cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patients with epilepsy’s perception on community pharmacist’s current and potential role in their care

A cross-sectional study was conducted surveying patients with epilepsy about the current and potential role community pharmacists play/could play in their care. Seventy-five patients (mean age = 38.9 years, 66% female) were enrolled, either from the outpatient epilepsy clinic or from the local Epilepsy Foundation database. Patients were asked a series of questions about six aspects of their health care, as well as which of these aspects would be important to discuss with their pharmacist and what type of relationship they currently have/desire with their pharmacist. Results indicated that patients most commonly use their pharmacist for two aspects of their health care: drug interaction information (65%) and adverse effect information (56%). Fewer patients use their pharmacist for the four other aspects of their care: seizure frequency (13%), antiepileptic drug adherence (27%), medication profile (39%), and impact of their disease on their lifestyle (27%). Many patients want their pharmacist to be more involved in their health care, especially regarding drug interactions (76%), discussing adverse effects (74%), and maintaining a complete medication profile (61%). Patients also desired that their pharmacist communicate with their epileptologist about drug interactions (69%) and adverse effects (64%). Although many patients reported having a good relationship with their community pharmacist, a large concern was lack of privacy for holding conversations and lack of desire to pay for such pharmacy services if available. Overall, these results indicate that the majority of patients with epilepsy do not use their pharmacists to their full potential, yet certainly desire to do so, especially regarding drug interactions and adverse effects. Both pharmacists and patients should strive to form better partnerships that would allow them to take advantage of existing opportunities to enhance patient outcomes.
Applying semantic knowledge to real-time update of access control policies

Real-time update of access control policies, that is, updating policies while they are in effect and enforcing the changes immediately, is necessary for many security-critical applications. In this paper, we consider real-time update of access control policies in a database system. Updating policies while they are in effect can lead to potential security problems, such as, access to database objects by unauthorized users. In this paper, we propose several algorithms that not only prevent such security breaches but also ensure the correctness of execution. The algorithms differ from each other in the degree of concurrency provided and the semantic knowledge used. Of the algorithms presented, the most concurrency is achieved when transactions are decomposed into atomic steps. Once transactions are decomposed, the atomicity, consistency, and isolation properties no longer hold. Since the traditional transaction processing model can no longer be used to ensure the correctness of the execution, we use an alternate semantic-based transaction processing model. To ensure correct behavior, our model requires an application to satisfy a set of necessary properties, namely, semantic atomicity, consistent execution, sensitive transaction isolation, and policy-compliant. We show how one can verify an application statically to check for the existence of these properties.
An Examination of REIT Dividend Payout Policy

This paper proposes a new methodology for decomposing real estate investment trust (REIT) dividends into discretionary and nondiscretionary components. By examining the tax characteristics of dividends, I am able to accurately measure the discretionary component of a REIT's dividend. This methodology provides new insights into our understanding of REIT dividend payout policy. Unlike previous studies that find limited explanations for discretionary dividend payouts, I find a systematic explanation. Discretionary dividends tend to be large on average making up between 18% and 35% of a REIT's total dividend and display considerable variation through time and across firms. The main determinant of these discretionary dividends appears to be dividend smoothing. There is an inverse relationship between discretionary and nondiscretionary dividends. Even if a REIT has excess cash flow it could distribute in discretionary dividends, it will tend not to do so if it has a high dividend payout due to its nondiscretionary dividends. In this sense, REITs appear to use discretionary dividends to smooth their payout ratios.
THE PRIMACY OF JUSTICE

“Justice,” wrote John Rawls, at the beginning of his magisterial work on the subject, “is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought.”A theory however elegant and economical must be rejected or revised if it is untrue; likewise laws and institutions no matter how efficient and well-arranged must be reformed or abolished if they are unjust. [TJ3]
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Chemically Synthesized FexPt100-x Nanoparticles with Controlled Particle Size and Shape

FexPt100-x nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl and reduction of platinum acetylacetonate. The structural and magnetic properties of the nanoparticles with controlled particle size and shape were studied. The nanoparticles show superparamagnetic behavior. The particles also show hard magnetic properties with coercivity of more than 12 kOe after annealing. HRTEM and Mossbauer studies were carried out to investigate the microstructural development in annealed samples.
Natural Language Processing

An introduction applying low-level natural language processing is given in this chapter. Techniques such as tokenization, lemmatization, part of speech tagging, and coreference detection are described in relationship to text analysis. The methods are applied to a corpus of short stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle featuring his famous detective, Sherlock Holmes.
Photoacoustic imaging of biological tissues with high cross-section resolution

