cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrated Resilient Aircraft Control

Stability, maneuverability, and safe landing in the presence of adverse conditions need an integrated approach for addressing various flight control aspects of resilient aircraft control. Adverse events include loss of control caused by environmental factors, actuator and sensor faults or failures, and expand toward more complicated damage conditions. In this chapter, the application focus of the technologies presented is for current and next generation subsonic civil transports. However, a majority of the challenges addressed by these technologies are general in nature, and therefore, the solutions will apply to a large class of aviation vehicles. The chapter first defines the flight control architecture that integrates various aspects of flight and propulsion control and a discussion on the technical challenges associated with resilient aircraft control are presented. The flight control technologies specifically addressed for resiliency include inner-loop adaptive control, integrated flight and propulsion control, and outer-loop intelligent guidance and planning. Keywords: flight control; adaptive control; integrated flight and propulsion control; flight planning and guidance; aviation safety; automatic control; intelligent trajectory guidance; engine response; maneuvering envelope
Surveying the Scholarship

For several centuries, Greek art and archaeology have held pride of place in the study of humanities and the pursuit of an education of quality. Often that position of utmost authority has been both a blessing and a curse, leading to the funding of spectacular adventures such as the excavation of Troy or to a dilettante’s pursuit of antiquities. When embarking on any discussion of research in Greek art, the earliest attitudes towards antiquities must be acknowledged and the first researchers must be respected as the foundation on which modern scholarship is based. The study of Greek art and archaeology is object-based and carries the weight of centuries of tradition (Whitley 2001: 11). Nevertheless, one must understand the history of the discipline and still find new methods to further its viability. At the end of that road, a plethora of research tools exists for the scholar of Greek art and archaeology, accessible both online and in print. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight both the path to research in Greek art and archaeology and the best and brightest of the resources available to the scholar. At the heart of scholarship on Greek art and archaeology has always been the debate between the art-historical model exemplified by the work of Sir John Beazley in his lists of painters and potters (http://www.beazley. ox.ac.uk/index.htm) and the archaeological model of Edmond Pottier, the founder of the Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum, who stressed the process and environment encasing the object (Rouet 2001: 109). Subsequent publications in the field of Greek art and archaeology in the 20th c. tended CHAPTER 38
Local duality and the discrete logarithm problem

It is shown that the computational complexity of Tate local duality is closely related to that of the discrete logarithm problem over finite fields. Local duality in the multiplicative case and the case of Jacobians of curves over p-adic local fields are considered. When the local field contains the necessary roots of unity, the case of curves over local fields is polynomial time reducible to the multiplicative case, and the multiplicative case is polynomial time equivalent to computing discrete logarithm in finite fields. When the local field dose not contains the necessary roots of unity, similar results can be obtained at the cost of going to an extension that does contain these roots of unity.
Comparing structural equation models that use different measures of the level of response to alcohol.

Background: The two measures of a low level of response (LR) to alcohol, an alcohol challenge and the retrospective Self-Report of the Effects of Alcohol questionnaire (SRE), each identify individuals at high risk for heavy drinking and alcohol problems. These measures also perform similarly in identifying subjects with unique functional brain imaging characteristics. However, few data are available regarding whether alcohol challenge-based and SRE-based LRs operate similarly in structural equation models (SEMs) that search for characteristics, which help to mediate how LR impacts alcohol outcomes. Methods: Two hundred and ninety-four men from the San Diego Prospective Study were evaluated for their LR to alcohol using alcohol challenges at approximately age 20. At approximately age 35, the same subjects filled out the SRE regarding the number of drinks needed for effects 15 to 20 years earlier. The two different LR scores for these men were used in SEM analyses evaluating how LR relates to future heavy drinking and to drinking in peers (PEER), alcohol expectancies (EXPECT), and drinking to cope (COPE) as potential mediators of the LR to drinking pattern (ALCOUT) relationships. Results: While the 2 LR measures that were determined 15 years apart related to each other at a modest level (r = 0.17, p 60% overlap in prediction of outcomes for the 2 LR measures, and with results from functional brain imaging, alcohol challenge- and SRE-based LR values operated similarly in SEM models in these men. Language: en
The End of Ethics: A Thomistic Investigation

Capitalizing on the diversity of ways in which the phrase “the end of ethics” can be interpreted, this article explores how, from a Thomistic perspective, the virtue of prudence might be considered the “end” of ethics. After bringing to light certain problematic aspects of the relationship between ethics and prudence, it is argued that Aquinas’ understanding of the intellectual virtues allows for a clear line to be drawn between the two. In this way, it is possible to say where ethics “ends” and prudence begins. This answer, however, seems to raise a further difficulty which, upon resolution, reveals a sense in which prudence is also the “end” of ethics when “end” is taken to mean its goal.
Who Benefits from Oncoplastic Surgical Techniques

