cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Local Infrastructure: Intergovernmental Grants and Urban Needs

In the 20 years since “obsolete” infrastructure was discovered as a public policy problem by the academic and policy communities (see Peterson, 1978), federal and state infrastructure programs have been proposed, debated, and, in many cases, implemented—but frequently they have not. Yet, as much as policy makers would like to learn from these programs or be informed by theories about grant designs, the literature and evaluations on these infrastructure programs do not speak with one voice; conflicting conclusions and policy recommendations abound. The purpose of this article is to sketch out some elements of an infrastructure grants research agenda that are in need of clarification, specification, and rethinking. In particular, this article examines reasons for infrastructure's relative invisibility in municipal budgeting, the design and intended effects of infrastructure grants policy by federal and state governments, and future issues surrounding infrastructure.
MediQoC: A Data Driven, Hospital Quality of Care Portal for the Patient Community

In order to respond to recent changes in health services provision, where patients are members of a consumer driven healthcare system, we developed MediQoC (Medicare Quality of Care), a data driven web portal for Medicare patients and their caregivers. MediQoC grants access to personalized, data-driven information about hospitals, and quality of care indicators. Utilizing a Medicare claims dataset, the portal enables patients, caregivers and other stakeholders the ability to locate high-quality hospital services which are appropriate for specific symptoms and medical procedures. MediQoC provides to the user a list of eligible hospitals, and outputs statistics on hospital stay attributes and quality of care indicators, including the prevalence of hospital acquired conditions. Each hospital is ranked with a percentile rank score on the basis the aforementioned in-hospital attributes and quality indicators; the ranking results are visualized on maps via MediQoC-viz, the visualization module of the portal. A panel of three clinical experts evaluated the portal and provided feedback related to function, and data utilization and legal aspects.
EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF AFLATOXIN ON BRICK CHEESE1

Brick cheese was placed in plastic containers and all surfaces except the top were sealed with wax. The top was inoculated with Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus parasiticus and cheese was incubated in a humid chamber at 7.2, 12.8, and 23.9 C for up to 14 weeks after mold growth was evident. After incubation each cheese was cut horizontally into four layers, each approximately 1 cm thick. Each layer of cheese was extracted with a monophasic-biphasic solvent system (chloroform, methanol, and water). The extract was purified, concentrated, and aflatoxins were measured by thin-layer chromatography and fluorometry. No aflatoxins were produced by either mold at 7.2 C. At 12.8 C, A. parastticus developed aflatoxins B1 and G1 after 1 week of incubation. Aflatoxin produced by this mold persisted through 4 weeks of storage and then was not detectable. Aspergillus flavus did not form aflatoxin at 12.8 C. Both molds produced aflatoxin on cheese at 23.9 C; A. parasiticus did so after 1 week and A. flavus after 14 wee...
Species composition but not diversity explains recovery from the 2011 drought in Texas grasslands

Extreme droughts can have profound direct consequences for grassland ecosystems, but it is poorly known how ecosystems recover from drought and what ecological factors are associated with recovery. Recovery occurs when ecosystem functioning returns to values observed prior to a perturbation. Here, we tested for ecosystem recovery after an extreme drought in 2011 in previously established native and exotic experimental communities in Central Texas. Planted mixtures of all native and all exotic species were crossed with a summer irrigation treatment, with eight community compositions (random draws) per treatment. Prior to the drought, native plots had higher diversity than exotic plots, which sets up the prediction that the high-diversity native plots will recover more quickly than exotics. The extreme drought decreased rain-use efficiency ([RUE], annual biomass production per unit of rainfall) by 82%. Rain-use efficiency remained well below pre-drought levels during the growing season after the drought. However, on average, RUE recovered to pre-drought levels by the second growing season following drought. Exotic communities showed higher RUE than native communities, and irrigation significantly reduced RUE in both exotic and native communities across years. Interestingly, not all of the mixtures recovered from the drought, and recovery was associated with species composition, but not diversity. Rain-use efficiency recovery from drought was greatest in native communities in which the proportion of C3 forb biomass increased during and following drought and in exotic communities with a low proportion of short grass biomass. Extreme droughts can exert differential impacts on plant functional groups, leading to a drought legacy effect that reduces recovery with possible long-term repercussions.
The timing of flap coverage, bone-grafting, and intramedullary nailing in patients who have a fracture of the tibial shaft with extensive soft-tissue injury.

