cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconfiguring the islamic sonic-social in the bird ghost at the zaouia by seth ayyaz

The paper examines issues emergent from the construction of my work the bird ghost at the zaouia, which transliterates recorded experience and memory of time and place. Islamic ritual and public spaces were recorded, reworked, re-routed and re-sited in a work that references, comments upon and potentially reconfigures the Islamic sonic-social. Tracing my own stance, the paper foregrounds emergent issues in the recording and use of highly culturally freighted sounds. I trace three broad areas: 1. Sonic Orientalism-the use of sound that carries 'Eastern' cultural and religious significance in order to signal a certain kind of alterity; 2. The development of a compositional strategy that seeks a middle-path between acousmatic and acoustic-ecological debates; and 3. A cross-cultural comparison between modes of listening. In addition I discuss the contexts of debates on the permissibility of music within Islam, and also world-musics that trade on the romanticised alterity of sonic tourism. I draw parallels between an 'ethically responsive sensorium' characteristic of Islamic aural disciplines and the 'aesthetically attuned sensorium' engaged by sonic arts. I argue for an approach that is inclusive of the sonic and the full spectrum of vibration through ramified networks of memory and meaning. Audio excerpts available at: www.sethayyaz.com/sound-works/bird-ghost-at-the-zaouia
Preparation and characterization of an enzymatically active immobilized derivative of myosin

Abstract Purified skeletal muscle myosin (EC 3.6.1.3) has been covalently bound to Sepharose 4B by the cyanogen bromide procedure. The resulting complex, Sepharose-Myosin, possesses adenosine triphosphatase activity and is relatively stable for long periods of time. Under optimal binding conditions, approximately 33% of the specific. ATPase activity of the bound myosin is retained. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of polypeptides released from denatured Sepharose-Myosin indicates that 85% of the myosin is attached to the agarose beads through the heavy chains and the remainder through the light chains, in agreement with predictions of binding and release based upon either the lysine contents or molecular weights of the myosin subunits. The adenosine triphosphatase of the immobilized myosin has been investigated under conditions of varying pH, ionic strength, and cation concentration. The ATPase profiles of immobilized myosin are quite similar to those for free myosin, however subtle differences are found. The Sepharose-Myosin ATPase is not as sensitive as myosin to alterations in salt concentration and the apparent K M is approximately two-fold higher than that of myosin. These differences are probably due to chemical modification in the region of the attachment site(s) to the agarose beads and hydration and diffusion limitations imposed by the polymeric agarose matrix.
Potent reversal of multidrug resistance by ningalins and its use in drug combinations against human colon carcinoma xenograft in nude mice

Purpose: To evaluate the pharmacological properties and the possible therapeutic applications of a series of synthetic marine natural product analogs, ningalins (N1–N6), in terms of cytotoxicity, MDR-reversing activity, and enhancement of drug combinations with antitumor agents in vitro and in vivo. Methods: XTT assays, [3H]azidopine binding to P-glycoprotein (Pgp), cellular accumulation and efflux of labeled drugs were carried out in vitro. Drug combinations using combination index, dose-reduction index, and isobologram were performed in vitro and enhancement of efficacy in drug combinations against human colon carcinoma HCT-116 xenografts were conducted with nude mice. Results: N3 at sub-IC50 cytotoxic concentration (10 μM) was capable of enhancing vinblastine (VBL) cytotoxicity toward human leukemic CCRF-CEM cells about 50,000-fold as measured by the decrease of IC50 of VBL. For CCRF-CEM/VBL1000 (1,500-fold resistant to VBL and overexpressing Pgp), N3 and N5 enhanced VBL cytotoxicity as much as 6.2 million-fold and 210,000-fold, respectively. Moreover, N3 and N5 collaterally made CCRF-CEM/VBL1000 cells 4,000-fold and 130-fold, respectively, more susceptible to VBL than the parent CCRF-CEM cells. In human mammary carcinoma cells MX-1/paclitaxel which were 170-fold resistant to taxol and 38-fold resistant to VBL, N3 was capable of enhancing VBL effect as much as 6,000-fold. Combination therapy on murine P388/doxorubicin (DX) leukemia with DX + N3 or taxol + N3 achieved greater efficacy than the therapy with each drug alone. Impressively, nude mice, bearing human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells, treated with a suboptimal dosage of taxol in combination with N3, N5 or N6 led to shrinkage of established tumor and achieved total tumor remission, while taxol alone had no tumor disappearance in this xenograft model. Furthermore, the enhancement of antitumor effect by ningalins, at least in parts, are due to inhibiting Pgp which was supported by the observation that the ningalins compete for [3H]azidopine binding to Pgp, increase the cellular accumulation of VBL or taxol, and inhibit drug efflux from the tumor cells. Conclusion: The profound enhancement of antitumor cytotoxicity of vinblastine and taxol in vitro by ningalins may have multiple mechanisms including the MDR-reversing effects. The mechanisms for collateral sensitivity by ningalins against sensitive (parent) cells are not yet clear. The marked enhancement of therapeutic effect of taxol by ningalins against xenograft tumors in nude mice suggests potential applications of therapeutic use of ningalins.
Integrated microfluidic preconcentrator and immunobiosensor

