cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dating buried glacier ice using cosmogenic 3He in surface clasts: Theory and application to Mullins Glacier, Antarctica

Abstract We develop a modeling framework to describe the accumulation of terrestrial cosmogenic 3 He in Antarctic debris-covered glaciers. The framework helps quantify the expected range in cosmogenic-nuclide inventories for measured clasts at the surface of supraglacial debris. We first delineate the physical factors that impact clast movement within, and on top of, debris-covered glaciers, including the effects of (1) ice ablation, (2) erosion at the debris surface, and (3) stochastic geomorphic processes that impact clast movement within and on top of supraglacial debris; we then explicitly calculate the impact of each process in altering the total inventory of cosmogenic nuclides in surface clasts. Assuming basic elements of ice-dynamics and debris entrainment are known, the model results provide an estimate for the total accumulation of cosmogenic nuclides, as well as the expected range in nuclide inventories, for any clast at the surface of debris-covered glaciers. Because the values are quantified, the approach can be applied to help evaluate the robustness of existing and future cosmogenic datasets applied to these systems. As a test, we applied our model framework towards Mullins Glacier, a cold-based debris-covered alpine glacier in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Our simulated values for cosmogenic-nuclide inventories compare well with those previously measured from fifteen surface cobbles along Mullins Glacier ( 3 He), both in terms of expected ranges and absolute values, and suggest that our model framework adequately incorporates most of the complicating factors that impact cosmogenic datasets for cold-based, debris-covered glaciers. Relating these cosmogenic-nuclide inventories to ice ages, the results show that ice within Mullins Glacier increases non-linearly, ranging from 12 ka to ∼220 ka in areas of active flow, to ≫1.6 Ma in areas of slow-moving-to-stagnant ice.
Surveys for Nosema Disease of Honey Bees in California

Two surveys were made of the major beekeeping areas of California to determine the distribution and incidence, in apiaries and individual colonies, of nosema disease, an infection of the adult honey bee, Apis mellifera L., by the protozoan parasite, Nosema apis Zander. A comparison was made of different sampling techniques using live and dead bees from inside and outside the hives and a mechanical sampler was constructed for collecting field bees from hive entrances. In 1955, 13.9% of the colonies sampled were infected and the disease was present in all areas of the state. In 1958, 85.4% of the colonies in four apiaries sampled were infected. From 0% to 63% of the field bees in individual colonies were infected. Infection decreased during the summer but was present into October. Environment did not seem to affect the level of infection among the colonies.
Improved Laboratory Techniques for Rearing California Red Scale on Lemons

Improved laboratory techniques for rearing the California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell), on lemons saved 80% of the time required for routine rearing and improved the keeping quality of lemons held as long as 18 weeks. Lemons are placed on saturated vermiculite in galvanized iron trays. A constant water table is maintained by a connecting water tank fitted with a float valve. Insecticide tests on scale-infested lemons on the modified trays provided results comparable to those obtained on the former Henderson trays. Lemons infested to perpetuate the laboratory culture (“reservoir” lemons) also are held on the trays of vermiculite. When crawlers begin to emerge, a paper cylinder is attached to the reservoir lemon with paraffin, and a fresh fruit is placed on the cylinder for infestation. A plexiglass frame fitted on the rearing tray supports the cylinders in a vertical position. The modified equipment has been adopted for use in the Riverside, California, laboratory of the Entomology Research Division, ARS.
Some considerations of excessive fetal development; a study of 144 cases.

Abstract 1. 1. A high level of suspicion is required if the diagnosis of excess fetal development is to be made, and the associated complications averted. 2. 2. The following factors should alert one to the possibility of excessive fetal development: 2.1. A. A large-statured multipara with a past history of babies weighing 4,500 grams or over. 2.2. B. Maternal weight gain in excess of 24 pounds over ideal nonpregnant weight. 2.3. C. Prolongation of pregnancy beyond 293 days post menstrual period. 2.4. D. Poor progress of labor in a patient with a good obstetrical history. 2.5. E. A palpably large fetus. 3. 3. Few women who are delivered of excessively developed infants will have diabetes at the time, but an appreciable number will develop diabetes in the future. 4. 4. When the fetus is large, labor is not usually prolonged and abnormal presentations are not common. 5. 5. Severe injury to the fetus is more frequent with excess development. Abdominal delivery seems preferable if there is a large fetus and a difficult vaginal termination is likely. 6. 6. Blood loss is frequently marked when the fetus is excessive and this constitutes a very real hazard to the mother. Anticipation of possible hemorrhage and the establishment of proper safeguards will do much to insure safe delivery of the mother with the large child.
A Multidimensional Approach to Characterizing Psychosocial Health During Pregnancy