Breast-conserving therapy, which includes wide local excision of the tumor followed by irradiation, has become a standard treatment option for women with early-stage invasive breast cancer. The potential advantages of conservative breast surgery include the minor outpatient nature of the procedures, lower incidence of post-operative pain and complications, preservation of the breast and nipple areolar complex, and shorter delay to adjuvant therapy. However, not all patients are optimal candidates for breast-conserving procedures. Oncoplastic techniques combine the removal of breast cancer tumors in combination with either local volume replacement techniques to correct small defects, or by immediate reconstruction of larger defects using techniques of plastic surgery with or without contralateral breast procedures for symmetry. Therefore, oncoplastic techniques offer the potential to perform a wider excision of the tumor with an improved cosmetic result, thus potentially increasing the eligible pool for breast conservation.
Metal coating on suspended carbon nanotubes and its implication to metal–tube interaction

Abstract Coating of various metals on suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) is carried out by electron-beam evaporation. Transmission electron microscopy studies reveal that Ti, Ni and Pd coatings on the suspended tubes are continuous and quasi-continuous, resulting in nanotube-supported metal nanowire structures. In strong contrast, Au, Al, and Fe coatings on the suspended SWNTs only form isolated discrete particles on the nanotubes. These results shed light into the nature of metal–tube interaction, an important topic to many fundamental and practical aspects of nanotubes.
FPIX2, the BTeV pixel readout chip

A radiation tolerant pixel readout chip, FPIX2, has been developed at Fermilab for use by BTeV. Some of the requirements of the BTeV pixel readout chip are reviewed and contrasted with requirements for similar devices in LHC experiments. A description of the FPIX2 is given, and results of initial tests of its performance are presented, as is a summary of measurements planned for the coming year.
Electrical Aspects of Adsorbing Colloid Flotation. XXI. Flotation with Dodecylphosphate/n-Hexanol Mixtures

Abstract The adsorbing colloid flotation of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) with ferric hydroxide floc and the mixed surfactant system sodium dodecylphosphate (SDP)/n-hexanol was investigated. Good removals of Pb and Cu were obtained; removal of Cd was less satisfactory. The effects of interfering anions (sulfate, oxalate, silicate, phosphate) were studied; higher concentrations of these ions could be tolerated with SDP/n-hexanol than with sodium dodecylsulfate. Measurements of the cmc of SDP were made; low solubility prevented determinations in the pH range 4–8.5.
Stability of peripheral hematological parameters after chronic acetylcholinesterase inhibition in man

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) is present in both primitive and mature erythroid cells, and a role has been suggested for the enzyme in regulation of differentiation in the human erythron. AChE is also a major enzyme in the central nervous system; alteration of its activity has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer disease. We recently treated 18 Alzheimer disease patients with metrifonate, a long-acting AChE inhibitor, over periods up to 7 months, with resulting erythrocyte AChE inhibition as high as 82 per cent of baseline values. Despite chronic reduction of enzyme activity, no significant alterations were noted in erythrocyte, leukocyte or platelet characteristics or numbers that would suggest a deleterious effect of AChE inhibition on normal differentiation. Thus, any modification of developmental pathways appears to be compensated by other regulatory mechanisms in the intact organism.
β-amyloid and ionophore A23187 evoke tau hyperphosphorylation by distinct intracellular pathways: Differential involvement of the calpain/protein kinase C system

SH-SY-5Y human neuroblastoma cells were treated with 22 μM of a synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acid residues 25–35 of β-amyloid (βA) or 3 μM calcium ionophore A23187 in culture medium containing 1.8 mM extracellular calcium. Both agents increased tau immunoreactivity towards antibodies (PHF-1, ALZ-50) that recognize epitopes common with paired helical filaments (PHFs) and towards an antibody (5E2) that recognized a phosphate-independent tau epitope. However, only ionophore increased immunoreactivity with an additional phosphate-dependent antibody (AT-8) that recognized an epitope of tau when phosphorylated, and induced a corresponding decrease in immunoreactivity towards an additional antibody (Tau-1) that recognizes the same site when that site is not phosphorylated. Moreover, the ionophore-mediated increase in PHF-1 was blocked by EGTA, by the calpain inhibitor calpeptin and by the PKC inhibitor H7, while that evoked by βA treatment was not inhibited by any of these treatments. Since ionophore-mediated calpain activation induces proteolytic PKC activation, we further examined the influence of PKC inhibition on βA and ionophore-mediated PHF-1 induction. Antisense oligonucleotide-mediated downregulation of PKCϵ in a stable transfectant SH-SY-5Y subclone diminished the ionophore-mediated, but not the βA-mediated, increase in PHF-1 immunoreactivity. These data indicate specific differences in the intracellular cascade of events invoked by βA and ionophore A23187. Moreover, although βA invoked calcium influx in these cells, our findings further suggest that the induction of tau hyperphosphorylation by βA may not be due to calcium influx. J. Neurosci. Res. 49:759–768, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An AB initio study of the geometry of the CC(H) group the fCC2 stretching force constant, and the fCC,inCC coupling constant in conjugated mono-substituted carbonyl compounds

