cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heteroscedastic modelling via the autoregressive conditional variance subspace

The paper deals with nonparametric estimation of the conditional variance of a time series based on a nonlinear autoregressive model in the squared innovation time series, which does not require specification of a model. We introduce a notion called the autoregressive central variance subspace (ACVS) to obtain the information included in the conditional variance of time series data. We use the squared time series to identify the ACVS by a nonparametric kernel method. In addition, we simultaneously estimate the unknown dimension and lag of the ACVS by a modified information criterion. Finally, we investigate the performance of all the estimators including the ACVS through simulations and a real analysis, which suggests implementing a new dimension reduction approach to modelling time series data that exhibits volatility. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 42: 423–435; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada Resume Les auteu rs traitent de l'estimation non parametrique de la variance conditionnelle d'une serie chronologique basee sur un modele autoregressif non lineaire applique a la serie des innovations au carre et ne necessitant pas la specification d'un modele. Ils presentent la notion de sous-espace de variance centrale autoregressive (SVCA) afin d'extraire l'information contenue dans la variance conditionnelle des donnees chronologiques. Ils utilisent la serie chronologique au carre pour identifier le SVCA a l'aide d'une methode non parametrique par noyau. Les auteurs estiment simultanement la dimension inconnue et le lag du SVCA en se basant sur un critere d'information modifie. Ils etudient finalement la performance de tous les estimateurs contenant le SVCA a l'aide de simulations et d'une analyse de donnees qui suggerent l'adoption d'une nouvelle approche de reduction de la dimension pour la modelisation de series chronologiques qui exhibent de la volatilite. La revue canadienne de statistique 42: 423–435; 2014 © 2014 Societe statistique du Canada
Interleukin-1β depresses hypoxic gasping and autoresuscitation in neonatal DBA/1lacJ mice

Abstract The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been proposed to act as an important mediator between infection and apnea in neonates. In this study, respiration and the ability to survive anoxic challenge were investigated between 70 and 95 min after intraperitoneal injection of IL-1β (10 μg/kg) or NaCl in 9-day-old DBA/1lacJ mice. Using flow plethysmography, we show that mice given IL-1β exhibited a decreased tidal volume ( V T ) and minute ventilation ( V E ) during normoxia compared to control animals. Hyperoxic challenge revealed functioning peripheral chemoreceptors in all animals, suggesting a central mechanism underlying the ventilatory effects of IL-1β. In response to anoxia (100% N 2 ), all animals irrespective of treatment displayed a biphasic ventilatory pattern. Mice given IL-1β exhibited fewer gasps and were unable to sustain gasping efforts for as long as control animals. Additionally, they were less able to autoresuscitate and survive following severe hypoxic apnea. These findings indicate that infection may adversely affect central respiratory control in newborn mice via interleukin-1β.
Trypanosoma brucei: conserved sequence organization 3' to telomeric variant surface glycoprotein genes.

Abstract We have previously postulated that telomeric variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes in Trypanosoma brucei serve more frequently than intrachromosomal VSG genes as basic copies for gene conversion. To examine this further we determined the sequence for approximately 1200 nucleotides 3′ to the telomeric IsTat 1 VSG gene, expressed in early variant antigenic types, and compared this sequence with those 3′ to other VSG genes. We found that about 200 nucleotides immediately 3′ to the 1 VSG gene are homologous to sequences immediately 3′ to other telomeric VSG genes. These sequences may function in extended duplex formation 3′ to telomeric VSG genes and partially explain their more frequent gene conversion. In addition, further 3′ is a highly conserved 49 bp direct repeat, which is not transcribed into stable RNA. These sequences appear to be conserved in various T. brucei stocks, and we have therefore proposed a model which is a modification of one previously proposed (E. H. Blackburn and P. B. Challoner, (1984), Cell , 36 , 447–457; L. H. T. Van der Ploeg, A. Y. C. Liu, and P. Borst, (1984), Cell , 36 , 459–468) for the sequence organization of a trypanosome telomeric region.
DC conduction mechanisms in thin polyimide films

Abstract The current-voltage characteristics of polyimide films from 4000 A to 11,000 A thick have been studied over a temperature range from 26 °C to 100°C. Below 60°C the conduction mechanism appears to be a combination of the Schottky and the Poole-Frenkel mechanisms. Between 60°C and 100°C, the conduction appears to be ionic and can be described by the rate theory. Ionic jump distances of between 252A and 274A have been estimated.
The S-oxalin, N-acetyl-S-oxalylcysteamine, inhibits lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 production and utilization.