The cases of forty-three patients who had a Type-IIIB open fracture of the tibial shaft were reviewed to determine the effect of treatment of the soft-tissue injury on the rate of major complications. An infection developed in two of the eleven patients who had had early muscle-flap coverage compared with ten of the nineteen who had been managed by open care of the wound and nine of the thirteen who had had later flap coverage. Patients who had had bone-grafting after complete re-epithelialization of the wound, regardless of the method of closure, had a lower rate of early infection (none of sixteen compared with four of fifteen) and an earlier average time to union (fifty-four compared with sixty-three weeks) than those in whom the wound was not completely closed or was draining at the time of bone-grafting. Delayed intramedullary nailing with reaming was associated with a high rate of infection (nine of nineteen patients), regardless of the condition of the soft tissue at the time of nailing. In our opinion, adequate debridement and early assessment of the soft-tissue defect are necessary so that appropriate soft-tissue coverage can be provided within the first one to two weeks. When the soft-tissue portion of the injury is addressed promptly and definitively and then allowed to heal completely, secondary osseous reconstruction may proceed with fewer complications.
Quadruple Neoplasms following Radiation Therapy for Congenital Bilateral Retinoblastoma.

Purpose The aim of this study was to describe a 34-year-old male with hereditary bilateral retinoblastoma treated with radiotherapy as a child who developed 4 distinct tumors within the radiation field. Methods A 34-year-old male with bilateral retinoblastoma status postradiation therapy and recurrence requiring enucleation presented with left-eye visual acuity changes. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a left orbital mass and a right parasellar complex lobulated mass (right sphenoid and right cavernous sinus). Two weeks later, the patient underwent excision of the orbital mass and biopsy of an upper-lid nodule. This was followed by craniotomy for removal of the complex mass. Results Histology revealed 4 distinct tumors, including an undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (left orbit), a radiation-induced meningioma (right sphenoid), a schwannoma (right cavernous sinus), and a basal-cell carcinoma (left lid). Conclusion Although occurrence of a second neoplasm is a well-known outcome following radiation treatment in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma, the diagnosis of 4 additional neoplasms is rare. Pleomorphic sarcoma, radiation-induced meningioma, and schwannoma are uncommon tumors and not well represented in the literature describing irradiated retinoblastoma patients. Secondary malignancies are a leading cause of early death in retinoblastoma survivors, and long-term follow-up is crucial for patient care.
The role of gender in building organisational commitment in India's services sourcing industry

Abstract In India's IT services sourcing industry, female employees are often considered to be a key talent pool enabling the industry to grow further. In this empirical study of IT employees in India ( N = 330), we analyse the relationships between organisational climate, employee climate, and organisational commitment using gender as a dichotomous moderator. While female employees appear to have a higher level of organisational commitment than their male colleagues, the results show that organisational and employee climate do not motivate them in the same way.
An updated meta-analysis of novel oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists for uninterrupted anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation catheter ablation

Background Catheter ablation is recommended as a first- or second-line rhythm control therapy for selected patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). There is a wide variability in the periprocedural management of oral anticoagulation in patients undergoing AF ablation. Objective We aimed to perform an updated meta-analysis of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) vs vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) as uninterrupted anticoagulation in patients undergoing AF ablation. Methods Databases and conference abstracts were searched. Studies were excluded if oral anticoagulants were held at any periprocedural period. The primary outcomes were stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) and major bleeding. Results Twelve studies and 4962 patients were included. Stroke or TIA was rare (NOAC, 0.08%; VKA, 0.16%) and not different between groups (odds ratio [OR] 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19–2.30). The incidence of silent cerebral embolic events was also not significantly different between NOACs (8%) and VKAs (9.6%) (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.42–1.76). Major bleeding was significantly reduced in the NOAC group (0.9%) as compared with VKA-treated patients (2%) (OR 0.50; 95% CI 0.30–0.84; P Conclusion In patients undergoing AF ablation, uninterrupted periprocedural NOACs are associated with a low incidence of stroke or TIA and a significant reduction in major bleeding as compared with uninterrupted VKAs.
Catalytic Water Oxidation by a Bio-inspired Nickel Complex with a Redox-Active Ligand.

The oxidation of water (H2O) to dioxygen (O2) is important in natural photosynthesis. One of nature’s strategies for managing such multi-electron transfer reactions is to employ redox-active metal–organic cofactor arrays. One prototype example is the copper tyrosinate active site found in galactose oxidase. In this work, we have implemented such a strategy to develop a bio-inspired nickel phenolate complex capable of catalyzing the oxidation of H2O to O2 electrochemically at neutral pH with a modest overpotential. Employment of the redox-active ligand turned out to be a useful strategy to avoid the formation of high-valent nickel intermediates while a reasonable turnover rate (0.15 s–1) is retained.
Selective programming of regulatory CCR10+ innate lymphoid cells in skin-draining lymph nodes for skin immune homeostatic regulation (MUC2P.918)

