cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
foxD5a, a Xenopus winged helix gene, maintains an immature neural ectoderm via transcriptional repression that is dependent on the C-terminal domain.

Xenopus foxD5a, the full-length fork head gene previously described as a PCR fragment (XFLIP), is first detectable at stage II of oogenesis. Low-abundance maternal transcripts are localized to the animal hemisphere of the cleavage embryo, and protein can be translocated to the nucleus prior to the onset of zygotic transcription. Zygotic expression is strongest in the presumptive neural ectoderm at gastrula and neural plate stages, but there is minor paraxial mesodermal expression during primary gastrulation that becomes significant in the tail bud during secondary gastrulation. Expression of foxD5a in animal cap explants induces elongation and expression of mesodermal, neural-inducing, and early neural-specifying genes, indicating a role in dorsal axis formation. Zygotic foxD5a expression is induced strongly by siamois, moderately by cerberus, weakly by Wnt8 and noggin, and not by chordin in animal cap explants. Expression of foxD5a in whole embryos has differential dorsal and ventral effects. Ventral mRNA injection induces partial secondary axes composed of expanded mesodermal and epidermal tissues, but does not induce ectopic neural tissues. Dorsal mRNA injection causes hypertrophy of the neural plate and expansion of early neural genes (sox3 and otx2), but this is not the result of increased proliferation or expanded neural-inducing mesoderm. The neural plate appears to be maintained in an immature state because otx2 expression is expanded and expression of en2, Krox20, proneural genes (Xnrgn1, neuroD) and a neural differentiation gene (n-tubulin) is repressed in foxD5a-expressing cells. These results indicate that foxD5a maintains an undifferentiated neural ectoderm after neural induction. Expression of foxD5a constructs fused with the engrailed repressor domain or with the VP16 activation domain demonstrates that FoxD5a acts as a transcriptional repressor in axis formation and neural plate expansion. Deletion constructs indicate that this activity requires the C-terminal domain of the protein.
Leucine and Protein Synthesis: mTOR and Beyond

The effects of amino acid intake on protein synthesis in the intact rat appear to be mediated almost entirely by a single amino acid: leucine. The effect of leucine on protein synthesis appears to be closely associated with eIF4G phosphorylation and its association with eIF4E, but whether eIF4G phosphorylation actually mediates the effects of leucine or is merely associated with these events has not been elucidated. Additional research is needed to determine whether leucine effects eIF4G phosphorylation, whether eIF4G phos-phorylation is essential for the effect of leucine on protein synthesis, and whether mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) or another component of the mTOR complex is somehow involved in leucine-specific signaling.
Multiple selenocysteine content of selenoprotein P in rats

Partially purified selenoprotein P from rat plasma was digested with either trypsin, endoprotease Lys-C, or endoprotease Arg-C and analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Several 75Se-labeled peptides were detected. The moles of selenium in selenoprotein P were estimated based on the 75Se content of the 75Se-labeled peptide fragments. Using this method, selenoprotein P was shown to contain approximately 9 moles of selenium. This is the first report of a selenoprotein containing more than one selenium per polypeptide. These findings support the proposed function of this protein in selenium transport.
Recent Advances in Digital Holography

Selected applications of digital holography, e.g., reconstruction of 3D objects, microscopy, interferometry, etc. will be discussed, with emphasis on our recent work in the area, including multi-wavelength digital holography, compressive sensing, and transport of intensity.
Integrative Literature Review: Diversity Management Interventions and Organizational Performance:A Synthesis of Current Literature:

Despite the growing body of literature focused on diversity management and its implications for career experiences and perceptions, team dynamics, customer service, and other dimensions of organizational performance, a significant gap remains. To address the gap, this article reviews the managing diversity literature published between January 2000 and December 2005 to identify the subset of the literature that examines the effectiveness of specific diversity interventions implemented in organizations. Only 38 such studies were identified. We conclude that the current evidence base provides limited guidance to human resource professionals as they design and implement diversity interventions. Each study identified in the review is categorized by research methodology and by type of intervention: diversity training and education; mentoring; and other organizational development interventions. Characteristics of effective interventions are identified. Gaps in the literature and areas for future research are des...
Adsorption mechanism of acids and bases in reversed-phase liquid chromatography in weak buffered mobile phases designed for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Abstract The overloaded band profiles of five acido-basic compounds were measured, using weakly buffered mobile phases. Low buffer concentrations were selected to provide a better understanding of the band profiles recorded in LC/MS analyses, which are often carried out at low buffer concentrations. In this work, 10 μ L samples of a 50 mM probe solution were injected into C 18 -bonded columns using a series of five buffered mobile phases at pH W S between 2 and 12. The retention times and the shapes of the bands were analyzed based on thermodynamic arguments. A new adsorption model that takes into account the simultaneous adsorption of the acidic and the basic species onto the endcapped adsorbent, predicts accurately the complex experimental profiles recorded. The adsorption mechanism of acido-basic compounds onto RPLC phases seems to be consistent with the following microscopic model. No matter whether the acid or the base is the neutral or the basic species, the neutral species adsorbs onto a large number of weak adsorption sites (their saturation capacity is several tens g/L and their equilibrium constant of the order of 0.1 L/g). In contrast, the ionic species adsorbs strongly onto fewer active sites (their saturation capacity is about 1 g/L and their equilibrium constant of the order of a few L/g). From a microscopic point of view and in agreement with the adsorption isotherm of the compound measured by frontal analysis (FA) and with the results of Monte-Carlo calculations performed by Schure et al., the first type of adsorption sites are most likely located in between C 18 -bonded chains and the second type of adsorption sites are located deeper in contact with the silica surface. The injected concentration (50 mM) was too low to probe the weakest adsorption sites (saturation capacity of a few hundreds g/L with an equilibrium constant of one hundredth of L/g) that are located at the very interface between the C 18 -bonded layer and the bulk phase.
HIV testing as prevention among MSM in China: the business of scaling-up.