Abstract S-Oxalins are a recently described class of cell metabolites that appear to function as negative regulators of proliferation. Previously we have shown that exogenous S-oxalylglutathione (GS-Ox) inhibits the proliferation of lymphocytes by inhibiting the production and utilization of IL-2. In the present study the synthetic S-oxalin, N-acetyl-S-oxalylcysteamine (ACS-Ox), was utilized in similar experiments to determine whether GS-Ox itself, or possibly some metabolite formed following initial conversion of GS-Ox by γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), is responsible for the effects (ACS-Ox is not metabolized by GGT). ACS-Ox inhibited DNA synthesis in lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A similarly to GS-Ox. IL-2 production and utilization and IL-2R expression were inhibited as well. ACS-Ox also inhibited the proliferation of IL-2 dependent cells at the same concentration as GS-Ox. Because the effects of GS-Ox and ACS-Ox are so similar, presumably the S-oxalin itself, rather than some metabolite, is responsible for the observed effects. Transfer of oxalyl groups from S-oxalins to various protein thiols is the most likely mechanism involved.
The modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission by adenosine in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus is temperature dependent

We tested the possibility that extracellular adenosine concentration varies with tissue temperature by measuring the tonic adenosinergic inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission at different temperatures in the in vitro rat hippocampus. Application of the A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) enhanced population excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) by antagonizing tonic adenosinergic inhibition; this effect was greatest at 25 degrees C, and was progressively reduced at 35 and 37.5 degrees C. These results demonstrate that tonic adenosinergic inhibition is inversely related to temperature. In a second experiment, an exogenous A1 agonist, N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), was applied to slices to inhibit evoked EPSPs. CHA inhibition of EPSPs was greater at 35 than at 25 degrees C, demonstrating that the reduced adenosinergic inhibition at higher temperatures is not a result of reduced A1 receptor function.
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID-STATE EXTRUDED POLYETHYLENE.

This paper describes the properties of solid-state extruded polyethylene as a function of two primary processing variables, extrusion temperature, and area reduction. The polymer was extruded in sheet form, giving a material having an orthotropic mode of orientation. Property data are presented for melting temperature and heat of fusion; sonic modulus, yield stress, and elongation at fracture; small-angle x-ray scattering; optical absorption coefficient; and morphology for material etched by ion bombardment at liquid nitrogen temperature. Combining the present results with data previously reported in the literature, it is found that over the temperature range of about 90–120°C, where polyethylene can be successfully extruded to large area reductions, many properties of the extrudates show a surprisingly small dependence on extrusion temperature. A notable exception to this behavior is the elastic modulus, which increases significantly with increasing extrusion temperatures. In contrast to extrusion temperature, area reduction is found to have a major effect on nearly all properties of solid-state extruded polyethylene. In most cases, the form of this dependence is such that the properties change rapidly at small area reductions and much more slowly at large reductions.
Optical Guiding and electro-optic modulation in GaAs epitaxial layers

Abstract Single mode TE or TM propagation is demonstrated in an optical waveguide consisting of a high resistivity semiconductor (GaAs) layer (≈ 10 μ) which is sandwiched between a metal film and a lower resistivity semiconductor. A reverse bias applied to the metal-seminconductor Schottky barrier causes an electro-optic retardation (or, in general, phase variation) which can be used for modulation purposes. Amplitude modulation with a “half-voltage” V 1 2 = 84 volts is demonstrated at λ o = 1.15μ with a sample 2.4 mm long.
Microphotonic components for a mm-wave receiver

Abstract A new microphotonic mm -wave receiver architecture with direct electrical-to-optical conversion is presented. The receiver uses high- Q RF and microphotonic electro-optic resonator components which are operated in simultaneous resonance. Initial results demonstrating modulation of an optical carrier at RF in the mm -wave range are reported.
On Controlling the Bluff Body Wake using a Reduced-Order Model

Feedback control of fluid-structure interaction is of practical importance from the perspective of wake modification and vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) reduction. We perform a two-dimensional simulation of the flow past a circular cylinder using a parallel CFD solver. We record the velocity and pressure fields over a shedding cycle to compute the divergence-free velocity and pressure proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) modes, respectively. The Navier-Stokes equations are projected onto these POD modes to reduce the dynamical system to a set of ordinary-differential equations (ODE). The reduced-order model is then modified to apply a control strategy using a control function method. For control purposes, we place a pair of suction actuators to suppress the vortex shedding. We apply a full-state feedback control and compute appropriate gains to reduce the hydrodynamic forces acting on the cylinder.
Active Control of Selectivity of Product Formation in a Chemical Reaction: What’s New?

This paper summarizes the results of three recent analyses relevant to the theory of active control of selectivity of product formation in a chemical reaction. Two of the analyses concern fundamental aspects of the quantum dynamics of unbounded systems, while the third is concerned with an example, namely, the calculation of the optimal field for the control of the evolution of a particular molecular process (photodissociation of a diatomic molecule) and the quality of approximations to that field.
Stability and Control of Lean Blowout in Chemical Kinetics-Controlled Combustion Systems

