cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fluctuating charge force fields: recent developments and applications from small molecules to macromolecular biological systems

The past decade has seen intense development of what are anticipated to be the next generation of classical force fields to be used in computational statistical mechanical approaches to studying a broad class of physical and biological systems. Among the several approaches being actively pursued currently is the fluctuating charge (or equivalently charge equilibration or electronegativity equalization) method. Within this formalism, dynamical electronic degrees of freedom are introduced and propagated in time in order to allow an electrostatic response to the local chemical environment. In this article, we present a review of our recent development and application efforts of a polarizable biomolecular force field based on the fluctuating charge formalism and founded on the CHARMM non-polarizable force field. We will discuss aspects of the parameterization, as well as recent applications to a spectrum of chemical and biological systems such as small-molecule liquid–vapor interfaces, solvated proteins/pepti...
Effect of Desoxycorticosterone Acetate on Glucose Tolerance in Normal Individuals and in Patients with Addison’s Disease1

DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE HAS BEEN RECOGNIZED as the most effective of the cortical adrenomimetic steroids so far used in the treatment of adrenalectomised animals and patients with Addison’s disease (1, 2). However, certain toxic manifestations and its apparently limited influence upon carbohydrate metabolism have tended to restrict its judicious application to human beings. It is the purport of the present study to show that large doses can be used for relatively long periods of time in the management of the disease without untoward effect, provided adherence to certain rules is observed. Moreover, data relative to variations in blood glucose levels under varying conditions are presented in detail to suggest the role that desoxycorticosterone may be capable of playing in intermediary carbohydrate metabolism.
On the application of sheared retrieval to orthogonal range queries

We propose a new search technique, called the Shear-Based Format, which shows that Yao's lower bound on the time-space tradeoff for orthogonal range queries is either optimal or nearly optimal [Ya82, Ya85]. Shearing is also a very pragmatic technique.
New Closed-Form Formula for Series Inductance and Shunt Capacitance Based on Measured TDR Impedance Profile

Time domain reflectometry has been widely used to characterize high speed interconnects. The equivalent lumped LC model is then developed based on the measured impedance profile (Z-profile). However, for discrete L or C, mounted in the middle of transmission line interconnects, the current formula based on Z-profile cannot provide correct results. In this letter, a new closed-form formula based on the Z-profile is derived to determine the lumped L or C with the rise time of the incident step taken into account, which is easy to integrate into any EDA tools.
A mad Kasravî and the Controversy Over Persian Poetry

In his extensive work on Iranian society and its problems, Aḥmad Kasravi (1890–1946), Iranian scholar, jurist, and social thinker, identified much of Classical Persian poetry as a major source of those problems. He discussed his views in a series of articles, in public lectures, and in two books dealing exclusively with the subject.1 In addition, he touched on the subject, in passages short and long, in many others of his hundreds of articles and dozens of monographs and books, published between 1934 and 1946, when he was assassinated.2
Long-term Effects of an Invasive Shore Crab on Cape Cod, Massachusetts

Abstract — Invasive species can cause dramatic changes in the structure of intertidal communities. In some systems, however, abundance or impacts of invaders may peak 10–20 years after invasion and decline thereafter. Hemigrapsus sanguineus (Asian Shore Crab) has been established at Sandwich, MA, on the north side of Cape Cod, since the mid-1990s. This study documented population dynamics of the Asian Shore Crab and 3 species of prey or competitors (Carcinus maenas [Green Crab], Mytilus edulis [Blue Mussel], and Littorina littorea [Common Periwinkle]) over 10 years. An additional goal of the study was to determine whether population growth of the Asian Shore Crab has slowed since its initial establishment. Density of the Asian Shore Crab increased over time, with no evidence of a density-dependent decrease in per capita growth rates. Concurrently, density of the Green Crab and the Blue Mussel declined, but there was no significant temporal trend in density of the Common Periwinkle. If observations at Sand...
Comparative Thermodynamics for Brayton and Rankine Cycles

The thermal efficiency, work per unit mass, and work per unit volume of the simple Rankine and Brayton cycles are expressed in terms of seven independent variables using a simplified thermodynamic model. By requiring equal efficiency, equal work conditions, and the same maximum cycle temperature for both cycles, two necessary relationships are established between the seven independent variables. These two relationships along with two maximum work conditions produce a method for comparing required and selected properties. These comparisons provide useful guidelines for the selection of the cycle and cycle fluids. The comparison analysis shows that for a given application the more attractive cycle is strongly dependent upon the fluids selected.
Near- and Mid-Infrared Laboratory Spectra of PAH Cations in Solid H2O

