cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Root hydraulic resistance: Implications in modelling nutrient and water uptake

Abstract This paper reviews 3 recent experiments dealing with root hydraulic resistance of cotton and discusses their implications in modelling the mass flow of ions through the soil‐root interfacial zone. A value of 4.7 x 10‐7 cm3/cm•s, which has been assumed in one ion uptake model, is approximately correct for cotton grown in soil that was kept continuously moist, but root uptake rate varies with root age, type of rooting media, soil water content and with frequency and severity of soil drying around the root. Mass flow rate radially through the root material was about 1/2000 of the assumed ion uptake value when the rooting media had been dried severely. These major shifts in root conductivity as the soil dries will have major consequences in the proportionality between mass flow and diffusion of ions through the soil‐root interfacial zone in cotton.
Implicit misattribution as a mechanism underlying evaluative conditioning

Evaluative conditioning (EC) refers to the formation or change of an attitude toward an object, following that object's pairing with positively or negatively valenced stimuli. The authors provide evidence that EC can occur through an implicit misattribution mechanism in which an evaluative response evoked by a valenced stimulus is incorrectly and implicitly attributed to another stimulus, forming or changing an attitude toward this other stimulus. In 5 studies, the authors measured or manipulated variables related to the potential for the misattribution of an evaluation, or source confusability. Greater EC was observed when participants' eye gaze shifted frequently between a valenced and a neutral stimulus (Studies 1 & 2), when the 2 stimuli appeared in close spatial proximity (Study 3), and when the neutral stimulus was made more perceptually salient than was the valenced stimulus, due to the larger size of the neutral stimulus (Study 4). In other words, conditions conducive to source confusability increased EC. Study 5 provided evidence for multiple mechanisms of EC by comparing the effects of mildly evocative valenced stimuli (those evoking responses that might more easily be misattributed to another object) with more strongly evocative stimuli.
Depression in burn reconstruction patients: symptom prevalence and association with body image dissatisfaction and physical function.

Abstract Objective This study investigated the prevalence and the clinical correlates of symptoms of depression among burn reconstruction patients. Method A sample of 224 burn reconstruction patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the SF-36 Health Survey and the Satisfaction with Appearance Scale. Results The prevalence of at least mild to moderate symptoms of depression (BDI ≥10) was 46%. Female patients were disproportionately represented in this burn reconstruction population (46%) compared to all survivors from the burn center (29%; P P P P =.06) and were less likely to have facial burns ( P =.08). Depressive symptoms were largely predicted by body image dissatisfaction ( β =.58; P β =−.13; P =.07). The effect of patient and burn injury variables on depressive symptoms was mediated by body image dissatisfaction and physical function. Conclusion The high prevalence of significant symptoms of depression in burn reconstruction patients and their relationship with body image suggest the importance of the routine psychological screening of patients seeking reconstruction services.
Absorption Spectrum of Astatine

A highly sensitive method of spectrographic detection of gases was used to detect the absorption of atomic astatine. Two lines were recorded whose wavelengths were 2244.01 and 2162.25 A. These lines were tentatively assigned to the transitions ²P320−⁴P52 and ²P320−⁴P32 between configurations 6p5 and 6p4 7s. The assignment of two resonant lines of polonium was confirmed.
Building a sustainability collection: a selected bibliography

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a bibliography for collection development purposes. It is a list of fundamental reference books, serials, monographs, DVDs, and web sites for academic libraries that are supporting sustainability efforts on their campus.Design/methodology/approach – Resources are identified using subject article databases, American Reference Books Annual (2007, 2008), Choice online, Books in Print, Ulrich's, and Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education Publications on Campus Sustainability (www.aashe.org/resources/publications.php). Numerous reviews of reference works and monographs are used to ensure the relevance and value. Brief annotations are provided.Findings – More colleges and universities are signing on to the American College & University Presidents' Climate Commitment particularly with the new emphasis on greening from Washington, DC. The author conducted an extensive review of sustainability literature in an effort to develop a comp...
The Use of Personal Data Assistants in Early Childhood Assessment

Four early childhood education teachers, two veteran and two newer teachers, were asked to pilot the use of handheld Personal Data Assistants loaded with Childchart assessment software. The participants were observed in their use of the electronic devices for monitoring student performance and interviewed regarding the use of the devices and their implications for assessment of early childhood learners. Veteran teachers indicated differences in both the use of the software programs and the style in which assessment activities were completed compared to newer teachers. The results indicate the need for professional development of new technologies to focus beyond the utilization of software and hardware and that new technologies implementation may be the catalyst for improvements in assessment strategies.
Crossed sliding Luttinger liquid phase

