cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling a monolithic silicon carbide pintle rocket injector

A monolithic silicon carbide (SiC) pintle rocket injector is under development with the intent to be used in a liquid propellant micro-rocket engine. MATLAB code was developed to determine the rocket's Thrust/Weight ratio, which is critical in maximizing a rocket's efficiency. COMSOL finite element modeling has been used to develop two-dimensional turbulent flow models to simulate the velocity flows coming from the radial and axial orifices of the injector. Three-dimensional turbulent flow models were also developed to study the axial and radial flows independently. Using these models, the velocity of the flows through the axial and radial orifices were determined based on a given inlet pressure. Two designs were chosen for the axial chamber. Both designs were tested for the velocity flow speed and the uniformity of the flow through the axial ring. Based on these models a suitable inlet pressure was chosen and fed into a set of three-dimensional solid mechanics models to study the stresses in the injector walls. Models indicated significant stresses around the axial orifice, and this was drastically reduced by adding several columns to reinforce the axial fuel chamber of the injector with a minimal change of flow characteristics. These models will serve as a guide in the batch production of pintle injectors on a silicon substrate.
A protocol for efficient transfer of data over hybrid fiber/coax systems

The cable TV plant is a broad bandwidth channel into the home and community that has been used primarily for the distribution of television. As the plant is upgraded, there is an opportunity to use it for the transport of high-speed digital signals. While the downstream channel is relatively easy to exploit, the topology and physical characteristics of the upstream channel present new challenges at both the physical and the media access layers. We present a media access protocol that efficiently transfers data on this channel. A primary goal of the design is to keep that portion of the protocol resident in the station as simple as possible. Thus, we use centralized control located in the cable head-end. A station wishing to transmit sends a request to the head-end using a contention channel. The head-end acknowledges the request and then schedules the request, informing the station, by means of a grant message, exactly when to transmit. The protocol performs efficiently under a wide range of conditions, and is robust in the presence of channel errors.
Validation Of The Sentence Repetition Test As A Measure Of Suspect Effort

It has been suggested that the Sentence Repetition Test (SRT) could serve as an adequate embedded symptom validity measure identifying suspect effort during neuropsychological testing. However, very little research has examined sensitivity and specificity rates when using this measure in a variety of clinical settings. The SRT was administered to 1031 patients referred for neuropsychological assessment in outpatient, inpatient, and independent medical evaluation settings. These patients were diagnosed with a wide range of psychiatric, developmental, and neurological disorders. The results of this study reveal that the SRT is a valid measure of suspect effort for the vast majority of these patients (sensitivity = 56.8% and specificity = 95.8% in combined clinical settings). However, analyses also indicate that the SRT is not a valid effort measure for individuals with mental retardation or dementia due to specificity rates falling well below 90% for both groups. Furthermore, the validity of the SRT as an effort measure is questionable for individuals with English as a second language, with a verbal learning disability, with a left cerebrovascular accident, or with an expressive-receptive language disorder due to small sample sizes or borderline specificity rates. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive accuracy, and negative predictive accuracy rates are provided for varying cutoff scores in inpatient, outpatient, and IME settings. The results of this extensive study confirm that the SRT can be a useful measure in detecting suspect effort in neuropsychological testing while also providing valuable clinical information.
Effect of random interpulse interval modulation on neuromuscular fatigue.

Neuromuscular endurance during electrical stimulation may be enhanced if naturally occurring motor unit firing patterns are used. Variability in the interpulse interval (IPI) distribution may enable brief periods of rest and optimization of force output. Nine individuals participated in three 3-minute fatigue protocols of the thenar muscles elicited by supramaximal stimulation of the median nerve. All protocols consisted of a mean IPI of 33.3 ms and differed only in the type of IPI modulation, which was constant (0%), random (±20%), or ramped from 0% to ±20%. M-wave amplitude declined following all protocols and the reduction was smallest following the ramp protocol. There was no significant difference among the starting or final forces or between the overall force–time integrals for the three protocols. Thus, IPI variability did not improve endurance time during electrical stimulation and the M-wave amplitude was not a reliable indicator of muscle force output. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Tourists’ use of restaurant webpages: Is the internet a critical marketing tool?