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been observed in absorption along lines of sight toward embedded protostars. In such cold space environments PAHs should condense into H2O-rich ice mantles at low temperature and be exposed to ionizing radiation. In this paper we present the first infrared spectra of PAH cations in solid H2O generated under conditions that resemble dense molecular clouds. After exposing PAHs in solid H2O at 15 K to low doses of UV radiation, we have observed both the vibrational absorptions of PAH cations in the mid-IR and electronic transitions in the near-IR. The PAHs observed as ions in solid H2O were naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and benzo[ghi]perylene. Peak positions, strengths, and temperature dependence are reported for the detected ion bands, and their astrophysical significance is discussed. These laboratory measurements suggest that absorption bands of PAH cations in H2O ice may be observable by astronomers in the near- and mid-infrared.
A Framework for a Consideration of Diplomatics in the Electronic Environment

The author challenges the archival community to consider new sources and formulation for the understanding of contemporary documentation. He looks at the evolution of the information culture from the scriptora, through print culture onto our own post-print culture. Documentation culture has evolved as well from transaction-based to more organizationally sophisticated bureaucracies. He offers two models for the evaluation of the nature of organizational design and behavior, and argues that through these models, new categories can be developed for assigning to the documentation produced by these organizations. All this leads to a new conceptual framework for the very old discipline of diplomatics.
Bone marrow stem cells assuage radiation-induced damage in a murine model of distraction osteogenesis: A histomorphometric evaluation

The purpose of this study is to determine if intraoperatively placed bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) will permit successful osteocyte and mature bone regeneration in an isogenic murine model of distraction osteogenesis (DO) following radiation therapy (XRT). Lewis rats were split into three groups, DO only (Control), XRT followed by DO (xDO) and XRT followed by DO with intraoperatively placed BMSCs (xDO-BMSC). Coronal sections from the distraction site were obtained, stained and analyzed via statistical analysis with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and subsequent Tukey or Games-Howell post-hoc tests. Comparison of the xDO-BMSC and xDO groups demonstrated significantly improved osteocyte count (87.15 ± 10.19 vs. 67.88 ± 15.38, P = 0.00), and empty lacunae number (2.18 ± 0.79 vs 12.34 ± 6.61, P = 0.00). Quantitative analysis revealed a significant decrease in immature osteoid volume relative to total volume (P = 0.00) and improved the ratio of mature woven bone to immature osteoid (P = 0.02) in the xDO-BMSC compared with the xDO group. No significant differences were found between the Control and xDO-BMSC groups. In an isogenic murine model of DO, BMSC therapy assuaged XRT-induced cellular depletion, resulting in a significant improvement in histological and histomorphometric outcomes.
Material Selection and Layered Assembly for Shock Wave Attenuation

Theoretical models and experimental data taken primarily from the literature provide predictive capabilities of the sound speed in porous materials and hence their acoustic impedance can be determined. Applying the acoustic approximation (weak discontinuity) at the interfaces of the porous material along with an attenuation model describing conditions within the porous system good fits to shock tube data on an elastomeric foam and on layers of kevlar were obtained.
Conditional simulation of Thwaites Glacier (Antarctica) bed topography for flow models: Incorporating inhomogeneous statistics and channelized morphology

Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica, is experiencing rapid change and its mass could, if disgorged into the ocean, lead to ∼1 m of global sea-level rise. Efforts to model flow for Thwaites Glacier are strongly dependent on an accurate model of bed topography. Airborne radar data collected in 2004/05 provide 35 000 line km of bed topography measurements sampled every 20 m along track. At ∼15 km track spacing, this extensive dataset nevertheless misses considerable important detail, particularly: (1) resolution of mesoscale channelized morphology that can guide glacier flow; and (2) resolution of small-scale roughness between the track lines that is critical for determining topographic resistance to flow. Both issues are addressed using a conditional simulation that merges a stochastic realization (an unconditional simulation) with a deterministic surface. A conditional simulation is a non-unique interpolation that reproduces observed statistical behavior without affecting data values. Channels are resolved in the deterministic surface using an interpolation algorithm designed for sinuous channels. Small-scale roughness is resolved using a statistical analysis that accounts for heterogeneity, including an abrupt transition between ‘lowland’ and ‘highland’ morphology. Multiple realizations of the unconditional simulation can be generated to sample the probability space and allow error characterization in flow modeling.
Top-Down versus Bottom-Up Fabrication of Graphene-Based Electronics

Graphene electronic devices can be made by top-down (TD) or bottom-up (BU) approaches. This Perspective defines and explains those two approaches and discusses the advantages and limitations of each, particularly in the context of graphene fabrication. It is further exemplified using graphene nanoribbons as the prototypical graphene structure that can be prepared using either a TD or BU approach. The TD approach is well-suited for placement of large arrays of devices on a chip using standard patterning tools. However, the TD approach severely compromises the edges of the graphene since present fabrication tools are coarse relative to the ∼0.1 nm definition of a C–C bond. The BU approach can afford exquisite control of the graphene edges; however, placing the structures, en mass, in the locations of interest is often impossible. Also, using the BU approach, it can be very difficult to make device structures long enough for integration with TD-derived probe electrodes. Specific examples are shown, along wit...
682 Iron Deficiency Anemia is a Common Presenting Issue With Giant Paraesophageal Hernia and Resolves Following Repair

