cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Observations on the ultrastructure of oxyntic cells in alcohol-fed dogs.

The effect on gastric mucosa of chronic administration of ethanol in excessive amounts was studied electron microscopically in nutritionally replete dogs. Point volumetric analysis was performed on electron micrographs of a control group and an alcohol-fed group of dogs. The mean volume of oxyntic cells increased threefold. Mitochondria appeared damaged and their mean volume was nearly doubled. The mean number of mitochondria per cell remained unchanged in the alcohol-fed dogs. The vesicotubules of the secretory tubular apparatus assumed a predominantly flattened vesicular conflguration but increased in number approximately threefold. Zymogenic cells appeared unchanged. These alterations in electron microscopic morphology suggest that the oxyntic cell is quite susceptible to ethanol, and that the previously reported increase in maximal acid output results from mitochondrial hypertrophy and vesicotubular hyperplasia.
Stability of Steady Fronts with Uniform Potential Vorticity

Abstract The linear stability of steady frontal zones is considered using the primitive equations. The frontal zones chosen have uniform potential vorticity and form a sequence of “snapshots” of the deformation-induced front as it evolves toward frontal collapse. The stability for a given alongfront wavelength is determined by integrating a numerical model forward from an initial condition of the basic-state front plus white noise. Two classes of instabilities emerge. In one class, the modes are modified versions of familiar, synoptic-scale baroclinic waves. The other class consists of Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instabilities. These modes have wavelengths of order 1 km and exist only when the cross-frontal scale is of order 10 km or smaller. With e-folding times of a few minutes, the growth of KH waves may limit the cross-frontal scale of active, time-dependent frontal flows, although boundary layer processes are probably important, at least for surface fronts, before KH modes appear. No other instabilities ar...
Kernel Bundles, Syzygies of Points, and the Effective Cone of Cg−2

We obtain a complete description of the effective cone of C g−2 when C is a general curve of genus g ≥ 6, as well as a new bound in the case where C is a smooth plane quintic. In addition, we obtain a new virtual bound for the effective cone of C g−2m which is a genuine bound when m = 2, and we also characterize certain natural divisors on C g−2 as subordinate loci associated to adjunctions of kernel bundles.
Dose- and time-dependent oval cell reaction in acetaminophen-induced murine liver injury

We examined the response of murine oval cells, that is, the putative liver progenitor cells, to acetaminophen. Female C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with varying doses of N-acetyl-paraaminophen (APAP) (250, 500, 750, and 1,000 mg/kg of weight) and sacrificed at 3, 6, 9, 24, and 48 hours. In preliminary studies, we showed that anticytokeratin antibodies detected A6-positive cells with a sensitivity and specificity of greater than 99%. The oval cell reaction was quantified, on immunostaining for biliary-type cytokeratins, as both number and density of oval cells per portal tract, analyzed by size of portal tract. Acetaminophen injury was followed by periportal oval cell accumulation displaying a moderate degree of morphological homogeneity. Oval cell response was biphasic, not temporally correlating with the single wave of injury seen histologically. Increases in oval cells were largely confined to the smallest portal tracts, in keeping with their primary derivation from the canals of Hering, and increased in a dose-dependent fashion. The timing of the two peaks of the oval cell reaction also changed with increasing dose, the first becoming earlier and the second later. In conclusion, our studies indicate a marked oval cell activation during the height of hepatic injury. Oval cells appear to be resistant to acetaminophen injury. The close fidelity of mechanism and histology of acetaminophen injury between mouse and human livers makes it a useful model for investigating liver regeneration and the participation of stem/progenitor cells in that process.
Risk sharing with competition

Abstract This paper analyzes noncooperative models in which syndicates form endogenously. The analysis differs from that of R. Wilson (1968, Econometrica 36m 119–132) and M. Machina (1985, “The Behavior of Risk Sharers,” mimeo) because an entrepreneur may have to compete with other entrepreneurs to form a syndicate. The equilibrium is characterized when there are N entrepreneurs and a single investor. The comparative statics results of Wilson and Machina may not hold when other entrepreneurs are present. For example, an entrepreneur may not favor a first-order stochastic dominating shift of an investment's returns, because the shift makes the other entrepreneur more “competitive” and makes it more costly to form a syndicate. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number: 022.
Hypertrophic burn scar management: what does the evidence show? A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction Hypertrophic scars (HTS) are a source of morbidity for burn survivors and can present with a range of lifestyle-limiting problems. These include pruritus, pain, burning, stiffness, and contractures. Many solutions have been developed, but few have been studied in the form of a prospective, randomized control trial (RCT). Given the importance these RCTs carry in shaping the treatment of burn patients, we sought to systematically and critically review this portion of the burn literature. Methods PubMed was used to perform 2 separate searches with limits that included Humans, English, and Randomized Controlled Trial. A keyword search using "hypertrophic," "Scar," "burn," and "treatment" was cross-referenced with a MeSH subject-heading search using "Cicatrix, Hypertrophic" AND "Burn." Studies were then reviewed and excluded if they did not address management of burn HTS in the non-acute setting. Results Two literature searches resulted in a total of 32 articles. Twelve articles were excluded because they were not relevant to the topic (n = 10) or could not be obtained (n = 2). The remaining 20 articles contained 882 patients treated for hypertrophic scars. Breakdown based on topics included laser therapy (58 patients, 2 articles), silicone gel (204 patients, 7 articles), compression garment (236 patients, 4 articles), silicone + pressure (226 patients, 3 articles), topical emollients (58 patients, 2 articles), systemic therapy (62 patients, 1 article), intralesional therapy (18 patients, 1 article), and surgical treatment (20 patients, 1 article). While some articles had favorable conclusions (laser, emollients, surgical, and intralesional therapy) or unfavorable conclusions (systemic therapy), there were conflicting results on silicone and/or compression. Conclusions Despite hypertrophic scars being a common occurrence in burn survivors, both the number of studies and consensus for treatment are limited. Efforts to perform larger, adequately powered RCTs are needed, specifically in the areas of silicone, compression garments, and combination therapy.
Corrosion of steel by carbonate-bicarbonate solution for CO2 capture

