cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Land use planning and social equity in North Carolina's compensatory wetland and stream mitigation programs.

The U.S. Clean Water Act requires compensatory mitigation for wetland and stream damage through restoration of damaged aquatic ecosystems. We evaluate the North Carolina’s Ecosystem Enhancement Program (EEP), a state agency responsible for compensatory mitigation. We compare communities gaining and losing aquatic resources during mitigation, finding new types of socioeconomic disparities that contradict previous studies of mitigation program behavior. We find average distances between impact and mitigation sites for streams (43.53 km) and wetlands (50.3 km) to be larger in North Carolina than in off-site mitigation programs in other regions previously studied. We also find that aquatic resources in the State are lost from urbanized areas that are more affluent, white, and highly educated, and mitigated at sites in rural areas that are less affluent, less well educated, and have a higher percentage of minorities. We also analyze the relationship between urban growth indicators and EEP accumulation of compensation sites. Growth indicators and long-term population projections are uncorrelated with both projected transportation impacts and advance mitigation acquired by the EEP, suggesting that growth considerations can be more effectively incorporated into the EEP’s planning process. We explore the possibility that spatial mismatches could develop between watersheds that are rapidly growing and those that are gaining mitigation. We make recommendations for ways that regulators incorporate growth indicators into the mitigation planning process.
Socially Responsible Consumer Behavior?: Exploring Used Clothing Donation Behavior

Most research on socially responsible consumer behavior has focused on consumer purchasing behavior; therefore, little is known about it during the product disposal stage. This study seeks an in-de...
Evolution of foam structures in Langmuir monolayers of pentadecanoic acid.

Measurements are reported of the evolution of foam structures in monolayers of pentadecanoic acid at the air-water interface. The foams are observed by fluorescence microscopy. Various statistical properties of this random two-dimensional cellular structure have been determined: the second moment of the cell-side distribution is constant with time, the characteristic size grows according to a power law with an exponent \ensuremath{\approxeq}0.4, Aboav's law is obeyed, and the average cell perimeter is proportional to the number of sides. Comparisons are made with experiments on soap foams, metal grains, and simulations.
Chlamydial Intracellular Survival Strategies

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial pathogen and the causative agent of blinding trachoma. Although Chlamydia is protected from humoral immune responses by residing within remodeled intracellular vacuoles, it still must contend with multilayered intracellular innate immune defenses deployed by its host while scavenging for nutrients. Here we provide an overview of Chlamydia biology and highlight recent findings detailing how this vacuole-bound pathogen manipulates host–cellular functions to invade host cells and maintain a replicative niche.
AAPL guideline for forensic evaluation of psychiatric disabilities: a disability law perspective.

Contemporary disability law takes into account the insight that physical and mental conditions need not be disabling but for the environmental and attitudinal barriers that keep people with disabilities from social participation on a plane of equality with others. The need to use a wheelchair does not disable except for curbs and stairs, and many mental conditions do not disable except for social attitudes. The “AAPL Guideline for Forensic Evaluation of Psychiatric Disabilities” is a refreshing departure from writings that approach disability from a perspective that focuses on nothing but medical considerations and the study of how individuals are defective compared with established norms. The Guideline stresses the process of examination and list important legal considerations for examiners to apply. But the Guideline does not show any awareness of a model of disability other than a medical one that classifies individuals by defect. Psychiatrists would do well to consider the role of social barriers when using the Guideline in making disability-related examinations.
β-ionone activates and bleaches visual pigment in salamander photoreceptors

Vision begins with photoisomerization of 11-cis retinal to the all-trans conformation within the chromophore-binding pocket of opsin, leading to activation of a biochemical cascade. Release of all-trans retinal from the binding pocket curtails but does not fully quench the ability of opsin to activate transducin. All-trans retinal and some other analogs, such as beta-ionone, enhance opsin's activity, presumably on binding the empty chromophore-binding pocket. By recording from isolated salamander photoreceptors and from patches of rod outer segment membrane, we now show that high concentrations of beta-ionone suppressed circulating current in dark-adapted green-sensitive rods by inhibiting the cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. There were also decreases in circulating current and flash sensitivity, and accelerated flash response kinetics in dark-adapted blue-sensitive (BS) rods and cones, and in ultraviolet-sensitive cones, at concentrations too low to inhibit the channels. These effects persisted in BS rods even after incubation with 9-cis retinal to ensure complete regeneration of their visual pigment. After long exposures to high concentrations of beta-ionone, recovery was incomplete unless 9-cis retinal was given, indicating that visual pigment had been bleached. Therefore, we propose that beta-ionone activates and bleaches some types of visual pigments, mimicking the effects of light.
Activation and signaling of the p38 MAP kinase pathway

