cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuum charge-exchange spectra and the quenching of Gamow-Teller strength

Charge-exchange spectra for the $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$(p,n) reaction at 200 MeV are calculated over the range -70\ensuremath{\le}${Q}_{\mathrm{pn}}$ (MeV)\ensuremath{\le}0, in an effort to assess the degree of quenching and/or redistribution of Gamow-Teller strength. Comparison with the data suggests that the mixing of 1p-1h with 2p-2h states provides the most plausible explanation of the missing Gamow-Teller strength. Predicted spectra for anticipated (n,p) data are also presented and it is indicated how such data may provide additional insight into the issue of missing Gamow-Teller strength.
Mentoring: Help With Climbing the Career Ladder:

Health Promotion Practice July 2006 Vol. 7, No. 3, 289-292 DOI: 10.1177/1524839906289269 ©2006 Society for Public Health Education In the July 2001 issue of this journal, Denard Goldman and Schmalz discussed mentoring in Tools of the Trade. Indeed, mentoring is a tool of the trade. Perhaps, it is one of the more important tools, as it helps to support the career development of our new professionals. Mentoring is not a new tool. It has been around for ages, dating back to Homer’s Odyssey. As the story goes, while Odysseus (aka Ulysses) prepared to go to war with the Trojans, he realized that while he was away fighting, he would need someone to take care of, guide, and advise his young son, Telemachus. So, Odysseus arranged for his son to meet his close friend and advisor, Mentor (Tobin, 2004). Just as Odysseus thought, a relationship developed between Mentor and Telemachus, and as they say, the rest is history. Odysseus’s idea to match an older, wiser, more experienced person with a young, inexperienced one has withstood the test of time. Today, mentoring programs abound. Government agencies and corporations have mentoring programs for new employees. Colleges and universities have mentoring programs for new faculty as well as for new students. In public service professions, such as teaching and nursing, mentoring is becoming more and more commonplace and is often a key element of orientation into these professions (Colley, 2002). Our own organization, SOPHE, has recognized the importance of mentoring and offers it for new professionals, new members, and those first-time attendees at national meetings.
Epicuticular wax of Cirsium arvense

Abstract Epicuticular wax of Cirsium arvense contains hydrocarbons (12%), esters (35%), free acids (3%), free alcohols (10%), triterpene acetates (8%) and 1,3-ditetradecanoyl-2-hexanoylglycerol (8%) as major components. Minor components are triterpene alcohols (3%) and nonacosan-10-ol (2%). The esters contain triterpene alcohol esters (19%) as well as esters of alkanols.
Heat-related illness: current status of prevention efforts.

Is the agent itself (i.e., environmental heat) more intense? Apparently it may soon become so, and perhaps it already is. It is now widely accepted that the long-discussed global warming trend is a reality, and some authors have expressed concern that the higher average temperatures will involve more heat waves.1 But the gradual increase in average summer temperatures is not, in itself, expected to produce increases in heat-related mortality. Paradoxically, heat seems to cause fewer health problems in characteristically warm areas than in those with a more variable climate; the temperature level required to increase mortality is actually higher in hotter climates.2,3 It is not the absolute temperature value, but rather the extent of upward deviation from the usual summer temperature that seems to be the key variable affecting mortality. Unfortunately, many current models of global climate change predict greater meteorologic variability (i.e., a greater number of such deviations from “normal” temperatures), and it is possible that summer meteorologic patterns currently associated with increased mortality will increase in frequency.2 An increase in heat-related mortality occurring as the result of global climate change is therefore a distinct possibility. Nevertheless, current models linking weather and mortality lack comprehensive validation, and their parameters cannot be calculated with sufficient reliability to allow precise estimates of the impact of climate change upon the death rate, if indeed there is any impact at all. The extent to which underlying long-term climate change may have influenced acute episodes of increased summer mortality in the midwestern and northeastern United States in recent years is still unclear. Accordingly, public health investigation of these episodes, including the outbreak in Chicago reported by Naughton et al.4 in this issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine and other similar investigations in recent years5,6 have appropriately focused on the hosts and environment.
Psychological flexibility mediates the relations between self-concealment and negative psychological outcomes

Consisting of two cross-sectional studies, the present study investigated whether psychological flexibility mediates the relations between self-concealment and negative psychological outcomes. Study 1 examined whether psychological flexibility mediates the relations between self-concealment and emotional distress in stressful interpersonal situations. In addition to replicating results of Study 1, Study 2 investigated whether psychological flexibility mediates the relationship between self-concealment and general psychological ill-health. Psychological flexibility was found to mediate the relation between self-concealment and emotional distress in stressful interpersonal settings and to partially mediate the relationship between self-concealment and general psychological ill-health.
First-principles calculations of lithium ordering and phase stability on Li x NiO 2

