cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Distributed Service Management Infrastructure for Enterprise Data Centers Based on Peer-to-Peer Technology

This paper presents a distributed service management infrastructure called BISE. One distinguishing feature of BISE is its adoption of the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) model in support of realtime service managements. BISE offers significant advantages over existing systems in scalability, resilience, and manageability. Current P2P algorithms are mainly developed for the file-sharing applications running on desktops, which have characteristics dramatically different from enterprise data centers. This difference led us to design our own P2P algorithms specifically optimized for enterprise environments. Based on these algorithms, we implemented a P2P substrate called BiseWeaver (25,000 lines of Java code) as the core of BISE. Our evaluation on a set of distributed machines shows that BiseWeaver is efficient and robust, and provides timely monitoring data in support of proactive SLA management.
The benefits of foreign direct investment and its alternatives: an empirical exploration

Utilizing data on mining activities in Sierra Leone this paper examines the benefits derived by the host economy from the activities of foreign‐owned companies and, in the case of diamonds, compares these with the benefits derived from an alternative mode of production. The comparison is generally to the advantage of the technically primitive, high‐cost but more nearly indigenous Alluvial Diamond Scheme (ADS): partly due to the adoption of production techniques better suited to relative factor scarcities in Sierra Leone and partly due to the nationality of ownership, the ADS tends to impart greater benefits to the national economy from a given deposit of diamonds than the modern, capital‐intensive mining company.
Distribution of leucine 2,3-aminomutase activity in various organs of the rat and in subcellular organelles of rat liver

Abstract Leucine 2,3-aminomutase, the cobalamine-dependent enzyme involved in the conversion of β-leucine to leucine, has been shown to be widely distributed in rat organs. The activity is highest in skeletal and cardiac muscle, lower in brain, liver, and kidney, and very low in small intestine. In rat liver, the activity is nearly all in the cytosolic fraction.
On Monsters and Mercy: Law, Faith, and the Value of Vulnerability

Despite the putative secularity of our culture, the reality is that in many contexts current church-state law is not separationist but preferentialist. Hidden preferentialism restricts political membership and participation and promotes an illusion of security, which reifies dangerous demarcations that make for an increasingly insular, fearful, unjust society. Through a consideration of monster theory and a reading of Maryse Conde’s I, Tituba, Black Witch of Salem, this article argues for (1) open acknowledgement of the fluid boundary between sacred and secular, (2) epistemological humility in both and (3) a revitalization of debates about the diminishing value and application of mercy.
Framework-based Teaching of IFRS Judgements

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are principles-based accounting standards that provide less prescriptive, interpretive and implementation guidance than do some national standards...
Advanced Practice Nurses in Integrated Health Care Systems

Changes in the health care delivery system are discussed with a view to those affecting the role and use of advanced practice nurses and particularly nurse practitioners who provide primary and reproductive care to women. Nurse practitioners are particularly well suited to function within integrated systems. They accomplish cost-containment strategies because of lower salaries or fees, fewer invasive procedures, greater compliance by patients, and increased nonpharmacologic treatments. They collaborate with all providers of primary care and enhance communication with patients. They develop clinical pathways for professionals and for patients and their families and support the use of guidelines and protocols to enhance standards of practice. It is suggested that women will become powerful consumers and that nurse practitioners are especially versed, not only in providing routine screening and episodic care, but also in teaching self-care, providing developmental and emotional support, and increasing compliance for health promotion and disease prevention. A high demand exists for education as an advanced practice nurse. Although many educational programs are moving to the master's degree, standardized educational levels are urged as a means for professionals and consumers to better understand advanced practice nursing roles. The need for nurse practitioners in the primary care marketplace is demonstrated, but the system is in a state of flux, and the roles may not be used appropriately. Nurse practitioners should help to define new jobs and be assertive in negotiating for positions.
Victor Gruen and the Construction of Cold War Utopias

The postwar American shopping mall projects of Austrian emigre Victor Gruen aimed to create not merely ideal commercial zones but complete, insular communities that would serve as templates in the ...
Arts Patronage: A Social Identity Perspective

This study presents patron identification as a potential segmentation variable to help arts organizations build customer relationships. Greater levels of patron identification were positively associated with greater satisfaction, instrumental/input commitment, temporal commitment, and attitudinal commitment with the organization. Finally, the factors of employees, show time, facility access, ancillary quality, and visual aesthetics were found to take on additional importance for the most highly identified customers. Results suggest that patron identification should not be overlooked in relationship building strategies.
Growth cone form is behavior-specific and, consequently, position-specific along the retinal axon pathway

