cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Hematochezia in a Two-Day-Old Infant

Abstract Background Hematochezia in the pediatric population, particularly infants, has a wide differential diagnosis ranging from benign to life-threatening causes. Obtaining a thorough history and identifying risk factors for more ominous disease is vital during the emergency department (ED) evaluation. Case Report The patient is a 2-day-old female who presented to the ED with 8–10 episodes of bright red blood in her stools. She was otherwise asymptomatic, with an uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery. Her history was significant for a sibling who recently tested positive for Escherichia coli O157:H7 in his stool and a family history of lactose intolerance. She was exclusively formula fed. An abdominal plain film was obtained and was normal. Milk protein enterocolitis was suspected and she was transitioned to hydrolyzed formula with resolution of her symptoms. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? As emergency physicians, we need to be aware of the life-threatening conditions that are associated with hematochezia, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, and act quickly. However, many patients will have benign conditions, and recognizing the key historical and diagnostic pieces of the infant's presentation will prevent unnecessary evaluations and consultations.
Firn permeability impacts on pressure loss associated with rapid air movement drilling

Abstract The polar ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica are sensitive indicators of weather and climate, and also serve as natural archives of past climate; evidence from within and below the ice is important for scientific investigations. A variety of ice drilling techniques have been used for a wide array of scientific applications, including mechanical ice coring, hot water drilling of access holes, and compressed air-drilling of holes to contain explosive charges for seismic measurements. Creating access holes using compressed air-drilling in ice has rapid rates of penetration in some locations on an ice sheet, yet the technique has failed at shallower depths in other locations. This paper investigates the interaction of the properties of the aged snow, called ‘firn’, with pressure loss associated with compressed air-drilling. Specifically, we report on numerical studies examining the impact of firn layering and firn permeability on air-drill induced pressure changes inside the borehole and in the surrounding firn. Results indicate borehole pressure loss is highest in firn that has bands of higher air permeability layers. A loss of borehole pressure would lead to decreased ice-chip air transport up through the borehole, causing degraded drill performance as ice chips clog the drill bit, stalling the drill. Numerical results show that the presence of higher-permeability layers near the bottom of the borehole may lead to sufficient pressure loss to impede drilling. In contrast to other kinds of ice drilling, where casing the borehole near the surface is common, casing the bottom of the borehole may be necessary for rapid air movement drilling in areas where high permeability bands of layers exist at depth.
Advice in Interaction Quantity and Placement of Problem-Solving Behaviors

Prior research has given insufficient attention to the effects of interaction behavior on responses to advice. We drew on theories of advice evaluation and supportive communication to propose hypotheses about the influence of problem-focused behavior (advice, planning, offers, and requests) and its interactional placement for advice outcomes. After naturalistic support interactions with friends, advice recipients (N = 165) completed measures of advice quality, intention to implement advice, advisor helpfulness, and conversational satisfaction. The interactions were coded for quantity of advice, offers, plans, and requests. Advice, planning, and requests affected outcomes in theoretically relevant ways. Findings are discussed with respect to improving theory, and practical implications for advisors.
Strategies for the Representation of Broadband Stimuli in the Discharge Patterns of Auditory-Nerve Fibers

Our work (Miller and Sachs, 1983, 1984) suggests that representations based on the temporal discharges of auditory-nerve fibers may be important for the coding of complex acoustic stimuli. If the information encoded via these temporal discharges is important for auditory processing tasks, then the following questions must be resolved. (1) How should the array of auditory-nerve fiber responses be combined? For example, should the strategy for representing a formant in a vowel stimulus be to derive estimates of that formant from discharges of the entire population of auditory-nerve fibers? (2) Do these strategies change for narrow and broadband stimuli? (3) What role does cochlear filtering play in these temporal representations?
System Theory on Group Manifolds and Coset SpacesReceived by the editors August 24. 1971. and in revised form October 27. 1971. Presented at the NSF Regional Conference on Control Theory. held at the University of Maryland Baltimore County, August 2327. 1971.

The purpose of this paper is to study questions regarding controllability, observability, and realization theory for a particular class of systems for which the state space is a differentiable manifold which is simultaneously a group or, more generally, a coset space. We show that it is possible to give rather explicit expressions for the reachable set and the set of indistinguishable states in the case of autonomous systems. We also establish a type of state space isomorphism theorem. These results parallel, and in part specialize to, results available for the familiar case described by x(t) = Ax(t) + Bu(t), y(t) = Cx(t). Our objective is to reduce all questions about the system to questions about Lie algebras generated from the coefficient matrices entering in the description of the system and in that way arrive at conditions which are easily visualized and tested.
Effect of graphite particles on improving tribological properties Al-16Si-5Ni-5Graphite self-lubricating composite under fully flooded and starved lubrication conditions for transportation applications

