cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates the phosphorylation of two acidic membrane proteins of 42,000 and 48,000 daltons in rat colonocytes: an effect modulated by vitamin D status.

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25(OH)2D3) rapidly stimulated membrane polyphosphoinositide breakdown and increased intracellular calcium, as well as activated protein kinase C (PKC) in vitamin D-sufficient rat colonocytes. These effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 were, however, lost in vitamin D-insufficient rats and restored by the in vivo repletion of 1,25(OH)2D3. In the present studies we have examined the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to stimulate the phosphorylation of colonic membrane proteins in intact D-sufficient cells. In addition, we investigated the effects of vitamin D status on the phosphorylation of these membrane proteins in broken cell preparations. These studies demonstrated that 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the phosphorylation of at least two colonic membrane proteins with apparent molecular weights of 42,000 (pp42) and 48,000 (pp48) in intact cells of vitamin D-sufficient rats. Moreover, in vitamin D-sufficient rats, treatment of colonocytes with 1,25(OH)2D3 or 12-Otertradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), a known activator of PKC, significantly increased the phosphorylation of pp42 and pp48 in broken cell preparations. The kinetics of these phosphorylations in response to 1,25(OH)2D3 were both rapid and transient. In addition, PKC19–36, a specific PKC inhibitor, decreased the phosphorylation of pp42 and pp48, whereas okadaic acid (OA), a type 1 and 2A protein phosphatase inhibitor, further augmented their phosphorylation in response to 1,25(OH)2D3. The isoelectric points of pp42 and pp48 were 5.79 and 5.97, respectively, and both were predominantly phosphorylated on threonine residues. In contrast to our findings in colonocytes from vitamin D-sufficient animals, basal phosphorylation of pp42 and pp48 were increased in membranes prepared from vitamin D-insufficient rats. Moreover, these phosphorylations failed to change in response to 1,25(OH)2D3-treatment of colonocytes from vitamin D-insufficient rats. The basal phosphorylation of each of these proteins was restored to control levels, as was their ability to respond to the direct addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 following the in vivo repletion of vitamin D-insufficient rats with this secosteroid. In summary, we have identified two acidic membrane proteins from rat colonocytes that are phosphorylated in both intact and broken cell preparations in response to 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment, an event modulated by vitamin D status and mediated, at least in part, by PKC. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Modeling of energy distributions for plasma implantation

Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) has significant advantages over conventional implantation in high dose and low energy implant applications. One potential drawback is the poly-energetic nature of pulsed PIII implantation. The contribution of low energy ions to the total implant dose has been computed for pulsed PIII. An analytical approach allows the extraction of the scaling of the dose of the low energy with the implant parameters. The developed models allow the engineering of the rise times, fall times, total pulse time, pulsing frequency, and plasma ion density to minimize the implant energy spread, while maximizing the dose rate.
A flow cytometric assay for the study of E3 ubiquitin ligase activity

Current methods for monitoring E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in cell culture or in vivo are limited. As a result, the degradation of cellular targets by many E3 ubiquitin ligases in live cells has not yet been examined. For this study, a target of an E3 ubiquitin ligase was expressed as a fluorescently labeled protein in cell culture. If the E3 ubiquitin ligase mediates the degradation of a target protein in cell culture, it is expected that the target will show a reduced fluorescence signal by FCM analysis. We initially used the E3 ubiquitin ligase, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) and one of its targets, promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein, to determine the feasibility of our approach. Cells expressing a PML-GFP fusion protein were selected by cell sorting and infected with an adenoviral vector expressing ICP0. In contrast to mock-infected cells, only PML-GFP-expressing cells infected with the ICP0 adenoviral vector led to a significant decrease in the fluorescence signal of PML-GFP when examined by fluorescence microscopy and FCM analysis. Our results suggest that it is possible to examine the live activity of an E3 ubiquitin ligase (via one of its targets) in cell culture by FCM analysis. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
AlPO 4- supported rhodium catalysts V. Liquid phase hydrogenation of cycloalkenes

Abstract Liquid phase catalytic hydrogenations of cyclic alkenes, cyclopentene (C5), cyclohexene (C6), cycloheptene (C7) and cyclooctene (C8), on rhodium catalysts supported on two AlPO 4 (F and P) samples prepared by different methods, have been studied, as has an AlPO 4 -SiO 2 system (E), at several rhodium loadings (0.25 – 1 wt%) under an initial hydrogen pressure of 0.55 MPa, at temperatures between 293 and 323 K and with methanol as solvent. The hydrogenation rates were in the order C5 > C6 > C7 > C8, independent of catalysts or metal loading, and the activity on each substrate was very different, depending on the catalyst involved. Thus, the sequence Rh/F > Rh/P ~- Rh/E was obtained. The values of relative reactivities between C6 and C8, R C6, C8 , were very close to unity, although the values of the relative adsorption constants, K C8, C6 , were in the range 2–10 depending on the catalyst, which was in the sequence Rh/F > Rh/P > Rh/E. Apparent activation energies, E a , and Arrhenius constants, A, were obtained, and the existence of a linear correlation between 1g A and E a , known as the “compensation effect”, was determined.
Sulfanilamide, Specific Gravity of Eggs and an Interaction