No one questions the power of the internet as a means of information dissemination. But how effective is the medium for restaurant marketing? Are tourists using the tool, and does it influence thei...
Dynamic CPU cache management under the loop model

Concerns cache designs using replacement strategies to provide the high performance required by fast CPUs. We propose a new replacement technique that uses some heuristic to detect loop structures in the reference patterns. Initially, the proposed technique uses the least recently used (LRU) strategy. Once a loop has been detected, all the references, which would result in poor performance if they were to be cached, will be dynamically excluded from being stored in the cache. The LRU strategy will resume as soon as the end of the loop has been detected. We have also developed a simulation program to compare the performance of this scheme to that of other related ones so as to demonstrate its effectiveness. The results show our scheme outperforms the others when the system references are loop dominated.
Testing warning messages on smokers’ cigarette packages: a standardised protocol

Purpose Lab experiments on cigarette warnings typically use a brief one-time exposure that is not paired with the cigarette packs smokers use every day, leaving open the question of how repeated warning exposure over several weeks may affect smokers. This proof of principle study sought to develop a new protocol for testing cigarette warnings that better reflects real-world exposure by presenting them on cigarette smokers’ own packs. Methods We tested a cigarette pack labelling protocol with 76 US smokers ages 18 and older. We applied graphic warnings to the front and back of smokers’ cigarette packs. Results Most smokers reported that at least 75% of the packs of cigarettes they smoked during the study had our warnings. Nearly all said they would participate in the study again. Using cigarette packs with the study warnings increased quit intentions (p Conclusions Our findings suggest a feasible pack labelling protocol with six steps: (1) schedule appointments at brief intervals; (2) determine typical cigarette consumption; (3) ask smokers to bring a supply of cigarette packs to study appointments; (4) apply labels to smokers’ cigarette packs; (5) provide participation incentives at the end of appointments; and (6) refer smokers to cessation services at end of the study. When used in randomised controlled trials in settings with real-world message exposure over time, this protocol may help identify the true impact of warnings and thus better inform tobacco product labelling policy. Clinical trial number NCT02247908.
A Science-and-art Interstellar Message: The Self-Similar Sierpinski Gasket

the sound material of a piece. In the last 30 years there have arisen a number of techniques for musical analysis that are influenced by linguistics and that attempt to create an understanding of music that is independent of any idiom. Composer Fred Lerdhahl and linguist Ray Jackendoff have published A Generative Theory of Tonal Music [2]. Other analysts have been influenced by Noam Chomsky, particularly his ideas suggesting that humanity as a species shares a syntax underlying all languages. Spectrum, motion and pulse are broad areas for initial research. The working hypothesis is that continued study of this physical representation of the sonic structure will show patterns that are generically human, with mapping between the sonic event and human physicality. Future study will include adaptations of LINCOS [3], a logical language for interstellar message construction that could be expanded to encode musical information. References
New Monomeric Stilbenoids from Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Seeds Challenged by an Aspergillus flavus Strain.

Two new stilbene derivatives have been isolated from peanut seeds challenged by an Aspergillus flavus strain, along with chiricanine B, which has not been previously reported from peanuts, as well as a stilbenoid reported previously only as a synthetic product. The structures of these new putative phytoalexins were determined by analysis of 1H and 13C NMR, HRESIMS, MSn, and UV data. The new stilbenoids were named arahypin-13 (21), arahypin-14 (22), and arahypin-15 (23). Together with other known bioactive peanut stilbenoids that were also produced in the challenged seeds, these new compounds may play a defensive role against invasive fungi.
A Rising Tide of Demands: India's Public Institutions and the Democratic Revolution

India is experiencing a long democratic revolution. A social and political transformation extending over half a century has made widening circles of its citizens in to politically conscious and active agents who exercise pressures upon the state. This democratic revolution has given rise to a sharp expansion of demands without a correspondingly rapid increase in the capacities of the state. The consequence may be especially observed in the weakening fiscal position of central and state governments in India. The democratic revolution has significant consequences for the future of India's public institutions.
Abstract WMP42: Remote Ischemic Stroke Decreases Quiescence and Increases Neurogenic Activation of Radial Glia-like Precursors in the Subgranular Zone of the Dentate Gyrus in Adult Mice

Adult neurogenesis occurs in two discrete neurogenic niches in the mammalian brain: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus in th...
Normal Performance of Fmr1 Mice on a Touchscreen Delayed Nonmatching to Position Working Memory Task

