cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
First U.S. Records of the Mistletoe-Associated Micrutalis discalis (Walker) (Hemiptera: Membracidae), Description of the Male, and Redescription of the Female

The treehopper Micrutalis discalis (Walker), subfamily Smiliinae, tribe Micrutalini, was described in 1858 from Veracruz, Mexico. We report the first U.S. records from five counties in Arizona, describe the male and fifth instar for the first time, and redescribe the female. We collected nymphs and adults from desert mistletoe (Phoradendron californicum Nutt.; Viscaceae), which was hemiparasitic on trees and shrubs of the Fabaceae: yellow paloverde (Parkinsonia microphylla Torr.), velvet mesquite (Prosopis velutina Wooten), and catclaw acacia (Senegalia greggii [A. Gray] Britton and Rose). Our observations of nymphs in both late March to early May and in August suggest that M. discalis is bivoltine. We collected another adult, perhaps incidental, from the mistletoe Phoradendron villosum (Nutt.) Nutt. on Sonoran scrub oak (Quercus turbinella Greene; Fagaceae) and consider an adult from mule-fat (Baccharis salicifolia [Ruiz. and Pav.] Pers.; Asteraceae) an incidental occurrence.
Why the Moon

In 2004, President George W. Bush proposed a new set of goals for NASA which have since been formalized by Congress as the revised United States Space Policy. A major goal is to return humans to the moon by 2020. This prompted a world-wide discussion about what our goals in space ought to be. In 2006 NASA surveyed potential stakeholders asking the question, "Why the Moon?" Responses were received from over 1000 entities including business, industry, academia, and 13 other space agencies. This presentation reports the responses to that questionnaire, as well as current plans for how the return to the moon will be accomplished.
Dielectric step stress and life stress comparison

Voltage life-stress results have been compared with voltage step stress results. The figure of merit chosen for this comparison was TDDB. Two different oxides were used, one having a thickness of 13.5 nm and the other having a thickness of 8.2 nm.
Marjorie A. Asmussen 1949–2004

Marjorie had that all-too-rare ability to see biological phenomena through the eyes of equations and mathematical proofs, but many in her remarkably wide circle of friends will remember Marjorie more for her effervescent attitude and high-spirited approach to life than for her sterling science.
Logarithmic correlations in quantum Hall plateau transitions

The critical behavior of quantum Hall transitions in two-dimensional disordered electronic systems can be described by a class of non-unitary conformal field theories with logarithmic correlations. Using the replica trick and the underlying symmetries of these quantum critical points, the author shows how to construct non-perturbatively disorder-averaged observables in terms of Green's functions that scale logarithmically at criticality.
Defects of Two Temperature-Sensitive Lysyl-Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase Mutants of Bacillus subtilis

Two temperature-sensitive mutants (lysS1 and lysS2) of the lysyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase (l-lysine:tRNA ligase [adenosine 5′-monophosphate], EC 6.1.1.6) of Bacillus subtilis have been isolated. Although protein synthesis is inhibited in both mutants at the restrictive temperature (42 to 45 C), the mutants remain viable in a minimal medium. In comparison with the wild-type lysyl-tRNA synthetase, the l-lysine-dependent exchange of [32P]pyrophosphate with adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) for both mutant enzymes is decreased. The lysS1 enzyme is completely defective in the ATP-dependent attachment of l-lysine to tRNA, whereas the lysS2 enzyme has 3- to 10-fold reduced levels of this activity. Temperature-resistant transformants have wild-type enzyme levels, whereas partial revertants to temperature resistance have varied levels of enzyme activity. The attachment and exchange activities of the lysS2 enzyme are more heat labile in vitro than the wild-type enzyme, as is the attachment activity of a partial revertant of the lysS1 mutant. The lysS1 and the lysS2 lysyl-tRNA synthetases have higher apparent Km values for lysine and ATP, in both the activation and the attachment reactions. The lysS2 enzyme has a Vmax for tRNAlys one-third that of the wild-type enzyme. Molecular weights of ∼150,000 for the wild-type and lysS2 enzymes and ∼76,000 for the lysS1 enzyme were estimated from sedimentation positions in sucrose density gradients assayed by the ATP-pyrophosphate exchange activity. We propose that the two mutations (lysS1 and lysS2) directly affect the sites for exchange activity, but indirectly alter attachment activity as a consequence of defective subunit association.
Muscle LIM protein plays both structural and functional roles in skeletal muscle.