We present a microfluidic biosensor that integrates membrane-based preconcentration with fluorescence detection. The concentration membrane was fabricated in polyacrylamide by an in situ photopolymerization technique at the junction of glass microchannels. Liposomes entrapping sulforhodamine B dye molecules were used for signal amplification. The biotin–streptavidin binding system was a model system for evaluating device performance. Biotinylated liposomes were preconcentrated at the membrane by applying an electric field across the membrane. The electric field causes the liposomes to migrate toward the membrane where they are concentrated by a sieving effect. Two orders of magnitude concentration was achieved after applying the electric field for only 2 min. The concentrated bolus was then eluted toward the detection unit, where the biotinylated liposomes were captured by immobilized streptavidin. The integrated system with the preconcentration module shows a 14-fold improvement in signal as opposed to a system that does not include preconcentration.
Halogen geochemistry of the McMurdo dry valleys lakes, Antarctica: Clues to the origin of solutes and lake evolution

Abstract We have determined the halogen and boron concentrations in the ice-covered lakes of Taylor Valley, Antarctica, to better establish the sources of salts and evolutionary histories of these unusual water bodies. In addition, we report on a series of 129 I measurements that were compared with previous 36 Cl data that also help constrain the source of solutes and histories of the lakes. The new data, when put into context of previous work on these systems over the past forty years, allow us to make the following conclusions. The primary source of solutes to Lake Hoare, the youngest of the lakes, is the dissolution of marine aerosols and aeolian salts and the chemical weathering of dust on the glaciers. The geochemistry of Lake Fryxell, the brackish water lake, is primarily dominated by the diffusion from a halite-saturated brine at the sediment-water interface and the recent infilling of the lake by glacier meltwater. These waters have chemical weathering and marine aerosols components. Lake Bonney has two distinct lobes whose hypersaline hypolimnia have different chemistries. Both of the lobes are remnants of ancient marine waters that have been modified by the input of weathering products. This lake has also been modified by periods of cryogenic concentration when solutes have been lost via mineral precipitation. Thus the geochemistry of Lake Bonney owes its unusual geochemistry, in part, to variations in the climate in the Taylor Valley over at least the past 300kyr. The 129 I data from the Taylor Valley are similar to those from fracture fluids in crystalline rocks from the Northern Hemisphere.
Corticosteroid binding proteins and the hormone receptor in liver.

Abstract Five corticosteroid binding proteins have been resolved in rat liver cytosol after administration of ( 3 H) corticosterone for 10 min. Their properties and in some cases the properties of the purified or partially purified proteins have been described. The hormone receptor appears to be a single protein, up to now, and elutes in a characteristic position during ion-exchange chromatography, as do the other proteins. The receptor has a Stokes' radius of 35 A, an apparent molecular weight of 67,000 and a pI value of about 6.7 when complexed with radioactive corticosterone or dexamethasone. When fractionated from the nucleoplasm, the receptor appears to have a slightly reduced apparent molecular weight (62,000), although an additional macromolecule labeled with steroid, possibly derived from steroid-receptor complex, is found and remains to be characterized. A sixth fraction is observable after in vitro binding with ( 3 H) cortisol or ( 3 H) dexamethasone. It has about twice the apparent molecular weight of receptor and probably represents the 7–7.5S form. Since this form is not visualized in in vivo experiments with our procedures, we conclude that it may not be important physiologically.
The role of glutathione in dopaminergic neuronal survival

An increased production of reactive oxygen species is thought to be critical to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. At autopsy, patients with either presymptomatic or symptomatic Parkinson's disease have a decreased level of glutathione in the substantia nigra pars compacta. This change represents the earliest index of oxidative stress in Parkinson's disease discovered to this point. This study compares the sensitivity of dopaminergic and nondopaminergic neurons in dissociated mesencephalic cultures to the depletion of glutathione. We have found that dopaminergic neurons are more resistant to the toxicity of glutathione depletion than nondopaminergic neurons. The possibility that dopaminergic neurons have a higher baseline glutathione level than nondopaminergic neurons is suggested by measurements of levels of cellular glutathione in a parallel system of immortalized embryonic dopaminergic and nondopaminergic cell lines. We also examined the role of glutathione in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity. Decreasing the glutathione level of dopaminergic neurons potentiates their susceptibility to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity, although 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium does not deplete glutathione from primary mesencephalic cultures. Our data suggest that although a decreased glutathione content is not likely to be the sole cause of dopaminergic neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease, decreased glutathione content may act in conjunction with other factors such as 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium to cause the selective death of dopaminergic neurons.
Transforming the mortality review conference to assess palliative care in the acute care setting: a feasibility study.

