cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Corrections to “Cyclotomic Polynomials and Factorization Theorems”

(1981). Corrections to “Cyclotomic Polynomials and Factorization Theorems”. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 88, No. 5, pp. 338-339.
LSPR Imaging of Silver Triangular Nanoprisms: Correlating Scattering with Structure Using Electrodynamics for Plasmon Lifetime Analysis

Here, an investigation into the optical response of truncated and nontruncated Ag triangular nanoprisms is presented. Single particle darkfield microspectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are performed to obtain an overview of the relationship between plasmonic properties and nanoparticle structure. A general framework is built to describe the optical response (resonant wavelength λmax and full width at half maximum (fwhm)) of triangle nanoprisms in a size regime (60–140 nm edge length) that has not been investigated previously at this level of detail. The discrete dipole approximation is used to infer the thickness of individual nanoprisms from λmax measurements, thereby determining three-dimensional structures derived from two-dimensional TEM images. This additional structural information allowed the various contributions to the fwhm to be deconvoluted and analyzed. It is shown that electron-interface scattering, radiative damping, and bulk damping each make similar contributions to the...
Radiation-Associated Angiosarcoma of the Breast: What the Radiologist Needs to Know.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to describe the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of radiation-associated angiosarcoma (RAS) of the breast. CONCLUSION. Radiologists play an important role in the diagnosis of RAS, which may initially present clinically as erythema, ecchymosis, or skin thickening. Conventional imaging with mammography and ultrasound is less sensitive than MRI for the diagnosis of RAS. Follow-up CT is important to monitor treatment response.
Improvement of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of rice using gfp as a reporter gene

To improve the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation frequency of Japonica rice Wanjing 97,an orthogonal experiment L9(33) was designed to optimize the factors regulating rice genetic transformation,and the impacts of innoculum OD600,coculture temperature and coculture duration on transformation using gfp gene to monitor the expression of target gene were analyzed.Results showed that the optimal conditions for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Wanjing 97 were determined to be innoculum OD660 of 0.1,cocultured at 21℃-23℃ dark for 72 h.Under this condition,the rate of gfp-positive calli was up to 70.9%.The results suggested that gfp could be used as an effective reporter gene to improve rice genetic transformation.
Research Status of Network Attachment Subsystem in NGN

The Network Attachment Subsystem (NASS) is introduced into the Next Generation Networks (NGN) architecture to enable access-independent applications and create the support for normadism. The NASS provides user management at access level including user authentication,allocation of the IP address,and location management. ETSI Technical Body TISPAN has published NGN R1 that covers NASS architecture and interface protocol. There are several remaining issues that need to be addressed in the NASS. In TISPAN-NGN R2,the study of it will be focused on mobility and nomadism,and supporting multiple types of access networks.
Complications of Posterior Epistaxis

A study of 106 patients requiring posterior packing found a 46 percent rate of complications, many of them major, suggesting the need for caution in treatment.
VARIATION IN ARTIFICIAL HEART ACCELERATION AND SOUND PRODUCTION WITH PROSTHETIC VALVE SELECTION IN VITRO

In an attempt to explore methods to reduce total artificial heart (TAH) acceleration and sound production, in vitro measurements of TAH acceleration and sound were made when using a variety of prosthetic valves in a test ventricle. A miniature, uniaxial, high fidelity accelerometer was glued to the housing of a UTAH-100 left ventricle adjacent to the inflow and outflow ports and parallel to the axis of diaphragm excursion. A miniature, high fidelity contact microphone was glued to the opposite side of the ventricular housing between the inflow and outflow ports. Data was collected over a range of heart rates, ventricular filling volumes and control modes while using tilting disc valves (TDV) and polymer trileaflet valves (PTV). For both valve types, the peak systolic acceleration impulse was lower (approximately equal to 50%) when the ventricle was fully rather than partially filled and the peak diastolic acceleration impulse was lower (approximately equal to 50%) when the ventricle was fully rather than partially ejected. The magnitude of the acceleration with PTVs was approximately equal to 20x less than the TDVs (0.5 to 2.2 g vs. 10 to 49g). The magnitude of the sound production was also considerably less with the PTVs (28 to 49 db vs. 50 to 64 db). Diastolic acceleration and sound production was approximately twice the systolic value for the TDVs; the reserse was true for PTV sound production. These data demonstrate the substantial reduction in TAH impulse acceleration and sound production by selecting PTVs over TDSs. With PTVs, the TAH impulse acceleration is the same as the natural heart. Consequently, this ability to lower TAH acceleration and sound production to the level of the natural heart may lead to a reduction in component wear, patient discomfort and other undesirable consequences of TAH implantation.
A poster graph tracking system in private practice increased influenza immunization in elderly patients

