cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The sorption of lead on anion exchange resin from nitric acid-isopropyl alcohol-water mixtures☆

Abstract The formation of lead-nitrate complexes in HNO3-water-isopropyl alcohol solutions was studied by the polarographic method. Successive formation constants for the first and second complexes in 25, 80 and 90 per cent isopropyl alcohol solutions were found to be 1·0 (μ = 1·5), 14 (μ = 1·5), 154 (μ = 1·0), respectively. Using data from the polarographic study, it was possible to correlate the distribution coefficient of lead with the mole fraction alcohol using the relation log D = −δ F / RT + log { β 2 ( NO 3 − ) 2 [1 + β 1 ( NO 3 − ) 2 ]}; . The free energy change for the transfer of the neutral complex from the solution phase to the resin phase, −ΔF, should vary linearly with the mole fraction alcohol in solution. This was confirmed by the linear relationship of log D vs. nalcohol and log { β 2 ( NO 3 − ) 2 [1 + β 1 ( NO 3 − ) 2 ]}; vs. nalcohol.
Uniform second-order solution for supersonic flow over delta wing using reverse-flow integral method

Abstract : The problem of supersonic flow over an inclined flatplate delta wing with supersonic edges is solved to second order in incidence. This solution for surface pressure is uniform and fully analytic. The approach utilizes a reverse-flow integral method previously developed for secondorder problems. This method is augmented by a number of techniques appropriate to its framework. The simplification over standard techniques acgieved by using these reverse-flow methods is quite substantial and makes the problem tractible. Reverse-flow procedures give a volume-surface integral relation that connects the second-order forward flow over the body of interest with the linearized reverse-flow over a related body. A singular integral equation is generated from the integral relation by introducing the edge sweep of the reverse-flow wing as a free parameter. An inversion is available which gives the second-order solution on the surface of the wing. The solution is then made uniformly valid using techniques previously developed. (Author)
Neuropeptide Y administered into cerebral ventricles stimulates sucrose ingestion in the near-term ovine fetus.

Abstract Objective In adults, nutrient intake is controlled by opposing actions of appetite stimulants (eg, neuropeptide Y [NPY]) and suppressors (eg, leptin). Because NPY may exert a preferential role in mediating adult carbohydrate intake, we sought to determine the effect of central NPY on near-term fetal carbohydrate ingestion. Study design Five pregnant ewes and fetuses were prepared with fetal vascular, sublingual, and intracerebroventricular catheters, electrocorticogram, and esophageal electromyogram electrodes and studied at 131±2 days' gestation. After a 2-hour baseline period, 10% sucrose was infused sublingually for the duration of the study. At 4 hours' time, NPY was injected into the fetal cerebral ventricles and fetal swallowing monitored for an additional 6 hours. Results During the basal period, mean (±SEM) swallowing averaged 0.8±0.1 swallows per minute. Fetal swallowing increased significantly in response to sublingual sucrose (1.3±0.1 swallows/min, P =.001), and further significantly increased at 4 to 6 hours after NPY injection into the cerebral ventricles (1.8±0.3, P =.001). Conclusion These results indicate central NPY stimulation of fetal ingestion beyond that resulting from sublingual 10% sucrose. The in utero development of NPY-induced ingestive behavior may be in preparation for high neonatal caloric intake.
Economic Context and Pigeons' Risk-Taking: An Integrative Approach

Abstract The present work tested pigeons’ ( Columba livia ) risk sensitivity to changes in resource availability in the concurrent-chains choice procedure. Subjects were provided choices, generally between variable-ratio (VR) and fixed-ratio (FR) outcome schedules with equal or different mean values. Predictions from ecology’s risk sensitivity, behavioral economic’s rate maximization, and psychology’s delay-reduction theory were contrasted under settings where budget was adversely affected by one of three manipulations in seven experiments: (1) session length was dramatically reduced; (2) choice-phase duration was substantially increased by increasing the response requirements in the choice phase, or (3) outcome duration was significantly increased by increasing the response requirements in the outcome phase while holding session length constant. Although preference measures were sensitive to every budget manipulation, the nature of the changes observed were dependent upon the manner in which resource availability was manipulated and the choice alternatives offered. For example, choice was affected in an opposite manner when budget was adversely altered by lengthening choice duration (“search time”) as opposed to lengthening outcome duration (“handling time”). Findings revealed partial support for pigeons’ sensitivity both to changes in budget and to changes in conditioned reinforcer value. The overall pattern of results thus favors an integrative approach to describing the effect of economic context on general risk sensitivity.
The Molecular Basis of Peanut Allergy

