cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Routine Angiographic Follow-Up After Coronary Artery Disease Revascularization: Is Seeing Believing?

Coronary artery disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the world, and PCI and CABG account for over a million procedures performed annually in the USA. The goal of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is to achieve complete revascularization (CR) if at all possible. However, restenosis and stent thrombosis (ST) remain the Achilles heel of contemporary PCI with restenosis rates between 10 and 30% with bare metal stents to 5–15% after drug-eluting stents and ST rates of around 0.8 vs 1.2%, respectively. Routine angiography after revascularization seems theoretically attractive as this may allow intervention before clinical events occur. In this manuscript, we review the literature regarding routine angiography after PCI or CABG and its outcomes. According to the 2016 update from the American Heart Association (AHA), 15.5 million people above the age of 20 have coronary heart disease (CHD) in the USA. The prevalence of CHD is now almost similar in both men and women, and one American suffers from a myocardial infarction (MI) every 42 s. Recent data from randomized clinical trials and observational studies does not support the use of routine coronary angiography after revascularization in asymptomatic patients. There are some studies which show that routine angiography may have a role in left main or complex coronary interventions; however, these findings are exploratory and were not seen in randomized trials. After reviewing the data on routine angiography after coronary revascularization, we came to the conclusion that current data does not support the use of routine angiography for asymptomatic patients. However, there is a lack of randomized controlled trial in this field with only one recent trial reporting negative outcomes.
The Major Orphan Forms of Ichthyosis Are Characterized by Systemic T-Cell Activation and Th-17/Tc-17/Th-22/Tc-22 Polarization in Blood.

The ichthyoses are rare skin disorders with immune and barrier aberrations. Identifying blood phenotypes may advance targeted therapeutics. We aimed to compare frequencies of skin homing/cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (+) versus systemic/cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (–) "polar" CD4 + /CD8 + and activated T-cell subsets in ichthyosis versus atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and control blood, with appropriate clinical correlations. Flow cytometry was used to measure IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-9, IL-17, and IL-22 cytokines in CD4 + /CD8 + T cells, with inducible co-stimulator molecule and HLA-DR defining mid- and long-term T-cell activation, respectively. We compared peripheral blood from 47 patients with ichthyosis (congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma, lamellar ichthyosis, epidermolytic ichthyosis, and Netherton syndrome) with 43 patients with atopic dermatitis and 24 patients with psoriasis and 59 age-matched controls. Clinical measures included the ichthyosis severity score, with subsets for erythema and scaling, transepidermal water loss, and pruritus. All ichthyoses had excessive inducible co-stimulator molecule activation ( P P P P P P > 0.1) versus controls were also noted. IL-17/IL-22-producing cells clustered with clinical measures, whereas IFN-γ clustered with age. Our data show peripheral blood IL-17/IL-22 activation across the ichthyoses, correlating with clinical measures. Targeted therapies should dissect the relative contribution of polar cytokines to disease pathogenesis.
An Analysis of Sports Teams’ "Indian" Mascots: Implications for Native Americans

This article uses multiple methods to direct attention to lived experiences, empirical research, and historical accounts of ‘real’ and detrimental consequences of omnipresent, stereotypical Indian ...
Stereotactic ablative body radiation (SABR) and postoperative radiation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Carcinomas of the lung originate from the pulmonary parenchyma or the tracheobronchial tree. The latter consists of the trachea, which subdivides into the main bronchi and lobar bronchi bilaterally.
Feminist Theoretical Perspectives on the Archaeology of Poverty: Gendering Institutional Lifeways in the Northeastern United States from the Eighteenth Century through the Nineteenth Century

A multifaceted feminist theoretical framework provides insights into relationships between patriarchal Western gender ideology and the materialization of ideology and methods for addressing poverty in institutions in the northeastern United States. This research found that institutions for the poor were instrumental in reinforcing social structures of gender inequality. The author’s feminist framework of a heterarchy of powers leads to an analysis of institutional male supervisory powers, used to enforce inmate performance of work rituals that inscribed their bodies with normative insignia of gender. The framework also reveals evidence of muted voices of inmates and their gendered social agency in resisting incarceration. Finally, some archaeological and documentary evidence indicated ways that supervisors used “powers with” inmates. Excavations provided data not available in documents concerning the extent to which ideal practices for reforming inmates were followed, as well as undocumented foodstuffs and medicines, both usually served by women.
Amyloid β perturbs elevated heme flux induced with neuronal development.