Hot alkaline solutions, such as potassium/sodium carbonate solutions, have been used for carbon dioxide removal and capture processes. This survey summarizes the available corrosion data of steels in the solution with carbon dioxide dissolved. Plant operating experiences and laboratory testing results are considered. The corrosion mechanisms, important factors, inhibitor effects, and corrosion cracking are analyzed.
Characteristics of 12th-grade students seriously deficient in spatial ability

Abstract When spatial ability was regressed on a measure of general intelligence in a large national sample of 12th-graders, there was a distinct downturn in the regression line at about -2 SD units. A bimodal distribution of spatial ability was found among these low scoring students, suggesting 2 qualitatively different types of individuals. Relative to students of expected spatial ability, those below expected in spatial ability were high on verbal skills and low on performance skills. Students unexpectedly low in spatial ability performed relatively well on cognitive tests that required answering unambiguous questions by retrieving information directly from long term memory, whereas they performed relatively poorly on tests requiring inference and perception of relations among novel stimuli. Students unexpectedly low in spatial ability performed especially poorly at tests involving visual-spatial perception skills. Results were similar for both sexes. The relatively poor performance of those unexpectedly low in spatial ability does not appear to be related to health problems, personality, interest differences, or biographical data. An organic impairment possibly related to lateralization represents a reasonable causal hypothesis for these data.
A Difference in Expressive Power Between Flowcharts and Recursion Schemes

We show the existence of a single interpretation for which no flowchart produces the same results as a particular recursion scheme.
A new class of calcium channels activated by glucose in human pancreatic β-cells

Single calcium-channel currents were recorded from membrane patches of cultured β-cells dissociated from human islets of Langerhans. In the absence of exogenous glucose, low frequency spontaneous calcium-channel openings of small amplitude (−0.34 ± 0.02 pA at 0 m V pipet potential) were observed in all membrane patches examined (25 mM Ca2+ in the patch pipet). The frequency of channel openings was rather insensitive to the membrane potential across the patch (range from ca 0 to 60 m V pipet potential; chord conductance 4.9 ± 0.2 pS). Addition of glucose induced a dose-dependent increase in the frequency of openings of the Ca2+-channel (from now on referred to as the CaG-channel). A few minutes after the addition of glucose (⩾ 11 mM), bursts of action potentials were often observed which were elicited only if Ca2+ was present in the solution bathing the β-cells. Application of glucose in the presence of mannoheptulose (11 mM), a blocker of the hexokinase controlling the first stage of glycolysis, had no effect and the activity of the CaG-channel remained at its resting level. The readily permeant mitochondrial substrate 2-ketoisocaproate (KIC, 10 mM) was as effective as glucose in eliciting action potentials from cells forming part of cell aggregates. The activity of the CaG-channel was significantly increased by KIC (11 mM). Although spike and Ca2+-channel activity were markedly stimulated by glucose or KIC in all cells examined, regular bursts of action potentials were seen only if the patch was formed on β-cells which were part of a cell aggregate. Mannoheptulose (11 mM) prevented the activation of the CaG-channel by glucose (11 mM) but not by KIC (11 mM). Once activated, the CaG-channel remained active even after excision of the patch. We propose that the physiological control of this Ca2+-channel is mediated by one or more products of glucose metabolism.
Incidence of and risk factors for postoperative ileus in women undergoing primary staging and debulking for epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Abstract Objective Thorough primary cytoreduction for epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) improves survival. The incidence of postoperative ileus (POI) in these patients may be underreported because of varying POI definitions and the evolving, increasingly complex contemporary surgical approach to EOC. We sought to determine the current incidence of POI and its risk factors in women undergoing debulking and staging for EOC. Methods We retrospectively identified the records of women who underwent primary staging and cytoreduction for EOC between 2003 and 2008. POI was defined as a surgeon's diagnosis of POI, return to nothing-by-mouth status, or reinsertion of a nasogastric tube. Perioperative patient characteristics and process-of-care variables were analyzed. Univariate analyses were used to identify POI risk factors; variables with P ≤.20 were included in multivariate analysis. Results Among 587 women identified, the overall incidence of POI was 30.3% (25.9% without bowel resection, 38.5% with bowel resection; P =.002). Preoperative thrombocytosis, involvement of bowel mesentery with carcinoma, and perioperative red blood cell transfusion were independently associated with increased POI. Postoperative ibuprofen use was associated with decreased POI risk. Women with POI had a longer length of stay (median, 11 vs 6days) and increased time to recovery of the upper (7.5 vs 4days) and lower (4 vs 3days) gastrointestinal tract ( P Conclusions The rate of POI is substantial among women undergoing staging and cytoreduction for EOC and is associated with increased length of stay. Modifiable risk factors may include transfusion and postoperative ibuprofen use. Alternative interventions to decrease POI are needed.
Regulation of Arabidopsis Embryo and Endosperm Development by the Polypeptide Signaling Molecule CLE8

