cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wireless Transmission Energy Analysis for Interference-Aware and Confidentiality-Enhanced Multipath Routing

Two of the most important concerns in today’s wireless network systems and mobile devices are communication security and energy consumption. Most of the time, wireless system designers treat these two issues separately, which usually results in a non-optimized final product. In general, the more security features a system uses, the more energy it consumes. While it is arguable about what an optimized system is, it is certainly beneficial to study the details of these tradeoffs which can provide insights into the design in the future. In this paper, we investigate the tradeoffs between the energy and security when the wireless multi-hop routing involves confidentiality-enhanced multipath routing and radio interference-aware routing. Intuitively, if multipath routing is employed to enhance data confidentiality, the overall energy consumption increases because more mobile device antennas become active on multiple paths and they raise up the radio interference level. However, as our study shows, while high-density wireless networks suffer from high energy problems when strong confidentiality is supported by multipath routing, employing radio propagation directionality properly can provide both enhanced security and reduced energy consumption at a reasonable level.
A systematic review of the genus Chasmodes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Blenniidae)

A systematic review of the Atlantic blenniid genus Chasmodes was conducted. Principal components analysis (PCA) of 18 box-truss measurements revealed little variation in overall body shape among the three recognized Chasmodes species. In contrast, PCA of six more standard ichthyological measurements and the number of segmented dorsal-fin rays showed significant differences among the three. The species-level classification presented herein agrees with nomenclature in recently published works. Cladistic analysis of partial 12S rRNA gene sequences indicates Chasmodes is sister to a lineage comprising Hypleurochilus, Scartella, and Hypsoblennius. Based on our conclusions about phylogenetic relationships, we infer that sea-level fluctuations were likely associated with speciation in Chasmodes. Remarks on the critical habitats of these blennies are given.
Simulation Curriculum Can Improve Medical Student Assessment and Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome During a Clinical Practice Exam

Abstract Background It has been noted that increased focus on learning acute care skills is needed in undergraduate medical curricula. This study investigated whether a simulation-based curriculum improved a senior medical student’s ability to manage acute coronary syndrome as measured during a clinical performance examination (CPX). The authors hypothesized that simulation training would improve overall performance when compared with targeted didactics or historical controls. Methods All 4th-year medical students (n = 291) over 2 years at the authors’ institution were included in this study. In the 3rd year of medical school, the “control” group received no intervention, the “didactic” group received a targeted didactic curriculum, and the “simulation” group participated in small group simulation training and the didactic curriculum. For intergroup comparison on the CPX, the authors calculated the percentage of correct actions completed by the student. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation with significance defined as P Results There was a significant improvement in overall performance with simulation versus both didactics and control ( P Conclusions simulation training had a modest impact on overall CPX performance in the management of a simulated acute coronary syndrome. Additional studies are needed to evaluate how to further improve curricula regarding unstable patients.
A view to the future of natural gas and electricity: An integrated modeling approach

Abstract This paper demonstrates the value of integrating two highly spatially resolved models: the Rice World Gas Trade Model (RWGTM) of the natural gas sector and the Regional Energy Deployment System (ReEDS) model of the U.S. electricity sector. The RWGTM passes electricity-sector natural gas prices to the ReEDS model, while the ReEDS model returns electricity-sector natural gas demand to the RWGTM. The two models successfully converge to a solution under reference scenario conditions. We present electricity-sector and natural gas sector evolution using the integrated models for this reference scenario. This paper demonstrates that the integrated models produced similar national-level results as when running in a stand-alone form, but that regional and state-level results can vary considerably. As we highlight, these regional differences have potentially significant implications for electric sector planners especially in the wake of substantive policy changes for the sector (e.g., the Clean Power Plan).
PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE E PREVENÇÃO DE DOENÇAS: RESPONSABILIDADE INDIVIDUAL OU RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL

This article is about some theorietical assumptions that have guided helath promotion and disease prevention strategies. Some questions are raised in relation to the professional's interventions that consider health promotion as an individual responsability. It is suggested that the focus should be on social changes through the professionals' consciousness in social, political, behavioral and economic aspects that exert influences over the population's health. These ideas ought to be incorporated to the nurse-client interaction.
Changing Paradigms: The Collapse of Consensus History

