cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SHIPNET: a real-time local area network for ships

The authors have developed a real-time messaging system for token ring networks. The system is currently operational in a shipboard environment. The system conforms to the IEEE 802.2 LLC and 802.5 token-ring standards and is consistent with the Navy's emerging SAFENET specification. The authors provide a library of 'C' routines which establish and manage sockets, transmit and receive messages, and report network status. They show a sample user interface for a basic datagram service and another for a reliable virtual circuit service. They present performance data from an implementation on PCs and PC/ATs. Using the proposed software, a single transmitting station can generate up to 1.42 Mb/s, and 100-byte messages can be processed every 4 ms. >
Changes in Winter Atmospheric Rivers along the North American West Coast in CMIP5 Climate Models

AbstractMost extreme precipitation events that occur along the North American west coast are associated with winter atmospheric river (AR) events. Global climate models have sufficient resolution to simulate synoptic features associated with AR events, such as high values of vertically integrated water vapor transport (IVT) approaching the coast. From phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), 10 simulations are used to identify changes in ARs impacting the west coast of North America between historical (1970–99) and end-of-century (2070–99) runs, using representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5. The most extreme ARs are identified in both time periods by the 99th percentile of IVT days along a north–south transect offshore of the coast. Integrated water vapor (IWV) and IVT are predicted to increase, while lower-tropospheric winds change little. Winter mean precipitation along the west coast increases by 11%–18% [from 4% to 6% (°C)−1], while precipitation on extreme IVT days increas...
Effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and B995 on growth and metabolic products of Datura innoxia.

The aerial parts of Datura innoxia were sprayed with 2 per cent solutions of DMSO and B995 or a combination of the two. DMSO-treated plants resembled controls in habit. At the final harvest slight increases were found in the concentration of alkaloids in the plant organs but the total alkaloid content per plant was similar to the controls. The total chlorophyll content of the leaf-tops was reduced, while a 23 per cent increase was found in the water-soluble extractive. Significant reductions in height, growth and plant maturity, total alkaloid content, and chlorophyll content were found in the B995-treated plants. The concentration of stem alkaloids was increased 56 per cent at the second week and 90 per cent at the fourth week by the B995. A 14 per cent decrease was found in the alcohol-soluble extractive. When DMSO was combined with B995, the effect appeared to be additive.
Comment on “Seasonal variation in wind speed and sea state from global satellite measurements” by D. Sandwell and R. Agreen

In a recent paper, Sandwell and Agreen [1984; hereafter SA] presented figures of global seasonal wind speed and sea slate as measured by the GEOS 3 satellite altimeter. Since that time, Chelton and McCabe f 1985; hereafter CMI have found that problems exist in the algorithms used to retrieve wind speed from altimeter measurements of radar backscatter. These problems were discovered too late to be of use in the analysis of SA. however, because they have a significant impact on the accuracy of wind speed estimation from altimeters, it is important that they he pointed out now so that the results of SA are not misused. Although the results presented here do not alter many of the conclusions of SA in a qualitative sense, they do become important for any quantitative interpretation of the seasonal winds presented by SA. En addition, the data distribution maps presented here (Figures 3a-3() are useful For pointing out limitations in other applications of GEOS 3 data (e.g., use of the altimeter sea level measurements to study surface geostrophic currents). A detailed description of sea surface wind speed estimation from radar altimeters is given in CM. Briefly, wind speed retrieval is a two-step procedure. In the first step, the power of microwave radiation backscattered from the sea surface is deterrnined From parameters measured by the altimeter receiver. To account for variations in transmitted power, the return power is normalized by the transmitted power. This normalized radar cross section is usually referred to as o°. The o measurements must be corrected for variations in the attitude angle of the satellite and variations in the height of the satellite above the sea surface. The second step in wind speed retrieval is to estimate wind speed from c°. This estimation is based on the principle that the roughness of the sea surface increases with increasing wind speed. The backscattered power measured by the altimeter receiver consists of microwave radiation reflected specularly from the sea surface over an approximate 10-km footprint directly beneath the satellite. As the sea surface roughens, much of the transmitted radiation is specularly scattered away from the radar antenna. Thus wind speed is inversely related to . The algorithms used to estimate wind speed from c are purely empirical, based on comparisons with coincident measurements from buoys. In a detailed investigation of the performance of wind speed estimation from the Seasat altimeter, CM identified problems with both steps of the procedure for wind speed retrieval. For Seasat, the power received by the altimeter antenna was converted to a constant output level for other receiver stages using a digital step attenuator automatic gain control (AGC). Thus o° can be computed directly from AGC (with the aforementioned satellite attitude angle and height corrections). CM found that the tables used to compute a resulted in a dis-
Liposomal delivery of doxorubicin to hepatocytes in vivo by targeting heparan sulfate