The piston ring and cylinder liner materials encounter challenges under limited lubricated conditions leading to high friction and wear. Although, several materials, from cast iron to composite materials, have been proposed in the past, these materials still exhibit poor tribological properties under limited lubricated conditions and there is a need to develop materials that show enhanced tribological properties under limited lubricated conditions. Hence, in the present investigation, Al-16Si-5Ni-5Graphite composite was successfully synthesized as a substitute material for steel in piston ring materials. Different tribometers were used to analyze the tribological properties of aluminum composite reinforced by graphite and steel specimens in lubrication condition and limited lubricated conditions. Under limited lubrication conditions, steel specimen showed higher coefficient of friction (COF) than the Al-16Si-5Ni-5Graphite specimen. Besides, the steel specimen exhibited an increase in COF with increasing applied normal load, while the Al-16Si-5Ni-5Graphite showed reduction in COF with increasing applied normal load. The value of COF and acoustic emission (AE) for steel was constant at lower range of normal loads up to 705 N and thereafter, a sudden increase in both COF and AE signal was observed. On the other hand, Al-16Si-5Ni-5Graphite composite did not exhibit any variations in COF and AE even beyond the transition load of 750 N and remained constant up to the normal load of 990 N. Such trend of results suggested that the Al-16Si-5Ni-5Graphite composite showed superior tribological performance when compared to steel under limited or boundary lubrication conditions. In addition, results show that composite has good tribological properties under limited lubricated conditions due to presence of graphite particles in the composites that graphite particles act as solid lubricant on worn surfaces.
Phosphate Removal Using Waste Calcium Sulfate

Calcium sulfate (gypsum) is a common and inexpensive mineral which is among the cheapest sources of soluble calcium ion available. Relatively pure calcium sulfate is produced as a byproduct in several industries including chemical pharmaceutical (2) and, in the near future, it will also be produced by high sulfur coal-fired utilities which must remove stack gas S0 2 . Thus, on a local basis it may be obtained at a markedly reduced cost, transportation being a major cost factor. This study was undertaken to explore the possibility of employing gypsum as a supplemental chemical for the removal of phosphate from wastewaters, and to determine under what conditions it can be utilized in this manner.
A Comprehensive Program for the Enhancement of Accrual to Clinical Trials

The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center (OSUCCC) embarked on a single institution campaign over 2 years to enhance the enrollment of cancer patients into therapeutic clinical trials. The goal of this campaign was to achieve a 40 % increase in accrual over a 2-year period. The entire process of accruing patients to clinical trials at the OSUCCC was carefully evaluated and broken down into several interlocking components. The four key areas of emphasis were as follows: (i) tasking of OSUCCC leadership with increased oversight of the entire process; (ii) education of all stakeholders [patients, their families, nurses and staff, physicians (both internal and external), Disease-Specific Committees (DSCs), and the OSUCCC leadership] as to the purpose, advantages, and availability of clinical trials, with an emphasis on accrual to cancer clinical trials (CCTs) being a critical function of all OSUCCC employees; (iii) increased oversight of the portfolio of clinical trials by DSCs; and (iv) optimization of accrual operations and infrastructure center-wide. The accrual goal was achieved a full 4 months ahead of schedule. In total, 2327 patients were accrued to therapeutic clinical trials over the course of this 2-year campaign. Prior to implementation of the accrual program, the accrual rate was consistently below 15 %. From 2009 onwards, the therapeutic accrual rate was always greater than 25 %. A campaign to educate key stakeholders in the clinical trials accrual process was successful in its goal of increasing accrual to therapeutic trials.
Electric Guitar Playing Technique Detection in Real-World Recording Based on F0 Sequence Pattern Recognition.

For a complete transcription of a guitar performance, the detection of playing techniques such as bend and vibrato is important, because playing techniques suggest how the melody is interpreted through the manipulation of the guitar strings. While existing work mostly focused on playing technique detection for individual single notes, this paper attempts to expand this endeavor to recordings of guitar solo tracks. Specifically, we treat the task as a time sequence pattern recognition problem, and develop a twostage framework for detecting five fundamental playing techniques used by the electric guitar. Given an audio track, the first stage identifies prominent candidates by analyzing the extracted melody contour, and the second stage applies a pre-trained classifier to the candidates for playing technique detection using a set of timbre and pitch features. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated on a new dataset comprising of 42 electric guitar solo tracks without accompaniment, each of which covers 10 to 25 notes. The best average F-score achieves 74% in two-fold cross validation. Furthermore, we also evaluate the performance of the proposed framework for bend detection infive studio mixtures, to discuss how it can be applied in transcribing real-world electric guitar solos with accompaniment.
ON THE COMBINATORICS OF BINARY SERIES-PARALLEL GRAPHS

Binary series-parallel (BSP) graphs have applications in transportation modeling, and exhibit interesting combinatorial properties. This work is limited to the second aspect. The BSP graphs of a given size – measured in edges – are enumerated. Under a uniform probability model, we investigate the asymptotic distribution of the order (number of vertices) and the asymptotic average length of a random walk (under different strategies) of large graphs of the same size. The systematic method throughout is to define the graphs, and the features we evaluate by a structural equation (equivalent to a regular expression). The structural equation is translated into an equation for a generating function, which is then analyzed.
A method for consistent induction of chronic hyperglycemia with alloxan.