We study a system of crossed spin-gapped and gapless Luttinger liquids. We establish the existence of a stable non-Fermi liquid state with a finite-temperature,long-wavelength, isotropic electric conductivity that diverges as a power law in temperature $T$ as $T\to 0$. This two-dimensional system has many properties characteristic of a true isotropic Luttinger liquid, though at zero temperature it becomes anisotropic. This model can easily be extended to three dimensions.
Collisional Excitation of Atomic Spectra in Accelerated Beams of Light Elements

Collisional excitation in Van de Graaff accelerator of beams of light elements producing light emission in 2700-6600 angstrom range
Overview of Thermal Ink Jet Technology

In the recent years, thermal ink jet (bubble jet) has emerged to become a fast growing printing technology with market applications first aimed at the low end, high quality and color workstation printers. The break-through in this ink jet technology came in the areas of low cost/high volume manufacture using semiconductor thin-film processing, improved apparent reliability and the ability of high quality printing on wide range of office papers. Although the print head technology appears simple and compact, the underlining thin-film structures, micro fluid channels and drop generation process are by no mean straight-forward. In fact, the ink chemistry, the material integrity and the device physics are closely coupled to provide the proper functionality of the print engine. Hence optimization of the technology can only be achieved through complete device integration. In this paper, the basic implementations of the thermal ink jet technology is presented. The physics of bubble/drop formation process is described using results obtained from our experimental studies. Different failure modes of the electro-thermal drop generator (in particular, the thin-film resistive heater) are discussed. Results can be extrapolated to obtain a basic understanding in the requirements of the ink media and the material structure. Based on the current knowledge of this printing method, projections of the technology limitations in practical implementations can be made to support a view that thermal ink jet will become the dominant low end printing technology in the near future.
Tensile behaviour of borosilicate glass matrix-Nicalon (silicon carbide) fibre composites

Unidirectional composites consisting of a borosilicate glass (Corning 7740) matrix reinforced with Nicalon (silicon carbide) fibres were fabricated and tested in monotonic tension at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 650 °C. The ultimate tensile strength showed little dependence on temperature up to about 425 °C and failed by longitudinal splitting. There was a significant increase in strength at 540 °C and a slight decrease in strength when tested above this temperature, and the failure involved extensive fibre pull-out. The elastic modulus (stiffness) was found to decrease progressively with increasing temperature. The matrix consists of borosilicate glass within the plies and very fine grains of alpha (low) cristobalite in the inter-ply regions. The behaviour of the composite as a whole was found to be dependent upon the behaviour of the matrix at the temperature of testing.
Breast reconstruction utilizing implants: A local experience and comparison of three techniques

The breast reconstruction patient requires accurate information about the complications, failures, and additional surgeries associated with implant reconstruction. In this series of consecutive patients, we examine three methods of implant reconstruction: (1) immediate with a permanent implant/expander (86 patients/107 breasts), (2) delayed with a permanent implant/expander (57/73), and (3) delayed serial expansion with gel/saline (54/68). Implant/expander reconstructions had an equal interval to completion (immediate 118 days, delayed 127 days), a significant need for revisions (immediate 57 percent, delayed 30 percent), and a similar complication rate (10 percent) and failure rate (3.5 percent). The delayed serial expansion patients were completed with one operation 66 percent of the time, and only 9 percent required revisional surgery. The data obtained from the largest private health care provider in the state confirmed a significant difference (p = 0.003) in the need for revisional surgery between immediate and delayed reconstructions. The data showed immediate implant reconstructions to (1) be safe (low failure rate), (2) require more capsular intervention procedures, (3) have a greater expense, and (4) have good aesthetic results (90 percent Baker class I or II) because of revisional surgery. The immediate implant breast reconstruction patients are committed to their reconstruction and undergo revisional surgery to improve their aesthetic result. Delayed implant reconstruction patients are less likely to undergo further surgery to correct capsular deformities.
IMPLICATIONS FROM CURRENT DATA FOR NEUTRINO MASSES AND MIXING, AND SOME SENSITIVITIES OF FUTURE EXPERIMENTS

Current constraints on neutrino mass and mixing parameters are briefly reviewed, and the prospects for future measurements in long-baseline neutrino experiments are discussed. Parameter degeneracies are a generic problem in the three–neutrino analysis of long-baseline neutrino appearance measurements, and can lead to different inferred values for the neutrino mixing angle θ13 and often mix CP violating and CP conserving solutions. Possible experimental strategies for reducing or eliminating such degeneracies and/or the CP confusion are discussed.
Dual encryption for query integrity assurance

