cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperthermia, Inflammation, and Perinatal Brain Injury

Hyperthermia at the time of or following a hypoxic-ischemic insult has been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Moreover, an elevation in temperature during labor has been associated with a variety of other adverse neurologic sequelae such as neonatal seizures, encephalopathy, stroke, and cerebral palsy. These outcomes may be secondary to a number of deleterious effects of hyperthermia including an increase in cellular metabolic rate and cerebral blood flow alteration, release of excitotoxic products such as free radicals and glutamate, and hemostatic changes. There is also an association between chorioamnionitis at the time of delivery and cerebral palsy, which is thought to be secondary to cytokine-mediated injury. We review experimental and human studies demonstrating a link between hyperthermia and perinatal brain injury.
The complement cascade as a mediator of tissue growth and regeneration

Recent evidence has demonstrated that the complement cascade is involved in a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in addition to its role as an immune effector. Research in a variety of organ systems has shown that complement proteins are direct participants in maintenance of cellular turnover, healing, proliferation and regeneration. As a physiologic housekeeper, complement proteins maintain tissue integrity in the absence of inflammation by disposing of cellular debris and waste, a process critical to the prevention of autoimmune disease. Developmentally, complement proteins influence pathways including hematopoietic stem cell engraftment, bone growth, and angiogenesis. They also provide a potent stimulus for cellular proliferation including regeneration of the limb and eye in animal models, and liver proliferation following injury. Here, we describe the complement cascade as a mediator of tissue growth and regeneration.
Lactate transport mechanisms at apical and basolateral membranes of bovine retinal pigment epithelium

The isolated bovine retinal pigment epithelium actively transports lactate from the apical to the basal bath. Net short-circuit [14C]lactate flux in 20 mM lactate was 0.46 +/- 0.09 mu eq.cm-2.h-1 (n = 8). In open circuit, with a physiological lactate gradient, net [14C]lactate flux was 0.66-1.31 mu eq.cm-2.h-1 (n = 3). Lactate in the apical bath caused intracellular acidifications that were saturable, apparently stereospecific, and reduced in magnitude by several H-lactate cotransport inhibitors. In the basal bath, lactate caused intracellular alkalinizations that were dependent on the presence of Na. In short circuit, 20 mM lactate in both baths reversed the direction of net transepithelial 22Na transport from secretion to absorption, suggesting the presence of basolateral Na-lactate cotransport moving lactate out of the cells. Outwardly directed Na-lactate cotransport requires a lactate:Na stoichiometry > 1.4:1, consistent with the coupled movement of Na, lactate, and net negative charge across the basolateral membrane. Intracellular microelectrode recordings showed that basal lactate hyperpolarized and apical lactate depolarized the basolateral membrane. For lactate absorption, this is a novel arrangement of membrane proteins:luminal H-lactate cotransport and serosal electrogenic Na:(n)lactate cotransport. Lactate transport across the retinal pigment epithelium may play an important role in regulating retinal metabolism and subretinal space volume and composition.
Production Capacity for Durable Goods

A theory of manufacturing capacity choice for a durable good is provided. The remarkable conclusion is that efficient production may entail ten to fifty years before full market saturation is reached. The time to market saturation is increased as the good becomes less durable, and the size of the crash when saturation is reached falls as the durability decreases. The monopoly seller is efficient provided he doesn’t ever undercut himself, a feature of some equilibria of the “no gap” case, where demand intersects marginal costs.
Emerging Constitutional Threats to Food Labeling Reform

Much has been written about the American consumer’s untapped power to compel agriculture reform. Food safety and animal welfare advocates urge us to “vote with our wallets” to influence food production practices. This sounds good, but the federal food labeling regulatory scheme has left us frustratingly under-informed. State labeling laws and citizen consumer fraud suits have been thwarted by two powerful doctrinal weapons, federal preemption and free expression protection of commercial speech. Under the Roberts Court’s expansion of corporate personhood, these doctrines have been reshaped and reapplied. One consequence is diminished state police power authority in the name of consumer protection; another consequence is a limitation on consumer tort litigation. Parts I and II introduce the relevant food labeling regulations and traditional doctrinal analyses in consumer protection conflicts. Using recent Supreme Court cases AT&T Mobility v. Concepcion, Wyeth v. Bruesewitz, PLIVA v. Mensing, National Meat Association v. Harris, and Milavetz, Gallop & Milavetz v. United States, Part III suggests that these doctrines are becoming more obstructive to food labeling reform. The conclusion suggests that Milavetz’s approach to compelled commercial speech is an outlier, ensuring that the compelled speech doctrine will remain fertile ground for labeling litigation.
Trust and doubt: An examination of children's decision to believe what they are told about food.

