cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Review—The Design and Assembly of Bonded Composites

The nature of the likely adherends—whether composite or metal—are reviewed in terms of the manner in which their properties influence the performance of a bonded joint. Similarly, the primary characteristics of the major adhesive types are also assessed. The stresses experienced by an adhesive, as a result of the interplay of these characteristics, in idealisedjoints are examined using worked examples generated by a mathematical model. The implications of this study and real-life experience are taken into account in terms of practical design. The significant factors affecting production are detailed—particularly surface preparation and the means of maintaining continuous mass production. The review concludes with some observations on service environments and durability.
Speech behavior and social environment: Selective interactions in the American south

(1979). Speech behavior and social environment: Selective interactions in the American south. Discourse Processes: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 335-342.
The age of diagnosis of sensorineural hearing impairment in children

Abstract Objective : To identify factors responsible for delays in diagnosis and treatment of pediatric sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI), and to assess the thoroughness of medical evaluation in these children. Design : Retrospective analysis. Setting : State-supported school for the deaf. Patients and other participants : 291 children with SNHI, the vast majority of whom are profoundly hearing impaired. Data were collected from the school's database, individual student records, and a parental questionnaire. Main outcome measures : (1) The age of diagnosis and treatment of SNHI; (2) factors leading to a delay in diagnosis; (3) current medical evaluations used to determine the etiology of SNHI; and (4) the level of parental satisfaction with the evaluation process. Results : Many children with SNHI experience delays in diagnosis from the time of first suspicion of hearing loss. Children with a risk factor for SNHI are diagnosed no earlier than children without a risk factor. Caucasian children are diagnosed significantly earlier than either Black or Hispanic children, regardless of socioeconomic status. Inconsistent medical evaluation ensues following the diagnosis of SNHI, and parental satisfaction with this process is low. Conclusions : The average age of diagnosis of SNHI remains unacceptably high. There exists a need to enhance physician awareness of childhood deafness and to develop guidelines for the medical evaluation in cases of pediatric SNHI. Lastly, the importance of parental concern regarding a child's hearing or language development must be re-emphasized.
A comparative study on cultural differences and quality practices – Korea, USA, Mexico, and Taiwan

Purpose – This paper seeks to present an international comparative study on cultural differences and quality practices of four countries – Korea, USA, Mexico, and Taiwan. The paper aims to present a model, which depicts the relationships among cultures (i.e. power distance and collectivism), employee empowerment, and quality results (i.e. internal and external quality results).Design/methodology/approach – An analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a discriminant analysis were employed to test hypotheses following the research model. Using reliable and valid instruments, data from four countries were collected on employee empowerment, and internal and external quality results to test the hypotheses.Findings – The results suggest that collectivistic cultures, not power distance cultures, make a significant difference in employee empowerment, employee empowerment plays an important role in enhancing quality results in the four countries, and successful employee empowerment practices are not uniform across countrie...
Reactive Ion Etching of WSi0.6 Gates for GaAs MESFETS

A process for reactive ion etching of 1 µ m and sub-micron WSi0.6 gates for GaAs MESFET integrated circuits has been developed. Using a CF4/O2 plasma, a 200am film of WSi0.6 could be etched in ≃ 5 minutes. This is sufficiently long for accurate process monitoring. A vertical edge profile has been obtained which is desirable for a self-aligned MESFET process. To achieve the vertical edge, careful control of the degree of over etch was necessary. This was accomplished by monitoring the intensity profile of a laser beam reflected from the wafer being etched. The widths of lines etched in WSi0.6 closely matched those of the resist pattern. Both 1 µ m and sub-micron FET’s were fabricated with excellent linewidth control and electrical characteristics
Central ring electrode for trapping and excitation/detection in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

The use of a central trapping ring electrode for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometry is demonstrated. Ions are trapped with an oppositely biased static potential superimposed on both the excite and detect electrodes and maintained throughout the experiment, including the application of a dipolar rf excite waveform and the image current ion detection event. The use of a central trapping electrode for FTICR coupled with an open cell design retains the advantages of high ion throughput and gas conductance, while simplifying the electrode geometry and reducing the overall dimensions of the cell. This allows the central trapping electrode to be of utility in volume-limited vacuum chambers including FTICR instrument miniaturization. Presented here are the preliminary experimental results using the central trapping electrode as an FTICR cell in which the excitation and detection electrodes also create a trapping depression to constrain the z-axis motion of the ions. The cell overcomes the principle limitation of an earlier single trapping electrode design by producing a 91% effective potential well depth compared to 19% for the single trapping electrode and 33% for standard open cells. This allows the central trapping electrode configuration to achieve an order of magnitude improvement in ion capacity compared to more conventional open cell designs.
Fragrance material review on isodecyl alcohol.