In database outsourcing, an enterprise contracts its database management tasks to an outside database service provider to eliminate in-house hardware, software, and expertise needs for running DBMSs. This is attractive especially for the parties with limited abilities in managing their own data. Typically, the client applications want to obtain quality assurance (e.g., data authenticity and query completeness) of the outsourced database service at a low cost. Previous work on database outsourcing has focused on issues such as communication overhead, secure data access, and data privacy. Recent work has introduced the issue of query integrity assurance, but usually, to obtain such assurance incurs a high cost. In this paper, we present a new method called dual encryption to provide low-cost query integrity assurance for outsourced database services. Dual encryption enables "cross examination" of the outsourced data, which consists of the original data stored under a certain encryption scheme, and another small percentage of the original data stored under a different encryption scheme. We generate queries against the additional piece of data and analyze their results to obtain integrity assurance. Our scheme is provable secure, that is, it is impossible to break our scheme unless some security primitives can be broken. Experiments on commercial workloads show the effectiveness of our approach.
Circulating microRNA: Prognostic Biomarker for Pediatric Heart Failure

Purpose MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding ~22 nucleotide RNAs capable of modulating the expression of many genes. The purpose of this study was to determine if circulating miRs are useful biomarkers of outcome in children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods and Materials An array for 386 miRs was performed using the Applied Biosystems technology and the small RNA U6 was used as the endogenous control. Serum from 11 non-failing children (NF) and 34 children with DCM was analyzed. Serum was drawn from all DCM patients when hospitalized and undergoing heart transplant evaluation. The DCM patients (mean age 4.7 yrs, EF 24±9%) were categorized based on outcome: 25 required transplant and 4 died (Group 1) and 5 recovered (DCM-R). Results Three miRs were significantly up-regulated in Group 1 compared to NF and DCM-R ( Figure A ). One miR was down-regulated in Group 1 when compared to NF and DCM-R (B). Although several miRs are up-regulated in Group 1 when compared to NF, only 3 miRNAs are up-regulated in DCM-R compared to NF, and only one is commonly up-regulated between Group 1 and DCM-R (C). For miRNAs that are down-regulated in Group 1 and DCM-R compared to NF, 26 miRNAs are uniquely down-regulated in DCM-R (D). Conclusions We identified specific miRs that are differentially expressed between children with DCM that die or require transplant compared to those that recover. A unique biomarker signature of miRs that are specific to those children with DCM that have the potential to recover would be valuable in the risk stratification of this challenging patient population. A larger prospective study is necessary to validate these findings.
Kinematics of the trapezium-1st metacarpal joint in extant anthropoids and Miocene hominoids

Abstract In his many papers on the functional morphology of the primate hand John Napier paid particular attention to the thumb and its kinematics. He suggested that in most New World monkeys the trapezium-1st metacarpal joint (t-lmcj) is almost cylindrical in form, allowing flexion-extension, limited abduction-adduction, and no rotation. He referred to this joint type as a modified hinge , allowing pseudo-opposition of the thumb. By contrast, the t-lmcj joint is sellar in catrrrhines, allowing all three of these movements to be combined in the movement of opposition . On the evidence of the trapezium, Napier & Davis (1959) considered Proconsul africanus to have a t-lmcj of the modified hinge type. These views were challenged by Lewis (1977) , who pointed out that a sellariform t-lmcj is a primitive feature in mammals, although it is modified from this shape in some New World monkeys. Lewis (1977) also believed that the trapezium of P. africanus does in fact bear a sellar articular surface. Beard et al . (1986) observations on recently collected trapezia of P.africanus confirm Lewis' interpretation. Currently there is a considerably larger sample of fossil material than that available to Napier & Davis. A consideration of the functional morphology and kinematics of the t-lmcj in extant anthropoids, Proconsul spp. and Afropithecus turkanensis , suggests that the sellariform nature of the t-lmcj in these taxa is emphasized enough to result in abduction-adduction and rotatory movements as extensive as those typical of extant large hominoids. This contrasts with the more limited movements found at the t-lmcj of other extant anthropoids. This similarity of the t-lmcj and its kinematics in large hominoids, and the Miocene species is most likely to be a shared derived character.
Belford: A Mid-Atlantic Fishing Community Facing Change

Belford is a small (about 1.32 square miles), relatively isolated, fishing community. It is nestled between Port Monmouth and Leonardo on Route 36 in the Bayshore area of Middletown, New Jersey. It sits across the bay from New York City such that the view from the fishing port is of New York City and the Earle Naval Pier. Belford is a mix of houses and small businesses, although the primary economic focus is the Belford Seafood Cooperative and the beach/fishing access areas. Ethnographic data was collected for the Belford commercial fishing port as part of a larger effort to provide information that can be used to assess the impacts of changes in the regulatory environment on fisheries and fishing communities. The profile of Belford the follows contributes to other work done on the likely social impacts of alternative regulatory actions, as well as developing scientifically defensible criteria for determining fishery dependency. This research also contributes to our understanding of the role of gentrifica...
Maya Postclassic State Formation

Maya Postclassic State Formation: Segmentary Lineage Migration in Advancing Frontiers. John W. Fox Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. 310 pp. $44.50 (Cloth) ISBN 0-521-32110-7
Diagnosis: Michael Moore—Media Paint Filmmaker to be Health Care System's Main Problem