Source Citation Buffington J, Bell KM, LaForce FM, and the Genesee Hospital Medical Staff. A target-based model for increasing influenza immunizations in private practice. J Gen Intern Med. 1991 Ma...
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry: real-time, proximal sample processing and ionization

The definition of ambient ionization is updated from “no sample preparation” to sample preparation proximal and in real time with the ionization and analysis step. We differentiate between ambient ionization methods and the direct and hyphenated techniques. Ambient ionization has been reviewed many times and we summarise some of the approaches that reviews have taken to categorize the many ambient ionization methods. Due to the large number of permutations, frequent redundancy and complexity of the 80+ techniques developed so far, none of the review classifications is successful in classifying all the ambient ionization methods based on the chosen scheme. Likewise our classification based on major sample preparation method also fails at finding a good category for every method, but it does highlight the central role that real-time, proximal sample preparation plays in ambient analysis.
Epidemiology of vitamin A and aerodigestive cancer.

During the last decade, there has been a steady progression of research on the dietary epidemiology of aerodigestive cancers, particularly as it relates to vitamin A and its precursor β-carotene. The research, which has involved multiple investigators employing a wide range of research strategies and has concerned several different tumor types and populations at risk, has made epidemiologic findings with implications for further research and public health intervention. The bulk of this research has centered on lung, esophageal, oral, and laryngeal cancers, and this research will be discussed below.
Mapping Outlets of Iowa Flood Center and National Water Center River Networks for Hydrologic Model Comparison

River networks based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data differ depending on the DEM resolution, accuracy, and algorithms used for network extraction. As spatial scale increases, the differences diminish. This study explores methods that identify the scale where networks obtained by different methods agree within some margin of error. The problem is relevant for comparing hydrologic models built around the two networks. An example is the need to compare streamflow prediction from the Hillslope Link Model (HLM) operated by the Iowa Flood Center (IFC) and the National Water Model (NWM) operated by the National Water Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The HLM uses landscape decomposition into hillslopes and channel links while the NWM uses the NHDPlus dataset as its basic spatial support. While the HLM resolves the scale of the NHDPlus, the outlets of the latter do not necessarily correspond to the nodes of the HLM model. The authors evaluated two methods to map the outlets of NHDPlus to outlets on the IFC network. The methods compare the upstream areas of the channels and their spatial location. Both methods displayed similar performance and identified matches for about 80% of the outlets with a tolerance of 10% in errors in the upstream area. As the aggregation scale increases, the number of matches also increases. At the scale of 100 km2, 90% of the outlets have matches with tolerance of 5%. The authors recommend this scale for comparing the HLM and NWM streamflow predictions.
Homage to Judge Tullio Treves

The common thread of Judge Treves’ opinions is that they reflect a deep interest in the coherence of the relationship between the Law of the Sea Convention and its dispute settlement procedures with substantive and institutional developments in international law outside the Convention. The author proffers the hypothesis that Tullio Treves believes that the ultimate vocation of the judge is the coherent management of the legal system itself.
Improved methods for nanoindentation Berkovich probe calibrations using fused silica

Improved methods are needed to improve the reliability and reporting of Berkovich probe calibrations. Current methods for calibrating machine compliance rely substantially on the subjectivity of the user to choose and exclude from the analysis nanoindentations below a threshold size that are affected by probe tip imperfections or the fused silica surface properties. Furthermore, it can be difficult to identify erroneous experimental data, such as those resulting from dirty or damaged probes. To help overcome these issues in Berkovich probe calibrations, a pre-nanoindentation liftoff analysis and systematic analysis of the Stone–Yoder–Sproul plot were developed. The utility of the analyses was demonstrated through analysis of experimental data. After correcting the fused silica data for machine compliance, the probe area function calibration was performed following established protocols. Finally, a concise protocol for reporting Berkovich probe calibration results was established to improve comparisons between experiments performed with different Berkovich probes.
Pain and Intercultural Communication

This chapter examines communication about chronic pain through the lens of intercultural communication. Intercultural communication as an anthropologic field offers a perspective that may heighten awareness of common pitfalls in communicating with people with pain. Also discussed are common relational subtexts in communication around pain, such as trust, power dynamics, legitimacy, and specialness. General strategies for dealing with these subtexts are presented in keeping with principles of intercultural communication.
Independent Variable Selection in Multiple Regression

The data analyst confronted with a large number of variables from which he must select a parsimonious subset, as independent variables in a multiple regression, is faced with a number of technical issues. What criterion should he use to judge the adequacy of his selection? What procedure should he use to select the subset of independent variables? How should he check for/guard against/correct for possible multicollinearity in his chosen set of independent variables?
Future Directions in Deep Brain Stimulation

Abstract Applications of deep brain stimulation (DBS) have evolved substantially since its first use in the human brain in the late 19th century. With DBS now the accepted standard of care for the treatment of movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD) and essential tremor, the potential neurocognitive side effects of stimulation are also better understood. A thorough preoperative neuropsychological evaluation of the patient is critical when considering the optimal stimulation target (e.g., subthalamic nucleus vs pallidal stimulation for PD treatment) and treatment plan (i.e., unilateral vs bilateral electrodes). Future directions in DBS for cognitive disorders primarily involve stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) and fornix. Outcomes from a phase 2 trial of fornix DBS for mild probable Alzheimer’s dementia have been published, with a phase 3 trial currently being planned, and phase 1 trials for NBM DBS are currently under way.
Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapies and New Treatment Paradigms for Axial Spondyloarthritis.