This study is motivated by lean-blowout (LBO) detection and control in dry-low-emission (DLE) combustion systems. However, this analysis is confined to chemical kinetics-controlled combustion. Despite its simplicity, some useful insight may still be shed on near-LBO combustion systems, as the chemical reaction rates are rather low near LBO. A third-order linear well-stirred reactor (WSR) model is derived to examine a combustor's responses to small deviations from equilibrium points or small external disturbances. Numerical simulation of the normalized, nonlinear, unsteady WSR model is performed to examine a combustor's responses to large deviations from equilibrium points or large external disturbances. Eigenvalue analysis shows that, with decreasing equivalence ratio, two real negative eigenvalues will merge and bifurcate into a complex conjugate pair, and will finally cross the imaginary axis and move into the right-half-phase plane. Complex eigenvalues imply the existence of an oscillating mode for whi...
Rosuvastatin 5 and 10 mg/d: a pilot study of the effects in hypercholesterolemic adults unable to tolerate other statins and reach LDL cholesterol goals with nonstatin lipid-lowering therapies

Background: Patients with high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) might not tolerate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors ("statins") because of adverse effects (AEs) and might not respond well enough to nonstatin lipid-lowering therapies (LLTs) to meet LDL-C goals. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the acceptability, effectiveness, and safety profile of rosuvastatin 5 and 10 mg/d in consecutively referred patients with primary high LDL-C who were unable to tolerate other statins because of myalgia and, subsequently in some cases, unable to reach LDL-C goals with nonstatin LLT. Methods: This prospective, open-label pilot study was conducted in consecutively referred male and female patients aged 38 to 80 years with primary high LDL-C (mean, 177 mg/dL) at The Cholesterol Center, Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio. Patients were instructed in the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) therapeutic lifestyle changes diet. Rosuvastatin 5 mg/d was administered to patients categorized by NCEP ATP III risk stratification as moderately high risk, and rosuvastatin 10 mg/d was administered to patients categorized as high or very high risk. End points included acceptability (assessed using patient-initiated discontinuation of rosuvastatin), effectiveness (absolute and percentage reductions in LDL-C and triglycerides), and safety profile (aspartate and alanine aminotransferases [AST and ALT, respectively] >3 times the laboratory upper limit of normal [× ULN] or elevations in creatine kinase [CK] >10 × ULN). Results: A total of 61 patients were enrolled (41 women, 20 men; mean [SD] age, 60 [10] years; 5-mg/d dose, 25 patients; 10-mg/d dose, 36 patients). Myalgia, a predominant AE, had caused 50 patients to previously discontinue treatment with atorvastatin; 30, simvastatin; 19, pravastatin; 5, fluvastatin; 2, ezetimibe/simvastatin; and 1, lovastatin. Eighteen patients subsequently failed to reach LDL-C goals with nonstatin LLT(s) alone (colesevelam, 10 patients; ezetimibe, 8; niacin extended release, 2; and fenofibrate, 1). After a median treatment duration of 16 weeks, rosuvastatin 5 mg/d + diet was associated with a mean (SD) decrease from baseline in LDL-C of 75 (34) mg/dL (mean [SD] %Δ, −42% [18%]) ( P P 3 × ULN, and no CK levels were >10 × ULN. Conclusion: In these 61 hypercholesterolemic patients unable to tolerate other statins and, subsequently in some cases, unable to meet LDL-C goals while receiving nonstatin LIT monotherapy, these preliminary observations suggest that rosuvastatin at doses of 5 and 10 mg/d + diet was well tolerated, effective, and had a good safety profile.
Myxosoma cerebralis (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) Etiologic Agent of Salmonid Whirling Disease Requires Tubificid Worm (Annelida: Oligochaeta) in its Life Cycle

Studies of the life cycle of Myxosoma cerebralis showed that development of infectivity did not occur endogenously but that the spore “aging” process required participation of an aquatic tubificid oligochaete. Data suggestive of such involvement were derived from trials in which spores were “aged” in an array of inert, sterilized, pasteurized, or natural aquatic substrates and from examination of aquatic soils from trout hatcheries in which whirling disease was epizootic. The role of the aquatic oligochaete was confirmed two ways. First, signs of whirling disease developed, and M. cerebralis spores were produced in young rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) that had been fed oligochaetes harvested from pond soil taken from two hatcheries where whirling disease was epizootic. Second, when containers of pasteurized soil were populated with four genera of oligochaetes–Aeolosoma, Dero, Stylaria, or Tubifex– from a biological supply house, or with tubificid worms from trout hatcheries free of whirling disease, and then seeded with M. cerebralis spores and “aged” for 4 months, whirling disease occurred only in trout held with Tubifex and with hatchery tubificids.
U.S.—Soviet Command Reciprocity: Interdependence Of Survivable Leadership

U.S. and Soviet strategic command, control, and communications are "survivably interdependent." Neither country can credibly deter nor plausibly fight wars involving the threat or use of nuclear forces without observing "rules of the road" about C3. These rules include clarification of their intentions during a crisis; exchange of information and persons to preserve crisis stability; and tacit agreement about not attacking the "brain" or "central nervous systems" of the opponent early in war.Command reciprocity does not automatically guarantee equal superpower awareness of that fact, or equivalent willingness to incorporate it into U.S. and USSR military doctrine. Thus, U.S. forces and C must be planned with the recognition that command reciprocity may not withstand the early phases of war. The impact of proposed new technologies such as the Strategic Defense Initiative on U.S.-Soviet strategic command reciprocity is also acknowledged, although the details are not now foreseeable. Command reciprocity will...
Estimation of groundwater pumping as closure to the water balance of a semi-arid, irrigated agricultural basin

