cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Holographic measurements of the NASA-JPL Deep Space Network antennas

Microwave holography, as applied to reflector antennas, is a technique which utilizes the Fourier Transform relation between the complex far-field radiation pattern of an antenna and the complex aperture distribution. Resulting aperture phase and amplitude distribution data are used to precisely characterize various crucial performance parameters, including panel alignment, subreflector position, antenna aperture illumination, directivity at various frequencies, and gravity deformation effects. The holography technique provides a methodology for analysis, evaluation, and RF performance improvement of large reflector and beam waveguide antennas. Strong CW signals obtained from geostationary sources are used as far-field sources. Microwave holography has been one of the most economical techniques for increasing the performance of the large DSN antennas in terms of cost-to-performance ratio. This paper describes the application of the holography technique as applied at the NASA-JPL Deep Space Network (DSN) antennas with an emphasis on the 34-m beamwaveguide (BWG) subnet, successfully preparing them for operation at Ka-band (32 GHz). A table summarizing the holography historical data is also included. Recent results in which we aligned the panels of the three 34-m BWG antennas (DSS-24, DSS-25 and DSS-26) to an rms surface precision of 0.25 mm is described. The precision of these antennas (diameter/rms) is 1.36/spl times/10/sup 5/ and their gain limit is at 95 GHz.
Clinical outcomes of image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) with gold fiducial vaginal cuff markers for high-risk endometrial cancer

AbstractObjective. To report two year clinical outcomes of image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) to the vaginal cuff and pelvic lymph nodes in a series of high-risk endometrial cancer patients. Methods. Twenty-six consecutive high-risk endometrial cancer patients requiring adjuvant radiation to the vaginal cuff and regional lymph nodes were treated with vaginal cuff fiducial-based IGRT. Seventeen (65%) received sequential chemotherapy, most commonly with a sandwich technique. Brachytherapy followed external radiation in 11 patients to a median dose of 18 Gy in 3 fractions. The median external beam dose delivered was 47.5 Gy in 25 fractions. Results. All 656 fractions were successfully imaged and treated. The median overall translational shift required for correction was 9.1 mm (standard deviation, 5.2 mm) relative to clinical set-up with skin tattoos. Shifts of 1 cm, 1.5 cm, and 2 cm or greater were performed in 43%, 14%, and 4% of patients, respectively. Acute grade 2 gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity occur...
Grounds of Judgment: Extraterritoriality and Imperial Power in Nineteenth-Century China and Japan. By Pär Kristoffer Cassel. (Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2012. Pp. 260. $39.95.)

In this well‐researched book, Par Kristoffer Cassel offers an eloquent study of extraterritoriality, one of the central features of the “unequal treaties” of the nineteenth and early twentieth cent...
After The Family Wage

THE CURRENT CRISIS OF THE WELFARE STATE has many rootsglobal economic trends, massive movements of refugees and immigrants, popular hostility to taxes, the weakening of trade unions and labor parties, the rise of national and "racial"-ethnic antagonisms, the decline of solidaristic ideologies, and the collapse of state socialism. One absolutely crucial factor, however, is the crumbling of the old gender order. Existing welfare states are premised on assumptions about gender that are increasingly out of phase with many people's lives and self-understandings. They therefore do not provide adequate social protections, especially for women and children. The gender order that is now disappearing descends from the industrial era of capitalism and reflects the social world of its origin. It was centered on the ideal of the family wage. In this world, people were supposed to be organized into heterosexual, male-headed nuclear families, which lived principally from the man's labor market earnings. The male head of the household would be paid a family wage, sufficient to support children and a wife and mother, who performed domestic labor without pay. Of course, countless lives never fit this pattern. Still, it provided the normative picture of a proper family. The family-wage ideal was inscribed in the structure of most industrial-era welfare states.' That structure had three tiers, with social-insurance programs occupying the first rank. Designed to protect people from the vagaries of the
SERUM LIPOPROTEIN AND LIPID CHANGES IN ARTERIOSCLEROTIC BREEDER RATS.

Summary In this study, measurements were made of serum lipoproteins, cholesterol and total lipid in breeder rats. These animals develop arteriosclerosis spontaneously. Histopathologic studies were made of the liver and the aorta of these same animals to determine whether changes in serum lipid chemistry could be correlated with morphological alterations in the liver and aorta. In female breeders with grossly visible arteriosclerosis and in male breeders with microscopic arteriosclerosis, the serum βlipoprotein and cholesterol level was elevated but total lipids were reduced. These serum lipid changes were accompanied by fatty infiltration of the liver. However, the arterial lesions were relatively free of fat but contained focal subintimal accumulations of acid mucopolysaccharides. The more advanced lesions showed fibrosis, elastosis, calcification and eventual bone formation. This study revealed that although certain serum lipid parameters are elevated, no direct correlation could be established between the morphological changes and the degree of arteriosclerosis, once established, and the changes in serum lipid. These results suggest that arteriosclerosis in breeder rats is accompanied by disturbances in lipid metabolism possibly of hormonal origin, and not reflected histologically in the aorta.
Predictors of Difficult Intubation and the Otolaryngology Perioperative Consult