The purpose of this review is to educate the reader about the evolving classification of axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) and describe recent treatment data from clinical trials of medications with mechanisms of action other than TNF inhibition. The review will also address emerging treatment strategies for AxSpA. New and more sensitive classification schema for AxSpA find that the prevalence of the disease is more than twice that of the historic definition of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), when patients without radiographically observable damage to the sacroiliac joints are included. TNF inhibitors have shown efficacy in the full spectrum of disease. IL-17 inhibitors, e.g., secukinumab and ixekizumab and janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, have shown good efficacy and relatively good safety in radiographically defined AxSpA and are being tested in non-radiographic (nr) AxSpA. Several immunomodulatory medicines approved for psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis have not shown efficacy in AxSpA, highlighting the importance of conducting good-quality, placebo-controlled trials in this condition. Treatment strategies such as “treat to target” and tapering therapy are being studied. There remains a large unmet need to identify and adequately treat the full spectrum of AxSpA. The use of TNF inhibitors has improved our ability to achieve remission or low disease activity in AxSpA. Newer medicines with different mechanisms of action, e.g., IL-17 or JAK inhibition, are also showing similar ability. Continued research, including identification of new targets of treatment, is critical.
Students Shouldn’t Merely ‘Survive’ Medical School

A medical student reflects on what can be done to address mental illness among medical trainees.
Evidence for photoinduced sliding of the charge-order condensate in La 1.875 Ba 0.125 CuO 4

Electrons and holes in quantum materials often self-organize into ordered electronic phases, such as charge or spin density waves. These states are widely regarded as competing with superconductivity, and achieving their control could lead to higher superconducting transition temperatures. By using ultrafast optical and soft x-ray pulses, here, the authors observe a novel sliding state of the charge density wave in the cuprate superconductor La${}_{1.875}$Ba${}_{0.125}$CuO${}_{4}$, in which the condensate translates with respect to the lattice due to the ultrafast pump field.
Basal Insulin Initiation and Maintenance in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the United States.

Objective A survey of US adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus was conducted to better understand patients' insulin initiation experiences and treatment persistence behaviors. Research design and methods Participants were recruited from consumer panels and grouped by basal insulin treatment pattern: continuers (no gap of ≥7 days within 6 months of initiation); interrupters (gap ≥7 days, resumed treatment); discontinuers (stopped for ≥7 days, not resumed). A quota of approximately 50 respondents per persistence category was set. Results A total of 154 respondents (52 continuers, 52 interrupters, 50 discontinuers) completed the survey. Mean age was 51.4 years; 51.9% male. Continuers were more likely to report their views being considered during initiation, and less likely to report a sense of failure. Concerns included insulin dependence (64.3% agree/strongly agree), frequent blood glucose monitoring (55.2%), costs/ability to pay (53.9%), fears of or mistakes during self-injection (52.6%), and weight gain (52.6%). Continuers were motivated by benefits of insulin therapy; experienced or potential side effects were notable factors for interruption/discontinuation. Healthcare provider instruction was indicated as a reason for continuing, stopping, and restarting therapy. Conclusion Benefits of basal insulin therapy motivated continuers while side effects impacted interruption/discontinuation. Persistence on basal insulin is often influenced by provider actions. Earlier provider intervention upon signs of treatment discontinuation may promote persistence.
e+ e- annihilation into J/psi + J/psi.

Recent measurements by the Belle Collaboration of the exclusive production of two charmonia in ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation differ substantially from theoretical predictions. We suggest that a significant part of the discrepancy can be explained by the process ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J/\ensuremath{\psi}+J/\ensuremath{\psi}$. Because the $J/\ensuremath{\psi}+J/\ensuremath{\psi}$ production process can proceed through fragmentation of two virtual photons into two $c\overline{c}$ pairs, its cross section may be larger than that for $J/\ensuremath{\psi}+{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{c}$ by about a factor of 3.7, in spite of a suppression factor ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}/{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}^{2}$ that is associated with the QED and QCD coupling constants.
A two-trick pony: lysosomal protease cathepsin B possesses surprising ligase activity

