cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Touch Media: Investigating the Effects of Remote Touch on Music-based Emotion Elicitation

Touch is a contextual medium for affect conveyance. It is difficult to assign specific meanings to each instance of touch in isolation. However, when engaged within context, touch becomes a powerful and indispensable means for humans to convey feelings of love, concern, and sympathy. This paper explores how remote touch may influence one's affective experience of music, and how this experience is dependent on the relationship between the originator and recipient of the touch. For our study, we designed: (1) A mediated touch system that provides kinesthetic touches through an armband device that is controlled by changes in force applied to an input device, and (2) A touch-media system by which one can record and playback a co-temporal stream of touches with a track of music. We examined: (1) How remote touch may influence a touch recipient's experience of the music, and (2) how the recipients' affective experiences may depend on whether the touch is believed to be generated by intimates (familiar touch) versus by a music performer as part of a performance (unfamiliar touch)? Our study's results revealed that there is a significant correlation between the conditions (familiar, unfamiliar, and no touches) and song types (happy, sad) in both positive and negative affective experiences.
Connective Insecurities: Chokepoint Pragmatics at India's Chicken Neck

This article rethinks the relationship between connectivity and security through an ethnography of India's notorious Siliguri Corridor – the ‘Chicken's Neck’. This narrow stretch of territory funne...
Designing AI-Based Feedback for Ballet Learning

Since its codified genesis in the 18th century, ballet training has largely been unchanged: it relies on the word of mouth expertise passed down generation to generation and on tools that do not adequately support both dancers and teachers. Moreover, top-tier training comes at an exceptional price and only found in a few locations around the world. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI)-based video tools could represent an affordable and non-invasive alternative: they would allow dancers and teachers to quantitatively self-assess as well as enable skilled ballet teachers to connect with a wider audience. In my dissertation research, I study how to design and evaluate AI-based tools for ballet dancers and teachers to quantify performance and facilitate learning.
Progress in the diagnosis and treatment of hereditary nephrolithiasis and/or nephrocalcinosis in children

Hereditary nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis in children is a rare disease, the incidence of which is not clear for the time being.Due to the lack of typical symptoms and signs, missed diagnosis, misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis are very common, some patients have already progressed to end-stage renal disease by the time of definite diagnosis.With the rapid development of molecular diagnostic technology, considerable progress have been made in this kind of disease.This article summarizes the disease classification and recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of hereditary nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis in children, aiming at improving clinicians′ understanding of this kind of disease and providing help for its early diagnosis and treatment. Key words: Nephrolithiasis; Nephrocalcinosis; Children
Structural defects caused by Acrodermatitis Enteropathica mutations in the extracellular domain account for mistrafficking and malfunction of ZIP4

Abstract ZIP4 is a representative member of the Zrt-/Irt-like protein (ZIP) transporter family and responsible for zinc uptake from diet. Loss-of-function mutations of human ZIP4 (hZIP4) drastically reduce zinc absorption, causing a life-threatening autosomal recessive disorder, Acrodermatitis Enteropathica (AE). Although the zinc transport machinery is located in the transmembrane domain conserved in the entire ZIP family, half of the missense mutations occur in the extracellular domain (ECD) of hZIP4, which is only present in a fraction of mammalian ZIPs. How the AE-causing mutations in the ECD lead to ZIP4 malfunction has not be fully clarified. In this work, we characterized all the seven confirmed AE-causing missense mutations in hZIP4-ECD and found that the variants exhibited completely abolished zinc transport activity measured in a cell-based transport assay. Although the variants were able to be expressed in HEK293T cells, they failed to traffic to cell surface and were largely retained in the ER with immature glycosylation. When the corresponding mutations were introduced in the ECD of ZIP4 from Pteropus Alecto, a close homolog of hZIP4, the variants exhibited impaired protein folding and reduced thermal stability, which likely account for intracellular mistrafficking of the AE-associated variants and as such a total loss of zinc uptake in cells. This work provides a molecular pathogenic mechanism for AE, which lays out a basis for potential therapy using small molecular chaperones.
Explicit Construction of Multiple Access Channel Resolvability Codes from Source Resolvability Codes

We show that the problem of code construction for multiple access channel resolvability can be reduced to the simpler problem of code construction for source resolvability. Specifically, we propose a multiple access channel resolvability coding scheme that involves randomness recycling, implemented via distributed hashing, and block-Markov encoding, where each encoding block is obtained as a combination of several source resolvability codes. Our construction is independent of the way the source resolvability codes are implemented and yields explicit coding schemes that achieve the multiple access channel resolvability region for an arbitrary discrete memoryless multiple access channel whose input alphabets are binary.
Synergistic Effect of Sulfur-rich Copolymer/S8 and Carbon Host Porosity in Li-S Batteries