Airway management is one of the most important aspects of anesthesia care. Although the incidence of difficult intubation is low, predicting a potentially difficult airway can ensure that necessary staff and equipment are available. A preoperative airway evaluation should include a history and physical examination focusing on elements that can cause problems with intubation. When indicated, flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy can add valuable information regarding the upper aerodigestive anatomy. Specific patient and situational factors should be considered. Alternative plans should be defined before the initiation of anesthesia. Management of a complex airway should be a coordinated effort between anesthesiologists and otolaryngologists.
Query Sentences as Semantic (Sub) Networks

This paper presents an approach for representing queries in natural language as semantic networks. The semantic representation is intended to facilitate the translation between natural language and database queries. A domain agnostic algorithm, based on shallow features, is used to map a sentence to a sub-network of concepts within a larger ontology. This work focuses on transportation information systems and gives promising preliminary results.
Alterations in Immune Cells and Mediators in the Brain: It's Not Always Neuroinflammation!

Neuroinflammation was once a clearly defined term denoting pathological immune processes within the central nervous system (CNS). Historically, this term was used to indicate the four hallmarks of peripheral inflammaton that occur following severe CNS injuries, such as stroke, injury or infection. Recently, however, the definition of neuroinflammation has relaxed to the point that it is often now assumed to be present when even only a single classical hallmark of inflammation is measured. As a result, a wide range of disorders, from psychiatric to degenerative diseases, are now assumed to have an integral inflammatory component. Ironically, at the same time, research has revealed unexpected nonclassical immune actions of immune mediators and cells in the CNS in the absence of pathology, increasing the likelihood that homeostatic and adaptive immune processes in the CNS will be mistaken for neuroinflammation. Thus, we suggest reserving the term neuroinflammation for contexts where multiple signs of inflammation are present to avoid erroneously classifying disorders as inflammatory when they may instead be caused by nonimmune etiologies or secondary immune processes that serve adaptive roles.
The Role of Thrombospondin in Angiogenesis

Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a large multi-functional extracellular matrix molecule that is a member of a family of glycoproteins. TSP1 is a prominent component of the alpha granule of platelets, and is produced by numerous cell types, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, monocytes, keratinocytes, and some tumor cells (Frazier, 1987; Lawler, 1986). TSP1 has been described to have many physiologic functions, including involvement in cell migration, recognition, and binding. The multi-functional nature of TSP1 is illustrated by the complex molecular structure (Figure 1). TSP1 exists as a trimer of three identical subunits, each with a molecular weight of 180 kd. Each subunit is dumbbell shaped, containing globular NH2- and COOH terminal domains joined by a central stalk (Galvan et al., 1985; Lawler et al., 1985). The NH2- domain has heparin binding activity, while the COOH domain contains a cell attachment region. The stalk can be further divided into four regions: 1) a region containing the cysteines involved in interchain disulfide bonding, 2) a region homologous to procollagen type I, 3) a region with three properdin (Type 1) repeats, and 4) a region with three EGF-like (Type 2) repeats.
Principles for the Ethical Guidance of PICT

As used in this chapter, principles offer moral or ethical guidance at a level of specificity between those of foundational ethical theories, such as the Golden Rule or Immanuel Kant’s Categorical Imperative, and detailed rules of conduct, such as the 600-some commandments in the Hebrew Bible or the ever-expanding U.S. Code of Federal Regulations. In this chapter I describe the utility of a principle-based approach and offer a preliminary set of principles intended to provide practical guidance to people and organizations who create, distribute, use, and regulate pervasive information and communication technologies (PICT). My goal is to articulate principles at a level of abstraction that will facilitate (a) the creation of appropriate rules and (b) ethically sound decision-making and behavior in circumstances that no rules cover.
Public Opinion and State Action on Same-Sex Marriage:

ideologies and beliefs of a state's citi zens, especially with regard to simple, politically salient issues that are the focus of highly visible legislative action. Accord ing to Norrander and Wilcox (1999, 708), "the effect of public opinion is thought to be especially strong on morality policy." The "debate over first principles" and the "legal sanction of right and wrong" increase issue salience and ease (Mooney 1999, 676, 675). Scholars have documented strong links be tween public opinion and state death pen alty and abortion policy, for instance (Nor rander and Wilcox 1999; Mooney and Lee 2000; Norrander 2000). Three studies of state laws on employment discrimination, same-sex marriage, and sodomy laws have found little
A new I1-based hyperelastic model for rubber elastic materials