Cathepsin B is an important protease within the lysosome, where it helps recycle proteins to maintain proteostasis. It is also known to degrade proteins elsewhere but has no other known functionality. However, by carefully monitoring peptide digestion with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, we observed synthesis of novel peptides during Cathepsin B incubations. This ligation activity was explored further with a variety of peptide substrates to establish mechanistic details and sequence specificity. It is clear that Cathepsin B can act as both a protease and ligase, although protease action eventually wins out.
Comparison of Linear and Rotary Electric Machine Topologies for a Hybrid Hydraulic Electric Architecture of Off-Highway Vehicles

Electrification of off-highway vehicles offers the benefits of improved energy efficiency, enhanced controllability, and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. However, progress towards electrification has been limited by the low power density of electric components compared to hydraulic components. A recently proposed hybrid hydraulic electric vehicle architecture provides a potential solution to these power density challenges by minimizing the required power rating of the electric components. This paper investigates the optimal design of linear and rotary electric machines for this new system architecture. Key performance metrics are identified for the electric machine, several variants of electric machines are analytically sized and compared for two different power levels, and an FEA-assisted design optimization is performed on promising candidates. Based on the optimization results, it is shown that an axial flux rotary machine is most suitable for implements requiring high power ratings, while the linear machines form factor makes it a compelling candidate for lower power implements.
Concussion increases CA1 activity during prolonged inactivity in a familiar environment

Although hippocampal damage plays a key role in impairments after concussion, differences in hippocampal information processing during recovery are unknown. Micro-endoscopic calcium imaging was performed before and after primary blast injury in freely behaving mice in two environments: their familiar home cage and a novel open field. Results show that after concussion CA1 activity increased in the familiar environment in which animals were awake and mostly immobile but was unaltered in a novel environment which the animals actively and constantly explored. As awake immobility parallels cognitive rest, a common treatment for patients, the results imply that prolonged cognitive rest may unwittingly impede concussion recovery.
Looking for the invisible: The use of anthracological analysis to reveal ritual acts in the eneolithic cremations of Puglia (SE Italy)

Abstract This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary study of the necropolis of Salve (Lecce-south Puglia-Italy), in which tumuli were used as funerary monuments from the mid-4th to the mid-3rd millennia BC. Both cremation and burial rituals are attested. The discovery of anthracological finds among the remains of cremations in the necropolis of Salve offered an opportunity to study the role of plants in the funerary rituals of the Eneolithic communities of Puglia. The anthracological analysis sought to reconstruct the phases of the cremation ritual not directly visible at the site, such as the ignition of the pyre and the collection and transport of the burnt remains.The identified wood species are typical of the local Mediterranean vegetation, and consist mostly of evergreen oak (Quercus type ilex), deciduous oak (Quercus type deciduous) and olive (Olea europaea). Given the high energy density of these species, it is possible that they were used to sustain the prolonged fire of the pyre. Other wood species include green shrubs (Rhamnus/Phillyrea) and plum (Prunus sp.), perhaps used to start the fire.Differences between the mounds are visible in the selection of the fuel and are partly reflected in the building technique and the arrangement of the bodies inside the funerary structures. The results of the anthracological analysis offer new insights into prehistoric funerary rituals and provide a new perspective on the funerary customs of the Eneolithic communities of Puglia.
Child Slave Labor: More on the Alien Tort Statute and the Extraterritorial Liability of Domestic Corporations

This article discusses an appeal by Nestle USA, Inc. and Cargill Inc. from a Ninth Circuit decision permitting federal court jurisdiction concerning the defendants’ liability for their role in the child slave labor trade and exploitation on Ivory Coast on cocoa farms. This case was argued to the United States Supreme Court on December 1, 2020. The appeal addresses the extraterritorial reach of American federal courts under the Alien Tort Statute to hold American corporations liable for alleged aiding-and-abetting child slave labor by unidentified foreign actors that occurred on Ivory Coast .The Court will examine whether the plaintiffs’ claims against Nestle USA and Cargill Inc. domestic activities “touch and concern” the U.S. sufficiently to confer liability under the Alien Tort statute or are sufficiently within the statute’s “focus.” The Court also may address whether domestic corporate liability for forced labor claims are an established feature of international and American law. The Nestle USA appeal has garnered widespread media attention in the context of the horrific reports of the child slave labor trade, forced labor, and trafficking on Ivory Coast cocoa farms. The parties stake out contrasting views of the significance of litigation. While recognizing the reprehensibility of child slave labor, Nestle USA frames the question before the Court as involving the legal standards governing any accusation of wrongdoing; in this instance, under the ATS. The plaintiffs, on the other hand, ground their ATS legal arguments firmly in the moral outrage of child forced labor, as an affront to basic human rights and violation of the law of nations. In the plaintiffs’ view, the underlying facts bring the case solidly within the purpose, scope, and intent of the ATS to provide a forum and means of redress for aliens suffering tort injuries at the hands of corporation entities– regardless of the analytical test the Court applies to resolve the ATS issue of domestic corporate liability. The Nestle appeal is important precisely because of the pervasiveness of multinational corporations with American subsidiaries as actors on a global stage, punctuated by egregious eruptions of human rights violations.
Multilinear Sets with Two Monomials and Cardinality Constraints

