cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sacred Passions / Profane Saints

In her novel, The Last Report on the Miracles at Little No Horse, Louise Erdrich engages her readers in a story of emotional complexities.Agnes, the novel’s central figure, has an existencemarked by emotional and spiritual tug-of-war, her identity as elusive as her spirituality. Known first as Sister Cecilia, Agnes sheds her identity as a Catholic nun after failing to reconcile her love for music with her love for faith. Agnes becomes the common law wife of farmer Berndt Vogel, but amidst her new life of thriving sexuality, Agnes soon discovers her faith cannot be ignored. When Berndt Vogel dies, Agnes resumes her religious devotion after suppressing her other passions and hiding her gender by becoming the priest, Father Damien. For her ministry’s duration,Agnes struggles to reconcile her earlier life with the demands of her new life among the Ojibwe people.Agnes’s several intense and often conflicting passions, her music, her sexuality, and her faith, become central to the novel. In the resulting friction, Agnes evolves and grows as a character. Throughout the novel, Erdrich uses passion to “play upon” the multiple meanings of one signifier, just as Jacques Derrida accuses Plato of doing in the Phaedrus (1847). Erdrich regularly chooses the term “passion” to signify the emotional extremes of agony and ecstasy.As a result, “passion” functions as a thread in the novel, tying Agnes’s past life to her present life, her emotional life to her spiritual life. Agnes’s tendency to view her world through the binary opposite sacred/profane shapes her struggle to reconcile her conflicting passions. For Agnes, dealing with her passions proves to be both agonizing and ecstatic. Erdrich regularly chooses the term “passion” to signify both of these emotional extremes.As a result, “passion” functions as a thread in the novel tyingAgnes’s past life to her present life, her emotional life to her spiritual life. Erdrich’s insistence on the signifier “passion” reveals that it is not despite but because of its ambiguous nature that she uses the term. Agnes’s tendency to view her world through the binary opposite sacred/profane also shapes her struggle to reconcile her passions. Just as Derrida deconstructs the binary opposites that shape Platonic thought, Erdrich challenges the binary opposites that dominate Agnes. As long as Agnes views her world in the framework of this opposition, her many passions cannot peacefully coexist. Tracing “passion” throughout The Last Report and examining its multiple signifieds reveals that binary opposites dissolve in favor of a richer, more complex depiction of Agnes’s existence.
Influence Of Specific Hsc70 Domains On Fibril Formation Of Human Amylin Involved In Type 2 Diabetes: Importance Of The C-terminal Lid

Protein misfolding and amyloid formation is an underlying pathological hallmark in a number of prevalent diseases of protein aggregation, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The expansion in the prevalence of T2D, including in Qatar, where a high percentage of the population is affected by diabetes, poses considerable risks to individuals, the healthcare system and the economy. Epidemiological studies reveal that up to 95% of all patients with T2D are shown to have pancreatic amyloid deposits, as detected in post-mortem studies. Most importantly, the severity of the disease appears to correlate with the degree of the deposition of IAPP aggregates. The misfolding of IAPP followed by the aggregation has been shown to be highly cytotoxic and to play a key role in the death of β-cells in T2D. Thus, the modulation of the aggregation process, promoting the proper folding of IAPP, may be considered as an attractive avenue for a therapeutic intervention. Indeed, molecular chaperones have been shown to suppress the misfolding and to prevent amyloid formation. The mechanism of how Hsc70 inhibits hIAPP fibril formation is complex and is not yet fully understood. It remains unclear how specific domains of Hsc70 function independently or in cohort to produce the observed inhibition of fibril formation of hIAPP. To address these questions, we used the power of in vitro methods to dissect out the relative contribution of the different Hsc70 structural domains, by investigating the effect of a series of deletion mutants of Hsc70 on hIAPP fibril formation. We also investigated in further detail the mode and mechanism of interaction between Hsc70 and hIAPP. The results indicate that Hsc70 can bind to hIAPP and delay fibril formation even in the absence of the ATPase domain, but interaction of hIAPP with the substrate- binding domain is strongly influenced by the C-terminal lid region. Determining the molecular interplay between hIAPP and molecular chaperone Hsc70 will provide the basis for designing modulators of IAPP aggregation.
Pros and Cons of Pinniped Management Along the North American Coast to Abet Fish Stocks