Summary1. Chronic hyperglycemia was produced in 90-95% of adult white rats which had been starved for 48-60 hours and then injected subcutaneously with 175 mg of alloxan per kg. Only 25% of rats which had not been starved became hyperglycemic after injection of a similar dose. The hyperglycemia is persistent and relatively benign; few spontaneous recoveries or fatalities occurred within 3-4 months after injection of alloxan.2. Fed animals which had not developed hyperglycemia following injection of alloxan became susceptible to subsequent injection of another dose if they were previously starved.3. Feeding or injecting glucose 6 hours before alloxan diminished the susceptibility of the starved animals to alloxan. Glucose administered one hour before alloxan had no protective effect. Epinephrine, administered immediately before alloxan, protected the starved animals. These effects are not directly related to the blood sugar levels existing at the time alloxan is injected.4. Mixtures of vitamins of the B co...
Constitutional Politics in the Gilded Age

During the Gilded Age, constitutional issues pervaded the discussion of nearly all matters of public policy, including regulation of railroads, suppressing unsafe and fraudulent products, labor issues, and combating trusts and monopolies. The Democratic and Republican parties differed in their conceptions of federal power and state rights as well as on matters related to social order and personal liberty. They articulated these differences in political platforms and manifested them in their approach to public policy. The obsession with constitutional issues was not confined to the halls of Congress or the chambers of the Supreme Court. Constitutional discourse ran up from ordinary people and interest groups to public policy makers and down from policy makers seeking support based on fidelity to constitutional principles. Ordinary people influenced constitutional policymaking not only through voting but through various means of making their views known. Advocates used all types of media to make constitutional issues clear to the American people. These ranged from formal treatises aimed at the intellectual elite to cartoons, caricatures, songs, and screeds. Politicians articulated constitutional positions in political platforms, congressional addresses, pamphlets, political and commemorative addresses, and stump speeches. Justices of the Supreme Court eschewed technical and abstract language in constitutional opinions, addressing them to a more general public than they did in other areas of law. In the end, constitutional policy was not determined through legal determinations of the Supreme Court but by the political decisions of the American people.
Monitoring Tc Dynamics in a Bioreduced Sediment: An Investigation with Gamma Camera Imaging of 99mTc-Pertechnetate and 99mTc-DTPA

We demonstrate the utility of nuclear medical imaging technologies and a readily available radiotracer, [99mTc]TcO4–, for the noninvasive monitoring of Fe(II) production in acetate-stimulated sediments from Old Rifle, CO, USA. Microcosms consisting of sediment in artificial groundwater media amended with acetate were probed by repeated injection of radiotracer over three weeks. Gamma camera imaging was used to noninvasively quantify the rate and extent of [99mTc]TcO4– partitioning from solution to sediment. Aqueous Fe(II) and sediment-associated Fe(II) were also measured and correlated with the observed tracer behavior. For each injection of tracer, curves of 99mTc concentration in solution vs time were fitted to an analytic function that accounts for both the observed rate of sedimentation as well as the rate of 99mTc association with the sediment. The rate and extent of 99mTc association with the biostimulated sediment correlated well with the production of Fe(II), and a mechanism of [99mTc]TcO4– reduct...
John Brown, public relations, terrorism, and social capital: ‘His Truth Goes Marching On’

The history of public relations uses historical methodology to examine non-establishment and even outlaw discourses, the strategies of challenging and seeking to change a dominant culture. As we explore contexts in which public relations occurs, especially that which is ‘non-’ or anti-establishment, we are able to use such cases to examine theories (which typically favor the establishment) and their constructions of public relations, including relevant best practices. Terrorism, when it is not sponsored by a state seeking to control through terror, is an especially valuable context for study because of its association with social movement activism and change management. The analysis in this paper examines the public relations role of terrorism (1) in the context of intuitively applied, traditional best practices and (2) as the rhetorical advocacy/discursive approach to issues advocacy contests leading to change management through contested principles of social capital. To that end, this case examines the ...
Abstract 1606: Antitumor effects of vitamin D in a carcinogen-induced mouse model of lung cancer

