cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Being the Wizard behind the Curtain: Teaching Experiences of Graduate Teaching Assistants with Disabilities at U.S. Universities

This study investigated the teaching experiences of graduate students with disabilities, using 12 semi-structured in-person and phone interviews. We selected participants using stratified random sampling representing diverse disabilities, degree programs, and regions of the United States. Findings suggest that students engage in complex self-accommodation influenced by their dual roles as students and employees. Students also discussed their development as instructors and the need for mentoring and campus spaces for disability. We utilize the metaphor of the “wizard behind the curtain” to explain how these students actively navigate graduate school.
Perspective Taking: Imagining How Another Feels Versus Imaging How You Would Feel

Although often confused, imagining how another feels and imagining how you would feel are two distinct forms of perspective taking with different emotional consequences. The former evokes empathy; the latter, both empathy and distress. To test this claim, undergraduates listened to a (bogus) pilot radio interview with a young woman in serious need. One third were instructed to remain objective while listening; one third, to imagine how the young woman felt; and one third, to imagine how they would feel in her situation. The two imagine perspectives produced the predicted distinct pattern of emotions, suggesting different motivational consequences: Imagining how the other feels produced empathy, which has been found to evoke altruistic motivation; imagining how you would feel produced empathy, but it also produced personal distress, which has been found to evoke egoistic motivation.
Efficient algorithms for constructing (1+,ε, β)-spanners in the distributed and streaming models

For an unweighted undirected graph G= (V,E), and a pair of positive integers α ≥ 1, β ≥ 0, a subgraph G'= (V,H), H ⊆ E, is called an (α,β)-spanner of G if for every pair of vertices u, v ∈ V, distG'(u,v) ≤ α • distG'(u,v) + β.It was shown in [20] that for any e > 0, κ = 1,2, ..., there exists an integer β = β(e,κ) such that for every n-vertex graph G there exists a (1+e,β)-spanner G' with O(n1+1/κ) edges. An efficient distributed protocol for constructing (1+e,β)-spanners was devised in [18]. The running time and the communication complexity of that protocol are O(n1+ρ) and O(|E|nρ), respectively, where ρ is an additional control parameter of the protocol that affects only the additive term β.In this paper we devise a protocol with a drastically improved running time (O(nρ) as opposed to (O(n1+ρ) for constructing (1+e,β)-spanners. Our protocol has the same communication complexity as the protocol of [18], and it constructs spanners with essentially the same properties as the spanners that are constructed by the protocol of [18].We also show that our protocol for constructing (1+e, β)-spanners can be adapted to the streaming model, and devise a streaming algorithm that uses a constant number of passes and O(n1+1/κ • log n) bits of space for computing all-pairs-almost-shortest-paths of length at most by a multiplicative factor (1 + e) and an additive term of β greater than the shortest paths. Our algorithm processes each edge in time O(nρ), for an arbitrarily small ρ > 0. The only previously known algorithm for the problem [21] constructs paths of length κ times greater than the shortest paths, has the same space requirements as our algorithm, but requires O(n1+1/κ) time for processing each edge of the input graph. However, the algorithm of [21] uses just one pass over the input, as opposed to the constant number of passes in our algorithm. We also show that any streaming algorithm for o(n)-approximate distance computation requires Ω(n) bits of space.
The renal excretion of hydrogen ion in renal tubular acidosis:I. Quantitative assessment of the response to ammonium chloride as an acid load

Abstract In order to establish criteria for the quantitative assessment of the renal excretion of hydrogen ion in patients suspected of having renal tubular acidosis, or in their relatives who might have a genetically determined latent impairment of this function, a standard three day and five day ammonium chloride test was performed twenty times in eighteen normal adults. The results were analyzed and compared with similar data from five adult patients with the clinical diagnosis of renal tubular acidosis. The results show that: 1.1. Increment indices, in which the change in hydrogen ion excretion is compared with the increment in chloride excretion or in acid load, do not always separate the patients from the normal subjects. 2.2. A clearance index in which the absolute excretion rate of hydrogen ion is related to the total hydrogen content of the extracellular buffer systems (quantitated as the reciprocal of the serum carbon dioxide level) does separate the patients from the normal subjects under circumstances of an increased total hydrogen load. 3.3. In these adult patients with renal tubular acidosis the primary impairment of hydrogen ion excretion appears to involve the excretion of titratable acid; the excretion of ammonium ion is somewhat less deficient relative to the degree of systemic acidosis and normal or high relative to the pH of the urine. 4.4. Two of the patients with RTA were primarily limited in their ability to excrete acid by the amount of phosphate available in the tubular urine to accept hydrogen ions, and the other three patients with RTA were primarily limited by the capacity of the tubular cells to reabsorb bicarbonate and to transfer hydrogen ions against a concentration gradient. Thus more than one mechanism of acid excretion apparently is disturbed in renal tubular acidosis if all patients are included who have actual or potential acidosis due to "non-contractive" disease of the kidney. It is concluded that the test and data here presented provide a tool for the investigation of the pathogenesis and etiology of latent as well as overt disturbances in this renal function.
Professional Cooperation in Public School Physical Therapy

