cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolvable and scalable system of content servers for a large digital preservation archives

Building a large-scale digital preservation archives system (LDPAS) for long-term access is a challenging endeavor. The three most significant system requirements contributing to that challenge are the scalability of the system, accommodation of heterogeneous digital holdings, and the evolvability of both the constituting technologies and the data formats in storage. The amount of digital-born materials requiring long-term preservation and access is overwhelming due to the fast pace of information technology and its widespread utilization in government, business corporations, academic institutions, and the general public. Compounding to the data volume challenge is the heterogeneity of the data, which range from the products of office automation and geospatial images, to multimedia artifacts. Storing and preserving digital objects must be accomplished in a way that allows access to the objects independently of the platform technology and software applications used to create these objects. As the technologies change rapidly, the LDPAS must accommodate the changes to its benefit, while also increasing in scale. A successful LDPAS must be able to adapt to the two-fold evolutionary demands. The evolution of the system software with time is the norm in any large-scale long-term system. But, even more important is the system's capability to cope with the evolution of the very software applications that generated the digital objects archived within it. In this paper, we propose an architecture of a system of Content Servers, which can scale with the data volume growth, continually sustain evolution in the face of technological change, and provide different levels of service to the different kinds of users accessing the LDPAS. We describe the concept, components and services of a Content Server in the context of digital archiving, service-oriented architecture (SOA) and the Open Archive Information System (OAIS) reference model. Several possible deployment configurations are shown to illustrate the efficient utilization of low level services and the flexibility of the system to scale up or down.
Understory vegetation in old-growth and second-growth Tsuga canadensis forests in western Massachusetts

We compared the understory communities (herbs, shrubs, and tree seedlings and saplings) of oldgrowth and second-growth eastern hemlock forests (Tsuga canadensis) in western Massachusetts, USA. Second-growth hemlock forests originated following clear-cut logging in the late 1800s and were 108– 136 years old at the time of sampling. Old-growth hemlock forests contained total ground cover of herbaceous and shrub species that was approximately 4 times greater than in second-growth forests (4.02 � 0.41%/m 2 versus 1.06 � 0.47%/m 2 ) and supported greater overall species richness and diversity. In addition, seedling and sapling densities were greater in old-growth stands compared to second-growth stands and the composition of these layers was positively correlated with overstory species composition (Mantel tests, r > 0.26, P < 0.05) highlighting the strong positive neighborhood effects in these systems. Ordination of study site understory species composition identified a strong gradient in community composition from second-growth to old-growth stands. Vector overlays of environmental and forest structural variables indicated that these gradients were related to differences in overstory tree density, nitrogen availability, and coarse woody debris characteristics among hemlock stands. These relationships suggest that differences in resource availability (e.g., light, moisture, and nutrients) and microhabitat heterogeneity between old-growth and second-growth stands were likely driving these compositional patterns. Interestingly, several common forest understory plants, including Aralia nudicaulis, Dryopteris intermedia, and Viburnum alnifolium, were significant indicator species for old-growth hemlock stands, highlighting the lasting legacy of past land use on the reestablishment and growth of these common species within second-growth areas. The return of old-growth understory conditions to these second-growth areas will largely be dependent on disturbance and self-thinning mediated changes in overstory structure, resource availability, and microhabitat heterogeneity.
Instant multimedia contents downloading system using a 60-GHZ-2.4-GHZ hybrid wireless link

This paper presents a cost-effective high-speed multimedia-content download system using a hybrid wireless link consisting of a 60-GHz (mmWave) link and a conventional wireless link, such as IEEE 802.11. The capability gap between the components of existing systems and a mmWave link caps system-level performance and degrades resource utilization. We developed an FPGA-based prototype system to investigate system-level performance for well balanced systems. Our performance evaluation involved changing the PHY parameters, data acknowledgement (ACK) methods and link quality. Under the point-to-point network, our results confirmed that a hybrid system with a unidirectional mmWave link using software burst ACK and well optimized packet and burst sizes can achieve competitive performance.
An Adaptive and Non Linear Technique for Enhancement of Extremely High Contrast Images

In night time surveillance, there is a possibility of having extremely bright and dark regions in some image frames of a video sequence. A novel non linear image enhancement algorithm for digital images captured under such extremely non-uniform lighting conditions is proposed in this paper. The new technique constitutes three processes viz. adaptive intensity enhancement, contrast enhancement and color restoration. Adaptive intensity enhancement uses a specifically designed nonlinear transfer function which is capable of reducing the intensity of bright regions and at the same time enhancing the intensity of dark regions. Contrast enhancement tunes the intensity of each pixels magnitude based on its surrounding pixels. Finally, a linear color restoration process based on the chromatic information of the input image frame is applied to convert the enhanced intensity image back to a color image.
Microfluidic carbonylated protein capture

