cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the boundedness of the set of stabilizing controllers

This paper shows that the set of rational, strictly proper, robustly stabilizing controllers for single-input single-output linear-time invariant plants will form a bounded (can even be empty) set in the controller parameter space if and only if the order of the stabilizing controller cannot be reduced any further; if the set of proper stabilizing controllers of order r is not empty and the set of strictly proper controllers of order r is bounded, then r is the minimal order of stabilization. The paper also extends this result to characterize the set of controllers that guarantee some pre-specified performance specifications. In particular, it is shown here that the minimal order of a controller that guarantees specified performance is l iff (1) there is a controller of order l guaranteeing the specified performance and (2) the set of strictly proper, robustly stabilizing controllers of order l and guaranteeing the performance is bounded. Moreover, if the order of the controller is increased, the set of higher-order controllers which satisfies the specified performance will necessarily be unbounded. This characterization is provided for performance specifications, such as gain margin and robust stability, which require a one-parameter family of real polynomials to be Hurwitz, where the parameter is in a closed interval. Other performance specifications, such as phase margin and ℋ∞ norm, can be reduced to the problem of determining a set of stabilizing controllers that renders a family of complex polynomials Hurwitz. The characterization of the set of controllers for the stabilization of complex polynomials is provided and is used to show the boundedness properties for the set of controllers that guarantee a given phase margin or an upper bound on the ℋ∞ norm. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems using adaptive extremum seeking control

To maintain the maximum achievable efficiency for the photovoltaic (PV) systems, it is crucial to achieve the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation for realistic illumination conditions. This paper presents the application of the adaptive extremum seeking control (AESC) scheme to the PV MPPT problem. A state-space model is derived for the PV system with buck converter. The AESC is used to maximize the power output by tuning the duty ratio of the pulse-width modulator (PWM) of the DC-DC buck converter. To address the nonlinear PV characteristics, the radial basis function (RBF) neural network is used to approximate the unknown nonlinear I-V curve. The convergence of the system to an adjustable neighborhood of the optimum is guaranteed by utilizing a Lyapunov-based adaptive control method. The performance of the controller is verified through simulations.
DESCRIBING RECENTLY DISCOVERED NARROW STATES AS QUARKONIA USING A POTENTIAL MODEL

We examine to what extent several recently discovered narrow resonances can be interpreted as conventional bound states describable using a potential model. In doing so, we use a semirelativistic approach, which includes both the v2/c2 and QCD one-loop corrections to the short distance potential and a long range linear potential together with its scalar and vector v2/c2 spin-dependent terms.
Ionic mixed interactions in macromolecules.

Purely ionic interactions in natural and synthetic macromolecules involve the mutual interaction of fixed charges and their interaction with mobile ions. Such charge-dependent interactions lead to well-documented effects, including chain expansion of polyelectrolytes, globularization of polyampholytes, distributions of mobile ions according to charge screening, or ion condensation models. A variety of structural features, functions, and applications of these systems is amplified by the superimposition of charge-independent effects associated with the occurrence of less polar or hydrophobic groups, special salts, surfactants, or complementary protein assemblies. For instance, ionic and hydrophobic attractive interactions stabilize pearls (or rings)-on-a-string conformations, possibly a model for the formation of the chromatin assembly. The attractive interactions due to hydrophobic fatty acid groups attached to polysaccharides promote the formation of vesicles that entrap and slowly release water-soluble drugs. Intra- and intermolecular associations based on ion-pairing mixed interactions also control the formation of host–guest compounds, protein conformation, and the assembly of layered polyelectrolytes. Metallo-supramolecular polymers and networks are formed due to the coordination of multivalent cations with bi- and trifunctional organic ligands. The association of lithium salts to polymers in the absence of water allows the formation of highly efficient energy sources. It also allows the identification of the ionic species that control charge-independent contributions to Hofmeister effects. This critical review presents a synthetic classification of systems displaying ionic mixed interactions, and a discussion of underlying molecular mechanisms.
Adaptive problem-solving for large-scale scheduling problems: a case study

Although most scheduling problems are NP-hard, domain specific techniques perform well in practice but are quite expensive to construct. In adaptive problem-solving, domain specific knowledge is acquired automatically for a general problem solver with a flexible control architecture. In this approach, a learning system explores a space of possible heuristic methods for one well-suited to the eccentricities of the given domain and problem distribution. In this article, we discuss an application of the approach to scheduling satellite communications. Using problem distributions based on actual mission requirements, our approach identifies strategies that not only decrease the amount of CPU time required to produce schedules, but also increase the percentage of problems that are solvable within computational resource limitations.
Fast Differential Emission Measure Inversion of Solar Coronal Data