Introduction Giant Paraesophageal hiatal hernias (PEH) are most commonly associated with symptoms of chest pain, early satiety and GERD. However, Iron-deficiency anaemia is an under-appreciated condition associated with giant PEH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of iron-deficiency anaemia in a cohort of patients with giant PEH and assess the incidence of resolution associated with operative PEH repair. Methods Between 2000 and 2010, 270 patients underwent operative repair of PEH and were prospectively entered into an IRB-approved database. From this cohort, 123 (45.6%) patients demonstrated a pre-existing diagnosis of iron-deficiency anaemia. 77 patients had a documented pre-operative haemoglobin level (Hb) consistent with iron-deficiency anaemia and a follow-up Hb level at least 3 months following surgery and constituted the study population. Results From the cohort of 77 patients with documented pre-operative iron-deficiency anaemia, 72 (94%) underwent elective PEH repair, with a median age was 75 (range 39–91). Cameron erosions were endoscopically documented preoperatively in 25 patients (32%). The average preoperative Hb value was 11.8 (7.6–16). Postoperatively at 3–12 month follow-up, the average Hb level was 13.2 (10.7–17), and at more than 1 year follow-up it was 13.6 (9.2–17.2) (p Conclusion This single institution study shows a high incidence of iron-deficiency anaemia (45.6%) in patients with giant PEH. Elective repair results in resolution of the anaemia and discontinuation of iron supplementation therapy, in more than 70% of patients. This improvement in Hb is independent of the presence of pre-operative Cameron erosions. This study demonstrates the clinical and potential economic benefits of elective PEH repair of patients with Giant PEH and iron-deficiency anaemia. Competing interests None declared.
Nuclear spin species, spin statistical weights and rovibronic tunnelling splittings of non-rigid water hexamer

ABSTRACTPowerful multinomial generating functions together with the character table of the six-dimensional hyperoctahedral wreath product group S6[S2] of the non-rigid water hexamer are employed to obtain the nuclear spin species, nuclear spin multiplets and the total nuclear spin statistical weights of the rovibronic-tunnelling levels for both deuterated and regular forms. The methods are composed of algebraic generating functions involving 531,441 nuclear spin functions for (D2O)6 in a group of 46,080 operations and 65 irreducible representations of the S6[S2] group. Although the deuterated form of the non-rigid water hexamer possesses nuclear spin populations in 58 of the 65 possible symmetries of tunnelling levels, for the regular water hexamer only 23 of the 65 symmetries are populated with nuclear spin functions. The tunnelling splitting correlations of rovibronic levels of the water hexamer have been obtained from the Saykally's semi-rigid (G4) model to the fully non-rigid limit (G46080). The compu...
Limb-threatening injuries in sport.

Most limb-threatening injuries in sports are centered around the knee. The most frequent limb-threatening injury involves a disruption of the posterior cruciate ligament leading to compromise of the neurovascular bundle. This injury can lead to above the knee amputation. The following algorithm is offered for care of the gross deformity of the knee so that this medical and legal catastrophe can be avoided.
Book Review Climate Change and Water Resources by Sangam Shrestha, Mukand S. Babel and Vishnu Prasad Pandey (eds). IWA Publishing, London, 2014. 376 pages. ISBN: 9781780405902 (Hardback)

Climate changes have played a role in the shaping of the Earth for millions of years, illustrated by floods (even mentioned in the Bible and in the Greek Mythology!), droughts, glaciation, heat waves and the appearance and disappearance of various sorts of animals and plants, including mankind. Yet we are presently facing a kind of environmental political correctness concerning the anthropogenic aspects of climate change, which, adopted by a number of politicians and journalists, does not necessarily rely on sound science and is often used to promote political agendas. For instance, some aspects in the preparation of COP21, which took place in France at the end of November and early December 2015, illustrate that the political deviation of scientific results cannot be underestimated. …
Optimizing Multi-tenant Cloud Resource Pools via Allocation of Reusable Time Slots

