cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Woodlots in the rural landscape: landowner motivations and management attitudes in a Michigan (USA) case study

Abstract Woodlots provide important environmental benefits in the Midwestern (USA) landscape, where they are undergoing rapid change. An increasingly diverse farm and non-farm population owns these non-industrial private forests (NIPFs). It is essential to understand what motivates NIPF landowners to retain and manage their forests. We describe a study of NIPF owners in an agricultural watershed where forest cover is increasing. What motivations and management practices might be contributing to this increase? The results of a survey of 112 NIPF owners suggest that aesthetic appreciation is the strongest motivator for retaining woodlots, especially by non-farmers. Protecting the environment also seems to be important for both farmers and non-farmers, while economic motivations are significantly less important. Landowners indicated that they are primarily taking a “hands-off” approach to management. This study provides insights for those interested in understanding NIPF landowners’ motivations and for developing effective programs.
A new combining rule for mixture equations of state: higher order composition dependencies reduce to quadratic composition dependence. Application to natural gas mixtures

Abstract A combining rule that reduces third and higher order virial coefficient type mixing rules to quadratic is used to simplify the form of a very accurate equation of state and is applied to various natural gas component binary mixtures. The accuracy obtained is comparable to that reported for the original equation of state and yet it reduces significantly the number of parameters necessary to describe the mixture. The systems tested are binary mixtures of the following gases: CH4, N2, CO2, C2H6, H2, C3H8 and CO. This study proves that the representation of the third virial coefficient as quadratic in the mole fractions is highly accurate for these binary systems. This representation, therefore should be accurate for systems which are non-associating and non-highly polar fluids.
The politics of Latin American development

In this introduction to Latin American politics, Professor Wynia probes behind historical events and reveals the fundamental economic and political dynamics shaping events and driving policy. Using the paradigm of politics as a game, domestic and foreign players are identified and the rules that govern their interaction are described. This analytical framework is then used in detailed analyses of the strategies of development that have dominated Latin American politics. Chapters are devoted to democratic reform, military authoritarianism, and revolutionary politics, with detailed examples from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, Peru, and Venezuela. In this third edition, Wynia analyses the rise of democratic governance as well as the challenges presented by unprecedented foreign debts. Special attention has been given to the restoration of constitutional democracy in Argentina and Brazil, and a systematic comparison is developed of the movements in those countries, first into authoritarianism and then into democracy.
Epo production at altitude in elite endurance athletes is not associated with the sea level hypoxic ventilatory response

Abstract The level of circulating erythropoietin (EPO) in response to a fixed level of hypoxia shows substantial inter-individual variability, the source of which is undetermined. Arterial PO 2 at altitude is regulated in part by the hypoxic ventilatory response, which also shows a wide inter-individual variability. We asked if the ventilatory response to hypoxia is related to the magnitude of EPO release at moderate altitude. Twenty-six national class US distance runners (17 M, 9 F) participated in a test of isocapnic hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) at sea level, 2–7 days prior to departure to altitude. EPO measures were obtained at sea level and after 20 h at 2500 m. HVR for all subjects was 0.21 ± 0.16 L min −1 %SaO 2 −1 (range 0.01–0.61 L min −1 %SaO 2 −1 ), with no significant difference between men and women. EPO was significantly increased from pre-altitude (8.6 ± 2.6 ng ml −1 , range 4.0–14.6 ng ml −1 ) to acute altitude (16.6 ± 4.4 ng ml −1 , range 5.0–27.0 ng ml −1 ), an increase of 92.2 ± 70.1%. There was no significant sex difference in the EPO increase. ΔEPO for all subjects was not correlated with HVR ( r = −0.17). Similarly, a statistically or physiologically significant correlation was not present between ΔEPO and HVR within the group of men ( r = −0.22) or women ( r = −0.19). The variability in the acute EPO response to moderate altitude is not explained by differences in peripheral chemoresponsiveness in elite distance runners. These results suggest that factors acting downstream from the lung influence the magnitude of the acute EPO response to altitude.
String Superalgebras and Integrability

On generalise le critere d'integrabilite du genre lumiere a partir des theories de jauge supersymetriques et de supergravite aux supercordes
A three-stage field service management model for effective post-sales service supply chain management

Addressing the dynamic and unique characteristics of post-sales field service management, this paper proposes a Three-Stage Field Service Management (3S-FSM) model with optimisation and advanced information technology capabilities for effective post-sales e-service supply chain management. The 3S-FSM model involves a novel approach to creating a new paradigm of supply chain management focusing on implementing integrated Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM) and intelligent field service scheduling solutions in three areas: (1) prognostic CBM capabilities enabled by data mining, (2) prescheduling service territory and field service planning by mathematical programming and service job clustering techniques and (3) multi-criteria field service scheduling and post-scheduling systems learning using fuzzy logic.
Extensive peptide ligand exchange by surface class I major histocompatibility complex molecules independent of exogenous beta 2-microglobulin.

