cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of street crime on Boston Chinatown

Boston's Chinatown is an urban community surrounded by businesses, a university, a large medical centre, and an area zoned for “adult entertainment” called the Combat Zone. The overall goal of this exploratory study was to examine the temporal and geographic distribution of street crime in Boston's Chinatown using police crime reports from the years 1988 to 2004. Crime patterns were most notably associated with the presence of the adult entertainment area, known as the Combat Zone. However, despite the decline of adult businesses over the study period, we saw small limited reduction in property and violent crimes, suggesting that the decline of these businesses did not lead to large-scale short-term (<5 years) reductions in crime.
Does Language Matter? The Impact of Spanish Versus English-Language GOTV Efforts on Latino Turnout:

Latino voters comprise a growing segment of the voting electorate, yet their levels of participation in elections lags behind the general population and even other ethnic and racial groups. Recent ...
Metal-coated Si nanograss as highly sensitive SERS sensors

We created novel SERS substrates by metalizing (Ag or Au) Si nanograss fabricated by a Bosch process on single crystalline silicon. We demonstrated that the fabricated SERS substrates are highly sensitive. The sensitivity of the substrates depends on the target molecules, the excitation laser wavelengths and the metal coating on the silicon nanograss. With the optimal excitation condition at 633 nm, an enhancement factor of 6 × 107 can be achieved for trans- 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)-ethylene (BPE) molecules on the gold coated silicon nanograss substrate.
Indium-based liquid clathrates. III. Inclusion compounds derived from [Bu4N][InCl3X] salts and their suitability as a catalysis medium

Tetrabutylammonium salts of the mixed haloindates, [Bu4N][InCl3X], X=Cl, Br, I, interact with aromatic solvents forming liquid inclusion compounds. The aromatic/cation ratio (A/C), a measure of the amount of guest aromatic, has been determined for a variety of simple aromatics. The values range from 2.6 to 0.4, substantially lower than the A/A of similar [Bu4N][Al2R6X] liquid clathrates. The ability of these liquid clathrates to function as catalysis media has been explored. The solubility of (Ph3P)2Rh(CO)Cl and (Ph3P)3RhCl in the various clathrates was determined. It was found that significant leaching of the catalyst into the bulk aromatic solvent occurred, ranging from 13 to 94%. A related liquid clathrate, [Li·12-crown-4][InCl4]·(C6H5CH3)2, had <1% of the dissolved catalyst leached.
Resolution of plastic strains into components of symmetrically isotropic behavior

Abstract The octahedral shear is resolved into deviatoric components of uniaxial tension and pure shear for which the equality between Lode's variables for stress and strain is insured by symmetry. Then, by superposition, an analysis is developed which correlates the experimental discrepancy between diagrams of octahedral shearing stress versus octahedral shearing strain for tension and torsion with the values of Lode's variables for stress and strain under various loadings.
Relationships among tumor temperature, treatment time, and histopathological outcome using preoperative hyperthermia with radiation in soft tissue sarcomas☆