Public school physical therapy is a new area for the physical therapy profession. Cooperation and communication with all professionals dealing with the disabled child are essential. This paper gives suggestions to help the physical therapist deal with other school personnel.
TLSync: support for multiple fast barriers using on-chip transmission lines

As the number of cores on a single-chip grows, scalable barrier synchronization becomes increasingly difficult to implement. In software implementations, such as the tournament barrier, a larger number of cores results in a longer latency for each round and a larger number of rounds. Hardware barrier implementations require significant dedicated wiring, e.g., using a reduction (arrival) tree and a notification (release) tree, and multiple instances of this wiring are needed to support multiple barriers (e.g., when concurrently executing multiple parallel applications). This paper presents TLSync, a novel hardware barrier implementation that uses the high-frequency part of the spectrum in a transmission-line broadcast network, thus leaving the transmission line network free for non-modulated (baseband) data transmission. In contrast to other implementations of hardware barriers, TLSync allows multiple thread groups to each have its own barrier. This is accomplished by allocating different bands in the radio-frequency spectrum to different groups. Our circuit-level and electromagnetic models show that the worst-case latency for a TLSync barrier is 4ns to 10ns, depending on the size of the frequency band allocated to each group, and our cycle-accurate architectural simulations show that low-latency TLSync barriers provide significant performance and scalability benefits to barrier-intensive applications.
Substituted Tetralins II: Preparation of 2-Amino-4-carbamyl-6-methoxy-4-methyltetralin

The synthesis of 2-amino-4-carbamyl-6-methoxy-4-methyltetralin was accomplished by isonitrosation of the correspondingly substituted precursor 1-tetralone and subsequent catalytic reduction. This structural analog of meperidine exhibited only very slight analgesic activity.
Plant Sterol and Policosanol Characterization of Hexane Extracts from Grain Sorghum, Corn and their DDGS

Plant sterols (PS) and policosanols (PC) have been attributed with plasma cholesterol-lowering properties in humans. Hexane extracts from grain sorghum, corn and their distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS), an important co-product of ethanol production, contain these health promoting compounds, which could be used to develop health promoting dietary products. However, limited information is currently available regarding optimal methods of extraction and their influence on plant sterol or PC levels and compositions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to quantify lipids, particularly PS and PC extracted from grain sorghum and its DDGS using reflux and Soxtec methods. Corn and its DDGS were also extracted to compare lipid yields and PS/PC compositional profiles in these two related cereals. Intact grains were extracted either as whole or ground kernels. Lipid yields from all the corn sources were typically greater than those obtained from grain sorghum. Lipid yields from DDGS were the highest among all the forms of the grains used whereas corn/sorghum DDGS contained the highest levels of PS and PC, respectively. Additional study demonstrated that hydrolysis (acidic and alkaline) of ground sorghum or sorghum DDGS increased the levels of total extractable plant sterols. Overall, the Soxtec method extracted higher amounts of lipids than the reflux method.
Step Up, Be Flexible, and Have Fun: Relevance and Roles of Agricultural Economists

Please allow me to express my sincere appreciation to the Southern Agricultural Economic Association for the honor bestowed by recognizing me as a 2013 Lifetime Achievement Award winner. I would like to thank my colleagues for taking their valuable time to build and submit the nomination materials. Special thanks go to my colleagues and friends who wrote supporting letters with such complementary comments. This honor is truly a humbling event in my career and I very much appreciate the Lifetime Awards Committee and everyone involved for this acknowledgment. Of course, no one realizes this honor without the assistance of many persons, including my loving family and supportive friends. Most important among those to whom I must express my heartfelt gratitude are my wife, Gwen, my children, and parents-in-law; they have been instrumental in encouraging me while providing their constant love and understanding. Without their loyal and steadfast devotion, my personal life and professional career would have been greatly diminished and certainly less enjoyable. I would be remiss if I failed to express my deep appreciation to several individuals who were instrumental in providing guidance and counsel during my career. First, Dr. Carl Shafer at Texas A&M University who, as my Master’s degree advisor, took the time to understand who I was as well as my farming/ rural background and recognized my academic abilities and potential. Dr. Shafer was the first person to motivate and coax me to pursue a career as an agricultural economist. Second, Dr. Leo Blakley at Oklahoma State University was my major advisor during my PhD program and provided an exemplary role model to follow not only as an agricultural economist, but also as a colleague and mentor. I have described Dr. Blakley as a person who if there were more people like him, then our world would be a much better place to live. Next, Dr. John Lee, my department head at Mississippi State University during a critical stage in my career, taught me the values of striving to understand a problem or issue from a variety of perspectives. Most of all, John taught me to be tolerant of views that were divergent from mine. In addition, I have been extremely fortunate to have been afforded opportunities to be associated with colleagues from a wide range of disciplines who became friends, which allowed me to have a great deal of fun during my career. Finally, please permit me to say that the SAEA has and continues to be the professional organization that represents the professional objectives, principles, and values that are important to me.
High-Current Surface Flashover in a High-Pressure $\hbox{SF}_{6}$ Environment