Abstract Certain class I major histocompatibility complex molecules expressed on live cells have been shown to bind exogenous peptide ligands. However, it remains controversial whether this binding occurs by peptide exchange or to empty surface class I molecules. In this report we compare the surface binding and dissociation of two virus-derived ligands of the Ld class I molecule of the mouse. The peptide ligands were previously identified in immune responses to cytomegalovirus or lymphochoriomeningitis virus as immunodominant, optimally sized, and Ld restricted. Ligand dissociation was monitored on live cells indirectly by measuring the surface turnover of Ld-peptide complexes or directly by using labeled peptides. The cytomegalovirus-derived and lymphochoriomeningitis virus-derived peptides appeared to dissociate relatively rapidly; however, the cytomegalovirus-derived peptide had a more rapid off-rate than the lymphochoriomeningitis-derived peptide. Furthermore, these rates of dissociation appear to span that seen with endogenous Ld-associated peptides expressed by cells at 37 degrees C. Exploiting the extraordinary accessibility of the surface Ld ligand binding site we developed an assay to quantitate peptide ligand exchange. Cells were precoated with saturating amounts of unlabeled peptide by overnight incubation and were then tested for secondary binding of labeled peptides in a 4-h assay. Our results unequivocally demonstrate the potential for surface class I molecules to undergo peptide exchange. Furthermore, peptide exchange was found to be largely independent of exogenous beta 2-microglobulin. This result implies that beta 2-microglobulin association and not beta 2-microglobulin exchange is the critical factor in peptide exchange by surface class I molecules. Because of the exquisite ability of T cells to discriminate different amounts of ligand bound to class I, the binding of exogenous peptides could play a critical role in normal or aberrant immune responses.
FLAME-CAPTURING TECHNIQUE. I. ADAPTATION TO GAS EXPANSION

Various flame-tracking techniques are used in hydrodynamic simulations. Their use is indispensable when resolving the actual scale of the flame is impossible. We show that parameters defining "artificial flame" propagation found from model systems in use may yield flame velocities several times those required, due to matter expansion being ignored in the models. The integral effect of material expansion due to burning is incorporated into flame-capturing technique. Several models with simple burning rates are studied with gas expansion included. Plausible performance of the technique in simulations is discussed. Its modification, ensuring finite flame width is found. Specific realizations are proposed that feature flame structure insensitive to the expansion parameter; these ensure consistent scheme performance at different stages of burning. An interpolation formula is proposed for the parameters governing flame propagation yielding 0.2% accurate speed and width for any expansion (and at least 0.01% accurate for expansions typical in Type Ia supernova explosions.) Implementation suggestions are summarized. Proposed realizations are tested with the ALLA hydrodynamic code used for supernovae simulations.
Integration of hands-on laboratory modules to enhance the introduction of ocean science and engineering to undergraduates

Ocean science and engineering are exciting and active fields industry as well as academia. "Revolutionizing" marine science and technology requires that future generations have access to strong academic programs in ocean science and engineering. Undergraduates pursing degree programs in ocean engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are introduced to a wide range of engineering topics that are highly relevant in modern ocean research, exploration and utilization. A new degree program in Mechanical and Ocean Engineering, introduced recently, strives to educate students in the engineering fundamentals required for developing new technologies to operate in the complex ocean environment. Presented here is a framework for introducing the topic of Ocean Science and Engineering (OSE) to first year students to enable three major events: (1) to draw more undergraduate students into the field of Ocean Engineering and to the new Bachelors of Science degree program in Mechanical and Ocean Engineering at MIT, (2) to create a context in which students relate material that they learn in their core program subjects back to the ocean, and thus increase their retention of this knowledge, and (3) to generate life-long interest in ocean science and engineering. This paper discusses several innovative hands-on teaching modules that were developed for a one-term subject geared towards first and second year college students. This project-based approach aims to develop fundamental ocean instruments used in ocean exploration, while addressing the engineering challenges of working such a demanding environment. This subject material can also serve as an introduction to engineering in general
CCAL: an interpreted language for experimentation in concurrent control

Concurrent Control Abstraction Language, CCAL, is an interpreted language which provides no particular control regime to the user. CCAL instead supports five primitive operations which manipulate an abstract model of inter-procedural control. This model is intrinsically concurrent, and the user is allowed to construct high-level concurrent control operations from the primitives (hence, control abstraction). The primary use of CCAL is as a vehicle by which rapid prototyping of application specific control forms may be done and as a tool for the construction and evaluation of novel control forms, especially control forms for highly concurrent and distributed systems. The CCAL interpreter is implemented as a distributed program on a network of Vaxen and Sun-3 workstations under 4.2bsd and 4.3bsd Unix1. CCAL programs appear as multi-process programs in a shared memory system. Both true and apparent concurrency are possible. This paper describes the control abstraction facilities offered by the CCAL interpreter, its use, and implementation strategies in the distributed environment.
REALISM AND THE PRACTICE OF GEOGRAPHY