Previous work demonstrated that liposomes, containing an amino acid sequence that binds to hepatic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan, show effective targeting to liver hepatocytes. These liposomes were tested to determine whether they can deliver doxorubicin selectively to liver and hepatocytes in vivo. Fluid-phase liposomes contained a lipid-anchored 19-amino acid glycosaminoglycan targeting peptide. Liposomes were loaded with doxorubicin and were non-leaky in the presence of serum. After intravenous administration to mice, organs were harvested and the doxorubicin content extracted and measured by fluorescence intensity and by fluorescence microscopy. The liposomal doxorubicin was recovered almost entirely from liver, with only trace amounts detectable in heart, lung, and kidney. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated doxorubicin preferentially in hepatocytes, also in non-parenchymal cells of the liver, but not in cells of heart, lung or kidney. The doxorubicin was localized within liver cell nuclei within 5 min after intravenous injection. These studies demonstrated that liposomal doxorubicin can be effectively delivered to hepatocytes by targeting the heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan of liver tissue. With the composition described here, the doxorubicin was rapidly released from the liposomes without the need for an externally supplied stimulus.
Occurrence and Duration of Long-Lasting Peripheral Adaptation Among Males of Three Species of Economically Important Tortricid Moths

Electroantennograms (EAGs) of Cydia pomonella (L.), Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott, and Grapholita molesta (Busck) documented the presence and duration of long-lasting peripheral adaptation after pheromone preexposure. Moths of each species were preexposed fo r1ht ovarying dosages (100 ngÐ100 mg) of the major components of their respective pheromone blends in 1-liter Teson containers with constant throughput of air. EAGs were performed on all insects 1 min after preexposure and at several subsequent intervals up to 120 min after exposure. Long-lasting peripheral adaptation was recorded by EAG after pheromone preexposure over a range of pheromone dosages in both C. pomonella (100 gÐ10 mg) and P. pyrusana (100 ngÐ100 mg). This reduction in EAG responsiveness lasted 60 and 10 min, respectively, for these two species. For G. molesta, a reduction in EAG responsiveness occurred only afte r1ho fexposure to the highest dosage of pheromone tested (100 mg). Recovery from adaptation was also rapid in this species: EAGs were signiÞcantly reduced to all applied stimulus dosages only at 1-min postexposure. There was substantial variation in the prevalence and duration of decreased EAG responsiveness across the species investigated. However, where long-lasting adaptation was described, the phenomenon lasted 60 min. In addition, long- lasting adaptation was induced after prolonged exposures at estimated airborne concentrations of pheromone in the range of nanograms per milliliter, which are much higher than the pheromone concentrations in Þeld plots treated with synthetic pheromone dispensers. Long-lasting peripheral adaptation after pheromone preexposure does not seem to be an important contributor to mating disruption.
WiMAX dynamnic beamforming antenna

This presents our design and development of an 8-channel adaptive beamforming antenna for new developments in radio technology: the emergence of chip-based components implementing the recently completed IEEE 802.16d-2004 (WiMAX) radio standard [1-4]. WiMAX offers the potential of long-range (up to 50 miles) and high bandwidth (up to 50 Mb/s) radio links. Although the new WiMAX standard offers the potential for using smart, adaptive antennas, this functionality has not been implemented. Our design will serve as a common platform for testing adaptive array algorithms including direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, beamforming, and adaptive tracking, as well as complete wireless communication with a WiMAX radio. Heavy emphasis will be placed on ease of implementation in a multi-channel/multi-user environment. In the future, we hope to expand this interface to support dynamic radio channel selection via direct interaction with radio hardware or implementation of a cognitive radio system.
Syntheses of 1‐dodecyl‐d25 phosphate

1-Dodecyl-d25 phosphate was prepared from commercially available 1-dodecanol-d26. The 1-dodecanol-d26 reacted with diphenyl phosphorochloridate to produce 1-dodecyl-d25 diphenyl phosphate, which was reduced with hydrogen in the presence of Adams catalyst to give a 58.9 percent yield of 1-dodecyl-d25 phosphate with 99.4 atom percent deuterium.
The use during pregnancy of prescription, over-the-counter, and alternative medications among Hispanic Women