Fragile X syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by mild-to-severe cognitive deficits. The complete absence of Fmr1 and its protein product in the mouse model of fragile X (Fmr1 KO) provides construct validity. A major conundrum in the field is the remarkably normal performance of Fmr1 mice on cognitive tests in most reports. One explanation may be insufficiently challenging cognitive testing procedures. Here we developed a delayed nonmatching to position touchscreen task to test the hypothesis that paradigms placing demands on working memory would reveal robust and replicable cognitive deficits in the Fmr1 KO mouse. We first tested Fmr1 KO mice (Fmr1) and their wild-type (WT) littermates in a simple visual discrimination task, followed by assessment of reversal learning. We then tested Fmr1 and WT mice in a new touchscreen nonmatch to position task and subsequently challenged their working memory abilities by adding delays, representing a higher cognitive load. The performance by Fmr1 KO mice was equal to WTs on both touchscreen tasks. Last, we replicated previous reports of normal performance by Fmr1 mice on Morris water maze spatial navigation and reversal. These results indicate that, while the Fmr1 mouse model effectively recapitulates many molecular and cellular aspects of fragile X syndrome, the cognitive profile of Fmr1 mice generally does not recapitulate the primary cognitive deficits in the human syndrome, even when diverse and challenging tasks are imposed.
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Athlete's Heart, or Both: A Case of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Regression.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiovascular disease characterized by a hypertrophied, nondilated left ventricle (LV) in the absence of other causes. HCM is relatively common and is one of the most common causes of sudden death in athletes.1 HCM is genotypically and phenotypically heterogenous.2,3 The differential diagnosis for HCM includes physiological remodeling seen in athlete’s heart.4 Distinguishing HCM from athlete’s heart is of critical importance. Characteristics favoring HCM and athlete’s heart are listed in the Table. View this table: Table. Characteristics Favoring HCM and Athlete’s Heart An 18-year-old man was referred for evaluation after a markedly abnormal ECG (Figure 1A) was discovered at a professional hockey scouting event. He was otherwise healthy and asymptomatic. He had no family history of cardiomyopathies or sudden unexplained death. A contrast enhanced transthoracic echocardiogram showed apical HCM with a maximal LV wall thickness of 24 mm and spade-like appearance (Movie I in the Data Supplement). LV chamber size and systolic function were normal without dynamic obstruction. Diastolic function assessment …
Development of a Sensor for Total Temperature and Humidity Measurements under Mixed-Phase and Glaciated Icing Conditions

This paper presents a critical development to a prototype sensor that is capable of measuring total air temperature and humidity in a mixed-phase environment, consisting of liquid water droplets and ice crystals. The sensor has fast and stable measurement response under particularly challenging mixed-phase conditions. Total temperature and humidity levels measured with the probe are in good agreement with the results of analytical energy and moisture balances.
Epicormic Branching on Pruned Coastal Douglas-Fir

In theory, pruning is an attractive silvicultural technique because there is a great potential for increased production of clear wood after its execution. Much of the currently available literature on the pruning of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) concerns the effects of pruning on diameter and height growth. Other aspects of the pruning response need to be considered, because clear wood production cannot be guaranteed merely because the trees were pruned. The Stand Management Cooperative, headquartered at the University of Washington, conducted a regional study to examine how Douglas-fir trees respond to pruning. Epicormic branching responses are reported here. Some anecdotal observations, as well as some intuitive ones, are confirmed. Epicormic branching was most severe on the south and west sides of trees. When epicormic branching was severe, sprouts occurred both at nodes (or whorls) and along internodes. Less severe or moderate sprouting tended to originate mainly in nodes. The risk of epicormic branching is minimal as long as the pruning treatment does not reduce the live crown by more than 40% and the stand has 500 or more stems/ha. The highest risk of epicormic branching was found to be when the live crown is reduced by more than 40%, and the stand carries less than 500 stems/ha. West. J. Applied For. 16(2):80-86.
Abstract 2649: Maternal and offspring folate metabolic genes and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Introduction: Childhood ALL is the most common type of cancer in children. Although the survival rate is relatively high, there are significant clinical sequelae associated with treatment and little is known about the etiology of this condition. Family studies suggest a genetic component to ALL, and the peak incidence between 2 and 4 years of age indicates factors during pregnancy may influence risk. The folate metabolic pathway is a strong candidate for genetic epidemiologic studies due to its role in DNA synthesis and methylation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a case-parent triad analysis to assess both maternal and offspring genetic effects of the folate metabolic pathway on childhood ALL risk. Methods: We recruited pediatric ALL case-parent triads (n = 120) from Texas Children9s Hospital. DNA samples were genotyped in the Human Genetics Center at The University of Texas School of Public Health using the Sequenom iPLEX MassARRAY for 80 tagSNPs in six folate metabolic pathway genes (MTHFR, MTRR, MTR, DHFR, BHMT, and TYMS). Log-linear modeling was used to examine the associations between ALL and both maternal and offspring genotypes. Results: After controlling for the false discovery rate ( Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2649. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2649
Career Counseling and Family Therapy An Interview with Mark Savickas, PhD