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are preferentially localized in barrier tissues where they function in homeostatic regulation but also contribute to inflammatory diseases. Mechanisms regulating establishment of ILCs in barrier tissues with diverse functions in homeostasis and inflammation are poorly understood. We found that microenvironments of lymph nodes (LNs) program ILCs with homing and functional potentials for their tissue-specific functions. In skin- but not mucosal tissue-draining LNs, ILCs were continuously activated to acquire regulatory properties with high expression of CCR10 for their localization into the skin. Upon analyzing Rag1 -/- , Foxn1 -/- , Foxp3 -/- and skin-inflammation-induced mice, we found that the generation of CCR10+ ILCs in skin-draining LNs and their establishment in the skin required T cell-regulated homeostatic environments and were suppressed during inflammation. Reciprocally, CCR10+ ILCs also promote homeostasis of resident T cells. When transferred into IL2R γ -/- Rag2 -/- mice that lack ILCs, CD4 + T cells could not establish homeostasis in the skin, with notably reduced regulatory T cells and increased effector T cells expressing high levels of inflammatory cytokines, demonstrating cross-regulation of CCR10 + ILCs and CD4 + T cells to promote immune homeostasis in the skin. Our studies reveal a process programming tissue-specific ILCs in LNs for their localization and function in local tissues.
Depression Is Associated With More Aggressive Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

OBJECTIVES Depression is prevalent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. The impact of depression on IBD is not well-studied. It is unknown how providers should assess depression. METHODS We used data from the Sinai-Helmsley Alliance for Research Excellence cohort, to assess methods of diagnosing depression and effects of baseline depression on disease activity at follow-up. A patient health questionnaire (PHQ-8) score ≥5 was consistent with mild depression. Relapse was defined as a modified Harvey-Bradshaw Index ≥5 or Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index >2. We performed binomial regression to calculate adjusted risk ratios (RRs). RESULTS We included 2,798 Crohn's disease (CD) patients with 22-month mean follow-up and 1,516 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with 24-month mean follow-up. A total of 64% of CD patients and 45% of UC patients were in remission at baseline. By self-report, 20% of CD and 14% of UC patients were depressed. By PHQ-8, 38% of CD and 32% of UC patients were depressed (P<0.01). Adjusted for sex, remission, and disease activity, CD patients with baseline depression were at an increased risk for relapse (RR: 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9-2.8), surgery, or hospitalization (RR: 1.3 95% CI: 1.1-1.6) at follow-up. UC patients with baseline depression were also at increased risk for relapse (RR: 1.3; 95% CI: 0.9-1.7), surgery, or hospitalization (RR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1-1.5) at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Baseline depression is associated with a higher risk for aggressive IBD at follow-up. A single question is not a sensitive method of assessing depression. Providers should consider administering the PHQ-8 to capture those at greater risk for aggressive disease.
Residential Water Consumption Modeling in the Integrated Urban Metabolism Analysis Tool (IUMAT)

Abstract This paper details a method for residential water consumption modeling within the Integrated Urban Metabolism Analysis Tool (IUMAT), a computational modeling platform for evaluating environmental performance of urban communities under alternative growth scenarios. A bottom-up approach is introduced to generate end-use indoor and outdoor water profiles by applying GLM and Ridge regression methods to Residential End Uses of Water, Version 2 (REU II-2016) dataset and investigating the influence of demographic and climate factors, as well as utility rate structures on patterns of consumption. The data is collected from 2010 through 2013 by nine utilities that operate in North America on 771 and 838 single family units for indoor and outdoor water use respectively. Potential advances to surveying methods as well as the need for tools that allow simultaneous, isolated assessment of educational and technological conservation measures are explained.
Evaluating Emergent Constraints on Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity

AbstractEmergent constraints are quantities that are observable from current measurements and have skill predicting future climate. This study explores 19 previously proposed emergent constraints related to equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS; the global-average equilibrium surface temperature response to CO2 doubling). Several constraints are shown to be closely related, emphasizing the importance for careful understanding of proposed constraints. A new method is presented for decomposing correlation between an emergent constraint and ECS into terms related to physical processes and geographical regions. Using this decomposition, one can determine whether the processes and regions explaining correlation with ECS correspond to the physical explanation offered for the constraint. Shortwave cloud feedback is generally found to be the dominant contributor to correlations with ECS because it is the largest source of intermodel spread in ECS. In all cases, correlation results from interaction between a variet...
The intersectional internet: race, sex, class, and culture online

While traditional narratives about digital spaces tend to envision the internet as a forum that enables egalitarian communication among people from diverse backgrounds, the reality is that hierarch...
Telehealth intervention for Latina breast cancer survivors: A pilot.

Aim:This study was a pilot test of the Latina Breast Cancer Survivorship Intervention, a survivorship self-management intervention delivered via telephone.Materials and methods:This study used a wa...
Spin Signature of the C60 Fullerene Anion: A Combined X- and D-Band EPR and DFT Study.