: Background: Despite lack of scientific evidence about the safety of complementary and alternative medicines, the reported use of such remedies during pregnancies has increased. This study was undertaken to investigate the use of herbs, vitamins, and over-the-counter and prescription medications among pregnant Hispanic women and reasons for use, and to assess physician–patient level of communication about women’s use. Methods: A total of 485 Hispanic women were surveyed by means of a self-administered questionnaire immediately postpartum in a public hospital in Houston, Texas. The primary outcome was use of alternative therapies during the prenatal period. Results: During their pregnancies, 19 percent of the participants took herbs and 47 percent took vitamin supplements, other than prenatal vitamins. The most common reason for using herbs and vitamins was to improve the woman’s general health and energy level (59%); a few women (12%) had used them for specific pregnancy-related problems. Overall, 77 percent took prenatal vitamins and 21 percent supplemented with folic acid. The rates of use of over-the-counter and prescription medications were 23 and 29 percent, respectively. The use of prescription medication was two-and-a-half times higher among women with history of medical problems (adjusted OR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.59–4.25, p = 0.0001). No other factor studied was independently associated with supplement or medication use. One in five women (20%) believed that herbs and vitamins were safer to use than prescription medication or were better at treating medical problems than prescription medicine, and one-third had not disclosed information about supplement use to their physicians. Conclusions: Use of herbal remedies does not appear to be a replacement for conventional medicine among most pregnant Hispanic women. Patient education about the risks of alternative therapies may lead to a reduction in intake of alternative medicines and greater disclosure to medical practitioners among this ethnic group. (BIRTH 37:3 September 2010)
Curvature-induced polarization in carbon nanoshells

We investigate the normal polarization induced by bending of graphite shells, which microscopically occurs because of a shift in sp 2 hybridization at each atomic site. Based on a rehybridization model we analytically estimate the dependence on curvature of electronic charge spill into convex region. We further performed DFT calculations and extract the radial atomic dipole by direct electronic charge density integration. A continuum analysis assigns a linear susceptibility tensor to the curvature-induced polarization and shows that this tensor is isotropic for hexagonal lattice, in agreement with microscopic model and computations. The intrinsic polarization effect can be important for nanoscale electronics. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Recursive moving window DFT algorithm

A recursive algorithm is presented for computing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The algorithm is developed for a moving-window-type processing. The computational structure is fully concurrent and allows a vectorized updating of the DFT. The total time required for the updating could be as low as that of only one multiplication and two additions, regardless of the number of points. A possible structure for executing the computations is developed, and possible enhancements are analyzed. >
Evaluation of pentosan polysulfate sodium in the postoperative recovery from cranial cruciate injury in dogs: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Objective— To evaluate the efficacy of pentosan polysulfate (PPS) for improving the recovery period and mitigate the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) of the canine stifle after extracapsular stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injuries. Study Design— Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Animals— Dogs (n=40) with unilateral CCL instability. Methods— Each dog had an extracapsular stabilization of the stifle with or without partial meniscectomy. Dogs were divided into 4 groups based on preoperative radiographic assessment and whether a partial meniscectomy was performed. Dogs were randomly assigned to either (3 mg/kg) PPS or placebo treatment in each group, and then injected subcutaneously weekly for 4 weeks. Lameness, radiographic changes, biological marker concentration in blood and urine, and ground reaction forces (GRFs) were collected preoperatively, and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 weeks. Data were analyzed within and between groups using repeated measures ANOVA; P<.05 was considered significant. Results— No adverse reactions to PPS were reported. Thirty-nine dogs completed a minimum of 24-weeks follow-up and 33 dogs completed 48 weeks. All dogs clinically improved after surgery without differences in lameness score, vertical GRFs, or radiographic progression. Grouped and evaluated only by initial radiographic score, PPS-treated dogs improved significantly faster in braking GRFs than placebo-treated dogs. In dogs with partial meniscectomies, urine deoxypyridinoline, and serum carboxy-propeptide of type II collagen were significantly increased at 6 weeks in placebo-treated dogs compared with PPS-treated dogs. Conclusions— PPS administered after stabilization of the cruciate deficient stifle may prove to be a useful adjunctive treatment option, although further studies are necessary to substantiate this claim.
Confusion about C4d and Humoral Rejection: See 4 Yourself

Cellular (T-cell), humoral (antibody), and innate (natural killer cell) immunity all potentially initiate graft rejection, although most attention and treatment strategies have focused on cellular rejection. Antibody-mediated (humoral) rejection (AMR) has been implicated in ‘‘hyperacute’’ and ‘‘accelerated’’ rejection, which have become rare in the modern transplantation era. Recent evidence, however, indicates that AMR is involved in both acute and chronic rejection. The major risk for humoral rejection is presensitization, usually due to prior transplantation, transfusion, or pregnancy, the latter likely accounting for higher reported rates in women. However, most patients with AMR had a negative cross-match at the time of transplantation. Other associations with humoral rejection include cytomegalovirus seropositivity, OKT3 prophylaxis, and the use of mechanical circulatory assist devices in cardiac transplant patients. The incidence of AMR varies and depends, in part, on the rate of presensitization in the population at each transplant center, but also on diagnostic criteria. Antibody-mediated rejection is usually caused by antibodies to either human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I or class II donor antigens and local activation of the complement cascade. The capillary endothelium is the major target of circulating HLA antibodies. Non-HLA antibodies, such as in ABO incompatible grafts and, uncommonly, antibodies against tissue-specific or organ-specific antigens, have also been implicated (examples in Table 1).
RfaL Is Required for Yersinia pestis Type III Secretion and Virulence