Objective:This project sought to evaluate the impact of a hospital-based Palliative Care Consultation (PCC) service utilizing a common practice: the resident mortality review conference.Method:Internal Medicine residents used a revised chart audit tool during the mortality review conference, which included domains described in the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Quality Palliative Care (2004). This study attempted to transform the common practice into a methodology for collecting data that could be used as a platform to assess the quality of hospital care near the end of life. In this review, the residents were asked not only “what care was delivered appropriately?” but “what could we have done?” to relieve the patient's and family's suffering.Results:The results showed that the mortality review process could be used to assess care at the end of life. It also showed that those patients who received a PCC received better care. Symptoms were addressed at a significantly higher rate for those patients who received a PCC than for those who did not. Specifically, these were symptoms of pain (75% vs. 51%, p <.0001), dyspnea (75% vs. 59%, p < 0.0001), nausea (28% vs. 18%, p < 0.0001), and agitation (53% vs. 33%, p < 0.0001).Significance of results:The mortality review process was found to be valuable in assessing care delivery for patients near the end of life. The tool yielded results that were consistent with findings of other studies looking at pain and symptom management, advance care planning, and the rate of palliative care consults across major diagnostic categories, supporting the face validity of the mortality review process.
Optimization of project networks with goal programming and fuzzy linear programming

Abstract Minimizing project completion time and cost continues to be a universally sought and highly desirable goal. Linear Programming has been recently adapted to Project Networks followed more recently by Goal Programming. Recent developments in “Fuzzy” Linear Programming suggests it may also contribute significantly. These techniques are compared when applied to a project network, and recommendations are given as to their applicability.
Integral transforms for a class of time-varying linear systems

This paper presents an extension of the transform method to systems having parameters which vary with time. By using the general λ domain approach suggested by Zadeh for the analysis and synthesis of linear time-varying systems, a system function H(\lambda) independent of time may be defined for the linear system. Such a system function has many of the advantages of that obtained for stationary systems using the Laplace transformation. By making H(\lambda) a ratio of polynomials in the complex variable λ the pole-zero synthesis technique used for fixed systems may be applied to the time-varying case as well. Recently, a "building block" for the synthesis of a class of time-varying systems was suggested by Kilmer and Johnson. A similar building block for systems with exponentially varying coefficients is suggested in this paper.
WHAT WORKS BEST WHEN CONTRACTING FOR SERVICES? AN ANALYSIS OF CONTRACTING PERFORMANCE AT THE LOCAL LEVEL IN THE US

During the last decade the field of public administration has undergone a period of renewed interest in the topic of performance and effectiveness. Key contributions to the growing stream of research on public sector performance include work focusing on the adoption and implementation of performance measurement in the public sector (see, for example, Julnes and Holzer 2001; Behn 2003); theoretical and empirical research on management’s effect on organizational performance (see, for example, O’Toole and Meier 1999; Meier and O’Toole 2002); and efforts to identify the determinants of organizational effectiveness (see, for example, Rainey and Steinbauer 1999; Brewer and Selden 2004). Surprisingly, this literature includes very few studies that explicitly address the issue of performance in contracting for services (exceptions include Domberger and Hensher 1993; Romzek and Johnstone 2002). In the United States alone, hundreds of billions of dollars are contracted out every year, and innumerable policies and programmes are implemented, at least in part, through contractual arrangements between public agencies and private providers (Savas 2000; DeHoog and Salamon 2002; Kelman 2002; Cooper 2003). Moreover, contracting for services appears to be a growing trend in Western Europe and other regions (Kettl 2000; Savas 2000). With the stakes so high, there is a pressing need for research that identifies factors and practices that contribute to success in contracting for services. This paper takes on the challenge by developing a model of contracting performance and testing it using Substantively Weighted Analytic Techniques (SWAT), a new methodology that allows researchers to isolate high performance among a large number of observations in order to identify variables practitioners can manipulate to improve practice (Meier and Gill 2000).
The use of color flow Doppler ultrasonography to diagnose umbilical cord entanglement in monoamniotic twin gestations

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the use of color flow Doppler ultrasonography to identify umbilical cord entanglement. Study Design: Our case series consisted of three monoamniotic twin gestations. Color flow Doppler was used prospectively to study the umbilical cords. Results: Apparent "branching" of the umbilical artery, with evidence of two different heart rates in the two segments of the branch, was seen in all cases. Compression of the umbilical vein was identified by extremely high blood velocity. Conclusions: Color flow Doppler is useful in the identification of umbilical cord entanglement in monoamniotic twin pregnancies and may provide a method of monitoring the fetuses for evidence of cord compression.
Higher order singular value decomposition of tensors for fusion of registered images

