cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Momentary and personal characteristics predicting maternal fruit and vegetable preparation for children using ecological momentary assessment.

Abstract A large body of literature on child-focused research regarding healthy eating within the family context has focused on behavioral management strategies, such as reinforcement, or parental modeling through personal intake or encouragement. However, food preparation behaviors among mothers have been understudied. Also unknown is how maternal food preparation behaviors vary across population subgroups and contexts. The study objective was to elucidate momentary characteristics (i.e., time of day, weekday, and family meals) and personal characteristics (i.e., ethnicity, working status, household characteristics, body mass index, income, and child's age) associated with maternal fruit and vegetable (F/V) preparation through ecological momentary assessment (EMA). 186 mothers (Mage = 40.81) of children (Mage = 9.61, 49.5% female) completed six semi-annual waves, each lasting seven days. Mothers completed up to eight EMA surveys a day, which assessed family meals and F/V preparation, and reported personal characteristics through paper questionnaires. Multilevel generalized estimating equations examined the likelihood of F/V preparation. Momentary, within-day characteristics (i.e., occurrence of family meals, weekdays, afternoons) were associated with greater likelihood of mothers' fresh F/V preparation (ps
Association Between Obesity and Histological Tumor Budding in Patients With Nonmetastatic Colon Cancer.

Importance Obesity is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and a more aggressive disease course. Tumor budding (TB) is an important prognostic factor for CRC, but its association with obesity is unknown. Objective To evaluate the association of TB with obesity and other prognostic factors in colon cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study involved a histological review of colon cancer specimens obtained during 7 years (January 2008 to December 2015) at the University of Kentucky Medical Center; data analysis was conducted from February 2020 to January 2021. Specimens came from 200 patients with stage I to III colon cancer; patients with stage 0, stage IV, or incomplete data were excluded. Main Outcomes and Measures TB was defined as 1 to 4 malignant cells at the invasive edge of the tumor, independently assessed by 2 academic pathologists. The primary outcome was the association of TB with obesity (defined as body mass index [BMI] of 30 or greater). Secondary outcomes include the association of TB with clinical features (ie, age, race, sex, TNM stage, tumor location) and pathological features (ie, poorly differentiated tumor clusters [PDCs], Klintrup-Makinen inflammatory score, desmoplasia, infiltrative tumor border, tumor necrosis, and tumor-to-stroma ratio). Results A total of 200 specimens were reviewed. The median (interquartile range) age of patients was 62 (55-72) years, 102 (51.0%) were women, and the mean (SD) BMI was 28.5 (8.4). A total of 57 specimens (28.5%) were from stage I tumors; 74 (37.0%), stage II; and 69 (34.5%), stage III. Of these, 97 (48.5%) had low-grade (<5 buds), 36 (18.0%) had intermediate-grade (5-9 buds), and 67 (33.5%) had high-grade (≥10 buds) TB. Multivariable analysis adjusting for clinical and histological factors demonstrated that higher TB grade was associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR], 4.25; 95% CI, 1.95-9.26), higher PDC grade (grade 2 vs 1: OR, 9.14; 95% CI, 3.49-23.93; grade 3 vs 1: OR, 5.10; 95% CI, 2.30-11.27), increased infiltrative tumor border (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04), cecal location (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.09-5.97), and higher stage (eg, stage III vs stage I for high-grade or intermediate-grade vs low-grade TB: OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.00-8.49). Additionally, patients with a higher TB grade had worse overall survival (intermediate vs low TB: hazard ratio, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.11-4.35; log-rank P = .02; high vs low TB: hazard ratio, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.45-4.90; log-rank P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, a novel association between high TB grade and obesity was found. The association could reflect a systemic condition (ie, obesity) locally influencing aggressive growth (ie, high TB) in colon cancer.
Beyond the workflow: archivists’ aspirations for digital curation practices

The documentation of archival workflows plays an important role in digital curation practice. Capturing the various steps, tools, people, and software involved at different stages, workflow documentation visually represents complex activities, and at times, invisible labor. In this article, we reflect on findings from the OSSArcFlow project, a three-year, grant-funded initiative to investigate and document workflow activities of 12 cultural heritage institutions using three open-source software systems. Building on previously published research on documentation of current digital curation practices, this article reflects on the challenges the project team encountered in modeling archivists’ aspirations for their workflows. While current practices could be accurately represented in linear process models, archivists’ aspirations for how they might advance digital curation practices extended beyond adding or changing discrete workflow steps and often involved sociotechnical factors that could not be easily mapped. This article presents a taxonomy of archivists’ aspirations for their born-digital archives, grouping these goals together around major themes that emerged throughout the research. Our findings show that workflow documentation is an essential artifact in helping archivists to understand gaps and challenges in their current workflows and to imagine the further development of digital curation tools, systems, and practices. Project participants especially benefited from engaging in this reflection on workflow documentation as part of a community of practitioners, with the opportunity to compare across institutional contexts.
Globalización y construcción social del territorio. Reflexiones sobre la gobernabilidad y la planificación de las ciudades