Typical pricing models for IaaS cloud providers are slotted, using hour and month as time units for metering and charging resource usage. Such models lead to financial loss as applications may release resources much earlier than the end of the last allocated time slot, leaving the cost paid for the rest of the time unit wasted. This problem can be minimized for multi-tenant environments by managing resources as pools. This scenario is particularly interesting for universities and companies with various departments and SaaS providers with multiple clients. In this paper we introduce a tool that creates and manages resource pools for multi-tenant environments. Its benefit is the reduction of resource waste by reusing already allocated resources available in the pool. We discuss the architecture of this tool and demonstrate its effectiveness, using a seven-month workload trace obtained from a real multi-tenant SaaS financial risk analysis application. From our experiments, such tool reduced resource costs per day by 13 % on average in comparison to direct allocation of cloud provider resources.
Acute Leukemias: Ultrastructural, Cytochemical, and Immunologic Diagnostic Approaches

Using commercially available reagents, a community hospital laboratory can apply sophisticated techniques to the classification of acute leukemias. In addition to routine cytochemical analysis, leukemic cells can be analyzed for the presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and specific membrane markers. Ultrastructural examination, when available, further expands the capabilities of the laboratory. When the available techniques are applied in a logical, sequential manner, most acute leukemias can be rapidly and precisely classified, permitting appropriate therapy to be instituted.
The moral dimension in Chilean higher education’s expansion

Chilean higher education has expanded greatly in recent decades, primarily through drawing on the private contributions of students and families, and an increased number and variety of institutions. In the context of attempts to address criticism that the sector is not free, public or high-quality enough, this article examines the association between education and its moral and ethical dimensions, and their separate yet complementary consideration alongside economic development, through the two centuries of the Chilean state’s existence. Since the beginning of the current decade, discontent with the framing and performance of higher education as a whole has grown. The overview traces this process not as fresh crisis, but part of a social question pondered repeatedly in the past and supported with varying success through educational and political initiatives. This historical (and historiographic) approach illuminates the limits of conceiving of higher education as either an economic good or as a human right, and an overlooked need to support its benefits through policy. Not simply an interpenetration with economic thinking, but also a lack of sufficient appreciation of Chile’s fundamental and singular character, present as challenges in understanding expanded access’s function and its prospective contribution to growing debates around ethics and inequality.
Stimulant Therapy of ADHD and Tourette Syndrome

The effects of methylphenidate (MPH) and dextroamphetamine (DEX) on tic severity in 20 boys with ADHD and comorbid Tourette syndrome were investigated in a 9-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study at the Child Psychiatry Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, MD.
A practical new way to measure kidney fibrosis

Proper histological measurement of kidney fibrosis is essentially important in both clinical pathology and basic research using animal models of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, standard histology techniques and their blind evaluation are cumbersome. Ranjit et al. applied an advanced optical microscopy technique for hassle-free, unbiased, and highly sensitive characterization of kidney fibrosis and tested it in a classic model of chronic kidney disease in mice. This commentary emphasizes the advantages and future promise of this new approach.
Skin-to-skin contact after birth and the natural course of neurosteroid levels in healthy term newborns

To determine the postnatal course of neurosteroid levels in relation to gender, mode of delivery and the extent of skin-to-skin (STS) contact during the first days of life in healthy term newborns. Prospective observational study of 39 neonates in which parents recorded total duration of STS in the first 2 days and nine neurosteroids (dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, progesterone, pregnenolone, pregnenolone-sulfate, allopregnanolone, isopregnanolone, epipregnanolone, pregnanolone and pregnanolone-sulfate) were assayed from blood samples at birth and at 1–2 days of age. All nine neurosteroid levels declined significantly during the first 2 days of life. Gender did not significantly affect the change in neurosteroid levels. The decline in neurosteroid levels was generally more pronounced in vaginal deliveries, and there was a trend toward a larger decline with more exposure to STS. Ongoing studies may better characterize the role of neurosteroids and the influence of STS in more critically ill and premature neonates.
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline

Introduction:The purpose of this guideline is to establish clinical practice recommendations for the pharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia in adults, when such treatment is clinically indicat...
Management of vesicoureteral reflux in neurogenic bladder

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a significant risk factor for pyelonephritis and renal scarring. VUR can occur through a defective ureterovesical junction (UVJ) or an overwhelmed normal UVJ mechanism such as in bladder dysfunction of congenital, acquired, or behavioral etiology. There are numerous causes for the development of a neurogenic bladder from spinal dysraphisms to spinal cord trauma and even centrally based abnormalities in children with apparently normal motor function (inappropriately termed nonneurogenic neurogenic bladder). The foundation of managing reflux in these neurogenic bladders is to maintain low bladder pressures which will commonly mean that compliance will be normal as well. There have been several publications that have shown that if bladder pressures are lowered simply with clean intermittent catheterization and medications that the reflux can resolve spontaneously. Alternatively, the patients that are in need of bladder augmentation can have spontaneous resolution of their reflux with the resulting increase in capacity. Surgical intervention is called for when bladder capacity is adequate and the reflux persists or if it is part of a larger operation to increase capacity and to manage outlet resistance. In some instances, reimplantation is necessary because the ureters interfere with the bladder neck procedure. Aside from open and robotic surgical intervention the use of endoscopic injectable agents is beginning to become more popular especially when combined with intravesical botulinum toxin A injections. Great strides are being made in the management of patients with neurogenic bladders and we are seeing more choices for the urologist to be able to manage these patients.
Treatment of acute cannabinoid overdose with naloxone infusion

