cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Early Postoperative Complications Following Tracheotomy

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the early postoperative complications related to tracheotomy performed by surgeons and residents in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMS) at the University of Florida College of Dentistry (UFCD; Gainesville, FL). The authors hypothesized that complications with this surgical technique would be substantially different among the different medical diagnoses of these patients and the number of complications would positively correlate with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification. Patients and Methods The authors implemented a retrospective study of all patients who underwent a tracheotomy procedure by the UFCD OMS department from July 2011 through March 2015. Patients were evaluated for medical comorbidities (predictor variables) and tracheotomy complications (outcome variable) within 1 week of the procedure and were compared across ASA classes. Results A total of 319 patients were evaluated in this retrospective study. There were 14 patients identified with recorded complications, including 11 patients with a bleeding complication (3.4%), and 3 patients with other complications (0.9%). The other complications included dislodgement of the tube, subcutaneous emphysema, and cellulitis. The distribution of patients across ASA groups was not statistically different for patients with no bleeding versus bleeding complications ( P > .05 by χ 2 test). However, the distribution of patient gender was found to differ across ASA groups ( P 2 test). The proportion of men to women in the bleeding complications group was not statistically different ( P > .1 by binomial test). However, mean age was found to be statistically different for bleeding complications between men and women (63.4 yr for men; 42.7 yr for women; P t test). Conclusions The result of this study supports a low rate of complications after a tracheotomy procedure performed by faculty and residents at the UFCD OMS department and is lower than published tracheotomy complication rates reported by other surgical specialties.
Bridging Real and Virtual: A Spiritual Challenge

The question of how to bridge virtuality and reality intensified in 2016 with the release of several consumer products. The article begins by reviewing two anxieties about virtual reality raised at a 1999 conference. To address these anxieties, the paper draws on post-Jungian archetypal psychology (James Hillman, Thomas Moore) and the retrieval of Renaissance theology (Marsilio Ficino). Two experiences with Samsung Gear VR then illustrate how classic archetypal elements can contribute to active procedures for bridging the virtual and the real.
Maternal prenatal stress and infant DNA methylation: A systematic review

Maternal prenatal stress has been linked to a variety of infant postnatal outcomes, partially through alterations in fetal HPA axis functioning; yet the underlying pathobiology remains elusive. Current literature posits DNA methylation as a candidate mechanism through which maternal prenatal stress can influence fetal HPA axis functioning. The goal of this systematic review was to summarize the literature examining the associations among maternal prenatal stress, DNA methylation of commonly studied HPA axis candidate genes, and infant HPA axis functioning. Results from the review provided evidence for a link between various maternal prenatal stressors, NR3C1 methylation, and infant stress reactivity, but findings among other genes were limited, with mixed results. An original study quality review tool revealed that a majority of studies in the review are adequate, and emphasizes the need for future research to consider study quality when interpreting research findings.
Male Undergraduates' HPV Vaccination Behavior: Implications for Achieving HPV-Associated Cancer Equity.

Despite the availability of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for males, uptake of the vaccine has been low, particularly among young adult males. This study aimed to investigate the levels of HPV vaccination and predictors of HPV vaccine completion in college men ages 18–26. We analyzed data from the 2015 College Student Health Survey, which was administered at 17 post-secondary institutions in Midwest areas. We included only responses from male participants who were ages 18–26 years old, resulting in a sample size of 2516. We used Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Utilization to guide our study design. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine predictors of HPV vaccine receipt. College-aged males in our sample had a HPV vaccine completion rate of 50.0%. Male students who were younger, had at least one parent who held a graduate degree, had initiated sex, and were enrolled at a private 4-year institution were more likely to have been vaccinated. These findings suggest that HPV vaccination in college-aged men are low. Efforts are needed to increase HPV vaccination in male students who are older, from lower socioeconomic statuses, have not initiated sex, and enrolled at public institutions. Findings also indicate important gender disparities in vaccine uptake that must be addressed in order to achieve optimal vaccine uptake in college-aged males.
Influence of Body Position on Shoulder and Trunk Muscle Activation During Resisted Isometric Shoulder External Rotation

Background:External rotation (ER) strengthening of the shoulder is an integral component of rehabilitative and preventative programs for overhead athletes. A variety of shoulder ER strengthening ex...
Physiologically-based modeling and interspecies prediction of paclitaxel pharmacokinetics

