cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imaging of the temporomandibular joint in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Objective Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is extremely common but frequently asymptomatic. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast remains the gold standard for identifying TMJ arthritis in JIA. A reliable scoring system with published MRI examples of typical acute and chronic TMJ arthritis changes will be invaluable for future prospective treatment trials of TMJ arthritis in JIA. Methods MRIs were collected from routine clinical studies assessing TMJ arthritis in JIA. Representative images were selected for publication to depict acute (synovial fluid, bone marrow edema, and synovial enhancement) and chronic (pannus, disc derangement, and condylar head flattening and erosions) TMJ arthritis findings. A preliminary MRI-based scoring system for assessing degrees of acute and chronic TMJ arthritis was developed and tested for inter- and intrareader reliability. Results TMJ MRIs representative of acute and chronic TMJ arthritis in JIA were selected from among thousands taken (>500 TMJ MRI studies annually at Children's of Alabama) since September 2007. Moreover, computed tomography scans depicting select bony changes (osteophyte formation, micrognathia) were chosen for publication. A description of the MRI protocol for assessing TMJ arthritis is included. A preliminary scoring system weighted for degree of acute and chronic TMJ arthritis MRI findings was found to have substantial inter- and intrareader reliability. Conclusion A published set of MRIs depicting representative acute and chronic changes will help establish a standardized scoring system to assess TMJ arthritis in children with JIA. Future validation will aid in assessing improvement during treatment trials of TMJ arthritis.
A monoclonal antibody defining a lymphoma-associated antigen in man.

A monoclonal antibody (Ab 89) was developed against a lymphoma-associated antigen on the tumor cells of a patient (N.B.) with a B cell, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (D-PDL). By indirect immunofluorescence, Ab 89 was shown to react only with N.B. lymphoma cells and was unreactive with normal N.B. lymphoid cells, normal fractionated peripheral blood cells, other normal lymphoid tissues, fetal tissues, and non-lymphoid malignant cells. In addition, Ab 89 was unreactive with conventional immunoglobulins, private and public HLA antigens, or Ia-like antigens. More importantly, Ab 89 was reactive with some B cell lymphoid malignancies. Of the 57 B cell lymphomas tested, it was found that Ab 89 reacted with approximately 10% of B cell D-PDL and B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Of interest was the finding that N.B. serum contained a circulating antigen which could specifically block the reactivity of Ab 89. The data obtained suggests that Ab 89 defines a tumor-associated antigen shared by a unique subgroup of B cell lymphomas. The group of patients reactive with Ab 89 did not fall into any histopathologic classification system. These data support the notion that there is greater heterogeneity of B cell lymphomas than may have been previously recognized.
Phosphoramidates VI. PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A PHOSPHORYL TRANSFER ENZYME FROM ESCHERICHIA COLI

Abstract An enzyme, catalyzing phosphoryl transfers from phosphoramidate or from various hexose phosphates, has been purified to a high degree from extracts of Escherichia coli. The purification involves the preferential denaturation of contaminating proteins at acid and at alkaline pH values, followed by chromatography on Biogel P-20, carboxymethyl cellulose, and diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The resulting enzyme is essentially homogeneous as shown by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and sucrose gradient centrifugation. It is capable of transferring phosphoryl groups from phosphoramidate and from several hexose phosphates to a variety of hexose (glucose, fructose, and mannose) acceptors and also to water. The pH optima, inhibitor specificities, and characteristics of the various reactions catalyzed by the enzyme are reported.
Fault-Tolerant Air Data Inertial Reference System development results

A new fault-tolerant inertial system architecture is emerging in commercial transport aircraft. This architecture. through sensor skew redundancy and fault tolerant electronics, provides improvement in the integrity, availability and cost of ownership. The system described is a Fault-Tolerant Air Data Inertial Reference System (FT/ADIRS). The system consists of a Fault-Tolerant Air Data Inertial Reference Unit (FT/ADIRU), a Secondary Air Data Attitude Reference Unit (SAARU) and six Air Data Modules (ADM). The FT/ADIRU is fault-tolerant and the SAARU is 100% monitored. The FT/ADIRU includes one additional level of redundancy above that required to dispatch the aircraft. This feature introduces the concept of deferred maintenance. Deferred maintenance allows airlines to schedule FT/ADIRU maintenance at their convenience and eliminates costs due to flight delays and cancellations caused by inertial system failures. The SAARU includes one level of redundancy above that required to provide the basic function. This feature provides fail-safe performance of the SAARU. >
AGCM Biases in Evaporation Regime: Impacts on Soil Moisture Memory and Land–Atmosphere Feedback

