cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tell Me Your Story: Narrative Inquiry in LIS Research

Narrative inquiry, a phenomenological qualitative research methodology, examines individual human experiences—stories. Yet, researchers in Library and Information Science (LIS)—a human-focused profession—have infrequently used it. This article introduces narrative inquiry and provides a literature review of the few LIS studies using it. Next, it extrapolates on Coralie McCormack’s “storying stories,” a multifaceted approach used to analyze narrative inquiry research data. Finally, the article outlines potential uses for narrative inquiry in LIS research.
Innovations in the science of suicide

Globally, close to 800,000 individuals die by suicide each year. A scientific understanding of suicidal thoughts and behaviors have been slow to emerge owing to a number of challenges including low base rates, complexity and nonlinearity, low precision and accuracy of identification and detection methods, and variability across social and environmental contexts. To overcome these challenges, researchers have developed increasingly innovative and creative methods to overcome these challenges. These innovations hold considerable promise for advancing the science of suicide via large leaps forward rather than incremental steps. In this special issue of Behaviour Research and Therapy, we highlight several such efforts.
Confidence in knowledge discussing fertility changes with cancer treatment

e20540 Purpose: Infertility can be a devastating side effect of cancer treatment in younger women, but approximately one third of young women fail to recall a discussion of such issues with their o...
Let’s Talk Sports: An Egocentric Discussion Network Analysis Regarding NFL Crisis Perceptions:

This egocentric discussion network analysis examines American sports fans’ crisis perceptions regarding four National Football League (NFL) crises. The purpose of this research was to examine how s...
Sexual Satisfaction and Mental Health in Mixed-Orientation Relationships: A Mormon Sample of Sexual Minority Partners

This study explored predictors of sexual satisfaction for sexual minorities within mixed-orientation relationships (MOR) currently affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (L...
Security and Privacy in Smart Farming: Challenges and Opportunities

Internet of Things (IoT) and smart computing technologies have revolutionized every sphere of 21st century humans. IoT technologies and the data driven services they offer were beyond imagination just a decade ago. Now, they surround us and influence a variety of domains such as automobile, smart home, healthcare, etc. In particular, the Agriculture and Farming industries have also embraced this technological intervention. Smart devices are widely used by a range of people from farmers to entrepreneurs. These technologies are used in a variety of ways, from finding real-time status of crops and soil moisture content to deploying drones to assist with tasks such as applying pesticide spray. However, the use of IoT and smart communication technologies introduce a vast exposure to cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities in smart farming environments. Such cyber attacks have the potential to disrupt the economies of countries that are widely dependent on agriculture. In this paper, we present a holistic study on security and privacy in a smart farming ecosystem. The paper outlines a multi layered architecture relevant to the precision agriculture domain and discusses the security and privacy issues in this dynamic and distributed cyber physical environment. Further more, the paper elaborates on potential cyber attack scenarios and highlights open research challenges and future directions.
Chapter 10 – Utility Maximization

Indirect utility and the Marshallian demand correspondence are formally defined and the fundamental implications for them of the price-taking utility maximization behavioral postulate are established. A version of the Envelope Theorem yields Roy’s Identity relating indirect utility and Marshallian demand. Additional properties arising from additional features of preferences are explored. The exact relationship between a utility maximum and an expenditure minimum is proven, leading to the Hicks-Slutsky Decomposition with symmetry and negative semidefiniteness of the Hicks-Slutsky substitution matrix. Comparative statics of Marshallian demands are derived, including the elasticity identities and definitions of normal, inferior, and Giffen goods based on substitution and income effects.
Resistance to lorlatinib in ROS1 fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer.

9611Background: Lorlatinib is a potent, brain-penetrant ROS1/ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), which has demonstrated efficacy in advanced ROS1 fusion-positive (ROS1+) non-small cell lung cancer...
Decadal dynamics of dry alpine meadows under nitrogen and phosphorus additions

Plants often exhibit positive responses to multiple nutrient additions, but generalities about the life form and traits of the most responsive species are few. Findings from long-term experiments in dry meadow alpine tundra in Colorado, USA, were used here to examine univariate and multivariate analyses of plant and plant trait responses. We found transient responses for community richness–biomass relationships, but a consistent increase in forb dominance in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition plots. The response seen in the N + P plots was not affected by additions of micronutrients or potassium. Multivariate analyses corroborate transient responses in community shifts over shorter-time scales, and directional shifts in N + P over two decades. Using species-level aboveground trait data when available, we found N + P may favor species with resource-acquisitive traits, regardless of their lifeform, as well as relatively tall grasses, regardless of their resource strategy. In the absence of N and P limitation but with the environmental constraints found in dry alpine meadows, plant richness and community structure continued to exhibit transient states for decadal time frames.
Extended Endocrine Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: How Do We Decide?