Jon Wiener's lively, informative essay has two objectives: the first celebratory, the second analytic. On the primary level, Wiener gives us a proud narrative of suffering, persecution, and triumph. Through their ordeal, the vision of the radicals is clarified and their perseverance rewarded. Their labors win respect; their message is heard. A secondary objective of the essay, largely distinct from the first, is to understand how and why these unwelcome outsiders gained admission to the citadel where the historical establishment held sway. Struck by the contrast between the exclusion of leftist scholars prior to the 1960s and their rapid acceptance thereafter, Wiener refuses a simple explanation for the change. The power and beauty of the outsiders' testimony could not alone have forced the gates. The state of mind of the defenders was crucial. Unfortunately the narrative that supports Wiener's celebratory objective does little to answer the questions his analytic objective poses. By keeping the progress of radical scholarship at the center of attention, Wiener allows himself only a passing glance at what is most significant in his paper how and why an entrenched professional elite lost the will to exclude. Nevertheless, Wiener's summary judgment that a window of opportunity for radical historians opened between 1966 and 1968 because key leaders of the consensus approach to American history underwent "a loss of confidence" in the prevailing historiographical paradigm provides a good starting point for further inquiry., For me that inquiry leads primarily into the context rather than the content of radical scholarship, into the market rather than the product. Yet it is essential not to concede Wiener's point that the historical profession has traditionally been deaf to politically distasteful scholarship of high caliber. To agree, as one must, that an occasional radical book before the 1960s deserved a friendlier and fuller hearing than it got is not to suppose that ideology foreclosed any hearing at all. Wiener fails to take account of the scantiness and conceptual simplicities in earlier Marxist
Passive deterioration of shelly material; a study of the Recent eastern Pacific articulate brachiopod Terebratalia transversa Sowerby

The preservation potential of a brachiopod shell is in part determined by the post-mortem loss in its mechanical resilience to physical destruction. The loss of mechanical resistance, whether due to the decay of the shell's organic matrix or other processes, can be observed using engineering testing technigues. Tests at various post-mortem intervals on evacuated shells of a population of the extant eastern Pacific terebratulid brachiopod from the San Juan Islands, Terebratalia transversa, revealed that a measurable decrease in preservation potential had occurred. This decrease is demonstrated by the loss of structural integrity of both the hinging mechanism in articulated specimens, and of the shell walls of the individual valves
In vivo quantification of cell-surface receptors in solid cancers: two imaging agents are better than one

Variability in physiology amongst tumors can significantly influence nonspecific delivery and retention of cancer targeted imaging agents. Here, the administration of a second, untargeted agent is explored to account for nonspecific effects, allowing quantitative analyses.
Publication of pediatric and neonatal articles in the pharmacy literature from 2000 to 2010.

Pediatric patients have traditionally been referred to as “therapeutic orphans” due to the lack of efficacy, safety, and dosing information provided for this population in the labeling of currently approved medications. Only 30–40% of medications with labeling approved by FDA have an
Laboratory suggestion: a simple, inexpensive, fluidic device for vacuum regulation.

A simple vacuum-reducing device, manufactured from vacuum tubing, disposable needles, and rubber stoppers, is described. By appropriate selection of needle gauges it is possible to lower the line vacuum to the levels required by aspirators, electric counters, automatic pipettes, and similar equipment.
Image registration by using multi-variate spline functions

Image registration is a kind of image processing that merges a series of pictures into a global picture. Any picture of this series has a common part with another one and they may be produced in different time, by different equipments, and under different factors such as weather, illumination angle etc. Based on multivariate splines defined on arbitrary triangulations, in this paper a new image registration method is presented. Experiment results show that, comparing with other methods, our results have better merging texture with simpler and easier calculation.
Combined cycloablation and gonioimplantation for treatment of glaucoma in dogs: 18 cases (1992-1998).

OBJECTIVE To evaluate a combined cycloablative and gonioimplantation technique for treatment of glaucoma in dogs. DESIGN Retrospective study. ANIMALS 18 adult dogs with glaucoma. PROCEDURE Medical records of dogs that received a valved gonioimplant and a cyclodestructive procedure (cyclocryoablation or diode laser cyclophotocoagulation) during a 6-year period were reviewed. Retention of vision and intraocular pressure control were assessed, as well as number and nature of complications. RESULTS 19 eyes of 18 dogs received a valved gonioimplant and either cyclocryoablation (n = 12) or diode laser cyclophotocoagulation (7). At > or = 1 year after surgery, 11 of 19 eyes had vision and 14 of 19 eyes had intraocular pressure < 25 mm Hg. Two dogs (2 eyes) were lost to follow-up 3 and 6 months after surgery. Despite the alternative route for aqueous humor flow created by the gonioimplant, 7 eyes had increased intraocular pressure (27 to 61 mm Hg) < 24 hours after surgery. Other complications included excessive intraocular fibrin, focal retinal detachment, corneal ulcer, retinal hemorrhage, cataract, and implant migration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Combined cycloablation and gonioimplantation appears to be a promising technique for retention of vision and control of intraocular pressure in dogs with glaucoma.
Actions of thiocyanate and N-phenylmaleimide on volume-responsive Na and K transport in dog red cells.