We present a fast method for reconstructing differential emission measures (DEMs) using solar coronal data. The method consists of a fast, simple regularized inversion in conjunction with an iteration scheme for removal of residual negative emission measure. On average, it computes over 1000 DEMs s{sup -1} for a sample active region observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory, and achieves reduced chi-squared of order unity with no negative emission in all but a few test cases. The high performance of this method is especially relevant in the context of AIA, which images of order one million solar pixels per second. This paper describes the method, analyzes its fidelity, compares its performance and results with other DEM methods, and applies it to an active region and loop observed by AIA and by the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on Hinode.
Similitude Properties of High-Speed Laminar and Turbulent Boundary-Layer Incipient Separation

A systematic unified comparative analysis is made of all the possible similitude rules pertaining to incipient separation viscous interaction for both laminar and turbulent flows. For supersonic and hypersonic turbulent flows a new result is derived that, unlike existing correlations, agrees with experimental data at high Reynolds numbers in that it predicts the incipient separation pressure to be independent of Reynolds number.
Evaluation of Two Laying Systems (Floor vs. Cage) on Egg Production, Quality and Safety

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two laying systems (floor versus cage) on egg production, egg quality, and microbial safety. One hundred and eighty 42 wk old laying hens were separated into two groups of 90 hens each, and housed in laying cages and a floor laying system. Eggs from the hens were collected for 2 weeks, and hen-day egg production, egg quality (whole egg, albumen, yolk and shell weights), saleability, and marketability were measured. Total bacteria counts on the egg shell surface were also enumerated at 0, 4 and 8 h after laying. Results indicated that hen-day egg production by hens in the cage system (95%) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than production by hens from the floor system (85%), but there was no significant differences in egg weight, albumen, yolk, or shell weights. Hens housed in the cage laying systems produced significantly (P<0.05) more marketable eggs (95%) than hens housed in the floor laying system (89%). Significantly (P<0.05) more unsaleable eggs were also produced by hens in the floor laying system (11%) than in the cage system (4%). Bacteria counts on egg shells from hens of the cage laying system were significantly (P<0.05) lower at 0 and 4 h after laying (4.02 and 5.90 log cfu/mL, respectively) than counts on shells of eggs from the floor laying system (6.58 and 7.25 log cfu/mL, respectively). There was no significant difference in contamination of eggs collected 8 h after laying. Findings indicate hens housed in cages produce more eggs with higher quality and less bacterial contamination than hens house in floors laying systems.
The role of energy efficiency and renewable energies in the future world energy market

The world population is rising rapidly, notably in the developing countries. Historical trends suggest that increased annual energy use per capita is a good surrogate for the standard of living factors which promote a decrease in population growth rate. If these trends continue, the stabilization of the world's population will require the increased use of all sources of energy as cheap oil and gas are depleted. The improved efficiency of energy use and renewable energy sources will be essential to stabilizing population, while providing a decent standard all over the world.
PECAN: Program Development Systems that Support Multiple Views

This paper describes the PECAN family of program development systems. PECAN supports multiple views of the user's program. The views can be representations of the program or of the corresponding semantics. The primary program view is a syntax-directed editor. The current semantic views include expression trees, data type diagrams, flow graphs, and the symbol table. PECAN is designed to make effective use of powerful personal machines with high-resolution graphics displays and is currently implemented on APOLLO workstations.
Gastric Feeding With Erythromycin Is Equivalent to Transpyloric Feeding in the Critically Ill

Objective: To determine whether adding erythromycin to a gastric feeding regimen could render it as effective in meeting nutritional needs as transpyloric feeding. Design: Randomized, controlled study. Setting: University hospital medical, surgical, and neurologic care intensive care units. Patients: Critically ill patients, requiring a projected 96 hrs of enteral feeding, who had no specific indication for tube location (gastric or transpyloric). Eighty patients were randomized. Interventions: Patients were randomized to gastric feeding with erythromycin (200 mg IV) given every 8 hrs or feeding through a transpylorically placed feeding tube. Goal rate and feeding advancement were determined by protocol. Measurements and Main Results: During the 96-hr period, the gastric group received 74% of their goal calories and the transpyloric group received 67%. The only day on which gastric feedings were superior was the first study day, where the gastric group attained 55% of their goal, compared with 44% in the ...
Trajectory Control for Very Flexible Aircraft

