cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Transhepatic Embolization as Treatment for Bleeding Ileostomy Varices

We report two patients with bleeding stomal varices following total colectomy and ileostomy. The varices were demonstrated by superior mesenteric angiography and percutaneous transhepatic mesenteric venography; dilated ileal veins drained via the stomal varices into abdominal wall veins. Bleeding from the stomal varices was treated by transhepatic embolization. The first patient required three transhepatic embolizations after recurrent bleeding due to recanalization of the embolized ileal vein and the development of collaterals from the adjacent ileal veins over a one-year period. The second patient died of respiratory failure 1 week after embolization. Neither patient developed mesenteric or stomal ischemia.
LABOR IMMIGRATION IN THE ARAB GULF STATES: PATTERNS, TRENDS AND PROBLEMS

This is an overview of recent labor immigration in Bahrain Iraq Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Attention is given to factors contributing to the dependence of these countries on migrant labor the impact of the decline in oil revenues and future trends in the size and skill composition of the foreign labor supply. (ANNOTATION)
Status of Knowledge of Radiation Embrittlement in U.S. Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels

Advances in experimental research in the United States toward an improved understanding of property changes in steel by elevated temperature ( about 288/sup 0/ C) irradiation ar summarized. Four areas of investigation are reviewed, including the confirmation and demonstration of guidelines for radiation-resistant steels, the isolation of metallurgical factors contributing to variable radiation embrittlement sensitivity, the qualification of in situ heat treatments for periodic vessel embrittlement relief, and the correlation of notch ductility and fracture toughness changes with irradiation. Overall, the current state of the art provides both a high capability for tailoring steels for radiation service in new vessel construction and a promising method for controlling radiation embrittlement buildup in existing vessel construction.
Associations between bacterial contamination of health care workers' hands and contamination of white coats and scrubs

Background Uniforms are potential reservoirs for hospital organisms, potentially reinfecting the hands of health care workers (HCWs). The study aimed to determine the association between the bacterial contamination of HCWs' hands and uniforms (white coats and scrubs). Methods HCWs working in 5 intensive care units had cultures obtained from their hands and uniforms (white coats or scrubs). Pathogens were defined as any gram-negative bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus , and enterococci. Results Bacterial growth was detected on 103 hands (86%); 13 (11%) grew S aureus , 7 (6%) grew Acinetobacter spp, 2 (2%) grew enterococci, and 83 (70%) grew only skin flora. The presence of pathogens on the hands was associated with a greater likelihood of the presence of pathogens on white coats (κ = 0.81; P P = .036). Similarly, the presence of Acinetobacter on HCWs' hands was associated with a greater likelihood of Acinetobacter contamination of white coats (κ = 0.70; P P = .024). Conclusions Contamination of provider's hands with pathogens or Acinetobacter baumannii was associated with contamination of white coats. This association was not observed between hands and scrubs, however.
Identification of Breast Cancer DNA Methylation Markers Optimized for Fine-Needle Aspiration Samples

Background: Random periareolar fine-needle aspiration (RP-FNA) is increasingly used in trials of breast cancer prevention for biomarker assessments. DNA methylation markers may have value as surrogate endpoint biomarkers, but this requires identification of biologically relevant markers suitable for paucicellular, lymphocyte-contaminated clinical samples. Methods: Unbiased whole-genome 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5AZA)–induced gene expression assays, followed by several phases of qualitative and quantitative methylation-specific PCR (MSP) testing, were used to identify novel breast cancer DNA methylation markers optimized for clinical FNA samples. Results: The initial 5AZA experiment identified 453 genes whose expression was potentially regulated by promoter region methylation. Informatics filters excluded 273 genes unlikely to yield useful DNA methylation markers. MSP assays were designed for 271 of the remaining genes and, ultimately, 33 genes were identified that were differentially methylated in clinical breast cancer samples, as compared with benign RP-FNA samples, and never methylated in lymphocytes. A subset of these markers was validated by quantitative multiplex MSP in extended clinical sample sets. Using a novel permutation method for analysis of quantitative methylation data, PSAT1, GNE, CPNE8 , and CXCL14 were found to correlate strongly with specific clinical and pathologic features of breast cancer. In general, our approach identified markers methylated in a smaller subpopulation of tumor cells than those identified in published methylation array studies. Conclusions: Clinically relevant DNA methylation markers were identified using a 5AZA-induced gene expression approach. Impact: These breast cancer-relevant, FNA-optimized DNA methylation markers may have value as surrogate endpoint biomarkers in RP-FNA studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(12); 2212–21. ©2013 AACR . This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, [p. 2143][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/22/2143?iss=12
Bile salt export pump is highly conserved during vertebrate evolution and its expression is inhibited by PFIC type II mutations.