Abstract Introduction Heme is a central molecule in mitochondrial respiration and ATP generation in neuronal cells. Thus, we assessed the importance of altered heme metabolism in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Methods To investigate the role of altered heme metabolism in AD, we identified heme-related proteins whose expression is altered in AD patients and mouse models exhibiting amyloid pathology. We detected the levels of proteins involved in heme synthesis, uptake, degradation, and function during neuronal differentiation and characterized the effects of Aβ. Results We found that the expression levels of the rate-limiting heme synthetic enzyme ALAS1 and heme degradation enzyme HO-2 are selectively decreased in AD patients and mice. Aβ selectively reduces the levels of HO-2 and heme degradation, which are elevated to support neuronal functions in fully differentiated neuronal cells. Discussion Our data show that lowered heme metabolism, particularly the decreased levels of heme degradation and HO-2, is likely a very early event in AD pathogenesis.
US Leadership in Scholarship and Higher Education – the Implications for Hospitality Management Educators

Research activities were always the primary focus and time allocation factor for scholars to achieve their scholarship credentials and tenure promotions (Glassick, Huber, & Maeroff, 1997; Rice, 1996). Teaching and extended service are also essential activities for students and communities and must be advocated as one of the scholarship standards for educators to follow and emulate. While the general public focuses more on undergraduate education, educators should spend more time on their teaching and applied scholarship instead of paying most attention to research activities (Glassick, Huber, & Maeroff, 1997). Collaboration between senior and junior faculty members has been the major problem in scholarship assessment and accomplishment. Junior and senior faculty members tend to have different perspectives and interests in their scholarship goals. Disparity of goals often creates tension and conflict as to what scholarly work should be. One of the driving priorities attracting graduate students to an academic career is autonomy. However, the notion of professional autonomy has been passed too far and misappropriated. Therefore, developing a collaborative organization will require reassessing the relationship between autonomy and responsibility in the faculty career (Glassick, Huber, & Maeroff, 1997; Rice, 1996). Because the educational goal of leadership development has been given little attention in higher education, the findings of this study are to reveal some characteristics and qualities of contemporary hospitality scholarship leaders (Kellogg Foundation, 2000). The findings will provide significant implications to hospitality faculty members regarding the scholarship trends that can lead them to be successful in their future scholarly careers. The views presented in this paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the University.
Interactions among Locus of Control, Environmental Attitudes and Pro-Environmental Behaviour in China

Promoting environmentally conscious behaviour requires an understanding of the complex cognitive mechanisms by which people decide to act environmentally. Research suggests that locus of control (LOC), or the extent to which a person feels his or her own actions can produce broader change, is an important predictor of environmental behaviour; however, little is known about how LOC interacts with other cognitive motivators. This study uses a nationwide survey from China to test whether LOC moderates the effect of environmental attitudes on behaviour. Respondents with external LOC (i.e., those who believe personal actions cannot produce change) reported lower pro-environmental behaviour than those with internal LOC (i.e., those who believe personal actions can produce change). In addition, the influence of environmental attitudes on pro-environmental behaviour was stronger among respondents with external LOC than those with internal LOC. These results support efforts to promote conservation in China by promoting internal LOC and add a novel suggestion that attitude-based messaging is more efficacious among audiences with external LOC.
Rock and rolls: Exploring body positivity at Girls Rock Camp

ABSTRACTSize scholars routinely discuss the negative effects of fat stigma within youth culture. For example, fat kids are more likely to be bullied than their thinner peers, increasing their risk ...
Controlling the AP Controller: Controller Performance Assessment and Modification.

Background:Despite recent advances in closed-loop control of blood glucose concentration (BGC) in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D), online performance assessment and modification of artificial pan...
Free Exercise's Outer Boundary: The Case of Hasidic Education

The First Amendment is currently being pulled in opposite directions by a group of Hasidic schools in New York. Driven by deeply held religious beliefs, the leaders of these schools refuse to teach virtually any of the secular studies required for children by New York state law. Proponents of these schools point to the Free Exercise Clause and the “hybrid rights” of religion and parental control. However the state also has an interest in ensuring that its students are adequately educated. This Piece provides a roadmap for how these competing interests should be balanced. The legal aspects of Hasidic education have never been studied, and the issues involved provide a unique opportunity to revisit and test the hybrid-rights doctrine developed by Justice Scalia in Employment Division v. Smith. The subject of Hasidic schooling is important in its own right but has far-reaching implications for other, similarly situated, religious communities.
Few-Shot Hyperspectral Image Classification Through Multitask Transfer Learning

Despite a plethora of works on Hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, all state-of-the-art approaches need to train the classifier in a supervised fashion which requires a large amount of hand-crafted ground truth labels. In addition, the trained classifier may not work on another domain due to different acquisition conditions. Thus, how to preserve the classification accuracy in different domains remains a challenging issue. In this paper, we propose a few-shot HSI classification method to address the above challenges through Dirichlet-net based on multitask transfer learning. The essential contribution of this work is the realization of the transfer learning scheme that can extract shared intrinsic representations from the same type of objects in different domains; so that given a few samples, the classifier trained in the source domain can be directly applied to the target domain without having to collect more ground truth labels from the target domain. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method as compared to the state-of-the-art. The success of this endeavor would largely facilitate the deployment of HSI classification for real-world sensing scenarios.
Computing P-values for peptide identifications in mass spectrometry