Fullerenes attract much attention in various scientific fields, but their electronic properties are still not completely understood. Here we report on a combined EPR and DFT study of the fullerene anion C60– in solid glassy environment. DFT calculations were used to characterize its electronic structure through spin density distribution and magnetic resonance parameters. The electron spin density is not uniformly distributed throughout the C60– cage but shows a pattern similar to PC61BM–. EPR spectroscopy reveals a rhombic g-tensor sensitive to the environment in the frozen glassy solutions, which can be rationalized by deformation of the fullerenes along low-frequency vibrational modes upon cooling. DFT modeling confirms that these deformations lead to variation in the C60– g values. The decrease in g-tensor anisotropy with sample annealing is related to the lessening of g-tensor strain upon temperature relaxation of the most distorted sites in the glassy state.
Towards a Conceptual Framework for Predicting Engineering Design Team Performance Based on Question Asking Activity Simulation

The product development process has undergone significant changes in the last two decades. Consumers have become more sophisticated in their choices, products have become more complex, and the barriers to entry to competitors have been significantly lowered. All this has resulted in an increased emphasis on creative teamwork and shorter product development times. In turn this has led to an increased number of descriptive studies of the engineering design process in the research community as well as the development of various tools and methods aimed at improving the process. Success in this endeavor has been a difficult battle for the research community and several authors have made attempts to analyze the obstacles responsible for the difficulty. Blessing for example notes: “... identifying whether this [a method or tool] indeed contributes to success is far more difficult and the results are not easy to generalize. Success is difficult to measure other than in a real, industrial situation and action research in an industrial situation is notoriously difficult, let alone comparative action research. Furthermore, the success of a method or tool depends on the context in which it is being used. This context is different for every design process, because every design project is unique” (Blessing et al. 1998).
The Contemporary Influence of Genetics and Eugenics in Family Planning

Substantial scientific evidence exists which indicates man’s genetic inheritance acts as a major influence not only upon his behavior but on his health.1 In the United States, for example, it is estimated that one out of every 20 babies is born with a discernible genetic deficiency;2 of all chronic diseases, between 20 and 25% are predominantly genetic in origin.3 At least half of the hospital beds in America are occupied by patients whose incapacities are known to be of a genetic origin.4 Since modern medicine can alleviate the symptoms of some genetic disease syndromes through sophisticated treatment, many who are afflicted with genetic disease and who in the past would not have survived, are now maintained for extended periods. Medicine is unable to do much by way of curing genetic defects,5 however, and those afflicted with genetic diseases who are kept alive by modern technologies can reproduce and thus may increase the number of defective genes in the genetic profile of the human population.6
Proper plugin protocols

The ability of the software engineering community to achieve high levels of reuse from software frameworks has been tempered by the difficulty in understanding how to reuse them properly. When written correctly, a plugin can take advantage of the framework's code and architecture to provide a rich application with relatively few lines of code. Unfortunately, doing this correctly is difficult because frameworks frequently require plugin developers to be aware of complex protocols between objects, and improper use of these protocols causes exceptions and unexpected behavior at run time. This dissertation introduces collaboration constraints, rules governing how multiple objects may interact in a complex protocol. These constraints are particularly difficult to understand and analyze because they may extend across type boundaries and even programming language boundaries. This thesis improves the state of the art through two mechanisms. First, it provides a deep understanding of these collaboration constraints and the framework designs which create them. Second, it introduces Fusion, an adoptable specification language and static analysis tool, that detects broken collaboration constraints in plugin code and demonstrates how to achieve this goal in a cost-effective manner that is practical for industry use. In this dissertation, I have done an empirical study of framework help forums which showed that collaboration constraints are burdensome for developers, as they take hours or even days to resolve. From this empirical study, I have identified several common properties of collaboration constraints. This motivated a new specification language, called Fusion, that is tailored for specifying collaboration constraints in a practical way. The specification language uses relationships to describe the abstract associations between objects and allows developers to specify collaboration constraints as logical predicates of relationships. Since a relationship is an abstraction above the code, this allows developers to easily specify constraints that cross type and language boundaries. There are three variants of the analysis: a sound variant that has false positives but no false negatives, a complete variant that has false negatives but no false positives, and a pragmatic variant that attempts to balance this tradeoff. In this dissertation, I successfully used Fusion to specify and analyze constraints from examples found in the help forums of the ASP.NET and Spring frameworks. Additionally, I ran Fusion on DaCapo, a 1.5 MLOC DaCapo benchmark for program analysis, to show that Fusion is scalable and provides precise enough results for industry with low specification cost. This dissertation examines many tradeoffs: the tradeoffs of framework designs, the tradeoffs of specification precision, and the tradeoffs of program analysis results are all featured. A central theme of this work is that there is no single right solution to collaboration constraints; there are only solutions that work better for a particular instance of the problem.
The distributions of some granule-associated enzymes in guinea-pig polymorphonuclear leucocytes

