cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
2016 Hans O. Mauksch Address Are Introduction to Sociology and Social Problems Morphing into Each Other? What Syllabi Can Tell Us

Given that so many college students take Introduction to Sociology or Social Problems or both, we wondered about the amount of content overlap in these courses. We designed a study that used content analysis of syllabi from these courses in order to measure the amount of convergence between the two classes. In our sample, nearly 70 percent of the content was similar. More worrisome, some significant concepts, such as research methods and symbolic interactionism, were barely mentioned in either course. Given the new political economy of general education and more specifically higher education, we raise questions about the implications of such course content convergence and encourage the discipline to begin to address these issues.
Image Feature Types and Their Predictions of Aesthetic Preference and Naturalness

Previous research has investigated ways to quantify visual information of a scene in terms of a visual processing hierarchy, i. e. making sense of visual environment by segmentation and integration of elementary sensory input. Guided by this research, studies have developed categories for low-level visual features (e.g., edges, colors), high-level visual features (scene-level entities that convey semantic information such as objects), and how models of those features predict aesthetic preference and naturalness. For example, in Kardan et al. (2015), 52 participants provided aesthetic preference and naturalness ratings, which are used in the current study, for 307 images of mixed natural and urban content. Kardan et al. (2015) then developed a model using low-level features to predict aesthetic preference and naturalness and could do so with high accuracy. What has yet to be explored is the ability of higher-level visual features (e.g., horizon line position relative to viewer, geometry of building distribution relative to visual access) to predict aesthetic preference and naturalness of scenes, and whether higher-level features mediate some of the association between the low-level features and aesthetic preference or naturalness. In this study we investigated these relationships and found that low- and high- level features explain 68.4% of the variance in aesthetic preference ratings and 88.7% of the variance in naturalness ratings. Additionally, several high-level features mediated the relationship between the low-level visual features and aesthetic preference. In a multiple mediation analysis, the high-level feature mediators accounted for over 50% of the variance in predicting aesthetic preference. These results show that high-level visual features play a prominent role predicting aesthetic preference, but do not completely eliminate the predictive power of the low-level visual features. These strong predictors provide powerful insights for future research relating to landscape and urban design with the aim of maximizing subjective well-being, which could lead to improved health outcomes on a larger scale.
Ectopic Parathyroid Hormone Secretion by A Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma

ABSTRACT Objective: Ectopic paraneoplastic secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is rare, with only 25 cases previously reported in the literature, including only 2 attributed to squamous cell carcinoma. The recent presentation of such a patient and subsequent review of the literature has alerted us to the need for clinicians to consider such an etiology in patients presenting with humeral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Methods: Significant hypercalcemia occurred in a 48-year-old male with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. The patient had hypercalcemia, elevated PTH, and normal PTH-related protein (PTHrp), without evidence of tumoral skeletal involvement. Comorbid primary hyperparathyroidism was suspected, but ultrasound and sestamibi scans of the neck were negative, raising the possibility of ectopic PTH production. This was confirmed by computed tomography–guided needle biopsy of a thigh metastatic lesion showing positive histochemical staining for PTH-specific antibodies and markedly elev...
Academic persistence among nursing students: A concept analysis

Background: Persistence, in academic settings, has been identified as a critical variable for success. Different than retention and attrition, persistence, as a personal characteristic, describes the student who progresses, despite opposition or importunity. Methods: The Walker and Avant framework was used to guide the analysis of the concept of academic persistence, specifically as it applies to nursing education. Results: Barriers to persisting, among nursing students, include academic and personal variables. As faculty, we are concerned with and responsible to provide interventions that address academic barriers to persistence; there is little we can, or should do with personal barriers. Conclusions: Being able to identify the difference between academic and personal variables is the initial step in providing appropriate, and valued interventions.
Can We Test for Liberation? Moving from Retributive to Restorative and Transformative Assessment in Schools

Schools in the United States are inundated with high-stakes, standardized tests, which are used as the central tool for educational policy and accountability systems there - often under the guise of promoting racial justice and civil rights. In this article the author uses empirical research on the impact of high-stakes to argue that, rather than promote educational equality, high-stakes testing in fact causes harm to working class and Black and Brown students as a form of retributive justice, which seeks to punish "wrongdoers" rather than addressing the actual material issues and conditions that contribute to educational achievement. Alternativey, in this article the author suggests that we can conceive of forms of restorative and transformative assessment that can be healing to our schools and communities as well as activist in nature.
Comparison of Enrichment Methods for Intact N- and O-Linked Glycopeptides Using Strong Anion Exchange and Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography

Heterogeneity of protein glycosylation poses great challenges for analysis that is key to understand structure and function of glycoproteins. Resolving this conundrum requires efficient and specific enrichment of intact glycopeptides for identification and quantitation. To this end, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) has been commonly used to enrich intact N- and O-linked glycopeptides. However, its effectiveness to enrich isobarically labeled glycopeptides remains unclear. Here, we studied three different enrichment methods for enrichment of N- and O-linked glycopeptides. It was found that removal of N-glycans prior to enrichment of O-linked glycopeptides by HILIC improved identification of O-linked glycopeptides by mass spectrometry. We also compared the enrichment of intact N- and O-linked glycopeptides using other chromatography methods and found that using cartridges containing materials for strong anion exchange (SAX) chromatography increased yield and identification of N- and O-linked g...
An engineered opsin monomer scrambles phospholipids

The G protein-coupled receptor opsin is a phospholipid scramblase that facilitates rapid transbilayer phospholipid exchange in liposomes. The mechanism by which opsin scrambles lipids is unknown. It has been proposed that lipid translocation may occur at protein-protein interfaces of opsin dimers. To test this possibility, we rationally engineered QUAD opsin by tryptophan substitution of four lipid-facing residues in transmembrane helix 4 (TM4) that is known to be important for dimerization. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of wild type and QUAD opsins combined with continuum modeling revealed that the tryptophan substitutions lower the energetically unfavorable residual hydrophobic mismatch between TM4 and the membrane, reducing the drive of QUAD opsin to dimerize. We purified thermostable wild type and QUAD opsins, with or without a SNAP tag for fluorescence labeling. Single molecule fluorescence measurements of purified SNAP-tagged constructs revealed that both proteins are monomers. Fluorescence-based activity assays indicated that QUAD opsin is a fully functional scramblase. However, unlike wild type opsin which dimerizes en route to insertion into phospholipid vesicles, QUAD opsin reconstitutes as a monomer. We conclude that an engineered opsin monomer can scramble phospholipids, and that the lipid-exposed face of TM4 is unlikely to contribute to transbilayer phospholipid exchange.
Bis-(disubstitutedphosphinyl)-alkanes—IV: Extraction of mineral acids, uranium (VI), and some lanthanides☆

Abstract Comparative partition data are presented for the solvent extraction of mineral acids, uranium (VI), and some lanthanide elements by dis-(di-n-hexylphosphinyl)-alkanes, [( C 6 H 13 ) 2 P(O)(CH 2 ) n P(O)(C 6 H 13 ) 2 , n=1,2,3,4] , as a function of the aqueous concentration of nitric, hydrochloric, and perchloric acids. Extractions from nitric and hydrochloric acids followed quite similar patterns when comparing partition data from the same acid media among the four compounds. However, large increases were noted in the distribution ratios obtained for extractions from perchloric acid with bidentate ligands having methylene carbon bridge lengths, n ≤ 2. Loading studies, differences in extraction, and visible spectra of the uranium (VI) perchlorate adducts of HDPM ( n = 1) and HDPE ( n = 2) were interpreted as possibly indicating the formation of disolvated complexes containing two chelate rings.
PRODUCTION OF SHEEP ERYTHROCYTE ROSETTE FORMING CELLS BY LYMPHOCYTES CULTURED WITH LEUCOCYTE DIALYSATES

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the production of sheep erythrocyte rosette forming cells (ERFC) by lymphocytes cultured with leucocyte dialysates. The possibility that low molecular weight substances, transfer factor among others present in dialysates of human peripheral blood might have similar properties is examined. The data suggest that leucocyte dialysate does not augment in vitro the number of sheep erythrocyte rosette forming cells which can be detected in short-term lymphocyte cultures. Dialysate does appear to augment the synthesis of the sheep cell receptor during the first three hours of culture. The effect of trypsinization and the effect of autologous plasma on the number of ERFC found in short term culture is studied. In plasma-free medium, viability after 24 h was markedly reduced although the percentage of rosette forming cells did not change. It is found that when 15% plasma was included in the culture medium, viability was preserved over the 24-h period and percentage ERFC remained stable.
Structural Studies of the Cholesteric Mesophase

Mesomorphic substances were discovered in the latter part of the last century and Reinitzer is generally accredited with the early work on cholesteric liquid crystals (34). The cholesteric mesophase is unique in that it can scatter white light to form brilliant colors. Nearly all cholesteric substances are esters of cholesterol. These compounds have a negative optical activity with an unusually large rotation. This large rotatory power is due to the unusual arrangement of molecules and not to the asymmetry of the individual steroid molecules. The colors formed by the cholesteric mesophase are due to the scattering of white light (circular dichroism). While one circularly, polarized component of the incident beam is reflected, the other is scattered, resulting in the formation of the classical iridescent colors generally associate with this mesophase (13).
Natural Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine Applications