The plant seed is a major nutritional source for humans as well as an essential embryo development and dispersal unit. To ensure proper seed formation, fine spatial and temporal coordination between the embryo, endosperm, and maternal seed components must be achieved. However, the intercellular signaling pathways that direct the synchronous development of these tissues are poorly understood. Here we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana peptide ligand CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED8 (CLE8) is exclusively expressed in young embryos and endosperm, and that it acts cell and noncell autonomously to regulate basal embryo cell division patterns, endosperm proliferation, and the timing of endosperm differentiation. CLE8 positively regulates expression of the transcription factor gene WUSCHEL-LIKE HOMEOBOX8 (WOX8), and together CLE8 and WOX8 form a signaling module that promotes seed growth and overall seed size. These results demonstrate that seed development is coordinated by a secreted peptide ligand that plays a key early role in orchestrating cell patterning and proliferation in the embryo and endosperm.
Short-term functional outcomes and complications associated with transperineal template prostate mapping biopsy.

Objective To assess the complications and erectile and urinary functional outcomes of transperineal template mapping biopsy (TTMB) of the prostate. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 84 patients undergoing TTMB at our institution and recorded complications and functional outcomes. Erectile and urinary functions were measured at baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 ± 2 weeks after TTMB using the International Index of Erectile Function short version (IIEF-5) and International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaires. Erectile and urinary function parameters were compared between baseline and 2 and 6 weeks after TTMB in a paired fashion. A subanalysis of erectile function was performed in preoperatively potent men (IIEF-5 >17). Results Sixteen patients (19%) experienced complications. The most common events were transient urinary retention (6%), prostatitis (4%) and local events, including perineal hematoma, bruising, or perineal pain (5%). One patient with hematuria required intervention. IIEF-5 scores at baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks were 20 (interquartile range [IQR], 16-23), 18 (IQR, 12-22), and 18 (IQR, 12-22), respectively ( P = .096 and P = .034). Among preoperatively potent men, IIEF-5 scores at baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks were 22 (IQR, 20-24), 21 (IQR, 18-24), and 22 (IQR, 18-24), respectively ( P = .011 and P = .018). International Prostate Symptom Scores were 6 (IQR, 3.5-11) at baseline, rose to 10 (IQR, 4.8-15) at 2 weeks ( P = .012), and returned to 7 (IQR, 3.5-13) at 6 weeks ( P = .628). Conclusion TTMB has a favorable morbidity profile, with mostly mild and transient complications. Urinary retention occurred in 6%, and only 1 patient required intervention with bladder irrigation. Despite a statistically significant decline in erectile function from baseline, the median change in IIEF-5 score was 1 point. Urinary symptoms worsened initially but returned to baseline within 6 weeks.
The Hidden Sides of Names—Face Modeling with First Name Attributes

This paper introduces the new idea of describing people using first names. We show that describing people in terms of similarity to a vector of possible first names is a powerful representation of facial appearance that can be used for a number of important applications, such as naming never-seen faces and building facial attribute classifiers. We build models for 100 common first names used in the US and for each pair, construct a pairwise first-name classifier. These classifiers are built using training images downloaded from the internet, with no additional user interaction. This gives our approach important advantages in building practical systems that do not require additional human intervention for data labeling. The classification scores from each pairwise name classifier can be used as a set of facial attributes to describe facial appearance. We show several surprising results. Our name attributes predict the correct first names of test faces at rates far greater than chance. The name attributes are applied to gender recognition and to age classification, outperforming state-of-the-art methods with all training images automatically gathered from the internet. We also demonstrate the powerful use of our name attributes for associating faces in images with names from caption, and the important application of unconstrained face verification.
Pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs HEMTs in low-cost plastic packaging for DBS application

0.2 µm gate length pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs HEMTs in low-cost plastic packaging have been manufactured in our laboratory. The PHEMTs show typical peak extrinsic transconductances of 390 – 430 mS/mm. From S-parameter measurements, the PHEMTs show typical current-gain cutoff frequencies of 65 – 72 GHz. The devices on-wafer exhibited 0.40 – 0.47 dB noise figure and 12.6 – 13.5 dB associated gain at 12 GHz, respectively. The authors report the first demonstration of devices in a plastic packaging with 1.0 – 1.2 dB noise figure and 9.5 – 9.9 dB associated gain. The volume production of high performance AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs PHEMTs in plastic packaging is suitable for direct-broadcast satellite applications.
Nonsense Mutants in the rII A Cistron of Bacteriophage T4.