Bile secretion is a fundamental function of the liver of all vertebrates and is generated by ATP-dependent transport proteins at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, particularly by the bile salt export pump BSEP. To determine the evolutionary origin and structure-function relationship of this transport mechanism, a liver cDNA library from the marine skate Raja erinacea, a 200 million-year-old vertebrate, was screened for BSEP orthologues. A full-length clone was isolated that encodes for 1,348 amino acids and shares 68.5% identity to human BSEP. Northern blot analysis revealed a 5-kb transcript only in skate liver. Expression of skate Bsep in Sf9 cells demonstrated a sixfold stimulation of ATP-dependent taurocholate transport compared with controls, with a Michaelis-Menten constant of 15 μM, which is comparable to rat Bsep. Sequences at the site of published mutations in human BSEP are also conserved in skate Bsep. When two of these mutations were introduced into the skate Bsep cDNA, this resulted in...
Pyrosequencing of plastid 23S rRNA genes reveals diverse and dynamic cyanobacterial and algal populations in two eutrophic lakes

Pyrosequencing of plastid 23S rRNA genes was performed to determine the usefulness of this methodology for describing spatial and temporal patterns of algal diversity in two eutrophic lakes. The majority of the sequences were identified as known cyanobacteria or eukaryotic algae (> 70% of sequence reads), indicating this approach can specifically recover algal sequences from complex communities. Furthermore, estimated coverage of the data sets indicated that the majority of the 23S rRNA genetic diversity was recovered in these surveys. Communities from algal mats could be clearly distinguished from algae in the water column, and the communities could be readily differentiated between the two lakes, suggesting that the plastid 23S rRNA sequencing was able to distinguish niche and biogeographic partitioning of algal communities. Within the sequence data sets, the ratio of cyanobacteria to eukaryotic algae fluctuated over the course of sampling, with cyanobacteria 23S rRNA sequences being more abundant in later samples. In addition, the eukaryotic algae communities showed large shifts in composition over the course of sampling. Taken together, these data demonstrate the usefulness of targeted plastid 23S rRNA sequencing for describing the structure and dynamics of complex algal communities.
Standing in the Desert: Prudential Standing in Wilderness Society v. Kane County

Kane County, Utah stripped federal land in southern Utah of signs prohibiting off-road vehicles. Despite pleas from The Wilderness Society (TWS), a conservation organization, the county passed an ordinance legalizing its actions. TWS filed suit, claiming the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution prohibited the county from interfering with federally authorized signs. On January 11, 2011, an en banc opinion of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals denied prudential standing to TWS. The court characterized the case as a property dispute, finding that TWS was impermissibly asserting the rights of the federal government. This Comment explores how the court’s analysis neglected the individual harms asserted by TWS’s members and applied the rules of prudential standing without deference to the separation of powers concept from
Organized migration of epithelial cells requires control of adhesion and protrusion through Rho kinase effectors.

Migration of epithelial cell sheets, a process involving F-actin restructuring through Rho family GTPases, is both physiologically and pathophysiologically important. Our objective was to clarify t...
Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on Oxidation of Copper in CMP Slurries Containing Glycine and Cu Sulfate

This study compares the oxidative dissolution, passivation, and polishing behavior of copper chemical mechanical polishing in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, glycine and copper sulfate. High purity discs were used to study the dissolution and oxidation kinetics under static and dynamic conditions at pH 4 with varying H2O2 concentrations. Changes in surface chemistry of the statically etched copper-disc were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). With the addition of glycine and copper sulfate to the slurry, the copper removal rates increased significantly and the maximum removal rate shifted to a H2O2 concentration of 3%. Electrochemical investigation indicates an enhanced dissolution of copper, which might be due to the strong catalytic activity of Cu(II)-glycine complexes in decomposing H2O2 to yield hydroxyl radicals. XPS results suggest that the passivation at higher H2O2 concentrations in the presence of glycine and copper sulfate is provided by the OH radicals adsorbed on Cu surface.
Transonic Equivalence Rule: Unresolved Aspects of Asymptotic and CFD Studies

Theoretical and experimental studies of the transonic equivalence rule with lift are discussed with a view for shedding light on several unresolved aspects of the related asymptotic, CFD and wind-tunnel investigations.
Mapping Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase and Protein Disulfide Isomerase Regions of Interaction

Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is a heterodimeric nitric oxide (NO) receptor that produces cyclic GMP. This signaling mechanism is a key component in the cardiovascular system. NO binds to heme in the β subunit and stimulates the catalytic conversion of GTP to cGMP several hundred fold. Several endogenous factors have been identified that modulate sGC function in vitro and in vivo. In previous work, we determined that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) interacts with sGC in a redox-dependent manner in vitro and that PDI inhibited NO-stimulated activity in cells. To our knowledge, this was the first report of a physical interaction between sGC and a thiol-redox protein. To characterize this interaction between sGC and PDI, we first identified peptide linkages between sGC and PDI, using a lysine cross-linking reagent and recently developed mass spectrometry analysis. Together with Flag-immunoprecipitation using sGC domain deletions, wild-type (WT) and mutated PDI, regions of sGC involved in this interaction were identified. The observed data were further explored with computational modeling to gain insight into the interaction mechanism between sGC and oxidized PDI. Our results indicate that PDI interacts preferentially with the catalytic domain of sGC, thus providing a mechanism for PDI inhibition of sGC. A model in which PDI interacts with either the α or the β catalytic domain is proposed.
Reduced Insecticide Use in Almonds Through Selective Application