The phase diagram of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{NiO}}_{2}$ $(0lxl1)$ is calculated using a combination of first-principles energy methods and Monte Carlo simulations. The energy dependence of the Li-vacancy configurational disorder is parametrized with a cluster expansion. At room temperature ordered ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{NiO}}_{2}$ phases appear in the phase diagram at $x=1/4,$ 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, and 3/4. The predicted lithium-vacancy ordering at $x=1/4$ and 1/3 are in good agreement with experiments, while for the other phases no detailed experimental evidence has been reported. We predict a previously undetected phase at $x=2/5$ to dominate the phase diagram at low lithium content. The stability of ordered ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{NiO}}_{2}$ structures is determined by short-ranged repulsive in-plane Li-Li interactions and long-range attractive interplane Li-Li interactions. These attractive interplane Li-Li interactions are due to the Jahn-Teller activity of ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{+3}$ ions. As a result, ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{NiO}}_{2}$ behaves fundamentally different from ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$ even though their host structures are identical and Co and Ni have similar ionic sizes.
Hearing screening of adults

Abstract Hearing loss in adults can often be diagnosed by careful history and clinical examination. Simple tuning fork tests can help determine if the loss is conductive or sensori-neural, both of which may have several causes. Common external and middle ear diseases may cause temporary conductive hearing loss, which should resolve with treatment. The practitioner must be alert for more serious causes such as otosclerosis, cholesteatoma, and chronic otitis media. Sensorineural causes of hearing loss are common with aging and with noise exposure, but can also occur with Meniere's disease and acoustic neuroma tumors. Appropriate diagnosis and management can improve hearing and prevent other complications.
Predicting relapse to alcohol and drug abuse via quantitative electroencephalography

A sensitive and specific screening test that would identify the subset of substance-abusing patients at highest risk for relapse would constitute an important advance for treatment planning. This study examined the relative value of quantitative electroencephalography as a rapid, inexpensive, and noninvasive measure of relapse potential. The subjects were 107 substance-dependent patients enrolled in residential treatment programs. All were unmedicated and free of the complicating effects of major medical and neurological disorders. Structured clinical interview data and a 5-minute recording of the resting, eyes-closed electroencephalogram were obtained after patients had verifiably maintained abstinence for 1-5 months. Patients were then monitored for relapse or successful abstinence by research staff for an ensuing 6-month period. ANCOVAs of EEG power spectral density within pre-defined frequency bands revealed an enhanced amount of high frequency (19.5-39.8 Hz) beta activity among the 48 patients who later relapsed compared to both 59 patients who maintained abstinence and 22 additional subjects with no history of substance dependence. Importantly, in subsequent logistic regression analyses, fast beta power was found to be superior to severity of illness, depression level, and childhood conduct problems in predicting relapse. With fast beta power as the sole predictor, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value parameters for discriminating outcomes were 0.61, 0.85, 0.75, and 0.74, respectively. Additional ANCOVAs revealed that the EEG difference between relapse-prone and abstinence-prone groups was related to the interaction of two premorbid factors, viz., childhood Conduct Disorder and paternal alcoholism. The enhancement of fast beta electroencephalographic activity in patients who will later relapse most likely originates from a premorbid and subtle dysfunction involving frontal brain regions.
Effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on mouse liver function.

SummaryA micro-method utilizing blood from tail vessels has been devised for determining the BSP-retention of mice. This method has been shown to be a reliable test for altered function of livers damaged by CC14. When applied to mice at varied intervals after PVP administration, the BSP-retention values were invariably within the normal range. Increasing the dosage and the molecular size of the PVP did not increase the dye-retention. The results indicate that PVP, as used in this investigation, does not alter the mechanism of BSP-removal from the blood of normal animals, and it does not cause impaired liver function, either immediate or deferred, as determined by the BSP-retention test.
Mononuclear cells in salivary glands of normal and isoproterenol-treated rats

