cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating production history into reservoir models using streamline-based time-of-flight ranking

The reservoir models generated by geostatistical techniques, but unconstrained to production history, provide equally probable reservoir descriptions that honour observed geology. However, flow simulation results on these models may vary widely where there is geological uncertainty. Constraining geostatistical models to known production history reduces this uncertainty. To this end, a streamline-based algorithm is proposed for ranking geostatistical realizations with regard to production history. First, a rapid, streamline-based inversion method is applied to obtain a history-matched reservoir model. Then the streamline geometries and properties, such as the time-of-flight, are computed without full flow simulation for the history-matched model and the geostatistical models examined. Each model is compared to the history-matched model with regard to streamline properties. In this way, reservoir models that match production history and honour known geological information are obtained. Synthetic examples using up to 600 distinct reservoir models demonstrate computational efficiency and also show that the method readily selects the most appropriate permeability fields. Flow simulations confirm that the selected permeability fields are satisfactory. The technique also appears to be appropriate for downscaling history-matched reservoir models from coarse to fine grids.
Autonomous indoor helicopter flight using a single onboard camera

We consider the problem of autonomously flying a helicopter in indoor environments. Navigation in indoor settings poses two major challenges. First, real-time perception and response is crucial because of the high presence of obstacles. Second, the limited free space in such a setting places severe restrictions on the size of the aerial vehicle, resulting in a frugal payload budget. We autonomously fly a miniature RC helicopter in small known environments using an on-board light-weight camera as the only sensor. We use an algorithm that combines data-driven image classification with optical flow techniques on the images captured by the camera to achieve real-time 3D localization and navigation. We perform successful autonomous test flights along trajectories in two different indoor settings. Our results demonstrate that our method is capable of autonomous flight even in narrow indoor spaces with sharp corners.
Vitamin D Deficiency in a Healthy Group of Mothers and Newborn Infants

Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured in 40 healthy, mostly Black, mother-infant pairs. Although a majority of mothers received a daily prenatal multivitamin, vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L), was found in 50% of mothers and 65% of their newborn infants, with a positive correlation between maternal and infant plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Maternal vitamin D deficiency may represent an important risk factor for the development of rickets in children.
Control of Tall Buildings Under Earthquake Excitation

A method of analysis for tall buildings implemented by active control systems and excited by earthquake ground motions is proposed. The effectiveness of the active mass damper and the active tendon system is investigated. Demonstrations show that both control systems can be used to substantially reduce the response of tall buildings under strong earthquake excitations, if the control parameters are designed appropriately. The control law suggested herein is referred to as the semi-active control in the sense that on-line computations to regulate active control forces are not needed. Thus, the control systems investigated are more reliable, although the control law is not optimal. Numerical examples for two tall buildings are worked out to demonstrate the feasibility of active control systems.
Nomograms Relating Aldosterone Excretion to Urinary Sodium and Potassium in the Pediatric Population: Their Application to the Study of Childhood Hypertension

The lability and diurnal variation of blood pressure in normal and hypertensive children were examined and found to be less than that described in adults. Nomograms were prepared relating urinary sodium and potassium to urinary aldosterone in children ranging in age from infancy to 22 years. These nomograms reveal that the relation of aldosterone excretion to sodium excretion is described by a hyperbolic function. Most values for normal children, children with mild essential hypertension and children with severe essential hypertension fell between two hyperbolic curves representing the 5th and 95th percentile, respectively. Hypertensive children with low and high plasma renin activity were found to have an inappropriately high level of urinary aldosterone excretion in relation to urinary sodium excretion. No relation was found between potassium and aldosterone excretion. By means of these nomograms the normal standards for aldosterone excretion in children were refined, permitting classification of hypertensive children into distinct groups. This classification may have prognostic significance.
Recovery of cellular functions following oxidant injury

This study investigated the recovery of renal proximal tubule cellular (RPTC) functions following oxidant-induced sublethal injury.tert-Butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) treatment resulted in 24% cell deat...
Emerging Roles for SUMO in mRNA Processing and Metabolism

SUMO has gained prominence as a regulator in a number of cellular processes; however, its possible roles in RNA metabolism have largely remained a black box. In this chapter we have assembled data from proteomic analyses, localization studies and key functional studies to extend SUMO’s role to the area of mRNA processing and metabolism. Proteomic analyses have identified multiple putative sumoylation targets in complexes functioning in almost all aspects of mRNA metabolism, including capping, splicing and polyadenylation of mRNA precursors. Possible regulatory roles for SUMO have emerged in pre-mRNA 3´ processing, where SUMO influences the functions of polyadenylation factors and activity of the entire complex. SUMO is also involved in regulating RNA editing and RNA binding by hnRNP proteins, and recent reports have suggested the involvement of the SUMO pathway in mRNA export. Together, these reports suggest the possibility of SUMO being involved in the regulation of many aspects of mRNA metabolism and hold the promise for exciting future studies.
The Unitary Executive