This paper describes a computational method using tensor math for higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) of registered images. Tensor decomposition is a rigorous way to expose structure embedded in multidimensional datasets. Given a dataset of registered 2-D images, the dataset is represented in tensor format and HOSVD of the tensor is computed to obtain a set of 2-D basis images. The basis images constitute a linear decomposition of the original dataset. HOSVD is data-driven and does not require the user to select parameters or assign thresholds. A specific application uses the basis images for pixel-level fusion of registered images into a single image for visualization. The fusion is optimized with respect to a measure of mean squared error. HOSVD and image fusion are illustrated empirically with four real datasets: (1) visible and infrared data of a natural scene, (2) MRI and x ray CT brain images, and in nondestructive testing (3) x ray, ultrasound, and eddy current images, and (4) x ray, ultrasound, and shearography images.
Fragment Based Drug Discovery: Practical Implementation Based on 19F NMR Spectroscopy

Fragment based drug discovery (FBDD) is a widely used tool for discovering novel therapeutics. NMR is a powerful means for implementing FBDD, and several approaches have been proposed utilizing 1H–15N heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) as well as one-dimensional 1H and 19F NMR to screen compound mixtures against a target of interest. While proton-based NMR methods of fragment screening (FBS) have been well documented and are widely used, the use of 19F detection in FBS has been only recently introduced (Vulpetti et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2009, 131 (36), 12949–12959) with the aim of targeting “fluorophilic” sites in proteins. Here, we demonstrate a more general use of 19F NMR-based fragment screening in several areas: as a key tool for rapid and sensitive detection of fragment hits, as a method for the rapid development of structure–activity relationship (SAR) on the hit-to-lead path using in-house libraries and/or commercially available compounds, and as a quick and efficient means of assessing t...
IMMUNOGLOBULIN SUBCLASSES IN NORMAL CHILDREN

Summary: The range, mean, and normal bounds of serum IgG 1-4 subclass concentrations in children 0-16 years old are given. Levels increase with age, plateauing at different ages. Definition of the normal range will permit better identification of individuals with either low or high levels. Speculation: These studies, by defining the range of γG1, γG2, γG3, and γG4 levels in normal individuals, will help further define who is hypo-gammaglobulinemic.
Tropomodulins and tropomyosins: working as a team

Actin filaments are major components of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells and are involved in vital cellular functions such as cell motility and muscle contraction. Tmod and TM are crucial constituents of the actin filament network, making their presence indispensable in living cells. Tropomyosin (TM) is an alpha-helical, coiled coil protein that covers the grooves of actin filaments and stabilizes them. Actin filament length is optimized by tropomodulin (Tmod), which caps the slow growing (pointed end) of thin filaments to inhibit polymerization or depolymerization. Tmod consists of two structurally distinct regions: the N-terminal and the C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains two TM-binding sites and one TM-dependent actin-binding site, whereas the C-terminal domain contains a TM-independent actin-binding site. Tmod binds to two TM molecules and at least one actin molecule during capping. The interaction of Tmod with TM is a key regulatory factor for actin filament organization. The binding efficacy of Tmod to TM is isoform-dependent. The affinities of Tmod/TM binding influence the proper localization and capping efficiency of Tmod at the pointed end of actin filaments in cells. Here we describe how a small difference in the sequence of the TM-binding sites of Tmod may result in dramatic change in localization of Tmod in muscle cells or morphology of non-muscle cells. We also suggest most promising directions to study and elucidate the role of Tmod-TM interaction in formation and maintenance of sarcomeric and cytoskeletal structure.
Effects of P50 temporal variability on sensory gating in schizophrenia

The conditioning-testing (S1-S2) P50 auditory evoked potential (EP) has been well-documented and accepted as an important tool for measuring sensory gating in schizophrenia research. However, the physiological mechanism of the phenomenon is not known. In this study a single-trial analysis was used to determine the influence of the latency variability of the responses in the formation of the averaged P50. Ten schizophrenic patients and 10 normal controls were tested in the dual-click EP paradigm. Using ensemble averaging analysis, we replicated the previous finding of a lower S1 P50 amplitude and higher S2/S1 ratio in schizophrenics compared with normal controls. The single-trial analysis revealed that patients had significantly higher trial-to-trial latency variability in S1 responses than normal subjects, while the S2 showed the same variability as in controls. Measured by the single-trial procedure, the arithmetic mean amplitudes of P50 responses to S1 and S2 were similar between normal and schizophrenic subjects. The same measure also eliminated the difference in averaged P50 amplitude between S1 and S2 for both groups. Temporal variability appears to be an important factor in the assessment of averaged EPs and thus contribute to the change of P50 amplitude observed in schizophrenia.
Lévy Processes in a Step 3 Nilpotent Lie Group

The infinitesimal generators of Levy processes in Euclidean space are pseudodifferential operators with symbols given by the Levy-Khintchine formula. This classical analysis relies heavily on Fourier analysis which, in the case when the state space is a Lie group, becomes much more subtle. Still the notion of pseudo-differential operators can be extended to connected, simply connected nilpotent Lie groups by employing the Weyl functional calculus. With respect to this definition, the generators of Levy processes in the simplest step 3 nilpotent Lie group G are pseudodifferential operators which admit Cc(G) as its core.
Fertilization rates and embryonic development in CD-1 mice fed fungal endophyte-infected tall fescue seed