Groundwater pumping is frequently the least measured water balance component in semi-arid basins with significant agricultural production. In this article, we develop a GIS-based water balance model for estimating basin-scale monthly and annual groundwater pumping and apply it to a 2300 km2 semi-arid, irrigated agricultural area in the southern San Joaquin Valley, California. Both, annual groundwater storage changes and pumping are estimated as closure terms. The local hydrology is dominated by distributed surface water supplies, limited precipitation, and large crop water uses; whereas basin-scale runoff generation and groundwater-to-surface water discharges are negligible. Groundwater represents a terminal long-term storage reservoir with distributed inputs and outputs. To capture the spatio-temporal variability in water management and water use, the study area is delineated into 26 water service areas and 9611 individual fields or land units. The model computes conveyance seepage losses external to districts; seepage losses within districts; and net applied surface water of each district. For each land unit, the model calculates the applied water demand; its allotment of delivered surface water; the groundwater pumping required to meet the balance of its applied water demand; and aquifer recharge resulting from deep percolation of applied water and precipitation. These spatially distributed components are aggregated to the basin scale. Estimated annual groundwater storage changes compared well to those computed by the water-table fluctuation method over the 30-year study period, providing an independent verification of the consumptive use estimation. Pumping accounted for as much as 80% of the total applied water in ‘Critical’ water years and as little as 30% in ‘Wet’ years. Pumping estimates are most sensitive to estimation uncertainty of soil available water. They show little sensitivity to estimation errors in effective root depth, irrigation efficiencies, and intra-district seepage losses, although the cumulative sensitivity is significant.
Synthesis of two sequential polypeptides by dispersion in benzene and their circular dichroism spectra in aqueous solution: Poly(L-glu-L-lys-L-ala-gly) and poly(L-ala-D-glu-L-lys-D-ala-gly).

The monomers γ-benzylglutamyl-e-benzyloxycarbonyl-lysylalanylglycine pentachlorophenyl ester and alanyl-γ-benzyl-D-glutamyl-e-benzyloxycarbonyllysyl-D-alanyl-glycine pentachlorophenyl ester, were polymerized in dilute solutions of dimethylform-amide (DMF) or as dispersions in the same volume of benzene. After deprotection with hydrogen bromide, the products were either chromatographed on Sephadex G-50 or dialyzed. The polymers derived from the polymerization in benzene were considerably larger than those from DMF. The results in benzene indicated that high monomer to solvent ratios are not necessary for the production of high-molecular-weight sequential polypeptides. Circular dichroism spectra of the polymers and monomers at neutral and acid pH indicated that poly(L-Glu-L-Lys-L-Ala-Gly) exists in a random coil configuration and poly(L-Ala-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-Gly) exists in a β conformation.
Feedback‐seeking and depression in survivors of domestic violence

Background: Not surprisingly, women in violent relationships often experience symptoms of depression. Although most people desire praise and positive feedback, individuals who are depressed often seek either negative or"even-handed"self-relevant information. The relative lack of positive feedback-seeking exhibited by depressed individuals may have implications for understanding the difficulty that survivors of domestic violence have leaving and remaining apart from abusive partners. Methods: This study was designed to assess the relative preference for self-relevant information in two groups of women: women who experienced domestic violence (DV group) and women who did not have these experiences (no-DV group). Results and Conclusions: The DV group (n=30), relative to the no-DV group (n= 28), desired less positive (or relatively more negative) feedback. Further, depression mediated the relationship between DV and seeking less positive feedback. Motivational and cognitive explanations for this pattern of results are discussed.Â Language: en
Uterine Estrogen Receptor Interaction with Estrogen-Responsive DNA Sequences in Vitro: Effects of Ligand Binding on Receptor-DNA Complexes

Interaction between the mouse estrogen receptor (ER) and its responsive element (ERE) were examined in vitro using tissue extracts and an oligonucleotide containing a Vitellogenin A2 ERE (VRE) in a gel retardation assay. Three specific complexes were formed when nuclear extracts were prepared from estrogen agonist-treated uteri or when ligandfree ER from cytosol was used. ER protein was associated with the three complexes, as demonstrated by their ability to bind anti-ER antibody H222. Specific complexes were formed only when double stranded nonheat-denatured VRE was used. Mutation of the ERE in VRE abolished specific binding. The complexes formed by nuclear extracts were qualitatively identical when obtained from mice treated with a variety of estrogenic compounds with different potencies. Nuclear extracts obtained from mice treated with an estrogen antagonist LY117018 formed complexes that migrated slower than the complexes formed by the other estrogenic compounds examined. The dissociation rates (k−1) ...
An Overview of Research using the Time-budget Methodology to study Age-related Behaviour*

