cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multilevel multiscale mimetic (M3) method for two-phase flows in porous media

We describe a multilevel multiscale mimetic (M^3) method for solving two-phase flow (water and oil) in a heterogeneous reservoir. The governing equations are the elliptic equation for the reservoir pressure and the hyperbolic equation for the water saturation. On each time step, we first solve the pressure equation and then use the computed flux in an explicit upwind finite volume method to update the saturation. To reduce the computational cost, the pressure equation is solved on a much coarser grid than the saturation equation. The coarse-grid pressure discretization captures the influence of multiple scales via the subgrid modeling technique for single-phase flow recently proposed in [Yu. A. Kuznetsov. Mixed finite element method for diffusion equations on polygonal meshes with mixed cells. J. Numer. Math., 14 (4) (2006) 305-315; V. Gvozdev. discretization of the diffusion and Maxwell equations on polyhedral meshes. Technical Report Ph.D. Thesis, University of Houston, 2007; Yu. Kuznetsov. Mixed finite element methods on polyhedral meshes for diffusion equations, in: Computational Modeling with PDEs in Science and Engineering, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, in press]. We extend significantly the applicability of this technique by developing a new robust and efficient method for estimating the flux coarsening parameters. Specifically, with this advance the M^3 method can handle full permeability tensors and general coarsening strategies, which may generate polygonal meshes on the coarse grid. These problem dependent coarsening parameters also play a critical role in the interpolation of the flux, and hence, in the advection of saturation for two-phase flow. Numerical experiments for two-phase flow in highly heterogeneous permeability fields, including layer 68 of the SPE Tenth Comparative Solution Project, demonstrate that the M^3 method retains good accuracy for high coarsening factors in both directions, up to 64 for the considered models. Moreover, we demonstrate that with a simple and efficient temporal updating strategy for the coarsening parameters, we achieve accuracy comparable to the fine-scale solution, but at a fraction of the cost.
PALA-mediated pyrimidine starvation increases expression of aspartate transcarbamoylase (pyrB) in Arabidopsis seedlings

Abstract Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase; EC 2.1.3.2) catalyzes the committed step in the de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. We investigated the effects of N -(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA), a transition-state analog inhibitor of ATCase, on seedling growth and development, RNA and soluble protein contents, ATCase activity and enzyme protein levels, and pyrB gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana L. cv. “Columbia”. In vitro, PALA was a potent inhibitor of ATCase, with an apparent K i = 22 nM. After 5 d of treatment with 1 mM PALA, seedlings exhibited delayed germination, inhibition of cotyledon expansion, leaf development and root growth, and general chlorosis. Total RNA contents of these seedlings were decreased by 81% and total soluble protein contents decreased by 74%, compared with untreated control plants. Levels of pyrB mRNA increased about tenfold in PALA-treated plants, while ATCase activity and enzyme protein levels increased twofold. Plants grown on media containing a lower (0.1 mM) concentration of PALA did not exhibit significant inhibition of growth until after 9 d of treatment, but had markedly reduced RNA contents (40% of controls) and elevated pyrB mRNA levels (fourfold increase) after 12 d of treatment.
Triton: Scattering models and surface/atmosphere constraints

Modeling of Triton's spectrum indicates a bright scattering layer of optical depth tau about 3 overlying an optically deep layer of CH4 with high absorption and little scattering. UV absorption in the spectrum indicates tau about 0.3 of red-yellow haze, although some color may also arise from complex organics partially visible on the surface. An analysis of this and other (spectro)photometric evidence indicates that Triton most likely has a bright surface, which was partially visible in 1977-1980. Geometric albedo p = 0.62 + 0.18 or - 0.12 radius r = 1480 + or - 180 km, and temperature T = 48 + or - 6 K. With scattering optical depths of 0.3-3 and about 1-10 mb of N2, a Mars-like atmospheric density and surface visibility pertain.
A Current Output Stochastic Observer Design for Randomly Delayed Measurements

Linear minimum variance unbiased state observer design is considered for systems with randomly delayed measurements. Previous designs only assumed measurements with the same delay characteristics. In a true sensor network, there are multiple sensors whose delay characteristics may differ from one another. In this work, a stochastic observer solution to this randomly delayed measurements problem is proposed using a current output observer. We extend and generalize the existing solutions for the linear unbiased mean square optimal observer design by modeling multiple sensors having different delay characteristics. An illustrative example is provided to support the theory developed in this work.
Meta-analysis for microarray studies of the genetics of complex traits

