cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The metal-electrolyte boundary studied with in situ photoemission

The boundary between copper (111) and 0.5M H2SO4 was investigated using interfacial photoemission spectroscopy. Exploiting knowledge of electron momentum restrictions a feature in the ratio of p-polarized to s-polarized photoelectron yield was correlated with the onset of transitions to Bloch-like final states within the metal at 4.1eV. This provided some energy specification in the electron energy integrated yield data. We have used our understanding of this process to monitor the quality of the interface using both clean and adsorbate (thiourea, Br−) covered Cu surfaces. The major effect of adsorption is attributed to a loss of conservation of electron momentum parallel to the surface during the emission process.
Robust maximum likelihood source localization: the case for sub-Gaussian versus Gaussian

In this paper, we investigate an alternative to the Gaussian density for modeling signals encountered in audio environments. The observation that sound signals are impulsive in nature, combined with the reverberation effects commonly encountered in audio, motivates the use of the sub-Gaussian density. The new sub-Gaussian statistical model and the separable solution of its maximum likelihood estimator are presented. These are used in an array scenario to demonstrate with both simulations and two different microphone arrays the achievable performance gains. The simulations exhibit the robustness of the sub-Gaussian-based method while the real world experiments reveal a significant performance gain, supporting the claim that the sub-Gaussian model is better suited for sound signals
Neuroblastoma: Sonography’s Major Role in Its Diagnosis and Treatment

Neuroblastoma is a common malignancy of infancy and early childhood. The difference in the outcomes for patients with these neoplasms is striking. Infants younger than one year have a good prognosi...
Predict and act: dynamic thermal management for multi-core processors

In this paper, we propose a proactive dynamic thermal management scheme for chip multiprocessors that run multi-threaded workloads. We introduce a new predictor that utilizes the band-limited property of the temperature frequency spectrum. A big advantage of our predictor is that it does not require the costly training phase like ARMA [7]. Our thermal management scheme incorporates temperature prediction information and runtime workload characterization to perform efficient thermally aware scheduling. Our results show that applying our algorithm considerably improves the average system temperature, hottest core temperature, product MTTF and performance by 6 °C, 8 °C, 41% and 72% respectively.
Amorphous carbon films as planarization layers deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

A dry planarization process utilizing plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films has been developed. The degree of planarization obtained for these films is better than that of many conventional spun-on polymers. Carbon films 2.5 mu m thick have been shown to planarize 1.5- mu m-deep, 400- mu m-wide trenches to within 0.2 mu m. The deposition process can be carried out at room temperature with low ion bombardment energy (10 V) and fast deposition rate (300 nm/min). The planarization layers have been used in conjunction with both wet and dry deposited inorganic imaging layers in bilayer resist schemes to form submicrometer patterns. >
A New Question Sequence to Measure Voter Turnout in Telephone Surveys Results of an Experiment in the 2006 ANES Pilot Study

survey respondents typically report having voted at a rate higher than the nation in fact turned out on election day. this may be the result of errors people make when trying to remember whether they voted and of motivated misreporting due to social desirability bias. this paper explores whether a new sequence of questions designed to reduce both types of errors reduces reports of turnout in telephone interviews. an experiment embedded in the 2006 american national election studies pilot study indicates that the question sequence did do so, and that it resulted in turnout estimates more consistent with official records than did the simple, direct traditional anes question.
Position specific variation in the rate of evolution in transcription factor binding sites

Background The binding sites of sequence specific transcription factors are an important and relatively well-understood class of functional non-coding DNAs. Although a wide variety of experimental and computational methods have been developed to characterize transcription factor binding sites, they remain difficult to identify. Comparison of non-coding DNA from related species has shown considerable promise in identifying these functional non-coding sequences, even though relatively little is known about their evolution.
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevation in Ambulatory Cardiac Patients Evidence for Chronic Hemolysis

Activity of total lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and that of the heat-stable isozyme (LDH-1) was measured by the method of Strandjord and Clayson in the serum of 62 cardiac patients with congenital and valvular heart disease before and after cardiac catheterization and at follow-up examination after cardiac surgery. A universal elevation of both total and heat-stable LDH was found in patients with prosthetic heart valves of several types. Lesser degrees of abnormalities were seen in a number of the patients without prosthetic devices. Some patients had a small increase in serum enzyme activity the day after cardiac catheterization. The evidence presented implicates hemolysis in the production of these abnormalities. It is suggested that all patients with prosthetic valves and a significant percentage of patients with severe hemodynamic abnormalities have chronic, usually compensated, intravascular hemolysis secondary to mechanical damage to red blood cells. These findings must be kept in mind in interpreting...
The biomechanical effect of radial shortening on the radiocapitellar articulation