Lung cancer accounts for the majority of cancer mortality in both men and women. It is critical to better understand the biology of lung cancer development as no preventive agents and few effective treatment options exist for lung cancer. Epidemiological studies indicate that low serum levels of 25(OH)D3 are associated with increased risk and poor prognosis of lung cancer. Calcitriol, the active metabolite of vitamin D, induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and differentiation in preclinical and clinical studies, has limited toxicity, and hence, is an attractive agent for chemoprevention. To investigate the preventive effects of vitamin D on lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), pre-clinical studies were conducted using a carcinogen-induced (CI) mouse model of lung SCC which uses N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea (NTCU) applied topically to the back of a SWR/J mouse twice weekly. Following ∼15 weeks of NTCU treatment, mice begin to develop bronchial epithelial hyperplasia and in time, progress through metaplasia, carcinoma in situ, and ultimately form lung SCC by approximately 35 to 40 weeks. We conducted a preliminary study investigating the effects of vitamin D on cancer progression in the CI model where animals received NTCU (80 mM/week). 12 week old female mice were randomized into one of three treatment groups: 1) vitamin D deficient diet (DD) (0IU D3 in the diet), 2) sufficient diet (SD) (2000IU/day D3 in the diet) and 3) SD with weekly intraperitoneal (IP) injections of calcitriol (80 ug/kg) (SD+D). Animals treated with NTCU on a DD, SD and SD+D had average serum 25(OH)D3 levels of 15, 70 and 75 nmol/L, respectively (normal range in mice is 70- 90 nmol/L). Preliminary histological evaluation at 12 weeks revealed bronchial epithelial hyperplasia in both the SD and SD+D groups. There were more advanced changes including hyperplasia, metaplasia and dysplasia in the DD mice. The histological evaluation of the DD mice at 24 weeks revealed even more advanced disease, in that most mice had developed lung SCC. The histological evaluation of the SD and SD+D groups at 24 weeks indicated the presence of bronchial epithelial hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia and dysplasia in all mice with some low level of carcinoma in situ. This study indicates that mice deficient in vitamin D develop disease at a more rapid rate suggesting that vitamin D status may play an important role in progression of lung SCC. Supported by NCCAM F31 AT006487 & R01-CA-067267. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1606. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1606
Heavy metals contamination in food in Henan Province in 2010

Objective To investigate the heavy metals contamination in food in Henan Province in 2010. Methods3 657 samples of 8 kinds were collected from 18 cities in Henan Province in 2010. The contamination of lead,cadmium and mercury were analyzed respectively according to the standard of GB /T 5009. 12-2003,GB /T 5009. 15-2003 and GB /T5009. 17-2003. The results were evaluated according to the standard of GB 2762-2012. Results The average level of lead,cadmium and mercury in food were 0. 34,0. 054 and 0. 077 mg /kg,and the violation rates were 8. 8%,3. 9% and8. 3%,respectively. The violation rates of lead in cereals,meat and vegetable were 17. 2%,14. 5% and 10. 7%,respectively; those of cadmium in edible fungus and eggs were 9. 6% and 8. 1%; and those of mercury in vegetable and cereals were 25. 3% and 12. 3%. Conclusion The lead and mercury contamination in food was serious in Henan Province,especially in cereals,vegetables and meat. There was an urgent need to strengthen the monitoring and supervision on food safety.
IMAGING PROPERTIES OF Bi-TAPE HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING RF COILS FOR MRI

RF receiving Coil is the first hard device in the signal input channel of MRI. Improving the signal noise ratio (SNR) of the RF receiving coil can improve the image quality. For the low field MRI system, SNR is inversely dependent on the resistance of the copper resonance coil, lower the copper resistance can increase the SNR. Since High-Temperature Superconductor (HTS) has zero DC resistance and very low AC losses, replacing the copper material by the HTS can increase the SNR of the RF receiving coil. A Bi2223 tape High-Temperature Superconducting RF receiving Coil has been designed and constructed in this paper. The coil was then tested in a 0.23T MRI system. The image results show that the SNR of HTS RF coils has improved 76%.
CUTTING PROPAGATION OF MELASTOMA DODECANDRUM LOUR. UNDER VARIOUS TREATMENTS

Diren(Melastoma dodecandrum Lour.) is a creeping evergreen sub-shrub from Melastomaceae.It is a great groundcover for arid soil conditions.Under the full sun,the plant completely colonizes some bare land and blooms beautifully from June to October.To produce this plant for landscape uses,stem cuttings were collected in October,treated with liquid and powder rooting hormones,and then placed under plastic tunnels with automatic mist systems.Stem cuttings could be rooted in two months and rooting percentages were higher as hormone concentrations increased.Cuttings with 8,000 mg·L-1 IBA powder reached 100% rooting.Number of roots per cuttings significantly increased with rooting hormone treatments.The highest number was 23.8 with application of 8,000 mg·L-1 IBA powder,which was 6.8 times higher than the control.As the liquid hormone concentrations reduced from 2,500 mg·L-1 NAA to 500 mg·L-1 NAA,number of root per cutting decreased from 22.4 to 8.6.Total root length per cutting was also significantly increased with aid of rooting hormones.Cuttings treated with 8,000 mg·L-1 IBA powder produced 237.1 mm of roots,which was about 20.1 times higher than that of the control.Diren could be produced commercially with stem cuttings.
Well-to-Wheel analysis of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for synthesized vehicle fuels