Abstract A toxicologic and dermatologic review of isodecyl alcohol when used as a fragrance ingredient is presented. Isodecyl alcohol is a member of the fragrance structural group branched chain saturated alcohols. The common characteristic structural elements of the alcohols with saturated branched chain are one hydroxyl group per molecule, and a C 4 –C 12 carbon chain with one or several methyl side chains. This review contains a detailed summary of all available toxicology and dermatology papers that are related to this individual fragrance ingredient and is not intended as a stand-alone document. A safety assessment of the entire branched chain saturated alcohol group will be published simultaneously with this document; please refer to Belsito et al. (2010) for an overall assessment of the safe use of this material and all other branched chain saturated alcohols in fragrances.
Dislocation node determinations of the stacking fault energy in silver-tin alloys

Abstract Direct measurements by transmission electron microscopy on extended dislocation nodes in alloys of tin in silver have led to values for the intrinsic stacking fault energy. The values decreased smoothly from 23 ergs/cm 2 for pure silver to 4.5 ergs/cm 2 for 7.8 at.% tin, near the f.c.c. phase limit. The results are compared with previous determinations in other silver-base alloys, and sources of systematic error are discussed. A comparison of different theoretical analyses is included.
A continuous coupled polarographic assay for trehalase

Abstract A continuous, coupled polarographic assay, which couples trehalose hydrolysis to O 2 consumption using glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) as ancillary enzymes has been developed for the measurement of trehalase (α-α′-trehalose 1- d -glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.28) activity. With this procedure, O 2 consumption was a linear function of time and the coupled reaction rate was directly proportional to the amount of protein assayed with both crude and partially purified enzyme preparations. The limits of sensitivity with this assay correspond to the production of 2.5 nmol of glucose/min. The validity of this assay was confirmed by comparative studies with a discontinuous colorimetric assay for the quantitation of glucose. In addition, the applicability of this assay was appraised by determining the K m of the enzyme for trehalose. The value obtained with the polarographic assay (i.e., 1.3 ± 0.1 m m trehalose) showed excellent agreement with that obtained using a discontinuous colorimetric method (i.e., 1.2 m m trehalose). Thus the equivalence and applicability studies with the polarographic assay demonstrated that this procedure is a valid and sensitive method for the rapid quantitation of trehalase activity.
Mechanism of chlorpromazine action on rat intestinal transport processes

Abstract In a previous study, it was observed that chlorpromazine (CPZ) inhibited the transport of l -methionine in the rat intestine. The present experiments were designed to delineate the possible mechanism of this effect. Pre-incubation studies with CPZ demonstrated that the tissue concentration of CPZ was much more important than the medium concentration in inhibiting l -methionine transport. This seemed to favor an ‘indirect’ or ‘within-cell’ effect (metabolic inhibition or inhibition of sodium and potassium ion-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase [(Na + + K + )-ATPase]) over a ‘direct’ or ‘surface’ effect (an effect on passive membrane permeability or at the carrier level). CPZ did not affect diffusional entry of l -methionine at the intestinal brush border. The inhibition of non-diffusional mucosal transport of l -methionine by CPZ was not competitive; CPZ inhibited d -galactose transport in the same time-dependent manner as it inhibited l -methionine transport. No CPZ effect on carrier-mediated diffusion of d -xylose was observed. Thus, CPZ effect on active transport processes in the intestine seems to be mediated predominantly within the cell; from the present study it is not clear whether this effect is through inhibition of metabolic energy or inhibition of (Na + + K + )-ATPase.
Low field intergranular tunneling effect in CrO2 nanoparticles and characterization of the barriers

The magnetoresistance (MR) and microstructures of half-metallic CrO2 nanoparticle systems were studied. Using field alignment, the needle-shaped CrO2 single domain particles were aligned in the same orientation. The MR of this structure showed a magnetic junction-like behavior with two well-separated peaks in the MR at coercivity fields and the MR of the aligned CrO2 particles reached >41% at a relatively low field of about 1000 Oe. The magnetotransport mechanism was analyzed in terms of spin dependent tunneling between CrO2 nanoparticles. Using transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques, the intergranular tunneling barrier was characterized to be a very thin Cr2O3 interface layer between the CrO2 particles. Temperature dependence of MR and conductivity in cold-pressed CrO2 nanopowders were studied. The MR significantly decreased with increasing temperature and the spin independent hopping conduction is suggested to be responsible for the suppressi...
van der Waals Broadening of the Electronic Spectra of 1-Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane: Inversion into Lennard-Jones Pair Potentials