Repeated trauma to the radial head may be one of the causative factors in the genesis of osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum. We measured the force, contact area and pressure across the radiocapitellar articulation of the elbow before and after radial shortening osteotomy in five fresh-frozen cadaver upper limbs with loads of 45, 90 and 135 N, respectively. Measurements were made on pressure-sensitive film placed in the radiocapitellar articulation with the forearm in the supinated, neutral and pronated positions before and after radial shortening. Radial shortening significantly reduced the mean force and contact area across the radiocapitellar articulation in all positions of the forearm.
An improved Hopfield model for power system contingency classification

A method for designing neural networks (NNs) for classifying contingencies in terms of the number and type of limit violations is presented. Specifically, an optimization method (in contrast to a learning method) for finding the weights and thresholds of an associated Little-Hopfield NN is developed. This optimization method, which uses the linear programming technique, maximizes the probability of classifying the contingency correctly. The contingency classification problem is formulated into a pattern recognition problem. A NN to detect a prescribed set of patterns is then designed. >
Criteria for Approval of Controlled-Release Products

Controlled-release drug products, produced by innovative technology, require premarketing evaluation, and criteria for approval are evolving. Conditions which would cause one to consider reliance solely on bioavailability data are set forth. Examples of recent drugs are given to show why and what kind of clinical trials were performed.
The integrated control concept and its relevance to current integrated pest management in California fresh market grapes.

The foundation of an integrated pest management program involves valid treatment thresholds, accurate and simple monitoring methods, effective natural controls, selective pesticides and trained individuals who can implement the concept. The Integrated Control Concept written by Stern, Smith, van den Bosch and Hagen elucidated each of these points in an alfalfa ecosystem. Alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) has a low per acre value, requires little hand labor and is primarily marketed in the USA. In contrast, fresh market table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) has a high per acre value, requires frequent hand labor operations, suffers unacceptable cosmetic damage and is marketed throughout both the USA and the world. Each of the components of a working IPM program is present in table grape production. Marketing grapes to foreign countries presents special problems with pests considered invasive and where residue tolerances for some selective insecticides are lacking. However, fresh market grape farmers are still able to deal with these special problems and utilize an IPM program that has resulted in a 42% reduction in broad-spectrum insecticide use from 1995 to 2007. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Direct U-Pb dating of Cretaceous and Paleocene dinosaur bones, San Juan Basin, New Mexico: COMMENT

[Fassett et al. (2011][1], herein) analyzed fossil bone fragments from the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and claim to have achieved the “first successful direct dating of fossil vertebrate bone” (p. 159). This claim is asserted to establish the survival of dinosaurs into the Paleogene, thus
Biospecific protein immobilization for rapid analysis of weak protein interactions using self‐interaction nanoparticle spectroscopy

“Reversible” protein interactions govern diverse biological behavior ranging from intracellular transport and toxic protein aggregation to protein crystallization and inactivation of protein therapeutics. Much less is known about weak protein interactions than their stronger counterparts since they are difficult to characterize, especially in a parallel format (in contrast to a sequential format) necessary for high-throughput screening. We have recently introduced a highly efficient approach of characterizing protein self-association, namely self-interaction nanoparticle spectroscopy (SINS; Tessier et al., 2008; J Am Chem Soc 130:3106–3112). This approach exploits the separation-dependent optical properties of gold nanoparticles to detect weak self-interactions between proteins immobilized on nanoparticles. A limitation of our previous work is that differences in the sequence and structure of proteins can lead to significant differences in their affinity to adsorb to nanoparticle surfaces, which complicates analysis of the corresponding protein self-association behavior. In this work we demonstrate a highly specific approach for coating nanoparticles with proteins using biotin–avidin interactions to generate protein–nanoparticle conjugates that report protein self-interactions through changes in their optical properties. Using lysozyme as a model protein that is refractory to characterization by conventional SINS, we demonstrate that surface Plasmon wavelengths for gold–avidin–lysozyme conjugates over a range of solution conditions (i.e., pH and ionic strength) are well correlated with lysozyme osmotic second virial coefficient measurements. Since SINS requires orders of magnitude less protein and time than conventional methods (e.g., static light scattering), we envision this approach will find application in large screens of protein self-association aimed at either preventing (e.g., protein aggregation) or promoting (e.g., protein crystallization) these interactions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 240–250 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Poverty reduction using self-interested intermediaries: Implications for the design of inter-governmental transfers