While the majority of hormone receptor–positive breast cancers are diagnosed at an early stage, a significant proportion of patients will develop disease recurrence, especially late disease recurrence, despite current therapeutic approaches. In this review, we examine the data pertaining to the choice of endocrine and extended endocrine therapy, outline how to identify patients that may benefit from extended therapy, and discuss prognostic tools to assist with patient selection. The risk of breast cancer recurrence persists after 5 years, is cumulative, and is indefinite. In attempts to mitigate these risks, studies have evaluated the use of extended endocrine therapy. Overall survival benefit has been demonstrated with extended tamoxifen, whereas extended aromatase inhibitors have shown modest disease-free survival benefit. Therapeutic approaches for individual patients will depend on the perceived risk of recurrence, likely benefit of extended therapy, tolerability of current endocrine therapy, and patient preference.
RFID-based unsupervised apnea detection in health care system

Abstract With the aging population in many parts of the world, low-cost, easy-to-deploy health-care technologies, such as vital sign monitoring (e.g., respiration) and abnormal respiration detection, have attracted increasing attention. To overcome the limitations of traditional respiration rate monitors, various respiration monitoring systems have been proposed recently. Among these techniques, the RFID-based technique called AutoTag utilizes attached cheap RFID tags to monitor human breathing. Furthermore, considering the challenge and cost of collecting labeled training data from patients with breathing problems, a recurrent variational autoencoder, which is an unsupervised learning approach, has been adopted in the system for abnormal breathing detection. We present the design of the AutoTag system, its prototype implementation, and experimental results in this chapter. It provides a low-cost, effective solution to contact-free vital sign monitoring.
Rapid Service-Oriented Business Process Generation Method Based on Ontology

Service-oriented business process generation is a key activity in the ServiceOriented Architecture(SOA) business lifecycle, and most of the other activities such as application execution depend on the business process being developed. After the business requirements are acquired, a developer has to use specific programming technologies to orchestrate web services to generate a deployable business process. It is time-consuming to specify all the business processes from lowlevel web services, especially for an enterprise that focuses on a series of similar businesses.This paper proposes a rapid service-oriented business process generation method with domain-specific assets specified in ontology systems. Assets with different levels of granularity are reused to refine the high level business process framework for executable business processes using the Business Process Executional Language(BPEL). The new methodology significantly simplifies service-oriented business process generation by reusing assets to construct business processes. A business process generation tool is also implemented to support the efficient visual design of SOA processes with the proposed method. This paper verifies the proposed method using a shipment tracking case. The studies show that the number of reusable assets increases significantly as these projects progress, and the business process generation speed also increases at the same time.
Modeling long-term distribution of fast and thermal neutron fluence in degraded concrete biological shielding walls

Abstract Since neutron radiation can deteriorate mechanical properties of the concrete materials, it’s critical to obtain accurate neutron radiation levels in concrete structures during their service live. A two-group neutron diffusion model for fast and thermal neutron transport is developed in this study which considers the kinetic energy of the neutron more realistically. Based on the cross-property correlation theory, the variation of transport properties of concrete can be estimated using the degradation of mechanical properties of concrete, then, the thermal and fast neutron radiation fields with two representative energy levels as well as the thermal field in a concrete bioshield can be calculated. Coupled radio-thermo analysis of a section of simplified concrete bioshield was performed to 80 years as a case study, and the results were discussed and compared with the results from the one-speed model. The degradation of concrete induced by neutron radiation and elevated temperature can lead to considerable increases of thermal and fast neutron flux/fluence in the concrete. The profiles of thermal neutron flux/fluence are very different from the profiles of fast neutron flux/fluence. A proper treatment of the neutron energy dependence is needed to predict long-term neutron radiation levels in concrete biological shields accurately.
Coupled Graph ODE for Learning Interacting System Dynamics

Many real-world systems such as social networks and moving planets are dynamic in nature, where a set of coupled objects are connected via the interaction graph and exhibit complex behavior along the time. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic can be considered as a dynamical system, where objects represent geographical locations (e.g., states) whose daily confirmed cases of infection evolve over time. Outbreak at one location may influence another location as people travel between these locations, forming a graph. Thus, how to model and predict the complex dynamics for these systems becomes a critical research problem. Existing work on modeling graph-structured data mostly assumes a static setting. How to handle dynamic graphs remains to be further explored. On one hand, features of objects change over time, influenced by the linked objects in the interaction graph. On the other hand, the graph itself can also evolve, where new interactions (links) may form and existing links may drop, which may in turn be affected by the dynamic features of objects. In this paper, we propose coupled graph ODE: a novel latent ordinary differential equation (ODE) generative model that learns the coupled dynamics of nodes and edges with a graph neural network (GNN) based ODE in a continuous manner. Our model consists of two coupled ODE functions for modeling the dynamics of edges and nodes based on their latent representations respectively. It employs a novel encoder parameterized by a GNN for inferring the initial states from historical data, which serves as the starting point of the predicted latent trajectories. Experiment results on the COVID-19 dataset and the simulated social network dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
SAND: a static analysis approach for detecting SQL antipatterns