The objective was to develop a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to characterize the whole-body disposition of paclitaxel (formulated in Cremophor EL and ethanol—Taxol®) in mice and to evaluate the utility of this model for predicting pharmacokinetics in other species. Published studies that reported paclitaxel plasma and tissue concentration–time data following single intravenous bolus administration of Taxol® to mice were used; and the PBPK model included plasma, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and remainder compartments. The final model resulted in a good description of the experimental plasma and tissues data in mice, where all tissues were represented by a single compartment, except the remainder that included two sub-compartments. The predictive performance of the PBPK model was assessed by evaluating its utility in predicting pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel in rats and humans. The relationship between species body weights (mice, rats, rabbits, and humans) and plasma clearance was determined by power-based regression, and resulting allometric exponent was 0.86. The model demonstrated reasonable predictions of plasma and tissue paclitaxel concentration–time profiles in rats and plasma profiles in humans. The proposed PBPK model represents an important basis that can be further utilized for characterization of novel formulations of paclitaxel.
Pattern-based calibration of complex subsurface flow models against dynamic response data

Abstract Calibration of heterogeneous subsurface flow models usually leads to ill-posed nonlinear inverse problems, where too many unknown parameters are estimated from limited response measurements. When the underlying parameters form complex (non-Gaussian) structured spatial connectivity patterns, classical variogram-based geostatistical techniques cannot describe the underlying distributions. Modern pattern-based geostatistical methods that incorporate higher-order spatial statistics are more suitable for describing such complex spatial patterns. Moreover, when the unknown parameters are discrete (e.g., geologic facies distribution), conventional model calibration techniques that are designed for continuous parameters cannot be applied directly. In this paper, we introduce a novel pattern-based model calibration method to reconstruct spatially complex facies distributions from dynamic flow response data. To reproduce complex connectivity patterns during model calibration, we impose a geologic feasibility constraint that ensures the solution honors the expected higher-order spatial statistics. For model calibration, we adopt a regularized least-squares formulation, involving (i) data mismatch, (ii) pattern connectivity, and (iii) feasibility constraint terms. Using an alternating directions optimization algorithm, the regularized objective function is divided into a parameterized model calibration sub-problem, which is solved via gradient-based optimization. The resulting parameterized solution is then mapped onto the feasible set, using the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) as a supervised machine learning approach, to honor the expected spatial statistics. The two steps of the model calibration formulation are repeated until the convergence criterion is met. Several numerical examples are used to evaluate the performance of the developed method.
Guillain-Barré syndrome risk among individuals infected with Zika virus: a multi-country assessment.

Countries with ongoing outbreaks of Zika virus have observed a notable rise in reported cases of Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS), with mounting evidence of a causal link between Zika virus infection and the neurological syndrome. However, the risk of GBS following a Zika virus infection is not well characterized. In this work, we used data from 11 locations with publicly available data to estimate the risk of GBS following an infection with Zika virus, as well as the location-specific incidence of infection and the number of suspect GBS cases reported per infection. We built a mathematical inference framework utilizing data from 11 locations that had reported suspect Zika and GBS cases, two with completed outbreaks prior to 2015 (French Polynesia and Yap) and nine others in the Americas covering partial outbreaks and where transmission was ongoing as of early 2017. We estimated that 2.0 (95% credible interval 0.5–4.5) reported GBS cases may occur per 10,000 Zika virus infections. The frequency of reported suspect Zika cases varied substantially and was highly uncertain, with a mean of 0.11 (95% credible interval 0.01–0.24) suspect cases reported per infection. These estimates can help efforts to prepare for the GBS cases that may occur during Zika epidemics and highlight the need to better understand the relationship between infection and the reported incidence of clinical disease.
Stimulation of Intracellular Free Ca2+ by Luteinizing Hormone in Isolated Bovine Luteal Cells

The mechanisms by which gonadotropins regulate the development and function of the corpus luteum are not completely understoon. Cyclic AMP is recognized as the primary ‘second messenger’ of luteinizing hormone (LH) action in the corpus luteum. We have recently reported that gonadotropins also stimulate the accumulation of ‘second messengers’ derived from phospholipase C (PLC) catalysed hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (Davis et al., 1986a,c, 1987). Hydrolysis of this phospholipid liberates diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3) which serve to activate protein kinase C (Nishizuka, 1986) and mobilize intracellular Ca2 (Berridge, 1984), respectively. This newly described ‘second messenger’ system may be responsible for regulating cellular growth, metabolism and secretion in hormone, growth factor and neurotransmitter responsive tissues. The present studies were performed to examine the effect of LH on intracellular Ca concentrations in isolated bovine luteal cells. LH-induced increases in the levels of IP3 and cAMP were correlated with increases in intracellular Ca2+.
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network Data Communication Benchmark.