Nearly every American President has claimed powers broader than those explicitly laid out in Article II of the Constitution. An early example is Thomas Jefferson's assertion of power to void 25 of 42 late judicial appointments by his predecessor. Other notable examples include President Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus, Franklin Roosevelt's internment of Americans of Japanese ancestry, Truman's seizure of the nation's steel mills, Nixon's wiretappings, press injunctions, and assertions of executive privilege; all were without congressional authority. American constitutional history is rich with seminal cases involving these assertions of presidential power. Case names are sufficient to describe the resulting doctrines: Marbury v. Madison, Ex Parte Milligan, Korematsu v. United States, Youngstown v. Sawyer, New York Times v. United States, United States v. Nixon. In nearly every instance resulting in a judicial challenge, the federal courts have rebuked the claim. Even the decision in Korematsu upholding the challenged internment orders was eventually repudiated by all three branches of the government. While the struggle over executive power goes back to the founding, it has gained urgency and potency during the administration of George W. Bush. President Bush has argued for a "unitary executive," in which all executive and administrative powers of the national government are focused in the President. Any effort, the theory goes, to limit executive power is unconstitutional, whether that occurs by imposing congressional or judicial oversight on executive actions or by creating so-called "independent agencies" with some degree of autonomy from Presidential control. Before delving into President Bush's theory of executive power, however, it is instructive to review some basic separation of powers principles to better understand the breadth of his claims, as well as those of some of his recent predecessors in office.
This Rough Magic: Perspectives of Art and Morality in The Tempest

Is the knowing all? To know, and even happily, that we meet unblessed; not in some garden of wax fruit and painted trees, that lie of Eden, but after, after the Fall, after many, many deaths. Is the knowing all? And the wish to kill is never killed, but with some gift of courage one may look into its face when it appears, and with a stroke of love-as to an idiot in the house-forgive it; again and again-. . . forever? Arthur Miller, After the Fall
Regularity,Phonological Awareness and Semantic Influence on Chinese Dyslexics' Reading Performance

By using oral data on sets of words that varied in regularity,this study addresses the impact of the regularity,phonological awareness and semantic information on reading aloud in Chinese surface developmental dyslexia.Results show great effect of regularity on dyslexia.The correlation between phonological awareness,semantic impairment and word reading accuracy is significant.Error analysis suggests that surface dyslexics are more influenced by grapheme-phoneme relationships.The close correlations between semantic,phonological awareness and reading imply a cooperative contribution to reading performance.
Where is Theoretical Interpretative Power from:Rethinking the Study of Economic Law

The scientific and practical nature of the science of economic law,and the academic status thereof are fundamentally decided by the theoretical interpretation power.However,the interpretative power of economic law theories has been impaired by the following four factors: confusing study paradigm,indistinct theoretical framework,void approach and instrument in the establishment of theoretical system,and the separation of approach and technique in the current state of research.Thereafter,the essay raised an essential approach to improve the interpretative power of study on economic law in China,i.e.on the basis of distilling the merits of various study paradigm,a diversified but unified theory is to be built upon the reorganization and optimization of various study paradigms and branches.Following the path,the economic law as a subject should further clarifies its theoretical framework.Only by introducing the scientific methodology into the study,combining the scientific principle and humanism,and absorbing the analytical approach and instrument in the theory of rational choice,can economic law reach the reunification of theory and technique.
Interventions for aged family members.

Hospitalization for a critical injury can disrupt even the most highly organized and functional family. Family-focused care may mitigate family stress by providing support based on the unique needs of each family. Family members often suffer as much pain as the patient, and they also deserve special attention and consideration. Professionals who are interested in the welfare and functioning of the family must ensure that the family members of the patient receive adequate and appropriate care, no matter what their age. This article illustrates these issues using a case-study approach.
Dietary habits, physical activity and body size among Chinese in North America and China.

We examined the self-reported dietary nutrient intakes, physical activity patterns and body mass index (BMI) of 2488 healthy Chinese men and women residing in North America (and Canada) and in the People's Republic of China. On average, Chinese in China consumed more total energy (males 3024 kcal in China, vs 2122 kcal in North America; females 2351 kcal in China. vs 1745 kcal in North America) and carbohydrate but less fat (males 74.s g in China vs 82.0 g in North America, females 56.0 g in China vs 68.8 g in North America), protein, vitamin A, b -carotene and vitamin C than did Chinese in North America. Dietary fat provided 35% of total dietary energy for Chinese in North America and 22% for Chinese in China. Consumption of alcohol, particularly wine and hard liquor, was higher among Chinese in China than Chinese in North America. Chinese in China reported more kilocalories of energy expenditure per day, especially in vigorous activity and walking, than Chinese in North America. Chinese in China weighed less and were leaner than North American Chinese. These differences in nutrient intakes, physical activity and body size of Chinese living in two different continents suggest possible explanations for observed differences in chronic disease rates in the two populations.
Identification of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease following Pancreatic Surgery in a Western Cohort Using a Novel Radiographic Technique.