Abstract THE average thickness of the egg shell is reduced when sulfanilamide is added to a laying hen’s diet (Scott et al., 1945). Because of this fact, it might be argued that it would be desirable to select for egg shell thickness under the adverse condition of having sulfanilamide in the feed. The rationale would be that a breeder would be selecting hens that would lay eggs with thick shells under adverse conditions, as well as under more favorable conditions. However, one has to guard against the possibility that the “best” hens selected for thick egg shell under the sulfanilamide regime might not have the thickest egg shells when fed a normal diet. An interaction effect, hens × diets, would indicate that such a condition exists. This paper describes some effects of adding sulfanilamide to the diet and presents evidence for an interaction effect involving the specific gravity of eggs. METHODS …
The kinetics of formation and structure of the low-temperature phase of 1-stearoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine

Abstract A combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction have been used to study the kinetics of formation and the structure of the low-temperature phase of 1-stearoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (18:0-lysoPC). For water contents greater than 40 weight %, DSC shows a sharp endothermic transition at 27°C ( Δ H = 6.75 kcal / mol) corresponding to a low-temperature phase → micelle transition. This sharp transition is not reversible, but is regenerated in a time and temperature-dependent manner. For example, with incubation at 0°C the maximum transition enthalpy ( Δ H = 6.75 kcal / mol) is generated in about 45 min after an initial slow nucleation process of approx. 20 min. The kinetics of formation of the low-temperature phase is accelerated at lower temperatures and may be related to the disruption of 18:0-lysoPC micelles by ice crystal formation. X-ray diffraction patterns of 18:0-lysoPC recorded at 10°C over the hydration range 20–80% are characteristics of a lamellar gel phase with tilted hydrocarbon chains with the bilayer repeat distance increasing from 47.6 A at 20% hydration to a maximum of 59.4 A at 39% hydration. At this maximum hydration, approx. 19 molecules of water are bound per molecule of 18:0-lysoPC. Electron density profiles show a phosphate-phosphate distance of 30 A, indicating an interdigitated lamellar gel phase for 18:0-lysoPC at all hydration values. The angle of chain tilt is calculated to be between 20 and 30°. For water contents greater than 40%, this interdigitated lamellar phase converts to the micellar phase at 27°C in a kinetically fast process, while the reverse (micelle → interdigitated bilayer) transition is a kinetically slower process (see also Wu, W. and Huang, C. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 5068–5073).
The ecological validity of laboratory and analogue assessment methods of ADHD symptoms

An important question in the attempt to generalize laboratory findings on attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children to clinical issues concerning their assessment, diagnosis, outcome, and treatment response is the ecological validity of the commonly used tasks and analogue behavioral observation procedures. This paper examines the concept of ecological validity and issues inherent in its evaluation. The evidence from a variety of sources is then reviewed on the relationship between laboratory methods of assessing inattention, impulsivity, and overactivity and measures of these same constructs in natural settings. Additional findings pertaining to this issue from a recent study of 140 ADHD and normal children and 159 ADHD and normal adolescents using a multimethod battery of tests are also reported. In general, the ecological validity of most methods is of a low to moderate degree, with some traditional laboratory tasks proving unsatisfactory. A few tasks demonstrated acceptable degrees of ecological validity but even these require improvement. It is concluded that future advances in ecological validity are likely to come from: (a) a greater reliance on assessments of the target behaviors in natural settings and (b) combining several of the more promising tasks and analogue methods into a battery that is taken over longer time intervals than has been customary and averaged across repeated administrations.
Updated estimate of trans fat intake by the US population

The dietary intake of industrially-produced trans fatty acids (IP-TFA) was estimated for the US population (aged 2 years or more), children (aged 2-5 years) and teenage boys (aged 13-18 years) using the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) food consumption database, market share information and trans fat levels based on label survey data and analytical data for packaged and in-store purchased foods. For fast foods, a Monte Carlo model was used to estimate IP-TFA intake. Further, the intake of trans fat was also estimated using trans fat levels reported in the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 22 (SR 22, 2009) and the 2003-2006 NHANES food consumption database. The cumulative intake of IP-TFA was estimated to be 1.3 g per person per day (g/p/d) at the mean for the US population. Based on this estimate, the mean dietary intake of IP-TFA has decreased significantly from that cited in the 2003 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) final rule that established labelling requirements for trans fat (4.6 g/p/d for adults). Although the overall intake of IP-TFA has decreased as a result of the implementation of labelling requirements, individuals with certain dietary habits may still consume high levels of IP-TFA if certain brands or types of food products are frequently chosen.
Superconducting instabilities in the large-U limit of a generalized Hubbard model.

