cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alcohol dehydrogenase of Drosophila: interconversion of isoenzymes.

Isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase extracted from Drosophila melanogaster are interconvertible and can be distinguished by electrophoretic mobility. When adsorbed on diethylaminoethyl cellulose, the faster-moving forms are converted to the slowest-moving form; the latter is converted to the former in the presence of 0.05 molar nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, and the conversion is accompanied by the binding of 3.5 moles of the dinucleotide per mole of enzyme. A change in heat stability accompanies the conversion of the slowest form of alcohol dehydrogenase to the fastest form; the latter becomes stable at 45°C. The increased heat stability may indicate that a conformational change in the alcohol dehydrogenase occurs along with the binding of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide.
Enhanced cross-coupled-secondaries model for multiwinding transformers

The cross coupled secondaries model, which models the leakage inductances and resistances between windings of multiwinding transformers, is enhanced to account for magnetic energy stored and power lost in the core and electric energy stored in the winding space. This is accomplished by adding inductive, resistive and capacitive elements to each winding circuit, greatly extending the frequency range for accurate modeling of high frequency transformers. >
Assessing Tooth Color Differences in Digital Facial Portraits

Although a large body of scientific literature shows that background color and luminance affect color perception, previous measurements of tooth color difference thresholds have not taken the effects of viewing context into account. The present study tested the hypothesis that differences in skin/gingival color influence individuals’ judgments of tooth color differences. Perceptibility and acceptability thresholds were determined in 10 individuals using a signal detection paradigm. They evaluated 500 pseudo-random presentations of two facial portraits: an African-American and a Caucasian. These portraits varied trial-to-trial only in the direction (CIELAB +L*, +a*, or +b*) or magnitude of the color difference between a portrait’s two central incisors. The individuals were significantly less sensitive to tooth color differences in the +L* direction in the Caucasian portrait than for any other combination of color direction or portrait type. Furthermore, comparable perceptibility and acceptability thresholds were generally not statistically significant from each other.
Useful, Formulas for Computing Divergence, Vorticity, and Their Errors from Three or More Stations

Abstract Given wind data from three noncollinear observing stations, divergence and vorticity can be computed very efficiently by fitting a linear velocity field to the observed wind components. The four wind gradients and the four kinematic quantities (divergence, vorticity, and stretching and shearing deformation) can be expressed as simple algebraic functions of the station coordinates and the observed wind components. Computation of all eight quantities requires only 31 arithmetic operations. All the methods for computing divergence from three stations (linear fitting, Bellamy's graphical method, the line-integral method, and the linear vector point function method) are shown to be equivalent. The fitting method is extended to a six-station network, using a quadratic velocity field to fit the data. Apart from the inversion of a 6×6 matrix, which needs to be performed only once for a fixed network geometry, the solution is again simple. It is shown that the 6×6 matrix is singular when the stations all ...
Visualization of Fra-1/AP-1 activation during LPS-induced inflammatory lung injury using fluorescence optical imaging

Inappropriate lung inflammatory response following oxidant and toxicant exposure can lead to abnormal repair and disease pathogenesis, including fibrosis. Thus early detection of molecular and cell...
Public Views on a Carbon Tax Depend on the Proposed Use of Revenue

Conventional wisdom holds that a carbon tax is a political non-starter. However, results from the latest version of the National Surveys on Energy and Environment (NSEE) provide evidence of substantial public support for a tax on the carbon content of different fossil fuels when specific uses of tax revenue are attached. A majority of respondents support a revenue-neutral carbon tax, and an even larger majority support a carbon tax with revenues used to fund research and development for renewable energy programs. The carbon tax coupled with renewable energy research earns majority support across all political categories, including a narrow majority of Republicans. These findings generally confirm previous NSEE results when revenue use options are linked to carbon taxation. These are among the latest findings from the Spring 2014 NSEE from the Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy at the University of Michigan and the Muhlenberg College Institute of Public Opinion.
Media archaeology in cinema studies and art history: a response to Thomas Elsaesser’s ‘Media Archaeology as Symptom’

AbstractEszter Polonyi responds to Thomas Elsaesser’s essay ‘Media Archaeology as Symptom’, published in the June 2016 issue of the New Review of Film and Television Studies.
What we do not know about the role of colchicine in pericarditis in 2014.