Abstract In this work, we investigate the possible role of host material porosity in performance of Li-S batteries, when sulfur-rich copolymer is used as an active ingredient in the cathode. We synthesized a freestanding cathode material using electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and poly(sulfur-random-1,3-diisopropenylbenzene)/SDIB (with some residual unreacted sulfur) and used it without adding any binders or current collectors. To study the effect of porosity of CNFs, two different porous samples, microporous (miCNF) and mesoporous (meCNF), were designed. When miCNF was used as a host material, the capacity stabilized to 577 mAh/g within 50 cycles and remained stable up to 600 cycles with a small capacity decay rate of 0.046% per cycle along with an excellent coulombic efficiency of >98% throughout the 600 cycles. On the other hand, SDIB-meCNF cathodes delivered a stable capacity of ~600 mAh/g with negligible decay. However, the stability only lasted for 145 cycles. Despite the positive effect of C-S bond formed in SDIB active material, we hypothesize that the porosity of the cathode host still plays a significant role not only due to residual unreacted S8 in the original cathode, but also due to additional loose soluble -Sn- chains that emerge from S-S bond breakage in C-S-Sn-S-C (SDIB) over the course of cycling. Moreover, using the effective capacity calculation, we compared the discharge capacity of our cathode to other works on sulfur rich copolymers at C/2 and C/5 rates. The effective capacity analysis clearly manifests the advantages of using current-collector and binder-free electrospun CNFs as a host matrix for SDIB.
Sorption of rare-earth elements onto a ligand-associated media for pH-dependent extraction and recovery of critical materials

Abstract Toward recovering rare-earth elements, we prepared a solid-phase media that binds and elutes metals for extraction and enrichment. We report the synthesis and methodology for a solid-phase media that exhibits pH-dependent binding of aqueous rare-earth elements. The media shows pH-dependent binding of NdIII and retains efficiency over at least six cycles of binding and elution. Mixed solutions of rare-earth elements demonstrated a preference for mid and heavy rare-earth elements based on thermodynamic binding preferences of the ligand, and selectivity for rare-earth elements over iron and aluminum were observed with coal fly ash leachate. We expect this new recovery method to be a significant step towards aqueous-based extraction and enrichment of critically important rare-earth elements.
Learning-Based Beamforming for Multi-User Vehicular Communications: A Combinatorial Multi-Armed Bandit Approach

There is an urgent need to support high data rate among connected vehicles for both safety and infotainment purposes. However, high rate for vehicular communications is impacted by several challenges such as optimal beam tracking for multiple simultaneous-transmitting vehicles in highly-dynamic environments. In this paper, we aim to maximize the overall network throughput for multi-vehicular communications. We propose a reinforcement learning (RL) approach called combinatorial multi-armed bandit (CMAB) framework, where multiple arms (i.e., actions) form a super arm and can be played together, to handle the beam selection problem in a vehicular network. More specifically, we propose an adaptive combinatorial Thompson sampling algorithm, namely adaptive CTS, that CMAB embodies for appropriate selection of simultaneous beams in a high-mobility vehicular environment. The proposed approach applies the smart exploration-exploitation trade-off for the fast selection of beams. As the proposed adaptive CTS scheme produces a higher complexity over the search space which increases exponentially with the number of user, we also propose a sequential Thompson sampling (TS) algorithm where beam selection is performed in a one-by-one manner. We analyze the regret bounds for the proposed beam tracking algorithms. The performance of the proposed strategies are evaluated for multi-vehicle millimeter-wave (mmWave) simulation environments. Our results suggest that the proposed sequential approach performs almost similar to the simultaneous adaptive CTS scheme for tracking optimal beams in a multi-vehicular network with much reduced complexity. Simulation results also show that both of our proposed strategies approach the optimal achievable rate achieved by the genie-aided solution.
Anisotropic magnetocaloric effect in Fe 3-x GeTe 2 .

We present a comprehensive study on anisotropic magnetocaloric porperties of the van der Waals weak-itinerant ferromagnet Fe3−xGeTe2 that features gate-tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism in few-layer device. Intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy is observed to be temperature-dependent and most likely favors the long-range magnetic order in thin Fe3−xGeTe2 crsytal. The magnetic entropy change ΔSM also reveals an anisotropic characteristic between H//ab and H//c, which could be well scaled into a universal curve. The peak value $$-\Delta {S}_{M}^{{\max }}$$ of 1.20 J kg−1 K−1 and the corresponding adiabatic temperature change ΔTad of 0.66 K are deduced from heat capacity with out-of-plane field change of 5 T. By fitting of the field-dependent parameters of $$-\Delta {S}_{M}^{{\max }}$$ and the relative cooling power RCP, it gives $$-{\rm{\triangle }}{S}_{M}^{{\max }}$$ ∝ Hn with n = 0.603(6) and RCP ∝ Hm with m = 1.20(1) when H//c. Given the high and tunable Tc, Fe3−xGeTe2 crystals are of interest for fabricating the heterostructure-based spintronics device.
Proangiogenic Collagen Binding Glycan Therapeutic Promotes Endothelial Cell Health: Potential Application for the Treatment of Ischemic Wounds