The lack of an unambiguous thermal dosimetry continues to impede progress in clinical hyperthermia. In an attempt to define better this dosimetry, a model based on the cumulative minutes during which arbitrary percentages of measured tumor temperature points exceeded an index temperature was tested in patients with soft tissue sarcomas treated with preoperative hyperthermia and conventional radiation therapy. Patients received 5000-5040 cGy at 180-200 cGy per fraction. Hyperthermia was delivered 30-60 minutes after radiation therapy and given for 60 minutes. Patients were randomized between one and two hyperthermia treatments per week for a total of five or 10 treatments, respectively. Lesions were excised 4-6 weeks after completion of hyperthermia/radiation therapy. Successful treatment outcome was considered to be the finding of greater than 80% necrosis of the sarcoma upon histopathologic examination of the resected specimen. Forty-five patients were eligible with thermometry data available in 44 patients. An average of 19 interstitial sites were monitored each treatment per tumor. Sixty percent of tumors had a successful histopathologic outcome. Univariate analysis demonstrated that several descriptors of the temperature distribution were strongly related to treatment outcome; more strongly than nonthermometric factors, such as the number of treatments per week, tumor volume and patient age and more strongly than the commonly used temperature descriptors Tmin and Tmax. Descriptors that incorporated both temperature and time were also superior to the more commonly used descriptors Tmin and Tmax. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that a descriptor of both the hyperthermia treatment time and the frequency distribution of intratumoral temperatures was the strongest predictor of histopathologic outcome and that the best predictive model combined this time/temperature descriptor and one versus two treatment per week grouping. The more conventional temperature descriptor, minimum measured tumor temperature, did not significantly enhance the predictive power of treatment group. Based on these results, we recommend that descriptors based on both the frequency distribution of intratumoral temperatures and hyperthermia treatment time be tested for relationships with treatment outcome in other clinical data bases. Furthermore, we recommend that temperature descriptors that are less sensitive to catheter placement and tumor boundary identification than Tmin and Tmax (such as T90, T50, and T10) be tested prospectively along with other important thermal variables in Phase II trials in further efforts to define a thermal dosimetry for spatially nonuniform temperature distributions.
Clinical applications of wall-stress analysis in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Objective: To determine whether serial, noninvasive assessment of afterload, contractility, and Doppler-derived cardiac output reliably detects variations in cardiac function in unstable pediatric patients. Design: Prospective, blinded clinical trial. Setting: The pediatric intensive care unit at Massachusetts General Hospital. Patients: Fourteen critically ill pediatric patients. Interventions: Pediatric patients meeting criteria for hemodynamic instability underwent serial echocardiograms every 6 hrs until they met exit criteria, generating 75 studies. Measurements and Main Results: Shortening fraction, cardiac index (CI), end-systolic wall stress (ESWS), and corrected velocity of circumferential shortening (Vcfc) were measured in each patient. Data points were plotted as a stress-velocity relationship, compared with published normal values, then correlated with changes in vital signs and pharmacologic interventions. Fourteen of 16 patients who were enrolled completed the study. A strong negative correlation between ESWS and Vcfc was confirmed (p < .001). As an internal measure of validity, Vcfc had a strong positive correlation with Cl measurements (p =.012). An increase in dopamine infusion was associated with a fall in ESWS (p = .02), an increase in Vcfc (p =.03), and an increase in the Cl as measured by Doppler (p =.035). The infusion of dopamine above renal perfusion levels moved patients from zones of normal or compensated contractility for afterload on a modified stress-velocity relationship to a zone of high contractility for afterload. Urine output was the only clinical index of cardiac function that had a significant correlation with the echocardiographic indices. Hemodynamically unstable patients followed similar patterns of deterioration and recovery on the modified stress-velocity graph. All surviving patients returned to a normal or compensated zone. Conclusions: Wall-stress analysis of cardiac function is easily and safely performed on mechanically ventilated pediatric patients with the production of consistently high-quality data. For internal validity, Vcfc and Cl measurements were correlated and were strongly positive. Wall-stress indices reliably detected patient deterioration, recovery, and response to changes in dopamine infusion. Patients who failed to return to areas of normal or compensated levels of contractility and afterload did poorly in this study. Noninvasive measures of afterload and contractility appear useful for monitoring cardiac function of critically ill children in an intensive care setting.
Spectrum profiles in the presence of stark, Lorentz and Doppler broadenings☆

Abstract The nearest neighbor approximation of the Stark broadening is used, together with the standard Lorentzian and Doppler profiles, to compute convoluted line profiles. Two universal profile functions are obtained which are analogous to the Voigt function.
Short review: molecular phylogenetic analyses of reef corals

In the past two decades, evolutionary studies of reef corals have greatly advanced owing to the intriguing characteristics of corals, such as hybridization and synchronous mass spawning, and development of molecular techniques. These evolutionary works have mainly focused on the genus Acropora because of its dominance. It has the highest number of species and is a major member of the mass spawning event, which characteristics suggest its unusual evolutionary process called “reticulate evolution.” Although studies using other corals have been very limited, some have demonstrated obscure species boundaries between closely related species, implying hybridization in the present or past. Most of these studies used genetic analysis, because it is very useful for investigation of species and population relationships among and within regions and to infer phylogenetic relationships from the species level to higher taxonomic levels. For anyone wishing to study the evolution and taxonomy of corals, familiarity with these molecular works, even for nongenetic analysts, is essential. This review summarizes the evolutionary studies of reef corals using molecular analyses.
Radar penetrates only the youngest geological units on Mars

[1] Signals from the Shallow Radar were intended to penetrate hundreds of meters or more into Mars, but subsurface reflections are abundant only in known or inferred ice-rich units and young (middle to late Amazonian), apparently pristine, volcanic units. As volcanic units age, fewer subsurface reflections are detected. Also, no subsurface reflections are detected from any northern hemisphere units inferred to be altered by water. We suggest that the general lack of subsurface reflections on Mars is not likely an indication that the shallow interior is devoid of structure and stratigraphy but rather an indication that dielectric contrasts cannot be detected due to signal attenuation originating from scattering and/or absorption. We constrained the attenuation rate in regions with no subsurface reflections to 0.065–0.27 dB/m. This corresponds to scattering losses from meter-scale fractures and/or lithologic density variations of 0.27–1.03 g/cm3. Alternatively, our laboratory measurements have shown that three monolayers of adsorbed water on 2.2–14 vol % smectite clays can completely absorb radar energy and would be equivalent to a global water layer just ∼0.2–0.6 m thick. We suggest that the increased attenuation in volcanic units comes from an increase in fracture density. Attenuation in water-altered units may be due to the greater heterogeneity in sedimentary units and/or chemical alteration that has formed high-surface-area smectites capable of holding the necessary amount of adsorbed water. Overall, the lack of widespread, deep subsurface reflections is due to the more Earth-like radar properties of Mars, as compared to the Moon-like properties that were anticipated.
SENSITIVITY OF THE LIDAR SOLUTION TO ERRORS OF THE AEROSOL BACKSCATTER-TO-EXTINCTION RATIO : INFLUENCE OF A MONOTONIC CHANGE IN THE AEROSOL EXTINCTION COEFFICIENT

