cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bursicon, the tanning hormone of insects: recent advances following the discovery of its molecular identity

Bursicon was identified in 1965 as a peptide neurohormone that initiates the tanning of the insect cuticle immediately after the shedding of the old one during the final stages of the molting process. Its molecular identity as an approximately 30 kDa bioactive heterodimer consisting of two cystine knot proteins resisted elucidation for 43 years. The sequence of the two bursicon subunits is highly conserved among arthropods, and this conservation extends even to echinoderms. We review the efforts leading to bursicon’s characterization, the identification of its leucine-rich repeat-containing, G protein-coupled receptor (LGR2), and the progress towards revealing its various functions. It is now clear that bursicon regulates different aspects of wing inflation in Drosophilamelanogaster besides being involved at various points in the cuticle tanning process in different insects. We also describe the current knowledge of the expression of bursicon in the central nervous system of different insects in large homologous neurosecretory cells, and the changes in its expression during the development of Manduca sexta and D. melanogaster. Although much remains to be learned, the elucidation of its molecular identity and that of its receptor has provided the breakthrough needed for investigating the diverse actions of this critical insect neurohormone.
Seismicity of the Colorado Lineament

The Colorado Lineament appears to be one of the source zones for the larger earthquakes of the west-central United States. As defined by Warner (1975), the lineament trends northeastward from northwestern Arizona to central Minnesota. Numerous Precambrian trends have been recognized along the lineament; some are reflected in the overlying strata. Mineralized areas such as the Colorado Mineral Belt, the Hartville iron deposits of Wyoming, and the Cuyuna Iron Range of Minnesota are associated with the lineament, which may represent a Precambrian continental plate boundary in the form of a wrench fault system (Warner, 1978). Between 1860 and 1875 about 18 earthquakes with epicentral intensity greater than or equal to VI and felt area greater than 25,000 km 2 (10,000 mi 2 ; equivalently a body-wave magnitude ges;4.5) had epicenters within the surface projection of the Colorado Lineament. All but a few of the remaining west-central earthquakes of this size can be associated with the Nemaha uplift, the Rio Grande Rift, the Wichita Mountain uplift and the Overthrust Belt. Although these latter structures have previously been recognized as source zones for larger earthquakes, the Colorado Lineament had not been so recognized.
Rule-based system for interpretation of brainstem auditory evoked potentials

A preliminary version of an expert decision-support system for interpretation of brainstem auditory evoked potentials is described. The design combines an analytical signal-processing module with a rule module that incorporates the kinds of heuristic criteria used by human interpreters. The system determines whether a sensory response is present in the waveform; if so, it identifies peak V, the most prominent peak. The system performed well when a response was present, but it was not as effective in interpreting waveforms with no response present. Improvement in analytical signal detection and expansion of the heuristic database could provide performance acceptable for clinical use. >
Dynamics of Diffusion: Aggregate Patterns in Congressional Campaign Agendas

We examine patterns in campaign agendas for a sample of 1,141 House and Senate candidates in the 1984 to 1996 elections, using a content analysis of coverage of their campaigns in CQ Weekly Report’s “Special Election Issue” to extract each candidate’s priority issues. The results indicate that, contrary to some of the predictions in the broader literature on congressional campaigns and elections, these agendas are very diffuse, with a high level of diversity in themes across candidates, races, and time. We uncover evidence of systematic differences in the issue priorities highlighted by Democrats and Republicans, by House and Senate candidates, and by incumbents, challengers, and candidates for open seats. We also find substantial independence in the agenda choices of opposing candidates, of same-state copartisans, of candidates who run in multiple elections, and of same-district or -state candidates across time. These findings have important implications for understanding the role of campaigns in agenda ...
Here comes the #engagement: A serious health initiative made trendy

Creating a user experience to communicate the seriousness of HIV prevention and awareness can be both educational while entertaining. This combination along with a sense of cultural influence helps to both attract and engage millennials.
The Reformation of the English Parish Church – By Robert Whiting

The historiography of the English Reformation has the characteristic of a pendulum. During the twentieth century, it was considered an act of state imposed by Henry VIII; the popular Reformation of...
THE INFLUENCE OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS ON RESISTANCE : II. THE TOXIC EFFECT OF KILLED BACTERIA IN ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS.

