cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transborder lives: indigenous Oaxacans in Mexico, California, and Oregon, by Lynn Stephen

Transborder lives: indigenous Oaxacans in Mexico, California, and Oregon, by Lynn Stephen, Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 2007, xxii + 400 pp., US$23.95 (paperback), ISBN 9780822339908 In many ...
Edwin Montagu in India, 19174918: Politics of the Montagu‐Chelmsford report

(1973). Edwin Montagu in India, 19174918: Politics of the Montagu‐Chelmsford report. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 79-92.
Novel Semiconductor Lasers For Integrated Optics

Several novel semiconductor lasers with structures different from the simple Fabry-Perot laser are considered for use in integrated optics. Potential advantages of these lasers are discussed. Experimental results confirming some of the theoretical predictions will be presented in the talk.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Effect of Perceived Neighborhood Setting on Self-Reported Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use among Inner-City Minority Junior High School Youth

The relationship between neighborhood setting and drug use appears to be drug specific. For alcohol and tobacco a knowledge of peer (friends') use was highly predictive of personal use, independent of how tough or drug involved the neighborhood was thought to be, but quite dependent on neighborhood perceptions for personal marijuana use, becoming more predictive as the neighborhood was perceived as tougher and more drug involved. Knowledge of spare-time activities was predictive of tobacco and marijuana use (independent of neighborhood) but not predictive for alcohol use. The data suggest that because the relationships are complex, intervention/prevention strategies must not only be drug specific but must proceed on many fronts simultaneously. Some suggestions are offered, along with a discussion of findings which may help identify non-users and users in the same population.
TAXANE DITERPENES. 3: FORMATION OF THE EIGHT-MEMBERED B-RING BY SEMI-PINACOL REARRANGEMENT

Abstract The substituted furan carboxaldehyde 15 was converted into enone 20 via a stereoselective intramolecular pyrylium ylide-alkene cyclization. Subsequent elaboration of 20 into the triflate 23, followed by solvolysis in acidic trifluoroethanol resulted in quantitative rearrangement to the taxane B/C core 24. At a higher oxidation level 27 was ring expanded to give 28. The ring expansion strategy could also be initiated by β-elimination of the 3α, 10α-oxido bridge. Treatment of 50 with MeOH at reflux gave 52. Similar transformations in the 7-oxy series resulted in ring B expansion of 67 to give 68, and 75 to give 76.
Field-seismic investigation of the August 1975 Oroville, California, earthquake sequence

Abstract Several thousand aftershocks of the August 1, 1975 Oroville, California, earthquake ( M L = 5.7 ) were recorded by an 8-station field-seismic network. Focal coordinates of 104 of these events were fitted by least-squares to a plane striking N07°W and dipping 59°W; the strike (but not the dip) of this plane is in good agreement with that (N09°W) obtained from a fault-plane solution for a large foreshock 8 sec before the main shock, and it agrees fairly well with the trend (N15°W) of structural lineaments in the vicinity of Lake Oroville. The surface trace of the plane of foci passes through the Oroville Dam, as well as through surface cracking 12 km south of the dam. The main shock occurred 7 years after the filling of Lake Oroville, but only a month after the most rapid filling since 1968. The rate of aftershock occurrence during the first month decayed approximately as 1/t . Event duration was measured for more than 2,000 aftershocks during August and September; average log-duration, taken over samples of 100 events, decreased gradually during this period. Close-in spectra obtained from strong-motion recordings of several of the larger aftershocks have corner frequencies that are quite high compared to other western U.S. earthquakes of similar magnitude. The Oroville earthquakes had several features in common with another Sierra Nevada earthquake sequence, near Truckee, California, in September, 1966.
Effect of x-irradiation dose rate on the clonagenic survival of human and experimental animal hematopoietic tumor cell lines: Evidence for heterogeneity☆

It is a generally accepted principle of radiation biology that hematopoietic progenitor cells demonstrate dose rate independent killing by x-irradiation over the clinically relevant range for total body irradiation (TBI) (5-25 rad/min). To determine whether low dose rate (5 rad/min, or 20 rad/min) compared to conventional dose rate (200 rad/min) x-irradiation altered the clonagenic survival of leukemia and lymphoma cell lines, several permanent cell lines were studied. These included: bg/bg cl 1, mouse basophillic leukemia; LW12, [W/fu rat acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)]; and human cell lines: JY and Daudi (B-cell lymphomas); K45, (T-cell leukemia); K562, (erythroleukemia); HL60 and KG1 (monomyeloid leukemias), and U937 (human histiocytic/monocytic lymphoma). Dose rate independent killing was demonstrated at several plating densities with mouse and rat leukemia lines and all human leukemia lines tested except lines HL60 and U937. With HL60, increased plating density increased the D0 at each dose rate. This effect was not attributable to an increased plating efficiency. With line U937 there was a clear dose-rate effect with increase in D0 from 88 rad, n 4.6 at 200 rad/min, to D0 = 166, n 2.3 at 5 rad/min. The data demonstrate that some human hematopoietic tumor derived cell lines of myeloid/monocyte/macrophage lineage can exhibit atypical repair of irradiation damage in vitro. This repair may be enhanced by conditions relevant to clinical TBI including low irradiation dose-rate and cell to cell interactions by tumor cells in close proximity.
Study of the Dissipation of Hurricane Gertrude (1974)