Collisional perturbations of the S0 → S1 and S0 → S2 electronic transitions of 1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (ABCO) by Ar, He, Xe, and SF6 are studied under static-cell conditions at 296 K. Pressures ranged up to ca. 20 atm for Xe and SF6 and ca. 80 atm for Ar and He. For all perturbers except for He, the vibronic features are red-shifted and broadened asymmetrically to the blue. For He a slight blue shift is observed. Linear shift coefficients for the 0−0 bands of these transitions are reported for the perturbers studied. The spectral perturbations caused by these agents are analyzed globally for each transition using an iterative Fourier reconvolution (IFR) method. Because of the distortion of the more weakly allowed S0 → S1 transition by the S0 → S2 transition, the IFR method was applied to the latter system using Lennard-Jones (LJ) pair potentials to model the interactions between the perturber and the S0 and S2 states of ABCO. In all cases good overall fits are achieved (χ2 ca. 10-4). For all perturbers,...
ISSPSS: a decision support system for information systems strategic planning

Abstract This paper describes a Decision Support System (DSS) for strategic planning of Information Systems (IS) named ISSPSS (Information Systems Strategic Planning Support System) and the experience of its implementation. The system addresses three core issues of the IS strategic planning process: identifying the importance and role of information systems in the organization, defining IS objectives based on organizational objectives and critical success factors and formulating hardware distribution policy. The system's output is designed to guide an organization in formulating a policy for organizational information resource.
THE ADVERSE EFFECT OF PERPENDICULAR ION DRIFT FLOW ON CYLINDRICAL TRIPLE PROBE ELECTRON TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS

The cylindrical triple probe method is an attractive technique for measuring electron temperatures (Te) and electron number densities (ne) in a variety of plasmas sources. In practice, however, the cylindrical triple probe can be sensitive to sources of error that affect all Langmuir probe techniques. In particular, the presence of an ion drift velocity component that is perpendicular to the probe axis has been known to result in erroneous measurements of ne. Less obvious, however, is that ion flow perpendicular to the probe has a significant effect on the indicated Te. The purpose of this note is to make researchers aware of such an effect and to demonstrate a technique which can mitigate it. The approach taken to investigate this phenomenon was to make Te measurements in the plume of a 20 kW magnetoplasmadynamic thruster with the probe oriented at several angles with respect to the local ion flow.
The analysis of cancer chemoprevention experiments in which there is interval censoring

Abstract In certain types of cancer chemoprevention experiments animals are examined for the appearance of tumors over the duration of the investigation. If the experimental animals are inspected frequently enough, then it is reasonable to assume that the times to tumor detection accurately represent the times the cancers reach detectable size. If examinations are conducted less frequently, this assumption is not justified. In such experiments, each detectable tumor is associated with a time interval rather than a specific time point. In this paper we introduce a parametric method for the statistical analysis of experiments in which there is interval censoring that explicitly acknowledges the confounding of the number of induced tumors and tumor growth rate.
Hybrid elastostatic and thermostatic analysis from measured data

An effective hybrid method is demonstrated for stress analysis and heat transfer. Measured information is represented and differentiated analytically, while the number of unknown coefficients and amount of experimental input data needed are reduced through field equations. The approach is accurate, full-field, employs arbitrarily shaped elements, does not require a smoothing parameter and is well suited for computer-vision techniques. The concept is presently illustrated by moire strain analysis, although it can be extended to other disciplines.
Traffic and distribution management

The related concepts of traffic and distribution management are discussed in terms of corporate systems, strategies and programs. In particular, reference is made to the organisational requirements of the new approach to distribution.
Liver cell dysplasia and hepatocellular carcinoma: Non‐A, non‐B hepatitis, too?

Liver cell dysplasia (LCD) is a premalignant cytologic change of hepatocytes that has been statistically linked to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and chronic liver disease related to hepatitis B virus. The relationship of LCD to non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis is currently unknown. We studied liver biopsy and surgical resection specimens from 36 patients with NANB hepatitis, and identified LCD in 17 (42.5%) of 40 specimens, most often associated with cirrhosis. Dysplasia was present in individual hepatocytes, in clusters, and in a distinctive “spreading” pattern of hepatocytes about central veins. Three patients had HCC with a predominant giant cell pattern, as well as LCD. These findings suggest that LCD and HCC should be included among the potential pathologic sequelae of NANB hepatitis.
Lofty goals at high altitude: The Grover Conferences, 1984–2011