The purpose of this study was to analyse the phenotypical distribution of resident cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system in rat salivary glands, and to determine whether isoproterenol induces alterations in macrophage and lymphocyte surface-marker expression. Frozen sections of gland tissues were prepared from five normal rats, and from six rats treated with 20 mg/kg isoproterenol/day for 10 days. A panel of six monoclonal antibodies was used to identify membrane markers associated primarily with monocytes (ED1), mature tissue macrophages (ED2), lymphoid macrophages (ED3), MHC class II (Ia) antigens (OX6), CD5-positive T lymphocytes (OX19), and rat B lymphocytes (OX33). Double-labelling techniques were used to detect the coexpression of ED1/ED2 and OX6/ED2 mononuclear cell markers in the major salivary glands. ED2-positive macrophages were predominant in all three major glands, ranging from 96 cells/0.87 mm2 field in the parotid gland to 165 cells/0.87 mm2 in the submandibular. OX19-positive T lymphocytes were rarely observed in submandibular and parotid glands but represented a distinguishing feature of the sublingual. Moderate numbers of ED3-positive macrophages also were detected in sublingual tissues. In the submandibular and parotid glands, isoproterenol resulted in a decrease in ED2-positive cells, but ED2-positive macrophages increased in sublingual glands with isoproterenol. Isoproterenol resulted in a decrease in MHC class II antigen expression on submandibular and sublingual mononuclear cells but an induction of Ia antigen in the parotid gland. Double labelling revealed that isoproterenol induced coexpression of ED1/ED2 markers on mononuclear cells in the submandibular glands, but ED1/ED2-positive cells were absent from other glands. However, coexpression of MHC class II markers on ED2-positive cells in the sublingual and parotid glands of normal rats was frequently observed, with isoproterenol decreasing coexpression in the sublingual gland and increasing it in the parotid. B lymphocytes were not detected in any of the glands examined. These findings indicate that important differences exist in normal resident mononuclear cell subsets among the major salivary glands of the rat. The differential effects of isoproterenol on inflammatory cells may reflect important differences in local salivary gland immunoregulation. Although salivary gland inflammation induced by isoproterenol does not appear to result from immune mechanisms, the rich population of T lymphocytes and ED3-positive macrophages, and presence of MHC class II antigens, suggest that the sublingual gland may function as an immune organ and have a role in mucosal immunity.
Dynamic Chirality in Donor−Acceptor Pretzelanes

A series of donor−acceptor pretzelanes has been synthesized, using self-assembly and template-directed protocols, and the dynamic processes that these pretzelanes undergo have been investigated in solution. These compounds exist as libraries of diastereoisomers as a result of their multiple stereoelements, which are dynamically interconverted by several different, in some cases competing, processes. Altering the structure of the pretzelanes changes the rates and mechanisms by which these diastereoisomers equilibrate. Additionally, inserting an element of fixed chirality allows the equilibrium to be biased, while maintaining the barrier to the equilibration processes. These results bode well for the future construction of molecular devices based on switchable diastereoisomerism involving metastable states.
Managing stakeholders a Tourism Planning Model

Abstract Collaboration among key players is a fundamental ingredient in sustainable development efforts. To this end, this article discusses stakeholder theory and its application as a normative planning model, and introduces the relationship/transaction strategy continuum as a tool for applying this theory in development. In this application, planning authorities are directed to identify and proactively consider the transaction vs relationship orientations of key stakeholders. Congruency across this orientation increases the likelihood of collaboration in service delivery. In presenting case instances of tourism efforts, the application of the proposed stakeholder orientation matrix is illustrated. The article concludes with market segmentation strategies designed to promote alignment of the stakeholder orientations.
“Turnpike” Theory: A Revised Proof

Proof of Theorem 4. We first consider the sub-case where yt is proportional to xt for all t. Then we need only show that xt tends to a higher level along the von Neumann ray than yt* The factor of proportionality must be always no greater than one since otherwise xt would not be IE. Also, if the factor of proportionality were less than one, then xt would thereafter outgrow yt exponentially, and the theorem would be proved. If the factor of proportionality always equals one, then yt = xt contrary to hypothesis. We next consider the case where yt is not proportional to xt for some t, but still yt/lI yt I-y/I y 1. Let t be such that xt # kyt for no k>0 and combine (I/2)xt+(I/2)yt to obtain z`>>(l/2)xt`+(1!2)yt+` (strong convexity). Choose ay small enough so that zt+1 >>(1/2)xt 1 + (1/2)ytf' + ay.
Chlorophyll of Wheat Leaves with Differences in Leaf Rust Severity and Reaction Type

(1985). Chlorophyll of Wheat Leaves with Differences in Leaf Rust Severity and Reaction Type. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology: Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 146-150.
Low-power, open-path mobile sensing platform for high-resolution measurements of greenhouse gases and air pollutants

A low-power mobile sensing platform has been developed with multiple open-path gas sensors to measure the ambient concentrations of greenhouse gases and air pollutants with high temporal and spatial resolutions over extensive spatial domains. The sensing system consists of four trace gas sensors including two custom quantum cascade laser-based open-path sensors and two LICOR open-path sensors to measure CO2, CO, CH4, N2O, NH3, and H2O mixing ratios simultaneously at 10 Hz. In addition, sensors for meteorological and geolocation data are incorporated into the system. The system is powered by car batteries with a low total power consumption (~200 W) and is easily transportable due to its low total mass (35 kg). Multiple measures have been taken to ensure robust performance of the custom, open-path sensors located on top of the vehicle where the optics are exposed to the harsh on-road environment. The mobile sensing system has been integrated and installed on top of common passenger vehicles and participated in extensive field campaigns (>400 h on-road time with >18,000 km total distance) in both the USA and China. The simultaneous detection of multiple trace gas species makes the mobile sensing platform a unique and powerful tool to identify and quantify different emission sources through mobile mapping.
Activity of neurons in the anteromedial cortex during rewarding brain stimulation, saccharin consumption and orienting behavior