A recent upgrade of Sandia National Laboratories' Z-machine has exposed a possible failure mode in the 5 MV laser-triggered gas switches (LTGS). During the closure of the cascade section of the switch, the surface flashover (SF) inside the dielectric switch housing occurred sporadically, affecting subsequent closing timing and damaging the switch housing. A small-scale experiment has been constructed to mimic conditions within the LTGS and to examine the survivability of various materials exposed to high-current SFs.
Failure detection and correction in switch reconfigurable antenna arrays

This paper discusses switch failures in reconfigurable antenna arrays. We present a new methodology for the detection of individual switch failures in any array type and propose a correction procedure to overcome such errors. An example is designed, fabricated and measured to validate the proposed method. A good analogy is found between measured and simulated results.
Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM)

The advent of Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy (SNOM) has augmented at a microscopic level the usefulness of optical spectroscopy and two-dimensional imaging of chemical constituents makes this a very attractive and powerful new approach. In this paper we will review various configurations of the SNOM technique and some representative results obtained in material science and on biological samples by means of shear-force, reflectivity and fluorescence, with a lateral resolution well below the diffraction limit. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Successful treatment of idiopathic secretory diarrhea of infancy with the somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995.

The somatostatin analogue SMS 201-995 has been reported to be effective in treating adult secretory diarrhea due to vasoactive intestinal polypeptidoma. We report the effectiveness of this drug in treating severe refractory secretory diarrhea of uncertain etiology in an infant. The patient developed diarrhea within the first few days of life, with mean stool output of 250 ml/kg.day (expected 10 ml/kg.day). Small bowel biopsy showed mild focal enteritis. Serum levels of known gastrointestinal secretagogues were normal. No tumor was detected. Diarrhea was not adequately controlled by various drug treatments. Addition of subcutaneous SMS 201-995 produced a significant sustained decrease in stool output to 80-100 ml/kg.day. During SMS 201-995 treatment, no metabolic, hormonal, or growth abnormalities were noted. SMS 201-995 was discontinued after 9 mo because of patient irritability. Stool output rose immediately to 173 ml/kg.day, and remained stable for 6 mo. It is concluded that SMS 201-995 was a safe and effective treatment in this single childhood case of severe idiopathic secretory diarrhea.
Modification of Newman's BAND(J) Subroutine to Multi‐Region Systems Containing Interior Boundaries: MBAND

Newman's BAND(J) subroutine, which has been used widely to solve models of various electrochemical systems, is extended to solve a system of coupled, ordinary differential equations with interior boundary conditions. A set of coupled, linear ordinary differential equations is used to demonstrate the solution procedure. The results show that the extended technique has the same accuracy as that of using pentadiagonal BAND(J), but the execution speed is about five times faster than that of pentadiagonal BAND(J). Using sparse matrix solver Y12MAF to solve the same set of equations takes even longer t ime than pentadiagonal BAND(J). Electrochemical systems such as batteries and fuel cells consist of multiple regions as demonstrated through several references (i-4). The phenomena that occur in these regions can be modeled mathematically. This procedure yields a coupled set of equations with interior boundary conditions. Newman's BAND(J) subroutine (5, 6) has been used widely to solve systems of coupled, nonlinear ordinary differential equation. This is done by first transforming these sets of differential equations into sets of nonlinear algebraic equations by using finite difference approximations. These sets of nonlinear algebraic equations are then solved by using the Newton-Raphson procedure with BAND(J). This procedure yields sets of linear of algebraic equations of the form JC = G or B(2) X(1) 1 D(2) Y(nj,) A(njl ) B(njl) D(njl) X(njl) Y(nj) A(nj) B(nj) ~ c(1) 7 FG(1) 7 I~ x = [7]
Radiometric determination and chick bioassay of folacin in fortified and unfortified frozen foods.