In this paper, I examine the emergence of goumai fuwu, or contracting with social organisations to provide social services, in the HIV/AIDS sector in China. In particular, I interrogate the outsourcing of HIV testing to community-based organisations (CBOs) serving men who have sex with men (MSM) as a means of scaling-up testing in this population, and how the commodification of testing enables new forms of surveillance and citizenship to emerge. In turn, I tie the scaling-up of testing and its commodification to the sustainability of CBOs as they struggle to survive. In recent years, the HIV/AIDS response in China has shifted to expanding testing among MSM in order to reduce new infections. This response has been catalysed by the transition to sexual contact as the primary transmission route for HIV and the rising rates of infection among MSM, leading government institutions and international donors to mobilise CBOs to expand testing. These efforts to scale-up are as much about testing as they are about m...
Effect of a zinc-deficient diet on mitochondrial and microsomal lipid composition in TEPC-183 plasmacytoma

Abstract A zinc-deficient diet caused an increase in microsomal membrane phospholipid levels compared to ad libitum controls. Cholesterol levels were found to be decreased 50% compared to either pair-fed or ad libitum controls, resulting in a sharp decline in the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. No differences were observed in the distribution of phospholipid classes among all three groups, either in mitochondrial or microsomal membrane fractions. Fatty acid analysis of PC and PE revealed a rise in the 18:2 fraction from zinc-deficient mitochondrial and microsomal membrane fractions. Mitochondrial PE and PC from zinc-deficient animals revealed a rise in the 22:6 fatty acid fraction while microsomal PC also revealed a corresponding decrease in 20:4. None of the zinc-deficient preparations differed significantly from either ad libitum or pair-fed controls in the content of long-chain alk-1-enyl ethers. The results of this study point to an effect of a zinc-deficient diet on lipid metabolism in tumor subcellular membranes which may account for the decreased rate of tumor growth observed in zinc-deficient animals.
Radiuin-226 and radon-222 in the coastal waters of west Florida: high concentrations and atmospheric degassing.

On the central portion of the west Florida continental shelf, radionuclide activities show unusually wide variations: radium-226 activities up to 350 disintegrations per minute per 100 liters, radon-222 activities up to 1300 disintegrations per minute per 100 liters, and deficiencies of radon-222 as low as –10 disintegrations per minute per 100 liters. Florida9s phosphate-rich strata seerm to be the principal source of the radionuclides, with the transfer occurring directly from sediments or indirectly in streams, ground-water flow, and geothermal springs. Winter storm fronts may enhance radon degassing in the shelf waters.
Distribution of pulmonary blood flow and total lung water during partial liquid ventilation in acute lung injury

Abstract Background . Gas exchange is improved during partial liquid ventilation (PLV) with perfluorocarbon in animal models of acute lung injury. The mechanisms are not fully defined. We hypothesize that redistribution of pulmonary blood flow (PBF) along with redistribution of and decrease in, total lung water (TLW) during PLV may improve oxygenation. Methods . We characterized PBF and TLW in anesthetized adult dogs by using positron emission tomography with H 2 15 O . Measurements of gas exchange, PBF, and TLW were made before and after acute lung injury was induced with intravenous oleic add. The same measurements were made during PLV (with 30 ml/kg perfluorocarbon) and compared with gas ventilated (GV) controls. Results . Oxygenation was significantly improved during PLV. PBF redistributed from the dependent zone of the lung to the nondependent zones, thus potentially improving ventilation/perfusion relationships. However, a similar pattern of PBF redistribution was observed during GV such that there was no significant difference between groups. TLW redistributed in a similar pattern during PLV. By quantitative measurements, PLV ameliorated the continued accumulation of TLW compared with GV animals. Conclusions . We conclude that PBF and TLW redistribution and attenuation of increases in TLW may contribute to the improvement in gas exchange during PLV in the setting of acute lung injury.
Construction of vectors and a genomic library for use with his3-deficient strains of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Abstract The construction of vectors for use in Schizosaccharomyces pombe using the his3 + gene as a selectable marker is described. In addition, we report the construction of a genomic library in a his3 + containing shuttle vector to facilitate the cloning of genes by complementation of mutant function in strains defective for His3 activity.
Usefulness of echocardiography in infants with supraventricular tachycardia.