Muscle LIM protein (MLP) has been suggested to be an important mediator of mechanical stress in cardiac tissue, but the role that it plays in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Previous studies have ...
Effects of bridging ligands on the current-potential behavior and interfacial kinetics of ruthenium-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 photoelectrodes

We have shown that Ru^(II)(bpy)_2(bpy-4-(xylyl)_x-≡-phenyl-COOH)(PF_6)_2 (abbreviated Rux, where x = 0, 1 or 2 xylyl groups; bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine) dyes can act as sensitizers for nanocrystalline TiO_2 in functional photoelectrochemical cells under simulated solar illumination, albeit with low efficiencies. Both the short-circuit photocurrent density and the open-circuit voltage decreased as x was increased. Electron injection (10^6−10^8 s^(-1)) was slightly faster for the x = 0 dye, but both recombination (10^(-15)−10^(-13) cm^3 s^(-1)) and regeneration (10^4−10^6 s^(-1) for 10 mM I^-) were slightly faster for the x = 2 dye. We suggest that the lack of distance dependence is due to the flexible one-carboxyl attachment to the surface resulting in the Ru−TiO_2 electron-tunneling distance being very similar for x = 0, 1, and 2. For all of the Rux sensitizers, a relatively small potential was needed for generation of current in the dark, indicating that the reaction between electrons in TiO_2 and the I_3^-/I^- electrolyte solution is as favorable for the Rux sensitizers as for unmodified TiO_2 electrodes.
System administrators are users, too: designing workspaces for managing internet-scale systems

The people who run large-scale computer systems deserve the attention of the HCI community. These professionals work with increasingly diverse and complex hardware and software, large systems often characterized as "unknowable" by a single person. Relying on relatively crude tools, these professionals keep the technological world running. By improving the system administration work environment, the cost of computing and risk of downtime will be decreased while the deployment of complex, beneficial systems will increase.This one-day workshop will focus on the HCI problems of system administrators, specifically management of scale and diversity, problem solving, and system monitoring and notification. Our goal is to bring together (1) HCI researchers, (2) middleware user interface software developers, and (3) real-world system administrators to form a cross-disciplinary community around this topic.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 and mortality among patients undergoing hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is a hormone that increases the rate of urinary excretion of phosphate and inhibits renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, thus helping to mitigate hyperphosphatemia in patients with kidney disease. Hyperphosphatemia and low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease, but the effect of the level of FGF-23 on mortality is unknown. METHODS We examined mortality according to serum phosphate levels in a prospective cohort of 10,044 patients who were beginning hemodialysis treatment and then analyzed FGF-23 levels and mortality in a nested case-control sample of 200 subjects who died and 200 who survived during the first year of hemodialysis treatment. We hypothesized that increased FGF-23 levels at the initiation of hemodialysis would be associated with increased mortality. RESULTS Serum phosphate levels in the highest quartile (>5.5 mg per deciliter [1.8 mmol per liter]) were associated with a 20% increase in the multivariable adjusted risk of death, as compared with normal levels (3.5 to 4.5 mg per deciliter [1.1 to 1.4 mmol per liter]) (hazard ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 1.4). Median C-terminal FGF-23 (cFGF-23) levels were significantly higher in case subjects than in controls (2260 vs. 1406 reference units per milliliter, P<0.001). Multivariable adjusted analyses showed that increasing FGF-23 levels were associated with a monotonically increasing risk of death when examined either on a continuous scale (odds ratio per unit increase in log-transformed cFGF-23 values, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.4) or in quartiles, with quartile 1 as the reference category (odds ratio for quartile 2, 1.6 [95% CI, 0.8 to 3.3]; for quartile 3, 4.5 [95% CI, 2.2 to 9.4]; and for quartile 4, 5.7 [95% CI, 2.6 to 12.6]). CONCLUSIONS Increased FGF-23 levels appear to be independently associated with mortality among patients who are beginning hemodialysis treatment. Future studies might investigate whether FGF-23 is a potential biomarker that can be used to guide strategies for the management of phosphorus balance in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Global Climate Change and the Mitigation Challenge

This chapter aims to provide a succinct integration of the projected warming the earth is likely to experience in the decades ahead, the emission reductions that may be needed to constrain this warming, and the technologies needed to help achieve these emission reductions. Transparent modeling tools and the most recent literature are used, to quantify the challenge posed by climate change and potential technological remedies. The chapter examines forces driving CO2 emissions, how different emission trajectories could affect warming this century, a sector-by-sector summary of mitigation options, and RD the best result that appears achievable, would be to constrain warming to about 2°C (range of 1.3–2.7°C) above pre-industrial levels by 2100. In order to constrain warming to such a level, the current annual 3% CO2 emission growth rate needs to transform rapidly to an annual decrease rate of from 2% to 3% for decades. Further, the current generation of energy generation and end use technologies are capable of achieving less than half of the emission reduction needed for such a major mitigation program. New technologies will have to be developed and deployed at a rapid rate, especially for the key power generation and transportation sectors. Current energy technology research, development, demonstration and deployment programs fall far short of what is required.
Fuzzy logic and nursing