Well-to-Wheel analyses are used to accurately evaluate the energy use and global warming impact of the production and utilization of natural gas and coal-based vehicle fuels in China. The Well-to-Wheel analysis predicts the energy use and greenhouse gases emissions due to recovery, production, transport, and distribution of the methanol, dimethyl ether, and Fischer-Tropsch diesel (FTD) fuels. The results are compared with traditional gasoline and diesel fuels. The results show that natural gas and coal-based methanol, DME, and F-T diesel fuels have lower lifecycle petroleum consumption than traditional gasoline and diesel fuels, so they may be enhance China’s oil security. The lifecycle total energy use, fossil energy use, and greenhouse gas emission of natural gas-based fuels are lower than those of coal-based fuels, but higher than traditional gasoline and diesel, so utilization of natural gas-based fuels will lead to potential pressure to reduce China’s greenhouse gas emissions.
Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Complaints in the Older Adult

During the evaluation of older adults with musculoskeletal complaints, it is necessary to differentiate periarticular conditions from intraarticular or arthritic conditions. It also is useful to classify the symptoms as acute or chronic and as mono-, oligo-, or polyarticular. Close attention should be paid to the history and physical exam findings, while laboratory tests and radiographs should only be used as supporting evidence of a clinical diagnosis. A search for the presence of joint inflammation is particularly important in the diagnostic process. Urgent evaluation is necessary in a patient with an acutely warm and swollen joint to rule out the presence of infection.
Studies of the 24 hour rhythm of melatonin in man.

In a series of four separate studies of the 24-hour pattern of melatonin secretory function in man, the following results were obtained. Sequential measurement of the concentration of melatonin in plasma and urine demonstrated a 24-hour rhythm in which more melatonin is secreted during the sleep-lights off as compared to the waking-lights on period. However, during “free-running” and after an acute phase shift of the sleep-wake cycle, a melatonin rhythm can be dissociated from the sleep-lights out rhythm. A radioimmunoassayable plasma melatonin substance was found in significant amounts throughout the entire 24-hour day using a frequent sampling technique (every 20 min). Melatonin appears to be secreted into the blood in discrete brief episodes superimposed on a maintained “baseline” concentration. The half-life appears to be less than 30 min.
Modification of acetylcholine receptor-mediated ion permeability by thiamine.

Thiamine has been found to be active in an acetylcholine receptor-rich postsynaptic membrane preparation from Torpedo californica electroplax by inhibiting the rate of carbamylcholine-induced acetylcholine receptor-mediated 22Na efflux. Thiamine reduces the maximal response to carbamylcholine without changing the affinity of the receptor for carbamylcholine.
Learning Repairs for Marked Structures

This paper presents an algorithm which learns phonological grammars. These phonological grammars— like grammars in Optimality Theory (OT, Prince & Smolensky, 2004) or rule-based grammars (Chomsky & Halle, 1968)—describe phonological maps, or the transformations from input (underlying) forms to output (surface) forms (Tesar, 2014). Like OT grammars, the grammars which underlie the algorithm distinguish marked structures from their possible repairs. The advantages of this algorithm include 1) it is provably efficient and correct, and 2) it has significant empirical coverage in that the grammars it acquires can model many phonological maps, including opaque ones which are hard to represent in classical OT. To illustrate the algorithm and these advantages, we focus on repair typologies, by which we mean ‘international conspiracies’ in which different processes in different languages all target a single marked structure. In a classic example from Pater (2004), languages that avoid nasal-voiceless obstruent sequences (NC ) employ various processes such as fusion, denasalization, and voicing of the obstruent. Examples from Indonesian, Toba Batak, and Quechua, respectively, are presented below in (1), (2), and (3).
Strategy for developing soil cleaning guidelines: “how clean is clean”

In order to re-use a site that has been cleaned of radioactive contamination, it must be demonstrated that the site is “clean enough” for its intended future use This paper presents a methodology describing the strategy and planning for developing such cleanup standards for a contaminated site. This methodology is illustrated in Figure 1.
Abstract 4121: Chaperonin containing-TCP-1 protein level in breast cancer cells predicts therapeutic application of a cytotoxic peptide