Background and Aims: While traditional risk factors for the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) relate to metabolic syndrome, several Asian studies have suggested a high rate of de novo NAFLD following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The aim of this study is to identify de novo NAFLD after pancreatic surgery and its associated risk factors. Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients at a single center that underwent PD or distal pancreatectomy (DP) over 7 years was identified. Pre- and postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans of the abdomen were reviewed, including attenuation measurements of the liver, spleen, and muscle. Primary outcomes included hepatic attenuation, liver to muscle ratio (LMR), and liver to spleen ratio (LSR). Results: Of the 96 patients (mean age 64.3) included, 70% underwent PD, and 30% underwent DP. The mean LMR decreased significantly from 1.81 to 1.66 (p=0.02), noted only in men. No interaction effect with LMR was observed with surgical type, chemotherapy, blood loss, pancreatic enzyme replacement, or transaminases. LMR decreased in 55% of subjects. Conclusions: Increased fatty infiltration, as evidence by decreased LMR, was found among men that underwent PD and DP within a year of surgery. This may be related to weight loss and malabsorption and deserves further investigation.
Kosovo: Allied Force and the Noble Anvil

One of the last and most dramatic acts in the saga of Yugoslavia’s disintegration took place in Kosovo at the end of the 1990s. By that time, the historical and cultural significance of Kosovo for Serbs (stemming from the highly mythologized Battle of Kosovo in 1389) was clearly at odds with the province’s ethnic composition; as of 1991, the population was 90 per cent ethnic Albanian (Judah, 2000). In many ways Kosovo was both a microcosm and exemplar of the tense dynamics permeating political life during the latter days of the Yugoslav federation. Whereas the 1974 constitutional reform extending ‘autonomous province’ status to Kosovo mollified the aspirations of some of the Albanian majority, still others sought full republican status or even secession and incorporation into a greater-Albanian federation (MccGwire, 2000). Such tensions played out against the backdrop of economic collapse and mounting ethno-nationalist sentiment across Yugoslavia’s major ethnic groups, including the Serb population, in the 1980s (Ramet, 2002).
Feature Selection for Improved Face Recognition in Multisensor Images

This chapter discusses the problems faced by present day face recognition systems in the presence of extreme variations. Even though face recognition technology [215] has progressed from linear subspace methods [216] such as eigenfaces and fisher faces [217–219] to nonlinear methods such as KPCA, KFD [220–223], many of the problems are yet to be addressed completely. In addition to challenges such as expression and pose variations, partial occlusions, the face recognition techniques face a major bottle neck in the form of illumination variation. The chapter addresses the problems of expression variations and partial occlusions by presenting a novel feature selection strategy. The illumination variations are tackled by considering images from multiple sensors.
Ajit Singh (1940–2015)

This chapter reviews the research contributions of Ajit Singh, late Professor Emeritus at the University of Cambridge. Its span includes the economics of take-overs, the growth and size of firms, economic development strategies, the financing of enterprise in less-developed nations, national industrial policy, the de-industrialization experienced by more highly developed nations, how international trade affects workers’ prosperity in a world of product differentiation, oligopolistic rivalry, and sticky prices, and finally, the consequences of the economic rise of China and India. In short, Singh’s work has advanced understanding of central issues in modern capitalism.
ESD performance enhancement methodologies for CMOS power transistors

Key challenges in providing ESD protection for High Voltage CMOS technology is presented in this paper. Based on that, various methodologies to make the high voltage power transistor ESD self-protecting without changing the device IV characteristics and dimension, for different HV technologies is outlined.
Growth of Pd Nanoclusters on Single-Layer Graphene on Cu(111).

We report scanning tunneling microscopy results on the nucleation and growth of Pd nanoclusters on a single layer of graphene on the Cu(111) surface. The shape, organization, and structural evolution of the Pd nanoclusters were investigated using two different growth methods, continuous and stepwise. The size and shape of the formed nanoclusters were found to greatly depend on the growth technique used. The size and density of spherical Pd nanoclusters increased with increasing coverage during stepwise deposition as a result of coarsening of existing clusters and continued nucleation of new clusters. In contrast, continuous deposition gave rise to well-defined triangular Pd clusters as a result of anisotropic growth on the graphene surface. Exposure to ethylene caused a decrease in the size of the Pd clusters. This is attributed to the exothermic formation of ethylidyne on the cluster surfaces and an accompanying weakening of the Pd–Pd bonding.
Discrimination of Brief Temporal Durations