Mark Savickas, PhD, has taught career counseling at Kent State University for 40 years while also serving as a professor of Family and Community Medicine at Northeast Ohio Medical University. His 80 articles, 45 book chapters, and 500 presentations to professional groups have dealt with vocational behavior and career counseling. He published Career Counseling (2011) and edited Convergence in Career Development Theories (1994 with R. Lent), Handbook of Career Counseling Theory and Practice (1996 with B. Walsh), Vocational Interests (1999 with A. Spokane), the Handbook of Vocational Psychology (2005 with B. Walsh) and the four-volume Major Works in Career Studies (2012 with K. Inkson). An interview with Mark Savickas, PhD, relating to his contributions career counseling revealed many connections between career and family counseling, including the how career concerns are a part of the family constellation. The interview examined the evolution of the career construction interview and similarities in the narra...
Cycle efficiency evaluation method of multi-stage RCAES system

Due to the uncertainty and anti-peaking nature,integration of large scale renewable energy brings great challenges to the operation and dispatch of power systems. CAES( Compressed Air Energy Storage) system provides new ideas to solve this problem as its characteristics of fast regulating,flexible location and long service life.Especially,RCAES( Regenerative Compressed Air Energy Storage) system is widely concerned as its repurposing of the heat released in the compression process. The efficiency of energy conversion is a key indicator of RCAES system. However,current research mostly focuses on the thermodynamic process and few works has been done on the efficiency analysis of the whole RCAES system. Based on the electrical-mechanical-thermal dynamic process and with measurable parameters,we present an efficiency evaluation method of RCAES system in this paper. A typical RCAES design scheme is studied to illustrate and validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Comparison of Cefaclor Versus Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination in the Treatment of Acute Urinary Infections

Acute lower urinary tract infections were treated in 57 women according to a randomized protocol, using either cefaclor, a cephalosporin whose chemical structure is similar to that of cephalexin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination. Urine cultures were made before treatment was started, midway through the 10-day course of therapy, 1 week after therapy and 4 to 6 weeks after therapy, if possible. Urine cultures in 100 per cent of the patients became sterile during therapy and remained so 1 week after therapy. Of those patients undergoing followup cultures 4 to 6 weeks after therapy 98 per cent had sterile urine. Twenty-nine patients were randomized to cefaclor therapy and 28 received a trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination. There was no difference between the 2 drugs studied in terms of efficacy. No side effects were noted with cefaclor and 2 minor side effects were noted with the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination. Cefaclor in a twice daily dosage schedule appears to be a safe and useful drug in the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by the common gram-negative organisms and it appears to be as efficacious as the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole combination.
Genomics of Invertebrate Olfaction

Invertebrates often use olfaction as a primary sensory modality not only to avoid potential dangers but also to locate resources amid their surrounding habitat. The tremendously sensitive olfactory systems of Invertebrates rely on complex protein networks that are the subject of active research. In the last decade, the sequencing of a handful of genomes from insects and worms has led to the identification of large conserved gene families involved in these processes. This chapter attempts to summarize a wealth of scientific studies describing these gene families in terms of their genomic distribution, evolution, and function. The first section is an overview of the olfactory apparatus of invertebrates followed by a description of the various olfactory gene families involved in odor reception, signal transduction, and regulation.
Associations Between Health and Driving in an Older Adult Cohort in Rancho Bernardo

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the associations between health and health care utilization with driving patterns in a cohort of older adults. Method: In 2012, a total of 1,826 surviving participants in the Rancho Bernardo cohort were sent a health and driving pattern survey; 1,277 were returned. Results: The majority of the respondents (1,151, 91%) were still driving. Older age, female sex, hospitalizations, emergency department (ED) visits and physical therapy visits, neurological disease, depression, limited vision, and limited hearing were associated with non-driving status. A total of 809 (71%) of drivers reported no citations or crashes in the last 5 years. Discussion: The vast majority of older drivers in this cohort continued to drive, and did so safely. Health care utilization, medications, medical conditions, and self-assessment of health were associated with non-driving status. Prospective studies are needed to clarify the temporal relationships between these factors.
Optimizing hemoglobin thresholds for detection of iron deficiency among reproductive-age women in the United States.