We report a proof of principle study for the use of oxalyldihydrazide as a crosslinker for enrichment of carbonylated proteins within a microfluidic chip. Surface modification steps are characterized and analyzed using analytical techniques. We use in vitro oxidized bovine serum albumin as a model protein for testing the selectivity and specificity of the methodology for carbonylated proteins. We demonstrate high specificity for our target protein, obtaining 100% capture of our target molecule during the first three minutes of continuous injection. After 30 minutes of continuous loading, the device captures half of the targeted molecules. Elution of the proteins is confirmed qualitatively. Under the flow conditions used in this experiment, nearly 300 ng of proteins can be enriched prior to chip saturation. This report suggests the validity of using immobilized oxalyldihydrazide on a microchip as an enrichment methodology for low abundance proteins in a sample.
[[[(Dimethylamino)methylene]amino]methylene]dimethylammonium Chloride†

[20353-93-9] C6H14ClN3 (MW 163.65) InChI = 1S/C6H14N3.ClH/c1-8(2)5-7-6-9(3)4;/h5-6H,1-4H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 InChIKey = DEIBXAPEZDJDRC-UHFFFAOYSA-M (β-dimethylaminomethylenating agent for ketones and amines;2 yields enamino derivatives of esters and lactones;3 converts Grignard reagents to aldehydes4) Alternate Name: Gold's reagent. Physical Data: mp 100–102 °C. Solubility: sol water, chloroform; insol nonpolar organic solvents. Form Supplied in: tan to dark brown solid; commercially available. Preparative Methods: 5 a 1 L, one-necked, round-bottomed flask is equipped with a Claisen adapter, mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser, and mineral oil bubbler. The flask is charged with cyanuric chloride (73.8 g, 0.4 mol) (Caution: cyanuric chloride is a lachrymator and causes burns on contact with the skin), N,N-Dimethylformamide (175.4 g, 2.4 mol) and 1,4-dioxane (100 mL). The resulting solution is stirred and heated at 85 °C for 2–3 h while a considerable amount of carbon dioxide is evolved. When gas evolution is minimal, the reaction mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature; the product rapidly solidifies (eq 1). The flask which contains the solid product is connected to an isopropyl alcohol/dry ice trap and the solvent is removed by evacuating the system to approximately 0.05 mmHg. The crude product weighs 186–187 g (95% yield). Another method of isolating the product is by rapid filtration and washing with acetone. (1) Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 3.27 (s, 6H, two CH3), 3.43 (s, 6H, two CH3), 9.57 (s, 2H, CHN). Handling, Storage, and Precautions: Gold's reagent is very hygroscopic and should be handled under a moisture-free environment. If kept dry, it has a substantial shelf-life. Store in desiccator over anhydrous calcium sulfate.
Status and Exchange in the Profession of Anthropology

This is a study of the distribution of Ph.D.s in anthropology who obtained their degrees from and who are teaching in Ph.D.-granting departments in the United States and Canada. 1358 graduates of 80 departments are considered. A quantitative method of ranking departments, based upon exchange theory principles, is applied to this universe and its results compared to the results of a qualitative ranking carried out by the American Council of Education (A.C.E.) based upon personal evaluation of departments by anthropologists themselves. An elite is designated and the degree to which that elite dominates the academic profession is expressed in terms of the distribution of its graduates as faculty of elite schools, other Ph.D.-granting schools, and non-Ph.D.-granting schools as compared with the distribution of nonelite graduates among those same faculties. A suggestion is made concerning the social structure of the academic profession of anthropology based on the results of the study.
The effects of vitamin A and retinoic acid supplementation to neonatal rats or dietary vitamin A supplementation to lactating mothers on vitamin A metabolism and kinetics in neonatal rats (645.20)

The objective of the present study was to explore how vitamin A (VA) supplementation to neonatal rats or lactating mothers affects VA status and kinetics in neonatal rats. Rat pups received an oral...
A numerical study of heat and momentum transfer for tube bundles in crossflow

A numerical scheme is developed to predict the heat transfer and pressure drop coefficients in flow through rigid tube bundles. The scheme uses the Galerkin finite element technique. The conservation equations for laminar steady-state flow are cast in the form of streamfunction and vorticity equations. A Picard iteration method is used for the solution of the resulting system of non-linear algebraic equations. Results for the heat transfer and pressure drop coefficients are obtained for tube arrays of pitch ratios of 1·5 and 2·0. Very good agreement of the present results and experimental data obtained in the past is observed up to Reynolds numbers of 1000. It is also observed that the results of the present method show better agreement with the experimental data and that they are applicable for higher Reynolds numbers than results of other studies.
ITAM-Coupled Receptors Inhibit IFNAR Signaling and Alter Macrophage Responses to TLR4 and Listeria monocytogenes