Data that demonstrate feasibility of considerably reducing number of hectares of almonds treated with insecticides for navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), control at hullsplit of the ‘Nonpareil’ cultivar are presented. Comparisons between a standard insecticide program in which all cultivars are treated and a modified coverage program in which treatment of mid- to late-maturing pollinizing cultivars are omitted showed no significant differences in infestation levels by navel orangeworm. No significant differences in spider mite levels between programs were observed. Potential for conservation of western predatory mite, Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt), is also discussed.
Charcot Ankle Fusion with a Retrograde Locked Intramedullary Nail

Twenty patients with severe neuropathic (Charcot) ankle deformities underwent 21 attempted ankle fusions with a retrograde locked intramedullary nail as an alternative to amputation. All had insens...
Antagonism of dicumarol by vitamin K preparations.

DICUMAROL is of proved value in the prophylaxis and treatment of thromboembolic disease. In recent years it has come into general clinical usage. The narrow margin between a clinically effective prothrombin level and the prothrombin level at which bleeding occurs imposes a certain hazard in treatment. Even with the most careful management of Dicumarol therapy, an unsuspected complication such as an asymptomatic peptic ulcer may result in fatal hemorrhage. The literature attests the seriousness of such bleeding in patients treated with Dicumarol.1 2 3 4 In event of hemorrhage it is of the utmost importance to remedy quickly the coagulation defect produced by . . .
High Resolution Sedimentary Record of Organochlorine Pesticides in Sediment Cores from Tian'ezhou Oxbow

Organochlorine pesticides(OCPs) in the sediment cores of Tian'ezhou Oxbow were detected by GC-ECD,of which vertical distribution was discussed with 210Pb dating data.20 compounds were detected.The concentration of total OCPs varies from 1.19ng/g to 333.67ng/g(dw) and the mean value is 62.54ng/g(dw).The study shows that the frequent use of OCPs in this area began in late 1960s.Yangtze River flow changed its way in 1972 and since then the OCPs contamination from Yangtze River has declined and maintained low level after the banning on OCPs use by Chinese Government.The OCPs contamination in the sediment was mainly historical residues though new input,such as Lindane,might have occurred until around the year of 2004..
Binding of Aminoalkylindoles to Noncannabinoid Binding Sites in NG108-15 Cells

1. Aminoalkylindoles, typified by WIN 55212-2, bind to G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors in brain. Although cannabinoids inhibit adenylyl cyclase in NG108-15 neuroblastoma × glioma hybrid cells, cannabinoid receptor binding in these cells has not been described previously. This study compares pharamcological characteristics of [3H]WIN 55212-2 binding sites in rat cerebellar membranes and in NG108-15 membranes.
Tyrosine kinase regulates epithelial sodium transport in A6 cells.

Insulin increases epithelial Na+ reabsorption, and many of its actions involve tyrosine kinase. We used tyrosine kinase inhibitors to examine the role of tyrosine kinase in the action of insulin. Pretreatment of Na+ transporting cells with tyrosine kinase inhibitors attenuates the subsequent action of insulin, suggesting that the action of insulin on epithelial Na+ transport involves tyrosine kinase activity. In addition to their effect on insulin-induced Na+ transport, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors also significantly reduce Na+ transport in Na(+)-transporting epithelial cells, suggesting that there is a significant tonic tyrosine kinase activity that modulates epithelial Na+ transport. Using patch-clamp methods, we found that one inhibitor, genistein, reduces the number of active Na+ channels in cell-attached patches without significantly affecting the open probability of any remaining channels. The effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors are not due to inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA), since H89,...
Evaluation of travel and use as a risk factor for seropositivity to Ehrlichia risticii in horses of New York state.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether mean annual frequency and destination of equine travel was associated with exposure to Ehrlichia risticii and whether these associations were modified by horses' place of residence. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 511 equine operations containing 2,587 horses were visited in New York state from a target population of 39,000 operations. PROCEDURE: Each horse was tested for serum antibodies against E risticii, using indirect fluorescent antibody. Information on the horse's travel history, farm's management practices, and surrounding ecology was obtained by personal interview and resource maps. Statistical analyses were performed on 2 cohorts of animals: all horses enrolled in the study and horses born on the property or that resided at least 4 years on the farm. Three county-based risk regions (RR) were identified by use of cluster analysis. RESULTS: Mean seroprevalence for each of the 3 RR was 2.4 (low risk), 8.5 (moderate risk), and 18.5% (high risk) for cohort 1 and 2.5, 8.0, and 18.4% for cohort 2. Among cohorts 1 and 2, pleasure riding and breeding trips were associated with exposure to E risticii, but horse residence (low, moderate, or high RR) was an effect modifier for these associations. Among cohort 1 and stratifying the analysis according to the RR for the travel destination, trail riding at low RR and trail riding at high RR were associated with exposure. Among cohort 2 and stratifying the analysis according to the RR for the travel destination, breeding trips were associated with exposure, and strong effect modification was present for horse residence (low, moderate, or high RR). CONCLUSIONS: Only certain types of travel to specific RR were associated with higher risk of exposure to E risticii. In many instances, travel was not associated, or was associated, with a reduced risk of exposure.
War, Death and Savagery in Lucretius: The Beasts of Battle in 5.1308-49