In this Note, we propose a new hyperelastic model for rubber elastic solids applicable over the entire range of deformations. The underlying stored-energy function is a linear combination of the I1-based strain invariants φ(I1;α)=(I1α−3α)/(α3α−1), where α is a real number. The predictive capabilities of the model are illustrated via comparisons with experimental data available from the literature for a variety of rubbery solids. In addition, the key theoretical and practical strengths of the proposed stored-energy function are discussed.
“An Exposition of the Whole Doctrine of Salvation:” Bucer’s Deployment of Biblical Humanist Method and the 1550 Ephesians Lectures as a Whole

A survey of the lectures as a whole demonstrates that the entire series was an exercise in the teaching of theology that constituted an expression of the biblical humanist program. This is clear in Bucer’s attention to text-critical matters; philological issues; matters of grammar and rhetoric; attention to the author in context; his use of Scripture to interpret Scripture; and the manner in which he used non-Scriptural authorities. In looking at the lectures as a whole, we also find that he treated of redemption accomplished in the first three chapters, and then redemption applied in the remaining chapters that he completed in Cambridge (through Chapter 5 in his notes, partly through Chap. 4 in his actual lectures). Attention must also be given to his use of the loci communes method as a tool in his exposition, an interpretive method derived from Renaissance humanism but now broadened to include not only interpretation of the text, but also doing theology in an exegetical context.
Reducing the Need for Postsecondary Remediation Using Self-Efficacy to Identify Underprepared African-American and Hispanic Adolescents.

Resumen en: Introduction. Postsecondary remedial education is a major problem for Higher Education affecting retention rates, degree completion rates and cost of enr...
Local electronic and chemical structure at GaN, ALGaN and SiC heterointerfaces

Defects and intermediate chemical phases at nanoscale heterointerfaces of GaN, AlGaN, and SiC can dominate their macroscopic electronic properties. We have used low energy electron-excited nanoscale luminescence spectroscopy in combination with secondary ion mass spectrometry and internal photoemission spectroscopy to correlate interface physical and electronic properties for a variety of Schottky barrier and heterointerfaces involving these semiconductors. These results demonstrate the key role of initial surface processing and subsequent chemical interaction on the heterointerface electronic states, barriers, and carrier concentrations.
Access to prosthetic devices in developing countries: Pathways and challenges

As the number of amputees continues to grow in low-resource settings, their demand for prosthetic devices continues to be unmet. Consequently, these amputees face exhausting physical, emotional, and economic challenges like navigating unfriendly terrain, emotional trauma, loss of income, and social rejection, all on a daily basis. While there have been attempts to meet this demand, the challenges in doing so are difficult and complex. Many organizations, including governments, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and private entities, are trying to deliver low-cost and durable prostheses to amputees. However, all of these organizations face a wide array of challenges related to infrastructure, technology and business in achieving this goal. With numerous distribution approaches used amongst these organizations in low-resource settings, little has been done to provide a comprehensive study of major distribution pathways and their respective challenges. This article presents the current pathways and challenges in delivering prostheses to amputees through a rigorous analysis of current organizations' approaches and the existing infrastructure in low-resource settings. The end goal of this article is to enable the reader to thoroughly understand the available options and obstacles to deliver prostheses in low-resource settings.
Accent, Gender, and Perceived Competence

Those who use non-indigenous accented speech often experience prejudice and discrimination, and in the United States, those speaking with Spanish accents are likely to be impacted. In research on speaker perceptions by type of accent, however, the gender of the speaker or of the perceiver has received less attention. In the present study, the impact of accent (North American- vs. Spanish-accented English), gender of speaker, and gender of rater on perceptions of competence were investigated in a sample of U.S. undergraduates. Participants heard a recording by either a male or female speaker who spoke in English with either a North American or Spanish accent. As hypothesized, Spanish-accented speakers were more likely to be judged negatively, female speakers were more likely to receive negative assessments, and male participants were more likely to show bias related to accent. The neglect of gender in the study of accent bias is discussed.
A Study of the Chemiluminescence of the Pb + O3 Reactions.

The chemiluminescent reaction of Pb + O3 has been studied using both "cold" and vibrationally excited O3. Emission from new states a and b has been observed in addition to the A and B states. The reaction of vibrationally excited O3 with Pb to yield PbO(A) appears to be faster than that using "cold" O3.
Congress, the White House and SALT

What are the causes and consequences of recent congressional efforts to influence not only the formulation of American arms control proposals but also the conduct of of the SALT negotiations?
UNDERSTANDING THE ORBITAL TRANSFER VEHICLE TRADE SPACE