Abstract Meteorological events in the upper and lower troposphere in Hurricane Gertrude and vicinity are examined for causal effects related to the sudden dissipation of Hurricane Gertrude. Mesoscale and synoptic-scale meteorological observations reveal that the hurricane rapidly decreased in intensity as it overtook a westward propagating upper tropospheric trough. Quantized radar observations are presented, which show the marked decrease in storm-generated precipitation which occurred as Gertrude approached the vicinity of this trough. This study indicates that the dissipation of Gertrude resulted from large vertical wind shear and upper level synoptic-scale convergence with accompanying subsidence in the upper troposphere in the vicinity of the storm. The marked decrease in convective activity and storm organization occurred in spite of favorable sea surface temperatures, favorable lower troposphere stability, and convergence of air toward the storm center in the boundary layer. This study reveals the ...
A Model-Selection Approach to Assessing the Information in the Term Structure Using Linear Models and Artificial Neural Networks

We take a model-selection approach to the question of whether forward-interest rates are useful in predicting future spot rates, using a variety of out-of-sample forecast-based model-selection criteria—forecast mean squared error, forecast direction accuracy, and forecast-based trading-system profitability. We also examine the usefulness of a class of novel prediction models called artificial neural networks and investigate the issue of appropriate window sizes for rolling-window-based prediction methods. Results indicate that the premium of the forward rate over the spot rate helps to predict the sign of future changes in the interest rate. Furthermore, model selection based on an in-sample Schwarz information criterion (SIC) does not appear to be a reliable guide to out-of-sample performance in the case of short-term interest rates. Thus, the in-sample SIC apparently fails to offer a convenient shortcut to true out-of-sample performance measures.
Benign infantile seizures: a prospective study.

Summary Introduction One idiopathic focal epileptic syndrome with onset during infancy is recognized, the benign infantile seizures (BIS). Objective To analyze the electroclinical features and evolution in patients with BIS and assess the difference between familial and non-familial infantile cases. Patients and methods We performed a prospective follow-up study in 41 patients seen at our department between September 2002 and March 2004, with BIS from 2 to 12 months of age. Among the 41 cases 6 were excluded. Results Thirty five had BIS after the follow-up. The follow-up was 60–77 months (median 69 months). They were divided in Group 1: 14 patients had a family history of similar seizures in infancy and Group 2: 21 without familial history of infantile epilepsy. Both groups have similar electroclinical features and family history of seizures is the only clue to the differential diagnosis. Seizures were brief, and occurred in cluster in 30 patients (85%). Interictal EEGs were normal in 34 cases (97%) and neuroimaging in all children. No one had seizures after finishing the antiepileptic treatment. Neurological examination and developmental milestones remained normal after the follow-up. Conclusions This study confirms the existence of BIS. Non-familial cases might represent novo mutations or sporadic cases of BIS. The recognition of BIS is possible at beginning of the epilepsy. To confirm the syndrome the follow-up is necessary.
Brutes, beasts and empire: veterinary medicine and environmental policy in French North Africa and British India

Abstract The deep, and persistent, colonial roots of many contemporary environmental policies around the world have been increasingly recognized over the last decade. Research in the sectors of agriculture, forestry, human medicine, and public health has illuminated how environmental policies were constructed and utilized during the colonial period, as well as how many of these policies remain influential today. This paper examines the as yet little explored contribution of colonial veterinary medicine to the development and implementation of environmental policy. By comparing the experiences of the French in North Africa and the British in India, it demonstrates that some colonial veterinarians had a great deal of influence on environmental policy while others had very little. In French North Africa veterinarians played a significant role in developing rangeland management policies that impacted large swaths of these three territories, policies that can still be felt today. In British India, by contrast, the role of colonial veterinarians in developing environmental policy was much more circumscribed and, in the end, largely inconsequential. The paper suggests that three primary factors account for most of this dissimilarity: the differences in animal diseases present in India and the Maghreb; the differences between French and British veterinary education before the twentieth century; and the differences in colonial administration between the two European powers.
Proteomics: A New Diagnostic Frontier

Background: Analysis of proteins has been an integral part of the field of clinical chemistry for decades. Recent advances in technology and complete identification of the human genome sequence have opened up new opportunities for analysis of proteins for clinical diagnostic purposes. Methods: Content of a recent conference of proteomics is summarized. Results: New analytical methods allow the simultaneous analysis of a large number of proteins in biological fluids such as serum and plasma, offering partial views of the complete set of proteins or proteome. Plasma presents many analytical challenges, such as the complexity of components, predominance of a few major components, and the large concentration range of components, but the number of proteins that can be detected in plasma has expanded dramatically from hundreds to thousands. At the same time, there is increased capability to detect structural variations of proteins. Recent studies also identified the presence of complex sets of small protein fragments in plasma. This set of protein fragments, the fragmentome or peptidome, is potentially a rich source of information about physiologic and disease processes. Conclusions: Advances in proteomics offer great promise for the discovery of markers that might serve as the basis for new clinical laboratory tests. There are many challenges, however, in the translation of newly discovered markers into clinical laboratory tests.
Enhanced adenylate cyclase activity of turkey erythrocytes following treatment with β-adrenergic receptor antagonists