‘Perhaps the most astonishing paragraph in the poem’ is Bailey's often quoted comment on 5.1308-49, the account of how men of the past tried to use wild beasts in war. ‘Fantastic’, ‘strange’, ‘bizarre’, ‘astonishing’, the product of ‘an intelligence fevered, perverted and cancerous’, a display of ‘obsessive exaltation’—such are the puzzled reactions of scholars to these disturbing lines.The most recent commentator finds it full of ‘macabre and gory detail’ and ‘not integrated properly into its context’. And his reviewer's approval threatens to undo forty years' work on the patterns of thought, symbol and image in Lucretius: Bailey's biographical explanation, the poet's subjection to hallucination and even mental derangement, it is observed, ‘has never been satisfactorily refuted’. Even scholars who have sought to explain the passage rather than delete it as an interpolation or an aberration wonder whether the poet ‘has triumphed over the philosopher’ and therefore is called back to a more sober reality by the ‘recantation’ of 1341-49 (such things probably did not happen but might have, given the infinity of possible worlds).
Creating learning outcomes from threshold concepts for information literacy instruction

ABSTRACTThreshold concepts and learning outcomes represent two different ways of thinking about teaching and learning. Finding a way to translate between the two is necessary for librarians who may wish to use concepts from the Framework for Information Literacy to shape their instruction. The following article outlines a process for transforming concepts from the “Scholarship as Conversation” frame into learning outcomes that the author developed as part of a tutorial project. This process can easily be adapted to a variety of instructional situations.
The Role of RAWUL and SAM in Polycomb Repression Complex 1 Assembly and Function

Abstract The faithful inheritance of the gene expression program requires not only modifications to DNA and histones but also reestablishment of the three-dimensional state of chromatin. The forces that underlie assembly of these states are the collection of noncovalent interaction modules present in all epigenetic regulatory proteins. The focus here is on two protein interaction domains, the RING finger and WD40-associated ubiquitin-like (RAWUL) and Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM), which function within the multiprotein assembly called Polycomb repression complex 1 (PRC1) and are instrumental in creating the precise three-dimensional state of chromatin. Structural studies of the RAWUL have revealed the key role it plays in forming functionally distinct variations of PRC1. SAM, which has a unique ability to form polymers, has emerged as a key player in the clustering of gene elements required to form repressed chromatin architectures.
Covariation of psychological and inflammatory variables in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia receiving ibrutinib.

7057 Background: Ibrutinib has been shown to induce durable responses in patients with high risk relapsed/refractory (r/r) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (Byrd et al., 2013). Psychological fact...
Nonelective Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: The Effect of Discharge Destination on Postdischarge Outcomes.

Abstract Background Medicare has enacted a mandatory bundled payment program for primary total joint arthroplasty that includes nonelective primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Efficient postacute care management has been identified as an opportunity to improve value for patients. We aimed to identify risk factors for and compare rates of complications by discharge destination and then use those factors to risk-stratify non-elective THA patients. Methods Patients who underwent nonelective primary THA from 2011 to 2014 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database and categorized into those discharged to skilled nursing facility or inpatient rehabilitation facility vs home self-managed/home health (HHH). Bivariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors for postdischarge adverse events were performed using patient characteristics and intraoperative variables. Results In bivariate analysis, skilled nursing facility or inpatient rehabilitation facility patients compared with HHH patients, had lower rates of postdischarge severe adverse events (SAEs; 49% vs 58%; P P Conclusion The most important risk factors for predicting postdischarge SAE and readmission are predischarge SAE, dependent functional status, body mass index >40 kg/m 2 , smoking, diabetes, chronic steroid use, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class 3/4. Nonelective THA patients without these risk factors may be safely discharged to home after THA. Orthopedic surgeons and their nonelective THA patients must agree on the most appropriate discharge destination through a shared decision-making process that takes into account these significant risk factors and other psychosocial factors.
Sigma-1 Receptor Regulates Mitochondrial Function in Glucose- and Oxygen-Deprived Retinal Ganglion Cells.