In this paper, we discuss the merit (or lack, thereof) of controlling pinniped populations for the purpose of enhancing fish stocks. Inherent in this approach is the assumption that predation by pinnipeds limits net production of at least some fish populations and, that any net surplus in production, caused by a culling program, can be effectively utilized in commercial harvests. Four generally accepted ecological relationships work against the success of culling pinniped herds to enhance fishery production. First, prey species almost always have more than one predator. Second, pinniped species rarely are dependent on only one species of prey. Third, the recruitment rate of most fish stocks is highly variable, and this is one of the most likely factors determining stock abundance. And fourth, fish, as a predatory group, consume more fish than do other predators (e.g., seabirds, cetaceans, and pinnipeds). Two examples of control programs and their effects on local fisheries are discussed. The following information is necessary to evaluate the biological merits of a pinniped control program (excluding ethical considerations and public sentiment): (1) kind, size, and amount of target species taken by pinniped species (by age, sex, and area), by other predators, by commercial fisheries, and by recreational fisheries and how knowledge of these takes will be effected by the management program; (2) standing stock, trends in stock size, and the relationship between net production and standing stock of the target species; (3) population size, trends in abundance, status, and net production of pinniped species; (4) expected increase in yield (and confidence levels) resulting from cull, and value of this increase in net production to the fishery and the general public; (5) cost of the control program; (6) proposed number (by age and sex classes) of pinnipeds to be culled each year, and the duration of the cull in years; and, (7) long-term effect of the cull on the pinniped population. It is unlikely that information on points (1), (3), and (4) will ever be known with reasonable confidence. Statistically designed removal experiments may be the only method of determining the merit of a control program. Unfortunately, it will be difficult to generalize results from one such experiment to other areas, species, or fisheries.
The market experience: Affect, cognition, and well-being in a market economy

The concept of market rationality discussed in the previous chapter assumes a kind of emotional neutrality (except for the anemic schedule of preferences) that is totally unrealistic. In the following discussion we turn first to the central role of emotions in the market economy and then to certain ways in which affect (emotions) and cognition influence each other, as when cognitive processes are called upon to define arousal or when, in reverse, a positivity bias changes perception. Research on emotions greatly alters our understanding of market satisfactions or utility. We then turn to the effects on emotions of market success and failure, followed by a discussion of the effects of good mood on market work and thought. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the relation between happiness and cognition, including speculation on whether rationality is really compatible with happiness, which is the ultimate maximization of utility. Markets as theaters of emotion If it be agreed that the theory of market rationality as an approximation to economic behavior is a mischievous fiction, what is to take its place? Some combination of emotion and cognition, no doubt, but the relation between these two is complex. We turn here to a few of the market relevant aspects of this relationship. Affect and arousal are the most encompassing of the terms dealing with this general area; emotions refer to something more specific, like fear, or pity; mood refers to an affect without specific target. The market stimulates arousal and is saturated with emotion: pride and shame and guilt (the three emotions that are identity related); anger and aggression; self-love, the foundation emotion, as Adam Smith pointed out.
Analytic Determination of Wrench Closure Workspace of Spatial Cable Driven Parallel Mechanisms

This paper proposes an efficient way of determining analytically the Wrench Closure Workspace (WCW) of spatial redundant cable-driven parallel mechanisms (CDPM). The method builds upon the boundary surface equations obtained from the null space of the structure matrix of CDPM. The set of feasible solutions is obtained that satisfies positive tension in the cables. This method was applied to characterize the WCW of spatial CDPM which has redundancy of 1 or 2. A simulation study was carried out to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the method. Several advantages over conventional approaches for determining the WCW were identified through simulation.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Vegetation Manipulation Impact on Predator and Prey Populations in Louisiana Sugarcane Ecosystems

A 3-year study on southeastern Louisiana sugarcane illustrated the beneficial impact of ground vegetation on predation enhancement. Abundance and diversity of both ground- and foliage-associated predators and prey were higher in weedy than in weed-free habitats. The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, a major predator of the key insect pest, the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), was more abundant in weedy (17 mounds per hal than in weed-free (5 mounds per ha) habitats. Foraging of S. invicta , however, was slightly higher in weed-free habitats. Azinphosmethyl, commonly used for D. saccharalis control, decreased system stability through food-web route disruption; use of this chemical decreased coleopterans, phytophagous insects collectively, and spiders 51, 35, and 67%, respectively. A subcompetitive stand of annual broadleaf weeds enhanced predator populations early in the season, then died back at canopy closure, thus eliminating competition lossesto the crop. Additionally, cane and sugar yields in broadleaf habitats and returns in dollars per ha averaged 19% higher than in the weed-free habitats. Predation system stabilization through floral, and consequently faunal, diversification proved to be a judicious and economically superior approach to integrated pest management in Louisiana sugarcane.
Growth in Sonoran Desert populations of the common chuckwalla ( Sauromalus obesus )

archies; rather, males were territorial regardless of density. However, it is unclear whether these density differences are associated with variation in other life history characters. We report on variation in growth rates of males and females of 2 populations in the Phoenix area that vary dramatically in density. We established study sites for 2 populations of Sauromalus near Phoenix, Arizona, in the north central Sonoran Desert. The South Mountains (“South”) study site (2.0 ha) was immediately south of Phoenix in the west central portion of the city park surrounding the South Mountains (33°20′26″N, 112°02′48″W), and the Lookout Mountain (“Lookout”) study site (10.4 ha) was in the southwestern section of the Lookout Mountain Preserve in the Phoenix Mountains of northern Phoenix (33°37′22″N, 112°03′12″W), Maricopa County, Arizona.
Do Compensation Consultants Have Distinct Styles

Using hand-collected compensation consultant data, we investigate whether compensation consultants exhibit distinct styles in the determination of CEO pay level and compensation structure. Our tests, which include the use of placebo samples that involve the scrambling of consultants as benchmarks, yield little evidence of idiosyncratic compensation consultant style. However, we do observe style-like effects and some resultant perverse outcomes either when (i) there is greater potential for client firms’ managers to take actions in their self-interest or (ii) consultants face conflicts of interest. Overall, we find evidence consistent with both the “efficient” and “agency” views of CEO compensation contracts.
Developmental cell-specific regulation of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and alpha 3-isoform gene expression.