A modified back-projection approach deduced from an exact reconstruction solution was applied to photoacoustic tomography of differential absorption in biological tissues. Pulses from an Nd:YAG laser (8 ns FWHM at 1064 nm) were employed to generate the distribution of acoustic sources in a sample. The acoustic signals were detected over a 2/spl pi/ angle in an imaging plane that was perpendicular to the laser axis by a wide-band cylindrically focused ultrasonic transducer. Samples were made from slabs of pork fat in which several high absorption objects made from pig blood were buried. The reconstructed images agreed very well with the pictures of the samples. By employing our detection system and a reconstruction algorithm, a satisfying cross-section resolution that is better than 0.1 mm was achieved.
Nociceptin Reduces Epileptiform Events in CA3 Hippocampus via Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Mechanisms

The opiate-like peptide nociceptin/orphanin FQ (Noc) and its receptor [opiate receptor-like receptor (ORL-1)] are highly expressed in the hippocampus. Noc has inhibitory postsynaptic actions in CA1, CA3, and the dentate and seems to lack the disinhibitory, excitatory actions demonstrated for some opiate peptides in the hippocampus. The CA3 hippocampal region is important in the generation of hippocampal seizures. Therefore, we tested the action of Noc on spontaneous epileptiform activity recorded extracellularly or intracellularly in CA3 and generated by removal of Mg 2+ from the bathing solution or by raising extracellular K + from 3.5 to 7.5 mm. Superfusion of Noc robustly depressed spontaneous bursting without desensitization. The ORL-1 antagonist [Phe 1 Ψ(CH 2 -NH)Gly 2 ]NC(1–13)NH 2 (1–2 μm) greatly attenuated the reduction of spontaneous bursting by Noc. To characterize the cellular mechanism of action of Noc, we recorded intracellularly from CA3 pyramidal neurons. Noc reduced EPSCs evoked by stimulating either mossy or associational/commissural fibers. Analysis of miniature EPSCs using whole-cell voltage-clamp recording suggests that Noc acts presynaptically to inhibit glutamate release. This is the first demonstration of a presynaptic effect for Noc in the hippocampus. Noc also increased K + currents in CA3 pyramidal neurons, including the voltage-sensitive M-current. Blocking the M-current with linopirdine increased the duration of individual CA3 bursts but did not attenuate Noc-mediated inhibition of bursting. Thus, Noc acts via multiple mechanisms to reduce excitation in CA3. However, Noc inhibition of epileptiform events is not dependent on augmentation of the M-current.
Fossil Fishes from the Jetmore Chalk Member (Lower Turonian) of the Upper Cretaceous Greenhorn Limestone in North-Central Kansas

The Jetmore Chalk Member of the Greenhorn Limestone is an early Turonian (Late Cretaceous) rock unit deposited under the Western Interior Seaway in North America in which its fossil vertebrate contents were poorly known previously. Recently, over 250 isolated teeth comprising a minimum of seven chondrichthyan taxa and nine osteichthyan taxa were recovered from a Jetmore Chalk locality in Washington County, Kansas, through surface collecting in the field and acid treatment of weathered chalky rocks in the laboratory. The abundance of vertebrate remains by specimen and by taxa that is revealed through our study was not necessarily predicted given that rocks of the Jetmore Chalk in the field superficially appear to be depauperate in fossil vertebrates. Therefore, our present analysis, that represents the first collective study of the Jetmore vertebrate fauna, is important because it indicates that there is still much to be learned about the paleoecology and evolution of the Late Cretaceous Western Interior S...
Steady State Phase Diagram of Cu−Ag Under Ball Milling: An XRD and APFIM Study

The nature of the steady state reached during ball milling of CuxAg1−x powders (x=35 to 75) is studied as a function of the milling temperature (85K≤T≤503K). The characterization of the powders is performed by using x-ray diffraction, differential calorimetry and atom probe field ion microscopy. A steady-state phase diagram is built. Three-phase coexistence is shown to generally take place at intermediate milling temperatures. Atom probe data reveals that the solid solution stabilized by low milling temperature is nearly random, where as milling at elevated temperatures results in the decomposition of the elements at a lengthscale of 20∼30 nm.
Single photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging to detect cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

Aims Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in cardiac transplant recipients. This study evaluates the usefulness of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and various SPECT-derived diastolic variables to detect CAV in heart transplant patients. Methods and results A retrospective review of 141 SPECT studies with corresponding coronary angiograms within 12 months was performed on 99 transplant recipients. Diastolic function was assessed using computer-derived measures of peak filling rate (PFR), time to peak filling rate (TPFR), and mean first one-third filling rate (MFR/3). Angiography identified CAV in 53 of the 141 studies (38%). Of the 53, SPECT identified 7 with reversible myocardial defects (sensitivity 13%) and stress-induced electrocardiographic evidence of ischaemia was seen in one patient (sensitivity 2%). SPECT imaging was negative in 86 of the 88 negative coronary angiograms (specificity 98%). The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 78 and 65%, respectively. If a more stringent definition of CAV was used (≥70% stenosis), the sensitivity and specificity were unchanged (14 and 98%, respectively). There was no statistical difference in diastolic variables between patients with or without angiographic evidence of CAV in regard to PFR (3.57 ± 1.14 vs. 3.18 ± 1.21 EDV/s, P = 0.90), TPFR (149 ± 32 vs. 153 ± 43 ms, P = 0.33), or MFR/3 (1.37 ± 0.43 vs. 1.27 ± 0.42 EDV/s, P = 0.94). Conclusion Adenosine stress/rest technetium-99m tetrofosmin-gated SPECT is not a sensitive test for detection of CAV in heart transplant recipients. Diastolic dysfunction, as assessed by SPECT, was not shown to be associated with development of CAV.
Integration of Net-Length Factor with Timing- and Routability-Driven Clustering Algorithms