Because precipitation and net radiation in an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) are typically biased relative to observations, the simulated evaporative regime of a region may be biased, with consequent negative effects on the AGCM s ability to translate an initialized soil moisture anomaly into an improved seasonal prediction. These potential problems are investigated through extensive offline analyses with the Mosaic land surface model (LSM). We first forced the LSM globally with a 15-year observations-based dataset. We then repeated the simulation after imposing a representative set of GCM climate biases onto the forcings - the observational forcings were scaled so that their mean seasonal cycles matched those simulated by the NSIPP-1 (NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office) AGCM over the same period-The AGCM s climate biases do indeed lead to significant biases in evaporative regime in certain regions, with the expected impacts on soil moisture memory timescales. Furthermore, the offline simulations suggest that the biased forcing in the AGCM should contribute to overestimated feedback in certain parts of North America - parts already identified in previous studies as having excessive feedback. The present study thus supports the notion that the reduction of climate biases in the AGCM will lead to more appropriate translations of soil moisture initialization into seasonal prediction skill.
Arabidopsis : A weed leading the field of plant-pathogen interactions

Arabidopsis thaliana, like other flowering plants, exhibits specificity in resistance to plant pathogens. Using the genetic diversity present in differential accessions of Arabidopsis, over 49 loci which govern pathogen specificity have been identified. Similar to resistance genes from other plant species, the Arabidopis RPS2, RPM1, and RPP5 resistance genes encode leucine-rich repeat proteins, suggesting that Arabidopsis behaves in a manner similar to other angiosperms in disease resistance mechanisms. Novel insights into events subsequent to pathogen recognition in Arabidopsis have been obtained from analysis of mutants altered in defense. Not only have signal transduction pathways been deduced, but several genes involved in post-recognition events have been cloned using positional cloning methods. One such gene, NPR1, encodes an ankyrin-repeat protein with similarity to animal proteins which regulate the inflammatory response in mammalian cells and antifungal responses in Drosophila, suggesting an ancestral link in defense responses between the animal and plant kingdoms. NPR1 is not alone in providing novel insights into the mechanism(s) of disease resistance, the ein2 and hls1 mutants have clearly demonstrated that ethylene has a role in plant defense, and the cloning of the LSD1 gene provides a molecular tool to examine reactive oxygen species in programmed cell death.
Congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis: treatment with the Ilizarov method.

From the Division of Orthopaedics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY. Received for publication Jan. 25. 1994; accepted in revised form May 19, 1994. No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. Reprint requests: Luis E. Bolano, MD, University of Kentucky. Kentucky Clinic K-401, Lexington. KY 40536. who was treated with a rotation osteotomy by the Ilizarov method.
African American Evaluations of Black English and Standard American English.

AfricanAmerican undergraduates evaluated two language guises: BlackEnglish and Standard American English. The speaker in these guises described activities in a weekend (informal) and in a business (formal) setting. Based on their scores on the African Self-Consciousness Scale, 55 respondents were categorized as having either a low or high commitment to an African American identity. Results showed that persons without a committed Black identity evaluated Black English as lower on status than those with a committed Black identity. Black English was not perceived as reflecting higher social solidarity.
Light-induced coherent interactions between silver nanoparticles in two-dimensional arrays

Silver nanoparticles arranged in two-dimensional arrays experience quadrupolar coupling of plasmon resonances when irradiated with visible light. This coupling leads to the formation of the coherent plasmon mode characterized by an intense narrow resonance in the blue spectral range in the extinction spectrum. The coupling and the intensity of this mode can be effectively controlled by varying the distance between particles. The interparticle distance was varied by biaxial stretching of the arrays prepared in transparent elastomeric film of poly(dimethylsiloxane). The observed phenomenon exemplifies a generic approach in which new optical properties of materials can be engineered by organizing metal nanoparticles in various one-, two-, and three-dimensional structures. Further development of this approach will result in the discovery of novel principles of both fundamental and practical importance.
Endocytosis of the seven-transmembrane RGS1 protein activates G-protein-coupled signalling in Arabidopsis

Signal transduction typically begins by ligand-dependent activation of a concomitant partner that is otherwise in its resting state. However, in cases where signal activation is constitutive by default, the mechanism of regulation is unknown. The Arabidopsis thaliana heterotrimeric Gα protein self-activates without accessory proteins, and is kept in its resting state by the negative regulator, AtRGS1 (regulator of G-protein signalling 1), which is the prototype of a seven-transmembrane receptor fused with an RGS domain. Endocytosis of AtRGS1 by ligand-dependent endocytosis physically uncouples the GTPase-accelerating activity of AtRGS1 from the Gα protein, permitting sustained activation. Phosphorylation of AtRGS1 by AtWNK8 kinase causes AtRGS1 endocytosis, required for both G-protein-mediated sugar signalling and cell proliferation. In animals, receptor endocytosis results in signal desensitization, whereas in plants, endocytosis results in signal activation. These findings reveal how different organisms rearrange a regulatory system to result in opposite outcomes using similar phosphorylation-dependent endocytosis mechanisms.
Rational choice and irrational individuals or simply an irrational theory: A critical review of the hypothesis of perfect rationality