This chapter reviews the use of naturally occurring biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration and the effects of tissue source and processing methods for these materials upon the host response. The pros and cons of naturally biologic scaffolds are discussed. Methods for the preparation of biologic scaffolds are shown to have a critical effect upon functionality of the device. The mechanisms by which biologic scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix can alter the default wound healing response from the well-described pro-inflammatory and scarring events toward a more constructive remodeling response, i.e., the site appropriate formation of functional tissue, are discussed in detail.
Employee Recognitions, Prosocial Organizational Behavior, and Customer Satisfaction Over Time

The study examines the impact of periodic feedback from a non- monetary, public, employee recognition program on employees’ aggregate prosocial organizational behavior (POB) and unit-level customer...
Particulate material fabric characterization from volumetric images by computational geometry

Abstract This study develops computational geometry techniques to characterize fabric anisotropy from volumetric images. Although numerous laboratory test results have demonstrated the importance of fabric anisotropy on the macro-mechanical behavior of granular soils, the fabric characterization methods are underexplored. The advances of X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) techniques enable researchers to scan three-dimensional (3D) volumetric images of granular soils to observe fabric. Taking the advantage of X-ray CT, this study integrates principal component analysis, 3D watershed analysis, and Delaunay triangulation technique to compute key parameters for fabric characterization, including particle long axes, contacts and contact normals, branch vectors, void ratios, coordination number, and average branch vector length. The developed methodologies are validated through the loose and dense natural river sand specimens (containing particles from sub-angular to well-rounded). The developed computational geometry techniques may facilitate soil experimentalists to explain the observed soil behavior in laboratory tests induced by fabric anisotropy, enable constitutive modelers to integrate fabric in constitutive models, and enable discrete element modelers to calibrate their simulation models.
Learning Feasibility for Task and Motion Planning in Tabletop Environments

Task and motion planning (TMP) combines discrete search and continuous motion planning. Earlier work has shown that to efficiently find a task–motion plan, the discrete search can leverage information about the continuous geometry. However, incorporating continuous elements into discrete planners presents challenges. We improve the scalability of TMP algorithms in tabletop scenarios with a fixed robot by introducing geometric knowledge into a constraint-based task planner in a robust way. The key idea is to learn a classifier for feasible motions and to use this classifier as a heuristic to order the search for a task–motion plan. The learned heuristic guides the search toward feasible motions and, thus, reduces the total number of motion planning attempts. A critical property of our approach is allowing robust planning in diverse scenes. We train the classifier on minimal exemplar scenes and then use principled approximations to apply the classifier to complex scenarios in a way that minimizes the effect of errors. By combining learning with planning, our heuristic yields order-of-magnitude run time improvements in diverse tabletop scenarios. Even when classification errors are present, properly biasing our heuristic ensures that we will have little computational penalty.
Soft News and the Four Oprah Effects

On September 21, 2009, President Barack Obama took to the stage of the Late Show with David Letterman, only the second time a sitting US president had appeared on a network late night comedy show.1 This appearance—Obama’s sixth on Letterman— capped an intensive media push by the President to promote health care reform, including interviews on five Sunday news shows the previous day. The interview addressed a variety of topics, ranging from the state of the economy to the war in Afghanistan, as well as how the President’s children were adjusting to life in the White House. Why would a sitting president add a late night comedy-oriented talk show to his already crowded weekend itinerary of five appearances on traditional news and interview shows? One obvious answer concerns the audience magnitude: nearly 7.2 million Americans watched the President on Letterman. Only 3.1 million watched Obama’s interview the day before on ABC’s This Week with George Stephanopoulos. A second, less obvious answer concerns the nature of Letterman’s audience. Compared to the typical audience for traditional news and interview programs, Letterman’s audience is less politically engaged, ideologically extreme, or partisan (Baum 2003a, 2005; Baum and Jamison 2006). Consequently, Letterman’s viewers are more likely to
Developing Leadership Competencies

The biggest challenge to leading it is not how you do when things are going well. It is how you deal with issues when they’re not. And the great leaders among us have the capacity to rise up to the occasion, to truly demonstrate what can be considered adequate leadership competencies when faced with two critical issues: One: crises. Two: the need to transform an organization. It is my strong belief that it is more important to know who you are than where you are going. Because where you are going may change constantly, but who you are remains defined. And as such, I propose to you that the conversation on leadership begins squarely on what competencies you have that enable you to lead, to motivate those whom you lead to action. Let me share with you specifically two important incidents that I consider are great beginnings for conversations on leadership.
Nationalism, satire, and Romantic ballet: Thackeray, Taglioni, and the good old (English) plan

In April 1833, William Makepeace Thackeray, then in his early twenties, saw the ballerina Marie Taglioni dance in London. The ballet was Charles Didelot’s Flore et Zephire, revived for four perform...
The Dark Side of Estrogen Stops Translation to Induce Apoptosis.