Peanut allergens can trigger a potent and sometimes dangerous immune response in an increasing number of people. The molecular structures of these allergens form the basis for understanding this response. This review describes the currently known peanut allergen structures and discusses how modifications both enzymatic and non-enzymatic affect digestion, innate immune recognition, and IgE interactions. The allergen structures help explain cross-reactivity among allergens from different sources, which is useful in improving patient diagnostics. Surprisingly, it was recently noted that similar short peptide sequences among unrelated peanut allergens could also be a source of cross-reactivity. The molecular features of peanut allergens continue to inform predictions and provide new research directions in the study of allergic disease.
MCL-1 expression in B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas

B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are known to express BCL-2 family proteins, of which the myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) protein is a member. MCL-1 is involved in viability and immortalization of normal and neoplastic B cells, and expression is regulated transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally, resulting in an anti-apoptotic (full length) or a pro-apoptotic (short isoform) gene product. In this study, we assessed 151 B-cell lymphomas for MCL-1 expression and analyzed for expression of the full-length and short isoforms of MCL-1 in B-cell lymphoma cell lines. By using immunohistochemistry, a subset of neoplasms in 9 lymphoma types studied expressed MCL-1, but expression was more frequent and intense in high-grade (43 of 49, 88%) compared with low-grade (34 of 92, 37%) lymphomas (P < 0.0001). In follicular lymphomas, MCL-1 expression positively correlated with increasing grade; 1 (14%) of eight grade 1, 7 (70%) of ten grade 2, and all 9 (100%) grade 3 were positive (P < 0.0008). All plasma cell myeloma cases assessed were also MCL-1 positive. By using Western blot analysis, 6 of 7 high-grade B-cell lymphoma cell lines showed predominant expression of full-length MCL-1, compared with no or weak expression of the short isoform. One myeloma and 1 of 2 mantle cell lymphoma cell lines also tested showed only full-length isoform expression. Our data suggest that MCL-1 is frequently expressed in high-grade B-cell lymphomas and plasma cell myeloma, most likely in its full-length isoform that is an active anti-apoptotic gene product. MCL-1 expression also correlates with grade and may contribute to transformation in follicular lymphomas.
Humans in the traceability loop: can't live with 'em, can't live without 'em

The human analyst is required as an active participant in the trace-ability process. Work to date has focused on automated methods that generate traceability information. There is a need for study of what the analysts do with traceability information as well as a study of how they make decisions.
Analysis of mutations in the Tk gene of Tk(+/-) mice treated as neonates with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT).

Abstract Mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is reduced by perinatal treatment with the antiretroviral nucleoside analogue 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine). AZT, however, is genotoxic and carcinogenic in mice when administered either transplacentally or neonatally, suggesting a possible cancer risk for children later in life. In a previous study [Carcinogenesis 23 (2002) 1427–1432] we found that treating B6C3F1/Tk+/− mice on postnatal days 1 through 8 with intraperitoneal injections of 200 mg AZT per kg body weight per day significantly increased spleen lymphocyte mutant frequencies in the autosomal Tk gene. Allele-specific PCR of Tk mutants from treated mice indicated that 61% had lost the Tk+ allele (loss of heterozygosity; LOH), compared with 35% of Tk mutants from control mice, a difference that was significant. In the present study, Tk mutant lymphocyte clones were analyzed further using polymorphic microsatellite markers that flank the Tk gene along the length of mouse chromosome 11. The analysis indicated that allele-loss mutations in control mice were due to either total chromosome loss, mitotic recombination, or both. The pattern of marker loss in mutants from AZT-treated mice differed significantly from the control mice and was consistent with chromosome loss, mitotic recombination, interstitial deletion, gene conversion, and an unusual discontinuous LOH. The results indicate that AZT induced a unique pattern of mutations in the Tk gene of mice and that the major mechanisms of mutation by AZT involved deletion and recombination.
Subunit-dependent modulation of septin assembly: Budding yeast septin Shs1 promotes ring and gauze formation

Septins are conserved guanosine triphosphate–binding cytoskeletal proteins involved in membrane remodeling. In budding yeast, five mitotic septins (Cdc3, Cdc10, Cdc11, Cdc12, and Shs1), which are essential for cytokinesis, transition during bud growth from a patch to a collar, which splits into two rings in cytokinesis and is disassembled before the next cell cycle. Cdc3, Cdc10, Cdc11, and Cdc12 form an apolar octameric rod with Cdc11 at each tip, which polymerizes into straight paired filaments. We show that Shs1 substitutes for Cdc11, resulting in octameric rods that do not polymerize into filaments but associate laterally, forming curved bundles that close into rings. In vivo, half of shs1Δ mutant cells exhibit incomplete collars and disrupted neck filaments. Importantly, different phosphomimetic mutations in Shs1 can either prevent ring formation or promote formation of a gauzelike meshwork. These results show that a single alternative terminal subunit is sufficient to confer a distinctive higher-order septin ultrastructure that can be further regulated by phosphorylation.
Adaptive Counseling and Therapy An Integrative, Eclectic Model