Abstract The geometry of the CC(H)O group, the stretching force constant fCC2, and the coupling constant fCO,CC, calculated using the unscaled 4–31G basis set with full geometry optimization, are reported for various planar mono-substituted carbonyl compounds. The trends in rCC, rCH, ∠CCO and ∠HCO as rCO increases are investigated, and an inverse relationship established between rCO and rCC, i.e. rCO X rCC = 1.782 ± 0.013. Linear relationships are found in the plot of In fCC2 versus In rCC in accord with the general form of Clark's equation, and in the plot of fCO,CC versus the quotient rCOit/rinCC.
Field Decay of Wheat Straw and its Effects on Metribuzin and S-Ethyl Metribuzin Sorption and Elution from Crop Residues

(...) At harvest, undecayed wheat straw exhibited Freundlich straw-water partition coefficients of 13.1 and 24.2 μmol kg −1 /(μmol L −1 ) 1/n , where 1/n=0.78 and 0.60 at 20 o C for metribuzin and S-ethyl metribuzin, respectively. Lignin accounted for the majority of the sorption capacity of intact wheat straw. The purified cellulose fraction did not significantly sorb the herbicides. Increased sorption capacity of decaying straw was associated with a decline in cellulose concentration or conversely the lignin enrichment of the straw. (...)
Post-staple bust: modeling economic effects of mine closures and post-mine demographic shifts in an arctic economy (Yukon)

Abstract This study uses input–output (IO) and demoeconomic modeling in order to simulate direct, indirect, and induced effects of mass mine closures and subsequent population change in Yukon during the cyclical economic crisis of the late 1990s. The goal is to further the knowledge of the anatomy of resource downturn and, more importantly, its extended implications in an arctic economy. Contrary to the stylized representations, the paper argues that Yukon's economy is particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in population number and structure, in addition to the resource sector itself. Specifically, the major impact of a resource downturn on regional economy is found in induced effects related to demographic shifts (aging and depopulation) in the household sector followed by changes in consumption. This article demonstrates that high-tech and high-salary industries, and services (most favorable for the future of the region) suffer the most from population loss and aging. To trace these impacts the study u...
Characterizing random wave surface elevation data

The definition and subsequent use of dimensional and dimensionless parameters to characterize various nonlinear aspects of ocean surface waves has again become a matter of great interest to the offshore community. The desire to ascertain whether laboratory simulations are adequately representing the surface waves found in the oceans and the concern over the mechanisms behind platform response phenomena, like ringing, has driven this resurgence of interest. This paper presents a depth independent characterization of single design waves, from which improved estimates of localized wave crest front and back slopes follow that are consistent with discrete time series analysis. Characterization of the nature of the entire wave data recorded requires a combination of spectral parameters and probabilistic models in addition to those used in the design wave characterization. A new expression for the direct evaluation of the kurtosis from knowledge of the spectral bandwidth, the relationship between some of the common spectral parameters, and some modified spectral parameters are presented and discussed. Three illustrative examples are presented. The first example provides a detailed examination of wave data measured from a series of random amplitude and random phase tests in a large model basin. The second presents estimates of the various parameters for the Pierson-Moskowitz and Wallops wave spectrum models. The third example investigates the use of the spectral peakedness ratio for comparing data with selected wave spectrum models. The examples illustrate how the formulae can provide a comprehensive local and global parametric characterization of surface wave elevation data.
Out-of-context noun phrase semantic interpretation with cross-linguistic evidence

The acquisition of semantic knowledge is paramount for any application that requires a deep understanding of natural language text. Motivated by the problem of building a noun phrase-level semantic parser and adapting it to various applications, such as machine translation and multilingual question answering, in this paper we present a domain-independent model for noun phrase semantic interpretation. We investigate the problem based on cross-linguistic evidence from a set of four Romance languages: Spanish, Italian, French, and Romanian. The focus on Romance languages is well motivated. It is generally the case that English noun phrases translate into constructions of the form "N P N" in Romance languages where, as we will show, the P (preposition) varies in ways that correlate with the semantics. Thus, based on a set of 22 semantic interpretation categories (such as PART-WHOLE, AGENT, POSSESSION) we present empirical observations regarding the distribution of these semantic categories in a cross-lingual corpus and their mapping to various syntactic constructions in English and Romance. Furthermore, given a training set of English noun phrases along with their translations in the four Romance languages, our algorithm automatically learns classification rules and applies them to unseen noun phrase instances for semantic interpretation. Experimental results are compared against a state-of-the-art model reported in the literature.
A NOTE ON THE ASSESSMENT OF THE RESULTS IN A DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS

This paper describes two statistical measures that can be applied to the analysis of the results in a discriminant analysis. These measures, similar to R2 and R2 in multiple regression, assess the “goodness of fit” of the model or the degree of separation established by the discriminant functions among the groups in the sample and in the population.
Abstract C185: Head and neck squamous carcinoma cells are susceptible to the attenuated vesicular stomatitis virus expressing suicide genes