In comparison to other complex disease traits, alcoholism and alcohol abuse are influenced by the combined effects of many genes that alter susceptibility, phenotypic expression and associated morbidity, respectively. Many genetic studies, in both animal models and humans, have identified genetic intervals containing genes that influence alcoholism or behavioral responses to ethanol. Concurrently, a growing number of microarray studies have identified gene expression differences related to ethanol drinking or other ethanol behaviors. However, concerns about the statistical power of these experiments, combined with the complexity of the underlying phenotypes, have greatly hampered the identification of candidate genes underlying ethanol behaviors. Meta-analysis approaches using recent compilations of large datasets of microarray, behavioral and genetic data promise improved statistical power for detecting the genes or gene networks affecting ethanol behaviors and other complex traits.
Contribution of Retained Organ Tissues to the Alkaline Protease Content of Mechanically Separated Atlantic Croaker (Micropogon undulatus)

The greater texture breakdown observed in gel-type products prepared from mechanically separated tissue as opposed to manually separated tissue can to some extent be attributed to the significantly higher protease activity measured in mechanically separated tissue. Failure to thoroughly wash eviscerated fish prior to mincing appears to result in the retention of tissue from internal organs as evidenced by a concommitant increase in protease activity in the minced tissue. Alkaline protease activity in croaker kidney and liver is several thousand fold higher than in skeletal muscle. Addition of kidney and liver tissue to deboned tissue from thoroughly washed fish results in increased protease activity and degradation of the fish tissue upon comminuting and cooking at 60°C. Isoelectric focusing provided evidence that the increased alkaline protease activity observed in mechanically separated fish tissue resulted to some degree from retention of kidney tissue in the fish mince. Isolation of Ca++-dependent protease fractions from liver also implicated contamination from this source as an additional contribution to the total protease activity of minced fish.
Hayes, Andrew F. (2013). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York, NY: The Guilford Press

Regression-based analyses remain some of the most widely employed statistical approaches throughout research and scholarly work. It is remarkable that with the same simple OLS multiple regression model, such a rich variety of research questions may be addressed, ranging from simple questions of prediction and explanation to the more complex questions such as modeling mediated or moderated relationships or even modeling of moderated mediation analyses. Hayes’s Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach presents a journey through regression-based approaches beginning with the most simple regression approaches (correlation and simple linear regression), continuing through traditional uses of regression for mediation and moderation analysis, and culminating in a discussion of conditional process analysis: a method for combining mediation and moderation into one singular analysis. The book is very readable and conversational, providing many interesting and useful examples, which will be of interest to the intermediate to advanced regression user.
Prevalence of oral glucocorticoid usage in the United States: a general population perspective.

Objective There is little information on oral glucocorticoid use in the general US population. Previously, there have been published estimates of glucocorticoid use in countries outside of the US. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of glucocorticoid use, duration of use, and concomitant use of antiosteoporosis pharmaceuticals in the US population age ≥20 years. Methods Data from 5 cycles (1999–2008) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to provide nationally representative weighted estimates. Oral glucocorticoids and concomitant use of antiosteoporosis pharmaceuticals (bisphosphonates, calcitonin, calcium, hormone replacement therapies, teriparatide, and vitamin D) were analyzed. Results There were 356 NHANES respondents ages ≥20 years who reported use of an oral glucocorticoid in the combined cycles between 1999 and 2008. The weighted prevalence of oral glucocorticoid use was 1.2% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1–1.4) from 1999–2008, corresponding to 2,513,259 persons in the US. The mean duration of oral glucocorticoid use was 1,605.7 days (95% CI 1,261.2–1,950.1), and 28.8% (95% CI 22.2–35.4) of oral glucocorticoid users reported use for ≥5 years. Concomitant use of a bisphosphonate was reported by 8.6% (95% CI 5.1–11.7) of oral glucocorticoid users, and 37.9% (95% CI 31.7–44.0) reported usage of any antiosteoporosis pharmaceutical. Conclusion Based on NHANES data from 1999–2008, it is estimated that the prevalence of glucocorticoid use in the US is 1.2%, with a long duration of use and infrequent use of antiosteoporotic medications compared to other estimates.
Outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants given early high-dose erythropoietin

To evaluate long-term outcomes of 60 extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants treated with or without three injections of high-dose erythropoietin (Epo). A retrospective analysis of anthropometric and neurodevelopmental outcome data comparing 30 ELBW infants enrolled in a phase I/II study examining the pharmacokinetics of high-dose Epo (500, 1000 and 2500 U/kg × 3 doses) administered to 30 concurrent controls. Birth characteristics and growth from 4 to 36 months were similar for untreated and Epo-treated patients. Multiple linear regression analysis of neurodevelopmental follow-up scores from 17/25 Epo-treated and 18/26 control infants identified that Epo correlated with improvement of cognitive (R=0.22, P=0.044) and motor (R=0.15, P=0.026) scores. No negative long-term effects of Epo treatment were evident. Retrospective analysis of the only available long-term follow-up data from ELBW infants given high-dose Epo treatment suggests that Epo treatment is safe and correlates with modest improvement of neurodevelopmental outcomes.
Delayed-neutron data for reactor-physics analysis

Recommended values for delayed-neutron data of principal interest in reactor-physics analysis are presented. These data are the absolute delayed-neutron yield, the delayed-neutron energy spectrum, ...
The structure of cerebral cortex in the rat following prenatal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine.