Iron deficiency (ID) affects 9%–16% of US women with well-documented morbidity in academic performance, mood, and concentration. Current ID screening depends on the detection of low hemoglobin (ie, anemia, P
Unmanned aerial systems-based remote sensing for monitoring sorghum growth and development.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Systems (UAV or UAS) have become increasingly popular in recent years for agricultural research applications. UAS are capable of acquiring images with high spatial and temporal resolutions that are ideal for applications in agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a UAS-based remote sensing system for quantification of crop growth parameters of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) including leaf area index (LAI), fractional vegetation cover (fc) and yield. The study was conducted at the Texas AM 25 May), 66 DAP (10 June) and 74 DAP (18 June). These flight missions provided image data covering the middle growth period of sorghum with a spatial resolution of approximately 6.5 cm. Field measurements of LAI and fc were also collected. Four vegetation indices were calculated using the UAS images. Among those indices, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed the highest correlation with LAI, fc and yield with R2 values of 0.91, 0.89 and 0.58 respectively. Empirical relationships between NDVI and LAI and between NDVI and fc were validated and proved to be accurate for estimating LAI and fc from UAS-derived NDVI values. NDVI determined from UAS imagery acquired during the flowering stage (74 DAP) was found to be the most highly correlated with final grain yield. The observed high correlations between UAS-derived NDVI and the crop growth parameters (fc, LAI and grain yield) suggests the applicability of UAS for within-season data collection of agricultural crops such as sorghum.
Cigarette smoking decreases interleukin 1 release by human alveolar macrophages

To determine whether alveolar macrophages from smokers have an abnormal interleukin 1 beta (IL-1) release, we obtained macrophages by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of otherwise healthy volunteers in three groups: nonsmokers (NS; n = 11), light smokers (LS, less than 10 pack-yr smoking history; n = 4) and heavy smokers (HS, greater than 10 pack-yr smoking history; n = 9). After 24 h in culture, unstimulated macrophages (from each group) released negligible amounts of IL-1. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 micrograms/ml) caused release of 21.77 +/- 4.33 ng IL-1/10(6) cells at 24 h from NS macrophages; IL-1 release from HS macrophages was significantly decreased (5.52 +/- 1.66 ng/10(6) cells; P less than 0.05), whereas LS macrophages released intermediate amounts (15.07 +/- 6.15 ng/10(6) cells). Release of IL-1 from HS macrophages was also decreased after 48 and 72 h in culture and was observed over a wide range of concentrations of LPS. The decreased amount of IL-1 in HS macrophage supernatants appeared to be due to a defect in release of IL-1 from the cells and not due to a defect in production of the mediator, since total IL-1 (IL-1 present in the cell lysates plus that in the cell supernatants) was similar in the NS and HS groups. In addition, after 24 h in culture, LPS-stimulated HS macrophages released significantly less prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (which can suppress IL-1 production) than did NS macrophages; in the presence of indomethacin, which abolished macrophage PGE2 release, no augmentation of LPS-stimulated IL-1 release was observed. Cell viability, as measured by lactate dehydrogenase release, was not different between HS and NS macrophages under any conditions. We conclude that there is a defect in release but not production of IL-1 from the alveolar macrophages of chronic smokers.
Environmental Remediation and Waste Management Information Systems (Sand93-3987C)

In recent years, there has been a proliferation of environmental software systems, many of them environmental databases. Accessing an online system or consulting a database is a quick way to gain current information on a substance’s toxicity, determine the location of a Superfund Site, or access regulatory requirements. Databases are available online, as well as on CD-ROM, diskettes, and magnetic tape. Databases are becoming more accessible, practical, reliable, and current. For example, cartographic databases are capable of providing geographic information, such as data on roads, streams and lakes, elevations, towns, political boundaries, geologic strata, and population densities. These systems allow for information to be collected, analyzed, and displayed spatially.
Social Adjustment of At-Risk Technology Education Students.

Educators at all academic levels strive to provide students with a high-quality education while maintaining an environment that promotes learning as well as the health and well-being of each individual. However, in a 2011 study, Preble and Gordon recognized that there are confounding difficulties challenging K–12 education, such as student feelings of social isolation and collective student emotional needs not being adequately met. Students identified with at-risk indicators (students with disabilities, students from economically disadvantaged families, or students with limited English proficiency) are specifically susceptible to experiencing the difficulties firsthand (Ernst, Bottomley, Parry, & Lavelle, 2011). Despite numerous readdress and transformation initiatives, these challenges persist in many schools (Preble & Gordon, 2011). Many of these educational challenges are brought on by low social competence or poor social adjustment (MacKay, Knott, & Dunlop, 2007). Krips, Lehtsaar, and Kukemelk (2011) pose that social competence is composed of dimensions pertaining to personality, appropriateness, communication, and human relations, thus highlighting a critical structure for sociometrics.
Biological Solutions for Engineering Problems: A Study in Cross-Domain Textual Case-Based Reasoning