Na(+)-K(+)-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase) is the integral membrane protein that maintains the Na(+)-K(+) electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Because of the ...
PHYSIOLOGICAL ARGININE VASOPRESSIN LEVELS DO NOT ENHANCE BAROREFLEX FUNCTION IN NORMAL HUMANS

Physiological increases in arginine vasopressin (AVP) have been shown to potentiate baroreflex activity in experimental animals. Pharmacological amounts of AVP have been shown to decrease sympathetic nervous system activity in humans, whereas the role of smaller increases in plasma AVP is unclear, either for baroreflex function or sympathetic activity. The present study tested the hypotheses that in normal humans physiological increases in plasma AVP would 1) decrease basal sympathetic nervous system activity as measured by systemic venous norepinephrine (NE) spillover; 2) enhance or restrain the increases in heart rate (HR), forearm vascular resistance, and NE spillover during baroreceptor unloading during head-up tilt; and 3) augment the decline in HR and NE spillover during baroreceptor loading with head-down tilt and/or with phenylephrine infusion plus head-down tilt. In the baroreceptor unloading studies, HR, arterial pressure, forearm blood flow, plasma NE, NE clearance, and NE spillover were assessed during infusions of AVP (plasma AVP 16-20 pg/ml) or vehicle (given double blind) in the supine position. All variables then were assessed during 15 min of head-up tilt. In the baroreflex loading studies, the same assessments (except forearm blood flow) were made during 15 min of head-down tilt followed by 15 min of head-down tilt plus phenylephrine. Compared with vehicle, AVP had no effect on the responses of any variable in the supine position or on the expected reflex responses during head-up tilt and head-down tilt plus phenylephrine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Perceptual Knowledge and Physical Objects

Up to now, I have been discussing inferential knowledge or knowledge that is based on the ability to offer reasons. Most philosophers have held that we also have non-inferential or “basic” knowledge. For the most part, they have taken this notion for granted, mainly because they have identified it with direct apprehension or “givenness” that can be indicated ostensively, but cannot be otherwise defined. A further complication is that philosophers have usually held that perceptual knowledge about physical objects is not basic but inferential, and rests on premisses about sense data or ideas. According to this view, the non-inferential element in knowledge does not lie in our interaction with the environment (i.e., in what I am calling perceptual knowledge), but is located further back in the mind itself. The result has been to deny that ordinary observation is the starting point of knowledge even though we naturally assume it is.
Reconstruction of genetically identified neurons imaged by serial-section electron microscopy

Neurons connect with each other to form complex circuits that underlie mental activities. Mapping these connections to obtain a so-called wiring diagram is an essential step in learning how the brain works. The only way to do this precisely enough is by using electron microscopy. However, this technique is so time-consuming that thousands of hours of work are typically required to image even the smallest of tissue samples. Electron microscopes fire beams of electrons at tissue samples, and detect the scattering of the electrons. Stains are used to make specific neurons less permeable to electrons, or more “electron dense”. Labeled cells scatter more electrons, which increases the contrast of the images. In an approach called serial-section electron microscopy, a tissue sample is first cut into extremely thin sections. These are imaged individually, and the images are then pieced together to reconstruct the sample. Joesch et al. have now developed a new procedure – named ARTEMIS – that uses a combination of multiple techniques to speed up the mapping of neurons and their connections. ARTEMIS makes use of genetic engineering, serial-scanning electron microscopy, an enhanced chemical staining procedure and a new image processing approach. First, gene technology is used to selectively stain specific types of neurons in mice and flies. Then, a tissue sample is collected and treated with a chemical that enhances the electron density of the stained neurons, without disrupting the tissue’s structure. Next, a labeled target neuron is imaged at relatively low resolution to reveal its overall structure. Small areas of that neuron are then re-imaged at higher resolution to map the connections between neurons. Lastly, an algorithm pieces together the individual images to produce a reconstruction of the cell. This pipeline of steps reduces the time required to map the shapes and connectivity of neurons with electron microscopy by some two orders of magnitude. This should enable neuroscientists to obtain more rapid insights into the roles of specific neural circuits in the brains of healthy animals, and to identify cases where this wiring goes awry and leads to disease.
Physiology of feeding in Tritonia I. behavior and mechanics