This study uses new methods to explore the theoretical performance of over a hundred possible orbital transfer vehicle designs. The designs have varying propulsion types, fuel mass fractions, and grappling/observation equipment capabilities. Simple sizing rules are used to calculate the performance of the designs and their utility to several types of users. Designs of interest are further explored using Integrated Concurrent Engineering techniques, resulting in complete conceptual designs. The results give an understanding of the trade-space for such vehicles, including sensitivities to both design variables and assumed user needs. This clarifies some of the challenges involved such as physical constraints and sensitivities to uncertain user preferences. Several potentially viable designs are identified including an electric-propulsion high delta-V vehicle dubbed the Electric Cruiser, and a class of lower delta-V vehicles dubbed Tenders which are studied in a companion paper. NOMENCLATURE
Improving Disruption Management With Multimodal Collaborative Decision-Making: A Case Study of the Asiana Crash and Lessons Learned

Transportation networks constitute a critical infrastructure enabling the transfers of passengers and goods, with a significant impact on the economy at different scales. Transportation modes are coupled and interdependent. The frequent occurrence of perturbations on one or several modes disrupts passengers' entire journeys, directly and through ripple effects. Collaborative decision-making has shown significant benefits at the airport level, both in the U.S. and in Europe. This paper examines how it could be extended to the multimodal network level, discusses the supporting evidence, and provides recommendations for implementation. A case study on the disruption management following the Asiana Crash at San Francisco International Airport is presented. The crash led to a large number of flight diversions to many airports, such as Oakland, Los Angeles, but also Seattle for instance, disrupting the journeys of thousands of passengers. Passenger reaccommodation varied greatly from airline to airline and airport to airport. First, a passenger-centric reaccommodation scheme is developed to balance costs and delays, for each diversion airport. Second, assuming better information sharing and collaborative decision-making, we show that there was enough capacity at the neighboring airports, Oakland and San Jose, to accommodate most of the diverted flights and reoptimize the allocation of flight diversions to the Bay Area airports. Based on this case study, recommendations for the adoption of multimodal CDM are elaborated. This paper paves the way for further data-driven research for increased resilience of passenger door-to-door journeys.
Resistance change of Musca domestica to some insecticides in Sanmenxia city

Objective To analyze the change of insecticide resistance of Musca domestica in Sanmensian city.Methods Adults of Musca domestica were collected in the same breeding ground. The F1 female adults of Musca domestica of 3-5 days old were selected for the resistance monitoring test with topical application method. POLO software was used for data processing. Results Compared with the sensitive population,Musca domestica in Sanmenxia city developed high resistance against pyrethroid insecticides,while the resistance to DDVP decreased by 37. 6% in the year of 2011 compared with 2006. The resistance to deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin increased 2. 61 and 1. 19 folds respectively in year of 2011 compared with 2006. Conclusion Musca domestica in Sanmenxia city has developed high resistance against pyrethroid insecticides.
Analysis on 10 kV Wall Bushing Defect Detection Based on X Radial Digital Imaging System

By using X radial digital imaging system to proceed strip inspection for faulted L2 phase wall bushing,this paper analyzes discovered obvious discharge charring trace between L2 phase wall bushing and supporting baffle of distribution box and serious deflection of shielding net of L1 and L3 phase bushings.It analyzes main reasons for short circuit accident and confirms to be a kind of batch defect.Aiming at problems of serious excursion defects of shielding nets of L1,L2 and L3 phase bushings,it proposes corresponding improvement measures.
Study on Applying Battery Energy Storage System to Wind Power Generation

This paper researches the possibility of employing battery energy storage system(BESS) for smoothing output of wind farms and reducing the effect of output power fluctuation of wind-turbine generator system(WTGS) on power grid.With the energy storage system based on lead-acid battery as the subject investigated,a dynamic mathematic model of BESS based on third-order dynamic equivalent-circuit model of lead-acid battery is built,and a first-order filtering active-power control strategy considering the state of charge(SOC) of a battery is designed.By use of Matlab/Simulink,a simulation platform is set up based on the mathematical model built.Taking random wind for example,simulation study is made on using BESS to smooth the active power output of grid-connected wind farms.The results show that BESS can dynamically smooth the wind power output without overcharge and overdischarge.
Cause and intervention measures on hemolysis of blood Samples of children

Objectives:To improve the quality of medical and nursing care,effectively avoid sample hemolysis and achieve higher accuracy of testing on blood samples.Methods:to find causes in each process of bloodletting before and after getting blood samples by adopting quality control measures.Results:Each process of bloodletting should be attached great importance.For guarantee the sample quality,the way of bloodletting,patients' age and disease type are most important.Meanwhile the cooperation of patients' parents and the reagent quality have great impact on avoiding sample hemolysis.Conclusion:The strict quality control on each process of sample collecting is the fundamental measurements for avoiding hemolysis of blood samples.
Cortical blindness following cerebral angiography.