This article reviews the growing usage of time-budget methodology, until recently seldom applied to older people. Initial studies have demonstrated that it can be employed both for the young-old and the old-old. Wider utilisation seems to have been impeded by difficulty in operationalising the definitions of such key concepts as ‘time’ and ‘leisure’, ‘discretionary’ and ‘obligatory’ activities. Advances in modern computer technology have facilitated the handling of masses of data of the kind produced by studies such as the 12-nation project led by Szalai (N = 30,000). A recent study of four Philadelphia subgroups by Lawton and Moss (N = 535) was successful in introducing a qualitative dimension of ‘liking’, which opens the door to utilising this approach for arriving at more sophisticated measures of psychological wellbeing.
Imaging of spinal stenosis

Imaging has an important role in the diagnosis of canal and neuroforaminal stenosis when correlated with clinical symptoms. MR and CT myelography have the best correlation because of multiplanar reformatting. Special techniques to load the spine such as an upright MR increase sensitivity in detecting canal stenosis.
MATING AND OTHER BEHAVIOR OF DOMESTIC GEESE

Abstract Goose mating behavior consisted of enticing, exciting, mounting, treading, copulating, recovering and after-displaying. Its frequency indicated that ganders might mount and ejaculate a minimum of five times daily. It was defined and described how geese preen, dry-wash, bucket-wash, fluff, dust, spread and flap wings, tail wag, wing and leg stretch, rest-stand, rest-lie, curiosity-peck, aggressive-peck, mouth-wash, water, bottom feed, drink and eat. Geese used much more water for grooming than drinking and fouled it rapidly by mouth-washing. Some vocalizations and aspects of breathing are also described.
Tools of the trade: theory and method in mindfulness neuroscience

Mindfulness neuroscience is an emerging research field that investigates the underlying mechanisms of different mindfulness practices, different stages and different states of practice as well as different effects of practice over the lifespan. Mindfulness neuroscience research integrates theory and methods from eastern contemplative traditions, western psychology and neuroscience, and from neuroimaging techniques, physiological measures and behavioral tests. We here review several key theoretical and methodological challenges in the empirical study of mindfulness neuroscience and provide suggestions for overcoming these challenges.
Connection between quark-model eigenstates and low-energy scattering

We propose a new method of analyzing low-energy hadron-hadron scattering designed to reveal internal quark-gluon eigenstates. Our method is a modification of the Wigner-Eisenbud formalism suited to the case of confining boundary conditions. We have identified a matrix function of the energy (which we call $P$) whose poles and residues correspond to the masses and channel projections of quark-gluon eigenstates calculated with spherical bag boundary conditions. To illustrate the formalism we apply it to the low-energy $S$-wave scattering of pseudoscalar mesons. We find from the data clear evidence of internal states corresponding to quark-model predictions of ${Q}^{2}{\overline{Q}}^{2}$ states at 0.69 and 1.04 GeV in the $I=0$ channel, at 0.96 GeV in the $I=\frac{1}{2}$ channel, at 1.19 GeV in the $I=\frac{3}{2}$ channel, and at 1.04 GeV in the $I=2$ channel. We believe the $I=\frac{3}{2} \mathrm{and} 2$ internal states to be the low-energy exotics long predicted by quark models.
Combining spatial and semantic label analysis

In this paper we demonstrate how these two approaches can be combined. We have formalized a combined reasoning system and have implemented a corresponding prototype system. We have evaluated the system on the EUSES spreadsheet corpus. The evaluation has demonstrated that adding a syntactic, spatial analysis to a dimension inference can significantly improve the rate of detected errors.
The acute effects of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty on breathing during sleep in sleep apnea patients.

Summary: Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is frequently employed in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Despite anecdotal reports of early post-UPPP deaths and the recommendation by some authors to perform a pro­ phylactic tracheotomy for selected patients at the time of UPPP, there has been no systematic examination of breathing during sleep in the early post­ UPPP period. In order to evaluate the early postoperative risk and the need for prophylactic tracheotomy in UPPP patients, we conducted polysomnograms (PSGs) on eight obese OSA patients on the second post-UPPP night and on another obese OSA patient on the fifth night after surgery. Postoperatively during wakefulness there was a significant increase in the alveolar-arterial ox­ ygen gradient (p < 0.05); in three individuals, the Pao2 was sufficiently re­ duced to warrant supplemental oxygen. For the group of nine patients there were no differences between the pre- and post-UPPP apnea index (AI), hy­ popnea index (HI), or apnea plus hypopnea index during non-rapid eye move­ ment sleep. In individual patients, the pattern of sleep-disordered breathing events was variably altered, but there was a reciprocal relationship between the changes in AI and HI (r = 0.75; p < 0.02). The duration of apnea in non-rapid eye movement sleep was shorter in four patients and unchanged in five patients postoperatively. Although the mean nadir of hemoglobin satura­ tion was unchanged before and after UPPP, one patient desaturated to dramati­ cally low levels in association with several excessively prolonged apneas post­ UPPP. Desaturation was probablY minimized in the three patients receiving supplemental oxygen. There were no serious adverse effects resulting directly from sleep-disordered breathing or nocturnal hemoglobin oxygen de saturation following UPPP. Our data suggest that performing a tracheotomy in a nonse­ lective fashion in OSA patients undergoing UPPP is not warranted. In lieu of this, these individuals should be carefully monitored following surgery. In ad­ dition, patients with severe OSA and/or moderate-to-severe nocturnal hemo­ globin oxygen de saturation should be considered for early postoperative PSGs as should those individuals who are more hypoxemic while awake following surgery. Patients who require supplemental oxygen postoperatively should also be studied to ensure adequate oxygenation and to monitor for acute, ox
Epr Study of Free Radicals in Pmma Bone Cement: A Feasibility Study