Realism is a philosophy of science wherein researchers attempt to identify structures and agents present in society and how they tend to act. Philosophical debates over realism, which have often been confrontational, have clouded the practical contributions of a realist approach to substantive research. The latter is the focus of this paper. Many realists combine several bodies of theory to explain the complexity of societies. In using these theories, realists clarify the distinctions between questions concerning observable phenomena and the processes that create them. A realist approach illuminates the elusive nature of social “facts” and the problems of meaning, interpretation, and understanding in researching the social world.
A Vector Model of Single Case Design Data and Its Use in Analyzing Large Single Case Design Replication Series

In this paper mathematical concepts from vector analysis are used to develop a vector model of single case design data. From this model several objective measures of change between single case design phases are developed. One, the Treatment Phase Effect Vector, is a multivariate index of change that indicates the change in level of a dependent variable at specific measurement points across treatment phase relative to baselme phase. A second, the Treatment Phase Effect, is a univariate index that represents the gross, overall change in a dependent variable that may have occurred between treatment and baseline phases. These, and other, conceptual tools have been developed for use in experimental studies of the effectiveness of a social work intervention in which methods from group comparison and single case design methodologies are used concomitantly. The use of these mathematical concepts in social work research is illustrated and discussed.
Research and Solutions: AASHE Student Award-Winning Paper: Converting Food Waste to Biogas

Biogas is a renewable source of natural gas produced by the microbial degradation of organic matter in a process called anaerobic digestion. While any organic material may be a feedstock for anaerobic digestion, waste organic matter represents a vast potential for sustainable energy production. Food waste, in particular, is a relatively untapped resource. Large amounts of food waste are produced at campus dining halls and other food service facilities. A case study was undertaken to determine biogas production and implementation potential at the University of Florida's Broward Dining Hall. Food waste quantity and current disposal methods were determined. The waste was analyzed for organic matter content and potential biogas yield. Food waste was digested in a small-scale anaerobic digester. The study demonstrated that converting food waste to biogas could provide significant supplemental energy to the dining hall and provide a closed-loop system for sustainable food waste management. By using biogas produ...
Qualifying pixels for attributed scattering center extraction

Use of co- and cross-polarization phase history data has been shown to enhance feature extraction from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Recent work with the spectrum-parted linked image test uses polarization with Fourier-based peak detection to qualify pixels for attributed scattering center (ASC) extraction from SAR phase history data. Extraction of closely spaced scattering centers suffers because only the dominant scatterer can be detected resulting in incomplete information about the object. We propose an ASC extraction method based on 2D Prony method and fully polarimetric SAR phase history similar to the SPLIT algorithm. In this work, we compare the signal parameter estimation performance when using a back-projection imaging operator to that when using 2D Prony method. We also examine the performance of feature estimation using experiments of primitive shapes that could represent a complicated feature needed for target classification.
Mercury in North Dakota lignite

Abstract Recent data indicate that North Dakota lignites are similar in mercury content to subbituminous coals from Montana and Wyoming. Studies dating back to the 1970s and early 1980s had shown that North Dakota lignites contain significantly higher levels of mercury than subbituminous coals from the Powder River Basin (10.1 mg/MMBtu for lignite compared to 6.2 mg/MMBtu for subbituminous). New data suggest significantly lower mercury concentrations for both North Dakota lignites and Powder River Basin subbituminous coals. These results indicate that North Dakota lignites contain an average of 4.2 mg Hg/MMBtu, whereas Powder River Basin subbituminous coals have an average of 3.7 mg Hg/MMBtu. Thus, the two types of coal appear to be very similar in average mercury concentrations. The difference between the new and older data likely results, in part, from recent improvements in sample collection and laboratory procedures. If North Dakota lignites do have average mercury concentrations similar to those of Montana and Wyoming coals, as indicated by the recently obtained data, it is likely that fuel switching would not significantly affect mercury emissions. These results demonstrate the importance of using up-to-date information when assessing emissions at electric utilities or other sources.
Optimal Bayesian design of experiments for the one-way random effects model

SUMMARY Since variance components are nonlinear parameters in a linear model, classical optimal designs for estimating variance components in the one-way random effects model depend on the values of the parameters. Optimal Bayesian designs are derived for the more realistic situation of unknown parameters, using the Fisher information of the variance components as a basis for comparing the designs. Balanced designs, in which the same number of measurements are taken on each unit, are shown to be optimal under various criteria for wide classes of priors in the one-way random effects model. In contrast to other nonlinear design problems, the number of support points for the design does not necessarily increase with increasingly vague prior information. Some design criteria that work well for other nonlinear design problems, such as D-optimality, do not give intuitively appealing designs for estimating variance components.
Protective effects of equol and their polyphenolic isomers against dermal aging: microarray/protein evidence with clinical implications and unique delivery into human skin.