Abstract The domain of food is one that is highly relevant and vital to the everyday lives of children. However, children’s reasoning about this domain is poorly understood within the field of developmental psychology. Because children’s learning about food, including its evaluative components (e.g., health, taste) is so heavily dependent on information conveyed by other people, a major developmental challenge that children face is determining who to distrust regarding food. In three studies, this investigation examined how 3- and 4-year-olds and adults ( N = 312) use different cues to determine when to ignore informant information (i.e., distrust what an informant tells them by choosing an alternative) in food- and non-food-specific scenarios. The results of Study 1 indicated that by age 4 years, children are less trusting of inaccurate sources of information compared with sources that have not demonstrated previous inaccuracy. Study 2 revealed that these results are applicable across the domain of objects. The results of Study 3 indicated that by age 4, children trust benevolent sources more often than malevolent ones. Thus, when reasoning about the evaluative components of food, by age 4, children appraise other people’s untrustworthiness by paying attention to their inaccuracy and malevolence.
Achievement Motivation and Values: An Alternative Perspective

Unequal participation of the sexes in the domain of employment has become increasingly difficult to ignore. Although increasing numbers of women are working, these women are still concentrated in the lower levels of the professional hierarchy in spite of attempts in recent years to decrease discrimination in hiring and salaries of women. For example, the percentage of women in professional and technical occupations has increased from 39% in 1968 to only 42% in 1976 while during the same time period the percentage of women clerical workers increased from 73% to 80%. It is interesting to note in 1970, when women occupied 40% of the professional and technical positions, more than 62% of these women were nurses, physical therapists, dieticians and elementary and secondary school teachers. In comparison, only 12.6% of men occupied these “female” professional occupations (Carnegie Commission on Higher Education, 1973). Even within the professional domain, women cluster in the lower realm of the status hierarchy. The underemployment of women implied by these figures is widespread.
Gender Trends in Radiology Authorship: A 35-Year Analysis.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to describe trends over time in female authorship in the radiology literature and to investigate the tendency of female first authors to publish with female senior authors. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Data on the gender of academic physician authors based in the United States for all major articles published in three general radiology journals—Radiology, AJR, and Academic Radiology—were collected and analyzed for the years 1978, 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2013. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify significant trends over time, and a chi-square test of independence was performed to determine significant relations between the genders of first and senior authors. RESULTS. The gender of 4182 of 4217 (99.17%) authors with MD degrees was determined. The proportion of original research articles published by women as first authors increased from 8.33% in 1978 to 32.35% in 2013 (p < 0.001). The proportion of original research articles with women as senior authors inc...
Relationship Status and Long-Term Care Facility Use in Later Life

Objectives Most older adults prefer to "age in place" and avoid formal long-term care. Yet demographic shifts, including population aging and an increasing prevalence of remarried and unmarried older adults, could undermine these goals, making it important to consider carefully how and why relationship status relates to long-term care risk. Method We fit hazard models to a sample of adults aged 65 and older from eight waves (1998-2012) of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 21,564). We consider risk of any long-term care facility admission, as well as risk of long-duration stays. Results Widowed, divorced, and never married adults have the highest risks of long-term care admission. Remarried and partnered adults have similar risks of long-term care admission as continuously married adults. Relationship status is more important for men than for women, especially when considering long-duration stays. Relationship status is also more significant for non-Hispanic White and Hispanic adults compared with non-Hispanic Black adults. Economic resources and, to some extent, social ties partially explain the association between relationship status and long-term care use. Discussion By addressing the prohibitive costs of long-term care services which enable aging in place (e.g., home health care), relationship status disparities in long-term care may be reduced. Future studies should consider the link between long-term care facility use and relationship status in future cohorts as well as examine how relationship status structures access to a range of long-term care options.
Timing of ovulation by a rapid luteinizing hormone assay.

A rapid solid phase assay for serum luteinizing hormone (LH) invol ving a single antigen antibody reaction and a 2-hour incubation period was evaluated. Preparation of the assay materials is described in detail. The assay was tested in 6 normally menstruating women over the menstrual cycle and was found to compare favorably with a 6-day double antibody method in delineating the pattern of serum LH. Although a longer incubation period would most likely yield more precise results it is thought that this assay system is capable of demonstrating the preovulatory peak of LH.
Laser-Induced Surface Activation of Aluminum Oxide for Electroless Deposition