The paper studies the design of inter-governmental transfers when re- distribution is eected through the public provision of a private good (education) by local government agents. The central government does not necessarily have the same preferences as the local agents regarding the relative welfare of poor and non-poor individuals, but must rely on them to implement public spending decisions. This divergence of pref- erences induces an incentive role, which does not rely on the existence of externalities, for matching grants that take the form of two-part tar- is. Numerical simulations are used to investigate the dependence of the matching grant on the relationship between central and local preferences, local poverty rates, and the use of poverty maps.
Examination of the Silicon–Silicon Carbide Interface by Ultraviolet Photoemission Spectroscopy

Photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) was used to investigate the interface properties of deposited silicon on hexagonal 6H-silicon carbide. SiC cleaned in Si flux from a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system was used for this study. All processes were accomplished in an ultra high vacuum integrated system that allowed all cleaning, deposition, and analysis to be completed without exposure to ambient atmosphere. Thicknesses of sub- to multiple monolayers were deposited and the valence band structure was investigated. The valence band maximum (VBM) was observed to shift for Si depositions greater than 1 monolayer. The VBM offset was determined to be 2.4eV for a layer of 60A Si on SiC. Furthermore, the prominent surface state feature of the silicon carbide (0001)si surface is reduced after Si deposition. The results are discussed in terms of the electronic properties of the Si – SiC interface.
Approval plans for religious and theological libraries

Abstract The task of acquiring materials in the area of religion on a level to support research and teaching for graduate or professional programs is a challenging one. Even within the relatively narrow scope of religious or theological studies, the quantity of published material makes it a substantial task to review all newly published titles. The concept of an approval plan, whereby books published within a defined subject area (or areas) are automatically shipped to the library, at first seems a logical and elegant method of reducing the burden on typically overworked bibliographers. Unfortunately, experiences from a variety of seminary and theological libraries corroborate our essentially negative experiences with approval plans. It appears that for specialized collections such as theological libraries, approval plans may be a good idea whose time has not (or perhaps never will) come. Some of the problems with approval plans are discussed, and the alternatives used by the Divinity Library at Vanderbilt are presented.
Descriptive Research and Qualitative Research

Descriptive research is a study of status and is widely used in education, nutrition, epidemiology, and the behavioral sciences. Its value is based on the premise that problems can be solved and practices improved through observation, analysis, and description. The most common descriptive research method is the survey, which includes questionnaires, personal interviews, phone surveys, and normative surveys. Developmental research is also descriptive. Through cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, researchers investigate the interaction of diet (e.g., fat and its sources, fiber and its sources, etc.) and life styles (e.g., smoking, alcohol drinking, etc.) and of disease (e.g., cancer, coronary heart disease) development. Observational research and correlational studies constitute other forms of descriptive research. Correlational studies determine and analyze relationships between variables as well as generate predictions. Descriptive research generates data, both qualitative and quantitative, that define the state of nature at a point in time. This chapter discusses some characteristics and basic procedures of the various types of descriptive research.
MBDMAC: A MAC Protocol for Multi-beam Directional Antennas in Wireless Networks

In this paper, we propose a new MAC protocol for multi-beam directional antenna. In the protocol, each beam-sector has its own control channel, thus the communications among different beam-sectors are independent. It uses the Directional Network Allocation Vector (DNAV) to record the establishment processes. After sensing all the sectors of multi-beam antenna, it uses the global assignment strategy to assign the directional communication channels. Extensive simulation results show that our protocol can significantly improve the throughput of entire wireless network at the expense of the slightly increased RTS/DRTS requests during establishment process.
Chemistry and Structure of a Host–Guest Relationship: The Power of NMR and X-ray Diffraction in Tandem

An amine/amide mixed covalent organic tetrahedral cage 1 (H(12)) was synthesized and characterized. The H(12) cage contains 12 amide NH groups plus four tertiary amine N groups, the latter of which are positioned in a pseudo-tetrahedral array. Crystallographic findings indicate that the tetrahedral host can adopt either a pseudo-C(3) symmetric "compressed tetrahedron" structure, or one in which there are two sets of three stacked pyridine units related by a pseudo-S(4) axis. The latter conformation is ideal for encapsulating small pentameric clusters, either a water molecule or a fluoride ion surrounded by a tetrahedral array of water molecules, i.e., H(2)O·4H(2)O or F(-)·4H(2)O, as observed crystallographically. In solution, however, (19)F NMR spectroscopy indicates that H(12) encapsulates fluoride ion through direct amide hydrogen bonding. By collectively combining one-dimensional (1)H, (13)C, and (19)F with two-dimensional (1)H-(1)H COSY, (1)H-(13)C HSQC, and (1)H-(19)F HETCOR NMR techniques, the solution binding mode of fluoride can be ascertained as consisting of four sets of independent structural subunits with C(3) symmetry. A complex deuterium exchange process for the fluoride complex can also be unraveled by multiple NMR techniques.
Differential involvement of 5-HT2A receptors in the discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine and methamphetamine