A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network is a wireless, selforganizing network where all clients and all servers are mobile and battery powered. Currently, most MANET research has been centered on data routing. Increasingly, data communication methods in MANET are being explored. A MANET allows data communication through data broadcast, data query, and peer-to-peer messages. One significant difficulty in assessing and comparing the different MANET data communication protocols proposed is the lack of a standard test environment or benchmark. A MANET data communication benchmark must include, at a minimum, a standard architecture, standard workload, and a standard set of evaluation parameters. This paper describes the major features of a MANET data communication benchmark and demonstrates the benchmark through analysis and simulation of the TriM MANET data communication protocol. This is the first benchmark targeted at MANET data communication
Douglas L. Delahanty: The Psychobiology of Trauma and Resilience Across the Lifespan

In The Psychobiology of Trauma and Resilience Across the Lifespan, editor Douglas Delahanty brings together an impressive team of experts in the field trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder across the lifespan. This collaborative project came out of a brainstorming meeting in 2007, when 12 leading experts in this field gathered to discuss the current state of traumatic response understanding. Delahanty and colleagues felt that there was a lack of collaborative dialogue among researchers and that their theories failed to address the developmental influences that impacted clinical outcomes. This impressive text is the result of that collaborative effort. The first chapter orients the reader to the book’s overall theme which is the developmental issues in diagnosing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The authors also present the evolution of PTSD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the agespecific developmental factors in diagnosing PTSD. They describe comparative prevalence rates with children and adults, illustrating the considerations necessary when thinking about the impact of this disorder across the lifespan. In the introduction to Chapter 2, the author posits an interesting question that sets the focus of the chapter: if many individuals are exposed to potentially traumatic events, why do relatively few develop clinical PTSD symptoms? The chapter then provides an in-depth look at the genetic risk factors predisposing some individuals to be more susceptible to PTSD. There is evidence that genetic traits increase risk of adverse reactions to traumatic stress.
Van boterberg naar biobased: De Nederlandse landbouw in perspectief

In de Nederlandse economie neemt de landbouw een belangrijke plaats in. Uit economisch oogpunt is de landbouw, samen met de toeleverende en verwerkende bedrijven, een van de belangrijkste sectoren. Ook is in het verstedelijkte Nederland de landbouw de grootste grondgebruiker. Geen andere sector is zo nauw verbonden met milieu en natuur. Op de nationale en internationale beleidsagenda's prijkt de landbouw nog altijd prominent. Van boterberg naar biobased, de Nederlandse landbouw in perspectief geeft een actueel overzicht van ontwikkelingen in de Nederlandse landbouw en het beleid dat zich hier op richt. Verschillende experts belichten in vijftien hoofdstukken, o.a. de economische positie van de landbouw, internationale aspecten van beleid en agrarische markten, en de relatie tussen landbouw, milieu en natuur. Recente ontwikkelingen rond klassieke onderwerpen als pacht en melkquota worden besproken, maar ook is er aandacht voor meer recente thema's als biobased economy en agrarisch natuurbeheer. Van boterberg naar biobased biedt daarmee een gedegen en up-to-date overzicht van de Nederlandse landbouw voor diegenen die in professionele zin met deze sector te maken hebben
Impact of Casting and Splinting Manipulations on Below-Dressing Pressures: An Experimental Model.

Background: We tested how different applications of casts and splints affect underlying below-dressing pressures and how these dressings respond to swelling. Methods: A 3-in polyvinyl chloride pipe with an attached 100 mL saline bag to the outer surface was used to simulate a human forearm. A pressure transducer was attached to the bag and connected to a monitor providing continuous pressure measurements. Either a circumferential fiberglass cast or single-sided plaster splint was applied around the bag. To simulate the dressing’s compliance to soft tissue swelling, change in pressure was measured after 25 mL of saline was injected into the bag. Compliance was determined by calculating change in volume over change in pressure as volume was added. Results: In our 150 mL model, cast bivalving reduced pressure up to 28%, and splitting the cotton padding of a splint reduced pressures up to 33%. The mean compliance (ability to accommodate swelling) across all volume intervals was 182% greater in a bivalved cast...
The Writing on the…Desk: Desktop Graffiti as Unobtrusive Measure of Campus Climate Before and After the Virginia Tech Massacre

ABSTRACTGraffiti has long been a topic of study for social scientists. The unique medium of graffiti allows the writer relative autonomy, and may offer insight about deviance in society. The presen...
Mind the gap: resources required to receive, process and interpret research-returned whole genome data.