Based on recent attempts within social theory to dissolve the analytical distinction between local and global processes, this paper argues that processes of social interaction reveal and reproduce social power relations. Advancing our understanding of these processes appears essential to broaden the methodological tools available to geographers interested in managing the territory.
Comparison of Balance Recovery Among Current Control Strategies for Robotic Leg Prostheses

Over the past two decades, a number of control strategies have been developed for powered transfemoral prostheses. These strategies have in common that they help restore gait in amputee locomotion. However, it remains unclear how well they support balance recovery after disturbances. Here, we first present a comparison of balance recovery performance among current controls for powered transfemoral when their users are subjected to unexpected ground slips. While some controls perform better than others in this comparison, they all suffer from a limited awareness of both the environment and the user’s intent, which inevitably leads to catastrophic failures and eventual falls. We then introduce our current efforts toward more interactive prosthesis controls that continuously adapt to changes in the environment and user intent. In initial work, we find that such continuous adaptations substantially improve gait robustness, encouraging a more aggressive research agenda toward real-time reactive leg prosthesis controls.
Aircraft Noise: Fugitive Factor in Land Use

Aircraft noise, a concomitant of expanded operations at major airports, has overspread large portions of metropolitan areas. Influence of aircraft noise may amount to environmental blight because of interference with sleep, recreation, education, and other activities in neighborhoods once thought to be beyond the zone of airport influence. Relief from severe noise exposure is obtainable through both remedial and preventive land use planning followed by appropriate community action. Remedial planning involves programming redevelopment of occupied land to eliminate noise-sensitive uses in exposure zones. Preventive planning applies available methods for predicting the extent of future high-noise zones and prescribes appropriate development restrictions. A combination of preventive and remedial planning is needed to deal with noise-exposure problems in the environs of many major airports; both approaches need improved public understanding and support to relieve worsening conditions.
Phosphinoalkylidene and -alkylidyne Complexes of Titanium: Intermolecular C-H Bond Activation and Dehydrogenation Reactions.

The ethylene complex (PNP)Ti(η2-H2C═CH2)(CH2tBu) or (PNP)Ti═CHtBu(CH2tBu) (PNP– = N[2-P(CHMe2)2-4-methylphenyl]2) reacts with H2CPPh3 to form the κ2-phosphinoalkylidene (PNP)Ti═CHPPh2(Ph) (1). Compound 1 activates benzene via the transient intermediate [(PNP)Ti≡CPPh2] (C). By treatment of (PNP)Ti═CHtBu(OTf) with LiCH2PPh2, 1 or its isotopologue (PNP)Ti═CDPPh2(C6D5) (1-d6) can be produced by an independent route involving intermediate C, which activates benzene or benzene-d6 and dehydrogenates cyclohexane-d12. Addition of MeOTf to 1 results in elimination of benzene concomitant with the formation of the phosphonioalkylidyne complex, [(PNP)Ti≡CPPh2Me(OTf) (2). Theoretical studies of 2 suggest a resonance structure having dominant Ti–C triple-bond character with some contribution also from a C–P multiple bond.
An Automated Reagent‐Addition System with an Infrared Drop Detector

The design and implementation of a computer-controlled automated reagent-addition system is presented. A special feature is the use of an infrared drop detector to sense that a drop of the titrant has indeed been added to the titrate. This system is particularly useful for the determination of stability constants of metal complexes. The operational procedure is briefly discussed and examples are given to show that reproducible results are obtained.
A High-Efficiency, Miniaturized Sensor Node With 3-D Machined-Substrate Antennas for Embedded Wireless Monitoring

This paper presents a compact, energy-efficient, passive, and wireless vibration sensor node for embedded monitoring. The narrowband radio frequency (RF) communication system employs a frequency doubler on the sensor node to return the second harmonic of the interrogation signal. The compactness and high efficiency of the node are achieved by employing 3-D, machined-substrate small antennas on the transceiver. The node operates by receiving a signal at 2.4 GHz and reradiating a modulated signal at 4.8 GHz, and is optimized for an RF input power between −30 and −20 dBm. The node fits within a 21-mm diameter sphere ( $ {\lambda } /6$ at 2.4 GHz) and its measured efficiency is 10% at −20-dBm input power. A commercial piezoelectric vibration sensor and mechanical switches are used to modulate the return signal. Experimental tests show that vibrations of <0.1-Hz frequency and 0.01-g amplitude can be detected. The communication range is greater than 60 m using a 43-dBm effective isotropic radiated power transmitter.
Characterization of a cDNA encoding a manganese peroxidase, from the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Abstract A cDNA clone of a manganese peroxidase (MnP) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was isolated and characterized. The cDNA contains 1314 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tail and the coding region has 68% G + C content. The deduced mature MnP protein contains 357 amino acids and is preceded by a 21-amino acid leader sequence. The experimentally determined N-terminal sequence of the purified MnP-1 protein, pI = 4.9, corresponds to the deduced N-terminal sequence of the gene. The Mr of the mature MnP-1 deduced from the cDNA is 37,439, which is approximately 81.4% of the experimentally determined molecular weight. The difference is due to glycosylation and a single potential N-glycosylation site with the general sequence Asn-X-Thr/Ser is present in the deduced MnP-1 sequence. Consistent with the peroxidase mechanism of MnP, the proximal histidine, the distal histidine, and the distal arginine are all conserved and regions flanking these residues display homology with other peroxidases. Northern blot analysis indicates that MnP expression is controlled by nutrient nitrogen at the level of transcription. Southern blot hybridization analysis suggests that MnP-1 is a member of a family of MnP genes.
Differentiation genes: are they primary targets for human carcinogenesis?