Abstract The turkey erythrocyte contains a β 1 -adrenergic receptor-linked adenylate cyclase system. We have examined the effects of pretreatment with receptor antagonists on adenylate cyclase activity and the individual components in the pathway of enzyme activation in this system. Isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity is increased by 30% (P 50 of 100 nM for the (−) isomer. The time course of effect is rapid being complete by 90 min. Non-receptor mediated stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by manganese ion, forskolin and NaF is similarly enhanced following propranolol pretreatment. Sensitization of adenylate cyclase activity also occurs following pretreatment with a number of antagonists but is not seen after preincubation with pindolol or practolol. Quantitation of β-adrenergic receptor (R) density using [ 125 I]cyanopindolol indicates no difference between membranes derived from control and antagonist pretreated cells. Coupling of R with the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein (N) as assessed by high affinity agonist binding is unchanged following pretreatment. The efficacy of 5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate Gpp(NH)p in producing a shift of agonist binding curves associated with destabilization of high affinity H-R-N complexes, is also the same (EC 50 = 0.2 μ M) in membranes from control and antagonist treated cells. The isoproterenol stimulated rate of release of [ 3 H]GDP from membranes preloaded with [ 3 H]GTP as an index of formation of an active form of the N protein is similarly unaffected by antagonist preincubation. We conclude that the mechanism of the observed sensitization of turkey erythrocyte adenylate cyclase by β-adrenergic antagonists is receptor mediated and likely involves facilitation of N interaction with the catalytic subunit of the enzyme.
A method for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections from fresh or glutaraldehyde-fixed tissues.

This paper describes a method for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of fixed and unfixed tissues using a slightly modified LKB Cryokit. With these modifications, the specimen temperature is maintained at −180°C, the knife is stabilized at −100°C and the temperature within the Cryokit chamber is regulated to −120°C.
First-pass-silicon radio IPs for B3G wireless networks

As we move from third generation (3G) to 4G wireless and as we strive to meet the demands for higher data rates and short distance wireless applications, a debate has ensued on whether cellular and WLAN/WMAN are seen as complementary or competing technologies. In either case, wireless services beyond 3G (B3G) are moving to all-IP, always-best-connected, convergent wireless solutions requiring access to different wireless infrastructures from the same wireless device, be it a cell phone, a laptop or a PDA for a multitude of services including voice, data and multimedia applications. For future handheld wireless devices, this requires low power, low cost multi-standard multi-band chipsets, the radio part of which will be increasingly complex with stringent demands on power consumption and cost as the two main differentiators. We will present radio design IPs at the system, architectural and block levels for emerging always-best-connected wireless applications and with focus on smart power, first-pass-silicon radio transceiver design in deep sub-micron CMOS. We will highlight both the challenges and the opportunities for innovation in this area.
Chronic effects of pelvic radiation therapy on anorectal function.

PURPOSE: The long-term effect of 4,500 cGy of preoperative radiation on anorectal function has not been prospectively evaluated. METHODS: Anal manometry was performed on 20 patients with rectal carcinoma before and four weeks after receiving 4,500 cGy of external radiotherapy. Four patients underwent proctectomies, three died, and three refused follow-up. Ten patients were available for long-term follow-up and underwent anal manometry at 14 to 42 (average, 35.5) months after initial radiotherapy. RESULTS: No significant difference in mean maximum squeeze or resting pressures was found after radiation therapy. The sphincter profile and minimum sensory threshold were unchanged. The rectoanal inhibitory reflex was present in all patients. Nine patients reported normal anal function. One patient who was incontinent before treatment remained incontinent. CONCLUSION: Preoperative radiation therapy has a minimal chronic effect on anorectal function. Incontinence after sphincter-saving operations for rectal cancer should not be attributed to preoperative radiation therapy.
Analyses of Catharanthus Roseus and Arabidopsis Thaliana WRKY Transcription Factors Reveal Involvement in Jasmonate Signaling