The media reporting on Sicko, Michael Moore's documentary about the failures of the U.S. health care system, provides an example of how corporate media continue to twist and restrict the much-needed debate on health care reform. Aside from an occasional concession that having 46 million uninsured Americans is indeed problematic, the media's hype-filled conversation on health care avoids the issues and echoes old myths about the dangers of "government-run" and "socialized" health care. But in the face of the media demonization, universal health care is remarkably popular among the public.
Automated facilities scheduling

In Consulting & Technical Services (CTS) at Clemson University, one of our goals is to provide staffed public access computing facilities. With this goal in mind, we currently staff 15 facilities with student consultants.In order to staff 15 facilities 7 days per week, we employ approximately 120 student consultants. We schedule each facility once a semester. We have found scheduling by hand to be too cumbersome and time consuming.Therefore, in August of 1986 we initiated a project to configure an on-line scheduling system. The result was a SAS-based data acquisition subsystem providing information for a Pascal scheduler running on a NAS AS/XL-60, which is an IBM 3090 compatible mainframe. The system is open-ended which enables it to run on any machine supporting both SAS and Pascal languages. This paper will explain the configuration and use of this system.
Poetics of the Proto-Archive: Creating the Industrial Workers' Redemption

The point of departure of this article is the analysis of the inedited personal archive of Catalan politician and composer Josep Anselm Clave (1824-1874), in particular his correspondance and manuscripts, that is to say documents that we attribute to the private sphere and that most of the time are deemed to contain the «authentic voices of the past,» an affirmation that the article questions. From there, I draw a theory that reveals the private archive not as a symbol of spontaneous authenticity, but as the place where letters and works were written and compiled for a future use. The article questions the mythological discourse built around Clave's figure, and the analysis of the inedited documents permits to reveal how the composer was controlling very closely his archive construction as a way and desire to handle his own inscription in the archive memory of Catalan cultural history. The article defines the personal proto-archive as the set of strategies that serve to construct the conduit between priva...
Consumer product evaluation: the interactive effect of message framing, presentation order, and source credibility

Subjects (n = 200) received a detailed description of a product and were asked to rate their attitudes about this product. Presentation order, source credibility and message framing were manipulated in a 2× 2× 2 completely crossed factorial design. Subjects who received a positively framed message rated product attitudes significantly greater than those subjects who received a negatively framed message. Also, significant differences in message framing effects were found for those subjects who received the framed message first in the nonexpert condition (credibility) and those subjects who received the framed message last in the expert condition. Findings are then discussed.
Enumeration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the viable but nonculturable state using direct plate counts and recognition of individual gene fluorescence in situ hybridization

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a gram-negative, halophilic bacterium indigenous to marine and estuarine environments and it is capable of causing food and water-borne illness in humans. It can also cause disease in marine animals, including cultured species. Currently, culture-based techniques are used for quantification of V. parahaemolyticus in environmental samples; however, these can be misleading as they fail to detect V. parahaemolyticus in a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state which leads to an underestimation of the population density. In this study, we used a novel fluorescence visualization technique, called recognition of individual gene fluorescence in situ hybridization (RING-FISH), which targets chromosomal DNA for enumeration. A polynucleotide probe labeled with Cyanine 3 (Cy3) was created corresponding to the ubiquitous V. parahaemolyticus gene that codes for thermolabile hemolysin (tlh). When coupled with the Kogure method to distinguish viable from dead cells, RING-FISH probes reliably enumerated total, viable V. parahaemolyticus. The probe was tested for sensitivity and specificity against a pure culture of tlh(+), tdh(-), trh(-)V. parahaemolyticus, pure cultures of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio fischeri, and a mixed environmental sample. This research will provide additional tools for a better understanding of the risk these environmental organisms pose to human health.
The Role of Simulation in Surgical Continuing Medical Education

Continuing medical education (CME) has many unique challenges when compared with education in other parts of the surgical training continuum. Recently, there has been considerable attention to improving CME, including some emerging research examining the role of simulation. The small group of published studies suggests that simulation can be used for the purpose of instruction and evaluation and that practicing physicians are generally accepting of this technology. However, this research also identifies a number of areas where simulators still lack clinically important features necessary for optimal instruction. Further, there is varied and mixed evidence for the validity in the measurement systems available in some simulators and a lack evidence of acceptable reliability. CME should be designed using all of the elements thought to be necessary for an effective educational course. Simulation is one of the instructional tools that can and should be used to enhance the educational impact of such a course. Future research about the use of simulation in a CME setting should be better grounded in the relevant theories and should reflect a growing understanding of the unique learning attributes of practicing surgeons.
The synthesis of diacetylated histone H4-(1–37) for studies on the mechanism of histone deacetylation