Unlike other errors in the lidar equation solution for the two-component atmosphere, the error of the measured aerosol extinction coefficient caused by inaccuracies in the assumed aerosol backscatter-to-extinction ratios significantly depends on the aerosol spatial inhomogeneity. In a slightly nonhomogeneous atmosphere, an incorrect value in the assumed aerosol backscatter-to-extinction ratio does not significantly corrupt the measurement result, whereas in an atmosphere with a large monotonic change of the aerosol extinction [e.g., in the lower troposphere], the incorrect value yields a large distortion of the retrieved extinction-coefficient profile. In the latter case, even the far-end solution can produce a large error in the retrieved extinction coefficient. The analytical formulas for the determination of the range errors, obtained for the Klett and the optical-depth solutions, show that these errors significantly depend on the method of the boundary-condition determination. Distortions of the retrieved aerosol extinction profiles are, in general, larger if the assumed aerosol backscatter-to-extinction ratio is underestimated in relation to the real value.
Chicana Academic Persistence: Creating a University-Based Community.

Xoci, a Chicana, attends a predominately White university in her hometown. She lives at home with her family, where she is responsible for her younger siblings and many household duties. The first in her family to attend college, Xoci is having difficulty managing her academic demands and home obligations; she has not been completing her class readings, homework assignments, or necessary household tasks. She is considering dropping out of school as she feels alone on campus and unsure of how to balance her home and school life. Her parents encourage her but can offer little advice beyond telling her to try harder. She has not confided in her instructors; she does not feel they would understand her.
Myosin Light Chain Kinase in Microvascular Endothelial Barrier Function

Microvascular barrier dysfunction is implicated in the initiation and progression of inflammation, posttraumatic complications, sepsis, ischaemia–reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. Under physiological conditions, a precise equilibrium between endothelial cell–cell adhesion and actin–myosin-based centripetal tension tightly controls the semi-permeability of microvascular barriers. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) plays an important role in maintaining the equilibrium by phosphorylating myosin light chain (MLC), thereby inducing actomyosin contractility and weakening endothelial cell–cell adhesion. MLCK is activated by numerous physiological factors and inflammatory or angiogenic mediators, causing vascular hyperpermeability. In this review, we discuss experimental evidence supporting the crucial role of MLCK in the hyperpermeability response to key cell signalling events during inflammation. At the cellular level, in vitro studies of cultured endothelial monolayers treated with MLCK inhibitors or transfected with specific inhibiting peptides have demonstrated that induction of endothelial MLCK activity is necessary for hyperpermeability. Ex vivo studies of live microvessels, enabled by development of the isolated, perfused venule method, support the importance of MLCK in endothelial permeability regulation in an environment that more closely resembles in vivo tissues. Finally, the role of MLCK in vascular hyperpermeability has been confirmed with in vivo studies of animal disease models and the use of transgenic MLCK210 knockout mice. These approaches provide a more complete view of the role of MLCK in vascular barrier dysfunction.
In-flight flexure and spin lock-in for antitank kinetic energy projectiles

A time-dependent analysis, coupling the rod vibration equation and pure roll motion equation, is formulated to numerically simulate the in-flight bending behavior of antitank kinetic energy projectile rods. The projectile is modeled as undergoing continuous, simulated planar pitching motion with the aerodynamic, spin, and structural damping forces included. The main parameter affecting the projectile spin and rod deflection responses is the fin torque producing the spin. Detailed spin, deflection, maximum stress, pitching angle, and rod shape histories are obtained along the projectile trajectory. Various steady-state spin cases are studied to simulate the effect of damaged fins. The spin lock-in phenomenon at the first lateral flexing natural frequency is captured by the present model for rods with simulated damaged fins. Any deformable projectile attempting, because of damaged fins, to spin past that frequency was found to lock-in to spinning at that frequency. Both suband supercritical spin cases are computed. Predictions of the rod shape at any instant and under actual flight conditions are made.
Physics and applications of photonic crystals in semiconductor lasers

Optical confinement from 2-dimensional photonic crystals is shown to enable high performance single mode vertical cavity surface emitting lasers as well as create in-plane novel heterostructure and optimized defect cavity membrane lasers.
Arithmetic properties of coefficients of half-integral weight Maass-Poincaré series

Zagier [23] proved that the generating functions for the traces of level 1 singular moduli are weight 3/2 modular forms. He also obtained generalizations for “twisted traces”, and for traces of special non-holomorphic modular functions. Using properties of Kloosterman-Salie sums, and a well known reformulation of Salie sums in terms of orbits of CM points, we systematically show that such results hold for arbitrary weakly holomorphic and cuspidal half-integral weight Poincare series in Kohnen’s Γ0(4) plus-space. These results imply the aforementioned results of Zagier, and they provide exact formulas for such traces.
UNIQUENESS OF THE VENEZIANO REPRESENTATION.