Abstract We first describe the foundations of the theory of rational choice and then show the experimental evidence of invariable failure of the most basic rules of the theory. Our conclusion from these findings is that the normative and positive analyses cannot be reconciled, and which one will be pursued is clearly dependent on how the role or the mission of economic analysis is defined. Moreover, we assert that the normative analysis has the appealing features of generality and uniformity. Modeling what is called imperfect or bounded rationality and what much more realistically describes the decision maker's actions is still far from reaching the same level of generality. Nevertheless, we suggest that construction of new theories of choice based on scientific, casual, or experimental observations that indicate systematic deviation from the rational man paradigm is necessary.
A comparison of shadow prices and reimbursement rates of hospital services

The purpose of this paper is to calculate shadow prices of hospital services and compare them to the reimbursement rates those hospitals receive. These shadow prices are calculated by estimating a multiple-output distance function and applying a dual Shephard's lemma, a technique suggested by Fare and Grosskopf [8]. In contrast to cost functions, distance functions require no price data and do not presume cost minimization. We apply this technique to a sample of California hospitals operating in 1986. We find that hospitals engaged in selective contracting for Medi-Cal patients exhibit closer agreement between relative shadow prices and relative reimbursement rates (Medi-Cal relative to private patients) than noncontracting hospitals.
Hispanic Representation in Special Education: Patterns and Implications.

The inaccurate placement of minority students in special education programs can take various forms including overrepresentation, underrepresentation, and misidentification. First, overrepresentation occurs when the percentage of minority students in special education programs is greater than that in the school population as a whole. Second, underrepresentation occurs when students with disabilities are not identified and do not receive appropriate services. Last, misidentification occurs when students with disabilities are identified as having a disability different from the one they actually have (G. Meyer & J. M. Patton, 2001; C. Y. Wilkinson, A. A. Ortiz, P. M. Robertson, & M. I. Kushner, 2006). To answer the question of whether Hispanic children are disproportionately represented in special education, the author conducted a literature review in a systematic manner using computerized databases. In addition, the author provides an integrative review of the literature on Hispanic representation in specia...
Vitamin D and bisphosphonate response.

Dear Editor, In their letter [1], Ortego-Jurado et al. report results of a prospective study of 61 postmenopausal women on chronic glucocorticoid therapy for mixed systemic autoimmune diseases. The women were being treated with a bisphosphonate as well as vitamin D for secondary osteoporosis. After 1 year, less than half of the patients showed a positive response (no loss of bone mass) with bisphosphonate treatment. This finding is said to be similar to our report [2] and other studies, which indicate that “real world” response to bisphosphonate treatment, may be less significant than that seen in published clinical trials. The role of vitamin D in response to bisphosphonate therapy is an important clinical question. The above study addresses this among women with systemic autoimmune diseases on chronic glucocorticoid therapy—a population quite different from that of our study where women on chronic steroid therapy were excluded. The criteria for non-response was no loss of bone mass after 1 year, which differs from our criteria which also included very low BMD after 24 months, and incident fragility fracture during bisphosphonate treatment, in addition to a >3 % decline in BMD. Furthermore, the mean duration between DEXA scans in our study was 26 months; longer than the 1year follow-up of this study. Patients in the study by OrtegoJurado et al. may have been categorized differently in terms of response status if a longer follow-up interval was allowed to elapse. Finally, this study reports a single value for the patients’ vitamin D level, whereas in our study, we reported the mean of several values over the course of therapy. The effect of vitamin D on bisphosphonate response among patients with chronic autoimmune disease and on chronic glucocorticoid therapy may well be different than that of postmenopausal women on long-term treatment for primary osteoporosis. Vitamin D supplementation may play more of a role in response when observed over a longer period of time. Additional, larger, long-term studies are warranted to further clarify the role of vitamin D in bisphosphonate treatment among women on long-term steroid therapy.
Management decisions in extremely premature infants