ITAM-coupled receptors play an essential role in regulating macrophage activation and function by cross-regulating signaling from heterologous receptors. We investigated mechanisms by which ITAM-associated receptors inhibit type I IFN (IFN-α/β) signaling in primary human macrophages and tested the effects of simultaneous ligation of ITAM-associated receptors and TLR4 on TLR4-induced Jak-STAT signaling that is mediated by autocrine IFN-β. Preligation of ITAM-coupled β2 integrins and FcγRs inhibited proximal signaling by the type I IFN receptor IFNAR. Cross-inhibition of IFNAR signaling by β2 integrins resulted in decreased Jak1 activation and was mediated by partial downregulation of the IFNAR1 subunit and MAPK-dependent induction of USP18, which blocks the association of Jak1 with IFNAR2. Simultaneous engagement of ITAM-coupled β2 integrins or Dectin-1 with TLR4 did not affect TLR4-induced direct activation of inflammatory target genes such as TNF or IL6 but abrogated subsequent induction of IFN response genes that is mediated by autocrine IFN-β signaling. Type I IFNs promote macrophage death postinfection by Listeria monocytogenes. Consequently, attenuation of IFN responses by β2 integrins protected primary human macrophages from L. monocytogenes-induced apoptosis. These results provide a mechanism for cross-inhibition of type I IFN signaling by ITAM-coupled β2 integrins and demonstrate that ITAM signaling qualitatively modulates macrophage responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and pathogens by selectively suppressing IFN responses.
Challenges to Sustainability in the Caribbean Karst

Karst landscapes in the Caribbean cover nearly 130,000km2, more than half the total land area of the region. Approximately 90% of the karst is on the Greater Antilles, with other significant areas in the Bahamas, Anguilla, Antigua, the Cayman Islands, the Virgin Islands, Guadeloupe, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Netherlands Antilles. There is considerable heterogeneity, but the Caribbean contains many “classic” karst landscapes, including cockpits, towers, dry valleys, dolines (sinkholes), blue holes and caves. The karst has played an important role in Caribbean history, as a focus of resistance to colonial power, and as a basis for subsistence agriculture following emancipation and independence, increasingly incorporating commercial agriculture, urbanization and industrial activities, and tourism. Karst landscape provides a critical physical backdrop for many of the Caribbean’s environmental, agricultural, economic and cultural issues, and its sustainability is critical to regional wellbeing. The Caribbean karstlands are challenging to human habitation, since they possess a broad array of natural hazards, such as drought and flooding, but they are also inherently fragile, at risk of degradation and vulnerable to environmental change. Despite this vulnerability to environmental change, under rational management regimes there is no inherent reason why human use should not be sustainable in the long term. Human impacts, however, have been long-term and severe, particularly through destruction of natural vegetation, contamination of water supplies, urbanization and quarrying. .The Caribbean karst continues to play important roles locally, nationally and regionally in water supply, mining and quarrying, agriculture, tourism and conservation, all of which represent specific and collective challenges to sustainability of the karst environment. Additionally, sustainability is threatened by the consequences of anthropogenic climatic change, which is predicted to lead to increasing air and water temperatures, rising sea levels and changing weather patterns, including decreasing precipitation totals, and the increasing frequency of extreme events, such as droughts and hurricanes, the effects of all of which will be magnified in the karst, particularly with respect to karst hydrology. Disruption of the karst hydrological cycle may lead to increasing aridity and desertification, with concomitant impacts on ecology and potential land use. Increasing population and economic development will further exacerbate human impacts on the karst landscapes. Climate change and other human impacts will increasingly threaten already at-risk and vulnerable ecosystems and human communities, necessitating integration of climate change parameters and the adoption of appropriate risk management measures. The severity of these impacts may be reduced by appropriate land management and land use planning, which are necessary ingredients for long-term sustainability.
Nitrous oxide flux from soil amino acid mineralization

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas produced during microbial transformation of soil N that has been implicated in global climate warming. Nitrous oxide efflux from N fertilized soils has been modeled using NO3 content with a limited success, but predicting N2O production in non-fertilized soils has proven to be much more complex. The present study investigates the contribution of soil amino acid (AA) mineralization to N2O flux from semi-arid soils. In laboratory incubations (K34 kPa moisture potential), soil mineralization of eleven AAs (100 mg AA‐N g K1 soil) promoted a wide range in the production of N2O (156.0G79.3 ng N2O-N g K1 soil) during 12 d incubations. Comparison of the d 13 C content (‰) of the individual AAs and the d 13 C signature of the respired AA‐CO2-C determined that, with the exception of TYR, all of the AAs were completely mineralized during incubations, allowing for the calculation of a N2O-N conversion rate from each AA. Next, soils from three different semi-arid vegetation ecosystems with a wide range in total N content were incubated and monitored for CO2 and N2O efflux. A model utilizing CO2 respired from the three soils as a measure of organic matter C mineralization, a preincubation soil AA composition of each soil, and the N2O-N conversion rate from the AA incubations effectively predicted the range of N2O production by all three soils. Nitrous oxide flux did not correspond to factors shown to influence anaerobic denitrification, including soil NO3 contents, soil moisture, oxygen consumption, and CO2 respiration, suggesting that nitrification and aerobic nitrifier denitrification
A distributed approach to summarizing spaces of multiagent schedules