The ability of brain-damaged and hospitalized control Ss to discriminate brief temporal durations was investigated. Durations of .250, .300, and .350 sec. were employed, with .300 sec. as the standard stimulus. Each trial consisted of the presentation of the standard stimulus paired with either a .250 or .350 sec. comparison stimulus. The performances of brain-damaged and control Ss were compared as a function of stimulus modality and intra-pair interval. The stimuli were presented either auditorily or visually; the intra-pair interval was either 3 sec. or 12 sec. Each S performed under all four combinations of modality and intra-pair interval.
Development and Characterization of Methylene Blue Oleate Salt-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles and their Potential Application as a Treatment for Glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive, grade IV brain tumor that develops from astrocytes located within the cerebrum, resulting in poor prognosis and survival rates following an accepted treatment regimen of surgery, radiation, and temozolomide. Thus, development of new therapeutics is necessary. During the last two decades, methylene blue (MB) has received increased attention as a potential neurotherapeutic due to its duality in brain cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. While MB is capable of easily permeating the blood-brain barrier, its therapeutic concentrations in GBM are known to induce off-target cytotoxicity and thus, another mode of drug delivery must be considered. To this end, encapsulation of formerly unusable compounds into nanoparticles (NPs) made from the biodegradable/biocompatible, FDA approved co-polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) has been more commonplace when developing novel therapeutics. In this study, we formulated and characterized Pluronic F68-coated PLGA NPs containing a sodium oleate conjugate of MB (MBOS) via solvent displacement. Conjugation of sodium oleate to MB was shown to reduce its release from PLGA NPs compared to unmodified MB, leading to potential improvements in drug accumulation and therapeutic effectiveness. Our drug-loaded NP preparations, which were ~170 nm in size and had drug loading values of ~2%, were shown to reduce cell viability and cell compartment-specific, as well as overall cell, functions equivalently, if not more so, when compared to free drug in two GBM cell lines. Following bio-distribution analysis of free MBOS compared to its nano-encapsulated counterpart, drug-loaded NPs were shown to more effectively permeate the BBB, which could lead to improvements in therapeutic effectiveness upon further examination in a tumor-bearing mouse model. Based on these results, we believe that the further development and eventual utilization of this nanoformulation could lead to an effective GBM therapy that could extend patient survival rates.
Mixed-Model Assembly Lines and Their Effect on Worker Posture and Recovery Time:

Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the relationship between cycle-to-cycle task variations in mixed-model assembly lines and workers’ exposure to poor posture and insufficient recovery time ...
Existing knowledge of linguistic structure mitigates associative memory deficits in older adults.

Background/Study Context: Older adults show lower memory performance than younger adults when a task requires them to create associations (Naveh-Benjamin, 2000, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 1170-1187). In this study, associative memory was examined in order to assess whether age differences in performance were mitigated when the word pairs to be learned utilized a familiar pattern seen in everyday language (adjective-noun), which we propose as a type of schematic support that capitalizes upon linguistic structure. Methods Thirty older (66-87 years old) and younger (18-22 years old) adults from the University of Missouri and the surrounding community studied word pairs in noun-noun, adjective-noun, and noun-adjective sequences. A mixed-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze differences in memory sensitivity (d') and response bias (C) from separate item and associative recognition memory tests between age groups and between word pair sequences. Results As expected, older participants did show lower associative memory for noun-noun and noun-adjective pairs than younger adults, a hallmark of an age-related associative binding deficit, but there were no age differences in associative memory for adjective-noun pairs. The latter supports our hypothesis that seeing word pairs in a familiar adjective-noun linguistic sequence can provide support in older adults' associative processing to mitigate difficulties experienced when binding together word pairs. Conclusion The results obtained show that older adults can use prior existing knowledge to attenuate their cognitive shortcomings, specifically linguistic structural knowledge, to mitigate their associative binding deficit. Further research is necessary to determine the exact mechanism of improvement mediated by this form of schematic support, namely, whether it results in more effective recruitment of strategic processes such as unitization.
Sex-specific differences in insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes: The CACTI cohort.