Two sets of observations suggest a linkage between volume-responsive Na and K transport systems in dog red blood cells. 1) The lyotropic anion thiocyanate inhibits shrinkage-induced Na-H exchange and stimulates swelling-induced K-Cl cotransport. 2) The effect of a brief incubation with N-phenylmaleimide (NPM) on Na and K transport depends on the volume of the cells at the time of exposure to the sulfhydryl reagent. Cells shrunken during the NPM incubation and then brought back to normal volume behave as though they were still shrunken, i.e., they show an increased Na flux and a decreased K flux. Cells incubated with NPM in a swollen state retain fluxes characteristic of swollen cells when returned to a normal volume. The electrophoretic mobility of the membrane-associated enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is influenced by the cell volume at the time of NPM exposure. These findings point to the existence of a system in cells that perceives volume changes and coordinates the responses of membrane transporters.
Descriptions and Conceptualization

Empathy, a translation of the German wordEinfuhlung, has been described as an elusive and slippery concept with a long history marked by ambiguity and controversy. There has been an ongoing debate about the construct of empathy, described sometimes as a cognitive attribute featuring understanding of experiences of others (cognitive empathy); at other times, as an emotional state of the mind featuring sharing of feelings (emotional empathy); and at still other times as a concept involving both cognition and emotion. Distinctions are made in this chapter between cognition and emotion and also between their corresponding underlying mechanisms of understanding and feeling. The unsettled issue of the differences between empathy and sympathy in the context of patient care is addressed by viewing empathy in patient care as a predominantly cognitive attribute featuring understanding of others’ concerns (cognitive empathy, or clinical empathy) that has a positive and linear relationship with patient outcomes and by viewing sympathy (synonymous to emotional empathy) as a primarily emotional concept featured by sharing emotions and feelings that has a curvilinear relationship (an inverted U shape) with patient outcomes. Distinctions between cognition and emotion, understanding and feeling, and empathy and sympathy are utterly important because of their implications not only for relevant conceptualization and valid measurement of empathy in patient care but for their different consequences in patient outcomes as well.
Dialysis Patient Perspectives on CKD Advocacy: A Semistructured Interview Study

BACKGROUND Health advocacy groups provide education, raise public awareness, and engage in legislative, scientific, and regulatory processes to advance funding and treatments for many diseases. Despite a high burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States, public awareness and research funding lag behind those for other disease states. We undertook this study of patients receiving maintenance dialysis to describe knowledge and beliefs about CKD advocacy, understand perceptions regarding advocacy participation, and elicit ideas for generating more advocacy in the dialysis community. STUDY DESIGN Qualitative study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 48 patients (89% response rate) receiving in-center hemodialysis (n=39), home hemodialysis (n=4), and peritoneal dialysis (n=5) from 14 US states. METHODOLOGY Semistructured interviews. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Transcripts were thematically analyzed. RESULTS 5 themes describing patient perspectives on CKD advocacy were identified: (1) advocacy awareness (advocacy vs engagement knowledge, concrete knowledge, CKD publicity), (2) willingness to participate (personal qualities, internal efficacy, external efficacy), (3) motivations (altruism, providing a purpose, advancement of personal health, self-education), (4) resource availability (time, financial and transportation, health status), and (5) mobilization experience (key figure, mobilization network). Participants displayed operational understanding of advocacy but generally lacked knowledge about specific opportunities for participation. Personal qualities and external efficacy were perceived as important for advocacy participation, as were motivating factors such as altruism and self-education. Resources factored heavily into perceived participation ability. Most participants identified a key figure who invited them to participate in advocacy. In-person patient-delivered communication about advocacy opportunities was identified as critical to enhancing CKD advocacy among patients living on dialysis therapy. LIMITATIONS Potential selection bias and inclusion of only English-speaking participants may limit generalizability. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results suggest that there may be untapped advocacy potential within the dialysis community and highlight the need for local in-person patient-led initiatives to increase patient involvement in CKD advocacy.
Exploring the Impact of an Outdoor Orientation Program on Adaptation to College.

Outdoor orientation programming as a means for orientating students to college has experienced significant growth and expanded use over the past decade. An increase in rigorous research has accompa...
The law of possession of digital objects: dominion and control issues for digital forensics investigations and prosecutions

The possession of digital objects defines rights and liabilities of the possessor. The nature of digital data, networked systems and data security suggest review of the fundamental concept as applied to digital objects. Possession of digital objects may be separate and distinct from physical possession of storage media and systems. Failure to address this risks error based on misleading evidence as to possession.
Matrix description of differential relations of moment functions in structural reliability sensitivity analysis