Abstract Involvement of 5-HT 2A receptors in the discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine versus methamphetamine was studied in Sprague Dawley rats ( n =10) trained to discriminate 10 mg/kg cocaine, i.p., from saline under a fixed-ratio 10 (FR10) schedule of food presentation. The ability of (±)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI), a 5-HT 2A receptor agonist, and ketanserin, a 5-HT 2A receptor antagonist, to either substitute for or block the discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine, or to shift the cocaine dose–response curve, was evaluated. DOI (0.18–1.0 mg/kg) partially substituted for the training dose of 10 mg/kg cocaine, but only at doses that decreased rates of responding. At the highest dose of DOI tested (1.0 mg/kg), there was about 65% cocaine-appropriate responding. Substitution of DOI for cocaine and DOI-induced decreases in rates of responding were completely reversed by ketanserin (3.0 mg/kg). Ketanserin (3.0 mg/kg) also produced a significant shift to the right of the cocaine dose–response curve and antagonized increases in rates of responding produced by lower doses of cocaine. Ketanserin (1.0–10.0 mg/kg), however, did not block the discriminative-stimulus effects of the training dose of cocaine. When DOI (0.3 mg/kg) was co-administered with different doses of cocaine, there was a slight leftward shift in the cocaine dose–response curve, which was not significant and appeared to reflect simple additive effects of DOI and cocaine. In contrast, the same dose of DOI (0.3 mg/kg) produced a marked and highly significant shift to the left of the methamphetamine (0.18–1.0 mg/kg) dose–response curve in the same subjects and the effects of DOI and methamphetamine were clearly more than additive. The present findings provide new evidence that there is some serotonergic modulation of cocaine's discriminative-stimulus actions, which appears to involve stimulation of 5-HT 2A receptors. However, involvement of 5-HT 2A receptor activity in the discriminative-stimulus actions of cocaine appears to be less pronounced than in similar actions of methamphetamine.
Determination of chloramphenicol residues in aquatic products by enzyme immnunoassay assay

Objective:To develop an enzyme immunoassay method for the detection of chloramphenicol(CAP) residues in aquatic products.Methods:CAP residues in different samples were extracted with different methods and detected an enzyme immunoassay kit detected.Results:The limit of detection(LOD) was 0.01 μg/kg.On the spiked levels of 0.5 μg/kg and 2.0 μg/kg,the mean recovery of ths method were 72%～116% and 86%～108%,respectively,with the RSD foe the repeatability of 1.8%～6.2% and 6.5%～7.8%,and the RSD for the reproducibility of 3.8% and 5.9%.Conclusion:The sensitivity,accuracy and precision of the method are consistent with the guide for quality control of residues analysis.It is suitable for the rapid detection of CAP residues in aquatic products.
Prenatal Detection of Genetic Disorders

The prenatal detection of genetic disorders has become an area of increasing importance during the past few years. Medical and public awareness of the concept of familial disorders and genetic counseling has been the major stimulus for interest in this field. The acceptance of transabdominal amniocentesis as a safe technique, advances in tissue culture technique markedly reducing the complexity of growing cells, micromethods for biochemical assays, and simplified methods for chromosomal analysis have all contributed to the rapid advances in this field.
A randomized trial of acetohydroxamic acid for the treatment and prevention of infection-induced urinary stones in spinal cord injury patients.

AbstractAcetohydroxamic acid is known to inhibit bacterial urease activity, thus, reducing urinary ammonia levels. A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of acetohydroxamic acid was conducted at 12 Veterans Administration spinal cord injury units. A total of 210 male spinal cord injury patients with chronic urea-splitting urinary infection was enrolled for a scheduled followup of 2 years. The study data support the usefulness of acetohydroxamic acid in reducing urinary ammonia. At every followup visit the acetohydroxamic acid patients with stones had decreases in ammonia of 30 to 48mg. per dh., while the placebo patients had increases in ammonia. Acetohydroxamic acid also retarded stone growth. Patients with stones treated with acetohydroxamic acid exhibited significantly longer intervals from randomization to first stone growth than patients treated with placebo (p less than 0.005, medians 15 versus 9 months). Acetohydroxamic acid reduced significantly the proportion of patients with stone grow...
Partitioning of assimilates