Most genotype–phenotype studies have historically lacked population diversity, impacting the generalizability of findings and thereby limiting the ability to equitably implement precision medicine. This well-documented problem has generated much interest in the ascertainment of new cohorts with an emphasis on multiple dimensions of diversity, including race/ethnicity, gender, age, socioeconomic status, disability, and geography. The most well known of these new cohort efforts is arguably All of Us, formerly known as the Precision Medicine Cohort Initiative Program. All of Us intends to ascertain at least one million participants in the United States representative of the multiple dimensions of diversity. As an incentive to participate, All of Us is offering the return of research results, including whole genome sequencing data, as well as the opportunity to contribute to the scientific process as non-scientists. The scale and scope of the proposed return of research results are unprecedented. Here, we briefly review possible return of genetic data models, including the likely data file formats and modes of data transfer or access. We also review the resources required to access and interpret the genetic or genomic data once received by the average participant, highlighting the nuanced anticipated barriers that will challenge both the digitally, computationally literate and illiterate participant alike. This inventory of resources required to receive, process, and interpret return of research results exposes the potential for access disparities and warns the scientific community to mind the gap so that all participants have equal access and understanding of the benefits of human genetic research.
An e-course based on the LMS MOODLE to teach "Maritime English for professional purpose"

"Maritime English for professional purpose" e-course based on the LMS MOODLE was created in accordance with the requirements of modern society for the formation of communicative English competence of future maritime industry workers. Our research is devoted to the description and analysis of the work of the future maritime specialists in the e-course. One of the main elements of the course is the Forum (the exchange of questions, answers, messages etc., leaving the message, or creating questions). It is the forum that provides a two-way communication between a teacher and the cadets. The course also contains some elements of gamification (badges, games, Easter eggs, leaderboard, points etc.). Educational content is provided using a system of elements, which greatly enhance the motivation of students to study. QR code quest (a maritime subject chain of activities using two-dimensional code) helps students to find the necessary information, analyze it, organize it, solve tasks etc. Prezi's presentations have additional depth and context, increase students’ motivation to learn. The Quizzes of our course correspond to six levels of Bloom's taxonomy (knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis and evaluation). The Gradebook has a clear structure: two types of tests, language competencies and additional points in a limited number. In our study, we have produced statistics on the leaders and outsiders of e-course, a comparative description of the groups studying in the course. As a result of our research it was proved that LMS MOODLE e-courses have a potential educational opportunity as an effective means for forming the foreign professional competence of future seafarers. Interactive exercises bring cadets closer to the real-life communication in the absence of a natural linguistic environment and can be used as part of the system of formation of foreign professional competence of future maritime specialists. It was also proved that the system of blended learning helps to master the English language faster and more easily.
Network Effects in Online Marketplaces: The Case of Kiva

Advanced information technologies have enabled the development of online marketplaces that connect businesses and people on a global scale. Much of the analysis of the adoption, growth and engagement on these marketplaces in the extant literature is based on the premise that they are characterized by network effects%a premise that has major implications for their deployment, implementation and management. In this paper we test this premise using data from Kiva, the world’s largest online, peer-to-peer social lending marketplace. We find that while network effects are strong and significant during the early growth phase of the marketplace, they become weak or disappear once the marketplace stabilizes.
Topsoil Magnetic Susceptibility and Heavy Metal Contamination: A Case Study in Al-Muthanna Province, Iraq

Due to rapid urbanization and industrialization that occurred in Al- Muthanna province in southeastern Iraq during the last decade, pollutants such as heavy metals were emitted into the environment and became a serious threat to human health. Environmental pollution could be caused by different types of pollutants, which come from different sources. This study aims to assess the environmental magnetism efficiency for heavy metal pollution assessment using the magnetic susceptibility technique which became a more rapid and cost-effective compared to conventional methods. Increasing heavy metal contents in soils causes an increase in the magnetic mineral concentration. The study area is located in Al- Muthanna province, southeast of Iraq, and contains three cement plants, an oil refinery, bricks factories, and power plants. Fifty topsoil and subsoil samples (0-50 cm depth) were collected from five sites; Al-Jinoob cement plant (one site), Samawa oil refinery (two sites) and Al- Muthanna cement plant (two sites). In this study, magnetic properties of samples in vertical sections and levels of heavy metal elements; of selected samples from regions with different geological settings were compared. The heavy metals analysis included chromium (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb), which could give indications of heavy metal pollution in soil. The highest magnetic susceptibility value (65.23 x10-8 m3kg-1) was recorded in Al-Muthanna cement plant (TSL-4) and the highest Cu concentration (602.57 ppm) was also recorded in Al-Muthanna cement plant (TSL-5-3). The results of magnetic properties show the dominance of coarse magnetite, which is supposed to have originated from pedogenic particles in natural soils, causing the positive correlation between magnetic susceptibility (I‡) and anhysteretic remanent magnetisation (ARM). According to the results of frequency dependent susceptibility ratio (Iofd%), the magnetic particles showed an admixture of multi-domain and pseudo-single domain behaviour. Magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal analyses results indicated emissions from nearby industrial plants. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was carried out for heavy metal analyses which supported our results. Results of this study demonstrate the suitability of applying magnetic techniques for assessing environmental situations.
Hear Our Voice: Every Child, Every Day; Pediatric Emergency Care Services in the United States