In spite of extensive research in molecular carcinogenesis, genes that can be considered primary targets in human carcinogenesis remain to be identified. Mutated oncogenes or cellular growth regulatory genes, when incorporated into normal human epithelial cells, failed to Immortalize or transform these cells. Therefore, they may be secondary events In human carcinogenesis. Based on some experimental studies we have proposed that downregulation of a differentiation gene may be the Primary event in human carcinogenesis. Such a gene could be referred to as a tumor-initiating gene. Downregulation of a differentiation gene can be accomplished by a mutation in the differentiation gene, by activation of differentiation suppressor genes, and by inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Downregulation of a differentiation gene can lead to immortalization of normal cells. Mutations in cellular proto-oncogenes, growth regulatory genes, and tumor suppressor genes in immortalized cells can lead to transformation. Such g...
Occipital condyle fracture in a patient with occipitalisation of the atlas.

Occipital condyle fractures and occipitalisation of the atlas are rare entities of the craniocervical junction. To the best of our knowledge, a patient presenting with a traumatic occipital condyle fracture and pre-existing occipitalisation of the atlas has not been previously reported. We report the case of a 79-year-old man presenting with an Anderson and Montesano type III fracture through a fused occipital condyle and lateral mass. This fracture was noted to extend into the transverse foramen and the C1–C2 joint space. The transverse ligament and ligamentum flavum were calcified but not disrupted and the atlantodental interval was within normal limits. The neurological examination was unremarkable with the exception of neck pain. The patient was treated conservatively and placed in a rigid cervical collar for 10 weeks with serial CT studies to monitor healing of the fracture. At 4 months of follow-up, the patient was pain free with nearly complete resolution of his occipital condyle fracture.
Does Increased Sexual Frequency Enhance Happiness

Abstract Prior research observing a positive correlation between happiness and sexual frequency has not been able to determine whether increased frequency leads, causally, to an increase in happiness. We present results from the first experimental study to address the question of causality. We recruited couples and randomly assigned half to double their frequency of intercourse. We find that increased frequency does not lead to increased happiness, perhaps because it leads to a decline in wanting for, and enjoyment of, sex.
Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia in Systemic Sclerosis

Gastric antral vascular ectasia is a not so well-understood, and more rare, gastrointestinal manifestation of Systemic Sclerosis which can lead to chronic anemia. A high suspicion and better understanding of this rare manifestation is needed for early detection and treatment. Therapeutic regiments include iron supplementation with acid suppressive therapy, while endoscopic intervention has been shown to be successful in most cases, with gastrectomy or antrectomy rarely needed.
To Distract or Not to Distract: An Algorithm for Airway Management in Isolated Pierre Robin Sequence

Approaches advocated for treatment of airway obstruction among neonates with Pierre Robin sequence include positioning, tongue-lip adhesion, mandibular distraction, and tracheostomy, with no established guidelines regarding which modality is appropriate for a specific patient. This report proposes a
On the relativistic simple shear of a slab of neo-Hookean material

Abstract This paper presents a solution to the problem of relativistic simple shear of a slab of neo-Hookean material.
PET scan assessment of chemotherapy response in metastatic paraganglioma.

Paragangliomas are indolent tumors that arise from the chief cells of the paraganglia in the head and neck, mediastinum, and retroperitoneal regions. Less than 10% of paragangliomas metastasize. Paragangliomas are known to regress slowly and usually partially after radiation therapy, which has been attributed to the development of fibrosis within the abundant vascular elements of the tumor. Positron emission tomography (PET) scanning was used to monitor a 33-year-old woman with recurrent paraganglioma of the carotid body with lung and bone metastases before and after chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and dacarbazine. The patient derived clinical benefit from chemotherapy, with marked improvement of her systemic and respiratory symptoms, improvement of cancer-related anemia, and normalization of chromogranin A levels. A response was demonstrated on PET scan with decreased [ 18 F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake after chemotherapy, but no significant changes were detected on serial computed tomography (CT) scans. The patient has remained free of disease progression 24 months after chemotherapy completion. It is suggested that metabolic imaging with PET scans is superior to anatomical imaging with CT scans for the monitoring of patients with paragangliomas.
Wind Patterns over a Heliostat Field