Video time-lapse microscopy has made it possible to document growth cone motility during axon navigation in the intact brain. This approach prompted us to reanalyze the hypothesis, originally derived from observations of fixed tissue, that growth cone form is position-specific. The behaviors of Dil-labeled retinal axon growth cones were tracked from retina through the optic tract in mouse brain at embryonic day (E) 15-17, and these behaviors were matched with different growth cone forms. Patterns of behavior were then analyzed in the different locales from the retina through the optic tract. Throughout the pathway, episodes of advance were punctuated by pauses in extension. Irrespective of locale, elongated streamlined growth cones mediated advance and complex forms developed during pauses. The rate of advance and the duration of pauses were surprisingly similar in different parts of the pathway. In contrast, the duration of periods of advance was more brief in the chiasm compared to those in the optic nerve and tract. Consequently, in the chiasm, growth cones spent relatively more time pausing and less time advancing than in the optic nerve or tract. Thus, because growth cone form is behavior-specific and certain behaviors predominate in particular loci, growth cone form appears to be position-specific in static preparations, due to the fraction of time spent in a given state in different locales.
Optimizing quality of service in packet switch scheduling

Recently, extensive analytic research into packet scheduling in crossbar switches has yielded interesting throughput maximizing algorithms. Surprisingly, however, quality of service (QoS) performance associated with these algorithms has only been approximated through simulation. We present here certain randomized algorithms with analytic QoS. These are simple to implement and possess closed form expressions for various performance measures. By fine tuning particular parameters of these algorithms, one can vary the QoS associated with the individual ports as desired. This allows cost and utility optimization, a feature which was not feasible under previously studied packet scheduling algorithms.
Borderline personality disorder and the misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder

Recent reports suggest bipolar disorder is not only under-diagnosed but may at times be over-diagnosed. Little is known about factors that increase the odds of such mistakes. The present work explores whether symptoms of borderline personality disorder increase the odds of a bipolar misdiagnosis. Psychiatric outpatients (n=610) presenting for treatment were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) and the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality for DSM-IV axis II disorders (SIDP-IV), as well as a questionnaire asking if they had ever been diagnosed with bipolar disorder by a mental health care professional. Eighty-two patients who reported having been previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder but who did not have it according to the SCID were compared to 528 patients who had never been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Patients with borderline personality disorder had significantly greater odds of a previous bipolar misdiagnosis, but no specific borderline criterion was unique in predicting this outcome. Patients with borderline personality disorder, regardless of how they meet criteria, may be at increased risk of being misdiagnosed with bipolar disorder.
Music in Zagreb between Croatian, Hungarian and Austrian politics (1860–1883)

L'A. souligne la relation entre la production musicale, les manifestations musicales (choix des themes musicaux et des oeuvres) et le contexte politique, notamment le contexte des mouvements d'independance.
CHF1/Hey2 Plays a Pivotal Role in Left Ventricular Maturation Through Suppression of Ectopic Atrial Gene Expression

We previously reported that mice lacking the hairy-related basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 develop a thin-walled left ventricle. To explore the basis for this phenotype, we examined regional gene expression patterns in the developing myocardium. We found that atrial natriuretic factor ( ANF ), which is normally expressed in the atria and trabeculae and is restricted from the developing compact myocardium beginning at embryonic day 13.5, is persistently expressed in the left ventricular compact myocardium of the knockout animals. We also examined the expression pattern of the T-box transcription factor Tbx5 , a known regulator of ANF , and an additional Tbx5 -dependent gene, connexin 40 ( Cx40 ), both of which share a similar expression pattern to ANF during development. Tbx5 and Cx40 were similarly expressed ectopically in the compact myocardium of the CHF1/Hey2 knockout mouse. The atrial contractile genes mlc1a and mlc2a were also expressed ectopically in the left ventricular compact myocardium, providing evidence for a general dysregulation of atrial gene expression. Crossing of a myocardial-specific CHF1/Hey2 transgenic mouse with the knockouts led to rescue of the thin-walled myocardial phenotype and restoration of the normal patterns of gene expression. Myocardial cell proliferation, which has been shown previously to be suppressed by Tbx5 , was also decreased in the knockout mice and rescued by the transgene. Our findings suggest that CHF1/Hey2 suppresses atrial identity in the left ventricular compact myocardium, facilitates myocardial proliferation by suppressing Tbx5 , and thereby promotes proper ventricular myocardial maturation.
Pyrene bioaccumulation, effects of pyrene exposure on particle‐size selection, and fecal pyrene content in the oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Tubificidae, Oligochaeta)

The oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Cleparede was exposed to sediment-amended pyrene (0-1,196 nmol/g dry wt) for 2, 5, and 10 d to investigate sediment particle-size preference, tissue pyrene bioaccumulation (using biota-sediment accumulation factor, BSAF), fecal pyrene concentrations (using fecal-sediment accumulation factor, FSAF), and pyrene biotransformation. In non-pyrene-amended sediment, L. hoffmeisteri preferentially ingested finer sediment particles ( 199 nmol/g dry weight resulted in a decreased preference for finer particles, presumably reducing pyrene exposure. Particle selectivity also changed with time such that after 10 d, worms showed an increased preference for finer particles. At high pyrene exposure, tissue pyrene concentrations rapidly attained equilibrium (maximum body residue 4.4 mumol/g wet wt, close to values cited for hydrocarbon critical body residues). Levels of biotransformation were low (mean 14%) and independent of time or pyrene concentration. Biota-sediment accumulation factor showed a negative relationship with sediment pyrene concentration; this trend may be due to reduced availability at high sediment pyrene concentrations or due to reductions in both ingestion rate and selectivity for fine, pyrene-rich particles. Fecal pyrene concentrations were depleted compared to sediment levels, suggesting removal of pyrene during gut passage by absorption. Fecal-sediment accumulation factor showed a negative relationship with increasing sediment pyrene levels.
Solving Dynamic and Irregular Problems on SIMD Architectures with Runtime Support

One of the essential problems in parallel computing is: can STMD machines handle asynchronous problems? Thas is a dificult, unsolved problem because of the mismatch between asynchronous problems and SIMD archtiectures. We propose a soluiaon to let SIMD machines handle general asynchronous problems. Our approach is to implement a runtime support system which can run MIMD-like software on SIMD hardware. Substantial performance has been obtained on CM-2 and CM-5.
Technical Change and Factor Shares

Theimplications of technical change that directly alters factor shares are examined. Such change can lower the income of some factors of production even when it raises total output, thus offering a possible explanation for episodes of social conflict such as the Luddite uprisings in 19th century England and the recent divergence in the U. S. between wages for skilled and unskilled labor. An explanation also why underdeveloped countries do not adopt the latest technology but continue to use outmoded production methods. Total factor productivity is shown to be a misleading measure of technical progress. Share-altering technical change brings into question the plausibility of a wide class of endogenous growth models.
Exploration of effects of distraction, competing tasks and cognitive style on attention deployment.

The study dealt with the influence of drive content and cognitive style (field dependence) on the deployment of attention between two competing tasks. Ss were less able to call out letters in a random order when they simultaneously had to listen to a taped verbal passage (at one time with open sexual content and at another with more neutral content). The amount of recall of the verbal passage was positively correlated with the degree of decrease in randomness on the letter task. On the passage with sexual content, field-dependent Ss had a poorer recall and showed no relationship between the amount of recall and the decrease in randomness on the letter task. Individual differences in randomness were highly consistent across several distraction conditions and were unrelated to field dependence.
Chemical and Behavioral Complexity in Mammalian Chemical Communication Systems: Guinea Pigs ( Cavia Porcellus ), Marmosets ( Saguinus Fuscicollis ) and Humans ( Homo Sapiens )

The odorous secretions produced by mammals have long interested man. In some ancient civilizations, the scents produced by sacred or powerful animals were worn by men in an effort to capture some of its power (Kingston, 1965). In more recent times, organic chemists and perfumers have sought to identify and employ the volatile constituents of mammalian secretions and excretions in perfumes and colognes while animal behaviorists and reproductive biologists have explored the role such constituents play in olfactory chemical communication. With the establishment that volatiles in excreted body fluids play a significant role in mammalian communication organic chemists have become interested in the isolation and identification of these compounds. Such studies require an interdisciplinary approach.
The Architecture of Mtg

Mtg is an experimental software system for the algorithms of Chapters 7, 8 and 9. It consists of components written in C++ and Java.
Collective Bargaining and the Best Interests of Basketball