1. Homogenates of guinea-pig polymorphonuclear leucocytes were separated by differential centrifugation into six particulate fractions and a soluble fraction. 2. The distributions in these fractions of protein, DNA, succinate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase, peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase (against p-nitrophenyl phosphate and beta-glycerophosphate), cathepsin, and catalase were compared. 3. Almost all of the DNA sedimented in the first two pellets, indicating that the nuclei were relatively intact. 4. The four hydrolases and peroxidase showed different distribution patterns, although these activities were previously reported to be localized mainly in the single ;granule' fraction isolated from leucocytes. 5. The particles containing peroxidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase all exhibited latency. Maximum activity for each enzyme was obtained at roughly similar concentrations of Triton X-100. 6. The acid phosphatase of these cells was distributed between two populations of particles that differed in both sedimentation characteristics and density. The acid phosphatase(s) of the two populations showed slightly different substrate specificities. This bimodal distribution was not an artifact of the procedure used to elicit the cells. 7. Catalase was recovered almost entirely in the soluble fraction and showed no latency in freshly prepared homogenates. No urate oxidase was detected. 8. We conclude that the ;granule' fraction of the polymorphonuclear leucocyte, as isolated by previous workers, contains at least three, probably more, populations of particles with different enzyme contents, and that these cells probably do not contain peroxisomes.
Participation in clinical trials to improve outcomes of patients with relapsed lymphoma.

7523Background: Anumber of new agents with significant activity in lymphoma have been FDA-approved. These novel agents were typically first available to patients who enrolled in a clinical trial (C...
One checkpoint may hide another: inhibiting the TGFβ signaling pathway enhances immune checkpoint blockade

Tumors employ several mechanisms to evade recognition by the immune system. Among these are epigenetic changes such as loss of the antigen presenting machinery (e.g., HLA-A,B,C) that cause tumors to become invisible to the immune system.
Monoclonal immunoglobulin–associated C3 glomerulopathy and thrombotic microangiopathy: A real association?:

The monoclonal gammopathies of renal significance are hematologic disorders defined by monoclonal gammopathy-mediated kidney damage in patients who do not have systemic lymphoma or multiple myeloma...
Towards a More Ecological Dendroecology

The use of tree-ring methods to study ecological processes, known as dendroecology, has been booming over the last decade. We believe that the incredible methodological strides in this subdiscipline over the last half century will be further advanced by purposefully integrating with other ecological subdisciplines and broadening the scope of dendroecology both in terms of methods and theory. Simultaneously, these efforts will greatly benefit a broad range of ecological disciplines through the incorporation of one of the greatest strengths of dendrochronology: highly-resolved ecological data that spans from seasons to centuries. Because these data are still alarmingly scarce in ecology but are crucial to understand the ecology of long-living organisms, we believe better integrating dendroecology and mainstream ecology will benefit both disciplines. We discuss five actions that can be readily embraced by the dendrochronological community to further advance the field while also making it more open for non-dendroecologists. These actions include: (i) promoting diverse or multi-discipline scientific collaborations and partnerships, (ii) diversifying dendroecological data sources, (iii) incorporating inference-based and hierarchical models to the dendroecological toolbox, (iv) improving and updating the global tree-ring databases, and (v) increasing the focus on ecological and evolutionary mechanisms in tree-ring-driven papers. We believe these actions will help facilitate a broad discussion on how to better integrate tree-ring-based ecology within mainstream ecology. We believe this has the potential to trigger major advancements in dendroecology, help resolve long-standing ecological questions and, ultimately, bring a new perspective and scale to ecological theory.
Belief in a Loving Versus Punitive God and Behavior

We examined the extent to which beliefs in a loving God and punitive God correspond with self-reported behavior in an online, longitudinal survey involving three waves of data collection, each separated by 6 months. Adolescents (N = 760) reported the extent to which they believed in a loving God and a punitive God (Times 1 and 3) and reported their engagement in benevolent (helping and forgiveness) and aggressive behavior (Times 2 and 3). Participants strongly endorsed a loving God but not a punitive God. In addition, belief in a loving God corresponded with reports of less aggressive and more benevolent behavior, whereas belief in a punitive God corresponded with more aggressive and less benevolent behavior.
Linguistic Motherwork in the Zapotec Diaspora: "Zapoteca" Mothers' Perspectives on Indigenous Language Maintenance.