We study a generalized Hubbard model in the $U=\ensuremath{\infty}$ limit with use of the slave-boson technique. The $N=\ensuremath{\infty}$ theory describes a Fermi liquid with a strongly renormalized effective mass. The $\frac{1}{N}$ corrections give rise to different superconducting instabilities depending on the band structure and the filling factor. For low densities there is a $p$-wave instability while close to half filling in the cubic lattice we find a $d$-wave instability. We also calculate Fermi-liquid parameters.
Avoiding unintended AI behaviors

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems too complex for predefined environment models and actions will need to learn environment models and to choose actions that optimize some criteria. Several authors have described mechanisms by which such complex systems may behave in ways not intended in their designs. This paper describes ways to avoid such unintended behavior. For hypothesized powerful AI systems that may pose a threat to humans, this paper proposes a two-stage agent architecture that avoids some known types of unintended behavior. For the first stage of the architecture this paper shows that the most probable finite stochastic program to model a finite history is finitely computable, and that there is an agent that makes such a computation without any unintended instrumental actions.
Nativist versus constructivist goals in studying child language

Crain & Thornton (1998: 5) are admirably clear in stating the aims of their research programme: they ‘hope to convince a greater number of students and researchers in child language of the correctness of the Innateness Hypothesis and the theory of Universal Grammar’. As Drozd notes, however, their assumptions under Modularity Matching ‘set the stage for a research programme unlike those typically adopted by developmental psycholinguists’. Whereas CT O'Grady, 1997), constructivists are more interested in the question of how children ‘get from here to there’ (Tomasello, 2003) – that is, from immature levels of language comprehension and use to adultlike levels (and, it is important to note that adultlike levels are not always characterized in generativist terms). Most constructivists are also committed to studying the relations between language development and other simultaneously developing social and cognitive skills (Clark, 2003), whereas nativists tend to be interested in ‘pure’ linguistic ability uncontaminated by nonlinguistic influences. The main goal of nativists then is to verify a specific theory of linguistic competence that suggests that linguistic knowledge is innate and modular and to account for children's linguistic development in terms of UG, whereas the main goal for constructivists is to account for development (change) in the child's language system (beginning from perhaps no predetermined linguistic knowledge) and how it relates to other aspects of development. It is this fundamental difference in goals that makes one quite pessimistic that constructivist and nativist researchers in syntactic development can learn anything from one another; they are simply engaged in separate tasks.
Depressive symptoms, psychiatric medication use, and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from the Health and Retirement Study

Abstract Objective This prospective study investigates the relationships between depressive symptoms, psychiatric medication use, and their interaction on risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Method Data come from the 1998–2010 waves of the Health and Retirement Study, a US nationally representative cohort of adults aged 51 years and older. Analysis is restricted to participants N =8704). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale. Risk of diabetes over the 12-year follow-up period was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models with time-varying covariates. Results After adjusting for covariates, both depressive symptoms [hazard ratio (HR): 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.09] and psychiatric medication use (HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.25–1.96) were associated with development of diabetes. The interaction between depressive symptoms and medication use was significant (beta=−0.240, P =.049), indicating that the association between elevated depressive symptoms and diabetes was higher among respondents not taking medications. The associations between depressive symptoms and medication use were also attenuated by increasing body mass index. Conclusion Findings highlight the complex relationship between depressive symptoms and psychiatric medications on diabetes risk and the need for a nuanced understanding of these factors.
Maximum independent set of links with power control

This paper addresses the joint selection and power assignment of a largest number of given links which can communicate successfully at the same time under the physical interference model. For this optimization problem, we present a constant-approximation algorithm with improved performance over existing approximation algorithms. In addition, both the algorithm design and analysis are applicable to arbitrary path-loss exponent and arbitrary dimension of the deployment space.
Synchrotron radiation in strongly coupled conformal field theories

Using gauge/gravity duality, we compute the energy density and angular distribution of the power radiated by a quark undergoing circular motion in strongly coupled $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. We compare the strong coupling results to those at weak coupling, finding them to be very similar. In both regimes, the angular distribution of the radiated power is in fact similar to that of synchrotron radiation produced by an electron in circular motion in classical electrodynamics: the quark emits radiation in a narrow beam along its velocity vector with a characteristic opening angle $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\sim}1/\ensuremath{\gamma}$. To an observer far away from the quark, the emitted radiation appears as a short periodic burst, just like the light from a lighthouse does to a ship at sea. Our strong coupling results are valid for any strongly coupled conformal field theory with a dual classical gravity description.
Recurrence of Urethral Diverticula