Abstract Single neuronal activity in the deep layers of the prelimbic and dorsal anterior cingulate regions of the anteromedial cortex (AMC) was recorded through chronically implanted fine wires (25 μm diameter) during reward-related behavior in five rats. Tests were conducted in a transparent plastic cylindrical chamber (28 cm in diameter) in which the water-deprived rats initiated and terminated trains of 50 Hz rewarding electrical stimulation to the ventral tegmental area or the medial forebrain bundle and approached and consumed a 0.01% saccharin solution. The rats were also presented with non-rewarding visual, olfactory and tactile stimuli which did not elicit approach but did elicit orienting behavior, i.e., head fixation in the direction of the stimulus, tracking head movements or tactile contact with the snout accompanied by sniffing. Of 60 neurons tested during intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), 43 showed consistent activity changes within 1 sec of onset. Decreases in activity were most common (32 of 43) but increases that appeared to be synaptically mediated (n = 9) or antidromically mediated (n = 2) were also observed. Neurons tested with two ICSS sites were likely to show the same response (28 of 30). Of 52 neurons recorded when the rat drank saccharin, 24 changed in activity with 16 showing decreases. Of 45 neurons tested during orienting behavior to the non-rewarding stimuli, 15 increased and 7 decreased in activity. Comparisons were made of activity during ICSS to that during drinking and orienting behavior. Neurons that decreased during drinking were likely to also decrease during ICSS. Neurons that decreased during orienting were likely to decrease also during ICSS and neurons that increased during ICSS were likely to increase during orienting. These results indicate that decreases in activity of AMC neurons may be significant in the registration of rewarding states and that orienting behavior appears to be an important correlate to increased activity in these neurons.
Electrophysiological biomarkers in spinal muscular atrophy: proof of concept

Objective Preclinical therapies that restore survival motor neuron (SMN) protein levels can dramatically extend survival in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) mouse models. Biomarkers are needed to effectively translate these promising therapies to clinical trials. Our objective was to investigate electrophysiological biomarkers of compound muscle action potential (CMAP), motor unit number estimation (MUNE) and electromyography (EMG) using an SMA mouse model.
The Effects Of Operating Parameters On Line-Width Measurements With An Optical Microscope

A current micrometrology program at the National Bureau of Standards is concerned with the development of calibrated artifacts and accurate methods for line-width measurements in the 1 to 10 μm region with application to measurements of critical dimensions on IC photomasks. A major program objective is to develop improved theory and experimental verification for line-width measurements made with commonly used optical-microscope systems. Most line-width measurement techniques utilizing an optical microscope apply some edge detection criterion to the image profile. The measurement is therefore affected by system parameters which affect the image profile, such as defocus, spherical aberration and coherence of the illumination. The effects of some of these parameters have been treated previously in the literature. As examples, image profiles for incoherent, coherent, and partially coherent illumination are presented. Image profiles are also given for oaring amounts of defocus with and without spherical aberration. However, these curves only indicate trends and do not represent image profiles that would result with realistic values of the system parameters.© (1976) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Posterior Simulation with Priors Specified on Functionals

Abstract Many Bayesian analyses use Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. MCMC techniques work fastest (per iteration) when the prior distribution of the parameters is chosen conveniently, such as a conjugate prior. However, this is sometimes at odds with the prior desired by the investigator. We describe two motivating examples where nonconjugate priors are preferred. One is a Dirichlet process where it is difficult to implement alternative, nonconjugate priors. We develop a method that allows computation to be done with a convenient prior but adjusts the equilibrium distribution of the Markov chain to be the posterior distribution from the desired prior. In addition to allowing more freedom in choosing prior distributions, the method enables the investigator to perform quick sensitivity analyses, even in nonparametric settings.
Group differences in emotional intelligence scores: theoretical and practical implications

Abstract Emotional intelligence is a relatively new concept and little research to date has examined group differences in test scores. In this study a common measure of emotional intelligence (EI) was administered to 275 participants (216 female) to examine how different groups score on a test of EI. Differences were compared for gender, ethnicity and age. Results indicated that females scored slightly higher than males and EI scores tended to increase with age. Group differences existed for ethnicity but favored minority groups, mitigating potential adverse impact concerns. Full implications for test development and organizational use are discussed.
Environmental stability of rugate filters: in-situ measurements of their spectral properties