This paper focuses on trajectory control of the 6-DOF body flxed reference frame located on a very ∞exible aircraft. The 6-DOF equations of motion of a reference point on the aircraft are coupled with the aeroelastic equations that govern the geometrically nonlinear structural response of the vehicle. A low-order strain-based nonlinear structural analysis coupled with unsteady flnite-state potential ∞ow aerodynamics form the basis for the aeroelastic model. The nonlinear beam flnite element structural model assumes constant strain over an element in extension, twist, and in/out of plane bending. The geometrically nonlinear structural formulation, the flnite state aerodynamic model, and the nonlinear rigid body equations together provide a low-order complete nonlinear aircraft analysis tool. Due to the inherent ∞exibility of the aircraft modeling, the low order structural frequencies are of the same order as the rigid body modes. This creates a coupling which cannot be separated by previous control schemes. The ∞exibility must be accounted for directly in the controller development. To accomplish this a heuristic approach based upon pilot behavior is developed. This approach separates the problem into two parts: a fast inner-loop and a slower outer-loop. Dominant kinematic nonlinearities are handled in the outer-loop while the inner loop is further separated into a lateral and longitudinal motion. Control of the inner-loop lateral motion is accomplished using a standard Linear Quadratic Regulator. For the longitudinal motion Dynamic Inversion is utilized. Difierences between the desired and actual trajectories are handled in the nonlinear outer-loop using traditional proportional-integral-derivative design guidelines. The closed loop time integration is accomplished using an implicit modifled Newmark method. Numerical simulations are presented highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the method.
Gaussian processes for sample efficient reinforcement learning with RMAX-like exploration

We present an implementation of model-based online reinforcement learning (RL) for continuous domains with deterministic transitions that is specifically designed to achieve low sample complexity. To achieve low sample complexity, since the environment is unknown, an agent must intelligently balance exploration and exploitation, and must be able to rapidly generalize from observations. While in the past a number of related sample efficient RL algorithms have been proposed, to allow theoretical analysis, mainly model-learners with weak generalization capabilities were considered. Here, we separate function approximation in the model learner (which does require samples) from the interpolation in the planner (which does not require samples). For model-learning we apply Gaussian processes regression (GP) which is able to automatically adjust itself to the complexity of the problem (via Bayesian hyperparameter selection) and, in practice, often able to learn a highly accurate model from very little data. In addition, a GP provides a natural way to determine the uncertainty of its predictions, which allows us to implement the "optimism in the face of uncertainty" principle used to efficiently control exploration. Our method is evaluated on four common benchmark domains.
Enantiomerically Pure Epoxychromans via Asymmetric Catalysis

Abstract A practical and highly effective process for the asymmetric epoxidation of several 2,2-dimethylchromene derivatives is reported. Catalysis by Mn(salen) complex 4 in all cases affords epoxychromans with >90% ee, and this method has been applied to the synthesis of two recently developed antihypertensive agents in enantiomerically pure form.
Development of a Low Flow Coefficient Single Stage Centrifugal Compressor

A low flow coefficient unshrouded centrifugal compressor would give up clearance in relation to the span of the blades, because centrifugal compressors produce a sufficiently large pressure rise in fewer stages. This problem is more acute for a low flow high-pressure ratio impeller. The large tip clearance would cause flow separations, and as a result it would drop both the efficiency and surge margin. Thus a design of a high efficiency and wide operation range for a low flow coefficient centrifugal compressor is a great challenge. This paper describes a new development of high efficiency and large surge margin low flow coefficient (0.145) centrifugal compressor. A viscous turbomachinery optimal design method developed by the authors for axial flow machine was further extended and used in this centrifugal compressor design. The new compressor has three main parts: impeller, a low solidity diffuser, and volute. The tip clearance is under special consideration in this design to allow impeller insensitivenes...
The construction of preferences for crux and sentinel product attributes

Designers often attempt to find preferences that users have for products and their attributes. Applying theory from behavioural psychology, we demonstrate that product preferences are not ‘found’ in people, but rather constructed by people on an as-needed basis. The demonstration explores the relationship between crux product attributes, which are both important and difficult for people to assess, and sentinel attributes, which are easy to assess and have a perceived association with a crux attribute. A relationship between crux and sentinel attributes is proposed, supported by the results of a case study involving design of paper towels, where a discrete choice survey is analysed using a new technique called the full factorial marketplace. We generalise our approach to a constructed preferences design method that can be used to identify crux/sentinel relationships between product attributes.
Sensor Data Fusion Using DSm Theory for Activity Recognition under Uncertainty in Home-Based Care

Reliable contextual information of remotely monitored patients should be generated to prevent hazardous situations and to provide pervasive services in home-based care. This is difficult for several reasons. First, low level data obtained from heterogeneous sensors have different degrees of uncertainty. Second, generated contexts can be corrupted or conflicted even if they are acquired by simultaneous operations. In this paper, we utilize Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) as an evidence fusion approach to reduce ambiguous or imperfect information then to get higher belief levels in the data fusion process of contextual information. To analyze the improvement of DSmT fusion process, we compare DSmT with Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) using PCR5 rule of combination and Dempster's rule of combination respectively.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Regulates Growth Coordination During Drosophila melanogaster Imaginal Disc Regeneration