The family members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the four main sub-groups, the p38 group of MAP kinases, serve as a nexus for signal transduction and play a vital role in numerous biological processes. In this review, we highlight the known characteristics and components of the p38 pathway along with the mechanism and consequences of p38 activation. We focus on the role of p38 as a signal transduction mediator and examine the evidence linking p38 to inflammation, cell cycle, cell death, development, cell differentiation, senescence and tumorigenesis in specific cell types. Upstream and downstream components of p38 are described and questions remaining to be answered are posed. Finally, we propose several directions for future research on p38.
Acute reversal of pheochromocytoma-induced catecholamine cardiomyopathy

Pheochromocytoma is a rare neuroendocrine tumor. We report a case of pheochromocytoma-induced cardio-myopathy in an 18-year-old white female. A review of the literature indicated that this is the most dramatic reversal of pheochromocytoma cardiomyopathy reported. With aggressive medical management, there was complete recovery of the hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and electrocardiographic abnormalities within 14 days. This case emphasizes the importance of aggressive and appropriate medical therapy in pheochromocytoma heart disease.
Spheromak Magnetic Fusion Energy Power Plant with Thick Liquid-Walls

A power plant based on a spheromak device using liquid walls is analyzed. We assume a spheromak configuration can be made and sustained by a steady plasma gun current, which injects particles, curr...
Generating high quality schedules for a spacecraft memory downlink problem

This work introduces a combinatorial optimization problem called MARS EXPRESS Memory Dumping Problem (MEX-MDP), which arises in the European Space Agency program MARS EXPRESS. It concerns the generation of high quality schedules for the spacecraft memory downlink problem. MEX-MDP is an NP-hard combinatorial problem characterized by several kinds of constraints, such as on-board memory capacity, limited communication windows over the downlink channel, deadlines and ready times on the observation activities. The contribution of this paper is twofold: on one hand it provides a CSP model of a real problem, and on the other it presents a set of metaheuristic strategies based on local and randomized search which are built around the constraint-based model of the problem. The algorithms are evaluated on a benchmark set distilled from ESA documentation and the results are compared against a lower bound of the objective function. This work describes results obtained in the framework of a research study conducted for the European Space Agency (ESA-ESOC) under contract No.14709/00/D/IM.
Structural chemistry of MagnEli phases TinO2n−1 (4 ≤ n ≤ 9). III. Valence ordering of titanium in Ti6O11 at 130 K

Abstract The phase transition at 147 K in Ti6O11 corresponds to the occurrence of a superstructure with tripling of the cell volume on cooling. Its reduced cell parameters at 130 ± 5 K are a = 7.517(1), b = 11.986(2), c = 13.397(2) A, α = 98.29(1), β = 105.52(1), and γ = 107.79(1) degrees in space Group P 1 with Z = 6. A systematic nomenclature adding one index to the substructure atom names permits calculation of the model's atomic coordinates in the asymmetric unit in terms of the rutile sub-substructure and keeps track of the structural changes. The superstructure was solved by direct methods and refined to RF = 5.2% on 3062 observed reflections assuming isotropic thermal motion. A complex pattern of TiO and TiTi distance changes is observed. It is interpreted to correspond to valence ordering of the Ti atoms, probably complete in the shear-plane slab and partial in the rutile-like slab. The TiTi distances, with one very short approach of 2.65 A at a shared face, seem to be consistent with “bipolarons” but can also be analyzed in terms of electrostatic repulsion which allows for the considerable lengthening of some distances as well.
Latinos in the Global Context: Beneficiaries or Irrelevants?

It is well established that the impact of globalization is immediate and widespread. Yet the public institution most affected by this force of change is slow in responding to the need for change in content and its conceptualization of the learner and citizen. This article examines at ground level the impact that this inertia has on one of the youngest and fastest growing groups in the United States: U.S. Latinos. Although gifted with many of the skills and dispositions highly valued in the global economy, U.S. Latinos face three major educational roadblocks that impede their access to the global village: a low-quality education, resegregation across the educational system, and limited access to higher education.
Quantification of airspace sector capacity using decentralized conflict resolution procedures

This article quantifies the maximum capacity of fixed-altitude airspace sectors and develops conflict resolution algorithms to achieve this capacity using constant-speed heading-change maneuvers. The proposed conflict resolution algorithms are decentralized and can be used for sectors with multiple intersections. We show that the acceptable output-flow-rate determines the capacity of the sector; automation procedures (for conflict resolution) can be designed to achieve this sector capacity.
Structural microbiology at the pathogen-host interface.