This article presents an integrative model for selecting a progression of therapist styles as clients move through developmental stages during the course of counseling and psychotherapy. The model, Adaptive Counseling and Therapy (ACT), suggests an eclectic approach to the utilization of techniques in therapy. The ACT approach is compared and contrasted with other integrative models that suggest an eclectic practice of therapy, with both similarities and divergent recommendations being noted. ACT is intended to be useful to practitioners in case conceptualization and in the application of effective treatment planning. The assessment instruments required to operationalize the central constructs of ACT theory are presented and described, and data on both the instruments' psychometric adequacy and the relationship of ACT constructs to therapy outcome are reviewed. Finally, the ways in which ACT can serve as a rich heuristic device for counseling practice, research, and supervision are delineated.
Voyagers and voyeurs: supporting asynchronous collaborative information visualization

This paper describes mechanisms for asynchronous collaboration in the context of information visualization, recasting visualizations as not just analytic tools, but social spaces. We contribute the design and implementation of sense.us, a web site supporting asynchronous collaboration across a variety of visualization types. The site supports view sharing, discussion, graphical annotation, and social navigation and includes novel interaction elements. We report the results of user studies of the system, observing emergent patterns of social data analysis, including cycles of observation and hypothesis, and the complementary roles of social navigation and data-driven exploration.
Self-Regulated Learning in Younger and Older Adults: Does Aging Affect Metacognitive Control?

Two experiments examined whether younger and older adults' self-regulated study (item selection and study time) conformed to the region of proximal learning (RPL) model when studying normatively easy, medium, and difficult vocabulary pairs. Experiment 2 manipulated the value of recalling different pairs and provided learning goals for words recalled and points earned. Younger and older adults in both experiments selected items for study in an easy-to-difficult order, indicating the RPL model applies to older adults' self-regulated study. Individuals allocated more time to difficult items, but prioritized easier items when given less time or point values favoring difficult items. Older adults studied more items for longer but realized lower recall than did younger adults. Older adults' lower memory self-efficacy and perceived control correlated with their greater item restudy and avoidance of difficult items with high point values. Results are discussed in terms of RPL and agenda-based regulation models.
Survival, growth and pathogenicity of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis with different methods of long-term storage.

The fungal plant pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. graminis was preserved with 12 different storage methods. Five strains, each with unique morphological and pathological characteristics, were used for comparison of the methods. The storage treatments included potato-dextrose agar slants, with or without mineral oil, stored at either 4 C, 28 C or ambient temperature; colonized agar plugs placed in glycerol solution at either −75 C or −20 C; colonized agar plugs placed in sterile deionized water at either 4 C or ambient temperature; and mycelial growth on intact or precut pieces of filter paper, desiccated and stored at ambient temperature. Survival was evaluated at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 120 mo. The three best treatments for survival were PDA slants, with or without mineral oil, and colonized agar plugs stored in water, all at ambient temperature. All five fungal strains were recovered from all four replicates at each sampling date for agar plugs stored in water at ambient temperature. The worst treatm...
Characteristics of Candida albicans Biofilms Grown in a Synthetic Urine Medium

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common type of nosocomial infection, and Candida albicans is the most frequent organism causing fungal UTIs. Presence of an indwelling urinary catheter represents a significant risk factor for UTIs. Furthermore, these infections are frequently associated with the formation of biofilms on the surface of these catheters. Here, we describe the characterization of C. albicans biofilms formed in vitro using synthetic urine (SU) medium and the frequently used RPMI medium and compare the results. Biofilms of C. albicans strain SC5314 were formed in 96-well microtiter plates and on silicon elastomer pieces using both SU and RPMI media. Biofilm formation was monitored by microscopy and a colorimetric XTT [2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] reduction assay. As in biofilms grown in RPMI medium, time course studies revealed that biofilm formation using SU medium occurred after an initial adherence phase, followed by growth, proliferation, and maturation. However, microscopy techniques revealed that the architectural complexity of biofilms formed in SU medium was lower than that observed for those formed using RPMI medium. In particular, the level of filamentation of cells within the biofilms formed in SU medium was diminished compared to those in the biofilms grown in RPMI medium. This observation was also corroborated by expression profiling of five filamentation-associated genes using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. Sessile C. albicans cells were resistant to fluconazole and amphotericin B, irrespective of the medium used to form the biofilms. However, caspofungin exhibited potent in vitro activity at therapeutic levels against C. albicans biofilms grown in both SU and RPMI media.
Gender Differences in Job-Related Networks