Peripheral artery disease and endothelial cell dysfunction due to diabetes contribute to impaired neovascularization and poor healing of ischemic wounds. Treatments addressing this underlying ischemia that remain effective in the highly proteolytic diabetic wound environment are urgently needed to increase the rate of wound healing and reduce diabetes-related lower-limb amputations. Our lab has previously designed a collagen-targeted glycan therapeutic (DS-SILY) capable of protecting collagen-based scaffolds from matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) mediated degradation. Building upon this targeted technology, we designed the next generation glycan therapy, termed LXW7-DS-SILY (LDS), to also contain proangiogenic capabilities. By exploiting αvβ3 integrin-mediated VEGF signaling using our previously identified αvβ3 integrin targeted peptide (LXW7), we propose an alternative strategy to overcome shortcomings of traditional growth factor therapy. In this study, we describe the synthesis and optimization of LDS variants and evaluate their angiogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. LDS displayed binding to collagen and endothelial cells. In vitro, the LDS variant with 6 LXW7 peptides increased endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tubule formation through increased VEGFR2 phosphorylation compared to non-treated controls. In vivo in a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, LDS laden collagen hydrogels increased blood vessel formation by 43% in comparison to organism matched blank hydrogels. Overall, these findings demonstrate the potential of a robust proangiogenic targeted therapeutic for the treatment of ischemic diabetic wounds.
Whistling Past the Graveyard: Dodd-Frank Whistleblower Programs Dodge Bullets Fighting Financial Crime

The United States’ reaction to the 2008 Financial Crisis, which caused global ramifications, included the passage of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act to address a lack of oversight and accountability in the financial industry. Among its provisions, Dodd-Frank provided incentives for whistleblowers to report misconduct and protections for those who do. Despite its success, Dodd-Frank’s whistleblower programs face internal and external challenges that threaten their success. This Article discusses the current climate surrounding corporate accountability and suggests additional protections for whistleblowers and whistleblower actions: allowing private lawsuits against the government under Dodd-Frank’s whistleblower provisions, similar to those allowed under the False Claims Act.
The Association Between Clopidogrel and Gastrointestinal Bleeding After Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Anticoagulation after total joint arthroplasty has been demonstrated to reduce venous thromboembolism. However, anticoagulation can lead to adverse bleeding events. The purpose of this study was to assess if an association exists between specific anticoagulation modalities, such as clopidogrel, and postoperative gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Methods A prospective cohort of Medicare patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty from 2017 to 2019 (3535 patients) was retrospectively reviewed. The baseline characteristics and anticoagulation methods were compared between the “GI bleed” cohort and the “non-GI bleed cohort.” Independent t-tests were conducted for continuous variables, while chi-squared analysis was conducted for dichotomous variables. Results Thirteen patients (0.42%) sustained a postoperative complication of a GI bleed. The mean age for patients sustaining a GI bleed was 69.23 years compared with 72.30 years for the non-GI bleed cohort (P = .11). Six patients who sustained a GI bleed (46%) were on an anticoagulation therapy other than aspirin, and this trended toward significance (P = .09). Five patients who sustained a GI bleed (38%) were on clopidogrel (P Conclusion Patients on clopidogrel in the acute perioperative period demonstrated a strong association with the complication of postoperative GI bleeding. Arthroplasty surgeons should be aware of this association to educate and monitor patients on clopidogrel therapy and to work as part of interdisciplinary teams to assess the risks vs benefits of perioperative clopidogrel.
What You Net Depends on if You Grab: A Meta-analysis of Sampling Method's Impact on Measured Aquatic Microplastic Concentration.

Microplastic pollution is measured with a variety of sampling methods. Field experiments indicate that commonly used sampling methods, including net, pump and grab samples, do not always result in equivalent measured concentration. We investigate the comparability of these methods through a meta-analysis of over one hundred surface water microplastic studies. We find systematic relationships between measured concentration and sampled volume, method of collection, mesh size used for filtration, and water body sampled. Most significantly, a strong log-linear relationship exists between sample volume and measured concentration, with small-volume grab samples measuring up to 10^4 particles/L higher concentrations than larger volume net samples, even when sampled concurrently. Potential biases explored included filtration size (±10^2 particles/L), net volume overestimation (±10^1 particles/L), fiber loss through net mesh (unknown magnitude), and intersample variability (±10^1 particles/L). Contamination is the one potential bias with an effect large enough (±10^3 particles/L) to explain the observed differences. Based on these results, we caution the practice of comparing concentrations across multiple studies or combining multiple study results to identify regional patterns. Additionally, we reiterate previous recommendations emphasizing the importance of contamination reduction strategies, namely that blank samples be collected, tested, and reported as a matter of course for such studies.
Waveform Optimization for Near-Field Wireless Powered Communication Using a Coil Array