Abstract Heliostats constitute a major portion of the direct costs of a concentrating solar power tower plant. As a result, a significant amount of effort is being focused on designing and developing cheaper heliostats. The optical and structural performance of these new and existing heliostats under dynamic wind loads must be characterized and understood in order to meet both cost and performance objectives. This paper presents the second phase of a U.S. DOE-sponsored program at Sandia National Laboratories’ National Solar Thermal Test Facility (NSTTF) that includes dynamic testing and analysis of multiple full-scale heliostats. The objectives of these tests and analyses are to characterize and understand some differences in the impacts of dynamic wind loads on heliostat strain and cyclic fatigue between perimeter and inner-field heliostats. A weather tower with three tri-axial ultrasonic anemometers has been erected just outside the field to measure the approaching boundary winds, while a portable tower was set up to characterize wind velocities and turbulence between subsequent rows within the field. Anemometers have also been mounted to some heliostats to gather close range measurement of turbulence and wind frequencies and to provide a point of comparison for computational fluid dynamics models of wind flow over the field. This paper presents mean wind speeds and wind loads on heliostats as a function of field position. The calculated mean wind loads were used to assess the mean wind-load reduction correlation of Peterka [1] .
Thresholds of Convective Raman Backscattering: Effects of ∇ n , Thomson Scattering, Noise, Collisions, and Landau Damping

Using kinetic simulations we find that Raman backscattering can exist for laser intensities a factor 2..pi.. lower than the density gradient (deln) threshold and that Thomson scattering can account for backscattering signals even lower. In addition, kinetic, collisional simulations show that laser intensities > or approx. =3--10 times the electron-ion collisional threshold are needed for significant Raman absorption. Collisions can also reduce the heat electron temperatures for delnnot =0.
Changes in wetlands on nonfederal rural land of the conterminous United States from 1982 to 1987

Recent wetland area trends were estimated from the National Resources Inventory (NRI) for nonfederal rural lands for the period 1982–1987. NRI-based estimates of wetland area for states comprising the conterminous United States were highly correlated with estimates made by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and with estimates of coastal salt marsh wetlands made by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Net wetland area declined by 1.1% (≈363,200 ha) during the five-year study period. Conversion to open water, primarily caused by natural flooding in western inland basins, was responsible for altering extensive wetland areas (≈171,400 ha). Of the human-induced wetland conversions, urban and built-up land was responsible for 48% of the wetland loss, while agricultural development was indicated in 37% of the converted wetland area. A decrease in rural land, and increases in both population, and urban and built-up land were associated with wetland loss among states. Potential reasons for wetland loss were different in 20 coastal states than in 28 inland states. Proportionately, wetland loss due to development was three times greater in coastal states than inland states, while agriculturally induced wetland losses were similar in both groups. The proportionate declines of forested vs nonforested wetlands were not significantly different among states.
Taxonomic, nomenclatural, and faunistic records for species in tribes Melaenini, Moriomorphini, Pterostichini, Licinini, and Sphodrini (Coleoptera: Carabidae).

Mexyclothorax baehri , sp. n. (type locality: Papua New Guinea, West Sepik Province, summit of Mount Capella, 3960 m), Atrotus indicus , sp. n. (type locality: India, Nilgiri Hills, Coonoor env.), Microzargus pakistanus , sp. n. (type locality: Pakistan, Kaghan Valley, Shogran env.) and Pterostichus ( Oreophilus ) podgoricensis , sp. n. (type locality: Montenegro, Podgoritsa env.) are described. The following nomenclatural acts are proposed: Hexagonia vartianorum Jedlicka, 1967, syn. n. of Cymbionotum semirubricum (Reitter 1914); Poecilus ( Derus ) jarkendis (Jedlicka, 1965), comb. n. of Pterostichus ( Melanius ) jarkendis Jedlicka, 1965; Pterostichus ( Pseudorthomus ) namrun Jedlicka, 1963, syn. n. of Amphimasoreus amaroides Piochard de la Brulerie, 1875; Synuchus hummeli (Jedlicka, 1935), comb. n. of Pterostichus hummeli Jedlicka, 1935. In addition, new distributional records are recorded for Microzargus hartmanni Sciaky & Facchini, 1997, M . nepalensis Sciaki & Facchini, 1997 and Amphimasoreus amaroides .
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a questionnaire survey of 75 long-term care facilities in western New York.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of recognition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as an infection control problem and its prevalence among long-term care facilities, and to evaluate whether certain longterm care facility characteristics such as bed size, ownership, level of infection control activity, and frequency of resident transfers to acute care hospitals are related to the recognition or prevalence of MRSA in this setting. DESIGN: Questionnaire survey.
Congruence Revisited: Do 11 Indices Differentially Predict Job Satisfaction and Is the Relation Moderated by Person and Situation Variables?