Summary Bacterial pathogens achieve the internalization of a multitude of virulence factors into eukaryotic cells. Some secrete extracellular toxins which bring about their own entry, usually by hijacking cell surface receptors and endocytic pathways. Others possess specialized secretion and translocation systems to directly inject bacterial proteins into the host cytosol. Recent advances in the structural biology of these virulence factors has begun to reveal at the molecular level how these bacterial proteins are delivered and modulate host activities ranging from cytoskeletal structure to cell cycle progression.
Wideband DS/CDMA signals in multipath fading channels: analysis, simulation and measurements

For narrowband signals the envelope of the received signal is well characterised by a Rayleigh random process. Rayleigh fading causes large variations in the signal envelope. For wideband signals, the effect of Rayleigh fading is mitigated. This paper considers the effect of receiver processing on the mitigation effect for wideband DS/CDMA signals. The mitigation effect is shown here by a reduction of the coefficient of variation of the received power as a function of bandwidth spreading. The parameters chip rate, processing gain and the number of multipath components tracked are investigated for their effect upon the mitigation-the mitigation effect is sensitive to combinations of these parameters. >
Adolescent‐Parent Conflict in Middle‐Class African American Families

Everyday conflicts between adolescents and parents were examined in 95 middle-class African American families, 44 with preadolescents and 51 with early adolescents, who were further divided into two groups based on family income. The incidence, frequency, and intensity of conflicts were assessed using the Issues Checklist, and content, justifications, and resolutions were coded from individual interviews. Conflicts were relatively frequent, low in intensity, and occurred over issues such as the adolescent's room, chores, choice of activities, and homework. Early adolescents rated conflicts as more intense than did preadolescents, but mothers' ratings of conflict intensity and families' ratings of conflict frequency differed by family income. African American adolescents primarily reasoned about conflicts as issues of personal jurisdiction, whereas their mothers primarily appealed to social conventions. Nearly all conflicts were resolved by adolescents giving in to parents, but adolescent concession declined with age, whereas unresolved conflicts and use of punishment increased. Number and intensity of conflicts and adolescent concession were predicted by both parenting practices and sociodemographic background; conflict frequency and joint resolution were predicted only by parents' educational attainment. Although conflict may reflect normative developmental processes of individuation, the cultural and ecological context of middle-class African American families influences its expression and resolution.
The Provenance of WINE

The results of cyber security experiments are often impossible to reproduce, owing to the lack of adequate descriptions of the data collection and experimental processes. Such provenance information is difficult to record consistently when collecting data from distributed sensors and when sharing raw data among research groups with variable standards for documenting the steps that produce the final experimental result. In the WINE benchmark, which provides field data for cyber security experiments, we aim to make the experimental process self-documenting. The data collected includes provenance information -- such as when, where and how an attack was first observed or detected -- and allows researchers to gauge information quality. Experiments are conducted on a common test bed, which provides tools for recording each procedural step. The ability to understand the provenance of research results enables rigorous cyber security experiments, conducted at scale.
Prevented Mortality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Historical and Projected Nuclear Power

In the aftermath of the March 2011 accident at Japan’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the future contribution of nuclear power to the global energy supply has become somewhat uncertain. Because nuclear power is an abundant, low-carbon source of base-load power, it could make a large contribution to mitigation of global climate change and air pollution. Using historical production data, we calculate that global nuclear power has prevented an average of 1.84 million air pollution-related deaths and 64 gigatonnes of CO2-equivalent (GtCO2-eq) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that would have resulted from fossil fuel burning. On the basis of global projection data that take into account the effects of the Fukushima accident, we find that nuclear power could additionally prevent an average of 420 000–7.04 million deaths and 80–240 GtCO2-eq emissions due to fossil fuels by midcentury, depending on which fuel it replaces. By contrast, we assess that large-scale expansion of unconstrained natural gas use wou...
Designing Implicit Interfaces for Physiological Computing: Guidelines and Lessons Learned Using fNIRS

A growing body of recent work has shown the feasibility of brain and body sensors as input to interactive systems. However, the interaction techniques and design decisions for their effective use are not well defined. We present a conceptual framework for considering implicit input from the brain, along with design principles and patterns we have developed from our work. We also describe a series of controlled, offline studies that lay the foundation for our work with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging, as well as our real-time platform that serves as a testbed for exploring brain-based adaptive interaction techniques. Finally, we present case studies illustrating the principles and patterns for effective use of brain data in human--computer interaction. We focus on signals coming from the brain, but these principles apply broadly to other sensor data and in domains such as aviation, education, medicine, driving, and anything involving multitasking or varying cognitive workload.
Inflammatory Mediators in Alkali-Burned Corneas: Preliminary Characterization