AbstractContext: Equol is a polyphenolic/isoflavonoid molecule that can be expressed as isomers. However, the characteristics of the equol isomers on dermal gene/protein expression and human skin percutaneous absorption remain unknown.Objective: Perform a comprehensive investigation on equol as: R-equol, racemic equol or S-equol to determine their differential expression of skin-related genes, quantify collagen expression and determine percutaneous absorption in human skin.Methods: Quantified: (i) gene expression/mRNA levels via gene array technology using human skin equivalents with equol exposure at 1.2% in qPCR experiments, (ii) in vitro collagen expression in human fibroblasts, and (iii) percutaneous absorption by Franz cell techniques.Results: In the qPCR studies, only three genes displayed the greatest significant expression by S-equol, whereas 16 genes displayed the greatest significant levels (either stimulation or inhibition) by R-equol and/or racemic equol, such as extracellular matrix proteins ...
Lymphovascular space invasion in uterine corpus cancer: What is its prognostic significance in the absence of lymph node metastases?

Abstract Objective Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is a poor prognostic indicator in uterine cancer, primarily due to its association with lymph node metastases. We sought to determine if LVSI provides any prognostic information for uterine cancer subjects in the absence of nodal disease. Methods A retrospective review was performed using a database of women treated for uterine cancer at MUSC from 2005 to 2012. Subjects with negative nodes after complete staging were identified. Multiple regression modeling was used to adjust for demographic and histopathologic covariates. The C-index was calculated for models of survival that included LVSI and those that did not. Competing risks analysis was conducted to examine factors associated with time to recurrence. Results Two hundred and five subjects were completely staged and had negative nodes, 24 with LVSI and 181 without. Factors significantly associated with survival included age, race, stage, grade, histology, and LVSI. Regression models for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) had similar C-indices regardless of whether LVSI was included. Competing risks analysis confirmed no significant difference in time to recurrence for subjects with LVSI compared to those without, after adjusting for other prognostic factors ( P =0.53). Conclusions LVSI is associated with shorter recurrence-free and overall survival in uterine cancer subjects with negative lymph nodes. However, after adjusting for other prognostic factors, LVSI status does not provide additional prognostic information. This finding suggests that recurrence-free and overall survival for uterine cancer patients with negative lymph nodes can be estimated without factoring in LVSI.
Research staff turnover and participant adherence in the Women's Health Initiative

Maintaining participant adherence is a prerequisite for successful completion of randomized controlled trials requiring long-term follow-up. While patient characteristics influencing adherence are well studied, the influence of contact with clinical staff on this process has received almost no attention. To address this issue the authors evaluated the association of turnover in key clinical research staff with measures of participant adherence to protocol requirements at 40 clinical centers participating in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a large multicenter study. Key staff turnover in positions with potential influence on maintaining participant adherence in the Dietary Modification Clinical Trial (DM-CT) and the two Menopausal Hormone Therapy Clinical Trials (HT-CT) of the WHI was determined at each clinical center. Three prospectively established measures of participant adherence for the DM-CT and HT-CT were related to key staff turnover at each clinical center by staff category. More frequent turnover of the clinic practitioner, clinic manager, and principal investigator positions was significantly (p<0.05) associated with lower participant adherence in the HT-CT but was not associated with DM-CT participant adherence. More frequent turnover of the lead nutritionist was not associated with HT-CT participant adherence but was significantly (p<0.05) associated with one measure of decreased DM-CT participant adherence, as would be expected since the lead nutritionist did not typically see the HT-CT participants. These significant and plausible associations suggest that providing consistent contact with key staff in randomized, controlled clinical trials may facilitate long-term participant adherence. Further prospective study exploring process evaluation of the provider side of controlled trial conduct is indicated.
In-memory Computing for Scalable Data Analytics

Current data analytics software stacks are tailored to use large number of commodity machines in clusters, with each machine containing a small amount of memory. Thus, significant effort is made in these stacks to partition the data into small chunks, and process these chunks in parallel. Recent advances in memory technology now promise the availability of machines with the amount of memory increased by two or more orders of magnitude. For example, The Machine [1] currently under development at HP Labs plans to use memristor, a new type of non-volatile random access memory with much larger memory density at access speed comparable to today's dynamic random access memory. Such technologies offer the possibility of a flat memory/storage hierarchy, in-memory data processing and instant persistence of intermediate and final processing results. Photonic fabrics provide large communication bandwidth to move large volume of data between processing units at very low latency. Moreover, the multicore architectures adopt system-on-chip (SoC) designs to achieve significant compute performance with high power-efficiency.
General N=1 supersymmetric flux vacua of massive type IIA string theory.