In the summer of 2011, the National Basketball Association experienced a five-month lockout over the terms of the league’s new collective-bargaining agreement. The lockout featured contentious negotiations ranging from how to split basketball-related income to maintaining the league’s “soft” salary cap. The end of this stalemate reflected more of an understanding of how much money would be lost without the 2011-2012 season than a fair compromise between the parties. As a result, this purported ten-year agreement is likely to be discarded at the earliest opportunity, meaning that the league will again be confronted with such conflict in five short years.Given that short window of time, players, owners, and league officials are undoubtedly already mentally preparing for the next round of negotiations. With so much focus on effecting an acceptable balance of the interests between the players and owners, this Note asks a different, and often overlooked question: What is in the best interests of the league? In three Parts, this Note argues that by seeking to serve the best interests of the league, players and owners can mutually achieve higher profits. First, Part I addresses the league’s current governance model and argues that collective bargaining remains beneficial for the league. Next, Part II examines the previous and current collective-bargaining agreements and predicts the likely effects of the more substantive changes enacted last fall. Finally, Part III considers which goals best capture the “best interests” of basketball, which of the new agreement’s provisions best advance these goals, and what changes can be made going forward to achieve these goals.
Space Efficiencies in Discourse Modeling via Conditional Random Sampling

Recent exploratory efforts in discourse-level language modeling have relied heavily on calculating Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI), which involves significant computation when done over large collections. Prior work has required aggressive pruning or independence assumptions to compute scores on large collections. We show the method of Conditional Random Sampling, thus far an underutilized technique, to be a space-efficient means of representing the sufficient statistics in discourse that underly recent PMI-based work. This is demonstrated in the context of inducing Shankian script-like structures over news articles.
Information science: Formulation of learning automata and automata games

The purpose of this paper is to investigate various properties of some learning automata operating in random environments. Based on the strategies of ''many-armed bandit problems,'' two sequential learning models, A"r","k and B"r","k","b, having deterministic and stochastic transition rules, respectively, are formulated. Automata using these strategies have shown the desired learning behavior, which is similar to the performance of linear-strategy automata and certain type of stochastic automata. Furthermore, the learning behavior of fuzzy automata in random environments is also considered. Comparison among various models has been made. Computer-simulated examples for the application of proposed models include games against nature and games between automata. The results from simulation have been considered quite satisfactory.
Electroviscous contribution to the rheology of colloidal unimolecular polymer (CUP) particles in water.

The rheological characteristics of anionic colloidal unimolecular polymer (CUP) particles in water were investigated. The intrinsic viscosities were determined for CUPs with different molecular weights as a function of volume fraction. The specific viscosities were measured and fit with models considering hydrodynamic interaction and electroviscous effects. The rheological characteristics were consistent with a surface layer of water which increases with the particle size or molecular weight of CUPs. The effective charges on the surface of particle were calculated and correlated with the rheological behavior of the CUP particles from the dilute to semidilute range, a volume fraction of 0.0001–0.08.
Postdecision-State-Based Approximate Dynamic Programming for Robust Predictive Control of Constrained Stochastic Processes

This article proposes the use of approximate dynamic programming (ADP) based on the "postdecision state" as a computationally efficient tool for the systematic handling of uncertainty in the context of stochastic process control. The need to handle uncertainties systematically, which is unmet by current advanced process control methodologies, such as model predictive control (MPC), is highlighted through two classes of problems that are commonly encountered in process control. These are (i) scenarios where processes, made to operate near constraint boundaries for economic reasons, exhibit frequent excursions into the infeasible region as a result of exogenous disturbances and (ii) situations where there exists significant interaction between state or parameter estimation and control such that the often employed assumptions of certainty equivalence or separation fail to hold. Most previous works on ADP, as specialized for process control problems, are better suited for deterministic problems. For stochastic problems. such as those treated in this work, the postdecision stage formulation confers immediate practical benefits since it allows the efficient use of off-the-shelf optimization solvers found in all MPC technology.
Venture Capital Reputation and Loan Contracts

High-quality venture capital (VC) investment dampens adverse selection between lenders and borrowers through two channels: short-term reputational benefits from screening and long-term benefits from ongoing monitoring. We find that high-quality VC shareholder monitoring at loan initiation is associated with decreased loan spreads, increased performance pricing, and reduced covenant use. Startups where high-quality VCs remain post-IPO receive better loan terms for at least five years after IPO; in contrast, the effect attenuates after two years if the VCs exit at IPO. These results persist after controlling for endogenous VC investment. Our evidence is consistent with high-quality VC monitoring providing benefits to startups incremental to VC certification and screening at IPO. Our paper has managerial implications about early reputational benefits and long-term performance effects for entrepreneurs and venture capitalists.
Naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide layer-based transistors with nanometer oxide and side chain dielectrics operating below one volt.