1. The resistance of rats to bacterial intoxication is greatly decreased after double adrenalectomy. 2. This decreased resistance is dependent upon a functional insufficiency of the adrenal cortex. 3. A dose of killed streptococci or staphylococci can be obtained that is invariably fatal to adrenalectomized rats, before hypertrophy of cortical accessories, but never kills control rats.
The elastic trumbbell model for dynamics of stiff chains

The dynamical behavior of the elastic trumbbell model was discussed. Two relaxation modes, the slowest one (λ1) associated to rotation and the faster one (λ2) to bending, dominate the relaxation spectrum of viscoelasticity and Kerr Effect. As the stiffness of the spring increases, the slowest relaxation mode Ψ1 becomes dominant in the Kerr Effect case (K1 ≫ K2), and the decay curves fit nearly single exponentials if Z ≥ 0.75. This, however, does not mean that substantial bending is not present. The effect of bending is apparent in the fact that the end-over-end relaxation rate λ1 is faster than the rigid rod limit λR (30% faster for Z = 0,75). Viscoelasticity, on the other hand, shows a large contribution from the internal bending mode Ψ2 to the storage modulus G r ′ . The bimodal character of the curve is more pronounced the stiffer the chain. Viscoelastic measurements of very stiff macromolecules (q/L > 2) are, however, difficult to perform. In most cases [6,7,21,22], however, the elastic trumbbell model has failed to reproduce the high frequency behavior of these semistiff molecules because higher bending modes appear to contribute [6] to the relaxation spectrum.
Spatial Use by Wintering Greater White-Fronted Geese Relative to a Decade of Habitat Change in California's Central Valley

We investigated the effect of recent habitat changes in California's Central Valley on wintering Pacific greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons frontalis) by comparing roost-to-feed distances, distributions, population range sizes, and habitat use during 1987–1990 and 1998–2000. These habitat changes included wetland restoration and agricultural land enhancement due to the 1990 implementation of the Central Valley Joint Venture, increased land area used for rice (Oryza sativa) production, and the practice of flooding, rather than burning, rice straw residues for decomposition because of burning restrictions enacted in 1991. Using radiotelemetry, we tracked 192 female geese and recorded 4,516 locations. Geese traveled shorter distances between roosting and feeding sites during 1998–2000 (24.2 ± 2.2 km) than during 1987–1990 (32.5 ± 3.4 km); distance traveled tended to decline throughout winter during both decades and varied among watershed basins. Population range size was smaller during 1998–2000 (3,367 km2) than during 1987–1990 (5,145 km2), despite a 2.2-fold increase in the size of the Pacific Flyway population of white-fronted geese during the same time period. The population range size also tended to increase throughout winter during both decades. Feeding and roosting distributions of geese also differed between decades; geese shifted into basins that had the greatest increases in the amount of area in rice production (i.e., American Basin) and out of other basins (i.e., Delta Basin). The use of rice habitat for roosting (1987–1990: 40%, 1998–2000: 54%) and feeding (1987–1990: 57%, 1998–2000: 72%) increased between decades, whereas use of wetlands declined for roosting (1987–1990: 36%, 1998–2000: 31%) and feeding (1987–1990: 22%, 1998–2000: 12%). Within postharvested rice habitats, geese roosted and fed primarily in burned rice fields during 1987–1990 (roost: 43%, feed: 34%), whereas they used flooded rice fields during 1998–2000 (roost: 78%, feed: 64%). Our results suggest that white-fronted geese have altered their spatial use of California's Central Valley during the past decade in response to changing agricultural practices and the implementation of the Central Valley Joint Venture.
Design of intelligent emotion feedback to assist users regulate emotions: Framework and principles

Positive environmental emotion feedback is important to influence the brain and behaviors. By measuring emotional signals and providing affective neurofeedback, people can be better aware of their emotional state in real time. However, such direct mapping does not necessarily motivate people's emotion regulation effort. We introduce two levels of emotion feedback: an augmentation level that indicates direct feedback mapping and an intervention level which means feedback output is dynamically adapted with the regulation process. For the purpose of emotion regulation, this research summarizes the framework of emotion feedback design by adding new components that involve feature wrapping, mapping to output representation and interactive interface representation. By this means, the concept of intelligent emotion feedback is illustrated that not only enhances emotion regulation motivation but also considers subject and trial variability based on individual calibration and learning. An affective Brain-computer Interface technique is used to design the prototype among alternatives. Experimental tests and model simulation are planned for further evaluation.
Pathogenic and immunosuppressive effects of avian pneumovirus in turkeys.

SUMMARY. Avian pneumovirus (APV) causes a respiratory disease in turkeys. The virus has been associated with morbidity and mortality due to secondary infections. Our objective was to determine if APV caused immunosuppression in the T-cell or B-cell compartments and to study the pathogenesis of the disease in APV maternal antibody–lacking 2-wk-old commercial turkeys. APV was administered by the eyedrop/intranasal route. Observations were made for gross lesions, viral genome, and T-cell mitogenesis and cytokine secretion at 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days postinoculation (DPI). During the acute phase of the disease that lasted for about 1 wk, the turkeys exposed to APV showed clinical signs characterized by nasal discharge and sinus swelling. Virus genome was detected by in situ hybridization in cells of turbinates and trachea at 3 and 5 DPI. At 3 and 5 DPI, spleen cells of the birds infected with APV markedly decreased proliferative response to concanavalin A (Con A). Con A and lipopolysaccharide stimulation of s...
Optimising virtual training systems

Following nearly four decades of research and development, virtual technologies have only recently begun to realise their potential as commercial and military products (Durlach and Mavor 1995, Zyda...
Biscuits, Cookies and Crackers: Nature of the Products

Biscuits and cookies are small, sweetened, cereal-based, baked products. They are broadly characterized by dough properties and then further classified by the process used to form and place them on the oven band. The three broad categories are hard doughs, short doughs, and wafers. Short doughs are further classified as deposited, rotary mold, cutting machine, or extruded. Rotary cut and stamped are subdivisions of the cutting machine process, while wire cut and bar-press (rout-press) are subdivisions of the extruded process. Crackers are small, savory or salty, cereal-based, baked products. Types include saltine (soda), cream, and snack crackers.
Expert witness testimony: An update.