In empiricism, there are only two answers for a question: black or white. Yet, subjective meanings of human behaviours and responses toward health and illness cannot be simply explained with black and white. Gray zones are needed because they are characterized by complexity and require a contextual understanding. In this paper, we present and suggest fuzzy logic as an example of theoretical bases that help transcend the conflicts between objectivity and subjectivity, respect gray zones between black and white answers for questions, and provide a contextual understanding of complex nursing phenomenon. A historical review of fuzzy logic is followed by a definition of fuzzy logic. Then, fuzzy logic is discussed in terms of its compatibility with nursing epistemological views and philosophical thoughts. Fuzzy logic agrees with three categories of epistemological views of nursing, including correspondence, coherence and pragmatism. Fuzzy logic also agrees with four major philosophical thoughts in nursing, including postempiricism, pragmatism, feminism, and postmodernism. Based on the discussion, we propose that fuzzy logic be further explored, used and developed in research and practice in the nursing areas/situations/phenomena that are characterized by complexity, ambiguousness, and vagueness.
Visual navigation aid for planetary UAV risk reduction

Unlike the navigation problem of Earth operations, the precise navigation of a vehicle in a remote planetary environment presents a challenging problem for either absolute or relative navigation. There exist no GPS/INS solutions due to a lack of a GPS constellation, few or no accurately surveyed markers for use in terminal sensing measurements, and highly uncertain terrain elevation maps used by a TERCOM system. These, and other, issues prompted the investigation of the potential use of a visual navigation aid to supplement an Inertial Navigation System (INS) and radar altimeter suite of a planetary airplane for the purpose of the identifying the potential benefit of visual measurements to the overall navigation solution. The mission objective used in the study, described herein, requires the precise relative navigation of the airplane over an uncertain terrain. Unlike the previously successful employment of visual aided navigation on the MER1 landing vehicle, the mission objectives require that the airplane traverse a precise flight pattern over the objective terrain at relatively low altitudes for hundreds of kilometers, and is more akin to a velocity correlator application than a terminal fix problem. The results of the investigation indicate that a good knowledge of aircraft altitude is required in order to obtain the desired performance for velocity estimate accuracy. However, it was determined that the direction of the velocity vector can be obtained without a high accuracy height estimate. The characterization of the dependency of velocity estimate accuracy upon the variety of factors involved in the process is the primary focus of this report. This report describes the approach taken in this investigation to both define the architecture of the solution for minimal impact upon payload requirements, and the analysis of the potential gains to the overall navigation problem. Also described as part of the problem definition are the initially assumed contribution sources of visual measurement errors and some additional constraints which limit the choices of solutions.
Improving Nutrition in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: A Quality Improvement Project

Abstract The nutritional management of the extremely low birth weight infant has been a source of controversy and practice variation between and within facilities [Clin Perinatol 29 (2002) 225–244]. By using proven quality improvement methods, a multidisciplinary team implemented processes such as Feeding Guidelines and a Feeding Intolerance Algorithm to standardize nutrition and impact clinically relevant outcomes including (1) reduced days to initiate feedings, add fortifier, and reach full fortified feedings; (2) central line days reduced by 30%; (3) increased discharge weight; and (4) more than 50% reduction of infants discharged home with head circumference less than the third percentile. This project is a straightforward improvement process of getting “back to the basics” and improving quality and consistency of nutrition in extremely low birth weight Infants. By researching the supporting evidence, achieving staff and physician buy-in, and having the commitment of a dedicated team, this project can be safely implemented and result in standardization of nutrition practice leading to reduction in practice variation and improved clinical outcomes.
Femtosecond dynamics of excitons in π-conjugated oligomers: the role of intrachain two-exciton states in the formation of interchain species

Abstract We report femtosecond transient absorption results for solutions and thin films of a substituted oligomer of poly(para-phenylene vinylene) performed over wide spectral and pump-intensity ranges. Solutions and films exhibit a photoinduced absorption (PA) band with dynamics matching those of the stimulated emission, demonstrating unambiguously that these features originate from intrachain singlet excitons. Thin films exhibit an additional short-wavelength PA band with pump-independent dynamics, indicating the formation of non-emissive interchain excitons. Correlations in the dynamics of the two PA features, as well as the intensity-dependence, provide strong evidence that the formation of interchain excitons is mediated by intrachain two-exciton states.
Epidemiology and spectrum of disease of escherichia coli O157

Purpose of review The Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains, such as E. coli O157:H7, have emerged as major diarrheal pathogens both in the United States and elsewhere. These organisms are important because gastrointestinal infection (afebrile hemorrhagic colitis) can trigger microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and renal failure (hemolytic uremic syndrome). Understanding the pathophysiology of this illness is likely to lead to important new treatment interventions. Recent findings It is now recognized that children with hemorrhagic colitis routinely develop a spectrum of coagulation abnormalities and that only a fraction of children develop full blown hemolytic uremic syndrome. Individual variability in expression of inflammatory mediators is likely to be a key element in determining which children progress to the severe end of the spectrum of disease. The value of antibiotic therapy is unknown. Summary The pathophysiology of HUS remains incompletely understood. The lag between onset of diarrhea and onset of HUS represents an opportunity to intervene and prevent renal failure. However, there currently is no way to prevent such life threatening complications. The management should focus on diagnosis and close observation so that early intervention can prevent complications.
Calculation of impulse response of multimode optical fibre