In a structural system reliability analysis that lacks probabilistic information, calculating the numerical characteristics of the state functions, especially the first four moments of the state functions, is necessary. Based on that, the structural system reliability is analyzed with a fourth-order moment method. The reliability sensitivity is required to conduct the differential operation of the numerical characteristic functions. A reliability sensitivity analysis formula is then derived in combination with the relation of the differential operation. Based on the matrix theory and Kronecker algebra, this paper systematically derives a matrix expression of the first four moments of the state functions, and establishes the matrix relation between the first four moments of the state functions and those of the basic random variables. On this basis, a differential operation formula of the first four moments of the state functions is further derived against the first four moments of the basic random variables. The vector relation between the state functions and the multidimensional basic random variables is described by means of the matrix operation to extend the operation method. Finally, a concise and intuitive formula is obtained to explore the inherent essential relation between the numerical characteristics of the state functions and those of the basic random variables, leading to a universal equation for the two kinds of numerical characteristics.
Motivations and Experiences of Whitewater Rafting Tourists on the Ocoee River, USA

This study explored the relationships that adventure motivations have with adventure experiences (i.e. emotional response and place attachment) and behavioral outcomes (i.e. revisit intention and word-of-mouth). Based on 690 surveys collected from whitewater rafters at the Ocoee River in Tennessee, structural equation modeling revealed that thrill and nature motivations led to a positive affective response towards the adventure activity, which led to an attachment to the adventure destination and positive behavioral outcomes and that perceived risk was a significant moderator between thrill and affective response. These findings will assist marketers in promoting the activities and locations to attract more adventure tourists. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Focal Cortical Dysplasia: Gene Mutations, Cell Signaling, and Therapeutic Implications

Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are malformations of cortical development (MCDs) that are highly associated with medication-resistant epilepsy and are the most common cause of neocortical epilepsy in children. FCDs are a heterogeneous group of developmental disorders caused by germline or somatic mutations that occur in genes regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway—a key pathway in neuronal growth and migration. Accordingly, FCDs are characterized by abnormal cortical lamination, cell morphology (e.g., cytomegaly), and cellular polarity. In some FCD subtypes, balloon cells express proteins typically seen in neuroglial progenitor cells. Because recurrent intractable seizures are a common feature of FCDs, epileptogenic electrophysiological properties are also observed in addition to local inflammation. Here, we will summarize the current literature regarding FCDs, addressing the current classification system, histopathology, molecular genetics, electrophysiology, and transcriptome and cell signaling changes.
Commercial applications of satellite oceanography

It is shown that in the next decade the oceans' commercial users will require an operational oceanographic satellite system or systems capable of maximizing real-time coverage over all ocean areas. Seasat studies suggest that three spacecraft are required to achieve this. Here, the sensor suite would measure surface winds, wave heights (and spectral energy distribution), ice characteristics, sea-surface temperature, ocean colorimetry, height of the geoid, salinity, and subsurface thermal structure. The importance of oceanographic data being distributed to commercial users within two hours of observation time is stressed. Also emphasized is the importance of creating a responsive oceanographic satellite data archive. An estimate of the potential dollar benefits of such an operational oceanographic satellite system is given.
Photo Animation Brings Scientists Back to Life in the Classroom.

In biology textbooks and in lecture slides, it is customary to describe the significance of a historical scientific experiment alongside a still photograph of the scientist who performed the work. This method communicates information about the scientists' works, but can be a dry method to describe an exciting and dynamic historical individual. I have developed a method to animate still photographs and engravings of historical scientists and narrate them in the first person. This method is rapid, inexpensive, and does not require more than average technical ability. The animated historical scientists directly address the students to educate them about their own personal lives, struggles, and achievements.
Emergent Bistability and Switching in a Nonequilibrium Crystal

Bistable switching between a crystalline condensed state and a gaslike excited state is demonstrated in a system of charged microparticles.
Lateral Fluid Percussion Injury Impairs Hippocampal Synaptic Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide Sensitive Factor Attachment Protein Receptor Complex Formation.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the activation of secondary injury mechanisms have been linked to impaired cognitive function, which, as observed in TBI patients and animal models, can persist for months and years following the initial injury. Impairments in neurotransmission have been well documented in experimental models of TBI, but the mechanisms underlying this dysfunction are poorly understood. Formation of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex facilitates vesicular docking and neurotransmitter release in the synaptic cleft. Published studies highlight a direct link between reduced SNARE complex formation and impairments in neurotransmitter release. While alterations in the SNARE complex have been described following severe focal TBI, it is not known if deficits in SNARE complex formation manifest in a model with reduced severity. We hypothesized that lateral fluid percussion injury (lFPI) reduces the abundance of SNARE proteins, impairs SNARE complex formation and contributes to impaired neurobehavioral function. To this end, rats were subjected to lFPI or sham injury, and tested for acute motor performance and cognitive function at 3 weeks post-injury. lFPI resulted in motor impairment between 1 and 5 days post-injury. Spatial acquisition and spatial memory, as assessed by the Morris water maze, were significantly impaired at 3 weeks after lFPI. To examine the effect of lFPI on synaptic SNARE complex formation in the injured hippocampus, a separate cohort of rats was generated and brains processed to evaluate hippocampal synaptosomal-enriched lysates at 1 week post-injury. lFPI resulted in a significant reduction in multiple monomeric SNARE proteins, including VAMP2, and α-synuclein, and SNARE complex abundance. The findings in the current study are consistent with our previously published observations suggesting that impairments in hippocampal SNARE complex formation may contribute to neurobehavioral dysfunction associated with TBI.
Service providers' perspectives on sex trafficking of male minors: comparing background and trafficking situations of male and female victims