It is proved that the generalized Veneziano representation, expressed as a sum of terms of the Veneziano type, is the unique dynamical solution for a relativistic scattering amplitude which satisfies analyticity, crossing symmetry, and the specific dynamical assumption of the narrow-resonance approximation with resonances lying on linear trajectories.
Physician Treatment of Osteoporosis in Response to Heel Ultrasound Bone Mineral Density Reports

Abstract Optimal information that should be included in ultrasound (US) heel bone mineral density (BMD) reports is not known. If additional information about further evaluation of patients with low heel BMD were included in reports, would responses for treatment improve? We screened people at health fairs using the Sahara heel US machine. For those with a T-score of ≤–1.0, letters were sent to their primary care physician notifying them of the result. Physicians were randomly assigned to (1) a standard letter, which recommended central bone density screening (dual X-ray absorptiometry [DXA]) and treatment if the BMD was low; or (2) an extended letter, which also outlined treatment strategies based on recommended subsequent central DXA scan results for a T-score of p = 0.084). Of people with T ≤ –1.9, and initially taking nothing more than calcium, 5 of 36 (13.9%) received additional treatment after physicians received a standard letter vs 9 of 41 (22.0%) after an extended letter (one-sided p = 0.180). For those with T ≤ –1.0 because of the screen 25 of 197 (12.7%) received additional treatment. One hundred forty-six of 194 (75%) individuals and received treatment with calcium or other medications, and 74 of 173 (43%) of individuals before screening and 141 of 195 (72%) after physicians received letters took calcium. Physicians regarded calcium alone as adequate treatment in many cases. There was no marked increase in treatment when additional information was provided to physicians regarding evaluation and treatment for low US heel BMD results.
Analysis of cost and quality of service of time-based dynamic mobility management in wireless networks

A key observation of a time-based location management scheme (TBLMS) is that the simple paging method (i.e., the fastest paging method) does not guarantee to find a mobile terminal, no matter how small the location update cycle is and how big the radius of a paging area (PA) is. Therefore, in addition to cost analysis and optimization, there is one extra issue to deal with in a TBLMS, i.e., the quality of service (QoS), which is the probability that a mobile terminal can be found in the current PA. The main contributions of the paper are as follows. First, based on our previous results on random walks among rings of cell structures, we analyze the location distribution of a mobile terminal in a PA and the reachability of a mobile terminal in a PA when a phone call arrives, where the inter-call time and the cell residence time can have an arbitrary probability distribution. Second, using results from renewal processes, we analyze the cost of dynamic mobility management in a TBLMS, where the inter-call time and the cell residence time can have an arbitrary probability distribution. Third, we develop a method to find a TBLMS which has the best combination of the location update cycle and the radius of a PA with the minimum cost of mobility management, while still satisfying the required QoS.
Electrochemical delivery of dopamine

Abstract A polymer coated carbon electrode was used to release dopamine into solution in response to an electrical signal. The released dopamine was detected on a nearby electrode.
Sentinel Node Biopsy in Lieu of Neck Dissection for Staging Oral Cancer

Importance Neck dissection is the standard staging procedure to ascertain the pathologic status of cervical lymph nodes in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but it results in multiple morbidities. Objective To examine outcomes of patients with OSCC who underwent sentinel node biopsy (SNB) as the sole neck staging procedure. Design Retrospective review of patients who underwent SNB during the period 2005 through 2011. Setting National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer center. Participants Thirty-eight patients with clinically T1 or T2N0 OSCC. Interventions Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy with intraoperative gamma probe localization was used. Sentinel lymph nodes were serially sectioned, formalin fixed, and examined at 3 levels. All patients with positive SNB results underwent neck dissection, and the patients with negative SNB results were observed clinically. Main Outcomes and Measures Sensitivity and predictive value of SNB, recurrence rates, and disease-specific survival rates. Results There were 18 T1 and 20 T2 tumors. Five patients had positive SNB results, of whom 3 had additional positive nodes on subsequent neck dissection. Two of 33 patients with negative SNB results developed a regional recurrence. The sensitivity and negative predictive value for staging the neck with SNB alone were 71% (5 of 7) and 94% (31 of 33), respectively. Mean follow-up was 31 months. The mean disease-free survival duration for patients with positive and negative SNB results was 30 and 65 months, respectively ( P = .08). The disease-specific survival rate for patients with positive and negative SNB results was 80% and 91%, respectively. There was no significant difference in disease-specific survival between patients with true-negative and false-negative SNB results (34 vs 44 months; P = .38). Conclusions and Relevance The majority of patients with positive results on SNB had additional positive nodes on neck dissection. A low rate of isolated neck recurrence was found in patients with negative results on SNB. Individuals with negative results on SNB exhibited better overall and disease-specific survival than those with positive results.
Peripheral arterial occlusion in patients with acute coronary heart disease