Objectives: Periurethral masses are an uncommon but challenging diagnosis, with up to ten different etiologies. The list includes: urethral diverticulum, leiomyoma, vaginal wall cyst, Skene’s gland cyst, Skene’s gland abscess, urethral prolapse, urethral caruncle, Gartner’s duct cyst, ectopic ureterocele, and malignancies. There is limited literature addressing the widespread scope of diagnoses in periurethral masses. While urethral diverticula is the most common diagnosis, other pathology can mimic their presentation posing both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Our primary objective of this study was to review the presentation, evaluation, diagnosis, surgical management and outcomes of periurethral masses in women. Materials and Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed of 59 patients over a twelve year period from urology and urogynecology departments at a single academic institution. Demographic, clinical, and surgical data were collected and presented as descriptive statistics. Results: Fifty-nine patients were evaluated for symptomatic periurethral masses with a mean age of 46 years (range = 22-73). The most common presenting symptoms include a palpable mass in 54 (92%), pain 38 (64%), urinary tract infections 27 (46%), urinary incontinence 27 (46%), and frequency 21 (36%). MRI was utilized in 48 of the 59 patients (81%). Cystoscopy was performed on all patients and urethral defects were visualized in only 28 (47%) of the cases. Final diagnosis revealed that 38 (64%) of the periurethral masses were diverticula, with 2 (5%) associated with adenocarcinoma and 4 (11%) associated with previous bulking agents. The remaining periurethral masses were: 7 (12%) Skene’s duct cysts/abscess, 3 (5%) Gartner’s duct cysts, 2 (3%) vaginal wall cysts, 2 (3%) bulking agents, 2 (3%) urethral polyps, 1 (2%) leiomyoma, 1 (2%) angiomyofibroblastoma, and remaining three including redundant vaginal mucosa, suture abscess, and encapsulated mesh remnant. Fifty-seven of the patients underwent surgical excision and 2 elected observations. One concomitant sling was performed with excision and Martius flap was used in 2 patients with circumferential diverticula identified on MRI. Of the patients surgically managed, 4 (7%) had demonstrable SUI and 7 (12%) had lower urinary tract symptoms postoperatively. Of the 38 urethral diverticulum, 6 (16%) had recurrence of a periurethral mass. Overall, 46 (78%) reported resolutions of symptoms after excision. Conclusion: While urethral diverticula most commonly present as a periurethral mass, other pathology can mimic the presentation and a thorough investigation is necessary for correct diagnosis. MRI is most effective in determining the size and location of the periurethral mass. Surgical excision provides reasonable anatomic and functional outcomes for a symptomatic patient. DISCLOSURE OF RELEVANT FINANCIAL RELATIONSHIPS:
Private forest policy tools: A national survey exploring the American public's perceptions and support

This research examines the general public’s perceptions of policy tools for private forests and examines the relationships between policy support and individual demographic characteristics, as well as timber harvesting attitudes. Empirical data were collected through a random digital dial telephone survey of United States residents in 2003 and 2004. Factor and reliability analyses were used to define a private forest policy tool scale containing two distinct policy tools—authority (regulations, sanctions, and incentives) and empowerment (learning, capacity-building, symbolic, and incentive) tools. Overall, the public held neutral attitudes towards authority tools and supported empowerment tools. Of all the demographic characteristics examined in this research, general linear modeling indicated that only education significantly predicted support for authority and empowerment tools. Timber harvesting attitudes were effective predictors of empowerment tools; in general, support for timber harvesting for present benefits was negatively related to support for private forest policy tools. Implications for private forestland policy are presented. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Structure of a Central Component of the Yeast Kinetochore: The Spc24p/Spc25p Globular Domain

The Ndc80 complex, a kinetochore component conserved from yeast to humans, is essential for proper chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis. It is an approximately 570 A long, rod-shaped assembly of four proteins--Ndc80p (Hec1), Nuf2p, Spc24p, and Spc25p--with globular regions at either end of a central shaft. The complex bridges from the centromere-proximal inner kinetochore layer at its Spc24/Spc25 globular end to the microtubule binding outer kinetochore layer at its Ndc80/Nuf2 globular end. We report the atomic structures of the Spc24/Spc25 globular domain, determined both by X-ray crystallography at 1.9 A resolution and by NMR. Spc24 and Spc25 fold tightly together into a single globular entity with pseudo-2-fold symmetry. Conserved residues line a common hydrophobic core and the bottom of a cleft, indicating that the functional orthologs from other eukaryotes will have the same structure and suggesting a docking site for components of the inner kinetochore.
Host-pathogen interactions mediating pain of urinary tract infection.