Even though it is documented that sex trafficking of male minors occurs, limited research has focused on this type of commercial sexual exploitation. Data was collected via telephone interviews from 323 professionals who worked with at-risk youth and/or crime victims/offenders in all counties in a mostly rural state in the U.S. Half of the respondents had worked with at least one victim of child sex trafficking, and of these 161 respondents, 57.8% had worked with at least one male victim. To contextualize the data on male minor victims, quantitative analysis was conducted comparing the close-ended and themes identified in open-ended responses of professionals who reported they worked exclusively with male victims (n = 26) versus professionals who worked exclusively with female victims (n = 81) to examine how sex trafficking of male minors may differ or be similar to sex trafficking of female minors. Many similarities in victims’ vulnerability factors, the systems victims encountered, and their greatest needs were found by gender. Familial sex trafficking was one of the typical pathways into commercial sexual exploitation for minors. There were some differences in the pathways in sex trafficking by gender. There is a need for greater awareness, training, and resource-building for identifying and appropriately responding to male minors who are trafficked in commercial sex.
Potential Role of CD28-B7 Interactions in the Growth of Myeloma Plasma Cells

Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of plasma cells. Patients with myeloma have associated immune deficiencies, including decreased numbers of B cells in the peripheral blood and corresponding decreased humoral responses. Myeloma patients also show significant alterations in T cell function. There are decreased numbers of CD4+ T cells while CD8+ T cells are normal to slightly increased [1,2].
Muon Induced Background

Cosmic ray-induced background processes are of major concern for all low count rate experiments.
Regulation of cofilin phosphorylation in glomerular podocytes by testis specific kinase 1 (TESK1)

Expression of a constitutively active Rho A (V14Rho) in podocytes in vivo induces albuminuria and foot process (FP) effacement. These effects may be mediated by the Rho A effector Rho kinase (ROK); but inhibition of ROK with Y27632 failed to attenuate albuminuria or FP effacement in V14Rho mice. ROK activates LIM kinases (LIMKs), which phosphorylate and inhibit the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin 1 (CFL1). Sustained phosphorylation of CFL1 is implicated in human nephrotic diseases, but Y27632 did not inhibit phosphorylation of CFL1 in vivo, despite effective ROK inhibition. CFL1 is also phosphorylated by testis-specific kinase 1 (TESK1) on the same serine residue. TESK1 was expressed in podocytes, and, similar to the in vivo situation, Y27632 had little effect on phospho-CFL1 (pCFL1) levels in cultured podocytes. In contrast, Y27632 reduced pCFL1 levels in TESK1 knockout (KO) cells. ROK inhibition enhanced podocyte motility but, the motility promoting effect of Y27632 was absent in TESK1 KO podocytes. Thus, TESK1 regulates podocyte cytoskeletal dynamics in glomerular podocytes and may play an important role in regulating glomerular filtration barrier integrity in glomerular disease processes.
No se cierran pueblos. Cómo se entiende la ciudad desde la política y la sociedad civil

At a time when the phenomenon of the city is as important as it is interesting to focus on it to understand it better. This is exactly where you want to place this small work developed during the 2016/2017 academic year. Know the city from the actors that from the local institutional instances with their speeches in plenary or in the interviews, and think about an image of the city. To know it, also, from the actors of the civil society, the citizens and the citizens who look for ways and others try in the march of the own city, that actively tries to change it in the direction. At the end and end it is about knowing it from women and men that similarly to it and that tries to influence it to be able to see their common points and their differences.
Fostering innovation through collaborative action research on the creation of shared instructional products by university science instructors

The purpose of this study is to profile four university science instructors who utilized action research as a means of learning how to develop and integrate a novel curriculum innovation – engineer...
Landau theory of quantum spin glasses of rotors and Ising spins

Recent work on the zero-temperature phase transition in a quantum spin glass of rotors or Ising spins is reviewed.
Hypercoagulability After Resection of Thoracic Malignancy: A Prospective Evaluation