Purpose Understanding the role of mitochondria in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is relevant to human disease as studies have shown mitochondrial abnormalities in primary open-angle glaucoma patients. This study seeks to determine the effects of the sigma-1 receptor (σ-1r) and its agonists on mitochondrial function in oxygen- and glucose- deprived (OGD) purified neonatal RGCs. Methods Retinal ganglion cells were isolated from rat pups and subjected to OGD in varying conditions in the presence or absence of σ-1r agonist and antagonist and following addition of an AAV2-σ-1r vector that was used to increase σ-1r expression. Western blots and immunofluorescence microscopy validated findings. Mitochondrial function was determined by measuring mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) using the dye, fluorescence tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanineiodide (JC-1), and determination of cytochrome c oxidase activity using a cytochrome c oxidase assay kit. Caspase 3 and 7 activities were also measured using a luminescent assay kit. Results Oxygen and glucose deprivation in RGCs resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c oxidase activity when compared with normoxic RGCs. σ-1r agonists or overexpression of the σ-1r restored the mitochondrial membrane potential comparable to normoxic conditions, while σ-1r antagonists abolished these effects. Oxygen and glucose depreavtation induced decreases in cytochrome c activity were partially restored by overexpression or activation of σ-1r. Caspase activity was increased in response to OGD and was decreased by the addition of σ-1r agonist, pentazocine, and following σ-1r overexpression. Conclusions These data suggest that activation and/or overexpression of σ-1r restores RGCs mitochondrial function following OGD and that mitochondrial function is vital to the function of RGCs.
Reading and mathematics equally important to science achievement: Results from nationally-representative data

Abstract We investigated the importance of reading and mathematics achievement in the prediction of science achievement across time. By studying models of these achievement variables while controlling for important variables, such as socioeconomic status and general knowledge, a better understanding of how reading and mathematics support science achievement over time emerged. Data from Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten cohort was utilized as a nationally-representative and community-based sample of children across the United States. Findings provide a methodological improvement on previous literature by permitting the estimation of indirect effects, which provides the percent of the relationship accounted for at each time point. We found that reading achievement appears to significantly mediate the relationship between mathematics and science across time.
Stimulus Characteristics of Single-Word Tests of Children's Speech Sound Production

Purpose This clinical focus article provides readers with a description of the stimulus characteristics of 12 popular tests of speech sound production. Method Using significance testing and descrip...
The Recursive Relationship between Virtual and Real in Relationships

We live in an era of digitally-mediated relationships. From finding a spouse online to daily interactions facilitated through social media, many people build and sustain both platonic and romantic relationships with technology. Virtual worlds are also spaces for these interactions. This special issue is dedicated to an exploration of such topics in a collection of articles exploring “real virtual relationships.”
Use of Iodine-Containing Dietary Supplements Remains Low among Women of Reproductive Age in the United States: NHANES 2011-2014.

In the United States, the American Thyroid Association recommends that women take a dietary supplement containing 150 µg of iodine 3 months prior to conception and while pregnant and lactating to support fetal growth and neurological development. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014 to describe the use of dietary supplements with and without iodine in the past 30 days among 2155 non-pregnant, non-lactating (NPNL) women; 122 pregnant women; and 61 lactating women. Among NPNL women, 45.3% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 42.0, 48.6) used any dietary supplement and 14.8% (95% CI: 12.7, 16.8) used a dietary supplement with iodine in the past 30 days. Non-Hispanic black and Hispanic women were less likely to use any dietary supplement as well as one with iodine, than non-Hispanic white or non-Hispanic Asian women (p < 0.05). Among pregnant women, 72.2% (95% CI: 65.8, 78.6) used any dietary supplement; however, only 17.8% (95% CI: 11.4, 24.3) used a dietary supplement with iodine. Among lactating women, 75.0% (95% CI: 63.0, 87.0) used a dietary supplement; however, only 19.0% (95% CI: 8.8, 29.2) used a dietary supplement with iodine. Among NPNL women using a supplement with iodine, median daily iodine intake was 75.0 µg. Self-reported data suggests that the use of iodine containing dietary supplements among pregnant and lactating women remains low in contrast with current recommendations.
Using a laser altimeter to measure takeoff and landing distance

The measurement of takeoff and landing distance during flight testing of general aviation aircraft requires an accurate measurement of aircraft position over the ground and altitude up to 50 feet above surface elevation. Current methods of evaluating takeoff and landing distances include cinetheodolites, laser and radar trackers, and Differential Global Positioning Systems. The use of laser altimetry to get altitude above the ground originated with military and agricultural aircraft. The AgLaser module was an infrared laser ranging unit designed for agricultural aircraft to gauge optimal spray height above a field. The AgLaser system has a stated accuracy of 2.0 inches and a maximum range of 500 feet. By integrating the AgLaser system into the Flight Test Data Acquisition System designed at Florida Institute of Technology, the ability exists to measure takeoff and landing distance more accurately than currently acceptable methods. The integration of the laser module and the instrumentation unit occurred across an RS-232 serial connection and a modified LabVIEW interface. Through a series of ground and flight tests conducted at Florida Institute of Technology and Valkaria Airport, the integrated system was validated. Data from this research can be presented to the Federal Aviation Administration for consideration as an accurate, cost-effective means of measuring takeoff and landing distances for aircraft certification per 14 CFR Part 23.
The Predilution Mode for Continuous Arteriovenous Hemofil Tration