In FPGA CAD flow, the clustering stage builds the foundation for placement and routing stages and affects performance parameters, such as routability, delay, and channel width significantly. Net sharing and criticality are the two most commonly used factors in clustering cost functions. With this study, we first derive a third term, net-length factor, and then design a generic method for integrating net length into the clustering algorithms. Net-length factor enables characterizing the nets based on the routing stress they might cause during later stages of the CAD flow and is essential for enhancing the routability of the design. We evaluate the effectiveness of integrating net length as a factor into the well-known timing (T-VPack)-, depopulation (T-NDPack)-, and routability (iRAC and T-RPack)-driven clustering algorithms. Through exhaustive experimental studies, we show that net-length factor consistently helps improve the channel-width performance of routability-, depopulation-, and timing-driven clustering algorithms that do not explicitly target low fan-out nets in their cost functions. Particularly, net-length factor leads to average reduction in channel width for T-VPack, T-RPack, and T-NDPack by 11.6p, 10.8p, and 14.2p, respectively, and in a majority of the cases, improves the critical-path delay without increasing the array size.
A Time-Based Account of the Perception of Odor Objects and Valences

Is human odor perception guided by memory or emotion? Object-centered accounts predict that recognition of unique odor qualities precedes valence decoding. Valence-centered accounts predict the opposite: that stimulus-driven valence responses precede and guide identification. In a speeded response time study, participants smelled paired odors, presented sequentially, and indicated whether the second odor in each pair belonged to the same category as the first (object evaluation task) or whether the second odor was more pleasant than the first (valence evaluation task). Object evaluation was faster and more accurate than valence evaluation. In a complementary experiment, participants performed an identification task, in which they indicated whether an odor matched the previously presented word label. Responses were quicker for odors preceded by semantically matching, rather than nonmatching, word labels, but results showed no evidence of interference from valence on nonmatching trials. These results are in accordance with object-centered accounts of odor perception.
Selection of setup times in a hierarchically controlled manufacturing system

A hierarchical solution to the setup scheduling problem is proposed. Real-time scheduling policies for manufacturing systems with significant setup times between operations are found. Considered are isolated cells, with unreliable machines, that are capable of producing many part types, each with specified constant demand rate, processing time and setup change time. The scheduling problem is investigated in the context of a multilevel hierarchy of distinct events with distinct frequencies. At the top level, a static optimization model is constructed for allocating capacity to the different setup changes. The decision variables are the setup change rates. The next level modifies these rates in response to changes of machine repair states. The next uses the modified setup rates to determine times a which setup changes are initiated. A feedback setup policy is used for changing setups. The parameters defining the policy are chosen such that the policy converges to a repetitive sequence of production runs. The sequence and lengths of the production runs are such that the average inventory is minimized. Part loading is controlled by the lowest level. >
Shrinkage inverse regression estimation for model‐free variable selection

. The family of inverse regression estimators that was recently proposed by Cook and ven effective in dimension reduction hv transformina the hiah dimensional predictor Ni has proven effective in dimension reduction by transforming the high dimensional predictor vector to its low dimensional projections. We propose a general shrinkage estimation strategy for the entire inverse regression estimation family that is capable of simultaneous dimension reduction and variable selection. We demonstrate that the new estimators achieve consistency in variable selection without requiring any traditional model, meanwhile retaining the root n estimation consistency of the dimension reduction basis. We also show the effectiveness of the new estimators through both simulation and real data analysis.
A topological method for shape comparison

We develop a topology-based method which can be used as a measure of the dissimilarity between shapes. For us, a shape is a point cloud dataset in Euclidean space. In the experiments described in this paper a shape comes with a particular choice of triangulation (mesh). However, the method can be applied to a more general situation when no particular triangulation is given. We test our method on a database of models achieving only a minor misclassification error.
Bioaccumulation trends of arsenic and antimony in a freshwater ecosystem affected by mine drainage