Abstract The early, prenatal formation of noradrenergic projections to the forebrain has led to the proposition that these axons exert a trophic influence on cerebral cortex during ontogeny. To test this hypothesis, we have examined a number of different structural features of cortical development following prenatal lesions of the ascending noradrenergic axons. The parameters that were analyzed include cytoarchitecture, dendritic morphology, and the distribution of monoaminergic and nonmonoaminergic cortical afferents. Rat fetuses were administered the catecholamine neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) by transuterine, intraperitoneal injection on embryonic day 17. Vehicle-injected controls and fetuses treated with the catecholamine uptake inhibitor desmethylimipramine (DMI) prior to 6-OHDA were prepared. After reaching maturity (200–300 g), the brains of treated and control rats were examined using Niss1 and Golgi preparations (for cytoarchitecture and dendritic morphology), histofluorescence (for monoaminergic afferents, especially dopaminergic axons), and serotonin and dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH) immunocytochemistry. Effective lesioning of the ascending noradrenergic system was confirmed in each case, using DBH immunocytochemistry. Prenatal treatment with 6-OHDA resulted in complete and long-lasting destruction of the noradrenergic innervation of the cerebral cortex, along with hyperinnervation of the diencephalon and brain stem. Despite the widespread denervation of cerebral cortex, no significant alterations in cytoarchitecture, dendritic morphology, or spine counts were found in treated brains. In particular, no abnormalities were observed in the apical dendrites of layer VI pyramidal cells, based on qualitative criteria. The distribution, density and morphology of serotonergic and dopaminergic afferents were unaffected. Thalamocortical afferents had developed normally as reflected by the cortical barrels. In 33% of the 6-OHDA-treated fetuses foci of ectopic neurons were found at the cortical surface. The ectopias contain neuronal processes, somata, and synapses interspersed with collagen and other connective tissue elements. While the ectopias may result from selective damage to the noradrenergic neurons, the finding of similar (but smaller) malformations in DMI-protected animals is equally consistent with a non-specific effect of 6-OHDA upon non-adrenergic cells. The examination of intervening stages will be needed to resolve this question. Based on the parameters of cortical structure analyzed in this study we conclude that the neocortex develops normally even in the absence of the noradrenergic system.
Linear-Quadratic Optimal Control Problems for Mean-Field Stochastic Differential Equations

Linear-quadratic optimal control problems are considered for mean-field stochastic differential equations with deterministic coefficients. By a variational method, the optimality system is derived, which is a linear mean-field forward-backward stochastic differential equation. Using a decoupling technique, two Riccati differential equations are obtained which are uniquely solvable under certain conditions. Then a feedback representation is obtained for the optimal control.
Transition from Tunneling to Hopping Transport in Long, Conjugated Oligo-imine Wires Connected to Metals

We report the electrical transport characteristics of conjugated oligonaphthalenefluoreneimine (ONI) wires having systematically varied lengths up to 10 nm. Using aryl imine addition chemistry, ONI wires were built from gold substrates by extending the conjugation length through imine linkages between highly conjugated building blocks of alternating naphthalenes and fluorenes. The resistance and current−voltage characteristics of ONI wires were measured as a function of molecular length, temperature, and electric field using conducting probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM). We have observed a transition in direct current (DC) transport from tunneling to hopping near 4 nm as previously established for oligophenyleneimine (OPI) wires. Furthermore, we have found that long ONI wires are less resistive than OPI wires. The single-wire conductivity of ONI wires is ∼1.8 ± 0.1 × 10−4 S/cm, a factor of ∼2 greater than that of OPI wires, and consistent with the lower transport activation energy (∼0.58 eV versus 0.6...
Parameters of growth from the vapor phase of ZnS crystals

Abstract Large crystals of cm size of zinc sulfide have been grown at 1350°C by the self-sealing method. Argon, hydrogen sulfide, and helium gases at various pressures were used as ambients. ΔT, the initial difference in temperature between the charge and the nucleation site, dT/dz, the temperature gradient in the growth zone and the drive rate of the growth tube through the furnace were studied as parameters of this method of growth. The optimum values of Δ T = 22 ± 3 C° gives 1.4 as the supersaturation ratio needed for initial nucleation. The rate of solid-transport has been found to be controlled by diffusion.
Marxist sociology and humanist sociology: Diversity, intersections, and convergence