Abstract After in vitro treatment of bacteriophage T4 with hydroxylamine (HA), 54 nonsense mutants in the rII A cistron were isolated. These mutants were characterized by growth on suppressor strains of Escherichia coli, and the mutational sites were mapped in the rII A cistron. Twenty-five (9 sites) were amber (UAG), 20 (6 sites) were opal (UGA), and 9 (6 sites) were ochre (UAA). Mapping experiments further indicated that there were three closely linked pairs of amber and opal mutations, conceivably involving mutations occurring in adjacent nucleotides. Based on the specificity of HA mutagenesis (GC → AT), the amino acid codons in which the mutations occurred have been inferred. It is suggested that the three amber-opal pairs arose in tryptophan codons (UGG) and the six ochre mutants arose in glutamine codons (CAA). The six unpaired ambers and the three unpaired opals have been tentatively assigned to glutamine codons (CAG) and arginine codons (CGA), respectively, in the wild-type phage.
Central and basolateral amygdala neurons crash the aversive conditioning party: Theoretical comment on Rorick-Kehn and Steinmetz (2005).

Rorick-Kehn and Steinmetz (2005) report that neurons in the central and basolateral nuclei of the amygdala exhibit learning-related spike firing to conditional stimuli associated with shock in 3 different aversive conditioning paradigms: eyeblink conditioning, fear conditioning, and signaled avoidance conditioning. Central nucleus neurons responded in all 3 tasks, whereas basolateral nucleus neurons were more activated by fear and avoidance conditioning. These results reveal that amygdala neurons are differentially engaged by aversive conditioning, but questions remain concerning the associative basis and functional role for these unit responses.
Compressions of liquids. I. Apparatus and method of measurement

A novel type of piezometer used to measure the compressions of liquids from 20° to 300°C. and from 1 to 4,000 kg./sq. cm. is described. The accuracy anticipated is 4 parts in 10,000.
Approaching Cellular and Molecular Resolution of Auxin Biosynthesis and Metabolism

There is abundant evidence of multiple biosynthesis pathways for the major naturally occurring auxin in plants, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and examples of differential use of two general routes of IAA synthesis, namely Trp-dependent and Trp-independent. Although none of these pathways has been completely defined, we now have examples of specific IAA biosynthetic pathways playing a role in developmental processes by way of localized IAA synthesis, causing us to rethink the interactions between IAA synthesis, transport, and signaling. Recent work also points to some IAA biosynthesis pathways being specific to families within the plant kingdom, whereas others appear to be more ubiquitous. An important advance within the past 5 years is our ability to monitor IAA biosynthesis and metabolism at increasingly higher resolution.
Unnatural mistakes led our use of chemicals astray

Unnatural Selection is a well-written book in the tradition of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. It usefully updates that epochal work, engagingly presenting new research on the impact of chemical products from herbicides to antibiotics, both on other species and on ourselves. Despite its elegant brevity, it covers a satisfying breadth of ecological and evolutionary concerns in environmental toxicology. It can be safely offered as recommended reading for biology undergraduates, congressional staffers, or general readers who are concerned about the environment.
The Negative c-Myc Target Onzin Affects Proliferation and Apoptosis via Its Obligate Interaction with Phospholipid Scramblase I

Onzin, the product of a negatively c-Myc-regulated target gene, is highly expressed in myeloid cells. As a result of its interaction with and activation of Akt1 and Mdm2, onzin down-regulates p53. The apoptotic sensitivity of several cell lines is thus directly related to onzin levels. We have conducted a search for additional onzin-interacting proteins and identified phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1), an endofacial membrane protein, which is proposed to mediate the bidirectional movement of plasma membrane phospholipids during proliferation and apoptosis. PLSCR1 interacts with the same cysteine-rich domain of onzin as do Akt1 and Mdm2, whereas the onzin-interacting domain of PLSCR1 centers around, but does not require, a previously identified palmitoylation signal. Depletion of endogenous PLSCR1 in myeloid cells leads to a phenotype that mimics that of onzin overexpression, providing evidence that PLSCR1 is a physiologic regulator of onzin. In contrast, PLSCR1 overexpression in fibroblasts, which normally do not express onzin, affects neither growth nor apoptosis unless onzin is coexpressed, in which case PLSCR1 completely abrogates onzin's positive effects on proliferation and survival. These findings demonstrate a functional interdependence between onzin and PLSCR1. They further suggest a contiguous link between the earliest events mediated by c-Myc and the latest ones, which culminate at the cell surface and lead to phospholipid reshuffling and cell death.
An unbalanced key establishment scheme for heterogeneous wireless networks