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue (KY-31) seed (80% infected, containing Acremonium coenophialum ) on the fertilization rates and embryonic development of CD-1 mice. Twenty-four pairs of mature CD-1 mice were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments containing 40% mouse chow and 1) 60% noninfected tall fescue seed or 2) 60% infected tall fescue seed (w/w). The mice were preconditioned on their respective diets for 60 d prior to 96 h of cohabitation between pairs of males and females. Following the removal of the males, equal numbers of females (n = 4) from each dietary treatment were sacrificed at 80 h, 6 and 10 d after vaginal plug establishment. The female reproductive tracts were excised and flushed to recover eggs and embryos or dissected to identify the number and status of the implanted fetuses. The number of eggs-embryos and/or fetuses per mouse present at the time of sacrifice were 9.8, 8.8 and 11.5 vs 8.2, 5.3 and 4.8 for the mice fed the noninfected and infected fescue seeds, respectively. Similarly, the conception rates (%) were 100, 100 and 100 vs 73, 50 and 50 for the two treatments. The mice sacrificed at 80 h and fed the noninfected fescue had 9.8 expanded blastocysts per animal, whereas those fed the infected fescue had only 4.0 expanded blastocysts. The results suggest that the infected fescue seed consumed by these mice had a significant effect on fertilization rates. More importantly, the infected fescue seed influenced negatively the development of these embryos during the embryonic-preimplantation period.
Treatment of bladder cancer in cardiac transplant patients

We report a patient who presented with superficial bladder tumors 8 years after cardiac transplantation. He was managed conservatively with intra-vesical therapy for 5 years and ultimately underwent a successful radical cystoprostatectomy and urethrectomy 13 years after cardiac transplantation. This illustrates that cardiac transplant patients with superficial tumors may be managed with conservative therapies, but close vigilance is necessary to identify the opportune time for extirpative surgery.
Human Thioredoxin Reductase Gene Localization to Chromosomal Position 12q23–q24.1 and mRNA Distribution in Human Tissue

Thioredoxin reductase is a member of the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family of enzymes. By delivering reducing equivalents to thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase exerts control over a number of redox-sensitive factors in the cell, including ribonucleotide reductase and several transcription factors. We have localized the human thioredoxin gene to chromosomal position 12q23-q24.1 by in situ hybridization. We have also determined the relative tissue distribution of thioredoxin reductase mRNA as well as thioredoxin mRNA by probing a Northern blot of several human normal tissues.
Accurate Area, Time and Power Models for FPGA-Based Implementations

This paper presents accurate area, time, power estimation models for implementations using FPGAs from the Xilinx Virtex-2Pro family (Deng et al. 2008). These models are designed to facilitate efficient design space exploration in an automated algorithm-architecture codesign framework. Detailed models for estimating the number of slices, block RAMs and 18×18-bit multipliers for fixed point and floating point IP cores have been developed. These models are also utilized to develop power models that consider the effect of logic power, signal power, clock power and I/O power. Timing models have been developed to predict the latency of the fixed point and floating point IP cores. In all cases, the model coefficients have been derived by using curve fitting or regression analysis. The modeling error is quite small for single IP cores; the error for the area estimate, for instance, is on the average 0.95%. The error for fairly large examples such as floating point implementation of 8-point FFTs is also quite small; it is 1.87% for estimation of number of slices and 3.48% for estimation of power consumption. The proposed models have also been integrated into a hardware-software partitioning tool to facilitate design space exploration under area and time constraints.
Symbols of terror: The witch/vampire, the spider, and the shark.

Les auteurs font une etude precise des elements constitutifs de la teneur fantasmatique des enfants, adolescents et adultes en se focalisant sur les «sorcieres», les «araignees» et les «requins»
Stereotactic radiosurgery: at the threshold or at the crossroads?

ABSTRACTMORE THAN 15,000 patients worldwide have undergone stereotactic radiosurgery since the technique was first described in 1951. Over 6000 of these patients had arteriovenous malformations, usually relatively small. Increasingly, patients with benign and malignant brain tumors have had radiosur
Topology Aware Hybrid Channel Access using Virtual MIMO

We propose the topology-aware hybrid channel access using virtual MIMO protocol (THAMP). In THAMP, nodes build the channel schedule in a distributed fashion based on the topology information and utilize different antenna gains of virtual MIMO links. Through the joint utilization of spatial diversity gain and spatial multiplexing gain at different nodes, THAMP increases the spatial reuse of the system and reduces the possible collisions of control packets. Simulation results show that THAMP can achieve a better performance than a contention-based MAC protocol using MIMO links.
Specificity of gingival plasma cells for bacterial somatic antigens