Abstract One hundred consecutive patients with acute coronary heart disease were examined carefully for the presence of peripheral arterial occlusion. In addition to pulse palpation, blood pressures and oscillometric recordings were obtained in the lower extremities. Fifty-five had definite arterial occlusion, and seven had findings strongly suggestive of peripheral arterial disease. Only one third of the patients with arterial occlusion gave a history of intermittent claudication. One half of the patients with no previous cardiac history already had signs of peripheral arteriosclerosis. The data suggest that examination of the peripheral circulation is a useful screening procedure for the identification of individuals prone to coronary heart disease.
Characterizing and Improving the Performance of Bioinformatics Workloads on the POWER5 Architecture

This paper examines several mechanisms to improve the performance of life science applications on high-performance computer architectures typically designed for more traditional supercomputing tasks. In particular, we look at the detailed performance characteristics of some of the most popular sequence alignment and homology applications on the POWERS architecture offering from IBM. Through detailed analysis of performance counter information collected from the hardware, we identify the main performance bottleneck in the current POWER5 architecture for these applications is the high branch misprediction penalty of the most time-consuming kernels of these codes. Utilizing our PowerPC full system simulation environment, we show the performance improvement afforded by adding conditional assignments to the PowerPC ISA. We also show the impact of changing the number of functional units to a more appropriate mix for the characteristics of bioinformatics applications. Finally, we examine the benefit of removing the two-cycle penalty currently in the POWERS architecture for taken branches due to the lack of a branch target buffer. Addressing these three performance-limiting aspects provides an average 64% improvement in application performance.
Further experiments on the uniformity of distribution of the cosmic radiation

More careful and prolonged observations on the small, daily variation before reported in the measured intensities of the cosmic rays, the new observations being made under such conditions as to eliminate the possibility of a slight temperature effect suggested by Bowen and Millikan's recent explanation of ionization-pressure relations in high-pressure electroscopes, yield the definite result that within the limits of the author's present observational uncertainty which is of the order of a third of a percent, the sun has no direct influence on cosmic-ray intensities. New evidence is presented that if observed and apparently systematic variations of the order of a third of a percent are in fact real they are best interpreted as the result of small changes in the blanketing effect of the earth's atmosphere due to air currents.
Deposition of Titanilum Nitride Thin Films by Plasma Enhanced CVD and Reactive Sputtering

Titanium nitride films were deposited from TiCl4 /NH3 mixtures in a rf glow discharge.The deposition was carried o t at pressures between 0.1 and 0.7 Torr, RF powers of 0.1 to 1.1 watt/cm2, and temperatures between 400°C and 600°C.The films deposited at 600°C had low chlorine content and resistivities in the range of 100 to 200 μΩ-cm.Films deposited at temperatures below 500°C contained large amounts of chlorine (> 15 at %) and showed poor electrical properties.The films were further characterized by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES).The effect of plasma parameters on the deposition rate and film properties is discussed.Comparisons to films prepared by reactive sputtering of titanium in a nitrogen atmosphere are presented.
Bandwidth Adaptive Cache Coherence Optimizations for Chip Multiprocessors

Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) have different technological parameters and physical constraints than earlier multi-processor systems, which should be taken into consideration when designing cache coherence protocols. Also, contemporary cache coherence protocols use invalidate schemes that are known to generate a high number of coherence misses. This is especially true under producer-consumer sharing patterns that can become a performance bottleneck as the number of cores increases. This paper presents two mechanisms to design efficient and scalable cache coherence protocols for CMPs. First, we propose an adaptive hybrid protocol to reduce coherence misses observed in write-invalidate based protocols. The proposed protocol is based on a write-invalidate scheme. However, adaptively, it can push updates to potential consumers based on observed producer-consumer sharing patterns. Secondly, we extend this adaptive protocol with an interconnection resource aware mechanism. Experimental evaluations, conducted on a tiled-CMP via full-system simulation, were used to assess the performance from our proposed dynamic hybrid protocols. Performance analysis is presented on a set of scientific applications from the SPLASH-2 and NAS parallel benchmark suites. Results showed that the proposed mechanisms reduce cache-to-cache sharing misses up to 48 % and speed up application performance up to 34 %. In addition, the proposed interconnection resource aware mechanism is proven to perform well under varying interconnection utilizations.
Coilin phosphorylation mediates interaction with SMN and SmB

Cajal bodies (CBs) are subnuclear domains that participate in spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) biogenesis and play a part in the assembly of the spliceosomal complex. The CB marker protein, coilin, interacts with survival of motor neuron (SMN) and Sm proteins. Several coilin phosphoresidues have been identified by mass spectrometric analysis. Phosphorylation of coilin affects its self-interaction and localization in the nucleus. We hypothesize that coilin phosphorylation also impacts its binding to SMN and Sm proteins. In vitro binding studies with a C-terminal fragment of coilin and corresponding phosphomimics show that SMN binds preferentially to dephosphorylated analogs and that SmB′ binds preferentially to phosphomimetic constructs. Bacterially expressed full-length coilin binds more SMN and SmB′ than does the C-terminal fragment. Co-immunoprecipitation and phosphatase experiments show that SMN also binds dephosphorylated coilin in vivo. These data show that phosphorylation of coilin influences interaction with its target proteins and, thus, may be significant in managing the flow of snRNPs through the CB.
In vivo SPECT imaging of 5-HT1A receptors with [123I]p-MPPI in nonhuman primates.