A radiometric assay for food folacin based on the competitive protein binding procedure was developed. The method is rapid, reliable and comparable to the microbiological assay. Cooking and storage did not significantly affect the folacin content of frozen fortified or unfortified frozen dinners and pies. Food folacin availability was measured by chick bioassay. The procedure involves feeding semi-purified diets containing various levels of folic acid and/or cooked or uncooked frozen convenience foods and measuring plasma and RBC folacin. Levels were directly related to folic acid intake from semipurified diets. Availability of folacin acid added to TV dinners and pies was demonstrated by elevation of plasma and RBC folacin, but fortification of vegetables did not cause consistent elevation.
Effect of Certain Drugs on Perfused Human Placenta V: Use of α and β Adrenergic Blocking Agents to Determine the Specific Effector Site of Vasoactive Substances

In this investigation pretreatment of placental vessels with both an α (phentolamine) and a β (dichloroisoproterenol, DCI) adrenergic blocking agent was performed to determine the specific nature of the effector site upon which epinephrine and isoproterenol act. The results of this combination of blocking agents in producing an almost complete inhibition of the diphasic action of epinephrine provided further support to the hypothesis that both α and β adrenergic receptors exist in placental vessels. In addition, DCI alone had relatively little effect on the action of large doses of isoproterenol in these vessels, but did reverse the vasodilation produced by small doses of this agent. The effects of DCI on the activity of vasodilators and phentolamine on vasoconstrictors were also investigated. DCI appeared to have only a slight, if any, blocking action on the vascular responses to nitroglycerin, papaverine, isosorbide dinitrate, sodium nitrite, sodium cobaltinitrite, and cyclandelate. Likewise, phentolamine had relatively little blocking action on the vaso-constricting effect of vasopressin and oxytocin.
A Multi-Year Home-Based Program to Promote Development of Young Palestinian Children Who Exhibit Developmental Delays:

The effectiveness of the Portage Program, a home-based prescriptive-teaching secondary-prevention program based on behavioral principles and designed to promote development in infant and children who display general cognitive and related disabilities, was examined over a five year period. The progress of 396 children with handicapping conditions who reside in the Gaza Strip was followed. Children in the three lowest levels of ability made little change in their rates of development while those in the two highest levels displayed decrements in their rates of development. Additional empirical studies on the Portage Program are warranted to determine the types of children and the environmental conditions associated with its effects.
Stack value file: custom microarchitecture for the stack

As processor performance increases, there is a corresponding increase in the demands on the memory system, including caches. Research papers have proposed partitioning the cache into instruction/data, temporal/non-temporal, and/or stack/non-stack regions. Each of these designs can improve performance by constructing two separate structures which can be probed in parallel while reducing contention. In this paper, we propose a new memory organization that partitions data references into stack and nonstack regions. Non-stack references are routed to a conventional cache. Stack references, on the other hand, are shown to have several characteristics that can be leveraged to improve performance using a less conventional storage organization. This paper enumerates those characteristics and proposes a new microarchitectural feature, the stack value file (SVF), which exploits them to improve instruction-level parallelism, reduce stack access latencies, reduce demand on the first-level cache, and reduce data bus traffic. Our results show that the SVF can improve execution performance by 29 to 65% while reducing overhead traffic for the stack region by many orders of magnitude over cache structures of the same size.
B10 Cells: A Functionally Defined Regulatory B Cell Subset

B cells are commonly thought to enhance inflammatory immune responses. However, specific regulatory B cell subsets recently were identified that downregulate adaptive and innate immunity, inflammation, and autoimmunity through diverse molecular mechanisms. In both mice and humans, a rare, but specific, subset of regulatory B cells is functionally characterized by its capacity to produce IL-10, a potent inhibitory cytokine. For clarity, this regulatory B cell subset has been labeled as B10 cells, because their ability to downregulate immune responses and inflammatory disease is fully attributable to IL-10, and their absence or loss exacerbates disease symptoms in mouse models. This review preferentially focuses on what is known about mouse B10 cell development, phenotype, and effector function, as well as on mechanistic studies that demonstrated their functional importance during inflammation, autoimmune disease, and immune responses.
Hip arthroscopy in the adolescent and pediatric athlete.

The current literature offers only sparse reports of the use of hip arthroscopy in the pediatric patient injured during athletics. In contrast, the role of this technique in the diagnosis and treatment of multiple childhood hip conditions including pyarthrosis, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, coxa vara, juvenile chronic arthritis, chondrolysis, and avascular necrosis is well described. The application of this relatively uncommon technique to the young athlete has only recently become more attractive. The ability to examine and treat traumatic intra-articular pathology with minimal morbidity and prompt recovery is mandated by the young age of these patients and their demanding activity levels. Hip arthroscopists are now beginning to correlate preoperative physical exam findings and history with diagnosis and expectations for outcome. As our combined experience with this technique grows, the specific indications for its use in the young athlete become increasingly better defined. In pediatric and adolescent patients, the new onset of hip pain should warrant a high level of suspicion for the more common causes of pain such as infection, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, or developmental dysplasia. When these have been evaluated, further differential diagnosis should include labral tears, loose bodies, synovitis, and chondral lesions. As this review begins to elucidate, these conditions are amenable to arthroscopic evaluation and treatment. At this time, the presence of reproducible mechanical symptoms after a twisting or axial loading injury during athletics should prompt the orthopaedic surgeon to consider arthroscopic examination of the hip if conservative therapy fails. Satisfying and reproducible results have been achieved when using hip arthroscopy within these parameters.
Myology of Hystricognath Rodents: An Analysis of Form, Function, and Phylogeny