Background Pelvic pain is a major component of the morbidity associated with urinary tract infection (UTI), yet the molecular mechanisms underlying UTI-induced pain remain unknown. UTI pain mechanisms likely contrast with the clinical condition of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), where individuals have significant bacterial loads yet lack symptoms.
Regulation of affect by the lateral septum: implications for neuropsychiatry

Substantial evidence indicates that the lateral septum (LS) plays a critical role in regulating processes related to mood and motivation. This review presents findings from the basic neuroscience literature and from some clinically oriented research, drawing from behavioral, neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and molecular studies in support of such a role, and articulates models and hypotheses intended to advance our understanding of these functions. Neuroanatomically, the LS is connected with numerous regions known to regulate affect, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Through its connections with the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, the LS regulates motivation, both by stimulating the activity of midbrain dopamine neurons and regulating the consequences of this activity on the ventral striatum. Evidence that LS function could impact processes related to schizophrenia and other psychotic spectrum disorders, such as alterations in LS function following administration of antipsychotics and psychotomimetics in animals, will also be presented. The LS can also diminish or enable fear responding when its neural activity is stimulated or inhibited, respectively, perhaps through its projections to the hypothalamus. It also regulates behavioral manifestations of depression, with antidepressants stimulating the activity of LS neurons, and depression-like phenotypes corresponding to blunted activity of LS neurons; serotonin likely plays a key role in modulating these functions by influencing the responsiveness of the LS to hippocampal input. In conclusion, a better understanding of the LS may provide important and useful information in the pursuit of better treatments for a wide range of psychiatric conditions typified by disregulation of affective functions.
Screening cervical spine MRI after normal cervical spine CT scans in patients in whom cervical spine injury cannot be excluded by physical examination.

Abstract Background Cervical spine injuries can occur in as many as 10% of patients with blunt trauma with mental status changes from closed head injuries. Despite normal results on cervical spine computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often recommended to exclude ligamentous or soft tissue injury. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of trauma patients admitted to a level I trauma center from 2002 to 2006, in whom cervical spine injuries could not be excluded by physical examination. All patients with normal results on cervical spine CT followed by cervical spine MRI were included in the analysis. Results One hundred twenty patients underwent MRI to examine their cervical spines. Seven patients had abnormal MRI findings suggestive of acute traumatic injury. No MRI studies led to operative intervention. Screening MRI increased from 1% of comatose patients in 2002 to 18% in 2006. Conclusions The use of MRI in patients with normal results on cervical spine CT does not appear to alter treatment.
Group-Structured Genetic Models in Analyses of the Population and Behavioral Ecology of Poikilothermic Vertebrates

Estimates of gene correlations among individuals within and among populations are frequently derived from statistical analyses of genetic data (e.g., F statistics). These measures can be important tools in molecular ecology and conservation, and offer important insights into population breeding structure. Using recently derived theory developed for group-structured populations, we show that fixation indices, when combined with basic population ecological and demographic data can be used to investigate population mating systems and to predict dispersal rates, trajectories and asymptotic levels of fixation indices, and effective population size. Four case studies of poikilothermic vertebrates are used to demonstrate the broad utility of evolutionary and ecological inferences afforded by group-structured models.
Disaster Bioethics: Normative Issues When Nothing Is Normal

Disaster Bioethics: Normative Issues When Nothing Is Normal, edited by Donal P. O’Mathuna, Bert Gordijn, and Mike Clarke, is reviewed. This volume is the second in a series addressing public health ethics and is comprised of 13 chapters contributed by individual authors and divided into two sections. Although this is not a monumental work, it is one of importance. It asks more questions than it answers, which is fitting in an emerging discipline. It will serve to shape and focus future research and debate. Not all contributions are of equal import, but each has something to contribute to the discussion.
Oedipal and other Conflicts

In this article, the author offers a reading of the psychoanalytic concept of the Oedipal conflict, taking into account a post-structural or cultural studies' theorizing of subjectivity and the constructed nature of childhood. It is taken for granted that what are typically seen as natural gendered behaviors or natural sexual preferences are instead performative expressions of dominant discourses. Working from this stance, it is proposed that it likewise makes sense to understand the psychoanalytic perspectives on a child's gender and sexual development as tremendously instructive descriptions of how adults work through dominant discourses about normal development to bring children into being as gendered and sexualized subjects. The author argues that a major facet of parenting for most contemporary, heterosexual Western parents involves the demand that our children experience the Oedipal conflict. Using stories of the author's own parenting, she describes some of the ways that she participated in provoking outcomes that at least consciously she thought she did not intend. Oedipal and Other Conflicts About a year ago we had an outbreak of the Oedipal conflict in our family. Beginning then and continuing into the present, my only child - a now five- year-old boy - has repeatedly said that he is in love with me, his mother, in what he viewed as 'the way boyfriends and girlfriends are.' The full scope of what this might mean to him is unclear to me. While I believe that it means far more than only sexualized behavior, sexualized behavior is clearly part of how he understands being 'in love.' For example, he recognizes a difference between a sexualized kiss he might witness on television and a goodnight kiss he might get from me, and he understands that this sexualized version is part of how being 'in love' is often performed. He has suggested a variety of interactions between he and I that he thinks would be appropriate to this kind of being in love and he often claims that he wants to marry me. I have used several responses to deflect his suggestions, including, 'I will always love you and I believe that you will always love me, but someday you will find your own special man or woman who you want to be in love with,' and 'We (his
Lipoprotein Uptake and Metabolism by Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells in Tissue Culture