ABSTRACT Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject cytotoxic Yop proteins directly into the cytosol of mammalian host cells. The T3SS can also be activated in vitro at 37°C in the absence of calcium. The chromosomal gene rfaL ( waaL ) was recently identified as a virulence factor required for proper function of the T3SS. RfaL functions as a ligase that adds the terminal N -acetylglucosamine to the lipooligosaccharide core of Y. pestis. We previously showed that deletion of rfaL prevents secretion of Yops in vitro . Here we show that the divalent cations calcium, strontium, and magnesium can partially or fully rescue Yop secretion in vitro , indicating that the secretion phenotype of the rfaL mutant may be due to structural changes in the outer membrane and the corresponding feedback inhibition on the T3SS. In support of this, we found that the defect can be overcome by deleting the regulatory gene lcrQ . Consistent with a defective T3SS, the rfaL mutant is less virulent than the wild type. We show here that the virulence defect of the mutant correlates with a decrease in both T3SS gene expression and ability to inject innate immune cells, combined with an increased sensitivity to cationic antimicrobial peptides.
Post-synthesis DNA Modifications Using a trans-Cyclooctene Click Handle

Post-synthesis DNA modification is a very useful method for DNA functionalization. This is achieved by using a modified NTP, which has a handle for further modifications, replacing the corresponding natural NTP in polymerase-catalyzed DNA synthesis. Subsequently, the handle can be used for further functionalization after PCR, preferably through a very fast reaction. Herein we describe polymerase-mediated incorporation of trans-cyclooctene modified thymidine triphosphate (TCO-TTP). Subsequently, the trans-cyclooctene group was reacted with a tetrazine tethered to other functional groups through a very fast click reaction. The utility of this DNA functionalization method was demonstrated with the incorporation of a boronic acid group and a fluorophore. The same approach was also successfully used in modifying a known aptamer for fluorescent labelling applications.
A solution for the priority queue problem of deadline-ordered service disciplines

To provide service guarantees in packet-switching networks, several deadline-ordered service disciplines have been proposed, including delay-EDD (earliest due deadline), jitter-EDD, leave-in-time, RFS, and virtual-clock. In a deadline-ordered service discipline, packets are assigned transmission deadlines and are transmitted according to the deadline-ordered scheduling policy: transmit packets in increasing order of deadlines. Although these service disciplines provide desirable quality of service (QoS) guarantees, they have been regarded as infeasible for high-speed networks due to the high overhead imposed by the sorting of packets in the server queue. This paper shows that these service disciplines become efficient if they replace the deadline-ordered scheduling policy with a new scheduling policy that is defined. This new scheduling policy uses hardware support to achieve an O(1) time complexity. We prove that a server that employs this new scheduling policy provides a delay bound to real-time packets that is slightly larger than what the server can provide with deadline-ordered scheduling.
In vivo measurement of breast skin elasticity and breast skin thickness.

Background The mechanical properties of the breast skin play an important role in explaining the changes associated with radiotherapy, tissue expansion, and breast reconstruction surgery. Quantitative measurement of mechanical properties of breast skin is essential for surgical preplanning and outcome prediction. We have measured the skin elasticity properties and skin thickness of the breast using noninvasive methods. Methods The DermaLab suction cup and the DermaScanC ultrasound were used to measure the modulus of elasticity and the skin thickness, respectively. Measurements were taken in 16 different locations on the breast in 23 female patients, also with patients in supine and upright position. Different analytical models (plate, membrane, large deformation) that can represent the experiment were studied to extract the elasticity modulus. Results The average modulus of breast skin elasticity found was 344 ± 88 kPa (Mean ± SD) with 95% confidence interval being 306–382 kPa. The range of the modulus was 195–480 kPa. The average thickness of breast skin was 1.55 ± 0.25 mm with a range of 0.83–2.4 mm. Conclusions Regional variations of breast skin elasticity properties and breast skin thickness were observed. No direct correlations of biomechanical properties with age or breast thickness were observed. No significant difference was observed in the elasticity modulus between the supine and upright patient positions.
Heterogeneous Returns to U.S. College Selectivity and the Value of Graduate Degree Attainment

Existing studies on the returns to college selectivity have mixed results, mainly due to the difficulty of controlling for selection into higher quality colleges based on unobserved ability. Moreover, researchers have not considered graduate degree attainment in the analysis of labor market returns to college selectivity. In the first chapter, I estimate the causal effect of college selectivity on wages including graduate degree attainment. I control for both observed and unobserved selection by extending the model of Carneiro, Hansen, and Heckman (2003). There are two channels through which college selectivity affects future labor market outcomes. The first is the wage returns to college selectivity conditional on graduate degree attainment. The second is the effect of college selectivity on the probability of graduate degree attainment and the wage returns to graduate degree attainment. The results show that graduating from a college of one standard deviation higher selectivity leads to a 3.7% higher hourly wage ten years after college graduation regardless of graduate degree attainment. In addition, a one standard deviation increase in college quality increases the expected returns to graduate degree attainment by 0.8% (4.3% increase in the probability of graduate degree attainment multiplied by 18.6% returns to a graduate degree).
A Primer on Prescription Drug Abuse and the Role of the Pharmacy Director