Muscles have been used as valuable morphological characters in a number of analyses of the phylogenetic relationships of rodents and other mammals (see literature cited in Rinker, 1954; Klingener, 1964; Woods, 1972). The location, innervation, size, shape, number of parts, relative position, presence or absence, and even function of muscles have been used to establish the phylogenetic relationships of various rodent taxa. While comparisons of the form of muscles go back to the time of Vesalius (1543), and Tyson (1699) used muscles in his comparison of various primates, most early works were mainly concerned with descriptive myology. It was not until the great flowering of comparative anatomy in the middle of the last century that careful comparative analyses of musculature were used to formulate hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships.
Fear as a Motivation to Commit Management Fraud: A Conceptual Paper Regarding Ethics and Executive Accounting

Motivators for financial statement fraud are different than for traditional fraud that involved theft, management fraud and misappropriation of assets, respectively. Traditional theft of assets involves some element of greed and financial pressure is probably the most likely motivator for these frauds. Management fraud, the intentional misstatement of financial results in reports filed with regulatory agencies and made known to the public through various media, however is quite different in what is being attempted. Although there can be gain to the company, the fraud itself is not gaining financial position for management as much as it is preventing the loss of financial position. This is motivation for executives that revolve around potential damages to their ego when their failed vision for the company is known. This loss or reputation and status for the company executive creates a primary motivator that is the fear of failure. The executive also can entertain persistent, possibly delusional rationalizations for the hope for success in turning the situation around. This conceptual paper explores models for applying this idea to current fraud theory. It also posits that proper risk management evaluation can assist in reducing the incidence of management fraud not just by reducing the likelihood of losses occurring that can act as a catalyst for management fraud but by providing plans for addressing potential negative downturns when they occur that mitigates the strength of this fear.
Carcinoma of the vulva

Abstract A review of 156 cases of cancer of the vulva is presented with 5 year follow-up. The over-all 5 year salvage is 36 per cent (56/156). Sixt-eigh t patients were treated by radical vulvectomy and bilateral groin dissection. The 5 year salvage in this group is 51.5 per cent. The relationship between lymph node involvement and survival is discussed.
Approaching the limits of two-phase boiling heat transfer: High heat flux and low superheat

We demonstrate capillary fed porous copper structures capable of dissipating over 1200 W cm−2 in boiling with water as the working fluid. Demonstrated superheats for this structure are dramatically lower than those previously reported at these high heat fluxes and are extremely insensitive to heat input. We show superheats of less than 10 K at maximum dissipation and varying less than 5 K over input heat flux ranges of 1000 W cm−2. Fabrication of the porous copper layers using electrodeposition around a sacrificial template allows fine control of both microstructure and bulk geometry, producing structures less than 40 μm thick with active region lateral dimensions of 2 mm × 0.3 mm. The active region is volumetrically Joule heated by passing an electric current through the porous copper bulk material. We analyze the heat transfer performance of the structures and suggest a strong influence of pore size on superheat. We compare performance of the current structure to existing wick structures.
Therapy in the State Religion

The state religion was the system of rituals that underlay imperial rule. Imperial religion, ritual and politics were never separable. Nor were religion and health. Since the state religion has regularly been confused with Confucianism, this chapter first explains what the religious part of its rituals actually comprised in the eleventh century, and then examines the part that health care played in it.
The Effects of a Raised Label Border on Warning Effectiveness Measures

Research has examined various factors that influence warning effectiveness. Virtually no research, however, has explored the possibility of improving warnings by incorporating hepatic (touch) cues. The present study assessed the impact of adding a raised border surrounding the warning message on a common consumer product (glue). The raised border warning was compared to the same warning without a raised border and a no-warning control in the context of actual product use (constructing a model airplane). Results indicated that the raised border significantly increased the noticeability, comprehension, and recall of the warning label compared to a no-warning control. There was a trend for compliance to be highest for the raised border condition, but it was not statistically significant. Implications for improving warning design are discussed.
Localized Temperature Stability in A Multilayer LTCC Package