Abstract We examined the relations of scores from 11 congruence indices to each other and to scores from 2 measures of job satisfaction for a large ( N = 483) and representative (172 occupations) sample of employed adults. None of the 22 correlations between the congruence indices and the job satisfaction measures was significant. Correlations between the 11 indices indicated a high degree of redundancy (median r = .73). The congruence–satisfaction relation varied as a function of Holland personality type, with the greatest relation found for Investigative persons (mean r = .21 between 11 congruence indices and 2 satisfaction measures); it was not affected substantially as a function of Holland Occupational Code. Sex, age, income, and years of education were unrelated to congruence. The results of this study are discussed in terms of previous research, implications for Holland's theory, and future research possibilities.
The City Quietly Remade: National Programs and Local Agendas in the Movement to Clear the Slums, 1942–1952

The case of St. Louis in the 1940s demonstrates the central importance of this decade in American urban history. To understand how planners and elected officials made such extensive use of federal funds in the 1950s and 1960s for public housing and urban renewal, we have to recast the 1940s as a critical period in the formation both of a new urban vision and of a political coalition emboldened to carry it out. Frustrated in their attempts to rebuild in brick and mortar, slum clearance advocates in St. Louis set about redefining the terms of debate over the future of the city itself. They mobilized behind a vision of the city at a crossroads, poised between progress and decay. Yet despite such stark rhetoric, slum clearance was not so much a technological or economic imperative, but a carefully assembled political agenda to remake the urban landscape.
Television review: Archetypal images in contemporary television: The mythology of doctor who

(1988). Television review: Archetypal images in contemporary television: The mythology of doctor who. The Humanistic Psychologist: Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 361-367.
A Metal−Organic Framework Functionalized with Free Carboxylic Acid Sites and Its Selective Binding of a Cl(H2O)4- Cluster

A metal−organic framework with one-dimensional channels decorated with −COOH binding sites was synthesized under aqueous acidic conditions, which inhibited the participation of these groups to metal coordination or self-association by hydrogen bonding. This material selectively includes Cl(H2O)4- clusters in its channels, as revealed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, which represents the first structural characterization of such a water−chloride cluster.
Partial Characterization of Antitumor Tannin Isolated fromCalycogonium squamulosum (Melastomataceae)

The active antitumor tannin from Calycogonium squamulosum was isolated and determined to be a tri-O-galloyl-D-glucose.
Risk classification and uncertainty propagation for virtual water distribution systems

Abstract While the secrecy of real water distribution system data is crucial, it poses difficulty for research as results cannot be publicized. This data includes topological layouts of pipe networks, pump operation schedules, and water demands. Therefore, a library of virtual water distribution systems can be an important research tool for comparative development of analytical methods. A virtual city, “Micropolis”, has been developed, including a comprehensive water distribution system, as a first entry into such a library. This virtual city of 5000 residents is fully described in both geographic information systems (GIS) and EPANet hydraulic model frameworks. A risk classification scheme and Monte Carlo analysis are employed for an attempted water supply contamination attack. Model inputs to be considered include uncertainties in: daily water demand, seasonal demand, initial storage tank levels, the time of day a contamination event is initiated, duration of contamination event, and contaminant quantity. Findings show that reasonable uncertainties in model inputs produce high variability in exposure levels. It is also shown that exposure level distributions experience noticeable sensitivities to population clusters within the contaminant spread area. High uncertainties in exposure patterns lead to greater resources needed for more effective mitigation strategies.
The Sociology of Celebrity

The sociology of celebrity (and its cousin, fame) is a relatively young field, despite having identifiable classical roots. While the topic was ignored by sociologists for many years, it has recently been taken up by both theorists and empirical researchers in sociology and a variety of related fields. In this article, I evaluate the current state of the field, and identify two major themes – celebrity as pathology and celebrity as commodity – that currently dominate the literature. In addition, I suggest additional research directions that I believe will help the field develop and mature; in particular, empirically grounded and meaning-oriented research that reflects the lived experiences of those who swim in the sea of celebrity culture everyday. What does celebrity mean to the people who produce it, consume it, engage with it and live it? To the extent that researchers take up these questions, the sociology of celebrity will continue to be a vibrant and vigorous area of study.
ESIPT-mediated Photocycloadditions of 3-Hydroxyquinolinones: Development of a Fluorescence Quenching Assay for Reaction Screening

Irradiation of 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxyquinolinone (DMQ) leads to excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) generating a 3-oxidoquinolinium species which undergoes [3 + 2] photocycloaddition with dipolarophiles. A parallel, fluorescence quenching assay using a microplate format has been developed to evaluate fluorescence quenching of this species with a range of dipolarophiles.
Calculation of rf field characteristics using non-perturbative optical diagnostics with a generalized dynamic Stark effect model