Dr. Reeves and his colleagues, Drs. Wiltz Wagner, Norbert Voelkel, Ivan McMurtry and Ken Weir (Fig. 3), recognized the need for an ongoing international, scientific conference devoted to the pulmonary circulation. The meeting in 2011 was the 15th in the series. Those who study the pulmonary circulation do not need to be reminded of its unique characteristics. However, the great majority of the non-medical public are still in the pre-Harveian era and do not know that there is an entirely separate circulation of blood to the lungs. Few of those who are medically trained, other than cardiologists and pulmonologists, remember the complex embryology that gives rise to the proximal, capacitance, pulmonary arteries. Many have forgotten that the pulmonary vasculature is a low-pressure system, accommodating the entire cardiac output and interfacing with the airways down to the level of the alveoli, with the bronchial circulation and with the lymphatics. Those who work in the area know that the lungs provide a large area of contact between the blood and endothelium and consequently, the lungs’ metabolic activity is enormously important. Many endogenous substances are activated, such as angiotensin l, or inactivated, such as bradykinin; and yet others, such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin, are generated by the endothelium of the pulmonary vasculature. In most respects, the pulmonary circulation is quite different from the systemic circulation, as illustrated in terms of acute reactivity by hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, in altered function by the potentially fatal condition, high-altitude pulmonary edema, and in chronic disease by idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. It is clear from even a brief summary of ORIGIN
Effects Of Correlation Between Two Fluctuating Sources On The Spectrum Of The Emitted Light

It has recently been demonstrated both theoretically 1-3 and experimentally4 that contrary to general belief, the spectrum of light emitted by a steady-state source depends, in general, not only on the source spectrum but also on the degree of correlation between the source fluctuations. When the source spectrum consists of a single line centered at frequency wo , the source correlation may cause the spectrum of the emitted light to be a line centered on a lower frequency wA, depending on the particular form of the degree of correla?ion. Thus source correlations provide a new physical mechanism for redshifts or blueshifts of spectral lines. This newly discovered phenomenon is obviously-of particular interest for astronomy, where line shifts observed in the spectra of radiation from stellar objects have up to now always been assumed to be caused either by the motion of the stellar object relative to the observer (the Doppler effect) or as being due to gravitation. Examples of redshifted lines due to source correlations are shown in Fig. 1.
Scaling an Islamic Work Ethic

Abstract The purpose of this research was to construct scales to measure the Islamic work ethic and individualism and to provide evidence of these scales' reliability and validity. Three steps were involved: a literature search to develop statements pertaining to the Islamic work ethic and individualism; screening of the initial statements by Islamic experts; and actual administration of the refined statements to a sample of 150 Arab students. The results of a reliability test and correlation analysis indicated that both scales were reliable and that the Islamic Work Ethic Scale was positively and significantly correlated with the Individualism Scale.
Nobox is a homeobox-encoding gene preferentially expressed in primordial and growing oocytes

To identify novel genes involved in early mammalian folliculogenesis, we used the Unigene collection of mouse cDNA libraries to identify unique expressed sequence tags in a newborn mouse ovary cDNA library. Nobox (newborn ovary homeobox-encoding gene) was one of several genes identified by in silico (electronic database) subtraction. We cloned the mouse Nobox cDNA and characterized its genomic organization. The gene spans 14kb and is encoded by eight exons. The Nobox gene maps to proximal chromosome 6 in the mouse, and we identified a portion of the human gene encoding a NOBOX homolog which resides at a syntenic position on chromosome 7q35. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analyses show that Nobox is preferentially expressed in the ovary at high levels. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrates that Nobox mRNA is present in primordial and growing oocytes. Nobox is one of the first homeobox-encoding genes preferentially expressed during mammalian folliculogenesis.
Simulation of detection and beamforming with acoustical ground sensors

An interactive platform has been developed for simulating the detection and direction-finding performance of battlefield acoustic ground sensors. The simulations use the Acoustic Battlefield Aid (ABFA) as a computational engine to determine the signal propagation and resulting frequency-domain signal characteristics at the receiving sensor array. There are three components to the propagation predictions: the transmission loss (signal attenuation from target to sensor), signal saturation (degree of signal randomization), and signal coherence across the beamforming array. The transmission loss is predicted with a parabolic solution to the wave equation that accounts for sound refraction and ground interactions; signal saturation and coherence are predicted from the theory for line-of-sight wave propagation through turbulence. Based on these calculations, random frequency-domain signal samples are generated. The signal samples are then mixed with noise and fed to the selected detection or beamforming algorithm. After averaging over a number of trials, results are overlaid on a terrain map to show the sensor coverage. Currently available algorithms include the Neyman-Pearson criterion and Bayes risk minimization for detection, and the conventional, MVDR, and MUSIC beamformers. Users can readily add their own algorithms through a 'plug-in' interface. The interface requires only a text file listing the algorithm parameters and defaults, and a Matlab routine or Windows dynamic link library that implements the algorithm.
Primary Care of the Transplant Patient

A total of 153,245 patients are living with a solid organ transplant in the US. In addition, patients are experiencing high 5-year survival rates after transplantation. Thus, primary care physicians will be caring for transplanted patients. The aim of this review is to update primary care physicians on chronic diseases, screening for malignancy, immunizations, and contraception in the transplant patient. Several studies on the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia demonstrate that most agents used to treat the general population also can be used to treat transplant recipients. Little information exists on the medical management of diabetes in the transplant population, but experts in the area believe that the treatment of diabetes should be similar. Transplant recipients are at increased risk for all malignancies. Aggressive screening should be employed for all cancers with a proven screening benefit. Killed immunizations are safe for the transplant population, but live virus vaccines should be avoided. Women of childbearing age should be counseled about the impact of immunosuppressants on the efficacy and side effects of contraception.
Intercomparison of ionospheric electrodynamics from the Iridium constellation with global MHD simulations