We introduce the Multiagent Disjunctive Temporal Problem (MaDTP), a new distributed formulation of the widely-adopted Disjunctive Temporal Problem (DTP) representation. An agent that generates a summary of all viable schedules, rather than a single schedule, can be more useful in dynamic environments. We show how a (Ma)DTP with the properties of minimality and decomposability provides a particularly efficacious solution space summary. However, in the multiagent case, these properties sacrifice an agent's strategic interests while incurring significant computational overhead. We introduce a new property called local decomposability that exploits loose-coupling between agents' problems, protects strategic interests, and supports typical queries. We provide and evaluate a new distributed algorithm that summarizes agents' solution spaces in significantly less time and space by using local, rather than full, decomposability.
Chromatic layering and color relationalism

Brown highlights cases of "chromatic layering"--scenarios in which one perceives an opaque object through a transparent volume/film/filter with a chromatic or achromatic content of its own--as a way of reining in the argument from perceptual variation sometimes used to motivate a relationalist account of color properties. Brown urges that the argument in question does not generalize smoothly to all types of perceptual variation--in particular, that it fits poorly in layering cases in which there is either experiential fusion or scission. While he doesn't want to reject the relationalist description of variation in all cases, he does suggest that there is an alternative, and preferable, description available for layering cases, and that the availability of this alternative puts limits on the scope of both relationalist arguments and relationalist conclusions. I claim that the obstacles for the argument from perceptual variation (hence for relationalism) posed by cases of layering are merely apparent. I argue that relationalism can be extended smoothly to cases of layering, and indeed that denying this extension, as Brown proposes, contravenes ordinary and more or less universally accepted canons of rational inquiry.
Decontamination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Leafy Green Vegetables Using Ascorbic Acid and Copper Alone or in Combination with Organic Acids

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of ascorbic acid and copper alone or in combination with organic acids in decontaminating leafy greens (cilantro, parsley, and dill) that were artificially contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7. Samples were individually submerged in an approximately 8 log CFU/mL cocktail suspension consisting of three E. coli O157:H7 strains. To allow attachment, inoculated samples were air dried under a biosafety hood for 2 h before exposure to various treatment solutions. Individual samples were then treated with either alone or with a combination solution of ascorbic, acetic, lactic, copper, or water (control). Our results indicated that a reduction of at least 2.0 CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7 was achieved when a combination of 0.2 % ascorbic with acetic acid and 50 ppm copper with 0.2 % lactic acid were applied. These results demonstrated that combination treatments could be useful in improving the microbial safety of cilantro, parsley, and dill.
Infrared Optical Guided Modes in Plasma Deposited Gold Clusters Embedded in a Polymer Matrix

Measurements of the refractive index of discontinuous metallic films, consisting of gold clusters embedded in a dielectric matrix prepared in a capacitively coupled coplanar diode radio frequency discharged system, are reported. These composite films were analyzed to determine the metal volume fraction, the thickness and the cluster size. Optical characterizations in the visible and near infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, particularly, in the near-IR region (Nd/YAG laser wavelength 1.0642 μm), where the absorption coefficient of these materials is very low (k < 0.001) were performed. Optical guided modes analysis allowed careful measurement of the effective medium refractive index.
Tunable Optical Anisotropy of Seeded CdSe/CdS Nanorods

We demonstrate structurally tunable optical anisotropy of seeded-growth CdSe/CdS dot-in-rod heterostructures using polarized excitation spectroscopy. The elongated anisotropic CdS shell confers optical anisotropy to the electronic transitions of the CdSe core. Although a rod-shaped shell geometry is a necessary precondition to observing polarized optical properties, the degree of linear polarization is not a strong function of aspect ratio. Rather, tuning the local anisotropy of the emissive core materials by changing the thickness of the anisotropic shell changes the degree of optical anisotropy more dramatically. As the diameter of the core material comprises a greater share (>90%) of the dot-in-rod diameter, the anisotropy of the CdSe core states doubles compared to those for which the core represents <50% of the heterostructure diameter.
Damaging DNA with Ultrafast Hard X-rays

Preliminary results on damaging DNA with ultrafast x-rays seem to suggest that ultrafast x-rays generated with an ultrafast laser are more effective to cause strand breaks in DNA than conventional continuous-wave x-rays.
Patient cueing, a type of diagnostic error.