A new process for writing a copper pattern into alumina or sapphire substrates is presented. This process employs in sequence ultraviolet laser irradiation and electroless deposition of copper. The laser irradiation activates the substrate and copper is deposited in the activated region when the substrate is immersed in the electroless solution. The laser-activation can be performed months in advance to the deposition. A small amount of metallic aluminum is left on the surface of laser irradiated alumina substrates. The presence of this metallic aluminum appears to play a very important role in the laser surface activation process. In addition to aluminum cluster formation there must be other activation centers that promote copper deposition in laser treated alumina substrates. These catalytic centers are much weaker that the aluminum clusters and have been tentatively identified as surface defects.
Managing Gradient Inaccuracies while Enhancing Optimal Shape Design Methods

gradient calculations from adjoint formulations. The key goal of these enhancements is to increase the accuracy of the solution while reducing the computational wall-time. This study is specically interested in quantifying the impact of mesh adaptation and approximate gradients from continuous adjoint methodologies while performing Gradient Based Optimization (GBO) or Surrogate Based Optimization (SBO). In the course of this work we have discovered conditions in which these various gradient methods can actually degrade the performance of the optimizer. For example, we have observed that bias errors from continuous adjoint gradients, which are traditionally acceptable for GBO methods, are not acceptable for basic SBO methods, which make a stronger assumption of objective-gradient correlation. We have also observed that applying mesh adaptation to continuous adjoint solutions can exacerbate this error enough to eect GBO convergence rates. In attempting to improve the convergence of the optimizers, we have built several approaches to better condition gradient accuracies. In one approach we lter the surface sensitivities before projecting them into a parameterized design space. In another approach, we build surrogate models capable of learning the noise of the system. This paper will present the work completed towards developing these methods, and will provide examples in the form of analytical test cases and demonstrative aerodynamic problems.
Defective protein histidine phosphorylation in islets from the Goto-Kakizaki diabetic rat.

We recently described novel regulatory roles for protein histidine phosphorylation of key islet proteins (e.g., nucleoside diphosphate kinase and succinyl thiokinase) in insulin secretion from the ...
The traveling Torah and healing.

This essay is a report on patient responses to a hospital chaplain's use of the Torah in delivering pastoral care in a large medical center.
Moderate to severe psychological distress, disability, and non-receipt of past year visits to a mental health professional.

Abstract Background Studies of mental health care received by persons with disabilities who make up a significant group of the U.S. population are limited. Objective This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between disability and non-receipt of past year visits to a mental health professional among individuals with moderate to severe psychological distress. Methods Study participants included a nationally representative sample of 5,566 people with moderate to severe psychological distress, extracted from 2011 to 2013 Integrated Health Interview using the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Self-reported disability domains included vision, hearing, mobility, upper body self-care difficulty, learning difficulty, communication difficulty, and cognition difficulty. Results Sixty-four percent of participants reported a disability. Logistic regression analyses showed that (adjusting for nativity, other mental health conditions, and chronic pain) people aged 18–64 years old with disabilities have significantly lower odds (OR = 0.52, p p p = 0.361) of unmet mental health care services than people without disabilities. Additionally, females have significantly higher odds (OR = 1.63, p = 0.039) than males. Conclusions Findings indicate the importance of identifying demographic characteristics associated with an increased risk for psychological distress and increased unmet mental health care services among people with and without disabilities.
Restoring Faith in Dreaming: A Response to Kelly Bulkeley's Big Dreams

The purpose of this paper is to respond to Bulkeley’s (2016) book Big Dreams by highlighting his significant contributions to the study of sleep and dreaming and, most importantly, to the study of psychology and religion. The bulk of this paper raises questions regarding both methodology and content to extend the conversation and provoke discussion. The paper concludes with a note of appreciation (from my own psychoanalytic perspective) to Bulkeley for rebutting the trend in scientific psychology to reject dream content as meaningless byproducts of the brain’s nocturnal consolidation of memories and for offering sound scientific evidence for the continued appreciation of the meaning—including the spiritual and religious meaning—of dreams, restoring my faith (in dreams)!
Equilibration of Micelle-Polyelectrolyte Complexes: Mechanistic Differences between Static and Annealed Charge Distributions.

The role of charge density and charge annealing in polyelectrolyte complexation was investigated through systematic comparison of two micelle–polyelectrolyte systems. First, poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(styrene) (PDMAEMA-b-PS) micelles were complexed with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) at pH values above and below the pKa of PDMAEMA to investigate the role of charge annealing in the complexation process. Second, complexes of poly(DMAEMA-stat-oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)-block-poly(styrene) (P(DMAEMA-stat-OEGMA)-b-PS) micelles with the same PSS at low pH were used to investigate how the complexation process differs when the charged sites are in fixed positions along the polymer chains. Characterization by turbidimetric titration, dynamic light scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy reveals that whether or not the charge distribution can rearrange during the complexation process significantly affects the structure and stability of the complexes. In ...
Atrial Fibrillation Predictors on Mobile Cardiac Telemetry in Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke.