In this paper, we present an unbalanced key establishment scheme for a heterogeneous wireless network environment. We use powerful access points as multiple security managers to configure low-end reduced functional devices (RFD) on site. Our scheme is proposed to set up the master key between a roaming RFD node and a security manager during the handoff process, which exploits the difference in device capabilities, and puts the cryptographic burden where resources are less constrained. The scheme authenticates the device identities in a flexible manner, based on asymmetric certificates. A TESLA certificate is deployed to enable efficient certificate verification on RFD nodes. Our protocol offloads the expensive public key operations from the low-end RFD nodes to powerful security managers, and has less computation complexity than all the other authenticated key agreement protocols that adopt elliptic curve cryptography.
Phosphorus Binders and Survival on Hemodialysis

Although hyperphosphatemia is a risk factor for mortality, there are limited data on whether therapy with phosphorus binders affects survival. We analyzed a prospective cohort study of 10,044 incident hemodialysis patients using Cox proportional hazards analyses to compare 1-yr all-cause mortality among patients who were or were not treated with phosphorus binders. We performed intention-to-treat analyses to compare patients who began treatment with phosphorus binders during the first 90 d after initiating hemodialysis (n = 3555) with those who remained untreated during that period (n = 5055). We also performed as-treated analyses that modeled phosphorus binder treatment as a time-dependent exposure. We compared survival in a subcohort of treated (n = 3186) and untreated (n = 3186) patients matched by their baseline serum phosphate levels and propensity score of receiving phosphorus binders during the first 90 d. One-year mortality was 191 deaths/1000 patient-years at risk. Treatment with phosphorus binders was independently associated with decreased mortality compared with no treatment in the intention-to-treat, as-treated, and matched analyses. The results were independent of baseline and follow-up serum phosphate levels and persisted in analyses that excluded deaths during the first 90 d of hemodialysis. In summary, treatment with phosphorus binders is independently associated with improved survival among incident hemodialysis patients. Although confirmatory studies are needed in the dialysis setting, future placebo-controlled, randomized trials of phosphorus binders might focus on predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease and normal serum phosphate levels.
Investigación en adolescencia,: tópicos y tendencias contemporáneas

espanolEl presente articulo ofrece una vision general de las tendencias actuales en investigacion sobre adolescencia. Resume brevemente algunos de los trabajos que estan recibiendo atencion en la investigacion sobre adolescencia, categorizandolos de acuerdo a su enfasis sobre el individuo, las relaciones o aspectos mas amplios. Se da especial atencion al area de la salud mental, incluyendo depresion, uso de sustancias, imagen corporal y desarrollo de la identidad. Tambien se discuten los factores de relacion con padres, interaccion con pares, apego, agresion en las relaciones y sexualidad. Finalmente, se aborda el impacto de la sociedad y la comunidad, incluyendo la escuela y los vecinos, sobre los adolescentes. EnglishThe present article provides an overview of current trends in adolescence research. It briefly summarizes some of the works receiving attention in adolescence research, categorized by the focus on the individual, relationships, or broader communities. Special attention to the area of individual mental health, including depression, substance use, body image, and identity development is included. Relationship factors, including parents, peers interactions, attachment, relational aggression, and sexuality are also discussed. Lastly, the society and community impact on adolescence, including schools and neighborhoods are addressed.
Identification of Persistent Infection in Experimental Syphilis by PCR

The studies described herein were designed to evaluate the usefulness of the PCR in detecting persistent syphilitic infection. Three groups of animals were used: a nonimmune group infected with Treponema pallidum (NI/TP), a nonimmune group injected with heat-killed treponemes (NI/HKTP), and an immune and reinfected group (I/TP). All animals were inoculated with similar numbers of organisms distributed at 10 sites on the clipped back and in both testes. The persistence of the treponemes was examined by PCR and the rabbit infectivity test (RIT). The kinetic studies and statistical analysis of their results demonstrated that the rate of bacterial clearance from the NI/TP group was very low and incomplete at 4 months after infection. It was significantly different from those of both the NI/HKTP (P 120 days). PCR results correlated well with RIT results. These data suggest that PCR-positive specimens obtained from an untreated patient(s) or collected weeks after treatment indicate persistent infection. They also show that the process of elimination of T. pallidum from primary sites of infection is prolonged and incomplete.
A Ka-band waveguide water-based absorptive switch with an integrated micropump

A new water-based waveguide absorptive switch is developed and reported. The switch functions by controllably inserting water inside a conventional Ka-band waveguide. In particular, three Teflon-made circular cylinders with a diameter of 1.59-mm are placed inside a 50-mm-long waveguide section at an angle of 75° and can be filled with water by micropumps. The water-filled tubes offer a measured isolation of 18 and 28 dB at 26.5 and 40 GHz respectively. When water is removed the total insertion loss is measured at less than 0.5 dB across the whole band. This number includes the effects of a) the 50-mm long waveguide section, b) the holes for inserting the teflon tubes, and c) the tubes themselves. In addition, the measured switch return loss is greater than 18 dB at both states from 26.5 to 40 GHz. Water can be inserted and removed at a simulated speed of less than 50 ms. The proposed design requires approximately 40% less volume than conventional waveguide absorptive switches.
Debate Strategies in Early Modern Dialogue: Jean Bodin’s Colloquium Heptaplomeres in Context