In order to determine the feasibility of using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to monitor the molecular processes occurring in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, a preliminary study has been conducted on the bone cement In vitro.It has been found that a sufficient concentration of free radicals is generated in the bone cement during the polymerization process so that both the polymerization and the curing can be monitored by EPR. The results of these measurements on both radiolucent and radiopaque Surgical SimplexR P bone cement are presented.It has also been found that free radicals are present in the radiopaque bone cement powder as received from the manufacturer. These radicals which apparently are produced in the radiation sterilization process have been found to be unaffected by the polymerization/curing process and to be stable for temperatures below about 100°C.It has clearly been shown that EPR can be used to monitor the molecular processes of bone cement in vitro. It is hoped that t...
Biological response to climate change in the Arctic Ocean: the view from the past

The Arctic Ocean is undergoing rapid climatic changes including higher ocean temperatures, reduced sea ice, glacier and Greenland Ice Sheet melting, greater marine productivity, and altered carbon cycling. Until recently, the relationship between climate and Arctic biological systems was poorly known, but this has changed substantially as advances in paleoclimatology, micropaleontology, vertebrate paleontology, and molecular genetics show that Arctic ecosystem history reflects global and regional climatic changes over all timescales and climate states (103–107 years). Arctic climatic extremes include 25 °C hyperthermal periods during the Paleocene-Eocene (56–46 million years ago, Ma), Quaternary glacial periods when thick ice shelves and sea ice cover rendered the Arctic Ocean nearly uninhabitable, seasonally sea-ice-free interglacials and abrupt climate reversals. Climate-driven biological impacts included large changes in species diversity, primary productivity, species’ geographic range shifts into and out of the Arctic, community restructuring, and possible hybridization, but evidence is not sufficient to determine whether or when major episodes of extinction occurred.
POLITICS, THEORY, AND REALITY IN CRITICAL PEDAGOGY

Critical pedagogy generally seeks to expose how relations of power and inequality, (social, cultural, economic) in their myriad forms, combinations, and complexities, are manifest and challenged in the formal and informal education of children and adults (Giroux, 1997; McCarthy & Apple, 1988; McLaren, 2005). However, this may actually be too general a statement, for the term “critical pedagogy” is something of a sliding signifi er that has been used in multiple ways to describe multiple things. Indeed, at times critical pedagogy seems to have been used in such broad ways that it can mean almost anything from cooperative classrooms with somewhat more political content to a more robust defi nition that involves a thorough-going reconstruction of what education is for, how it should be carried out, what we should teach, and who should be empowered to engage in it. This more robust understanding – one in which the two of us are grounded – involves fundamental transformations of the underlying epistemological and ideological assumptions that are made about what counts as “offi cial” or legitimate knowledge and who holds it (Apple, 1979/2004, 2000). This involves a commitment toward social transformation and a break with the comforting illusions that the ways in which our societies and their educational apparatuses are organized currently can lead to social justice. A more robust understanding of critical pedagogy is also based increasingly in a realization of the importance of multiple dynamics underpinning the relations of exploitation and domination in our societies. Issues surrounding the politics of redistribution (exploitative economic processes and dynamics) and the politics of recognition (cultural struggles against domination and struggles over identity), hence, need to be jointly considered (Fraser, 1997). At the very root of these concerns is a simple principle. In order to understand and act on education in its complicated connections to the larger society, we must engage in the process of repositioning. That is, we must see the world through the eyes of the dispossessed and act against the ideological and institutional processes and forms that reproduce oppressive conditions (Apple, 1995). This repositioning concerns both political and cultural practices that embody the principles of critical pedagogy; but it also has generated a large body of critical scholarship and theory that has led to a fundamental
Comparison of Gut Contents of Adult Western and Northern Cora Rootworms in Northeast Nebraska

Tests were made to determine if apparent feeding differences observed in the field between adult western corn rootworms (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, and northern corn rootworms (NCR), D. longicornis (Say), actually exist. Beetles were collected from corn plants and weeds in northeast Nebraska cornfields, and the gut contents examined and identified. Several significant feeding differences were demonstrated between species and between sexes within species: gut contents contained different proportions of corn leaf tissue, corn pollen, corn silks, weed pollen, fungal spores, and gregarine sporonts. The NCR fed more extensively on pollens of other plants in addition to corn than did the WCR. A higher percentage of WCR contained gregarine sporonts than did the NCR and more males of each species contained sporonts than did females. Gut contents indicate that males are more mobile within a field than females.
PATTERNS OF GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN KARYOTYPE IN THE POCKET GOPHER, THOMOMYS BOTTAE (EYDOUX AND GERVAIS).