To the EditorI read with great interest the recently published systematic review by Imazio et al.,1 which highlights the important facts about colchicine use in the treatment of acute and recurrent pericarditis. I commend the authors for their another excellent contribution on the subject.The author
Evaluating Intelligent User Interfaces with User Experiments

User experiments are an essential tool to evaluate the user experience of intelligent user interfaces. This tutorial teaches the practical aspects of designing and setting up user experiments, as well as state-of-the-art methods to statistically evaluate the outcomes of such experiments.
The Emergence of the Metropolitan Community in the South

T HE influence of the modern city, whether in the South or elsewhere, is no longer limited to the people who live within its political boundaries. Every urban community is more than an incorporated place; it extends beyond the limits set forth in its charter; it includes suburbs, contiguous territories, outlying towns and rural areas. Suburban residents and even peoples in places located considerable distances away are as much a part of the central city near which they reside as those who live within its corporate limits. They depend upon the central city for employment, for economic services, for social and recreational activities, and for their cultural life and development. Consequently, the modern city, socially, culturally and economically has ceased to be merely an incorporated unit and has extended its functions to satellite cities and regions of relatively high population density lying far beyond political boundaries. It has become a metropolitan community, a subregion of civilization, a super-city.
O rap das meninas

Elas estiveram em Sao Paulo Mar dei Plata Rio de Janeiro Nova Iorque e finalmente em Beuing envolvidas no processo de avaliacao da decada que indubitavelmente contribuiu muito para a rearticulacao do movimento feminista brasileiro e para o fortalecimento das relacoes entre o movimento de mulheres latino americano e canhenho Sao jovens mulheres pretas, como desejam ser chamadas mulheres negras que com certeza responderiam os assertivas de um famoso misogino aspirante° piloto ae Kari Indo& dizendo que entre Mulher-Fusca e Mulher-Monza ser BMW nao nos interesso Umas sao famosas outras nem tanto Algumas sao radicais no discurso outras sao românticas mas todas sao conscientes das desigualdades de genero a superar2 Sao integrantes do movimento Hip-Hop cantoras de um estilo musical denominado rap visitador de nossos ouvidos desde a decada de 80 constituindo se hoje provavelmente no fenomeno urbano mais caractenstico da decada
Sarcomere neutralization in inherited cardiomyopathy: small-molecule proof-of-concept to correct hyper-Ca2+-sensitive myofilaments

We show here, as proof-of-concept, small-molecule-based Ca2+ desensitization for sarcomere neutralization therapy in models of acquired and inherited hyper-Ca2+-sensitive disease states. At both th...
Surveillance and analysis on measles antibody level of healthy population in Liwan District,Guangzhou in 2007

Objective To understand measles antibodies among healthy population in Liwan District,is the formulation immunity strategy and the appraisal immunity effect provides the basis.MethodsExamines the blood serum measles immune body level in the Liwan District draw an item at random part healthy personnel.ResultsAltogether extracts 420 people,the healthy crowd measles immune body total masculine gender rate is 68.1%,Protection ratio is 60%,GMT is 1∶216,The age group measles immune body masculine gender rate,the protection ratio,GMT after statistics examination,the difference have statistics significance(P0.05).The different sex measles immune body masculine gender rate,the protection ratio,after statistics examination,the difference do not have statistics significance(P0.05).Conclusion The healthy crowd measles immune body level is in the low level,in recent years measles morbidity presents the rise to make use of a favorable situation,suggested prompt and expands the scope vaccination measles vaccine,enhances the vaccination coverage,guaranteed the high protection ratio,forms the effective immunity barrier,can control measles effectively.
Greenhouse gas emissions from green waste composting windrow.

The process of composting is a source of greenhouse gases (GHG) that contribute to climate change. We monitored three field-scale green waste compost windrows over a one-year period to measure the seasonal variance of the GHG fluxes. The compost pile that experienced the wettest and coolest weather had the highest average CH4 emission of 254 ± 76 g C day−1 dry weight (DW) Mg−1 and lowest average N2O emission of 152 ± 21 mg N day−1 DW Mg−1compared to the other seasonal piles. The highest N2O emissions (342 ± 41 mg N day−1 DW Mg−1) came from the pile that underwent the driest and hottest weather. The compost windrow oxygen (O2) concentration and moisture content were the most consistent factors predicting N2O and CH4 emissions from all seasonal compost piles. Compared to N2O, CH4 was a higher contributor to the overall global warming potential (GWP) expressed as CO2 equivalents (CO2 eq.). Therefore, CH4 mitigation practices, such as increasing O2 concentration in the compost windrows through moisture control, feedstock changes to increase porosity, and windrow turning, may reduce the overall GWP of composting. Based on the results of the present study, statewide total GHG emissions of green waste composting were estimated at 789,000 Mg of CO2 eq., representing 2.1% of total annual GHG emissions of the California agricultural sector and 0.18% of the total state emissions.
Can Modal Skepticism Defeat Humean Skepticism

My topic is moderate modal skepticism in the spirit of Peter van Inwagen. Here understood, this is a conservative version of modal empiricism that severely limits the extent to which an ordinary agent can reasonably believe “exotic” possibility claims. I offer a novel argument in support of this brand of skepticism: modal skepticism grounds an attractive (and novel) reply to Humean skepticism. Thus, I propose that modal skepticism be accepted on the basis of its theoretical utility as a tool for dissolving philosophical paradox.
Bullying participant roles and gender as predictors of bystander intervention.