New opinions are always suspected, and usually opposed, without any other reason but because they are not already common.JOHN LOCKE (1632–1784) Physicians have been quick to condemn the legal profession as the cause for the surge in medical malpractice lawsuits. This perception is flawed since existing tort law requires a physician-expert's statement of deviation and negligence to initiate a lawsuit! Although expert witness testimony has been required for hundreds of years, 7, 8 the reality of the current litigation climate of 18 million lawsuits per year has spawned and generated a new and thriving cottage industry, the expert witness for hire. It is no mere coincidence that individuals advertise their credentials, expertise and occasionally opinions in law journals in hopes of attracting cases and lucrative associations. Both plaintiff and defense positions are well represented so that trials have been reduced to a battle of the experts. 20, 23 A critical look at the entity of expert witness testimony 23, 25, 26 27 suggests a need for reform 7, 8, 21 23, 27 and oversight 14 so as to reduce pseudoscientific testimony, 12 minority opinions, fraudulent behavior, and junk justice. 1
Does Breeding System Contribute to Rarity of Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)

Abstract Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) is an herbaceous perennial species that is becoming more rare within its range. Hydrastis canadensis populations are highly isolated and pollen flow between these populations may be restricted. I examined the breeding system of H. canadensis to determine if it may be limiting seed set due to increasing isolation of individuals and populations from one another. I tested fruit set in treatments designed to detect the presence of apomixis, passive autogamy, active autogamy, short distance outcrossing and long distance outcrossing. No fruit set occurred in flowers that were emasculated and bagged, suggesting the species is incapable of apomixis. However, low rates of fruit set were found in all other treatments, suggesting a mixed mating system in which both selfing and outcrossing may occur. Pollen transfer between highly isolated populations can result in fruit set, as can within-population pollen transfer. The breeding system type appears unlikely to be a major...
Immune Reactions to Trypanosomes and How They Are Evaded. Ablastin. Antigenic Variation

The immunology of trypanosome infections provides examples of two phenomena of great general biological interest and importance. One is the formation of a reproduction-inhibiting antibody, ablastin, that controls trypanosome populations without killing them. The other is antigenic variation, enabling certain species of trypanosomes to evade the immune responses of their host.
Concentration Measurements of OH and CH Radicals in Laminar Partially Premixed and Prevaporized Jet A / Palm Methyl Ester Blend Flames

Palm methyl ester (PME) is an attractive alternate fuel that is becoming popular in Asia and has the potential for a wider application. In this study, the near-burner flame characteristics in the laminar partially premixed flames of Jet A, PME and their blends (25%, 50% and 75% by volume) were investigated. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique was used to determine the relative concentration of OH and CH radicals in the near-burner region of the flames. The fuel was prevaporized by injecting into a hot air stream and passed through a 9.5 mm stainless steel tube which served as the injector. The burner exit equivalence ratios of 2, 3 and 7, were selected to simulate a wide range of (high to low) partially premixed modes of combustion that exist in practical combustors. The PLIF measurements indicated that the OH and CH concentrations closely followed the temperature profiles at the equivalence ratio of 2. The blend-fuel flames had higher OH and CH concentrations than the neat fuel flames at equivalence ratios of 2 and 3. At the equivalence ratio of 7, a significant reduction in OH concentration was observed in the near-burner region of the flames having biofuel content, and the CH concentration was comparatively higher than OH concentration of corresponding flames. The presence of high CH concentration in the region of peak NO concentration indicated that the NO formation at this condition was likely through the Fenimore mechanism. The concentration measurements of OH and CH radicals revealed a non-monotonic variation with the proportion of biofuel in the fuel blend and suggested a complex competition between the growth and oxidation of poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and soot particles, and the formation of combustion products.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Interactive SPEEDES

Interactive parallel simulations involving humans or external software modules can be difficult to support. While many parallel simulation algorithms avoid acknowledging the need for external interactions, most real-world applications demand this capability. A new general purpose synchronous parallel environment for emulation and discrete event simulation (SPEEDES) has been developed which easily supports interactive simulations. The SPEEDES algorithm is described, basic elements of interactive simulations are discussed, and the solution which was implemented in SPEEDES is given. >
Bacillus thuringiensis investigations for control of Heliothis spp. on cotton.