In Jean Bodin’s Colloquium Heptaplomeres seven interlocutors come together in the house of Paulus Coronaeus in Venice. They represent seven different faiths and world views: Catholicism, Lutheranism, Calvinism, Judaism, Islam, Deism or Naturalism, and a syncretic faith tied to philosophical skepticism. The meeting’s participants all debate religion and even whether such debate should be allowed. Bodin develops the character of Octavius Fagnola, the former Catholic converted to Islam, according to a wealth of sources including an Islamic debate tradition that is known as munāẓara . The role of Octavius has important implications for the meaning of Bodin’s work as well as for Renaissance dialogue in general.
Abstract 12109: Depot-Specific Abnormalities in Adipose Tissue Insulin Signaling in a Porcine Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Background: The clinical metabolic syndrome (Met Syn) is associated with systemic insulin resistance and with increased mass and dysfunction of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue. Accumulation and dysfunction of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) have been associated with cardiovascular risk in Met Syn. We previously characterized a porcine dietary model of Met Syn that demonstrates defective insulin signaling in cardiac and skeletal muscle and arterial wall, and impaired cardiac tolerance to ischemia. We used this model in this study to assess effects of MetSyn on insulin signaling in SAT and EAT. Methods: Yucatan micropigs (n=16) were fed a diet enriched in saturated fat (coconut oil) and high fructose corn syrup for 6 months to induce obesity and MetSyn. Yucatan micropigs or domestic farm pigs fed standard low-fat chow served as lean controls (n=23). In each pig, SAT and EAT were sampled in the absence of exogenous insulin stimulation and/or 10 min after a saturating dose of insulin (10 U/kg, ...
Fractional Representation Formulae Under Initial Conditions and Fractional Ostrowski Type Inequalities

Here we present very general fractional representation formulae for a function in terms of the fractional Riemann-Liouville integrals of different orders of the function and its ordinary derivatives under initial conditions.
A Topology for Sequences of Integers ii

(1960). A Topology for Sequences of Integers ii. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 67, No. 6, pp. 537-539.
LANDSCAPE ATTRIBUTES AND NEST-SITE SELECTION IN WILD TURKEYS

Rates of nesting participation, renesting, and nesting success for Wild Tur- keys (Meleagris gallopavo) in the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, are among the lowest re- corded in the eastern United States. I studied spatial attributes of 113 Wild Turkey nests to determine landscape-scale habitat characteristics that were important for nest placement and survival. Hens generally nested close to roads in large pine patches that occurred on southeast-facing slopes. Hens selected shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata; 68.1%) over mixed hard- wood (23.9%), hardwood (0.9%), and open areas (7.1%). Most of the hens (57.5%) placed their nests in edge habitat, but placement in these areas did not influence nesting success. Rather, female turkeys appeared to respond to a high risk of predation by placing nests in large patches, away from areas of high edge density favored by nest predators. Mean patch size chosen by nesting females (6,912.6 + SE of 634.5 ha) was considerably larger than the mean patch size for the study area (31.4 + 7.8 ha). Although most hens nested close to roads, this association appeared to be detrimental to nesting success because all nests close to roads were unsuccessful. In general, habitat characteristics examined at the level of patch and stand were good predictors of nest location but poor predictors of nesting success, possibly due to a high abundance of edge habitat in the landscape. This large amount of edge apparently sustained predator populations that made even the largest patches hazardous for nesting by Wild Turkeys. Therefore, the lack of suitable nest sites may limit population size of Wild Turkeys in the Ouachita Mountains. Received 10 July 1998, accepted 25 January 1999.
Cholesterol in Seromucoid Fraction of Normal and Pathologic Sera.

Summary1. A fairly fixed amount of free cholesterol and cholesterol esters is found in the perchloric acid soluble (seromucoid) fraction of human serum. Phenomena of co-precipitation or of adsorption are probably responsible for this finding. 2. Seromucoid fraction, total serum cholesterol, cholesterol found in the seromucoid fraction were studied quantitatively in pathologic sera obtained from patients with lymphoma, disseminated malignancies, acute leukemia and from selected patients with liver disease. Seromucoid fraction was elevated in all diseases. Cholesterol found in the seromucoid fraction was relatively increased in sera of patients with lymphomas and metastatic carcinomas; relatively or absolutely decreased in acute leukemias and liver disease. 3. The significance of these findings consisted in the indication of possible effects of perchloric acid on cholesterol-containing components of serum. Such effects seemed to vary from normal to pathologic conditions, thus suggesting the possible future ...
Studies on Rice Quality of Mid-season Hybrid Rice Combintion ‘Yuxiangyou 203'under Different Nutrient Application Rates in Different Locations