The use of radiological contrast agents is a common and necessary part of clinical medicine. Side effects of these agents are usually categorized as either allergic reaction including anaphylaxis, or specific organ system insult (i.e. renal impairment). A rare, but reported effect of vascular radiological contrast is transient cortical blindness.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Children

The differences between resuscitation of children and adults are discussed, and use of first and second line drugs is detailed.
Percutaneous Obliteration of Common Femoral Artery Pseudoaneurysm

This section provides a comprehensive procedural report for percutaneous obliteration of common femoral artery pseudoanerysm procedure with up-to-date explanatory notes, synopsis of the indications and contraindications, and potential complications in an organized and practical format.
How Does Angiotensin Activate Hypothalamic Neurons Essential for Controlling Sympathetic Activity and Blood Pressure

See related article, pp 1483–1493 For many years, there has been considerable controversy on whether, and how, angiotensin could act within the central nervous system to increase sympathetic activity and blood pressure. Some previous studies have supported the conclusion that angiotensin acts directly on critical sympathoexcitatory neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) via activation of nonselective cation channels,1 or other postsynaptic channels, such as the small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel2,3 or the hyperpolarization-activated I(h) channel.4 Other work has supported the hypothesis that angiotensin acts indirectly on PVN neurons through actions on preceding neurons in the responsive network and changes in synaptic neurotransmission to these neurons.5 The study by Stern et al,6 published in this volume, provides invaluable new information for this field. In a series of creative and highly thorough studies, using multidisciplinary approaches that include patch-clamp recordings from presympathetic PVN neurons and astrocytes, along with whole-animal sympathetic nerve recordings and astrocyte-targeted gene manipulations, Stern et al6 have found angiotensin does not act directly on PVN neurons, but rather targets the astrocytes surrounding these neurons. Angiotensin type-1 receptor activation excites PVN neurons indirectly by increasing …
Stop Designing Architecture, Design Your Practice!

Contemporary practice has proven that design quality is not sufficient for success. Throughout architecture’s history, there has existed the naive perception that best designs came from artists whose practice remained untouched by the imperatives of business. Most architects are entrepreneurs and designers who face business responsibilities without the right training. Architects must learn how to analyze business ideas, identify opportunities and consider marketing strategies at different stages of the design process.
On the rational recursive sequence y n = A + y n − 1 y n − m for small A

Abstract This work studies the existence of positive prime periodic solutions of higher order for rational recursive equations of the form y n = A + y n − 1 y n − m , n = 0 , 1 , 2 , … , with y − m , y − m + 1 , … , y − 1 ∈ ( 0 , ∞ ) and m ∈ { 2 , 3 , 4 , … } . In particular, we show that for sufficiently small A > 0 , there exist periodic solutions with prime period 2 m + U m + 1 , for almost all m , where U m = max { i ∈ N : i ( i + 1 ) ≤ 2 ( m − 1 ) } .
Lacuna Magna in 6 Boys with Post-Void Bleeding and Dysuria: Alternative Approach to Treatment

Abstract Six boys from 8 to 17 years old presented with blood dripping from the meatus at the termination of urination, spotting of blood on underwear and/or distal penile dysuria. Repeat urinalyses and cultures were negative, and evaluation included a voiding cystourethrogram. Diagnosis was lacuna magna in the area of the fossa navicularis, which was confirmed by cystoscopy. Each patient was treated endoscopically using a pediatric resectoscope and right-angle wire electrode. The valve was incised with the cutting current and the base of the diverticulum was fulgurated. We find that this method of treatment is preferable to incision with tenotomy scissors.
Direct interaction between troponin and myosin enhances the ATPase activity of heavy meromyosin

Contractility of the heart muscle is a result of sliding movements between thick and thin filaments, produced by interactions between actin and myosin during the cross-bridge cycle. Activation of the myofilament is triggered by Ca2+ binding to cardiac troponin C and is regulated through an “on/off” switching process occurring in the thin filament. Beside Ca2+ regulation, strongly bound cross-bridges exert a positive feedback on myofilament regulation. Despite the importance of this positive feedback mechanism, its full molecular basis has so far remained elusive. Ca2+-regulated interactions between thick and thin filaments are widely regarded as an allosteric system, which means that multiple protein-protein interactions at their interface may exert alternative feedback effects on myofilament activation. To advance knowledge about these regulatory feedback mechanisms, we investigated a previously unstudied, hypothetical interaction between cardiac troponin and myosin, and how this interaction affects the function of myosin. Our results strongly suggest that myosin does indeed interact with the N-terminus of cardiac troponin I and the C-terminus of cardiac troponin T, suggesting a possible direct interaction between myosin and the IT-arm of troponin. We also conducted an in vitro heavy meromyosin (HMM) ATPase assay, and found that troponin significantly enhanced the actin-activated ATPase activity of HMM, both in the absence of tropomyosin and at the activated state of thin filament.
GEOMETRICAL ACOUSTICS IN A HETEROGENEOUS ANISOTROPIC ELASTIC SOLID: APPLICATION TO A WAVY COMPOSITE