Despite the conventional wisdom that employed women suffer by dint of their exclusion from “old boy” networks, there has been little investigation of gender differences in networks and their implications for occupational outcomes. This article represents a first step toward incorporating network concepts into analysis of gender-based occupational inequalities. In it, I document differences between the job-related networks of women and men in a sample of recent job changers in four white-collar occupations. Women know persons in fewer occupations than men; their networks are negatively affected by having children younger than 6, and by changing jobs in response to their spouses' mobility;men's networks are unaffected by these constraints.
Wireless Power Hotspot that Charges All of Your Devices

Each year, consumers carry an increasing number of gadgets on their person: mobile phones, tablets, smartwatches, etc. As a result, users must remember to recharge each device, every day. Wireless charging promises to free users from this burden, allowing devices to remain permanently unplugged. Today's wireless charging, however, is either limited to a single device, or is highly cumbersome, requiring the user to remove all of her wearable and handheld gadgets and place them on a charging pad. This paper introduces MultiSpot, a new wireless charging technology that can charge multiple devices, even as the user is wearing them or carrying them in her pocket. A MultiSpot charger acts as an access point for wireless power. When a user enters the vicinity of the MultiSpot charger, all of her gadgets start to charge automatically. We have prototyped MultiSpot and evaluated it using off-the-shelf mobile phones, smartwatches, and tablets. Our results show that MultiSpot can charge 6 devices at distances of up to 50cm.
The Social Uses of the Past: Recent Arab Historiography of Ottoman Rule

This study examines the structures of thought behind a representative selection of recent Arab historical and social scientific works on the Ottoman era of Arab history to elicit their historically bound social uses.
An efficient parallel finite-element-based domain decomposition iterative technique with polynomial preconditioning

An efficient parallel finite element-based non-overlapping domain decomposition iterative technique formulated with polynomial preconditioned GMRES method is presented. Unlike the standard row-oriented partitioning of a matrix, the finite element based domain decomposition solver with polynomial preconditioning circumvents the assembly of matrix, reordering of matrix, redundant computations associated with the interface elements, numerical problems associated with local pre-conditioner, and costly global preconditioner construction. A dramatic reduction in parallel overhead both in terms of computation and communication results in a highly scalable solver. The parallel performance results for large-scale static and dynamic problems on the IBM SP2 and the SGI Origin are presented.
Medicaid beneficiaries who continue to use the ED: a focus on the Illinois Medical Home Network ☆,☆☆

Abstract Objectives Frequent, nonurgent emergency department use continues to plague the American health care system through ineffective disease management and unnecessary costs. In 2012, the Illinois Medical Home Network (MHN) was implemented to, in part, reduce an overreliance on already stressed emergency departments through better care coordination and access to primary care. The purpose of this study is to characterize MHN patients and compare them with non-MHN patients for a preliminary understanding of MHN patients who visit the emergency department. Variables of interest include (1) frequency of emergency department use during the previous 12 months, (2) demographic characteristics, (3) acuity, (4) disposition, and (5) comorbidities. Methods We performed a retrospective data analysis of all emergency department visits at a large, urban academic medical center in 2013. Binary logistic regression analyses and analysis of variance were used to analyze data. Results Medical Home Network patients visited the emergency department more often than did non-MHN patients. Medical Home Network patients were more likely to be African American, Hispanic/Latino, female, and minors when compared with non-MHN patients. Greater proportions of MHN patients visiting the emergency department had asthma diagnoses. Medical Home Network patients possessed higher acuity but were more likely to be discharged from the emergency department compared with non-MHN patients. Conclusions This research may assist with developing and evaluating intervention strategies targeting the reduction of health disparities through decreased use of emergency department services in these traditionally underserved populations.
RESCUING INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT ARBITRATION: INTRODUCING DERIVATIVE ACTIONS, CLASS ACTIONS, AND COMPULSORY JOINDER

The treaty-based international investment arbitration (IIA) system is undergoing a major crisis as governments denounce the unfairness of IIA while the resolution of claims becomes increasingly inconsistent. This crisis threatens the future of much foreign investment and thus the rate of global economic growth. The acceptance by arbitrators of both direct and indirect claims by minority shareholders contributes to the discontent with IIA. This doctrine allows each minority shareholder separate rights under treaty to file a claim against host governments even if the company in which it has invested has filed a claim under the same facts. Forum shopping, multiple recovery, inconsistent results, multiplicity of litigation, and other problems result. Replacing the current claims doctrine with derivative doctrine (IIA forms of derivative actions, class actions, and compulsory joinder) inspired by American corporate law would mitigate or solve some of the problems plaguing IIA, and thus decrease the perceived unfairness and inconsistency of the current system. In addition, derivative doctrine would improve protections for less active and informed minority shareholders, such as increasingly important portfolio investors. Adopting derivative doctrine could avert a future crisis, similar to the one currently threatening IIA, in international portfolio investment. It would also increase market efficiency as it decreases market distortions caused by differing legal regimes and conflicts among international investment law institutions. Since international investment law allows private parties to bring claims against foreign governments directly and governments are then bound to pay awards as determined by international arbitrators, IIA is a very powerful system of international law.
Adaptation of ILLUDAS for Continuous Simulation