Prescription drug abuse, or using a prescription drug in a way not intended by the provider, has become such an issue in the United States that in 2013 the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classified it as a new epidemic. The goal of this article is to provide pharmacy directors with a primer on prescription drug abuse and its prevention. This article will cover the causes and societal impact of prescription drug abuse, review recent and proposed strategies to prevent prescription drug abuse, and discuss efforts within the health system to reduce the risks of narcotic diversion that can lead to prescription drug abuse. There are several health and societal factors that have contributed to the rise in prescription drug abuse. As there is no singular contributory factor to this epidemic, there is no easy solution for proper containment and monitoring of prescription drug use. Pharmacy directors play a vital role in the safe use of prescription medications by providing for fail-safe systems for accounting and controlling prescription drugs. In addition, pharmacists can play a role in educating patients and health care workers on the dangers of prescription drug abuse. Health systems should form teams to identify drug diversion and provide an intervention that demands accountability while helping the impaired professional. Health system pharmacy directors must play an integral role in these efforts and continue to seek opportunities to reduce any risks for prescription drug abuse.
Private Security and the Provision of International Public Goods

We examine the effect of private maritime security on international public safety by analyzing International Maritime Organization vessel security data from 2007-2014. During this time a considerable spike in maritime piracy occurred in East Africa, West Africa and East Asia. We exploit the fact that privately contracted armed security personnel are only legal in East and West Africa, finding that private security reduces the likelihood of a vessel being boarded by approximately 97 percent. Moreover, private security provides the international public good of maritime piracy prevention, as unsecured vessels are approximately 7 percent less likely to be boarded.
Más Allá Del Acceso: Segregación Social E Inequidad En El Sistema Educativo Argentino (Beyond Access: Social Segregation and Inequality in the Argentine Education System)

Spanish Abstract: El objetivo de este articulo es diagnosticar el problema de la segregacion del alumnado por nivel socioeconomico en la escuela secundaria argentina, factor que profundiza la inequidad de los aprendizajes. Su contribucion es evaluar que tan desigual es la distribucion de los estudiantes de distinto origen social entre las redes de gestion publica y privada, y entre las escuelas de cada subsistema. Para ello, se estiman diversos indices sinteticos utilizando datos del Programa para la Evaluacion Internacional de Alumnos (PISA) 2000 y 2009. Los resultados reflejan un nivel general de segregacion moderado a alto, y una evolucion dispar del fenomeno entre los distintos sectores durante el periodo. English Abstract: This article aims to diagnose the problem of socioeconomic segregation, which ultimately leads to greater inequality in academic achievement in the Argentine secondary school system. The main contribution is to assess the unevenness in the distribution of students from different socioeconomic backgrounds across the public and private school sectors, as well as across schools within each sector. For this purpose, various synthetic indices are estimated using data from PISA 2000 and 2009. Results suggest that the general level of social segregation is moderate-to-high, and that the evolution across sectors has been dissimilar during this period.
Direct Binding of CRKL to BCR-ABL Is Not Required for BCR-ABL Transformation

CRKL has previously been shown to be a major tyrosine phosphorylated protein in neutrophils of patients with BCR-ABL+ chronic myelogenous leukemia and in cell lines expressing BCR-ABL. CRKL and BCR-ABL form a complex as demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation and are capable of a direct interaction in a yeast two-hybrid assay. We have mapped the site of interaction of CRKL and BCR-ABL to the amino terminal SH3 domain of CRKL with a proline rich region in the C-terminus of ABL. The proline-rich region was mutated and the effect of this deletion on BCR-ABL transforming function was assayed. Our data show that this deletion does not impair the ability of BCR-ABL to render myeloid cells factor independent for growth. In cells expressing the proline deletion mutation of BCR-ABL, CRKL is still tyrosine phosphorylated and forms a complex with BCR-ABL as demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation. Our data suggest that the interaction between CRKL and the proline deletion mutant of BCR-ABL is an indirect interaction as CRKL does not interact directly with the proline deletion mutant of BCR-ABL in a gel overlay assay or in a yeast two-hybrid assay. Thus, a direct interaction of CRKL and BCR-ABL is not required for CRKL to become tyrosine phosphorylated by BCR-ABL and suggests that CRKL function may still be required for BCR-ABL function through an indirect interaction.
FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL OF A CIRCULAR CYLINDER VORTEX SHEDDING MODEL