Textual Case-based Reasoning (TCBR) is a powerful paradigm within CBR. Biologically inspired design – the invention of technological systems by analogy to biological systems - presents an opportunity for exploring cross-domain TCBR. Our in situ studies of the retrieval task in biologically inspired design identified findability and recognizability of biology articles on the Web relevant to a design problem as major challenges. To address these challenges, we have developed a technique for semantic tagging of biology articles based on Structure-Behavior-Function models of the biological systems described in the article. We have also implemented the technique in an interactive system called Biologue. Controlled experiments with Biologue indicate improvements in both findability and recognizability of useful biology articles. Our work suggests that task-specific but domain-general model-based tagging might be useful for TCBR in support of complex reasoning tasks engaging cross-domain analogies.
Mild Pulmonary Hypertension Is Associated With Increased Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Recent studies have demonstrated a continuum in clinical risk related to mean pulmonary artery pressure that begins at >19 mm Hg, which is below the traditional threshold used to define ...
A Comparison of Violence Victimization and Polyvictimization Experiences Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adolescents and Young Adults

Despite recent civil rights advances for sexual minority communities in the United States, disparities in violence victimization have increased in recent years. Polyvictimization, the experience of...
Long-lasting effects of repeated ketamine administration in adult and adolescent rats

Abstract Initiation of ketamine use often occurs in adolescence, yet little is known about long-term consequences when use begins in this developmental period. The current experiments were designed to examine the effects of repeated exposure to ketamine in adolescence on behavior in adulthood. We examined locomotor activity, as well as cognitive function, in animals that received repeated administration of ketamine. Groups of adolescent and adult male rats were treated with ketamine (25 mg/kg) once daily for 10 days. Locomotor activity was assessed following the first injection, following 10 days of injection, and following 20 days of abstinence. Acute locomotor effects and locomotor sensitization were compared in adolescents and adults; cross-sensitization to dextromethorphan, another dissociative with abusive potential, was also examined. In a separate group of animals cognitive deficits were assessed following the 20 day abstinence period in spatial learning and novel object recognition tasks. The locomotor stimulant effect of ketamine was much greater in adolescents than adults. Animals that were repeatedly administered ketamine demonstrated locomotor sensitization immediately after the final injection. However, sensitization only persisted after the abstinence period in animals treated as adults. No cross-sensitization to dextromethorphan was evident. Ketamine failed to produce statistically significant cognitive deficits in either age group, although drug-treated adults showed a trend towards deficits in spatial learning. Repeated use of ketamine produces long-lasting neuroadaptations that may contribute to addiction. Mild lasting memory deficits may occur in adults, although further work is necessary to confirm these findings. The results extend the understanding of potential long-term consequences of ketamine use in adolescents and adults.
PHOTOIONIZATION UPSTREAM OF A STRONG SHOCK WAVE

Explicit gasdynamic equations for unsteady, rectilinear motion are deduced for an ionizing and radiating gas, when both of these processes are out of equilibrium. An estimate is then given of the degree of ionization produced upstream of a strong normal shock wave by radiation from the hot nonequilibrium region downstream of the shock.
Bayesian Meta-analysis of Multiple Continuous Treatments with Individual Participant-Level Data: An Application to Antipsychotic Drugs:

Modeling dose-response relationships of drugs is essential to understanding their safety effects on patients under realistic circumstances. While intention-to-treat analyses of clinical trials provide the effect of assignment to a particular drug and dose, they do not capture observed exposure after factoring in nonadherence and dropout. We develop a Bayesian method to flexibly model the dose-response relationships of binary outcomes with continuous treatment, permitting multiple evidence sources, treatment effect heterogeneity, and nonlinear dose-response curves. In an application, we examine the risk of excessive weight gain for patients with schizophrenia treated with the second-generation antipsychotics paliperidone, risperidone, or olanzapine in 14 clinical trials. We define exposure as total cumulative dose (daily dose × duration) and convert to units equivalent to 100 mg of olanzapine (OLZ doses). Averaging over the sample population of 5891 subjects, the median dose ranged from 0 (placebo randomized participants) to 6.4 OLZ doses (paliperidone randomized participants). We found paliperidone to be least likely to cause excessive weight gain across a range of doses. Compared with 0 OLZ doses, at 5.0 OLZ doses, olanzapine subjects had a 15.6% (95% credible interval: 6.7, 27.1) excess risk of weight gain; corresponding estimates for paliperidone and risperidone were 3.2% (1.5, 5.2) and 14.9% (0.0, 38.7), respectively. Moreover, compared with nonblack participants, black participants had a 6.8% (1.0, 12.4) greater risk of excessive weight gain at 10.0 OLZ doses of paliperidone. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that paliperidone is safer in terms of weight gain risk than risperidone or olanzapine for all participants at low to moderate cumulative OLZ doses.
Taking sides and feeling caught: Communicative complications for immediate family members of estranged parent–child dyads:

Framed by family systems theory and social constructionism, the present study is the first to illuminate the experiences of immediate family members of estranged parent–child dyads. A thematic anal...
From Major Preferences to Major Choices: Gender and Logics of Major Choice:

Research shows that college students choose majors for a variety of reasons. Some students are motivated by potential economic returns, others want to take engaging classes, and others still would ...
Blood pressure as a predictor of everyday cognitive function in aging adults with and without fibromyalgia

Objective: Both hypotension and hypertension are related to poorer cognitive performance in older adults. However, little attention has been paid to everyday problem solving, a real-world indicator...
Aperture efficiency of ltsa focal plane arrays for millimeter waves

The aperture efficiency for elements in focal plane arrays, when used in multi-beam (imaging) systems has been estimated with a new method which makes use of measured data for both radiation patterns and absolute gain for the elements of the array. Data for LTSA arrays show that aperture efficiencies and element gains can be close to the upper bounds predicted by theory, at element spacings which are about twice the sampling limit spacing. Such arrays should be very useful for millimeter wave imaging and power combining.
A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial: No Clear Benefit to Prophylactic Central Neck Dissection in Patients With Clinically Node Negative Papillary Thyroid Cancer

Objective:The aim of this prospective randomized-controlled trial was to evaluate the risks/benefits of prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) in patients with clinically node negative (cN0) papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).Background:Microscopic lymph node involvement in patients with PTC is com
A bronchogenic cyst presenting as a presternal abscess

Abstract We present a case of an upper midline pre-sternal abscess in a six-year-old female. The history and clinical examination prompted suspicion of a subcutaneous bronchogenic cyst, which was supported by histology after total excision of the lesion. This article discusses the clinical presentation of this patient, reviews literature on subcutaneous bronchogenic cysts and considers differential diagnoses for the patient's presentation.
GlycA measured by NMR spectroscopy is associated with disease activity and cardiovascular disease risk in chronic inflammatory diseases

GlycA is a biomarker of systemic inflammation, quantifying both the protein concentrations and glycosylation states of several acute phase proteins. GlycA has been shown to be associated with both subclinical atherosclerosis and with cardiovascular disease (CVD). GlycA levels are higher in acute and chronic inflammation. During ongoing systemic inflammatory processes, GlycA specific acute phase reactants and proteins undergo circulating concentration and glycosylation pattern changes, and these alterations are reflected in the GlycA NMR signal. Additionally, levels associate with ongoing disease severity in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and psoriasis thus capturing active inflammation. Furthermore, in these disease states, GlycA is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of traditional risk factors including C-reactive protein (CRP). Finally, GlycA levels decrease with exercise, weight loss, and systemic anti-inflammatory agents. Therefore, GlycA appears to be a promising new composite biomarker of active systemic inflammation including assessing CVD risk in patients with inflammatory diseases.
Evaluation and Management of Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome is rare and may be associated with a bony anomaly. Patient presentation can range from mild arm discoloration and claudication to severe limb-threatening ischemia. For patients with subclavian artery dilation without secondary complications, thoracic outlet decompression and arterial surveillance is sufficient. Patients with subclavian artery aneurysms or distal embolization require decompression with reconstruction or thromboembolectomy and distal bypass respectively.
I got your back: a one(ish) person show exploring pain, medicine, empathy, and performance

While pain pulls us to retreat into our personal experiences, the theory and practice of autoethnography invites us to offer the hyper-personal up as radical social engagement. Applying and adaptin...
Social cohesion, internal efficacy, and external efficacy: Studying voting behavior using collective efficacy theory

Collective efficacy theory is a widely used theoretical framework for explaining how social cohesion is activated as collective actions. Because collective efficacy was developed as a criminologica...
Let’s See That Again: Using Instructional Videos to Support Asynchronous Mathematical Problem Solving Instruction for Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder:

The Pandemic has required teachers to find ways to provide high-quality instruction in a virtual format. Video-based instruction (VBI) is a version of technology-aided instruction that has been eff...
Reducing adverse impact in high-stakes testing

Abstract A critical goal for psychological science in the 21st century is to foster diversity, equity, and inclusion in occupational contexts. One arena which will continue to benefit from a focus on equity is high-stakes testing, such as the assessments used for personnel selection and classification decisions. We define an equitable test as one that minimizes group differences based on protected classes such as race, sex, and ethnicity, while predicting criterion performance equivalently across groups. In this article, we provide an overview of the concepts of test equity, adverse impact, and predictive bias. We discuss how group differences in performance on high-stakes tests such as the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) could be driven by differences in crystallized intelligence (i.e., acquired knowledge), which is emphasized by the ASVAB subtests and related to socioeconomic status. We suggest that shifting the focus of some high-stakes assessments away from crystallized intelligence or supplementing them with other cognitive constructs could mitigate group differences in performance without sacrificing criterion validity. In particular, we provide evidence that tests of attention control—the domain-general ability to maintain focus on task-relevant information and resist distraction—could provide a more equitable path forward.
Comparing Aerobic Exercise with Yoga in Anxiety Reduction: An Integrative Review