Diagnostic failure can be due to a variety of psychological errors on the part of the diagnostician. An erroneous diagnosis rendered by previous clinicians can lead a diagnostician to the wrong diagnosis. This report is the case of a patient who misdiagnosed herself and then led an emergency room physician and subsequent treating physicians to the wrong diagnosis. This mechanism of diagnostic error can be called patient cueing
Motivation and retention of Iowa’s Master Gardener volunteers

Retention of participants in volunteer organizations has been shown to be not only a challenge, but also a great benefit to the organization. Rising costs of training and continuing education make each interaction valuable from both perspectives. Volunteer opportunities are abundant but must be meaningful and engaging for the participants in order to keep them involved. Using electronic survey software, Iowa Master Gardeners were asked to respond to a series of questions investigating 1) the current demographics of the population, 2) reasons volunteers associate with the Master Gardener program, and 3) the continuing education topics and delivery methods most preferred by Iowa Master Gardeners.
Nutrition and the older diabetic.

Abnormal glucose tolerance occurs in more than 60% of adults older than 60 years of age because of a decrease in glucose tolerance as a result of decreased insulin sensitivity and impairment of pancreatic β-cell function. Because the population of the United States is aging, the incidence of diabetes mellitus continues to increase. Therefore, the role of dietary treatment for diabetes in the older individual is becoming more important to understand. Diet recommendations for patients with diabetes mellitus mainly focus on young and middle-aged individuals—few definitive studies have been done in the older person. This article reviews the contributions of various nutritional elements to the health status of older people.
Genetic Isolation of Hypothalamic Neurons that Regulate Context-Specific Male Social Behavior

Nearly all animals engage in a complex assortment of social behaviors that are essential for the survival of the species. In mammals, these behaviors are regulated by sub-nuclei within the hypothalamus, but the specific cell types within these nuclei responsible for coordinating behavior in distinct contexts are only beginning to be resolved. Here, we identify a population of neurons in the ventral premammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus (PMV) that are strongly activated in male intruder mice in response to a larger resident male but that are not responsive to females. Using a combination of molecular and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that these PMV neurons regulate intruder-specific male social behavior and social novelty recognition in a manner dependent on synaptic release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. These data provide direct evidence for a unique population of neurons that regulate social behaviors in specific contexts.
Simulation Driven Policy Recommendations for Code Diversity

Periodic randomization of a computer program’s binary code is an attractive technique for defending against several classes of advanced threats. In this paper we describe a model of attacker-defender interaction in which the defender employs such a technique against an attacker who is actively constructing an exploit using Return Oriented Programming (ROP). In order to successfully build a working exploit, the attacker must guess the locations of several small chunks of program code, known as gadgets, in the defended program’s memory space. The defender thwarts the attacker’s efforts by periodically re-randomizing his code. Randomization incurs some performance cost, therefore an ideal strategy strikes an acceptable balance between utility degradation (cost) and security (benefit). We present risk aware and risk agnostic policy recommendations that were generated using simulation techniques. We found that policies that create low volatility environments are ideal for risk sensitive actors while policies that favor high system performance are more suitable for higher risk appetites.
The SWI/SNF Protein Machine: Helping Transcription Factors Contend With Chromatin-Mediated Repression

Publisher Summary SWI/SNF protein complex plays a crucial role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. This large complex is required for transcriptional induction of a large number of yeast genes and is required for many transcriptional activators to enhance transcription. Although originally identified in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, putative homologs for SWI/SNF subunits have been identified in Drosophila, mice, and humans. A current hypothesis is that the SWI/SNF complex facilitates activator function by contending with chromatin-mediated repression of transcription. This proposal is based on genetic studies in which chromatin components were identified as mutations that alleviated the requirement for the SWI/SNF complex in activator function. Recently, the yeast SWI/SNF complex has been purified to near homogeneity. The purified SWI/SNF complex antagonizes chromatin function—the complex uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to stimulate the binding of an activator to nucleosomal DNA.
Positive Solutions of Nonlinear Eigenvalue Problems

Let X be a real Banach space and let K be a cone in X; i. e., K is i) closed, ii) convex, and iii) u ∈ K and a ≥ 0 implies a u ϵ K. We further assume that K is proper: K ∩ (−K) = {0} and that each vector u ϵ X can be represented as u = u1 − u2 with u1 and u2 in K. Consider a continuous map F = F(λ, u) from [0, ∞) × K into K satisfying F(λ, 0) = 0 for all λ ≥ 0. One says F is compact if F maps each bounded set in [0, ∞) × K into a precompact set in K. We say F has a derivative at u = 0, denoted dF(0), if dF(0) is a linear map satisfying F(λ, u) − F(λ, 0) − dF(0)u = o(‖u‖) for u ∈ K, uniformly in λ.
Want to become a music composer?: try with intermediate programming skills

Designing interesting assignments and projects is a task that every instructor attempts to accomplish in an effort to keep students motivated and engaged. This paper describes the design and implementation of a computer generated music assignment for students enrolled in a second course in java. A discussion on student performance in this assignment and their reactions are also included in the paper.
Personality, Stress and Resilience: A Multifactorial Cognitive Science Perspective