We designed a new naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide (NTCDI) semiconductor molecule with long fluoroalkylbenzyl side chains. The side chains, 1.2 nm long, not only aid in self-assembly and kinetically stabilize injected electrons but also act as part of the gate dielectric in field-effect transistors. On Si substrates coated only with the 2 nm thick native oxide, NTCDI semiconductor films were deposited with thicknesses from 17 to 120 nm. Top contact Au electrodes were deposited as sources and drains. The devices showed good transistor characteristics in air with 0.1−1 μA of drain current at 0.5 V of VG and VDS and W/L of 10−20, even though channel width (250 μm) is over 1000 times the distance (20 nm) between gate and drain electrodes. The extracted capacitance-times-mobility product, an expression of the sheet transconductance, can exceed 100 nS V−1, 2 orders of magnitude higher than typical organic transistors. The vertical low-frequency capacitance with gate voltage applied in the accumulation regime ...
RAPIDEYE - A Cost Effective Small Satellite Constellation for Commercial Remote Sensing

RapidEye is a commercial remote sensing mission by the German company RapidEye AG, incorporated in 1998, which will provide a new satellite based GEO-information service concentrating on customers in the agricultural and cartographic field. The RapidEye System that provides the primary data for the information product service comprises of a constellation of five identical small satellites and a sophisticated ground infrastructure based on proven systems. MacDonald Dettwiler & Associates (MDA) is the prime contractor responsible for the implementation of the space and ground segments that meet RapidEye’s business needs. The spacecraft platforms and other mission support services are provided by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. (SSTL) who have pioneered the low-cost commercial off-the-shelf technology approach for smallsat systems which is utilized for RapidEye. The five satellites will be placed in a single sun-synchronous orbit of approximately 620 kilometers, with the satellites equally spaced over the orbit. The satellites will each carry a 5 band multispectral optical imager with a ground sampling distance of 6.5 meters at nadir and a swath width of 80 km. The RapidEye system has the unique ability to image any area on earth once per day and can also provide large area coverage within 5 days. This capability along with the processing throughput of the ground segment allows the system to deliver the information products needed by the customers reliably and in a time frame that meets their specific needs. 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law 29 September 3 October 2003, Bremen, Germany IAC-03-IAA.11.1.06 Copyright © 2003 by the International Astronautical Federation. All rights reserved. 2 of 9
385 DE NOVO EMERGENCE OF INSULIN RESPONSIVENESS IN NORMAL HUMAN AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS INCUBATED WITH HIGH GLUCOSE

Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in atherogenesis in type 2 diabetes. Previous works have shown that incubation of the endothelial cells (E-cells) in high glucose media results in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. We have previously shown that T-lymphocytes (T-cells), which in their native state have no insulin receptors, upon incubation in high glucose become activated and exhibit de novo growth factor receptors for insulin, IGF1, IL-2, and GLUT-4 and become insulin sensitive. Thus both T-cells and E-cells show certain similarities in glucose-induced production of free radicals. We hypothesized that E-cells in high glucose media may behave similar to T-cells, induce insulin receptors and metabolize glucose since this has not been previously reported. Methods E-cells were incubated in 5, 15, and 30 mM glucose, and 25 mM mannitol for 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours at 37°C. We measured 125I insulin binding as well as uptake of 14C deoxyglucose in response to 50 μU/mL of insulin and analyzed expression of insulin receptor (IR) and glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4 by Western blotting. Results Binding of 125I insulin to cells incubated in 30 mM glucose (but no 5 mM) was time- and temperature-dependent and demonstrated 100% dissociation with 100 ng of insulin per mL. Uptake of 14C deoxyglucose was also time- and glucose concentration-dependent with greatest uptake at 48 hours, but none at 6 hours. Uptake of 14C deoxyglucose was highest at 30 mM, intermediate with 15 mM, and none at 5 mM glucose. These effects of high glucose were not attributed to hyperosmotic action of sugar, since 25 mM mannitol had no effect 14C deoxyglucose uptake. Demonstration of time-dependent increase in insulin sensitivity was further confirmed by increased IR expression in E-cells by the use of Western blotting analysis after incubation of E-cells with 30 mM glucose, but not with 5 mM glucose. Immunoblotting experiments also showed that incubation of E-cells in 30 mM glucose was accompanied by 2-4-fold elevation in expression of GLUT1 and GLUT4 as compared with 5 mM glucose values. In conclusion, we have established certain similarities between E-cells and T-cells in which both tissues are originally insulin insensitive but become insulin sensitive and develop insulin receptors in high concentration of glucose exhibiting production of ROS and lipid peroxidation. The use of T-cells as an easily available tissue may be an attractive alternative as a surrogate biomarker to predict early atherogenic changes.
Evaluation of low immunization coverage among the Amish population in rural Ohio.

Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Review included childhood immunizations among the 10 great public health achievements in the United States in the 20th century. Despite this acknowledged success, childhood immunization rates continue to be much lower in select populations. Amish communities have persistently lower immunization rates. Recent outbreaks in Amish communities include a 2014 measles outbreak in Ohio, resulting in 368 cases reported. A recent outbreak of pertussis in an Amish community in Ohio resulted in the death of a 6-week-old Amish baby. Methods A study was designed to determine the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and opinions of Amish parents relative to the immunization of Amish children. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Each potential participant was mailed a copy of a letter describing the proposed study. The questionnaire, a copy of the current immunization schedule, and a return stamped envelope were also included in the mailed packet. The study sample consisted of 84 Amish individuals who voluntarily filled out and returned questionnaires. Results The findings from the data analysis demonstrated that fear, especially concern over too many recommended immunizations and immunizations overwhelming the child's system, was the most frequent reported reasons for not having children immunized according to recommendations. Conclusions Religious factors and access to care were not among reasons most reported. Designing an educational campaign for educating Amish parents on the risks and benefits of immunizations with focus on specific concerns may improve immunization rates.
A unified statistical model for the human electrocorticogram

Abstract Objective Extracellular field potentials (ECFs) generated in the cerebral cortex span a vast range of spatiotemporal scales. The process(es) leading to this large dynamic range remain debatable. Here we propose a novel statistical description of the amplitude spectrum of the human electrocorticogram (ECoG). Methods Spectral analysis was performed on long-term recordings from epilepsy patients undergoing pre-surgical evaluation with intracranial electrodes. Amplitude spectra were fit with a multi-component Gaussian model on semi-logarithmic axes. Results The Gaussian formulation provided excellent fits to the data. It also suggested how the changes accompanying the sleep–wake cycle and certain epileptiform transitions could be understood by variation in the parameters of the model. Conclusions The proposed continuum model synthesizes several previous observations regarding the statistical structure of the resting human ECoG. It offers a conceptual platform for understanding the EEG changes accompanying the sleep–wake cycle and pathologically hypersynchronous behaviour. Significance Statistical characterisation of the spectral distribution of field potentials yield insight into the cortico-cortical interactions that underlie the summated cortical ECFs comprising the ECoG. Such insight is relevant for a synoptic understanding of major state changes in the brain that are diagnosed in clinical practice by visual inspection of the ECoG.
Abstract 1670: Radiosensitization of glioma cells by the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate is associated with enhanced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase

Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor with a 5 year survival rate of 25% in children and less than 10% in adults. Improvement in the prognosis of GBM patients requires the development of new therapeutic approaches. One emerging strategy is to target aberrant cell metabolism, a trait shared by virtually all tumor cells. The ketogenic diet (KD), a high fat, low carbohydrate and protein metabolic therapy has been shown to prolong survival in animal glioma models, and when used in conjunction with radiation cured 9 of 11 mice of their implanted tumors. We have also shown that the KD alters hypoxia, angiogenesis, and other hallmarks of glioma progression. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which ketones exert their effects on glioma, we are doing analyses of the effect of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), the most prevalent ketone body synthesized during ketosis, on glioma cells in vitro. We found that βHB both alone and in conjunction with radiation significantly inhibits proliferation of human and mouse glioma cells and human glioma stem cells (GSC). Alterations in passage through the cell cycle may affect proliferation, and cells are also more sensitive to radiation in the G2/M cell cycle phase. We therefore analyzed the effect of βHB on cell cycle distribution of cells treated with βHB and/or radiation. An analysis of cell cycle status by flow cytometry demonstrated that treating the GSC line L0 with 5mM βHB in combination with 4 Gy of radiation significantly increased the number of cells in G2/M cell cycle arrest. In GL261-Luc2 mouse glioma cells, 5mM βHB alone significantly enhanced G2/M cell cycle arrest, which could lead to radiosensitization. Currently we are analyzing proteins involved in cell cycle progression and apoptosis to better understand βHB mediated changes in growth and radioresistance. In summary, these data provide insight to the radiosensitization and anti-proliferative mechanisms of βHB and may hold implications for the use of the KD in the treatment of GBM. Citation Format: Helena B. Silva-Nichols, Alex P. Rossi, Eric C. Woolf, Marshall J. Fairres, Loic P. Deleyrolle, Brent A. Reynolds, Adrienne C. Scheck. Radiosensitization of glioma cells by the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate is associated with enhanced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1670.
Nothing ‘So Mundane as ghosts’: Eudora Welty and the Gothic