Driven by the growing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, there is a pressing need for powering devices wirelessly while communicating with them. This paper considers wireless powered communication (WPC) using near-field inductive coupling, a technique to communicate with remote devices that do not have batteries or a power supply. While near-field WPC has long been used for passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems, the performances of communication and power transfer have not been fully analyzed. This paper models near-field WPC using a coil array based on an abstract circuit model in which the characteristics of mutual coupling and other linear effects are captured by a small number of parameters. We investigate how the choices of load impedances and source voltages affect the performance of power transfer and communication. The improvement in power and information transfer are verified by simulation.
Outcomes in AML patients receiving HMA + venetoclax combination with prior HMA exposure.

e19011Background: Venetoclax (Ven) is a BCL-2 inhibitor approved in combination with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) in newly diagnosed AML patients who are not candidates for intensive induction bas...
The Federal Reserve’s move to an explicit inflation target: incremental policy shifts in techno-political institutions

This paper analyzes the US Federal Reserve (Fed)’s landmark 2012 decision to adopt an explicit inflation target for the first time in its history. The paper focuses on explaining the dynamics of th...
Beyond Extra-Role Security Behaviors in Large Corporate Settings: The Case of 'Tribal Security'

In this research, we intended to investigate the nature of employee extra-role security behaviors. Extra role security behaviors are security actions that may seem to go beyond requirements and limitations of established security policies. In our field study, we expected to investigate how employees might sometimes take steps beyond the requirements of the organizational-level security policy in order to facilitate effective workgroup operation and to assist less-skilled colleagues. What we learned, instead, was that there are at least two different ways in which security is viewed in firms, and only one of them is accessible to company management. So, while we set out to understand extra-role security behaviors in a qualitative scenario with a Fortune 500 company, we instead learned of formal and informal security cultures operating in parallel and in isolation from each other within the firm. At the top, there was the formal company culture which is explicated in the Information Security Policy and serves as a mechanism of formal governance. In the workgroup we studied, however, there was an informal culture of "local security," which served to support workgroup efficacy and task cohesion; these workgroup security norms were not always in direct accordance with top-line company policy. This represents a juxtaposition of the security culture of the intimate close-knit workgroup, which we characterize as a "Tribe," in counterpoint to the formal security policies of the overall firm. Each of these security cultures is specific and well understood by its separate proponents, but the distinctions between the two are important to understand as an aspect of security governance in large and complex organizations.
Special Issue on the Use of Foreign Language in Consumer Marketing

Welcome to this Special Issue of Journal of International Consumer Marketing! The first two articles of this issue address the topic of the use of foreign language in consumer marketing.This has be...
Parallel Computer Models and Combinatorial Algorithms

Publisher Summary The computer industry has experienced four generations of development over the past four decades, coming from components consisting of relays and vacuum-tubes to diodes and transistors, to small and medium scale integrated circuits and to large and very large scale integrated systems. This evolution is characterized by constant improvements in device speed and reliability, associated with reductions in hardware size and cost. This chapter discusses parallelism in terms of how it affects combinatorial algorithm design and complexity. It reviews issues concerning parallel computer models and architectures, such as classification schemes of parallel machines, communication issues in parallel processing, interconnection network models, and systolic devices. with the chapter focuses on the complexity theory and its extensions to synchronous parallel computation. The main concepts are the parallel computation thesis, solvability in polylog parallel time, and log-space completeness for P. The chapter presents several examples of parallel combinatorial algorithms, ranging from sorting and searching to graph theory, and NP-hard optimization problems.
Current strategy in the chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer.

Three decades of active treatment research have produced some important conclusions which may serve as a guide to future attempts to circumvent the inevitably fatal outcome portended by the appearance of dissemination.
Redefining disease emergence to improve prioritization and macro-ecological analyses.

Abstract Microbial infections are as old as the hosts they sicken, but interest in the emergence of pathogens and the diseases they cause has been accelerating rapidly. The term ‘emerging infectious disease’ was coined in the mid-1900s to describe changes in disease dynamics in the modern era. Both the term and the phenomena it is meant to characterize have evolved and diversified over time, leading to inconsistencies and confusion. Here, we review the evolution of the term ‘emerging infectious disease’ (EID) in the literature as applied to human hosts. We examine the pathways (e.g., speciation or strain differentiation in the causative agent vs. rapid geographic expansion of an existing pathogen) by which diseases emerge. We propose a new framework for disease and pathogen emergence to improve prioritization. And we illustrate how the operational definition of an EID affects conclusions concerning the pathways by which diseases emerge and the ecological and socioeconomic drivers that elicit emergence. As EIDs appear to be increasing globally, and resources for science level off or decline, the research community is pushed to prioritize its focus on the most threatening diseases, riskiest potential pathogens, and the places they occur. The working definition of emerging infectious diseases and pathogens plays a crucial role in prioritization, but we argue that the current definitions may be impeding these efforts. We propose a new framework for classifying pathogens and diseases as “emerging” that distinguishes EIDs from emerging pathogens and novel potential pathogens. We suggest prioritization of: 1) EIDs for adaptation and mitigation, 2) emerging pathogens for preventive measures, and 3) novel potential pathogens for intensive surveillance.
The Lead Controversy