Anxiety is a common mental health disorder that affects many Americans yet often goes unrecognized or undertreated. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature to assist in determining which alternative and complimentary therapy, aerobic exercise or yoga, is most beneficial in reducing anxiety symptoms. The literature search process resulted in a total of 14 articles included in the review. Results indicate that yoga is more effective in decreasing anxiety symptoms than aerobic exercise. Health care providers can use this information to help recommend an alternative form of therapy for patients.
Reactions at the 3′ Terminus of Transfer Ribonucleic Acid: II. PURIFICATION AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF RABBIT LIVER TRANSFER RIBONUCLEIC ACID NUCLEOTIDYLTRANSFERASE

Abstract Rabbit liver tRNA nucleotidyltransferase was purified 25,000-fold to apparent homogeneity and a specific activity under optimal conditions of 2,000 µmoles of AMP incorporated into tRNA per hour per mg of protein. At the final step of purification the enzyme was fractionated into two species, both of which incorporated AMP, CMP, and UMP into tRNA, although with different relative rates. Both proteins had molecular weights of about 48,000 and s20,w values of about 4. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate suggested that both proteins were single polypeptide chains. The purified enzymes were found to aggregate at elevated protein levels, but this could be prevented by high concentrations of phosphate. The amino acid compositions of both proteins were similar except for a difference in the half-cystine content. Furthermore, the species with the greater number of half-cystine residues was also more sensitive to a variety of sulfhydryl reagents. Neither protein contained any nucleotide material as determined by the ultraviolet absorption spectrum. Both enzymes were inhibited by dithiothreitol, and the AMP-, CMP-, and UMP-incorporating activities of both proteins were sensitive to incubation at temperatures between 42° and 50°. The molecular weight of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase changed during purification from about 80,000 in cruder fractions to about 48,000 after chromatography on DEAEcellulose. Evidence is presented which suggests that the molecular weight change was due to removal of bound tRNA. The formation of a tight complex between the purified enzyme and tRNA was also demonstrated.
Intelligent analysis of software architecture rationale for collaborative software design

A set of principle design decisions drives architects to design software architecture for a system satisfying requirements. The design decision making process involves a group of stakeholders exchanging their viewpoints to address various concerns and reach a consensus. Often the architecture rationale behind various design decisions is not fully captured and hence affects the maintainability of software systems. In this paper, we identify three research challenges to analyze the architecture rationale in various perspectives to provide stakeholders with a more detailed view that aids them in decision making. Firstly, we determine collective opinions of a group on different viewpoints and detect viewpoints which have gained a significant attention into the online discussion. Secondly, we propose a method to develop a traceability matrix that links various software architecture elements to its related software requirements. The requirements traceability helps to maintain software systems and address change management. Thirdly, We perform textual analysis of stakeholders' views to determine the topics that are most discussed. In order to capture and maintain the software architecture rationale for analysis, we briefly present the design of an intelligent software architecture rationale capture system that enables stakeholders to participate in an online discussion to resolve a design issue collaboratively. The system captures a structured design rationale which maintains its links to software requirements and architecture elements. Finally, a comprehensive empirical study is presented. The results from the study indicate that our system is effective in capturing and supporting stakeholders in a collaborative decision making.
An empirical investigation of the relation between coreference and quotations: can a pronoun located in quotations find its referent?

Many reference resolution studies omit anaphoric forms found in quotations, assuming that they may need special handling as there is insufficient discourse context to determine the referent. This paper reports on an empirical study performed to evaluate this assumption. Specifically, the study addresses the following questions: Are anaphoric expressions found in quotations sufficiently different to justify ignoring them, and is there enough context available for a system to determine the referents of anaphoric expressions found within quoted text? The current study focuses on the pronoun it within the Givenness Hierarchy framework of Gundel, Hedberg, and Zacharski [13]. We find that this framework can be used in most cases to locate the antecedent for referential it found in quoted text.
Superhydrophobicity and UV stability of polydimethylsiloxane/polytetrafluoroethylene (PDMS/PTFE) coatings

The incorporation of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles in curable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix allows the formulation of superhydrophobic films with contact angles of ~155-160deg. Evaluation of the effect of PTFE particle size on the superhydrophobicity was conducted by using a larger particle size (2-5 mum); the resulting film yielded a contact angle of 140deg. However, after UV irradiation, the surface gradually lost superhydrophobicity. Changes in surface chemistry resulting from these processes were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Applications for this superhydrophobic film include the coating of microelectronic devices for self-cleaning and moisture protection