Low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) is a multilayer 3D packaging, interconnection, and integration technology. One of the advantages of LTCC is the ability it affords to integrate passive components via the cofiring processes. For LTCC modules with embedded resonator functions targeting high frequency applications, the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) is a critical parameter. The base dielectrics of commercial LTCC systems have a τf in the range −50 ∼ −80 ppm/°C. This study explores a method to achieve zero or near zero τf embedded resonators by incorporating τf compensating materials locally into a multilayer LTCC structure. Chemical interactions and physical compatibility between the τf modifiers and the host LTCC dielectrics are investigated. A stripline (SL) ring resonator with near zero τf is demonstrated in a non-zero τf commercial LTCC.
Pictorial review of F18 FDG PET-CT findings of anterior mediastinal masses, and their correlation with contrast enhanced CT

1235 Learning Objectives 1. A review of primary anterior mediastinal tumors. 2. A review of appearance of anterior mediastinal tumors on F18- FDG PET and contrast enhanced CT. 3. At the end, the reader should be able to distinguish various mediastinal masses on the basis of findings on F18 FDG PET imaging and contrast enhanced CT. Mediastinal masses include a wide variety of tumors and remain an interesting diagnostic challenge for radiologist. In this educational exhibit, we will review primary anterior mediastinal tumors, which comprise approximately one half of all mediastinal masses. Anterior mediastinal neoplasms include thymomas, thymic carcinoma, thymic carcinoid, thymolipoma, germ cell tumors, and parathyroid adenoma (usually small
A simulation-based evaluation of nine oscillometric blood pressure monitors for self-measurement.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of nine self-measurement oscillometric blood pressure monitors using a simulator.MethodsFor each monitor, simulation data from 48 sets of simulated waveforms with four simulations for each set were used for analysis. The waveforms represent a wide range of blood
Life History of Corimelaena lateralis lateralis (Hemiptera: Thyreocoridae) with Descriptions of Immature Stages and List of Other Species of Scutelleroidea Found with It on Wild Carrot

The life history of Corimelaena lateralis lateralis (F.) was investigated in Carbondale, Jackson County, Illinois, July 1970-October 1971 and the immature stages were described. This univoltine subspecies overwintered as adults in leaf litter and became active in early to mid-May. It reproduced on wild carrot, Daucus carota L. Copulation began in late June to early July and oviposition began shortly thereafter. The seasonal occurrence of the subsequent stages is discussed. Most old adults died from late July to mid-August; new adults were first collected after mid-August.
Executive Functioning after Traumatic Brain Injury

The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), a caregiver-report questionnaire, was used to measure changes in executive function in the first year after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a study of children, aged 5 to 15 years, at University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Abstract B93: Racial differences in plasma and breast tissue IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in premenopausal women

Background: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs), specifically IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 have been extensively studied regarding their role in breast cancer risk. Several studies have shown that higher circulating IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentrations in premenopausal women increases breast cancer risk. However, the data have been inconsistent. This may be due to misclassification of tissue levels where blood testing is not an adequate surrogate marker. In this study, we hypothesized that there is a wide interindividual variation in IGF-1 and IGFBP3 breast tissue levels, there will be a low correlation with breast tissue levels and there will be differences between European Americans and African Americans. Methods: Plasma and breast tissues collected from sixty nine premenopausal European American and African American women, without breast cancer, undergoing reduction mammoplasty surgery were analyzed for IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentrations. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentrations were quantified using the Immulite 1000 system (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Inc., Los Angeles, CA). Tissue IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentrations were adjusted by total protein concentration and are reported as nanograms of hormone per milligram of protein (ng/mg of protein). Assays were highly reproducible and all CVs were ≤9.3%. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to describe the associations between plasma and breast tissue IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentrations as well as the associations among IGF levels and selected breast cancer risk variables. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi square and Fisher9s exact tests were used to describe racial differences. Results: The mean breast tissue levels of IGF-1 in European Americans and African Americans were 21.8±14.2 and 28.5±14.2, respectively. For IGFBP-3 it was 35.0±25.1 and 28.8±26.1. For the IGF-1:IGFBP-3 ratio it was 0.9±0.6 and 1.6±1.0. In European Americans, plasma IGF-1 positively correlated with plasma and tissue IGFBP-3 concentrations (r=0.32; p ≤0.05 and r=0.42; p≤0.05, respectively) and tissue IGF-1 positively correlated with tissue IGFBP-3 concentrations (r= 0.46; p ≤0.05), but in African Americans none of these correlations were significant. Plasma IGFs did not predict tissue level, however several significant associations were observed between the IGFs (particularly the IGF-1:IGFBP-3 ratio) and factors related to body mass, reproductive history and alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Our data show that it is possible to assess endogenous IGFs within the breast tissue microenvironment and that these levels are not well correlated with plasma concentration. There is a wide interindividual variation in tissue levels, only partially predicted by measuring blood levels. Also, African Americans had higher levels than European Americans and so this might be an explanation for some of the differences in breast cancer risk, where African Americans tend to get breast cancer at a younger age. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):B93.
Action Learning in Virtual Higher Education: Applying Leadership Theory.