Survival rates in excess of 25% at 23 weeks' gestation and in excess of 50% at 24 weeks' gestation have been reported among live births in the 1990s within tertiary perinatal care centres in the USA and Australia. Decisions about medical management at these gestational ages can no longer be based merely on whether survival is possible. Relevant moral considerations include the primacy of the newborn's best interests, parental autonomy, physicians' duties of beneficence and non-maleficence, and distributive justice. There is significant variability between developed nations in the survival of extremely premature infants among cohorts born within perinatal tertiary care centres. This is, at least to some degree, the result of differences in the aggressiveness of obstetrical and neonatal management at these gestational ages. There is also great variability in the prevalence of major neurodevelopmental disability among survivors. Moreover, the prevalence of major disabilities does not inform quality-of-life considerations adequately. Despite similar gestational age ranges over which the benefit:burden ratio of aggressive obstetric and neonatal care is questioned in developed countries, there is marked variation in the frequency with which it is provided within these ranges. This is understandable given the relevant moral values and the different ways in which competing values will be balanced by different individuals, cultures and societies; the increasing survival of extremely premature infants, but the persistence of high (but widely variable) prevalences of major disabilities reported among survivors and even higher prevalences of mild-to-moderate neurodevelopmental sequelae; our imperfect ability to estimate an individual extremely premature infant's prognosis; and the complexities of estimating the quality of life from the individual's own perspective.
Endoscopic therapy in anomalous pancreatobiliary duct junction

Background: Anomalous pancreaticobiliary duct junction is associated with bile duct strictures, pancreatitis, choledochal cysts, and biliary carcinoma. Limited data are available for outcomes of endoscopic therapy. Methods: Review of 7537 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography from 1988 to 1997 yielded 18 patients with anomalous pancreaticobiliary duct junction. Therapeutic responses were tallied by chart review and phone calls. Results: There were 13 women and 5 men, with a mean age of 36 years. Twelve patients had no ductographic evidence of pancreatitis and 6 had chronic pancreatitis. Seven had choledochal cysts. Fifteen patients (83%) underwent endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy, two of whom underwent repeat endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy for recurrence of symptoms. The other therapies included stent placement for benign biliary strictures in 5 patients, lithotripsy of pancreatic stones in 1 patient, and choledochal cyst removal in 4 patients. Three cases with malignant biliary strictures are excluded from endoscopic outcome studies. The 12 patients with pancreatitis had a mean of 2.0 episodes per year before any treatment. After endoscopic therapy 7 patients had no further episodes of pancreatitis, whereas 5 patients had further episodes, with a mean of one additional attack per year, over 3 years mean follow-up. Conclusions: Patients with anomalous pancreaticobiliary duct junction have complex pathology associated with strictures, choledochal cysts, pancreatitis, and malignancies. Endoscopic therapy appeared to benefit 13 of 15 patients without malignant disease with elimination of or decreased frequency of pancreatitis. Endoscopic therapy appears to be a logical first step in the management of most symptomatic patients with anomalous pancreaticobiliary duct junction.
In-place leaching of primary sulfide ores: Laboratory leaching data and kinetics model

Experimental results obtained in laboratory leaching studies of primary copper sulfide ore in sulfuric acid systems pressurized with oxygen are interpreted by a computerized geometric model involving the movement of a reaction zone through the ore fragments. Physical properties of the ore, including size, shape, and mineral content, are considered. The leaching mechanism involves mixed kinetics and includes a surface reaction within a moving reaction zone plus pore diffusion of dissolved oxygen through the reacted portion of the ore fragment to the reaction zone. The results are applicable to conditions that would exist innuclear solution mining or similar processes in which the ore is converted into rubble and then inundated by a leach solution adequately supplied with oxidants. Experimental results at 90°C are correlated with the model, which includes temperature-dependent parameters.
PITALRE, a nuclear CDC2-related protein kinase that phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein in vitro

Members of the cell division cycle 2 (CDC2) family of kinases play a pivotal role in the regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle. In this communication, we report the isolation of a cDNA that encodes a CDC2-related human protein kinase temporarily designated PITALRE for the characteristic Pro-Ile-Thr-Ala-Leu-Arg-Glu motif. Its deduced amino acid sequence is 47% identical to that of the human cholinesterase-related cell division controller (CHED) kinase, which is required during hematopoiesis, and 42% identical to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SGV1 gene product, a putative kinase involved in the response to pheromone via its guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha subunit. PITALRE expression is ubiquitous, but its expression levels are different in various human tissues. PITALRE is an approximately 43-kDa protein that associates with three cellular polypeptides of 80, 95, and 155 kDa. PITALRE is localized primarily to the nucleus. In addition, we have identified a retinoblastoma protein kinase activity associated with PITALRE immunocomplexes that cannot phosphorylate histone H1, suggesting that the target phosphorylation site of PITALRE differs from that of CDC2 kinase. Interestingly, the retinoblastoma kinase activity associated with PITALRE does not oscillate during the cell cycle.
Quaternary Climates, Environments and Magnetism

Magnetism has a habit of turning up in different areas within the Earth sciences and defining new disciplines. One obvious example is magnetostratigraphy. Another is the subject of this book—environmental magnetism—which is the interpretation of environmental conditions and past climate from the record of variations in the magnetic characteristics of sediments. With its rapid and relatively straightforward magnetic measurements, the field has already had a major impact on our understanding of the paleoclimatology and the paleoenvironmental conditions of our planet.
Snow Blitz: The 2010–2011 U.S. Snow Report