Mass-spectrometry (MS) is a powerful experimental technology for"sequencing" proteins in complex biological mixtures. Computational methodsare essential for the interpretation of MS data, and a number of theoretical questionsremain unresolved due to intrinsic complexity of the related algorithms.Here we design an analytical approach to estimate the confidence values of peptideidentification in so-called database search methods. The approach exploresproperties of mass tags -- sequences of mass values (m1 m2...mn), where individualmass values are distances between spectral lines. We define p-function -- the probability of finding a random match between any given tag and a proteindatabase -- and verify the concept with extensive tag search experiments.We then discuss p-function properties, its applications for finding highly reliablematches in MS experiments, and a possibility to analytically evaluateproperties of SEQUEST X-correlation function.
Latest Advances in the Laparoscopic Treatment of Uterine Fibroids.

Introduction Fibroids are highly prevalent among reproductive-aged women and have a significant impact on their wellbeing. Myomectomy is a fertility-sparing option for these patients. Materials and methods This paper is a comprehensive, evidence-based and updated review of literature regarding myomectomy techniques. Results This paper provides general recommendations for myomectomy techniques, including patient selection and surgical planning. Strategies to overcome intraoperative challenges and prevent blood loss are highlighted. In addition, recommendations are provided for tissue extraction and laparoscopic suturing. Conclusion Myomectomy is a safe and feasible alternative to hysterectomy for patients who wish to bear children.
Mood and personal information management: how we feel influences how we organize our information

Two studies explore whether people’s digital filing behaviors are affected by emotional factors when engaging in personal information management (PIM). Cognitive science research shows that people’s information categorization behaviors are mood-dependent, so that positive moods induce larger, more inclusive organizational categories, whereas negative moods elicit more fine-grained organization. However, such mood-dependent organization has not been directly studied in the context of PIM. Our first, naturalistic study examines relations between people’s overall filing habits and a personality trait, neuroticism, which is commonly associated with negative mood. Our results reveal the expected mood-dependency effects; participants who report more prevalent negative mood patterns when surveyed, also create different organizational structures. Overall, they make more folders that contain fewer files and store these in deeper folder structures. The second, experimental study directly manipulated mood and examined how this affects organization of a controlled file collection. Again as predicted, participants experiencing negative moods created significantly more folders containing fewer files, and there was a trending effect of negative mood on folder depth. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for PIM arising from these novel results.
Achievable Capacity of Multipolarization MIMO With the Practical Polarization-Agile Antennas

In recent years, the polarization domain has attracted significant attention for the 4th and 5th generation (4G/5G) wireless communications owing to its benefit in channel capacity, symbol/bit error rate, and energy efficiency. One driving technology to fully utilize the polarization domain is the polarization-agile antennas that allow flexible reconfiguration of the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) polarization. The current state-of-the-art polarization-agile antennas can take several discrete polarization angles. This article proposes and analyzed a practical scheme to determine feasible optimal Tx and Rx polarization among the limited number of polarization angles to converge to theoretical channel capacity supported by the discrete polarization-agile antennas with single-RF front-end systems. Both the theoretical and simulation-based analyses for the capacity outage caused by adopting practical discrete polarization-agile antennas are provided in this article to complement communication system design in balancing channel capacity maximization and hardware cost. Comprehensive simulation results demonstrate that the multipolarization multi-input multi-output communication system toward the late revisions of 5G and beyond-5G, so called, 6G wireless communications can successfully reach the theoretically achievable channel capacity with the practical discrete polarization-agile antennas.
Contacting domains segregate a lipid transporter from a solute transporter in the malarial host-parasite interface.

The malaria parasite interfaces with its host erythrocyte (RBC) using a unique organelle, the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). The mechanism(s) are obscure by which its limiting membrane, the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM), collaborates with the parasite plasma membrane (PPM) to support the transport of proteins, lipids, nutrients, and metabolites between the cytoplasm of the parasite and the cytoplasm of the RBC. Here, we demonstrate that the PV has structure characterized by micrometer-sized regions of especially close apposition between the PVM and the PPM. To determine if these contact sites are involved in any sort of transport, we localize the PVM nutrient-permeable and protein export channel EXP2, as well as the PPM lipid transporter PfNCR1. We find that EXP2 is excluded from, but PfNCR1 is included within these regions of close apposition. We conclude that the host-parasite interface is structured to segregate those transporters of hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates. While membrane contact sites between intracellular organelles are abundant, little is known about the contacts between membranes that delimit extracellular junctions within cells, such as intracellular parasites. Here authors demonstrate the segregation of a lipid transporter from a solute transporter in the malarial host-parasite interface.
SARS-CoV-2 proteins and anti-COVID-19 drugs induce lytic reactivation of an oncogenic virus

An outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease, has infected over 34,000,000 people since the end of 2019, killed over 1,000,000, and caused worldwide social and economic disruption. Due to the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection to host cells and its pathogenesis remain largely unclear, there are currently no antiviral drugs with proven efficacy nor are there vaccines for its prevention. Besides severe respiratory and systematic symptoms, several comorbidities may also increase risk of fatal disease outcome. Therefore, it is required to investigate the impacts of COVID-19 on pre-existing diseases of patients, such as cancer and other infectious diseases. In the current study, we have reported that SARS-CoV-2 encoded proteins and some anti-COVID-19 drugs currently used are able to induce lytic reactivation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), one of major human oncogenic viruses through manipulation of intracellular signaling pathways. Our data indicate that those KSHV+ patients especially in endemic areas exposure to COVID-19 or undergoing the treatment may have increased risks to develop virus-associated cancers, even after they have fully recovered from COVID-19.
True ultra-low-dose amyloid PET/MRI enhanced with deep learning for clinical interpretation

While sampled or short-frame realizations have shown the potential power of deep learning to reduce radiation dose for PET images, evidence in true injected ultra-low-dose cases is lacking. Therefore, we evaluated deep learning enhancement using a significantly reduced injected radiotracer protocol for amyloid PET/MRI. Eighteen participants underwent two separate 18F-florbetaben PET/MRI studies in which an ultra-low-dose (6.64 ± 3.57 MBq, 2.2 ± 1.3% of standard) or a standard-dose (300 ± 14 MBq) was injected. The PET counts from the standard-dose list-mode data were also undersampled to approximate an ultra-low-dose session. A pre-trained convolutional neural network was fine-tuned using MR images and either the injected or sampled ultra-low-dose PET as inputs. Image quality of the enhanced images was evaluated using three metrics (peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity, and root mean square error), as well as the coefficient of variation (CV) for regional standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs). Mean cerebral uptake was correlated across image types to assess the validity of the sampled realizations. To judge clinical performance, four trained readers scored image quality on a five-point scale (using 15% non-inferiority limits for proportion of studies rated 3 or better) and classified cases into amyloid-positive and negative studies. The deep learning–enhanced PET images showed marked improvement on all quality metrics compared with the low-dose images as well as having generally similar regional CVs as the standard-dose. All enhanced images were non-inferior to their standard-dose counterparts. Accuracy for amyloid status was high (97.2% and 91.7% for images enhanced from injected and sampled ultra-low-dose data, respectively) which was similar to intra-reader reproducibility of standard-dose images (98.6%). Deep learning methods can synthesize diagnostic-quality PET images from ultra-low injected dose simultaneous PET/MRI data, demonstrating the general validity of sampled realizations and the potential to reduce dose significantly for amyloid imaging.
The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Hospital Staff.

INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created a mental health crisis among hospital staff who have been mentally and physically exhausted by uncertainty and unexpected stressors. However, the mental health challenges and complexities faced by hospital staff in the United States has not been fully elucidated. To address this gap, we conducted this study to examine the prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among hospital staff in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The design is a single-center, cross-sectional, online survey evaluating depression and anxiety among all hospital employees (n = 3,500) at a safety-net hospital with a moderate cumulative COVID-19 hospitalization rate between April 30-May 22, 2020. We assessed depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Anxiety was measured with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale. Logistic regression analyses were calculated to identify associations with depression and anxiety. RESULTS: Of 3,500 hospital employees, 1,246 (36%) responded to the survey. We included 1,232 individuals in the final analysis. Overall, psychological distress was common among the respondents: 21% and 33% of staff reported significant depression and anxiety, respectively, while 46% experienced overwhelming stress due to COVID-19. Notably, staff members overwhelmed by the stress of COVID-19 were seven and nine times more likely to suffer from depression and anxiety, respectively. In addition to stress, individuals with six to nine years of work experience were two times more likely to report moderate or severe depression compared to those with 10 or more years of work experience. Moreover, ancillary staff with direct patient contact (odds ratio [OR] 8.9, confidence interval (CI), 1.46, 173.03) as well as administrative and ancillary staff with indirect patient contact (OR 5.9, CI, 1.06, 111.01) were more likely to be depressed than physicians and advanced providers. CONCLUSION: We found that a considerable proportion of staff were suffering from psychological distress. COVID-19-associated depression and anxiety was widespread among hospital staff even in settings with comparatively lower COVID-19 hospitalization rates. Ancillary staff, administrative staff, staff with less job experience, and staff overwhelmed by the stress of COVID-19 are particularly susceptible to negative mental health outcomes. These findings will help inform hospital policymakers on best practices to develop interventions to reduce the mental health burden associated with COVID-19 in vulnerable hospital staff.
Improved Smoking Cessation Rates in a Pharmacist-Led Program Embedded in an Inflammatory Bowel Disease Specialty Medical Home.