Binary polynomial optimization is equivalent to the problem of minimizing a linear function over the intersection of the multilinear set with a polyhedron. Many families of valid inequalities for the multilinear set are available in the literature, though giving a polyhedral characterization of the convex hull is not tractable in general as binary polynomial optimization is NP-hard. In this paper, we study the cardinality constrained multilinear set in the special case when the number of monomials is exactly two. We give an extended formulation, with two more auxiliary variables and exponentially many inequalities, of the convex hull of solutions of the standard linearization of this problem. We also show that the separation problem can be solved efficiently.
If You Like Shapley Then You’ll Love the Core

The prevalent approach to problems of credit assignment in machine learning -- such as feature and data valuation -- is to model the problem at hand as a cooperative game and apply the Shapley value. But cooperative game theory offers a rich menu of alternative solution concepts, which famously includes the core and its variants. Our goal is to challenge the machine learning community's current consensus around the Shapley value, and make a case for the core as a viable alternative. To that end, we prove that arbitrarily good approximations to the least core -- a core relaxation that is always feasible -- can be computed efficiently (but prove an impossibility for a more refined solution concept, the nucleolus). We also perform experiments that corroborate these theoretical results and shed light on settings where the least core may be preferable to the Shapley value.
Secondary Interpretations of Diagnostic Imaging Examinations: Patient Liabilities and Out-of-Pocket Costs.

Abstract Background Secondary interpretations of diagnostic imaging examinations are increasingly performed to improve care for complex patients. We sought to determine associated patient-billed liabilities and out-of-pocket payments and to identify patient and imaging study characteristics that correlate with higher patient bills and out-of-pocket payments. Methods Data extracted for 7,740 secondary imaging interpretations performed across our large metropolitan health system over 25 months included total professional charges, insurance payments, patient-billed liabilities, and patient out-of-pocket payments. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify patient and imaging factors associated with higher patient bills and out-of-pocket payments. Results Mean secondary interpretation professional charges, insurance payments, patient-billed liabilities, and patient out-of-pocket payments were $306.50, $108.02, $27.80, and $14.55, respectively. Patients received bills for 47.5% of services and made out-of-pocket payments for 17.1%. Patient-billed liabilities and out-of-pocket payments were higher for patients who were younger and uninsured and for secondary interpretations requested for patients seen in outpatient (versus inpatient) settings. Patient-billed liabilities and out-of-pocket payments were lower for patients who were Black (versus White) and had government-sponsored (versus commercial) insurance and for secondary interpretations performed during the second, third, or fourth (versus first) quarter of each calendar year. Conclusion Observed differences between patient-billed liabilities and out-of-pocket payments suggest that secondary interpretations of diagnostic imaging examinations can result in small but real patient financial burdens. Improved price transparency and enhanced patient communication about the value of secondary interpretations could reduce potential surprises when patients receive these bills.
Does Playing Against An Error Prone Opponent Influence Learning in Nim

Abstract When learning to play a game well, does it help to play against an opponent who makes the same sort of mistakes one tends to make or is it better to play against a procedurally rational algorithm, which never makes mistakes? This paper investigates subject performance in the game of Nim. We find evidence that subject performance improves more when playing against a human opponent than against a procedurally rational algorithm. We also find that subjects learn to recognize certain heuristics that improve their overall performance in more complex games.
The Plants of Scotland Might Be Equally Useful

Robert Brown was born in Montrose, Scotland, December 21, 1773, into a family with a religious background. The rugged and beautiful Scottish countryside was a factor in stimulating his fascination with the natural world. When he went to live in Edinburgh, the University’s environment and its intellectual excitement inspired him. Brown’s contacts in Edinburgh were crucial to shaping his early career. Brown attended Rev. Dr. John Walker’s lectures in natural history at the University where Walker was Professor of Natural History and a horticulturalist. Brown collected plants for Walker, particularly specimens of bryophytes and lichens. Botanist William Withering, who also received his education at Edinburgh University, was influential in guiding young Brown’s field studies. With this encouragement, Brown continued his work on the flora of Scotland, methodically describing plants at the Royal Botanic Garden in Edinburgh, Brown gathered a good deal of information from his field work which served as the basis of his study, “The Botanical History of Angus,” delivered before the Edinburgh Natural History Society. He discontinued his medical education, providing more time to pursue his interest in botany.
Trophies for the Empire: The Epic Dispute Between Greece and England Over the Parthenon Sculptures in the British Museum