The legalization of cannabis has resulted in rising use, wider availability, and development of highly potent strains. Patients presenting to the emergency department with cannabis toxicity and can...
Breeding Dates and Reproductive Performance

Publisher Summary This chapter examines how temperature and climate change affect reproductive performance in different species and locations. There are several ways in which the correlation between laying date and temperature may arise. First, there may be a direct effect of temperature on the energetic demands of females that influences their timing of laying. Second, temperature may influence the growth of gonads, which could indirectly affect the timing of laying. Precipitation could have a similar effect, as the growth of spotted antbird testes and follicles in Panama is slower in a dry year. In any case, there are likely several direct and indirect relationships between food, temperature and gonadal development. Temperature may also influence food availability, particularly insects, which, in turn, may limit the ability of females to produce eggs. Warmer temperature is expected to lead to greater production of young, because laying earlier is often associated with larger clutch size and more young fledged. However, recent evidence from great tits (Parus major) suggests that warmer spring temperature can lead to a mismatch in the timing of egg-laying relative to the availability of food for nestlings, and, as a consequence, earlier laying females may produce fewer surviving young birds. Thus, it is important to examine the effects of climate change on all aspects of reproduction, not just laying date. In particular, changes in clutch size are likely to have a major impact on fitness, as it places an upper limit on total reproductive success for a given brood.
Iran Air Flight 655 and the USS Vincennes

Patrolling the restricted waters of the Persian Gulf was a trying activity for most U.S. warships, designed, armed, and trained as they were for far-ranging “blue water” operations. This was particularly true for the officers and crew of the USS Vincennes. One of the first of the Ticonderoga-class “Aegis” cruisers, the Vincennes is a fast, lightly armored ship—a cruiser built on a large destroyer hull—specially optimized for fleet air defense. Although armed with various surface-to-surface guns and a variety of systems for close-in air defense, her real “main battery” consisted of the Standard SM-2 anti-aircraft missiles stored deep in her magazines.
Interaction of 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 with Normal and Abnormal Hematopoiesis

A diagram of the human hematopoietic system with their stem cells is shown on Figure 1. In vitro clonogenic studies in the murine and human systems have shown that several lymphokines, known as colony stimulating factors (CSF), induce proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. The myeloid stem cell known as the granulocyte-monocyte colony forming cell (GM-CFC) can differentiate either to macrophage colonies when grown in the presence of macrophage or granulocyte-macrophage CSF or differentiate to granulocyte colonies in the presence of granulocyte or granulocyte-macrophage CSF. Few studies have examined the ability of other physiological substances to influence differentiation of myeloid stem cells. Recently 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3] was found to induce cells from both a murine myeloid leukemia line known as Ml (1) and a human promyelocytic leukemia line (HL-60) (2–5) to differentiate to monocyte-macrophage like cells (Fig. 2, Table 1).
Toward a better understanding of climate and human impacts on late Holocene fire regimes in the Pacific Northwest, USA

In order to fully appreciate the role that fire, both natural and anthropogenic, had in shaping pre-Euro-American settlement landscapes in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), it is necessary to develop a ...
Evaluation of political party cohesion using exponential random graph modeling

The United States is becoming increasingly politically divided. In addition to polarization between the two-major political parties, there is also divisiveness in intra-party dynamics. In this paper, we attempt to understand these intraparty divisions by using an exponential random graph model (ERGM) to compute a political cohesion metric to quantify the strength within the party at a given point in time. The analysis is applied to the 105th through 113th congressional sessions of the House of Representatives. We find that the Republican party not only generally exhibits stronger intra-party cohesion, but when voting patterns are broken out by topic, the party has a higher and more consistent cohesion factor compared to the Democratic Party.
The morbidity of subthreshold pediatric bipolar disorder: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the morbidity of subthreshold pediatric bipolar (BP) disorder. Methods We performed a systematic literature search in November 2017 and included studies examining the morbidity of pediatric subthreshold BP. Extracted outcomes included functional impairment, severity of mood symptoms, psychiatric comorbidities, suicidal ideation and behaviors, and mental health treatment. We used meta-analysis to compute the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) for continuous measures and the pooled risk ratio (RR) for binary measures between two paired groups: subthreshold pediatric BP vs controls and subthreshold pediatric BP vs pediatric BP-I. Results Eleven papers, consisting of seven datasets, were included. We compared subthreshold pediatric BP (N = 244) to non-BP controls (N = 1125) and subthreshold pediatric BP (N = 643) to pediatric BP-I (N = 942). Subthreshold pediatric BP was associated with greater functional impairment (SMD = 0.61, CI 0.25-0.97), greater severity of mood symptomatology (mania: SMD = 1.88, CI 1.38-2.38; depression: SMD = 0.66, CI 0.52-0.80), higher rates of disruptive behavior (RR = 1.75, CI 1.17-2.62), mood (RR = 1.78, CI 1.29-2.79) and substance use (RR = 2.27, CI 1.23-4.21) disorders, and higher rates of suicidal ideation and attempts (RR = 7.66, CI 1.71-34.33) compared to controls. Pediatric BP-I was associated with greater functional impairment, greater severity of manic symptoms, higher rates of suicidal ideation and attempts, and higher rates of mental health treatment compared to subthreshold pediatric BP. There were no differences between full and subthreshold cases in the severity of depressive symptoms or rates of comorbid disorders. Conclusions Subthreshold pediatric BP disorder is an identifiable morbid condition associated with significant functional impairment including psychiatric comorbidities and high rates of suicidality.
Hospital adoption of interoperability functions.