Studies were conducted at Florence, S. C., in 1972 to evaluate commercial preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner for control of Heliothis spp. on cotton. Dipel,® Thuricide® HPC, Biotrol® XK, and Bactospeine® P.M. were added to a cottonseed oil bait and applied, with the Florence 3-outlet ULV sprayer, to 0.13-acre plots. Dipel was evaluated in various other baits that contained cornmeal, corn oil, Wheast® or some combination of these ingredients. Dipel in cottonseed oil bait produced higher mortality of caged larvae than other preparations of B. thuringiensis . On some occasions, Dipel was as effective as toxaphene + DDT + methyl parathion in killing larvae of H. virescens (F.). Laboratory feeding tests again proved Dipel to be the most effective of the materials tested.
Lessons Learned About Motivation From a Pilot Physical Activity Intervention for African American Men.

African American men are less likely than White men to meet physical activity recommendations, and few physical activity interventions have focused on the unique needs of African American men. Beca...
Rearranging Terms in Alternating Series

It is well known that if you change the order of the terms in a conditionally convergent series, the result may have a different sum. We will demonstrate a method for calculating the sum of a broad class of such reordered series. The result is not new; it originally appeared in a 19th century German paper [8], and similar work appeared later in [2], [4], and [6]. The purpose of this note is to bring attention to the result, which could appropriately be mentioned in introductory calculus classes right after Riemann's theorem [1]; the main result uses nothing more complicated than the integral test, and the discussion uses nothing more complicated than the concept of o(f), which could be explained (see [5]) or circumnavigated in lecture. The results from [3] on the alternating harmonic series could well be included in the lecture. Let S = I' (-l)i+'aj, with a1 > 0 and {a1} eventually monotonically decreasing to zero. Define Sm' as the rearrangement (no signs changed) obtained from S by taking groups of m positive terms followed by groups of n negative terms (thus S" S and S21 a, + a3-a2 + a5 +a7-a4 + *--).
Discrete-state representation of ion permeation coupled to fast gating in a model of CLC-chloride channels: analytic estimation of the state-to-state rate constants.

Analytical estimation of state-to-state rate constants is carried out for a recently developed discrete state model of chloride ion motion in a CLC chloride channel (Coalson and Cheng, J. Phys. Chem. B2010, 114, 1424). In the original presentation of this model, the same rate constants were evaluated via three-dimensional Brownian dynamics simulations. The underlying dynamical theory is an appropriate single- or multiparticle three-dimensional Smoluchowski equation. Taking advantage of approximate geometric symmetries (based on the details of the model channel geometry), well-known formulas for state-to-state transition rates are appealed to herein and adapted as necessary to the problem at hand. Rates of ionic influx from a bulk electrolyte reservoir to the nearest binding site within the channel pore are particularly challenging to compute analytically because they reflect multi-ion interactions (as opposed to single-ion dynamics). A simple empirical correction factor is added to the single-ion rate con...
Assessing Deliberative Pedagogy: Using a Learning Outcomes Rubric to Assess Tradeoffs and Tensions

Teaching deliberative decision-making is a method of encouraging students to think critically, engage public problems, and engage in both public speaking and public listening. College instructors have begun to use deliberation as a pedagogical tool, yet further research is needed to understand the learning outcomes of deliberative pedagogy. We argue that the deliberative principle of “understanding tradeoffs and tensions” is a key learning outcome of deliberative pedagogy, and demonstrate an avenue for evaluating it through a learning outcomes rubric, and through critical-interpretative methods of rhetorical criticism. In our analysis, we demonstrate that students with prior training in deliberation achieve higher levels of understanding tradeoffs and tensions through their rhetorical behaviors of embodying a deliberative perspective, expressing inclusivity, and working through public problems.
Big data in nephrology: promises and pitfalls

Data from the electronic health records hold great promise for nephrology research. However, due to significant limitations, reporting guidelines have been formulated for analyses conducted using electronic health records data.
Distributional Effects of Price Indexing Social Security Benefits

This policy brief compares five options (four progressive price indexing and one full price indexing option) set forth by the Social Security Advisory Board to index initial benefits to price growth. It examines the distribution of benefits of Social Security beneficiaries aged 62 or older in 2030, 2050, and 2070 using Modeling Income in the Near Term (MINT) model projections. The brief finds that the full price indexing option Shield 0% would more than achieve long-term solvency by reducing benefits by about 35 percent in 2070 and would increase the aged poverty rate compared with scheduled levels. The four progressive price indexing options (Shields 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%) would produce smaller benefit reductions by exempting varying proportions of lower earners from price indexing. Those options would not increase poverty above scheduled levels, but would reduce benefits for some low earners because their auxiliary benefits come from the reduced benefits of a higher-earning spouse. The progressive price indexing options would make Social Security more progressive compared with scheduled and payable benefits, both when looking at household benefit reductions by household income in a given year and when examining the distribution of lifetime taxes and benefits.
Fogs and Stratocumulus Clouds