A description is presented of the essential elements of a modified version of the Illinois Urban Drainage Area Simulator model which is used for continuous simulation. The significant changes include a daily soil moisture and initial abstraction accounting scheme coupled with the Horton infiltration model, which is used for runoff simulation of specified events. In addition, three hydrograph routing techniques are incorporated. A screening procedure is described which eliminates from simulation those events which have a low probability of being important in the analysis. An example is presented showing the calibration of a specific catchment and applying 25 yr of continuous rainfall data to obtain a simulated history of peak flows. A frequency analysis of these peaks is then performed as the final goal of the example.
A Flow Chart of Behavior Management Strategies for Families of Children with Co-Occurring Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Problem Behavior

Behavioral parent training is an evidence-based treatment for problem behavior described as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. However, adherence to treatment fidelity and parent performance of the management skills remains an obstacle to optimum outcome. One variable that may limit the effectiveness of the parent training is that demanding behavior management procedures can be deceptively complicated and difficult to perform. Based on outcome research for families of children with co-occurring ADHD and conduct problem behavior, an example of a visual behavior management flow chart is presented. The flow chart may be used to help teach specific behavior management skills to parents. The flow chart depicts a chain of behavior management strategies taught with explanation, modeling, and role-play with parents. The chained steps in the flow chart are elements common to well-known evidence-based behavior management strategies, and perhaps, this depiction well serve as a setting event for other behavior analysts to create flow charts for their own parent training, Details of the flow chart steps, as well as examples of specific applications and program modifications conclude.
"10,000 Señora Lees": The Changing Gender Ideology of Korean- Latina-American Women in the Diaspora

This essay traces the itineraries of these secondary migrants- first from South Korea to South America and then to the U.S.-and is based primarily on ethnographic interviews with the female offspring of these immigrants in Los Angeles and interpretations of a novel about Korean life in South America. This essay analyzes women's experiences in each location and explores selfhood-in particular, new ideas and practices toward work/labor and love, marriage and family. The transformation involves deconstruction and reconstruction of Korean gender/sex ideology, a cultural critique of each location. Following these trajectories, I here "write women into the plot of gender and sexuality, showing their historical agency in contesting traditional expectations."
Enhanced aerobic exercise performance in women by a combination of three mineral chelates plus two conditionally essential nutrients (634.7)

Active, young adult women often eat less than optimal levels of iron, zinc and copper, a situation not always corrected by use of multi-vitamin-mineral supplements (which often omit iron and often ...
Nonlinear Pump-Probe Techniques for Multi-Contrast Microscopy

We demonstrate combined nonlinear transient absorption and nonlinear phase contrast imaging using rapid femtosecond pulse shaping techniques. We will discuss the implementation and potential applications of this technique for imaging biological specimens.
Scanning Transmission Electron Tomography of Blood Platelets in Thick Sections

Electron tomography in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) can be performed on sections of stained plastic-embedded tissues or cells of 1 to 2 micrometer thickness without effects of chromatic aberration because there are no imaging lenses after the specimen. By using a small STEM probe convergence angle of 1-2 mrad the geometrical broadening of the probe is restricted, which enables a spatial resolution of a few nanometers. Furthermore, by using an axial bright-field detector instead of the standard high-angle annular dark-field detector, image blurring due to multiple elastic scattering can be reduced in the lower part of the specimen. Here, we have applied STEM tomography to elucidate the 3D ultrastructure of human blood platelets, which are small anucleate blood cells that aggregate to seal leaks at sites of vascular injury and are important in the pathology of atherosclerosis and other diseases. Of particular interest are the morphological changes that occur in alpha-granules, which contain important proteins released when platelets are activated. Axial bright-field STEM electron tomographic tilt series were acquired at an accelerating voltage of 300 kV from 1.5-micrometer thick sections of platelets that had been prepared by rapid freezing and freeze-substitution; and the tomograms were reconstructed from dual-axis tilt series. The tomographic reconstructions revealed changes in ultrastructure that occurred on platelet activation including release of alpha granules through channels connecting to the plasma membrane. The research was supported by the intramural program of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and the research in the Storrie laboratory was supported in part by NIH grant R01 HL119393.
Controlling Oxidation Potentials in Redox Shuttle Candidates for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Overcharge, a condition in which cell voltage rises to undesirably high potentials, can be prevented in lithium-ion batteries by incorporating redox shuttles into the battery electrolyte. Although extensive overcharge protection has been demonstrated in batteries with LiFePO4 cathodes, the redox shuttles that work in these batteries are incompatible with higher voltage cathodes. Designing stable additives with higher oxidation potentials is necessary to protect high voltage batteries from overcharge. Toward that goal, we synthesized diarylamines with varied structures, including fused heteroaromatic ring systems and electron-withdrawing substituents. We found that trends in oxidation potentials correlated with those in calculated adiabatic ionization potentials. Some diarylamine derivatives protected batteries from overcharge with varying degrees of success.
Coal Production Subsidies Elimination in Ukraine: A CGE Analysis