Aortic smooth muscle cells from the rat were successfully grown in tissue culture and shown to have characteristic morphology. 125 I-labeled homologous very low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins were taken up by these smooth muscle cells during incubation for 48 hours at the stationary phase. Despite multiple washings, a large proportion of the lipoprotein radioactivity associated with the cells was apparently surface bound and trypsin releasable. With both lipoprotein fractions, lipid and protein uptake by the cells measured after trypsinization was related to time and to the amount of lipoprotein protein added to the medium. Compared with protein, there was a disproportionately greater entry of lipid radioactivity into the cells. Light and electron microscope autoradiography localized the label intracellularly over the cell cytoplasm, cell boundaries, and, in some cells, over lysosomes. On the basis of either protein uptake or whole particle uptake, approximately four times as much high density lipoprotein as very low density lipoprotein was taken up by the smooth muscle cells. To assess metabolism and degradation of high density lipoproteins, aortic smooth muscle cells were incubated in fresh unlabeled medium for 48 hours after exposure to 125 I-labeled high density lipoproteins. A large proportion of radioactivity released was trichloroacetic acid precipitable, suggesting some release of whole lipoprotein protein; however, these lipoproteins appeared to be modified when they were tested with anti-high density lipoprotein antiserum. Also, water-soluble radioactivity (presumably protein breakdown products) was released in amounts that averaged 3% of the protein label in the cells. These results indicate that although aortic smooth muscle cells growing in tissue culture can rapidly take up lipids and lipoproteins, catabolism of lipoprotein protein is slow. Correlative biochemical and ultrastructural analysis suggests the possibility of regurgitation of noncatabolized lipoprotein protein by reverse endocytosis.
RecQ and RecG helicases have distinct roles in maintaining the stability of polypurine.polypyrimidine sequences.

Abstract DNA triplex structures can block the replication fork and result in double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). RecQ and RecG helicases may be important for replication of such sequences as RecQ resolves synthetic triplex DNA structures and RecG mediates replication restart by fork regression. Primer extension on an 88 bp triplex-forming polypurine·polypyrimidine (Pu·Py) tract from the PKD1 gene demonstrated that RecQ, but not RecG, facilitated primer extension by T7 DNA polymerase. A high-throughput, dual plasmid screening system using isogenic bacterial lines deficient in RecG, RecQ, or both, revealed that RecQ deficiency increased mutation to sequence flanking this 88 bp tract by eight to ten-fold. Although RecG facilitated small deletions in an 88 bp mirror repeat-containing sequence, it was absolutely required to maintain a 2.5 kb Pu·Py tract containing multiple mirror repeats. These results support a two-tiered model where RecQ facilitates fork progression through triplex-forming tracts and, failing processivity, RecG is critical for replication fork restart.
Argon laser trabeculotomy:long-term follow-up.

Abstract A five-year follow-up of argon laser trabeculectomy in a group of 28 male patients with bilateral primary openangle glaucoma showed an overall mean pressure drop of 10.3 mm Hg in treated eyes. Twenty percent of the treated eyes had a pressure less than 20 mm Hg up to two years after treatment. No specific laser parameters were associated with pressure lowering. The pressure drop appears more patient dependent than treatment dependent. A randomized clinical trial is suggested.
Hygrothermal performance of cross-laminated timber wall assemblies: A stochastic approach

Abstract Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels have the potential market in North America for building mid-rise or even taller structures due to their good structural and fire safety performance, carbon storage capacity, light weight, and prefabricated nature. However, prolonged exposure to moisture during construction and in service is a durability concern for most wood products including CLT. This paper presents the evaluation of the hygrothermal performance of CLT wall assemblies through simulations using a stochastic approach to account for the uncertainty of material properties, boundary conditions, and environmental loads. The moisture content of the CLT panel is used as the performance indicator. The influential factors are categorized into continuous and discrete random variables. The influence of the continuous random variables including material properties, boundary conditions and cladding ventilation rate is investigated under conditions represented by different combinations of the discrete random variables including wall configurations, orientation and rain leakage rate. The critical factors that lead to high moisture content are identified under each condition and the interaction between the discrete and continuous random variables is analyzed. The stochastic results show that the CLT wall assembly with low vapor permeance material placed outboard the CLT panel has a higher risk of moisture problem than CLT wall assembly with high vapor permeance material placed outboard the CLT panel. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the significance of the stochastic parameters on the hygrothermal performance of CLT panel depends on environmental loads, especially the rain load, and wall configurations.
Asymptotic expansion homogenization of discrete fine-scale models with rotational degrees of freedom for the simulation of quasi-brittle materials