Marxist sociology is at the intersection of Marxism and sociology; while humanist sociology is at the intersection of humanist thought and sociology. Both see sociological theory as a living, evolving activity, and both take a critical stance toward the workings of capitalism. The main difference between them is that Marxist sociology is a body of thought tied to a movement, whereas humanist sociology is a movement tied to a body of thought.
Linking vegetation patterns to environmental gradients and human impacts in a mediterranean-type island ecosystem

Vegetation patterns at the landscape scale are shaped by myriad processes and historical events, and understanding the relative importance of these processes aids in predicting current and future plant distributions. To quantify the influence of different environmental and anthropogenic patterns on observed vegetation patterns, we used simulta- neous autoregressive modeling to analyze data col- lected by the Carnegie Airborne Observatory over Santa Cruz Island (SCI; California, USA). SCI is a large continental island, and its limited suite of species and well documented land use history allowed us to consider many potential determinants of vegetation patterns, such as topography, substrate, and historical grazing intensity. As a metric of vegetation heteroge- neity, we used the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) stratified into three vegetation height classes using LiDAR (short, medium, and tall). In the SAR models topography and substrate type were important controls, together explaining 8-15 % of the total variation in NDVI, but historical grazing and spatial autocorrelation were also key components of the models, together explaining 17-21 % of the variation in NDVI. Optimal spatial autocorrelation distances in the short and medium height vegetation models (600-700 m) were similar to the home range sizes of two crucial seed dispersers on the island- the island fox (Urocyon littoralis santacruzae) and the island scrub-jay (Aphelocoma insularis)—suggesting that these animals may be important drivers of the island's vegetation patterns. This study highlights the importance of dynamic processes like dispersal lim- itation and disturbance history in determining present- day vegetation patterns.
Microwave spectrum of silyl methyl ether

Abstract The microwave spectra of silyl methyl ether, SiH 3 OCH 3 , and its isotopic modifications, SiH 3 OCD 3 , SiD 3 OCH 3 , and SiD 3 OCD 3 , have been observed and assigned. Large splittings arising from the internal rotation of the methyl top and somewhat smaller splittings arising from the internal rotation of the silyl top are observed. The “effective barrier” to internal rotation of the methyl top is approximately 550 cal/mole. The effective barrier to internal rotation of the silyl top is approximately 1100 cal/mole. The internal rotation of the two tops is strongly coupled, but no values for the potential coupling constants have been obtained. The dipole moment has been determined to be 1.15 ± 0.02 D (| μ a | = 0.647 ± 0.01 and | μ b | = 0.95 ± 0.02 D) from measurements of the Stark effect.
A Review of Flame Impingement Heat Transfer Studies Part 2: Measurements

ABSTRACT This paper is the second part of a comprehensive review of flame jet impingement studies. The first part concerned the experimental conditions that were used in those studies. This part concerns the measurements that were made in those studies. Both reviews describe studies where the heat transfer to a target was measured. The geometries include flames impinging: 1( normal to a cylindrical surface, 2( normal to a hemisphericaliy-nosed cylinder, 3( normal to a plane surface, and 4( parallel to a plane surface. Total heat flux to these targets has ranged up to 41 M W/m2. Three steady-state methods have been used to determine the heat fluxes: uncooled target, cooled target and cooled heat flux gage. Two transient methods have been used: an uncooled target and an uncooled gage. In these studies, the gas temperatures have ranged from 292 to 3200 K. These have commonly been measured with bare wire thermocouples and line reversal techniques. Measured gas velocities have ranged from 0.3-1400 m/s. These h...
Complex adaptive structures: scaling, commonality, and difference

Complex adaptive structures, which are ubiquitous in nature, are now being emulated for non-biological applications. The theory, analysis and design of such structures represent a challenge for those wishing to create them due to their very complexity. This paper will give an overview of the concepts inherent in such structures in nature and created by design, and why such structures can represent the solution for a number of particular applications.
A Computer-Based Corporate Planning System

The key to effective analytical support of the strategic planning process is not simply a corporate model, but an integrated system of models with appropriate software support. This paper describes a computer-based corporate planning system which combines the analytical power of optimization with simulation capabilities and more specialized planning models as elements of an interactive management system. The system has been designed to aid both periodic and ad hoc planning decisions in a large multi-national firm and can be implemented in a wide variety of corporate contexts.
Arms races and the opportunity for peace

We model the evolution of international conflict as a game of sequential decisions and show that arms races are neither necessary nor sufficient for peace or war. Peaceful intentions are not adequate to insure peace, even when both rivals wish to avoid violence. Peaceful intentions together with complete information are sufficient for peace. A preference for forcefully pursuing foreign policy goals also is not sufficient to preclude the peaceful resolution of disputes, and this is true even if there is complete information. In some circumstances, the absence of an arms race can precipitate violence, even giving the military advantage to a nation that unilaterally stopped getting ready for a war it would initiate. Finally, we also show that empirical research is likely to be biased in favor of the hypothesis that deterrence leads to peace.
Augmenting the social space of an academic conference