Rates of venous thromboembolism are increased in thoracic malignancy; however, coagulation patterns are not established. We hypothesize that patients with esophageal and lung malignancy have similar hypercoagulable pre- and postoperative profiles as defined by rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Prospective study was conducted in 47 patients with esophageal and lung cancer undergoing surgical resection. ROTEM evaluated pre/postoperative coagulation status. Patients with thoracic malignancy were hypercoagulable by ROTEM, but not by conventional coagulation tests. Preoperative hypercoagulability was higher in lung versus esophageal cancer (64 vs. 16%, p = 0.001). Lung cancer patients that were hypercoagulable preoperatively demonstrated decreased maximum clot firmness (MCF) (p = 0.044) and increased clot time (p = 0.049) after surgical resection, suggesting reversal of hypercoagulability. Resection of esophageal cancer increased hypercoagulability (16 vs. 56%, p = 0.002) via elevated MCF (reflecting platelet activity). Hypercoagulability remained at follow-up clinic for both lung and esophageal cancer patients. Hypercoagulability in patients with lung malignancies reversed following complete surgical resection, whereas hypercoagulability occurred only postoperatively in those with esophageal malignancies. In both, hypercoagulability was associated with fibrin and platelet function.
Biomechanical Effects of Shoe Gear on the Lower Extremity

The information gleaned from kinetic and kinematic studies on foot function and gait in relation to shoes can be applied clinically after considering the key findings of the research discussed in this article. These studies demonstrate the events of the gait cycle are somewhat different from what many providers have been taught. Greater pronation of the subtalar joint when entering the propulsive period, where resupination will most likely be occurring, would be expected.
[Investigation of Toxoplasma gondii infection among special populations in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province].

OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among special populations in Nanjing City, so as to provide the reference for formulating the interventions for the prevention and control of T. gondii infections in this population. METHODS The HIV/AIDS patients, tumor patients, pregnant women, and people with livestock and poultry breeding or processing works were selected as the study subjects from September to November 2015. The venous blood samples were collected from each participant for detecting IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii by ELISA. RESULTS The overall prevalence of T. gondii infection was 10.2% in the study subjects in Nanjing City. The T. gondii infection rates were 12.2%, 11.3%, 4.0%, and 13.0% among the HIV/AIDS patients, tumor patients, pregnant women, and people with livestock and poultry breeding or processing works, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference among the four groups (χ2 = 5.668, P = 0.130). The prevalence of T. gondii infection was higher in men than in women (15.3% vs. 5.8%; χ2 = 10.213, P = 0.001), and there were significant differences in the prevalence of T. gondii infection in terms of gender (χ2 = 9.501, P = 0.023), education levels (χ2 = 9.850, P = 0.043) or occupations (χ2 = 8.983, P = 0.062). CONCLUSIONS The infection rate of T. gondii among the special population in Nanjing City is high. Therefore, the health education intervention should be strengthened in the follow-up work for the special population.
InGaN/GaN Quantum Dots on Silicon With Coalesced Nanowire Buffer Layers: A Potential Technology for Visible Silicon Photonics

We have investigated the structural and optical characteristics of planar GaN epitaxial layers on silicon substrates, formed by coalescing an array of GaN nanowires, and of In0.32Ga0.68N/GaN self-organized quantum dots grown on the GaN layer. The as-grown coalesced GaN layer is of the cubic crystalline form, with a large density of stacking faults, that transforms to the wurtzite form, devoid of most of the stacking faults, upon post-growth annealing. Multiple layers of the quantum dots emit at 550 nm. Temperature-dependent and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements have been made to determine the temperature dependent radiative and non-radiative lifetimes of the quantum dots.
Indian Classical Dance Education in Diaspora

How can teaching dance in the South Asian diaspora influence dance education in the United States? In this article, I reflect on my foray into the diasporic community as an Indian classical dance e...
Molecular Insights into Warfarin Sodium 2-Propanol Solvate Solid Form Changes and Disproportionation Using a Low Volume Two-Stage Dissolution Approach

The current research work focuses on understanding the reported discrepancies and our observations in the dissolution profiles of warfarin sodium tablets and potential patient-based failure modes during oral warfarin therapy. It was hypothesized that freely soluble crystalline warfarin sodium (WARC) at first transforms into noncrystalline warfarin sodium (WARNC) under stress conditions. The WARC → WARNC conversion facilitates the rapid formation of the poorly soluble unionized form, which could lead to dissolution failures and potential poor in vivo performance. Depressed warfarin concentrations locally in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) may in turn lead to inadequate absorption and thereby affect bioavailability. A low volume two-stage dissolution method was developed to mimic in vivo GIT conditions. Warfarin sodium tablets exposed to room temperature and 75% relative humidity for 1 week showed approximately 23% decrease in drug release. The decline in drug release supports the hypothesis that WARNC is converted to the unionized form faster than WARC does under the same conditions. Solid state characterization (powder X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry) data demonstrated the disproportionation of warfarin sodium to unionized warfarin after solubility and dissolution studies. The findings support the hypothesis and a possible failure mode of warfarin sodium tablets. This work is a second case study from our laboratory on narrow therapeutic index drug products in which the instability of the solid state of the drug substance is potentially responsible for observed clinical failures.
Mathematicians’ beliefs, instruction, and students’ beliefs: how related are they?