Karal and Keller [1] developed the geometrical acoustics for wave propagation in a heterogeneous isotropic medium, generally adopting the methods used in geometrical optics [2,3]. It is very difficult to find a solution for wave propagation in a heterogeneous anisotropic medium. Here, instead of finding an exact solution, we extend the geometrical acoustics to a heterogeneous anisotropic medium to untangle the behavior of wave fronts spreading into an undisturbed region. The eikonal equation which contains information of the phase and group velocities, along with the transport equation which governs the amplitude of propagating waves, are derived. For a one-dimensionally heterogeneous anisotropic solid, wave propagation is two dimensional and it is possible to obtain closed-form analytic formulas for the ray path and travel time of a ray. These formulas are applied to find the path and travel time of rays generated from a pointlike source and detected by a small detector. The predicted arrival times agree well with observed values.
Long-Term Coarse Particulate Matter Exposure Is Associated with Asthma among Children in Medicaid.

Rationale: Short- and long-term fine particulate matter (particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter [PM2.5]) pollution is associated with asthma development and morbidity, but there are few...
Effects of convective ice evaporation on interannual variability of tropical tropopause layer water vapor

Abstract. Water vapor interannual variability in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is investigated using satellite observations and model simulations. We break down the influences of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC), the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), and the tropospheric temperature ( ΔT ) on TTL water vapor as a function of latitude and longitude using a two-dimensional multivariate linear regression. This allows us to examine the spatial distribution of the impact of each process on TTL water vapor. In agreement with expectations, we find that the impacts from the BDC and QBO act on TTL water vapor by changing TTL temperature. For ΔT , we find that TTL temperatures alone cannot explain the influence. We hypothesize a moistening role for the evaporation of convective ice from increased deep convection as the troposphere warms. Tests using a chemistry–climate model, the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry Climate Model (GEOSCCM), support this hypothesis.
Lost Taussigs — The Consequences of Gender Discrimination in Medicine

Lost Taussigs Aside from the obvious moral issues associated with mistreatment of and job discrimination against women physicians, such behaviors can ultimately result in a loss of talent in biomedical science and worse clinical outcomes for patients.
SIGNAL PROCESSING USING CHARGE-COUPLED DEVICES

ABSTRACT The application of the recently discovered charge-coupled device (CCD) to signal processing is discussed. Specifically, the efficient processing of analog signals using a device which has the advantages of a digital filter, such as compactness and reliability, but does not require digitization, is delineated. Examples of various spectral analysis techniques which are possible with the CCD, such as filtering and Fourier analysis, are described. For Fourier analysis, a realization scheme utilizing the chirp Z transform (CZT) concept with charge-coupled devices is given. The performance limitations and accuracy of the device are discussed, and applications in the biomedical signal processing area are presented.
Noticias en torno a Yom Tob Atías, alias Jerónimo de Vargas

The team of Ferrara editors was headed by two former New Christians: an entrepreneur, a native of Spain, and a Latin scholar from Portugal who in the introductions to variant editions of their scriptural production alternately call themselves by their Christian names Jeronimo de Vargas and Duarte Pinel, and by their Jewish names Yom Tob Atias and Abraham Usque. This “editorial schizophrenia” is reflected in the Italian archives. Whereas the historian Renata Segre’s researches have documented that Duarte Pinel and Abraham Usque were one and the same person, she was unable to find archival proof uniting Jeronimo de Vargas and Yom Tob Atias. The researcher Aron Leoni came up with a Latin notarial deed in the Ferrara archives wherein “Joantu Athias” is called “ptrem ac legitimum administratorum Hieronimi Vargas” and also the latter’s “patre et legitimo administrator.” He supposed “ptrem” to be an abbreviation of “procuratorem” and “patre” to mean father. Thus he concluded that Yom Tob Atias was the father of Jeronimo de Vargas. Close examination of the document and comparison with two others which have recently come to light reveal, however, the incontrovertible identity of Yom Tob Atias and Jeronimo de Vargas. We are dealing with a typical case of ex-Marrano heteronomy: a former New Christian maintaining a separate onomastic Christian identity alongside his Jewish one.
AIR-SOAR: intelligent multi-level control

Autonomous systems must be able to deal with dynamic, unpredictable environments in real time. Our video describes a system for intelligent control of an airplane, within a realistic flight simulator (the Silicon Graphics flight simulator). The simulator allows asynchronous control of the plane’s throttle, ailerons, elevator and other control surfaces by an external system, and it provides limited asynchronous sensing of the plane’s motion. The result is a highly dynamic, real time domain in which models of the plane (and, potentially, other aircraft) are updated 20 times a second. Control of flight is complex. Unexpected events such as wind or turbulence must be responded to in a timely fashion. Further, identical control movements have different effects depending on the plane’s position and environmental conditions, making precise prediction of action effects difficult. The agent must also deal with delays in feedback from its actions, waiting for the plane to respond to changes in the control surfaces. The domain requires simultaneous execution of a range of tasks at different levels of complexity and granularity, from high level maneuvers like takeoff, landing and banked turns to low level tasks such as maintaining altitude, keeping the wings level and controlling the stick. Our autonomous agent for the flight domain is AirSoar [Pearson et al., 19931. The agent is built within
Fundamentals: Evidence-Based Practice in Complementary and Alternative Medicine—Perspectives, Protocols, Problems, and Potentials