Background:Cigarette smoking is associated with disease progression, poor outcomes, and increased biologic use in Crohn’s Disease (CD). In this prospective study, we describe the structure and resu...
Comparison of sedation quality and safety of detomidine and romifidine as a continuous rate infusion for standing elective laparoscopic ovariectomy in mares.

OBJECTIVE To compare efficacy and safety of a continuous rate infusion of detomidine hydrochloride and romifidine hydrochloride for standing elective bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy in mares. STUDY DESIGN Blinded, randomized prospective clinical study. ANIMALS Eighteen healthy mares presenting for elective bilateral ovariectomy METHODS: Mares were randomly assigned to one of two sedation protocols. Prior to surgery, baseline head height, heart rate, respiratory rate, and postural sway were recorded. An IV loading dose of α2-agonist (46 μg/kg romifidine or 13.9 μg/kg detomidine) was administered. Standing sedation was maintained with a continuous rate infusion of the respective α2-agonist (126 μg/kg/h romifidine or 37.8 μg/kg/h detomidine). Intraoperative measurements included respiratory rate, heart rate, head height, postural sway, and response to surgical stimulus. Postoperatively, fecal output was recorded, and pain scoring was performed using composite pain score and visual analog scales. RESULTS Three of 18 horses required additional α-2 agonists: one detomidine and two romifidine and butorphanol. Head height during surgery was lower (p < .001) in mares receiving detomidine. Postural sway around the vertical axis was greater in mares sedated with detomidine rather than romifidine (p = .013). No differences were detected in intraoperative heart rate, postoperative pain scores or postoperative fecal output between sedation techniques. CONCLUSION Comparable scores for surgical stimulation and sedation were measured in both sedation groups. No differences in postoperative analgesia or manure production were identified. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Romifidine appears suitable as an alternative to detomidine and may limit ataxia and head drop in sedated horses.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for quinolinic acid production by assembling L-aspartate oxidase and quinolinate synthase as an enzyme complex.

Abstract Quinolinic acid (QA) is a key intermediate of nicotinic acid (Niacin) which is an essential human nutrient and widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, a quinolinic acid producer was constructed by employing comprehensive engineering strategies. Firstly, the quinolinic acid production was improved by deactivation of NadC (to block the consumption pathway), NadR (to eliminate the repression of L-aspartate oxidase and quinolinate synthase), and PtsG (to slow the glucose utilization rate and achieve a more balanced metabolism, and also to increase the availability of the precursor phosphoenolpyruvate). Further modifications to enhance quinolinic acid production were investigated by increasing the oxaloacetate pool through overproduction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and deactivation of acetate-producing pathway enzymes. Moreover, quinolinic acid production was accelerated by assembling NadB and NadA as an enzyme complex with the help of peptide-peptide interaction peptides RIAD and RIDD, which resulted in up to 3.7 g/L quinolinic acid being produced from 40 g/L glucose in shake-flask cultures. A quinolinic acid producer was constructed in this study, and these results lay a foundation for further engineering of microbial cell factories to efficiently produce quinolinic acid and subsequently convert this product to nicotinic acid for industrial applications.
Imaging the PM/AICD patient; is it evolving into a routine procedure? An evolutionary report of our first 100 patients

Background Pacemaker/AICD use may no longer be prohibitive in the MRI environment. Seminal work by us and others has pointed towards increasing safety and specifically, the marked additive clinical value. Historically, on only extraordinarily high-risk patients with acute diagnoses were imaged. However, over time, we began to note an interesting trend as our understanding, science and comfort level admixed with zero-event rate almost imperceptibly causes us to ‘relax’ the mandate for acuity. We wondered, “Has imaging a patient with a pacemaker that was once considered a last resort procedure started to evolve into a routine study? What have we learned from performing these procedures?
LiDAR based prediction of forest biomass using hierarchical models with spatially varying coefficients