1. Stampfer MJ. Estrogen replacement and coronary heart disease: a quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic evidence. Prev Med 1991;20:47–63. 2. Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Manson JE, Joffe M, Rosner B, Fuchs C, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and mortality. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1769– 1776. 3. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, Jackson RD, Beresford SA, Howard BV, Johnson KC, Kotchen JM, Ockene J. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321–333. 4. Grady D, Herrington D, Bittner V, Blumenthal R, Davidson M, Hlatky M, Hsia J, Hulley S, Herd A, Khan S, et al. Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II). N Engl J Med 2002;288:49–57. 5. Furberg CD, Vittinghoff E, Davidson M, Herrington DM, Simon JA, Wenger NK, Hulley S. Subgroup interactions in the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study: lessons learned. Circulation 2002;105:917–922. 6. Kannel WB. Lipids, diabetes and coronary heart disease: insights from the Framingham study. Am Heart J 1985;110:1100–1107. 7. Kleinman J, Donahue R, Harris M, Finucane F, Madans J, Brock D. Mortality among diabetics in a national sample. Am J Epidemiol 1988;128:389–401. 8. Harris MI. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance and plasma glucose levels in US population aged 20–74 years. Diabetes 1987;36:523–534. 9. Keating NL, Cleary PD, Rossi AS, Zaslavsky AM, Ayanian JZ. Use of hormone replacement therapy by postmenopausal women in the United States. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:545–553. 10. Gillum RF, Fortmann SP, Prineas RJ, Kottke TE. WHO criteria for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1984;108:150–158. 11. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, Furberg C, Herrington D, Riggs B, Vittinghoff E. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA 1998;280:605–613.
Converted‐waves angle‐domain common‐image gathers

Common-image gathers are very useful for velocity and petrophysical analysis. Wavefield-extrapolation methods produce Angle-Domain Common-Image Gathers (ADCIGs). For the conventional PP case, ADCIGs are a function of the opening angle. The representation of ADCIGs for PS data (PS-ADCIGs) is more elaborate than for conventional ADCIGs. In PS-ADCIGs, the P-to-S velocity ratio is a major variable in transforming the subsurface offset to the opening angle, and in transforming this opening angle to either the P-incidence or the S-reflection angle. Numerical studies show that when the P-to-S velocity ratio and image midpoint information are not incorporated the error in computing PSADCIGs is enough to introduce artifacts later in the velocity model.
Some applications of computerized symbolic manipulation in the analysis of chemical engineering systems

Abstract The potential advantages of using symbolic manipulation software in the analysis of mathematical models that describe typical chemical engineering systems is described. It is suggested that the systematic application of computerized symbolic manipulation would permit application problems in chemical engineering to be solved with greater efficiency and accuracy than using tedious manual operations which are susceptible to error. In addition, a greater degree of mathematical sophistication is possible which can provide greater insight into the physical situation when compared to purely numerical techniques. To introduce the application of symbolic manipulation to chemical engineering systems, several example problems are briefly described and solved using the software package MACSYMA. The particular ones used here describe the flow of thin liquid films, the exit age probability density function for nonideal mixing in a continuous-flow stirred tank, the steady-state reactant concentrations that exist in a train of backmixed reactors with first-order reaction, and the steady-state concentrations of an organic species in a countercurrent flow multistage extraction column. The use of these for pedagogical purposes and as an entry point for analysis of more sophisticated applications is suggested and discussed.
A hybrid MILP/CP decomposition approach for the continuous time scheduling of multipurpose batch plants

A hybrid Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP)/Constraint Programming (CP) decomposition algorithm is proposed for the short-term scheduling of batch plants that rely on the State Task Network (STN) representation. The decisions about the type and number of tasks performed, as well as the assignment of units to tasks are made by the MILP master problem (MP). The CP subproblem checks the feasibility of a specific assignment and generates integer cuts for the master problem. A graph-theoretic preprocessing that determines time windows for the tasks and equipment units is also performed to enhance the performance of the algorithm. To exclude as many infeasible configurations as possible, three classes of integer cuts are generated. Various objective functions such as the minimization of assignment cost, the minimization of makespan for fixed demand and the maximization of profit for a fixed time horizon can be accommodated. Variable batch-sizes and durations, different storage policies, and resource constraints are taken into account. The proposed framework is very general and can be used for the solution of almost all batch scheduling problems. Numerical results show that for some classes of problems, the proposed algorithm can be two to three orders of magnitude faster than standalone MILP and CP models.
EVALUATING RESEARCH ARTICLES FROM START TO FINISH. Ellen R. Girden. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1996. Pp. xi + 290. $24.95 paper.