Objectives Domains of psychosocial health have been separately connected to pregnancy outcomes. This study explores the relationship between five domains of psychosocial health and their joint association with prenatal health and pregnancy outcomes. Methods Women from a prospective cohort study in Durham, North Carolina were clustered based on measures of paternal support, perceived stress, social support, depression, and self-efficacy. Clusters were constructed using the K-means algorithm. We examined associations between psychosocial health and maternal health correlates, pregnancy intention, and pregnancy outcomes using Chi square tests and multivariable models. Results Three psychosocial health profiles were identified, with the first (Resilient; n = 509) characterized by low depression and perceived stress and high interpersonal support, paternal support, and self-efficacy. The second profile (Vulnerable; n = 278) was marked by high depression and perceived stress, and low interpersonal support, paternal support, and self-efficacy. The third profile (Moderate, n = 526) fell between the other profiles on all domains. Health correlates, pregnancy intention, and pregnancy outcomes varied significantly across profiles. Women with the vulnerable profile were more likely to have risky health correlates, have an unintended pregnancy, and deliver preterm. Women with the resilient profile had better birth outcomes and fewer deleterious health correlates, preconception and prenatally. Conclusions We posit that vulnerable psychosocial health, deleterious health correlates, and the stress which often accompanies pregnancy may interact to magnify risk during pregnancy. Identifying and intervening with women experiencing vulnerable psychosocial health may improve outcomes for women and their children.
Survey on outdoor activities and interval eye using among primary school students in Hongkou district in Shanghai

Objective To understand outdoor activities and interval eye using among primary school students in Hongkou district,and to provide bases for myopia prevention and health education.Methods A total of 1 609 grade three and four students from six schools were selected by randomly cluster samping.Their outdoor activities and interval eye using during recess periods,lunch breack,physical education(PE) class,and after school were investigated.Results The ratios of students who participated in outdoor activities during recess periods,lunch break,PE,after school on Monday to Thursday and Friday were 35.6%,9.8%,82.5%,38.6% and 52.5%.The proportion of boys taking part in outdoor activities during recess periods was higher than girls,the rate of outdoor activities in key school students was higher than normal school students(P 0.05).The percentages of teachers giving lessons in recess,not allowing students to play at the corridor and outside of the building during recess periods were 59.8%,24.8% and 75.0%.The percentages of teachers giving lessons and let students do school work during lunch break were 48.9% and 79.7%.The percentage of teachers giving lessons on PE class was 71.0%.The percentage of going home after school by parents' car was 49.9%,walking home was 36.8%,by bicycle was 2.5%.Conclusion The ratio of outdoor activities of primary school students in Hongkou district is low.What's more,the phenomenon of teachers giving lessons during break is serious.It needs to strengthen the management of school,and strengthen health education to parents.
Is There An Immunologic Component to the Fibrositis Syndrome

PFS is an enigmatic disorder whose etiology remains largely unknown. Its clinical spectrum probably encompasses a heterogeneous group of patients displaying multifactorial symptomatology. Recent evaluation of PFS patients, on both a clinical and laboratory basis, suggests that there is a subpopulation of these patients who exhibit a low grade connective tissue disorder. This group of patients exhibit many of the clinical features expected with rheumatic diseases such as SLE and Sjogren's syndrome. They can be distinguished on a clinical basis from other PFS patients and from patients with the CEBV syndrome. Their disease may be disablingly painful and resistant to many therapeutic modalities. Results of newer information reviewed here suggests that these patients may have EVP on the basis of a peripheral, low grade, quasi-inflammatory process that may have a neurologic and an immune dysregulatory component. The implications of such a mechanism of injury are profound and potentially impact on the treatment of this group of patients.
Brief Report: Healing Touch Consults at a Tertiary Care Children’s Hospital

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Components of complementary and alternative medicine are increasingly being implemented at academic medical centers. These approaches include therapeutic touch or healing touch (HT), an energy-based therapy using light touch on or near the body. Limited data exist regarding complementary and alternative medicine use at children’s hospitals. The aim of this study was to evaluate patterns and clinical characteristics of HT consultations among children hospitalized at Nemours/A.I. duPont Hospital for Children. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients hospitalized from January 2012 through December 2013, comparing patients who received HT consultations with those who did not. RESULTS: There were 25 396 admissions during the study period; 882 (4%) of these, representing 593 individual patients, received an HT consultation. As compared with those without an HT consultation, patients receiving HT were older (median 12 years vs 5 years, P CONCLUSIONS: Certain patients, such as those with longer hospitalizations and more medical problems, were more likely to receive HT consultations. Many patients received multiple consultations, suggesting that HT may be an important aspect of ongoing care for hospitalized children.
Lymphovascular invasion is associated with survival for papillary thyroid cancer