Background: The predominant loco‐regional progression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) makes it suitable for testing oncolytic viruses. Recent work from several laboratories including ours has focused on developing vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as a replication‐competent anticancer viral vector. Attenuated strains, such as M protein mutant VSV (M51R) are more likely to be promoted in clinical research. The major shortcoming of viral therapy is related to the large proportion of tumor cells remaining uninfected. We are addressing this limitation in two ways: the expression of the cytosine deaminase‐uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (C:U) suicide gene by the rVSV vector, expected to produce a strong bystander effect and the exploitation of the radiosensitizing potential of the 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) chemo‐drug produced intratumorally, as well as of the VSV virus itself. Methods: We determined the susceptibility to oncolytic VSV in a collection of HNSCC cell lines and in patient HN primary tumor cells by measuring: 1) the level of GFP expression after infection with rVSV‐GFP and M51R‐GFP; 2) the viral production by plaque assay and 3) cell death by Trypan blue exclusion. The extent of defectiveness in interferon pathways was tested by employing pre‐treatment with IFN and INF‐blocking antibodies before the infection with the oncolytic VSV. We have generated the rVSV‐C:U and M51R‐C:U viruses and we tested our collection of HNSCC cell models to infection with these viruses in the presence and absence of 5‐fluorocytosine. SQ20B cell line is a model of radiation resistant HNSCC. Regular SQ20B and SQ20B infected with low‐dose M51R‐VSV were evaluated by clonogenic assay. Results: 1) All HNSCC cell models tested are susceptible to the infection with the rVSV but many present a degree of resistance to the attenuated M51R‐VSV. 2) Human Primary HNSCC cells are more resistant than the HNSCC cell lines to the M51R‐VSV; 3) The activation of IFN pathways is contributing to the resistance to M51R‐VSV. 4) Addition of the suicide gene C:U to the attenuated VSV model significantly increased the oncolytic effect in vitro; 5) HNSCC cells infected with M51R‐VSV become more radiation sensitive. Conclusions: The decreased oncolytic effect of the attenuated M51R‐VSV can be overcome by the expression of suicide genes such as the yeast C:U fusion model. The demonstrated radiosensiting potential of the M51R‐VSV virus as well as the known radiosensitizing effect of the generated chemotherapeutic 5‐FU can be further exploited against the loco‐regional HNSCC tumors. Finally, we have important new information, both from cell lines and patient tissues, for proof‐of‐principle that cancers can down‐regulate antiviral responses. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C185.
Comparison of the effects of elevated intracellular aluminum and calcium levels on neuronal survival and tau immunoreactivity.

Abstract Both calcium and aluminum have been implicated in the cell damage and death that occurs in several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined the effects of experimentally elevated intraneuronal levels of aluminum ([Al]i) and/or calcium ([Ca2+]i) on neuronal degeneration and antigenic alterations in the microtubule-associated protein tau in cell cultures of rat hippocampus and human cerebral cortex. Exposure of cultures to Al3+ alone (200 μM) for up to 6 d did not result in neuronal degeneration. Neurons exposed to the divalent cation ionophore A23187 degenerated within 4 h when Ca2+ was present in the culture medium whether or not Al3+ was present. Measurements of [Ca2+i] using the calcium indicator dye fura-2 demonstrated a direct relationship between increased [Ca2+]i and neuronal degeneration. In contrast, neurons did not degenerate when exposed to A231887 in the presence of Al3+ and the absence of Ca2+, despite a 10-fold elevation in [Al]i as measured by laser microprobe mass spectrometry. Calcium influx, but not aluminum influx, elicited antigenic changes in tau similar to those seen in AD neurofibrillary tangles. Neurons exposed to glutamate in the presence of Al3+ but in the absence of Ca2+ were not vulnerable to injury. Finally, increased [Al]i] occured in neurons that degenerated as the result of exposure to glutamate indicating that aluminum associates with degenerating neurons. Taken together these data indicate that, in contrast to increased [Ca2+]i, elevated [Al]i may not induce degeneration or antigenic changes in tau.
Hypermap-Homology Quantum Codes

We introduce a new type of sparse CSS quantum error correcting code based on the homology of hypermaps. Sparse quantum error correcting codes are of interest in the building of quantum computers due to their ease of implementation and the possibility of developing fast decoders for them. Codes based on the homology of embeddings of graphs, such as Kitaev's toric code, have been discussed widely in the literature and our class of codes generalize these. We use embedded hypergraphs, which are a generalization of graphs that can have edges connected to more than two vertices. We develop theorems and examples of our hypermap-homology codes, especially in the case that we choose a special type of basis in our homology chain complex. In particular the most straightforward generalization of the m × m toric code to hypermap-homology codes gives us a [(3/2)m2, 2, m] code as compared to the toric code which is a [2m2, 2, m] code. Thus we can protect the same amount of quantum information, with the same error-correcting capability, using less physical qubits.
Unification of ductile failure and slow crack growth in an ethylene-octene copolymer