Tritonia diomedia locates its sea whip prey at a distance by detection of food odor gradients using its rhinophores. It then turns in the direction of ambient water currents which are detected by other sensory structures. Rate of locomotion is increased in water currents of higher velocity, or when the odor of certain coelenterates is added to the water stream. When food is centered on the oral veil surfaces it uses its radula, odontophore and jaws to bite‐off and ingest short sections. Feeding supersedes courtship‐copulation and resting behaviors, and is itself dominated by escape‐swimming in the behavioral hierarchy. Feeding involves a bite‐strike of the radula and jaws, and then a separate ingestion sequence involving odontophore movements which pull more food through the mouth and thrust it into the esophagus. Study of the innervation and co‐ordination of the musculature of the buccal mass as well as stimulation of selected neurons and nerve trunks indicate that feeding motor control is exerted from t...
Thermodynamic Calculation of Phase Equilibria in the Ti–Co and Ni–Sn Systems

A thermodynamic model for the titanium-cobalt system has been developed utilizing measured enthalpies of mixing of the liquid and evaluated phase-diagram data. The free energies of the liquid, bcc, fcc, and hcp solid solutions, and TiCo, Ti2Co, TiCo2, and TiCo3 compounds were calculated for a temperature of 400 K. The model and measured heats of crystallization have been used to predict the free energy of the metastable amorphous phase at 400 K, needed for comparison with experimental results on the mechanical alloying of Ti and Co. The predicted glass-forming range for alloys prepared by mechanical alloying is from 10 to 81.5 at. % Co. We adopted a similar approach for modeling the Ni–Sn system to calculate the free energies of Ni3Sn, and Ni3Sn2, and the liquid (amorphous) and fcc solid solutions in the nickel-rich region at 240 K. In this system the inclusion of the magnetic contribution to the free energy of the Ni-rich fcc solid solution is important in interpreting the results of mechanical alloying. We propose a simple transformation of the free-energy curves, which assists in the graphical identification of the glass-forming ranges.
Chemotherapy For Medulloblastoma

The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with poor-risk medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (MB/PNET) has been studied at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, PA.
The Use of Cosmeceuticals in Acne: Help or Hoax?

The use of cosmeceuticals by patients with acne is common; however, their role is unclear and confusing, with many asking, “Do they really help acne?” Cosmeceuticals are intermediate products between prescription medications and cosmetics, available to consumers over the counter. These products are popular and may be used without the direct supervision of a dermatologist, creating a practice gap in educating patients. Herein, a variety of cosmeceuticals are discussed, including retinoids, niacinamide, and glycolic acid. The evidence for and against cosmeceutical use in patients with acne is reviewed.
Comparison of Community Pharmacy Services in Urban and Suburban Areas, with Emphasis on Those for Older People:

Objective:To document and compare the availability and type of pharmacy services provided by community pharmacies to the elderly in an urban area (central city) and a suburban area of a large metropolitan area, as well as the use of pharmacy services by elderly people living in the study areas.Design:Questionnaire.Setting:Metropolitan Detroit, MI.Subjects:Pharmacies, pharmacists, and elderly people.Data Collection:Data were collected from the 1990 census and surveys of pharmacies, pharmacists, and elderly patients in the study areas.Results:There were fewer pharmacists, pharmacies, and pharmacy business hours available for the elderly living in the central city compared with the suburban area. Overall, the elderly generally felt satisfied with their pharmacists. Pharmacists indicated that less than half of their elderly patients with new prescriptions receive verbal/written information and few do little in the area of follow-up monitoring for elderly patients. The elderly in the central city are concerned...
Determinants of Independent Living Optimism among Adults with Multiple Sclerosis

This study investigated the relationship between cognitive, psychological and physical symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and independent living optimism among a sample of 5,082 adults with MS (females = 77.8%; Whites = 96.1%, age range 20 to 91 years). Data on physical, cognitive and psychological function were collected utilising standardised clinical measures including the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29, Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-5-Item version, and the Independent Living Optimism scale. Multiple regression analysis indicated that specific physical, psychological and cognitive factors contributed to the overall prediction model. The combined variables explained approximately 33% of the variance in independent living optimism. This study enables a specific, item-level understanding of the relationship between MS-related symptoms and independent living optimism, and provides important information for the development of targeted rehabilitation interventions.
Empirically-Derived, Constitutive Damping Model for Cellular Silicone

One of the more common forms of passive vibration isolation in mechanical systems has been the use of elastomeric or foam pads. Cellular silicone foam is one such example which has been used for vibration isolation and mitigating the effects of mechanical shock. There are many desirable properties of cellular silicone, including its resilience and relative insensitivity to environmental extremes. However, there is very little test data that is useful for understanding its dynamic characteristics or for the development of a predictive finite element model. The problem becomes increasingly difficult since foam materials typically exhibit nonlinear damping and stiffness characteristics. In this paper we present a test fixture design and method for extraction of a few dynamic properties of one type of cellular silicone foam pad. The nonlinear damping characteristics derived from the experimental testing are then used to attempt to improve the predictive capability of a linear finite element model of the system. Difficulties and lessons learned are also presented.
Conditioned Stimulus Form Does Not Explain Failures to See Pavlovian-Instrumental-Transfer With Ethanol-Paired Conditioned Stimuli