To combat infection to biotic stress plants elicit the biosynthesis of numerous natural products, many of which are valuable pharmaceutical compounds. Jasmonate is a central regulator of defense response to pathogens and accumulation of specialized metabolites. Catharanthus roseus produces a large number of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) and is an excellent model for understanding the regulation of this class of valuable compounds. Recent work illustrates a possible role for the Catharanthus WRKY transcription factors (TFs) in regulating TIA biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis and other plants, the WRKY TF family is also shown to play important role in controlling tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as secondary metabolism. Here, we describe the WRKY TF families in response to jasmonate in Arabidopsis and Catharanthus. Publically available Arabidopsis microarrays revealed at least 30% (22 of 72) of WRKY TFs respond to jasmonate treatments. Microarray analysis identified at least six jasmonate responsive Arabidopsis WRKY genes (AtWRKY7, AtWRKY20, AtWRKY26, AtWRKY45, AtWRKY48, and AtWRKY72) that have not been previously reported. The Catharanthus WRKY TF family is comprised of at least 48 members. Phylogenetic clustering reveals 11 group I, 32 group II, and 5 group III WRKY TFs. Furthermore, we found that at least 25% (12 of 48) were jasmonate responsive, and 75% (9 of 12) of the jasmonate responsive CrWRKYs are orthologs of AtWRKYs known to be regulated by jasmonate. Overall, the CrWRKY family, ascertained from transcriptome sequences, contains approximately 75% of the number of WRKYs found in other sequenced asterid species (pepper, tomato, potato, and bladderwort). Microarray and transcriptomic data indicate that expression of WRKY TFs in Arabidopsis and Catharanthus are under tight spatio-temporal and developmental control, and potentially have a significant role in jasmonate signaling. Profiling of CrWRKY expression in response to jasmonate treatment revealed potential associations with secondary metabolism. This study provides a foundation for further characterization of WRKY TFs in jasmonate responses and regulation of natural product biosynthesis.
Massive cisplatin overdose by accidental substitution for carboplatin. Toxicity and management.

Background. Unlike the related drug carboplatin, cisplatin is highly nephrotoxic and must be given with vigorous intravenous hydration at a much lower dose. As the result of an accidental substitution of cisplatin for carboplatin, a 68-year-old woman received a massive overdose of cisplatin without intravenous hydration. Methods. Laboratory documentation included measurements of platinum concentrations by atomic absorption spectroscopy and of xeroderma pigmentosum group E (XPE) binding factor, a protein that is involved in the recognition step of DNA repair. Results. Toxicities included severe emesis, myelosuppression, renal failure, and deafness, which are well known. Other toxicities were seizures, hallucinations, loss of vision, and hepatic toxicity, which were unusual and may have been caused by the magnitude of the overdose. As late as day 19, there was a continued cellular response from cisplatin, as evidenced by decreased levels of XPE binding factor in extracts from the patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes. Plasmapheresis was effective in lowering the platinum concentration from greater than 2900 ng/ml to 200 ng/ml and appeared to be of clinical benefit. Even after the onset of renal failure, hydration to increase urine volume resulted in increased urinary excretion of platinum. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was used to ameliorate myelosuppression. The patient received a transplanted kidney from her monozygotic twin sister and survived with no clinically significant deficit except for deafness. Conclusions. No previous reports exist of survival after such a high dose of cisplatin without intravenous hydration. In the future, patients may benefit from similar management and heightened awareness of the possibility of accidental substitution.
SU-FF-T-344: Impact of Inter-Fractional Motion of the Anatomy On Prostate Proton Dose

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine whether the inter‐fractional motion of the anatomy has a more significant impact on proton dose distributions compared to IMRT dose distributions. A secondary objective is to evaluate the impact of CTV‐to‐PTV margins on plans for protons produced with the double scattering technique. Method and Materials: Repeat CT scans of prostate patients acquired with a CT‐on‐Rails were used for this study. First, proton and IMRT plans were designed using (1) the CTV‐to‐PTV margin standard at our institution (normally 8 mm except at the rectum‐prostate interface, where it is 5.8 mm) and (2) a small uniform margin (3mm). The proton and IMRT plans were then applied to 8 daily CTimages aligned either to skin marks or the center of prostate. The doses for the 8 daily CTimages were recalculated using the same beam configurations (aperture, compensators, gantry angles, Monitor Units etc). Results: For proton plans, a 3mm margin appears to be adequate for tumor coverage even when a conventional skin mark alignment technique is used. The proton plans with 3mm margins lead to nearly the same coverage as in the IMRT plans with standard margins. For prostate center of volume‐based alignment, this coverage was 98.6% for protons vs. % 98.1 for IMRT and 96.6% vs. 96.3% for skin marks‐based alignment. Conclusion: With the double scattering technique, the dose distribution from the proton plan is not very sensitive to the daily variation of the patient anatomy as compared to IMRT plans. The 3 mm CTV‐to‐PTV margin is acceptable for proton plans but not for IMRT plans for both alignment methods. The preliminary data show that the CTV‐to‐PTV margin can be reduced to 3mm if we use daily image guided set‐up.
Management of female genitourinary fistulas : Transvesical or transvaginal approach?