Variation in the chromosome complement resulting from both Robertsonian and non-Robertsonian mechanisms has been described for numerous mammalian taxa. In most cases such analyses have been restricted to levels at or above that of the species. Little attention has been paid to detailed variation within and between populations over the geographic range of any particular species even in cases where detailed geographical studies have been made. It is at this level, however, that an understanding of the role chromosomal changes play in evolutionary divergence will best be achieved. The pioneering work of Matthey (1966, and elsewhere) on the African murid genus, Mus (Leggada) indicates both the importance and the potential of the population approach to an understanding of chromosomal divergence. The real challenge to the investigator in this field is the elucidation of the precise selective bases which regulate interand intra-population variation rather than the continued cataloguing of examples of taxa displaying chromosomal variation of one sort or another. Unfortunately mammalian species are not blessed with short generation times nor are most species suitable for controlled laboratory breeding and experimentation. Inferences regarding the adaptive significance of chromosomal changes within such species must come, therefore, from correlations between the observed type and geographical extent of the variants and extrinsic (e.g., environmental and historical) and/or intrinsic (e.g., genetic) parameters determining the habitus of the forms in question. The most karyotypically diverse group of mammals so far discovered are the pocket gophers of the genus Thomomys. Within this genus, one species, T. bottae (Eydoux and Gervais), is known to display a greater degree of chromosomal variability than any other mammal. This animal ranges in distribution from coastal California to the front range of the Rocky Mountains, and from southern Oregon to northern Sinaloa in Mexico (Hall and Kelson, 1959; Anderson, 1966). Populations from approximately one-half of the total range have been karyotyped and more than 40 separate karyotypes have been recognized (Patton and Dingman, 1970; Patton, 1970; Berry and Baker, 1971). Moreover, and of fundamental importance to an understanding of the patterns and mechanisms of chromosomal evolution in the species, detailed information is available on specific biological attributes of gophers, including life history, habitat preferences, distribution patterns, physiology, functional morphology, and limited information on paleontological history. The present paper is thus an attempt to interrelate these aspects of the biology of gophers with the causative agents and resulting patterns of geographic variation in karyotype in T. bottae.
The Study of Acrylic Resin as the Binder of Super-thin Fire Retardant Coatings for Steel Structures

Using acrylic resin as the binder,P-C-N intumescence system and nanometer magnesium hydroxide as fire retardant,super-thin fire retardant coatings for steel structures was prepared and its performance was studied.Acrylic resin was synthesized.Influences of the amount of initiator and solvent and the time of drop monomer on fire-retardant performance of acrylic resin were studied.The optimum condition of synthesizing acrylic resin is that 1.3 g initiator and 65 g solvent,120 min drop monomer.The effect of nanometer magnesium hydroxide was researched.IR spectrum researched the structure of acrylic resin.XRD was used to research the microstructure of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticals,and TGA-DTA curve was used to investigate the thermal stability of super-thin fire retardant coatings for steel structures.Under the thickness reaching 1.30 mm,it is found that the limit of endurance fire gets to 106 min.
Heritable congenital tibiofemoral subluxation. Clinical features and surgical treatment.

1. Five patients with bilateral congenital tibiofemoral subluxations have been reported. 2. All had heritable syndromes and associated spinal defects. 3. These tibiofemoral subluxations differ from congenitally hyperextended knees with subluxation. In none of these knees was there limitation of motion. Anterior tibial subluxation occurred with active extension and reduction resulted spontaneously with flexion. 4. With extension, the thickened iliotibial band and hypertrophied biceps femoris muscle in these patients shifted anteriorly and became knee extensors due to their change in mechanical alignment. 5. Surgical release of iliotibial band and intermuscular septum with proximal transfer of the biceps femoris insertion to the vastus lateralis removed the deforming force and significantly improved these knees by eliminating the unusual subluxation.
Transrectal Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Patients with Prostatic Carcinoma

AbstractThere were 53 patients with biopsy-proved prostatic carcinoma evaluated by the usual modalities, in addition to ultrasonography. Of this group 23 patients underwent radical prostatectomy and ultrasonography was helpful in assessing tumor involvement around the seminal vesicles. Tumor response to hormonal therapy was detectable readily with ultrasonic imaging but tumor reactivation was not apparent consistently.
Cybersickness without the wobble: Experimental results speak against postural instability theory

Abstract It has been suggested that postural instability is necessary for cybersickness to occur. Seated and standing subjects used a head-mounted display to view a virtual tunnel that rotated about their line of sight. We found that the offset direction of perceived vertical settings matched the direction of the tunnel’s rotation, so replicating earlier findings. Increasing rotation speed caused cybersickness to increase, but had no significant impact on perceived vertical settings. Postural sway during rotation was similar to postural sway during rest. While a minority of subjects exhibited postural sway in response to the onset of tunnel rotation, the majority did not. Furthermore, cybersickness increased with rotation speed similarly for the seated and standing conditions. Finally, subjects with greater levels of cybersickness exhibited less variation in postural sway. These results lead us to conclude that the link between postural instability and cybersickness is a weak one in the present experiment.
XD (exchange-deliver): #a middleware for developing device-to-device mobile applications