Discrete fine-scale models, in the form of either particle or lattice models, have been formulated successfully to simulate the behavior of quasi-brittle materials whose mechanical behavior is inherently connected to fracture processes occurring in the internal heterogeneous structure. These models tend to be intensive from the computational point of view as they adopt an “a priori” discretization anchored to the major material heterogeneities (e.g. grains in particulate materials and aggregate pieces in cementitious composites) and this hampers their use in the numerical simulations of large systems. In this work, this problem is addressed by formulating a general multiple scale computational framework based on classical asymptotic analysis and that (1) is applicable to any discrete model with rotational degrees of freedom; and (2) gives rise to an equivalent Cosserat continuum. The developed theory is applied to the upscaling of the Lattice Discrete Particle Model (LDPM), a recently formulated discrete model for concrete and other quasi-brittle materials, and the properties of the homogenized model are analyzed thoroughly in both the elastic and the inelastic regime. The analysis shows that the homogenized micropolar elastic properties are size-dependent, and they are functions of the RVE size and the size of the material heterogeneity. Furthermore, the analysis of the homogenized inelastic behavior highlights issues associated with the homogenization of fine-scale models featuring strain-softening and the related damage localization. Finally, nonlinear simulations of the RVE behavior subject to curvature components causing bending and torsional effects demonstrate, contrarily to typical Cosserat formulations, a significant coupling between the homogenized stress–strain and couple-curvature constitutive equations.
Differentiation: Functions of One Variable

In the early 1870s three economists, William Stanley Jevons, Carl Menger, and Leon Walras, in three different countries, England, Austria, and Switzerland, simultaneously, but independently, made discoveries that profoundly changed economics. They broke with classical economics in terms of the basis for valuation of goods and services.1
Vitreomacular Adhesion/Traction Syndromes

Vitreomacular adhesion and traction syndromes are diseases involving pathologic interaction of the vitreoretinal interface. These diseases have been greater delineated with the advent of spectral domain OCT, which has allowed for precise imaging leading to greater description and understanding of the various disease processes. This chapter demonstrates via case examples a variety of vitreomacular and vitreoretinal syndromes, their clinical presentations, and OCT characteristics.
Teaching American Political Development Through a Presidential Fantasy Draft

I use the core principle of fantasy sports -- the draft -- to teach about the US presidency. Students are placed into four teams, which alternate choosing presidents for their ten-man "roster." After the draft, separate presidential experts rank the teams 1-4 on a different dimension. The team with the highest combination of expert rankings wins. In the end, Fantasy Presidents provides a fun way to encourage students to do research on the American presidency and American political development.
Descriptions of New Or Inadequately Known American Spiders

With the advance of our knowledge of the Spider fauna of the American continent it becomes more and more necessary not merely to add new species to the list of those already known, but to systematize and to review carefully work done in the past. Correct identification of a specimen, placing it in a species already known and not new to Science is in itself by no means always simple. Whenever good drawings are available, identification is at least reasonably possible. Yet even then one has to know the characters which the discoverer of the species considered to be sufficient for the definition of the genus, as otherwise one is forced to compare the specimen with the descriptions of a number of species belonging to related genera. Many genera as conceived by their creators have since proven tn be too broad in their characterization. They had to be limited, the type species remaining as the type of the genus in its new limitation, other species becoming types of new genera. If every author describing new species were careful enough to give at the same time his conception of the genus, one were enabled to know many of the characters of the species. This method has the advantage of brevity and has been followed by Simon and F. O. Pickard-Cambridge. Even then not all species can be again recognized. The reason is simple: an author has usually a limited collection at his disposal. Within that limitation his distinction of species is valid. But the discovery of new species from other localities changes the value of the characters on which the distinction was based, the same characters often occurring in several species. Then the question arises, did the known species possess all the characters of the genus or did they not? If the text does not give any information in this regard, a condition soon arises when an old species may equally well be placed under two or more genera, unless indeed one has access to the type specimen and can thus use it as a supplement to the description. Naturally, the trouble is still greater if the description is altogether inadequate, when the species may never again be recognized.
The Teaching of Family and Marriage Courses by Sociologists and Home Economists