Background and Purpose The objective of our study was to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiographic characteristics that would identify patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke (IS) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) who subsequently developed paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) on mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry (MCOT). Methods All patients with cryptogenic IS or TIA seen at the Emory University Hospital and Emory University Hospital Midtown from January 1, 2009, to June 30, 2013, who underwent MCOT were included in this analysis. Location (cortical, high subcortical, or neither) of current and prior strokes on MRI and left atrial (LA) functional and anatomical echocardiographic parameters were evaluated to determine their association with subsequent detection of PAF. Results Of 132 patients, 17 (13%) had evidence of newly diagnosed PAF on MCOT (mean duration of monitoring = 25 days). The presence (vs absence) of ≥1 cortical infarct on baseline MRI was a significant predictor of identifying PAF (odds ratio: 5.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-19; P = .01). On baseline echocardiography, patients who had PAF (vs non-PAF) had significantly higher mean LA diameters (4.2 vs 3.7 cm, P = .03) and lower tissue Doppler velocity (a'; 5.5 vs 13.5 cm/s, P = .03). In receiver operating characteristic analysis, the ratio of LA volume index to the septal Doppler velocity (LAVI/a') of >4.6 was associated with a higher likelihood of PAF. Combining MRI with echocardiographic variables did not improve the predictive ability beyond echocardiography alone. Conclusion Although the presence of cortical-based infarcts on MRI in patients with cryptogenic IS or TIA increases the likelihood of detecting PAF on MCOT, LA functional and anatomic parameters alone best predicted which patients subsequently had PAF.
Oral Toxicity of a Boric Acid - Sucrose Water Bait to Florida Carpenter Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The oral toxicity of boric acid to the Florida carpenter ant, Camponotus abdominalis floridanus (Buckley), was evaluated in laboratory tests. The ants were provided a sucrose water-based bait containing various concentrations of boric acid. Over the dosage range from 0.02 M (0.13% w/v) to 0.50 M (3.13% w/v) boric acid, median lethal times (LT50s) (95% CL) ranged from 9.7 (8.1–13.3) days to 1.5 (1.2–1.7) days. Over the same dosage range (0.02 M to 0.50 M), LT90s (95% CL) ranged from 27.1 (18.0–59.5) days to 4.2 (3.6–5.1) days. Some of the advantages of using boric acid as a bait toxicant for ants include its delayed activity and its solubility in water.
The Austrian Shadow and ‘The Slogan of Liberty’

The obsequiousness with which ‘von’ Hayek and ‘von’ Mises have been treated—especially in the United States—suggests that something other than scholarly detachment is present. As Hayek was writing The Road to Serfdom, ‘Ritter von’ Kuehnelt-Leddihn published The Menace of the Herd. Austrian School economists and philosophers openly embraced ‘natural aristocracy’ (Rockwell), monarchy, or anything but democracy (Hoppe), a ‘small, self-perpetuating oligarchy of the ablest and most interested’ (Rothbard) and a ‘really limited democracy’—‘dictatorial democracy’ (Hayek). After promoting ‘German and Italian’ ‘Fascists,’ including ‘Ludendorff and Hitler,’ Mises asserted that he had ‘not changed anything in the original text’ of Liberalism in the Classical Tradition and ‘did not influence in any way the translation.’ But his translator, the Mises Institute’s Ralph Raico, revealed that Mises was lying.
The Influence of Partner Status and Sexual Behavior on College Women’s Consent Communication and Feelings

The topic of sexual consent has permeated mainstream discourse as a mechanism used to decrease rates of sexual assault and increase sex-positive communication. Women's external consent behaviors are frequently examined; however, research exploring their internal consent and feelings associated with sexual activity is understudied. The purpose of this study was to understand how partner status and sexual behavior at most recent sexual activity influence women's external/internal consent and feelings during sexual activity. Three hundred and ninety women completed a survey on consent, partner status, and most recent sexual behavior. Internal and external consent differed by partner status for women who engaged in vaginal-penile sex, but not genital and oral sex. Feelings associated with the sexual act were different within each behavior group and partner status. Women with a serious dating partner reported stronger feelings related to sexual activity, higher internal consent feelings, and increased use of nonverbal external consent cues. Partner status appears to influence factors of interest for vaginal-penile sex, but not genital and oral sex. Findings from this study can inform prevention efforts to increase sex-positive communication around consent.
Optimal multiunit transfer over adversarial paths with increasing intercept probabilities