Local databases underpin important features in many mobile applications, such as responsiveness in the face of poor connectivity. However, failure to use such databases correctly can lead to high resource consumption or even security vulnerabilities. We present SAND, an extensible static analysis approach that checks for misuse of local databases, also known as SQL antipatterns, in mobile apps. SAND features novel abstractions for common forms of application/database interactions, which enables concise and precise specification of the antipatterns that SAND checks for. To validate the efficacy of SAND, we have experimented with a diverse suite of 1,000 Android apps. We show that the abstractions that power SAND allow concise specification of all the known antipatterns from the literature (12-74 LOC), and that the antipatterns are modeled accurately (99.4-100% precision). As for performance, SAND requires on average 41 seconds to complete a scan on a mobile app.
Cryo-EM Structure of Rotavirus VP3 Reveals Novel Insights into Its Role in RNA Capping and Endogenous Transcription

Rotavirus, a global causative agent of life-threatening gastroenteritis, is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus in the family Reoviridae. A common feature in this family of viruses, containing multiple dsRNA segments, is their ability to transcribe the genomic segments within the capsid interior and extrude the capped mRNA. In rotavirus the 5’ capping of the RNA Is carried out by the structural protein VP3. Here, using a combination of cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography, we describe how rotavirus VP3 with multiple domains integrates as many as five enzymatic activities for the RNA capping activity.
Underserved Pacific Islanders With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Receive Higher Rates of Standard-of-Care Radiation Treatment Through the Pacific Island Health Care Project and Military Health System Compared to the Average U.S. Population.

INTRODUCTION Brachytherapy, with external beam radiation, increases survival in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). In 2016, Robin et al. reported only 44% of patients received standard-of-care (SOC) brachytherapy in the USA. The Pacific Island Health Care Project has provided humanitarian medical care to women from the U.S. Associated Pacific Islands (USAPI) for three decades at Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC), a military health care system (MHS) facility. We evaluated whether this underserved and understudied patient population received SOC treatment for LACC at TAMC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The TAMC tumor registry was searched for all cervical cancer cases from 1997 to 2019. Subjects were excluded if they did not have stage IB2-IVA disease and were not from USAPI. The primary outcome was the overall utilization of brachytherapy, and statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS We identified 214 women with cervical cancer treated at TAMC, of which 67 met the study criteria. Ninety-two percent had squamous cell carcinoma on histology. Of the patients identified, 48 (71.6%, P < .001) were treated with brachytherapy. Fifteen (22.4%) patients received external radiation alone, and four (6.0%) received chemoradiation without brachytherapy. A post-hoc power analysis was conducted with a power of 91.3%. CONCLUSIONS Women with cervical cancer from USAPI in the PIHCP program treated at TAMC received significantly higher rates of SOC radiation treatment than the U.S. population on average. This highlights the ability of PIHCP, through the MHS, to deliver SOC treatment for cervical cancer to an otherwise underserved patient population.
Long-Arm Wrestling with Pennsylvania's Jurisdiction over Nonresident Individuals: The Reach of Section 8305

it is difficult to understand the rationale of this requirement since it would seem that jurisdiction over a nonresident would be more appropriate when his activity occurred within, rather than outside of, the forum state the in-state activity necessarily increasing due process "minimum contacts." No theoretical problem exists, of course, if all out-of-state activity which would subject a nonresident to jurisdiction under section 8305 would also, if the activity took place within the state, subject the nonresident to jurisdiction under some other provision of the long-arm statute. However, under present interpretations of the Pennsylvania long-arm statute, it would appear that there would be some situations in which out-of-state activity which would have satisfied the requirements of section 8305, would not, if it had occurred within the state, have satisfied the requirements of any provision of the present long-arm statute. An example of this might be taken from the factual situation presented in Rosen v. Solomon. Rosen involved a suit by a Pennsylvania resident against a California resident for the alleged breach of a stock option agreement. 67 The defendant's attorney 64. PA. STAT. ANN. tit. 42, § 8305 (Supp. 1975). For the text of this section, see note 6 supra. 65. See notes 24-28 and accompanying text supra. 66. 374 F. Supp. 915, 919 (E.D. Pa. 1974). 67. Id. at 917. [VOL. 21 11 Burley: Long-Arm Wrestling with Pennsylvania's Jurisdiction over Nonresid Published by Villanova University School of Law Digital Repository, 1976
The phish-market protocol: securely sharing attack data between competitors