We have been using the predilution mode as the exclusive method of fluid replacement during CAVH. Our experience with this technique has shown an enhanced filtrate output and a net increase in urea clearance when compared to the postdilution mode. This chapter will offer a brief outline of the background and theory related to predilution and a detailed description of its use in clinical practice.
Nucleophilicity of Iron-Peroxo Porphyrin Complexes

For the past 20 years, cytochrome P450 researchers have sought to identify and to characterize the reactive intermediates in reactions of these enzymes. This review focuses on one of those postulated intermediates, the ferric heme peroxo complex, [(porphyrin)Fe(III)(O2 2-)]-, a species which has been postulated to be formed transiently in the P450 catalytic cycle. Ferric peroxo porphyrin complexes, inorganic complexes that model the peroxo species, have been synthesized and their chemical reactivities characterized for comparison with the enzymes. Such studies have identified certain peroxo porphyrins as remarkably strong nucleophiles capable of oxidizing a variety of electron-poor molecules. While the ferric heme peroxo intermediate, in the majority of P450 enzymes, rapidly converts to an oxoferryl species, some enzymes, e.g., aromatase, lanosterol 14α-demethylase, progesterone 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase, and NO synthase, appear to use this intermediate as the active oxidant. Additionally, studies of ferric peroxo porphyrin complexes have increased our understanding of the nature of the P450 catalytic cycle and of the mechanisms of generation of other reactive intermediates used in P450 enzymes.
IS Relevance: Are We Asking the Right Questions?

I argue that IS research is not relevant because much of what is published is not garnered from experience in the business world. As such, in many cases our research questions are not relevant to the interests of those who do the work. Further, I believe that status quo thinking that is reinforced by the top journals in our field stifles innovation.
Ligand-dependent modulation of hOCT1 transport reveals discrete ligand binding sites within the substrate translocation channel.

Abstract The human hepatic organic cation transporter 1 (hOCT1) is a well-known transporter of both xenobiotic and endogenous cations. The substrates and inhibitors of hOCT1 are structurally and physiochemically diverse and include some widely prescribed drugs (metformin and imatinib), vitamins (thiamine), and neurotransmitters (serotonin). It has been demonstrated that the closely related renal isoform, hOCT2, is subject to ligand-dependent modulation, wherein one ligand may enhance or inhibit transport of a second, chemically unrelated, ligand. This phenomenon has important implications for drug-drug interactions due to the ubiquity of polypharmacy and the large number of drugs that are present as cations under physiological conditions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if hOCT1 is subject to the same ligand-dependent modulation as hOCT2, and to identify unique putative ligand binding sites in the translocation channel for a sub-set of ligands using computational modeling. The competitive counter flow (CCF) assay was employed to examine ligand-dependent effects by utilizing four different radiolabeled probe substrates: MPP+, serotonin, metformin, and TEA. We identified 20 ligands that modulated the transport of the four test substrates examined. One of the putative ligands identified, BSP, is an anion at physiological pH. Direct uptake studies of radiolabeled BSP suggested that it is a hOCT1 substrate with a Km of 13.6 ± 2.6 µM and Vmax of 55.1 ± 4.1 pmol/mg protein/min. Each ligand identified was computationally docked into a homology model of hOCT1 using the UCSF DOCK software package. The docking study revealed three separate ligand binding pockets within the hOCT1 translocation pathway, defined by their interactions with three prototypical substrates: MPP+, TEA, and acyclovir. Our results suggest that hOCT1 is not only subject to ligand-dependent modulation, but also that individual ligand binding occurs at discrete sites within the hOCT1 translocation pathway which may influence ligand binding at the other sites.
Two-particle correlation functions in cluster perturbation theory: Hubbard spin susceptibilities

Cluster perturbation theory (CPT) is a computationally economic method commonly used to estimate the momentum- and energy-resolved single-particle Green's function. It has been used extensively in direct comparisons with experiments that effectively measure the single-particle Green's function, e.g., angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. However, many experimental observables are given by two-particle correlation functions. CPT can be extended to compute two-particle correlation functions by approximately solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation. We implement this method and focus on the transverse spin susceptibility, measurable via inelastic neutron scattering or with optical probes of atomic gases in optical lattices. We benchmark the method with the one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model by comparing with known results.
Arthroscopic Posterior Glenohumeral Capsular Augmentation With Gracilis Tendon Allograft.