A simple and fast method of calculating the impulse response of a multimode optical fibre of arbitrary index profile is presented. In many cases, this method leads to simple analytical expressions which provide fuller understanding on the formation of impulse response.
Dendritic superstructure formation of polyaniline prepared using a water-soluble polyelectrolyte copolymer as the support matrix

In this letter, we report a dendritic superstructure formation of polyaniline (PANi) via a chemical oxidation approach using ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as the oxidant and a water-soluble polyelectrolyte copolymer as the dopant and support matrix. The morphology and the reaction conditions have been correlated, and a possible formation mechanism was proposed. It is suggested that the complex formation between the polyelectrolyte and aniline oligomer functions as nuclei which directs the further growth of polyaniline to dendritic superstructure.
Application of the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite to teleradiology and real-time compressed ultrasound video telemedicine

The authors have investigated the application of the NASA Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) to teleradiology and telemedicine using the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)-developed ACTS Mobile Terminal (AMT) uplink. In this experiment, bidirectional 128, 256, and 384 kbps satellite links were established between the ACTS/AMT, the ACTS in geosynchronous orbit, and the downlink terrestrial terminal at JPL. A terrestrial Integrated Digital Services Network (ISDN) link was established from JPL to the University of Washington Department of Radiology to complete the bidirectional connection. Ultrasound video imagery was compressed in real-time using video codecs adhering to the International Telecommunication Union—Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) Recommendation H.261. A 16 kbps in-band audio channel was used throughout. A five-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the quality of the compressed ultrasound imagery at the three transmission bandwidths (128, 256, and 384 kbps). The central question involved determination of the bandwidth requirements to provide sufficient spatial and contrast resolution for the remote visualization of fine- and low-contrast objects. The 384 kbps bandwidth resulted in only slight tiling artifact and fuzziness owing to the quantizer step size; however, these motion artifacts were rapidly resolved in time at this bandwidth. These experiments have demonstrated that real-time compressed ultrasound video imagery can be transmitted over multiple ISDN line bandwidth links with sufficient temporal, contrast, and spatial resolution for clinical diagnosis of multiple disease and pathology states to provide subspecialty consultation and education at a distance.
A Rhetorical Theory of Diffusion

I use rhetorical theory to reconceptualize the diffusion of managerial practices. Specifically, I argue that the diffusion of a practice depends on the discursive justifications used to rationalize it. When such justifications are accepted and taken for granted, a practice reaches a state of institutionalization. Furthermore, I propose that changes in justifications and diffusion provide a basis for explaining institutionalization as both a process and a state. I then develop several propositions from this model.
More efficient PEST compatible model independent model calibration

This article describes some of the capabilities encapsulated within the Model Independent Calibration and Uncertainty Analysis Toolbox (MICUT), which was written to support the popular PEST model independent interface. We have implemented a secant version of the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) method that requires far fewer model calls for local search than the PEST LM methodology. Efficiency studies on three distinct environmental model structures (HSPF, FASST, and GSSHA) show that we can find comparable local minima with 36-84% fewer model calls than a conventional model independent LM application. Using the secant LM method for local search, MICUT also supports global optimization through the use of a slightly modified version of a stochastic global search technique called Multi-Level Single Linkage [Rinnooy Kan, A.H.G., Timmer, G., 1987a. Stochastic global optimization methods, part I: clustering methods. Math. Program. 39, 27-56; Rinnooy Kan, A.H.G., Timmer, G., 1987b. Stochastic global optimization methods, part ii: multi level methods. Math. Program. 39, 57-78.]. Comparison studies with three environmental models suggest that the stochastic global optimization algorithm in MICUT is at least as, and sometimes more efficient and reliable than the global optimization algorithms available in PEST.
Influence of Pressure on Silicon Nanowire Growth Kinetics

Si nanowire growth kinetics was studied, and the growth rate was shown to be highly sensitive to SiH 4 precursor pressures, changing from a second-order dependence at low pressures to first-order and then independent at high pressures. Molecular collisions of SiH 4 with He carrier gas account for this finding. The second- and first-order correlation was explained by the unimolecular reaction model and the saturated growth rate was due to the Langmuir adsorption limit. Our results suggest that precursor pressures must be controlled carefully for desired growth kinetics.
Incorporating English Language Teaching Through Science for K-2 Teachers

English learners are faced with the dual challenge of acquiring English while learning academic content through the medium of the new language (Lee et al. in J Res Sci Teach 45(6):726–747, 2008; Stoddart et al. in J Res Sci Teach 39(8):664–687, 2002) and therefore need specific accommodations to achieve in both English and the content areas. Teachers require higher quality and new forms of professional development to learn and meet the needs of their students. This study examines the impact of one professional development model that explicitly embedded language learning strategies into science inquiry lessons. It also demonstrates how teachers involved in the PD program improve their self-efficacy about language instruction embedded in content and how they interpret and implement the methodology.
Infusing system design and sensors in education