Abstract The heptatriacontapeptide [Lys([14C]Ac)12, Lys([3H]Ac)16]histone H4-(1–37) was synthesized by the automated solid phase method. This dual-labeled peptide was designed for studies on the mechanism of histone deacetylation. The synthesis was monitored by an automated picrate method; and the product, purified by affinity chromatography and ion exchange chromatography, was homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gave excellent amino acid and radiolabel ratios. A purified calf thymus histone deacetylase released acetyl groups from this synthetic peptide at essentially the same rate as from a diacetylated 1–37 peptide derived from native calf thymus histone H4. The relative rate of release of [14C]acetyl from Lys12 and of [3H]acetyl from Lys16 was 1.03 ± 0.03 throughout the time course of the enzymatic assay. Based on these results, possible mechanisms of histone deacetylation are proposed.
The Acid‐catalyzed Isomerization of an α‐Ketoester into β‐Ketoesters and the Unusual Fragmentation of an α‐Ketoester. Preliminary communication

The first example of an acid-catalyzed isomerization of an α-ketoester into β-ketoesters is described. Ethyl 2-keto-3,3-diphenylbutyrate rearranged in fluorosulfonic acid at 0° into ethyl 2-benzoyl-2-phenylpropionate and ethyl 2,2-diphenylacetoacetate. In contrast, fragmentation of ethyl 3,3-diphenylpyruvate to benzophenone occurred in the same conditions.
Relationship of birth weight to the phenotypic expression of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome in monozygotic twins.

We studied 16 pairs of monozygotic twins (mean age, 12.8 ± 1.4 years; age range, 8 to 26 years; sex, 12 male pairs, four female pairs) in whom at least one twin had Gilles de la Tourette9s syndrome (TS) to determine the concordance rates for TS and tic disorders and to examine environmental factors accounting for intrapair differences in tic severity. In this cohort, the concordance rate for TS was 56%, and the concordance rate for tic disorders was 94%, supporting a primary genetic basis for TS and tic disorders with a high rate of penetrance for the gene. Thirteen of the pairs had differing birth weights and the lower birth-weight twin had a higher tic score in 12 of these pairs. The magnitude of the intrapair birth-weight difference (BWD) strongly predicted the magnitude of the intrapair tic score difference. The difference in tic severity could not be explained by any postnatal medical events. These findings suggest that crucial events affecting the phenotypic expression of TS occur in utero and that the factors causing the BWD also are related to tic severity.
KELP CS and LaPlaya: A Computational Thinking Curriculum and Development Environment for 4th - 6th Grade (Abstract Only)

This workshop introduces our elementary school programming curriculum, KELP-CS, and the corresponding programming environment LaPlaya. KELP-CS (Kids Engaged in Learning Programming) is an innovative, modular computational thinking curriculum for 4th-6th grade students. Off-computer activities connect computer science concepts to students' every day experiences. On-computer activities in LaPlaya develop students' computational thinking and programming skills. Finally, an engineering design project allows students to apply these new skills through an open-ended, creative project (e.g. digital storytelling in Module 1, and virtual game in Module 2). LaPlaya is a modified Scratch programming environment tailored to the developmental needs of 4th-6th grade students. In this workshop, we begin by introducing the KELP-CS curriculum; LaPlaya, the development environment used in the on-computer activities; and the resources for teachers embedded in both. Workshop participants will do sample on- and off- computer activities from Module 1 (4th grade) and discuss tips and strategies for teaching computational thinking with this age group. For the second part of the workshop, we provide additional background for participants interested in creating their own curriculum with LaPlaya. This includes how to create projects and their analysis.
Intrastriatal adenosine A1 receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide blocks ethanol-induced motor incoordination

Abstract Intrastriatal administration of a 21-mer phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting the adenosine A 1 receptor blocked ethanol-induced motor incoordination in the rat and reduced striatal adenosine A 1 receptor content, as judged by specific binding of the A 1 -specific ligand 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine ( B max =0.350±0.07, K d =1.87±0.50 nM). No effect upon striatal adenosine A 2 receptor content was observed ( B max =0.415±0.04, K d =13.13±1.25 nM) with the A 2 -specific ligand 2- p -(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5′- N -ethylcarboxamidoadenosine. A mismatched control oligodeoxynucleotide of identical G-C base composition and general sequence structure was without effect on adenosine A 1 receptor ( B max =0.666±0.11, K d =1.32±0.27 nM) or adenosine A 2 receptor content ( B max =0.501±0.08; K d =14.65±1.82 nM) or ethanol-induced motor incoordination. These results confirm an important role of the striatal adenosine A 1 receptor in mediating certain motor-related physiological effects of ethanol.
Nocturnal capture of fireflies by lycosid spiders: visual versus vibratory stimuli