ABSTRACTHistorically, the optical coating community has greatly improved the environmental stability of single and multilayer coatings through the incorporation of energetic processes into the deposition chamber. Typically three differentmethods are used to impart additional kinetic energy: 1) to the evaporant at the source, 2) to the evaporant while in routebetween the source and substrate , or 3) to the condensate at the substrate. One of the benefits of these energetic processes isthe reduction of the spectral shift of the filter with changes in relative humidity. Typical spectral shifts can range from tensof nanometers with nonenergetic processes to less than tenths of a nanometer with energetic processes. This paper contrastsin-situ measured spectral shifts over the visible wavelength region of single narrow reflection band rugate coatings placed inan environmental chamber. Measurements were taken at room temperature while incrementally increasing the relativehumidity from less than 2 to 90%. The measured rugate coatings were fabricated by three different processes: physicalvapor deposition, ion-assisted physical vapor deposition, and sputtering. The spectral shift of the reflection band for thephysical vapor deposition coating was 24.7 nanometers, as measured at the full-width-at-half maximum, and for the twomore energetic process coatings less than 2.6 Angstroms, the resolution of our measurement.Keywords: optical, coating, rugate, deposition processes, reflection, environmental chamber, relative humidity, in-situ,spectral shift
Pathways leading to glioblastoma multiforme : a molecular analysis of genetic alterations in 65 astrocytic tumors

✓ To characterize some of the genetic events underlying the development of glioblastoma multiforme, the authors analyzed 65 astrocytic tumors (seven pilocytic astrocytomas, eight astrocytomas, 16 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 34 glioblastomas multiforme) for loss of heterozygosity for chromosome 17p, loss of heterozygosity for chromosomes 10p and 10q, amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene, and amplification of the oncogenes N-myc, c-myc, and N-ras using Southern blot analysis. Alterations of the p53 gene (positive immunostaining for p53 protein in tumors with or without p53 gene mutations) in these 65 tumors were analyzed previously. None of the 65 tumors showed amplification or rearrangement of N-myc, c-myc, or N-ras oncogenes. The molecular analysis presented here demonstrates distinct variants of astrocytic tumors, with at least three genetic pathways leading to glioblastoma multiforme. One pathway was characterized by 43 astrocytomas with alterations in p53. Glioblastomas wi...
Osteomyelitis in children

Abstract 1. 1. Cases of osteomyelitis in children showing severe constitutional symptoms should be managed as emergency problems from the standpoint of the general condition and not the local. 2. 2. Acute osteomyelitis is a different problem in children under two years of age from that in children over two. 3. 3. A blood culture should be made in all acute cases. 4. 4. In acute cases without severe constitutional symptoms, the local process is an emergency problem. 5. 5. Infrequent dressing of wounds in osteomyelitis is a good procedure. 6. 6. The skin wound must be kept open as widely as possible until the cavity in the bone is well filled with firm, granulation tissue. 7. 7. Early skin healing favors retention of products which should be discharged and delays the ultimate bone healing.
A mesh free method using hyperinterpolation and fast Fourier transform for solving differential equations

In this paper we propose a new method of deriving the particular solutions of differential equations by using the Sloan hyperinterpolation and fast Fourier transform. The special features of our approach are that a close form of particular solutions can be easily obtained and the matrix formulation for evaluating particular solution is not required. The method of fundamental solutions is used to solve the boundary value problems. The computational efficiency of the method is demonstrated by several numerical examples of Poisson's, modified Helmholtz, and diffusion equations.
Tail shortening by discrete hydrodynamics

A discrete formulation of hydrodynamics was recently introduced, whose most important feature is that it is exactly renormalizable. Previous numerical work has found that it provides a more efficient and rapidly convergent method for calculating transport coefficients than the usual Green-Kubo method. The latter's convergence difficulties are due to the well-known “long-time tail” of the time correlation function which must be integrated over time. The purpose of the present paper is to present additional evidence that these difficulties are really absent in the discrete equation of motion approach. The “memory” terms in the equation of motion are calculated accurately, and shown to decay much more rapidly with time than the equilibrium time correlations do.
Condom use among criminally-involved adolescents