Abstract More than 80% of pediatric patients who seek emergency care in the United States are seen in general emergency departments. Yet, emergency care systems evolved to address time-sensitive adult-focused conditions such as trauma, stroke, and myocardial infarction, not pediatric-specific needs. Yet, children with emergency conditions also experience significant morbidity and mortality when not managed safely and effectively. This article details the development of emergency care systems and the impact of advocacy efforts on pediatric emergency care, including authorization of the Emergency Medical Services for Children Program. Although significant strides have been made to ensure every emergency department has the infrastructure and competency to care for pediatric patients, high-quality pediatric emergency care depends on the advocacy efforts of clinicians, researchers, educators, and families.
The liver transplant risk score prognosticates the outcomes of liver transplant recipients at listing.

Abstract Background We assessed if the risk of post-liver transplant mortality within 24 h could be stratified at the time of listing using the liver transplant risk score (LTRS). Secondary aims were to assess if the LTRS could stratify the risk of 30-day, 1-year mortality, and survival beyond the first year. Methods MELD, BMI, age, diabetes, and the need for dialysis were the five variables used to calculate the LTRS during patients' evaluation for liver transplantation. Mortality rates at 24 h, 30 days, and 1-year were compared among groups of patients with different LTRS. Patients with ABO-incompatibility, redo, multivisceral, partial graft and malignancies except for hepatocellular carcinoma were excluded. Data of 48,616 adult liver transplant recipients were extracted from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients between 2002 and 2017. Results 24-h mortality was 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.7%, 2.3%, 2.0% and 3.5% for patients with LTRS of 0,1,2,3,4, 5 and ≥ 6, respectively (P Conclusion Perioperative mortality and long-term survival of patients undergoing LT can be accurately estimated at the time of listing by the LTRS.
Assessing translocation effects on the spatial ecology and survival of muskrats Ondatra zibethicus

Muskrats Ondatra zibethicus are semiaquatic herbivores experiencing long-term and widespread population declines across North America. Translocation may be a viable tool to bolster or reestablish local populations; however, subsequent effects of translocation on muskrats are unknown. We live-trapped and translocated radiomarked muskrats (n = 65) during the summers of 2018–2019 in Voyageurs National Park, MN, USA and assessed post-translocation effects on weekly survival probabilities and space-use patterns. We did not observe homing behavior, though individuals moved an average of 2.2 km (SE = 0.30 km) from release sites and established home ranges within ∼8 days (SE = 1.16 days) post-translocation. Weekly post-translocation survival probabilities (0.95, SE = 0.001) and average home-range sizes (2.52 ha, SE = 0.44 ha) were similar to other studies of non-translocated muskrats. Our most-supported known-fate survival model revealed muskrats using beaver Castor canadensis lodges had greater weekly survival probabilities. Additionally, weekly muskrat survival varied between years suggesting a positive response to a novel soft-release technique applied in 2019. Our study provides the first empirical assessment of translocation effects on muskrats and suggests translocation may be effective for establishing or enhancing local muskrat populations. Additionally, our study suggests beaver lodges may confer fitness benefits to sympatric muskrats particularly during dispersal.
Competing motives in a pandemic: Interplays between fundamental social motives and technology use in predicting (Non)Compliance with social distancing guidelines

Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals were advised to adhere to social distancing guidelines limiting physical interpersonal contact. Humans have a suite of adaptations to satisfy belonging needs while avoiding diseased conspecifics. Competition between motivational systems may explain adherence and resistance to social distancing guidelines and how technologically mediated interactions further shape these decisions. This study is a preregistered analysis of data in a representative sample collected during the pandemic investigating how individual differences in affiliative and pathogen-avoidant motives predict interest in physical interactions (N = 2409). Germ aversion predicted disinterest in physical interactions and need to belong predicted interest. Additional analyses revealed technology use satisfied belonging motives that unexpectedly heightened interest in physical contact. Exploratory analyses further indicate that internet speed was similarly associated with greater interest in physical interactions. We frame these results through a competing fundamental social motives framework and discuss how to address future pandemics effectively.
Are investment and financing anomalies two sides of the same coin

Abstract It is commonly believed that the negative financing-return anomaly is associated with the negative investment-return anomaly. The purpose of this research is to thoroughly investigate this issue to answer the question of whether the return predictabilities based on investment and financing activity are interrelated and share the same underlying cause. We find that investment and financing activities are only weakly correlated and that the profitability profiles surrounding these two activities differ. After controlling for the book-to-market ratio, high investment firms are more profitable than low investment firms, while high financing firms are less profitable than low financing firms. In addition, the investment-return relation weakens after controlling for financing, while the financing-return relation remains significant after controlling for investment. Our evidence suggests that the investment-return relation does not explain the external financing anomaly.
Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of breast angiosarcoma.