AbstractWe consider a problem involving transporting a set of items over a set of hostile paths where an adversary seeks to intercept them, with the goal of maximizing the probability that all items successfully cross. Items leave a unique footprint as they cross a path, and the probability that an item is intercepted on a given path increases according to an intercept probability function as the cumulative footprint on that path increases. We provide a problem formulation and demonstrate several properties important for its solution. We then use these to develop four optimization algorithms: an exact algorithm (E), a greedy heuristic (G), a greedy heuristic with local search (LS), and a genetic algorithm (GA). These algorithms were evaluated via computational experiments on a large set of benchmark problems spanning different sizes and characteristics. LS provided the largest number of best solutions while outperforming GA in terms of solution time.
Drugs, Alcohol, and Aging

Although developmental psychology used to stop abruptly after infancy, childhood, and adolescence had been described, there has been, for some decades now, increasing awareness and increasing research activity in the biological, psychological, and social aspects of adult life: young adults, middle-aged adults, elderly adults. The last group, defined here as 65 and older, is one stage (obviously the last stage) in the lifespan, and demographic data have pointed up the fact that this group represents an increasing proportion of the population of developed nations. In the early 1980s, this age group constituted 9.3% of the Canadian population (Fact Book on Aging in Canada, 1983) and 11–12% of the U.S. population (A Profile of Older Americans, 1986). Demographers predict an increasing proportion of elderly in the population, projecting their speculations into the early decades of the 21st century.
Solving two-point boundary value problems by a family of linear multistep methods

Linear Multistep Methods (LMMs) are developed and applied to solve two-point boundary value problems (BVPs). The derivation of the main methods lead to continuous approximations from which multiple finite difference methods (MFDMs) are obtained. The MFDMs are assembled into single block matrix equations which are used to solve BVPs. We obtain three specific methods with step numbers k = 2,3,4, which are used to illustrate the process. It is also shown that the methods have orders greater than one, zero-stable, and hence convergent. Numerical experiments are performed to show the efficiency of the methods.
Temporal and spatial associations between influenza and asthma hospitalisations in New York City from 2002 to 2012: a longitudinal ecological study.

Objectives To determine whether asthma hospitalisations of children and adults in the five boroughs of New York City are correlated with influenza hospitalisations temporally and spatially. Design A longitudinal ecological study. Inclusion criteria We reviewed the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System’s records of hospitalisations in Manhattan, Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Staten Island from 2002 to 2012. All hospitalisations with a primary diagnosis of either asthma or influenza were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. Methods A time-series regression analysis was performed using aggregate monthly counts of influenza hospitalisations as predictors of asthma hospitalisations. Time-series regression models were also applied to different age groups and boroughs to examine the magnitude of influenza and asthma correlations across strata. The per cent excess risk was also calculated across age groups and boroughs. Results Time-series analysis of the overall population revealed a significant positive correlation between influenza and asthma hospitalisations (p=0.011). When stratifying by age, there was a significant positive correlation between asthma and influenza hospitalisations for individuals 18 and older (p Conclusion Influenza and asthma hospitalisations are significantly associated at the population level among adults. These associations vary by age and geographical location. Influenza prevention strategies targeting adult populations, particularly individuals living in Manhattan and Brooklyn, have the potential for meaningful reduction of influenza-related asthma hospitalisations.
Successful cerebral protection during removal of large right atrial thrombus with AngioVac in a patient with patent foramen ovale and recent embolic stroke.

Abstract Complications associated with central venous catheterization include deep venous thrombosis and atrial thrombi, among others. Large thrombi, including intracardiac thrombi, have classically been managed medically or with open surgery. However, recent reports detail the utility of the AngioVac system (AngioDynamics, Latham, NY), a vacuum-assisted suction thrombectomy system using a venous-venous extracorporeal circuit. Here, we present the case of a critically ill woman with large right atrial thrombus, patent foramen ovale, and recent embolic stroke who underwent successful vacuum-assisted suction thrombectomy with use of the Sentinel Cerebral Protection System (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Mass) for stroke prevention.
Propeller echo-planar time-resolved imaging with dynamic encoding (PEPTIDE).

Purpose To develop a motion-robust extension to the recently developed echo-planar time-resolved imaging (EPTI) approach, referred to as PROPELLER EPTI with dynamic encoding (PEPTIDE), by incorporating rotations into the rapid, multishot acquisition to enable shot-to-shot motion correction. Methods Echo-planar time-resolved imaging is a multishot EPI-based approach that allows extremely rapid acquisition of distortion-free and blurring-free multicontrast imaging and quantitative mapping. By combining k-space encoding rotations into the EPTI sampling strategy to repeatedly sample the low-resolution k-space center, PEPTIDE enables significant tolerance to shot-to-shot motion and B0 phase variations. Retrospective PEPTIDE data sets are created through a combination of in vivo EPTI data sets with rotationally acquired protocols, to enable direct comparison of the 2 methods and their robustness to identical motion. The PEPTIDE data sets are also prospectively acquired and again compared with EPTI, in the presence of true subject motion. Results The PEPTIDE approach is shown to be motion-robust to even severe subject motion (demonstrated > 30° in-plane rotation, alongside translational and through-plane motion), while maintaining the rapid encoding benefits of the EPTI technique. The technique enables accurate quantitative maps to be calculated from even severe motion data sets. While the performance of the motion correction depends on the type and severity of motion encountered, in all cases PEPTIDE significantly increases image quality in the presence of motion comparative to conventional EPTI. Conclusion The newly developed PEPTIDE technique combines a high degree of motion tolerance into the EPTI framework, enabling highly rapid acquisition of distortion-free and blurring-free images at multiple TEs in the presence of motion.
INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF A TEXTBOOK: RADOMIR LUKIĆ’S INTRODUCTION TO LAW BETWEEN MARX AND KELSEN