We derive conditions for the existence of four-dimensional N =1 supersymmetric flux vacua of massive type IIA string theory with general supergravity fluxes turned on. For an SU(3) singlet Killing spinor, we show that such flux vacua exist only when the internal geometry is nearly-Kahler. The geometry is not warped, all the allowed fluxes are proportional to the mass parameter and the dilaton is fixed by a ratio of (quantized) fluxes. The four-dimensional cosmological constant, while negative, becomes small in the vacuum with the weak string coupling. Insights into four-dimensional N = 1 supersymmetric vacua of M- and string theory with non-Abelian gauge sectors and chiral matter are of phenomenological inter- est: they may provide an important link between the M-theory and particle physics, describing the Standard Model and/or Grand Unified models. In particular, in- tersecting D6-brane constructions (1, 2) on Type IIA ori- entifolds provide a intriguing avenue to construct semi- realistic particle physics. (For a recent review see (3) and references therein; for first examples of N =1 supersym- metric quasi-realistic models see (4, 5)) On the other hand more general compactifications of string theory in the presence of supergravity fluxes can lift the continuous moduli space of string vacua, while still preserving some supersymmetries and hence might be an essential input in realistic compactifications of string/M-theory. These fluxes generate a back reaction onto the geometry, which in the simplest case results in a non-trivial warping, but in general the internal space ceases to be Calabi-Yau. Unfortunately, the explicit met- ric and fluxes are known only for very few examples. One of the important phenomenological goals in the constructions of general N=1 supersymmetric vacua is the implementation of (supergravity) flux compactifica- tions, which would yield the moduli stabilization, along with the (probe) D-brane configurations, which would yield the non-Abelian gauge group structure and chi- ral matter in four-dimensions. On one hand, a better understanding of the resulting internal geometry can be achieved by relating the fluxes to specific non-trivial tor- sion components, which can be classified with respect to the structure group of the internal manifold, for a recent review see (6). The Killing spinor has to be a singlet un- der the structure group which for a six-dimensional space is at most SU(3). (However non-zero fluxes often require a reduction of the structure group down to SU(2).) It
Identification of distinct hepatic and pulmonary forms of microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenase in the mouse and rabbit

The flavin-containing monooxygenase has been purified from mouse and rabbit lung microsomes and shown to be distinct from the flavin-containing monooxygenase found in the liver of the same species. The mouse and rabbit lung monooxygenases have a unique ability to N-oxidize the primary aliphatic amine, n-octylamine, commonly included in microsomal incubations to inhibit cytochrome P-450. In the mouse lung, this compound not only serves as a substrate but is also a positive effector of metabolism. The mouse and rabbit lung enzymes have unusual pH optimum, near 9.8, compared to the liver enzymes which have peaks near pH 8.8. Using antibodies raised in goats, Ouchterlony immunodiffusion analysis indicates that the liver and lung proteins are immunochemically dissimilar.
Resistance of Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) to the Tipula iridescent virus at high temperatures.

Abstract At 23° to 25°C, the larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus), which had been inoculated intrahemocoelically with the noninclusion virus of Tipula paludosa Meigen died of infection with the virus. At temperatures above 30°C, the virus-inoculated larvae survived to adults. Inasmuch as the virus was inoculated directly into the hemocoel, the resistance of the larvae at high temperatures was due to the destruction of the virus or the prevention of virus multiplication by immune and nonimmune host reactions, and not to the failure of the virus to penetrate into the hemocoel.
Toward ligand identification within a CCHHC zinc-binding domain from the NZF/MyT1 family.

A family of proteins that contain presumed zinc-binding domains with the consensus sequence Cys−X4−Cys-X4−His-X7−His-X5−Cys has recently been identified, but the metal binding and structural proper...
Transcriptional regulation of the Drosophila melanogaster muscle myosin heavy-chain gene

Abstract We show that a 2.6 kb fragment of the muscle myosin heavy-chain gene (Mhc) of Drosophila melanogaster (containing 458 base pairs of upstream sequence, the first exon, the first intron and the beginning of the second exon) drives expression in all muscles. Comparison of the minimal promoter to Mhc genes of 10 Drosophila species identified putative regulatory elements in the upstream region and in the first intron. The first intron is required for expression in four small cells of the tergal depressor of the trochanter (jump) muscle and in the indirect flight muscle. The 3′-end of this intron is important for Mhc transcription in embryonic body wall muscle and contains AT-rich elements that are protected from DNase I digestion by nuclear proteins of Drosophila embryos. Sequences responsible for expression in embryonic, adult body wall and adult head muscles are present both within and outside the intron. Elements important for expression in leg muscles and in the large cells of the jump muscle flank the intron. We conclude that multiple transcriptional regulatory elements are responsible for Mhc expression in specific sets of Drosophila muscles.
Interdelivery interval and risk of symptomatic uterine rupture.