The role of hormones in triggering cell death has been controversial. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Li et al. (2019) have defined a molecular pathway where an unexpected estrogen receptor, phosphodiesterase 3A, allows its partner Schlafen-12 to inhibit survival pathways, ultimately leading to apoptosis.
A Nutrition Education Intervention Using NOVA Is More Effective Than MyPlate Alone: A Proof-of-Concept Randomized Controlled Trial.

The ability to classify foods based on level of processing, not only conventional MyPlate food groups, might be a useful tool for consumers faced with a wide array of highly processed food products of varying nutritional value. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a proof-of-concept nutrition education intervention on nutrition knowledge, assessed by correct classification of foods according to MyPlate food groups, MyPlate ‘limit’ status (for fat, sugar, sodium), and level of processing (NOVA categories). We utilized a randomized, controlled design to examine the impact of a MyPlate vs. combined MyPlate + NOVA intervention vs. control group. Intervention groups received educational flyers via email and participants were assessed using electronic baseline and follow-up surveys. The MyPlate + NOVA intervention group performed at least as well as the MyPlate group on classifying conventional food groups and ‘limit’ status. Moreover, the MyPlate + NOVA group far outperformed the other groups on classifying NOVA categories. Longer-term trials are needed, but our results suggest that NOVA principles may be more easily understood and applied than those of MyPlate. Education strategies focusing on level of food processing may be effective in the context of the modern food environment.
SATB1 establishes ameloblast cell polarity and regulates directional amelogenin secretion for enamel formation.

Polarity is necessary for epithelial cells to perform distinct functions at their apical and basal surfaces. Oral epithelial cell-derived ameloblasts at secretory stage (SABs) synthesize large amounts of enamel matrix proteins (EMPs), largely amelogenins. EMPs are unidirectionally secreted into the enamel space through their apical cytoplasmic protrusions, or Tomes’ processes (TPs), to guide the enamel formation. Little is known about the transcriptional regulation underlying the establishment of cell polarity and unidirectional secretion of SABs. The higher-order chromatin architecture of eukaryotic genome plays important roles in cell- and stage-specific transcriptional programming. A genome organizer, special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 1 (SATB1), was discovered to be significantly upregulated in ameloblasts compared to oral epithelial cells using a whole-transcript microarray analysis. The Satb1−/− mice possessed deformed ameloblasts and a thin layer of hypomineralized and non-prismatic enamel. Remarkably, Satb1−/− ameloblasts at the secretory stage lost many morphological characteristics found at the apical surface of wild-type (wt) SABs, including the loss of Tomes’ processes, defective inter-ameloblastic adhesion, and filamentous actin architecture. As expected, the secretory function of Satb1−/− SABs was compromised as amelogenins were largely retained in cells. We found the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (Eps8), a known regulator for actin filament assembly and small intestinal epithelial cytoplasmic protrusion formation, to be SATB1 dependent. In contrast to wt SABs, EPS8 could not be detected at the apical surface of Satb1−/− SABs. Eps8 expression was greatly reduced in small intestinal epithelial cells in Satb1−/− mice as well, displaying defective intestinal microvilli. Our data show that SATB1 is essential for establishing secretory ameloblast cell polarity and for EMP secretion. In line with the deformed apical architecture, amelogenin transport to the apical secretory front and secretion into enamel space were impeded in Satb1−/− SABs resulting in a massive cytoplasmic accumulation of amelogenins and a thin layer of hypomineralized enamel. Our studies strongly suggest that SATB1-dependent Eps8 expression plays a critical role in cytoplasmic protrusion formation in both SABs and in small intestines. This study demonstrates the role of SATB1 in the regulation of amelogenesis and the potential application of SATB1 in ameloblast/enamel regeneration.
ANDROID APPLICATIONS MALWARE DETECTION: A Comparative Analysis of some Classification Algorithms

The usage of the Android Operating System (OS) has surpassed all other operating systems and as a result, it has become the primary target of attackers. Many attacks can be geared towards Android phones mainly using application installation. These third-party applications first seek permission from the user before installation. Some of the permissions can be elusive evading the users’ attention. With the type of harm that can be done which include illegal extraction and transfer of the users’ data, spying on the users and so on there is a need to have a heuristic approach in the detection of malware. In this research work, some classification algorithms were tested to determine the best performing algorithm when it comes to the detection of android malware detection. An android application dataset was obtained from figshare and used in the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) for training and testing, it was measured under accuracy, false-positive rate, precision, recall, f-measure, Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). It was discovered that multi-layer perceptron performs best with an accuracy of 99.4%.
Extracellular Vesicle-Based Therapeutics: Preclinical and Clinical Investigations