Data are limited regarding the association between tumor lymphovascular invasion and survival for patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). This study sought to examine lymphovascular invasion as an independent prognostic factor for patients with PTC undergoing thyroid resection. The National Cancer Data Base (2010-2011) was queried for patients with PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy or lobectomy. Patients were classified into two groups based on the presence/absence of lymphovascular invasion. Demographic, clinical and pathological features were evaluated for all patients. A Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to identify factors associated with survival. Results show that 45,415 patients met inclusion criteria; 11.6% had lymphovascular invasion. Patients with lymphovascular invasion were more likely to have larger tumors (2.8cm vs 1.5cm, P<0.01), metastatic lymph nodes (74.1% vs 32.5%, P<0.01), and distant metastases (3.0% vs 0.5%, P<0.01). They were also more likely to receive radioactive iodine (69.3% vs 44.9%, P<0.01). Unadjusted overall 5-year survival was lower for patients who had tumors with lymphovascular invasion (86.6% vs 94.5%) (log-rank P<0.01). After adjustment, increasing patient age (HR=1.06, P<0.01), male gender (HR=1.68, P<0.01), presence of metastatic lymph nodes (HR=1.77, P<0.01), distant metastases (HR=3.49, P<0.01), and lymphovascular invasion (HR=1.88, P<0.01) were associated with compromised survival. For patients with lymphovascular invasion, treatment with RAI was associated with reduced mortality (HR=0.43, P<0.01). The presence of lymphovascular invasion among patients with PTC is independently associated with compromised survival. Patients who have PTC with lymphovascular invasion should be considered higher risk, and adjuvant RAI should be more strongly considered.
Trends in the Mechanistic and Dynamic Modeling of Infectious Diseases

The dynamics of infectious disease epidemics are driven by interactions between individuals with differing disease status (e.g., susceptible, infected, immune). Mechanistic models that capture the dynamics of such "dependent happenings" are a fundamental tool of infectious disease epidemiology. Recent methodological advances combined with access to new data sources and computational power have resulted in an explosion in the use of dynamic models in the analysis of emerging and established infectious diseases. Increasing use of models to inform practical public health decision making has challenged the field to develop new methods to exploit available data and appropriately characterize the uncertainty in the results. Here, we discuss recent advances and areas of active research in the mechanistic and dynamic modeling of infectious disease. We highlight how a growing emphasis on data and inference, novel forecasting methods, and increasing access to "big data" are changing the field of infectious disease dynamics. We showcase the application of these methods in phylodynamic research, which combines mechanistic models with rich sources of molecular data to tie genetic data to population-level disease dynamics. As dynamics and mechanistic modeling methods mature and are increasingly tied to principled statistical approaches, the historic separation between the infectious disease dynamics and "traditional" epidemiologic methods is beginning to erode; this presents new opportunities for cross pollination between fields and novel applications.
CHAPTER 37 – Shape and Size of an Osteoporotic Woman

In men and women, the combination of aging and reduction of physical activity can affect musculoskeletal health and contribute to the development of bone fragility. In general, women's muscle strength and bone mineral density at any time in life are significantly lower than those of men. The level of bone mass in adults depends on the peak bone mass acquired during skeletal maturity and on the rate of bone loss thereafter. Postural changes due to loss of bone, muscle mass, and back strength are more significant in women with increasing age and decreased physical activity, as are skeletal deformities. Muscle loss may contribute to osteoporosis because muscle mass is directly related to bone mass. Women who have osteoporosis also perform strenuous daily physical activities. Therefore, it is not surprising that small-framed osteoporotic individuals experience compression fractures during their activities of daily living. Osteoporosis can affect women and men of all shapes and sizes. However, individuals of small frame and lower muscle and bone mass can be affected even more.
The ‘Summarized Exhibition’ of ‘The Coxon Fund’

James’s thinking about ‘The Coxon Fund’ began in his response to the Dykes Campbell biography of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. He was struck by the interest of the Coleridge ‘type’ — a man of genius who is, nevertheless, undisciplined, unproductive, and socially and morally objectionable. Though he found Campbell’s book good he thought it would have been better with more attention to ‘the power of evocation’. The Coleridge character was ‘a wonderful, admirable figure — for a pictorial treatment’ (Notebooks, ed. Matthiessen and Murdock, 1961, p. 152).
ID 8 – Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in chronic anxiety and depression

Objective Presenting the case of a gentleman with chronic treatment resistant depression (TRD) and social anxiety disorder, who first failed ECT and left sided high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) but then responded to right sided low frequency rTMS in order to highlight the therapeutic potential of right sided rTMS for the treatment of TRD with co-morbid anxiety. Methods 44 year old married mixed race male with primary symptoms of chronic sadness, deep sense of worthlessness and hopelessness, irritability, anergia, poor concentration, intermittent suicidal ideation and anxiety. Since the mid 1990s, he’s had adequate trials of multiple psychotropic medications and psychotherapy. Twenty sessions of bilateral ECT offered no therapeutic benefit. He thus began left unilateral, high frequency (10 Hz) rTMS. Results Using the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), his initial score was 28. He received 32 left sided treatments, but failed to respond. He was switched to right sided rTMS and after 20 sessions his MADRS score decreased to 9. He has been continued on maintenance rTMS therapy monthly and remains in remission. Conclusion This case illustrates that if left sided high frequency rTMS proves ineffective, then right sided, low frequency treatment should be considered in patients suffering with chronic depression and anxiety.
Flat choroidal melanoma masquerading as central serous chorioretinopathy