The time dependence of ductile and brittle failure of an ethylene-octene gas pipe resin was measured as a function of stress, notch depth and temperature. The ductile failure mode depends on the ligament stress and all the ductile data could be unified by normalizing the ligament stress with respect to the short-time yield point at each temperature. The brittle data were unified by correlating the stress and notch depth in terms of the stress intensity and by introducing a time-temperature shift. At each temperature there is a critical stress intensity above which the notch becomes blunted so that ductile failure ensues. The unified curve for the ductile failure is about the same for all polyethylenes. The unified curve for the brittle regime varies greatly with different polyethylenes where the primary difference is associated with the minimum time required to produce brittle behaviour for a common temperature and stress intensity.
Comparing stress of car and train commuters

Commuting times and distances continue to increase in the United States with potential impacts to the environment as well as possible health consequences for the travelers, because of stress from the commuting trip. There is very little empirical information, however, on the differences between various modes of commuting on commuter stress. This study provides a cross-sectional comparison of car and train commuters with multiple indicators of stress, including statistical controls for group characteristics. We compared commuters in the same geographic region, Metropolitan New York City, who had comparable starting and destination points, and were from homogeneous socioeconomic backgrounds. We also explored potential underlying psychological processes (i.e., control, effort, predictability) to help explain stress differences related to commuting mode. There were statistically significant differences for perceived commuting stress and mood. Car commuters showed significantly higher levels of reported stress and, more negative mood. Mediational analyses indicated that effort and predictability largely account for the elevated stress associated with car commuting.
Management of bleeding in the terminally ill patient

Clinically significant bleeding occurs in approximately 6%-10% of patients in the palliative-care setting. Bleeding can range from persistent and small in quantity (but enough to interfere with a patient's quality of life), to catastrophic bleeding that ultimately leads to the rapid demise of the patient. Uncontrolled bleeding can be very distressing for staff, patients and families. Advanced planning is necessary in all bleeding circumstances. This session will review the types of cancer associated with bleeding, as well as management options for these situations. Emphasis will be placed on aspects of communication with families.
War Memorials and Memories: Comparing the Philippines and South Korea

This paper draws from international relations, comparative politics, and Asian Studies in an effort to compare war memorials and memories in the Philippines and South Korea. The analysis begins with a description of how memorials in both countries pursue a conventional narrative of glorious victories, heroic defeats, and sacred ground. The focus then shifts to counter‐narratives that have challenged the USA and American General Douglas MacArthur. The comparisons reveal a desire for sovereignty in both the Philippines and South Korea, but also differences in heritage and geopolitical circumstances that shape relations with the USA. South Korea possesses an older and more warlike birthright than the Philippines and has developed a national identity increasingly separate from North Korea. Filipino memories, conversely, are steeped in Catholic spirituality.
Hierarchical Protein “Un-Design”: Insulin's Intrachain Disulfide Bridge Tethers a Recognition α-Helix†

A hierarchical pathway of protein folding can enable segmental unfolding by design. A monomeric insulin analogue containing pairwise substitution of internal A6−A11 cystine with serine [[SerA6,SerA11,AspB10,LysB28,ProB29]insulin (DKP[A6−A11]Ser)] was previously investigated as a model of an oxidative protein-folding intermediate [Hua, Q. X., et al. (1996) J. Mol. Biol. 264, 390−403]. Its structure exhibits local unfolding of an adjoining amphipathic α-helix (residues A1−A8), leading to a 2000-fold reduction in activity. Such severe loss of function, unusual among mutant insulins, is proposed to reflect the cost of induced fit: receptor-directed restoration of the α-helix and its engagement in the hormone's hydrophobic core. To test this hypothesis, we have synthesized and characterized the corresponding alanine analogue [[AlaA6,AlaA11,AspB10,LysB28,ProB29]insulin (DKP[A6−A11]Ala)]. Untethering the A6−A11 disulfide bridge by either amino acid causes similar perturbations in structure and dynamics as probe...
Understanding anisotropic transport in self-assembled membranes and maximizing ionic conductivity by microstructure alignment

Magnetic fields can be highly effective in controlling the macroscale orientational order in certain uniaxial surfactant and block copolymer mesophases, leading to improvement in transport properties by reducing microstructural tortuosity. We consider ionic conductivity in model surfactant mesophases subjected to magnetic field alignment and observe significant enhancements of transport in both cylinder and lamellar forming systems, well beyond what is prescribed by microstructural models and continuum theory. Spontaneous defect generation near the order–disorder transition produces pronounced but reversible changes in conductivity on heating and cooling, implying that these pre-transitional defects are equilibrium features of the system. The enhancement and temperature dependence of conductivity closely parallel results obtained in aligned ion-containing liquid crystalline block copolymers and suggest that theoretical treatments overestimate the conductivity of the isotropic state. This is substantiated by a discussion of the underlying assumptions in the theoretical models regarding finite domain sizes and domain connectivity.
The space requirements of indexing under perspective projections