BACKGROUND Pavlovian-Instrumental-Transfer (PIT) examines the effects of associative learning upon instrumental responding. Previous studies examining PIT with ethanol (EtOH)-maintained responding showed increases in responding following presentation of an EtOH-paired conditioned stimulus (CS). Recently, we conducted 2 studies examining PIT with an EtOH-paired CS. One of these found increases in responding, while the other did not. This less robust demonstration of PIT may have resulted from the form of the CS used, as we used a 120-second light stimulus as a CS, while the previous studies used either a 120-second auditory stimulus or a 10-second light stimulus. This study examined whether using conditions similar to our earlier study, but with either a 120-second auditory or a 10-second light stimulus as a CS, resulted in more robust PIT. We also examined the reliability of our previous failure to observe PIT. METHODS Three experiments were conducted examining whether PIT was obtained using (i) a 120-second light stimulus, (ii) a 10-second light stimulus, or (iii) a 120-second auditory stimulus as CSs. RESULTS We found PIT was not obtained using (i) a 120-second light stimulus as a CS, (ii) a 10-second light stimulus as a CS, or (iii) a 120-second auditory stimulus as a CS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CS form does not account for our earlier failure to see PIT. Rather, factors like rat strain or how EtOH drinking is induced may account for when PIT is or is not observed.
A stable scheme and its convergence analysis for a 2D dynamic Q-tensor model of nematic liquid crystals

We propose an unconditionally stable numerical scheme for a 2D dynamic Q-tensor model of nematic liquid crystals. This dynamic Q-tensor model is an L2-gradient flow generated by the liquid crystal ...
DSM-IV Diagnosis of Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Implications and Guidelines for School Mental Health Teams.

The DSM-IV criteria for conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are reviewed. These diagnoses are compared with their counterparts in DSM-III-R, and the rationale and empirica...
Relationship Between Poverty and Mortality in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

OBJECTIVE A prior study established that concurrent poverty, persistent poverty, and exiting poverty were associated with the subsequent extent of damage accumulation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we examined whether concurrent poverty affects mortality after taking extent of damage accumulation into account. METHODS Analyses were conducted on 807 persons with SLE participating in the University of California-San Francisco Lupus Outcomes Study in 2009, stratified by whether they lived in households with incomes ≤125% of the federal poverty level in that year. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the risk of mortality as a function of poverty status, with and without adjustment for demographics; lupus status, including extent of disease damage; overall health status; health behaviors; and health care characteristics. RESULTS Among 807 individuals interviewed in 2009, 71 (8.8%) had died by 2015, 57 (8.3%) among the nonpoor and 14 (12.1%) among the poor (P = 0.18). With adjustment only for age, poverty in 2009 was associated with an increased risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 2.14 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.18-3.88]) through 2015. However, after adjustment for extent of damage and age, poverty was no longer associated with an increased risk of mortality (HR 1.68 [95% CI 0.91-3.10]). Among those who died, those who were poor lived 13.9 fewer years (95% CI 6.9-20.8; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The principal way that poverty results in higher mortality in SLE is by increasing the extent of damage accumulation.
Rapid Tempering of High Speed Steel

1—Rapid induction tempering of W-Mo high speed steel produces mechanical properties, as indicated by hardness and bend test results, which are approximately equal to those resulting from conventional long-time tempering treatments. 2—Short-time tempering data for high speed steel exhibits a lack of conformance to the tempering parameter T (c + log t). It appears that tempering reactions are accelerated by rapid induction tempering to rates considerably greater than those predicted by the parameter. Plastic deformation or thermal strain during the heating part of the short tempering cycle is thought to be the cause of the tempering anomaly. It is believed that such strain accelerates the tempering reactions during rapid heating so as to place the steel in an advanced state of tempering at the instant the tempering temperature is reached. This advanced state will not proceed significantly until after a period of time depending on the extent of advancement. Induction-tempered, high speed steel which is held at the tempering temperature by short power impulses is found to undergo additional acceleration of the tempering reactions during the holding period. This is thought to be due to small thermal strain produced by the temperature oscillations. By this method of tempering maximum secondary hardness may be reached in at least a few minutes at a temperature which would normally require 1 hr by conventional methods. 3—At maximum secondary hardness, high speed steel which is induction tempered by rapid heating exhibits a slightly greater proportion of retained austenite than does the steel which is conventionally tempered for long times. 4—Maximum bend strength for high speed steel whether tempered rapidly by induction or slowly by salt bath approximately coincides with the completion of the retained austenite transformation.
Prospective Relation Between Peer Victimization and Suicidal Ideation: Potential Cognitive Mediators