The variations of rice quality of mid-season hybrid rice combintion‘Yuxiangyou 203'were studied. Field experiment were conducted with mid-season hybrid rice combintion‘Yuxiangyou 203'under the condition of different ecological sites,soil nutrient and nutrient application rates in 2009 and 2010. Experiment data were analyzed by the variance,regression,and partial correlations,the results indicated that rice quality were mainly affected by tested sites,nutrient application not very effective. Ratio of length to width,percentage of chalky rice and chalkiness of rice could be up to the standard of national good quality rice under the condition of most areas and general nutrient application,percentage of head milled rice and amylose must in higher altitude locations,but gel consistency could not be up to the standard of national good quality rice under all nutrient application rates and tested sites. The key factors of effect of ecological sites,soil nutrients and the levels of nutrient application on rice qualities were explored by multiple stepwise regression analysis. The results provided a scientific basis for the good quality rice cultivation for full scale rice production.
Analysis on the Character of University Strategy Management and Its Environmental Factors

It introduces the content of University strategy management and the basic character of university strategy management according to the comparative analysis between university and enterprise strategy management.Based on the analysis of external and internal environmental factors in the university strategy management,it puts forward some suggestions to university strategy management.
A Hybrid (Stochastic and Fuzzy) Methodology for Safety and Risk Assessment

Probabilistic safety assessments (PSAs) and decision-support risk analyses frequently depend on data that are stochastically variable or subjectively uncertain. Probabilistic calculus approaches have been available to process stochastic variability data. There are now approaches using fuzzy mathematics for processing subjective uncertainty data. The incompatibilities in combining these approaches make hybrid analysis challenging. We have now developed a technique for performing hybrid (stochastic along with subjective) safety and risk analysis.
Stochastic sampling for deterministic structural topology optimization with many load cases: Density-based and ground structure approaches

Abstract We propose an efficient probabilistic method to solve a fully deterministic problem — we present a randomized optimization approach that drastically reduces the enormous computational cost of optimizing designs under many load cases for both continuum and truss topology optimization. Practical structural designs by deterministic topology optimization typically involve many load cases, possibly hundreds or more. The optimal design minimizes a, possibly weighted, average of the compliance under each load case (or some other objective). This means that, in each optimization step, a large finite element problem must be solved for each load case, leading to an enormous computational effort. On the contrary, the proposed randomized optimization method with stochastic sampling requires the solution of only a few (e.g., 5 or 6) finite element problems (large linear systems) per optimization step. Based on simulated annealing, we introduce a damping scheme for the randomized approach. Through numerical examples in two and three dimensions, we demonstrate that the randomization algorithm drastically reduces computational cost to obtain similar final topologies and results (e.g., compliance) to those of standard algorithms. The results indicate that the damping scheme is effective and leads to rapid convergence of the proposed algorithm.
Venous Thrombotic Events (VTEs) in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Patients During Induction Therapy (IT): Identifying Risk Factors, and Safety of Using Anticoagulation Therapy

Abstract Abstract 3148 Background: VTEs are common complications in association with IT which may cause additional morbidity and mortality in AML patients. However, treating patients with AML is challenging because of the cytopenias due to chemotherapy and the high risk for bleeding during IT. This study investigates frequency, risk factors, and safety of using anticoagulation (AC) therapy for VTEs during IT. Method: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of AML patients who received IT between January, 2000-January, 2011 at William Beaumont Health Systems. Exclusion criteria included a documented personal history of inherited thrombophilia. Data retrieved included the following: patient characteristics, leukemia subtype, cytogenetic risk, location of the VTEs, FLT3 mutations, IT regimen used (cytarabine and anthracycline regimens or hypomethylating agents), AC therapy, bleeding complications, mortality related to AC therapy. All patients who received AC were initially treated with regular intravenous unfractionated heparin or subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin. Patients were subsequently started on oral warfarin during the first 10 days of the initial treatment with a targeted INR of 2.0–3.0. Results: We found 48 of 363 (13.2%) AML patients developed VTEs during IT. Of those patients, 56.3 % were female. The VTEs occurred most frequently in upper extremities (58%) and were catheter-related. Other locations for VTEs included lower extremities (21%), pulmonary embolism (15%), and mesenteric or portal veins (6%). We note that 41 patients (87%) received AC therapy. Of these, three patients (7.3%) had bleeding complications and no AC therapy-related deaths were observed. When the three cytogenetic risk groups were compared, there was no difference in the incidence of VTEs (good vs intermediate vs poor). Patients with FLT 3 mutations, however, had a significant higher incidence of VTEs when compared to patients without FLT3 mutations (55.3% vs 12% p Conclusions: We found that 13% of AML patients developed VTEs during IT, most commonly in upper extremities and were catheter-related. The risk for VTEs was markedly increased in patients with FLT3 mutations. Furthermore, using a cytarabine + anthracycline regimens carried a higher risk for VTEs when compared to regimens using a hypomethylating agents. Finally, using AC therapy during IT is relatively safe and is associated with low risk of bleeding complications. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Attrition and retention in upper limb prosthetics research: experience of the VA home study of the DEKA arm.