As I was preparing to do a workshop on research in second language acquisition, Evaluating research articles by Girden arrived on my desk. The timing was perfect and I was pleased to have this additional resource at my disposal. The book is designed for a wide-ranging audience, with examples presented from a variety of fields (e.g., social work, education, medicine, and psychology), although second language acquisition is not among them. The studies cited as examples include studies that are flawed in one way or the other, with the author leading the reader to understand the flaws.
Asynchrony of Conduction within the Canine Specialized Purkinje Fiber System

Asynchrony of conduction may prove to be an important mechanism for reentrant arrhythmias. The purpose of these experiments was to explore asynchronous conduction in the distal branches of the canine Purkinje system. Microelectrodes were placed in Purkinje bundle preparations resembling a T configuration, thereby permitting assessment of differential conduction times induced by premature beats (S 2 ). Equal conduction depression was observed in the post extrasystolic beat (S 1 at wide coupling intervals (S 2 -S 1 ). Asynchrony of conduction was frequently observed in response to narrow coupling intervals. These differential conduction times induced disparities of activation times greater than 50 msec. In fibers exhibiting preferential depressed conduction, local block was observed with further decrease in the coupling interval. Disparities of activation times at very short S 2 -S 1 coupling times could be markedly increased by minimal decrease in coupling intervals (in the order of 1 to 5 msec). Conduction depression was not clearly dependent upon the level of "take-off" potential or action potential duration. Asynchronous conduction may thus be induced by narrow coupling of premature beats and could account for reentry.
Reflection Coefficients for Wires and Cables at 10.6 μm

Measurements are given of the reflectivity coefficient for a variety of wires and cables at 10.6 μm. The results are presented as a function of wire incidence angle for two polarizations, parallel and perpendicular to the samples. The normal incidence reflectivity is very high, ranging from 610% for aluminum wire down to 16.8% for hemp rope in parallel polarization. The perpendicular polarization results are lower by a factor that varied from 5.9 to 2.04. Depolarization by the wires was also determined. The depolarization ratio was found to vary between 17.7% and 1%, being larger for the more irregular samples. The results indicate that a wire avoidance system could be developed for airplanes or helicopters using a scanning 10.6-μm laser and coherent receiver. The power required for such an application is estimated from the data and is found to be relatively low, only 28 W being required to cover a 20° × 90° field in 1 sec.
Denial of risk: The effects of positive impression management on risk assessments for psychopathic and nonpsychopathic offenders

Risk assessments for offenders often combine past records with current clinical findings from observations, interviews, and test data. Conclusions based on these risk assessments are highly consequential, sometimes resulting in increased criminal sentences or prolonged hospitalization. Therefore, many offenders are motivated to intentionally minimize risk factors and their negative consequences. Positive impression management (PIM) is especially likely to occur in offenders with high psychopathic traits because goal-directed deception is reflected in several of psychopathy's core traits of the disorder, such as manipulativeness, glibness, and superficial charm. However, this connection appears to be based on the conceptual understanding of psychopathy, and has rarely been examined empirically for either frequency of or success at deception. The current study examined the ability of a jail sample to intentionally minimize risk factors and related criminal attributes using a repeated measures, simulation design. In general, offenders were able to effectively use PIM to lower scores on the HCR-20 and the Self-Appraisal Questionnaire (SAQ), while the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS), as a measure of cognitive styles, was more resistant to such minimization. Psychopathic traits, especially high Factor 1 scores (i.e., affective/interpersonal), were associated with greater PIM. Important differences in the willingness and ability to use deception were found based on the (a) mode of administration (i.e., interview vs. self-report) and (b) level of psychopathy as measured by the Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R). The important implications of this research are discussed for risk assessment procedures regarding likely areas of deception and its detection. The current research also informs the growing literature on the connection between psychopathic traits and deception.
Laparoscopic antrectomy for the treatment of type I gastric carcinoid tumors.