Abstract Breast angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare malignancy which can be classified into primary or secondary as a result of breast cancer therapy. On histology, breast AS has a wide spectrum of morphologic presentations, and its diagnosis can be challenging based on morphologic evaluation alone. Here, we studied 10 cases of breast AS diagnosed at our institution during a 20-year period, in which 7 cases were radiation-associated AS (RA-AS) and 3 cases were primary AS (P-AS). The average latency between radiotherapy and RA-AS was 8.1 years. RA-AS mostly occurred in breast skin, while all P-AS involved breast parenchyma. All 10 AS cases were high grade, including 4 RA-AS cases demonstrating epithelioid morphology. Histologic morphologies of AS varied from confluent growth of atypical spindle or epithelioid cells to scattered marked pleomorphic cells. Some cases appeared deceptively bland or low grade, but the presence of areas of haemorrhage (‘blood lake’) or necrosis upgraded them to high grade lesions. Additionally, some epithelioid RA-AS cases with lymphatic differentiation (D2–40 positive) showed pseudopapillary morphology characterized by discohesive cells sloughing off at periphery of vascular cores, resembling papillary breast carcinoma. P-AS did not show prominent vesicular nuclei and/or conspicuous nucleoli, which were features observed in RA-AS. C-MYC immunostain results showed P-AS was completely negative or focal weakly positive in hypercellular areas. In comparison, RA-AS were consistently positive for c-MYC. Epithelioid RA-AS with lymphatic differentiation tended to show stronger and/or more diffuse c-MYC positivity than other AS cases. CD31 and ERG immunostains showed positivity in all cases, while CD34 were negative in some cases with lymphatic differentiation. This study offers a detailed morphologic and immunohistochemical assessment of a rare tumor of the breast that is important to recognize. Common differential diagnosis for breast AS, including post-radiation atypical vascular proliferation (AVP), are also reviewed and discussed.
Shared Experiences: A performative approach to intercultural education

During the academic year 2018 – 2019, the Department of Languages and Literatures at the University of North Carolina - Asheville (UNCA) launched a pilot curriculum in Intercultural Education for intermediate-level foreign language students in French, Spanish and German. It was decided early on to adopt a performative/experiential approach, and to accompany the project with an empirical study based on qualitative data. This article lays out the parameters and contexts of the project itself and summarizes the findings of the accompanying study, including an articulation of questions that remain for future exploration. The article closes with a broader reflection on the place of such work in foreign language study and in the modern university, as well as in the context of the present (as of this writing) corona-virus pandemic.
Oncologists’ knowledge and perspectives on the use of biosimilars.

35Background: Despite the increasing availability of biosimilar cancer treatments, little is known about oncologists’ knowledge and concerns about biosimilar use in the United States. We conducted ...
Imperfect high-resolution manometry studies: Prevalence and predictive factors

BACKGROUND Imperfect high-resolution manometry (HRM) studies can impact clinical management of patients with esophageal symptoms. METHODS Esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM) studies attempted and/or performed by trained motility operators at a tertiary care center over a 2-year period were identified. When studies were attempted but not completed, reasons for an imperfect study (critically imperfect = LES not adequately traversed; non-critically imperfect = diaphragm not traversed), and point of identification (identified by motility nurse vs. identified on physician review) were recorded. Prevalence and clinical predictors of critically and non-critically imperfect studies were determined. KEY RESULTS Of 962 HRM studies attempted in 951 patients, 33 (3.4%) were critically imperfect (17 curled catheters), and 125 (13.0%) were non-critically imperfect. A third of critically imperfect studies, and 64.7% of curled catheters had achalasia, while 99.2% of non-critically imperfect studies had large hiatus hernias. Motility nurses detected 90.9% of critically imperfect and 55.8% of non-critically imperfect studies in real-time (p < 0.001). Achalasia independently predicted curled catheters; large hiatus hernias predicted non-critically imperfect studies (p < 0.001 for each). Compared to technically perfect studies, catheter curling was encountered more often in older patients, catheter intolerance in younger patients, and non-critically imperfect studies in females (p < 0.001 for each). No critical motor disorder was identified in intolerant patients. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Achalasia should be suspected when a curled catheter is encountered especially in older patients, while intolerant patients do not have critical motor disorders. Critically imperfect HRM studies are rare when performed by trained motility operators, which are identified in real time and aborted.
2021 SNMMI Highlights Lecture: Oncology and Therapy, Part 2.