Academic conferences provide a social space for people to present their work, learn about others' work, and interact informally with one another. However, opportunities for interaction are unevenly distributed among the attendees. We seek to extend these opportunities by allowing attendees to easily reveal something about their background and interests in different settings through the use of proactive displays: computer displays coupled with sensors that can sense and respond to the people nearby. We designed, implemented and deployed a suite of proactive display applications at a recent academic conference: AutoSpeakerID augmented formal conference paper sessions; Ticket2Talk augmented informal coffee breaks. A mixture of qualitative observation and survey response data are used to frame the impacts of these applications from both individual and group perspectives, highlighting the creation of new opportunities for both interaction and distraction. We end with a discussion of how these social space augmentations relate to the concepts of focus and nimbus as well as the problem of shared interaction models.
A Distributed System for Cooperative MIMO Transmissions

In this paper we propose a distributed system for facilitating cooperative MIMO transmissions in networks without multiple antenna devices. MIMO diversity is achieved by employing groups of nodes in the vicinity of the source and destination to help with the transmission. The distributed sending nodes are assumed to have different carrier frequency offsets (CFO). Space-time block codes (STBC) and code combining are used to utilize spatial diversity. The estimation of multiple CFO and detector for STBC-coded data under multiple CFO are provided. The BER of the proposed system is shown and discussed. We also consider the energy consumption and compare it with other cooperative designs.
Small-angle neutron scattering characterization of micelles formed by poly(dimethylsiloxane)-graft-polyether copolymers in mixed polar solvents

The self-assembled structure of an amphiphilic poly(dimethylsiloxane)-graft-polyether copolymer has been investigated in binary solvents consisting of water and one of the following polar organic solvents: 2-propanol, ethanol, formamide, or glycerol. Micelle structural parameters were obtained by fitting the core−corona form factor and hard-sphere interaction structure factor to small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data obtained at contrast conditions where the solvents were fully deuterated and the copolymer was not. The siloxane copolymer forms in water at 20 °C micelles that consist of a “dry” core with a radius of about 6 nm and a solvated (about 40% polymer) corona with a thickness of 2 nm; the relatively thin corona may be due to the comb-type architecture of the siloxane copolymer. The micelle radii, micelle core radii, micelle association numbers, and polymer volume fractions in the micelle core and corona decreased with increasing cosolvent/water ratio in the mixed solvents containing 2-propano...
An Investigation of Rehabilitation Counselor Characteristics, White Racial Attitudes, and Self-Reported Multicultural Counseling Competencies.

This study assessed the relationship between White racial attitudes and self-reported multicultural counseling competencies. Counselor characteristics were also examined in relation to multicultural competence. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that racial attitudes explained variance in self-reported multicultural competencies beyond those explained by demographic and educational variables. These results indicate that racial attitude development should be considered an integral aspect of rehabilitation counselor education programs and continuing education opportunities for practicing rehabilitation counselors.
The social construction of AIDS during a time of evolving access to antiretroviral therapy in rural Malawi.

This paper draws upon a set of conversational journals collected over the past decade in rural Malawi, to understand how perceptions of AIDS are constructed as talk of antiretroviral therapy (ART) filters through social networks. Three distinct treatment eras frame our analysis: the early ART era (2001–2003), the ART expansion era (2004–2006) and the later ART era (2007–2009). We find that the early ART era was characterised by widespread fatalism as people recalled experiences with dying family and friends from what was perceived as an incurable and deadly disease. During the ART expansion era, AIDS fatalism was gradually replaced with a sense of uncertainty as rural Malawians became faced with two opposing realities: death from AIDS and prolonged life after ART. In the later ART era, the journals chart the rise of more optimistic beliefs about AIDS as rural Malawians slowly became convinced of ART's therapeutic payoffs. We conclude with an example of how ART created difficulties for rural Malawians to s...
A soft-decision approach for BLAST systems with less receive than transmit antennae

In this paper, a soft-decision based detection technique is developed for BLAST MIMO systems with less receive (Rx) antennae than transmit (Tx) antennae. The existing nulling and cancellation algorithm (NC) is unable to work for such systems theoretically. Avoiding any zero-forcing mechanism, the proposed approach works for rank-deficient channels via soft-decision based interference cancellation. Moreover, it outperforms NC in BLAST systems with more Rx than Tx antennae. The computational cost of the proposed approach is only on the 3rd order of the number of symbols to be recovered and linear in the signal constellation size, which is lower than the complexity of NC. This paper establishes the soft-decision approach as an attractive candidate to achieve detection performance better than that of NC. Simulation comparisons of the soft-decision approach with the NC algorithm are presented.
Racial Differences in Nonmetropolitan Population Deconcentration