Abstract Objective: To relate interdelivery interval to risk of uterine rupture during a trial of labor after prior cesarean delivery. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all women who had a trial of labor after cesarean delivery over 12 years (July 1984 to June 1996). Analysis was limited to women with only one prior cesarean delivery and no prior vaginal deliveries who delivered term singletons and whose medical records included the month and year of the prior delivery. The time in months between the prior cesarean delivery and the index trial of labor was calculated, and the women were divided accordingly to permit comparison with respect to symptomatic uterine rupture. Results: Two thousand four hundred nine women had trials of labor after one prior cesarean delivery and had complete data from the medical records. There were 29 uterine ruptures (1.2%) in the population. For interdelivery intervals up to 18 months, the uterine rupture rate was 2.25% (seven of 311) compared with 1.05% (22 of 2098) with intervals of 19 months or longer (P = .07). Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the risk of uterine rupture according to interdelivery interval while controlling for maternal age, public assistance, length of labor, gestational age at least 41 weeks, and oxytocin use. Women with interdelivery intervals of up to 18 months were three times as likely (95% confidence interval, 1.2, 7.2) to have symptomatic uterine rupture. Conclusion: Interdelivery intervals of up to 18 months were associated with increased risk of symptomatic uterine rupture during a trial of labor after cesarean delivery compared with that for longer interdelivery intervals.
Fatigue analysis of composite turbine blades under random ocean current

Design, analysis and lifetime prediction of a horizontal axis ocean current turbine (OCT) composite blade has been investigated. Loading on a turbine blade under the Gulf Stream in South Florida location (26° 4.3N 79° 55W) at 25 meter depth is calculated and evaluated by using AeroDyn. Static analysis is performed by using NuMAD and ANSYS. Accumulated fatigue damage modeling is employed as a damage estimation rule based on the material fatigue property in DOE/MSU Composite Material Fatigue Database. During its service life, OCT blades are subjected to a large number of cyclic loads and random ocean current loads. The blades experience repeating and alternating stresses leading to fatigue loading. These loads are weighted by its rate of occurrence using the histogram measured by the SNMREC.
An exact algorithm for the Knapsack Problem with Setup

In this paper we studies a 0-1 Knapsack Problem with Setup (KPS). One set of 0-1 variables represent a family setup and serve as an Upper Bound (UB) on another set of 0-1 variables representing production of a job in a family. We present a branch-and-bound algorithm to find an optimal solution to KPS. The algorithm uses a two-stage branching strategy and chooses the next candidate problem to explore in a non-traditional way. We verify the efficacy of the algorithm through computational testing. This is the first time that an exact algorithm given to KPS with 10,000 integer variables. Computational experiments show that this algorithm is especially effective when objective and constraint coefficients are uncorrelated.
Short-term memory, alertness and performance: a reappraisal of their relationship to body temperature

Previous studies have led to the beliefs: (1) that short-term memory is best during the night when the body temperature is at its nadir, and (2) that the circadian rhythms of short-term memory and subjective alertness are driven by oscillators independent from each other and from the body temperature cycle. Unfortunately, these conclusions, which would have major implications for understanding the organization of the human circadian timing system, are largely based on field and laboratory studies, which in many cases sampled data infrequently and/or limited data collection to normal waking hours. In order to investigate these points further, we have monitored behavioural variables in two different protocols under controlled laboratory conditions: (1) during a period of 36-60 h of sustained wakefulness; and (2) during forced desynchrony between the body temperature and sleep/wake cycles, allowing testing of non-sleep-deprived subjects at all circadian phases. Contrary to earlier findings, we report here that the circadian rhythm of short-term memory varies in parallel with the circadian rhythms of subjective alertness, calculation performance, and core body temperature under both these experimental conditions. These results challenge the notion that short-term memory is inversely linked to the body temperature cycle and suggest that the human circadian pacemaker, which drives the body temperature cycle, is the primary determinant of endogenous circadian variations in subjective alertness and calculation performance as well as in the immediate recall of meaningful material.
Imatinib mesylate suppresses cytokine synthesis by activated CD4 T cells of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia

Imatinib mesylate suppresses cytokine synthesis by activated CD4 T cells of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia
Constrained Kalman filtering and its application to tracking of ground moving targets