Leukocyte chemotactic factors (LCF) are important inflammatory mediators which activate and recruit leukocytes from the circulation into sites of tissue damage. These factors were recently detected in the tear fluid of inflamed eyes induced by alkali burn. It remains unclear, however, whether the detected LCF are released from injured corneal tissues or leaked from the circulation. Using a corneal cup model developed in our laboratory, we began examining the capability of corneal tissues to produce LCF in response to alkali injury. We also evaluated the influence of citric acid on the production of LCF from corneas preinjured by the alkali sodium hydroxide (NaOH). For these studies, the epithelial surfaces of corneas isolated from bovine and human eyes were exposed to IN NaOH for 35 seconds at room temperature. The NaOH was then removed and the epithelial surfaces washed once with buffer and incubated with culture medium for 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours at 37°C/5% CO2 atmosphere. Our results showed that (1) NaOH ...
Challenges: towards truly scalable ad hoc networks

The protocols used in ad hoc networks today are based on the assumption that the best way to approach multiple access interference (MAI) is to avoid it. Unfortunately, as the seminal work by Gupta and Kumar has shown, this approach does not scale. Recently, Ahlswede, Ning, Li, and Yeung showed that network coding (NC) can attain the max-flow min-cut throughput for multicast applications in directed graphs with point-to-point links. Motivated by this result, many researchers have attempted to make ad hoc networks scale using NC. However, the work by Liu, Goeckel, and Towsley has shown that NC does not increase the order capacity of wireless ad hoc networks for multi-pair unicast applications. We demonstrate that protocol architectures that exploit multi-packet reception (MPR) do increase the order capacity of random wireless ad hoc networks by a factor Θ(log n) under the protocol model. We also show that MPR provides a better capacity improvement for ad hoc networks than NC when the network experiences a single-source multicast and multi-pair unicasts. Based on these results, we introduce design problems for channel access and routing based on MPR, such that nodes communicate with one another on a many-to-many basis, rather than one-to-one as it is done today, in order to make ad hoc networks truly scalable.
Dynamic waveform shaping for reconfigurable radiated periodic signal generation with picosecond time-widths

In this paper, a scalable architecture is presented which can generate and radiate reconfigurable periodic waveforms in free-space with picosecond time-widths. This is achieved by allowing radiated electromagnetic-fields of fundamental and multiple harmonic frequencies to combine in free-space with the right amplitudes and delays, and quasi-optically construct the time-domain waveform in the desired direction. In this paper, a 4-element array with integrated antennas is presented which is demonstrated to radiate pulse trains of 2.6 ps time-widths as well as pure tones and harmonic frequencies at 107.5 GHz (EIRP=4.5 dBm), 215 GHz (EIRP=5.0 dBm) and any combination of amplitudes and delays of these two harmonics to generate a set of reconfigurable waveforms in free space. No silicon lens or substrate thinning was employed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the sharpest radiated pulses demonstrated in any IC technology. The chip is fabricated in 65nm LP CMOS process.
Effect of detergents on the N-and ring-hydroxylation of 2-acetamidofluorene by hamster liver microsomal preparations.

Abstract Effects of detergents such as cholate, deoxycholate and Triton X-100 were studied on N-and ring-hydroxylation of 2-acetamidofluorene by reconstituted and unresolved microsomal systems from livers of hamsters pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene. Triton X-100 (2.5 mg/nmol of cytochrome P-448) inhibited N-and ring-hydroxylation by wholemicrosomal preparations by 40 and 90% respectively Deoxycholate at the same concentration inhibited both hydroxylations completely, whereas cholate inhibited N-and ring-hydroxylation by 40 and 50% respectively. In reconstitution studies, the presence of Triton X-100(0.5-1.0mg/nmol of cytochrome P-448) along with unsolubilized cytochrome P-448 fraction and solubilized reductase fraction increased N-hydroxylation to an appreciable extent compared with ring-hydroxylation. Both cholate and deoxycholate at 0.5-1.0 mg concentrations had a greater stimulatory effect on ring-than on N-hydroxylation activity in such a reconstituted system.
Representing Africa in the Museu Afrobrasil (Afrobrazil Museum)

Although Brazil has the highest number of peoples of African descent outside the African continent, this fact is not reflected in the nation’s museums. The Museu AfroBrasil is one of the few institutions that includes African art and material culture in its collections and exhibitions. Further, it is the only Brazilian museum that presents African material culture as part of a larger narrative of African influences on Brazil from the slave era to the present. The institution’s mission is to, “promote recognition, valorization and preservation of Brazilian, African, and Afro-Brazilian cultural patrimony, and its presence in national culture.” Though, because much of the public is reluctant to acknowledge the country’s African heritage, getting Brazilians to engage with African art and material culture in the museum setting is especially challenging. Using as its evidentiary basis a diverse group of sources, including exhibition catalogs, interviews, and primary research conducted at the museum, this paper critically explores how the Museu AfroBrasil represents African art and material culture to its visitors in the Africa: Diversity and Persistence section of the permanent collection exhibition and the temporary exhibition Africas and Africanisms (September 7, 2012 – March 31, 2013).
An Introduction to the Conspicuous and Distinguishing Characteristics of Neoplasms