A key way in which banks mitigate the effects of phishing is to remove fraudulent websites or suspend abusive domain names. This ‘take-down’ is often subcontracted to specialist firms. Prior work has shown that these take-down companies refuse to share ‘feeds’ of phishing website URLs with each other, and consequently, many phishing websites are not removed because the firm with the take-down contract remains unaware of their existence. The take-down companies are reticent to exchange feeds, fearing that competitors with less comprehensive lists might ‘free-ride’ off their efforts by not investing resources to find new websites, as well as use the feeds to poach clients. In this paper, we propose the Phish-Market protocol, which enables companies with less comprehensive feeds to learn about websites impersonating their own clients that are held by other firms. The protocol is designed so that the contributing firm is compensated only for those websites affecting its competitor’s clients and only those previously unknown to the receiving firm. Crucially, the protocol does not reveal to the contributing firm which URLs are needed by the receiver, as this is viewed as sensitive information by take-down firms. Using complete lists of phishing URLs obtained from two large take-down companies, our elliptic-curve-based implementation added a negligible average 5 second delay to securely share URLs.
Multiple‐Resonance Multi‐Dimensional Solid‐State NMR of Proteins

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Local Field 3 Separation of Local Fields 4 Multidimensional Solid-State NMR Correlation Spectroscopy 5 PISA Wheels 6 Calculations for Protein Structure Determination from Solid-State NMR Data 7 Application to the Three-Dimensional Structure of the Acetylcholine M2 Peptide in Lipid Bilayers 8 Summary 9 Acknowledgements 10 Biographical Sketch
Structures and properties of Si13 isomers

Abstract The structures and properties of several Si13 clusters are studied using density functional calculations. The calculation results show that a newly discovered structure with Cs symmetry is energetically most favorable. Our calculation also provides detailed information about the electronic and vibrational properties of the clusters which are useful for understanding the structure and stability of the cluster.
The Challenges of Defining 'News Literacy'

This research brief is a contribution by the Youth and Media Team at the Berkman Center to the first "Why News Matters" grantees workshop sponsored by the McCormick Foundation and organized by the Educational Development Center, Inc., which took place on March 8 and March 11, 2013, in Chicago. Informed by our own research and practice, with a focus on 'news literacy', the brief seeks to stimulate a discussion among the grantees about different approaches to defining, framing, and understanding core concepts such as 'news' and 'news literacy', and to provide a frame of reference for a debate about the question of 'why news matters'.
From the Ivory Tower to the Glass House: Access to 'De-Identified' Public University Admission Records

Admissions processes at public universities are too often and too extensively shielded from public view, which minimizes these schools’ accountability to the public and obstructs legitimate inquiry into government policies in politically volatile areas such as affirmative action. though officials of “ivory tower” public institutions often invoke privacy law to justify this shield against disclosure, that law is mistakenly applied in this context. The specter of individual student privacy should not, and need not, prevent the sunshine of public scrutiny from filtering through the glass house of the public university admissions office. This article explains how state and federal laws, including a newly proposed rule of the U.S. Department of Education, already harmonize needs for both privacy and access in permitting or requiring the disclosure of “de-identified” student data.
Gene expression and parental dominance in hybrid plants.

Genomic imprinting, where the genes from one parent have different expression properties to those of the other parent, occurs in plants. It has potentially significant consequences because of the importance of hybrids in plant evolution and plant breeding, and provides a mechanism that can hide genetic variation for many generations. The study of nuclear organization shows that chromosome and genome position relates to imprinting in F 1 hybrids, with peripheral genomes tending to be expressed preferentially. In some inbred, polyploid hybrids, such as Triticale (a wheat × rye hybrid), treatment with the demethylation agent azacytidine releases hidden variation, which was perhaps lost because of imprinting phenomena.
An anthropomorphic software breast phantom for tomosynthesis simulation: power spectrum analysis of phantom projections

We have performed spectral analysis of simulated tomosynthesis projections generated using an anthropomorphic software breast phantom Twenty phantoms were generated: ten 450 ml phantoms with 40% glandular fraction and ten 1500 ml phantoms with 20% glandular fraction Simulated mammographic compression and acquisition was performed using monoenergetic ray-tracing ROIs were extracted and the modulus-squared 2D FFT was applied to each ROI to obtain periodograms Radially-averaged periodograms were compared between phantom and clinical images We observed a good agreement between the spectral power law exponents (β) calculated from phantom projections and clinical images.
Construct Validity of the Community College Survey of Student Engagement (CCSSE)