There are several mimickers of choroidal melanoma. We report a patient with recent family stress who developed blurred vision to 20/50 OD and was found to have unilateral central serous chorioretinopathy and a coincidental choroidal nevus. After 1 year without resolution of the subretinal fluid, the patient was referred for our opinion. On examination, visual acuity was 20/50 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. The left eye was normal. Evaluation of the right eye showed a small, pigmented submacular choroidal lesion measuring 4 mm × 3 mm. Ultrasonography documented an isoechoic mass measuring 1.71 mm in thickness. Optical coherence tomography showed subretinal fluid with shaggy photoreceptors and hyper-reflective material within the subretinal fluid, likely indicative of lipofuscin within macrophages. Autofluorescence revealed orange pigment overlying the lesion. These features were strongly suggestive of small choroidal melanoma with five risk factors for tumor growth. Treatment with Iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy was performed on the patient. The readers should keep in mind that choroidal melanoma can manifest as a tiny choroidal mass with related multimodal imaging features of subretinal fluid and orange pigment.
Low Blood Pressure is Associated with Greater Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Treated Adults with and without Apparent Treatment Resistant Hypertension

Apparent treatment-resistant hypertension (aTRH) may confound the reported relationship between low blood pressure (BP) and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) in treated hypertensive patients. Incident CVD was assessed in treated hypertensive patients with and without aTRH (BP ≥140 and/or ≥90 mm Hg on ≥3 medications or <140/<90 mm Hg on ≥4 BP medications) at three BP levels: 1: <120 and/or <70 mm Hg and <140/<90 mm Hg; 2: 120-139/70-89 mm Hg; and 3: ≥140 and/or ≥90 mm Hg. Electronic health data were matched to emergency and hospital claims for incident CVD in 118 356 treated hypertensive patients. In adults with and without aTRH, respectively, CVD was greater in level 1 versus level 2 (multivariable hazard ratio, 1.88 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70-2.07]; 1.71 [95% CI, 1.59-1.84]), intermediate in level 1 versus level 3 (hazard ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.21-1.44]; 0.99, [95% CI, 0.92-1.07]), and lowest in level 2 versus level 3 (hazard ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.65-0.76]; 0.58, [95% CI, 0.54-0.62]). Low treated BP was associated with more CVD than less stringent BP control irrespective of aTRH.
Abstract P044: Pleiotropic Effect of a <42.5 kb QTL Region on Rat Chromosome 10 Regulating Blood Pressure and Tumorigenesis

This study is focused on a translationally significant, GWAS locus for cardiovascular disease (QT-interval) on human chromosome 17. We have already validated and high resolution mapped the homologous genomic segment of this human locus to <42.5 kb on rat chromosome 10. The locus in rats regulates both QT-interval and blood pressure and contains a single protein-coding gene, rififylin (Rffl). While there are no exonic variants, the expression of Rffl is differential between Dahl S and S.LEW congenic rats, which are strains used for mapping this locus. A previous study points to altered rate of endocytic recycling as the underlying mechanism, through which Rffl operates to control both cardiac QT-intervals and blood pressure. Rffl also contributes to tumorigenesis by negatively regulating caspases and tumor suppressor genes. Moreover, the expression of Methyl-CpG Binding Domain Protein 2 (Mbd2) is also differential between Dahl S and S.LEW congenic rats and Mbd2 can mediate the repression of methylated tumor suppressor genes. Therefore, we hypothesized that the higher expression of Rffl and Mbd2 render the S.LEW congenic strain more susceptible to tumor development. To compare the tumor susceptibility between S and S.LEW congenic strain, azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumorigenesis was assessed. The number of colon tumors was significantly higher in the congenic strain compared with the S rat (p<0.01). Interestingly, the incidence of another phenotype, polyarteris nodosa (PAN), was also higher in the congenic strain. However, the identity of the quantitative trait nucleotides that regulates the expression of Rffl and Mbd2 is unknown. A novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which we refer to as Rffl-lnc1, was identified within the rat Rffl 5’UTR intron locus. Compared to the S rat, the Lewis alleles of Rffl-lnc1 are polymorphic, with a large 19bp deletion. To further assess the role of Rffl-lnc1, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been successfully applied to construct a Rffl-lnc1 knock-out model of the S rat and a 19bp knock-in rescue model of the S.LEW congenic strain. Functional evaluation of these targeted disruption and rescue models is underway to test the physiological role of Rffl-lnc1 and the 19bp polymorphism in regulating blood pressure and tumorigenesis.
The Chicago Defender: Its Representations & Uplift Project During the First World War