A short computational program was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of a closed-loop control strategy for the stabilization of an unstable bluff-body flow. In this effort, the nonlinear one-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau wake model at 20% above the analogue of critical wake Reynolds number was studied. The numerical model, which is a nonlinear partial differential equation with complex coefficients, was solved using the FEMLAB/MATLAB package and validated by comparison with published literature. The closed loop system was controlled using a conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller as well as a nonlinear fuzzy controller. A single sensor is used for feedback, and the actuator is represented by altering the boundary conditions of the cylinder. The closed-loop feedback strategy examined included proportional control, PID control and fuzzy logic control. Results show that the fuzzy logic control provided the best response with respect to the onset of vortex suppression, the settling times, as well as the control effort applied. The results indicate that for a single sensor scheme, the increase in the sophistication of the control results in significantly shorter settling times. However, there is only a marginal improvement concerning the suppression of the wake at higher Reynolds numbers.
Incorporation of Phosphorus32 and Selenium75 in Cock Sperm

Abstract DURING early embryonic life the primordial sex cells become organized within the testes in the form of tortuous tubules called the seminiferous tubules (Patten, 1929). The future gamete-producing cells or spermatogonia in the tubules remain quiescent during the period of body growth which precedes sexual maturity. The spermatogonia augment their numbers by active division when the cock becomes sexually active. Primary spermatocytes became second spermatocytes and then spermatids are formed which then become spermia without division. The spermia is mostly nucleus, having very little cytoplasm and also the nucleus is chiefly DNA (deoxyribonucleic acids). A small amount of RNA (ribonucleic acid) is found in the nucleus of bull sperm. Abraham and Bhargava (1963a) reported that spermatozoa obtained from cocks did not incorporate radioactive amino acids into their proteins. This was probably due to the very limited amount of RNA being present. Abraham and Bhargava (1963b) showed that incubated bull and…
Abstract 4940: Activated signaling mechanism of glioblastoma recurrence derived from genetics, epigenetics, and genomics abnormalities

Recurrence or progession happens to certain glioblastoma (GBM) patients after given surgeries and complex treatment regimens. This implies that the pathways related to cell growth or apoptosis resistance have been activated. However, it lacks an efficient model to identify the activated pathways from a variety of data generated by the platforms on genetics, epigenetics, and genomics. Here, we develop a new computational model, called as CSB-MOO (Cancer Signaling Bridges - Multiple Objective Optimization), to address signaling mechanism associated with the recurrence or progression of GBM. We used a pathway-driven method to address the activated pathways. In the model of CSB-MOO, a new type of network elements, Cancer Signaling Bridge (CSB), was used to expand the known signaling pathways to the cancer genes (with genetic disorders) of GBM. Facilitated by CSBs, more than 60 known signaling pathways are found to be connected with the cancer genes for GBM. Then, a well-established mathematical method, Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO), was applied to identify activated pathways from multiple-type data. We used Pareto optimal to solve this MOO problem. We applied the CSB-MOO to the multiple-type data of GBM in TCGA (n=595). 15 proteins are activated in the 7 common pathways for both of the patients with and without recurrence/progression. These proteins include EGFR and JAK proteins. The patients without recurrence or progression activate another 11 activated proteins related to metabolic of amino acids (Tryptophan and Phenylalanine). Specifically, the patients with recurrence or progression activate another seventeen proteins, e.g., PIK3R1, and 2 protein complexes, i.e., [PLCG2/PLCG1] and [ITPR3/ITPR2/ITPR1], in which the SH2 domain of PIK3R1 acts an adaptor between the kinases [PLCG2/PLCG1] and the targeted proteins. In addition, these proteins facilitate the signal transduction from EGFR to downstream proteins through mediating phosphorylation. This is consistent with the fact that the recurrence/progression patients can activate the progession of GMB. The identified activated pathways classify the GBM patients with and without recurrence/progression in an accuracy of 80.89% (P −4 , Fisher exact test). Survival analysis indicates that the activated pathways with genetics, epigenetics, and genomics patterns accurately predict the patients’ lifespan (P = 0.0007, Chi-squared test). Acknowledgements: This work was supported by NIH grant U54CA149196 to STCW. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4940. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4940
Structural Phase Transitions by Design in Monolayer Alloys

Two-dimensional monolayer materials are a highly anomalous class of materials under vigorous exploration. Mo- and W-dichalcogenides are especially unusual two-dimensional materials because they exhibit at least three different monolayer crystal structures with strongly differing electronic properties. This intriguing yet poorly understood feature, which is not present in graphene, may support monolayer phase engineering, phase change memory and other applications. However, knowledge of the relevant phase boundaries and how to engineer them is lacking. Here we show using alloy models and state-of-the-art density functional theory calculations that alloyed MoTe2–WTe2 monolayers support structural phase transitions, with phase transition temperatures tunable over a large range from 0 to 933 K. We map temperature–composition phase diagrams of alloys between pure MoTe2 and pure WTe2, and benchmark our methods to analogous experiments on bulk materials. Our results suggest applications for two-dimensional mater...
Findings on the efficacy and safety of thrombolytic therapy. An analysis of key clinical trials.