In this demonstration, we showcase the XD middleware, a framework for expressive multiplexing of application communication streams onto underlying device-to-device communication links. XD allows applications to remain agnostic about which low-level networking stack is actually delivering messages and instead focus on the application-level content and delivery parameters. The IoT space has been flooded with new communication technologies (e.g., BLE, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN) to add to those already available on modern mobile devices (e.g., BLE, WiFi-Direct), substantially increasing the barrier to entry for developing innovative IoT applications. XD presents application developers with a simple publish-subscribe API for sending and receiving data streams, unburdening them from the task of selecting and coordinating communication channels. Our demonstration shows two Android applications, Disseminate and Prophet, running using our XD middleware for communication. We implemented BLE, WiFi Direct with TCP, and WiFi Direct with UDP communication stacks underneath XD.
Effects of Calcium Antagonistic Drugs on Various Heart Tissues, Including Blockade of the Slow Channels and Depression of Postdrive Hyperpolarization.

The force of contraction of the heart muscle is regulated by the Ca++ ions that enter the myocardial cell during excitation (Fabiato & Fabiato, 1979). The Ca++ influx occurs through the voltage-dependent and time-dependent slow channels of the cell membrane, and can be inhibited by specific blockers. These inhibitors can be inorganic ions,like Mn++ and La+++, or organic compounds like verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem, and bepridil (Kohlhardt et al., 1972; Shigenobu et al., 1974; Kohlhardt and Fleckenstein, 1977; Vogel et al., 1979; Sperelakis, 1981). These drugs are called calcium antagonists or “calcium entry blockers” because of their ability to block the slow inward current in myocardial cells and in vascular smooth muscle. Since some of these drugs, like verapamil, methoxy-verapamil (D600), and nifedipine also block the slow Na+ channels of young embryonic chick hearts, these drugs are more accurately described as “slow channel blockers” (Shigenobu et al., 1974; Lee & Tsien, 1983; Kojima & Sperelakis, 1983).
Antibiotic-Associated Encephalopathy: A Comprehensive Review of 391 Reported Cases (P3.383)

Objective: To review clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological features of antibiotic-associated encephalopathy (AAE). Background: Antibiotics are an under-recognized cause of delirium because the clinical features of AAE have not been fully characterized. Methods: We searched PubMed using search terms for antibiotics and “encephalopathy,” “confusion,” “delirium,” “seizure,” “neuropathy,” “neurotoxicity,” “mania,” “hallucination,” or “psychosis” from beginning of indexing to October, 2013. We included case reports/series describing patients with altered cognition with antibiotic administration and improvement after cessation. Clinical phenotypes, medical comorbidities, neuroimaging, and EEG findings for individual patients were extracted. Results: We retrieved 292 articles describing 391 patients (54[percnt] male, median 54 years old). Among antibiotic classes, AAE was most commonly reported for penicillins (72 cases), cephalosporins (69), anti-mycobacterials (65), quinolones (63), macrolides (54), and metronidazole (29). AAE was apparent within median of 5 days for all antibiotics except metronidazole and isoniazid (median 19 and 21 days respectively) and resolved within median of 5 days for all except metronidazole (median 13 days). Psychosis was most common with sulfonamides (68[percnt]), quinolones (67[percnt]), and macrolides (63[percnt]), but infrequent with cephalosporins (13[percnt]) and metronidazole (24[percnt]). Seizures accompanying encephalopathy were most frequent with penicillin (38[percnt]) and cephalosporins (35[percnt]; 54[percnt] of these nonconvulsive) and occurred in <10[percnt] with others. Cerebellar dysfunction was common with metronidazole (48[percnt]) and infrequent with others. Abnormal MRI was only observed with metronidazole. EEG abnormalities were commonly epileptiform with cephalosporins (55[percnt]) and generally non-specific in others. Renal insufficiency was most frequent with cephalosporins (72[percnt]), but present in <25[percnt] for other classes. Conclusions: We propose three clinical phenotypes of AAE: Type I (cephalosporins and penicillin): onset within days commonly accompanied by seizures and epileptiform EEG. Type II (sulfonamides, quinolones, and macrolides): onset within days, commonly accompanied by psychosis, infrequent seizures. Type III (metronidazole): onset after weeks with cerebellar dysfunction and abnormal MRI. Disclosure: Dr. Bhattacharyya has received personal compensation for activities with Audio Digest as a lecturer. Dr. Darby has nothing to disclose. Dr. Raibagkar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gonzalez Castro has nothing to disclose. Dr. Berkowitz has received royalty payments from Clinical Pathophysiology Made Ridiculously Simple and The Improvising Mind.