As an introduction to this remarkable compilation of erudite chapters on the cutting-edge nature of CAM in general, with special focus on Ayurvedic medicine, we present here a brief overview and discussion of the current status of the fundamentals of EBDM for health care. The thesis of this chapter is that CAM is enriched by the systematic approach of comparative effectiveness and efficacy research and analysis for practice (CEERAP). We discuss the implications and applications of EBDM in CAM, the systematic nature of the CEERAP process toward EBDM, and the pitfalls and limitations of this approach as it pertains specifically to Ayurvedic medicine.
Observation of Circumstellar Environments with the Hubble Space Telescope

Despite serious degradation in the optical of the primary mirror due to spherical aberration, the Hubble Space Telescope has been observing a number of objects known or suspected to exhibit circumstellar jets and/or bipolar outflows in its first year and a half of operation since launch. These sources include Herbig-Haro objects, symbiotic novae, cataclysmic variables, supernovae, luminous blues variables, and proto-planetary nebulae in various stages of evolution. In this paper, I briefly discuss how spherical aberration has affected the ability of HST to carry out research in this particular field and discuss in more detail recent observations of 3 of these objects (Eta Carinae, SN 1987A, and R Aquarii) to illustrate its capabilities and limitations.
Adding Rigid Body Modes and low pass Filters to the Biquad State Space and Multinotch

This paper presents several useful extensions to the Multinotch Filter (MNF) [1], [2] and the Biquad State Space (BSS) structure [3] [4] that are useful for adding low pass filters (LPF) and rigid body models to those structures. The paper is in the form of a programmatic toolkit, which allows these structures to be including without distorting the original benefits of the MNF or the BSS. As such, they make those structures applicable to a larger set of dynamic models.
The response of specific conductance to environmental conditions in the everglades National Park, Florida

The specific conductance of surface delivery waters to the Shark River Slough (Everglades National Park, Florida) has increased significantly since the completion of Levee 29 (L-29) and the S-12 water delivery system in the early 1960's. In order to document the response of specific conductance in the slough to changing environmental conditions, it was monitored continuously for a period of 12 mo at a location in central Shark approximately 17 km south of the water delivery site. In addition, variability in isoconductivity patterns throughout the slough was assessed by conducting biweekly surveys at 97 locations.
Franchise Reforms in the Age of Migration: Why Do Governments Grant Voting Rights to Noncitizens?

This article examines the enfranchisement of noncitizens and seeks to explain governments' decisions about whether to include or exclude them from the vote. By focusing on the incentives behind incumbents' decisions, the article argues that partisanship, inequality, and immigration are the factors driving the (dis)enfranchisement of noncitizens. The theory leads to a number of testable hypotheses that are then subjected to regression analyses using an original dataset of 33 democracies in the period 1960-2010. The results indicate that while franchise reforms to include noncitizens are more likely to be passed by left-wing governments, noncitizen voting rights are highest at intermediate levels of immigration. The findings are relevant for an emerging literature of quantitative studies of immigrant rights, as well as for the literature on franchise extensions along lines of class and gender.
MicroRNAs Mediated Regulation of Expression of Nucleoside Analog Pathway Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Nucleoside analog, cytarabine (ara-C) is the mainstay of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemotherapy. Cytarabine and other nucleoside analogs require activation to the triphosphate form (ara-CTP). Intracellular ara-CTP levels demonstrate significant inter-patient variation and have been related to therapeutic response in AML patients. Inter-patient variation in expression levels of drug transporters or enzymes involved in the activation or inactivation of cytarabine and other analogs is a prime mechanism contributing to development of drug resistance. Since microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate gene-expression, the aim of this study was to identify miRNAs involved in regulation of messenger RNA expression levels of cytarabine pathway genes. We evaluated miRNA and gene-expression levels of cytarabine metabolic pathway genes in 8 AML cell lines and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data base. Using correlation analysis and functional validation experiments, our data demonstrates that miR-34a-5p and miR-24-3p regulate DCK, an enzyme involved in activation of cytarabine and DCTD, an enzyme involved in metabolic inactivation of cytarabine expression, respectively. Further our results from gel shift assays confirmed binding of these mRNA-miRNA pairs. Our results show miRNA mediated regulation of gene expression levels of nucleoside metabolic pathway genes can impact interindividual variation in expression levels which in turn may influence treatment outcomes.
The Everyday Life Intersection of Translational Science and Music