Human gingival tissue biopsies were classified as “initial or early” or “established or advanced” periodontal lesions on the basis of the histopathological criteria of Page and Schroeder (1976). The percentage of plasma cells in each specimen that could recognize somatic antigens associated with one of four bacterial strains was then determined by incubating frozen sections of the gingiva with rhodamine-labeled bacterial cells. The sections were also briefly incubated with a fluorescein-labeled antibody to human immunoglobulins to facilitate plasma cell detection. Of the bacterial strains tested (Bacteriodes gingivslis, Actinomyces viscosus strains ATCC 27044 and T14–V, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans). only B. gingivalis was found to bind to a significantly higher percentage of plasma cells in the more advanced lesions as compared with the earlier lesions (16.3 % versus 3.7 %). These results suggest an important role for somatic antigens associated with B. gingivalis in the immunopathogenesis of human periodontitis.
Maturation of follicle-stimulating hormone gonadotropes during the rat estrous cycle

FSH mRNA is transcribed after the onset of high FSH secretion during proestrus and estrus. Pituitary cell fractions separated by size and density were studied to determine if expression of FSH mRNA activity was predominantly in one subset during the estrous cycle and to determine the source and significance of "silent FSH" cells that secrete FSH, but store too little for detection. Pituitary cells were separated by centrifugal elutriation, plated, and then exposed to 0.1-1 nM [D-Lys6]GnRH for 3 h. Media were assayed for FSH by RIA, and the cells were fixed for immunocytochemistry or in situ hybridization. The percentages of immunoreactive FSH cells in unseparated populations increased from 8% at metestrus to 12% during proestrus. Percentages of cells with FSH beta mRNA showed the same rise; however, peak levels were higher (17%) during proestrus and estrus. Small cells with FSH beta mRNA were more frequent than those with antigens early in the cycle. The largest cell fractions contained 38-44% immunoreact...
The Effect of the Preparation Condition of TiO2 Colloids on Their Surface Structures

Hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 colloids is based on hydrolysis and pressure treatment of titanium isopropoxide precursor in acidic solutions. The influence of the use of nitric and acetic acids during the synthesis was studied, showing a significant effect on the colloid crystal structure. Both dark-field TEM and phase transformation temperature measurements indicate that the colloids prepared in acetic acid contain more of the {101} face compared with the colloids prepared in nitric acid. The surface structure difference affects the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells that consist of electrodes made from these colloids. Better performance is achieved using the colloids prepared in nitric acid, indicating the importance of controlled colloid fabrication for higher conversion efficiencies.
Sexuality and Disability in the Lives of Women with Intellectual Disabilities

This ethnography explored how sexuality was experienced among 14 adult women with intellectual disabilities. Data were gathered through interviews and observations specifically to learn how the women talked about their sexuality, and how sexuality functioned in their lives. Results discussed in this article indicate that most of the women functioned within disability centered environments without having a disability identity; most women expressed an adult identity that resulted in their expectations of sexual autonomy; and most women experienced sexuality limitations because of protective policies and programs. Discussion includes implications for sexuality supports for women with intellectual disabilities.
Virulence protein export systems in Salmonella and Shigella: a new family or lost relatives?

Abstract A number of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens secrete ‘virulence determinants' directly into the extracellular medium, where they interact with host cells to promote disease. The study of the secretion machinery used by these organisms to transport specific virulence determinants out to the cell surface and beyond is of growing importance in the field of bacterial pathogenesis. Elements of the secretion machinery are shared by several pathogens. These homologous elements may lead to a better understanding of how the machinery works, but the unique elements will tell us more about what distinguishes one bacterial pathogen from another.
New model for slow current drift in InP metal‐insulator‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors

The drift in channel current of SiO2/InP metal‐insulator‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors has been calculated using a model in which electrons thermionically tunnel to a conducting layer of In2O3 within the native oxide at the interface. Calculations based on this model using reasonable values for the interface parameters are in good agreement with experimental data. The model differs from previous drift models in that trapping occurs between bulklike materials and not through discrete trap levels and is based on physical evidence for the structure of the SiO2/InP interface.
The Desired Number of Sexual Partners as a Function of Gender, Sexual Risks, and the Meaning of “Ideal”

The present research investigated gender differences in the ideally desired number of sex partners, examining several different kinds of "ideals." In two separate samples, participants were a) first asked to report their ideal number of desired sex partners - identified as a Nonspecific Ideal; b) next, they responded after considering some of the health and social risks, and the opportunity limitations, associated with sexual activity--a Pragmatic Ideal; and c) finally, participants reported their ideal number of sex partners after imagining the removal of these risks and limitations--a Hedonic Ideal. For both samples, there were significant mean, but no median, gender differences for the Nonspecific Ideal, replicating what has been found in some previous research. However, when risks were explicitly identified (in the present Pragmatic and Hedonic Ideal conditions), significant mean and median gender differences emerged: typically, men desired multiple sex partners, whereas women were consistently interested in a single sex partner, regardless of the risks or opportunities involved.
Sub-Centimeter Precision Orbit Determination with GPS for Ocean Altimetry