Condom use was studied for 421 sexually active, minority male adolescents who were currently in jail in New York City. Over three-quarters of the youths were users of alcohol and marijuana and about one-quarter were users of cocaine or crack, but drug injectors were rare. In the six months before arrest they had multiple sexual partners and about one-third had engaged in anal intercourse. Inconsistent condom use was the norm, with 17% reporting that they never used condoms and only 15% reporting that they used condoms every time for insertive sex. In multivariate analysis, more frequent condom use was independently predicted by gay/bisexual preference, greater acceptability and accessibility of condoms, partners' receptivity to use, self-initiation of use, and self-efficacy of avoiding AIDS. Condoms were used less frequently with steady than with causual partners, and rarely for anal or oral sex. AIDS prevention curricula addressing these factors should be delivered to high risk adolescents while they are temporarily accessible in jail.
Prognostic Relevance of Monosomy at the 13q14 Locus Detected by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Deletion of the chromosome band 13q14, which contains the putative deleted in B-cell malignancy (DBM) gene, and trisomy 12 have been demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques in malignant B-cells from patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). However, the prognostic relevance of 13q14 abnormalities as detected by FISH is unknown. We prospectively studied malignant blood cells from 54 consecutive, untreated B-CLL patients using FISH probes to the RB1 locus and DBM (markers D13S25 and D13S319) for band 13q14, as well as probes to chromosome 12. The cells from all cases were CD5+ CD20+, expressed clonally restricted surface immunoglobulin light chain, and had typical features for B-CLL on careful blood smear morphologic evaluation. Patients were followed for a mean of 3.9 years and treatment-free survival (TFS) was used in the prognostic factor analysis. Twenty-four (44%) patients were observed to have monosomy of the RB1 locus and 26 (48%) monosomy of D13S25 and D13S319. The 26 patients who had a deletion at at least one of these loci had a 48.4 month (mo) median TFS vs 31.1 mo for those without evidence of deletion at any 13q14 locus (p = 0.07). The seven patients found to have trisomy 12 had a median TFS of 6.9 mo vs 39.3 mo for those diploid for chromosome 12 (p < 0.01). When these seven patients with trisomy 12 were excluded from the analysis, patients who had a deletion at 13q14 tended to have a longer median TFS (50.1 vs 36.2 mos), but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.2). This study confirms the prevalence of 13q14 deletions in B-CLL and suggests that patients with this abnormality have a better TFS than those with trisomy 12.
Technology development decision economics for real-time rolling resistance monitoring of haul roads

Proponents of advanced technologies for the delivery of constructed facilities assert that information and automation technologies can significantly reduce construction costs. However, technology transfer has been greatly limited as practitioners are reluctant to adopt new technologies for myriad reasons including concerns over expertise requirements, value versus traditional approaches, implementation practicality, and risk. All of these concerns ultimately relate to cost versus benefit. While considerable automation research has been documented, thorough economic justifications in the literature have been rare in comparison. In this paper, the writers present and illustrate a model to assess the economics of construction equipment automation using a case illustration focused on the allowable cost of sensor technologies for real-time, in-field rolling resistance monitoring. Rolling resistance is vital in determining power train requirements, fuel consumption, and travel time associated with hauling operations. The absence of a true understanding of field changes in rolling resistance may result in a lack of insight regarding the interaction of jobsite characteristics and the performance potential of hauling operations.
Optimal Time for Early Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis

on days 0 through 1. The odds of mortality were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.00-1.58) and 1.93 (95% CI, 1.38-2.68), and the odds of postoperative infections were 0.88 (95% CI, 0.69-1.12) and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.05-2.23) for days 2 through 5 and days 6 through 10, respectively. Adjusted mean hospital cost increased from $8974 (days 0-1) to $17 745 (days 6-10). Analysis by each incremental day revealed the optimal time of surgery to be within the first 48 hours of presentation.
Posttraumatic pulmonary arteriovenous fistula presenting as multiple embolic strokes.

Theresa Mills, M.D.,∗ Shaminder Gupta, M.D.,† Frederick Helmcke, M.D.,∗ Jorge Lopera, M.D.,‡ Lynn Harrison, M.D.,§ Jorge Martinez M.D.,¶ David Luke Glancy, M.D.,∗ and Edmund Kenneth Kerut, M.D.∗∗ ∗Division of Cardiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, †Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, ‡Department of Radiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, §Department of Surgery, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, ¶Department of Emergency Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, ∗∗Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Heart Clinic of Louisiana, Marrero, Louisiana
Treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract In this review the following topics are discussed: the complexities of clinical staging in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, the results of Phase III non-surgical combined modality studies, the results of Phase II neoadjuvant surgical trials. Although there have been conflicting results, most studies comparing survival of patients with clinical Stages IIIA and IIIB lung cancer have shown significant survival differences between these stage groups. It also appears that patients whose clinical stage is T3, N0 may have the best prognosis and may be the group most likely to benefit from combined-modality treatment. Additional staging data based on findings at mediastinoscopy are needed to confirm this initial observation. Sequential treatment with cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy followed by radiation appears to produce a modest increase in 2-year survival rates. Further information regarding the effectiveness of this treatment sequence will be provided by a large, ongoing randomized trial comparing radiation alone versus two courses of vinblastine/cisplatin, followed by thoracic irradiation. In a recently reported study thoracic irradiation and concurrent daily cisplatin have produced significantly better survival than radiation alone or radiation combined with weekly cisplatin. Phase III trials of radiation and concurrent combination chemotherapy — particularly etoposide and platinum — should also be done. Both mitomycin/vinblastine/cisplatin and etoposide/cisplatin given with concurrent thoracic irradiation have produced relatively high response rates and encouraging survival results when given prior to pulmonary resection in patients with Stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer. However, concern about toxicity has resulted in the deletion of mitomycin from an ongoing Phase III trial testing preoperative chemotherapy. In contrast, Phase II trials of preoperative etoposide/cisplatin plus radiation have produced relatively high response rates with acceptable toxicity. These observations have led the Southwest Oncology Group to propose the development of a Phase III trial testing this regimen as preoperative treatment.
Photovoltaic effect and space charge capacitance of amorphous semiconductor-metal contacts