T HERE seems to be some question as to who should be responsible for giving courses in marriage and the family. In many schools the department of sociology assumes the responsibility; in others, the department of home economics. In a few, the department of religion or the department of education may offer the work in this field. Some sociologists have indicated that they feel the course is strictly in the sociological field and that when offered by home economists, the work of the sociologists is duplicated. In order to get an understanding of the general policy being followed in the teacher training institutions of the country, a study was made of the 1944-1945 annual bulletin of the 162 teachers colleges recognized by the American Association of Teachers Colleges. All marriage and family course titles, descriptions of courses, and departments offering courses were studied. In order to gain information not listed in the annual bulletin, a questionnaire was sent to the heads of sociology and home economics departments. This article summarizes the policy being followed in the different teachers colleges. Regional differences and differences in the emphasis placed by home economists and sociologists are noted. It was found that in the teachers colleges marriage and family courses are almost always taught by sociologists or home economists. Approximately one-half (46.3 percent) of the departments of sociology or social science list a course in the family, and approximately onethird (36.4 percent) of the home economics departments. Table 1 gives a summary of the offerings by departments and by regions. It is noted that little training for family life is offered in the Middle Atlantic-New England and the Northwest regions. Less than one school in five offers such work in those regions. In contrast six social science departments in ten offer family training in the Midwest, Southwest, and South-South Atlantic regions. The regions of the country in which the social science departments offer the most training in family living are the same regions in which the home economists offer the most training. In 29 schools both the sociology and home economics departments offer courses in the family. In the remainder, only one course is given in a school.
Clinical features and outcome in childhood T-cell leukemia-lymphoma according to stage of thymocyte differentiation: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study.

The immunophenotypes of lymphoblasts from children with newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoid leukemia (T-ALL, n = 101) or T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (T-NHL, n = 31) were analyzed to correlate stage of thymocyte differentiation with clinical features and outcome. The 67 boys and 34 girls with T-ALL were 1 month to 18 years old (median, 8 years) with leukocyte counts ranging from 2 to 810 x 10(9)/L (median, 55 x 10(9)/L). Eighteen of these patients were black, and 70 had a mediastinal mass. Twenty-six boys and five girls with a median age of 9 years (range, 1 to 20 years) had T-NHL. Seven of these patients were black, and 24 had a mediastinal mass. The distributions of thymocyte developmental stages (early [CD7+], intermediate [CD1+ and/or CD4+ and/or CD8+], and mature [CD3+]) in cases of T-ALL and T-NHL were significantly different: 34%, 43%, and 23% v 6%, 62%, and 32% (P = .02). A comparison of the patients' clinical features according to the maturational stage of thymocytes failed to disclose significant differences in the majority of characteristics studied. However, patients with mature-stage T-NHL, with or without the addition of subjects with mature-stage T-ALL, were less likely to have a mediastinal mass (P = .02 for both comparisons). Those with intermediate-stage T-cell malignancy (T-ALL and T-NHL combined) were the subgroup most likely to have a mediastinal mass (P = .01). Response to remission induction therapy was significantly worse in the T-ALL subgroup with an early-stage phenotype: a failure rate of 21% v 0% and 6% for the two more differentiated phenotypic subgroups (P = .007). Event-free survival was not affected by thymocyte maturational stage in cases of either T-ALL or T-NHL. Despite evidence of clinical heterogeneity among the maturational stages of T-cell malignancies in children, these developmental subdivisions do not appear to be critical determinants of outcome once remission is achieved. We conclude that such phenotypes need not be included in the stratification plans for clinical trials using common induction treatment.
Ultrafast cardiac CT scanning.

Computerized tomography (CT) represents the optimal theortic approach to x-ray imaging. Ultrafast CT is an emerging imaging modality that has been shown to be highly applicable to quantitative determinations of ventricular mass, right and left ventricular volumes, and global and regional left ventricular function in a variety of cardiac pathologic states. This article examines the clinical capability of ultrafast CT and attempts to answer some concerning questions that may be raised.
Photoactivation of Caged Compounds in Single Living Cells: An Application to the Study of Cell Locomotion

Caged compounds are molecules whose biological function is masked until UV light induces a photo-chemical reaction that converts the molecules into a biologically active state. These probes provide very powerful tools in cell biology research, since the activation can be precisely controlled temporally and spatially by limiting their exposure to light. This report describes a simple caged compound illuminator that can be attached to an inverted microscope; it can simultaneously provide both sufficient UV illumination for photoactivation and epifluorescence excitation to monitor indicator fluorescence. As an example, we show that the cytoplasmic calcium level can be raised very rapidly by the photoactivation of a new caged compound, caged calcium ionophore DMNPE-A23187, and that this [Ca2+]i increase is associated with tail retraction of motile keratocytes.
Recursive Spiral of Influence Bends Toward Justice: Influence of JOE L. KINCHELOE’s Critical Pedagogy

This autobiographical account of working in the complex realm of educational research built on influences of Joe L. Kincheloe as a critical and recursive force probes the power of reflection on teaching and learning. A deepening understanding and appreciation of Kincheloe’s contributions to the fields of educator and educational researcher preparation are illustrated in critical philosophical frameworks. Highlighted is an importance of Kincheloean bricolage as a tool for researching and reporting on educational experiences in their specific contexts.