The dynamic Stark effect is a phenomenon in which photon(s) associated with an oscillating electric field are absorbed or emitted with the photon associated with an electronic transition. This multi-photon process leads to the formation of satellites in the spectrum at integer multiples of the frequency associated with the dynamic electric field. Utilizing the dynamic Stark effect the electric field parameters can be determined from the time-averaged and phase resolved optical emission spectra. The applicability of the dynamic Stark effect as a function of the frequency associated with the dynamic electric field will be discussed. Theoretical and experimental time-averaged and phase resolved optical emission spectra for hydrogen and helium will be compared. The capability of the dynamic Stark effect to extract the phase and magnitude of the harmonics associated with the dynamic electric field will be presented.
Theory of perpetual management accounting innovation lag in hierarchical organizations

Abstract Many researchers claim that management accounting innovations lag technological innovations, thus resulting in outdated management accounting systems that lead to suboptimal decision making. This manuscript examines the causes of management accounting innovation lag in organizations and develops a theory of perpetual accounting lag. Perpetual accounting lag theory is derived from the organizational failure framework and markets and hierarchies theory. The theory asserts that operation of an internal labor market within a hierarchical organization inhibits management accounting innovation.
Calculation of the quasi-energies and resonance behavior of the hydrogen Lyman-α problem

Recently, Bakshi and Kalman presented numerical results for the quasi-energies of the n = 2 multiplet in the hydrogen Lyman-alpha transition for a plasma in which both strong static and oscillating electric fields are present. Recent work on related magnetic and optical resonance problems provides a simplified mathematical treatment, as well as greater insight into the complex resonance behavior of this interaction.
The metabolism of anatabine to α,β-dipyridyl in Nicotiana species

Abstract α,β-Dipyridyl isolated from Nicotiana tabacum plants which had been fed anatabine-[2′- 14 C, 13 C], and then allowed to dry in air for 20 days was radioactive (82% specific incorporation)An examination of its 13 C NMR spectra established that it was enriched only at C-2, indicative of its direct formation from anatabineThe labelled anatabine was also fed to Nglauca and Nglutinosa plants, which were extracted immediately after harvestingIn these experiments no radioactive α,β-dipyridyl was detected, suggesting that α,β-dipyridyl is an artifact produced by the oxidation of anatabine in the drying leaves of tobaccoAnabasine isolated from the Nicotiana species which had been fed anatabine-[2′- 14 C, 13 C] was unlabelled, indicating that none of this alkaloid is formed by the reduction of anatabine.
SU-FF-T-79: Accurate and Efficient Monte Carlo Dose Calculation for Electron Beams

Purpose: To develop a Monte Carlo dose calculation engine for electron beams that is feasible for routine clinical treatment planning.Method and Materials: The dose calculation engine consists of a description of the clinical beams and a dose calculation module. A 12‐component multi‐source model was used to characterize the phase‐space of clinical beams. There are 6 components each for electrons and photons, corresponding to the 3 scrapers, x‐jaws, y‐jaws, and the direct component respectively. In addition, we have developed a method to account for the presence of an arbitrary shaped cutout by modifying the last component of the standard beam model. For the dose calculation module, implementation of the Super‐Monte Carlo method accelerates the calculation by using electron and photon tracks pre‐calculated in water to avoid the computationally intensive sampling processes. These tracks are replayed in the patient computermodel as defined by CT. To account for inhomogeneities, the step size and scattering angle were adjusted according to the CT voxel values and material indexes. The dose calculation engine was verified by comparing with film measurements in several different geometries. Results: The results agreed with film measurements to within 2–5% percent both in homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms. Our method is faster than the analog Monte Carlo calculation by a factor of 6 to 10 and is comparable in performance to a commercial system. The modified beam models for arbitrary cutouts can be derived in a few seconds. The disk storage for pre‐calculated tracks is about 5.5 GB and 125 MB for the standard beam models.Conclusion: The developed Monte Carlo calculation engine is accurate and efficient. The disk space and computational time required are well within clinical acceptability. It is a highly promising dose calculation tool for routine clinical applications. This work supported in part by NCI grant P01‐CA59017.
Dry Adhesion Based on Electrospun Polymer Nanofibers

Dry Adhesion exists between polymer nano/microfibers. An elaborate experiment was performed to directly measure the adhesion between electrospun poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) microfibers using a nano force tensile tester. Electrospun nano/microfibers with radius ranging from 0.2 to 1.1 μm were investigated. It was found that the adhesion force depended on the fiber radius following a linear relationship, which complied with the classical Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) contact mechanics model. The force increased with temperature and decreased with relative humidity between two fibers positioned in orthogonal directions. Our data suggested the van der Waals’ (vdW) interactions are primarily operative between the micro-/nano-fibers.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Absorption by the mouse and rat urinary bladder of glycine, tryptophan and glucose.