The current study combines models about the effects of peer victimization on negative self-cognitions with models about the effects of negative cognitions on suicidal ideation. In a two-wave longitudinal investigation of high schoolers (N = 192) and college students (N = 142), the study examined perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and hopelessness as mediators of the prospective relation between peer victimization and suicidal ideation. Path analyses yielded three findings: (a) peer victimization predicted perceived burdensomeness but not thwarted belongingness or hopelessness; (b) perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and hopelessness each predicted suicidal ideation; and (c) perceived burdensomeness mediated part of the relation between peer victimization and suicidal ideation. These patterns were consistent across samples and did not differ significantly by gender. Results are consistent with aspects of all three original models and provide support for a new cognitive mediation model regarding the relation of peer victimization to suicidal ideation.
Grizzel Greedigut: A Name ‘No Mortall Could Invent’

Matthew Hopkins, England’s most notorious witch hunter, rested his reputation on his experience in confronting the supernatural. To this end, he greatly exaggerated the intensity of his first encou...
Obesity-induced alteration in iron metabolism via elevated hepcidin and the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer among Caucasians.

1597 Background: Obesity is an established risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer and also induces iron dysregulation via elevated hepcidin (hepatic peptide hormone). Hepcidin degrades ferrop...
Persistent breast pain in post-surgery breast cancer survivors and women with no history of breast surgery or cancer: associations with pain catastrophizing, perceived breast cancer risk, breast cancer worry, and emotional distress

Background: Persistent breast pain (PBP) is prevalent among breast cancer survivors and has powerful negative psychological consequences. The present study provided a first test of the hypothesis t...
Active magnetic sensing for subterranean urban target discrimination

Location and identification of subterranean infrastructure is crucial for managing and maintaining urban infrastructure and utility, and locating subsurface hazards. Low-frequency oscillating magnetic fields suffer less attenuation due to propagating media than ground penetrating radar. Here, electronically-geared, rotating neodymium magnets project oscillating magnetic fields which are manipulated to provide object identification from rapid analysis of dynamic magnetometer data. Ferromagnetic materials interact directly with the rotating magnetic field. Eddy currents, which induce a counter-propagating magnetic field, are generated in conductive, non-ferromagnetic materials. Two applications are highlighted by preliminary experiments: discrimination between copper, aluminum and steel pipes, and improved detection of buried explosive devices.
Mapping the 3D extent of the Stillwater Complex, Montana—Implications for potential platinum group element exploration and development

Abstract Geophysical models characterize the exposed and interpreted buried extent of the Stillwater Complex, critical for understanding the origin of the layered mafic intrusion and its associated high-grade platinum group element resources. The 3D models, constrained by gravity, magnetic, xenolith, seismic, borehole, and rock property data indicate that the likely maximum extent of the Stillwater Complex beneath Phanerozoic cover is ~10 times greater than its outcrop, ~2240 km2. The thickness values are poorly constrained but vary from ~7000 to 12,000 m, depending on crustal and mantle density variations and depths to the top of the lower crust and mantle. This thickness may include dense metasedimentary units of the basin into which the Stillwater Complex intruded. Using the modeled thickness results in a volume estimate of ~24,700 km3, albeit poorly constrained. New analyses of xenoliths from the Cretaceous Sliderock and Suzie Peak intrusions produce ages of 2706–2716 Ma, corresponding to the age of the Stillwater Complex, and 2813 Ma, corresponding to the age of Archean gneissic basement. Seismic reflectors in inferred Archean crystalline basement, possibly including the Stillwater Complex, dip ~25–30° north, with segments dipping as much as 70° north. Layered reflectors beneath the Phanerozoic sedimentary section and above the inferred Archean crystalline basement may represent metasedimentary units, perhaps a southern extension of the Mesoproterozoic Belt Basin. The potential field models and the seismic reflection data suggest that the Stillwater Complex was dipping northward prior to deposition of Cambrian strata, perhaps uplifted in the late Archean or Proterozoic as previously proposed, and that during Laramide times, faulting and intrusions highly disrupted the complex. Temperature measurements from boreholes help constrain the depths of feasible mining of the complex.
Complex Blends of Synthetic Pheromones are Effective Multi-Species Attractants for Longhorned Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

The wood-boring larvae of longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) can be important pests of woody plants, particularly as invasive species introduced by international commerce. Previous research has revealed that cerambycid species native to different parts of the world often share the same aggregation-sex pheromones and that pheromones of different species can be combined to create multi-species attractants that would be advantageous for surveillance monitoring for a number of species simultaneously. To explore the extent to which these chemicals can be combined into single lures, we developed four different blends of six to eight compounds and tested their effects as attractants for a community of longhorned beetle species in Iowa. The blends included known pheromones of species native to the study site, as well as pheromones identified from cerambycid species native to other parts of the world. The experiment confirmed that several cerambycid species were attracted by specific blends, in accordance with their known pheromone chemistry, and despite the presence of pheromone components of heterospecifics. This finding lends further support to developing multi-component blends that can effectively monitor for new incursions of multiple exotic species concurrently.
How Psychological Processes Impact Voter Decision Making