In the early morning light on July 31, 1801, a ship-carpenter, five crew members, and twenty Athenian laborers “mounted the walls” of the Parthenon and, using ropes and pulleys, removed from the Parthenon edifice a sculptured marble block depicting a youth and a centaur in combat and lowered it to the ground. The next day the group lowered a second sculptured marble from the magnificent temple. During the next few years, the workmen stripped 15 of the 92 square-carved plaques of Pentelic marble (metopes) and 247 feet of the original 524 feet of frieze from the Parthenon high walls, as well as 17 pieces of sculpture from the pediment. In time, the entire collection was shipped to London. Except for the devastating Venetian bombing of the Parthenon in 1687, the removal of these sculptures from the Parthenon’s edifice was the single most violent desecration of classical Greece’s celebrated monument since its completion during the age of Pericles 2,200 years before.
Imprecision in Precision Medicine: Differential Response of a Disease-Linked GluN2A Mutant to NMDA Channel Blockers

Mutations in N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) subunits have been implicated in a growing number of human neurodevelopmental disorders. Previously, a de novo mutation in GRIN2A, encoding the GluN2A subunit, was identified in a patient with severe epilepsy and developmental delay. This missense mutation, which leads to GluN2A-P552R, produces significant dendrotoxicity in transfected rodent cortical neurons, as evidenced by pronounced dendritic blebbing. This injurious process can be prevented by treatment with the NMDA antagonist memantine. Given the increasing use of FDA approved NMDA antagonists to treat patients with GRIN mutations, who may have seizures refractory to traditional anti-epileptic drugs, we investigated whether additional NMDA antagonists were effective in attenuating neurotoxicity associated with GluN2A-P552R expression. Intriguingly, we found that while treatment with memantine can effectively block GluN2A-P552R-mediated dendrotoxicity, treatment with ketamine does not, despite the fact that both drugs work as open NMDAR channel blockers. Interestingly, we found that neurons expressing GluN2A-P552R were more vulnerable to an excitotoxic insult-an effect that, in this case, could be equally rescued by both memantine and ketamine. These findings suggest that GluN2A-P552R induced dendrotoxicity and increased vulnerability to excitotoxic stress are mediated through two distinct mechanisms. The differences between memantine and ketamine in halting GluN2A-P552R dendrotoxicity could not be explained by NMDA antagonist induced changes in MAP or Src kinase activation, previously shown to participate in NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Our findings strongly suggest that not all NMDA antagonists may be of equal clinical utility in treating GRIN2A-mediated neurological disorders, despite a shared mechanism of action.
Mortality salience increases personal optimism among individuals higher in trait self-control

Reminders of personal mortality may tune attention toward positive information. Insofar as attending to positive things in life helps individuals to cope with awareness of death, individuals with higher trait self-control may be particularly adept at positive tuning under mortality salience. To test this hypothesis, the current study had participants complete a measure of trait self-control, contemplate their mortality or a control topic, and then complete a measure of personal optimism. Mortality salience increased personal optimism, but only among participants higher in trait self-control. Taken together with past research the current results suggest that individuals higher in trait self-control draw upon diverse sources of positivity under mortality salience, which may help explain why they enjoy more positive outcomes in life.
Calcium Channel Blockers Prevent Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Intracranial Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Calcium entry blockers stabilize voltage-dependent calcium channels within cell membranes and prevent abnormal intracellular entry of calcium (Ca2+) through endothelial and ischemic neuronal cell membranes [9, 30]. It is well known that when Ca2+ ions enter vascular smooth muscle, contraction results, but if calcium entry is blocked by calcium antagonists, vascular dilatation occurs. It is also well known that when extracellular Ca2+ moves into ischemic neurones, neuronal function initially becomes impaired, eventually followed by neuronal death as excessive intracellular Ca2+ interferes with intracellular messengers and mitochondrial metabolism [31]. Experimental studies of cerebral ischemia in animal models have shown that pretreatment with the calcium entry antagonist nimodipine results in protection of the brain from cerbral infarction by preventing calcium entry into ischemic neurones and glia [1].
The Death of Law and Literature

Thirty years after the publication of James B. White's iconic THE LEGAL IMAGINATION, Law & Literature scholarship has gained no traction in the practice of law. This essay, prompted by a session of teaching Ariel Dorfman's DEATH AND THE MAIDEN to federal judges, explains why our scholarship has no impact, but fiction itself is very influential.
A wind farm interference model for Over-the-Horizon Radar