Abstract The space charge region of contacts to amorphous semiconductors were studied by measuring at various temperatures (i) the photovoltage as a function of light intensity and wavelength and (ii) the space charge capacitance as a function of frequency. Semitransparent electrodes of Au, Sb, Al, SnO 2 , and nichrome were used. For all except Sb the illuminated metal electrode has negative polarity. The photovoltage incrases first linearly with photon flux and then logarithmically. Capacitance measurements suggest the presence of “blocking” barriers for holes. The width is about several hundred Angstrom. The chalcogenide alloy used was Ge 16 As 35 Te 28 S 21 .
Memristive computing- multiplication and correlation

New memristors-based resistive logic computation units are introduced. By controlling the memristors' conditional set operation adaptively to one of the input polarities, bipolar signal multiplication of an input and a stored reference bit is performed by unipolar memristor devices and control switches. The multiplication result is registered in an output nonvolatile memristor so that the computed output can be accessed anytime later on by reading the output memristor's state. The memristive multiplier circuits demonstrate a fast correlation computing for highly complex inputs.
Re)Reading the Landscape

Insights from literary theory are applied to the analysis of landscapes. It is suggested that the concepts of textuality, intertextuality, and reader reception may be of importance to those interested in the notion that landscapes are read in much the same way as literary texts. It is further suggested that landscapes can be seen as texts which are transformations of ideologies into a concrete form. This is an important way in which ideologies become naturalized. What is lacking in the radically relativistic theoretical perspective of much of twentieth-century literary theory, however, is a consideration of the sociohistorical and political processes through which meaning is produced and transformed. Examples of the relation between texts and landscapes from several different types of societies are then offered.
Reconstructing the competitive dynamics of mixed-oak neighborhoods

The disparity between the potential for latent oak dominance within a stand and their region-wide decline in importance value raises questions about the competitiveness of oaks in early stand dynamics. We reconstructed tree height growth dynamics in mixed-species neighborhoods to determine if currently dominant oaks were ever shorter than their competitors and at what age currently subordinate oaks fell behind. In 23-36 year old mixed-oak stands in two physiographic provinces of Pennsylvania, we identified dominant and subordinate northern red oaks (Quercus rubra L.) and chestnut oaks (Quercus prinus L.) competing with adjacent non-oaks (red maple (Acer rubrum L.), sweet birch (Betula lenta L.), and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.)) of equal crown class. In each stand, we randomly selected 20 tree neighborhoods and collected stem cross sections every metre from the base to the tip of each tree. In the Allegheny Plateau province, dominant northern red oaks never averaged more than 2 m shorter than their competitors, while by age 20, subordinate oaks were commonly more than 2 m behind. Dominant chestnut oaks in the Ridge and Valley province were never more than 1 m shorter than their competitors; subordinate oaks, however, were generally always at least a metre behind. In both regions, growth dynamics of currently subordinate trees were indistinguishable from those of currently dominant trees during their first decade. Because oaks that were considerably behind at age 15 were likely to be subordinate by age 30, the window of opportunity for release to prevent oaks from becoming permanently overtopped and unable to recover may thus be relatively early (age 10-20).
Right atrial spontaneous echo contrast and thrombi in atrial fibrillation: a transesophageal echocardiography study

Abstract Background: Previous studies have reported the clinical and echocardiographic findings of patients with left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) and thrombi. We sought to study these characteristics in patients with right atrial SEC and thrombi. Methods: We reviewed 580 consecutive patients from the ACUTE (Assessment of Cardioversion Using Transesophageal Echocardiography) Registry and found 79 patients (14%, aged 67 ±; 13 years, 67 male) with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) findings of right atrial SEC or thrombi (group 1). This group was compared with a control group of 75 consecutive patients (group 2) (aged 68 ± 13 years, P = not significant; 49 male, P Results: Atrial fibrillation was present in 60 of 79 group 1 patients (76%). Five right atrial (6%) and 11 left atrial (14%) thrombi were identified. Both left ventricular ejection fraction (39% ±; 16% versus 47% ±; 14%; P =.0005) and presence of right ventricular dysfunction (n = 44 versus 18; P =.0001) differed significantly between groups 1 and 2, respectively. Right atrial area (24 ±; 6 cm 2 versus 22 ±; 6 cm 2 ; P =.02) was larger in patients in group 1. Left atrial SEC was present in 68 of 79 group 1 patients (86%). Patients with right atrial thrombi and right atrial SEC had a longer duration of arrhythmia (524 ±; 812 days versus 147 ±; 368 days, P Conclusions: Right atrial SEC has a prevalence of 14% in patients with atrial arrhythmia who undergo TEE-guided cardioversion. Right atrial thrombi are a rare finding and were seen in fewer than 1% (5/580) of patients with atrial arrhythmia. Right atrial thrombi among patients on anticoagulation therapy were not associated with clinically significant pulmonary embolism. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001;14:122-7.)
n-3 Fatty Acid Enriched Table Eggs: A Survey of Consumer Acceptability