INSIGHT, an innovate graduate STEM Fellowship Program integrates sensor technology and computer science within in a K-12 standards-based science, technology, and engineering curricula. Graduate STEM Fellows are teamed with science, technology, and physical education teachers for two years to carry out hands-on classroom activities utilizing technology and engineering practice with a focus on the use of sensors, computing, and information technology aligned with K-12 state curriculum standards. One of the projects main goals is the establishment of sensor, computing, and information technology as a foundational high school skill by accelerating the integration of sensor technology content into K-12 classrooms. This project encourages participation in engineering and technology from a wider, more diverse group of students from rural Kansas. This paper shares detailed examples of summer institute and academic-year K-12 activities that have been successful. It also provides a preliminary assessment of the project.
It's not just a method! The epistemic and political work of young people's lifeworlds at the school–prison nexus

In 2008, a New York City‐based youth research collective formed to document the different types of interaction young people have within the securitized space of some of New York City public high schools. This article describes the inquiry methods of this research group, and by examining selected image‐based and written data that youth researchers created of their securitized school grounds, this mixed‐method and participatory action research‐inspired study interrogates to what degree criminal‐justice‐oriented school safety practices affect young people's perceived, conceived and lived experiences with space in schools. The data collection and analysis were guided by the work of Henri Lefebvre (1991) and Edward Soja (1996) whose theoretical framework focuses on the social processes of space production to situate young people's daily lived experiences at school as lifeworlds amidst intensified penalizing school safety and security procedures. This article emphasizes youth‐directed image‐based research of sp...
Diazepam sensitizes mice to FG 7142 and reduces muscimol-stimulated 36Cl- flux.

Abstract Chronic treatment with benzodiazepine receptor agonists increases sensitivity to the convulsant action of FG 7142, an inverse agonist. We investigated wheter or not changes in the number and function of GABA-gated chloride channels accompanies this increased sensitivity. Diazepam, 5 mg·kg −1 , was thereafter. At 24 hours after the last diazepam dose, 10 of 15 mice had clonic seizures following FG 7142 and four of the remaining five had myoclonic jerks. At 48 hours, only one of six mice developed a clonic seizure, and none were observed in mice tested at 96 or 144 hours. Muscimol-stimulated chloride flux was reduced in cortical synaptosomes from diazepam-treated mice at 24 hours but not at 48 or 96 hours. However, the binding of [ 35 S]TBPS, a ligand closely associated with the chloride channel, was unchanged at 24 hours. These results suggest that a transient diminution in GABA-gated chloride channel function, unaccompanied by a reduction in channel number, may underlie the sensitization to the convulsant action of FG 7142 observed after withdrawal from chronic diazepam treatment.
On the Relationship between He II λ304 Prominences and the Photospheric Magnetic Field

As observed in He II λ304 images recorded at high cadence, quiescent prominences resemble long-lived systems of jets, in which chromospheric material streams continually from one footpoint area to another. To further clarify the physical nature of the source regions, we have compared He II λ304 images of on-disk prominences (filaments) with line-of-sight magnetograms, employing data from the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) and the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). The quiescent filaments lie within channels separating the opposite-polarity network fields on each side and containing relatively weak magnetic flux of both polarities. The sideways extensions ("barbs") and endpoints of the filaments overlie smaller scale neutral lines, where opposite-polarity flux elements are in close contact and mutual cancellation occurs. From the chirality rules of Martin et al., we deduce that the barbs are rooted in minority-polarity flux on the "wrong" side of the large-scale photospheric neutral line, and we propose a mechanism for their formation based on the concept of supergranular diffusion. Our results support earlier suggestions that magnetic reconnection accompanying photospheric flux cancellation is the dominant mechanism for injecting mass into quiescent prominences.
An Energy/Illumination-Adaptive CMOS Image Sensor With Reconfigurable Modes of Operations

We present an energy/illumination-adaptive CMOS image sensor for distributed wireless sensor applications. The adaptive feature enables always-on imaging operation with extremely low power consumption for extended lifetime of wireless image sensor nodes and provides optimum images in a wide range of illuminations. For adaptive operation, the sensor employs reconfigurable modes of operation. Most of time, the sensor is in a monitoring mode, which keeps imaging at extremely low power consumption. The sensor turns into a high-sensitivity imaging mode or a wide dynamic range imaging mode when illumination varies and sufficient power supply is available from energy harvesting. The sensor changes its operation back to the monitoring mode in order to save energy in the battery. The sensor operates at $1.36~\mu\hbox{W/frame}$ in the monitoring mode from harvested energy and provides high-sensitive $(24~{\rm V/lx}\cdot\sec)$ and wide dynamic range images (99.2 dB) at $867~\mu\hbox{W}$ in battery operation. The chip achieved power FOM of $15.4~{\rm pW/pixel}\cdot{\rm frame}$ in $0.18~\mu\hbox{m}$ technology.
Deep-inelastic structure functions for bound states in the ladder approximation