Although Welty rarely writes a truly gothic tale, she incorporates gothic tropes in many of her works. Ford discusses how Welty challenges the traditional racial and gender dynamics of the gothic genre. In a close reading of Delta Wedding, Ford shows that Welty rewrites the racial colouring of the Gothic by depicting the African American female characters’ use of conjure as beneficial instead of evil. In a close reading of The Optimist’s Daughter, Ford shows that Welty alludes to Edgar Allan Poe’s ‘The Raven’ and then creates a very different scene of bereavement with a bird to overturn the gender dynamics.
MRI Study of Brain Development and IQ

Volumetric analysis of brain images obtained from MRI was used to study cerebral development in 85 normal children and adolescents, 5 to 17 years of age, at the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; and Thomas Jefferson School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
José María Arguedas, etnógrafo: campo cultural y mestizaje

En la actualidad, es imposible trazar una historia de la etnologia en el Peru sin tomar en cuenta las contribuciones de Jose Maria Arguedas. Sin embargo, la antropologia de su epoca atribuyo escasa importancia a su trabajo. El proposito de este articulo es identificar los motivos del reconocimiento tardio y postumo del aporte de Arguedas. El argumen- to central es que el concepto de mestizo manejado por la etnografia de Arguedas implicaba una critica profunda de las practicas deshistori- zantes de la antropologia dominante. Interviniendo de manera decisiva en un debate clave en la historia intelectual latinoamericana, Arguedas cuestiono la ideologia hispanista del mestizaje de la primera mitad del siglo XX, que entendia tal condicion como la realizacion del ideal de un sincretismo armonico. Retrospectivamente, es posible arguir que su formulacion de lo mestizo tiene elementos en comun con paradigmas culturales contemporaneos que valorizan la diferencia y el multicultu- ralismo.
Working Communities and the Victorian-American Company Town

Fayette was a geographically isolated town whose sole purpose was to smelt iron. It is generally representative of company towns in Victorian America, and its workforce experienced many of the same relationships to industrial technology and bureaucratic management as other employees immersed in industrial capitalism elsewhere. Its residents were also immersed in broader ideologies surrounding mass consumerism, morality, and proper work ethics. Residents of company towns like Fayette experienced corporate paternalism in most aspects of their lives, because residents relied on the company for nearly all their goods and services. Archaeologists, historians, and land managers have generated a tremendous amount of research on Fayette Historic State Park. Much of that research is synthesized in this volume with respect to power relations in industrial capitalism.
Advancement of Functional Genomics of a Model Species of Neurospora and Its Use for Ecological Genomics of Soil Fungi

Our daily life is deeply interwoven with diverse filamentous fungi. These fungi are essential to many ecosystem functions. The estimates of the potential number of fungi predicted to occur on Earth are between 1.5 million and over five million species. We know, however, very little of the biology and ecological functions of most of these fungal species. Only few chosen fungal species have been used for systematic studies on diverse biological problems. Since there is a limited amount of resources in learning fungal biology, it is beneficial to have a model organism, in which new techniques are tested and detailed genetic and molecular mechanisms elucidated for diverse biological phenomena. However, a concerted and creative effort by a group of researchers is necessary to address ecological questions in non-model and non-laboratory microorganisms. By doing so, we can translate genomics data from the few fungal model organisms into the real-world function of the purported functional groups of saprotrophs, pathogens, mycorrhizae, and endophytes. Neurospora crassa has been a successful filamentous fungal model organism: its study has greatly advanced our understanding of its physiology, biochemistry, and molecular makeup, but surprisingly little about its ecology.
The Biology of Lipid-Containing Membrane Proteins

A wide range of proteins have been shown to acquire covalent lipids during their maturation. The three most common types of lipid modifications of proteins involve esterification of palmitate to cysteine, attachment of myristate through amide linkage to the amino terminus and attachment of a complex glycosylated phosphatidylinositol anchor to the carboxy terminus. The enzymes responsible for these modifications are localized to different subcellular compartments, as are the proteins that undergo these modifications. Proteins that contain covalent lipids are generally, but not always, associated with membranes and in many cases, the lipid moiety plays an essential role in directing membrane association. Fatty acylation is an especially common modification among proteins that participate in transmembrane regulatory pathways involving multiple interacting components. for these proteins, the proteinassociated lipid appears to mediate protein-protein interactions within the bilayer. This review will summarize current concepts regarding the enzymology of protein lipidation and will consider the functional consequences of these unique modifications, particularly for proteins that participate in transmembrane signaling.
Panel on Commercial Refractories in Severe Environments: Introduction