Table eggs enriched with n-3 fatty acids may provide an alternative to fish as a source of these proposed healthful fatty acids. Successful marketing of this product may be influenced, however, by consumer perceptions of the egg as an unhealthful food. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to assess consumer perceptions of table egg health quality and to determine the potential consumer acceptability of an n-3 fatty acid-enriched table egg. A survey was conducted in five major Texas cities; over 500 consumers completed the survey. Data were analyzed using the chi-square procedure. The majority of consumers surveyed considered eggs healthful and reported purchasing eggs at least once monthly and consuming an average of three whole eggs per week, as compared with an average reported fish consumption of only one serving per week. Sixty-five percent of the consumers reported willingness to purchase an n-3 fatty acid-enriched table egg and of these, 71% were willing to pay an additional $.50 per dozen. These data indicate that n-3 fatty acid-enriched table eggs represent a viable means of incorporating n-3 fatty acids into the diet of health-conscious consumers.
Hybridization of Sbr and MoM for Scattering by Large Bodies with Inhomogeneous Protrusions

A hybrid technique combining the shooting-and-bouncing-ray (SBR) method and the method-of moments (MoM) is presented for analyzing scattering by large conducting bodies having small, inhomogeneous protrusions. In this technique, the MoM with an approximate Green's function is used to characterize the small protrusions, yielding an admittance matrix, which, when multiplied with the incident field on the protrusions, yields the currents induced on the protrusions. The incident field in the presence of the large bodies is calculated using the SBR method. The field radiated by the currents on the protrusions is also calculated using the SBR method with the aid of reciprocity. Furthermore, an iterative approach is developed, which can reduce the error introduced by the use of the approximate Green's function. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the efficiency, accuracy, and capability of the hybrid technique.
An Examination of the Consequences of Electronic Innovations

Examen des consequences desirables et non desirables, directes et indirectes, previsibles et on prevues de l'adoption d'une nouvelle technologie: etude dans le cas d'un noveau systeme de pret interbibliotheque
Nail or Plate Fixation of Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures: Changing Pattern of Practice: A Review of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Database

Background: A new method of fixation for intertrochanteric hip fractures that involves the use of an intramedullary nail that interlocks proximally into the femoral head was introduced in the early 1990s. Anecdotal observation of practice patterns during the Part II (oral) American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery examination suggested that the use of this method had increased substantially in recent years in comparison with the more traditional sliding compression screw technique. A study of the Part II database was undertaken to detect changing patterns of care for intertrochanteric fractures. Methods: During the process of Board certification, candidates for the Part II (oral) examination submit a six-month surgical case list and patient data into a secure database. The database was searched for all intertrochanteric fractures (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code 820.20 or 820.21) over a seven-year period (1999 through 2006). The cases were categorized by intramedullary nail or plate fixation on the basis of surgeon-reported Current Procedural Terminology codes. Relative utilization of the two devices was analyzed according to year and region, and the devices were compared in terms of complications and outcomes. Results: A dramatic change in practice was demonstrated, with the intramedullary nail fixation rate increasing from 3% in 1999 to 67% in 2006. Regional variation was substantial. The highest rate of utilization of intramedullary nail fixation was recorded by candidates from the South, Southeast, and Southwest, who converted to the new technology faster than those in the Northeast, Northwest, and Midwest. Overall, patients managed with plate fixation had slightly less pain and deformity in comparison with those managed with intramedullary nailing, with no significant differences being identified in terms of function or satisfaction. Patients managed with intramedullary nailing had more procedure-related complications, particularly bone fracture. Conclusions: From 1999 to 2006, a dramatic change in surgeon preference for the fixation device used for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures has occurred among young orthopaedic surgeons. This change has occurred despite a lack of evidence in the literature supporting the change and in the face of the potential for more complications.
An Empirical Evaluation of the CPI Home Purchase Index, 1973–1978

This paper examines the accuracy of the home purchase component of the Consumer Price Index. Alternative monthly index series are simulated over the period 1973–1978 using FHA Master Statistical File data. Hedonic indexes derived from monthly regressions are compared to series constructed by the current CPI index method, which utilizes only age and size of house in correcting for intertemporal quality change. Of particular interest is the BLS practice of “linking out” price changes occurring when FHA raises its ceiling on the size of insurable mortgages. This procedure may have led to a significant downward bias in the official index.