Drug nanoformulations hold remarkable promise for the efficient delivery of therapeutics to a disease site. Unfortunately, artificial nanocarriers, mostly liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, show limited applications due to the unfavorable pharmacokinetics and rapid clearance from the blood circulation by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Besides, many of them have high cytotoxicity, low biodegradability, and the inability to cross biological barriers, including the blood brain barrier. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are novel candidates for drug delivery systems with high bioavailability, exceptional biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. They provide a means for intercellular communication and the transmission of bioactive compounds to targeted tissues, cells, and organs. These features have made them increasingly attractive as a therapeutic platform in recent years. However, there are many obstacles to designing EV-based therapeutics. In this review, we will outline the main hurdles and limitations for therapeutic and clinical applications of drug loaded EV formulations and describe various attempts to solve these problems.
Analytical Methods to Understand Deformation Mechanics in Additively Manufactured Metals

Additively manufactured metals can show more than an order of magnitude increase in variability in mechanical properties compared to traditionally manufactured materials. This makes the qualification of additively manufactured parts difficult, especially in safety critical applications where unexpected material failure can be detrimental. Sandia has been leading multiple efforts to understand the nature of this stochastic behavior by developing methodologies to efficiently characterize the variability in nominally identical parts, and investigating the role that stochastic defects, primarily voids, play in the deformation and fracture of components. In this talk we discuss the development of an automated high-throughput tensile testing set-up, utilized in a preliminary processing parameter study. We next discuss several studies that were motivated by this work where we utilized in situ micro-computed tomography to characterize the evolution of part geometry and void morphology in both simple and complex geometries, identifying the deformation mechanisms associated with void networks. Overall, these works have led to improvements in understanding the nature of stochasticity in additively manufactured metals and advancing our capabilities to predict and model failure in these materials.
Intellectual disability and mental illness among women sentenced to death in the U.S.: Constitutional and evidentiary dilemmas:

This study examined the cases of women on death in which evidence of the defendant’s intellectual disability or mental illness was presented at trial. Of the total population of 52 women on death r...
Response to Welch (2020): Real Estate Collateral Does Affect Corporate Investment

This short note is a response to Welch (2020), who claims that our results in Chaney, Sraer and Thesmar (2012) are not robust. We show that none of his findings invalidate our results. Welch makes three major points. First, he correctly points out that our baseline specification uses a common scaling factor (lagged capital stock) for our dependent (investment) and independent (real estate collateral) variables, creating a mechanical correlation between left- and right-hand side variables. We show in this note that, while this point is formally correct, our results are robust to controlling for or removing entirely this mechanical correlation. Second, Welch correctly, stresses that real estate prices are serially correlated, so that identification of a real estate collateral channel is potentially complex. We show in this note that our results are robust to controlling for the serial correlation in real estate prices. Third, Welch correctly worries about the fact that real estate prices are driven not just by local shocks (MSA or State), but also by common shocks (national). We show in this note that our results are robust to controlling for common national real estate shocks. In other words, while we recognize that Welch raises several important points, we argue that none of those results invalidate the baseline findings in Chaney, Sraer and Thesmar (2012). Yet, some of these objections suggest interesting leads for further analysis on corporate investment. We describe these leads in the note, hoping that they will inspire future research.
Traffic Analysis in Support of Hybrid SDN Campus Architectures for Enhanced Cybersecurity

The scale and complexity of campus networks continues to accelerate due to recent paradigms such as the Internet of Things (IoT) resulting in a heightened awareness of the need for enhanced cybersecurity. Traditional cybersecurity approaches such as the placement of firewalls and other policy enforcement mechanisms at strategic choke points effectively divide the network into zones and are unable to regulate intrazone host-to-host communication. This traditional approach introduces significant risk as there is little in place to prevent the horizontal propagation of malware or other unwanted traffic within a given zone. In this paper we explore approaches for improving cybersecurity in campus networks by analyzing contemporary campus traffic patterns and propose several architectural enhancements in light of these patterns which introduce strategically placed hardware or hardware-accelerated software data planes which are evaluated from performance and effectiveness perspectives.
A Retrospective on Fundamental Cause Theory: State of the Literature and Goals for the Future