Despite intensive development and implementation of government programs and sector-specific energy policies together with consideration of subsidies elimination as a strategic coal industry priority, governmental grants volumes for this economic activity are growing from year to year. While in 2003 Government cost covering support for coal industry equaled to 0,9 bn UAH, in 2013 Ukrainian Government transferred over 13,3 bn UAH, which is a crippling burden for National Budget. And although coal subsidies elimination process can be considered as a highly complicated and painful, due to resulting social issues, current economic situation even more escalates its necessity. In this paper a computable general equilibrium (CGE) GTAP model is applied to study the consequences and economic effects of coal subsidies elimination in Ukraine.
The Troubled Touch of Autism

A study finds that deficits in touch-sensing somatosensory neurons contribute to social interaction and anxiety phenotypes in mouse models of autism and Rett syndrome. These findings suggest that some core symptoms of autism might originate from aberrant development or function of the peripheral nervous system.
From Marxist Command Economies to Market Capitalism

One of the remarkable changes since the fifth edition of this book has been the collapse of the ‘Evil Empire.’ The Berlin Wall is now in pieces in hundreds of museums, and Eastern Europe has moved west and has been rechristened Central Europe. The USSR — the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics — is no long a union, no longer soviet, and far from socialist. What had been the Soviet Union is now Russia and 12 or so independent republics, some less independent than others and few republican. Poland and its neighbors have moved from coerced dependence on Moscow to becoming parts of the global market economy. The Baltic Countries — Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania — have regained the independence they lost in 1939. Ukraine, which had been part of Russia for more than 100 years before the Russian revolution, is now an independent country — one continually at odds with Russia over the price of natural gas, the charges for the use of the pipelines, and access to naval bases on the Black Sea.
Reconstructing the Floating City

The most august city of Venice is today the one home of liberty, peace, and justice, the one refuge of honorable men, haven for those who, battered on all sides by the storms of tyranny and war, seek to live in tranquility. Petrarch, 1364 Foundation Myths Myths have always been a creative means of fostering civic pride and projecting civic identity. The story of Venice’s birth inspired mythmaking from its very beginnings. Some two hundred years after the Roman Empire had separated into eastern (Byzantine) and western (European) spheres, Cassiodorus (537–38), a Roman official stationed in the Byzantine capital of Ravenna, constructed an ideal template of the boat peoples on the Venetian lagoon. His description of a humble fishing population far removed from the official centers of political power inspired learned writers nearly a thousand years later to create a lasting image of a free people bathing in peace and prosperity. In the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, an age when intellectuals emulated Greek and Roman ideals, humanist writers generously elaborated on Venetian origins. Among the most popular stories was the one linking Venetians with the free-spirited, noble warriors of Troy, who reputedly fathered the inhabitants of Venetia , the present-day Veneto, Friuli, and Trentino regions. Some mythmakers endowed the mainland peoples that colonized the lagoon with Gallic bloodlines, while still others situated both Trojans and Gauls in Venetia in order to infuse Venetians with the noble ancestry of classical antiquity, the most coveted of genealogies in Renaissance elite circles.
Game injuries in relation to game schedules in the National Basketball Association

Abstract Objectives Injury management is critical in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as players experience a wide variety of injuries. Recently, it has been suggested that game schedules, such as back-to-back games and four games in five days, increase the risk of injuries in the NBA. The aim of this study was to examine the association between game schedules and player injuries in the NBA. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods The present study analyzed game injuries and game schedules in the 2012–13 through 2014–15 regular seasons. Game injuries by game schedules and players' profiles were examined using an exact binomial test, the Fisher's exact test and the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test. A Poisson regression analysis was performed to predict the number of game injuries sustained by each player from game schedules and injured players' profiles. Results There were a total of 681 cases of game injuries sustained by 280 different players during the three years (total N =1443 players). Playing back-to-back games or playing four games in five days alone was not associated with an increased rate of game injuries, whereas a significant positive association was found between game injuries and playing away from home ( p p Conclusions Game schedules could be one factor that impacts the risk of game injuries in the NBA. The findings could be useful for designing optimal game schedules in the NBA as well as helping NBA teams make adjustments to minimize game injuries.
CR-Submanifolds of Semi-Riemannian Kaehler Manifolds