Environmental context The food web behaviours of As and Sb are poorly understood. We compare As and Sb bioaccumulation in a contaminated freshwater ecosystem. Metalloid accumulation decreased with increasing trophic level. Bioprecipitated minerals in microbial mats represent a direct route of uptake (by ingestion) of metalloids to tadpoles, which contained the highest concentrations ever reported. We demonstrate food web bioaccumulation, but not biomagification, of As and Sb. We also report an unexpectedly high tolerance of tadpoles to metalloid toxicity. Abstract We compared As and Sb bioaccumulation and biomagnification when these metalloids co-occurred at varying environmental concentrations in a stream and wetlands near a contaminated mine site in Idaho (USA). We measured As and Sb concentrations in water and substrate samples, and in tissues of organisms representing several trophic levels. Bioaccumulation of both As and Sb was observed in stream organisms with the following trend of bio-diminution with increasing trophic level: primary producers>tadpoles>macroinvertebrates>trout. We also note reductions in metalloid concentrations in one of two stream remediation reaches engineered within the past 17 years to ameliorate metalloid contamination in the stream. Several wetlands contained thick microbial mats and were highly populated with boreal toad tadpoles that fed on them. The mats were extremely contaminated (up to 76564mgkg–1 As and 675mgkg–1 Sb) with amorphous As- and Sb-bearing minerals that we interpret as biogenic precipitates from geomicrobiological As- and Sb-cycling. Ingested mat material provided a direct source of metalloids to tadpoles, and concentrations of 3867mgkg–1 (As) and 375mgkg–1 (Sb) reported here represent the highest whole body As and Sb levels ever reported in living tadpoles. The bulk of tadpole metalloid burden remained in the gut despite attempts to purge the tadpoles prior to analysis. This study adds to a number of recent investigations reporting bioaccumulation, but not biomagnification, of As and Sb in food webs. Moreover, our results suggest that tadpoles, in particular, may be more resistant to metalloid contamination than previously assumed.
Interactive segmentation, tracking, and kinematic modeling of unknown 3D articulated objects

We present an interactive perceptual skill for segmenting, tracking, and modeling the kinematic structure of 3D articulated objects. This skill is a prerequisite for general manipulation in unstructured environments. Robot-environment interactions are used to move an unknown object, creating a perceptual signal that reveals the kinematic properties of the object. The resulting perceptual information can then inform and facilitate further manipulation. The algorithm is computationally efficient, handles partial occlusions, and depends on little object motion; it only requires sufficient texture for visual feature tracking. We conducted experiments with everyday objects on a robotic manipulation platform equipped with an RGB-D sensor. The results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method to lighting conditions, object appearance, size, structure, and configuration.
Ultra-high sensitivity nanoplasmonic resonance energy transfer spectroscopic biomolecular imaging

Nanoplasmonic resonance spectroscopy enhances sensitivity and throughput of conventional SPR detection technique while still suffers with modest molecular specificity. Here we demonstrated a new sensing technique --- nano plasmonic resonance energy transfer (PRET) spectroscopy to detect complex biomolecular activities including conformational change, electron transfer and protein interactions with ultrahigh sensitivity and specificity. Compared to FRET sensing technology, PRET has much stronger optical signal to noise ratio and minimal photobleaching problems. Nano PRET spectroscopic molecular imaging technique can be used in multiplexed label-free cancer biomarker detections and environmental sensing applications.
The relationship between psychoanalysis and schizophrenia by Richard Lucas‐A commentary

Psychoanalysis provides a framework for understanding human experience, which can be of great value to persons suffering from psychiatric disorders, and to their caretakers. There are also, of cour...
SLAVERY, FREEDOM, AND SEN

Amartya Sen's Development as Freedom argues that the ability to make choices is fundamental to economic development, and that the evaluation of outcomes can provide misleading answers. He uses the example of the high material consumption of US slaves relative to some free whites to illustrate this contrast. This paper discusses some of the implications of such comparisons and the problem of evaluating what might be regarded as favorable outcomes which come from unfavorable institutions (e.g., slavery). It appears that all good things do not necessarily go together. The past relation of enslavement to the need for subsistence is discussed. Differences in gender roles under slavery and after emancipation are also examined.
Children as Instructional Agents for Handicapped Peers

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the developing body of literature on the use of pupils as effective and efficient instructional resources to influence behavior change in handicapped pupils. Included in this chapter are: (1) a discussion of conclusions drawn from programs in which general-education pupils taught their peers, and the implications those conclusions may have for special-education programs involving handicapped learners; (2) an analysis of the paradigms employed to train the pupil-instructors; and (3) an examination of paradigms in which adult intervention was shifted from direct to limited involvement, especially where the adult was allowed to spend instructional time giving specialized one-to-one instruction to pupils who were in need of such intensive assistance.
Abstract IA29: Using mitochondria to guide leukemia therapy.