The in vivo imaging of a novel iodinated phenylpiperazine derivative for 5-HT1A receptors, [123I]p-MPPI (4-(2'-methoxy-)phenyl-1-[2'-(n-2"-pyridinyl)-p-iodobenzamido-] ethyl-piperazine), using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), was evaluated in nonhuman primates. After an i.v. injection, [123I]p-MPPI penetrated the blood-brain barrier quickly and localized in brain regions where 5-HT1A receptor density is high (hippocampus, frontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, entorhinal cortex). Maximum ratio of hippocampus to cerebellum was 3 to 1 at 50 min postinjection. The specific binding of the radioligand in the hippocampal region, an area rich in 5-HT1A receptor density, was blocked by a chasing dose of (+/-) 8-OH-DPAT (2 mg/kg, i.v.) or non-radioactive p-MPPI (1 mg/kg, i.v.), whereas the regional distribution of [123I]p-MPPI was unaffected by treatment with non 5-HT1A agents, such as ketanserin. Ex vivo and in vitro autoradiographic studies using monkey brain further confirmed that the specific binding of [123I]p-MPPI is associated with 5-HT1A receptor sites. However, the initial attempt at [123I]p-MPPI human imaging studies did not display specific localization of 5-HT1A receptors. This discrepancy observed for [123I]p-MPPI may be due to a dramatic difference in metabolic pathways between humans and monkeys.
Optimization study of Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction on high-loading macrobeads using a silyl linker

Abstract Two types of Sonogashira reactions were systematically evaluated on silyl linker based high-loading polystyrene macrobeads, this study paves the way for their future application in the combinatorial syntheses of some natural product-like molecules.
Xe+n - Xe+n Charge Exchange Experiment Using a Split-Beam and Beam Intersection Technique

We describe a design for colliding beam charge exchange experiments using the Xe beam that exits from the 1.5 MV Dynamitron of the Argonne National Laboratory Heavy Ion Fusion Facility. These experiments can be performed at any Xe beam energy as it becomes available, from 1.5 MeV to 10 MeV, and at any charge state from Xe+1 to Xe+8.
HIV/AIDS and homophobia: subtle hatreds, severe consequences and the question of origins

This paper argues that the relationship between homophobia and HIV/AIDS is not as direct as is often assumed. This argument is pursued through an examination of the situation of gay men in Australia, a country where the HIV epidemic is largely confined to gay men, and Bangladesh, a country and culture where sex between men does not conform to categories of human sexuality privileged in Western theory. Both of these countries reveal something different about cultures of sex between men, which provides a counterpoint to the often compelling and usually pervasive accounts of HIV-related discrimination that are derived particularly from North America. The paper concludes with a plea that as efforts are geared up to fight the HIV pandemic in Asia and the Pacific, researchers, planners and practitioners become more critical of the conceptual tools they rely on in thinking about HIV/AIDS and human sexual activity, so that it is possible to mobilize (and do less damage to) local cultures of sexuality.
A convex hull approach to sparse representations for exemplar-based speech recognition

In this paper, we propose a novel exemplar based technique for classification problems where for every new test sample the classification model is re-estimated from a subset of relevant samples of the training data.We formulate the exemplar-based classification paradigm as a sparse representation (SR) problem, and explore the use of convex hull constraints to enforce both regularization and sparsity. Finally, we utilize the Extended Baum-Welch (EBW) optimization technique to solve the SR problem. We explore our proposed methodology on the TIMIT phonetic classification task, showing that our proposed method offers statistically significant improvements over common classification methods, and provides an accuracy of 82.9%, the best single-classifier number reported to date.
Impact of unbalanced grid conditions on PV systems

With more and more photovoltaic (PV) panels, energy storage devices and other small generators being put into service, it is necessary to integrate them into power systems. Grid integration provides a reliable means for customers to use renewable energy such as solar at its maximum and to use other sources as backup. Inverters are widely used as interfaces for these distribution resources. In this paper, impact of unbalance on grid connected PV panels will be first investigated. Then detailed models of PV systems with inverter interfaces and control structures are formulated and built in PSCAD, a commercial software package for digital simulation. Computer simulations will be followed to verify the analysis. Further, countermeasures will be sought to mitigate the impact.
Chromosome studies in the superfamily Bovoidea.