To the Editor.— Dr Herbert Needleman9s frightful description of his investigative ordeal, unnecessary as it may have been, will hopefully serve as an eye opener to the scientific community. It reemphasizes that where there is money at stake there is advocacy language on both sides. Anyone can seriously attack any statistical risk assessment on the premise that if a compound has no effect on a given measurement, about 1 of 20 studies to report such an association would be on the basis of change.
Endogeneity in Financial Performance and Board Composition: The Case of Closed-End Funds

While research has documented that board of director composition may be important in certain agency-related situations, the impact of board composition on overall financial performance is not at all clear. One problem may be that board of director composition and financial performance are endogenously determined. Using causality tests in panel regressions with three years of data for 130 closed-end mutual funds, we find very limited evidence of endogeneity. We do find that prior financial performance impacts board composition, but the relation depends on how we define board composition. The evidence that board composition influences financial performance is very limited.
Sensory comparison of doughnuts fried in trans fat‐free oil to those fried in oil containing trans fats

This sensory analysis study sought to determine consumer preferences of two doughnut frying oils for the same trans fat-free yeast raised doughnut rings according to taste, texture, appearance, overall liking, color, moisture content and sweetness characteristics. Specifically, the aim was to indicate the acceptability of substituting trans fat-free oil based on the sensory characteristics of untrained consumer panelists. The doughnuts were fried in a trans fat and trans fat-free oil for testing, and the panelists were asked to rate each doughnut on various sensory attributes and indicate their preference of doughnut. There were no significant differences between the two doughnuts based on the appearance, taste, texture, sweetness, moisture content and overall liking. The doughnut fried in trans fat-free oil rated significantly different based on color where the doughnut was perceived slightly lighter in color than the trans fat version. Overall, the 107 out of 197 taste panelists preferred the trans fat-free doughnut to the regular version, while 18 out of 197 preferred both doughnuts equally. Based on these findings, the industry might consider using the trans fat-free versions of frying oils for frying doughnuts, pastries and other bakery items in order to reduce trans fats in foods and to lower heart disease in the American population.
Watermarking parametric representations for synthetic audio

This paper proposes to watermark parametric representations for synthetic audio. Our watermark system combines quantization index modulation at the encoder and maximum likelihood parameter estimation at the decoder. To guarantee error-free data hiding under expected types of attacks, knowledge of Fisher information and Cramer-Rao bounds is applied to the system design. Experiments show that, merely by quantizing the frequency of sinusoidal tones, one can achieve 50 b/s of data hiding that is robust to perceptually shaped additive attacks such as an MP3 compression.
First phase of small diameter heater experiments in tuff

As part of the Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations (NNWSI) project, we have undertaken small diameter heater experiments in the G-Tunnel Underground Facility on the Nevada Test Site (NTS). These experiments are to evaluate the thermal and hydrothermal behavior which might be encountered if heat producing nuclear waste were disposed of in welded and nonwelded tuffs. The two Phase I experiments discussed have focused on vertical borehole emplacements. In each experiment, temperatures were measured along the surface of the 10.2-cm-dia heater and the 12.7-cm-dia boreholes. For each experiment, measurements were compared with computer model representations. Maximum temperatures reached were: 196{sup 0}C for the welded tuff after 21 days of operations at 800W and 173{sup 0}C for the nonwelded tuff after 35 days of operations at 500W. Computed results indicate that the same heat transfer model (includes conduction and radiation only) can describe the behavior of both tuffs using empirical techniques to describe pore water vaporization. Hydrothermal measurements revealed heat-indiced water migration. Results indicated that small amounts of liquid water migrated into the welded tuff borehole early in the heating period. Once the rock-wall temperatures exceeded 94{sup 0}C, in both tuffs, there was mass transport of water vapor as evidence indicated condensation cooler regions. Borehole pressures remained essentially ambient during the thermal periods.
Evaluation of the effects of systemic treatment with a sclerostin neutralizing antibody on bone repair in a rat femoral defect model