Abstract Recurrent shoulder instability complicated by capsular insufficiency due to underlying soft-tissue disorders or multiple prior failed surgical procedures poses a challenging surgical problem. Traditional capsulolabral soft-tissue reconstruction techniques are less effective in this setting, and bony procedures sacrifice normal anatomic relations. The described arthroscopic technique aims to prevent instability while maintaining range of motion through creation of a soft-tissue allograft “sling” augmenting the posterior glenohumeral capsule.
Singular optimal control and the identically non-regular problem in the calculus of variations

A small but interesting class of optimal control problems featuring a scalar control appearing linearly is equivalent to the class of identically nonregular problems in the Calculus of Variations. It is shown that a condition due to Mancill (1950) is equivalent to the generalized Legendre-Clebsch condition for this narrow class of problems.
The development of social behavior

Abstract Zebrafish are highly social animals that exhibit social behaviors early in their development. We review the literature on the developmental timelines and experience-dependent components of zebrafish social behavior, address the strengths and limitations of different assays used to examine the ontogeny of social behavior, and discuss how zebrafish development may be extrapolated to the developmental trajectories observed in other species. We propose a gradual development of social interaction in zebrafish, similar to humans and other animals, in which social behaviors of increasing complexity occur at distinct developmental stages.
Impact of Police Violence on Mental Health: A Theoretical Framework

Police violence has increasingly been recognized as a public health concern in the United States, and accumulating evidence has shown police violence exposure to be linked to a broad range of health and mental health outcomes. These associations appear to extend beyond the typical associations between violence and mental health, and to be independent of the effects of co-occurring forms of trauma and violence exposure. However, there is no existing theoretical framework within which we may understand the unique contributions of police violence to mental health and illness.This article aims to identify potential factors that may distinguish police violence from other forms of violence and trauma exposure, and to explore the possibility that this unique combination of factors distinguishes police violence from related risk exposures. We identify 8 factors that may alter this relationship, including those that increase the likelihood of overall exposure, increase the psychological impact of police violence, and impede the possibility of coping or recovery from such exposures.On the basis of these factors, we propose a theoretical framework for the further study of police violence from a public mental health perspective.
Manipulation of Microrobots using Chladni Plates and Multimode Membrane Resonators

The advent of micro/nanorobotics promises to transform the physical, chemical, and biological domains by harnessing opportunities otherwise limited by size. Most notable is the biomedical field in which the ability to manipulate micro/nanoparticles has numerous applications in biophysics, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and microsurgery. Acoustics, the physics of vibrational waves through matter, offers a precise, accurate, and minimally invasive technique to manipulate microrobots or microparticles (stand-ins for microrobots). One example is through the use of flexural vibrations induced in resonant structures such as Chladni plates. In this research, we developed a platform for precise two-dimensional microparticle manipulation via acoustic forces arising from Chladni figures and resonating microscale membranes. The project included two distinct phases: (1) macroscale manipulation with a Chladni plate in air and (2) microscale manipulation using microscale membranes in liquid. In the first phase (macroscale in air), we reproduced previous studies in order to gain a better understanding of the underlying physics and to develop control algorithms based on statistical modeling techniques. In the second phase (microscale in liquid), we developed and tested a new setup using custom microfabricated structures. The macroscale statistical modeling techniques were integrated with microscale autonomous control systems. It is shown that control methods developed on the macroscale can be implemented and used on the microscale with good precision and accuracy.
BioWes – From Design of Experiment, through Protocol to Repository, Control, Standardization and Back-Tracking

The amount of data produced by current experiments in systems biology is enormous. Some database and software support for biology experiments exist but usually deal just with some part of data and metadata management. Primary data are only occasionally analyzed in-depth and shared. Studies showed that cost of data sharing is cheaper than experimental work. Experimental costs are several orders higher than data. Therefore, being up to date is a worldwide problem for all users of biology applications. In practice, the problem extends to general fields such as knowledge mining, experiment quality and repeatability, and the philosophical epistemology of biological problems.
TH-CD-201-00: Clinical Networks: IT for Radiation Oncology

Radiation Oncology is a data intensive discipline. Data moves among various systems (imaging, treatment planning, image guidance and delivery) and the development of troubleshooting methods and appropriate QA and QC measures strongly depends on the medical physicists’ understanding of fundamental information technology concepts. This session will cover the concepts involved in networking, data transfer, DICOM and HL7 connectivity, database operations and QA for IT. Databases are at the heart of all modern radiotherapy clinics and are used for planning as well as treatment delivery, and they also drive the observed state of the data at various clients. Querying and reporting from the database is an important skill that medical physicists need to learn. Interactions between clients and databases need to be well understood to ensure that correct, synchronized, and up-to-date information is properly communicated amongst all stakeholders involved in the treatment management process. Entrance into the database via DICOM, HL7 and other proprietary transfer mechanisms must also be tested for accuracy of information storage and presentation. Issues with inter-operability between systems must also be well understood during acceptance testing and commissioning activities. The ongoing efforts of IHE-RO will be explained in the context of the need for increased engagement on the part of medical physicists. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the basic IT infrastructure required to run a radiotherapy department 2. Become familiar with database concepts to improve troubleshooting skills 3. Learn the principles of designing a QA program tailored to one’s specific clinical IT environment. Curan: Funding from AAPM for travel and expenses DICOM and Funding from ASTRO for travel and expenses IHE RO
The interaction of a naphthalene dye with apomyoglobin and apohemoglobin: A fluorescent probe of non-polar binding sites