This paper reports the historical foundation of Northeastern University’s course, LDR 6100: Developing Your Leadership Capability, a partial literature review of action learning (AL) and virtual action learning (VAL), a course methodology of LDR 6100 requiring students to apply leadership perspectives using VAL as instructed by the author, questionnaire and survey results of students who evaluated the effectiveness of their application of leadership theories using VAL and insights believed to have been gained by the author administering VAL. Findings indicate most students thought applying leadership perspectives using AL was better than considering leadership perspectives not using AL. In addition as implemented in LDR 6100, more students evaluated VAL positively than did those who assessed VAL negatively.
Monitoring and management system of fiber and fiber cable

The on line monitoring methods and equipment for fiber and fiber cable system are discussed in detail in this paper,the properties are compared,the application and develop ment of the system in power communcation are also given.
Influence of diet and fluid on bioavailability of theophylline.

The influence of various test meals, and of fluid volumes, on the bioavailability of theophylline from asolid dosage form has been studied in healthy male volunteers. Absorption of drug was faster after dosing immediately following a high protein meal than after a high fat or a high carbohydrate meal. Absorption from a solution was faster than from asolid dosage form in all treatments; areas under serum level time curves after dosing were also significantly higher up to 12 hr. Areas up to 12 hr after dosing also tended to be higher after the high protein meal and after dosing with 500 ml water on an empty stomach than after other solid dose treatments.
A qualitative exploration of supports and unmet needs of diverse young women with breast cancer.

Background Young women with breast cancer face different challenges than those faced by older women because of their age and life stage, yet few studies have focused on the different challenges faced by women from diverse populations. Objective To explore existing supports that are important during diagnosis and treatment and the unmet needs for information and support in young women with breast cancer. Methods We conducted 20 semistructured interviews in English with women aged 42 or younger who had been diagnosed with stage I-III invasive breast cancer within the previous 4 years. We recorded and transcribed the interviews and used collaborative group immersion/ crystallization to analyze data, identify emergent themes, and determine if there were differences by race/ethnicity. Results 20 participants, recruited from 9 US states and Canada, were interviewed, of whom 25% were Hispanic, 15% were black, 50% were white and non-Hispanic, and 10% were another race/ethnicity. Faith and/or spirituality and family were reported as important sources of support by many of the participants. Most of them lamented the inadequacy of their connections with other young survivors and also of supports for their family. Some recommended that young patients be provided with more information about: treatment-related physical and emotional changes; fertility and menopause; relationships after cancer; navigating work challenges; and transitioning into survivorship. None of these supports or recommendations was limited to a specific race/ethnicity or geographic region. Limitations Small sample size, exclusion of non-English speakers. Conclusions Key informant interviews of young breast cancer survivors identified similar needs for education and support across various races/ethnicities and geographies. Conclusions Key informant interviews of young breast cancer survivors identified similar needs for education and support across various races/ethnicities and geographies.
Inferring Perceived Demographics from User Emotional Tone and User-Environment Emotional Contrast

We examine communications in a social network to study user emotional contrast – the propensity of users to express different emotions than those expressed by their neighbors. Our analysis is based on a large Twitter dataset, consisting of the tweets of 123,513 users from the USA and Canada. Focusing on Ekman’s basic emotions, we analyze differences between the emotional tone expressed by these users and their neighbors of different types, and correlate these differences with perceived user demographics. We demonstrate that many perceived demographic traits correlate with the emotional contrast between users and their neighbors. Unlike other approaches on inferring user attributes that rely solely on user communications, we explore the network structure and show that it is possible to accurately predict a range of perceived demographic traits based solely on the emotions emanating from users and their neighbors.
Risk reduction and survival benefit of prophylactic surgery in BRCA mutation carriers, a systematic review.

Background Mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes results in an elevated risk for developing both breast and ovarian cancers over the lifetime of affected carriers. General surgeons may be faced with questions about surgical risk reduction and survival benefit of prophylactic surgery. Methods A systematic literature review was performed using the electronic databases PubMed, OVID MEDLINE, and Scopus comparing prophylactic surgery vs observation with respect to breast and ovarian cancer risk reduction and mortality in BRCA mutation carriers. Results Bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy provides a 90% to 95% risk reduction in BRCA mutation carriers, although the data do not demonstrate improved mortality. The reduction in ovarian and breast cancer risks using risk-reducing bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy has translated to improvement in survival. Conclusions Clinical management of patients at increased risk for breast cancer requires consideration of risk, patient preference, and quality of life.
Benjamin’s Unconscious Colonialism

Colonialism was not a topic per se in Benjamin’s critique of modernity, but his hashish language about phantasmagoria discloses his unconscious engagement with colonialism. If Freud’s cocaine language engaged Freud unconsciously with a primary colonialism, Benjamin’s hashish language engages unconsciously with a secondary colonialism. Benjamin’s Mexican dreams along with his hashish hallucinations and physiognomic analysis of the urban environment would unpack the traces of Orientalism and colonialism as infrastructural aspects of the colonial metropolis.
The Megakaryocyte Lineage Arises in the Yolk Sac and Generates an Initial Wave of Large Embryonic Platelets in the Early Mammalian Embryo.