The chromosome morphology of about 50 species of Bovoidea has now been investigated. Although the diploid number varies from 30 to 60 among these species, the fundamental number (NF) varies only (with but three exceptions) from 58 to 62. This indicates an almost exclusive use of the Robertsonian fusion mechanism of karyotype evolution in this group of species which represent 30 different genera. All known cytogenetic information on the Bovoidea has been summarized and a complete bibliography is presented for each species. Karyotypes and data on a number of previously unstudied species are presented.
Interpersonal-relational psychoanalysis: An introduction and overview of contemporary implications and applications

Abstract For half a century Interpersonal psychoanalysis has developed relatively independent of the tradition of Freud and his followers. The Interpersonal movement was founded by Harry Stack Sullivan, Clara Thompson and others who believed that the psyche could not be understood as an entity that evolves without input from the external environment. The Interpersonal view is that interactions between people influence every aspect of the individual's experience, and that no person can be studied without simultaneously noting the ongoing impact between the observer and the observed. This line of thought has led to conclusions concerning personality, psychopathology and clinical technique that depart from traditional psychoanalysis. The paper illustrates a number of these differences, emphasizing that the current emergence of the “two-person model” of the psychoanalytic situation offers a potential rapprochement between the Interpersonal and more classical views.
Isolation and Partial Characterization of Phytic Acid‐Rich Particles from Great Northern Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Phytic acid-rich particles were isolated from a combined density fraction (CDF) of Great Northern beans. CDF contained more than 80% of the total phytic acid, and 70% of the total crude protein and substantial amounts of certain minerals. CDF had phytic acid in both water soluble and water insoluble forms. An isolate containing phytic acid-rich particles was prepared from CDF using a Tris-base solution. The phytic acid-rich isolate contained 26.6% phytic acid, 34.3% protein, 30.0% total carbohydrates, 0.6% calcium, 2.1% magnesium, and 0.3% potassium. Chemical analysis and fractionation of CDF indicated that the water insoluble form of phytic acid in Great Northern beans was present as a salt of calcium-magnesium-potassium in association with proteins.
Teleost caudal neurosecretory system: Effects of osmotic stress on urophysial proteins and active factors

Abstract 1. 1. Disc-gel electrophoresis of urophyses from the euryhaline marine teleost Gillichthys mirabilis reveals the presence of two prominent proteins not found in other tissues of the same animal. 2. 2. The two unique urophysial proteins are depleted when the animals are kept 6 days in fresh water. Milder salinity alterations do not alter the amount of protein. 3. 3. The amount of toad-bladder water permeability factor in urophyses is also depleted by a 6-day fresh-water stress, but the amount of trout bladder-contracting factor is not altered.
The direct and indirect impact of bank privatization and foreign entry on access to credit in Argentina’s provinces

Abstract Privatization and increased foreign ownership transformed the Argentine banking sector during the 1990s. While both improved sector efficiency, there was concern that they might reduce access to credit outside of Buenos Aires. The results in this paper suggest that these fears were exaggerated. Provinces that privatized their banks suffered only temporary reductions in credit associated with cleaning the portfolio of the privatized banks. Typically, growth in lending by the privatized entity and by other banks restored credit to pre-privatization levels within a few years. In addition, increased foreign ownership coincided with more, not less, lending outside of Buenos Aires.
PHOTOOXIDATION OF CORBETT FRACTIONS OF ASPHALT

ABSTRACT Oxidation of asphalt causes the degradation and failure of asphalt pavement. Due to the molecular complexity and relatively high molecular weight of asphalt, the oxidation mechanism is complicated by the interactions among the molecules of different types. To minimize the interactions, the asphalt sample was chromatographically separated into saturates, naphthalene aromatics, polar aromatics, and asphaltenes. These Corbett fractions were then oxidized under ultraviolet irradiation. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the structural changes of the Corbett fractions during photooxidation. All Corbett fractions have shown significant spectral changes in the region of 3500 − 3100 cm−1 characterized the stretching vibrations of hydroxyl or nitrogen-hydrogen groups, the peak around 1700 cm−1 featured carbonyl groups, and in the region of 1320 − 1000 cm−1 characterized the formation of sulfur-containing functional groups. Strong evidence has shown that sulfates are produced in th...
Pedestal structure and stability in H-mode and I-mode: a comparative study on Alcator C-Mod