1-Anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate binds stoichiometrically to a specific site on apomyoglobin and apohemoglobin. One mole of ANS† is bound per mole of apoprotein with a dissociation constant of the order of 10−5 M . Myoglobin and hemoglobin do not bind ANS. The addition of hemin displaces it from its complex with apomyoglobin, suggesting that ANS and heme bind at the same site. Its fluorescence changes markedly when it is bound to the apoprotein. The quantum yield is two-hundredfold higher than in water, while the emission peak is shifted from green to blue by 60 mμ. These changes are attributed to the essentially non-polar environment of the bound ANS. A similar dependence of quantum yield and emission maximum on the polarity of the environment is observed for solutions of ANS in various organic solvents. Fluorescence polarization and optical rotatory dispersion results indicate that the compactness and high helix content of myoglobin are retained in large part in the apomyoglobin-ANS complex. Highly efficient energy transfer is observed from the aromatic amino acids of the protein to the bound ANS. The use of anilinonaphthalene sulfonates as fluorescent probes of non-polar regions in proteins is discussed.
Varieties of Cooperative Responses in question-answer systems

In this paper, we will briefly review the types of cooperative responses desirable in question-answer (Q-A) systems. The overall scope of this paper will be limited in the following ways: 1. We will not be concerned with the details of how the specific responses are to be generated. Rather we will only briefly describe several types of cooperative responses and discuss some related issues. 2. Although a variety of cooperative behaviors can be expected from a helpful system in a Q-A environment (as discussed later), we will limit ourselves to only certain types of cooperative responses (to be specified later). 3. This is not a survey paper. The material discussed here is based on the work carried out by a group of investigators 2 at the University of Pennsylvania over the past four years and some work that is in progress at present.
A new computational technique for the stability analysis of slender rods

A new computational technique for the stability analysis of slender rods with variable cross-sections under general loading conditions is presented. In this approach, the dependent variable and the variable coefficients appearing in the governing equations are expanded in a finite series of Chebyshev polynomials. The main feature of this technique is that the original boundary value problem associated with the differential equation is reduced to an algebraic eigenvalue problem. The proposed technique is applied to study the static buckling of Euler column and the flutter behavior of a cantilever column subjected to uniformly distributed tangential loading. The numerical results from the suggested technique are found to be extremely accurate when compared to other techniques available in literature. It is shown that this approach can also be employed in a symbolic form. The merits of the present method in comparison to the standard solution procedures like finite difference and Galerkin methods are discussed.
Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis, a newly recognized virus disease of penaeid shrimp

Abstract Populations of the Pacific blue shrimp, Penaeus stylirostris, reared at the University of Arizona's experimental shrimp culture facility on Oahu in Hawaii from late 1980 through 1981, were severely affected by a highly acute and lethal disease of viral etiology. Also found to be susceptible to the disease were P. vannamei and P. monodon. The disease was named infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis (IHHN) disease to describe the principal lesions observed. The histopathology of acute and subacute IHHN disease in these species was dominated by the presence of conspicuous eosinophilic intranuclear-inclusion bodies of the Cowdry type A variety in ectodermally (especially the cuticular hypodermis) and mesodermally (especially the hematopoietic tissues) derived tissues that were undergoing necrosis. Electron microscopy of affected tissues demonstrated the presence of two or three types of virus-like particles with cubic morphology and diameters of 17 to 27 nm that suggest IHHN virus to be either a parvo- or picornavirus.
Pedagogical Content Knowledge for Preschool Mathematics: Construct Validity of a New Teacher Interview

This study examines the construct validity of a new teacher interview designed to assess teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) for preschool mathematics. PCK describes the subject matter knowledge a teacher needs for effective teaching. Data from 22 teachers and 113 Head Start children in a large midwestern city in the United States were used to test predictive relationships between the PCK interview and two dependent variables: good preschool math teaching practices and improved child learning outcomes. Using a method from previous published work, frequency of math-related language is assessed as a proxy for good preschool math teaching. Changes in children's mathematical achievement were measured from fall to spring within a single school year using the Test of Early Mathematics Ability (3rd ed.). Analysis by hierarchical linear modeling found significant positive relationships between scores on the new measure and both variables, suggesting that the PCK interview adequately represents the knowl...