AbstractPurpose: We reviewed 25 female genitourinary fistula repairs performed at our institution from 1993 to 1997.Materials and Methods: Our series comprised 7 primary vesicovaginal, 6 recurrent vesicovaginal, 7 complex, 1 ureterovaginal and 4 urethrovaginal fistulas. Postoperative followup ranged from 8 months to 5 years.Results: Overall, 92% of the patients were cured (23 of 25). The 2 failures occurred in patients with a history of pelvic malignancy involving adjuvant therapy.Conclusions: Complex irradiated vesicovaginal fistulas require staged repairs, often with pedicle flaps. However, primary repair of uncomplicated vesicovaginal fistulas is highly successful. Limited transvesical repair of these fistulas offers reliable success with minimal morbidity and hospital stay comparable to those of the transvaginal approach.
Assessment of athletic injuries

Abstract With the increasing popularity of sports and sports medicine, physicians in specialties not usually thought of as falling under the “sports medicine” banner are serving as team physicians. This position may be with a local school or a local cycling, running, swimming, or other club. Prior to accepting these positions, physicians must ensure they are comfortable with the evaluation of athletic injuries of both traumatic and non-traumatic origin and the differential diagnosis of health complaints with referred pain.
A Theory of Orbital Neutrons

As an alternative to present theories of the capture of slow neutrons by atoms, it is suggested that such capture is not primarily a phenomenon affecting the interior of the nucleus, but rather that, owing to the interaction between the spin of the nucleus and the spin of the neutron, there is a field outside the nucleus in which neutrons can be held in quantized "orbits." The fall from one of these orbits into the center of the nucleus is regarded as a second phenomenon not immediately related to the first. The probability of capture in a particular orbit is assumed to depend (1) upon a relationship between the energy of the approaching neutron and the kinetic energy in this orbit, and (2) upon the presence in the same neighborhood of occupied electronic orbits. Some consequences are drawn from these assumptions and compared with the results of experiment.
Identification of colchicine in placental blood from patients using herbal medicines.

While characterizing natural antiinflammatory substances in human placental blood, we discovered a factor that affected human neutrophils and their adherence. Rigorous chemical and stereochemical analyses revealed this factor to be the well-known alkaloid, colchicine. When samples from individual patients were analyzed, significant levels (49−763 μg/L) of colchicine could be found in placental blood of patients using nonprescription herbal dietary supplements during pregnancy. We confirmed the presence of colchicine in commercially available ginkgo biloba. Due to its potential harmful effects, it would appear that such supplements should be avoided by women who are pregnant or are trying to conceive.
Primary surgery as treatment for early squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil.

Background The management of tonsil carcinoma has gradually evolved such that the literature is replete with outcome summaries of this disease treated with primary RT and chemotherapy. Recently there have been no reports of patient outcomes with primary surgical therapy. Nonsurgical treatment is warranted when tumors are unresectable or if the patient refuses surgery. Our policy has been to treat operable squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the tonsil with surgery. The decision to use adjuvant therapy is based on the surgical and histologic findings. We herein report our results with this treatment protocol. Methods A retrospective review of 162 patients with SCCA of the tonsil was performed. Eighty-four patients were treated with surgery, which was followed by RT and/or chemotherapy if histologic signs of aggressive behavior were identified. Patients were followed 2 to 15 years after treatment. Results Of the 9 patients with stage I disease, 89% are without evidence of recurrent disease and 91% of patients with stage II tonsil cancers are also disease free. The survival rates for stage III and stage IV cancer patients are 79 and 52%, respectively. Conclusion Our data suggest that patients with early tonsil cancer can be effectively treated with surgery. Surgery allows pathologic staging so that patients with advanced tumors can be treated with adjuvant therapy. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 22: 294–296, 2000.
Developing China's West: A Critical Path to Balanced National Development. Y. M. Yeung and Jianfa Shen, eds.; Agricultural Trade and Policy in China. Scott D. Rozelle and Daniel A. Sumner, eds.

(2005). Developing China's West: A Critical Path to Balanced National Development. Y. M. Yeung and Jianfa Shen, eds.; Agricultural Trade and Policy in China. Scott D. Rozelle and Daniel A. Sumner, eds. Eurasian Geography and Economics: Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 77-80.
LOCALIZED BORIDING OF LOW-CARBON STEEL USING A ND:YAG LASER

Localized boriding of low-carbon steel by the conventional technique requires tedious preboriding treatment and a long processing time. Laser boriding of low-carbon steel can be performed faster, and without any preboriding treatment. The feasibility of selective boriding of AISI 1018 steel using a Nd∶YAG laser has been investigated. High hardness in the range 950–2200 Hv was obtained during laser boriding of AISI 1018 steel. The wide range of hardness is due to the variety of microstructures possible during laser boriding. Electron microprobe analysis showed that the highest hardness (2200 Hv) was due to the formation of FeB, and the lowest hardness was due to a mixture of Fe2B and eutectic (αFe+Fe2B). The most desirable microstructure in laser boriding of AISI 1018 steel was found to be Fe2B, which incorporates a combination of a high hardness, in the range of 1300–1700 Hv, and a compressive stress at the treated surface.
Using the Sexual Compulsivity Scale to Predict Outcomes of Sexual Behavior in Young Adults

The purpose of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS) and its relations with sexual behaviors and their associated outcomes. Data were collected from 390 young adults. Results indicated acceptable levels of internal consistency for the SCS (α = .79) and acceptable levels of construct and criterion-related validity. Forward stepwise logistic regression analyses suggest that the SCS was capable of predicting negative outcomes and unprotected sexual intercourse. The SCS appears to hold great potential for use in sexual health programs focusing on young adults.
The Transform Class in SPARX and EMAN2