Systemic administration of a sclerostin neutralizing antibody (Scl-Ab) has been shown to enhance fracture callus density and strength in several animal models. In order to further evaluate the potential of Scl-Ab to improve healing in a bone defect model,we evaluated Scl-Ab in a 3mm femoral defect in young male outbred rats. Scl-Ab was given either continuously for 6 or 12 weeks after surgery or with 2 weeks of delay for 10 weeks. Bone formation was assessed by radiographs, µ-CT, and histology. Complete bony union was achieved in only a few defects after 12 weeks of healing (Scl-Ab treated 5/30, vehicle treated 1/15). µ-CT evaluation demonstrated a significant increase in the BV/TV in the defect in the delayed treatment group (65%, p<0.05), but a non-significant increase in the continuous group (35%, p = 0.11) compared to control. However, both regimens induced an anabolic response in the bone proximal and distal to the defect and in the un-operated femurs. We demonstrate that treatment with Scl-Ab can enhance bone repair in a bone defect and in the surrounding host bone, but lacks the osteoinductive activity to heal it. This agent seems to be most effective in bone repair scenarios where there is cortical integrity.
Whose Stress is Making Me Sick? Network-stress and Emotional Distress in African-American Women

Research on stress-related health outcomes in African-American women often neglects "network-stress": stress related to events that occur to family, friends, or loved ones. Data from the African-American Women's Well-Being Study were analyzed to examine self-stress and network-stress for occurrence, perceived stressfulness, and association with symptoms of psychological distress. Women reported a higher number of network-stress events compared with self-stress events. Occurrences of network-stress were perceived as undesirable and bothersome as self-stress. Both types of stress were significantly associated with psychological distress symptoms. Including network-stress may provide a more complete picture of the stress experiences of African-American women.
Post liver biopsy hemobilia in a cirrhotic patient with portal hypertension and varices: the diagnostic role of ERCP

Hemobilia is a well recognized but rare complication of needle biopsy of the liver.,2 The classical triad of symptoms are gastrointestinal bleeding, biliary colic, and jaundice. Mortality in untreated hemobilia can be as high as 40%.3 We describe an unusual case of hemobilia that occurred in a cirrhotic patient following needle biopsy of the liver. Small bowel variceal bleeding was one of the diagnostic considerations, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) proved instrumental in establishing the correct diagnosis of hemobilia.
Membrane Phospholipid Control of Nucleotide Sensitivity of KATP Channels

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple cell metabolism to electrical activity. Phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) profoundly antagonized ATP inhibition of KATP channels when applied to inside-out membrane patches. It is proposed that membrane-incorporated PIPs can bind to positive charges in the cytoplasmic region of the channel's Kir6.2 subunit, stabilizing the open state of the channel and antagonizing the inhibitory effect of ATP. The tremendous effect of PIPs on ATP sensitivity suggests that in vivo alterations of membrane PIP levels will have substantial effects on KATP channel activity and hence on the gain of metabolism-excitation coupling.
Techniques for biological characterization of tissue-engineered tendon and ligament

Injuries to tendons and ligaments are prevalent and result in a significant decrease in quality of patient life. Tissue-engineering strategies hold promise as alternatives to current treatments for these injuries, which often fail to fully restore proper joint biomechanics and produce significant donor site morbidity. Commonly, tissue engineering involves the use of a three-dimensional scaffold seeded with cells that can be directed to form tendon/ligament tissue. When determining the success of such approaches, the viability and proliferation of the cells in the construct, as well as extracellular matrix production and structure should be taken into account. Histology and histochemistry, microscopy, colorimetric assays, and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are techniques that are employed to assess these biological characteristics. This review provides an overview of each of these methods, including specific examples of how they have been used in evaluation of tissue-engineered tendon and ligament tissue. Basic physical principles underlying each method and advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques are summarized.
Comparison of mandibular bone in normal and osteoporotic women

This study compared dental findings in normal and osteoporotic women and evaluated the variables that best separated the two groups. The osteoporotic group had less mandibular bone mass and density and a thinner cortex at the gonion than the normal group. The osteoporotic group also had a greater percentage of subjects who were edentulous. In subjects who had natural teeth, there was greater tooth loss. No differences in periodontal measurements were found between osteoporotic and normal groups. Mandibular bone mass and the number of teeth were statistically most effective for separating the populations. However, considerable overlap was found between the osteoporotic and normal groups in all variables.
DIURNAL VARIATION OF SURFACE PRESSURE OVER THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN

Abstract Data from the Ocean Vessel Stations have been used to determine for each month (1) the daily variations of mean surface pressure, (2) the 3-hour mean-pressure tendencies, and (3) the phases and amplitudes of the first three harmonics of the daily variations. Some implications of the results are discussed briefly.
Nonprofit mergers: Assessing the motivations and means

As nonprofit organizations seek to remain viable in an increasingly competitive environment, merger is an attractive (albeit complicated) option. This case study of the largest nonprofit association merger in U.S. history, involving three bowling associations, demonstrates the critical role of leadership in consummating a merger. The case illustrates a number of factors necessary to merger success: existence of a catalyst leader and a nucleus of like-minded individuals who can serve as the impetus for change, sufficient time to accommodate the psychological and practical aspects of merging, opportunities for building social capital among the people involved in the merger, and preservation of cultural remnants that are carried over from the predecessor organizations to the newly merged entity.
Model for Transition from Waves to Synchrony in the Olfactory Lobe of Limax