This article explores Indigenous Mexican mothers’ perspectives on multilingualism and Indigenous language maintenance in their children’s lives. Drawing on interview data from a larger qualitative study of language and ideology among multilingual children in Los Angeles, California, the article examines the perspectives of four Zapotec mothers who have children in a local public school with a Spanish-English dual language program. The interview data highlight what these women think and do with respect to the maintenance of the Zapotec language in the lives of their school-aged children. Critical Latinx Indigeneities and the feminist notion of linguistic motherwork are used to highlight the intersectional nature of these women’s efforts to construct and sustain indigeneity in diaspora.
From Pleasure to Pain, and Back Again: The Intricate Relationship Between Alcohol and Nociception

Aims A close and bidirectional relationship between alcohol consumption and pain has been previously reported and discussed in influential reviews. The goal of the present narrative review is to provide an update on the developments in this field in order to guide future research objectives. Methods We evaluated both epidemiological and neurobiological literature interrogating the relationship between alcohol use and pain for the presence of significant effects. We outlined studies on interactions between alcohol use and pain using both self-reports and objective experimental measures and discussed potential underlying mechanisms of these interactions. Results Epidemiological, preclinical and clinical literature point to three major interactions between alcohol use and pain: (a) alcohol use leading to hyperalgesia, (b) alcohol use moderating pain and hyperalgesia and (c) chronic pain as a risk factor predisposing to alcohol relapse. Neurobiological studies using animal models to assess these interactions have transitioned from mostly involuntary modes of experimenter-controlled alcohol administration to self-administration procedures, and increasingly indicate that neuronal circuits implicated in both withdrawal and anticipation stages of alcohol use disorder also have a role in chronic pain. Mechanistically, alterations in GABA, glutamate, the corticotropin-releasing factor system, endogenous opioids and protein kinase C appear to play crucial roles in this maladaptive overlap. Conclusions Many of the principles explaining the interactions between alcohol and pain remain on a strong foundation, but continuing progress in modeling these interactions and underlying systems will provide a clearer basis for understanding, and ultimately treating, the damaging aspects of this interaction.
Altered corticolimbic connectivity reveals sex-specific adolescent outcomes in a rat model of early life adversity

Exposure to early-life adversity (ELA) increases the risk for psychopathologies associated with amygdala-prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuits. While sex differences in vulnerability have been identified with a clear need for individualized intervention strategies, the neurobiological substrates of ELA-attributable differences remain unknown due to a paucity of translational investigations taking both development and sex into account. Male and female rats exposed to maternal separation ELA were analyzed with anterograde tracing from basolateral amygdala (BLA) to PFC to identify sex-specific innervation trajectories through juvenility (PD28) and adolescence (PD38;PD48). Resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) was assessed longitudinally (PD28;PD48) in a separate cohort. All measures were related to anxiety-like behavior. ELA-exposed rats showed precocial maturation of BLA-PFC innervation, with females affected earlier than males. ELA also disrupted maturation of female rsFC, with enduring relationships between rsFC and anxiety-like behavior. This study is the first providing both anatomical and functional evidence for sex- and experience-dependent corticolimbic development.
Reliable change in cognition over 1 week in community-dwelling older adults: a validation and extension study.

OBJECTIVE Reliable change methods can aid neuropsychologists in understanding if performance differences over time represent clinically meaningful change or reflect benefit from practice. The current study sought to externally validate the previously published standardized regression-based (SRB) prediction equations developed by Duff for commonly administered cognitive measures. METHOD This study applied Duff's SRB prediction equations to an independent sample of community-dwelling participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) assessed twice over a 1-week period. A comparison of MCI subgroups (e.g., single v. multi domain) on the amount of change observed over 1 week was also examined. RESULTS Using pairwise t-tests, large and statistically significant improvements were observed on most measures across 1 week. However, the observed follow-up scores were consistently below expectation compared with predictions based on Duff's SRB algorithms. In individual analyses, a greater percentage of MCI participants showed smaller-than-expected practice effects based on normal distributions. In secondary analyses, smaller-than-expected practice effects were observed in participants with worse baseline memory impairment and a greater number of impaired cognitive domains, particularly for measures of executive functioning/speeded processing. CONCLUSIONS These findings help to further support the validity of Duff's 1-week SRB prediction equations in MCI samples and extend previous research by showing incrementally smaller-than-expected benefit from practice for increasingly impaired amnestic MCI subtypes.
The Patient Story and Relationship-Centered Care

The patient story is a critical, hallmark aspect of integrative and functional nutrition practice. When a patient tells their story, the integrative practitioner takes a careful timeline to note any clues leading the clinician to the root cause of a health problem. The patient story facilitates the establishment of a strong therapeutic relationship between the patient and healthcare provider, and the story continues to unfold as they work together to resolve the patient’s health issues. The story contributes to an evidence-based healthcare approach as the clinician can use the information as part of their clinical expertise as well as applying it to the existing scientific research. Essentially, the patient’s story is put into the context of a mind-body-spirit approach to healthcare that accounts for the foundational knowledge of the patient, their lifestyle, and its contribution to their physical status, as well as the spiritual and community aspects of the patient’s health. All together, the patient’s story is the narrative that facilitates a comprehensive nutrition and health assessment and informs the most effective, personalized care plan for the patient.
A Reference on Indoor Anechoic Ranges [Book/Software Reviews]