Fundamental cause theory (FCT) was originally proposed to explain how socioeconomic inequalities in health emerged and persisted over time. The concept was that higher socioeconomic status helped s...
Myofascial Pain in Hysterectomy Patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of myofascial pain in women undergoing uncomplicated, minimally invasive hysterectomy for chronic pelvic pain, to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with preoperative myofascial pain, and examine the association between myofascial pain and postoperative pain in hysterectomy patients. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. SETTING A tertiary care teaching hospital. PATIENTS A total of 353 adult women who underwent uncomplicated, minimally invasive hysterectomy between January 2014 and 2016. INTERVENTIONS All women underwent a preoperative pelvic floor examination. Myofascial pain was diagnosed as tenderness and reproduction of pain symptoms in at least 2 of 6 pelvic floor muscles. Demographics, comorbidities, and intraoperative characteristics were compared between women with and without preoperative myofascial pain. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of the 353 women who underwent hysterectomy, the prevalence of myofascial pain was 42.7% (86.0% in patients with chronic pelvic pain [CPP] compared with 13.7% without CPP). Women with myofascial pain were more likely younger, Caucasian, sexually active, and with comorbid pain conditions. Patients with myofascial pain used a greater number of adjuvant pain medications before surgery including opiates (29.5%) but were only half as likely to use muscle relaxants (12.1%) for preoperative pain control. Contrastingly, in women without myofascial pain before surgery, controlled substances such as opiates (8%, p <.01) and benzodiazepines (3%, p <.01) were used at a three- fold lower frequency. Postoperative pain score was higher in patients with myofascial pain, with 37% reporting a visual analog scale score greater than 5 at the routine postoperative visit compared with only 1% of patients without myofascial pain. CONCLUSION Myofascial pelvic pain must be considered in the evaluation of CPP, especially in surgical candidates. Women with myofascial pelvic use a greater amount of pain medication preoperatively and have higher pain scores postoperatively. Identification of these high-risk patients before surgery may improve pre and postoperative pain management with a multimodal therapy approach.
The role of knowledge in building food security resilience across food system domains

Food systems are social-ecological systems essential for human life. Many food systems are in parallel operation globally, differing in their practices, impacts, use of knowledge, and resilience. Those that are adapted to local constraints and assets and intentionally use and preserve ecosystem services result in lower environmental impacts and are less prone to lead to catastrophic environmental thresholds. Actors within food systems are constantly changing their practices to adapt to pressure and perturbations. Changing activities are correlated with changes in knowledge systems as well. Contributions to the resilience of social-ecological systems have been identified and evaluated, primarily based in ecosystem studies. Many of these attributes (e.g., memory, learning, self-organization) have to do with forms of knowledge. This paper suggests characteristics of “resilient knowledge” and links it with enabling power to make needed changes. How can this enabling power allow social organizations from the community to the international scale to build resilience to all kinds of perturbations into their food systems and create the knowledge systems that resilience requires? This paper compares knowledge generation, transmission, access, and use in four food system domains (global industrial, independent commercial, local and sustainable, and fair trade) discriminated on dimensions of globalization and multifunctionality. The objective of these comparisons is to understand connections among the resilience of food systems, food security, and knowledge systems. The paper concludes with a case study of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS), hosted by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. The CFS embodies and facilitates many of the attributes of resilient knowledge generation and access; some of the tensions within the CFS reflect whether knowledge used by the Committee will have attributes of resilient knowledge. I argue that forms of knowledge generation, transmission, and access must be participatory, multi-actor, iterative, and transparent in order to build food security resilience. I also argue that knowledge at multiple scales must be resilient and interlocking in order to protect social organizations from food shortages and impaired food security.
Transcriptional (ChIP-Chip) Analysis of ELF1, ETS2, RUNX1 and STAT5 in Human Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

We investigated transcriptional control of gene expression in human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). We previously identified 3274 differentially expressed genes in human AAA tissue compared to non-aneurysmal controls. Four expressed transcription factors (ELF1, ETS2, STAT5 and RUNX1) were selected for genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation. Transcription factor binding was enriched in 4760 distinct genes (FDR < 0.05), of which 713 were differentially expressed in AAA. Functional classification using Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG, and Network Analysis revealed enrichment in several biological processes including “leukocyte migration” (FDR = 3.09 × 10−05) and “intracellular protein kinase cascade” (FDR = 6.48 × 10−05). In the control aorta, the most significant GO categories differed from those in the AAA samples and included “cytoskeleton organization” (FDR = 1.24 × 10−06) and “small GTPase mediated signal transduction” (FDR = 1.24 × 10−06). Genes up-regulated in AAA tissue showed a highly significant enrichment for GO categories “leukocyte migration” (FDR = 1.62 × 10−11), “activation of immune response” (FDR = 8.44 × 10−11), “T cell activation” (FDR = 4.14 × 10−10) and “regulation of lymphocyte activation” (FDR = 2.45 × 10−09), whereas the down-regulated genes were enriched in GO categories “cytoskeleton organization” (FDR = 7.84 × 10−05), “muscle cell development” (FDR = 1.00 × 10−04), and “organ morphogenesis” (FDR = 3.00 × 10−04). Quantitative PCR assays confirmed a sub-set of the transcription factor binding sites including those in MTMR11, DUSP10, ITGAM, MARCH1, HDAC8, MMP14, MAGI1, THBD and SPOCK1.
The effect of dnaA protein and n' sites on the replication of plasmid ColE1