Many studies and production inventory systems have shown the utility of coupling covariates derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data with forest variables measured on georeferenced inventory plots through regression models. The objective of this study was to propose and assess the use of a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework that accommodates both residual spatial dependence and non-stationarity of model covariates through the introduction of spatial random effects. We explored this objective using four forest inventory datasets that are part of the North American Carbon Program, each comprising point-referenced measures of above-ground forest biomass and discrete LiDAR. For each dataset, we considered at least five regression model specifications of varying complexity. Models were assessed based on goodness of fit criteria and predictive performance using a 10-fold cross-validation procedure. Results showed that the addition of spatial random effects to the regression model intercept improved fit and predictive performance in the presence of substantial residual spatial dependence. Additionally, in some cases, allowing either some or all regression slope parameters to vary spatially, via the addition of spatial random effects, further improved model fit and predictive performance. In other instances, models showed improved fit but decreased predictive performance—indicating over-fitting and underscoring the need for cross-validation to assess predictive ability. The proposed Bayesian modeling framework provided access to pixel-level posterior predictive distributions that were useful for uncertainty mapping, diagnosing spatial extrapolation issues, revealing missing model covariates, and discovering locally significant parameters.
Histidine Regulation in Salmonella typhimurium: X. KINETIC STUDIES OF MUTANT HISTIDYL TRANSFER RIBONUCLEIC ACID SYNTHETASES

Abstract The histidyl-tRNA synthetase has been partially purified from five hisS mutants of Salmonella typhimurium and the kinetic constants compared to those previously obtained with the wild type enzyme. The mutants were selected on the basis of being derepressed for the histidine operon. Some of the mutant enzymes have markedly decreased affinities for histidine (one has a 36-fold decrease in affinity) and this has been correlated with the physiological behavior of the mutants. One of the mutant enzymes, that of hisS1587, has a markedly increased affinity for histidine and ATP and a 7-fold decreased affinity for tRNAhis. Another mutant enzyme, that of hisS2280, has normal affinities for histidine and for tRNAhis but a 5-fold decreased affinity for ATP. Analysis of the mutants has not helped to answer the question of whether the derepression of the histidine operon caused by altered synthetases is due solely to the decreased amount of aminoacylated tRNAhis in the cell, or whether the synthetase is also involved as a repressor in complex with charged tRNAhis.
Which government officials leak unauthorized information to the press in Washington

Every modern president of the United States has been bedeviled by unauthorized leaks of government information to the press. Who is responsible for such leaks? Presidents of the United States have accused civil servants of attempting to undermine them. However, journalists have suggested that the presidents' own political appointees leak more. Using interviews conducted in 2013 with both presidential political appointees and civil servants who worked in public affairs for the U.S. Treasury Department during the administrations of Presidents Barack Obama and George W. Bush, as well as interviews with reporters with whom the Treasury officials interacted frequently, this case study finds that political appointees and civil servants leak unauthorized information that does not serve the president's interests to the press with roughly the same frequency. The findings shed light on behavior that is typically shrouded in secrecy and call into question the effort by modern U.S. presidents to gain greater control of the federal government by hiring record numbers of political appointees. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards affect-integrated driving behaviour research

This paper aims to systematically explore the relationship between affect, cognition, and driving behaviours. Whereas some driving models partially address drivers' affective factors, the majority of them have focused on cognitive aspects. Thus, it would be helpful to construct an affect-integrated driving behaviour research model. First, I briefly assessed the current driving models and identified critical cognitive elements commonly found among those models. Next, the mechanisms of affective effects on those cognitive processes were described. Then, I showed the effects of affective states on driving performance. Finally, a conceptual model for affect-related driving behaviour research was proposed and followed by discussions from the theoretical and practical perspectives. This review helps researchers construct a more naturalistic and generic driving behaviour model, conceptualise affect detection research with a clearer idea of what affect needs to be detected and why, and develop an affect regulatio...
AN APPLICATION OF CONSTRUCTAL THEORY IN THE MULTI-OBJECTIVE DESIGN OF PRODUCT PLATFORMS

Designers develop product platforms when they wish to offer variety to the customer and simultaneously keep costs down to a reasonable level. It has been shown that it is feasible and useful to design hierarchic product platforms for customizable products as a problem of optimization of access in a geometric space, allowing the designer to thoroughly explore a product family’s market space. However, the presence of risk, uncertainty, and tradeoffs, which are inevitable aspects of a real-world design problem, are not considered in this method. We have addressed these limitations through the infusion of utility theory into the multi-stage decision-making process. The proposed approach is illustrated with an example: the design of a product platform for a line of customizable pressure vessels.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Changes in the cytopathic effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 associated with a single amino acid alteration in the ectodomain of the gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein.