Cancer represents a myriad collection of diseases that affect every cell type and tissue of the human body. Cancer sometimes affects young people (children), but is observed most commonly among older individuals. Cancer can be hereditary or can occur without any apparent genetic predisposition. Despite the fact that cancer represents a collection of hundreds (or possibly multiple hundreds) of diseases, common characteristics have been identified that can be observed in many, if not all, types of human cancer. These conspicuous and distinguishing features of neoplastic disease (and specifically cancer) reflect neoplastic cell-intrinsic and tumor-intrinsic characteristics, which can be further classified as enabling or hallmark features. It has long been appreciated that the most conspicuous features of cancer are (1) uncontrolled (and unrelenting) cellular proliferation, and (2) local invasion and distant metastasis. In the last several decades, it has become clear that cancer is a genetic disease, or at least a disease of abnormal gene expression (where all cancer-associated phenotypes can be linked to mutant genes and/or aberrant gene expression). All the enabling features of cancer contribute to the abnormal transcriptome, and all the hallmark features can be related back to the abnormal transcriptome. For the purpose of this article, 12 enabling and hallmark features of cancer are presented.
FEATURE FILMS Mahamat-Saleh Haroun. A Screaming Man . Original title: Un homme qui crie. 2010. Chad and France. French and Chadian Arabic, with English subtitles. 91 min. Film Movement and Pyramide International. $24.95.

Mahamat-Saleh Haroun. A Screaming Man. Original title: Un homme qui crie. 2010. Chad and France. French and Chadian Arabic, with English subtitles. 91 min. Film Movement and Pyramide International. $24.95.A Screaming Man, Mahamat-Saleh Haroun's fourth feature film after Bye Bye Africa (1999), Abouna (2002), and Daratt (2006), was widely shown and distributed after winning the Jury Prize at the 2010 Cannes Film Festival. Although Haroun has lived in France for thirty years, he chose to set all four films in his native Chad: "If I stopped making them, you would never see images of Chad This view of the world, from this country where there aren't film-makers, is very important I think. So, I do it through solidarity and because I feel a responsibility not to leave this country invisible" (in Alexandra Topping, "Mahamat Saleh Haroun Brings Chad to the World, and Vice Versa, through Film," The Guardian, Feb. 25, 2013). The success of A Screaming Man led the government of Chad to fund a film for the first time, Haroun's Gris-Gris (2013) which, like Abouna and A Screaming Man, was shown in competition at Cannes. The Chadian government has also agreed to open a film school in N'Djamena, which will be run by the filmmaker Issa Serge Coelo.The main characters of Abouna and Daratt are children hurt by the absence of their fathers. The protagonist of A Screaming Man is a father whose presence ultimately destroys his son. Adam, a winner in his youth of the Central African Swimming Championships and still nicknamed "Champion" in his mid-fifties, has passed his expertise as a swim instructor and hotel pool supervisor on to his son, Abdel, only to see Abdel replace him when the N'Djamena hotel where they work is bought by a Chinese owner who downsizes the staff. Demoted to guard at the hotel gate, Adam experiences a twofold struggle. His identity, from competitive swimmer to maitre nageur, has been constructed around the swimming pool from which he has been evicted. And Abdel's willingness to accept their boss's offer to supplant him leads Adam in turn to betray his son, with far more dire consequences. Adam stops the payments to the army that have thus far spared Abdel from being drafted to fight in Chad's brutal and unending civil war, and the film remains ambiguous about whether this is an act of financial or psychological desperation. Abdel is wounded in the fighting and dies in the sidecar of his father's motorcycle after Adam sneaks him out of the barracks to take him home.A Screaming Man, an intimate portrait of an African family in the midst of an African civil war, avoids all stereotypes (both those derived from non-African sources and from Africa itself) of the African continent, its people, or its film. Haroun's Chad, for better or for worse, is neither remote nor isolated; Adam shares his swimming pool with his fellow employees, the new owner, Madame Wang, and a number of French tourists and military personnel. …
GLAUCOMA DRAINAGE DEVICE COMPLICATED BY FUNGAL PARACONIOTHYRIUM ENDOPHTHALMITIS