Most biomarkers in cancer rely on the study of parts of dead cells: DNA, RNA, or proteins. Studying viable functioning cells offers the opportunity to capture some of the complexity that is lost upon killing the cancer cell. BH3 profiling uses BH3 peptides derived from pro-apoptotic proteins to perturb functional mitochondria from cancer cells. The effect of these peptides on mitochondria provides very useful information to guide cancer therapy. Examples include the identification of CLL, AML, and ETP-ALL as disease that are sensitive to BCL-2 inhibition, identifications that are now being tested in the clinic. In addition BH3 profiling can guide the use of conventional chemotherapy and novel targeted pathway inhibitors in the clinic. Citation Format: Anthony Letai, Leah Hogdal, Triona Chonghaile, Alejandro Gutierrez, Justine Roderick, Michelle Kelliher, Marina Konopleva. Using mitochondria to guide leukemia therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr IA29.
Better timing for cord clamping is after onset of lung aeration

In the Scandinavian congress of physiologists in 1959, Dr John Lind showed a film titled “Roentgen cinematographic studies on aeration of the lung at birth” (1). He demonstrated that tying the umbilical cord prior to the first breath reduces the size of the heart during the first three or four cardiac cycles. The heart again increased in size, almost to that of the fetal heart. This change in heart size was interpreted as the filling of the opened pulmonary vasculature occurring with onset of lung aeration after birth.
Crystals in which some metal atoms are more equal than others: inequalities from crystal packing and their spectroscopic/magnetic consequences.

Crystal structures of the heterometallic compounds CrCrFe(dpa)4Cl2 (1), CrCrMn(dpa)4Cl2 (2), and MoMoMn(dpa)4Cl2 (3) (dpa = 2,2′-dipyridylamide) show disorder in the metal atom positions such that the linear MAMA···MB array for a given molecule in the crystal is oriented in one of two opposing directions. Despite the fact that the direct coordination sphere of the metals in the two crystallographically independent orientations is identical, subtle differences in some metal−ligand bond distances are observed in 1 and 3 due to differences in the orientation of a solvent molecule of crystallization. The Fe(II) and Mn(II) ions serve as sensitive local spectroscopic probes that have been interrogated by Mossbauer spectroscopy and high-field EPR spectroscopy, respectively. The subtle differences in the two independent Fe and Mn sites in 1 and 3 unexpectedly give rise to unusually large differences in the measured Fe quadrupole splitting (ΔEQ) in 1 and Mn zero-field splitting (D) in 3. Variable-temperature/singl...
Relative Effectiveness of Iodine in Thyroxin, Diiodotyrosine, and Potassium Iodide in Inducing Metamorphosis in Amphibia.

SummaryIodine as it occurs in thyroxin is over 300 times as effective in inducing precocious amphibian metamorphosis as that occurring in diiodotyrosine. The iodine in diiodotyrosine, however, is far more active than that included in potassium iodide.
Diversity Analysis on Morphological Characteristics of the Example Varieties Based on Rice DUS Testing

In order to evaluate the diversity of morphological characteristics and to provide a criterion for choosing example varieties in rice DUS testing.Diversity analysis,including observed number of alleles,effective number of alleles and Shannon′s information index,were conducted with 49 rice varieties which listed as example varieties in the DUS testing guidelines as material,combining with the 59 morphological characteristics investigated at Hanzhou in 2008.The clustering analysis for the example varieties was also conducted according to their species diversity parameters.The results showed that total of 201 and 262 alleles for 59 morphological characteristics were observed in the indica and japonica rice group,respectively,with an average of 3.4068 and 4.4407 alleles for each characteristic in the two subspecies.The Shannon′s diversity index averaged from 59 morphological characteristics were 0.8318 with a range of 0-1.7674 and 0.9828 with a range of 0-1.8547 in the indica and japonica rice group,respectively.Several groups,with each includes 2-3 rice varieties with similarity over 0.7,were found in both indica and japonica rice group,based on the clustering results.The results indicated that the 49 example varieties,which with rich diversity in morphological characteristics,could be used for demonstration and adjusting for characteristics′ describing in DUS testing.The 49 rice example varieties could be reduced to 43 according the threshold with similarity of 0.7.
Predicting asthma exacerbations using artificial intelligence.

Modern telemonitoring systems identify a serious patient deterioration when it already occurred. It would be much more beneficial if the upcoming clinical deterioration were identified ahead of time even before a patient actually experiences it. The goal of this study was to assess artificial intelligence approaches which potentially can be used in telemonitoring systems for advance prediction of changes in disease severity before they actually occur. The study dataset was based on daily self-reports submitted by 26 adult asthma patients during home telemonitoring consisting of 7001 records. Two classification algorithms were employed for building predictive models: naive Bayesian classifier and support vector machines. Using a 7-day window, a support vector machine was able to predict asthma exacerbation to occur on the day 8 with the accuracy of 0.80, sensitivity of 0.84 and specificity of 0.80. Our study showed that methods of artificial intelligence have significant potential in developing individualized decision support for chronic disease telemonitoring systems.
Dilemmas of the Job Search

In setting the course of our careers, we as physicians make these major decisions: We choose medicine as an occupation, we select a specialty, and we decide where and how we want to practice. Most of us treat the first two decisions with due care and respect, but few of us seem to appreciate the importance of the third decision, at least as judged by the minimal time and attention we devote to choosing a practice wisely. The sobering fact that 50% of physicians change jobs during the first two years after training highlights how ill-prepared we are to choose a practice.
Prophetic products: muhammad in contemporary iranian visual culture