Abstract A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutant with a single amino acid change (designated 596 W/M) in the ectodomain of the gp41 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein replicated in T-cell lines and in CD4-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells identically to the wild-type virus. However, the cytopathic effects associated with infection by the mutant virus were altered, with a marked attenuation of syncytium formation and a significant delay in single-cell lysis relative to those of the wild-type virus-infected culture. The 596 W/M mutant is apparently defective in a function that is dispensable for virus entry but that contributes to the efficiency of induction of viral cytopathic effects.
Airborne gravity over Lake Vostok and adjacent highlands of East Antarctica

Lake Vostok and a 1200 km transect were the targets of aerogeophysical surveys in East Antarctica during the austral summer of 2000/2001. The measurement of gravity anomalies for geologic studies was the primary goal. A total of 24,459 line-km of data were acquired. Favorable weather, aircraft navigation, and instrument performance contributed to excellent data quality. Multiple carrier-phase GPS solutions to determine aircraft-induced accelerations were available for each flight. Raw gravity and GPS position solutions were initially filtered to compensate for hardware filtering within the gravity meter. Filtering of remaining high-frequency noise was accomplished with a spatial, moving average smoother. Due to upward continuation effects imposed by the ice cover, the theoretically estimated minimum resolvable gravity feature size for the Lake Vostok survey is 8 km, consistent with an analysis of power spectra comparing the gravity signal to noise calculated from geographically repeated lines. Comparison of gravity results with subice topography indicates that the gravity data are sensitive to real features including the existence of major crustal structures. Repeated lines and crossovers were analyzed to estimate uncertainties for the Lake Vostok data set, with both of these repeatability measures indicating relative accuracy in the 2 mGal range for the unleveled data and 1 mGal after leveling.
Evaluating the effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone on leucine signaling in the skeletal muscle and liver of male rats (820.7)

Phytoecdysteroids such as 20HE are ingredients in various nutritional supplements marketed to enhance physical performance and lean body mass. Recent in vitro studies suggest 20HE may activate prot...
Locus of Control and Self-Esteem as Correlates of Role Orientation in Traditional and Nontraditional Women.

This research attempted to establish relationships between locus of control, self-esteem, and traditional-nontraditional behavior. It was hypothesized that (1) women tending toward internality and high self-esteem should be more likely to manifest nontraditional behaviors, as evidenced through career-oriented roles, and to rank these roles as their primary source of satisfaction; and (2) women tending toward externality and low self-esteem should be more likely to manifest traditional behavior, as evidenced through family-oriented roles, and to rank these roles as their primary source of satisfaction. The sample consisted of 91 White females in a southern metropolitan area. The data were collected using a survey design. As expected, high self-esteem internals were more likely to manifest nontraditional behavior. Contrary to expectation, low self-esteem externals were more nontraditional in role orientation.
On weighted procrustes and hyperplane fitting in factor analytic rotation

A weighted collinearity criterion for Procrustean rotation is developed, and it is shown that special cases with respect to the choice of weights and a vector norm are forms of hyperplane fitting, classical oblique Procrustes, etc.; a family of Procrustean transformation procedures is thereby generated. Numerical illustrations utilizing the Holzinger-Swineford data are presented.
Lumbar surgery for 56 limbus fractures emphasizing noncalcified type III lesions.

The clinical, radiologic, and surgical procedures performed for 56 out of 59 patients with Type I-IV fractures of the vertebral limbus were reviewed, stressing the diagnostic and operative management of noncalcified Type III (NC III) lesions. Forty-four calcified Type I-IV (CA I-IV) limbus fractures
Towards Secure Analog Designs: A Secure Sense Amplifier Using Memristors

In this work, we propose a key-based locking/unlocking mechanism for sense amplifiers, an integral part of many analog systems. We leverage process variations to make the circuit functional only when the correct key is entered. An incorrect key will result in a circuit breakdown, making it inaccessible to an attacker. To enable this secure functionality, we leverage emerging technology devices, specifically memristors. The proposed secure sense amplifier can be used in important analog applications such as memories and sensors. We develop properties to ensure the security of the sense amplifier. These properties are validated by simulations results at the 22 nm CMOS technology node and assuming HP memristor properties.
Communications: A Classification System for Histological Lesions

Abstract This paper presents a system for classifying and coding histological data from fish and selected invertebrate species. These codes can be readily entered into a computerized spreadsheet and subsequently imported into statistical software programs. Use of this system can reduce time spent taking notes at the microscope and facilitate data analysis.
Fucoidin inhibits attachment of guinea pig spermatozoa to the zona pellucida through binding to the inner acrosomal membrane and equatorial domains.