Abstract Objective To test the hypothesis that multitissue deficits in insulin sensitivity are greater among women than men with type 1 diabetes compared to respective controls. Research design and methods Three-stage hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (4, 8, 40 mU/m 2 /min) were performed on 41 people with type 1 diabetes and 47 adults without diabetes (mean ± SD age 46 ± 8). Infusions of [1- 13 C]palmitate, [1,1,2,3,3- 2 H 2 ]glycerol, and [6,6- 2 H 2 ]glucose isotope tracers were used to determine free fatty acid (FFA), glycerol, and glucose kinetics in 52 of these participants (25 M and 27 W). Results There was no difference in age or BMI by type 1 diabetes status in either sex. Free fatty acid rate of appearance (FFA Ra) was higher in both sexes with type 1 diabetes compared to those without diabetes during stages 1 and 2. The same was seen with glycerol for stages 1 and 2. During stage 3 glucose rate of disappearance (Rd) was lower in those with type 1 diabetes among both sexes. All had sex by type 1 diabetes interactions with greater deficits in insulin sensitivity in women. While there was no sex by diabetes interaction in regards to glucose rate of appearance (Ra), those with type 1 diabetes had a higher glucose Ra than those without diabetes. Conclusions We found that type 1 diabetes affected adipose and skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity to a greater extent in women than in men, perhaps contributing to the greater relative increase in cardiovascular risk in women with type 1 diabetes.
Is There a Gendered Path to Tenure? A Multi-State Approach to Examine the Academic Trajectories of U.S. Doctoral Recipients in the Sciences

With a focus on possible gender differences, this study used 2003–2013 data from the Survey of Doctorate Recipients to examine individual, institutional, and early employment factors that contribute to career paths of recent doctorates who enter postsecondary academic appointments. Findings showed some noteworthy differences by gender including lower salary and longer time to degree for women, but overall results indicated no strong, comprehensive evidence of a gendered path to tenure during the first decade after degree completion. Scholarly publications and activities such as research and a postdoctoral appointment in early years following degree completion were the most important contributors for both men and women. Implications for policy and planning are discussed.
The effects of variations in parameters and algorithm choices on calculated radiomics feature values: Initial investigations and comparisons to feature variability across CT image acquisition conditions

Translation of radiomics into clinical practice requires confidence in its interpretations. This may be obtained via understanding and overcoming the limitations in current radiomic approaches. Currently there is a lack of standardization in radiomic feature extraction. In this study we examined a few factors that are potential sources of inconsistency in characterizing lung nodules, such as 1)different choices of parameters and algorithms in feature calculation, 2)two CT image dose levels, 3)different CT reconstruction algorithms (WFBP, denoised WFBP, and Iterative). We investigated the effect of variation of these factors on entropy textural feature of lung nodules. CT images of 19 lung nodules identified from our lung cancer screening program were identified by a CAD tool and contours provided. The radiomics features were extracted by calculating 36 GLCM based and 4 histogram based entropy features in addition to 2 intensity based features. A robustness index was calculated across different image acquisition parameters to illustrate the reproducibility of features. Most GLCM based and all histogram based entropy features were robust across two CT image dose levels. Denoising of images slightly improved robustness of some entropy features at WFBP. Iterative reconstruction resulted in improvement of robustness in a fewer times and caused more variation in entropy feature values and their robustness. Within different choices of parameters and algorithms texture features showed a wide range of variation, as much as 75% for individual nodules. Results indicate the need for harmonization of feature calculations and identification of optimum parameters and algorithms in a radiomics study.
Platforms for Non-speakers Annotating Names in Any Language

We demonstrate two annotation platforms that allow an English speaker to annotate names for any language without knowing the language. These platforms provided high-quality ’‘silver standard” annotations for low-resource language name taggers (Zhang et al., 2017) that achieved state-of-the-art performance on two surprise languages (Oromo and Tigrinya) at LoreHLT20171 and ten languages at TAC-KBP EDL2017 (Ji et al., 2017). We discuss strengths and limitations and compare other methods of creating silver- and gold-standard annotations using native speakers. We will make our tools publicly available for research use.
Maintaining T cell tolerance of alloantigens: Lessons from animal studies

Achieving host immune tolerance of allogeneic transplants represents the ultimate challenge in clinical transplantation. It has become clear that different cells and mechanisms participate in acquisition versus maintenance of allograft tolerance. Indeed, manipulations which prevent tolerance induction often fail to abrogate tolerance once it has been established. Hence, elucidation of the immunological mechanisms underlying maintenance of T cell tolerance to alloantigens is essential for the development of novel interventions that preserve a robust and long lasting state of allograft tolerance that relies on T cell deletion in addition to intra-graft suppression of inflammatory immune responses. In this review, we discuss some essential elements of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of naturally occurring or experimentally induced allograft tolerance, including the newly described role of antigen cross-dressing mediated by extracellular vesicles.
Will Robin Ever Help “Nonna Lea” Using Artificial Intelligence?