Localization and tracking of the ground moving target (GMT) are investigated based on measurements of TDOA (time-difference of arrival) and AOA (angle of arrival) in which the measurement noises are assumed to be uncorrelated and Gaussian distributed. An approximate MMSE algorithm is proposed via developing constrained Kalman filtering based on the pseudo-measurement model in the existing literature that leads to a nonlinear constraint imposed on the state vector for the GMT model. Randomization of the state vector suggests to replace the hard constraint by its expectation. We first derive a solution to a similar constrained MMSE problem that is used to extend the Kalman filtering to develop a linear recursive MMSE estimator subject to the nonlinear constraint as mentioned earlier which is termed as constrained Kalman filtering.
Heat transfer from electron tubes at high altitudes and high ambient temperatures

THIS paper contains the results of a series of temperature tests conducted on a 6AQ5 beam power tetrode at full rating at simulated altitudes and ambient temperatures. The effects of altitude, shielding, tube position, and ambient temperature on temperature rise of the hottest spot of the glass envelope are shown. A few measurements were made of the effect of surrounding a single tube by a cluster of other tubes of the same type and rating. The tube was not delivering any output.
Analytical estimation of achievable accuracy and optimal sensor placement strategy for multisensor tracking systems

This paper provides upper and lower bounds on the tracking accuracy achievable through a distributed network of sensors providing non-linear measurements of a moving target to an extended Kalman filter. Those bounds follow from analytical relations derived for the discrete Kalman filter covariance for a fixed target. The estimation of achievable accuracy leads to an observability and performance analysis function of the sensor locations. The relationship developed are applied to the case of a distributed network of 2D search sensors measuring range and azimuth to a target.
Psychosocial Research on the Course of Bipolar Disorder: Appreciating Its Past and Encouraging Its Future

Miklowitz and Johnson (2009) review the accumulating accomplishments of studies of psychosocial contributors to and treatments of bipolar disorder. Much of the initial work was influenced by paradigms that addressed predictors and treatments of unipolar depression. That personality, stress, and family factors also play an important role in the course and outcomes of bipolar disorders has now been well established, but because depression appears to be especially debilitating and difficult to manage in bipolar disorder, further challenges remain to understand and treat it. At the same time the predictors of mania, and switching/cycling mechanisms, require further conceptualization and study, with a fruitful emphasis on the behavioral activation/reward dependence systems emerging in recent research. Cutting across all manifestations of the bipolar disorder is the need for additional study of mechanisms by which stressful experiences (acute, chronic, early adversity, and the family context) have adverse effects on mood regulation and the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Future growth in our understanding of bipolar disorder and its treatment will increasingly require integrative, multivariate, and longitudinal research. Clinical psychology has much to contribute to the conceptualization, methodology, and design of the new generation of research on the psychosocial aspects of bipolar disorder's course and treatment.
Influence of hydrogen coverage on the hydrogenation mechanism of acrylonitrile

INFLUENCE OF HYDROGEN COVERAGE ON THE HYDROGENATION MECHANISM OF ACRYLONITRILE Thomas C. Franklin and Masahiko Naito Chemistry Department, Baylor University, Waco, Texas. (Received in USA 5 August 1968; received in UK for publication 11 October 1968) The electrolytic hydrodimerization of acrylonitrile has been the subject of several recent investigations (1 4). The side reactions usually produce either the saturated nitrile or amine. The dimerixation is expected to involve an electron transfer process while the side reactions probably involve direct addition of hydrogen atoms to the molecule. It is generally stated that acrylonitrile is hydrogenated catalytically on the surface of metals of relatively low hydrogen wervoltage such as platinum, palladium and nickel, but is hydrogenated electrochemically on the surface of metals of high hydrogen overvoltage such as mercury. Recently (5) a. technique was described for distinguishing between reduction by an electron transfer mechanism and reduction by hydrogen addition on metals with relatively low hydrogen overvoltages. This technique consisted of relating the potential of the hydrogen electrode to the fraction of the surface covered with hydrogen. It was shown that if the compound is reduced by catalytic addition of atomic hydrogen the potential of the electrode is given by the following expression at 25'C, 0 E-E .059 log 0 1-8, (I)
Synaptic correlates of associative potentiation/depression: an ultrastructural study in the hippocampus.