Mechanisms that coordinate growth during development are essential for producing animals with proper organ proportion. Here we describe a pathway through which tissues communicate to coordinate growth. During Drosophila melanogaster larval development, damage to imaginal discs activates a regeneration checkpoint through expression of Dilp8. This both produces a delay in developmental timing and slows the growth of undamaged tissues, coordinating regeneration of the damaged tissue with developmental progression and overall growth. Here we demonstrate that Dilp8-dependent growth coordination between regenerating and undamaged tissues, but not developmental delay, requires the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the prothoracic gland. NOS limits the growth of undamaged tissues by reducing ecdysone biosynthesis, a requirement for imaginal disc growth during both the regenerative checkpoint and normal development. Therefore, NOS activity in the prothoracic gland coordinates tissue growth through regulation of endocrine signals.
Time-resolved photometry of kuiper belt objects: rotations, shapes and phase functions

We present a systematic investigation of the rotational light curves of trans-Neptunian objects based on extensive optical data from Mauna Kea. Four of 13 objects (corresponding to 31%) in our sample [(33128) 1998 BU48, 2000 GN171, (20000) Varuna, and (40314) 1999 KR16] were found to exhibit light curves with peak-to-peak range � 0.15 mag. In a larger sample obtained by combining our data with reliably determined light curves from the literature, seven of 22 objects (32%) display significant (� 0.15 mag range) light curves. About 23% of the sampled objects have light-curve ranges � 0.4 mag. Curiously, the objects are very large (e250 km diameter, assuming an albedo of 0.04) and, in the absence of rotation, should be nearly spherical as a result of self-compression. We propose that the large-amplitude, short-period objects are rotationally distorted, low-density rubble piles. Statistically, the trans-Neptunian objects are less spherical than their main-belt asteroid counterparts, indicating a higher specific angular momentum, perhaps resulting from the formation epoch. In addition to the rotational light curves, we measured phase darkening for seven Kuiper belt objects in the 0 � to 2 � phase-angle range. Unlike Pluto, the measured values show steep slopes and moderate opposition surge, indicating backscatter from low-albedo porous surface materials.
A BGP attack against traffic engineering

As the Internet grows, traffic engineering has become a widely-used technique to control the flow of packets. For the inter-domain routing, traffic engineering relies on configurations of the border gateway protocol (BGP). While it is recognized that the misconfiguration of BGP can cause negative effects on the Internet, we consider attack methods that disable traffic engineering regardless of the correctness of configurations. We focus on the redirection of traffic as our attack objective, and present attack scenarios on some dominant sample network topologies to achieve this objective. We also evaluate and validate these attacks using two different discrete-event simulators, one that models BGP behavior on a network, and another that emulates it using direct-execution of working BGP code.
The affective foundations of high-reliability organizing

Summary The factors that compel individuals to exert the extraordinary effort needed to create high reliability—consistent error-free performance under trying conditions—remain unspecified. Here, we propose that when individuals experience emotional ambivalence and prosocial motivation, it induces the broad thinking and other-orientation that undergird mindful organizing and high reliability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Derivatives Performance Attribution

This paper shows how to decompose the dollar profit earned from an option into two basic components: i) mispricing of the option relative to the asset at the time of purchase; and ii) profit from subsequent fortuitous changes or mispricing of the underlying asset. This separation hinges on measuring the "true relative value" of the option from its realized payoff. The payoff from any one option has a huge standard error about this value that can be reduced by averaging the payoff from several independent option positions. Simulations indicate that 95% reductions in standard errors can be further achieved by using the payoff of a dynamic replicating portfolio as a Monte Carlo control variate. In addition, the paper shows that these low standard errors are robust to discrete rather than continuous dynamic replication and to the likely degree of misspecification of the benchmark formula used to implement the replication. Option mispricing profit can be further decomposed into profit due to superior esti? mation of the volatility (volatility profit) and profit from using a superior option valuation formula (formula profit). To make this decomposition reliably, the benchmark formula used for the attribution needs to be similar to the formula implicitly used by the market to price options. If so, then simulation indicates that this further decomposition can be achieved with low standard errors. Basic component ii) can be further decomposed into profit from a forward contract on the underlying asset (asset profit) and what I term pure option profit. The asset profit indicates whether the investor was skillful by buying or selling options on mispriced underlying assets. However, asset profit could also simply be just compensation for bearing risk?a distinction beyond the scope of this paper. Al? though simulation indicates that the attribution procedure gives an unbiased allocation of the option profit to this source, its standard error is large?a feature common with others' attempts to measure performance of assets.
Effective iterative techniques for fingerprinting design IP