A simple relativistic expression for the structure function of a two-body S-wave bound state in lambdaphi/sup 3/ theory is obtained at all values of the scaling variable in terms of the Deser-Gilbert-Sudarshan-Ida spectral function of the Bethe-Salpeter wave function in the ladder approximation. A similar result is given for a fermion-antifermion bound state with approximate wave function derived from conformal invariance. At small x the structure function has the expected peak broadened by the binding effect and for a fermion-antifermion S-wave bound state it behaves like (1 - x)/sup 2/ as x ..-->.. 1.
Phase changes in mineral matter of North Dakota lignites caused by heating to 1200 °C

Abstract Changes in structures of minerals taking place in lignitic coals during combustion were investigated by first concentrating the mineral matter in the coal by low-temperature ashing and then heating the mineral matter at 100 °C intervals from 200 °C–1200 °C and analysing the major mineral phases by X-ray powder diffraction. Samples of high and low sodium contents were analysed to determine differences in mineral phases with varying sodium contents. Quartz and bassanite were identified as major phases in the low-temperature mineral matter of all ten lignite samples, and pyrite and calcite were identified in eight of the ten samples. Kaolinite was the only clay mineral identified and appeared in nine of the ten samples. Those samples with a sodium oxide content of 8.56 wt % or greater, showed sodium nitrate as a major mineral phase in the low-temperature mineral matter. When the mineral matter was heated to higher temperatures, quartz was a major phase at 1200 °C in five of the samples, and was stable to 1000 °C in all of the samples. Anhydrite was a major mineral phase in all samples from 600 °C–800 °C, appearing in some of the samples as low as 200 °C, and persisting to 1100 °C in some samples. Hematite was found to be a major phase in seven of the ten samples, having an overall temperature range from 300 °C–1000 °C. Magnetite was detected in the range from 800 °C–1200 °C with hercynite forming as a major mineral phase, after magnetite, in two of the samples at 1200 °C. The solid solution series gehlenite-akermanite was found in all ten samples from 1100 °C–1200 °C although they appeared in some samples at 900 °C. Samples of high sodium content formed sodium sulphates at intermediate temperatures and sodium silicates at higher temperatures. Low Sodium samples formed bredigite, a calcium silicate, at higher temperatures.
IMPROVING QUALITY OF BIRD CHILLER WATER FOR RECYCLING BY DIATOMACEOUS EARTH FILTRATION AND CHLORINATION

Bird chiller water was filtered in a vertical tank pressure leaf filter by use of two grades of Diatomaceous Earth (DE). With both grades of DE, significant reductions were obtained in suspended solids, dissolved matter, grease, COD, BOD and total Kjeldahl nitrogen so that effective bactericidal treatment was accomplished with 26-28 ppm chlorine gas. Total aerobic counts, fecal coliforms and salmonellae were essentially eliminated from filtered, chlorinated water. The pH of filtered chiller water was similar to the pH of the unfiltered water. Clarity and light transmission compared favorably with potable water. Filtered, chlorinated chiller water was neither esthetically nor microbiologically objectionable. It was concluded that filtered chiller water could safely be reused to flume broiler giblets.
One-sided Dense Matrix Factorizations on a Multicore with Multiple GPU Accelerators*

One-sided dense matrix factorizations are important computational kernels in many scientific and engineering simulations. In this paper, we propose two extensions of both right-looking (LU and QR) and left-looking (Cholesky) one-sided factorization algorithms to utilize the computing power of current heterogeneous architectures. We first describe a new class of non-GPU-resident algorithms that factorize only a submatrix of a coefficient matrix on a GPU at a time. We then extend the algorithms to use multiple GPUs attached to a multicore. These extensions not only enable the factorization of a matrix that does not fit in the aggregated memory of the multiple GPUs at once, but also provide potential of fully utilizing the computing power of the architectures. Since data movement is expensive on the current architectures, these algorithms are designed to minimize the data movement at multiple levels. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these algorithms, we present their performance on a single compute node of the Keeneland system, which consists of twelve Intel Xeon processors and three NVIDIA GPUs. The performance results show both negligible overheads and scalable performance of our non-GPU-resident and multi-GPU algorithms, respectively. These extensions are now parts of the MAGMA software package, a set of the state-of-the-art dense linear algebra routines for a multicore with GPUs.
Assessing Level and Effectiveness of Corrosion Education in the UAE

The consequences of corrosion can be minimized by an engineering workforce well trained in corrosion fundamentals and management. Since the United Arab Emirates incurs the second highest cost of corrosion after Saudi Arabia, this paper examined the quality of corrosion education in the UAE. Surveys with academia and industry respondents showed that dedicated corrosion courses and engineering courses that integrated corrosion into the curricula were available in UAE universities, but graduates had insufficient knowledge of corrosion engineering and superficial understanding of corrosion in real-life design contexts. The effectiveness of corrosion education is determined by both competence in corrosion knowledge/skills and availability of resources (faculty and research). Though most departments would not hire new corrosion-specialist faculty, department research efforts and industry partnerships in corrosion research were present. The paper concluded with recommendations for improving knowledge and skills of future engineers in corrosion and enhancing corrosion instruction to better meet industry needs.
Sensitivity to disgust and perceptions of natural bodies of water and watercraft activities.