Although the importance of peer bystanders in bullying has been recognized, there are few studies that examine the phenomenon in relation to Latane and Darley's (1970) classic Bystander Intervention Model, which states that there are five stages of bystander intervention: (i) notice the event; (ii) interpret the event as an emergency that requires assistance; (iii) accept responsibility for intervening; (iv) know how to intervene or provide help; and (v) implement intervention decisions. This study examined preliminary evidence of reliability and validity of the Bystander Intervention Model in Bullying (Nickerson, Aloe, Livingston, & Feeley, 2014), and the extent to which bullying role behavior (bullying, assisting, victimization, defending, and outsider behavior) and gender predicted each step of the model with a sample of 299 middle school students. Results of a Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported a five-factor structure of the measure corresponding to the steps of the model. There was evidence of convergent validity and Cronbach alpha for each subscale exceeded .75. In addition, students who reported defending their peers were more likely to also engage in all five steps of the bystander intervention model, while victims were more likely to notice events, and outsiders were less likely to intervene. Gender differences and gender interactions were also found. Aggr. Behav. 43:281-290, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physical principles underlying cadherin-mediated cell-cell recognition

A variety of cell-cell adhesion processes are mediated by the (trans) dimerization of cadherin proteins presented from apposing cell surfaces. A multiscale combined experimental/theoretical approac...
Papermaking: The Historical Diffusion of an Ancient Technique

This chapter explores how and when techniques of paper making diffused from China across Eurasia to the Mediterranean region and from there to the rest of Europe in the period between 600 and 1500. It also investigates the factors that enhanced and impeded this spatial diffusion of knowledge, including the availability of raw materials and adoption of differing technologies, as well as the roles of religion, trade, physical environment, emigration, imports, and exports.
Ultrafast laser-collision-induced fluorescence in atmospheric pressure plasma

The implementation and demonstration of laser-collision-induced fluorescence (LCIF) generated in atmospheric pressure helium environments is presented in this communication. As collision times are observed to be fast (~10 ns), ultrashort pulse laser excitation (<100 fs) of the 23S to 33P (388.9 nm) is utilized to initiate the LCIF process. Both neutral-induced and electron-induced components of the LCIF are observed in the helium afterglow plasma as the reduced electric field (E/N) is tuned from <0.1 Td to over 5 Td. Under the discharge conditions presented in this study (640 Torr He), the lower limit of electron density detection is ~1012 e cm−3. The spatial profiles of the 23S helium metastable and electrons are presented as functions of E/N to demonstrate the spatial resolving capabilities of the LCIF method.
Effectiveness of foot fasciotomies in foot and ankle trauma.

Background Foot compartment syndrome (FCS) has been reported to cause neuropathic pain, claw or hammer toes, and motor and sensory disturbances. The optimal treatment of FCS is controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine if foot fasciotomies improve patient outcomes in high-energy, combat-related lower extremity trauma. Methods Medical records of patients with documented FCS from May 2007 to January 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Consecutive, matched control patients were identified based on similar hindfoot, mid-foot and/or forefoot injuries who did not undergo foot fasciotomy during the same period. The primary outcomes analysed were the development of claw or hammer toes and neuropathic pain. Results 19 patients with foot fasctiotomies were identified and matched with 19 controls. Median follow-up was 19.5 months (range, 3.5–47.5 months) for the combined cohorts. The most common mechanism of injury was an explosive blast. Nine fasciotomy and nine control patients sustained open foot fractures. Significantly more patients with foot fasciotomies developed claw toes (50% vs 17%, p=0.03). There were no significant differences in the development of neuropathic pain, sensory deficits, motor deficits, chronic pain, stiffness or infection. The fasciotomy patients underwent an average of 5.5 surgeries per patient versus 4 surgeries per patient in the control group. Conclusions Fasciotomy of the foot did not prevent neuropathic pain and deformities in patients with FCS in this study.
Intrinsically Switchable Frequency Reconfigurable Barium Strontium Titanate Resonators and Filters

Multimode transceivers for the next generation of wireless devices require new and innovative frequency-agile microwave circuit designs to reduce their complexity, size, and cost. Intrinsically switchable frequency reconfigurable thin-film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs) and filters that utilize these resonators are presented here for the very first time. Barium strontium titanate (BST) is a ferroelectric material that exhibits electric-field-induced piezoelectricity, which allows for the design of voltage controlled bulk acoustic wave devices. In this paper, a frequency reconfigurable resonator consisting of two series connected BST-based FBARs and a reconfigurable dual-band filter consisting of two 1.5 stage ladder-type bandpass filters are discussed. Their small size, simple design, and zero static power consumption make multifunctional ferroelectric thin-film devices attractive for use in adaptive and reconfigurable radios.
Transdisciplinarity in Research: Perspectives of Early Career Faculty.