10.1080/00431672.2012.653936-F0001 The snowy Seaside Park, New Jersey, beach on December 29, 2010. The 2010–2011 snow season across the United States was notable for deep accumulations of the white...
Cerebellar morphology in Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder

Tourette syndrome (TS) is defined by the presence of motor and vocal tics. Symptom severity varies over time but usually increases during grade school years and attenuates during adolescence. TS is 3–4× more common in males.1,2 Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are common co-occurring conditions.3 Disturbances of corticostriatothalamocortical (CSTC) circuits are thought to produce TS and comorbid OCD.4 Caudate nucleus volumes are smaller in persons with TS,5,6 and cortical thinning is present in primary motor, somatosensory, and premotor cortices in direct proportion to tic severity.7 Neurophysiological studies demonstrate increased excitability of motor cortices in persons with TS with and without OCD,8 which is believed to be a consequence of reduced inhibitory activity of GABAergic interneurons.9,10 Human and animal lesion studies have shown that the cerebellum participates in the control of motor functions.11 Virus tracing studies have demonstrated numerous closed-circuit loops linking motor cortical areas to cerebellar lobules VI, VIIB, and VIII and to the cerebellar dentate nucleus,12,13 a region integrally involved in the planning and execution of movements.14 The cerebellum also supports various language functions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) demonstrates activation of right crus I and lobule VI during verb generation.15,16 fMRI studies suggest participation of 2 corticocerebellar networks in verbal working memory. One functional network involves crus I and lobule VI of the cerebellum, as well as Broca’s area and premotor cortex (BA 44/6).17,18 Another involves lobules VIIB and VIIIA together with the inferior parietal lobe (BA 40).19 Right cerebellar lesions impair language development in children20 and verbal working memory and linguistic error detection in adults.21,22 Cerebellar involvement in motor and language functions has motivated cerebellar imaging studies in TS. A volumetric study reported no differences in cerebellar volumes of 20 TS boys compared with matched controls.23 Functional studies have reported cerebellar activation during tic generation,24,25 specifically in crus 1 and lobules VI, VIIB, and VIIIA.26 We report herein a high-resolution MRI study of cerebellar morphology in 310 persons, 163 with TS and 147 healthy controls. We hypothesize that cerebellar morphology in participants with TS differs from controls, and that these differences correlate significantly with tic severity.
Weighted sensitivity design of PID controllers for time-delay systems with a Smith predictor

Time delays in the feedback loop complicate the analysis and design of a controller system. The use of a Smith predictor in combination with a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller is a well-known technique for dealing with delays in stable systems. In this paper, a graphical method is introduced for finding all stabilizing PID controllers that satisfy a weighted sensitivity constraint of any arbitrary-order transfer function with time delay when the Smith predictor is used. Use of the Smith predictor tends to increase the size of the set of all PID controllers that satisfy the weighted sensitivity constraint in the controller parameter space. A numerical example is used to compare the set of PID controllers with and without a Smith predictor. A key advantage of this approach is that it requires only the frequency response of the plant.
On the Deduction of the Refractive Index Profile of a Stratified Atmosphere from Radio Field-Strength Measurements

A method developed by Macfarlane for the theoretical deduction of the refractive index profile of a horizontally stratified atmosphere from radio field-strength measurements was applied to several sets of radio field-strength data for which complementary measured refractive index profiles were available, for both standard and nonstandard meteorological conditions. The formal theoretical validity of Macfarlane's method was affirmed for the case of a linear M curve, dM/dH=3.6 units/100 feet, by application of the method to several theoretical radio field-strength profiles given by Standard Diffraction Theory. M curves were derived which were linear and possessed slopes within 3 per cent of the control slope of 3.6 M units/100 feet However, application of the method to the theoretical radio field-strength profiles of Standard Diffraction Theory revealed that in order to yield satisfactory refractive index data, a higher degree of accuracy was required of the radio field-strength data than one could expect to realize experimentally. The inherent sensitivity of the method to small, inevitable inaccuracies in the radio field-strength data makes it impossible to apply the method directly to experimental data. It is often possible, however, to approximate a radio field-strength profile, within the limits of experimental error, by an analytical curve or a combination of curves appropriately joined together.
A Negative Soil Moisture-Precipitation Relationship and Its Causes

Abstract This study examines a lagged soil moisture–precipitation (S–P) correlation for 24 yr of boreal summer (1979–2002) from the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), the NCEP–Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis 2 (R-2), the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR), 10 yr (1986–95) of data from phase 2 of the Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP-2), and two 24-yr model simulations with the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model version 3.1 (CAM3). The different datasets and model simulations all show a similar negative-dominant S–P correlation pattern with wet areas having more significantly negative correlations than the dry areas. The experiments with CAM3 show that this correlation pattern is not caused by the soil moisture feedback. Rather, the combined effect of the precipitation variability and the memory of soil moisture is the main reason for this correlation pattern. Theoretical analysis confirms this conclusion and shows that the correlation pattern is related to both the precipitation spectrum and the ...
A Changing Early Childhood Education Community: Where Next?