A new generation of Intelligent Robots are entering our working and living environments, taking care of human-level tasks. Such robotic systems are becoming more and more important also in healthcare assistance for elderly. Indeed, recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics are fostering the diffusion of robotic agents with the capabilities needed to support both older adults and their caregivers in a variety of situations (e.g., in their homes, in hospitals, etc.). The capability of representing and reasoning about diverse kind of knowledge is crucial for allowing robotic assistants to understand the needs of the older persons as well as the status of the working environment. This paper presents a recent research initiative which aims at endowing autonomous robots with the capabilities needed to represent and reason on sensor data and to autonomously make decisions according to the inferred knowledge. The complete approach ends out being a cognitive control architecture, called Knowledge-based cOntinuous Loop (KOaLa) whose main aspect are described in this paper. The application of KOaLa to our Robin telepresence robot is also exemplified to enhance the services of older people assistance.
Inflammasomes and Autoinflammation

Inflammasomes are large intracellular multi-protein polymeric complexes comprised of sensors, adaptor proteins and caspases. As innate immune sensors capable of recognizing and rapidly responding to pathogen and metabolic danger signals, inflammasomes act as key modulators of initial immune responses. This chapter focuses on the known inflammasome complexes, how they assemble into a molecular platform for caspase-1 activation and ultimately lead to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the context of the innate immune response. A brief discussion of the role for the inflammasomes in disease is included.
Additional considerations related to the elusive boundaries of EBV-associated T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders

We appreciate the comments made by Chen and Guan and entirely agree that the diagnoses of the entities in the spectrum of EBV+ T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) is a difficult one even for experts. They propose using the terminology of systemic acute Epstein-Barr virus infection (SAEBV)
Rewriting the Narrative of Bisexual People of Color and Indigenous People: Introduction to the Special Issue

We are excited to introduce you to our special issue on bisexual people of Color and Indigenous people (POCI) and believe the work in our special issue meaningfully enhances our understanding of bi...
A representation of exchangeable hierarchies by sampling from random real trees

A hierarchy on a set S, also called a total partition of S, is a collection $$\mathcal {H}$$ of subsets of S such that $$S \in \mathcal {H}$$ , each singleton subset of S belongs to $$\mathcal {H}$$ , and if $$A, B \in \mathcal {H}$$ then $$A \cap B$$ equals either A or B or $$\varnothing $$ . Every exchangeable random hierarchy of positive integers has the same distribution as a random hierarchy $$\mathcal {H}$$ associated as follows with a random real tree $$\mathcal {T}$$ equipped with root element 0 and a random probability distribution p on the Borel subsets of $$\mathcal {T}$$ : given $$(\mathcal {T},p)$$ , let $$t_1,t_2, \ldots $$ be independent and identically distributed according to p, and let $$\mathcal {H}$$ comprise all singleton subsets of $${\mathbb {N}}$$ , and every subset of the form $$\{j:t_j \in F(x)\}$$ as x ranges over $$\mathcal {T}$$ , where F(x) is the fringe subtree of $$\mathcal {T}$$ rooted at x. There is also the alternative characterization: every exchangeable random hierarchy of positive integers has the same distribution as a random hierarchy $$\mathcal {H}$$ derived as follows from a random hierarchy $${\mathscr {H}}$$ on [0, 1] and a family $$(U_j)$$ of i.i.d. Uniform [0,1] random variables independent of $${\mathscr {H}}$$ : let $$\mathcal {H}$$ comprise all sets of the form $$\{j:U_j \in B\}$$ as B ranges over the members of $${\mathscr {H}}$$ .
Professing clinical medicine in an evolving health care network.

For at least the past several decades, medicine has been embroiled in a crisis concerning the nature of its professionalism. The fundamental questions that drive this ongoing crisis are primarily three. First, what is the nature of medical professionalism? Second, who are medical professionals? Third, what does medicine or these professionals profess or promise? In this paper, the professionalism crisis vis-a-vis these questions is examined and analyzed chiefly in terms of both Francis Peabody’s and Edmund Pellegrino’s writings. Based on their writings, I introduce a conceptual framework for professionalism to address the crisis. In addition, I contend that to address the professionalism crisis adequately, medicine’s position within an evolving health care network must also be considered. To that end, I first discuss the genesis of the crisis in terms of the Flexner Report and especially Peabody’s response to it. Next, I explore how the crisis intensified during the twentieth century, particularly in terms of medicine’s ultimate scientification and eventual commercialization, and how Pellegrino reacted to this. I then propose a health care professionalism cycle and a care-competence cycle to provide a conceptual framework for addressing the crisis. I conclude that medicine’s position is no longer as the center of health care but rather as another node within a wider evolving health care network. And the resolution of medicine’s professionalism crisis depends on medicine’s positioning and defining itself in terms of the professionalism for each of the other professions within the health care network.
Association of telomere length with clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal carcinoma.

e14540 Background: Telomeres (T) consist of thousands of copies of TTAGGG tandem repeats capping the ends of the chromosome. T along with enzyme telomerase provides protection against any threats t...
Novel Human Prostate Epithelial Cell Cultures

Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer in the USA and the second leading cause of male cancer death in the USA. African American men have higher incidence and mortality rate from prostate cancer compared to Caucasian men in North America, indicating the prostate cancer is a major public health problem in this population. Studies of prostate cancer have been hampered by various factors including (1) restricted access to tissues, (2) difficulties in propagating premalignant lesions and primary prostate tumors in vitro, and (3) limited availability of prostate cell lines for in vitro studies. There is no commercially available pair of non-malignant and tumor cells derived from the same prostate cancer patient. Primary prostate epithelial cells grow for a finite life span and then senesce. Immortalization is defined by continuous growth of otherwise senescing cells and is believed to represent an early stage in tumor progression. To examine these early stages, we have developed in vitro models of prostate epithelial cell immortalization. Generation of human primary epithelial (HPE) cells has been achieved using the serum-free keratinocyte growth medium. Retrovirus containing human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) was also used for the generation of primary non-malignant and malignant tumor cells. In addition, we have established the first immortalized cell lines of a pair of non-malignant and malignant tumors derived from an African American prostate cancer patient. Interestingly, we have found that the Rock inhibitor and feeder cells induced the conditioned reprogramming (CR) of epithelial cells—normal and tumor epithelial cells from many tissues to proliferate indefinitely in vitro, without transduction of viral or cellular genes. More recently, using CR, we have established normal and tumor cultures respectively from a patient prostatectomy. These CR cells grow indefinitely in vitro and retain stable karyology. The tumor-derived CR cells produced tumors in SCID mice. The use of novel pair of non-malignant and malignant tumor cells derived from the same patient provides a unique in vitro model for studies of early prostate cancer and for testing preventive and therapeutic regimens.
Electrical tree formation in polymer-filler composites

Insulating fillers are often mixed with polymer dielectrics in order to improve dielectric breakdown strength. However, filler-loaded dielectric films show higher variability, which limits their large-scale utility and application. In this paper, we present a computational framework for predicting the spatial distribution of electrical tree formation in a polymer dielectric in the presence of insulating fillers. The framework is based on the numerical solution of Poisson's equation inside the dielectric film and the application of the Monte Carlo model for finding the electric breakdown path. The simulation results explain several puzzles associated with the breakdown of polymer-filler dielectrics, such as (1) the improved breakdown strength with insulating filler mixing, (2) high degree of variability in breakdown measurements, and (3) effects of filler size, shape and position on the breakdown. In addition, the proposed framework not only provides the physical understanding of the breakdown process but also inspires new design concepts to improve the breakdown strength of the polymer composite.
Proceedings of the 9th ACM international symposium on Advances in geographic information systems

Over the past decade, the ACM Symposium on Advances in Geographic Information Systems - ACM GIS - has been conceived as a forum for dissemination of original research and experience in the field of geographic data studies. This symposium traditionally attracts submissions from all continents. The broad spectrum of subjects and applications covered serve as an indicator of the increasing number of problems that require handling of geographic data.The program committee of ACM GIS 2001 has the pleasure of announcing an outstanding program for this year. Out of 93 submissions, only 29 are accepted. Each submission was reviewed by three members of the program committee. The selection was based on the quality and originality of the contribution. The excellent collection of technical papers as well as the exciting invited talks address a wide variety of timely issues on GIS. We hope you will find the technical program stimulating, the discussions fruitful, and your stay in Atlanta relaxing.
EUV photo resist shrink characterization using low landing energy SEM (Conference Presentation)

This study explores SEM induced shrink on EUV resist at different SEM scanning conditions from traditional to low landing energies. Measurement results of different targets, constant space of 28 nm and different pitches, across FEM wafer demonstrate both charging and resist shrink impact on measurement sensitivity and uncertainty. AFM measurements, SEM vs fresh locations are performed to quantify 3D morphology changes of the EUV pattern.
A SVM Optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization Approach to Load Disaggregation in Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring in Smart Homes

The essence of NILM (Non-intrusive load monitoring) is load decomposition whose results can be further used to improve the energy acquisition system, intelligent power consumption system, and hold out two-way interactive service and intelligent power consumption service. In this paper, a PSO-SVM approach is proposed for load disaggregation in non-intrusive load monitoring. A method in view of the power difference is used to do event detection for switching state of electrical equipment which is proved to be very effective. A multi-feature classification (MFC) on account of PSO-SVM is suggested that it can recognize the switching state of electrical equipment. The simulation results showed that the accuracy rate can attain 95.3% for switched-on state and 96.2% for switched-off state which are more precise than GA-BP and GA-SVM.
The BRAND tourism effect on loyal customer experiences in luxury hotel: The moderating role of psychological ownership

Abstract This study applies brand tourism effect to examine the loyal customers' different attitudinal responses caused by two types of non-loyal customers (i.e., brand immigrants and brand tourists) in the luxury hotel industry. The study also investigates the moderating role of psychological ownership on brand tourism effect. Conducting a 2 (types of non-loyal customers) * 2 (psychological ownership) experimental design, the results show that the loyal customers perceive brand tourists more favorably, and their disappointment is the most significantly different emotional response. In addition, the result also finds the moderating effect to be significant, indicating that in a lounge, loyal customers view brand tourists more positively than in restaurant. Lastly, the study also discusses theoretical and practical implications.
Laser ultrasonic imaging of wavefield spatial gradients for damage detection