Commercial refractories are represented broadly by a wide variety of materials, ranging from relatively simple compositions to highly complex multicomponent systems. Their behavior in severe environments is governed by the same basic chemical and physical principles as other materials. But the interaction of the many components with environments that are generally multifaceted presents a much more complex situation than for many other materials. The improvements that have been made in these materials involved not only materials research but iterative analyses involving raw material characterizations, processing effects, property tests, design and construction techniques, and careful interpretation of service failures. The dramatic progress in commercial refractory developments in the past 10–20 years has been made possible by this approach, and especially by the use of modem analylical tools and techniques and by close cooperation between users and suppliers.
Strategies for Managing Process Change Uncertainty in Manufacturing Environments

Manufacturers increasingly recognize the crucial role of process change to create and sustain competitive capabilities. However, the benefits of process change are frequently uncertain due to technical problems, worker resistance to change, and limited resource availability. Complicating the situation, empirical evidence indicates that the extent of uncertainty is often linked to the amount of process change undertaken. Specifically, it has been argued that large scale process changes offering the highest potential gains are also associated with the greatest amount of uncertainty. To combat uncertainty and to realize the potential benefits from process change, managers must recognize the importance of creating and applying knowledge. Empirical evidence indicates that the extent of uncertainty associated with the benefits of process change is mitigated through knowledge-creating activities including preparation and training. Furthermore, the expected level of benefits derived from process change increases due to the application of existing knowledge. In this paper, a comprehensive stochastic analysis is provided to aid managers develop process change and knowledge creation strategies. While a variety of benefits may be sought through process change, we focus on the potential gain derived from increasing the level of effective capacity. Two models are formulated and analyzed characterizing different views of process change uncertainty. Each model captures the various impacts of knowledge on the outcome of process change. In particular, as a firm's relevant knowledge increases, the ultimate gain in effective capacity derived from process change increases and the level of uncertainty associated with that gain decreases. While both models focus on maximizing profit, each presents a different view of process change uncertainty. Insights are obtained depicting the impact of the manager's view of uncertainty on knowledge acquisition and process change strategies. Furthermore, the results of the alternative formulations are contrasted offering insights on a firm's performance in relation to key issues including the valuation of process change uncertainty, budget constraints, and firm size.
Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Different Origins in Sichuan Province, China, 2007-2015.

Abstract Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major multidrug-resistant (MDR) opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for nosocomial infections worldwide. The emergence of MRS...
Sex differences in the effect of cannabinoid type 1 receptor deletion on locus coeruleus-norepinephrine neurons and corticotropin releasing factor-mediated responses

Cannabinoids are capable of modulating mood, arousal, cognition and behavior, in part via their effects on the noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus (LC). Dysregulation of LC signaling and norepinephrine (NE) efflux in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) can lead to the development of psychiatric disorders, and CB1r deletion results in alterations of α2- and β1-adrenoceptors in the mPFC, suggestive of increased LC activity. To determine how CB1r deletion alters LC signaling, whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology was conducted in LC-NE neurons of male and female wild type (WT) and CB1r-knock out (KO) mice. CB1r deletion caused a significant increase in LC-NE excitability and input resistance in male but not female mice when compared to WT. CB1r deletion also caused adaptations in several indices of noradrenergic function. CB1r/CB2r-KO male mice had a significant increase in cortical NE levels and tyrosine hydroxylase and CRF levels in the LC compared to WT males. CB1r/CB2r-KO female mice showed a significant increase in LC α2-AR levels compared to WT females. To further probe actions of the endocannabinoid system as an anti-stress neuromediator, the effect of CB1r deletion on CRF-induced responses in the LC was investigated. The increase in LC-NE excitability observed in male and female WT mice following CRF (300 nM) bath application was not observed in CB1r-KO mice. These results indicate that cellular adaptations following CB1r deletion cause a disruption in LC-NE signaling in males but not females, suggesting underlying sex differences in compensatory mechanisms in KO mice as well as basal endocannabinoid regulation of LC-NE activity.
Semantically Interpretable and Controllable Filter Sets

In this paper, we generate and control semantically interpretable filters that are directly learned from natural images in an unsupervised fashion. Each semantic filter learns a visually interpretable local structure in conjunction with other filters. The significance of learning these interpretable filter sets is demonstrated on two contrasting applications. The first application is image recognition under progressive decolorization, in which recognition algorithms should be color-insensitive to achieve a robust performance. The second application is image quality assessment where objective methods should be sensitive to color degradations. In the proposed work, the sensitivity and lack thereof are controlled by weighing the semantic filters based on the local structures they represent. To validate the proposed approach, we utilize the CURE-TSR dataset for image recognition and the TID 2013 dataset for image quality assessment. We show that the proposed semantic filter set achieves state-of-the-art performances in both datasets while maintaining its robustness across progressive distortions.