Metastatic disease is a principal cause of death from breast cancer. This is due in part to the development of resistance to current therapeutics and the often debilitating side effects that impair quality of life. The challenge is to therapeutically target an essential physiological function of cancer cells not found in normal, non-transformed cells. To this end, we discovered CT20p, a therapeutic peptide that causes cancer-specific death in human breast tumor cells and tumor regression in xenograft models of breast cancer. Using a proteomics approach, we found that CT20p directly binds to multiple subunits of a type II chaperonin called chaperonin containing T-complex or CCT. CCT forms a large macromolecular complex composed of 8 subunits. Inhibition of CCT by CT20p depletes the pool of native actin and tubulin (obligate clients of CCT), impairing the polymerization of cytoskeletal elements needed to support cell adhesion and motility. As a result cancer cells lose the ability to migrate and die from loss of substrate survival signals. We found that expression levels of CCT varied among different triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, with the highest expression occurring in those of the mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) subtype with metastatic potential. Lowest levels of CCT were found in normal breast epithelial cells. Sensitivity to killing by CT20p thus correlated with levels of CCT, with cancer cells expressing high amounts of CCT being the most susceptible. Using tissue microarrays (TMAs) of breast cancer progression, we developed an immunohistochemistry staining procedure for CCT. Results were interpreted on a scale of 1 to 4 (with 4 being the strongest staining). CCT expression was statistically higher in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) as compared to normal and cancer adjacent tissue (CAT) (p 0.001). Statistical correlations were also observed with Her2 positivity (p>0.05). However, no statistically significant correlations were observed with TNBC tissues, with CCT staining ranging from the strongest staining (4) to lowest (1). These results are similar to that observed with the TNBC cell lines and indicate that CCT expression may reflect the heterogeneity of TNBC. These results suggest that CCT is a promising target for therapeutic intervention due to its increased expression in advanced stage breast cancer, independence of molecular identity and dependence by cancer cells to support essential cytoskeletal changes associated with the metastatic stem-like phenotype. Citation Format: Annette R. Khaled, Amr S. Khaled, Rania Bassiouni, Priya Vishnubhotla. Chaperonin containing-TCP-1 protein level in breast cancer cells predicts therapeutic application of a cytotoxic peptide. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4121.
Identification and development of patron personas for an academic library

Purpose – Ranganathan’s Laws of Library Science and continued refinements place identification of patron’s needs and connection of those needs to library services of primary importance in libraries. Identifying and developing personas or user group descriptions helps to identify the unique nature of library patrons. Personas help librarians identify or create specific services for each patron persona. Understanding each library persona allows the library faculty and staff to prepare and to plan service delivery. The purpose of this paper is to develop personas for undergraduate students followed by the identification and development of personas for graduate students and faculty. Design/methodology/approach – The identification and development of undergraduate patron personas engaged communications students, as part of their course work, to use a review of previous studies to develop theories of library patron personas. Each of the three groups within the communications class verified their initial persona...
Current Perspectives on Lung Allocation Schemes in the USA and Europe

Over the past three decades, lung transplantation has evolved as a recognized treatment for patients with advanced lung disease. However, lung transplantation has remained limited by the shortage of acceptable donor lung organs. Previously, allocation of donor lungs in the USA was based primarily upon a recipient’s wait list time. However, in 2005, under the mandate of the US Department of Health and Human Services, the lung allocation system was changed in order to incorporate medical urgency and to ensure equitable and efficient allocation for all transplant candidates. Clinical criteria that predicted wait list mortality and 1-year post-transplant survival were incorporated into the lung allocation score (LAS). The LAS has been associated with an increased number of wait list candidates, decreased wait list time, decreased wait list mortality, and a change in the clinical characteristics of the lung transplant candidates. Given the success of the LAS in the USA, several European transplant organizations are considering adopting a similar lung allocation schema. Continued refinement of the donor lung allocation schema in the USA and Europe will optimize lung transplant outcomes.
Mates with Benefits: When and How Sexual Cannibalism Is Adaptive

Sexual cannibalism occurs in several arthropod taxa, but its evolutionary significance has long been debated. A new study shows how females that eat their mates benefit in ways that go well beyond caloric nutrition.
Towards Scalable Parallel Training of Deep Neural Networks

We propose a new framework for parallelizing deep neural network training that maximize the amount of data that is ingested by the training algorithm. Our proposed framework called Livermore Tournament Fast Batch Learning (LTFB) targets large-scale data problems. The LTFB approach creates a set of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models and trains each instance of these models independently and in parallel. Periodically each model selects another model to pair with, exchanges models, and then run a local tournament against held-out tournament datasets. The winning model is will continue training on the local training datasets. This new approach maximizes computation and minimizes amount of synchronization required in training deep neural network, a major bottleneck in existing synchronous deep learning algorithms. We evaluate our proposed algorithm on two HPC machines at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory including an early access IBM Power8+ with NVIDIA Tesla P100 GPUs machine. Experimental evaluations of the LTFB framework on two popular image classification benchmark: CIFAR10 [18] and ImageNet [19], show significant speed up compared to the sequential baseline.
Proton Transfer Equilibria in the Gas and Solution Phases

Structural theories of organic chemistry have been heavily based for support upon measurements of proton transfer equilibria in solution—largely for -NH and -OH acids and bases in aqueous solution.1 The first quantitative measurements of proton transfer equilibria in the gas phase by either ion cyclotron resonance, high pressure mass spectrometry, or flowing afterglow methods2 were excitedly greeted as providing the needed means to separate intrinsic structural effects from solvation effects. However, most of the initial observations were so drastically unrelated to solution results that there developed among many chemists the notion that the results were only isolated curiosities of the gas phase—largely irrelevant to the practice of acid-base chemistry.
Dynamic sex chromosomes in Old World chameleons (Squamata: Chamaeleonidae).