First, we review the preliminaries and basic formulas for the CR-submanifold of a Kaehler manifold. Allowing the Kaehler metric to be of all signatures compatible with the Hermitian structure, we recall the results on mixed foliate, normal mixed totally geodesic and totally umbilical CR-submanifolds of a Kaehler manifold. Finally, CR-submanifolds have been studied within the frame-work of space-time (in particular, of general relativity).
Protein Expression Profiling

Much work in biochemistry and physiology already has shown us that biochemical pathways are constantly in flux. The use of DNA microarrays has demonstrated that gene-expression patterns in cells are also changing constantly. Indeed, one can use either old or new technologies to observe regular changes in the status of many enzymes during the daily life cycle of an organism or in the cycle of a cell. All this suggests that the proteomes of cells are constantly changing as well. In addition to these changes that are essential to life, other changes are induced by environmental stimuli, chemicals, drugs, and growth and disease processes. Many of these latter changes interest those trying to understand complicated pathologies (e.g., cancer) or trying to identify novel targets for therapeutic drugs. Perhaps the ultimate challenge of proteomics is to measure the status of all cellular proteins as they change with time. Unfortunately, the technology is not yet there. Nevertheless, the problem of comparing proteomes between two states of a cell or organism is relevant and important.
Protective personality traits: High openness and low neuroticism linked to better memory in multiple sclerosis:

Background:Memory impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) is common, although few risk/protective factors are known.Objective:To examine relationships of personality to memory/non-memory cognition in...
Character Focalization in and Beyond Children’s Novels

This chapter returns to the research questions posed in chapters 2 and 4 and provides a succinct summary of character focalization selection and development in Parts I–III of the study. Particularly striking findings are noted. These include notable perceptual and psychological patterns that develop in one or more novels. The study’s contributions to the fields of narrative studies, stylistics, and children’s literature scholarship are examined. Possible applications of the study’s conceptual framework in middle school education and possible directions for future research are suggested.
Community, Science, Ethics, and Professional Land Stewards

D ebate rages about the role of government. Some things are best done by indi- viduals. Other essential actions, bene cial to the community, can best be done by people acting together. Land use involves complex interactions between private owners seeking rewards from their property and public agencies charged with maintaining the health and viability of our social and economic systems. The history of range- land management helps us understand the role of private individuals and the public acting through government. It also suggests a need for strong professional evaluation of facts, data, and actions. DOI: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v34i4_box
Teaching Methods For Earth Science

The Earth and environmental challenges facing our global society in the twenty-first century require robust understandings of the complexities of the ever-changing Earth system. Therefore it is critically important for Earth Science to be a central part of the secondary school science curriculum for all students, regardless of location or status. In some ways Earth Science may be considered the easiest of the science disciplines for students to learn about.
New strategies for fault tolerant control and fault diagnostic

Abstract A recent architecture based on the Youla parameterization is analyzed for the nominal and uncertain case. This special architecture is characterized by a separation principle for the controller. In this paper, several stability results that allow to extend the structure to the integrated control/filter approach are presented. Two algorithms based on the recursive design and nesting of the integrated controller are also outlined.
Transposable Element Domestication As an Adaptation to Evolutionary Conflicts

Transposable elements (TEs) are selfish genetic units that typically encode proteins that enable their proliferation in the genome and spread across individual hosts. Here we review a growing number of studies that suggest that TE proteins have often been co-opted or 'domesticated' by their host as adaptations to a variety of evolutionary conflicts. In particular, TE-derived proteins have been recurrently repurposed as part of defense systems that protect prokaryotes and eukaryotes against the proliferation of infectious or invasive agents, including viruses and TEs themselves. We argue that the domestication of TE proteins may often be the only evolutionary path toward the mitigation of the cost incurred by their own selfish activities.
Norma G. Hernandez: A Pioneer

This chapter highlights some of the accomplishments of Norma G. Hernandez. She earned her B.A. in Mathematics in 1954, and received her Ph.D. in Mathematics Education in 1970. She is one of the first U.S.-born Latinas, and possibly the first U.S.-born Latina, to receive a Doctorate in Mathematics Education in the United States. This narrative provides general biographical and academic information about Hernandez in the context of an ethno-history framework. Some observations highlight Hernandez’s pioneering contributions to Mathematics Education and Ethnomathematics in the early 1970s. In addition, there is a discussion of familial factors that contributed to fostering her early interest in mathematics. At the conclusion of the chapter, some of Hernandez’s academic works beyond Mathematics Education are mentioned.
Relationship between 25 hydroxyvitamin D and lipid profile in Lebanese school children