[1] Global magnetospheric simulation results of the field-aligned current (FAC) density at low altitudes are compared with global two-dimensional distributions of Birkeland currents at the topside ionosphere derived from magnetic field data of the Iridium satellite constellation. We present two events with opposite direction of the interplanetary magnetic field By, 23 November 1999 1400–1700 UT, By > 0, and 31 March 2000 1500–1800 UT, By < 0. In both observations and simulations the configuration of the FACs near noon displays the expected reversal of sense with latitude corresponding to the sign of By. The total Region-1 current in the simulations (2–3 MA) is larger than that derived from Iridium (1–1.5 MA), consistent with known underestimates from Iridium, but there is a deficit of Region 2 in the simulations. The poleward limit of the simulated Region-1 currents is significantly, ∼5°, poleward of the observed currents for standard resolution simulations (∼6° per grid point at 70° magnetic latitude). Doubling the simulation resolution leads to a marked improvement in the agreement with the observed spatial distribution of Region-1 FACs. Moreover, the higher resolution leads to the appearance of some Region-2 FACs in the 23 November event. The location of the inner simulation boundary, 2 RE or 3 RE, is found to have negligible effect on the distribution of Region-1 currents, but positioning the inner boundary at 3 RE can be inadequate for capturing Region-2 FACs. Nightside currents in the simulation underestimate the observed FACs. Separating FACs associated with ∇ · E, ∇ΣP, and ∇ΣH terms in the ionosphere, we find that the observed nightside currents agree well with the ∇ · E FACs and that the ∇ΣH term cancels some of the ∇ · E currents on the nightside, resulting in the discrepancy with the observations. The results imply that in addition to including a ring current module to properly account for the particle drift physics, a high simulation resolution and improved nighttime ionospheric conductivities are two factors that also need to be addressed to obtain reliable simulation results.
Thiopurine methyltransferase polymorphic tandem repeat: Genotype‐phenotype correlation analysis

Background Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) is a genetically polymorphic enzyme that catalyzes the S-methylation of thiopurine drugs such as 6-mercaptopurine. Recently, a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) within the TPMT promoter has been reported to “modulate” levels of this enzyme activity. Methods We set out to perform genotype-phenotype correlation analysis for the polymorphic TPMT tandem repeat in 1211 clinical laboratory samples in which red blood cell (RBC) TPMT activity had been measured and to compare those results with data for 279 control DNA samples. Results TPMT VNTR length varied from three to nine repeats (*V3 to *V9), but the most common alleles were *V4 and *V5, with frequencies in the control samples of 0.54 and 0.36, respectively. The clinical laboratory samples were then stratified into those with “low,” “intermediate,” or “high” levels of RBC TPMT activity; that is, samples presumed to be homozygous for open reading frame (ORF)–based variant alleles, heterozygous for those alleles, or homozygous for the “wild-type” ORF sequence, respectively. TPMT VNTR genotype *V4/*V5 was associated with significantly higher RBC TPMT activity than were *V4/*V4 or *V5/*V5. Lowest activity levels were associated with genotypes that included an allele with more than 5 repeat elements. However, all of these effects were quantitatively small. Finally, there was linkage disequilibrium between VNTR allele *V5 and TPMT*3A, the most common ORF-based polymorphism associated with very low TPMT activity in white persons. Conclusions These observations suggest that, in addition to the striking effects of ORF-based single nucleotide polymorphisms on TPMT activity, the VNTR within the 5′-flanking region of the TPMT gene also may modulate levels of RBC TPMT activity. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2000) 68, 210–219; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2000.108674
In-plane transport of photoexcited carriers in GaAs quantum wells

We have measured the picosecond-time-resolved in-plane motion of carriers in a multiple quantum well by a spatially scanned pump-probe technique at bath temperatures between 8.5 and 60 K. The effective ambipolar diffusivity measured from the spatial expansion of a nonequilibrium carrier distribution is found to increase with pump power, i.e., carrier density. We believe that this effect is in part due to the formation of a degenerate semiconductor plasma and to screening of scattering centers. An increase in the diffusivity is observed with the change in the bath temperature from 8.5 to 60 K that is consistent with a simple impurity-limited scattering model. The diffusivity at 0--200 ps is found to increase with the incident photon energy, while the diffusivity measured at 500 ps remains relatively constant with increasing photon energy. The decrease in the expansion rate with time is ascribed to the decreasing kinetic energies of the carriers.
Cytochrome c and Cytochrome c Oxidase: Monolayer Assemblies and Catalysis