The use of established scales in research is beneficial for benchmarking, but problematic when local results are invalid, both for local administrators and for the data pool in which the data become part. Administrators at one southeastern community college, as part of a statewide system's effort to exceed a given threshold on the Community College Survey of Student Engagement (CCSSE), focused on the importance of local validation of an instrument assumed to be valid.
The "Hearing Aid Effect" 2005

Purpose: The visibility of open ear (OE) styles of hearing instruments was rigorously investigated for their potential to reduce the stigma of wearing hearing aids. Method: Three groups of 50 young...
Helmholtz in Gilded-Age America: The International Electrical Congress of 1893 and the Relations of Science and Technology.

Summary This essay recounts Hermann von Helmholtz's trip to represent Germany at the International Electrical Congress in Chicago in 1893 as well as his reception by various members of the American scientific, technological, and cultural elite in several other American cities. In doing so, it seeks to portray something of the vitality of the youthful and increasingly important American scientific community; of the strong relationship between American and German scientists, including how Helmholtz used and was used by them and various other members of the American elite to promote science and culture in America as well as to promote his own and German interests; and, finally, of what many considered to be the close interactions between science and technology in the late nineteenth century. In short, the essay seeks to use Helmholtz's trip to capture a sense of the broader relationship among science, the nation-state, and cultural elites in Gilded-Age America and between Germany and America.
Who blogs what: understanding the publishing behavior of bloggers

Are bloggers' topical coverages related to their contributions, impacts, and publishing styles in the blogosphere? We investigated this question by grouping bloggers on the basis of their topical coverages and comparing their publishing behaviors. From a blog website with more than 370,000 posts, we first identified two types of bloggers: specialists and generalists. Then we studied and compared their respective publishing behaviors in the blogosphere. Our analysis suggested that bloggers with different topical coverages do behave in different ways. Specialists generally make more contributions than generalists. Specialists also tend to publish more on weekdays, during business hours, and on a more regular basis. We also revealed that specialists also have different publishing behaviors, with only a small fraction creating a large "buzz" or producing a voluminous output. As blogs start to gain more business value, an extensive analysis like ours can help various stakeholders in the blogosphere maximize their share of the value chain.
Towards incorporating impact losses into random vibration analyses : a model problem

Abstract A benchmark model random vibration problem is considered for an SDOF system with a one-sided inelastic barrier at its equilibrium position under Gaussian white-noise excitation. An analytical solution is obtained for an expected response energy by cycle-to-cycle application of the method of moments with successive conditional and unconditional averaging. The solution, valid both for small and `not very small' impact losses, leads to a formula for the equivalent viscous damping factor, which may be used to account for impact losses. Monte-Carlo simulation results show that this formula provides generally better accuracy than one obtained by stochastic averaging. They also illustrate applicability of the formula for certain more complicated random vibration problems.
The role of hormones in human behavior. III. Changes in female sexuality after hypophysectomy.

ABSTRACT A study was made of the sexual functioning of women with metastatic breast cancer who had undergone hypophysectomy as a therapeutic measure to check the progress of the disease. The study was divided into two phases. In the first phase, 20 women, mean age 51 years, were interviewed before and after hypophysectomy with regard to their sexual functioning. In the second phase, 30 women, mean age 51 years, were studied after hypophysectomy. Emphasis was placed on three aspects of sexual behavior, i.e., desire, activity and gratification. Of the 30 women in the second phase, 23 had previously undergone mastectomy, and 7 oophorectomy; the sexual reactions to all three types of surgery were investigated. Results indicated that neither mastectomy nor oophorectomy had a significant influence on the sexual functioning of these women, whereas hypophysectomy resulted in a sharp decrease of sexual desire, activity and gratification. It was concluded that absence of the tropic pituitary hormone which activates...
High performance poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibre properties achieved via high speed spinning with a modified liquid isothermal bath process