The same American war narrative has been repeated to students for generations. In studying the worldwars, we learn about the young, white male soldiers training in American camps before being shipped overseas to Europe. We learn about the young white females in the Red Cross, working in hospitals at home anddistributing donuts to the soldiers abroad. We learn about the mobilization efforts in America--the foodconservation campaigns and the patriotic anthems. These are the stories that show up on the covers of American history textbooks--the ones that have remained prominent in the American narrative. In order to find alternative narratives, one must look to sources that have gone unnoticed by the majority. One must look to the historiesnot just about the people on the margins of society, but also to the histories told by marginal and minority folk.With this purpose in mind, I have set out to researching an unsung narrative of American history during World War I. The Chicago Defender: Its Representations & Uplift Project During The First World War by Emilie Moran Woods is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Dynamics of Dwarf Galaxies Disfavor Stellar-Mass Black Holes as Dark Matter

We study the effects of black hole dark matter on the dynamical evolution of stars in dwarf galaxies. We find that mass segregation leads to a depletion of stars in the center of dwarf galaxies and the appearance of a ring in the projected stellar surface density profile. Using Segue 1 as an example we show that current observations of the projected surface stellar density rule out at the 99.9% confidence level the possibility that more than 6% of the dark matter is composed of black holes with a mass of few tens of solar masses.
Optimized Design of a Human Intranet Network

We address the design space exploration of wireless body area networks for wearable and implantable technologies, a task that is increasingly challenging as the number and variety of devices per person grow. Our method efficiently decomposes the problem into smaller subproblems by coordinating specialized analysis and optimization techniques. We leverage mixed integer linear programming to generate candidate network configurations based on coarse energy estimations. Accurate discrete-event simulation is used to check the feasibility of the proposed configurations under reliability constraints and guide the search to achieve fast convergence. Numerical results show that our application-specific approach substantially reduces the exploration time with respect to generic optimization techniques and helps provide clear identification of promising solutions.
Rodent Mismatch Negativity/theta Neuro-Oscillatory Response as a Translational Neurophysiological Biomarker for N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor-Based New Treatment Development in Schizophrenia

Deficits in the generation of auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) generation are among the most widely replicated neurophysiological abnormalities in schizophrenia and are linked to underlying dysfunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated neurotransmission. Here, we evaluate physiological properties of rodent MMN, along with sensitivity to NMDAR agonist and antagonist treatments, relative to known patterns of dysfunction in schizophrenia. Epidural neurophysiological responses to frequency and duration deviants, along with responses to standard stimuli, were obtained at baseline and following 2 and 4 weeks’ treatment in rats treated with saline, phencyclidine (PCP, 15 mg/kg/d by osmotic minipump), or PCP+glycine (16% by weight diet) interventions. Responses were analyzed using both event-related potential (ERP) and neuro-oscillatory (evoked power) approaches. At baseline, rodent duration MMN was associated with increased theta (θ)-frequency response similar to that observed in humans. PCP significantly reduced rodent duration MMN (p<0.001) and θ-band (p<0.01) response. PCP effects were prevented by concurrent glycine treatment (p<0.01 vs PCP alone). Effects related to stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA) were observed primarily in the alpha (α) and beta (β) frequency ranges. PCP treatment also significantly reduced α-frequency response to standard stimuli while increasing θ-band response, reproducing the pattern of deficit observed in schizophrenia. Overall, we demonstrate that rodent duration MMN shows neuro-oscillatory signature similar to human MMN, along with sensitivity to the NMDAR antagonist and agonist administration. These findings reinforce recent human studies linking MMN deficits to θ-band neuro-oscillatory dysfunction and support utility of rodent duration MMN as a translational biomarker for investigation of mechanisms underlying impaired local circuit function in schizophrenia.
Structural Properties of the Intrinsic Muscles of the Malpighian Tubules of the Female Stable Fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L.

The four Malpighian tubules of the female stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L., were divided into an anterior dorsal and a posterior ventral pair. A marked structural divergence existed between the d...
Harford Voices: An Oral History Exhibit

Harford Voices is an online exhibit featuring video excerpts from oral histories about the 1960s and reflections from the Harford Community College (HCC) students who conducted the interviews. Pres...
Living Arrangements for Sex Offenders in Ohio: Effects of Economics, Law, and Government Assistance Programs:

Throughout the United States, Sex Offender Registration and Notification (SORN) laws have created housing issues for registered sex offenders (RSOs). As a result of SORN, many RSOs may need to rely...
Inflammation and Depression: the Neuroimmune Connection

To update clinicians on the field of psychoneuroimmunology with respect to depression. A significant subset of patients with depression may have illness to which dysfunction of the immune system, typically viewed as inflammation, makes a significant contribution. Normal sickness behavior may sometimes manifest abnormally as mood episodes. Early evidence suggests that interventions that reduce inflammation may improve symptoms in these patients and that they may also respond differently to standard pharmacotherapy. Treatment of patients with depression should consider inflammatory status, as part of medical and psychiatric health. Recommendations for healthy diet and exercise are important for all patients but may be more important for patients who have clinical evidence of inflammation. Methods of identifying patients in the inflammatory subgroup and treating them with therapy targeted specifically at the immune system are still experimental but likely to impact care for depression in the future.
EXERCISE CAPACITY WITH HOME BASED AND CENTER BASED CARDIAC REHABILITATION WITHIN 1 YEAR FOLLOW UP: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Home based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been introduced to maximize participation as compared to center based CR. We aim to provide an updated meta-analysis comparing the effect on exercise capacity within groups with 1 year follow up PUBMED/ EMBASE/ SCOPUS databases were searched for randomized
Perceived Benefits of Anatomy Coursework Prior to Medical and Dental School.