Ten years after Baerveldt TM implantation, a woman underwent immunosuppressive therapy for necrotizing scleritis. She subsequently developed symptoms suggestive of endophthalmitis in the setting of tube exposure. C ultures isolated fungal Paraconiothyrium. She underwent two vitrectomies with anterior chamber washouts, Baerveldt TM device removal, and intraocular and systemic antifungal therapy. The endophthalmitis has since resolved. Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE Purpose : To report the first documented case of Paraconiothyrium fungal endophthalmitis associated with a glaucoma drainage device. Methods : A 74-year-old woman with a history of primary open angle glaucoma had undergone Baerveldt TM glaucoma implantation 10 years earlier. She presented with pain and injection, was diagnosed with necrotizing scleritis, and started on prednisone and methotrexate. She subsequently developed worsening pain, vision loss, and infiltrates suggestive of fungal endophthalmitis, in the setting of an exposed Baerveldt TM tube. Results : Surgical cultures were positive for fungal Paraconiothyrium. The patient underwent two pars plana vitrectomies, anterior chamber washouts, removal of the Baerveldt TM device and intraocular lens, and intraocular and systemic antifungal therapy. The fungal infiltrates and inflammation have since resolved. Conclusions : Fungal endophthalmitis is an exceedingly rare complication of glaucoma drainage device implantation, but must be considered, especially in an immunocompromised patient.
Anticoccidial Activity of Lonomycin (SQ 12,525) in Chicks

Abstract Lonomycin (TM-481, SQ. 12,525) at various concentrations in the feed was tested in controlled battery experiments against laboratory strains of single and mixed Eimeria species infections. The experimental results indicated that lonomycin at doses of .003125, .00625, or .0125% demonstrated a high degree of anticoccidial activity by preventing or reducing mortality, reducing fecal dropping scores, and allowing for normal or near-normal weight gains against single and mixed infections of 5 major pathogenic species, E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. necatrix, and E. tenella. Lonomycin, at these same dosages, was highly effective against a recent field isolate obtained from a flock previously fed monensin. These studies involving 7 trials totaling 1,680 broiler chicks, have demonstrated that lonomycin at levels of .003125 to .0125% (dependent on species of Eimeria) in the feed is an effective aid in the control of avian coccidiosis in broiler chickens.
Phantom Stock Executive Compensation Plans

Unlike the popular market-value stock options, stock awards and stock appreciation plans, phantom stock plans do not involve ownership of publicly-traded stock, although market-based stock may be u...
A CMOS-compatible low back reflection grating coupler for on-chip laser sources integration

We demonstrate a low back reflection grating coupler on a SOI CMOS-compatible process designed for vertical integration of on-chip laser sources. It showed <-26dB back reflection and 1.9dB coupling loss to a 4μm-diameter laser mode.
Safety and efficacy of renal cryoablation for small renal masses: midterm follow-up

database, all patients with stage T1aN0M0 RCC (r4cm) diagnosed in 2004 to 2011 were identified. Sociodemographic trends in use of surgery vs. TA were evaluated by chi-square and logistic regression. Overall survival (OS) was estimated using Kaplan-Meier from the time of diagnosis. Difference in utilization rate of TA in 2004-2007 vs. 2008-2011 was observed. Results: Of 28351 patients with T1a lesion, 2133 (7.5%) did not receive curative therapy. Of 26218 patients who received curative therapy, the majority underwent surgical resection: 24992 (95.3%) surgical resection, 671(2.6%) CRA, 553(2.1%) (po0.001). While mean overall survival was similar between the surgery (81.1 months) and TA (81.0 months) group (p1⁄40.612). Those who did not receive curative therapy had a significantly shorter mean OS (70.4 mo; po0.001) when compared to curative group as a whole. Furthermore, mean OS for TA group was also significantly prolonged compared to no curative therapy group (po0.001). Being unmarried, Z65 years of age, being insured, living in metropolitan areas, in Pacific Coast region, and residing in areas with higher median family income demonstrated higher likelihoods of receiving TA when compared to surgery (po0.001). There was a significant increase in the rate of use of TA compared to surgery in more recent years (3.2% in 2004-2007 vs. 5.3% in 2008-2011 (po0.001)). Older age, being unmarried, living in rural areas with lower median family income and lower educational status were found to be predictor of not receiving therapy. Conclusion: There was significant disparity in the management of T1a RCC lesions, in part affected by patient’s sociodemographic determinants. In addition, there was significant underutilization of less invasive thermal ablation which demonstrated similar survivorship compared to surgery and significantly prolonged survival compared to no therapy.
Design of control system of mining large capacity assembled switches based on ARM11

This paper designed a control system of mining assembled switches,based on embedded technique and industrial ethernet.It realized functions such as running monitoring,fault protection,network communication,running parameters and state displayed.In this paper,it gave the structures of software hardware in the system,and the practical plan related to work ways.It also introduced a designing method on software system and management system of upper computer in detail.Result of trial operation shows that this system is stable and reliable,and suit for the requirement of mining assembled switches.
Benign Renal Cysts and Renal Function

AbstractA series of renal masses found to be simple renal cysts was studied with the 131iodine hippuran quantitative scintillation camera. No significant decrease in function was noted. Parenchymal destruction and functional loss are uncommon in simple cysts regardless of size or position.
Parp1 protects against Aag-dependent alkylation-induced nephrotoxicity in a sex-dependent manner.