This book is intended for a broad audience of indoor anechoic range users. It is both a reference and a useful source of information in which engineers can find answers and guidance for solving problems such as what size range to design and build, the best approach for measuring antennas and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), and understanding the potential limitations of a given anechoic range. The test is considered to be the authoritative reference to anechoic range design. It guides the designer in choosing the correct type and the right chamber size and making the proper absorber selection to accomplish the mission of electromagnetic energy measurement. This is the book that every anechoic designer and practitioner should have on his or her desk as a reference and a go-to guide.
Systematics of a Neotropical clade of dead-leaf-foraging antwrens (Aves: Thamnophilidae; Epinecrophylla).

Abstract The stipple-throated antwrens of the genus Epinecrophylla (Aves: Thamnophilidae) are represented by eight species primarily found in the lowlands of the Amazon Basin and the Guiana Shield. The genus has a long and convoluted taxonomic history, with many attempts made to address the taxonomy and systematics of the group. Here we employ massively parallel sequencing of thousands of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to provide both the most comprehensive subspecies-level phylogeny of Epinecrophylla antwrens and the first population-level genetic analyses for most species in the genus. Most of our results are robust to a diversity of phylogenetic and population genetic methods, but we show that even with thousands of loci we are unable to fully resolve the relationships between some western Amazonian species in the haematonota group. We uncovered phylogenetic relationships between taxa and patterns of population structure that are discordant with both morphology and current taxonomy. For example, we found deep genetic breaks between taxa in the ornata group that are currently regarded as species, and in the haematonota and leucophthalma groups we found paraphyly at the species and subspecies levels, respectively. As has been found in many Amazonian taxa, our phylogenetic results show that the major river systems of the Amazon Basin appear to have an effect on the genetic structure and range limits within Epinecrophylla. Our population genetics analyses showed extensive admixture between some taxa despite their deep genetic divergence. We present a revised taxonomy for the group and suggest areas for further study.
Lexical selection in bimodal bilinguals: ERP evidence from picture-word interference.

The picture word interference (PWI) paradigm and ERPs were used to investigate whether lexical selection in deaf and hearing ASL-English bilinguals occurs via lexical competition or whether the res...
Distribution of Select Cement Proteins in the Acorn Barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite

Acorn barnacles are major marine fouling organisms. Their success is largely due to an ability to adhere to diverse substrates via a sub-micron thick proteinaceous adhesive layer that develops as the organism molts and expands its base. Recent work has expanded the set of proteins identified within the adhesive interface, but one outstanding question concerns their spatial distribution throughout the organism. Here, we employ immunological analysis of Amphibalanus amphitrite tissue sections and identify the presence of two cement proteins, AaCP19-1 and AaCP43-1, in areas far removed from the adhesive interface. Confocal imaging reveals specific staining along different tissue linings of the organism as well as other non-cementing regions. Additionally, we employ a modified, pressure cycling technology approach to recover protein from histological tissue sections to perform proteomics analysis. Mass spectrometry analysis of proteins recovered from transverse histological sections of the upper portion of barnacles indicates the presence of these same proteins, complementing the immunostaining observations. The proteomics analysis also revealed the presence of other proteins first identified in the adhesive layer. While some proteins are clearly enriched at the surface interface, our findings challenge the concept that cement proteins are exclusive to the substrate interface and suggest they may have an expanded physiological role beyond substrate adhesion-related processes of A. amphitrite.
Secular Worldviews, Religious Worldviews, and the Morality of Human Rights [REVISED]

The morality of human rights - by which I mean the foundational, connected moral claims articulated in the International Bill of Human Rights - coheres well with some religious worldviews. For example, and as philosopher Charles Taylor has explained, the “affirmation of universal human rights [that characterizes] modern liberal political culture [represents an] authentic development[] of the gospel . . .” But does the morality of human rights also cohere, well or otherwise, with any secular worldview: any worldview that denies or is agnostic about the existence of a “transcendent” reality, as distinct from the reality that is the object of natural-scientific inquiry? Put another way: Are secular worldviews and the morality of human rights like oil and water? This is an essay in human rights theory - a brief essay, given its intended venue; see below. In it, I explicate the morality of human rights and then address the question articulated in the preceding paragraph. Along the way, I reference recent work in human rights theory by religious human-rights theorist Nicholas Wolterstorff (Justice: Rights and Wrongs) and secular human-rights theorist James Griffin (On Human Rights).
Lessons and Policy Implications from the Global Financial Crisis