Student struggles in gross anatomy coursework at the professional level can result in hours of remediation along with a need to allot time and other resources by both the student and the faculty. Since this course typically occurs in the first semester of the first year, programs can turn to admissions data to try to determine which of these students may struggle. This study looked at two years of medical (n = 280) and dental (n = 78) students to determine if there is a relationship between pre-admissions anatomy coursework and performance in gross anatomy at the professional school level. Students provided data regarding their past anatomy coursework and final grades in professional school gross anatomy courses were obtained. In addition, students responded to questions regarding their feelings of preparation and how they valued the prior anatomy coursework as it related to the professional course. Statistical analysis showed no difference in final course grade between students with and without prior anatomy in either program. Counter to the numerical data, 96.6% of the students in the study recommended an anatomy course prior to pursuing a health science degree. The primary reasons given for this recommendation were the benefits of repeated content exposure, knowledge of the anatomy terminology, and decreased stress regarding the course. The results from this study suggest that the benefits of prior anatomy may be seen more in the students' stress and quality of life rather in the numerical performance of course grades.
Fear of Fraudulence: Graduate School Program Environments and the Impostor Phenomenon

Those who suffer from impostorism experience feelings of fraudulence, worrying that they are fooling others about their abilities and that they will eventually be exposed. While prior research emph...
Atmospheric Compensation of Hyperspectral Data: An Overview and Review of In-Scene and Physics-Based Approaches

In this tutorial overview, we examine atmospheric compensation of hyperspectral data in the visible and nearinfrared (VNIR)-short-wave infrared (SWIR) region. The background is discussed, including the motivation for and a brief history of image compensation. Atmospheric characteristics are presented to highlight important optical effects that must be mitigated (i.e., atmospheric absorption and scattering). A full radiative transfer (RT) expression with simplifications is presented, resulting in formulations that are solved in terms of reflectance.
The German War in the East: The Radical Variant of Fascist War

Rutherford examines the war effort of Nazi Germany within the context of fascist war. The chapter highlights the development of two different approaches to war within the Third Reich: the ideological, fascist war waged by the Nazi state against the civilian populations of Eastern Europe and the mechanized war that emerged from the army’s total war approach. Rutherford demonstrates that while these two conceptions of war initially clashed during the war, the 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union led to a convergence that reached its full potential during 1943/1944. In combination, these two approaches culminated in a particularly German version of fascist war that proved more radical than other variants.
Pediatric glioma and medulloblastoma risk and population demographics: a Poisson regression analysis

Author(s): Muskens, Ivo S; Feng, Qianxi; Francis, Stephen S; Walsh, Kyle M; Mckean-Cowdin, Roberta; Gauderman, William J; de Smith, Adam J; Wiemels, Joseph L | Abstract: BackgroundThe incidence of pediatric brain tumors varies by race and ethnicity, but these relationships may be confounded by socioeconomic status (SES). In this study, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database was evaluated for associations between race/ethnicity and pediatric glioma and medulloblastoma risk with adjustment for SES.MethodsPediatric glioma and medulloblastoma cases from the SEER database (years: 2000-2016) were included. Differences in incidence rates by ethnicity, sex, age, and SES-related factors were evaluated by calculation of age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIRs) and annual percent change (APC). SES-related factors (percentage without less than high school graduation, median household income, and percentage foreign-born) were derived from the census at the county-level (year: 2000). Multivariable Poisson regression models with adjustment for selected covariates were constructed to evaluate risk factors.ResultsThe highest AAIRs of pediatric glioma were observed among non-Hispanic Whites (AAIR: 2.91 per 100 000, 95%-CI: 2.84-2.99). An increasing incidence of pediatric glioma by calendar time was observed among non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks (APC: 0.97%, 95%-CI: 0.28-1.68 and APC: 1.59%, 95%-CI: 0.03-3.18, respectively). Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity was associated with lower risk when compared with non-Hispanic White (incidence rate ratios [IRRs]: 0.66, 95%-CI: 0.63-0.70; and 0.69, 95%-CI: 0.65-0.74, respectively). For medulloblastoma, the highest AAIR was observed for non-Hispanic Whites with a positive APC (1.52%, 95%-CI: 0.15-2.91). Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks had statistically significant lower IRRs compared with non-Hispanic Whites (IRRs: 0.83, 95%-CI: 0.73-0.94; and 0.72, 95%-CI: 0.59-0.87, respectively).ConclusionNon-Hispanic White race/ethnicity was associated with higher pediatric glioma and medulloblastoma IRRs in models with adjustments for SES.
Local destruction from distant action