From the Newsline Editor: The Highlights Lecture, presented at the closing session of each SNMMI Annual Meeting, was originated and presented for more than 30 years by Henry N. Wagner, Jr., MD. Beginning in 2010, the duties of summarizing selected significant presentations at the meeting were divided annually among 4 distinguished nuclear and molecular medicine subject matter experts. Each year Newsline publishes these lectures and selected images. The 2021 Highlights Lectures were delivered on June 15 as part of the SNMMI Virtual Annual Meeting. In this issue we feature the second part of the lecture by Heiko Schoder, MD, MBA, chief of the Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY) and a professor of radiology at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University (New York, NY), who spoke on oncology and therapy highlights from the meeting. The first part of the lecture appeared in the October issue of Newsline. Note that in the following presentation summary, numerals in brackets represent abstract numbers as published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine (2021;62[suppl 1]).
ELECTIONS Georgia Election Code: Revise the Forms of Identification That Are Acceptable in Order to Register and to Vote in This State; and for Other Purposes

Section 59 of this Act, the only section with which this Peach Sheet is concerned, revises the acceptable forms of identification to register and to vote in the State of Georgia. As a result of this section, only the following forms of identification will be sufficient to register and vote in Georgia: (1) a valid Georgia driver's license that was properly issued by the appropriate state agency; (2) a valid identification card issued by a branch, department, agency, or entity of the State of Georgia, any other state, or the United States that is authorized by law to issue personal identification, provided that such identification card contains a photograph of the elector; (3) a valid United States passport; (4) a valid employee identification card containing a photograph of the elector and issued by any branch, department, agency, or entity of the United States government, this state, or any county, municipality, board, authority, or other entity of this state; (5) a valid United States military identification card provided that such identification card contains a photograph of the elector; or (6) a valid tribal identification card containing a photograph of the elector.
Prionoses and the Immune System

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), prion diseases (or prionoses) are fatal neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals. The TSEs are unique in that they can have three distinct etiologies. They can occur sporadically; be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion; or, as in the majority of ruminant TSEs, be transmitted by an infectious agent. This chapter discusses the role of the immune system in prion pathogenesis and prion diagnostics, as well as active and passive therapeutic approaches to prion diseases. Prion infections still represent a fascinating biological phenomenon and stimulate interdisciplinary research efforts at the interface between neuroscience, biochemistry, immunology, and other related disciplines. Recent studies have indicated that both macrophages and FDCs are capable of localized production of the complement components C1 and C4, which may be activated by the increased disease-associated prion protein (PrPd) to result in further deposition on FDCs in a cyclical amplification pattern. A focus of prion science has been on the deposition and amplification of PrPd within lymphoid tissues, it is important to note that cells of the immune system are migratory, continually recirculating between the blood and the tissues via the lymph. A number of techniques that are currently in development focus on identification of low levels of PrPd in lymphoid tissues for antemortem diagnostics.
Grain Contracting Strategies to Induce Delivery and Performance in Volatile Markets

One of the impacts of higher prices along with greater volatility in futures and basis is that there is pressure for an escalation in cash contracting for grain. This volatility has resulted in an unprecedented level of contracting with growers in recent years. There is a wide array of cash contracts with varying terms. There is also a growing realization of growers not delivering on contracts, in part due to escalation in postcontract prices. These are evolving as major strategic issues for buyers and the marketing system, particularly as buyers seek to use such contracting strategies as an element of risk mitigation. There are three purposes of this article. First is to provide a broad survey of contract terms used in grain contracting with growers. Second, we illustrate some issues in contracting of some of the grains (durum, malting barley) in the upper Midwest. Third, we show some of the common contract clauses being adapted in these contracts. Finally, we summarize these issues with respect to industry implications.
Advances in imaging ultrastructure yield new insights into presynaptic biology.

Synapses are the fundamental functional units of neural circuits, and their dysregulation has been implicated in diverse neurological disorders. At presynaptic terminals, neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles are released in response to calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels activated by the arrival of an action potential. Decades of electrophysiological, biochemical, and genetic studies have contributed to a growing understanding of presynaptic biology. Imaging studies are yielding new insights into how synapses are organized to carry out their critical functions. The development of techniques for rapid immobilization and preservation of neuronal tissues for electron microscopy has led to a new renaissance in ultrastructural imaging that is rapidly advancing our understanding of synapse structure and function.
Investigation Into Use of Piezoelectric Sensors in a Wheeled Robot Tire For Surface Characterization