A biophysical model for the interactions between bursting (B) cells and nonbursting (NB) cells in the procerebral lobe of Limax is developed and tested. Phase-sensitivity of the NB cells is exhibited due to the strong inhibition from the rhythmically bursting B cells. Electrical and chemical junctions coupled with a parameter gradient lead to sustained periodic waves in the lobe. Excitatory interactions between the NB cells, which rarely fire, lead to stimulus evoked synchrony in the lobe oscillations. A novel calcium current is suggested to explain the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on the lobe. Gap junctions are shown both experimentally and through simulations to be required for the oscillating field potentials.
“A Hero . . . for the Weak”: Work, Consumption, and the Enfeebled Jewish Worker, 1881–1924

The view of New York Harbor was a welcome sight for Samuel Siegal, one of nearly two million Eastern European Jewish immigrants who arrived in the United States between 1881 and 1922. Gerald Sorin, A Time for Building: The Third Migration, 1880–1920 (Baltimore, 1992), 38–68; Samuel Joseph, Jewish Immigration to the United States from 1881–1910 (New York, 1969). For Siegal and his shipmates it was the end of an enfeebling boat journey as well as their first glimpse of the goldene medinah (golden land) they had heard and talked about so much in the Pale of Settlement (the region of Czarist Russia open to Jews). Like the overwhelming majority of his coreligionist immigrants, Siegal had traveled to the United States in steerage. There, he ate nearly inedible food—and then only when he was not too nauseated to swallow.
The Job Club Redux: A Step Forward in Addressing the Career Development Needs of Counselor Education Students

The career development needs of counselor education students beginning a professional job search have not been systematically explored. Although job clubs have been linked to positive outcomes, there is no empirical evidence that they meet the needs of this group. The purpose of this study was to examine how counselor education students viewed a proposed job club intervention using focus group data. The findings suggested that students had strong interest in a group that emphasized empowerment and collaboration, offered predictable social support, and provided training in specific job search skills. Implications for counselor education and career counseling practice are discussed.
Factors affecting stress placement for English nonwords include syllabic structure, lexical class, and stress patterns of phonologically similar words

Seventeen native English speakers participated in an investigation of language users' knowledge of English main stress patterns. First, they produced 40 two-syllable nonwords of varying syllabic structure as nouns and verbs. Second, they indicated their preference for first or second syllable stress of the same words in a perception task. Finally, they indicated words they considered to be phonologically similar to the nonwords. Analyses of variance on the production and perception data indicated that both syllabic structure and lexical class (noun or verb) had an effect on main stress assignment. In logistic regression analyses on the production and perception responses. predictions of stress placement made by (1) syllable structure, (2) lexical class, and (3) stress patterns of phonologically similar words all contributed significantly and uniquely to the prediction of main stress assignment. The results indicate that phonological theories of English word stress need to allow for multiple, competing, probabilistic factors in accounts of main stress placement including syllabic structure (most notably vowel length), lexical class, and stress patterns of phonologically similar words.
Sensitivity of chemical dissipative structures to external fields: Formation of propagating bands

Abstract Dissipative structures in chemical systems could be influenced by external fields. Here we consider the case in which propagating bands appear as a consequence of the field. This influence of the field is characterized by the ratio (E int kT ) 1 2 , in which E int is the energy of interaction. If we contrast this with the influence of the field in equilibrium systems, which is characterized by the ratio (E int kT ) ⪌ 1 , we see that nonequilibrium systems are sensitive to external fields.
Comparison of volumetric bone mineral density in the tibial region of interest for ACL reconstruction

Adequate tibial bone mineral density (BMD) is essential to soft tissue graft fixation during anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to compare volumetric bone plug density measurements at the tibial region of interest for ACL reconstruction using a standardized immersion technique and Archimedes' principle. Cancellous bone cores were harvested from the proximal, middle, and distal metaphyseal regions of the lateral tibia and from the standard tibial tunnel location used for ACL reconstruction of 18 cadaveric specimens. Proximal tibial cores displayed 32.6% greater BMD than middle tibial cores and 31.8% greater BMD than distal tibial cores, but did not differ from the BMD of the tibial tunnel cores. Correlational analysis confirmed that the cancellous BMD in the tibial tunnel related to the cancellous BMD of the proximal and distal lateral tibial metaphysis. In conjunction with its adjacent cortical bone, the cancellous BMD of the region used for standard tibial tunnel placement provides an effective foundation for ACL graft fixation. In tibia with poor BMD, bicortical fixation that incorporates cortical bone from the distal tibial tunnel region is recommended.
Refining the Clinical Spectrum of Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania: A Review of 74 Patients