THE passage of drugs, dyes and inorganic ions through the mammalian urinary bladder has been the subject of many investigations1,2. However, few attempts have been made to ascertain if the mammalian bladder absorbs normally occurring, physiological components of urine, for example, amino-acids and sugars. It was observed3 during the course of investigations of the bladder carcinogenicity4 of certain urinary metabolites of the essential amino-acid, L-tryptophan, that nearly 90 per cent of the carbon-14 present in an aqueous solution of carbon-14-labelled 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine or 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, instilled directly into the mouse urinary bladder, was recovered after 24 h in the respiratory carbon dioxide, carcass, and faeces. These data suggested that other normally occurring urinary substances might also be absorbed by the bladder.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nifedipine in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension

The pharmacokinetics and associated pharmacodynamics of nifedipine were studied in nine children aged 5 to 68 mo with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary artery hypertension after a single oral dose of 1.44 mumol/kg (0.5 mg/kg). In the cardiac catheterization laboratory, hemodynamic measurements were made in duplicate just before the nifedipine dose and at 5 min and 0.5 and 1.0 h after the dose. The plasma nifedipine concentration was measured by HPLC at each of the above times and at 2.5, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 h after the dose. The mean (+/- SD) maximum plasma concentration and the time to maximum plasma concentration were 243.4 +/- 194.5 nmol/L and 1.0 +/- 0.8 h, respectively. The mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve was 761 +/- 509 nmol.h/L. The mean elimination rate constant and t1/2 were 0.456 +/- 0.194 h-1 and 1.8 +/- 0.8 h, respectively. Nifedipine caused a significant (p less than or equal to 0.05) reduction in the mean pulmonary artery pressure by 5 min and in the mean pulmonary vascular resistance index and mean aortic pressure by 30 min, and these reductions remained significant through the 1-h measurement interval. The magnitude of acute hemodynamic response correlated closely with the plasma nifedipine concentrations. No significant change occurred in the mean arterial oxygen saturation or cardiac index during the study period. The percentage changes from baseline in the mean pulmonary artery pressure and mean pulmonary vascular resistance index were approximately double the percentage change in the mean aortic pressure, suggesting that nifedipine had some degree of selective impact on the pulmonary vascular bed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Developmental expression of neurotypy revealed by immunocytochemistry with monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract Adult and developing rat cerebella were stained immunocytochemically with six neuron-specific monoclonal antibodies obtained from spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with hypothalamus. Monoclonal peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex was used in the staining procedure. In the adult, three different staining patterns were seen with these antibodies. The general patterns have been designated as (1) neurofibrillar, (2) perikaryal-neurofribillar, and (3) synapse-associated, in addition, each antibody within a designated group showed a different immunocytochemical distribution. Some antibodies reacted widely, for example, with many neuronal perikarya and fibers, and their distribution increased with the development of the brain. Other antibodies had a more restricted distribution and stained only some structures within an area or pathway. To account for this type of restriction of distribution, we propose that there may be microheterogneity of some of the antigens visualized and have called this microheterogeneity ‘neurotypy’. A second type of restriction was also observed. With several antibodies a loss of staining occurred in the adult cerebellum in structures that had reacted during early development. These differences in staining probably reflect developmental regulation of the antigens (neurotypes).
The Polls: Presidential Greatness as Seen in the Mass Public: An Extension and Application of the Simonton Model

I raise two questions in this article. In light of the scandals of the Clinton years, have the standards used to rate presidents changed or not? Second, do experts and informed citizens rate presidents similarly, and do they rely on the same criteria in their ratings? I use a C-SPAN poll administered in 2000 to experts, and through the Internet to the citizenry, as the data to address these questions. Results find great temporal stability in how presidents are rated. Furthermore, in applying a predictive model developed by Simonton, I find stability in the factors that predict presidential greatness ratings. In particular, experts and informed citizens rate presidents similarly and use similar criteria. Substantively, the most important and consistent predictor of presidential greatness is the number of years that the president served in office. This finding brings us full circle to a question that motivates much scholarship on the presidency: why do presidents get reelected for a second term?
Sucrose release from soybean leaf slices

The release of photosynthate from leaf slices of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Ransom II], to a bathing medium was studied to ascertain how p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid (PCMBS) can both stimulate and inhibit sucrose release. Soybean leaf slices released photosynthate to a bathing medium at a rate that was approximately linear with time. The photosynthate released was about 20% ionic and 80% non-ionic, and sucrose represented about 75% of the total. Removal of Ca2+ from the medium increased the rate of release of all fractions, but amino acid release showed the largest increase. Sucrose was released at a rate estimated to be about 20% of the normal transport rate in intact leaves. The rate of sucrose uptake from 5 mM sucrose into soybean leaf slices was optimum at pH 6.3, and the rate of sucrose release was lowest at the same pH. However, sucrose uptake was found to be insignificant during release experiments. Sucrose release, but not amino acid release, was inhibited 75% by 1 mM PCMBS. The data support two components of sucrose release in leaves. The first is insensitive to the addition of PCMBS. This component probably represents leakage from phloem tissue. The second component is inhibited by PCMBS and probably represents release from the mesophyll. By comparing sucrose release from leaf slices of 12 different species of plants, 2 groups were found. In the first group, sucrose release was inhibited between 60 and 80% by PCMBS, and in the second group between 0% and 40%. The difference in the two groups can be explained by a relative difference in the size of the two components of sucrose release for each species.
Parts, assembly and operation of the RIG-I family of motors