We describe the Transform Class in SPARX/EMAN2 that is designed to handle rigid body motions of two- and three-dimensional data. We describe relationships between Eulerian angles conventions used in different electron microscopy software packages, as well as give examples of the simple scripts that execute conversions of Eulerian angles between these packages and handle other related tasks. The Transform Class is also responsible for generating point-group symmetry operations as well as generating quasi-evenly distributed points on the sphere (which is used in creating reference projections for structure refinement procedures in single particle reconstruction). We discuss how this is carried out internally in the code, and how symmetry operations are accessed through the SPARX interactive interface. We present a comprehensive description of symmetry operations for all point-group symmetries, as implemented in the class. Finally, we provide solutions to a number of typical problems associated with rotation operations-alignment of markers for dual-axis tomography, delineations of asymmetric subunits, quasi-uniform distribution of projection directions and such, and provide examples how these problems are solved using operations in the Transform Class.
Improved Results for Postcardiotomy Cardiogenic Shock With the Use of Implantable Left Ventricular Assist Devices

Abstract Background . Over the past decade, the use of mechanical circulatory support in patients with postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock has resulted in hospital discharge rates of 25% to 40%. In an attempt to improve patient survival, we initiated a program of early insertion of an implantable Thermocardiosystems Incorporated Heartmate left ventricular assist device in patients who have circulatory failure after having undergone high-risk cardiac operations. Methods . Between April 1993 and February 1997, 12 patients underwent insertion of an implantable left ventricular assist device for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock after coronary artery bypass grafting. Indications for insertion included postoperative cardiogenic shock (7 patients), postoperative cardiac arrest (3 patients), and failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass (2 patients). Results . The median time to device insertion was 3.5 days. The mean duration of left ventricular assist device support was 103 ± 19 days (range, 2 to 225 days). Nine of 11 patients (82%) survived to undergo either transplantation (8 patients) or explantation (1 patient), with successful hospital discharge of all 9 patients. The major complication was device-related infection (42%). A single thromboembolism occurred in a patient with an infection. Conclusions . Long-term outcome after postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock is improved substantially with the use of an implantable left ventricular assist device early in the postoperative course. Access to such a device is an important consideration before undertaking a high-risk cardiac operation, and early implantation of the device is a critical factor in ensuring long-term survival.
Hermitian vector bundles and the equidistribution of the zeroes of their holomorphic sections

At present a great deal is known about the value distribution of systems of meromorphic functions on an open Riemann surface. One has the beautiful results of Picard, E. Borel, Nevanlinna, Ahlfors, H. and J. Weyl and many others to point to. (See [1], [2].) The aim of this paper is to make the initial step towards an n-dimensional analogue of this theory. A natural general setting for the value distribution theory is the following one. We consider a complex n-manifold X and a holomorphic vector bundle E over X whose fiber dimension equals the dimension of X and wish to study the zero-sets of holomorphic sections of E. When X is compact (and without boundary) then it is well-known that if the zeroes of any continuous section are counted properly then the algebraic sum of these zero-points is independent of the section and is given by the integral of the nth Chern(2) class of E over X: Thus we have zeroes of s = | cn(E), (1.1) Number of J x
Equilibrium configurations of a shallow arch of arbitrary shape and their dynamic stability character

Abstract The behavior of a shallow arch is inherently non-linear. Offered here is an exact and complete analysis which allows us to determine all the possible equilibrium configurations and their dynamic stability character. The arch may be of any arbitrary shape. Both simply-supported and clamped end conditions are treated. The results have immediate applications to the snap-through stability of arches when subjected to impulsive loads or time-varying loads of finite duration.
PROCEDURAL ANESTHESIA AT THE BEDSIDE