Personality traits are consistently correlated with various indices of acute psychological stress response, including negative emotions and performance impairment. However, resilience is a complex personal characteristic with multiple neural and psychological roots. This article advocates a multifactorial approach to understanding resilience that recognizes the complexity of the topic both empirically and theoretically. The Trait-Stressor-Outcome (TSO) framework for organizing empirical data recognizes the multiplicity of traits, stressors and outcome metrics that may moderate stress response. Research requires a fine-grained data collection approach that discriminates multiple stress factors. Also, multiple layers of theory are necessary to explain individual differences in stress response, including biases in neural functioning, attentional processing, as well as styles of coping and emotion-regulation. Cognitive science differentiates multiple levels of explanation and allows for the integration of mechanisms at multiple levels of abstraction from the neural substrate. We illustrate the application of the multifactorial approach to collecting interpreting data on operator stress resulting from interaction with technology.
Depression, anxiety, and mental health service experiences of women with a twin-twin transfusion syndrome pregnancy

Symptoms of emotional distress during and after pregnancy may be introduced or exacerbated by unexpected medical conditions in the mother or fetus. Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), which accounts for 17% of fetal deaths in twins and entails substantial medical uncertainty, may represent a particularly challenging pregnancy experience. Yet, little is known about the impact of TTTS on women's emotional health. We retrospectively surveyed 350 women who experienced a TTTS pregnancy about their experiences at three time points (prior to, during, and after pregnancy) to examine symptoms of anxiety and depression, mental health diagnoses, thoughts of seeking mental healthcare, help received, and preferred mental health services. Women in this study experienced significantly elevated symptoms of depression and anxiety during and after pregnancy, regardless of their pregnancy outcome (double survivor, single survivor, or double loss). Women reported feeling devastated by their experience and indicated they would have accepted mental healthcare had it been offered and had barriers to care been addressed. Prospective studies of women experiencing TTTS pregnancies are needed to examine TTTS effects on maternal mental health and to determine how to best address emotional care needs.
Time Spent Sitting as an Independent Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease

Sedentary behavior is highly prevalent despite growing evidence of adverse effects on the cardiovascular and metabolic system that are independent of the level of recreational physical activity (PA). We present results for the association between sitting time and cardiovascular disease (CVD) from selected cohort and cross-sectional studies published in or after the year 2010 according to the domains where sitting time is accumulated during the day. These include TV viewing, occupational sitting, and sitting during transportation as well as overall sitting. The outcomes considered in this review are total CVD, coronary heart disease, and stroke as well as CVD risk factors-namely, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and type 2 diabetes and their associated biomarkers. Finally, several current issues with regard to studying the effects of sitting time on CVD are discussed, including how sedentary behavior is assessed, isotemporal substitution modeling, examination of joint associations for sitting and PA, and benefits of breaks in sitting time. Overall, the scientific evidence supports public health recommendations that encourage adults to limit their sedentary time in order to improve their cardiovascular health.
Short-term effect of epidermal growth factor on glucose uptake in endoscopic biopsies

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) up-regulation of glucose absorption via increased Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT-1) activity has previously been described in rabbit jejunal brush-border membrane and in differentiated Caco-2 cells. The goal of the present study was to assess the in vitro effect of EGF (200 ng/ml) on glucose uptake in human mucosal specimens, and we describe a simple procedure that uses endoscopic biopsies for short-term gludose uptake measurements. Uptake values for the EGF-treated biopsies ranged from 2.7 to 29.0, with a mean uptake of 10.65, while uptake values for the untreated biopsies ranged from 0.9 to 17.5, with a mean uptake of 7.99 (P < 0.05, paired t test). This early effect of EGF on human enterocytes may have important therapeutic implications. A role in increasing the rate of internal rehydration is suggested.
A Case Study Using Photovoice to Explore Racial and Social Identity Among Young Black Men: Implications for Social Work Research and Practice

This article describes an exploratory qualitative case study using a research method novel to social work known as Photovoice. This case study of the Photovoice process assesses its value as a comm...
Modeling and simulation for condition based maintenance: a case study in Navy ship application

Improving system reliability/availability, and reducing the lifetime cost are two major requirements for the development of the US Navy's next generation ships. A condition based maintenance (CMB) technique can be used to achieve both goals by making optimal maintenance decisions based on real time monitoring. This paper introduces the conceptual architecture of the CBM system. Efficient fault detection, diagnosis (FDD), and/or prognosis of incipient faults are the most challenging tasks in this presented CBM system. Model based approaches are still the main stream in FDD research. Hence, modeling and simulation of the monitored equipment, especially when these equipment or components operate under fault conditions are essential tasks in CBM system development. A case study on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which is an important component for ship propulsions, is provided to illustrate how modeling and simulation can be utilized in the entire CBM system design. Simulation is performed in Matlab® showing the effectiveness of the proposed model and the fault diagnosis method.
Structural Biology of TRP Channels