We assess the accuracy of JPL's estimated OSTM/Jason-2 Global Positioning System (GPS)-determined orbits based on residuals to independent satellite laser ranging (SLR) data, compared with orbits produced by different software from different data (SLR/DORIS), Geophysical Data Record version C (GDR-C) orbits, and altimeter crossover tests. All of these tests are consistent with sub-cm radial accuracy: high elevation SLR residual standard deviation lies at 6.8 mm, RMS differences from GDR-C in the radial component typically fall below a cm, and altimeter crossovers from JPL orbits have a variance 89 mm2 smaller than altimeter crossovers from GDR-C orbits. Although RMS differences between radial components of different orbit solutions typically lie below a cm, we observe systematic dependences on both time and geography. The improved precision and accuracy of JPL's OSTM/Jason-2 orbit solutions rely on a new algorithm for applying constraints to integer carrier phase ambiguities. This algorithm is sufficientl...
Reducing risk exposures to zero and not having multiple partners: findings that inform evidence-based practices designed to prevent STD acquisition

Our objective was to assess prospectively the relative contribution of reducing penile–vaginal risk exposure to zero and limiting the number of sex partners to one, on the acquisition of biologically confirmed sexually transmitted disease (STD) among African American women adolescents.Data from a prospective cohort of 522 African American women adolescents enrolled in an HIV prevention trial were used. Baseline STD testing and single-dose directly observable treatment provided an infection-free cohort, who were followed and assessed at six-month intervals.Self-administered vaginal swab specimens were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Trichomonas vaginalis at baseline, six, 12, and 18 months. Frequency of having multiple sex partners and unprotected vaginal sex over each six-month assessment interval was measured.Adolescents who reported multiple sex partners, relative to only one partner, were more likely to test positive for an STD (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.9; P = 0.0001)....
Enhanced field emission from multi-walled carbon nanotubes grown on pure copper substrate

An efficient CNT-based field emitter was prepared on a Cu substrate using thermal chemical vapor deposition. Field emission characterization of the emitter showed a very low turn-on field, high emission current, long time stability and good resistance to degradation in high-field, long-time exposure. These superior field emission characteristics are attributed to a lower contact barrier and higher conductivity of the substrate. High resolution transmission electron microscope analysis showed the presence of a conducting phase, TiC, at the metal-CNT interface, providing a low contact resistance barrier.
Reactivity to being photographed: An invasion of personal space

Although much anecdotal evidence exists about human subjects’ reactivity to being photographed, this behavior has been little examined. The present study was a field experiment in which unaccompanied members of an American university community had their photographs taken by a photographer unfamiliar to them. The results indicate that subjects react to having their photographs taken as an invasion of personal space, frequently responding with displays of submission.
Diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertension in systemic sclerosis

Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) can develop pulmonary hypertension (PH; mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥ 25 mm Hg) caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), left ventricular disease, or pulmonary fibrosis. PAH is a pulmonary vascular disease, the diagnosis of which requires pulmonary capillary wedge pressure less than 15 mm Hg, pulmonary vascular resistance greater than 3 Wood Units, and exclusion of thromboembolism and parenchymal lung disease. Molecular mechanisms underlying PAH-SSc include activation of inflammatory and fibrogenic pathways in the vasculature and right ventricle. Circulating autoantibodies trigger endothelial damage and fibroblast activation. PAH most commonly occurs as a late complication in patients with limited cutaneous disease and anticentromere antibodies. Although echocardiography is a useful screening tool, heart catheterization is required to diagnose PAH before initiating therapy. Prognosis and therapeutic response are worse in PAH-SSc than in other PAH categories (median survival, 1–3 y). Approved therapies include prostacyclins, endothelin antagonists, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Research is needed to define disease mechanisms and develop effective therapies.
Prospective Predictors of Novel Tobacco and Nicotine Product Use in Emerging Adulthood

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate whether risk factors for cigarette smoking assessed in adolescence predict the use of novel tobacco and nicotine products (hookah, little cigars, and e-cigarettes) in early emerging adulthood. Methods In a longitudinal study (N = 862), risk factors were measured in middle and high school, and novel product use was measured in emerging adulthood (mean age 22.4 years). Structural equation modeling was used to test a model predicting lifetime use of any of hookah, little cigars, and e-cigarettes in early emerging adulthood from distal predictors (gender, maternal smoking through Grade 8; already tried alcohol, cigarettes, or marijuana by Grade 8; and sensation seeking at Grade 8) and potential mediators (intentions to smoke cigarettes, drink alcohol or smoke marijuana at Grade 9, and smoking trajectory across high school). Results The most prevalent novel tobacco product was hookah (21.7%), followed by little cigars (16.8%) and e-cigarettes (6.6%). Maternal smoking, having already tried substances, and sensation seeking each predicted the use of at least one of these products via an indirect path through intentions to use substances and membership in a high-school smoking trajectory. Conclusions Risk factors for cigarette smoking were found to predict novel tobacco use, suggesting that interventions to prevent cigarette smoking could be extended to include common novel tobacco products.
The cardiovascular effects of anticholinergic agents administered during halothane anaesthesia in children