Abstract Background The seamless transmission of patient health information across health care settings, commonly referred to as interoperability, is a focal point of federal electronic health record (EHR) incentive programs. The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which interoperability functions outlined in Promoting Interoperability Stage 3 (PI3) requirements have been adopted by US hospitals, and barriers to interoperability. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2781 non-federal, acute-care hospitals responding to the 2015 American Hospital Association Information Technology (IT) Supplement survey. We described the percentage of hospitals that adopted PI3 functionalities, identified hospital characteristics associated with adoption, and compared barriers to interoperability between hospitals that have and have not adopted PI3 functionalities. Results Only 16.7% of hospitals had adopted all six core functionalities required to meet PI3 objectives. Over 70% of hospitals had implemented at least four of six functionalities, while 1.8% implemented none. Major teaching (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.66), system affiliated (aOR=1.63), and regional health information exchange participating hospitals (aOR=1.86) were more likely to adopt PI3 functionalities, while for-profit hospitals (OR=0.11) were less likely. Hospitals that adopted PI3 functionalities more frequently reported experiencing barriers to interoperability, including the receiving provider's ability and interest to send/receive data. Conclusions While only a small proportion of hospitals had implemented all six PI3 functionalities at the time the requirements were finalized, the vast majority had already implemented most of the required functionalities. Still, several barriers stand in the way of achieving seamless interoperability, many of which lie outside hospitals’ control.
EFFICACY OF SELECTED INSECTICIDES FOR CONTROL OF BOLLWORM ON VIRGINIA COTTON, 2002.

Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated for control of Bollworm (BW) in Virginia cotton. 'FiberMax 989 R' cotton was planted 2 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA, using 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied with a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 39 psi through one TX10 hollow cone nozzle over the top of each of the two center rows of each plot. Insecticides were applied two times, the first at egg threshold (30 Jul) and the second in 6 days (5 Aug). Egg threshold applications were made based on the presence of 10 or more BW eggs per 100 plant terminals, or 2 or more per 100 fruit, i.e., squares or bolls. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with four replicates; plots were 4 rows x 40 ft. Boll damage was determined by sampling 25 randomly selected bolls per plot. Samples were taken at roughly weekly intervals after the occurrence of egg threshold. Yield was determined by harvesting the two center rows of each plot (80 row ft) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Sub-samples were ginned to determine lint versus seed and trash weight (40% lint, 60% seed and trash). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Compositional tracking of dissolved organic matter in semiarid wheat-based cropping systems using fluorescence EEMs-PARAFAC and absorbance spectroscopy

Abstract We conducted this study to quantify long-term cropping related changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and characterize the optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) after a decadal on-farm experiment in Montana, USA. Soil samples (0–50 cm) were collected from minimum till (MT) and no-till (NT) fields under fallow-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; F-W) and pea-winter wheat (Pisum sativum L.; P-W) rotations. Stocks of SOC(0–50 cm) averaged 65.6 Mg C ha−1 and 60.6 Mg C ha−1 for P-W and F-W, respectively. The net SOC accretion rate for P-W equated to 0.61 Mg ha−1 yr−1 relative to F-W. We used absorbance spectroscopy and excitation-emission matrices to characterize DOM composition of samples collected from MT F-W and NT P-W. The two cropping systems exhibited similar estimates of aromaticity (absorbance at 254 nm; 0.33–0.39 a.u.) and humification index (1.83–1.86). Parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis revealed humic-like (C1, C2), monolignol/amino acid-like (C3), and amino acid-/tannin-like (C4) components with equivalent fluorescent intensities among MT F-W and NT P-W. Fluorescence efficiencies increased with depth, suggesting a shift from larger, plant-like material to smaller, microbial-derived precursors. Overall, we found DOM composition to be minimally affected by cropping systems in this semiarid climate of the northern Great Plains.
Music and dance in chronic lung disease