Abstract Grapevines capture resources from the environment and manufacture carbohydrates and other assimilates such as amino acids in source organs and transport them via the phloem to sink organs for growth, further metabolism, or storage. All organs start out as sinks, but leaves transition to sources as they grow, and woody organs may variously serve as sources or sinks, while grape berries remain sinks for good. The phloem transports mainly sucrose and some amino acids and inorganic nutrients such as potassium dissolved in water. Phloem flow follows pressure gradients that are generated osmotically by loading of nutrient solutes in sources and unloading them in sinks. Assimilate partitioning to the various sinks of a grapevine depends on their relative priority, which changes with position, seasonal development, and environmental influences. Microclimatic variables such as light, temperature, wind speed, and humidity alter a vine's canopy and are altered by it. This interaction is sensed by the leaves and used to determine canopy architecture and photosynthesis, and thus vine growth and productivity. In addition to the photosynthates produced in the leaves, assimilates are also produced from mineral nutrients taken up by the roots. Nitrogen is taken up mostly as nitrate and converted into amino acids for metabolism, storage, or export. Photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation are interdependent and influence each other via positive and negative feedback loops depending on environmental and developmental factors.
Situations for Teaching

This chapter deals with the various possible situations that may occur in which some teaching of construction takes place. And, if I can stretch it, some ideas about how my book can be used for the teaching effort.
CodY, a master integrator of metabolism and virulence in Gram-positive bacteria

A growing body of evidence points to CodY, a global regulator in Gram-positive bacteria, as a critical link between microbial physiology and pathogenesis in diverse environments. Recent studies uncovering graded regulation of CodY gene targets reflect the true nature of this transcription factor controlled by ligands and reveal nutrient availability as a potentially critical factor in modulating pathogenesis. This review will serve to update the status of the field and raise new questions to be answered.
AIS versus ISS versus GCS-what’s going on here?

The development of reliable, rapid, and easy-to-use scoring systems for determination severity of injury has been a major focus of trauma care and resuscitation for the past few decades. Such scales, most especially the Glasgow Coma Score in traumatic brain injury, have dramatically enhanced the ability of emergency personnel, physicians, and nurses to communicate the status and severity of injury in shorthand form, both verbally and in records, so that the broader medical community can immediately understand the clinical scenario when interpreting them. Furthermore, utilization of scoring systems to prognosticate has also been attempted with some modicum of success, but the scoring systems when used in isolation or even in combination with one another do have limitations and should be used with this in mind. Commonly employed systems aimed at classifying the totality of injury burden either by organ system or the body as a whole include the Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) and the Injury Severity Score (ISS). This chapter discusses these scales/scores, their origins, utility and limitations, and their correlation with outcome.
Analysis of Cysteine Redox Post-Translational Modifications in Cell Biology and Drug Pharmacology

Reversible cysteine oxidation is an emerging class of protein post-translational modification (PTM) that regulates catalytic activity, modulates conformation, impacts protein-protein interactions, and affects subcellular trafficking of numerous proteins. Redox PTMs encompass a broad array of cysteine oxidation reactions with different half-lives, topographies, and reactivities such as S-glutathionylation and sulfoxidation. Recent studies from our group underscore the lesser known effect of redox protein modifications on drug binding. To date, biological studies to understand mechanistic and functional aspects of redox regulation are technically challenging. A prominent issue is the lack of tools for labeling proteins oxidized to select chemotype/oxidant species in cells. Predictive computational tools and curated databases of oxidized proteins are facilitating structural and functional insights into regulation of the network of oxidized proteins or redox proteome. In this chapter, we discuss analytical platforms for studying protein oxidation, suggest computational tools currently available in the field to determine redox sensitive proteins, and begin to illuminate roles of cysteine redox PTMs in drug pharmacology.
LABOR MOBILITY AND WAGE RATE EQUALIZATION

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the way in which techniques of international trade theory can be applied to the issue of wage rate equalization when some house-holds are mobile between locations. The analysis has emphasized the importance of the endowments of immobile households in determining the conditions for factor price equalization when there are nontraded goods. The presence of nontraded goods that enter the utility function of mobile factors of production, thus, introduce new elements into the analysis of factor-price equalization. These results can be applied to the empirical literature that uses wage rate and land rent differences across urban areas to measure differences in the quality of life. The theoretical results generating these empirical tests assume that the levels of location-specific attributes uniquely determine wage rates in equilibrium. Wage rates will then be negatively related to the level of desirable attributes and land rents will be positively related to attribute levels.
Abstract BS3-1: Unfolding the unfolded protein response in breast cancer