Background:Early career faculty experiences and perspectives on transdisciplinary research are important yet understudied.Methods:Assistant professors at 50 top-ranked social work programs complete...
Surface-imaged silicon polymers for 193-nm excimer laser lithography

A negative-tone surface-imaged resist process based upon the area-selective oxidation of silicon-backbone polymers is described. A bromine-based plasma is the resist developer, where the oxidized polymer inhibits the bromine-initiated etching to yield a negative-tone image. Using either polysilanes or polysilynes, resist sensitivities in the range of 50 mJ/cm2 have been obtained and resolutions to 0.2 micrometers achieved. Photosensitizers can be added to further accelerate the photo-oxidation, resulting in sensitivities less than 20 mJ/cm2. The latent image formation is reciprocal with respect to fluence in the range 0.05 to 1.5 mJ/cm2 per pulse and with respect to repetition rate. The photo-oxidation contrast is one, whereas the bromine-based etch step can have a contrast as high as 5. In addition, the exposure, focus, and development latitudes have all been characterized and compared to other surface-imaged 193 nm resist systems.
Mitochondrial genomes of the regionally extinct Nittany Lion (Puma concolor from Pennsylvania)

Mountain lions ( Puma concolor ) were once endemic across the United States. The Northeastern population of mountain lions has been largely nonexistent since the early 1800s and was officially declared extinct in 2011. This regionally extinct mountain lion is Pennsylvania State University9s official mascot, where it is referred to as the 9Nittany Lion9. Our goal in this study was to use recent methodological advances in ancient DNA and massively parallel sequencing to reconstruct complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes of multiple Nittany Lions by sampling from preserved skins. This effort is part of a broader Nittany Lion Genome project intended to involve undergraduates in ancient DNA and bioinformatics research and to engage the broader Penn State community in discussions about conservation biology and extinction. Complete mtDNA genome sequences were obtained from five individuals. When compared to previously published sequences, Nittany Lions are not more similar to each other than to individuals from the Western U.S. and Florida. Supporting previous findings, North American mountain lions overall were more closely related to each other than to those from South America and had lower genetic diversity. This result emphasizes the importance of continued conservation in the Western U.S. and Florida to prevent further regional extinctions.
It’s not just showing up: How social identification with a veterans service organization relates to benefit-finding and social isolation among veterans.

Social identity theory suggests that the degree to which people identity with an organizational group can have multiple beneficial outcomes. This research focuses on how membership in and engagement with a Veterans Service Organization (VSO) relate to veterans' social isolation and perceptions that military service was beneficial to society, ultimately leading to improved veterans' health. Data from an online survey of 444 military veterans show that physical attendance and the degree to which veterans identify identification with the VSO play different roles in improving veterans' lives. Not only is VSO attendance linked to reduced social isolation but social isolation is further reduced when members both attend and feel strong social identification with the VSO. The degree to which veterans identify with the VSO is also directly linked to greater perceptions of benefit-finding from military service, even for those who do not physically partake in the VSO's activities. Lesser isolation and greater benefit-finding are related to lower levels of posttraumatic stress symptomology. The results suggest that VSOs may be integrated into new approaches to assist veterans' transition from military into civilian life. (PsycINFO Database Record
Imperial Spectacles: Spatial Visions of French Indochina in Henri Mouhot’s and Noé Filoz’s Exploration Accounts

Through the lens of Henri Mouhot’s and Noe Filoz’s travel accounts, this article examines how French explorers perceived and depicted the spatial dimension of Indochina between the mid-1850s and the mid-1870s. It identifies a colonial and a tropical representation of space. The former reveals the narrator’s thirst for rational exploitation and commercial connections, and the latter encapsulates an idealized, luxurious, and Edenic Indochina. Although these two visions stem from the same mindset, this article argues that differentiating them opens the way for a more refined understanding of the complexities and instabilities inherent in the traveling experience. Indeed, these two narratives reveal that colonial and tropical representations of Indochina sometimes contradicted each other or proved inadequate to render the unknown space the explorer experienced. What followed was a state of visual and mental confusion that revealed the precarious nature of the explorers’ “imperial spectacles.”
Endoscope-Assisted Microsurgery

The first published description of endoscope use in neurosurgery was in 1917, when a urologist in Chicago named V. L. L’Espinasse used a cystoscope to perform an endoscopic choroid plexus coagulation. Subsequently, the endoscope was used by Dandy in the early 1920s to address intraventricular pathologies. Because initial fiberscopes had poor optical quality for neurosurgical procedures, endoscopes were not widely adopted. The development by Hopkins of the rigid rod lens endoscope in the 1960s dramatically improved optics and regenerated interest in neurosurgical applications. Since then, neurosurgeons have expanded the role of the endoscope to work within the subarachnoid space and cisterns. The term “endoscopic-assisted microsurgery” (EAM) was coined by Hopf and Perneczky to indicate the use of an endoscope as a surgical adjunct in a procedure in which surgical manipulations are primarily made under microscopic visualization. This differs from “endoscopic-controlled” procedure in which the primary surgical manipulations are made under endoscopic visualization.
Biaxial mechanical behavior of excised porcine mitral valve leaflets