Radomir Lukic’s Introduction to Law was a model textbook in Communist Yugoslavia for nearly fifty years. Still in use as a learning source in present-day Serbia, it combines Marxist theory of law with Kelsen’s normativism in order to explain the legal rule as a social fact without denying its normative dimension. In order to discern the reasons for and patterns of this synthesis, the paper compares the first five consecutive editions of Lukic’s textbook, as milestones of the author’s intellectual evolution. The initial hypothesis is that Lukic’s teaching was no more than a reinterpretation of his Parisian doctoral thesis from the late 1930s. Inspired by French theory of social law and despite being Marxist, his teaching was not of Marxist origin. As such, it facilitates understanding of the Communist theory of law, especially Marxist perception and reception of Kelsenian normativism.
Do pain, depression and fatigue cluster in advanced cancer?

8522 Background: A cancer symptom cluster of pain, depression and fatigue has been proposed. We evaluated the frequency and strength of association between these symptoms in advanced cancer, and th...
Statutory Interpretation: Yates v. United States

This teaching tool evaluates statutory interpretation using the recent Supreme Court case of Yates v. United States as a guide. Tools analyzed include textual analysis, context, legislative history, noscitur a sociis, and ejusdem generis. Also discussed is the plurality's reliance on titles of legal provisions and a provision's placement in the larger statutory context. This project also evaluates the concurrence and dissent in the case.
Imatinib mesylate-induced pemphigus foliaceus in a patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and chronic myeloid leukemia. Several cutaneous adverse reactions have been reported with its use. There are a very few reports of imatinib induced bullous disorders. We report a case of pemphigus foliaceus associated with imatinib mesylate therapy in a patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
In Situ Process Monitoring for Additive Manufacturing Through Acoustic Techniques

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging field where a complex geometrical model can be made with no requirement of individual parts and assembly production. This advantage provides the capability for fabricating components in a single integrated process. On the contrary, lack of non-destructive testing adoption due to complex geometries of final products, makes this technology less convenient for the production of critical parts with high accuracy. Non-destructive testing through acoustic techniques is one of the most popular methodologies for AM inspection because of its provision to detect defects on the internal structure of the components. The technique has also been used in other types of fabrication processes (machining and welding) for defect monitoring. There are several studies where acoustic data acquisition and analysis have been done to detect cracks and other anomalies. In this paper, the progress of using acoustic techniques for AM process and part quality monitoring has been reviewed, and critical discussion has been made for the potential application of acoustic techniques toward quality inspection and monitoring in AM technology.
Spiral to the Stars: Mvskoke Tools of Futurity: Laura Harjo. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 2019. xiv and 303 pp., maps, diagrams, illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $45.00 cloth (ISBN 9780816538010); $35.00 paper (ISBN 9780816541102); $35.00 electronic (ISBN 9780816541102).

At a book launch for Spiral to the Stars: Mvskoke Tools of Futurity at the University of New Mexico School of Architecture and Planning, author Laura Harjo presented to a full auditorium, using the...
Professor–Student Interaction in the Midst of Illness: A Collaborative Autoethnography

This article explores the complexities of navigating professor-student interaction in the midst of serious illness. Using collaborative autoethnography, the authors describe the experience of a stu...
Preparing Local Tax Expenditure Reports: A Practical Guide for Local Governments