Abstract The untested idea that wolf spiders such as Lycosa rabida rely on visual cues when preying on fireflies at night was examined. Under controlled conditions, individuals of L. rabida and L. punctulata were exposed to both actual and simulated firefly flashing. These stimuli elicited orientation or approach in only 24% of the spiders. In other experiments, constant light yielded more responses than did flash patterns, and a stationary light elicited more responses than did a moving light. Both of these findings suggest that phototaxis underlies the responses. To determine the importance of vibratory cues, crawling fireflies were offered to blinded spiders on a paper substratum and on living plants; response levels were 85% and 100%, respectively. These data suggest that much, if not most, nocturnal predation by lycosid spiders on fireflies involves vibratory rather than visual stimuli.
Effects of human recombinant PEDF protein and PEDF-derived peptide 34-mer on choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a serpin with antiangiogenic properties. Previously, the authors showed that PEDF injected into the subconjunctiva reaches the choroid. Here, they examined the effects of PEDF polypeptide fragments on vessel sprouting and on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) after subconjunctival administration.
A Radioimmunoassay for Rhesus Monkey Luteinizing Hormone (RhLH)

A double antibody radioimmunoassay for rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) luteinizing hormone (RhLH) has been developed. Purified RhLH with a specific activity approximately 7 times that of NIH-LH-Sl was iodinated with 131I using chloramine-T. The most useful RhLH antiserum was obtained from a guinea pig immunized with a crude RhLH preparation. The useful assay range (90–20% bound) was 0.12–2.4 ng of purified RhLH, equivalent to 0.67–13 ng NIH-LH-Sl. The LH potency estimates of a number of pituitary preparations with widely varying ratios of LH:FSH and LH:TSH were in close agreement when measured by radioimmunoassay and bioassay (indices of discrimination 0.74–1.50). Dose-response curves with plasma from monkeys in various endocrinologic states were parallel to the curves obtained with pituitary LH standards, but the dose-response curve with rhesus monkey chorionic gonadotropin (RhCG), which cross-reacted but weakly, was not. {Endocrinology 86: 1012, 1970)
TEM study of aerosol particles from clean and polluted marine boundary layers over the North Atlantic

[1] Aerosol samples were collected from Punta del Hidalgo in the Canary Islands and Sagres in Portugal during June–July 1997 as part of the Aerosol Characterization Experiment-2 (ACE-2) over the North Atlantic Ocean. We studied individual aerosol particles using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The major aerosol types include fresh and partly or completely reacted sea salt that consist of NaCl, mixed-cation (Na, Mg, K, and Ca) sulfate, Na2SO4, and NaNO3; particles of industrial origin that include (NH4)2SO4, soot, flyash, silica, Fe oxide, and CaSO4; and minor terrestrial mineral dust. Because of their different geographic locations, samples from these two sites showed different degrees of impact from anthropogenic emissions from Europe. At Sagres, depending on the samples, between 0 and 30% of sea salt particles remain unreacted, while 0 to 50% were partly reacted, and 20 to 100% were completely converted to sulfate and nitrate through reactions with pollutants from the European continent. In contrast, at Punta del Hidalgo, the sea salt particles were much less affected by industrial pollution. Even during polluted periods, only less than 5% were completely reacted. The dramatic difference between the sea salt particles from Punta del Hidalgo and Sagres indicates dilution of pollution, rapid reaction, and exhaustion of reactive pollutants as they were transported to the open ocean.
Some electron microscope observations on membranous basophilic elements of invertebrate eggs.

Four classes of membranous elements of the ergastoplasm of mulluscan oocytes are described. These are annulate lamellae, yolk nuclei in the form of spherical whorls of endoplasmic reticulum, planar arrays of endoplasmic reticulum, and isolated vesicles or cisternae. Evidence is presented that suggests the morphological continuity of all four classes of ergastoplasm at various times in the oocyte history. This evidence suggests for these eggs, at any rate, an extensively deployed, if not greatly abundant, ergastoplasm which exists prior to fertilization and development.
Left atrial volume: important risk marker of incident atrial fibrillation in 1655 older men and women.

Objective To evaluate the contribution of left atrial (LA) volume in predicting atrial fibrillation (AF). Patients and Methods In this retrospective cohort study, a random sample of 2200 adults was identified from all Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents who had undergone transthoracic echocardiographic assessment between 1990 and 1998 and were 65 years of age or older at the time of examination, were in sinus rhythm, and had no history of AF or other atrial arrhythmias, stroke, pacemaker, congenital heart disease, or valve surgery. The LA volume was measured off-line by using a biplane area-length method. Clinical characteristics and the outcome event of incident AF were determined by retrospective review of medical records. Echocardiographic data were retrieved from the laboratory database. From this cohort, 1655 patients in whom LA size data were available were followed from baseline echocardiogram until development of AF or death. The clinical and echocardiographic associations of AF, especially with respect to the role of LA volume in predicting AF, were determined. Results A total of 666 men and 989 women, mean ± SD age of 75.2±7.3 years (range, 65-105 years), were followed for a mean ± SD of 3.97 ± 2.75 years (range, Conclusion This study showed that a larger LA volume was associated with a higher risk of AF in older patients. The predictive value of LA volume was incremental to that of clinical risk profile and conventional M-mode LA dimension.
Understanding the Total Meaning.