Anterior and posterior leaflets from excised porcine mitral valves were mechanically tested under cyclic equibiaxial and strip biaxial stretch protocols at a strain rate of 4-12%/s after preconditioning. Cauchy stress and Lagrangian strain were calculated for both membrane and three-dimensional cases. The leaflets exhibited nonlinearly elastic, anisotropic behavior. Both anterior and posterior leaflets were less extensible in the circumferential than in the radial direction under equibiaxial stretch, with stress ratios of 5.7 and 4.3, respectively. The posterior leaflets exhibited greater extensibility in both directions and lower circumferential posttransitional moduli (ranges 690-820 vs. 2,500-3,200 N/m for anterior). This larger posterior extensibility may be due to the greater number of chordal attachments, which provide additional mechanical stability to this structure. Coupling of radial and circumferential mechanical behavior was evidenced by the response to different stretch protocols, indicating a complex microstructural coupling between individual collagen fibers or bundles. These are the first biaxial data for mitral valves and are a foundation for the development of a more detailed quantitative material description.
The Medical Library Association Guide to Providing Consumer and Patient Health Information edited by Michele Spatz

This is an exceptional work that’s a necessity for any library that provides, in any way, shape, or form, consumer and/or patient health information, in other words, every library!Michelle Spatz, b...
Mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) life development: morphological, physiological, behavioral and molecular phenotypes.

Author(s): Perrichon, Prescilla; Stieglitz, John D; Xu, Elvis Genbo; Magnuson, Jason T; Pasparakis, Christina; Mager, Edward M; Wang, Yadong; Schlenk, Daniel; Benetti, Daniel D; Roberts, Aaron P; Grosell, Martin; Burggren, Warren W | Abstract: BackgroundMahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) is a commercially and ecologically important fish species that is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical waters. Biological attributes and reproductive capacities of mahi-mahi make it a tractable model for experimental studies. In this study, life development of cultured mahi-mahi from the zygote stage to adult has been described.ResultsA comprehensive developmental table has been created reporting development as primarily detailed observations of morphology. Additionally, physiological, behavioral, and molecular landmarks have been described to significantly contribute in the understanding of mahi life development.ConclusionRemarkably, despite the vast difference in adult size, many developmental landmarks of mahi map quite closely onto the development and growth of Zebrafish and other warm-water, active Teleost fishes.
An Analysis and Illustration of U.S. Adult and Workforce Education Policy.

Systematic policy analysis regarding the area of adult and workforce education (AWE) in the United States is limited in the literature. This article presents the results from a historical analysis ...
Formation of Copper(I) Oxide- and Copper(I) Cyanide–Polyacetonitrile Nanocomposites through Strong-Field Laser Processing of Acetonitrile Solutions of Copper(II) Acetate Dimer

Irradiation studies of acetonitrile solutions of copper(II) acetate dimer ([Cu(OAc)2]2) using high energy, simultaneously spatially and temporally focused (SSTF) ultrashort laser pulses are reported. Under ambient conditions, irradiation for relatively short periods of time (10-20 s) selectively produces relatively small, narrowly size-dispersed (3.5 ± 0.7 nm) copper(I) oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs) embedded in CuCN-polyacetonitrile polymers generated in situ by the laser. The Cu2O NPs become embedded in a CuCN-polyacetonitrile network as they form, stabilizing them and protecting the air-sensitive material from oxygen. Laser irradiation of acetonitrile causes fragmentation into transient radicals that initiate and terminate polymerization of acetonitrile. Control and mechanistic investigations reveal that HCN formed during laser irradiation reacts rapidly to reduce the Cu(II) centers in [Cu(OAc)2]2, leading to the formation of CuCN or, in the presence of water, Cu2O nanoparticles that bind and cross-link CuCN-polyacetonitrile chains. The acetate-bridged Cu(II) dimer unit is a required structural feature that functions to preorganize and direct the Cu(II) reduction and selective formation of CuCN and Cu2O nanoparticles. This study illustrates how rapid deposition of energy using shaped, ultrashort laser pulses can initiate multiple photolytic and thermal processes that lead to the selective formation of composite nanoparticle/polymer materials for applications in electronics and catalysis.
Distance Traveled to Obtain Clinical Abortion Care in the United States and Reasons for Clinic Choice.

Introduction: Greater distance to abortion facilities is associated with greater out-of-pocket costs, emergency room follow-up care, negative mental health, and delayed care among U.S. abortion pat...
The Democratic Digital Dollar: A Peer-to-Peer Savings & Payments Platform for Fully Inclusive State, Local, and National Money & Banking Systems

Many units of government see a need for more inclusive money, payment, and retail banking systems for the capture, storage, and transfer of spendable value among their constituents. Currently proliferating payments platforms, most provided by for-profit private sector entities, exclude too many people, and extract too much value in the form of needless transaction charges and other rents, to be up to the task of efficiently affording this essential commercial and financial utility to the full public on sensible terms. This document sketches a smart-device-accessible peer-to-peer (‘P2P’) platform – the ‘Digital Dollar Platform’ – which, thanks to new payment technologies, can easily be put into place and administered by any unit of government with a view to supplying this critical commercial and financial infrastructure to all of its constituents. Through the familiar legal mechanism of ‘compacting,’ moreover, subnational state and local units of government can progressively ‘build the platform out’ until the Fed or Treasury take it fully federal for all citizens, businesses, and approved residents of the US. The plan also is readily adapted to use in other jurisdictions, notably the Eurozone.
Personalized Fiber-Reinforcement Networks for Meniscus Reconstruction.