A written 7-item self-report scale on sensitivity to disgust and participation in watercraft activities was administered to 450 seasonal park employees. Correlations indicate that nonparticipation in seven different watercraft sports was weakly related with reactions of disgust to contact with natural bodies of water (rpbis= -.12 to -32, p
Damage function for carbon at neutron energies up to 15 MeV

Abstract Highly-oriented-pyrolytic-graphite samples were irradiated in three different neutron sources with average energies of 1.5, 5.5, and 15 MeV, respectively. The resulting changes in the basal-plane elastic shear moduli of these samples show that the relative damage rate is substantially higher at the higher neutron energies than is predicted by existing models. The results of these experiments have been used to generate a new relative damage function which will allow better projections of graphite radiation behavior in fusion reactors based on data obtained by irradiations in fission reactors.
Some nonlinear diffusion problems within the context of the theory of interacting continua

Abstract Recently, a method for generating additional boundary conditions which are required for solving boundary value problems within the context of the theory of interacting continua, has been developed by Rajagopal, Wineman and Gandhi (Int. J. Engng Sci. 24, 1453, 1986). In this paper, using these boundary conditions the problems of radial diffusion of a fluid through a hollow non-linear elastic cylinder, and the diffusion through a sheared non-linear elastic layer, are studied in detail. It is found that shearing and stretching have qualitatively different effects on the diffusion process.
Staff–resident interaction in the nursing home: An ethnographic study of socio-economic disparities and community contexts

Abstract In recent years, nursing home (NH) researchers have paid increasing attention to socio-economic and racial/ethnic disparities in quality of care. Although there is growing evidence of disparities in resident health outcomes, less is known about the ways in which these differences manifest in care processes from a qualitative perspective. This paper addresses this gap by comparing staff–resident interactions in two urban, non-profit NHs, including roughly 50 staff participants in each facility. The researcher conducted ethnographic observation in one facility serving a white, middle class community and another serving low-income Black and Hispanic clients from an underserved neighborhood. Grounded theory methods generated three categories of interaction—activating, relating, and attending—which were performed differently in the two NHs. In the more affluent facility, staff interacted with residents in a dynamic fashion, adapting to residents’ responses, and they were relatively well equipped with resident-specific information when responding to individual concerns. In the safety-net facility, staff interacted with residents in a one-directional, “didactic” fashion, providing instruction without a mechanism for adapting to residents’ responses, and they were not as well equipped with resident-specific information. These differences reflected disparities between the two facilities in staff communication skills, underscoring the importance of workforce development to enhance the quality of staff–resident interaction and promote resident-centered care. This study raises further questions about the role of neighborhood contexts in shaping organizational processes that influence quality of life for NH residents. Moreover, the study offers a unique contribution to the NH literature by generating a typology of styles of interaction that can be used to develop a conceptual framework for understanding staff–resident interaction in the nursing home. Such a framework can inform efforts to improve residents’ quality of life.
Data from Extension Trials: Denosumab and Zoledronic Acid

Osteoporosis and fractures that occur as a result of this condition pose a huge public health problem to society and result in morbidity and mortality to individuals. Because osteoporosis is often a result of aging, many people are not aware that therapies exist to reduce the risk of fracture. Until recently, the most common therapies used to treat osteoporosis, the oral bisphosphonates, had an inconvenient and cumbersome mode of administration. Within the last 4 years, two new parenteral antiresorptive drugs to treat osteoporosis were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. As treatment of osteoporosis may extend for many years, the collection of long-term efficacy and safety data is warranted. This paper discusses data from the extension trials of denosumab and zoledronic acid.
Laparoscopic management of women with a family history of ovarian cancer.

Background and Objective The safety of laparoscopic surgery in women with a family history of ovarian cancer predicted to have benign disease has not been established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and complications of operative laparoscopy and to describe the pathologic findings in this patient population. Methods Sixty-two consecutive women with a family history of ovarian cancer who elected prophylactic oophorectomy or had predicted benign adnexal disease were offered laparoscopic surgery. Patient characteristics, details of laparoscopic surgery, operative and postoperative complications, and histopathologic findings were recorded. Results Laparoscopy was converted to laparotomy in 2 patients (3.2%); 1 patient (1.6%) had an operative vascular complication, and 1 patient (1.6%) had postoperative bleeding. Median (range) estimated blood loss, operative time, and hospital stay were 50 ml (50–1,500), 120 min (60–290), and 1 day (0–9), respectively. Histopathologic findings included normal ovaries (n = 20), corpus luteum cyst (n = 16), follicular cyst (n = 8), endometriotic cyst (n = 7), serous cystadenoma (n = 5), epithelial hyperplasia (n = 4), dermoid cyst (n = 1), and fibrothecoma (n = 1). Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery is feasible and safe in women with a family history of ovarian cancer predicted to have benign disease and is associated with low blood loss and short hospital stay. Most ovaries removed are either normal or have benign disease. J. Surg. Oncol. 1999;72:9–13. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Valvular stenosis produced by active infective endocarditis.