Much of our current state of knowledge concerning sex chromosome evolution is based on a handful of ‘exceptional’ taxa with heteromorphic sex chromosomes. However, classifying the sex chromosome systems of additional species lacking easily identifiable, heteromorphic sex chromosomes is indispensable if we wish to fully understand the genesis, degeneration and turnover of vertebrate sex chromosomes. Squamate reptiles (lizards and snakes) are a potential model clade for studying sex chromosome evolution as they exhibit a suite of sex‐determining modes yet most species lack heteromorphic sex chromosomes. Only three (of 203) chameleon species have identified sex chromosome systems (all with female heterogamety, ZZ/ZW). This study uses a recently developed method to identify sex‐specific genetic markers from restriction site‐associated DNA sequence (RADseq) data, which enables the identification of sex chromosome systems in species lacking heteromorphic sex chromosomes. We used RADseq and subsequent PCR validation to identify an XX/XY sex chromosome system in the veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus), revealing a novel transition in sex chromosome systems within the Chamaeleonidae. The sex‐specific genetic markers identified here will be essential in research focused on sex‐specific, comparative, functional and developmental evolutionary questions, further promoting C. calyptratus’ utility as an emerging model organism.
Pharmacological treatment of the maintenance phase of bipolar depression: focus on relapse prevention studies and the impact of design on generalizability

The goal of pharmacological treatment of bipolar disorder is to prevent future occurrences of mood episodes. To achieve this goal, medications must demonstrate efficacy in the prevention of both manic/hypomanic and depressive relapses/recurrences. Currently, the efficacy of most pharmacological agents in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder has been studied using relapse prevention designs, in which only patients who tolerate and respond to a studied drug(s) in the acute phase (mania or depression) can enter the maintenance phase. Subsequently, the results from relapse prevention studies are not generalizable, not only because of the design, but also because of different index mood episodes. So far, however, only lithium and lamotrigine, and to some extent divalproex, have been investigated in both manic and depressive index episodes, while olanzapine and aripiprazole have been evaluated in manic index episodes. To facilitate the application of currently available data, this chapter will systematically examine randomized, blinded, controlled maintenance studies enrolling ≥100 patients and lasting ≥6 months.
Estimation of the Multiple Testing Burden for Genomewide Association Studies of Common Variants

Genomewide association studies are an exciting strategy in genetics, recently becoming feasible. While pioneering studies are being underway, it is already clear that the analytic issue of determining the significance of results presents a challenge to the wide community of researchers. Rather than each study engaging in independent evaluation, there is need in the community to have standards set for whole-genome significance. We have therefore undertaken the task of developing such standards, based on data collected with collaborators in the International Haplotype Map Consortium. We report an estimated burden of a million independent tests genomewide in Europeans, and twice that number in Africans. We further identify the sensitivity of the testing burden to the required significance level, with implications to staged design of association studies.
Economics of American Health Care

Most physicians in the United States today have never known a time when the real resources at their disposal were not increasing at a rapid rate. In the 1980s, however, the flow of funds for patient care, research, and teaching is likely to slow appreciably because the economy will be growing at a slower rate and because the difference between rates of change of health expenditures and the gross national product (GNP) is likely to narrow. These prospects, along with the almost certain rapid growth in the number of physicians for at least another decade, pose a critical financial challenge to American physicians in private practice and in academic medicine.
Selberg's Second Beta Integral and an Integral of Mehta

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses Selberg's second beta integral and an integral of Mehta. It discusses the method to obtain selberg's gamma integral via Aomoto's argument. The chapter discusses the use of the theory of hypergeometric functions of matrix argument to obtain a direct evaluation of an integral of Mehta. This multidimensional integral over the space o f n x n Hermitian matrices is reduced to an integral over Euclidean space.
Microspectrophotometry: The Technique and Some of Its Pitfalls

Caspersson, by combining the procedures of microscopy and spectrophotometry, founded the technique of microspectro-photometry (MSP) nearly forty years ago. Whereas the light microscope affords the visual identification of subcellular elements, spectroscopy, by virtue of the fact that many substances possess characteristic absorption spectra, allows the determination of the presence and concentration of known substances by the measure of light fluxes transmitted at various wavelengths through structures of known thickness. Thus, he reasoned, the absorption of light by cellular components may be used as a tool for their qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses. Caspersson (1940, 1950) succeeded not only in designing the first microspectrophotometer and setting down the principles of the method but also in identifying nucleic acids (λmax ≃ 260 nm) in the nucleus and proteins with cyclic amino acids (λmax ≃ 280 nm) in the cytoplasm of isolated cells.
Ibotenic acid: on the mechanism of its conversion to [3H] muscimol