Abstract Chapter 6 provides an overview of the dynamics of fogs and stratocumulus clouds. Included are fog formation mechanisms and various forcing factors that influence fog occurrence and intensity. Likewise factors influencing boundary layer cloud occurrence and intensity are reviewed along with discussions of models used to describe and predict boundary layer clouds. We end with a brief discussion about Arctic stratus clouds.
Characterization of TFT/LCD arrays

Thin-film-transistor (TFT) array characterization is important to liquid-crystal display (LCD) design, development, failure analysis, and sorting on a manufacturing line. The authors present characterization highlights obtained using a TFT array tester that can detect, accurately locate, and in many cases identify both line faults and pixel faults in a TFT array. It can provide useful performance information on normally operating pixels. >
Abstract B130: Dysregulated Toll-like receptor responses as an oncogenic driver

Inflammation mediated by the transcription factor NFkB is a hallmark of many cancers. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling activates NFkB and many tumors undergo an upregulation of TLR expression. However, it still remains unknown to what extent TLR signaling directly contributes to tumorigenesis. A mutagenesis screen of the Unc93b1 protein, a trafficking factor for endosomal TLRs, identified numerous gain-of-function mutations that lead to enhanced TLR signaling. This system allows me to selectively upregulate the activity of certain TLRs and test their contribution to the development of spontaneous inflammation and cancer. So far, my work has focused on a group of Unc93b1 mutations that confer hyper-responsiveness of TLR7 and TLR9, two endosomal nucleic-acid sensing receptors. Knock-in mice carrying this mutation show an early onset of autoinflammation and autoimmunity, demonstrating the critical role of Unc93b1 in maintaining immunological tolerance of these receptors. In ongoing work, I want to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate this TLR hyperresponse and identify new regulators of Unc93b1 that might engage in this pathway. Furthermore, I want to apply this system in exploring the contribution of chronic TLR7 and TLR9 stimulation in the development of B-cell lymphoma, a cancer type whose pathogenesis relies on constitutively active NFkB downstream of TLR engagement. My study will reveal novel regulatory pathways that control TLR-mediated inflammation and their physiological relevance in tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Olivia Majer, Bo Liu, Angus Yiu-fai Lee, Greg Barton. Dysregulated Toll-like receptor responses as an oncogenic driver [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B130.
On the quantitative potential of Viscoelastic Response (VisR) ultrasound using matrix array transducers: In silico demonstration

VisR ultrasound is an acoustic radiation force (ARF)-based imaging method that fits induced displacements to a 1D mass-spring-damper (MSD) model to estimate the ratio of viscous to elastic moduli, τ, in viscoelastic materials. A source of error in VisR τ estimation is complex and interrelated 3D system inertia. We hypothesize that error due to system inertia may be reduced by minimizing the volumetric extent of the employed ARF excitations, i.e. by reducing elevational and lateral F/#s using a matrix array transducer. This hypothesis was tested in silico using finite element method (FEM) models and Field II simulating homogeneous viscoelastic materials and viscoelastic materials with inclusions. In homogeneous viscoelastic materials, decreasing the elevational F/# from 5.0 to 0.75 yielded 62.5%, 96.7%, and 223.69% decreases in the median percent error in VisR τ estimates in materials with Young's modulus of 10, 50, and 100 kPa, respectively. In viscoelastic materials with inclusions, the elevational F/0.75 focal configuration better delineated inclusion borders in comparison to F/5.0, and measured contrast was closer to the true contrast. The CNRs achieved using elevational F/0.75 was 1.25 – 5.0 times higher than those from F/5.0. These results show that as the volumetric extent of ARF excitations decreases by reducing the elevational F/#, VisR τ estimates more closely approximate the true material τ. These results suggest that error in quantitative VisR τ estimates would be reduced by using a transducer capable of elevational focusing.
Tracing pathways to higher education for refugees: the role of virtual support networks and mobile phones for women in refugee camps

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we explore the role of online social networks in the cultivation of pathways to higher education for refugees, particularly for women. We compare supports garnered in local and offline settings to those accrued through online social networks and examine the differences between women and men. The paper draws on complementary original data sources, including an online survey of the Somali Diaspora (n = 248) and in-depth interviews (n = 21) with Somali refugees who do or have lived in the Dadaab refugee camps of Kenya. We find an important interplay of local and global interactions, mediated by mobile technology, that participants identify as critical to their access to higher education. Our analysis relates these interactions to shifting social norms and possibilities for refugee women’s education. Our findings directly address the use of information and communication technology in expanding opportunities for higher education for women in refugee camps.
ON PULSATING AND CELLULAR FORMS OF HYDRODYNAMIC INSTABILITY IN LIQUID-PROPELLANT COMBUSTION