Two patients with obstructed valve orifices secondary to infective endocarditis are described. In one patient the mitral valve orifice was obstructed by large streptococcal vegetations, and in the second, the aortic valve orifice was obstructed by fungal vegetations. The occurrence of obstructive valvular lesions secondary to infective endocarditis is rare.
THE PRESENCE OF CALLOSE IN THE PRIMARY ZYGOTE WALL OF CHLAMYDOMONAS MONOICA AND THE EFFECTS OF ITS DEGRADATION ON ZYGOTE DEVELOPMENT

Chlamydomonas monoica constructs a temporary primary wall around its developing zygotes. This study aimed to confirm callose as a component of the primary wall, as well as to note the effects of primary wall degradation on zygote development. Glucanase, specific for the β-1,3 glycosidic bonds comprising callose, was added to mating media at concentrations ranging from 5 to 1 mg ml−1 and light microscope observations were made as the zygotes developed. The overall health of the zygotes was assessed by comparing their ability to germinate after exposure to chloroform vapors. The bright staining of the primary wall with aniline blue, specific for β-1,3 polysaccharides, suggested the presence of callose. This was further supported by the adverse effects of glucanase on zygote development. After mating, declining levels of intact zygotes were found as their maturation continued, and dead immature zygotes accumulated in the treated cultures. Twelve days after mating, when the zygotes were plated for germination, fully mature zygotes were identified in only the lowest of the six enzyme concentrations. In addition, germinating zygotes from the treated cultures showed increased sensitivity to killing by chloroform vapors relative to untreated zygotes. These results suggest that callose is a key component in the primary zygote wall, and that its degradation negatively affects zygote maturation. Electron microscopy will be used to help determine whether structural defects in the primary wall occur as a result of glucanase treatment, and whether such defects affect secondary zygospore wall assembly.
Some Examples of Varietal Resistance of Plants to Insect Attacks

Sweet spanish varieties of onions proved resistant to onion thrips ( Thrips tabaci ) and green celery varieties resistant to injury by tarnished plant bug ( Lygus pratensis ).
The Semantics of Fire in the Targumim

‭Aramaic has two words for fire: nūr and ʾissā. Utilizing the targumim as a corpus and qualia roles for classification, this paper presents a clearer understanding of the lexical meaning for the two words. In the earliest targumim, ʾissā is a natural kind governed by a sacred agent. The word nūr, however, is an artifactual kind with a profane agent and an explicit purpose. Since the two words share the same Formal Role (same physical substance), there is a degree of overlap which led at first to their interchangeability and later to the predominance of nūr.‬
Partner Violence in Women's Prison: The Social Consequences of Girlfriend Fights

In this article, we use qualitative interviews with female inmates to examine how these women describe the consequences of girlfriend fights in prison. We find that they describe these fights as both social and pervasive. We also find that those who were counseled by staff members describe being empowered by the event. We argue that prison officials must use better methods of identifying and addressing partner violence in prison. We also recommend the use of widespread programs aimed at reducing partner violence.
The future of academic neurology: A colorado perspective

Todaýs national preoccupation with spiraling health care expenditures places future academic neurologists squarely on the horns of a dilemma. Will they be able to pursue intellectual inquiry unfettered by economic concerns? Or, will economic pressure increasingly cause them to consider the cost of research and clinical services so that academic health science centers can remain viable?
Plasma Ignition of Liquid Propellant

Abstract The ignition of a liquid gun propellant that is an aqueous mixture of hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) and triethanolammonium nitrate (TEAN), was studied using a plasma-torch igniter. The torch proved to be an excellent device for achieving safe and reproducible ignition, and combustion phenomena in a laboratory setting. Sufficient gas pressure was developed In the intenor of the plasma torch to sustain combustion of the liquid propellant subsequent to ignition. The exhaust plume from the plasma torch flowed into a containment vessel pressurized to 5 atm with argon, a pressure insufficient to maintain combusion, and the flame was quenched. Prior to quenching, substantial emission was observed at the base of the plume. The temporal observation of this emission indicated that it occurs after the electric discharge and is characteristic of the combustion process. Spectral measurements along the axis of the exhaust plume indicate that the emission was confined to a small region (5 mm) downstream from t...
Effect of in vitro glucocorticoid treatment on acid ribonuclease activity in P1798 lymphosarcoma cells.

SummaryCell lines of P1798 lymphosarcoma which have been established in culture for more than 1 year exhibit corticoid sensitivity and growth characteristics similar to the parent, regular transplant when injected into host BALB/c mice. These cells also develop increased acid ribonuclease activity after incubation with 9a-fluoroprednisolone in vitro. The experiments described show that the increased ribonuclease previously reported is related to a direct action of the steroid on the cells.