The wind-turbine scatter of the Over-the-Horizon Radar (OTHR) is one interference source that may degrade the radar sensitivity. In this paper, a high-fidelity, full-system model is developed to assess the wind turbine-generated clutter level and the resultant OTHR performance degradation. This model includes several phenomenological components that respectively calculate the bistatic wind-turbine scattering cross section, the wave propagation loss over a variable ground surface, the antenna elevation gain variation, and also the radar receiving antenna array response to the clutter signal collectively scattered from a wind farm. As such, the whole system model is useful to estimate the total wind farm clutter level and to determine its impact on the OTHR operation as a function of the wind farm stand-off range.
A comparison of Protein A chromatographic stationary phases: Performance characteristics for monoclonal antibody purification

Protein A chromatography remains the dominant capture step used during the downstream purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). With the recent expiry of the Repligen patent on recombinant Protein A, a variety of new Protein A resins have been introduced in the market. Given productivity limitations during downstream processing that have come into sharper focus with the recent increase in cell culture titers for mAbs, the selection of an appropriate Protein A resin has direct implications on the overall process economics of mAb production. The performance of seven different Protein A chromatographic resins was compared with respect to static binding capacity and dynamic binding capacity as a function of flow rate. This data was translated into a comparison of productivity (g mAb purified per unit resin volume per unit time) for the seven stationary phases. In addition, elution pH and host cell protein impurity levels after product capture on each of these resins were determined. The current article provides an effective methodology and dataset for the selection of the optimal Protein A chromatographic resin.
MOTIVES FOR MOTIFS: IDENTIFYING AGGREGATION AND DISPERSION SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN THE ROCK ART ASSEMBLAGES OF CENTRAL AUSTRALIA

This thesis is an investigation of several rock art assemblages in central Australia, and how they relate to Aboriginal aggregation and dispersion settlement patterns within the region. Conkey (1980) has shown that there is variation between art assemblages in Palaeolithic Europe which she attributes to the differences between aggregation and dispersion settlement patterns. This assertion was based largely upon the documented aggregation and dispersion settlement patterns of the San hunter-gatherers of the Kalahari, and the archaeological correlates of such behaviour. The key signature of aggregation from the San ethnography was a relatively high diversity of archaeological assemblages, while dispersion sites have assemblages of low diversity. Conkey applied these expectations to an analysis of engraved bone and antler from the Palaeolithic sites. However, no warrant was established linking the patterning in art to aggregation and dispersion settlement patterns. Central Australia is well placed to research this problem, having a well documented body of rock art and an ethnography that relates art to social organisation and population movements in the region. In this thesis I have addressed the research problem first by asking whether we can define the characteristics of rock art assemblages in situations of aggregation and dispersion? And if so, what are the characteristics of rock art assemblages that will allow us to identify aggregation and dispersion settlement patterns in the absence of an ethnography? To answer these questions I have analysed the rock art in conjunction with the ethnographic literature of central Australia. My analytical approach included a reassessment of previously recorded rock art data, and a series of analyses including comparisons of relative frequencies of motifs, diversity analysis and correspondence analysis. The results show a distinct patterning to the rock art assemblages which correlates well with the ethnography. Patterning in the rock art can be defined for what I have termed Aggregation A sites and dispersion sites among the petroglyph data ; and Aggregation A sites, Aggregation B sites, and dispersion sites for the pictograph data. The patterning among the pictographs particularly correlates with ethnographically documented sites of the totemic clan based social system of central Australia and to theories relating aggregation and dispersion to the inside/outside control of information. This research has shown that there is more than one type of aggregation site: that Conkey was only partly right; and that importantly, aggregation as defined in this thesis, does not necessarily lead to diversity in the archaeological record.
Characterization of human mesothelin transcripts in ovarian and pancreatic cancer.

Background: Mesothelin is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy due to its restricted expression in normal tissues and high level expression in several tumor types including ovarian and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Three mesothelin transcript variants have been reported, but their relative expression in normal tissues and tumors has been poorly characterized. The goal of the present study was to clarify which mesothelin transcript variants are commonly expressed in human tumors. Methods: Human genomic and EST nucleotide sequences in the public databases were used to evaluate sequences reported for the three mesothelin transcript variants in silico. Subsequently, RNA samples from normal ovary, ovarian and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines, and primary ovarian tumors were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nucleotide sequencing to directly identify expressed transcripts. Results: In silico comparisons of genomic DNA sequences with available EST sequences supported expression of mesothelin transcript variants 1 and 3, but there were no sequence matches for transcript variant 2. Newly-derived nucleotide sequences of RT-PCR products from tissues and cell lines corresponded to mesothelin transcript variant 1. Mesothelin transcript variant 2 was not detected. Transcript variant 3 was observed as a small percentage of total mesothelin amplification products from all studied cell lines and tissues. Fractionation of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA indicated that variant 3 was present primarily in the nuclear fraction. Thus, mesothelin transcript variant 3 may represent incompletely processed hnRNA. Conclusion: Mesothelin transcript variant 1 represents the predominant mature mRNA species expressed by both normal and tumor cells. This conclusion should be important for future development of cancer immunotherapies, diagnostic tests, and gene microarray studies targeting mesothelin.
Hybrid ellipsoidal learning and fuzzy control for platoons of smart cars