A novel electrochemical system has been designed and assembled to study the kinetic activity of cytochrome c oxidase. Gold electrodes coated with 3-mercapto-1-propanol formed the surface for the physisorption of monolayers of cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase or a preformed cytochrome c−cytochrome c oxidase complex. The films were investigated by cyclic voltammetry at scanning at rates slow enough to permit near redox equilibrium between electrode and redox protein and hence obtain redox midpoint potentials. Cytochrome c monolayers alone displayed a reversible midpoint potential at pH 8 (Em8 vs NHE) at +240 mV, close to the native cytochrome c value observed in solution. In contrast, oxidase monolayers alone failed to support any detectable redox contact between electrode and protein, implying that the distances between the oxidase redox cofactors in the adsorbed oxidase are too far away from the electrode to promote significant electron transfer rates. However, adsorption of a preformed cytochrome c−...
Identification and characterization of a nitrate transporter gene in Neurospora crassa.

The Neurospora crassa genome database was searched for sequence similarity to crnA, a nitrate transporter in Aspergillus nidulans. A 3.9-kb fragment (contig 3.416, subsequence 183190–187090) was cloned by PCR. The gene coding for this nitrate transporter was termed nit-10. The nit-10 gene specifies a predicted polypeptide containing 541 amino acids with a molecular mass of 57 kDa. In contrast to crnA, which is clustered together with niaD, encoding nitrate reductase, and niiA, encoding nitrite reductase, nit-10 is not linked to nit-3 (nitrate reductase), nit-6 (nitrite reductase), or to nit-2, nit-4 (both are positive regulators of nit-3), or nmr (negative regulator of nit-3) in Neurospora crassa. A nit-10 rip mutant failed to grow in the medium when nitrate (<10 mM) was used as the sole nitrogen source, but grew similarly to wild type when nitrate concentration was 10 mM or higher. In addition, it showed strong sensitivity to cesium in the presence of nitrate and resistance to chlorate in the presence of alanine, proline, or hypoxanthine. The expression of nit-10 required nitrate induction and was subject to repression by nitrogen metabolites such as glutamine. Expression of nit-10 also required functional products of nit-2 and nit-4. The half-life of nit-10 mRNA was determined to be approximately 2.5 min.
Applying control theory in the real world: experience with building a controller for the .NET thread pool

There has been considerable interest in using control theory to build web servers, database managers, and other systems. We claim that the potential value of using control theory cannot be realized in practice without a methodology that addresses controller design, testing, and tuning. Based on our experience with building a controller for the .NET thread pool, we develop a methodology that: (a) designs for extensibility to integrate diverse control techniques, (b) scales the test infrastructure to enable running a large number of test cases, (c) constructs test cases for which the ideal controller performance is known a priori so that the outcomes of test cases can be readily assessed, and (d) tunes controller parameters to achieve good results for multiple performance metrics. We conclude by discussing how our methodology can be extended, especially to designing controllers for distributed systems.
ANXIETY, ENTHUSIASM, AND THE VOTE: THE EMOTIONAL UNDERPINNINGS OF LEARNING AND INVOLVEMENT DURING PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGNS

B J y incorporating emotionality, we propose to enrich information-processing models of citizens' behavior during election campaigns. We demonstrate that two distinct dynamic emotional responses play influential roles during election campaigns: anxiety and enthusiasm. Anxiety, responding to threat and novelty, stimulates attention toward the campaign and political learning and discourages reliance on habitual cues for voting. Enthusiasm powerfully influences candidate preferences and stimulates interest and involvement in the campaign. The findings support a theoretical perspective that regards cognitive and emotional processes as mutually engaged and mutually supportive rather than as antagonistic. We suggest that the democratic process may not be undermined by emotionality as is generally presupposed. Instead, we believe that people use emotions as tools for efficient information processing and thus enhance their abilities to engage in meaningful political deliberation.
Current and lifetime incidence of psychiatric disorders among a group of extremity sarcoma survivors.

Abstract Thirty-five survivors of extremity sarcomas being followed in a University-Hospital orthopedic clinic were evaluated for current and lifetime presence of psychiatric disorders. Patients were assessed for cognitive abilities using the Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination and for psychiatric disorders using a structured interview format, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime version. The criteria for psychiatric disorders were the Research Diagnostic Criteria. Two patients were excluded because of cognitive deficiencies; thirty-three patients (mean age=37.7 yr) were formally evaluated at a mean time of 2.6 yr following cancer diagnosis and surgery. Forty-five per cent of patients were given the diagnosis of at least one lifetime psychiatric disorder. Fifteen per cent of patients reported a current episode. Affective disorders and alcoholism were the most frequently reported disorders.
Flow melanges: Numerical modeling and geologic constraints on their origin in the Franciscan subduction complex, California