Background While the optimal treatment for type I gastric carcinoid tumors remains controversial, there is evidence to suggest that in multifocal disease, antrectomy may not only control local disease but also may lead to enterochromaffin-like cell (ECL) hyperplasia regression compared to medical and endoscopic treatments. Materials and Methods A single institution retrospective review of eight consecutive patients with multifocal type I gastric carcinoid tumor patients with no evidence of metastatic disease was performed from 2005 to 2006. All of these patients underwent laparoscopic antrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction. Patients' preoperative gastrin, chromogranin A levels, and biopsy and surgical specimen slides were compared with postoperative laboratory and biopsy slides. Pathology slides were reanalyzed by a blinded pathologist from our institution for evidence of tumor and ECL hyperplasia regression. Results All patients tolerated the procedure well with no reoperations or mortalities. Six of eight patient complained of mild reflux which was treated medically. One of eight had a mild wound infection which resolved with a course of cephalexin. Gastrin levels significantly decreased (98.9%) in all patients (P = 0.001). Furthermore, chromogranin A levels also significantly decreased (81.4%). Eight of eight patients showed no evidence of carcinoid tumor after surgery at mean biopsy follow-up of 17 mo (range 2–35 mo), however there was ECL hyperplasia after resection. Four of eight patients (50%) showed regression of ECL hyperplasia on postop biopsy, while the remaining four of eight showed no evidence of regression. Conclusions This is the largest case series to investigate the surgical, clinical, and histologic outcomes of laparoscopic antrectomy in type I gastric carcinoid. Our data suggest that laparoscopic antrectomy is a safe and minimally invasive approach to treat nonmetastatic type I gastric carcinoid. All patients had no evidence of gross or microscopic disease at follow-up biopsy and almost half had regression of ECL hyperplasia at follow-up suggesting that antrectomy may be sufficient to prevent tumor recurrence. However, continued regular endoscopic surveillance and medical follow-up of patients with ECL hyperplasia are recommended.
Cannabinoid Receptors Can Activate and Inhibit G Protein-Coupled Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels in a Xenopus Oocyte Expression System

In this study, we focused on the pharmacological characterization of cannabinoid receptor coupling to G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels. Cannabinoids were tested on Xenopus laevis oocytes coexpressing the CB(1) receptor and GIRK1 and GIRK4 channels (CB(1)/GIRK1/4) or the CB(2) receptor and GIRK1/4 channels (CB(2)/GIRK1/4). WIN 55,212-2 enhanced currents carried by GIRK channels in the CB(1)/GIRK1/4 and CB(2)/GIRK1/4 system; however, the CB(2) receptor did not couple efficiently to GIRK1/4 channels. In the CB(1)/GIRK1/4 system, WIN 55,212-2 was the most efficacious compound tested. CP 55,940 and anandamide acted as partial agonists. The rank order of potency was CP 55,940 > WIN 55,212-2 = anandamide. The CB(1)-selective antagonist SR141716A alone acted as a inverse agonist by inhibiting GIRK currents in oocytes expressing CB(1)/GIRK1/4, suggesting the CB(1) receptor is constitutively activated. A conserved aspartate residue, which was previously shown to be critical for G protein coupling in cannabinoid receptors, was mutated (to asparagine, D163N) and analyzed. Oocytes coexpressing CB(1)/GIRK1/4 or D163N/GIRK1/4 were compared. The potency of WIN 55, 212-2 at the mutant receptor was similar to wild type, but its efficacy was substantially reduced. CP 55,940 did not elicit currents in oocytes expressing D163N/GIRK1/4. In summary, it appears the CB(1) and CB(2) receptors couple differently to GIRK1/4 channels. In the CB(1)/GIRK1/4 system, cannabinoids evaluated demonstrated the ability to enhance or inhibit GIRK currents. Furthermore, a conserved aspartate residue in the CB(1) receptor is required for normal communication with GIRK channels in oocytes demonstrating the interaction between receptor and channels is G protein dependent.
Contribution of Angiotensin II to Late Renal Injury after Acute Ischemia

Rats recovering from acute renal ischemia exhibit tubule loss and interstitial fibrosis followed by development of proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis. The current study assessed the contribution of angiotensin II (AngII) to these processes. The contribution of AngII to early tubule loss and interstitial fibrosis was assessed in rats studied for 35 d after right nephrectomy and transient occlusion of the left renal artery. One group of rats received no treatment, while a second group received losartan beginning at 2 d following ischemia. Studies at 35 d showed that losartan did not improve GFR (2.04 +/- 0.30 ml/min treated, 2.16 +/- 0.21 ml/min untreated), reduce the fraction of glomeruli that were no longer connected to normal tubule segments (42 +/- 9% treated, 42 +/- 13% untreated), or limit expansion of the interstitial volume fraction (25 +/- 3% treated, 25 +/- 4% untreated). The contribution of AngII to progressive glomerular injury following initial recovery from ischemia was assessed in similarly prepared rats studied for 140 d. One group of rats received no treatment, while a second group received enalapril beginning at 35 d following ischemia. Enalapril markedly reduced proteinuria (78 +/- 17 mg/d treated, 229 +/- 52 mg/d untreated) and the prevalence of segmental glomerular sclerosis (14 +/- 9% treated, 45 +/- 10% untreated). Untreated rats developed sclerotic lesions in glomeruli not connected to normal tubules, as well as in glomeruli connected to normal tubules. Enalapril prevented injury in both classes of glomeruli. These results indicate that AngII does not contribute to interstitial fibrosis during recovery from ischemic injury. Reduction of AngII activity, can, however, prevent secondary glomerular injury in kidneys initially damaged by ischemia.
"You must remember this": Trauma and Memory in Catch-22 and Slaughterhouse-Five

(2005). 'You must remember this': Trauma and Memory in Catch-22 and Slaughterhouse-Five. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 357-368.
Architecture and Performance of an Island Genetic Algorithm-Based Cognitive Network