Understanding the overall meaning of a passage is a task distinct from the identification of the individual composite words. The purpose of this article is to suggest classroom techniques that strengthen reader strategies for discourse comprehension. Reading is conceived as a complex skill involving a number of general skills. Comprehension is viewed as taking place at a number of levels. Because of the unfamiliar linguistic forms and structures inevitably encountered in second language reading, the student is encouraged to exercise flexibility in approaching a text. The usefulness of drawing upon a knowledge of world events is highlighted through classroom practice.
Synthesis of oudehansins A and B

Abstract Efficient, stereocontrolled syntheses of the antifungal metabolites oudemansin A and B are described.
Theoretical study of the effects of alkali-metal atoms adsorption on Raman spectra of single-wall carbon nanotubes

Recent experimental characterization of alkali-metal atom adsorption in single-wall carbon nanotubes showed a softening of the Raman modes. To gain insight into the effects of K, Rb, and Cs doping, we report first-principles calculations of the Raman radial breathing and tangential $G$ modes. Structural parameters and charge transfer were examined in order to explain downshifts of the pertinent modes, well-reproduced theoretically. Our study serves as an example of the application of theory to provide justification for models used in interpreting experimental data.
Frost creep and gelifluction features: A review

Frost creep and gelifluction are the cold-climate representatives of mass-wasting processes that occur in a broad range of environments. Neither process requires permafrost, and frost creep can be inhibited by its presence at shallow depth. Acting in various combinations, frost creep and gelifluction produce distinctive lobate and terrace-like landforms, which are easy to recognize while fresh and active, but difficult to distinguish from mudflow lobes, earthslides, and similar deposits after they have been modified by other processes. Large frost creep and gelifluction features are currently active in many tundra environments that experience only deep seasonal freezing; thus they are not generally considered to be indicators of permafrost. Most radio-carbon-dated lobes and terraces, however, seem to have originated at times when permafrost was more widespread than it is today. This is true in the Colorado Front Range, where the formation of lobes and terraces appears to have been initiated by rapid melting of ice-enriched permafrost during the warming phases of frost-heave cycles that were centuries or millennia in duration. There is growing evidence that lobes and terraces developed in many parts of the world between about 3000 and 2500 BP; the climatic significance of their formation during this interval is open to several interpretations. Long-term average rates of frontal advance, calculated for deposits in Colorado, Australia, Greenland, Yukon Territory, Alaska, Scotland, and Norway, range from 0.6 to 3.5 mm per calendar year, significantly slower than maximum rates of movement measured on the surfaces of active lobes and terraces in comparable environments; the features are clearly not as effective at transporting debris as was previously supposed. Variations in past rates of downslope soil movement, estimated from close-interval dating of buried humus horizons or plant remains overrun by the advancing fronts of lobes and terraces, provide a sensitive record of climatic change. The dated humus layers are also suitable for detailed pollen analyses and soil chronosequence studies.
Some thoughts on the contrastive analysis of features in second language acquisition

In this article I discuss the selection and assembly of formal features in second language acquisition. Assembling the particular lexical items of a second language (L2) requires that the learner reconfi gure features from the way these are represented in the first language (L1) into new formal configurations on possibly quite different types of lexical items in the L2. I illustrate the nature of the problem by comparing the assembly and expression of features involved in plural-marking in English, Mandarin Chinese and Korean, and situate this comparison with respect to specific claims of the Nominal Mapping Parameter and within a discussion of parameter (re)setting more generally. I conclude with a few even more general thoughts on the role of Universal Grammar (UG) in (second) language acquisition.
How well do middle school science programs measure up? Findings from Project 2061's curriculum review

The purposes of this study were to examine how well middle school programs support the attainment of key scientific ideas specified in national science standards, and to identify typical strengths and weaknesses of these programs using research-based criteria. Nine widely used programs were examined by teams of teachers and specialists in research on teaching and learning. Reviewers found that whereas key ideas were generally present in the programs, they were typically buried between detailed or even unrelated ideas. Programs only rarely provided students with a sense of purpose for the units of study, took account of student beliefs that interfere with learning, engaged students with relevant phenomena to make abstract scientific ideas plausible, modeled the use of scientific knowledge so that students could apply what they learned in everyday situations, or scaffolded student efforts to make meaning of key phenomena and ideas presented in the programs. New middle school science programs that reflect findings from learning research are needed to support teachers better in helping students learn key ideas in science. The criteria and findings from this study on the inadequacies in existing programs could serve as guidelines in new curriculum development. 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 39: 522-549, 2002 Whereas curriculum materials (and in particular textbooks and their accompanying teacher's guides) are but one of the resources available to teachers, they have a major role in teaching and learning. Many teachers rely on them to provide some or all of their content and pedagogical content knowledge, and this is especially so when the teacher is a novice or is teaching outside his or her area of expertise (Ball & Feiman-Nemser, 1988; National Educational Goals Panel, 1994). Acknowledging their role in teaching and learning, both science education researchers and policy makers have called for systematic, research-based reviews of science curriculum materials as a means for improving their quality, influencing teacher practice, and supporting science education reform (Good, 1993; National Research Council (NRC), 1999, 2000b).
Acceleration Simulation in the LAMPF II Booster