Object recognition systems can be made more efficient through the use of table lookup to match features. The cost of this indexing process depends on the space required to represent groups of model features in such a lookup table. We determine the space required to perform indexing of arbitrary sets of 3D model points for lookup from a single 2D image formed under perspective projection. We show that in this case, one must use a 3D surface to represent model groups, and we provide an analytic description of such a surface. This is in contrast to the cases of scaled-orthographic or affine projection, in which only a 2D surface is required to represent a group of model features. This demonstrates a fundamental way in which the recognition of objects under perspective projection is more complex than is recognition under other projection models.
Late systolic murmurs and clicks associated with abnormal mitral valve ring

Abstract An anomaly of the mitral valve was identified in 7 patients with apical mid-late systolic murmurs, with or without associated clicks. This consisted primarily of a large annulus, probably congenital in origin, with secondary abnormal systolic protrusion of the leaflets, which permitted minimal mitral regurgitation in 5 of the 7 cases. It is possible to recognize a triad of auscultatory, electrocardiographic (inverted T wave in lead III) and angiographic signs that make possible the diagnosis of this hemodynamically benign entity.
Optically activated switches for the generation of complex electrical waveforms with multigigahertz bandwidth

An electrical pulse-generation system using two optically activated Si photoconductive switches can generate shaped electrical pulses with multigigahertz bandwidth. The Si switches are activated by an optical pulse whose leading edge is steepened by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in CCl4. With the bandwidth generated by the SBS process, a laser having a 1- to 3-ns pulse width is used to generate electrical pulses with approximately 80-ps rise times (approximately 4-GHz bandwidth). Variable impedance microstrip lines are used to generate complex electrical waveforms that can be transferred to a matched load with minimal loss of bandwidth.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Data Versus Information: Which Should We Distribute?

The ultimate purpose of any PACs system is to improve the state of health of individuals and the community. The way one attempts to achieve this goal in our current environment will determine the design and performance specifications of any PACs system. Within the hospital environment, one must determine the functional requirements by understanding that a hospital is intrinsically a place for physicians. It is the referring physician who admits patients, determines their treatment, when the treatment is to be changed, and when the patient is to be discharged. The referring physician is the Chief Executive Officer of patient care. It is a reasonable goal of a diagnostic imaging and PACs systems to furnish timely and accurate information to the Chief Executive Officer of patient care. The role of the referring physician i.e., the C.E.O., is becoming even more critical within the changing economic environment of American medicine. DRG legislation has lead to the greatest change in American medicine since the introduction of Medicare. Previously we have been under a cost reimbursement formula whereby the more one spent the more reimbursement one got. With this cost reimbursement formula, elegant and expensive systems could be justified and actually be profitable. This is now changed. We are now going to be reimbursed by discharge diagnosis at a rate fixed at a national average. The average rate of reimbursement will be that of the 100-bed hospital since this, statistically, is the national average level. In addition, the DRG's impose financial penalties both in cost overruns and in excess length of stay. One of the goals, therefore, of any system would be to help decrease length of patients' stay so that profitability of the hospital can be maintained.
Bio-inspired infrared retina with nanoscale quantum dots and type II superlattices

The bio-inspired infrared retina combines powerful hardware that can sense multimodal data such as spectrum, polarization, dynamic range and phase, with a powerful intelligent algorithm that only sends reduced information to the central processing unit.
Relaxation behavior of polymer structures fabricated by nanoimprint lithography.

We study the decay of imprinted polystyrene (PS) patterns under thermal annealing using light diffraction. The first-order diffraction intensity from the imprinted gratings was measured as a function of annealing time. A local intensity maximum is observed as a function of annealing time. This “abnormal” intensity variation can be qualitatively understood, using rigorous coupled wave approximation calculations, as a characteristic diffraction from patterns with specific shape/height. We demonstrate that this diffraction anomaly can be used to characterize the temperature dependence of the pattern decay rate. The activation energies of the pattern decay are found to be similar to those of the segmental and chain relaxations. Comparisons between PS samples of different molecular mass reveal that the patterns decay through different mechanisms. For unentangled PS, the decay of the imprinted pattern follows the surface-tension-driven viscous flow, with a viscosity similar to the steady-state viscosity. Howeve...
Altered distribution and toxicity of digitoxigenin in fasted mice

Intravenous administration of digitoxigenin (DTXGN) evokes seizure episodes in mice which may be dependent on brain biogenic amines such as serotonin (5-HT). Fasting is known to have effects on both drug toxicity and brain 5-HT synthesis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of overnight fasting on DTXGN toxicity. The i.v. LD-50 of DTXGN was increased by 61% in fasted mice. Adjustment of DTXGN dose for the decrease in body weight of fasted mice did not alter the fasting induced protection. A loading dose of 1-tryptophan (25 mg/kg, i.p.) did not alter mortality rates in either fed or fasted mice. Cortical levels of 3H-DTXGN were decreased significantly by 25% in fasted mice. Liver and blood levels were elevated significantly. These data suggest that decreased DTXGN toxicity is associated with a decrease in its distribution to the cerebral cortex and emphasize the importance of acute dietary status in the expression of drug toxicity.
If the river stopped: A talmudic perspective on downsizing