Limited information is available regarding the association of vitamin D and lipid profile in pediatric populations. The objective of this cross-sectional study is to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a large sample of Lebanese schoolchildren and to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D and lipid profile. 969 Lebanese schoolchildren (505 boys and 464 girls) aged 8–18 years were recruited from 10 schools of different socioeconomic status (SES). Non-fasting total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Non-HDL-C was calculated. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency (level below 20 ng/ml) is 56.6% (48.1% in boys, 65.7% in girls). There is no significant relationship between 25(OH)D levels and age. 25(OH)D is inversely correlated with BMI in the total population, and in boys and girls (p < 0.0001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and is higher in children from high SES schools and during the summer season (p < 0.0001 in both cases). 25(OH)D is inversely correlated with triglycerides and non-HDL-C in the total population and in boys and girls (p < 0.0001 for all), and positively correlated with HDL-C in the total population and in boys but not in girls (p = 0.001, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.1, respectively). In a multilinear regression analysis, in the overall population, 25(OH)D is independently associated with sex, season, school’s SES, BMI, triglycerides and non-HDL-C. In boys, the association with BMI and season is non-significant. An independent relationship is observed between 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic risk factors in the pediatric Lebanese population Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term consequences of this relationship.
Development of SiPM array based PET detector incorporating ASIC-based parallel readout: Multi-channel independent signal processing and novel algorithms for event timing, energy, positioning and DOI determination

1963 Objectives Develop new high performance PET detectors that read and process signals from each channel of a SiPM array independently with custom ASIC electronics Develop and evaluate new algorithms to determine timing, energy and other values of a gamma interaction event detected across multiple channels. Methods Detector is an 8x8 array of 1.9x1.9x30 mm LYSO pixels coupled on each end to a 4x4 SiPM array (SensL Array4, 3x3 mm pixels). With light sharing each gamma interaction generates signals on multiple SiPM pixels. ASIC electronics read and process signals from each SiPM pixel independently, and outputs timing and energy in digital time pulses then processed by an FPGA. The parallel readout boosts overall SNR. Several algorithms were studied to calculate the best overall event timing measurement using the time signature from each fired SiPM. A timing model is also applied to investigate the event timing as a function of light sharing and algorithm. Other detector parameters, i.e. depth-of-interaction (DOI) have also been measured. Results Energy weighted timing improves up to 40% over conventional timing measurements when light is shared across 8 SiPM pixels. Energy resolution improves by several percentage points for DOI selected events. Flood maps show significant improvement in positioning accuracy with dual ended scintillator readout vs single ended, and for parallel readout vs a multiplexed resistor network. The global energy resolution of the array is ~15%, although pixel segregation and DOI correction improves this value. DOI resolution is expected to be better than 3mm. The timing is highlighted in in the image, but all parameters will be shown. Conclusions Novel timing algorithms significantly improve timing measurement when multiple channels are available. Additionally, a dual ended parallel readout gives excellent DOI resolution, and improves both energy and spatial resolution. These improvements are guiding our new prototype system under development
Forest Systems: Living with Long-Term Change

Human societies depend heavily on forests for resources and habitat in many parts of the globe, yet the global extent of forests has declined by 40% through human actions since people first began clearing lands for agriculture. Forests still cover about 30% of the terrestrial surface and support 70% of Earth’s plant and animal species (Shvidenko et al. 2005). Societies residing in tropical forests alone account for half of the world’s indigenous languages. People have lived in and interacted with forests for thousands of years, both benefiting from their services and influencing the dynamics of the forests in which they live. Forests are therefore most logically viewed as social-ecological systems of which people are an integral component. Forests are globally important because of their broad geographic extent and the great wealth and diversity of ecological services they provide to global and local residents, including substantial biological and cultural diversity.
Ureteroceles in infants and children.

Abstract Ureteroceles in childhood have a broad spectrum of presentation, anatomy and pathophysiology and, thus, treatment must be individualized. We evaluated 64 children with 72 ureteroceles who underwent operation. Their presentation, radiographic findings, operative management and postoperative results are discussed. Simple or orthotopic ureteroceles often require no operation unless they are large enough to obstruct the urinary tract. Then excision of the ureterocele and ureteral reimplantation are recommended. There are a number of options available for the management of ectopic ureteroceles. The procedure of choice is upper pole heminephrectomy and partial ureterectomy in the majority of ureteroceles associated with a poorly functioning upper renal segment, Specific indications for each of the other surgical techniques considered acceptable at present are discussed.
Numerical Software to Compute Newton Polytopes

We present our implementation of an algorithm which functions as a numerical oracle for the Newton polytope of a hypersurface in the Macaulay2 package NumericalNP.m2. To showcase this software, we investigate the Newton polytope of both a hypersurface coming from algebraic vision and the classical Luroth invariant.