During tumor development and progression, cancer cells encounter cytotoxic conditions such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and low pH due to inadequate vascularization. To maintain survival and growth in the face of these physiologic stressors, a set of adaptive stress response pathways are induced. One adaptive pathway well studied in other contexts is the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is induced by factors affecting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options and TNBC-targeted therapies do not yet exist. We found that XBP1, a key component of the UPR, is activated in TNBC and plays a pivotal role in the tumorigenicity and progression of this human breast cancer subtype. Depletion of XBP1 blocked primary tumor growth, inhibited tumor relapse and reduced the population of chemotherapy-resistant tumor initiating cells (TICs). Genome-wide mapping of the XBP1 transcriptional regulatory network revealed that XBP1 regulates the hypoxia response through controlling HIF1α transcriptional activity and the expression of HIF1α targets. Notably, we identified a gene expression signature indicative of XBP1 pathway activation that is associated with poor prognosis in two independent cohorts of patients with TNBC. Our findings reveal a key function for this branch of the UPR in TNBC, opening new therapeutic avenues for patients with TNBC. Citation Format: Chen X. Unfolding the unfolded protein response in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr BS3-1.
Age-Based Stratification of Drivers to Evaluate the Effects of Age on Crash Involvement

Abstract: Traffic crashes imperil roadway users and impose a considerable economic burden on society. Previous studies have investigated several aspects of traffic crashes such as severity, frequency, and influential factors, yet the causal and spatial differences between crashes involving drivers from different age groups remain unclear. In this paper, we illustrate the causal, spatial and temporal variations in crash involvement patterns of different age groups, including age 16-49, 50-64, and 65+. Furthermore, we stratified the aging drivers (65+) in order to explore the age-specific differences within this group, considering that the changes brought by aging may differ tremendously at different stages. For this purpose, we implemented an approach with two distinct phases: (a) a geographic information system (GIS)–based spatiotemporal analysis, and (b) a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results indicate that crashes of different age groups differ not only in terms of influential factors but also spatially and temporally on the roadway network. The findings of this study will be eminently useful for public and/or private agencies to identify and address problematic issues particularly for aging drivers, and thus will enhance the safety and mobility of aging roadway users as well as entire population.
Alternative tourism in Budapest: class, culture and identity in a postsocialist city

Alternative Tourism in Budapest is an ethnographic study of the imaginaries embedded in an ‘Instagram-able cityscape’ (p. xv) that is mired in the illiberalism of Hungarian leader Viktor Orban. Rel...
Photodissociation of Gas Phase Metal Clusters

Over the past decade, research involving transition metal complexes emphasized the synthesis and structural characterization of novel metal-containing compounds. However, the 1980s are seeing a rapidly developing field at the interface of organometallic chemistry and chemical physics, addressing questions of bonding, electronic structure, and reactivity of transition metal complexes. Interest in these issues is reinforced by the promise of metal-containing species for practical applications in areas such as catalysis(1–5) and microelectronics(6,7)
Association between maternal depression and maternal sensitivity from birth to 12 months: a meta-analysis

Maternal sensitivity plays a central role in shaping children’s development across a number of domains, and may be disrupted by depression. The current meta-analysis quantified the magnitude of the...
Detecting Adverse Drug Reactions on Twitter with Convolutional Neural Networks and Word Embedding Features

Motivated by limitations of adverse drug reaction (ADR) detection in clinical trials and passive post-market drug safety surveillance systems, a number of researchers have examined social media data as a potential ADR information source. Twitter is a particularly attractive platform because it has a large, diverse user community. Two challenges faced in applying Twitter data are that ADR descriptions are infrequent relative to the overall number of user posts and human review of all posts is impractical. To address these challenges, we framed the ADR detection problem as a binary classification task, where our objective was to develop a computational method that can classify user posts, known as tweets, relative to the presence of an ADR description. We developed a convolutional neural network model (ConvNet) that processes tweets as represented by word vectors created using unsupervised learning on large datasets. The ConvNet model achieved an F1-score of 0.46 and sensitivity of 0.78 for tweet ADR classification on the test dataset, compared to 0.37 F1-score and 0.33 sensitivity obtained by two baseline support vector machine (SVM) models that incorporated word embedding, n-gram, and lexicon features. We attribute the superior ConvNet model performance to its ability to process arbitrary length inputs, which allows it to evaluate every word embedding in a given tweet and make better use of their semantic content as compared to the SVM models which require a fixed length, aggregated embedding input. The results presented demonstrate the feasibility of detection of infrequent ADR mentions in large-scale media data.
Hypertension and obesity in African-American patients undergoing surgery

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of hypertension and obesity in a population of African-American patients scheduled to undergo surgery. Weight and blood pressure were measured in 431 randomly selected patients. This included 282 women (65%) and 149 men (35%). Hypertension was present in 27% of the women and 32% of the men. Obesity was present in 58% of the women and 23% of the men. Fifteen percent of all patients met the criteria for having both hypertension and obesity. This study confirms the high incidence of hypertension and obesity in the African-American population. The high morbidity and mortality associated with these conditions suggest that a renewed community-wide effort and public education program on the part of health-care providers is needed to inform this patient population of these dangers.
Polymorphic acetylation of procainamide in man