This paper describes an architecture for a node in a cognitive network that employs distributed learning and reasoning. We present the architecture and describe a method of distributed reasoning using an island genetic algorithm. We then formulate a channel allocation problem that is unique to the use of cognitive radio networks for dynamic spectrum access. We provide simulation results for the island genetic algorithm as applied to our channel allocation problem.
Dual Processes and Moral Rules

Recent work proclaims a dominant role for automatic, intuitive, and emotional processes in producing ordinary moral judgment, despite the fact that we have little direct evidence about moral judgment "in the wild." Indirect support comes via an assumption of dual-process theory: that conscious, reasoning processes are resource intensive. We argue that reasoning that employs consciously available moral rules undermines this assumption, but this has not been appreciated because of a failure to distinguish between explanation and justification. We conclude that it remains unclear what sorts of cognitive processes are dominant in ordinary moral judgments.
An example of a GAS system which can be destabilized by an integrable perturbation

A construction of a globally asymptotically stable time-invariant system which can be destabilized by some integrable perturbation is given. Besides its intrinsic interest, this serves to provide counterexamples to an open question regarding Lyapunov functions.
Anesthesia for Patients with Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart defects occur in approximately seven of every 1,000 births (70). The most common of these are ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis, and atrial septal defects (50). For discussion of the pathophysiologic alterations in uncommon or combined defects, the reader is referred to the text by Kahn and colleagues (61). Understanding the pathophysiology of the congenital defects depends on a knowledge of fetal and transitional circulatory states.
A Minimum-Variance Observer-Estimator

An minimum-variance observer-estimator is developed which can provide a full-dimensional vector of state estimates for systems where the dimension of the measurement vector is smaller than that of the state vector and no measurements are noise-free.
The impact of vitamin D in breast cancer: genomics, pathways, metabolism

Nuclear receptors exert profound effects on mammary gland physiology and have complex roles in the etiology of breast cancer. In addition to receptors for classic steroid hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) interacts with its ligand 1α,25(OH)2D3 to modulate the normal mammary epithelial cell genome and subsequent phenotype. Observational studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is common in breast cancer patients and that low vitamin D status enhances the risk for disease development or progression. Genomic profiling has characterized many 1α,25(OH)2D3 responsive targets in normal mammary cells and in breast cancers, providing insight into the molecular actions of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and the VDR in regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis and differentiation. New areas of emphasis include regulation of tumor metabolism and innate immune responses. However, the role of VDR in individual cell types (ie epithelial, adipose, fibroblast, endotelial, immune) of normal and tumor tissues remains to be clarified. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which VDR integrates signaling between diverse cell types and controls soluble signals and paracrine pathways in the tissue/tumor microenvironment remain to be defined. Model systems of carcinogenesis have provided evidence that both VDR expression and 1α,25(OH)2D3 actions change with transformation but clinical data regarding vitamin D responsiveness of established tumors is limited and inconclusive. Because breast cancer is heterogeneous, analysis of VDR actions in specific molecular subtypes of the disease may help to clarify the conflicting data. The expanded use of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches on a diverse array of in vitro and in vivo model systems is clearly warranted to comprehensively understand the nework of vitamin D regulated pathways in the context of breast cancer.
Neutron star cooling: effects of envelope physics

Neutron star cooling calculations are reported which employ improved physics in the calculation of the temperature drop through the atmosphere. The atmosphere microphysics is discussed briefly. The predicted neutron star surface temperatures, in the interesting interval 300 ≤ t (yr) ≤ 105, do not differ appreciably from the earlier results of Van Riper and Lamb (1981) for a non-magnetic star; for a magnetic star, the surface temperature is lower than in the previous work. Comparison with observational limits show that an exotic cooling mechanism such as neutrino emission from a pion-condensate or in the presence of percolating quarks, is not required, unless the existence of a neutron star in the Tycho or SN1006 supernova remnants is established.
Model based process assessments

The authors present an approach that combines process modeling with process assessments. They use the structured analysis and design technique (SADT) modeling notation (D.A. Marca and C.L. McGowan, 1988). The DoD CIM Initiative has standardized on a subset of SADT, called IDEF0, to model business processes. A SADT (IDEF0) model was created of a large software maintenance process and the model led to process improvements that might have been missed otherwise. This model based process assessment approach is described as a process in its own right. >
The UL36 Tegument Protein of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Has a Composite Binding Site at the Capsid Vertices.