It has often been said that the political is personal. It may be more informative to say that the political is psychological. Although we like to think that voting decisions are based on a careful examination of facts and positions, a wealth of research evidence indicates that psychological factors, most of which operate beneath the level of awareness, have great influence on voting decisions. Although as humans we are blessed with logic and reason, we are also “cognitive misers,” which means that we tend not to use any more mental energy than feels absolutely necessary. Although this has many adaptive benefits, especially in situations when quick action is necessary, it also presents many challenges, especially when trying to make informed decisions about complicated issues. This chapter examines the many ways that voting decision making is affected by a whole host of psychological processes, ranging the role of classic psychological concepts such as defense mechanisms and archetypes to factors identified by recent research such as the “makes sense stopping rule.” Although the primary focus of this chapter is on voters, since many of the same challenges also impact politicians, the difficulties that governing officials face are also briefly addressed. The chapter concludes with a brief reflection on how recent changes to both the political and media landscape are playing upon human psychological tendencies in both negative and positive ways.
Sub-posets in ωω and the strong Pytkeev⁎ property

Abstract Tukey order is used to compare the cofinal complexity of partially order sets (posets). We prove that there is a 2 c -sized collection of sub-posets in 2 ω which forms an antichain in the sense of Tukey ordering. Using the fact that any boundedly-complete sub-poset of ω ω is a Tukey quotient of ω ω , we answer two open questions published in [14] . The relation between P-base and strong Pytkeev⁎ property is investigated. Let P be a poset equipped with a second-countable topology in which every convergent sequence is bounded. Then we prove that any topological space with a P-base has the strong Pytkeev⁎ property. Furthermore, we prove that every uncountably-dimensional locally convex space (lcs) with a P-base contains an infinite-dimensional metrizable compact subspace. Examples in function spaces are given.
Murder on the Ovarian Express: A Tale of Non-Autonomous Cell Death in the Drosophila Ovary

Throughout oogenesis, Drosophila egg chambers traverse the fine line between survival and death. After surviving the ten early and middle stages of oogenesis, egg chambers drastically change their size and structure to produce fully developed oocytes. The development of an oocyte comes at a cost, the price is the lives of the oocyte's 15 siblings, the nurse cells. These nurse cells do not die of their own accord. Their death is dependent upon their neighbors-the stretch follicle cells. Stretch follicle cells are nonprofessional phagocytes that spend the final stages of oogenesis surrounding the nurse cells and subsequently forcing the nurse cells to give up everything for the sake of the oocyte. In this review, we provide an overview of cell death in the ovary, with a focus on recent findings concerning this phagocyte-dependent non-autonomous cell death.
A Shuffling Of The Guard: Audit Committee Exit As A Response To Financial Restatements

Financial restatements can lead to numerous substantive and symbolic actions that help offending firms regain legitimacy. Prior research has generally focused on “changing of the guard” as a respon...
Treatment of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Persons with Traumatic Brain Injury: a Narrative Review of Current Challenges from Practicing Clinicians

This narrative review by experienced dysphagia clinicians will highlight both commonly used intervention approaches based on current literature and clinical decision-making considerations specific to patients following TBI. Dysphagia (swallowing disorder) is common following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and requires complex clinical decision-making that integrates both current research and anecdotal clinical experience from dysphagia clinicians. Dysphagia may pose significant barriers to a patient’s recovery course due to insufficient nutritional intake or adverse pulmonary sequelae from aspiration. Effective treatment of dysphagia is vital to the long-term health outcomes of patients recovering from TBI; however, there remains a paucity of research related to dysphagia intervention specific to this group of patients. Practicing clinicians must currently devise treatment plans based largely on clinical expertise combined with what current literature is available, drawing largely from research in related neurologic populations.
Elevated inflammatory gene expression in intervertebral disc tissues in mice with ADAM8 inactivated.

We found ADAM8 enzymatic activity elevated in degenerative human intervertebral disc (IVD). Here, we examined the discs in ADAM8-inactivation mice that carry a mutation preventing self-activation of the enzyme. Surprisingly, elevated gene expression for inflammatory markers (Cxcl1, IL6) was observed in injured discs of ADAM8 mutant mice, along with elevated expression of type 2 collagen gene (Col2a1), compared with wild type controls. Injured annulus fibrosus of mutant and wild type mice contained a higher proportion of large collagen fibers compared with intact discs, as documented by microscopic examination under circular polarized light. In the intact IVDs, Adam8EQ mouse AF contained lower proportion of yellow (intermediate) fiber than WT mice. This suggests that ADAM8 may regulate inflammation and collagen fiber assembly. The seemingly contradictory findings of elevated inflammatory markers in mutant mice and excessive ADAM8 activity in human degenerative discs suggest that ADAM8 may interact with other enzymatic and pro-inflammatory processes needed for tissue maintenance and repair. As a future therapeutic intervention to retard intervertebral disc degeneration, partial inhibition of ADAM8 proteolysis may be more desirable than complete inactivation of this enzyme.
CAD-based off-line programming applied to a cleaning and deburring workstation