Host cell invasion is monitored by a series of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that activate the innate immune machinery upon detection of a cognate pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP). The RIG-I like receptor (RLR) family of PRRs includes three proteins--RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2--responsible for the detection of intracellular pathogenic RNA. All RLR proteins are built around an ATPase core homologous to those found in canonical Superfamily 2 (SF2) RNA helicases, which has been modified through the addition of novel accessory domains to recognize duplex RNA. This review focuses on the structural bases for pathogen-specific dsRNA binding and ATPase activation in RLRs, differential RNA recognition by RLR family members, and implications for other duplex RNA activated ATPases, such as Dicer.
Hydrosulfite reduction of N‐nitroso‐1,2,3,4‐etrahydroisoquinolines and oxidation of N‐amino‐l,2,3,4 tetrahydroisoquinolines

The sodium hydrosulfite reduction of N-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (5) does not result in the loss of nitrogen and leads to the corresponding hydrazine 6 which upon oxidation with mercuric oxide in ethanol at 62° gives the hexahydrotetrazine 7 in 39% yield. Treatment of the N-tosyl derivative of 6 with base affords 7 in nearly quanitative yield. Oxidation of 6 in 1-butanol at 95° results in the formation of a complex product mixture from which only one component, 1,1′-azobis-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline (8) could be isolated. Surprisingly the sodium hydrosulfite reduction of 2-nitroso-3-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (15) also failed to proceed with loss of nitrogen and yields the corresponding hydrazine 16. However, 16 was cleanly oxidized by mercuric oxide in ethanol at 62° with concurrent elimination of nitrogen to afford 2-phenylindane in 75% yield. Possible rationalizations for these results are presented.
Occupational social work and job retention supports: An international perspective

Global changes are increasing unemployment worldwide, particularly among women, members of racial and ethnic minority groups, and youth. Occupational social work practice can be systematically reformulated to focus on job retention supports in work programs. International exchanges of information and knowledge-building among occupationally-focused social workers can shape this reformulation, increase job retention and promote the historic mission of the profession.
Nap-of-earth flight and the real-time simulation of dynamic terrain

This document reports the results of the authors' work on understanding the problems associated with dynamic terrain (DT) in networked visual training simulators. Dynamic terrain (construction of emplacements, cratering and repair, etc.) is of substantial military interest as ground-based simulation becomes a common training technology. The basic cost/performance issues of visual simulation are analyzed with regard to the introduction of DT. An overview of current networking (SIMNET) technology for visual simulation is provided, and the difficulty of extending the SIMNET paradigm to dynamic terrain is discussed. An object-oriented representation for terrain is suggested, and its advantages are described. Finally, we consider the implications of dynamic terrain within networked simulation, with particular reference to the problems of scale imposed by the interaction of high speed aircraft flying nap-of-earth (i.e. at treetop level) and low speed ground vehicle simulators.
Beet juice utilization: Expeditious green synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Pt, and Pd) using microwaves

Metal nanoparticles of Ag, Au, Pt, and Pd were prepared in aqueous solutions via a rapid microwave-assisted green method using beet juice, an abundant sugar-rich agricultural product, which served as both a reducing and a capping reagent. The Ag nanoparticles with capping prepared using beet juice exhibit higher catalytic activity and durability than those prepared using NaBH4 for the transformation of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol.
Finite Element Modeling of Unidirectional Non-Crimp Fabric for Manufacturing of Composites with Embedded Cabling

A hybrid finite element discrete mesoscopic approach is used to model the forming of composite parts using a unidirectional glass prepreg non-crimp fabric (NCF). The tensile behavior of the fabric is represented using 1-D beam elements, and the shearing behavior is captured using 2-D shell elements into an ABAQUS/Explicit finite element model via a user-defined material subroutine. The forming of a hemisphere is simulated using a finite element model of the fabric, and the results are compared to a thermostamped part as a demonstration of the capabilities of the used methodology. Forming simulations using a double-dome geometry, which has been used in an international benchmarking program, were then performed with the validated finite element model to explore the ability of the unidirectional fabric to accommodate the presence of interlaminate cabling.
Modifications of the Hortega silver carbonate method adapted for celloidin-embedded and frozen sections.

Hortega silver carbonate method modifications for neuroglial impregnation in celloidin embedded and frozen sections