// Jennifer A. Calvo 1,2,* , Mariacarmela Allocca 1,2,* , Kimberly R. Fake 1,2 , Sureshkumar Muthupalani 3 , Joshua J. Corrigan 1,2 , Roderick T. Bronson 4 and Leona D. Samson 1,2,5 1 Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA 2 Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA 3 Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA 4 Rodent Histopathology Core, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 5 The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA * These authors have contributed equally to the work Correspondence to: Leona D. Samson, email: // Keywords : alkylating agents, MMS, Parp1, Aag, nephrotoxicity, Pathology Section Received : September 15, 2015 Accepted : June 06, 2016 Published : July 06, 2016 Abstract Nephrotoxicity is a common toxic side-effect of chemotherapeutic alkylating agents. Although the base excision repair (BER) pathway is essential in repairing DNA alkylation damage, under certain conditions the initiation of BER produces toxic repair intermediates that damage healthy tissues. We have shown that the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase, Aag (a.k.a. Mpg), an enzyme that initiates BER, mediates alkylation-induced whole-animal lethality and cytotoxicity in the pancreas, spleen, retina, and cerebellum, but not in the kidney. Cytotoxicity in both wild-type and Aag -transgenic mice ( AagTg ) was abrogated in the absence of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 ( Parp1 ). Here we report that Parp1-deficient mice expressing increased Aag ( AagTg/Parp1 -/- ) develop sex-dependent kidney failure upon exposure to the alkylating agent, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and suffer increased whole-animal lethality compared to AagTg and wild-type mice. Macroscopic, histological, electron microscopic and immunohistochemical analyses revealed morphological kidney damage including dilated tubules, proteinaceous casts, vacuolation, collapse of the glomerular tuft, and deterioration of podocyte structure. Moreover, mice exhibited clinical signs of kidney disease indicating functional damage, including elevated blood nitrogen urea and creatinine, hypoproteinemia and proteinuria. Pharmacological Parp inhibition in AagTg mice also resulted in sensitivity to MMS-induced nephrotoxicity. These findings provide in vivo evidence that Parp1 modulates Aag-dependent MMS-induced nephrotoxicity in a sex-dependent manner and highlight the critical roles that Aag-initiated BER and Parp1 may play in determining the side-effects of chemotherapeutic alkylating agents.
Floating collection in an academic library: An audacious experiment that succeeded

ABSTRACTCan a floating collection thrive in a large multicampus academic research library? Floating collections have been successful in public libraries for some time, but it is uncommon for academic libraries and unheard of for a large academic library system. This article will discuss the investigation into the feasibility of a floating collection at Penn State University Libraries, its implementation, and continuation for a period covering 2009 through 2015. Attaining the floating collection, limited to monographs in the general stacks of campus libraries, proved to be easier to implement than imagined and resulted in unintended benefits as well as some surprises.
IGF-I and the Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression in Smooth Muscle Cells

Insulin-like growth factor-I is a mitogen for multiple cell types. Vascular smoothmuscle cells (SMC) are a useful model for studying cell cycle regulation because they maintain a stable, partially dedifferentiated phenotype in vitro and their phenotypic characteristics are similar to the characteristics of vascular SMC that proliferate in whole animal models following vascular injury. Exposure of cultured SMC to serum results in a doubling within 48 hr. In contrast, these cells require the induction of cell stress to proliferate in response to IGF-I. Hyperglycemia serves as a model of cell stress in this test system. Cells exposed to 25mM glucose will double in number in response to IGF-I within 48 hr whereas cells exposed to 5mM glucose do not proliferate. There are two important determinants of the ability of these cells to respond to IGF-I with an increase in proliferation. The first is that the signaling protein, Shc, must be recruited to the cell membrane and phosphorylated. Induction of Shc phosphorylation results in enhancement of MAP kinase activity, which is required for an increase in cell division. In order for these cells to undergo a mitogenic response and for Shc to be phosphorylated, the signaling protein IRS-1 must be down regulated, which occurs in these cells in response to hyperglycemic stress. Second, to recruit Shc to the cell membrane, the integrin receptor, αVβ3, must be stimulated by increasing concentrations of its ligands. Hyperglycemic stress induces the increased synthesis of several αVβ3 ligands, including vitronectin, osteopontin and thrombospondin.
Improving child welfare services with family team meetings: A mixed methods analysis of caseworkers' perceived challenges