The cardiovascular effects of anticholinergic agents administered during halothane anaesthesia were studied in 31 children aged 1-12 years undergoing peripheral orthopaedic surgery. Either normal saline, glycopyrrolate (10 micrograms.kg-1) or atropine (20 micrograms.kg-1) was administered in randomized double-blind fashion during the induction of anaesthesia with halothane while the electrocardiogram was continuously recorded. After induction, the children were paralyzed with atracurium, intubated, and ventilated. Anaesthesia was maintained with N2O/O2 and halothane (up to 2.5% inspired). The concentrations of expired CO2 and halothane were measured continuously using mass spectrometry. Sixty-one percent (19/31) of the children developed one or more dysrhythmias. Junctional rhythm occurred in 74% (14/19) of the children with dysrhythmias, developed early during induction (mean +/- s.d. time = 2.29 +/- 2.0 min after commencement of induction), and usually resolved before the administration of the study drug (8/14). All dysrhythmias initially occurred before or during induction and none developed during intubation, during incision, during the maintenance of anaesthesia, or after the administration of anticholinergic agents. The data suggest that: 1) a combination of factors present during halothane induction is highly dysrhythmogenic especially for junctional rhythm; 2) junctional rhythm will resolve spontaneously; 3) the administration of an anticholinergic agent during halothane induction is safe but may be unnecessary in children greater than 1 year of age; and 4) the dysrhythmogenic factors present during induction are attenuated during the maintenance of halothane anaesthesia.
STUDIES ON BLOOD COAGULATION : III. ON THE CONSTANCY OF THE HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION DURING THE COAGULATION OF FIBRINOGEN BY THROMBIN

The coagulation of fibrinogen by thrombin does not involve a significant shift in the hydrogen ion concentration of the free fluid.
Do phreatomagmatic eruptions at Ubehebe Crater (Death Valley, California) relate to a wetter than present hydro‐climate?

of the region. A novel application of 10 Be surface exposure dating is presented to determine the timing of phreatomagmatic eruptions at Ubehebe Crater and to test the idea that volcanism may relate to a wetter than present hydro-climate. Twelve of the fifteen ages obtained lie between 0.8 and 2.1 ka, while three samples give older, mid-Holocene ages. The cluster between 0.8 and 2.1 ka is interpreted as encompassing the intervalof volcanicactivityduringwhich Ubehebe Crater was formed. The remaining older ages are inferred to date eruptions at the older neighboring craters. The main and most recent period of activity encompasses the Medieval Warm Period, an interval of prolonged drought in the American southwest, as well as slightly wetter conditions prior to the Medieval Warm Period. Phreatomagmatic activity under varied hydrologic conditions casts doubt on the idea that eruptive timing relates to a wetter hydro-climate. Instead, the presence of a relatively shallow modern water table suggests that sufficient groundwater was generally available for phreatomagmatic eruptions at the Ubehebe site, in spite of prevailing arid conditions. This and the youth of the most recent activity suggest that the Ubehebe volcanic field may constitute a more significant hazard than generally appreciated. Citation: Sasnett, P., B. M. Goehring, N. Christie-Blick, and J. M. Schaefer (2012), Do phreatomagmatic eruptions at Ubehebe Crater (Death Valley, California) relate to a wetter than present hydro-climate?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L02401,
Mentoring Students with Mild Disabilities: The "Nuts and Bolts" of Program Development

Mentorship programs, in which volunteers from the community are paired with students, have proven to be a practical solution for students with academic and behavior problems. Youngsters participating in mentoring programs have higher self-esteem, higher grade point averages, better attendance, and fewer suspensions. A mentorship program requires teamwork between the community and the school, yielding favorable results for students and professionals alike. The information presented in this article provides step-by-step guidelines for developing a mentoring program for students with disabilities.
Honduras's Teatro La Fragua: The Many Faces of Political Theatre

From 1979 to the present day, this theatre, founded by an American Jesuit, has been a very strong liberatory force in a Honduras that remains a neo-feudal society. La Fragua bases its work on what its director Jack Warner avows are the four needs of human beings: food, shelter, prayer, and art.
Cause or Consequence? Suburbanization and Crime in U.S. Metropolitan Areas

Inner-city crime is a motivating factor for middle-class flight. Therefore, crime is a cause of suburbanization. Movement of the middle and upper classes to the suburbs, in turn, isolates the poor in central-city ghettos and barrios. Sociologists and criminologists have argued that the concentration of poverty creates an environment within which criminal behavior becomes normative, leading impressionable youth to adopt criminal lifestyles. Moreover, from the perspective of routine activity theory, the deterioration of social capital in high-poverty areas reduces the capacity for guardianship. Therefore, suburbanization may also cause crime. The authors argue that prior research has not distinguished between the causal and compositional effects of suburbanization on crime. They show that the causal component can be identified by linking metropolitan-level crime rates, rather than central-city crime rates, to measures of suburbanization. Using Uniform Crime Reports and census data from 2000, they find a pos...
Optically induced magnetization in homogeneous, undoped dielectric media: erratum

A speculative remark in an earlier paper on transverse optical magnetism is corrected and several subtleties of the analysis are clarified.