Fingerprinting is an approach that assigns a unique and invisible ID to each sold instance of the intellectual property (IP). One of the key advantages fingerprinting-based intellectual property protection (IPP) has over watermarking-based IPP is the enabling of tracing stolen hardware or software. Fingerprinting schemes have been widely and effectively used to achieve this goal; however, their application domain has been restricted only to static artifacts, such as image and audio, where distinct copies can be obtained easily. In this paper, we propose the first generic fingerprinting technique that can be applied to an arbitrary synthesis (optimization or decision) or compilation problem and, therefore to hardware and software IPs. The key problem with design IP fingerprinting is that there is a need to generate a large number of structurally unique but functionally and timing identical designs. To reduce the cost of generating such distinct copies, we apply iterative optimization in an incremental fashion to solve a fingerprinted instance. Therefore, we leverage on the optimization effort already spent in obtaining previous solutions, yet we generate a uniquely fingerprinted new solution. This generic approach is the basis for developing specific fingerprinting techniques for four important problems in VLSI CAD: partitioning, graph coloring, satisfiability, and standard-cell placement. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new fingerprinting-based IPP techniques on a number of standard benchmarks.
CESR luminosity upgrades and experiments

The Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) has provided over 2.5 fb/sup -1/ integrated luminosity on the Y(4S) resonance and nearby continuum, facilitating measurements of B meson decays. In order to seek out rarer events, the luminosity of the storage ring must maintain a geometric growth. The luminosity upgrade program of CESR provides this growth capability while utilizing many of the developments in technology and accelerator physics required for later upgrade to an asymmetric B factory. All upgrades incorporate approximately the same per-bunch parameters as in CESR's present operation. The next step in the upgrade replaces the individual bunches with "bunch trains," or closely spaced groups of bunches treated as a single bunch by the pretzel separation secheme. The higher beam currents will require improvements to the RF, vacuum, feedback, and injector systems. Separation at the parasitic interaction points near the main interaction point is provided by a small horizontal crossing angle. Machine experiments have been conducted to determine criteria for separation at parasitic crossings and measure the effects of small crossing angles on beam-beam dynamics, as well as study other topics related to the upgrade program. >
Spatial Representations From Perception and Cognitive Mediation The Case of Ultrasound

Spatial representations can be derived not only by direct perception, but also through cognitive mediation. Conventional or ex-situ ultrasound displays, which displace imaged data to a remote screen, require both types of process. To determine the depth of a target hidden beneath a surface, ultrasound users must both perceive how deeply the ultrasound transducer indents the surface and interpret the on-screen image to visualize how deeply the target lies below the transducer. Combining these perceptual and cognitive depth components requires a spatial representation that has been called amodal. We report experiments measuring errors in perceptual and cognitively mediated depth estimates and show that these estimates can be concatenated (linked) without further error, providing evidence for an amodal representation. We further contrast conventional ultrasound with an in-situ display whereby an ultrasound image appears to float at the precise location being imaged, enabling the depth of a target to be direc...
The ethics of clinical trials: a child's view.

Until a few years ago, the prevailing view was that children should not be participants in clinical research trials because children were incapable of consenting to such nontherapeutic interventions and are particularly vulnerable to abuse. That view has undergone a significant shift in the last few years, particularly in the context of trials to test the safety and effectiveness of drugs. A number of events facilitated this change, including the widespread off-label distribution of drugs to children and developments in the AIDS epidemic. These social forces have shifted the core ethical question from whether children should be research subjects to when children should be research subjects. The presumption in favor of including children as research subjects for drug trials has manifested itself primarily through two different reforms: a 1997 federal statute and a set of regulations promulgated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that recently became effective. Together they reflect the view that children deserve the same access to safe and effective therapies as adults.
Enhanced Modal Solutions for Structural Dynamics in Aerothermoelastic Analysis

Hypersonic vehicle design and simulation require models that are of low order. Modeling of hypersonic vehicles is complicated due to complex interactions between aerodynamic heating, heat transfer, structural dynamics, and aerodynamics in the hypersonic regime. This work focuses on the development of ecient modal solutions for structural dynamics of hypersonic vehicle structures under transient thermal loads. The problem is outlined and aerothermoelastic coupling mechanisms are described. A previously developed reducedorder, time-domain aerothermoelastic simulation framework is used as the starting point for this study. This paper focuses on three main modeling areas: 1) The eect of aerodynamic heating on the evolution of free vibration modes shapes and frequencies is examined, 2) A surrogate modeling technique is employed for directly updating the generalized stiness matrix and thermal loads based on the transient temperature distribution and 3) Basis augmentation techniques are employed in order to obtain more accurate solutions for the structural dynamic response. The techniques to be studied are described and applied to a representative hypersonic vehicle elevator structure.
Development and Evaluation of Transferrin-Stabilized Paclitaxel Nanocrystal Formulation