Recent research suggests not only that the U.S. population has deconcentrated from metropolitan to nonmetropolitan areas but also that the 1970s have ushered in a period of widespread population deconcentration within nonmetropolitan areas. The present paper examines the extent to which U.S. blacks have participated in urban-rural deconcentration in the 1970s. The data are from censuses conducted between 1950 and 1980. The results indicate significant intra-nonmetropolitan change during this period. "After decades of black rural decline the number of blacks in rural America increased in the post-1970 period for the first time. However despite the white transition to differential rural growth [the] analysis demonstrates that blacks continued in the 1970s to follow historic patterns of concentration into metropolitan and larger urban places. Moreover the differential urban growth among blacks was found to be pervasive across a variety of spatial settings. Thus the urban-rural turnaround of the 1970s was largely a white phenomenon." (EXCERPT)
Manipulators Control Based on Collaboration Multiple Agents

In order to solve the collaboration control problem in three manipulators of automatic crystal angle sort equipment, the structure of coordinating multiple agents is designed to meet the special requirements of the application. Manipulators are link by a control network, multi-agent theory is exploited to solve the problems of collaboration control and movement coupling in manipulators and the blackboard structure is used for share of state data of manipulator's dynamic targets. As a result, agents can accomplish the own task at same time but different rooms. The manipulators based on the above design can improve labor's working conditions, increase producing efficiency, improve measure precision in the angle between crystal slice and crystal lattice, and sort exactly.
Further studies of fluid flow and mass transfer in trickle beds

Residence-time studies are reported for water trickling down through a 4-in. column packed with spheres. The transient response of the column to pulse- and step-function inputs in tracer concentration applied to the water stream was determined for both porous and nonporous packing. Significant radial variations in the distribution of residence times and the volumetric rate of flow were observed. The contribution to the response curves of diffusion into the porous packing and flow in the interparticle voids can be separated. The diffusion rates may then be characterized in terms of an effective pore diffusivity for the packing.
Feature-Rich Phrase-based Translation: Stanford University's Submission to the WMT 2013 Translation Task

We describe the Stanford University NLP Group submission to the 2013 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation Shared Task. We demonstrate the eectiveness of a new adaptive, online tuning algorithm that scales to large feature and tuning sets. For both English-French and English-German, the algorithm produces feature-rich models that improve over a dense baseline and compare favorably to models tuned with established methods.
Multiple risk factors in root survivorship: a 4‐year study in Concord grape

Summary • Minirhizotron techniques were used to examine root lifespan in Vitis labruscana (Concord grape) for roots born in four different years that varied in rainfall. • Experimental vines were given irrigation (irrigated or not) and canopy pruning treatments (minimal or balanced). Root survival was assessed from 1997 through 2000 and analysed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Model covariates included pruning, irrigation, vine yield, soil depth, root diameter, time of root birth, and numbers of neighboring roots. • Soil depth, root diameter and time of birth consistently influenced root lifespan in all years (P < 0.05). Deeper and coarser roots had longer lifespans. Roots born near bloom were shorter-lived than roots born later in the season. Pruning and irrigation influenced root lifespan in some years but their effects seemed to vary with growing-season environmental conditions. • These data underscore the value of long-term studies in distinguishing factors that consistently affect root lifespan from those that change annually with environmental conditions, and emphasize the diversity in life histories of fine roots within a species.
Proximity, Neighbourhood and the Efficacy of Exclusion:

This paper uses data on over 2800 house sales in Jacksonville, Florida, to estimate the impact of neighbourhood characteristics on house prices. A GIS progamme is used to develop neighbourhood characteristics that are unique to each observation, thereby allowing the evaluation of the impact of neighbourhood attributes in proximity to the dwelling. Except for population density, the effects of neighbourhood characteristics on property values do not decay over a 3-4-mile distance from the dwelling and the results suggest that neighbourhood characteristics over a large geographical area may have a significant effect on property values. Because the study area is a single jurisdiction, the results suggest that the housing market may generate the Tiebout-like exclusion that is usually associated with fiscal fragmentation.
Practice patterns in the treatment of female urinary incontinence: a postal and internet survey.