Structural studies on TRP channels, while limited, are poised for a quickened pace and rapid expansion. As of yet, no high-resolution structure of a full length TRP channel exists, but low-resolution electron cryomicroscopy structures have been obtained for 4 TRP channels, and high-resolution NMR and X-ray crystal structures have been obtained for the cytoplasmic domains, including an atypical protein kinase domain, ankyrin repeats, coiled coil domains and a Ca2+-binding domain, of 6 TRP channels. These structures enhance our understanding of TRP channel assembly and regulation. Continued technical advances in structural approaches promise a bright outlook for TRP channel structural biology.
High-Spin Isomer Ir 194 m 2 Produced by Triple Neutron Capture

A 171-day high-spin ($Ig~10$) isomer was discovered in ${\mathrm{Ir}}^{194}$. It is predominantly formed by three successive neutron captures from ${\mathrm{Ir}}^{191}$, via successively higher spin states in ${\mathrm{Ir}}^{192}$ ($I=4$) and ${\mathrm{Ir}}^{193m}$ ($I=\frac{11}{2}$). The isomer decays by $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decay chiefly to a 2438-keV state in ${\mathrm{Pt}}^{194}$, which is depopulated by two parallel branches. The more intense branch proceeds through a "ground-state band" (${8}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${6}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${4}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${2}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${0}^{+}$) whose level energies indicate that ${\mathrm{Pt}}^{194}$ is a somewhat deformed and very "soft" nucleus.
The Utility of GLC for Analyzing Specific Steroids in Biological Fluids

The utility of GLC for analyzing steroids in biological fluids depends on several factors; how well pure steroid can be chromatographed, how conveniently interfering compounds can be removed from the sample before analysis, and how small a quantity of steroid can be distinguished from the other compounds still present after purification. I will attempt to consider each of these points.
The Right to Counsel in Death Penalty and Other Criminal Cases: Neglect of the Most Fundamental Right and What We Should Do About It,

After a brief review of the death penalty, this lecture will examine the constitutional requirement to provide competent and effective counsel to poor people accused of crimes and the failure of the three branches of government, as well as the bar, to make good on this fundamental constitutional guarantee. In order for the legal system to have legitimacy and credibility, all lawyers must take responsibility to ensure poor people are effectively represented and aspire for equal justice under law.
Common Symptoms in the Neurology Clinic

The majority of patients referred to neurologists and a large proportion of patients seen by primary care providers complain of headaches, dizziness or vertigo, episodes of loss of consciousness, sleep disorders, and transient symptoms such as confusion, amnesia, weakness, blurred vision, and numbness or tingling sensations. Since most residency programs focus on in-patient experience, the graduating resident is often unprepared for the deluge of patients with such complaints. He or she must be able to sift through the history to extract the critical information and, most important, to ask the pertinent questions which elicit diagnostic information. Lurking within this patient load are undoubtedly a significant number with serious illnesses which must be detected and treated promptly.
Funding Resilient Infrastructure on the Quick: US Federal Transit Disaster Programs after Superstorm Sandy

AbstractThe applied concept of resilience has garnered attention in the public eye and academic scholarship in the past decade. Through a rise in popularity, its meaning has morphed depending upon ...
Differences between morphological and repetition priming in auditory lexical decision: Implications for decompositional models.

Abstract A natural way of probing the effects of morphology on lexical processing is to directly compare morphological priming, for which primes and targets share a stem but are mismatched in morphological structure (e.g., frogs → frog), with outright repetition priming (e.g., frog → frog). However, work making this comparison has reported no difference between these two types of priming. Importantly, the reported non-differences have been found in the visual domain. Here, we investigate morphological ( Morph ) versus repetition ( Rep ) priming in two auditory primed lexical decision experiments. Using the English plural suffix -/z/, we compare Rep priming with Morph priming for both singular and plural target conditions (e.g., frog/frogs → frog, frog/frogs → frogs). Overall, we find robust priming in both Rep and Morph conditions. However, for both singular and plural targets, there is consistent evidence that Rep priming is greater than Morph priming at early lags of 0 and 1 intervening items. This facilitation decreases with an increasing number of intervening items. Comparisons with phonological and semantic controls demonstrate that this pattern cannot be attributed solely to shared form or meaning. We interpret these findings in a decompositional model of morphological processing. The robust facilitation in Morph and Rep conditions is attributed to the activation of a shared stem representation. The convergence of Morph and Rep is attributed to a diminishing episodic trace related to morphological recombination.
TritonRoute: an initial detailed router for advanced VLSI technologies