The aim of the present study was to prepare and evaluate a paclitaxel nanocrystal-based formulation stabilized by serum protein transferrin in a non-covalent manner. The pure paclitaxel nanocrystals were first prepared using an antisolvent precipitation method augmented by sonication. The serum protein transferrin was selected for use after evaluating the stabilizing effect of several serum proteins including albumin and immunoglobulin G. The formulation contained approximately 55-60% drug and was stable for at least 3months at 4°C. In vivo antitumor efficacy studies using mice inoculated with KB cells demonstrate significantly higher tumor inhibition rate of 45.1% for paclitaxel-transferrin formulation compared to 28.8% for paclitaxel nanosuspension treatment alone. Interestingly, the Taxol(®) formulation showed higher antitumor activity than the paclitaxel-transferrin formulation, achieving a 93.3% tumor inhibition rate 12days post initial dosing. However, the paclitaxel-transferrin formulation showed a lower level of toxicity, which is indicated by a steady increase in body weight of mice over the treatment period. In comparison, treatment with Taxol(®) resulted in toxicity issues as body weight decreased. These results suggest the potential benefit of using a serum protein in a non-covalent manner in conjunction with paclitaxel nanocrystals as a promising drug delivery model for anticancer therapy.
One Useful Logic That Defines Its Own Truth

Existential fixed point logic (EFPL) is a natural fit for some applications, and the purpose of this talk is to attract attention to EFPL. The logic is also interesting in its own right as it has attractive properties. One of those properties is rather unusual: truth of formulas can be defined (given appropriate syntactic apparatus) in the logic. We mentioned that property elsewhere, and we use this opportunity to provide the proof.
Experimental Investigation of Rotor-Stator Interaction in a Centrifugal Pump With Several Vaned Diffusers

Steady and unsteady diffuser vane pressure measurements have been conducted with a two-dimensional test impeller, in an experimental investigation of rotor-stator interaction within a centrifugal pump having several vaned diffusers, under conditions of different flow coefficients and different radial gaps between the impeller blade trailing edge and the diffuser vane leading edge. The largest pressure fluctuations on the diffuser vanes and the impeller blades were found to be of the same order of magnitude as the total pressure rise across the pump. Increasing the number of diffuser vanes was found to result in a significant decrease of impeller blade pressure fluctuations.
Chip-Module Package Interfaces

The direction of progress for printed circuit board technology is illustrated through a design example using LSI chips and multichip modules. The interface requirements between the chips and modules and between the modules and the printed-circuit board are described. The use of large-scale integrated circuits in large systems is shown to require substantial increases in interconnection density at the module and the printed-circuit board. Approaches to providing the increased interconnection are described.
Exploratory study of the reaction of bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride (Deoxofluor™ reagent) with diaryl sulfoxides: novel routes to Ar2SF2 and Ar2SF(OTf) via sulfoxide activation

Abstract Neither bis(2-methoxyethyl)aminosulfur trifluoride (Deoxofluor™ reagent) nor HF/pyridine alone can fluorinate diaryl sulfoxides. S-fluorination can be effected by activating the sulfoxide via protonation with HF/pyridine (70:30) to form sulfoxonium ions in equilibrium which are then S-fluorinated in situ with Deoxofluor™ to give Ar2SF2 compounds. Conversions depend strongly on steric factors and the reactions require the use of excess Deoxofluor™ and HF/pyridine. NMR data for the resulting diarylsulfur difluorides are gathered and discussed. Sulfoxide activation via diaryl (trifloxy) sulfonium triflate generated in situ from Ar2SO with triflic anhydride at low temperature represents another strategy for S-fluorination with Deoxofluor™ to generate Ar2S(OTf)F.
Orbital Parameters for the Soft X-Ray Transient 4U 1543–47: Evidence for a Black Hole

Spectroscopic observations of the soft X-ray transient 4U 1543-47 reveal a radial velocity curve with a period of P = 1.123 ± 0.008 days and a semiamplitude of K2 = 124 ± 4 km s-1. The resulting mass function is f(M) = 0.22 ± 0.02 M☉. We classify the secondary star as A2 V, in agreement with previous work, and measure Teff = 9000 ± 500 K and E(B-V) = 0.50 ± 0.05 from fits to synthetic spectra. We derive a distance of d = 9.1 ± 1.1 kpc if the secondary is on the main sequence. We see no emission lines from the accretion disk, and the measured fractions of disk light in the B- and V-bands are 10% and 21%, respectively. The V and I light curves exhibit two waves per orbital cycle with amplitudes ≈ 0.08 mag. We model the light curves as ellipsoidal variations in the secondary star and derive extreme inclination limits of 20° ≤ i ≤ 40°. The formal 3 σ limits on the inclination from a simultaneous fit to the V and I light curves are 24° ≤ i ≤ 36° for a mass ratio Q ≡ M1/M2 ≥ 1. However, there are systematic effects in the data that the model does not account for, so the above constraints should be treated with caution. We argue that the secondary star is still on the main sequence with the mass transfer being driven by expansion due to normal main sequence evolution. If the secondary star has a mass near the main sequence values for early A stars (2.3 ≤ M2 ≤ 2.6 M☉), then the best fits for the 3 σ inclination range (24° ≤ i ≤ 36°) and the 3 σ mass function range (0.16 ≤ f(M) ≤ 0.28 M☉) imply a primary mass in the range 2.7 ≤ M1 ≤ 7.5 M☉. The mass of the compact object in 4U 1543-47 is likely to be in excess of ≈ 3 M☉, which is widely regarded as the maximum mass of a stable neutron star. Thus we conclude that 4U 1543-47 most likely contains a black hole.
Error probability for reduced-state sequence estimation