The current reference design for the LAMPF II project includes a 60 Hz booster13and 3 Hz main ring. The booster accelerates 1.5 x 10 protons from 0.797 to 7.3 GeV kinetic energy in each pulse. In this work we describe a numerical simulation of the longitudinal motion which includes space charge and inductive wall effects. The study was undertaken in order to verify that the acceleration proceeds as expected with little emittance growth and minor losses. In Sec. II we discuss the booster. In sec. III we describe the simulation program, and then present the results in Sec. IV.
Localization and Pattern Recognition with Tactile Displays

A set of four experiments was conducted to evaluate tactile localization and tactile pattern recognition on the torso. A one- dimensional eight-tactor display and a two-dimensional 16-tactor display were used to present tactile cues to the waist and back respectively. The results from the spatial localization experiments indicated that a display with eight tactors mounted circumferentially around the waist can provide tactile cues that are perceived very accurately in terms of the location of stimulation. In contrast, the 16-tactor array on the back was found to be inadequate to support precise spatial mapping, but an array with fewer elements could provide such spatial cues. The second set of experiments evaluated tactile pattern recognition around the waist and on the back with the objective of determining what types of tactile stimuli could be useful for creating tactons. The tactile display used in these experiments stimulated the skin at a fixed frequency and amplitude and varied the number and location of tactors simultaneously active to convey information. For both the waist and back, tactile patterns were identified with high accuracy, 99% and 95% correct response rate respectively. These findings suggest that simple navigational and instructional commands can be presented factually on the torso.
Electrodermal Response Dysfunction in Patients on Maintenance Renal Dialysis

In a study of autonomic function in chronic renal failure, electrodermal response to valsalva stimulation (exhalation against 40 mmHg for 12 sec) was recorded for 25 patients maintained on hemodialysis and 25 normal controls. The dialysis patients were found to have greatly reduced phasic (skin conductance response) and tonic (skin conductance level) electrodermal activity. There was minimal overlap between the two groups. Positive correlations were obtained among electrodermal conductance and residual renal function and motor nerve conduction velocity. The results may bear on the assessment of the dialysis technique.
MUC1 Drives c-Met–Dependent Migration and Scattering

The transmembrane mucin MUC1 is overexpressed in most ductal carcinomas, and its overexpression is frequently associated with metastatic progression. MUC1 can drive tumor initiation and progression via interactions with many oncogenic partners, including β-catenin, the EGF receptor (EGFR) and Src. The decoy peptide protein transduction domain MUC1 inhibitory peptide (PMIP) has been shown to inhibit the tumor promoting activities of MUC1 in breast and lung cancer, including cell growth and invasion, and its usage suppresses metastatic progression in mouse models of breast cancer. To further characterize the reduced metastasis observed upon PMIP treatment, we conducted motility assays and observed that PMIP inhibits cell motility of breast cancer cells. To determine the mechanism by which PMIP inhibits motility, we evaluated changes in global gene transcription upon PMIP treatment, and identified a number of genes with altered expression in response to PMIP. Among these genes is the metastatic mediator, c-Met, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase that can promote cell scattering, migration, and invasion. To further investigate the role of c-Met in MUC1-dependent metastatic events, we evaluated the effects of MUC1 expression and EGFR activation on breast cancer cell scattering, branching, and migration. We found that MUC1 strongly promoted all of these events and this effect was further amplified by EGF treatment. Importantly, the effect of MUC1 and EGF on these phenotypes was dependent upon c-Met activity. Overall, these results indicate that PMIP can block the expression of a key metastatic mediator, further advancing its potential use as a clinical therapeutic.
Alternatively Modified Bingel Reaction for Efficient Syntheses of C60 Hexakis- Adducts

It was found that the C60 hexakis-adduct (Th) bearing 12 electron-donating N,N-dimethylaniline moieties could not be synthesized by the Bingel−Hirsch method with either classical or deviated experimental parameters in a one-pot reaction. A different modification to the original Bingel reaction without the use of any templating agent was necessary for high-yield synthesis of the compound. The generalization of this alternatively modified Bingel method to the preparation of other C60 hexakis-adducts is demonstrated.