Herpesviruses have an icosahedral nucleocapsid surrounded by an amorphous tegument and a lipoprotein envelope. The tegument comprises at least 20 proteins destined for delivery into the host cell. As the tegument does not have a regular structure, the question arises of how its proteins are recruited. The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) tegument is known to contact the capsid at its vertices, and two proteins, UL36 and UL37, have been identified as candidates for this interaction. We show that the interaction is mediated exclusively by UL36. HSV-1 nucleocapsids extracted from virions shed their UL37 upon incubation at 37°C. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) analysis of capsids with and without UL37 reveals the same penton-capping density in both cases. As no other tegument proteins are retained in significant amounts, it follows that this density feature (∼100 kDa) represents the ordered portion of UL36 (336 kDa). It binds between neighboring UL19 protrusions and to an adjacent UL17 molecule. These observations support the hypothesis that UL36 plays a major role in the tegumentation of the virion, providing a flexible scaffold to which other tegument proteins, including UL37, bind. They also indicate how sequential conformational changes in the maturing nucleocapsid control the ordered binding, first of UL25/UL17 and then of UL36.
USE OF HERBAL THERAPIES AMONG MIDLIFE MEXICAN WOMEN

The cultural traditions of Mexican women living in the United States make it likely that some women promote their health and manage their symptoms using various herbal therapies, yet we know little about this phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare midlife Mexican women living in the U.S. who were or were not using herbal therapies with regard to the extent of their acculturation, beliefs about herbs, and factors associated with their utilization of health services. A convenience sample of 30 Mexican women between the ages of 40 and 56 years completed face-to-face interviews in either English or Spanish. Nearly half reported using herbal therapies. With the exception of positive beliefs about herbs, we found few differences between herbal users and nonusers on acculturation or access to, and satisfaction with, health services. Although acculturation did not appear to influence whether the women used herbal therapies, it did relate to the types of herbs selected. Women most commonly reported using herbs popular in traditional Mexican culture, including manzanilla (chamomile), savila (aloe vera), ajo (garlic), una de gato (cat's claw), and yerba buena (spearmint).
Latitude Dependence of the Angular Dispersion of the Geomagnetic Field

Summary Changes in the direction of the Earth's magnetic field at a given site are produced in part by wobble of the main geomagnetic dipole, in part by fluctuations in the intensity and direction of the non-dipole field, and in part by changes in the intensity of the main dipole field. These three processes combine to produce an angular variance that is strongly latitude dependent. A method is presented for isolating the contribution due to variation with latitude of the average intensity of the non-dipole field. The aspect of geomagnetic secular variation most accessible to palaeomagnetic measurement is the angular dispersion of the field over long periods of time. The amount of the angular dispersion is determined by two factors. One is the angular wobble of the main geomagnetic field. The other is the time average of the ratio flF of the non-dipole field to the dipole field. This time average is of general geophysical interest because it provides a measure of the time average of the magnetohydrodynamic processes in the region of the Earth's core beneath the site where the palaeomagnetic samples were collected. The time average of the nondipole field may exhibit a longitude dependence and a latitude (or zonal) dependence. Existence of the former implies that lateral differences exist in the boundary conditions at the core-mantle interface. Lateral temperature variations (Cox & Doell 1964) or lateral differences in relief along the core-mantle interface (Hide 1966) may lead to longitudinal differences in the operation of the geomagnetic dynamo and hence to longitudinal differences in the time average of the non-dipole field. Even if the core-mantle boundary conditions were completely uniform, however, the angular dispersion of the geomagnetic field would still vary with latitude for two reasons. The first is that the Coriolis forces of the geomagnetic dynamo vary with latitude, hence it is reasonable that the nondipole field may also vary. The second is that because of the geometry of the vector addition of dipole and nondipole fields on a sphere, the geomagnetic angular dispersion will vary with latitude even if the non-dipole field is the same at all latitudes. The objective of the present study is to develop models that describe the latitude dependence of geomagnetic
Kawasaki disease: more patients are being diagnosed who do not meet American Heart Association criteria.

Objective. To determine the frequency of Kawasaki disease (KD) diagnosis in patients who did and did not meet American Heart Association (AHA) diagnostic criteria and to examine the clinical findings, the time to treatment, and the outcomes of the two groups. Design. Retrospective review of all patients with a discharge diagnosis of KD at a tertiary care children9s hospital (1991–1997). Results. A total of 127 patients were identified. All received intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) and had complete echocardiographic studies. AHA criteria were met in 81 (63.8%). More patients who did not meet criteria (9 of 46, 20%) had coronary artery abnormalities (CAA), compared with those who had the complete clinical picture (6 of 81, 7%). The 15 patients with CAA received IVIG later (12.4 ± 7.4 days) from onset of symptoms compared with those with no CAA (8.2 ± 4.6). The time period was the same for patients with CAA who met the criteria, (11.8 ± 5.8 days) as for patients who did not meet AHA criteria (12.8 ± 8.6 days). Infants were more likely than were older children to develop CAA, to receive IVIG later, and to be diagnosed with an incomplete clinical picture. Conclusion. Physicians are increasingly likely to diagnose KD in patients who do not meet complete AHA criteria. Despite the potential risks of overdiagnosis and overtreatment, this practice seems justified because the complete criteria are an insensitive indicator of having or developing CAA.
UNMASKING UNMASKED DEPRESSION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: THE PROBLEM OF COMORBIDITY