Laser ultrasonic techniques (LUTs) are increasingly used in non-destructive evaluation (NDE) applications because they can provide full-field ultrasonic wavefield data with high resolution in a three-dimensional (3D) space–time domain. This paper investigates the properties of the wavefield spatial gradient as a detector and localizer for defects that distort the local wavefield. A laser ultrasonic interrogation method based on a 527-nm Q-switched laser scanning system was used to interrogate 3D ultrasonic signals in a 3-mm aluminum plate. The plate was tested with and without multiple artificial scatterers to test the proposed method. During the scanning process, the ultrasonic waves were generated by the pulsed laser at an n-by-m grid of sampling points and recorded by a single fixed PZT transducer. The whole scan generates a 3D matrix which allows the accessibility of showing the wave propagation over time in movie form with a high spatial resolution. After the scanning process, the full-field ultrasonic data of the plate without and with artificial damage were obtained, respectively. Then, spatial gradient vectors were computed from each frame of the full-field ultrasonic data along the time axis. For a space-domain frame \(\left\{ {U_{i} } \right\}^{n \times m}\)at a time \(i \in t\), the gradient vectors were determined by two components, \(\left\{ {G_{i,x} } \right\}^{n \times m}\)and \(\left\{ {G_{i,y} } \right\}^{n \times m}\), which reflected the spatial derivatives of every pixel with respect to the position coordinates. Once the gradient vectors of the full-field ultrasonic data (intact and damage cases) were determined, the spatial gradient ultrasonic wavefield imaging was generated with the gradient orientation profile \(\left\{ {\theta_{i} } \right\}^{n \times m}\)and the gradient magnitude profile \(\left\{ {A_{i} } \right\}^{n \times m}\)as the features used for damage detection. The wavefield spatial gradients of the defect-free case were used as a baseline to compare with the wavefield spatial gradients of the damaged case. The gradient profiles of the wavefield spatial gradients could detect and localize the damage by the inconsistency of the wave pattern in the 2D space domain. The wavefield spatial gradients also showed the ability to remove the complexity of identifying the damage among multi-mode waveform. Future work will be focusing on applying the algorithm to complex structures such as CFRP composites.
Organizing workers and machine learning tools for a less oppressive workplace

Abstract Machine learning tools are increasingly infiltrating everyday work life with implications for workers. By looking at machine learning tools as part of a sociotechnical system, we explore how machine learning tools enforce oppression of workers. We theorize, normatively, that with reorganizing processes in place, oppressive characteristics could be converted to emancipatory characteristics. Drawing on Paulo Freire’s critical theory of emancipatory pedagogy, we outline similarities between the characteristics Freire saw in oppressive societies and the characteristics of currently designed partnerships between humans and machine learning tools. Freire’s theory offers a way forward in reorganizing humans and machine learning tools in the workplace. Rather than advocating human control or the decoupling of workers and machines, we follow Freire’s theory in proposing four processes for emancipatory organizing of human and machine learning partnership: 1) awakening of a critical consciousness, 2) enabling role freedom, 3) instituting incentives and sanctions for accountability, and 4) identifying alternative emancipatory futures. Theoretical and practical implications of this emancipatory organizing theory are drawn.
Chronic inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study using multiple markers.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with insulin resistance and elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Chronic inflammation has been observed in PCOS in several studies but there is also opposing evidence and a dearth of research in Indians. Objective: To estimate chronic inflammation in PCOS and find its relationship with appropriate anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: Chronic inflammation was assessed in 30 women with PCOS (Group A) and 30 healthy controls (Group B) with highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and platelet microparticles (PMP). In group A, the relationship of chronic inflammation with insulin resistance, waist hip ratio (WHR) serum testosterone, and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were examined. Results: In group A, the hsCRP, TNFα, and PMP were significantly elevated compared to group B. However, IL-6 level was similar between the groups. In group A, PMP showed a significant positive correlation with waist-hip ratio and serum testosterone. IL-6 showed a significant positive correlation with insulin sensitivity and significant negative correlation with insulin resistance and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase. Conclusion: PCOS is associated with chronic inflammation and PMP correlates positively with central adiposity and biochemical hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS. Key words: Polycystic ovary syndrome, Inflammation, C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6, Tumor necrosis factor, Microparticles.
Nonimaging optics: erratum

We present an erratum to correct the x, z labels in Figs. 6 and 7 from Adv. Opt. Photonics10, 484 (2018)10.1364/AOP.10.000484.