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL EDUCATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY on November 29, 2021, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/0020739X.2021.1998684
Sex Education in the 1990's: A Systems Perspective on Family Sexuality

Historically, sex education has struggled to accommodate the diversity of sexual attitudes and values found in American society. As a consequence, research has yielded very limited support as to the effectiveness of the typical sex education curriculum.Several theories nave applied principles of biological and social systems to the family. A basic understanding and subsequent application of these principles to sex education curricula can be useful in enhancing the effectiveness of sex education programs. This paper suggests ways that family system concepts can be integrated into sex education curricula. In doing this, a new approach to sex education is suggested.
Directing: Film Techniques and Aesthetics

Artistic Identity* The Job of the Director* Identifying Your Themes as a Director* Developing Your Story Ideas* Checklist* Screencraft* Screen Grammar* Seeing with a Moviemaker's Eye* Shooting Projects* Checklist* Writing* The Screenplay* The Process of Writing* Adaptation from Art or Life* Story Development Strategies* Scene-Writing Exercises* Checklist* Aesthetics and Authorship* Point of View* Genre, Conflict, and Dialectics* Structure, Plot, and Time* Space, Stylized Environments, and Performances* Form and Style* Checklist* Preproduction* Interpreting the Script* Casting* Directing Actors* Actors' Problems* Improvisation Work to Explore Acting* Exercises with a Text* Rehearsal and Development* Director and Actor Prepare a Scene* Final Rehearsals and Planning Coverage* Checklist* Production* Developing a Crew* Mise en Scene Basics* Getting Ready to Shoot* Directing the Crew* Monitoring Progress* Checklist* Postproduction* Preparing to Edit* Editing the First Assembly* Editing from Rough Cut to Fine Cut* Editing: Finalization* Editing from Fine Cut to Sound Mix* Titles and Acknowledgments* Checklist* Career Track* Planning a Career* Major International Film/Video Schools* Breaking into the Industry* Checklist* Further Information* Glossary* Select Bibliography* Index
Intra-Industry Credit Contagion: Evidence from the Credit Default Swap and Stock Markets

This study examines the information transfer effect of credit events across the industry, as captured in the Credit Default Swaps (CDS) and stock markets. Positive correlations across CDS spreads imply dominant contagion effects, whereas negative correlations indicate competition effects. We find strong evidence of dominant contagion effects for Chapter 11 bankruptcies and competition effect for Chapter 7 bankruptcies. We also introduce a purely unanticipated event, which is a large jump in a company's CDS spread, and find that this leads to the strongest evidence of credit contagion across the industry. These results have important implications for the construction of portfolios with credit-sensitive instruments.
Vitamin requirements of elderly people: an update

This article is an update of our 1987 literature review of vitamin requirements of elderly people (Am J Clin Nutr 1987;45:501-12). Poor dietary intake is the cause of much vitamin malnutrition in elderly people. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence that aging affects the requirement for certain vitamins. The 1989 recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) appear to be too low for elderly people for vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12, and too high for vitamin A. For several vitamins there is enough information to establish an RDA for the category > or = 70 y.
Approximate decoupling of a condition for voltage collapse

An index for voltage collapse in a power system model with a general dynamic load is roughly approximated and simplified using the standard P- delta , Q-V decoupling. The simplified index measures the closeness to bifurcation of the load reactive power balance equations. It is shown that if the reduction to an approximate index describing the bifurcation of the load reactive power balance equations is still possible, then this would demonstrate analytically the importance of load reactive power balance in voltage collapse. >
A virtual reality system for knee diagnosis and surgery simulation

This paper describes the design and development of a VR system that can assist orthopedic diagnosis and surgery. A realistic 3D knee surface model, integrated with motion analysis, is used to visualize the geometrical and biomechanical characteristics of human knee joint. The system can be used to perform pre-operative surgery simulation and evaluation in a VR environment.
Direct nose–brain transport of benzoylecgonine following intranasal administration in rats