Abstract The unmasking of childhood depression has stimulated considerable research, but the field has drifted unintentionally toward the reification of childhood depression as an entity. In turn, the reification, often embodied in the form of diagnostic categorization, may contribute to premature closure on our understanding of childhood and adolescent depression. One of the major underemphasized characteristics of depression is that it rarely occurs by itself in children. Comorbidity is the rule rather than the exception, and thus, much of what we think we know about the disorder may be shaped by its co-occurrence with other disorders and symptoms. Accordingly, we discuss the conceptual and measurement issues in depression in youngsters, identify the extent of comorbidity, and then discuss some of the implications of comorbidity. Several research issues are raised concerning exploration of the meaning of comorbidity and its possible origins.
Top quark pair properties using the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The latest measurements of the properties of the top quark using the ATLAS experiment are presented. The top quark mass is one of the fundamental parameters of the Standard Model. A new measurement using the template method in dilepton events in which the event selection was optimised to achieve the smallest total uncertainty is presented. It is combined with a measurement on a multi-dimensional template fit that can constrain the uncertainties on the energy measurements of jets. In addition, measurements aiming to measure the mass in a well-defined scheme are presented. The top quark pair charge asymmetry is an asymmetry predicted to occur beyond leading-order QCD in the Standard Model, and may be significantly enhanced by the presence of new physics. The tt production charge asymmetry is measured inclusively and differentially using the 8 TeV ATLAS datasets in the dilepton channel and with lepton+jets events including boosted topology. Making use of the large number of top quark pairs collected, we also present measurements of the spin correlation between top and anti-top quarks and discuss their sensitivities to new physics.
Understanding Health Care in the 2012 Election

Examination of 37 telephone polls offers insight into the U.S. public's perceptions of the political environment surrounding health care, the role of health care as a voting issue, and the importance of specific health policy issues to voters' choices for President.
Learning to overcome epistemological challenges: A case of a cross-cultural action research exchange program between the United States and Japan

Cross-cultural experiences can offer unique opportunities to examine our assumptions that underlie our worldviews. This paper discusses a cross-cultural action research program in which US and Japa...
Geochemistry of Geologic Carbon Sequestration: An Overview

Over the past two decades there has been heightened concern about, and an improving scientific description of, the impacts of increasing carbon dioxide concentrations in Earth’s atmosphere. Despite this concern, the global rate of addition of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuel, now approaching 10 Gton C/yr, continues to increase, and at an accelerating rate (Fig. 1a). Although many still hope and believe that carbon emissions can be arrested at near the current rates, and decreased over the remainder of the 21st century, there is as yet little evidence that this is going to occur. The driver for carbon emissions is a globally increasing demand for energy, and the fact that energy can be produced relatively inexpensively and with well-developed technology by burning coal, oil and natural gas. Given that the focus on fossil fuel energy is not lessening to an appreciable degree (Fig. 1b), it is not only prudent, but necessary to have the technology to reduce the carbon emissions associated with fossil fuel burning. This reduction can potentially be accomplished with large-scale carbon capture and storage, where carbon dioxide would be captured from the flue gases of electric power generation facilities, purified, compressed, and injected underground as a supercritical fluid into porous geologic rock formations (Oelkers and Cole 2008). To be effective in reducing carbon accumulation in the atmosphere, this injected or “stored” CO2 must remain underground for thousands of years with only insignificant amounts of leakage back to the surface (Benson and Cook 2005). To date, a significant number of large CO2 injection demonstrations and more modest pilot tests have been linked to either Enhanced Oil (EOR) or Gas Recovery (EGR) operations such as at the Weyburn EOR site in Canada, the In Salah site in Algeria and the …
Analysis of Food Poisoning in Jieyang City During 2004-2007

Objective To understand the situation and rule of food poisoning in Jieyang city. Method The data from epidemiological investigation of food poisoning in Jieyang city during 2004-2007 were collected and analyzed. Results There were 36 episodes of food poisoning accidents, 372 food-poisoned patients, and 2 death, and the mortality rate of poisoning was 0.538%. Chemical factor was the main reason, accounting for 35.22%(131/372). Most food poisoning cases occurred in collective canteens and drinking occupying 47.22%(17/36). And the majority of the poisoning foods were the vegetables polluted by pesticides occupying 38.89%(14/36). Conclusion It was suggested that the hygiene knowledge training on employees should be strengthened, and supervision strength on collective canteens and drinking should be increased, which are the key points in the prevention and control of food poisoning.
Effect of Template on Structure of Zirconium Oxide

Mesoporous zirconium oxide was synthesized by the solgel procedure with surfactant C16H33(CH3)3NBr(CTAB) as structural template.The removal condition and template was investigated by TG-DTA and FT-IR.The effect of the calcined conditions and amounts of surfactant on the structure of zirconium oxide had been investigated.