Abstract The role of the dna A protein in the replication of plasmid ColE1 and its derivatives was examined. Wild-type and mutant ColE1 plasmids were compared as to their ability to replicate in an in vitro replication system supplemented with ammonium sulfate fractionated extracts from a dnaA-overproducing strain. Synthesis on plasmid templates containing the wild-type origin of replication was stimulated 1.3-fold by addition of the dnaA-overproducing extract. A larger effect was observed after deletion of the primosome assembly site, the n' site, on the leading strand. On the latter template, synthesis was only about one-half that observed with the wild-type templates, but synthesis could be restored to normal levels by addition of the dnaA-overproducing fractions. When the n' site on the lagging strand of pBR322 was deleted, synthesis in the in vitro replication system was reduced to less than 10% of levels seen with intact templates. dnaA-overproducing extract did not restore activity since the dnaA site was also deleted on these plasmids. To verify that the observed stimulation of wild-type and leading strand n' site mutants was due to the dnaA protein, dnaA protein was purified to greater than 50% homogeneity, and antiserum was prepared. The purified protein stimulated synthesis on the plasmid templates to the same extent as the overproducing extracts, and dnaA antiserum blocked stimulation both by extracts and by the purified protein. Thus, dnaA protein, and, by inference, the dnaA recognition site at the ColE1 origin of replication seem to be important for ColE1 replication. The effect of dnaA protein is enhanced when the n'site is defective, suggesting that the dnaA protein plays a role similar to that of the proteins i, n, n', and n'' in directing primosome assembly, as proposed by Seufert, W., and Messer, W. ((1987) Cell 48, 73-78).
Hypothesis: Meiotic origin of trisomic neoplasms

The gain of single additional chromosomes is a very common finding among the nonrandom abnormalities with human neoplasms. According to the current opinion, such trisomies result from a disease-related mitotic nondisjunction. In contrast, we suggest that some of these trisomies may in fact represent tissue-confined residual cell populations of meiotic origin. Our hypothesis is based on recent findings of uniparental disomies in humans (i.e., two homologous chromosomes are derived from the same parent) and on the notion that many of these disomies probably are the result of the successful correction of an initially trisomic conceptus. Thus, the trisomic neoplasm may represent the original trisomic karyotype, whereas the apparently normal disomic constitutional karyotype may be the acquired, corrected one. We propose molecular genetic strategies to test our hypothesis and suggest that constitutional uniparental disomies may be associated with an increased probability of developing neoplastic diseases characterized by trisomies for the respective chromosomes.
Turbocharging the 1983½-1984 Ford 2.3L OHC Engine

Successful application of turbocharger technology to the Ford 2.3L OHC engine requires management of thermal loading. The 1979/1980 2.3l draw-thru carbureted engine was octane and spark advance limited, requiring calibration to worse case 91 ron conditions. Since no adaptive calibration control was possible relatively late ignition timing compromised engine performance. To improve performance, driveability, fuel economy and emission control, work was initiated in mid 1980 on a blow-thru electronic fuel injected engine schedulated for 1983 1/2 production. Program assumptions were issued specifying a tuned EFI blow-thru inlet system, exhaust manifold mounted airesearch T03 turbocharger with integral wastegate and 8.0:1 compression ratio with a dished piston. Also included were base engine revisions to accommodate increased thermal and mechanical loads. Fuel and spark advance/retard control with ford's new EEC-IV microprocessor allowed considerable flexibility to schedule a varying calibration against changing conditions.
Completely bounded isomorphisms of operator algebras

In this paper the author proves that any two elements from one of the following classes of operators are completely isomorphic to each other. 1. {VN(Fn): n > 2}. The Ill factors generated by the left regular representation of the free group on n-generators. 2. {C* (Fn): n > 2}. The reduced C*-algebras of the free group on ngenerators. 3. Some "non-commutative" analytic spaces introduced by G. Popescu in 1991. The paper ends with some applications to Popescu's version of von Neumann's inequality.
Selective remodeling of cardiolipin fatty acids in the aged rat heart

The heart is rich in cardiolipin, a phospholipid acylated in four sites, predominately with linoleic acid. Whether or not aging alters the composition of cardiolipin acyl chains is controversial. We therefore measured the fatty acid concentration of cardiolipin in hearts of 4, 12 and 24 month old rats that consumed one diet, adequate in fatty acids for the duration of their life. The concentration (nmol/g) of linoleic acid was decreased in 24 month old rats (3965 ± 617, mean ± SD) vs 4 month old rats (5525 ± 656), while the concentrations of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid were increased in 24 month old rats (79 ± 9 vs 178 ± 27 and 104 ± 16 vs 307 ± 68 for arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids, 4 months vs 24 months, respectively). Similar changes were not observed in ethanolamine glycerophospholipids or plasma unesterified fatty acids, suggesting specificity of these effects to cardiolipin. These results demonstrate that cardiolipin remodeling occurs with aging, specifically an increase in highly unsaturated fatty acids.
Application of surface complexation modeling to the reactivity of iron(II) with nitroaromatic and oxime carbamate contaminants in aqueous TiO2 suspensions