The menisci are fibrocartilaginous tissues that are crucial to the load-sharing and stability of the knee, and when injured, these properties are compromised. Meniscus replacement scaffolds have utilized the circumferential alignment of fibers to recapitulate the microstructure of the native meniscus; however, specific consideration of size, shape, and morphology has been largely overlooked. The purpose of this study was to personalize the fiber-reinforcement network of a meniscus reconstruction scaffold. Human cadaveric menisci were measured for a host of tissue (length, width) and subtissue (regional widths, root locations) properties, which all showed considerable variability between donors. Next, the asymmetrical fiber network was optimized to minimize the error between the dimensions of measured menisci and predicted fiber networks, providing a 51.0% decrease (p = 0.0091) in root-mean-square (RMS) error. Finally, a separate set of human cadaveric knees was obtained, and donor-specific fiber-reinforced scaffolds were fabricated. Under cyclic loading for load-distribution analysis, in situ implantation of personalized scaffolds following total meniscectomy restored contact area (253.0 mm2 to 488.9 mm2, p = 0.0060) and decreased contact stress (1.96 MPa to 1.03 MPa, p = 0.0025) to near-native values (597.4 mm2 and 0.83 MPa). Clinical use of personalized meniscus devices that restore physiologic contact stress distributions may prevent the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis following meniscal injury.
Demographic age-related variation in Circle of Willis completeness assessed by digital subtraction angiography.

OBJECTIVE: Incomplete circle of Willis (CoW) configuration is an important risk factor for cerebrovascular pathology, namely aneurysm formation and ischemic stroke. This study was performed to characterize CoW variation using digital subtraction angiography and to identify demographic and physiologic features that may influence the risk of having an incomplete CoW configuration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 274 patients who underwent cerebral angiography by a single surgeon for any indication was conducted. Each CoW branch was graded as normal, hypoplastic, or aplastic. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to assess the impact of age, gender, race, and certain comorbidities on CoW configuration. RESULTS: A complete CoW was identified in 37.23% of patients. In univariate analysis, patients CONCLUSIONS: CoW configuration shows considerable variation with age; however, further investigation is required to elucidate the full impact of other demographic and vascular risk factors on CoW anatomy.
Adaptive Control of MIMO Systems Using Sparsely Parameterized Controllers

In applications, it is usually desirable to implement the simplest controller in terms of signal interconnections and controller order. In accordance with this goal, this paper presents an adaptive output-feedback control technique for MIMO systems, where the order and structure of each SISO entry of the controller can be assigned an arbitrary parameterization. The first parameterization is based on a MIMO input-output model of fixed window length. The second parameterization constrains all SISO entries of each row of the controller to have the same denominator of specified order; the third parameterization constrains all SISO entries of the controller to have the same denominator of specified order; and the fourth parameterization allows complete flexibility in setting the structure and order of each SISO entry of the controller. PID, infinite impulse-response, finite impulse-response, and sparsely parameterized controllers can be specified as special cases. This paper 1) defines the regressor structure for each parameterization; 2) enumerates the number of updated coefficients of each parameterization; 3) provides bounds on the McMillan degree of each parameterization; and 4) provides numerical examples to illustrate the relative effectiveness of each parameterization.
Frailty: Evaluation and Management

Frailty, which is a geriatric syndrome that affects 5% to 17% of older adults, is a state of increased vulnerability across multiple health domains that leads to adverse health outcomes. Frail older adults are at increased risk of falls, disability, hospitalizations, and death. Frailty may initially be overlooked or incorrectly identified as part of the normal aging process because of the variable nature of the presentation and diagnosis. Symptoms include generalized weakness, exhaustion, slow gait, poor balance, decreased physical activity, cognitive impairment, and weight loss. There is no current recommendation for routine screening. A comprehensive geriatric assessment can identify risk factors and symptoms that suggest frailty. Several validated frailty assessment tools can evaluate a patient for frailty. Patients are diagnosed as not-frail, prefrail, or frail. Patients with a larger number of frail attributes are at higher risk of poor outcomes. The management of frail patients must be individualized and tailored to each patient's goals of care and life expectancy. Physical activity and balance exercises may be suitable for patients who are less frail. Palliative care and symptom control may be appropriate for those who are more frail.
Sanctioning Qualified-Immunity Appeals