An extended Landau-Levich model of liquid-propellant combustion, one that allows for a local dependence of the burning rate on the (gas) pressure at the liquid-gas interface, exhibits not only the classical hydrodynamic cellular instability attributed to Landau but also a pulsating hydrodynamic instability associated with sufficiently negative pressure sensitivities. Exploiting the realistic limit of small values of the gas-to-liquid density ratio p, analytical formulas for both neutral stability boundaries may be obtained by expanding all quantities in appropriate powers of p in each of three distinguished wave-number regimes. In particular, composite analytical expressions are derived for the neutral stability boundaries A(sub p)(k), where A, is the pressure sensitivity of the burning rate and k is the wave number of the disturbance. For the cellular boundary, the results demonstrate explicitly the stabilizing effect of gravity on long-wave disturbances, the stabilizing effect of viscosity (both liquid and gas) and surface tension on short-wave perturbations, and the instability associated with intermediate wave numbers for negative values of A(sub p), which is characteristic of many hydroxylammonium nitrate-based liquid propellants over certain pressure ranges. In contrast, the pulsating hydrodynamic stability boundary is insensitive to gravitational and surface-tension effects but is more sensitive to the effects of liquid viscosity because, for typical nonzero values of the latter, the pulsating boundary decreases to larger negative values of A(sub p) as k increases through O(l) values. Thus, liquid-propellant combustion is predicted to be stable (that is, steady and planar) only for a range of negative pressure sensitivities that lie below the cellular boundary that exists for sufficiently small negative values of A(sub p) and above the pulsating boundary that exists for larger negative values of this parameter.
Ubiquitination of STING at lysine 224 controls IRF3 activation

Cytosolic DNA species derived from invading microbes or leaked from the nuclear or mitochondrial compartments of the cell can trigger the induction of host defense genes by activating the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein STING (stimulator of interferon genes). Using a mass spectrometry-based approach, we show that after association with cyclic dinucleotides, delivery of Tank-binding kinase 1 to interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), such as IRF3, relies on K63-linked ubiquitination of K224 on STING. Blocking K224 ubiquitination specifically prevented IRF3 but not nuclear factor κB activation, additionally indicating that STING trafficking is not required to stimulate the latter signaling pathway. By carrying out a limited small interfering RNA screen, we have identified MUL1 (mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1) as an E3 ligase that catalyzes the ubiquitination of STING on K224. These data demonstrate the critical role of K224 ubiquitination in STING function and provide molecular insight into the mechanisms governing host defense responses.
Feeding Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows Reduced-Fat Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles: Quality of Baby Swiss Cheese

In this experiment, feedingreduced-fat distillers grains(RF-DDGS)as 20% DM of a total mixed ration (TMR)supplemented with lysine did not negatively influence flavor attributes of baby Swiss cheese.Eye appearancein all cheeseswas atypical,but was not related to diet. Any defects in appearance of Baby Swiss cheese appeared in both control and RF-DDGS fed cows and therefore the defects observed can be attributed to the make procedure itself rather than to of feeding RF-DDGS. The results indicate that lactating Holstein dairy cows can be fed RF-DDGS as 20% DM of a TMR without negatively affecting usability of milk forproduction of Baby Swiss cheese.
“Say Instagram, Kids!”: Examining Sharenting and Children's Digital Representations on Instagram

ABSTRACTThe new phenomenon of sharenting, the overuse of social media by parents who share content of their children, has increased children's digital representations on social media, especially In...
The Natural History of Rheumatic Heart Disease in the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Decades of Life I. Prognosis with Special Reference to Survivorship

The object of this study is to provide information on the natural course of rheumatic heart disease in the third, fourth, and fifth decades of life. It is concerned with 757 out of 1,042 children under observation during the years 1916 to 1956 who reached the age of 20 or more years. The major manifestations of rheumatic fever experienced by these patients from the onset of the disease is related to the degree of residual cardiac damage. Survival to successive ages was analyzed with respect to sex, type of valvular lesion, and degree of cardiac enlargement.
Interaction of SO2 with the Surface of a Water Nanodroplet

We present a comprehensive computational study of interaction of a SO2 with water molecules in the gas phase and with the surface of various sized water nanodroplets to investigate the solvation behavior of SO2 in different atmospheric environments. Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulation shows that, in the gas phase and at a temperature of 300 K, the dominant interaction between SO2 and H2O is (SO2)S···O(H2O), consistent with previous density-functional theory (DFT) computation at 0 K. However, at the surface of a water nanodroplet, BOMD simulation shows that the hydrogen-bonding interaction of (SO2)O···H(H2O) becomes increasingly important with the increase of droplet size, reflecting a marked effect of the water surface on the SO2 solvation. This conclusion is in good accordance with spectroscopy evidence obtained previously (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 16806; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 3256). The prevailing interaction (SO2)O···H(H2O) on a large droplet is mainly due to favorable expo...
A molecular approach to understanding aluminum tolerance in soybean (Glycine max L.)