(1997). A Changing Early Childhood Education Community: Where Next? Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 1-9.
Information-theoretic treatment of tripartite systems and quantum channels

A Holevo measure is used to discuss how much information about a given positive operator valued measure (POVM) on system $a$ is present in another system $b$, and how this influences the presence or absence of information about a different POVM on $a$ in a third system $c$. The main goal is to extend information theorems for mutually unbiased bases or general bases to arbitrary POVMs, and especially to generalize ``all-or-nothing'' theorems about information located in tripartite systems to the case of partial information, in the form of quantitative inequalities. Some of the inequalities can be viewed as entropic uncertainty relations that apply in the presence of quantum side information, as in recent work by Berta et al. [Nature Physics 6, 659 (2010)]. All of the results also apply to quantum channels: For example, if $\mathcal{E}$ accurately transmits certain POVMs, the complementary channel $\mathcal{F}$ will necessarily be noisy for certain other POVMs. While the inequalities are valid for mixed states of tripartite systems, restricting to pure states leads to the basis invariance of the difference between the information about $a$ contained in $b$ and $c$.
Modeling human hematopoiesis: of mice and monkeys

![Figure][1] Models that accurately predict in vivo human hematopoiesis have long been sought by investigators studying the biology of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their clinical applications. However, the in vitro assays available clearly do not recapitulate true HSC function, and
Paradigms for pharmacologic use as a treatment component in feline behavioral medicine

Abstract Veterinary behavioral medicine remains an under-supported, under-appreciated, and under-taught specialty within veterinary medicine. Neuropsychopharmacology is the aspect that has provided the field with the most scientific legitimacy, but is also one of the most hotly debated. Paradigms for use of pharmacologic intervention include firstly ruling out any underlying medical cause. If a behavioral diagnosis can be made, treatment with psychotropic medication may be considered, although their use is most effective as part of an integrated treatment program that includes behavior modification. Used without an understanding of the mechanism of action, pharmacologic intervention may only blunt or mask behavior without altering processes or environments that produced the behavior. This paper reviews specific drugs, mechanism of action of those drugs, and relevant uses are reviewed for cats. Future advances in treatment in veterinary behavioral medicine will be pharmacological and neurophysiological. As the field of veterinary behavioral medicine expands, its paradigm will enlarge to include routine combination therapy and the implementation of neuropharmacological intervention as a diagnostic tool.
Understanding the Effect of Wall Conditions and Engine Geometry on Thermal Stratification and HCCI Combustion

Thermal stratification of the unburned charge in the cylinder has a profound effect on the burn characteristics of a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. Experimental data was collected in a single cylinder, gasoline-fueled, HCCI engine in order to determine the effects of combustion chamber geometry and wall conditions on thermal stratification and HCCI combustion. The study includes a wall temperature sweep and variations of piston top surface material, piston top geometry, and compression ratio. The data is processed with a traditional heat release routine, as well as a post-processing tool termed the Thermal Stratification Analysis, which calculates an unburned temperature distribution from heat release. For all of the sweeps, the 50% burned point was kept constant by varying the intake temperature. Keeping the combustion phasing constant ensures the separation of the effects of combustion phasing from the effects of wall conditions alone on HCCI and thermal stratification.The results for the wall temperature sweep show no changes to the burn characteristics once the combustion phasing has been matched with intake temperature. This result suggests that the effects of wall temperature on HCCI are mostly during the gas-exchange portion of the cycle. The ceramic coatings were able to very slightly decrease the thermal width, increase the burn rate, increase the combustion efficiency, and decrease the cumulative heat loss. The combustion efficiency increased with the lower surface area to volume ratio piston and the lower compression ratio. Lastly, the compression ratio comparison showed a noticeable effect on the temperature distribution due to the effect of pressure on ignition delay, and the variation of TDC temperature required to match combustion phasing.Copyright © 2014 by ASME and General Motors
Application of Demand Chain Initiatives to Small Businesses: Key Findings from the Indian Context.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) continue to contribute to economic growth in the US. While several SMEs operate in the demand chain, little research exists on how these businesses compete in this chain. Specifically, what are the capabilities of SMEs that can add not only customer value, but also ensure their survival in the demand chain? In addition, what are the challenges that they face? This paper provides an exploratory, qualitative study of these issues. Two SMEs in southern India were interviewed. In addition, directions for future research and implications for managers are provided.
The compressive response of a stratified fibrous structure