This paper describes a research project for CAD-based off-line robot programming. The research focuses on the specific problem of programming robots in the Cleaning and Deburring Workstation in the Automated Manufacturing Research Facility (AMRF) at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). A baseline capability is first established with a commercially available off-line programming software package. From this experience, the package will be modified to incorporate geometric reasoning, an object oriented database, and an NBS hierarchical control system. Eventually, the off-line programming techniques will produce executable programs which will be run by the NBS hierarchical control system.
A note on 2SLS estimation of the mixed regressive spatial autoregressive model

Abstract This paper considers the mixed regressive spatial autoregressive model in an important special case where the spatially lag term is collinear with the regressors. The asymptotic properties of the two-stage least square (2SLS) estimator suggested by Kelejian and Prucha (1998) are derived under such a circumstance. Although the coefficients of the spatial effect cannot be consistently estimated, the coefficients of regressors may still be consistently estimated with a regular n speed of convergence, for example, when all instruments are irrelevant. Furthermore, when the coefficient of the spatial effect is close to 1, it could be also consistently estimated.
STRESS REPETITIONS IN PAVEMENT DESIGN

IF REPETITIONS OF STRESS OR LOADS ARE NOW /AS OF 1965/ IMPORTANT IN PAVEMENT DESIGN, THEY MUST ALWAYS HAVE BEEN IMPORTANT IN DESIGN. THEY HAVE NOT SUDDENLY BECOME SIGNIFICANT, WHEN THEY WERE NOT FORMERLY SO, BECAUSE OF A RECENT RESEARCH FINDING OR OTHER TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT. MANY DESIGNERS HAVE LONG RECOGNIZED THE NEED TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN HEAVILY AND LIGHTLY TRAFFICKED PAVEMENTS IN REGARD TO DESIGN STRENGTHS. IT IS TRUE, HOWEVER, THAT RECENT FINDINGS AND DEVELOPMENTS ARE MAKING INADEQUATE THE MERE RECOGNITION OF SUCH CATEGORIES AS HEAVILY TRAVELED OR PRIMARY. PAST METHODS AND KNOWLEDGE REQUIRING ONLY CRUDE DETERMINATIONS OF STRESS REPETITION WILL NO LONGER SUFFICE. ALTHOUGH PRECISE DETERMINATIONS OF STRESS REPETITIONS MAY NOT BE POSSIBLE, FUTURE PROGRESS DEMANDS BETTER MEANS OF REALISTICALLY DETERMINING QUANTITIES AND EFFECTS OF LOAD REPETITIONS. VARIOUS PROBLEM AREAS INVOLVED IN DETERMINING QUANTITIES AND EFFECTS OF STRESS REPETITIONS ARE DELINEATED. /AUTHOR/
Autoimmune inflammatory myopathies.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes current knowledge in the clinical presentation, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of autoimmune inflammatory myopathies. The autoimmune inflammatory myopathies constitute a heterogeneous group of subacute, chronic and rarely acute, acquired diseases of skeletal muscle that have in common the presence of mode rate to severe muscle weakness and inflammation in the muscle. The diseases are clinically important because they represent the largest group of acquired and potentially treatable myopathies. On the basis of clinical, demographic, histologic, and immunopathological studies, the most common and clearly defined inflammatory myopathies, occurring in isolation or in association with other systemic disorders or viral infections, include polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), and sporadic inclusion body myositis. Both PM and DM present a varying degree of muscle weakness that usually develops slowly, over weeks to months, but rarely acutely. Dermatomyositis occurs in both children and adults. It is a distinct clinical entity identified by a characteristic rash. Common errors, misconceptions, and practical guidelines in the diagnosis and management of PM and DM are given.
Allotetraploid segregation for single-gene morphological characters in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Cytological evidence suggests the Andean grain crop quinoa is an allotetraploid, but in the few genetic studies which have been published a functionally diploid (disomic-monogenic) model has been assumed for segregation at individual loci in this species. In this study, controlled crosses using male sterile plants as female parents produced F1 and F2 generations segregating for three different single-gene morphological traits. Allelic segregation analysis revealed a range of F1 and F2 ratios indicative of both disomic-digenic and tetrasomic inheritance in two of these traits, as well as distorted F2 ratios suggesting erratic multivalent formation at meiosis. These results are consistent with allotetraploidy in quinoa, with functional alleles having been retained at some duplicate loci and at least some association occurring between homoeologous chromosomes. Tetrasomic segregation ratios observed in a minority of families may be due to reciprocal fragment exchange between homoeologues. The occurrence of tetraploid segregations at some loci in quinoa complicates breeding and genetic studies in the crop.