Abstract A liquid isothermal bath (LIB) was used in the spinline to produce high performance poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibres at high speed melt spinning in a one step process. The take-up stress was measured under various spinning conditions. It was found that maximum applicable take-up stress was determined by the state or morphology of the filament before entering the liquid bath. To render the filament more amenable to a preferred morphological texture prior to its entry into the liquid bath, a small amount of hot liquid was applied to the running filament at a position upstream of the liquid bath. The results show that rapid cooling leads to a non-uniform fibre structure and the loss of subsequent filament deformability. However, the prolongation of attenuation, attendant the heating of the filament before entering the liquid bath, induced uniform radial structure and an increase of deformability. Then the maximum operable liquid depth within the LIB could be attained. Furthermore, the delay of attenuation in the upper portion of the liquid bath and the attendant increase of stress within the liquid bath also resulted in an increase of the tensile properties. The modified LIB process was suggested as a further control of the temperature profile upstream of the liquid bath. High tenacity (9.7 g d−1), high modulus (>120 g−1) and high load at a specified elongation of 5% (LASE-5) (>4 g d−1) PET of as-spun fibres are achievable using the modified LIB one step process. The as-spun fibres produced with the modified LIB process have high amorphous orientation, low crystallinity and relatively large crystalline size. After drawing and annealing, the fibres exhibit desirable characteristics of high tenacity (>11 g d−1), high modulus (>140 g d−1), high LASE-5 (5.8 g d−1), and low shrinkage (
Equine osteoarthritis: a brief review of the disease and its causes

Degenerative joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis, adversely impact the health of the equine athlete as well as the economics of the equine industry. Our understanding of the aetiology of osteoarthritis, although not nearly exhaustive, has increased substantially in recent years. Molecules, including cytokines, inflammatory mediators, and metalloproteinases, have been identified and associated with the progression of joint disease. Several factors, including trauma to the joint, immobilization, conformation, shoeing, and ageing, have been linked with osteoarthritis. Our continued efforts into elucidating critical biological mediators and risk factors, coupled with better chondroprotective therapies and diagnostic tools, should facilitate our ability to maintain the skeletal health of the equine athlete
Interorganizational Determinants of Promotion: Client Leadership and the Attainment of Women Attorneys:

Explanations of gender inequality typically emphasize individual characteristics, the structure of internal labor markets, or pressures from the institutional environment. Extending the structuralist and institutional perspectives, this article argues that the demographic composition of an organization's exchange partners can influence the demographic composition of the focal organization when the focal organization is dependent upon its partners. Specifically, law firms with women-led corporate clients increase the number of partners who are women attorneys. Data on elite law firms and their publicly traded clients support a bargaining power hypothesis whereby law firms promote women attorneys when their corporate clients have women in three key leadership positions: general (legal) counsel, chief executive officer, and board director. These effects are stronger when the law firm has few clients, reinforcing the hypothesis that interorganizational influence is more vital when a focal organization is depe...
Group counseling versus behavior therapy in treatment of college underachievement

Abstract Of the 15 investigations of group counseling with underachievers reviewed by Chestnut (1965), only two reported achieving demonstrable changes in academic performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of behavior therapy procedures against a traditional group counseling approach in the modification and treatment of the problem of college underachievement. Underachieving college students were assigned to either counseling or behavior therapy groups. The focus of the counseling group was on the student's attitudes and feelings associated with performance in college and his interpersonal role within and without the group setting. In accordance with traditional counseling techniques, direct advice and suggestion for improvement of classroom study and test-taking habits was also presented. The role of maladaptive study and test anxiety and the use of systematic desensitization for reduction of anxiety were discussed in the behavior therapy group. Relaxation training, hierarchy construction, desensitization, and suggestions for improving study methods were the major features of the behavior therapy group.
Clomiphene protects against osteoporosis in the mature ovariectomized rat

Clomiphene citrate, a mixed estrogen agonist-antagonist, protects mature ovariectomized breeder rats from changes in total body calcium and from deterioration of femur structure. Over 6 months, mature ovariectomized rats took up calcium at the rate of 0.7 ± 0.5 mg/day, while normal controls gained 2.5±0.7 mg/day (mean±SE) as measured by whole body neutron activation analysis. Injections of clomiphene (20 mg/kg/week) kept ovariectomized rats in positive calcium balance at 2.0±0.5 mg/day. Reductions in total femur calcium content, cortical thickness, and visible trabeculae of femurs in ovariectomized animals were prevented by chronic clomiphene administration. These results in animals suggest a possible new line of investigation of the use of antiestrogenic drugs as therapeutic agents for hormone-dependent osteoporosis in animals and humans.
Alteration of perlite to calcium zeolites

Hydrothermal synthesis of calcium zeolites by alteration of perlite (a rhyolitic glass) is presented. Synthetic versions of the zeolites gismondine, epistilbite and heulandite are synthesized from perlite using calcium-containing solutions, and the effects of the solution phase, pH and temperature on the distribution of the zeolitic products obtained are discussed. Transient formation of a gismondine-type zeolite during transformation of perlite to heulandite suggests a novel synthesis route for the crystallization of heulandite-type zeolites from synthetic zeolite P1.
Validity in Organizational Research: A Heuristic Model.