Objectives. To survey American urologists to assess practice patterns in treating female incontinence. Advances in the treatment of female incontinence have changed the way urologists practice. Methods. Postal and e-mail surveys were sent to 2502 members of the American Urological Association. Results. From the postal group (n = 1000), 419 (42%) responses were obtained; from the e-mail group (n = 1502), 160 (11%) responses were obtained. For types I, II, and III stress urinary incontinence (SUI), 239 (44%) of 546, 388 (68%) of 570, and 512 (94%) of 547 urologists, respectively, recommended a sling procedure. For type I SUI, 75 (53%) of the 143 respondents in practice for less than 10 years recommended a sling procedure. The sling was recommended by 62 (35%) of the 176 respondents in practice for longer than 20 years (P <0.001). Most urologists (75%, 358 of 480) referred patients with significant vaginal prolapse to a gynecologist; however, urologists in full-time academic practice were more likely to offer surgical treatment (56%, 29 of 52). Most urologists recommended medical treatment for urge incontinence (94%, 461 of 491), and the medications most commonly selected were tolterodine (41%, 202 of 491), oxybutynin (26%, 129 of 491), and extended-release oxybutynin (25%, 125 of 491). Conclusions. Overall, a sling procedure was the most commonly recommended surgical procedure for all types of SUI. Most urologists referred patients with significant vaginal prolapse to a gynecologist. For type I SUI, older urologists were more likely than younger urologists to perform needle bladder neck suspension.
AN ACCELERATED FEBRILE REACTION IN MONKEYS UPON REINOCULATION WITH POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS

1. Primary poliomyelitic infection in the monkey, as a rule, is characterized by no significant increase in the body temperature during the incubation period until 48 or 24 hours before the onset of clinical symptoms, when a critical rise of the temperature occurs. 2. The temperature curve of recovered monkeys on intracerebral reinoculation shows an almost immediate and marked febrile reaction during the first 24 or 48 hours after inoculation. A similar accelerated febrile reaction may be obtained in recovered animals after subcutaneous injection of killed virus. In case the previous infection is of very recent date, reinoculation may lead to no demonstrable reaction whatsoever. 3. Monkeys, which have received a number of parenteral injections of live virus, respond to intracerebral infection with a precocious and prolonged febrile reaction on the 3rd or 4th day after infection which may last until the onset of symptoms. 4. The altered response to reinoculation of monkeys which have previously been in contact with the virus, suggests a close analogy with the accelerated reactions observed in allergic phenomena.
Discussing Mary: An Academic's Experience of Faith in the Classroom

This personal essay explores the impact intellectual pursuit had on developing one faculty member’s faith and how religion became an integral part of the academic discussion in a literature class. Some practical applications for faculty finding religion to be relevant within the context of their discipline are discussed.
Taming uncertainty in self-adaptive software

Self-adaptation endows a software system with the ability to satisfy certain objectives by automatically modifying its behavior. While many promising approaches for the construction of self-adaptive software systems have been developed, the majority of them ignore the uncertainty underlying the adaptation decisions. This has been one of the key obstacles to wide-spread adoption of self-adaption techniques in risk-averse real-world settings. In this paper, we describe an approach, called POssIbilistic SElf-aDaptation (POISED), for tackling the challenge posed by uncertainty in making adaptation decisions. POISED builds on possibility theory to assess both the positive and negative consequences of uncertainty. It makes adaptation decisions that result in the best range of potential behavior. We demonstrate POISED's application to the problem of improving a software system's quality of service via runtime reconfiguration of its customizable software components. We have extensively evaluated POISED using a prototype of a robotic software system.
Education and the Socialization of Asian Americans: A Revisionist Analysis of the “Model Minority” Thesis

(1977). Education and the Socialization of Asian Americans: A Revisionist Analysis of the “Model Minority” Thesis. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 23-51.
A Sociobiological Examination of Management Theory Z

A premise of theory Z is that learning is the only significant source of human socialization, however, the theory's aims of individual worker fulfillment and increased aggregate productivity in a pluralistic society may be enhanced if possible instinctual contributions to behavior patterns are considered. Ideological snares in “genetic determinism” and “cultural determinism”are described and an attempt is made to depolarize these alternatives. Basic ideas about evolution and inheritance are explained briefly, with evidences from familial studies, interspecies studies, and brain research. Because societies as pluralistic as the United States are historically unusual, achieving a dynamic equilibrium of multiethnic integration that spans generations requires an unusually creative and predictive effort. Ouchi's notion of the natural mentoring relationship is a possible seed of such creative evolutionary change, suggesting a need for greater general dissemination of occupational information, to help individual...
Compact test generation for bridging faults under I/sub DDQ/ testing

We propose a procedure to generate compact test sets for bridging faults under I/sub DDQ/ testing. Several techniques are employed to achieve compact test sets. Heuristics developed for stuck-at faults are shown to be effective in this context. The techniques especially designed for bridging faults are based on the observation that the yet-undetected faults can be represented using sets of lines and that a minimum test set size is obtained if the line sets representing yet-undetected faults are halved with every additional test vector. Logic blocks called bit-adders allow the partitioning of the line sets using a test generator for stuck-at faults, without having to determine in advance how the lines in a given set will be divided. Thus partitioning can be performed in a cost effective way for any line set size. Experimental results show that the test sets generated by the proposed procedure are smaller than those obtained by previously proposed procedures.
Life cycle testing of a sealed 24-V, 42-Ah nickel-cadmium aircraft battery

Extensive research has been conducted in the design and manufacture of very long life sealed maintenance free nickel-cadmium aircraft batteries. This study presents preliminary data on a 100% depth of discharge (DOD) life test performed on a nominal capacity 42-Ah battery. The purpose of this study is to validate design concepts, determine the life characteristics of the newly designed sealed nickel-cadmium batteries, and develop baseline information on failure rates and mechanisms. The data from this experiment can be used to compare depth of discharge versus battery life with similar tests such as the lower DOD experiments performed on spacecraft batteries. This information is important in the ongoing development of long life batteries and in developing failure models for life prediction.
A wave of elevated intracellular free calcium spreads through human neutrophils during phagocytosis of zymosan.