Tax expenditures are provisions in the tax code that allow for special treatment of some properties or a certain type of expense when computing the tax liability. Such treatment usually results in a reduction in tax liability for the taxpayer. Policymakers use tax expenditures as tax incentives for economic development or to provide tax relief to taxpayers among many other reasons. Often these are in the form of sales or property tax exemptions that reduce and sometime eliminate the tax liability for some taxpayers. Common tax expenditures at the local government level include sales exemptions for nonprofit organizations, property tax exemptions for senior homeowners, and tax increment finance (TIF) districts. In principle, these tax benefits could be provided by direct budget appropriations, thus these provisions are referred to as tax expenditures. They represent tax revenues that would have been otherwise collected if not for this preferential treatment in the tax code. Like direct government expenditures, tax expenditures are an allocation of government revenue that are intended to support a particular policy outcome or encourage some type of activity. The value of a tax expenditure can be thought of as representing the amount of money that would be necessary to provide the same level of financial support in the form of a government grant instead of through the tax code. The presence of tax expenditures is not suggestive of bad tax policy and tax expenditures have long been part of our tax system. The District of Columbia (D.C.) notes a property tax exemption for nonprofits dating back to 1902. However, it is important to monitor the estimated current and future values associated with these tax provisions as they are reductions in tax revenue and their presence results in special treatment for some taxpayers relative to others. Furthermore, a tax expenditure report provides the ability to gauge the taxing autonomy of a local government – that is, the degree to which it has control over the exemptions against its own tax base. According to the 2012 U.S. Census of Governments, there were 90,056 local governments in the United States, with 43 percent designated as general-purpose governments and 57 percent as special-purpose districts. The taxing authority of these many local governments share the same tax base, and create a complex jurisdictional and taxing landscape where decisions of one jurisdiction can directly affect the revenue of other jurisdictions. The aim of this “how to” document is to assist local governments who choose to prepare a tax expenditure report themselves by providing them the practical resources and example methods to begin the process. Therefore, this document gives a general overview and theoretical background for preparing a local tax expenditure report with specific and practical examples drawn from the preparation of a local tax expenditure report for Fulton County, Georgia.
Strategic change and innovation reputation: Opening up the innovation process

Abstract As more firms begin to co-create new products with customers, a key question is, “Will opening the innovation process to customers always be beneficial?” This research examines how strategic change (e.g., closed to open innovation strategy) impacts the attitudes of the periphery of customers (i.e., customers not involved in the innovation process); and it further explores how a firm's innovation reputation can affect strategic change efforts. The results of two studies show that attitudes toward the firm improve when it moves from a closed to more open innovation strategy. This relationship is contingent on a firm's innovation reputation. When a firm has a high reputation for innovation, it should continue with its current strategy, whether open or closed. Conversely, having a low reputation for innovation indicates that any change of strategy is good in order to try to overcome negative perceptions of the firm's reputation.
Inflation, Openness, and Exchange-Rate-Regimes

This paper further tests Romer's (1993) extension of Kydland and Prescott's (1977) predictions for dynamic-inconsistency problems in open economies. In a panel data set of developed and developing countries from 1973 to 1998, I find that openness does not play a role in restricting inflation in the short-run. On the other hand, a fixed exchange-rate regime plays a significant role. The results are robust to controlling for other variables that determine inflation, performing sensitivity analysis, and using a de facto exchange-rate regime classification.
Direct Air Carbon Capture and Sequestration using a Novel Biomass and Cold Storage Process

We present and evaluate a process by which biomass is collected and transported to Antarctica where extreme cold temperatures will prevent its decay and store its carbon content indefinitely. Biomass collects CO2 during its growth process and then releases it when it decays or is otherwise consumed, this process aims to prevent that release. This novel approach will allow for extremely large amounts of CO2 to be captured and stored indefinitely, all with existing technology and within the very near future.
Correlates of Early Prenatal Care Access among U.S. Women: Data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS).

Objectives Early first trimester prenatal counseling could reduce adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Existing literature does not identify the length of time between suspecting pregnancy and attending their first prenatal visit. Identifying this potential window for change is critical for clinical practice, intervention programming and policy change. Methods The study sample was composed of women in the United States who responded to the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring Systems survey in 2016, for the following questions-when they first suspected pregnancy, when they attended their first prenatal visit, were they able to receive prenatal care as early as they wished, and perceived barriers to receiving prenatal care. Results On average, participants became certain they were pregnant at 6.0 (SE = 0.1) weeks gestation, while participants reported having their first prenatal care visit at 9.3 (SE = 0.1) weeks, with clear health disparities by race, age, WIC participation, education level, and marital status. About 15% of women reported not receiving prenatal care as early as they wished. Structural or financial barriers in the health care system were common: 38.1% reported that no appointments available, 28.2% reported not having money or insurance to pay for the visit, 27.3% reported that the doctor or health plan would not start care, and 22.5% reported not having a Medicaid card. Conclusions for practice This study illustrates a window for opportunity to provide earlier prenatal care, which would facilitate earlier implementation of prenatal counseling. Strategies to address barriers to care on the patient, provider and systemic levels, particularly among vulnerable population groups, are warranted. WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT?: Seeking prenatal care early is associated with better health outcomes for women and infants. A window of opportunity exists between suspecting pregnancy and attending a first prenatal visit. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS?: Clear health disparities were apparent in both recognizing their pregnancies, and receiving early prenatal care by race, age, WIC participation, education level, and marital status. About 15% of women reported not receiving prenatal care as early as they wished, and many attributed this later care to structural or financial barriers in the health care system.
Adaptive Folk Theorization as a Path to Algorithmic Literacy on Changing Platforms