AbstractMuch like religious objects produced and consumed elsewhere in the Islamic world, images of Muhammad are often associated with acts of play and worship, their power to cultivate joy and direct religious feelings in various faith communities strengthened in large part by their remove from the commodity situation. As scholars of visual and material culture have highlighted, a product is never merely an object to be acquired and used, stripped of symbolic import and application. On the contrary, it is a thoroughly socialized commodity central to cultural practices of exchange—of sending and receiving social messages—that take place in regimes of value. Within postrevolutionary Iran in particular, images and objects depicting the Prophet Muhammad have been manufactured en masse over the past three decades, catering to official regime ideology and popular devotional practices alike. This study explores how these types of prophetic products serve to visually reinforce and materially reify narratives abo...
Use of ibuprofen in paediatric populations.

In the paediatric population, ibuprofen and paracetamol are both commonly used over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for the management of fever or mild-to-moderate pain associated with sore throat, toothache, earache and headache. Paediatric formulations of ibuprofen and paracetamol are included in the World Health Organization (WHO) Essential Drug List, where they are indicated for both analgesic and antipyretic use. Ibuprofen, originally licensed as a prescription drug for children in 1989, was approved for OTC use in the USA in 1995. The WHO-recommended dose of ibuprofen is 5–10 mg/kg orally every 6–8 hours, to a maximum of 500 mg/day.1 For paracetamol, the WHO recommended dose is 10–15 mg/kg every 4 hours.1 The standard recommended doses for both drugs in the UK are presented in Table 1. Aspirin is not recommended in children 416 years of age owing to its implication in the development of Reye’s syndrome.2
Consumer Risk Preferences and Higher Education Enrollment Decisions

Although there are widespread concerns that consumers are making poor choices regarding higher education, the fact that human capital investments are risky is often overlooked in the national conversation. Therefore, this research investigates the effect of risk preferences on higher education enrollment decisions. A sample from the 1997 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97) was analyzed, and the results indicate that consumer risk preferences have a significant effect on the likelihood of enrollment. Specifically, there was a robust, positive relationship between risk tolerance and the likelihood of enrollment even after controlling for time preferences and risk perceptions. Consistent with previous findings, ability, parental education, family net worth and income, and being female were positively associated with the likelihood of enrollment. The results suggest that risk preferences may be an important source of omitted variable bias in previous studies of higher education investment choices.
Genome-wide identification of Drosophila dorso-ventral enhancers by differential histone acetylation analysis

Drosophila dorso-ventral (DV) patterning is one of the best-understood regulatory networks to date, and illustrates the fundamental role of enhancers in controlling patterning, cell fate specification, and morphogenesis during development. Histone acetylation such as H3K27ac is an excellent marker for active enhancers, but it is challenging to obtain precise locations for enhancers as the highest levels of this modification flank the enhancer regions. How to best identify tissue-specific enhancers in a developmental system de novo with a minimal set of data is still unclear. Using DV patterning as a test system, we develop a simple and effective method to identify tissue-specific enhancers de novo. We sample a broad set of candidate enhancer regions using data on CREB-binding protein co-factor binding or ATAC-seq chromatin accessibility, and then identify those regions with significant differences in histone acetylation between tissues. This method identifies hundreds of novel DV enhancers and outperforms ChIP-seq data of relevant transcription factors when benchmarked with mRNA expression data and transgenic reporter assays. These DV enhancers allow the de novo discovery of the relevant transcription factor motifs involved in DV patterning and contain additional motifs that are evolutionarily conserved and for which the corresponding transcription factors are expressed in a DV-biased fashion. Finally, we identify novel target genes of the regulatory network, implicating morphogenesis genes as early targets of DV patterning. Taken together, our approach has expanded our knowledge of the DV patterning network even further and is a general method to identify enhancers in any developmental system, including mammalian development.
Power Scaling of Widely-Tunable Monochromatic and Quasi-Single-Cycle THz Sources

Our recent progress on the development of optically-pumped efficient THz sources from monochromatic waves to quasi-single cycles will be reviewed.
Anesthesia for Patients with Concomitant Cardiac and Renal Dysfunction

Renal disease and cardiovascular disease are commonly encountered in the same patient. The dynamic interactions between renal disease and cardiovascular disease have an impact on perioperative management. Renal failure is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the link between the two disease states remains to be fully elucidated.
The Trial The Trail, act 3 a virtual reality drama using intelligent agents