The crisis has brought to light a number of deficiencies in financial regulation and architecture, particularly in the treatment of systemically important financial institutions, the assessments of systemic risks and vulnerabilities, and the resolution of financial institutions. The global nature of the financial crisis has also made clear that financially integrated markets, while offering many benefits, can pose significant risks, with large real economic consequences. Deep reforms are, therefore, needed in the international financial architecture to safeguard the stability of an increasingly financially integrated world.
Low potential electron generating enzymes serve different functions during aerobic nitrogen fixation in Azotobacter vinelandii

Biological nitrogen fixation requires large amounts of energy in the form of ATP and low potential electrons to overcome the high activation barrier for cleavage of the dinitrogen triple bond. The model aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Azotobacter vinelandii, generates low potential electrons in the form of reduced ferredoxin (Fd) and flavodoxin (Fld) using two distinct mechanisms via the enzyme complexes Rnf and Fix. Both Rnf and Fix are expressed during nitrogen fixation, and deleting either rnf1 or fix genes has little effect on diazotrophic growth. However, deleting both rnf1 and fix eliminates the ability to grow diazotrophically. Rnf and Fix both use NADH as a source of electrons, but overcoming the energetics of NADHs endergonic reduction of Fd/Fld is accomplished through different mechanisms. Rnf harnesses free energy from the proton motive force, whereas Fix uses electron bifurcation to effectively couple the endergonic reduction of Fd/Fld to the exergonic reduction of quinone. Different stoichiometries and gene expression analyses indicate specific roles for the two reactions under different conditions. In this work, complementary physiological studies and thermodynamic modeling reveal how Rnf and Fix simultaneously balance redox homeostasis in various conditions. Specifically, the Fix complex is required for efficient growth under low oxygen concentrations, while Rnf sustains homeostasis and delivers sufficient reduced Fd to nitrogenase under standard conditions. This work provides a framework for understanding how the production of low potential electrons sustains robust nitrogen fixation in various conditions. ImportanceThe availability of fixed nitrogen is critical for life in many ecosystems, from hot springs to agriculture. Due to the energy demands of biological nitrogen fixation, organisms must tailor their metabolism during diazotrophic growth to deliver energy requirements to nitrogenase in the form of ATP and low potential electrons. Therefore, a complete understanding of diazotrophic energy metabolism and redox homeostasis is required to understand the impact on ecological communities or to promote crop growth in agriculture through engineered diazotrophs.
Celiac Disease: Gastrointestinal Features

Celiac disease, also called gluten-sensitive enteropathy, is estimated to affect up to 1 % of the U.S. population. However, it is thought that only 10–15 % of those with disease have been diagnosed. The diagnosis is often made by the fifth decade.
Fabrication and Characterization of Conductive Polyaniline Fiber

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the results obtained for wet-spun emeraldine base (EB) fiber prepared when non-toxic heptamethyleneimine (HPMI) is used in place of 2-methylaziridine. The “gel inhibitor” assisted processing of ultra-high molecular weight EB into wet-spun fiber uses small amounts of secondary amine additives—for example, 2-methyl aziridine (2MA)—to form thermodynamically stable, particle-free, and highly concentrated (20% w/w) EB solutions. Wet-spun fibers with similar physical characteristics may be obtained by utilizing nontoxic heptamethyleneimine (HPMI) as the gel inhibitor. UV–Vis data shows that the oxidation state of EB polymer in solution and in the fiber is unaltered by the presence of HMPI. Acid doping of as-spun EB fibers leads to conductivity values ranging from 10″ to 3.3 S/cm. The volatile weak acetic acid is removed by mechanical pumping in vacuum, which explains the reduced conductivity value compared to the other samples. Acid doping of the EB fiber results in changes in fiber volume, and thus fiber density. Differences in failure strength and strain of the fibers compared to other reported fibers are likely due to differences in the molecular weight of the EB utilized for each study.
Long-Term Seizure and Antiepileptic Drug Outcomes After Epilepsy Surgery in Children

Seizure outcomes in children are typically assessed using the Engel classification system. However, they may be reported at variable duration of follow-up, often a wide range in individual studies. Completeness of resection is the major predictor of seizure freedom for all epilepsy cases; otherwise, positive and negative predictors depend on specific presurgical, surgical, and postsurgical variables. Lobar seizure-free outcomes are variable: frontal (33.7–66 %), insular (about 80 %), occipital (30–69.2 %), parietal (40–82 %), and temporal (63.2–85 %) in the longer term from data available. Rates of seizure freedom in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are better than for extratemporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE) and comparable to adult rates. Hemidisconnection outcomes range from 41 to 83 % which is better than for tailored multilobar approaches. For seizure foci not amenable to focal resection, corpus callosotomy (CC) remains a potential treatment option for children with atonic seizures. Early decisions should be made about weaning of medication to determine which children require antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in the longer term.