Two distinct waves of hematopoietic progenitors originate in the yolk sac of the mammalian embryo. The first “primitive” wave contains primitive erythroid and macrophage progenitors that generate the embryo’s first red cells (Palis, et al. Development126:5073, 1999). The second “definitive” wave consists of definitive erythroid (BFU-E) and multiple myeloid progenitors that arise later in the yolk sac and are subsequently found in the fetal liver and postnatal marrow. While megakaryocyte progenitors have been detected in the yolk sac, the ontogeny of the megakaryocyte lineage is poorly understood. Furthermore, it is not been determined when platelets first enter the bloodstream of the mouse embryo. The presence and size of platelets in the embryonic bloodstream were examined by microscopy after staining with anti-GPV antibodies. Rare platelets were identified in 2 of 4 litters of mice at E10.5. These platelets were very large with a diameter of 4.2 ± 0.4 (mean ± SEM) microns. Platelet size remained large (4.0-3.8 microns) at E11.5–E12.5, but decreased to 3.3-3.2 microns in diameter between E13.5 and E15.5 of gestation. At birth, the mean platelet diameter (2.8 ± 0.04 microns) was similar to that of adult mice (2.7 microns). These results indicate that large, embryonic platelets begin to circulate in the mouse embryo beginning at E10.5 and raise the possibility that embryonic, fetal, and adult waves of platelets are produced during mammalian embryogenesis. Using a collagen-based culture system, megakaryocyte progenitors (Meg-CFC) were first identified in late primitive streak embryos (E7.25), concomitant with primitive erythroid progenitors. Meg-CFC numbers subsequently expand in the yolk sac along with BFU-E before the development of the fetal liver. To examine the relationship of the megakaryocyte and primitive erythroid lineages in the yolk sac, we stained hematopoietic colonies grown in collagen for 5–10 days with anti-GP1bβ (megakaryocyte) and anti-βH1-globin (primitive erythroid) antibodies. As expected, the majority of the stained colonies were primitive erythroid (containing only βH1-globin-positive cells) and approximately 15% of the colonies were megakaryocyte (containing only GP1bβ-positive cells). However, 15% of the colonies contained both GP1bβ- and βH1-globin-positive cells consistent with an origin from bipotential primitive erythroid/megakaryocyte progenitors. Furthermore, proplatelet formation was evident in both unipotential and bipotential megakaryocyte colonies cultured for 10 days. Our studies support the concept that the megakaryocyte and primitive erythroid lineages originate in the yolk sac from a bipotential precursor. This parallels lineage relationships in the bone marrow which contains bipotential definitive erythroid/megakaryocyte progenitors. Finally, we hypothesize that yolk sac-derived “primitive” Meg-CFC give rise to the first embryonic platelets that enter the bloodstream soon after the onset of circulation as the fetal liver becomes a hematopoietic organ.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is a normal physiologic process. It is important to distinguish GER from GER disease (GERD) since GER does not require treatment. Although a diagnosis of GERD can largely be based on history and physical alone, endoscopy and pH impedance studies can help make the diagnosis when there in atypical presentation. In children and adolescents, lifestyle changes and acid suppression are first-line treatments for GERD. In infants, acid suppression is not effective, but a trial of hydrolyzed formula can be considered, as milk protein sensitivity can be difficult to differentiate from GER symptoms.
Perspective taking, empathic concern, and perceived humanness of people with dementia

ABSTRACTPast work has documented the detrimental psychological and health outcomes of negative age stereotypes and dehumanization of older adults. We investigated the role of perspective taking in enhancing positive perceptions of humanness of older individuals with dementia. To manipulate perspective taking, participants either imagined the situation of an older woman with dementia (n = 35), remained objective and detached (n = 37), or received no instructions (n = 35). We measured evidence of impairments of humanness needed to conclude personhood loss for the woman with dementia (i.e., humanness standards). Compared to stay-objective participants, imagine-other and no-instructions participants asked for more evidence of impairments of uniquely human characteristics, but not of human nature characteristics, in order to conclude personhood loss for the woman with dementia. Empathic concern for the woman with dementia mediated this effect. We discuss the importance of studying perceptions of personhood of ...