The Trial The Trail is an interactive drama running on an immersive VR system. Imagine Tarkovsky's Stalker, crossed with Alice Through the Looking Glass, crossed with Monty Python and the Holy Grail. Now imagine embarking on a guided journey through this warped yet familiar landscape. Your guides are two intelligent agents, Patofil and Filopat. We consider a virtual reality drama to be a scripted play in which the computational agents are actors who have copies of the script, and one human audience member has been drafted to be a participant, but doesn't have a copy of the script. The computational actors must improvise reactions to the human participant's actions, but keep the play moving along in as close agreement to the script as possible. The goal is to provide the human participant with a specific emotional experience.
Examination of the Cross-Disciplinary Connection and Cross-Disciplinary Integration of ESL and Music Pedagogies

The purpose of this study was to examine the pedagogies of English as a second language (ESL) and music for cross-disciplinary connection and cross-disciplinary integration. The scope of the study focused on one selected pedagogical problem from each discipline: (1) supra-segmental pronunciation from ESL and (2) rhythmic literacy from music. The study examined trends in ESL pedagogy utilizing musical rhythm to teach supra-segmental pronunciation, trends in music pedagogy utilizing language to teach rhythmic literacy, and trends to integrate the two disciplines. The study established that there is a cross-disciplinary connection in a compartmentalized context and provided a foundation for subsequent research in cross-disciplinary integration.
The Yield Curve and Growth Forecasts

Fully updated through early 2016, in this case, the protagonist was sifting through the evidence on the predictive content of the yield curve. Did the current steepness of the yield curve mean that a double-dip recession was highly unlikely? Or was the fact that the yield curve had flattened over the past few years suggest a coming slowdown in economic growth? From time to time, the market focused on the slope of the yield curve. What can it tell us? Excerpt UVA-GEM-0106 Rev. Aug. 23, 2018 The Yield Curve and Growth Forecasts As Arturo Rodrigo was riding the early morning Metro-North train from Manhattan to Greenwich, Connecticut, in August 2018, his thoughts turned to the US yield curve. At this point, the US yield curve was upward-sloping because the Federal Reserve (Fed) had kept short rates quite low, and long rates remained historically low at around 3% (Figure1). That said, if one took the difference between the 10-year rate and the three-month rate as a measure of the slope of the yield curve, the current curve had been flattening over the past few years (Figure2). Figure 1. Long and short rates. Note: All figures were created by case writer. Monthly data updated through July 2018. Quarterly data updated through 2018Q2. . . .
Spinoza's Formal Mechanism

I defend a new reading of Spinoza's account of causation that reconciles the strengths of the mechanist and formal cause interpretations by locating instances of nature's fixed and unchanging laws inside individual natures; natures are efficacious because that's where the laws are. God's necessity, for instance, follows from certain logical principles contained within God's nature. Causes between finite particulars likewise stem entirely from finite natures. They do so, I argue, because finite instances of nature's fixed and unchanging laws are inscribed within those natures. In each of these instances, effects follow from natures on account of laws contained within them.
Characterizing the Pedagogical Beliefs of Future Geoscience Faculty Members: a Mixed Methods Study

The next generation of professors will come from today’s graduate students and post-doctoral fellows, but we do not know much about their preparation to use research-validated teaching practices. This study characterizes the teaching beliefs of graduate students and post-doctoral fellows who represent future geoscience instructors though we believe the implications go well beyond one discipline. We analyzed results from more than 600 participants who completed the Beliefs about Reformed Teaching and Learning (BARSTL) survey and a subpopulation of sixty participants who responded to the Teacher Belief Interview (TBI). We compared teaching beliefs on the basis of several factors including gender, teaching assistant experiences, and participation in professional development.
Zinc in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis.

Abstract Objective The role of zinc homeostasis in various psychopathologies is an emerging area of interest. Zinc is strongly implicated in depressive disorders but is inadequately studied in schizophrenia, despite growing evidence of abnormal zinc transporters associated with schizophrenia. A meta-analysis of serum zinc concentrations in persons with schizophrenia was conducted to address this gap. Method PubMed and Embase were searched for all articles published through February 2018 that reported serum zinc concentrations in individuals with schizophrenia and in comparison subjects. A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out to compare mean serum zinc concentrations between the groups in terms of the weighted mean difference. Results The current meta-analysis combined 10 studies, including a total of 658 schizophrenia patients and 1008 controls. Serum zinc concentration was significantly lower in individuals with schizophrenia than controls (12.81 μg/dl (1.96 μmol/l), t = −2.59, 95% CI: −22.50 to −3.12, p Conclusions The current meta-analysis supports a disturbance of zinc homeostasis in individuals with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls, although the relationship between reduced serum zinc levels and psychotic symptoms remains unknown. Altered serum zinc might be linked to defective transporters and/or inflammation that impact the brain's glutamatergic system.
A gene cluster in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris required for pathogenicity controls the excretion of polygalacturonate lyase and other enzymes