This article outlines the role of the HRD practitioner as organizational research investigator and describes a model for validating measurement instruments, constructs, and strategies in organizational research. The authors review theoretical and conceptual foundations for validating organizational research and present a validation model anchored in communication theory. Common errors and current issues in validation of measurement in HRD research and practice are identified, and uses of the heuristic validation model are illustrated.
Further studies on the treatment of streptococcal skin infection

Erythromycin, phenoxymethyl penicillin, and intramuscularly administered benzathine penicillin G were compared in the treatment of 708 patients with bacteriologically proved streptococcal skin infection. All forms of therapy were highly effective in eradicating skin streptococci. However, benzathine penicillin G proved more effective than the oral preparations in preventing early recurrences or new cases of impetigo and in reducing streptococcal respiratory carrier rates. Acute nephritis developed in 5 of 91 children known to be infected with nephritogenic streptococci.
Preexposure to delta-9-THC blocks THC-induced conditioned taste aversion in rats.

Preexposing rats to Δ9-THC four times (a 2.0 mg/kg ip injection given every 3 days) blocked a THC-induced conditioned taste (saccharin) aversion at the same drug dosage. This Δ9-THC preexposure effect was apparent in females at a lower dosage (1.0 mg/kg less than males), suggesting greater sensitivity of females to the drug. A preexposure effect was not found at a higher drug dosage (5.0 mg/kg). Thus, the failure of a prior study to find a Δ9-THC preexposure effect probably was due to the higher drug dosage used (10 mg/kg). If drug-induced stress is the basis for conditioned taste aversion, then higher drug dosages may produce more stress than the animals can adapt to.
Speech enhancement employing adaptive boundary detection and morphological based spectral constraints

A speech enhancement algorithm which employs noise adaptive boundary detection and morphological based spectral constraints is presented. The technique is formulated in the frequency domain, and uses a speech-specific weighted subtraction factor and power exponent, followed by the application of morphological based smoothing constraints. Detected speech boundary information allows the enhancement procedure to adapt and thereby track changing speech characteristics. Morphological operators based on Minkowski (1903) set operations of addition and subtraction allow for smooth spectral transitions during phonation. Results from speech degraded by additive Gaussian noise show that the algorithm: provides superior speech quality over all speech sound classes; time-versus-LPC spectra plots show improved vocal tract characterization; and the enhancement algorithm produces higher quality versus SNR when compared to more traditional methods such as standard spectral subtraction and short-time Wiener filtering. >
Prediction of Stability in Pharmaceutical Preparations XVI: Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Canrenone and Lactonization of Canrenoic Acid

The kinetics of the hydrolysis of the lactone canrenone, 3-(3-oxo-17β-hydroxy-4,6-androstadien-17α-yl)propionic acid γ-lactone, and the lactonization of its corresponding canrenoic acid salt, potassium 3-(3-oxo-17β-hydroxy-4,6-androstadien-17α-yl)propionate, were studied by spectrophotometrically analyzing the chloroform-extracted lactone from canrenoic acid solution. The log k-pH profiles in the pH range of 1–12 in various buffer solutions at 25.0, 37.5, 45.0, 60.0, 70.0, and 79.9° show that the kinetics of lactonization include hydrogen-ion attack on the undissociated canrenoic acid molecule and a pH-independent closure of the canrenoate anion. In addition to the hydroxide-ion-catalyzed hydrolysis of the lactone, general base-catalyzed hydrolysis in carbonate buffer solution was observed and attributed to carbonate-dianion attack. The rate constants, equilibrium constants, pKa' values, solubilities, and Arrhenius' parameters were obtained. Maximum concentrations of canrenoic acid salt to maintain elegant pharmaceutical preparations are given as a function of pH.
Beta2 Agonist Therapy: Oral Versus Inhaled Delivery

Although there is a place for administering oral medication, the inhaled route of administration for both bronchodilator and prophylactic purposes has been definitely shown to be the preferred route in numerous studies. The rapid onset of action, equivalent activity, and reduction in systemic effects all should lead the clinician to this form of therapy. Care must be taken to ensure proper utilization of the different types of inhalational medication to optimize their effectiveness.
Crisis Mapping in Action: How Open Source Software and Global Volunteer Networks Are Changing the World, One Map at a Time