Procedural anesthesia at the bedside offers patients relief from anxiety, discomfort, and pain and may expedite the procedure by increasing patient cooperation. Prospective planning requires knowledge of the condition of the patient and an assessment of the anesthetic requirements of the proposed procedure. The spectrum of anesthetic options includes sedation and analgesia, monitored anesthesia care, to total intravenous anesthesia (see Fig. 1). Identification of the at-risk patient and modifying the anesthetic should reduce complications (see Box 3). The choice of pharmaceuticals varies depending on the level of anticipated anesthesia. Personnel requirements also vary. Although an anesthesiologist is not required to administer medications and monitor the patient for sedation and analgesia or monitored anesthesia care, TIVA requires the services of an anesthesiologist. Costs are influenced by the personnel requirements and length of the procedure, which sets the drug requirements and drug costs. In the end, personal experience combined with knowledge should guide the provider to offer efficacious and cost-effective procedural anesthesia in the ICU.
Adiponectin is a mediator of the inverse association of adiposity with radiographic damage in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective Recent reports have suggested that increasing adiposity may protect against radiographic damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We explored the role of serum adipokines (adiponectin, resistin, and leptin) in mediating this association. Methods Patients with RA underwent total-body dual x-ray absorptiometry for measurement of total and regional body fat and lean mass, abdominal computed tomography for measurement of visceral fat area, and radiographs of the hands and feet scored according to the modified Sharp/van der Heijde (SHS) method. Serum levels of adipokines were measured and cross-sectional associations with radiographic damage were explored, adjusting for pertinent confounders. The associations of measures of adiposity with radiographic damage were explored with the introduction of adipokines into multivariable modeling as potential mediators. Results Among the 197 patients studied, adiponectin demonstrated a strong association with radiographic damage, with the log SHS score increasing by 0.40 units for each log unit increase in adiponectin (P = 0.001) after adjusting for pertinent predictors of radiographic damage. Adiponectin independently accounted for 6.1% of the explainable variability in SHS score, a proportion comparable with rheumatoid factor, and greater than HLA–DRB1 shared epitope alleles or C-reactive protein levels. Resistin and leptin were not associated with radiographic damage in adjusted models. An inverse association between visceral fat area and radiographic damage was attenuated when adiponectin was modeled as a mediator. The association of adiponectin with radiographic damage was stronger in patients with longer disease duration. Conclusion Adiponectin may represent a mechanistic link between low adiposity and increased radiographic damage in RA. Adiponectin modulation may represent a novel strategy for attenuating articular damage.
Bounds to electronic expectation values for atomic and molecular systems

A generalization of a method to calculate lower bounds to expectation values of non-negative observables is presented. We consider bounds to three electronic expectation values 〈r2〉, 〈r〉, and 〈r−1〉 in the helium atom as an example. For both 〈r2〉 and 〈r〉, we are able to calculate improved lower bounds. The lower bound to 〈r−1〉 does not improve, but we are able to calculate an upper bound which is much closer to the expectation value than the lower bound. Although our generalization allows for improved bounds and/or upper bounds, these bounds to general observables are much less precise than energy bounds and even the expectation values calculated from variational wave functions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Association between prepregnancy body mass index and congenital heart defects.

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine associations between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and congenital heart defects (CHDs). Study Design These analyses included case infants with CHDs (n = 6440) and liveborn control infants without birth defects (n = 5673) enrolled in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997-2004). Results Adjusted odds ratios for all CHDs combined were 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.29), 1.15 (95% CI, 1.00–1.32), and 1.31 (95% CI, 1.11–1.56) for overweight status, moderate obesity, and severe obesity, respectively. Phenotypes associated with elevated BMI (≥25.0 kg/m 2 ) were conotruncal defects (tetralogy of Fallot), total anomalous pulmonary venous return, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) defects (pulmonary valve stenosis), and septal defects (secundum atrial septal defect). Conclusion These results corroborated those of previous studies and suggested new associations between obesity and conotruncal defects and RVOT defects.
Biomagnetic separation of contaminating host leukocytes from plasmodium-infected erythrocytes.

Carlton, J. M-R., Yowell, C. A., Sturrock, K. A., and Dame, J. B. 2001. Biomagnetic separation of contaminating host leukocytes from Plasmodium-infected erythrocytes. Experimental Parasitology 97, 111-114.
Quantum Interference in the Incoherent Spectra of Resonance Fluorescence

The incoherent spectrum of resonance fluorescence is a Lorentzian squared instead of the usual Lorentzian. We explain this as a quantum interference effect using quantum trajectory theory.
Altered prolactin response to clomipramine rechallenge in healthy subjects

Abstract The effect of an initial challenge with the serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitor clomipramine (CMI) on subsequent rechallenge was studied in healthy men who served as volunteers. Carefully screened volunteers were assigned to one of three conditions: (1) CMI challenge followed 2 weeks later by CMI rechallenge; (2) placebo challenge followed 2 weeks later by CMI challenge; and (3) CMI challenge followed 4 weeks later by CMI rechallenge. We found significant blunting of the prolactin response to CMI rechallenge 2 weeks (Signed Rank = −12, p = 0.05), but not 4 weeks after an initial challenge. Placebo challenge did not affect CMI challenge 2 weeks later. These findings suggest that a single exposure to IV CMI may cause 5-HT receptor changes that are present 2, but not 4 weeks later. The ramifications of this finding with regard to the use of 5-HT challenge paradigms in a test-retest design are discussed.
Interleukin-6 fold change following hepatic artery embolization predicts length of hospital stay