In a weak economy, both managers and scholars may seek an ethical framework to guide decisions about layoffs and downsizing. Agency and stakeholder theories offer limited practical guidance about ethical norms. This paper looks to the Talmud, an ancient compilation of law, legend, and critical analysis for insights into the modern employment relationship. In its method of analysis and in its specific discussion of the treatment of employees, the Talmud provides an approach and a framework for assessing the ethical standing of particular layoff decisions. The article introduces readers to elements of Talmudic analysis and then applies that framework to particular kinds of corporate downsizing decisions.
965-51 Daily Coronary Microembolization in Awake Dogs Leads to Heart Failure

Previous efforts to induce heart failure using percutaneous coronary embolization required multiple surgical procedures and a prolonged time course (3–6 months) until heart failure develops. The goal of this study was to create a reproducible and more rapid model of ischemic heart failure in dogs using repeated coronary embolization via a chronically implanted coronary catheter. Dogs (n = 5) were chronically instrumented for measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP). left ventricular pressure (LVP) and left atrial pressure (LAP). After full recovery, hemodynamic measurements and the response of LV dp/dt to increasing doses of isoproterenol were performed weekly. After control experiments, glass microspheres (90 μ m diameter) were injected into coronary circulation daily (50,000–1 00,000/day) using the implanted coronary catheter for approximately two weeks. The hemodynamic measurements after 3 weeks and a total of 925,000 ± 250.000 microspheres are shown as follows (* l 0.05 from control). Control 3 Wks of Embolization LVP (mmHg) 133 ± 6 106 ± 2 * LVEDP (mmHg) 3.8 ± 1.2 14.2 ± 0.9 * MAP (mmHg) 101 ± 2 87 ± 8 LAP (mmHg) 5.8 ± 1 11.7 ± l * HR (beats/min) 86 ± 9 138 ± 32 LVdP/dt(mmHg/s) 3109 ± 665 2281 ± 460 * The dose response curves of LVdP/dt to Isoproterenol (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 μ g/kg) were significantly shifted down and to the right after heart failure. Clinical signs of heart failure such as protein wasting, dyspnea, edema and ascites developed in all animals. Thus, an ischemic heart failure, as defined by hemodynamic, pharmacological and clinical features, developed using daily coronary embolization.
Testing for genetic associations with the PAX gene family in a spina bifida population.

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common severely disabling birth defects in the United States, affecting approximately 1–2 of every 1,000 live births. The etiology of NTDs is multifactorial, involving the combined action of both genetic and environmental factors. A nonparametric linkage method, the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), was utilized to determine if the genes in the PAX family play a role in the formation of NTDs. DNA from 459 spina bifida (SB) patients and their parents (430 mothers and 239 fathers, for a total population of 1,128 subjects) was tested for linkage and association utilizing polymorphic markers from within or very close to the PAX genes of interest. Significant findings were obtained for the following markers: marker locus D20S101 flanking the PAX1 gene (P = 0.019), marker locus D1S228 within the PAX7 gene (P = 0.011), and marker locus D2S110 within the PAX8 gene (P = 0.013). Even though our findings are only mildly significant, given the known expression patterns of the PAX genes in development and the availability of their sequences, we elected to follow up these results by testing these genes directly for mutations utilizing single-strand conformational analysis (SSCA) and direct sequencing. Multiple variations were detected in each of the PAX genes with significant TDT results; however, these variations were not passed from parent to child in phase with the positively transmitted allele. Therefore, it is unlikely that these variations contribute to susceptibility for SB, but rather are previously unreported polymorphisms. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Impaired comprehension of raising-to-subject constructions in Parkinson's disease.

This paper describes an experiment which shows that roughly half of nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have impaired comprehension of subject-to-subject and object-to-subject raising constructions (e.g., Susan seems to Bill to be tall and Susan is hard for Bill to catch), but have normal comprehension of the counterpart constructions (e.g., It seems to Bill that Susan is tall and It's hard for Bill to catch Susan). Several possible explanations for this pattern of performance are considered, including a parsing disorder, a syntactic-semantic linking disorder, a reduction of working memory capacity, slowed speed of syntactic processing, and difficulty with the experimental task. Although some of these explanations are arguably more plausible than others, the exact nature of the comprehension impairment remains unclear.
New oral anticoagulant drugs: real-world data.

Oral anticoagulants or ‘blood thinners’ were proposed in 400 BC during the time of Hippocrates [1]. The first paper entitled ‘Coumadin (warfarin) sodium – a new anticoagulant’ was published in 1956 [2]. Despite its limitations, coumadin stood the test of time. Ximelagatran, a very potent oral thrombin inhibitor, licensed in Europe for a short time, was later withdrawn in 2006 for concerns of causing hepatotoxicity [3].
Ordering transitions in micrometer-thick films of nematic liquid crystals driven by self-assembly of ganglioside GM1.