N-Acetylprocainamide (NAPA) and procainamide plasma and urine concentrations were determined by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) densitometry in people of known acetylator phenotype (dapsone phenotyping) taking procainamide for more than 3 days. The plasma NAPA/procainamide ratio 3 hr after the last dose for fast acetylators (mean plus or minus SD) is 1.8 plus or minus 0.59 (N equal to 8) and for slow acetylators, 0.61 plus or minus 0.09 (N equal to 6) P smaller than 0.001). The renal clearance of NAPA averaged 1.2 times the simultaneously measured endogenous creatinine clearance, whereas procainamide clearance was approximately double the creatinine clearance. There was no difference between slow and rapid acetylators in the renal clearance of either drug or the urine pH, indicating that the difference in plasma NAPA/procainamide ratios between these two groups is due to differences in their rates of acetylation. Therefore, procainamide is probably acetylated by the polymorphic N-acetyltransferase in man. Reflecting the blood level differences, the NAPA/procainamide ratio in urine (collected 99 to 180 min after last dose) was found to be higher in rapid than in slow acetylators. The plasma protein binding of NAa and of procainamide are similar. Since NAPA seems to have an antiarrhythmic potency similar to procainamide, NAPA probably contributes to the antiarrhythmic activity of procainamide therapy, especially in genetic rapid acetylators.
Characterization of two glycosyl hydrolases, putative prophage endolysins, that target Clostridium perfringens

Clostridium perfringens, a spore-forming anaerobic bacterium, causes food poisoning and gas gangrene in humans and is an agent of necrotizing enteritis in poultry, swine and cattle. Endolysins are peptidoglycan hydrolases from bacteriophage that degrade the bacterial host cell wall causing lysis and thus harbor antimicrobial therapy potential. The genes for the PlyCP10 and PlyCP41 endolysins were found in prophage regions of the genomes from C. perfringens strains Cp10 and Cp41, respectively. The gene for PlyCP10 encodes a protein of 351 amino acids, while the gene for PlyCP41 encodes a protein of 335 amino acids. Both proteins harbor predicted glycosyl hydrolase domains. Recombinant PlyCP10 and PlyCP41 were expressed in E. coli with C-terminal His-tags, purified by nickel chromatography and characterized in vitro. PlyCP10 activity was greatest at pH 6.0, and between 50 and 100 mM NaCl. PlyCP41 activity was greatest between pH 6.5 and 7.0, and at 50 mM NaCl, with retention of activity as high as 600 mM NaCl. PlyCP10 lost most of its activity above 42°C, whereas PlyCP41 survived at 50°C for 30 min and still retained >60% activity. Both enzymes had lytic activity against 75 C. perfringens strains (isolates from poultry, swine and cattle) suggesting therapeutic potential.
Utility of a screening tool for haemostatic defects in a multicentre cohort of adolescents with heavy menstrual bleeding

Introduction Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) may be expected for many adolescents after menarche. Accurate assessment of HMB, a key component in the diagnosis of a haemostatic defect (HD), is a well-recognized challenge. Aim Our objective was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of an HMB-specific screening tool for HDs in adolescents with HMB, presenting to a secondary care setting. Methods Adolescents with HMB were evaluated for a HD at 4 US centres. A screening tool, the Philipp Tool, developed and validated in adult women with HMB, was administered. We modified the tool by assigning a score based on the number of affirmative responses. Sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios (LRs) of a positive tool, modified tool, with a pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC) score >185, and with serum ferritin ≤20 ng/mL were calculated for HDs. Results Among 248 adolescents with HMB, 29% were diagnosed with HDs. Sensitivity, specificity and LR of a positive screening tool for HDs were 95% (range 88-99), 14% (9-21) and 1.1 (1-1.2), respectively. A score of ≥2, addition of a PBAC score >185 and ferritin ≤20 ng/mL changed the sensitivity, specificity and LR of the tool to 72% (61-81), 94% (83-99), 76% (65-85); 60% (53-68), 24% (16-34) and 39% (31-47) and 1.8 (1.4-2.2), 1.2 (1.1-1.4) and 1.2 (1-1.4), respectively. Conclusion Although sensitive, the discriminative ability of the tool to identify adolescents with HDs from those without, who presented with HMB, was low. Further research is needed to optimize or develop an adolescent-specific HMB tool for secondary care settings.
Examining characteristics of worry in relation to depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation and attempts.