Abstract Mutants of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris with lesions in a region of the genome carrying a pathogenicity gene cluster have been screened for their ability to produce polygalacturonate lyase (PGL) both intra- and extracellularly. Total enzyme activities were comparable in mutants and wild type but the non-pathogenic mutants retained a greater proportion of the total activity within the cells compared to the wild type or the mutants which retained pathogenicity. The distribution of a number of other enzymes was affected in the same way by lesions in the pathogenicity gene cluster. The extracellular PGL activity of the wild type was resolved into three major isozymes by fast protein liquid chromatography on mono S. The isozymes retained within the non-pathogenic mutants had molecular weights indistinguishable from the normally-excreted forms and were localized primarily in the periplasm. These results suggest that the pathogenicity gene cluster may be involved in the excretion of proteins from Xanthomonas by controlling translocation across the outer membrane.
Effects of material inhomogeneities on ultrasonic measurements: The problem and a solution

Most ultrasonic measurements of materials involve the generation of an acoustic wave and the propagation of that wave from a transducer through a coupling medium to a specimen under test. After interacting with the specimen, the wave propagates through the coupling medium to a receiving transducer and is converted to an electrical signal. The information presented to the observer by the electrical signal depends on each element of the system. In this paper, the role that the receiving transducer plays in ultrasonic measurements is examined. The phase-sensitive nature of conventional receiving transducers has, for the most part, been neglected in nondestructive evaluations. This is shown to lead to significant data misinterpretation. A new acoustoelectric transducer (AET) has been developed which is phase insensitive. Comparative data obtained with both conventional and AET transducers are presented and discussed. The AET is shown to produce more accurate measurements for the cases investigated.
JavaWIDE: innovation in an online IDE

Over the past decade applications have been moving from the desktop into the cloud. Only relatively recently have integrated development environments begun emerging in cloud computing. The Java Wiki Integrated Development Environment (JavaWIDE) is one of these new online IDEs, and it is designed to be simple enough for novice programmers to use. JavaWIDE is free and provides anyone the capability to create, edit and run programs anytime, anywhere, all from within a web browser -- no specialized software required. JavaWIDE promotes collaboration, integrates well with social networking sites, and includes novel features such as concurrent editing support, a common code base for all users, revision history explorer, automatic posting of programs as applets, annotated and hyperlinked source code, an integrated Java API and many others.
AN ANALOGICAL “THERMAL-FIELD” STRUCTURE FOR BIOLOGICAL SPACE-TIME

Publisher Summary The history of the physical sciences is replete with instances where analogy has been a key element in the construction of theories of natural phenomena. This is clearly manifested in contemporary physics, which attempts to unify space–time matter at all levels—from the microcosm to the macrocosm. Indeed, out of analogy has flowed unity. Biophysics may profit from the ongoing unification in theoretical physics. Moreover, the use of analogy may bring biophysics itself closer to the umbrella of this unification. The science of biology is not without its own field constructs—most consideration of which has focused on macroscopic morphogenesis. As regards a unification of theoretical biology and physics, the associated properties of space and time in the living world have been of concern since the early 20th century. The situation in biology is not all that different from contemporary physics, which has its own inherent indeterminacy. Physics, with full rigor, establishes a causal link between the geometrodynamical character of space–time and the basic forces of nature. Biology might well profit from an analogous geometrodynamical goal.
Recurrent fevers, progressive lipodystrophy, and annular plaques in a child

Key teaching points • Chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE) syndrome is an autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent fevers, progressive lipodystrophy, and failure to thrive. Cutaneous manifestations include violaceous eyelid edema, perniosis-like acral lesions, and annular erythematous plaques. • CANDLE syndrome is caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in assembly or function of the proteasome. • The histopathology of CANDLE syndrome is distinct and demonstrates dermal infiltration of atypical myeloid cells, occasionally mimicking leukemia cutis.
Enhanced Depth Imaging OCT of Ultrasonographically Flat Choroidal Nevi Demonstrates 5 Distinct Patterns

Purpose To characterize the enhanced depth imaging (EDI) OCT features of ultrasonographically flat choroidal nevi. Design Retrospective observational study. Participants Patients with ultrasonographically flat choroidal nevi identified over a 3-year period. Methods Comprehensive eye examinations and multimodal imaging were performed every 6 to 12 months. Main Outcome Measures Lesion thickness and features, EDI-OCT findings. Results A total of 102 nevi (98 patients) were included. Median follow-up was 9 months (range 0-144 months) and 1 to 8 (mean 2.1) OCTs were performed. On OCT, nevi were classified into 5 subtypes: 3.2% were “not visible,” 37.2% had “hyperreflectivity confined within normal choroidal thickness,” 16.0% had characteristic anteriorly bowed hyperreflectivity with “discrete” borders and cascading edges, 14.9% were “flat with posterior bowing,” and 28.7% were “elevated.” One nevus of the “elevated” type demonstrated clinically insignificant growth ( Conclusions Five distinct EDI-OCT patterns of choroidal nevi seemed flat on ultrasonography, and many demonstrated thickness and elevation not measurable on B-scan ultrasonography. Lesion thickness can be measured using EDI-OCT.