Arts in Health interventions show potential to improve the quality of life of people with chronic lung disease. Listening to music, making music, and dance have accepted and established roles in the lives of people without chronic disease. However, their potential utility in chronic disease management is infrequently considered by medical professionals. The aim of this review is to examine the use of music and dance in the treatment and self-management of chronic lung disease. Although the evidence base is currently limited, existing research suggests a range of biopsychosocial benefits. As personalised medicine and social prescribing become more prominent, further research is required to establish the role of arts interventions in chronic lung disease.
Precision mouse models with expanded tropism for human pathogens

A major limitation of current humanized mouse models is that they primarily enable the analysis of human-specific pathogens that infect hematopoietic cells. However, most human pathogens target other cell types, including epithelial, endothelial and mesenchymal cells. Here, we show that implantation of human lung tissue, which contains up to 40 cell types, including nonhematopoietic cells, into immunodeficient mice (lung-only mice) resulted in the development of a highly vascularized lung implant. We demonstrate that emerging and clinically relevant human pathogens such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Zika virus, respiratory syncytial virus and cytomegalovirus replicate in vivo in these lung implants. When incorporated into bone marrow/liver/thymus humanized mice, lung implants are repopulated with autologous human hematopoietic cells. We show robust antigen-specific humoral and T-cell responses following cytomegalovirus infection that control virus replication. Lung-only mice and bone marrow/liver/thymus-lung humanized mice substantially increase the number of human pathogens that can be studied in vivo, facilitating the in vivo testing of therapeutics.
Uncovering Financial Constraints

We classify firms' financial constraints using a random forest model trained on the Hoberg and Maksimovic (2015) text-based constraint measures. Our model uses only financial variables to predict constraints, allowing us to significantly expand the cross-section and time-series of classified firms compared to the text-based measures. We conduct a number of tests to validate the informativeness of our measures. Using our classifications, we provide evidence that returns of debt (equity) constrained firms are more sensitive to shocks to the cost of equity (debt) financing. The results highlight the importance of financial flexibility in determining a firm's exposure to financing shocks.
Highly Interactive, Steered Scientific Workflows on HPC Systems: Optimizing Design Solutions

Scientific workflows are becoming increasingly important in high performance computing (HPC) settings, as the feasibility and appeal of many simultaneous heterogeneous tasks increases with increasing hardware capabilities. Currently no HPC-based workflow platform supports a dynamically adaptable workflow with interactive steering and analysis at run-time. Furthermore, for most workflow programs, compute resources are fixed for a given instance, resulting in a possible waste of expensive allocation resources when tasks are spawned and killed. Here we describe the design and testing of a run-time-interactive, adaptable, steered workflow tool capable of executing thousands of parallel tasks without an MPI programming model, using a database management system to facilitate task management through multiple live connections. We find that on the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility pre-exascale Summit supercomputer it is possible to launch and interactively steer workflows with thousands of simultaneous tasks with negligible latency. For the case of particle simulation and analysis tasks that run for minutes to hours, this paradigm offers the prospect of a robust and efficient means to perform simulation-space exploration with on-the-fly analysis and adaptation.
Difficulties in Handling the “Human Element” in the Psychological Evaluation of Blind Children:

The primary individuals involved in a psychological evaluation are the person being evaluated, the examiner, the referring person and the parents. Focus has been upon certain perceptions, feelings ...
Evaluating the Effect of Embedded Responses in Multimedia-Based Instruction with Preservice Teachers.

We report the findings of a randomized controlled trial examining the use of content acquisition podcasts for teachers (CAP-Ts) with 94 preservice teacher participants from two public universities....
Una mirada al diseño instruccional y al desarrollo profesional de docentes de inglés como lengua extranjera

Teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is a rapidly growing area in the Dominican Republic. In this context, the figure of the EFL teacher is predominant. This article aims to identify two key aspects in the professional field of teaching: Instructional Design (ID) and Teacher Professional Development (TPD). Firstly, the perception of these teachers regarding the sequence or structure of the teaching-learning process is analyzed. Second, we study what teachers consider to be TPD. To collect relevant data, the survey was used as a research instrument through a Google Forms form (n = 79). The results of this study suggest a predominant presence of traditional approaches in the teaching of EFL that does not reflect the current post-method current, and a murky idea regarding what professional teaching development really means, highly limited to training and job promotion programs. At the end of the study, the implications of these results and recommendations for in-service teachers are discussed.
How to Use Stock Data for Data Science Education: A Simulated Trading Platform in Classroom