Discussion on the identification of an osteoclast precursor population, which emerges in the bone marrow after systemic infection with a periodontal pathogen.
Decaying dark matter, the H 0 tension, and the lithium problem

It has long been known that the sharpened tension between the observed and inferred values of the Hubble constant ${H}_{0}$ can be alleviated if a fraction of dark-matter particles of type $\ensuremath{\chi}$ were produced nonthermally in association with photons $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ through the decays of a heavy and relatively long-lived state, viz., $X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\chi}\ensuremath{\gamma}$. It was recently proposed that this model can also resolve the long-standing lithium (also known as $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$) problem if $M=4\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$ and $m=0.04\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}$, where $M$ and $m$ are, respectively, the masses of $X$ and $\ensuremath{\chi}$. We confront this proposal with experiment and demonstrate that cold dark matter decaying before recombination cannot resolve the ${H}_{0}$ problem. Moreover, we show that the best-case scenario for alleviating the ${H}_{0}$ tension within the context of cold dark matter decaying before recombination arises when the particles decay exclusively into dark radiation, while leaving completely unmodified the production of light elements. To this end, we calculate the general functional form describing the number of equivalent light neutrino species $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{N}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ carried by $\ensuremath{\chi}$. We show that to resolve the ${H}_{0}$ tension at the $1\ensuremath{\sigma}$ level, a 55% correction in $m$ is needed and that the required $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{N}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ is excluded at 95% C.L. by Planck data. We argue in favor of a more complex model of dynamical dark matter to relax the ${H}_{0}$ tension.
Production of carbon clusters C3 to C12 with a cryogenic buffer-gas beam source

Cryogenic buffer-gas beam sources are capable of producing intense beams of a wide variety of molecules and have a number of advantages over traditional supersonic expansion sources. In this work, we report on a neon matrix isolation study of carbon clusters produced with a cryogenic buffer-gas beam source. Carbon clusters created by laser ablation of graphite are trapped in a neon matrix and detected with a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer in the spectral range 4000-1000 cm-1. Through a study of carbon cluster production as a function of various system parameters, we characterize the behavior of the buffer-gas beam source and find that approximately 1011-1012 of each cluster is produced with each pulse of the ablation laser. These measurements demonstrate the usefulness of cryogenic buffer-gas beam sources for producing molecular beams of clusters.
A Graphic short form for recording milking system analysis

The Machine Milking Committee of the National Mastitis Council has recommended a new protocol for evaluating milking machine performance which requires updating of current milking system analysis forms. Although several short forms are available for use it was felt desirable by Goodger and Buelow to have a form that would be a visual graphic diagram of the system being analyzed and provide areas for recording results. This form could be used by practitioners and also as a teaching tool for students. The idea for the visual form was first presented by Buelow in some visual aids developed for a scientific presentation.
Initial Training, Credentialing, and Quality Assurance/Quality Improvement Processes

This chapter discusses issues related to initial training, creating a credentialing process, and developing a quality improvement and assurance program. Any program using ultrasound must ensure that all providers have had sufficient initial training. This training should be evaluated during the credentialing process and must meet the standards of the program. A quality assurance and improvement program is important to monitor the quality of studies obtained and ensure that the images are appropriately interpreted.
Mechanic's Hands.

Mechanic’s Hands A 37-year-old man presented with painful, thickened, and cracked skin on his fingertips, which was associated with weakness of the proximal hip and shoulder muscles. The dermatolog...
Temporal Learning in Video Data Using Deep Learning and Gaussian Processes

This paper presents an approach for data-driven modeling of hidden, stationary temporal dynamics in sequential images or videos using deep learning and Bayesian non-parametric techniques. In particular, a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to extract spatial features in an unsupervised fashion from individual images and then, a Gaussian process is used to model the temporal dynamics of the spatial features extracted by the deep CNN. By decomposing the spatial and temporal components and utilizing the strengths of deep learning and Gaussian processes for the respective sub-problems, we are able to construct a model that is able to capture complex spatio-temporal phenomena while using relatively small number of free parameters. The proposed approach is tested on high-speed grey-scale video data obtained of combustion flames in a swirl-stabilized combustor, where certain protocols are used to induce instability in combustion process. The proposed approach is then used to detect and predict the transition of the combustion process from stable to unstable regime. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach is able to detect unstable flame conditions using very few frames from high-speed video. This is useful as early detection of unstable combustion can lead to better control strategies to mitigate instability. Results from the proposed approach are compared and contrasted with several baselines and recent work in this area. The performance of the proposed approach is found to be significantly better in terms of detection accuracy, model complexity and lead-time to detection.
Sound in the Courtroom: Audio Recordings at Trial

This Article addresses the various complexities of using audio recordings at trial, ranging from foundational elements to potential objections from opposing counsel. This Article also articulates voice identification and the importance of the use of transcripts to audio recordings. Furthermore, this Article provides practical and important considerations for use of audio recordings at trial.
Managing Data Quality Indicators with Paradata Based Statistical Quality Control Tools: The Keys to Survey Performance