Abstract A model for the compressive response of an oriented fiber structure such as paper is derived in this work. The model provides a semi-quantitative description of the stress/strain behavior of a fiber structure. The model accounts for the deformation of fibers during compression, their finite fiber length, their elastic modulus, and their moment of inertia. Using a previously describe micro-indentation technique, the predicted impact of variables used in the model on the compressive response of paper is verified. Results consistent with the model are found including a strong dependence of the tangent modulus on apparent density of the sheet, and a relative insensitivity of the tangent modulus to fiber length. The three stage behavior of the paper compression described by Rodal [Soft-nip calendering of paper and paperboard. Tappi Journal 72 (5), 177–186] was also accounted for in the model.
Framing the Revolution: Circulation and Meaning of The Revolution Will Not Be Televised

This article analyzes the circulation and contingent social production of meaning of The Revolution Will Not Be Televised, the documentary film that chronicles the 2002 coup d'etat in Venezuela and its dramatic reversal. Drawing on interviews and observations with distributors and activists in New York City in 2004 and ethnographic fieldwork with community media producers in Caracas between 2003 and 2007, I explore how social actors contribute to the ongoing production of Revolution's impact. In this multisited account, I argue that the work of activists and distributors to frame the importance and authenticity of Revolution has been vital in molding debates and facilitating public discussion not only about Venezuelan politics but also about the role of media producers in shaping truth. This article draws attention to the ironies and complexities that filmmakers, distributors, and activists face when they use documentary film to challenge mediated depictions of the historical world.
OIC: Ontology-based intelligent customization framework for SaaS

Software as a Service (SaaS) with multi-tenancy architecture is a popular approach. To support a significant number of tenants, SaaS applications need be customizable to fulfill the various functional and quality requirements of individual tenants. This paper presents a unified and innovative multi-layered customization framework, to support and manage the variability of SaaS applications and tenants-specific requirements. Ontology is used to derive customization and deployment information for tenants cross layers. This framework also has an intelligent recommendation engine to support new tenants to deploy using information from existing deployed SaaS applications. A case study in mortgage application is used to demonstrate the proposed model.
Laparoscopic biliary and enteric bypass.

Very few patients with a periampullary neoplasm present with resectable disease. Consequently, various operative and non-operative techniques have been developed to palliate patients with unresectable periampullary disease. Laparoscopic biliary (cholecystojejunostomy) and enteric bypass (gastrojejunostomy) are reasonable options as compared to their open counterparts for operative palliation. However, only a limited number of carefully selected patients meet selection criteria for laparoscopic palliation. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 16:313–320, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hierarchical Robot Control In A Multisensor Environment

Automatic recognition, inspection, manipulation and assembly of objects will be a common denominator in most of tomorrow's highly automated factories. These tasks will be handled by intelligent computer controlled robots with multisensor capabilities which contribute to desired flexibility and adaptability. The control of a robot in such a multisensor environment becomes of crucial importance as the complexity of the problem grows exponentially with the number of sensors, tasks, commands and objects. In this paper we present an approach which uses CAD (Computer-Aided Design) based geometric and functional models of objects together with action oriented neuroschemas to recognize and manipulate objects by a robot in a multisensor environment. The hierarchical robot control system is being implemented on a BBN Butterfly multi processor. Index terms: CAD, Hierarchical Control, Hypothesis Generation and Verification, Parallel Processing, Schemas
Nonpulsatile arterial waveforms: Observations during graded testicular torsion in rats

Rationale and Objectives. We tested whether testicular torsion could completely damp distal arterial pulsatility, resulting in venous-appearing arterial waveforms. Methods. Progressively increasing testicular torsion was unilaterally produced in five rats. Doppler waveforms of the testicular artery distal to the torsion were obtained as soon as possible after each level of torsion until a complete absence of pulsatility was noted. Results. One animal was not studied further after the first 180° of torsion occluded flow. In three of the remaining four animals, the testicular artery resistive index (RI) at baseline (0.51, 0.58, 0.64) was within the range of the normal human intratesticular RI and decreased with increasing torsion, culminating in nonpulsatile, venous-appearing waveforms at high degrees of torsion. Conclusions. Testicular torsion can completely damp arterial pulsatility, resulting in nonpulsatile, venous-appearing arterial Doppler waveforms.
Environmental enrichment alters plus maze, but not maternal defense performance in mice