This study reports on the application of surface complexation modeling to interpret observed kinetic trends for Fe(II) redox reactions with model nitroaromatic (4-chloronitrobenzene) and oxime carbamate (oxamyl) contaminants in aqueous TiO(2(s)) suspensions. Pseudo-first-order rate constants for reduction of the two probe contaminants (k(red), s(-1)) vary by several orders of magnitude with changing conditions (100-500 microM Fe(II), 0-15 g L(-1) TiO(2(s)), pH 2-9), but the relationship between reaction rates and Fe(II) speciation differs considerably for the two contaminants. For oxamyl, k(red) measurements are most strongly correlated with the volumetric total adsorbed Fe(II) concentration (moles Fe(II) adsorbed per liter of TiO(2(s)) suspension), whereas k(red) measurements for 4-chloronitrobenzene are proportional to the concentration of the hydrolyzed Fe(II) surface complex (equivalent TiOFe(II)OH(0)). The differing trends demonstrate that Fe(II) redox reactivity at the aqueous/TiO(2(s)) interface is influenced, in part, by specific molecular interactions with the target oxidant. Results are also geochemically relevant in that they demonstrate unambiguously that mononuclear Fe(II)-metal (hydr)oxide surface complexes are sufficiently reactive species to reduce nitroaromatic contaminants, an issue that remained open following earlier studies in Fe(III) (hydr)oxide suspensions because structural Fe(II) species are simultaneously present in such systems because of interfacial Fe(II)-to-Fe(III) electron transfer processes that occur on Fe(II) adsorption.
Transfer RNA and the Translation Apparatus in the Origin of Life

At present we have some understanding about the mechanisms of prebiotic synthesis and polymerization. Experiments are also being carried out on the prebiotic replication of the nucleic acids. However, the greatest gap in our knowledge is the prebiotic mechanism for the polynucleotide directed synthesis of polypeptides. Some insight into potential mechanisms of this type is afforded by the recent determination of the three-dimensional structure of yeast phenylalanine rRNA. The poly-nucleotide chain id found to be highly folded and the molecule is found in an L shaped configuration. One end of the L shaped molecule contains the anticodon loop; that arm of the L is made of the double helical anticodon and dihydro U stems. The other end of the L shaped molecule contains the 3′OH adenosine to which the amino acid is added during aminoacylation. That arm of the L is built of the double helical CCA and TΨC stems. The corner of the L is formed by the close approximation of the TΨC loop and dihydro U loop. The distance between the anticodon and the 3′OH adenosine end of the molecule is 76 A. Comments are made about the manner in which the tRNA molecule may have evolved and in addition, some suggestions are presented about the prebiotic interactions of primitive tRNA polynucleotides and messenger RNA strands.
Toxic Methemoglobinemia Complicating Transesophageal Echocardiography

We describe the case of a patient with acute methemoglobinemia after topical oropharyngeal anesthesia with benzocaine spray.
Determinants of dominance hierarchy in a captive group of pigtailed monkeys ( Macaca nemestrina )

Eighteen pigtailed monkeys, all strangers to each other, were placed together in a laboratory compound. Two infants were eliminated from the study shortly after group formation. To determine dominance hierarchy aggressive-submissive interactions were observed among the remaining 16 monkeys during 4 periods covering 5 months of group development. Results suggested that 3 factors were basic determinants of dominance hierarchy: body weight for males, estrus for females, and maturity for both sexes. Aggressive-submissive interactions were far more frequent during Period I, the first hour of group formation, but decreased with stabilization of hierarchical order in subsequent periods. Aggressive-submissive interactions were not evenly distributed among all possible pairs in the group, but tended to involve mostly the high-ranking animals. Also, high-ranking animals concentrated their aggression towards more submissive monkeys of their own rank. Because low ranking animals were involved in fewer aggressive-submissive interactions, their rank determination was difficult.
Suppression of heating rates in cryogenic surface-electrode ion traps.

Dense arrays of trapped ions provide one way of scaling up ion trap quantum information processing. However, miniaturization of ion traps is currently limited by sharply increasing motional state decoherence at sub-$100\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ ion-electrode distances. We characterize heating rates in cryogenically cooled surface-electrode traps, with characteristic sizes in the 75 to $150\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ range. Upon cooling to 6 K, the measured rates are suppressed by 7 orders of magnitude, 2 orders of magnitude below previously published data of similarly sized traps operated at room temperature. The observed noise depends strongly on the fabrication process, which suggests further improvements are possible.
The Effects of Participative Versus Assigned Goal Setting on Intrinsic Motivation

The effects of participative versus assigned goal setting on intrinsic motivation were investigated for interesting and boring tasks. Par ticipative and assigned goal setting have no significantly different effects on performance if the goal is held consistently difficult. Participative and assigned goal setting have different effects on intrinsic motivation at different levels of task interest.