Survey data and the paradata that describe how they were collected can be thought of as emerging from a system of interdependent processes, each of which includes individual moving parts. There is the recruitment process, during which units are sampled and approached for participation. From those approaches, case dispositions, like “Completed Survey,” or “Doorstep Refusal,” become paradata that describe this phase of the data collection system. There is the process ofmeasuring the participating sample units, which produces paradata in the form of keystroke files and time stamps that yeild measures of question duration and interview pace. Recording, plotting, and monitoring the paradata produced by these operations offers opportunities to control these processes. Using paradata this way to manage survey data collection can lead to more efficient operations that produce higher quality data at lower cost (Groves and Heeringa, 2006). This chapter discusses opportunities and challenges for survey analytics, quality control, and quality assurance using paradata. It covers the role of statistical process and quality control concepts in paradata-based quality control and assurance programs, as well as an overview of key performance indicators (KPIs) derived from paradata (e.g., interviews per hour, daily completion rate, or average interview duration). It focuses on how to develop and use control charts and related
Physiological and anatomical studies of the interactions between Purkinje cells and basket cells in the cat's cerebellar cortex: evidence for a unitary relationship

Intracellular recordings have been obtained from neurons in lobule V of the cat's vermis, which were identified as basket cells following intracellular injections of HRP. Stimulation of the inferior cerebellar peduncle or peripheral nerves elicited an initial depolarizing and subsequent hyperpolarizing response. Neither potential could be graded with changes in stimulus intensity; both displayed all-or-none properties at threshold levels of stimulation. The depolarization and hyperpolarization were confirmed as an excitatory postsynaptic potential and an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP), respectively, on the basis of their response to intracellular injections of hyperpolarizing and depolarizing currents into the cell body. A possible source of the unitary IPSP is the Purkinje cell, via its recurrent axonal collaterals. To test this hypothesis, an electron microscopic analysis was carried out to define the synaptic relationships between the recurrent collaterals of an HRP-filled Purkinje cell and 3 basket cells. Serial section analysis reveals that collaterals from a single Purkinje cell contact several basket cells, but each basket cell received somatic input from only one Purkinje cell. These data provide an anatomical substrate for the unitary IPSP observed during intracellular recording from basket cells. The unitary nature of the Purkinje cell-basket cell interaction indicates that a very limited population of cortical neurons may be involved in local circuits that integrate afferent information in the cerebellar cortex.
(Z)‐1‐Methoxy‐1‐buten‐3‐yne

[3685-19-0] C5H6O (MW 82.11) InChI = 1S/C5H6O/c1-3-4-5-6-2/h1,4-5H,2H3/b5-4- InChIKey = VTWTUVLDYHBQTC-PLNGDYQASA-N (convenient building block for synthesis of spiroacetals, dialkynes, enones, and dienes) Physical Data: bp 52 °C/28 mmHg. Solubility: slightly sol H2O; sol standard organic solvents. Form Supplied in: 50 wt % solution in methanol–water. Purification: can be obtained anhydrous by saturation of the solution of 1-methoxy-1-buten-3-yne in methanol–water with solid NaCl followed by extraction with ether and distillation under reduced pressure (52 °C/28 mmHg). Handling, Storage, and Precautions: store under nitrogen.
A universal reference sample derived from clone vector for improved detection of differential gene expression

Using microarrays by co-hybridizing two samples labeled with different dyes enables differential gene expression measurements and comparisons across slides while controlling for within-slide variability. Typically one dye produces weaker signal intensities than the other often causing signals to be undetectable. In addition, undetectable spots represent a large problem for two-color microarray designs and most arrays contain at least 40% undetectable spots even when labeled with reference samples such as Stratagene's Universal Reference RNAs™. We introduce a novel universal reference sample that produces strong signal for all spots on the array, increasing the average fraction of detectable spots to 97%. Maximizing detectable spots on the reference image channel also decreases the variability of microarray data allowing for reliable detection of smaller differential gene expression changes. The reference sample is derived from sequence contained in the parental EST clone vector pT7T3D-Pac and is called vector RNA (vRNA). We show that vRNA can also be used for quality control of microarray printing and PCR product quality, detection of hybridization anomalies, and simplification of spot finding and segmentation tasks. This reference sample can be made inexpensively in large quantities as a renewable resource that is consistent across experiments. Results of this study show that vRNA provides a useful universal reference that yields high signal for almost all spots on a microarray, reduces variation and allows for comparisons between experiments and laboratories. Further, it can be used for quality control of microarray printing and PCR product quality, detection of hybridization anomalies, and simplification of spot finding and segmentation tasks. This type of reference allows for detection of small changes in differential expression while reference designs in general allow for large-scale multivariate experimental designs. vRNA in combination with reference designs enable systems biology microarray experiments of small physiologically relevant changes.