The primary cause of aluminum (Al) toxic effects in plants stems from the low pH (< 5.5) of aluminosilicate soils which is prevalent in the southeastern United States in addition to many tropical regions. In acid soil, an increasing portion of the cation exchange sites are occupied by Al3+ which replaces the other polyvalent cations, such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the surface of the clay minerals [18, 21]. This increased availability of the Al+ ions in acid soils acts to strongly absorb phosphate. Depending on the cultivar, in conjunction with Al-toxicity effects, deficiencies in calcium, magnesium and phosphate may also be observed in plants grown in low pH aluminosilicate soils.
Combined Regional Chemoembolization and Ablative Therapy for Hepatic Malignancies

Hepatic malignancies are one of the most difficult therapeutic challenges in oncology. Cure usually is not possible because of the predilection for intrahepatic recurrence, despite complete resection or ablation of the initial tumor. Nonetheless, durable local control can be achieved through vigilant monitoring and aggressive multimodality therapy coordinated by a multidisciplinary team of specialists in medical, surgical, and interventional oncology. For tumors that tend not to metastasize aggressively beyond the liver, regional control may benefit quality of life and overall survival.
Study of a Teratoma-Derived Adipogenic Cell Line 1246 and Isolation of an Insulin-Independent Variant in Serum-Free Medium

Adipose differentiation has been actively studied since the isolation and establishment in culture of several triglyceride-producing cell lines which provide useful in vitro models (1–6). It is now possible to investigate various problems related to the process of differentiation, particularly the determination of the nature and role of extracellular factors controlling the growth and the differentiation of adipocyte-like cells. Since serum-free culture has been successfully done with a number of cell lines for the past few years (7), one possible approach to the latter problem is to cultivate adipocyte-1ike cells in a serum-free medium. If the identities of the factors supporting adipocyte growth and differentiation are known, understanding their function might be possible. Attempts were made to cultivate, in serum-free medium, three different adipocyte-1ike cell lines. There were 3T3-L1 (8), Ob17 (Gaillard et al, in preparation) and 1246 (6). 3T3-L1 cell line is derived from Swiss mouse 3T3 fibroblasts (10; Ob17 cell line has been isolated from the epididymal fat pad of C57B16J Ob/Ob mouse (3); 1246 cell line has been clonally derived from a cell line, C17-S1-D-T984, isolated from a teratoma obtained by injecting an embryonal carcinoma cell line C17-S1 into a C3H mouse (6,9). It was found that 3T3-L1 and Ob17 cell lines have the same growth requirements in serum-free medium, i.e., fibronectin, insulin, transferrin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and a factor isolated from female rat submaxillary gland extracts (8,10). The 1246 cell line only requires fibronectin, insulin, transferrin and FGF, and does not need the presence of the submaxillary gland factor (6).
Abstract 3155: Loss of YAP1 dysregulates RhoA signaling and promotes cell invasion

While Hippo pathway signaling undoubtedly plays an important role in cancer, the role of its effector YAP1 as an oncogene or tumor suppressor is context dependent. The precise conditions that support the tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing roles of YAP1 remain largely undefined. While YAP1 can drive oncogenic programs through its nuclear function as a transcriptional coactivator of TEAD and other transcription factors, previous findings from our lab and others suggest that loss of YAP1 function can also have tumor promoting consequences. One well-characterized role of YAP1 is that of a nuclear relay of signals triggered by mechanical forces that lead to activation of Rho GTPases. Our new studies using a combination of genetic, biochemical, and microscopy techniques provide evidence that YAP1 is not only activated by Rho, but can also regulate Rho activation and the actin cytoskeleton. Knockdown of YAP1 in MCF10A immortalized mammary epithelial cells resulted in increased lamellipodia formation in culture as seen by time-lapse microscopy, and increased protrusive, invasive activity in 3D Matrigel culture. YAP1 knockdown also induced a scattering phenotype, characterized by cell dissociation from the leading edge of a wounded monolayer. While E-cadherin protein levels were unaffected by YAP1 knockdown, adherens junction maturation at cell-cell junctions was compromised. These morphological alterations were associated with decreased levels of active RhoA, as well as a decrease in downstream myosin light chain phosphorylation. Our results indicate loss of YAP1 decreases active RhoA, leading to reduced cell-cell adhesion and increased protrusive cellular behavior. Our findings raise the possibility that YAP1 is not only a Rho-sensor, but also mediates a feedforward regulatory loop to maintain Rho-regulated cytoskeletal structures, and that loss of YAP1 through genetic deletion in tumor cells could promote invasive behavior. Citation Format: Natalie M. Hendrick, Marcin P. Iwanicki, Carman Man-Chung Li, Duyen Amy Bui, Laura M. Selfors, Joan S. Brugge. Loss of YAP1 dysregulates RhoA signaling and promotes cell invasion [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3155.
Adult Students: A Confusing World in Undergraduate Higher Education

Who are adult undergraduates? How do we define this specialized clientele for program designs, support services, and research? Given changing profiles of young collegiate adults as part-time, worke...
A Robust Double-Blind Secure High Capacity Watermarking and Information Hiding Scheme For Authentication and Tampering Recovery Via the Wavelet and Arnold Transforms