Abstract Brief high-frequency trains delivered to the monosynaptic entorhinal cortical input to the dentate gyrus result in both increases and decreases of synaptic strength as a function of whether a particular afferent is active during conditioning (associative potentiation/depression15, 30). The present report concerns the effect such brief, high-frequency conditioning trains upon the asymmetric synapses of the rat dentate gyrus molecular layer. Only those animals whose responses increased at least 50% following conditioning stimulation were included in the study. Additional animals were used for one-dimensional current source density analyses to localize the activated synaptic region. Double blind scoring procedures were used to classify and quantify electron micrographic data. Asymmetric synapses were scored as a function of their position in the molecular layer, spine head size and shape, and postsynaptic density length. All data were treated as inherently matched comparisons between the conditioned and control sides of each animal. The number of large, concave spine synapses with large postsynaptic densities significantly increases in the central zone of synaptic activation. Bordering this zone are regions with increases in synaptic number following conditioning, primarily due to an increased number of small spine synapses. The increased number of large, concave spine synapses in the central zone is postulated to mediate associative potentiation. The many small spine heads just adjacent to the zone of strongest synaptic activation may reflect synaptic depression evoked at synapses inactive during conditioning.
Effects of estrogens on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase mediated binding of benzo(a) pyrene metabolites to DNA in vitro

Abstract In vivo and in vitro studies were carried out to determine the effects of estradiol and other steroid hormones on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase-mediated binding of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites to DNA. Injection of female C57 B1 6J mice with 0.2 mg or 2 mg of estradiol 24 hours prior to, during and 24 hours after injection of 3-methylcholanthrene resulted in a significant decrease in the capacity of hepatic microsomes from these animals to mediate the binding of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites to DNA when compared to microsomes from animals receiving 3 methylcholanthrene treatment only. Binding of benzo(a) pyrene metabolites was inhibited between 22 and 50%, depending on the dose of estradiol used. The enzyme and cytochrome components of the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase multienzymic complex were not affected by either estradiol treatment. The data suggests that estradiol inhibits aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase mediated binding of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites to DNA by activity as a non-competitive inhibitor of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity.
Steady-State and Transient Synthesis of 3-Phase Reluctance Motors (Synchronous Motors Without Field Excitation)

In this paper the 2-reaction theory of synchronous machine analysis has been extended to obtain a synthesis procedure for 3-phase reluctance motors. Experiments were made on a motor with a rotor especially designed and constructed to conform with the assumptions of the generalized 2-reaction theory. Results of a differential analyzer investigation formed the basis for a method for simultaneous steady-state and optimum transient synthesis. In the synthesis procedure presented, the assumption is made that the desirable pullout torque, load torque to be pulled into synchronism, load inertia, supply voltage, supply frequency, and desired motor speed are specified. Certain stator laminations are assumed to be available. The maximum flux density in the stator teeth and the maximum current density in the stator conductors also are specified. The synthesis procedure then aims at obtaining the optimum design using the available stator laminations.
Identification of Correct and Misarticulated Semivowels

This study examined the identification of correctly produced and misarticulated /w, r, l, j/ in several subject groups: 4 normal children who produced correct /w, r, l, j/, 4 normal children with d...
Vaccine-related paralytic poliomyelitis in an immunodeficient child.

Fatal paralytic poliomyelitis developed 4 months after administration of trivalent oral poliomyelitis virus vaccine to a 7-year-old child. The strain of virus isolated from stool possessed the characteristics of vaccine-derived type 2 poliovirus. No other enteroviruses were detected. Histologic studies of the central nervous system showed the characteristic gross and microscopic changes of poliomyelitis. Although no history of recurrent infection or adverse reactions to previously administered live viral vaccines was obtained, an antibody and cellular immune deficiency syndrome was demonstrated.
Bcl-2 and bax expression in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: lack of correlation with chemotherapy response or survival in patients treated with docetaxel plus vinorelbine.

Surgical series of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathologic samples have shown that the expression of the proteins bcl-2 and bax, which regulate cell death, may have prognostic implications. Laboratory data also suggests that these proteins may impact chemotherapy response. In order to determine the rate of bcl-2 and bax expression in advanced NSCLC and assess the impact on chemotherapy response and patient survival, we performed immunohistochemistry on biopsy samples from patients enrolled in a phase I/II trial of vinorelbine plus docetaxel. We chose to study the pathology of patients in this specific trial because both docetaxel and vinorelbine phosphorylate bcl-2 and we hypothesized that this mechanism may affect clinical outcome. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of this analysis, and to observe any differences in response rate or survival based on bcl-2 or bax staining results. Unstained slides from paraffin blocks were obtained for 31 patients (55%) on the phase I/II trial. The patient characteristics for this subgroup did not differ significantly from the entire cohort of patients on the trials. Bcl-2 staining was positive in 5/31 samples (16%, 95% CI 3-29%) and bax was positive in 19/28 samples (68%, 95% CI 51-85%). Bcl-2 and bax staining did not correlate with response (p = 0.65 and 1.00 respectively, Fisher's exact test), or survival (by Kaplan-Meier curves). In conclusion, bcl-2 and bax expression was similar in this population with advanced NSCLC to previously reported results for early stage disease, but did not predict response to vinorelbine plus docetaxel in this series.