The cytosolic concentration of free calcium ((Ca2�)i) plays an important role in the control of many neutrophil functions. In this study, we characterize the early rapid subcellular changes in (Ca2�)i that occur in adherent neutrophils during phagocytosis of zymosan particles, using both dual- and single-excitation wavelength Fura-2 ratio imaging. We observed a wave of elevated cytosolic calcium that began shortly after zymo- san contact and propagated from the region of neutrophil contact with the zymosan throughout the cell at a rate of m 17 sm/s at 31#{176}C. The wave was initiated by both op- sonized and unopsonized zymosan and occurred indepen- dently of extracellular calcium. Multiple characteristics of the LCa2ii signal (including the absolute and regional ICa2�)i and wave properties such as amplitude, frequency, duration, and topography) may be responsible for the differential regulation of cellular functions in the neu- trophil. J. Leukoc. Biol. 51: 437-443; 1992.
The Effect of Pasteurizing Liquid Whole Egg on Viscosity, α-amylase and Salmonella senftenburg

Abstract IT HAS been known for some time that several types of Salmonella, including S. pullorum and S. gallinarum, occur in chicken eggs. However, through an effective blood testing program, these poultry disease producing organisms have been nearly eliminated from present day flocks. Cantor and McFarlane (1948) indicated in their review of literature that well over 50 types of Salmonella have been isolated from spray-dried whole egg powder manufactured in the United States. Nine of the types found in egg powder, besides S. pullorum, have been isolated from shells of chicken eggs. Murdock et al. (1960) mentioned that however small the proportion of shell eggs contaminated with Salmonella, bulk liquid egg is likely to contain Salmonella. Hobbs (1962) feels that all egg products, whether liquid, frozen or dried whole eggs and wherever they originate, are contaminated with Salmonella. Pasteurization of liquid whole egg has been studied by numerous workers and it …
Education and ethnic identity formation among children of Latin American and Caribbean immigrants.

While some scholars argue that ethnic identities influence educational achievement, few studies have examined whether education influences ethnic identity formation. This study uses a longitudinal survey to examine changes in ethnic identities from adolescence to adulthood among children of Latin American and Caribbean immigrants and how educational attainments, and other life experiences, relate to those changes. Contrary to assimilation frameworks suggesting that incorporation into mainstream higher education institutions should lead to greater identification as American or with U.S.-created racial/panethnic categories, such as Latino or black, these findings show that the most educated adult respondents identified with both their countries of origin and the United States, regardless of how they identified as adolescents. This study suggests that educational institutions are important contexts in which racial and ethnic identities are formed.
A linearized CMOS Quad using selective even feedback

A CMOS Quad containing two asymmetric differential-pairs when driven by a differential input-voltage generates two output-currents: one that is approximately proportional to the input-voltage, and the other, to the square of the input-voltage. We present a simple circuit modification that feeds back the square-law current to linearize the Quad and hence reducing distortion. Also this feedback enables us to take differential output current without demanding high common mode rejection ratio from the next stage. Analytical results based on the simple square-law model for the FETs are presented. Simulation results obtained from large-signal analysis using 0.18 mum TSMC BSIM3 models show that the total harmonic distortion is below 0.25% for a 1 KHz sinusoidal input. Distortion remains low up to a frequency of 1 GHz.
Strange Parallels: Patterns in Eurasian Social Evolution

Most professional historians have abandoned the search for general patterns and laws of history, but not Victor Lieberman. Strange Parallels II (SP II), following on SP I, proposes that similar mechanisms governed state building in such different, and distant, regions as Southeast Asia, China, Western Europe, and Russia. During the period covered by Lieberman (c.8001830) the general trend within these regions of Eurasia was towards increasing political and cultural integration. This overall trend was not monotonic; it was periodically interrupted by interregna  periods of state breakdown and territorial fragmentation. However, as time unfolded the interregna became shorter and less disruptive. Remarkably, during the second millennium cycles of political integration and disintegration became increasingly correlated between the widely separated Eurasian regions. Liebermans bold thesis is combined with truly encyclopedic scholarship and a breathtaking scope. SP II is a major achievement in comparative world history that will take future researchers years to fully digest. This review essay aims to make a first step in this direction.