The performance of ideal reduced-state sequence estimation (RSSE) (without error propagation) is known as a good approximation to the performance of real RSSE. In the literature, the minimum distance of ideal RSSE has been employed for approximating the error probability of real RSSE. However, this approximation can be very poor, even though the system has a large signal-to-noise ratio. In this work, a union upper bound on the error probability for ideal RSSE is used to approximate the true error probability. This union bound provides a better approximation than the minimum distance. A new method based on a stack algorithm and a subset-error state diagram is proposed for calculating this union bound. The stack algorithm is employed because it provides a good tradeoff between computer memory and computing time. >
An examination of prestigious stigma: the case of the technology geek

The concept of stigma from social psychology traditionally pertains to the plight of individuals possessing "marks" such as physical deformities and blindness. In extending the construct to the organizational setting, stigma also encompasses less physical sources of non-normality that are viewed by others with disrespect or disapproval. Along this line, we identify an aspect of stigma that can materialize in work settings that generally does not appear in prior stigma theory. We argue that a stigma may exist that is worn with pride rather than shame, and we refer to this as a "prestigious stigma." As a foundation for our reasoning, we present "technology geek" as a prestigious stigma found in organizations. Our theory building focuses on mixed interactions of the stigmatized with others in the organization, positing that prestigiously stigmatized individuals behave in ways that differ from those previously theorized by social psychologists. This effort culminates in a model that extends prior stigma theory and provides insights for practice and future research.
Dormant Storage Reliability Assessments-Data Based

A relatively large amount of data pertaining to the performance of certain electronic parts after long periods of dormant storage has been collected and analyzed by the Reliability Department of Sandia National Laboratories. The failure models used by Sandia are presented and reliability assessments for selected electronic parts derived from these models and the measured performance data are provided. These data-based assessments are compared to similar assessments derived from handbook calculations using the general data and models provided in the handbooks.
The IR stability of de Sitter QFT: physical initial conditions

This work uses Lorentz-signature in-in perturbation theory to analyze the late-time behavior of correlators in time-dependent interacting massive scalar eld theory in de Sitter space. We study a scenario recently considered by Krotov and Polyakov in which the coupling g turns on smoothly at nite time, starting from g = 0 in the far past where the state is taken to be the (free) Bunch-Davies vacuum. Our main result is that the resulting correlators (which we compute at the one-loop level) approach those of the interacting Hartle-Hawking state at late times. We argue that similar results should hold for other physically-motivated choices of initial conditions. This behavior is to be expected from recent quantum \no hair" theorems for interacting massive scalar eld theory in de Sitter space which established similar results to all orders in perturbation theory for a dense set of states in the Hilbert space. Our current work i) indicates that physically motivated initial conditions lie in this dense set, ii) provides a Lorentzsignature counter-part to the Euclidean techniques used to prove such theorems, and iii) provides an explicit example of the relevant renormalization techniques.
Exact steady-state velocity of ratchets driven by random sequential adsorption

We solve the problem of discrete translocation of a polymer through a pore, driven by the irreversible, random sequential adsorption of particles on one side of the pore. Although the kinetics of the wall motion and the deposition are coupled, we find the exact steady-state distribution for the gap between the wall and the nearest deposited particle. This result enables us to construct the mean translocation velocity demonstrating that translocation is faster when the adsorbing particles are smaller. Monte Carlo simulations also show that smaller particles give less dispersion in the ratcheted motion. We also define and compare the relative efficiencies of ratcheting by deposition of particles with different sizes and we describe an associated 'zone-refinement' process.
The Super Bigbite Project: a Study of Nucleon Form Factors

A proposed set of instrumentation, collectively referred to as the Super Bigbite project, is presented. Used in three different configurations it will allow measurements of three nucleon electromagnetic form factors , , and with unprecedented precision to Q2-values up to three times higher than existing data.
Walras's Market Models