In northern California, the central belt of the Franciscan subduction complex of late Mesozoic to early Tertiary age is largely a zone of chaotically mixed pelitic-matrix melange. The melange contains a diverse assemblage of rocks of various sizes and degrees; of metamorphism. The most abundant rock types are graywacke and greenstone, but the exotics such as blueschist and eclogite are the most distinctive rocks in the belt. The melange belt is traceable for hundreds of kilometres along strike and is up to tens of kilometres wide. Elongate fragments of most rock types show pinch and swell structure that grades into boudinage. This suggests they behaved as relatively rigid bodies in a ductilely deforming matrix. The general planar preferred orientation of elongate blocks, development of foliation in the matrix, wide separation of blocks, and chaotic mixing indicate that large amounts of flow occurred during melange formation. The major mineralogy of the matrix is quartz + albite + chlorite + white mica and rarely kaolinite. Minor amounts of pumpellyite and lawsonite are present. Comparison with burial metamorphic sequences and other blueschist terranes indicates that most of the blocks and matrix are compatible with conditions of metamorphism in the range of 100 A model is proposed in which the pelitic matrix melanges of the Franciscan represent zones where flow, driven by the movement of the descending plate, occurred in the accreted sediment pile. When flow occurs in a low-angle corner, a forced convection drives material back to the surface and transports blocks of blueschist and eclogite upward. A varied assemblage develops because fragments of various lithologies and grades of metamorphism are plucked from many points along the walls of the melange wedge and added to subducted material. Laminar flow causes particles to be dispersed. Most large clasts are broken into smaller, rounded fragments by boudinaging as the melange turns the corner to flow back towards the surface. Mixing is enhanced because differences in block size and density cause differential settling of large blocks within the nonuniform velocity field. Oblique convergence cause;s blocks to take helical paths and may explain the dispersal of blocks such as eclogite along the length of the Franciscan from a few localized sources. The thermal regime in a mature flow melange is such that the downward and upward P-T paths of contained material almost coincide. This accounts for the retrograde blueschist facies metamorphism of the high-grade blocks such as eclogite. The Franciscan melange belt was probably initially produced by the subduction and deformation of a thick continental margin sequence with a high shale/sandstone ratio (the “Knoxville”). Similar chaotic zones that do not contain exotic blocks in other subduction complexes, may have originated as small flow melanges that developed in wide-angle wedges that did not go to great depth.
JLS: a pedagogically targeted logic design and simulation tool

JLS is a GUI-based digital logic simulation tool specifically designed for use in a wide range of digital logic and computer organization courses. It is comparable in features and functionality to commercial products, but includes many student and instructor-friendly aspects not found in those products such as state-machine and truth table editors, extensive error checking, and multiple simulation result views. Students quickly become proficient in its use, enabling them to concentrate on circuit design and debugging issues. The circuit drawing interface is convenient enough to allow instructors to use it for classroom presentations, and circuits can be modified and tested so quickly that it promotes exploring alternatives not prepared for in advance.
Megalodiscus temperatus: comparative radioautography of glucose-3H and galactose-3H incorporation.

Abstract Whole worms and slices of the trematode, Megalodiscus temperatus, were incubated for varying periods of time in media containing either galactose-3H or glucose-3H. Using radioautographic techniques for light and electron microscopy, the distribution of the label of galactose-3H was compared with that of glucose-3H. Three morphological areas were used in the comparison, the subtegumental cells, the subtegumental musculature, and the tegument with glycocalyx. The glucose label was incorporated only into the subtegumental musculature, the galactose label was incorporated primarily into the subtegumental cells and the tegument with glycocalyx. Galactose label was located first over the Golgi area and later over the rod-shaped vesicles in the tegument and glycocalyx. Whole worms incubated in the various media did not display label even after 5 hr of incubation. It is suggested that in the natural state, the only mechanism by which precursors of glycogen and other complex carbohydrates can be introduced into the worm is by way of ingested food, and the tegument and glycocalyx of Megalodiscus temperatus are probably protective in function. It is further hypothesized that the galactose is incorporated into the neutral mucopolysaccharide comprising the glycocalyx, and this incorporation occurs initially in the Golgi region of the subtegumental cells.
Serum follistatin levels predict the extent of liver regeneration after hepatectomy in human and rat models