The increased importance of opaque, algorithmically-driven social platforms (e.g., Facebook, YouTube) to everyday users as a medium for self-presentation effectively requires users to speculate on how platforms work in order to decide how to behave to achieve their self-presentation goals. This speculation takes the form of folk theorization. Because platforms constantly change, users must constantly re-evaluate their folk theories. Based on an Asynchronous Remote Community study of LGBTQ+ social platform users with heightened self-presentation concerns, I present an updated model of the folk theorization process to account for platform change. Moreover, I find that both the complexity of the user's folk theorization and their overall relationship with the platform impact this theorization process, and present new concepts for examining and classifying these elements: theorization complexity level and perceived platform spirit. I conclude by proposing a folk theorization-based path towards an extensible algorithmic literacy that would support users in ongoing theorization.
Data Requirements for Valuation of Children’s Health Effects and Alternatives to Valuation

Appropriate characterization and valuation of the health risks specific to children is important for effective environmental health risk management. This paper highlights the typical information provided by risk analysts about risks to children and the information needs of economic analysts. Particular emphasis is given to transparency in risk characterization (Browner, 1995) and the required assumptions to bridge the data and knowledge gaps. This paper also provides strategies intended to promote discussion and cooperation between risk and economic analysts, including a list of questions to ensure that key issues are discussed in advance of and during the risk assessment process. Finally, the paper provides an example of coordinated risk and economic analyses that characterized and valued risks and benefits for children.
Political Sociology and Anthropology in Education

Political Sociology is the study of power in a social setting. Political sociology explores the everyday experiences of people and the shaping of their economic position in a particular society, and the world economy that molds most political issues. Anthropology gives this analysis a historical and cross-cultural reference point, supplementing sociology. We professors must engage in seditious sabotage within the ranks of the university and call everything into question, including higher education. We must explore the historical and sociological roots of all academic departments. We must examine who benefits and who doesn’t by the underlying assumptions. We must ask, “How does what we teach fit into the ideology of hegemony?” Education that is not subversive is not education.
Distribution of radioactivity and metabolism of formic acid 2-(4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-14C-2-thiazolyl)hydrazide following oral administration to rats and mice.

Summary Formic acid 2-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]hydrazide (FNT) has demonstrated carcinogenic activity in rats and mice, inducing high incidences of kidney and breast tumors in rats and forestomach tumors and lymphocytic leukemia in mice. Tumors of other organs were also induced in lower incidences. The excretion patterns in rats and mice were essentially similar when FNT was administered intragastrically, with a majority of the radioactivity excreted within 24 hr in the urine and less in the feces after 24 hr. Very little was expired as 14 CO 2 and less than 2.5% of the radioactivity was left in the animal after 96 hr. The tissue distribution of the radioactivity in rats demonstrated the highest concentrations in the kidney and forestomach of the rat and mouse, respectively. Concentrations in the rat breast and mouse thymus and spleen were comparable to the levels in the carcass, while levels in other tissues were similar to or somewhat higher than those in the carcass. When the urine from these animals was chromatographed on Whatman No. 1 paper and developed with methanol:butanol:benzene:water:glacial acetic acid (40:20:20:20:1), the radioactivity with an R F corresponding to the original chemical was less than 10% (usually 2 to 5%) of the total activity in the urine. This suggested that the chemical was metabolized before being excreted in the urine. After administration of FNT intragastrically at 0, 4, and 8 hr to weanling female rats, the rats were killed at 12 hr and the kidneys and liver were fractionated by ultracentrifugation. Distribution of radioactivity in the nuclear, mitochondrial, microsomal, and cytosol fractions was 28.4, 14.6, 5.7, and 51.2% and 20.2, 8.0, 3.4, and 68.4% in liver and kidney, respectively. When the cytosol fraction was chromatographed on Sephadex G-25 columns, 51.4% of the radioactivity appeared in the macromolecular peak from kidney and 19.8% appeared from liver. Comparable amounts of cytosol radioactivity were precipitated by cold trichloroacetic acid. When the labeled chemical was added to “cold” homogenate, greater than 90% of the radioactivity appeared in the cytosol fraction of kidney and liver and none appeared in the macromolecular peak when chromatographed on Sephadex G-25 columns. These data suggest that FNT interacts with kidney and liver macromolecules and that it must be metabolized before the interaction can occur. They synthesis of FNT is described.