Abstract Our previous study has shown that fucoidin, an algal heteropolysaccharide, is a potent inhibitor of sperm-zona binding in the guinea pig, hamster and human. To visualize the surface site of fucoidin binding, a biotinated derivative (B-Fuc) of the native fucoidin was prepared. B-Fuc retained the inhibitory activity and was used in conjunction with FITC-avidin to localize its binding sites on guinea pig spermatozoa using fluorescence microscopy. In living acrosome-reacted spermatozoa, B-Fuc bound predominantly to the inner acrosomal membrane and equatorial segment domains. The binding was effectively competed by a 10-fold excess of native fucoidin, but not by a 10-fold excess of heparin or a 20-fold excess of biotinated normal rabbit serum IgG. B-Fuc binding patterns on dead spermatozoa were quite different from that of living spermatozoa. The post-acrosomal region, rather than the inner acrosomal membrane and equatorial domains, was intensely labeled. This indicates the importance of using living cells in assessing true surface binding sites whenever possible. We conclude that the inner acrosomal membrane and/or equatorial domains are critical for zona binding in the guinea pig.
Design of Sandwich Panels With Prismatic Cores

The paper focuses on optimization of lightweight sandwich panels with prismatic cores subject to bending loads in the two principal in-plane directions. Comparisons are made with optimal designs of panels with corrugated cores: a limiting case. When optimized for loading transverse to the prism axis, prismatic panels outperform those with corrugated cores, especially at lower loads. In contrast, when optimized for longitudinal loading, the corrugated core panel is always superior. Both panels exhibit significant anisotropy: a deficiency mediated by optimizing jointly for both orientations. The designs emerging from joint optimizations have only slightly lower load capacity than those optimized singly, but with the benefit of equal strengths in the two principal directions. Moreover, jointly optimized corrugated and prismatic panels perform equally well. Both are competitive with honeycomb core panels, especially at high load capacities. With the additional potential for multifunctionality (notably active cooling), the corrugated panels appear to be particularly promising thermostructural elements. DOI: 10.1115/1.2172279
An automated fuel element scanning system

This paper describes an automated fuel element scanning system, based upon gamma-ray spectroscopy, that has been developed at the Oak Ridge Research Reactor. The scanning system is located in the reactor pool and allows fuel elements to be scanned nondestructively at various intervals during their core life. Fuel elements are located 430 cm beneath the pool. Gamma-ray measurements (aided by a collimating assembly) are made using a GeLi detector positioned above the pool water. Measurements of137Cs count rates from relatively “cold” elements indicate that the counting data obtained using this apparatus is reproducible within 5%. Power distribution in the reactor's core (element by element) has been derived from140La counting data. The method of determining power is discussed briefly and some example results are presented.
Angiotensin II directly increases rabbit renal brush-border membrane sodium transport: presence of local signal transduction system.

In the present study, the authors have examined the direct actions of angiotensin II (AII) in rabbit renal brush border membrane (BBM) where binding sites for AII exist. Addition of AII (10(-11)-10(-7) M) was found to stimulate 22Na+ uptake by the isolated BBM vesicles directly. All did not affect the Na(+)-dependent BBM glucose uptake, and the effect of AII on BBM 22Na+ uptake was inhibited by amiloride, suggesting the involvement of Na+/H+ exchange mechanism. BBM proton permeability as assessed by acridine orange quenching was not affected by AII, indicating the direct effect of AII on Na+/H+ antiport system. In search of the signal transduction mechanism, it was found that AII activated BBM phospholipase A2 (PLA) and that BBM contains a 42-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein (G-protein) that underwent pertussis toxin (PTX)-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation. Addition of GTP potentiated, while GDP-beta S or PTX abolished, the effects of AII on BBM PLA and 22Na+ uptake, suggesting the involvement of G-protein in AII's actions. On the other hand, inhibition of PLA by mepacrine prevented AII's effect on BBM 22Na+ uptake, and activation of PLA by mellitin or addition of arachidonic acid similarly enhanced BBM 22Na+ uptake, suggesting the role of PLA activation in mediatingmore » AII's effect on BBM 22Na+ uptake. In summary, results of the present study show a direct stimulatory effect of AII on BBM Na+/H+ antiport system, and suggest the presence of a local signal transduction system involving G-protein mediated PLA activation.« less
A Spectrum Approach to Active Risk Budgeting

Many institutional investors use a barbell strategy to invest their large-cap equity portfolios. This strategy mixes passive managers (who have no tracking error) with traditional concentrated active managers (who usually have high tracking errors) to moderate the total portfolio9s active risk. The authors believe investors can achieve better results by including in the mix low-tracking error structured managers (also known as enhanced-index or benchmark-sensitive managers). They call this approach the spectrum strategy, because it allocates risk across the entire active risk spectrum. The historical analysis shows structured managers have generally achieved higher risk-adjusted returns (i.e., information ratios) than traditional managers. Their relative performance advantage is due to, first, structured managers9 focus on risk management (i.e., less noise in the information ratio9s denominator), and second, their relative freedom from the no-short constraint (i.e., the no-short constraint is less binding when managers target small active deviations). Perhaps surprisingly, given the expected information ratio advantage, allocations to structured managers should come primarily from the plan9s passive allocation rather than from traditional active managers.