Clinical trials during the last decade identified thrombus as the prime causative agent of acute myocardial infarction and subsequently documented the ability of various agents to lyse the occlusive thrombus. This article outlines key concepts necessary to evaluate clinical trial results. Research studies of thrombolytic therapy using streptokinase, rt-PA, and APSAC are described and compared. Safety, efficacy, and concomitant medical and interventional therapy are discussed.
Peripheral chemoreceptor control of neurohypophysial blood flow

Neurohypophysial blood flow responses to hypoxic hypoxia were studied under conditions of vagotomy, carotid sinus denervation, and combined vagotomy and carotid sinus denervation. Arterial O2 tension was lowered from 128 +/- 3 to 31 +/- 1 Torr, whereas pH and arterial CO2 tension remained constant. Denervation of either carotid sinus or aortic arch chemoreceptors alone does not attenuate the dilation of neurohypophysial vessels that accompanies hypoxic hypoxia. Combined denervation, however, completely blocks this response for the neurohypophysis but not for any other brain region studied. Hypoxic hypoxia resulted in an increase in plasma vasopressin (AVP) from approximately 8 to approximately 40 pg/ml. This increase occurred in the intact, vagotomy, and carotid sinus-denervation conditions. This neurosecretory response was also completely inhibited by combined denervation. For most brain regions peripheral chemoreceptors are not involved in the blood flow response; however, the response of the neurohypophysis appears to be mediated via these chemoreceptors, presumably by altering the neuroeffector activity to this region. In addition our data suggest a temporal relationship between neurohypophysial vasodilation and neurosecretion of AVP.
Nutritional status of patients after extended tube feeding1

A single formula diet, fortified with essential nutrients, can be developed to maintain nutritional status over extended periods.
Production and use of synthesis gas

Synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, is one of the most useful materials in the chemical industry. Its usefulness derives from its versatility in producing a diversity of products, depending on the selection of temperature, pressure, CO/H2 ratio, and catalyst. A further aspect of the versatility of synthesis gas is its ability to be manufactured from any of the hydrocarbon fuels - indeed, in principle, almost any source of carbon - and the ease of altering the composition via the water-gas shift reaction.
Theoretical Model for the Phospholipid Bilayer System: Single Component Phase Transition and Binary Mixture Phase Diagram

An interesting and important problem in statistical mechanics is the phospholipid main phase transition and related phenomena. A phospholipid molecule may be thought of as being composed of a polar head group molecular subunit to which are attached two alkyl chain “tails.”1 In aqueous solution, under conditions of excess water, these molecules are organized into bilayer structures. The bilayer may be viewed as a planar assembly with thickness approximately twice the length of the chain tails (~ 60 A). The polar head groups are confined to the two planes which define the surface of the bilayer and are in contact with the water on the outside of the bilayer. The hydrophobic alkyl chains are confined to the interior of the bilayer and extend from the polar head group to which they are attached to the plane which is the mid plane of the bilayer. Water is almost totally excluded from the interior of the bilayer.
Developmental effects of fipronil on Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos.

Pesticides in urban runoff are a major source of pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide, found in structural pest control products, turf grass control, and home pet flea medication, has recently increased in use and is commonly detected in urban runoff. However, little is known about the effects of fipronil on aquatic organisms at early developmental stages. Here, we evaluated toxicity of fipronil to embryos of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes, Qurt strain) using a high-throughput 96-well plate toxicity test. Male and female embryos (<6 h post fertilization) were exposed to concentrations of fipronil ranging from 0.1 to 910 μg L-1 for 14 days or until hatching. Embryos were subjected to gross and microscopic examinations of developmental adverse effects as well as transcriptome analysis using RNA-seq. Results indicated a positive dose-response in reduced hatching success, increased gross deformity (tail curvature) at a lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC) of 200 μg L-1 and delayed hatching (∼1 day at the highest concentration, LOEC = 600 μg L-1). The transcriptome analysis indicated that fipronil exposure enhanced expression of titin and telethonin, which are responsible for muscle development. It is therefore possible that the formation of a tail curvature is due to asymmetrical overgrowth of muscle. Our results indicate that sub-lethal effects occur in embryonic stages of an aquatic vertebrate following exposure to high concentrations of fipronil, although no adverse effects at the highest published environmentally relevant concentration (6.3 μg L-1) were observed.
Propagation-Aware Time Synchronization for Indoor Applications: Demo Abstract