The purpose of this paper is to share the stories behind some extraordinary maps—live crisis maps. The paper begins by investigating what types of live communication technologies existed prior to social media technologies. The development of live crisis maps is then discussed, beginning with the Ushahidi project, which utilized live collaborative mapping during post-election violence in Kenya in 2008. Via examples from Haiti, Japan, Libya, and Somalia, the impact of social media technologies on mapping and crisis response will become clear. Each of these maps helps to inspire and revolutionize many aspects of humanitarian response.
Long-term clinical outcomes of real-world experience using sirolimus-eluting stents in saphenous vein graft disease.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for saphenous vein graft (SVG) disease. Specifically, we compared clinical endpoints of patients who received sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) versus bare-metal stents (BMS) for SVG disease. Background: A recent small randomized-controlled trial (RCT) reported increased mortality with the use of SES in SVG disease. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients who underwent SES placement for a SVG lesion(s) at our institutions over a 4-year period. The procedural and medical records were reviewed to identify predetermined clinical outcomes. Results: 318 patients who underwent SES placement for a SVG lesion were identified. 7 patients were lost to follow-up. 141/311 patients (45%) received SES, while 170/311 (55%) received BMS. At a mean follow-up of 34 months, there was a reduction in target lesion revascularization (TLR) (7% vs. 14%, P = 0.07) without an increased risk of mortality (6% vs. 12%, P = 0.06) in patients who received SES compared to patients who received BMS. When compared to the recent RCT's SES patients at long-term follow-up, our SES patients had significantly less mortality; rates of myocardial infarction, TLR, target vessel revascularization, and major adverse cardiac events; and were more likely to be taking dual antiplatelet and statin medications. Conclusion: Our results support that SES used in SVG lesions result in a reduction in TLR without an increased risk of mortality, and therefore may be an equally safe and feasible technique for revascularization with excellent long-term clinical outcomes. These patients may benefit from prolonged dual antiplatelet and statin medication regimens. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Implementing the Learning Health System: From Concept to Action

Clinicians and health systems are facing widespread challenges, including changes in care delivery, escalating health care costs, and the need to keep up with rapid scientific discovery. Reorganizing U.S. health care and changing its practices to render better, more affordable care requires transformation in how health systems generate and apply knowledge. The "rapid-learning health system"-posited as a conceptual strategy to spur such transformation-leverages recent developments in health information technology and a growing health data infrastructure to access and apply evidence in real time, while simultaneously drawing knowledge from real-world care-delivery processes to promote innovation and health system change on the basis of rigorous research. This article describes an evolving learning health system at Group Health Cooperative, the 6 phases characterizing its approach, and examples of organization-wide applications. This practical model promotes bidirectional discovery and an open mind at the system level, resulting in willingness to make changes on the basis of evidence that is both scientifically sound and practice-based. Rapid learning must be valued as a health system property to realize its full potential for knowledge generation and application.
Synthesis of failure rates for space station external orbital replaceable units

Abstract In 1990 NASA commissioned a study of the maintenance requirements of external orbital replaceable units (ORUs) of Space Station Freedom , which are largely determined by ORU failure rates. Freedom ORUs were still in preliminary design and had no operational or unit-level test experience, so it was necessary to use conventional design-phase reliability engineering techniques to estimate their reliability. Because of widespread doubts about the validity of these methods in the space flight community and the importance of the external maintenance burden to the practicability of the Station concept, NASA needed a way to independently confirm the validity and credibilty of the designers' failure rate estimates. The novel and effective failure rate synthesis approach which was developed to fill this need had the following elements: (1) enforcing standard, consistent, technically sound reliability prediction methods over all external ORUs and ORU suppliers; (2) checking the resulting failure rates against the range of rates achievable with current technology, based on a synthesis of expert engineering judgement; and (3) also checking the designers' rate against the failure experience of the analogous items on existing spacecraft, with appropriate corrections for scale and application differences. The immediate result of the failure rate study was to show that the designers' failure rates derived by conventional reliability engineering techniques, when held to a consistent standard methodology, were consistent with both of the credibility checks and hence could be relied upon for predicting the Station-level external maintenance rate. More broadly, the consistency among the three failure rate estimating methods indicates that the synthesis of expert judgement based on available technology is a valid, cost-efficient way to estimate the bounds of achievable reliability for equipment that not only lacks operating experience, but is still in the preliminary or even the conceptual stage of development. This provides a new engineering tool for evaluating the reliability, availability, maintainability, and supportability of systems in the very earliest phases of development, when changes can be made most economically.
The counter-intuitive value of celebrity athletes as antidiplomats in public diplomacy: Ilie Nastase from Romania and the world of tennis

This essay explores the value of celebrity athletes as antidiplomats and their potential benefits to their countries' public diplomacy. Theoretically, this essay expands on Cooper's (2008) work on celebrity diplomacy into the realm of sports by exploring tennis player Ilie Nastase as an example of the antidiplomat. While governments have long engaged in sports diplomacy to increase their countries' prestige abroad, athletes can also contribute to a country's public diplomacy efforts, even when the athlete's conduct is incongruent with that of the diplomatic culture. This study illustrates the counter-intuitive value of celebrity athletes as antidiplomats, their unique wide-ranging networks and personal connections, and their symbolic contributions to their country's international image and reputation.