Abstract We report an investigation of the self-assembly of the monosialoganglioside (GM 1 ) at interfaces formed between aqueous solutions of 10 μM GM 1 (at 25 °C) and micrometer-thick films of the nematic liquid crystal (LC) 4′-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl (5CB). We observe the process of spontaneous transfer of GM 1 onto the interfaces to be accompanied by continuous ordering transitions within the micrometer-thick films of the LC. At saturation coverage, the GM 1 orders the LC in an orientation that is perpendicular to the interface, an orientation that is similar to that caused by phospholipids such as dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC). This result suggests an interaction between the LC and GM 1 that is dominated by the hydrophobic tails of the GM 1 . Relative to DLPC, however, we observe the dynamics of the LC ordering transition driven by GM 1 to be slow (2 h for DLPC versus 100 h for GM 1 ). To provide insight into the origins of the slow dynamics of the GM 1 -induced ordering transition in the LC, we performed two additional measurements. First, we quantified the time-dependent adsorption of GM 1 at the LC interface by using fluorescently-labeled GM 1 . Second, we used the Langmuir–Schaefer method to transfer preorganized monolayers of GM 1 from an air–water interface to the aqueous-LC interface. Results obtained from these two experiments are consistent with a physical picture in which the final stages of spontaneous adsorption/ordering of GM 1 at the aqueous-LC interface dictate the dynamics of the LC ordering transition. This rate limiting process underlying the ordering transition was substantially accelerated by heating the system above the phase transition temperature of GM 1 (26 °C), suggesting that the phase state of the GM 1 micellar aggregates in bulk solution strongly influences the kinetics of the final stages of ordering/adsorption of GM 1 at the LC interface. Overall, these results and others presented in this manuscript reveal that it is possible to decorate interfaces of a nematic LC with GM 1 , and that the assembly of GM 1 at these interfaces impacts the dynamic and equilibrium ordering of the LC.
Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in multiple myeloma

Most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) cannot be cured with currently available therapies. Although complete remission could be achieved in about 50% of newly diagnosed patients with high-dose chemotherapy and tandem transplantation, relapses of the underlying disease occur frequently. To realize long-term disease-free survival, it will be necessary to develop complementary therapies that are non-cross-resistant with chemotherapy. To this end, immunotherapy aimed at inducing or enhancing tumor-specific immunity that may control or eradicate remaining tumor cells may be an appealing method. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells and considered the best natural adjuvants for immunotherapy in malignancies. Vaccination with tumor antigen-pulsed DCs has been shown to be protective and therapeutic in animal tumor models, and induced a strong tumor-specific immunity and durable tumor regression in human solid tumors and B-cell lymphoma. As a result, clinical trials in various human malignancies have been initiated. This review will focus on DC-based immunotherapy in MM. I will discuss myeloma antigens and antigen-specific immune responses, the capacity of DCs to present myeloma antigens and induce cytotoxic T-cell responses, and clinical experience of DC vaccination in myeloma patients.
Pasta-to-Water Ratio, Hotplate Surface Temperature, and Beaker Material Affect Pasta Cooking Time and Cooked Quality

ABSTRACT Three experiments were conducted to determine the influence of hotplate surface temperature (250, 300, 350, and 400°C), pasta-to-water ratio, and beaker material (glass versus stainless steel) on the final quality of cooked spaghetti. In all the experiments, 13, 20, 27, 33, and 48 g of pasta were cooked and its final quality measured as cooking loss, cooked weight, and cooked firmness. Cooking time was greater when cooked at 250 than 400°C, with 48 than 13 g of pasta, and with a glass than with a stainless steel vessel. Cooking loss, cooked weight, and cooked firmness were greater when cooked at 400 than 250°C, with 13 than 48 g of pasta, and with a stainless steel than with a glass vessel. Evidence of the effects of hotplate surface temperature, pasta-to-water ratio, and beaker material on pasta cooking time and cooked quality suggests that these parameters should be addressed in AACC International Approved Method 66-50.01.
Carcinoma of the lung.

Abstract A review of 1,064 patients entered into the tumor registry of the Durham Veterans Administration Hospital from January, 1953, through December, 1969, is reported. The 566 patients who were entered between January, 1953, and December, 1964, constitute a group in which survival for five or more years could be studied, and they are reported in more detail. Nineteen patients survived five or more years; of these, 11 had coin lesions less than 4 cm. in diameter and 3 had small lesions with poorly demarcated margins. The small lesions combined with the absence of extension into the lymph nodes and pleura in the survivors make it appear that anatomical localization is the most important factor in long-range survival. The recent increasing use and greater reliability of cytological diagnostic procedures neither increased the percent of patients judged capable of benefiting from resection nor reduced the percent of patients having thoracotomy and biopsy without resection. The number of cases of primary carcinoma of the lung has continued to increase yearly.