In many communication applications, which involve exchange of digital information of high value, there is a need for secure exchange and authentication of digital information. In this paper and for that particular reason, we are proposing a novel double blind image information hiding technique for recovery and authentication of digital information without requiring knowledge and existence of both the authentication watermark image and the carrier image at a receiving end. We show here how a watermark image information for authentication is embedded in a given carrier. This makes the proposed scheme independent of the carrier image and the watermark image, which can be arbitrary. Here we utilize the properties of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (domain) and Arnold’s Transform algorithm to implement the proposed algorithm. Our proposed technique shows that (a) additional information is not required for the integrity check of the hidden digital information, (b) recovery of the hidden information from cropping and other attacks, (c) improved security is achieved by making extraction of the hidden information inter dependent on the watermarked image, (d) the scheme has high capacity and allows embedding of gray-scale (versus binary) images of same size as a carrier image. The proposed scheme provides localization and recovery towards tampering such as blurring, pixel tampering, and so forth. Effect of JPEG compression and encryption on the quality of the extracted hidden information is also shown.
Elderly man with mandibular pain.

Clinical introduction A 77-year-old man presented to the ED with a history of fevers, purulent drainage and right mandibular pain. He had been diagnosed with multiple myeloma 2 years previously and was receiving treatment with pamidronate. On presentation, the lower right lip and chin were anaesthetic, tooth number 31 had grade 2 mobility and a 15 mm long ulceration was present on the lingual aspect of the mandible (figure 1). Antibiotics were administered, and a maxillofacial CT without contrast was performed (figure 2). Question What is your diagnosis? Odontogenic abscess Benign fibro-osseous lesion Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) Metastatic malignancy
A case of severe cutaneous Mycobacterium marinum infection in a patient with Crohn's disease on chronic high-dose prednisone.

A 73 year-old man with a history of Crohn’s disease was referred to the infectious diseases service for rash. Three months ago, he developed a diffuse rash that was neither itchy nor painful. He had been taking prednisone 40 mg daily for Crohn’s disease for 40 years. He had both a salt and
Stroke Like Migraine Attacks after Radiation Therapy Syndrome Clinical and Imaging Characteristics

Stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is a rare, reversible phenomenon that occurs several years after radiotherapy in patients treated for intracranial neoplastic lesions. Patients typically present with symptoms of headache, seizures, and other focal neurologic deficits concerning for stroke or disease recurrence. In this report, we describe SMART syndrome in a 70-year-old male who developed a persistent right temporal headache, right-sided neck pain, and new-onset seizures 12 years after surgical resection of a temporal anaplastic ependymoma followed by irradiation. We present this case to highlight typical disease presentation, imaging characteristics, and important differential radiologic considerations. Recognition of this delayed complication of brain tumor radiation is paramount given its self-limited course and favorable response to conservative therapy and to avoid misinterpreting imaging findings as tumor recurrence.
Resource Management in a Time of Fiscal Scarcity: Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment for Journal Package Cancellations

As a result of continual resource inflation and a decreasing budget, Kansas State University Libraries were required to conduct a large-scale electronic journal cancellation project. The current or...
An Exploratory study of educators’ and students’ perceptions of collaboration versus cheating in hospitality and tourism education

Although many studies have focused on student cheating behaviors, the distinctions between cheating and collaboration are blurry and have not been the subject of much research. Hospitality is often...
Development of Resistance to B-Cell Depletion Following Ten Years of Effective Rituximab Treatment in a Patient with Neuromyelitis Optica (P1.2-008)

Objective: To present a report of a patient with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) who developed resistance to B-cell depletion following ten years of effective Rituximab treatment. Background: NMO is characterized by potentially neurologically devastating episodes of longitudinally-extensive-transverse-myelitis (LETM) and optic neuritis. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20+ B-cells, has demonstrated efficacy in preventing NMO relapses. For NMO patients treated with Rituximab, maintenance of B-cell depletion is important, with increased relapse risk upon B-cell reconstitution. Design/Methods: CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old man with NMO presented for continued Rituximab treatment. His initial presentation eleven years prior included optic neuritis, followed later by LETM, after which he was found seropositive for aquaporin-4. He began Rituximab and was maintained on 700mg IV every five months (375mg/m2 * 1.86m2), remaining clinically stable with CD19+ cells Results: We illustrate the case of an NMO patient who had undergone Rituximab treatment for over ten years and developed eventual resistance to B-cell depletion. While B-cell re-emergence is concerning for potential relapses, he has remained relapse-free since reconstitution. Conclusions: Although B-cell therapy has gained favor for the treatment of several neuroimmunological conditions such as NMO and multiple sclerosis, the long term effects of decades of chronic treatment are unknown. Delayed resistance to B-cell depletion has not been previously reported but may grow more frequent as chronic use of B-cell therapies becomes more commonplace. The mechanisms by which resistance might occur will be discussed. Disclosure: Dr. Harel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nursey has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stern has nothing to disclose. Dr. Najjar has nothing to disclose.