Preface Acknowledgements Introduction Part I. The Models of the Mature Phase Section 1. Background and Preliminaries: 1. Walras's conception of a competitive market economy 2. The mature models are not a normative scheme 3. The mature models of the barter of stocks and commodities 4. Institutions and participants in the model of monetary oral pledges markets 5. Disequilibrium and equilibrium in the model of monetary oral pledges markets 6. The structure of the mature nondurable consumer commodities model 7. The equilibrating processes in the mature nondurable consumer commodities model Section 2. The Mature Comprehensive Model: 8. The structure of the mature comprehensive model 9. The equilibrating processes in the mature comprehensive model 10. Walras and his critics on the maximum utility of new capital goods 11. The mature models of the money market 12. Iteration in the mature model of tatonnement 13. The mature model of the behavior of the entrepreneur 14. Walras versus Edgeworth on tatonnement processes Part II. The Models of the Phase of Decline Section 1. The Written Pledges Models: 15. The structure of the barter model of written pledges markets 16. Disequilibrium features of the barter model of written pledges markets 17. The written pledges markets in the last comprehensive model Section 2. Other Models: 18. The markets for circulating capital and money in the last comprehensive model 19. Conclusion References Collation of editions of the Elements Index.
Ethiopia's Infrastructure: A Continental Perspective

Infrastructure contributed 0.6 percentage points to Ethiopia's annual per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth over the last decade. Raising the country's infrastructure endowment level to that of the region's middle-income countries could lift annual growth by an additional 3 percentage points. This will represent a significant boost over the growth performance of the mid-2000s, which averaged around 5 percent. The Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD) has collected and analyzed extensive infrastructure data for more than 40 Sub-Saharan countries, including Ethiopia. The results are presented in reports on various infrastructure sectors Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), irrigation, power, transport, water and sanitation and policy areas, including investment needs, fiscal costs, and sector performance. This country report presents the key AICD findings for Ethiopia. This will allow its infrastructure situation to be benchmarked against that of other African nations that, like Ethiopia, are low-income countries, with particular emphasis on immediate regional neighbors in East Africa. Several methodological issues should be borne in mind. First, the cross country nature of the data collection creates an inevitable time lag. The period covered by the AICD runs from 2001 to 2006. Most technical data are presented for 2006 (or the most recent year available), while financial data typically are averaged over the available period to smooth out the effect of short term fluctuations. Second, cross country comparisons require standardization of the indicators and the analysis to ensure consistency. Therefore, some of the indicators may be slightly different from those that are routinely reported and discussed at the country level. During the 2000s, Ethiopia's annual economic growth has averaged 4.8 percent, compared with only 0.5 percent in the previous decade. Notwithstanding this improvement, current annual growth levels still fall short of the sustained 7 percent needed to meet the Millennium Development Goals. Improved structural and stabilization policies generated an estimated 4.2 percent of Ethiopia's improved per capita growth performance during the 2000s, and improvements in the country's infrastructure platform over that period contributed up to 0.6 percentage points to growth. This was due almost entirely to the introduction of mobile telephony in Ethiopia. Simulations suggest that if Ethiopia's infrastructure platform could be improved to the level of the African leader, Mauritius, annual per capita growth rates could increase by 3.8 percent. This potential impact would come equally from improvements to transport, power, and ICT infrastructure.
Exact Solutions for Supersymmetric Stationary Black Hole Composites

Four dimensional N = 2 supergravity has regular, stationary, asymptotically flat BPS solutions with intrinsic angular momentum, describing bound states of separate extremal black holes with mutually nonlocal charges. Though the existence and some properties of these solutions were established some time ago, fully explicit analytic solutions were lacking thus far. In this note, we fill this gap. We show in general that explicit solutions can be constructed whenever an explicit formula is known in the theory at hand for the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of a single black hole as a function of its charges, and illustrate this with some simple examples. We also give an example of moduli-dependent black hole entropy.
Factors Influencing the Adoption of Russian Varroa-Resistant Honey Bees

Factors influencing the adoption of Russian Varroa-Resistant honey bees were assessed. Logit results indicate factors associated with the adoption include sales, internet use, and contact with other beekeepers. Negatively associated factors are age and income. Future adoption depends upon previous use and perception.
Internal current probing of integrated circuits using magnetic force microscopy

A model for the magnetic force microscopy (MFM) imaging of IC currents is presented. MFM signal generation is described and the ability to analyze current direction and magnitude with a sensitivity of approximately 1 mA DC and approximately 1 mu A AC is demonstrated. Experimental results are a significant improvement over the 100 mA AC resolution previously reported using an electron beam to detect IC currents. >
A $(k+1)$-Slope Theorem for the $k$-Dimensional Infinite Group Relaxation

We prove that any minimal valid function for the k-dimensional innite group relaxation that is piecewise linear with at most k + 1 slopes and does not factor through a linear map with non-trivial kernel is extreme. This generalizes a theorem of Gomory and Johnson for k = 1, and Cornu ejols and Molinaro for k = 2.