Abstract Various forms of family team meetings have been increasingly employed in child welfare systems to empower families and provide effective individualized services through community partnerships. However, many family team meetings often fail to achieve their intended goals mainly due to ongoing challenges that team members face. Using data from a survey of caseworkers, this study examined dynamic processes of family team meetings to improve child welfare service outcomes, specifically focusing on caseworkers' perceived challenges. Also, responses to an open ended question were reviewed using content analysis to identify similar or different challenges encountered by diverse team members. Survey data were analyzed using path analysis and found that logistical barriers tended to decrease both family and stakeholder engagements, which in turn made child welfare services less accessible, less utilized, and less effective for children and families. Content analysis revealed that caseworkers perceived disagreement/conflict and knowledge deficits about child welfare as common challenges for all team members. This paper concludes with practice implications suggesting ways to minimize challenges identified and maximize the effectiveness of a family team meeting.
Discovering novel phenotypes with automatically inferred dynamic models: a partial melanocyte conversion in Xenopus

Progress in regenerative medicine requires reverse-engineering cellular control networks to infer perturbations with desired systems-level outcomes. Such dynamic models allow phenotypic predictions for novel perturbations to be rapidly assessed in silico. Here, we analyzed a Xenopus model of conversion of melanocytes to a metastatic-like phenotype only previously observed in an all-or-none manner. Prior in vivo genetic and pharmacological experiments showed that individual animals either fully convert or remain normal, at some characteristic frequency after a given perturbation. We developed a Machine Learning method which inferred a model explaining this complex, stochastic all-or-none dataset. We then used this model to ask how a new phenotype could be generated: animals in which only some of the melanocytes converted. Systematically performing in silico perturbations, the model predicted that a combination of altanserin (5HTR2 inhibitor), reserpine (VMAT inhibitor), and VP16-XlCreb1 (constitutively active CREB) would break the all-or-none concordance. Remarkably, applying the predicted combination of three reagents in vivo revealed precisely the expected novel outcome, resulting in partial conversion of melanocytes within individuals. This work demonstrates the capability of automated analysis of dynamic models of signaling networks to discover novel phenotypes and predictively identify specific manipulations that can reach them.
Fused filament 3D printing of ionic polymer-metal composites for soft robotics

Additive manufacturing techniques are used to create three-dimensional structures with complex shapes and features from polymer and/or metal materials. For example, fused filament three-dimensional (3D) printing utilizes non-electroactive polymers, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA), to build structures and components in a layer-by-layer fashion for a wide variety of applications. Presented here is a summary of recent work on a fused filament 3D-printing technique to create 3D ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) structures for applications in soft robotics. The 3D printing technique overcomes some of the limitations of existing manufacturing processes for creating IPMCs, such as limited shapes and sizes and time-consuming manufacturing steps. In the process described, first a precursor material (non-acid Nafion precursor resin) is extruded into a thermoplastic filament for 3D printing. Then, a custom-designed 3D printer is described that utilizes the precursor filament to manufacture custom-shaped structures. Finally, the 3D-printed samples are functionalized by hydrolyzing them in an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide and dimethyl sulfoxide, followed by application of platinum electrodes. Presented are example 3D-printed single and multi-degree-of-freedom IPMC actuators and characterization results, as well as example soft-robotic devices to demonstrate the potential of this process.
Cultural identity forum: Enacting the self-awareness imperative in intercultural communication

Courses: Intercultural Communication; any course with an intercultural communication unit.Objectives: Students will demonstrate the self-awareness imperative in intercultural communication, explore their own cultural identities, and reflect on others cultural identities in order to build their intercultural communication competence.
Lyapunov Stability of Dynamical Systems determinined by Differential Inequalities with Applications to Robust Stability 1

Abstract We develop a Lyapunov stability theory for finite dimensional continuous-time dynamical systems described by a system of first order ordinary differential inequalities . We utilize this theory to establish sufficient robust stability criteria for a large class of finite dimensional, continuous-time dynamical systems described by systems of ordinary differential equations. We demonstrate the applicability of the methodology advanced herein by means of a specific example which has been considered in the literature. In terms of computational complexity and conservatism of stability criteria, the present results frequently offer improvements over existing results.
Papel de los estudios de imagen en el diagnóstico etiológico de las bronquiectasias: la distribución es la clave

Diseases that involve the medium caliber airways (segmental and subsegmental bronchi) are common and present clinically with nonspecific respiratory symptoms such as cough, recurrent respiratory infections and occasionally, hemoptysis. The abnormal and irreversible dilation of bronchi is known as “bronchiectasis”. The diagnosis can be challenging and the analysis of the regional distribution of the bronchiectasis is the most useful diagnostic guide. The objective of this manuscript is to describe the main imaging findings of bronchiectasis and their classification, review the diseases that most commonly present with this abnormality, and provide an approach to the diagnosis based on their imaging appearance and anatomic distribution. Bronchiectasis is a frequent finding that may result from a broad range of disorders. Imaging plays a paramount role in diagnosis, both in the detection and classification, and in the diagnosis of the underlying pathology.