Objective To refine the clinical spectrum of chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH). Methods From 1976 to 1996, 74 patients were diagnosed with CPH by Mayo Clinic neurologists. Data were collected on those cases. Results Of the 74 patients, 62% were women. Most (93%; 69/74) had strictly unilateral pain, 78% (53/68) had daily attacks, and 4% (2/47) had no autonomic features. The mean usual attack duration was 26 minutes, whereas the mean usual attack frequency was six per day. Three-quarters (30/40) had a consistent response to indomethacin, whereas 25% did not. In 34 patients, there were incomplete data concerning indomethacin response. Some (9/13) were able to stop indomethacin without headache recurrence. Few (2/25) stopped indomethacin because of side effects. Two patients had initial responses to indomethacin that did not persist. Oxygen was beneficial in three patients. Three surgically treatable cases of secondary CPH were identified. Conclusions Attack duration is the clinical feature that best distinguishes CPH from other trigeminal autonomic cephalgias. Although long-term therapy with indomethacin is generally well-tolerated, some patients who clinically appear to have CPH do not respond to indomethacin, and tachyphylaxis may develop in some cases. Some patients are able to stop indomethacin without headache recurrence, highlighting the importance of a trial of discontinuation. A consistent clinical profile and treatment response do not exclude the possibility of intracranial pathology.
Investigation of the Mechanism of Electroless Deposition of Copper on Functionalized Alkanethiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers Adsorbed on Gold

We have investigated the reaction pathways involved in the unseeded electroless deposition of copper on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) adsorbed on Au, using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. At 22 °C copper deposits on both −CH3 and −COOH terminated SAMs. No copper deposition is observed on −OH terminated SAMs because the hydroxyl terminal groups react with formaldehyde in the plating solution, forming an acetal which prevents Cu deposition. At higher deposition temperatures (45 °C), no Cu is observed to deposit on −CH3 terminated SAMs because Cu2+ ions are not stabilized on the SAM surface. Copper complexes are still able to form with the −COOH terminal group at 45 °C, and so copper continues to be deposited on −COOH terminated SAMs. Copper also penetrates through −CH3 and −COOH terminated SAMs to the Au/S interface, suggesting that soft deposition techniques do not prevent the penetration of low-to-moderate reactivity metals through o...
Optimal scheduling policies and the performance of the CDF scheduling

We seek to characterize the performance of scheduling policies for wireless systems that are based on Cumulative Density Functions (CDF) of the channels. We first derive optimal scheduling policies for a two-user system under max-sum rate and max-min rate performance criteria subject to the same temporal resource constraints as those under CDF-based policies. The behaviors of the CDF schemes are then compared against those of the optimal policies. We illustrate the differences in scheduling decision boundaries as well as the sub-optimality in rate performance of the CDF-based policies.
Government and the Cost of Exchange in History

A general transaction cost framework is developed to analyze the costs of exchange and the role of government in the costs of exchange. Three general types of exchange are specified: personal exchange, exchange without third-party enforcement, and exchange with third-party enforcement. The framework is then employed to analyze government and the costs of exchange in history.
Electron transfer at n-silicon ∣ methanol interfaces: effects of ferricenium pretreatment and silicon dioxide overlayers

Abstract Previous studies have shown that electron transfer rate constants for a bimolecular reaction between conduction band electrons and solution acceptors can be obtained at the n-Si ∣ methanol interface [A.M. Fajardo, N.S. Lewis, Science 274 (1996) 969]. These rate constants (derived from current–potential curves) and band edge positions (derived from interfacial capacitance measurements) are shown to depend on the length of exposure to solutions containing either ferricenium cations or cyclopentadienide anions. Surprisingly, the effects of these pretreatments are reversed when the electrodes are removed from solution. Catalyzed binary reaction sequence chemistry was used to fabricate n-Si electrodes with silicon dioxide overlayers with thicknesses ranging from 13 to 49 A. Initiation of the growth process by a water plasma resulted in changes to the n-Si surface region producing highly non-ideal electrochemical behavior, which prevented the measurement of electron transfer rate constants at the oxide covered electrodes. Electrodeposition of silver on these electrodes demonstrated that the oxide contained pinholes that accommodated Faradaic current flow.
Strategies Used by Teens Growing up in Families with Huntington Disease.

The purpose of this study was to identify helpfulness of strategies used by teens growing up in families with Huntington disease (HD). Forty-four participants responded to a mailed HD Family Survey-Teens Strategies. Strategies were those with strong positive correlation between use and perceived helpfulness, and those with negative or inverse relationships. Obtaining information, thinking about or doing something else, and actions on behalf of the parent with HD were rated as highest use and perceived helpfulness. Emotional suppression had high use but low helpfulness. Participants reported using numerous helpful strategies. Social support was often unavailable to help manage teen concerns.