The research hereby presents an innovate practice to enhance data science education by integrating an in-house-developed stock trading platform. Students of Data Science area usually face the difficulty of understanding the complex of real-time data and sophisticated statistical indicators and models. Another difficulty is students are easy to lost interests and patience during the process of learning programming and analysis process, such as R-language. Stock market, as a huge data source and an important data disciplinary, is comparatively easy to attract student attentions. Thus, we developed an intuitive trading platform for education purpose. The platform contains three components: an exploring window, a control windows and a report window. The exploring window shows current and historical stock price trends and related indicators. Several representative stocks from different sectors can be picked and specific time frames can be assigned. The control window allows students to develop their own trading strategies. A trading strategy can be created by either intuitive way, or through single or combinations of indicators, or be built generically though plug-in R-programing module. The report window demonstrates the expected return of a stock in a specific time frame through a specific strategy. A more comprehensive report with detailed transaction information is also provided for back-testing purpose. Students are involved into the development of the software and get experience for R-programming. Preliminary version of the product has been tested and surveyed in a data science classroom. About ten junior Data Science students have practiced and provided feedback. The positive survey results show the feasibility of the approach. In the future, artificial intelligent component will be integrated into the platform.
The effectiveness of client-side JavaScript Testing

In the simplest form, software testing consists of creating test cases from a defined input space, executing those test cases for the system-under-test (SUT), and evaluating the outputs with a mechanism for determining success or failure (i.e. oracle). Bodies of research focus on the selection, execution, evaluation, and even testing of software tests. Many tools and frameworks aim to apply the research in ways that improve test development. However, the options available for testing user interfaces have technical limitations that negatively impact practical application in industry. As such, this industry abstract explores the journey between industry-standard frameworks for testing user interfaces, the negative impacts of their limitations, and a proposed solution that attempts to avoid those issues.
A Review of Non- 1 H RF Receive Arrays in Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy

It is now common practice to use radiofrequency (RF) coils to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in 1H magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy experiments. Use of array coils for non-1H experiments, however, has been historically more limited despite the fact that these nuclei suffer inherently lower sensitivity and could benefit greatly from an increased SNR. Recent advancements in receiver technology and increased support from scanner manufacturers have now opened greater options for the use of array coils for non-1H magnetic resonance experiments. This paper reviews the research in adopting array coil technology with an emphasis on studies of the most commonly studied non-1H nuclei including 31P, 13C, 23Na, and 19F. These nuclei offer complementary information to 1H imaging and spectroscopy and have proven themselves important in the study of numerous disease processes. While recent work with non-1H array coils has shown promising results, the technology is not yet widely utilized and should see substantial developments in the coming years.
COVUS: An Algorithm to Maximize the Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound in the Emergency Management of COVID-19.

Abstract Background Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) present with diagnostic challenges because COVID-19 can cause varied end-organ failures that mimic respiratory distress of pulmonary origin. Early identification of concurrent complications can significantly alter patient management and course. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can be particularly useful in helping to differentiate concomitant complications with COVID-19. While lung POCUS findings related to COVID-19 have been published, little guidance exists on how ultrasound can be incorporated into a more comprehensive evaluation of patients under investigation for COVID-19. Objectives We devised a pathway called COVUS that incorporates POCUS into the initial evaluation of patients under investigation for COVID-19 to guide diagnosis and management. Discussion The pathway was derived based on a review of literature, consensus from the ultrasound faculty, as well as feedback from the entire faculty group at one academic institution with high volumes of patients with COVID-19. The scanning protocol uses a cardiac-first (rather than lung-first) approach to identify potential concomitant organ failure that may immediately alter management. Conclusions COVUS aims to maximize identification of the most immediately life-threatening complications while minimizing time at bedside and provider risk of exposure to COVID-19.
Olympic Sponsorships and Brand Value: An Empirical Analysis

The cost of sponsoring high-profile events is rising rapidly, making it increasingly important to evaluate the effectiveness of sponsorship arrangements. The present study examines the impact of sp...
Feature Selection Using Reinforcement Learning.

With the decreasing cost of data collection, the space of variables or features that can be used to characterize a particular predictor of interest continues to grow exponentially. Therefore, identifying the most characterizing features that minimizes the variance without jeopardizing the bias of our models is critical to successfully training a machine learning model. In addition, identifying such features is critical for interpretability, prediction accuracy and optimal computation cost. While statistical methods such as subset selection, shrinkage, dimensionality reduction have been applied in selecting the best set of features, some other approaches in literature have approached feature selection task as a search problem where each state in the search space is a possible feature subset. In this paper, we solved the feature selection problem using Reinforcement Learning. Formulating the state space as a Markov Decision Process (MDP), we used Temporal Difference (TD) algorithm to select the best subset of features. Each state was evaluated using a robust and low cost classifier algorithm which could handle any non-linearities in the dataset.