Abstract Background Pathological worry is defined as worry that is excessive, pervasive, and uncontrollable. Although pathological worry is related to depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation, less is understood about what specific features of worry confer risk for these mental health conditions. The current study examined associations between four characteristics of worry—frequency, duration, controllability, and content—and self-reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and lifetime suicide attempts. Methods A sample of 548 community participants (53.6% female, 45.4% male, 0.5% transgender male, 0.2% transgender female, and 0.2% gender non-binary), aged 19–98 years ( M = 36.54, SD = 12.33), was recruited via Amazon's MTurk and completed a battery of self-report questionnaires online. Results Results indicated that controllability of worry was uniquely associated with depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation above and beyond other characteristics of worry, demographic variables, negative affect, and future-oriented repetitive thinking. Lifetime suicide attempts were found non-significant to these mental health outcomes. Frequency of worry was also positively related to depression. Limitations This study utilized a cross-sectional design with exclusive self-report measures. Conclusions Overall, these findings suggest that controllability of one's thoughts may be a key transdiagnostic factor that confers risk for a variety of psychopathology-related concerns. Clinical relevance includes identifying potential risk factors for varying psychopathology. Future research should examine relationships between worry controllability and anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and attempts, within clinical samples and utilizing a variety of methodologies.
Robust Output Feedback Control Design for a Class of AUVs

In this paper, a robust output feedback stabilization for a class of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) is investigated. Two cases for, nonlinear, decoupled equations of motion of AUV in steering plane are considered in this work. In the first scenario, where all states are measurable, semi-global asymptotic stability for a class of AUV is shown by proposing a state-feedback controller based on Sliding Mode Control (SMC). The stability analysis is evaluated under model uncertainties and parametric variations. Then for the second case, Extended High-Gain Observer (EHGO), augmented with Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is used to estimate the immeasurable states. It is shown that the states of the closed-loop system with output feedback controller, approach the invariant manifold in finite time and stay there. Efficacy of the proposed controllers is demonstrated with the help of numerical simulations.
Observed Effects of Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) Methods in Education of Students in Uganda [Kennesaw State University]

Researchers have examined the effects of the SIOP, Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol, model on English Language Learners (ELLs) in the United States. With the SIOP model, teachers use research-based instruction that benefits all students including ELL students. However, there is a need to examine its effects for students in other countries. This study compares the performance and engagement of students in a rural setting in Uganda when they experience instruction that follows parts of the SIOP model. Many students in Uganda struggle in mathematics because of the lack of support due to class sizes of about 65-105 students. This study will highlight the use of researched methods for ELLs within the United States for students in other countries, such as Uganda, that will help students in Uganda’s educational system. Based on the observations of participation, engagement, and performance on the tests given by the researcher during this study, the data gathered from the researcher and the local teachers will show that the methods are working for the students at Ekitangaala. The analysis of this observational data has resulted in cross-cultural symbiotic pedagogical learning. The results show that the students are more engaged when they are learning in an environment that employs SIOP researched methods and better retain content for testing which allowed for better performance.
Interaction of SO2 with ZnO Nanoshapes: Impact of Surface Polarity

As petroleum-related products dominate the global fuel market, acid gas resistant materials are in demand. ZnO is one of the widely used materials as SO2 sorbent and catalyst/catalyst support. To u...
Staying Afloat Amidst the Tempest: External Pressures Facing Private Child and Family Serving Agencies and Managerial Strategies Employed to Address Them

ABSTRACTPrivate child and family serving agencies operate within a turbulent environment characterized by changing client needs, interorganizational competition, resource scarcity, and demand for a...
Soil Water Sensor Performance and Corrections with Multiple Installation Orientations and Depths under Three Agricultural Irrigation Treatments

Performance evaluations and corrections of soil water sensors have not been studied using different installation orientations under various irrigation treatments in the Texas High Plains. This study evaluated the performance of four sensors using factory calibration and derived field corrections as compared to calibrated neutron moisture meters (NMMs). Sensor performance was assessed using horizontal insertion, laid horizontal placement, and vertical insertion at 15.2, 45.7, and 76.2 cm depths in a clay loam soil with three irrigation treatments. Results indicated the factory-calibrated Acclima 315 L performed satisfactorily using horizontal insertion as compared to NMM measurements at 45.7 and 76.2 cm depths with a ±2% mean difference (MD) and 60 mm) in the 0.9 m soil profile using the Watermark 200SS. In summary, field corrections are required for Decagon GS1, Campbell Scientific 655, and Watermark 200SS sensors.
Anatomy of Intraoperative Monitoring

Structure and function are intimately related. There is an old adage that structure subserves function. This is at once a simple and yet profound statement. Look around your environment and you will prove this concept to yourself time and again. A coffee cup, by necessity, has a hole at the top and not at the bottom. Its structure subserves the function of holding coffee. The human body is no less practically created. As an IOM professional you are tasked with providing protection of neural structures and functions at risk during surgery. An intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring curriculum, therefore, must include a foundation in anatomy.