Abstract A differential steered, 13.6 kg robot was developed as an intelligent tire testing system and was used to investigate the potential of using piezoelectric film sensors in small tube-type pneumatic tires to characterize tire–ground interaction. The robot was instrumented with low-cost piezoelectric film sensors between the inner tube and the tire. An unlaminated and a laminated sensor were placed circumferentially along the tread and an unlaminated sensor was placed along the sidewall. The analog signal passed to the robot via a slip ring. The robot was tested with a controlled power sequence carried out on polished cement, ice, and sand at three power levels, two payload levels, and with two tire sizes. The results suggest that the sensors were capable of detecting normal pressure, deflection, and/or longitudinal strain. Added payload increased signal amplitude for all sensors. On the smaller tires, sensors generally recorded a smaller, wider signal on sand compared to cement, indicating potential to detect contact patch pressure and length. The signals recorded by the unlaminated sensor along the tread of the smaller tire were smaller on ice than cement, indicating possible sensitivity to tractive force. Results were less consistent for the larger tires, possibly due to the large tread pattern.
Mechanisms of skeletal muscle deformity in hyperhomocysteinemia (1102.24)

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is associated with elderly frailty, skeletal muscle malfunction and injury, reduced vascular integrity and function and mortality. Although HHcy was implicated in impairment of vasculogenesis after hind limb ischemia in murine models, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We hypothesize that HHcy compromises perfusion, collateral formation and vasculogenesis through diminishing post-ischemic vasculogenic responses in the muscle fibers. To test this hypothesis, we created femoral artery ligation in wild type (WT) and CBS+/- mice (a model for HHcy) and assessed tissue perfusion, collateral formation and skeletal muscle function using Laser Doppler perfusion imaging, barium angiography and fatigue tests. In addition, we evaluated post-ischemic levels of VEGF, and levels of its muscle specific regulators: HIF-1α and PGC-1α in the skeletal muscle fibers. The observations indicated that dysregulation of VEGF, HIF-1 alpha and PGC-1 alpha levels in the CBS+/- mice ischemic skeletal mu...
Exploring Person Fit with an Approach Based on Multilevel Logistic Regression.

The idea that test scores may not be valid representations of what students know, can do, and should learn next is well known. Person fit provides an important aspect of validity evidence. Person fit analyses at the individual student level are not typically conducted and person fit information is not communicated to educational stakeholders. In this study, we focus on a promising method for detecting and conveying person fit for large-scale educational assessments. This method uses multilevel logistic regression (MLR) to model the slopes of the person response functions, a potential source of person misfit for IRT models. We apply the method to a representative sample of students who took the writing section of the SAT (N = 19,341). The findings suggest that the MLR approach is useful for providing supplemental evidence of model–data fit in large-scale educational test settings. MLR can be useful for detecting general misfit at global and individual levels. However, as with other model–data fit indices, ...
Sleep-dependent modulation of affectively guided decision-making.

A question of great interest in current sleep research is whether and how sleep might facilitate complex cognitive skills such as decision-making. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) was used to investigate effects of sleep on affect-guided decision-making. After a brief standardized preview of the IGT that was insufficient to learn its underlying rule, participants underwent a 12-hr delay containing either normal night’s sleep (Sleep-group; N=28) or continuous daytime wake (Wake-group; N=26). Following the delay, both groups performed the full IGT. To control for circadian effects, two additional groups performed both the preview and the full task either in the morning (N=17) or the evening (N=21). In the IGT, 4 decks of cards were presented. Draws from 2 “advantageous decks” yielded low play-money rewards, occasional low losses and, over multiple draws, a net gain. Draws from “disadvantageous” decks yielded high rewards, occasional high losses and, over multiple draws, a net loss. Participants were instructed to win and avoid losing as much as possible and better performance was defined as more advantageous draws. Relative to the wake group, the sleep group showed both superior behavioral outcome (more advantageous draws) and superior rule understanding (blindly judged from statements written at task completion). Neither measure differentiated the two control groups. These results illustrate a role of sleep in optimizing decision-making, a benefit that may be brought about by changes in underlying emotional or cognitive processes.
Comparison of the wear resistance of various grades of cemented carbides that may find application in wood machining

Abstract A laboratory test is described in which specimens of rectangular cemented carbide tool inserts of a standard size are allowed to slide against a rapidly rotating fiberboard disc in either the presence or the absence of a mist spray of a dilute organic acid (tannic acid or acetic acid) to simulate the cutting of green wood and cured wood respectively. It is shown that the worn surfaces of cemented carbide tools used in (field) service are remarkably similar to the worn surfaces of specimens used in the laboratory (simulation) tests. Extensive results are presented that show quantitatively the progressive wear of a wide range of cemented carbides as a function of time for sliding under wet and dry conditions. It is shown that wear depends on the type and amount of binder present in the cemented carbide and on the nature of the environment. Materials with Co-Cr and Ni-Cr binders containing significant amounts of chromium showed the greatest resistance to wear.