Purpose: HCCs bridging two or more Couinaud segments of the liver (watershed tumors) have a higher propensity of recruiting multiple segmental arteries, sometimes recognizable on angiography at the time of TACE or recruited soon after. Our hypothesis is that fewer patients in this subgroup (WS) achieve complete response (CR, mRECIST) after TACE, resulting in more TACE sessions, a shorter time to local recurrence and increased risk of disease progression exceeding Milan criteria for transplant eligibility. Materials and Methods: Transplant eligible patients listed with MELD exception points for HCC who underwent TACE as their INITIAL/i4 locoregional treatment at our institution were included in this retrospective review. Local response to TACE using mRECIST was recorded for the index tumor or, when other lesions were present, the largest tumor. Time to local recurrence and drop out due to disease progression was recorded in this transplant eligible population. Index tumors treated subsequently with another modality (e.g. ablation) were censored. Results: A total of 85 patients (52 WS, 33 non-WS) were identified. Patient demographics and tumor size were similar in both groups. CR was achieved after a single session of TACE in 85% of non-WS tumors compared to 56% of WS tumors (p1⁄40.01). Residual disease treated with additional TACE resulted in subsequent CR in a minority of patients (13% and 3%, WS and non-WS, respectively), while the rest progressed or were treated with an alternative modality. Even following CR after the initial TACE, local recurrence was seen earlier in the WS group (median 337 days) compared to the non-WS group (median 484 days). Finally, tumor progression outside the Milan criteria led to transplant ineligibility in 21% of the patients with WS tumors compared to 12% in the non-WS patients but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: HCCs located in watershed regions of the liver have a poor response to TACE, requiring multiple TACE sessions. The time to recurrence is shorter and may subsequently lead to transplant ineligibility due to disease progression. Aggressive, possibly multimodality, treatment of these tumors may be warranted.
Modeling lattice strain evolution at finite strains and experimental verification for copper and stainless steel using in situ neutron diffraction

An elasto-plastic self-consistent (EPSC) polycrystal model is extended to account, in an approximate fashion, for the kinematics of large strains, rigid body rotations, texture evolution and grain shape evolution. In situ neutron diffraction measurements of the flow stress, internal strain, texture and diffraction peak intensity evolutions were performed on polycrystalline copper and stainless steel, up to true tensile strains of e = 0.3. Suitably adjusted slip system hardening model parameters enable the model to quantitatively describe the flow stress of the polycrystalline aggregate. Quantitative predictions of the texture evolution and the internal strain evolution along the stress axis are good, while predictions of transverse internal strains (perpendicular to the tensile loading direction) are less satisfactory. The latter exhibit a large dispersion from grain to grain around a macroscopic average, and the implications of this finding for the interpretation of in situ neutron diffraction method are explored. Finally, as a demonstration of the applicability of the model to problems involving finite rotation, as well as deformation, simulations of simple shear were conducted which predict a texture evolution in agreement with published experimental data, and other modeling approaches as well.
Association between opioid prescribing patterns and opioid overdose-related deaths.

Context The rate of prescription opioid–related overdose death increased substantially in the United States over the past decade. Patterns of opioid prescribing may be related to risk of overdose mortality. Objective To examine the association of maximum prescribed daily opioid dose and dosing schedule (“as needed,” regularly scheduled, or both) with risk of opioid overdose death among patients with cancer, chronic pain, acute pain, and substance use disorders. Design Case-cohort study. Setting Veterans Health Administration (VHA), 2004 through 2008. Participants All unintentional prescription opioid overdose decedents (n = 750) and a random sample of patients (n = 154 684) among those individuals who used medical services in 2004 or 2005 and received opioid therapy for pain. Main Outcome Measure Associations of opioid regimens (dose and schedule) with death by unintentional prescription opioid overdose in subgroups defined by clinical diagnoses, adjusting for age group, sex, race, ethnicity, and comorbid conditions. Results The frequency of fatal overdose over the study period among individuals treated with opioids was estimated to be 0.04%.The risk of overdose death was directly related to the maximum prescribed daily dose of opioid medication. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) associated with a maximum prescribed dose of 100 mg/d or more, compared with the dose category 1 mg/d to less than 20 mg/d, were as follows: among those with substance use disorders, adjusted HR = 4.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.46-8.37; absolute risk difference approximation [ARDA] = 0.14%); among those with chronic pain, adjusted HR = 7.18 (95% CI, 4.85-10.65; ARDA = 0.25%); among those with acute pain, adjusted HR = 6.64 (95% CI, 3.31-13.31; ARDA = 0.23%); and among those with cancer, adjusted HR = 11.99 (95% CI, 4.42-32.56; ARDA = 0.45%). Receiving both as-needed and regularly scheduled doses was not associated with overdose risk after adjustment. Conclusion Among patients receiving opioid prescriptions for pain, higher opioid doses were associated with increased risk of opioid overdose death.
Acute Toxicity in Rats and Mice Exposed to Hydrogen Chloride Gas and Aerosols

Hydrogen chloride (HC1) is one of the combustion products formed during the test firing of certain rocket and missile engines. A study was undertaken to determine the LC50 values for rats and mice exposed to various measured concentrations of either HC1 gas or HC1 aerosol for 5 and 30 minutes. This accomplished two objectives; first, to define short-exposure toxicity levels for HC1 in either form and second, to determine whether the aerosol form represented a greater hazard than the gas itself. The respiratory tract was the primary target for HC1 in either form, and lesions were similar to those produced by other severe pulmonary irritants. The results indicate that HC1 gas and HCI aerosol have comparable toxicity in rats and mice. Comparison of these results with another study of HCI gas toxicity in rabbits and guinea pigs showed that HCI gas had the same degree of toxicity in mice, rabbits and guinea pigs while rats were considerably more tolerant.