In this demonstration we present Pulsar, a speed-of-light propagation-aware time synchronization platform. Pulsar uses ultra-wideband (UWB) radios for time transfer with each node backed by a chip scale atomic clock (CSAC) that in combination are able to provide accuracy on the order of 10's of nanoseconds for indoor applications. The demonstration will show two Pulsar boards generating a tightly synchronized PPS output that is able to adjust for the distance between the nodes. Even without communication, the devices maintain synchronization over multiple seconds due to a stable CSAC clocking the system.
Historical Observations on Archaeology in the Polish People’s Republic, 1945–1989

This article represents a personal perspective and the culmination of my experiences in doing archaeological research in the Polish People’s Republic, 1945- 1989. I make observations on various aspects of Polish archaeology including politics, organization, method, and theory. Major changes occurred in archaeology and politics during this period. There was not much Marxism in archaeology in communist Poland. It is important to evaluate this period objectively and dispassionately examining its positive and negative aspects and the specific Polish context.
Race/Ethnicity and Health-Related Quality of Life Among LGBT Older Adults.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Few existing studies have addressed racial/ethnic differences in the health and quality of life of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older adults. Guided by the Health Equity Promotion Model, this study examines health-promoting and health risk factors that contribute to racial/ethnic health disparities among LGBT adults aged 50 and older. DESIGN AND METHODS We utilized weighted survey data from Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study. By applying multiple mediator models, we analyzed the indirect effects of race/ethnicity on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) via demographics, lifetime LGBT-related discrimination, and victimization, and socioeconomic, identity-related, spiritual, and social resources. RESULTS Although African Americans and Hispanics, compared with non-Hispanic Whites, reported lower physical HRQOL and comparable psychological HRQOL, indirect pathways between race/ethnicity and HRQOL were observed. African Americans and Hispanics had lower income, educational attainment, identity affirmation, and social support, which were associated with a decrease in physical and psychological HRQOL. African Americans had higher lifetime LGBT-related discrimination, which was linked to a decrease in their physical and psychological HRQOL. African Americans and Hispanics had higher spirituality, which was associated with an increase in psychological HRQOL. IMPLICATIONS Findings illustrate the importance of identifying both health-promoting and health risk factors to understand ways to maximize the health potential of racially and ethnically diverse LGBT older adults. Interventions aimed at health equity should be tailored to bolster identity affirmation and social networks of LGBT older adults of color and to support strengths, including spiritual resources.
Composite Analysis of Means: Inquiry of CFO Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in SDA North American Division Conferences

This examination was aroused by thoughts that perceptions of SDA Conference leadership impacts how roles, responsibilities and relationships of CFOs are viewed in terms of their understanding and working knowledge of CFO duties. Data collected in Bermuda, Canada and USA. Descriptive Statistical analysis of Means indicated significant differences among leadership perceptions .
An Ab Initio Exciton Model Including Charge-Transfer Excited States.

The Frenkel exciton model is a useful tool for theoretical studies of multichromophore systems. We recently showed that the exciton model could be used to coarse-grain electronic structure in multichromophoric systems, focusing on singly excited exciton states [Acc. Chem. Res. 2014, 47, 2857−2866]. However, our previous implementation excluded charge-transfer excited states, which can play an important role in light-harvesting systems and near-infrared optoelectronic materials. Recent studies have also emphasized the significance of charge-transfer in singlet fission, which mediates the coupling between the locally excited states and the multiexcitonic states. In this work, we report on an ab initio exciton model that incorporates charge-transfer excited states and demonstrate that the model provides correct charge-transfer excitation energies and asymptotic behavior. Comparison with TDDFT and EOM-CC2 calculations shows that our exciton model is robust with respect to system size, screening parameter, and...
A case with coil embolization for ruptured aneurysm associated with fenestration of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery

An 87-year-old man hospitalized for subarachnoid hemorrhage showed a ruptured aneurysm arising from fenestration of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery. Endovascular treatment was selected and the aneurysm and superior limb were embolized completely using three coils. Fenestration of the posterior cerebellar artery is exceedingly rare. In addition, we present a first case of aneurysm as fenestration of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery that was definitively identified as a cause of bleeding.
Navigating Copyright in Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Graduate students completing an electronic thesis or dissertation (ETD) may encounter issues related to copyright, either their own or that held by others, at several points throughout the creation and submission of their ETD. Since ETDs are often hosted in an institutional repository or other online collection hosted by the library, library personnel involved in the process must be aware of these points of failure and understand the nuances of copyright with regard to reuse of materials, their institution’s policies governing student scholarship, and the policies of their institutional repository or online collection. This poster will review the relevant literature related to copyright and ETDs, outline the major junctures where librarians may contribute to copyright education for graduate students (and others), and offer suggestions for librarians seeking to engage with graduate students completing their ETDs.