Qualified immunity is awful. But it’s not just the substantive defense that is a problem. Qualified immunity also comes with a slew of special appellate procedures that add difficulty, expense, and delay to civil-rights litigation. Defendants have a right to immediately appeal from the denial of immunity. And the federal courts have steadily expanded the scope and availability of those appeals, further ensuring that civil-rights litigation will not be quick or easy. There is one seeming exception to the ever-expanding right to appeal from the denial of qualified immunity: Johnson v. Jones’s limit on the scope of appeals from the denial of immunity at summary judgment. Johnson holds that, with rare and narrow exceptions, the courts of appeals lack jurisdiction to second guess the factual basis for the immunity denial. They must instead take the district court’s assessment of the summary-judgment record as given and limit themselves to the core qualified-immunity issues. This limit on the scope of appeals was supposed to simplify and streamline litigation. But defendants flout Johnson’s limits with some regularity. They appeal and—without invoking an exception to Johnson—base their arguments on facts different than those that the district court thought a reasonable jury could find. Courts eventually reject these arguments as barred by Johnson. But at that point, the damage has been done. The defendant has created wholly unnecessary work for plaintiffs and delayed any progress in the suit for a year or more. Should qualified immunity stick around in its current or an altered form, it will be imperative to reform the rules governing qualified-immunity appeals. Foreclosing defendants’ abusive, fact-based qualified-immunity appeals will be a central part of that reform. But in the interim, something must be done. And that something is sanctions. I found few instances in which courts of appeals sanctioned defendants for violating Johnson. That needs to change. These appeals are frivolous. And the defendants who take them should be sanctioned.
A practical review of buprenorphine utilization for the emergency physician in the era of decreased prescribing restrictions.

Abstract Introduction Opioid abuse and overdose deaths have reached epidemic proportions in the last couple decades. In response to rational prescribing initiatives, utilization of prescription opioids has decreased; however, the number of deaths due to opioid overdoses continues to rise, largely driven by fentanyl analogues in adulterated heroin. Solutions to the opioid crisis must be multifaceted and address underlying opioid addiction. In recent years, buprenorphine has become a cornerstone in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) and initiation of therapy in the emergency department (ED) has become increasingly common. There have also been calls by many organizations to remove the requirement for additional training and X-waiver to prescribe buprenorphine. In April 2021, the Biden Administration eased prescribing restrictions on the drug. These initiatives are expected to increase ED utilization of the buprenorphine. The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated overview of the role and use of buprenorphine in the ED setting so physicians may adapt to the changing practice environment. Objectives This is a narrative review describing the role of buprenorphine in the ED. A PubMed search was conducted using the keywords “opioid epidemic” “buprenorphine,” and “medication assisted therapy”, and “emergency department”. All the articles that contained information on the opioid epidemic, medication assisted therapy, and the biological effects of buprenorphine, that were also relevant to pain management and the ED, were included in the review. Discussion Multiple studies have pointed to the effective use of buprenorphine as a treatment for OUDs in ED patients and are superior to standard care; however, there are various barriers to its use in the ED setting. Conclusion Emergency physicians can influence opioid related morbidity and mortality, by familiarizing themselves with the use of buprenorphine to treat opioid withdrawal and addiction, particularly now that prescribing restrictions have been eased. Further ED research is necessary to assess the optimal use of buprenorphine in this care setting.
Entry Deterrence, Concentration, and Merger Policy

Likelihood of entry is considered to be a mitigating factor in the analysis of a merger’s competitive effects. Entry analyses in horizontal merger investigations typically focus on the incentives and ability of potential entrants to enter the market and restore its competitiveness in the event the merger creates anti-competitive effects. There is, however, a well-developed body of research in economics – both theoretical and empirical – that explores the incentives of incumbent firms to proactively engage in entry deterrence, say, by lobbying an industry regulator to adopt rules that make entry harder. We show that the increased concentration that results from a merger can increase incumbent incentives to deter entry, making the likelihood of entry less than that predicted by only an analysis of a potential entrant’s incentives and ability. Two important policy implications for merger investigations are: (i) prior entry – which is taken as an indication of ease of post-merger entry – may be of limited evidentiary value, and (ii) reduced likelihood of post-merger entry can be a competitive concern in its own right and not simply a mitigating factor with regards to traditional merger effects like increase in prices or loss of innovation.
Core Test Language based High Quality Memory Testing and Repair Methodology

Memories are highly structured and typically consume a large portion of the silicon within a design. As memories are highly dense and designed to the limits of the technology, they are more prone to failures than logic. Thus, memories concentrate a large majority of the defects. Several techniques have been established to target and detect defects within these memory instances and their interfacing logic. The techniques involve a systematic method of writing and reading data patterns to and from these memory instances. The IEEE 1450.6.2-2014 standard provides a documented means of describing the information required to enable memory built-in self-test (MBIST) hardware insertion and connection to the memories under test while providing the capability to utilize the most advanced memory testing techniques to test, perform failure analysis and, when redundant resources exist, repair these memories. MBIST models which strictly adhere to the IEEE 1450.6.2-2014 standard will enable EDA tool independence and provide consistent quality across all platforms. This paper describes some aspects of this standard and the challenges faced by memory providers, the producers of these models, while creating standard compliant MBIST models. The paper also describes the advantages of generating standard compliant MBIST models from the SoC designer and design implementation point of view along with MBIST tool providers, consumers of these models. The paper describes the Cadence Design Systems, Inc. environment comprising Genus, Modus, Xcelium and some standard utilities to enable the generation and validation of these views.
Bio-optical model of remote sensing signals in a stratified ocean