A fuzzy system controls gaps between cars in single lane platoons. Fuzzy controllers create, maintain, and divide platoons on the highway. Each car's controller uses only data from sensors on the car. Tightly coupled platoons avoid the "slinky effect" by dropping back during platoon maneuvers. When the lead car reaches its goal, the follower cars return to the proper platoon spacing. Differences in car and engine types require changes in fuzzy rules and sets. A hybrid neural-fuzzy system combines supervised and unsupervised learning to find and tune the fuzzy-rules. Unsupervised competitive learning chooses the first set of ellipsoidal fuzzy rules. Supervised learning tunes the fuzzy rules with gradient descent. The authors tested the fuzzy gap controller with a realistic car model. >
Nonspecific factors involved in attachment of entomopathogenic deuteromycetes to host insect cuticle.

The attachment of the conidia of the insect-pathogenic fungi Nomuraea rileyi, Beauveria bassiana , and Metarrhizium anisopliae to insect cuticle was mediated by strong binding forces. The attachment was passive and nonspecific in that the conidia adhered readily to both host and nonhost cuticle preparations. The hydrophobicity of the conidial wall and the insect epicuticle appeared to mediate the adhesion process. Detergents, solvents, and high-molecular-weight proteins known to neutralize hydrophobicity reduced conidial binding when added to conidium-cuticle preparations. However, these chemicals did not remove the hydrophobic components from the epicuticle or from conidial preparations. The outer surface of the conidium consists of a resilient layer of well-organized fascicles of rodlets. Intact rodlets extracted from B. bassiana conidia bound to insect cuticle and exhibited the hydrophobicity expressed by intact conidia. Both electrostatic charges and various hemagglutinin activities were also present on the conidial surface. However, competitive-inhibition studies indicated that these forces played little, if any, role in the adhesion process. Images
Constraints on effective elaboration

Two experiments are presented which explore constraints on effective elaboration. Experiment 1 demonstrates that semantic processing of congruous sentences will not always be superior to nonsemantic processing. The results question the adequacy of assumptions about the inherent superiority of semantic processing over nonsemantic processing and indicate the need to clarify the conditions under which semantic processing may facilitate comprehension and retention. Experiment 2 demonstrates that effective semantic elaboration cannot be equated with the mere quantity of semantically congruous information. Elaborative information increased performance only when it helped specify the relevance of target information relative to the rest of the sentence. Other types of semantically congruous elaborations actually debilitated retention. The importance of these results for theories of learning and retention is discussed.
Changes Observed in Egg Yolk Cholesterol, Serum Cholesterol and Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase by Feeding Cholesterol and Vegetable Oil to Mature Hens

Abstract ARTERIOSCLEROSIS has been closely associated with hypercholesteremia in both man and experimental animals. Hypercholesteremic aortic lesions have been produced experimentally in birds by Lindsay et al. (1946) by diethylstilbestrol implants, and by Chaikoff et al. (1948) by feeding cholesterol. Conner and Hodges (1959) presented evidence to the effect that the presence or absence of egg yolk in the diet of man greatly affected the serum cholesterol level. Since eggs constitute a common part of the American diet, the cholesterol content of egg yolk is important in studies of hypercholesteremia and nutritionally influenced diseases. The amount or composition of dietary fat does not influence cholesterol deposition in the yolk according to Reiser (1951) and Leveille and Fisher (1958). Kurnick et al. (1958) noted no appreciable changes in total cholesterol in yolks of eggs from hens fed diets supplemented with 1% cholesterol; the cholesterol content of the aorta, heart and liver from…
Visual field global indices in patients with reversal of glaucomatous cupping after intraocular pressure reduction.

Abstract The authors investigated visual field changes in 28 eyes of 28 adult patients with early-to-moderate chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG) in whom reversal of glaucomatous disc cupping was documented by computerized image analysis (Rodenstock Optic Nerve Head Analyzer) after intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction from 29.3 (± 5.9) to 19.4 (± 4.3) mmHg over 34.8 (± 24.8) weeks. Humphrey Statpac global indices (mean deviation and pattern standard deviation) improved in direct proportion to the magnitude of IOP reduction even after controlling for the possible influences of learning effect, short-term fluctuation, reliability, duration of IOP reduction, age, and pupil size. The mean visual field global indices (mean deviation and pattern standard deviation) improved in patients with IOP reduction of 40% or greater, in statistically significant contrast to no improvement of mean global indices with IOP reduction less than 35%. The beneficial effect of IOP reduction is apparent in COAG patients with topographical evidence of reversal of cupping.