New experimental data from the Alcator C-Mod tokamak are used to benchmark predictive modelling of the edge pedestal in various high-confinement regimes, contributing to greater confidence in projection of pedestal height and width in ITER and reactors. ELMy H-modes operate near stability limits for ideal peeling–ballooning modes, as shown by calculations with the ELITE code. Experimental pedestal width in ELMy H-mode scales as the square root of βpol at the pedestal top, i.e. the dependence expected from theory if kinetic ballooning modes (KBMs) were responsible for limiting the pedestal width. A search for KBMs in experiment has revealed a short-wavelength electromagnetic fluctuation in the pedestal that is a candidate driver for inter-edge localized mode (ELM) pedestal regulation. A predictive pedestal model (EPED) has been tested on an extended set of ELMy H-modes from C-Mod, reproducing pedestal height and width reasonably well across the data set, and extending the tested range of EPED to the highest absolute pressures available on any existing tokamak and to within a factor of three of the pedestal pressure targeted for ITER. In addition, C-Mod offers access to two regimes, enhanced D-alpha (EDA) H-mode and I-mode, that have high pedestals, but in which large ELM activity is naturally suppressed and, instead, particle and impurity transport are regulated continuously. Pedestals of EDA H-mode and I-mode discharges are found to be ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stable with ELITE, consistent with the general absence of ELM activity. Invocation of alternative physics mechanisms may be required to make EPED-like predictions of pedestals in these kinds of intrinsically ELM-suppressed regimes, which would be very beneficial to operation in burning plasma devices.
A novel pulse-poling technique for EO polymer waveguide devices using device electrode poling

The authors describe a novel method for poling electrooptic polymer modulators using a pulse-poling technique. Device electrodes were used directly for poling, such that the poling field is selectively applied in a counter-aligned fashion while the single field is coaligned, thus requiring only a single-voltage source for poling and modulation. Channel waveguide losses caused by poling with the device electrodes were measured and compared to total waveguide poling. The technique was found to introduce less overall loss for devices with inactive waveguide regions of more than a few millimeters and simplifies fabrication requirements. >
Lower stratosphere waves during 1986–89 Southern Springs

Global NMC height analyses and Nimbus 7 TOMS Grid-T Version 6 data are used to investigate the horizontal structure of ozone and 50-mb height waves for the 1986-1989 springs of the Southern Hemisphere. Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) are obtained for the ozone and height data independently to identify the meridional structure of observed long waves as well as their propagation characteristics. The leading EOFs for both the ozone and 50-mb height waves exhibit wavenumber 1 and 2 patterns. The correlation coefficients between ozone and 50-mb height principal components are high. They indicate high/low ozone values associated with high/low values of 50-mb heights. This distribution is consistent with the advection of ozone by planetary waves south of the ozone maximum, as shown by a simple linear wave model. The observed total ozone amplitudes for waves 1 and 2 for most years are consistent with the total ozone predictions by the wave model.
Flow Boiling of Sub-Cooled Pentane on a Micro-Porous Coating

Flow boiling experiments with sub-cooled Isopentane and n-Pentane at 3.0bar pressure assess the utility of compressed copper- and steel-filament screen laminate surface coatings as high performance boiling surfaces. High-speed video show that at high heat flux ebullition is unsteady. Isopentane and n-Pentane are found to produce nearly identical boiling characteristic curves. At the same applied heat flux, the superheat of copper filament coatings are much smaller than the steel filament coating superheats.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The Influence of Mothers and Fathers on the Status Self-Placement of College Youth

Despite the existence of theoretical statements to the effect that status dependents directly derive their own status from the adult male head of the household, there is little systematic research in support. Survey data from university students is made homogeneous on several dimensions and then subjected to regression analyses predicting the self-placement of these youths using status indicators of both mother and father. Among the findings are that the objective indicators are of little importance, that subjective definition of mothers is more important than that of fathers in one's self-placement, and that there are sex-specific effects. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Cornering metastases: therapeutic targeting of circulating tumor cells and stem cells

The last decade has witnessed an evolution of our understanding of the biology of the metastatic cascade. Recent insights into the metastatic process show that it is complex, dynamic and multi-directional. This process starts at a very early stage in the natural history of solid tumor growth leading to early development of metastases that grow in parallel with the primary tumor. The role of stem cells in perpetuating cancer metastases is increasingly becoming more evident. At the same time, there is a growing recognition of the crucial role circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play in the development of metastases. These insights have laid the biological foundations for therapeutic targeting of CTCs, a promising area of research that aims to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by preventing the development of metastases at a very early stage. The hematogenous transport phase of the metastatic cascade provides critical access to CTCs for therapeutic targeting aiming to interrupt the metastatic process. Recent advances in the fields of nanotechnology and micro-fluidics have led to the development of several devices for in-vivo targeting of CTC during transit in the circulation. Selectin-coated tubes that target cell adhesion molecules, immuno-magnetic separators and in-vivo photoacoustic flow cytometers are currently being developed for this purpose. On the pharmacological front, several pharmacological and immunological agents targeting cancer stem cells are currently being developed. Such agents may ultimately prove to be effective against circulating tumor stem cells (CTSCs). Although still in its infancy, therapeutic targeting of CTCs and CTSCs offers an unprecedented opportunity to prevent the development of metastasis and potentially alter the natural history of cancer. By rendering cancer a “local” disease, these approaches could lead to major reductions in metastasis-related morbidity and mortality.
Disruption of a proto-planetary disc by the black hole at the milky way centre.

Recent observations have uncovered a cloud of ionized gas falling into the supermassive black hole at the centre of our galaxy. Murray-Clay and Loeb present a model that may explain these observations, in which the cloud is produced from the proto-planetary disc around a low-mass star orbiting the black hole.