Muscimol is a small but structurally unique isoxazole alkaloid isolated from the mushroom Amanita muscaria. Because of its potent gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist activity, muscimol was the elusive target of tritiation attempts for many years. Our laboratory was the first to solve this radiolabelling challenge by a robust and straightforward high specific activity synthesis of [3H] muscimol involving treatment of related amino acid ibotenic acid with tritiated water in dimethyl sulfoxide at ambient temperature. The surprising simplicity of this method prompts the question of exactly how, when and where tritium is installed in the muscimol framework. Using tritium NMR and mass spectrometry analysis of [3H] muscimol, we now propose a likely answer and sequence of events to explain this mechanistic question.
Tracking Tumor Colonization in Xenograft Mouse Models Using Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

Here we introduce an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS)-based high precision method for quantifying the number of cancer cells that initiate metastatic tumors, in xenograft mice. Quantification of 14C per cell prior to injection into animals, and quantification of 14C in whole organs allows us to extrapolate the number of cancer cells available to initiate metastatic tumors. The 14C labeling was optimized such that 1 cancer cell was detected among 1 million normal cells. We show that ~1-5% of human cancer cells injected into immunodeficient mice form subcutaneous tumors, and even fewer cells initiate metastatic tumors. Comparisons of metastatic site colonization between a highly metastatic (PC3) and a non-metastatic (LnCap) cell line showed that PC3 cells colonize target tissues in greater quantities at 2 weeks post-delivery, and by 12 weeks post-delivery no 14C was detected in LnCap xenografts, suggesting that all metastatic cells were cleared. The 14C-signal correlated with the presence and the severity of metastatic tumors. AMS measurements of 14C-labeled cells provides a highly-sensitive, quantitative assay to experimentally evaluate metastasis and colonization of target tissues in xenograft mouse models. This approach can potentially be used to evaluate tumor aggressiveness and assist in making informed decisions regarding treatment.
Teaching for Social Justice: the Promise of Transformative Expectations for Urban Chicanx/Latinx Youth

Drawing on the concept of transformative expectations—that is, the instructional practices that demonstrate teachers’ belief systems for the educational justice and empowerment of Chicanx/Latinx yo...
Small-scale spatial resolution of the soil phytolith record in a rainforest and a dry forest in Costa Rica: applications to the deep-time fossil phytolith record

Abstract Phytolith analysis, a well-established tool in archaeology and Quaternary paleoecology, has become a source of data for deep-time paleoecological studies only in the last 15 years. Recent years have also witnessed the publication of numerous soil phytolith inventories from extant vegetation types, representing modern analogues. However, this work suffers from several methodological shortcomings limiting inter-study comparisons, and the development of a single, and repeatable protocol for soil sample collection. In this paper, we focus on two fundamental methodological questions that must be answered before modern analogue studies can be meaningfully applied to deep-time paleoecology. (1) Do phytoliths from the lower portion of the A-horizon (more commonly preserved in paleosols) reflect standing vegetation equally well as the upper A-horizon (which is more commonly used in modern analogue studies but often truncated by erosion in paleosols)? (2) Does a point soil sample (usually collected from paleosols) capture standing vegetation as accurately as a composite soil sample (commonly used in modern analogue studies), which is made from subsamples taken from a small area? To address these questions, we collected soil from 10 × 10 m quadrats in a rainforest (La Selva) and a dry forest (Palo Verde) in Costa Rica and compared phytolith assemblages from upper vs. lower soil A-horizons, and composites vs. single phytolith assemblages. At both sites, phytolith assemblages from the lower vs. upper A-horizon, and from single vs. composite samples provide similar vegetation structure signal despite some compositional differences. These results suggest that the typical approach in deep-time paleoecology of taking point samples from the lower A-horizon of paleosols is likely justifiable (at least for paleosols reflecting rainforest and dry forest soils). We discuss possible mechanisms driving differences between sites, and future approaches to further expand and test our results.
Measurement of maximum tongue protrusion force (MTPF) in healthy young adults

We propose that tongue protrusive strength and tone may be related to upper airway patency, and when protrusive strength is reduced, individuals are at higher risk of developing sleep apnea, or speech/swallow disorders. The goal of the current study was to determine normative values of maximum tongue protrusion force (MTPF) in healthy young adults, using a unique newly developed device. We hypothesized that MTPF would be greater in males than in females. One hundred and one healthy young adults (mean age: 22.99 years; male: 23, female: 78) participated in this study. The subjects pushed their tongue forward against the device's piston (protrusion) as hard as possible for 2-5 sec and MTPF was recorded in Newtons (N). A minimum of 5 MTPF measurements were obtained with 1-2 min rest between measurements. The average MTPF for all subjects was 15.4 N (SD: ±3.8), with a range of 8-29. The male average MTPF was higher than female (17.8 N, SD: ±3.7 vs. 14.7 N, SD: ±3.5; P = 0.001). There was no significant difference for age between males and females; males had significantly greater height and weight. The results demonstrate our novel device can effectively measure tongue protrusive force in healthy young adults. This study provides normative values for MTPF, and identified significant tongue protrusion strength differences between males and females.