Several semi-analytic models exist for the inherent optical properties of sea water, at least for Case 1 waters. In these waters, models based on chlorophyll-a concentration seem to be fairly successful. For passive remote sensing, the critical properties are the backscattering coefficient and the zenith diffuse attenuation coefficient. The former describes the total scattering at angles > 0.5π steradians. The diffuse attenuation coefficient is not strictly an inherent optical property, because it depends on the sun angle. The zenith diffuse attenuation coefficient, defined as the attenuation of a diffuse source located at the zenith, depends only on the optical properties of the water. The observed remote sensing reflectance can be estimated from these two parameters and the solar zenith angle. Most of the investigations to date have assumed that the chlorophyll concentration does not vary with depth. This assumption is often quite good, because of the limited penetration of light into sea water. We will consider the case of intense thin plankton layers on a shallow pycnocline, where this assumption might not be valid. For active remote sensing, an additional parameter is important. This parameter is the volume scattering function at a scattering angle of π steradians, which is the sum of contributions from sea water and particles in the water. The sea water contribution is known. The particulate contribution can be modeled as the product of the scattering coefficient, which depends on chlorophyll concentration, and the phase function at π steradians, which does not.
Barrett’s Metaplasia and Adenocarcinoma

Although the phenomenon of a lower esophagus lined by columnar epithelium has been appreciated for over 30 years, only recently have the pathogenesis and significance of the change begun to emerge. Barrett1,2 and other earlier investigators considered the change to be a “congenital short esophagus” with a portion of gastric cardia and fundus being pulledup into the thorax. Subsequent clinical and experimental evidence has clearly shown the phenomenon to be an acquired metaplastic lesion with potential for neoplastic progres¬sion.3–35 As used currently, the term Barrett’s esophagus refers to a metaplastic change in which a variable segment of the normal squamous epithelium above the physiologic lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is replaced with a complex mixture of columnar epithelial types that include differentiation toward small bowel, gastric cardia, and gastric fundus.26,27
DIFFERENTIAL INTERACTION OF TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE SIMIAN VIRUS 40 T ANTIGENS WITH TUMOR SUPPRESSORS PRB AND P53

Previous studies have shown that simian virus 40 large T antigen transforms cells by binding and inactivating suppressors of cell cycle progression and tumor formation. Here, we characterize the interactions of five temperature-sensitive T antigens with the tumor suppressor proteins pRb and p53. All five mutant T antigens bind pRb at the nonpermissive temperature with efficiencies similar to that of wild-type T antigen. A single transformation-competent mutant, with a substitution of amino acid 186, binds p53 at the nonpermissive temperature. Four transformation-defective mutants, with a substitution at T antigen position 357, 422, 427, or 438, are temperature sensitive for the binding and inactivation of p53. Our findings provide a basis for understanding the behavior of cells transformed by temperature-sensitive T antigens.
Bilateral asymmetric traumatic hip dislocation in adolescence: a report of two cases and review of the literature

Traumatic bilateral asymmetric hip dislocation is an extremely uncommon injury and rarely seen in children. We report two such cases in adolescent females injured in separate accidents. One of these patients also suffered a left femoral shaft fracture, ipsilateral labral avulsion and contra-lateral acetabular fracture. We report our experience in the management of this complex injury pattern and review the pertinent literature on the subject.
Value of Chemical Fractionation for Identifying the Toxic Components of Complex Aqueous Effluents

Chemical fractionation can be used to separate complex aqueous effluents into several less complex fractions, and this technique has been combined with mutagenesis testing to provide an effective means of screening the potential health hazards of products and of aqueous effluents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of combining chemical fractionation with acute toxicity testing as a method of identifying and quantitatively assessing those components of a synthetic fuel process effluent that are toxic to aquatic biota. A representative synthetic fuel effluent was fractionated into three organic fractions (acid, base, and neutral) and an inorganic fraction. The original effluent, the fractions, and a reconsituted effluent were tested for acute toxicity to Daphnia magna. The results demonstrated that (1) the neutral fraction was the most toxic; (2) the acid and neutral fractions contributed the most toxicity, 51.3 and 41.9%, respectively, to the toxicity of the whole effluent; (3) the toxicities of the four fractions were additive; and (4) the fractionation process did not significantly alter the toxicity of the effluent. Possible applications of this approach, as well as its limitations, are discussed.