In our previous research, cocaine applied intranasally in rats diffused or was transported directly from the nasal cavity to the brain. However, the direct nose-brain cocaine transport only contributes to an initial increase in the relative cocaine brain exposure. In this study, we have determined the nose-brain transport of a polar metabolite of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, to help understand factors affecting drug transport via this novel pathway. The nasal cavity of male Sprague-Dawley rats was isolated to prevent drainage of nasally applied dosing solution to non-nasal regions. Benzoylecgonine was then administered, either by intranasal administration or by intravenous (iv) injection. At different times postdose, blood and tissues from different regions of the brain were collected from groups of rats (n = 4 for each collection time) and benzoylecgonine concentrations in these samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Benzoylecgonine concentrations in plasma were at maximal levels immediately after iv dosing and declined as a function of time. Following intranasal administration, benzoylecgonine concentrations in plasma reached maximal levels between 15 and 30 min after dosing and declined as a function of time. To allow comparison of brain benzoylecgonine content after iv and intranasal administration, brain benzoylecgonine contents were normalized by plasma benzoylecgonine concentrations. The ratios of the area under the benzoylecgonine concentration-time curve (AUC) between the olfactory bulb and plasma following intranasal administration were 10-100 times higher than those obtained after iv dosing. The olfactory tract-to-plasma benzoylecgonine AUC ratios after intranasal administration were significantly higher than those after iv dosing up to 120 min following dosing. The brain tissue-to-plasma AUC ratios in cerebellum, brain stem, and cerebral cortex after intranasal administration were significantly higher than the corresponding ratios after iv administration up to 30 min following dosing. We conclude than nasally administered benzoylecgonine was transported directly from the nasal cavity to the brain and that the significant increase in brain levels was sustained for a prolonged period of time. Factors contributing to the observed differences in the nose-brain transport of cocaine and benzoylecgonine are discussed.
A role for capital markets in natural disasters: a piece of the food security puzzle.

Abstract Natural disaster can create significant shocks in food supplies for small country-states. These events are very disruptive to the development process. Market-based means for managing natural disaster risk are emerging. For example, despite the failure of government-subsidized crop insurance around the world, it is now possible to create index-based contracts that would trigger when events that create serious crop failure problems occur. This paper investigates the logic for such contracts and some basic designs using measures of rainfall.
Spectroscopic study on sputtered PEDOT · PSS: Role of surface PSS layer

Abstract The structure of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT · PSS) consists of an insulating PSS layer surrounding doped PEDOT grains. In this study, X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) are used to investigate the composition and electronic structure of as-loaded and lightly sputtered PEDOT · PSS films. The sputtered film shows a significant increase in the PEDOT/PSS ratio (from 0.12 to 0.7) as well as a build-up of the density of filled states close to the Fermi level, consistent with the removal of the insulating PSS layer and the uncovering of the highly doped conducting PEDOT · PSS. The thickness of PSS layer is estimated at 35 ± 5 A. The elimination of the PSS shell reduces PEDOT · PSS work function to a value equal to that of highly doped PEDOT. The effect of the PSS removal on the charge injection barrier at the interface with the hole-transport material N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (α-NPD) is also investigated. The increase in interface dipole and hole-injection barrier suggests a stronger interaction between the two materials, and points out the key role of the PSS layer in making PEDOT · PSS an effective hole-injection material.
Identification of Statistically Significant Differences Between Standard Scores on the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests

The author contends that erroneous conclusions regarding relative strengths and weaknesses may result from comparing scores on the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests. Occasionally, differences in test scores seem to indicated that a student performs much better in one reading area than in another when, in reality, the differences may not be statistically significant. The author presents a table in which statistically significant differences between Woodcock test standard scores are identified. Use of the table enables the clinician to more precisely determine intra-individual strengths and weaknesses.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of morphology and temperature effects on adsorption of organic vapors in single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Hexane adsorption on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles is studied by both simulation and experimentally using a previously developed computer-aided methodology, which employed a smaller physisorbed probe molecule, nitrogen, to explore the porosity of nanotube samples. Configurational-bias grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation of hexane adsorption on localized sites of the bundles is carried out to predict adsorption on their external surface and in their internal sites. These localized isotherms are then combined into a global isotherm for a given sample by using knowledge of its tube-diameter distribution and structural parameters, such as the fraction of open-ended nanotubes and the external surface area of bundles in samples, which have been independently determined from the standard nitrogen adsorption isotherm. The near-perfect replication of experimental isotherms demonstrates the validity of our method for structural characterization of SWNT samples. The effect of temperature on adsorpt...
A criterion for the confluence of two seams of conical intersection in triatomic molecules

It is shown that the cross product tIJ(Rx)≡gIJ(Rx)×hIJ(Rx), where gτIJ(R)=(cI(Rx)−cJ\(\)(cI(Rx)+cJ(Rx)), hτIJ(R)=cI (Rx)†\(\)cJ(Rx), τ is an internal nuclear coordinate, the cI(R) satisfy [H(R)−EI(R)]cI(R)=0 and H(R) is the electronic Hamiltonian matrix, is a unique property of a conical intersection at Rx. tIJ(Rx)=0 when Rx is located at the intersection of two (or more) seams of conical intersection. This criterion for an intersection of two seams of conical intersection has important implications for algorithms that seek to locate such points. Here it␣is␣used to analyze the trifurcation of a generic C2v2S+1A−2S+1B seam of conical intersection, analogous to those recently found in AlH2 and CH2.