Maternal defense behavior (or maternal aggression) is a highly conserved behavior for protecting offspring that is normally associated with decreased fear and anxiety in rodent dams. Environmental enrichment can decrease indices of fearfulness and anxiety (and elevate novelty seeking) in laboratory animals. This study examined whether enrichment could alter levels of maternal aggression and elevated plus maze performance in lactating mice. One group of female mice was exposed to a series of novel objects for 1.5 months while the other group was not. As expected, mice that had been exposed to an enriched environment showed significantly more entries to and time on the open arms of an elevated plus maze while they were lactating. Enriched mice showed similar maze performances when tested 3 months later in a non-lactating state, even though enrichment had been removed for 3 months. Further, offspring of enriched dams exhibited maze performance similar to that of their dams, suggesting possible epigenetic influences on maze performance. In contrast, no differences in measures of maternal aggression or pup retrieval were detected between enriched and control lactating mice. Together, these results indicate that environmental enrichment has long lasting effects on plus maze performance, but does not alter maternal aggression. The findings also suggest that whatever neural pathways are altered by enrichment do not strongly overlap or regulate those governing maternal aggression.
A case of severe aplastic anemia secondary to treatment with lenalidomide for multiple myeloma

Lenalidomide is an important contemporary treatment option for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Rare instances of autoimmune conditions have been observed in association with its use. Although moderate myelosuppression is not uncommonly seen in patients treated with lenalidomide, aplastic anemia has not previously been reported to be associated with this agent. We describe a case of severe aplastic anemia (AA) that was probably induced by lenalidomide. A 64-year-old male patient developed progressive pancytopenia three weeks into therapy with lenalidomide for his relapsed MM. A bone marrow aspirate and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of AA and suggested the existence of an immunological reaction at the level of marrow. A gradual spontaneous recovery of normal hematopoiesis followed after the lenalidomide discontinuation.
Measurement and interpretation of maximal oxygen uptake in patients with chronic cardiac or circulatory failure.

Rapidly responding gas.analyzers have simplified the monitoring of oxygen uptake\(\left( {\dot V_{O_2 } } \right)\) in the clinical exercise laboratory. An incremental, exhaustive, upright exercise test can be safely used to determine the, plateau in oxygen uptake during exercise, ormaximal\(\dot V_{O_2 } \left( {\dot V_{O_2 } \max } \right)\), in patients with chronic cardiac or circulatory failure. We define\(\dot V_{O_2 } \max \) in these patients as an increase in\(\dot V_{O_2 } \) of less than 1 ml/min/kg despite an increment in work load. The value for\(\dot V_{O_2 } \max \) indicates the patient's aerobic capacity; it also predicts the maximal cardiac output during exercise and therefore serves as an estimate of cardiac reserve and of the severity of cardiac or circulatory failure. Symptom-limited\(\dot V_{O_2 } \) during exercise, termedmaximum oxygen uptake but more appropriatelypeak\(\dot V_{O_2 } \), bears no relationship to\(\dot V_{O_2 } \max \). The two terms should not be used interchangeably.
Occurrence of N-acetylalanine in the human brain.

— A substance identical with N-acetyl-l-alanine was isolated from an aqueous extract of human brain by a combination of paper and ion-exchange Chromatography. The isolated substance did not react with ninhydrin reagent but yielded alanine upon acid hydrolysis. An acetyl hydrazide was identified by paper chromatography of hydrazinolysates of the isolated substance and N-acetyl-l-alanine. The unknown alanine had the l-configuration. The results of elementary analysis of the isolated compound were in full accord with the analysis calculated for synthetic N-acetyl-l-alanine.
A volcanic activity alert-level system for aviation: review of its development and application in Alaska

An alert-level system for communicating volcano hazard information to the aviation industry was devised by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) during the 1989–1990 eruption of Redoubt Volcano. The system uses a simple, color-coded ranking that focuses on volcanic ash emissions: Green—normal background; Yellow—signs of unrest; Orange—precursory unrest or minor ash eruption; Red—major ash eruption imminent or underway. The color code has been successfully applied on a regional scale in Alaska for a sustained period. During 2002–2011, elevated color codes were assigned by AVO to 13 volcanoes, eight of which erupted; for that decade, one or more Alaskan volcanoes were at Yellow on 67 % of days and at Orange or Red on 12 % of days. As evidence of its utility, the color code system is integrated into procedures of agencies responsible for air-traffic management and aviation meteorology in Alaska. Furthermore, it is endorsed as a key part of globally coordinated protocols established by the International Civil Aviation Organization to provide warnings of ash hazards to aviation worldwide. The color code and accompanying structured message (called a Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation) comprise an effective early-warning message system according to the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. The aviation color code system currently is used in the United States, Russia, New Zealand, Iceland, and partially in the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia. Although there are some barriers to implementation, with continued education and outreach to Volcano Observatories worldwide, greater use of the aviation color code system is achievable.