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the theoretical relationship between translational science and music. The relationship between science and music has been of great interest to philosophers, historians, and musicologists for centuries. From a sociological perspective, we argue that science and music are closely linked at the level of everyday life in contemporary biomedical science. Translational science is a scientific movement that aims to facilitate the efficient application of bio-medical research to the design and delivery of clinical services, and a qualitative approach inspired by symbolic interactionism provides the opportunity to examine the place of the scientist in this movement. The concept of the existential self provides a useful platform for this examination insofar as the reflexive nature of the existential self is the way the person’s experience of individuality is affected by and in turn affects organizational change. An ongoing qualitative study of an NIH-funded program in translational science has found that music can serve to help scientists maintain a balanced self in light of new expectations placed upon them and their work. We identify six ways in which scientists can use music to enhance their sense of self and their work.
Reaching Muslims from the Bully Pulpit: Analyzing Modern Presidential Discourse on Islam and Muslims from FDR to Trump

U.S. political discourse increasingly emphasizes Islam and Muslims. Rooted in political communication and religious discourse scholarship, this study seeks to identify broader trends and patterns in modern presidential discourse on Islam. Our quantitative content analysis builds on a sample of nearly 1,500 invocations of Islam and Muslims in U.S. presidents’ spoken domestic communications, ranging from Franklin Roosevelt (1933) to Donald Trump (2018). Results indicate that Islam largely entered presidential discourse during the Iran hostage crisis in 1979. Since then, references to Islam and Muslims have risen (particularly since the Clinton administration) and have tended to be embedded in foreign rather than domestic contexts. Presidential discourse on Islam has primarily focused on people (e.g., Muslims, Muslim Americans) and over time has become less likely to be linked to other communities of faiths. Presidents have consistently associated Islam and Muslims with notions of violence, but, with the exception of Trump, portrayals frame them as opponents or targets rather than enablers of violence. Our empirical findings are discussed in their historical and sociopolitical context.
Stronger Functional Connectivity in the Default Mode and Salience Networks Is Associated With Youthful Memory in Superaging.

"Superagers" are older adults who, despite their advanced age, maintain youthful memory. Previous morphometry studies revealed multiple default mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN) regions whose cortical thickness is greater in superagers and correlates with memory performance. In this study, we examined the intrinsic functional connectivity within DMN and SN in 41 young (24.5 ± 3.6 years old) and 40 older adults (66.9 ± 5.5 years old). Superaging was defined as youthful performance on a memory recall task, the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT). Participants underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan and performed a separate visual-verbal recognition memory task. As predicted, within both DMN and SN, superagers had stronger connectivity compared with typical older adults and similar connectivity compared with young adults. Superagers also performed similarly to young adults and better than typical older adults on the recognition task, demonstrating youthful episodic memory that generalized across memory tasks. Stronger connectivity within each network independently predicted better performance on both the CVLT and recognition task in older adults. Variation in intrinsic connectivity explained unique variance in memory performance, above and beyond youthful neuroanatomy. These results extend our understanding of the neural basis of superaging as a model of successful aging.
Efficient Cache Simulation for Affine Computations

Trace based cache simulation are common techniques in design space exploration. In this paper, we develop an efficient strategy to simulate cache behavior for affine computations. Our framework exploits the regularity of polyhedral programs to implement a cache set partition transformation to parallelize both trace generation and simulation. We demonstrate that our framework accurately models the cache behavior of polyhedral programs while achieving significant improvements in simulation time. Extensive evaluations show that our proposed framework systematically outperforms the time-partition based parallel cache simulation.
Abstracting models of strong normalization for classical calculi

Abstract Modern programming languages have effects and mix multiple calling conventions, and their core calculi should too. We characterize calling conventions by their “substitution discipline” that says what variables stand for, and design calculi for mixing disciplines in a single program. Building on variations of the reducibility candidates method, including biorthogonality and symmetric candidates which are both specialized for one discipline, we develop a single uniform framework for strong normalization encompassing call-by-name, call-by-value, call-by-need, call-by-push-value, non-deterministic disciplines, and any others satisfying some simple criteria. We explicate commonalities of previous methods and show they are special cases of the uniform framework and they extend to multi-discipline programs.
Impact of the changes in bacterial outer membrane structure on the anti-bacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles

Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have been increasingly utilized in many industries to harness their documented antibacterial properties. However, the mechanism(s) of action is still debated in the literature. The aim of this study is to understand how changes in outer membrane charge of a test bacteria Haemophilus influenzae alter the antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs of average sizes of 20 nM and 60 nM. H. influenzae outer membrane charge was altered through use of the wild strain (Rd) and mutant lines H543 and H446. Results indicate that antibacterial effects are both concentration and size dependent, with smaller NPs causing increased antibacterial response. Most critically, antibacterial assays and collected TEM images demonstrate that increasing negative charge on the outer membrane of bacteria decreased the antibacterial activity of the ZnO NPs. Finally, this work demonstrates the possibility of using ZnO NPs to treat H. influenzae infection in clinical settings.