Abstract Introduction: Extensive hepatectomy in an attempt to obtain cure for large liver tumors may cause liver failure. Therefore, a marker to predict an adequate regeneration is needed. We have recently published that activin, a member of TGF-beta superfamily, is one of the key factors that inhibits liver regeneration in vivo using adenovirus-mediated overexpression of follistatin, an activin antagonist. These results lead us to investigate the usefulness of endogenous follistatin levels in a clinical setting. Here, we demonstrate serum follistatin levels predict the outcome after hepatectomy in both animal and human models. Methods: Rats underwent either 95% (mortal group) or 90% (survival group) removal of the liver. Serum follistatin levels were measured by ELISA serially after hepatectomy in both rats and patients with liver cancer. The liver volume was measured by CT 28 days after hepatectomy. Results: There was a significant difference between mortal and survival model in bilirubin levels 48 hours after surgery, but not in the other liver function tests. On the other hand, follistatin levels were significantly elevated only in the mortal group 24 hours after surgery. Similar remarkable elevation of follistatin level was observed in a patient who died from post-hepatectomy liver failure. Furthermore, follistatin levels decreased significantly after hepatectomy and the levels at POD 1 and 3 correlated inversely with the degree of increase in the volume of the remaining liver in humans. Conclusions: Serum follistatin levels represent a novel early detection marker for liver failure after hepatectomy, and it decreases in proportion to the degree of liver regeneration.
Free field earthquake ground motions: effects of various numerical simulation approaches on soil-structure interaction results

Abstract Numerical analyses of dynamic soil-structure interaction treat small domains of interest, and employ special boundary conditions for accurately simulating the ground motions that occurred in the real site. The accuracy of the free field motion simulation is expected to have an effect on the response of the structural systems under consideration, and several approaches for such simulations have been proposed and used by various researchers. The present study was aimed to investigate the relationships between the type and accuracy of the free field input motion generation, and the resulting effects on the corresponding structures. Three types of free field simulations were employed for the analyses of three typical soil-structure configurations, and the results clearly show that the simulation accuracy is a critical factor in such studies. Furthermore, it is shown that some of the traditional methods for free field motion simulation in soil-structure interaction analyses may lead to significant underestimations of structural response levels, and anticipated system damage.
Decomposition of sugars under non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge plasma

Abstract Solutions of ribose, glucose, and sucrose in water and phosphate buffer were treated with non-thermal plasma generated by using a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) device and the oxidation products were characterized by 1H NMR and GC–MS. Our results demonstrate that these sugars are decomposed to formic acid, glycolic acid, glyceric acid, tartronic acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid after direct exposure to DBD plasma. The concentrations of these compounds are time-dependent with plasma treatment. The decomposition mechanisms of these sugars under the DBD plasma are also proposed in this study.
Analysis of the Ross Ice Shelf Airstream Forcing Mechanisms Using Self-Organizing Maps

AbstractThe Ross Ice Shelf airstream (RAS), a prominent transport mechanism of cold, continental air to the north, is the most common wind pattern over the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The forcing mechanisms of the RAS include katabatic drainage, mesoscale forcing, and synoptic forcing. This paper uses the 15-km output from the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) and the method of self-organizing maps (SOM) to analyze how the combination of these forcing mechanisms impacts the strength and position of the RAS. It is found that the strength and position of the RAS is mainly driven by the thermal forcing in the region of the Transantarctic Mountains. This forcing includes the pressure gradient associated with cold air pooling at the base of the Transantarctic Mountains, as well as, the pressure gradient associated with the temperature contrast between the cold air located over the East Antarctic Plateau and the warm ambient air over the Ross Ice Shelf. These forcing mechanisms are analyzed in a regi...
Shattering transitions in collision-induced fragmentation

We investigate the kinetics of nonlinear collision-induced fragmentation. We obtain the fragment mass distribution analytically by utilizing its traveling wave behavior. The system undergoes a shattering transition in which a finite fraction of the mass is lost to infinitesimal fragments (dust). The nature of the shattering transition depends on the fragmentation process. When the larger of the two colliding fragments splits, the transition is discontinuous and the entire mass is transformed into dust at the transition point. When the smaller fragment splits, the transition is continuous with the dust gaining mass steadily on the account of the fragments. At the transition point, the fragment mass distribution diverges algebraically for small masses, c(m) approximately m(-alpha), with alpha=1.201 91 em leader.
Stock Structure of Rainbow Smelt in Western Lake Superior: Biochemical Genetics

Abstract Serum transferrin (TFN) and glucosephosphate isomerase from white muscle were examined in rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax from Lake Superior and from nine tributary streams along the lake's Minnesota shoreline. Significant differences in allelic frequencies at the TFN locus were observed among locations. These differences suggest either that there are at least three discrete populations along the Minnesota shoreline or that differential selection for TFN alleles occurs within the lake. Received August 30, 1983 Accepted August 24, 1984
Retrofitting: Learning Theory and Instructional Design in Marriage and Family Counseling Curricula

As marriage and family counselor educators, many current trainers focus on issues related to counseling theory, special issues, and techniques. This practice tends to be atheoretical in relation to instructional design and creates difficulties for marriage and family counseling students and clinicians as learners. This article proposes an integrative, comprehensive model of instructional design, using concepts based in learning theory and development. When implemented, this model can provide a consistent, developmentally sensitive training curriculum for marriage and family counseling students and educators.