AbstractPurpose: (1) Describe study attrition; (2) identify reasons for attrition, and (3) discuss implications for prosthetic prescription and design of future device studies.Design and methodological procedures used: Completion phase (during in-laboratory training, after training, or home use) was identified for 42 participants. Qualitative data were analyzed to identify attrition reasons. Reasons were classified as related to the DEKA arm, or not.Results: Study attrition was 57%, with 43% completing the full study. Attrition during the in-laboratory portion was 21%. Reasons for attrition were related to the DEKA arm entirely or in-part for 42%, 25%, respectively. Most common reasons were scheduling/personal (54%); device weight (29%); and dissatisfaction with device (25%). About 21% withdrew because of concerns about compliance with study protocol.Conclusions: This study had a high attrition rate with evidence of selective attrition due to device characteristics. Strategies to minimize attrition and th...
CPA credential perceptions: a case study of Hispanic accountants

ABSTRACTOne of the recommendations of The Pathways Commission report was to increase the number of diverse entrants into the accounting profession. While the Commission’s recommendation is commendable, the lack of diversity in the accounting profession is not a new problem. Hence, the accounting profession has attempted to address the underrepresentation of minority Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) for many years. To this end, organizations such as American Institute of CPAs (AICPA), National Association of Black Accountants (NABA), Association of Latino Professionals in Finance and Accounting (ALPFA), and the Ph.D. Project have provided different types of support to alleviate the problem. However, the numbers are still disturbingly low. This is particularly true for Hispanic accountants. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine Hispanic accountants’ perception of the CPA credential. While the results indicate that gender, exam affordability, and job incentives are positively associated with...
When early adopters don't adopt

Individuals who naturally adopt a new technology early are important for influencing whether and how the technology diffuses more broadly among later users ( 1 – 7 ). Such natural early adopters (NEAs) may influence the difference between successful diffusion of new technology and failure. Yet the factors that most influence how and why NEAs engage with new technologies are not entirely understood. We asked, “What if natural early adopters are not able to adopt early?” This paper is the first to measure the counterfactual diffusion curve that occurs when NEAs are not allowed to adopt early. The results suggest that NEAs can stifle broader diffusion of a technology if their usual ability to be first—and to derive value from being first—is compromised. Small changes in the initial availability of a technology among different types of users can have a lasting effect on its potential.
Stress and Exploitative Decision-Making.

Every day, we encounter situations in which we must decide whether to continue what we are doing or move on to a potentially better option (e.g., going to the same place as last year for vacation or traveling somewhere new; staying in a secure but unsatisfying job or embarking on a new career path
Formation of Tertiary Alcohols from the Rhodium-Catalyzed Reactions of Donor/Acceptor Carbenes with Esters

Rhodium(II)-catalyzed reactions between isopropyl acetate and trichloroethyl aryldiazoacetates result in the formation of oxirane intermediates that ring open under the reaction conditions to form tertiary alcohols. When the reaction is catalyzed by the dirhodium tetrakis(triarylcyclopropanecarboxylate) complex, Rh2(S-2-Cl,4-BrTPCP)4, the tertiary alcohols are formed with good asymmetric induction (80–88% ee).
Manual wheelchair propulsion on ramp slopes encountered when boarding public transit buses.

Objective: To compare the kinetics of manual wheelchair (MWC) propulsion on ramps of varying slopes that may be encountered when accessing large accessible transit vehicles (LATVs).Design: Observat...
The Future of Brain Imaging in Child Psychiatry

Neuroimaging has developed rapidly in the past several decades. Understanding of past as well as current techniques in child and adolescent neuroimaging provides insight into possible future advances in the field. Considerations of problems and limitations of the current technology help to define the directions of future developments. This field displays great potential as we strive to decipher the complexities of the human brain.
Wise psychological interventions to improve gender and racial equality in STEM

Women and racial minorities are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields. This review describes six “wise” psychological interventions that can improve gender an...
Transradial interventions in contemporary vascular surgery practice.

ObjectivesUpper extremity arterial access is often required for endovascular procedures, especially for antegrade access to the visceral aortic branches. Radial arterial access has been shown previ...
Hydrothermal deposition and characterization of heteroepitaxial BaTiO3 films on SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 single crystals

Heteroepitaxial BaTiO3 thin films were deposited in an aqueous solution under hydrothermal conditions on single crystal substrates of (100) SrTiO3 and (012) LaAlO3. The reactants consisted of fine TiO2 particles in a strongly alkaline solution of Ba(OH)2 at a temperature of 150°C. The growth of the films was studied by atomic force microscopy, high resolution scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The formation of the films occurred by nucleation of {001} faceted islands followed by three-dimensional growth of the islands to cover the substrate. Repeated hydrothermal treatment improved the film thickness and the surface coverage of the substrate at the expense of increased surface roughness. X-ray diffraction coupled with pole figure analysis showed that the films had the same in-plane and out-of-plane orientation as the substrate.