Detailed routing is a dead-or-alive critical element in design automation tooling for advanced node enablement. However, very few works address detailed routing in the recent open literature, particularly in the context of modern industrial designs and a complete, end-to-end flow. The ISPD-2018 Initial Detailed Routing Contest addressed this gap for modern industrial designs, using a reduced design rules set. In this work, we present TritonRoute, an initial detailed router for the ISPD-2018 contest. Given route guides from global routing, the initial detailed routing stage should generate a detailed routing solution honoring the route guides as much as possible, while minimizing wirelength, via count and various design rule violations. In our work, the key contribution is intra-layer parallel routing, where we partition each layer into parallel panels and route each panel using an Integer Linear Programming-based algorithm. We sequentially route layer by layer from the bottom to the top. We evaluate our router using the official ISPD-2018 benchmark suite and show that we reduce the contest metric by up to 74%, and on average 50%, compared to the first-place routing solution for each testcase.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura A 35-year-old man presented with a 2-day history of abdominal pain and headache. A peripheral-blood smear showed numerous schistocytes, and a diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura was made.
The nature and origins of the day-to-day variability in Earth’s surface magnetic field

Abstract Numerical experiments are performed with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE-GCM) to reveal the characteristics and origins of daytime magnetic field variations on the ground ( Δ B) at planetary-wave (PW) periods (2–20 days). Simulations are performed to separate the responses to forcing in the lower atmosphere from solar-magnetospheric forcing. Lower-atmosphere forcing is specified at the 97-km lower boundary of the TIE-GCM by NCAR's Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIME-GCM), which itself is forced at 30 km by MERRA (Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications) outputs. Solar and magnetospheric inputs to the TIE-GCM are specified according to parameterizations based on F10.7 and Kp. The study focuses on latitudes 0°–65°N during October 1–31, 2009, when F10.7 (range 68–80), Kp (range 0–4), and Ap (range 0–13) are typical of quiet-time “weather”. Neutral dynamics in the dynamo region (ca. 100–150 km) during this period is dominated by winds due to PW modulated tides, where the PW include the quasi-6, 10 and 16-day westward-propagating normal modes with zonal wavenumber s = 1, and eastward-propagating ultra-fast Kelvin waves (UFKW) with s = −1 and periods between 2 and 5 days. Results and conclusions are as follows. PW-period perturbations in daytime Δ B at the ground are dominated by variability originating in the lower atmosphere. The only exception is the 45°–65° latitude regime around noon, where the Δ B variability due to lower atmospheric forcing exceeds that due to solar-magnetospheric forcing by only about 50%. Broadband zonally-symmetric oscillations also occur in Δ B due to dissipation of the tidal spectrum at PW periods in the E-region. These results raise the possibility that some level of contamination from the lower atmosphere may exist in magnetic indices such as ap, Kp, and Ap that are used as measures solar-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling strength, under levels of geomagnetic activity similar to that characterizing October 2009. It is also found that variations in conductivities play a minor role compared with neutral winds in producing PW-period variations in Δ B, and that there is not a robust one-to-one correspondence between spectral peaks in Δ B and those in the neutral winds. Several factors contribute to this latter result, which are explained in the text.
Design and Testing of Liquid Cooled Thermal Solution for High Loading Processors

Recently, the semiconductor industry has manufactured socketed processors which can be installed using specially designed retention mechanisms. From generations, the power and I/O capabilities for the processors has been increasing and therefore the number of pins on the socket is increasing. This pin number increase is translated directly to an increment on the retention load needed for reliable electrical contact and thermal interface material actuation. For recent generations, as Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processor Family, a retention load higher than 1000 N has been needed for the processor installation into the socket; this force is transferred from the retention mechanism to the processor through the thermal solution i.e. heat sink or cold plate. In liquid cooling applications, this high loading calls for specific requirements that needs to be satisfied as higher stiffness values on the cold plate solution for each generation, internal high pressure resistance and thermal performance. A liquid cooled thermal solution was developed and tested for the Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processor Family Platform and after testing results a new design is on development for future generation of liquid cooled thermal solution on socketed processors. This liquid cooled thermal solution is designed to interact with multiple design intentions; that means that is composed by a cold plate core and a modular bracket design, responsible for the load application on the thermal solution, which allows changing the material for a stronger and/or lighter one, without impacting the thermal performance of the cold plate core due to the material selection. This paper presents the design, analysis, test setup and prototype test results for mechanical and thermal performance of the designed solution for Intel® Xeon® Scalable Processor Family Platform and the developed design for a next and improved liquid cooled solution. This liquid cooled solution is intended to be used as reference and this paper will be helpful to guide the thermal community to design future generations of liquid cooled thermal solution for socketed processors in data center applications as well as for different electronic components.
A History of VW’s Spanish Car Plants, Part II: 1989–2018

This chapter examines Volkswagen Sociedad Espanola de Automoviles de Turismo, SA’s (SEAT’s) newly constructed Martorell complex, the winding down of car output at Zona Franca, and the automaker’s spinning off its Pamplona plant from SEAT in 1993. The final sections offer post-2001 highlights for Seat Martorell and VW Pamplona and projections for their near-term futures.
Colour and Conflict in Nineteenth-Century Île Bourbon: the Case of the Affaire Houat

This article studies the coverage of a racially motivated political trial in 1830s Ile Bourbon (present-day Reunion Island) in the Parisian periodical Revue des colonies. I argue that in its otherw...