cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emotional Labor in Service Work

Emotional labor is crucial to the performance of interac tive service work, jobs that involve direct interaction with customers or clients. In such jobs, employers frequently try to manage the emotions of their workers, while workers try to control the emotional responses of service recipients. Management techniques for directing and monitoring interactive service workers extend managerial control to aspects of workers' selves usually considered outside of the scope of employer intervention. Bureaucratic controls are also extended beyond the boundaries of the organization through the management of customer behavior. While workers and consumers derive some benefits from the routinization of service interactions, its instrumental approach to human personality and social interaction raises troubling moral issues.
Omalizumab for the treatment of severe allergic asthma

Omalizumab is the first of a new generation of targeted asthma therapies. This monoclonal antibody against IgE is now licensed for use in atopic asthma. The majority of asthmatics are well controlled with conventional therapies. However, there remains a cohort of patients with severe refractory asthma, despite currently available treatments (∼5–10% of asthmatics), which account for approximately 50% of direct expenditure on asthma care. This article examines the evidence for both clinical and cost–effectiveness of omalizumab in patients with severe asthma and gives a 5-year view on the likely role of omalizumab in clinical practice.
Driven sexual behavior in bipolar spectrum patients: psychodynamic issues.

Recent psychiatric attention to the bipolar spectrum conditions (Bi- polar I, Bipolar II, and Bipolar NOS Disorders in the DSM-IV-TR) has revealed that many more individuals are affected by bipolar disorder (BD) than was ear- lier appreciated. Increased sexual thoughts, impulses, and risk-taking sexual behavior are recognized symptoms of the bipolar conditions when individuals are manic or hypomanic. There is little scientific information on the prevalence of symptoms of driven sexuality in individuals with the less severe forms of BD as well as those individuals with severer forms of the disorder who are recover- ing or have recovered from an episode of mania or hypomania. This article discusses the use of developmentally oriented psychotherapy for an individual with a bipolar spectrum condition whose symptoms were well controlled on medications except for her driven sexuality. Current concepts in psychodynamic psychotherapy offer a way to understand and treat sexual symptoms in many individuals with less severe or partially treated BD. Since the observation that lithium carbonate given on a daily basis reduced severity and frequency of episodes in individuals with manic- depressive illness (Goodwin & Jamison, 2007), the attention of psychia- trists has been drawn to biological interventions to stabilize mood in people with the condition we now call Bipolar Disorder (BD). In addi- tion to the mood stabilizers, a number of other classes of drugs have been shown to be helpful including anti-psychotics, anti-depressants, and in some cases, benzodiazepines and stimulants.
Conducting research on child maltreatment: effects on researchers.

This report discusses the potential negative psychological consequences of conducting child maltreatment research on the researchers themselves. Illustrations of these effects are drawn from the experiences of a study of child maltreatment. Common themes of anger, sadness, frustration, and powerlessness emerged as reactions to reviewing case records of child maltreatment. Just as study protocols must include procedures for protecting the subjects of research, so they should include methods for helping the researchers cope with emotional distress brought about by their work. Several strategies are suggested for ensuring that research staff receive sufficient support to minimize the negative effects of conducting research on sensitive topics. Language: en
Preparation and characterization of aromatic polyimides and related copolymers

Copolyimides containing BTDA-3DDS and BTDA-4ODA units have been synthesized by solution imidization methods. The copolyimides have high Tg's (267–283°C) and high decomposition temperatures (540–575°C; nitrogen); both properties are dependent on composition. Those copolymides with low concentrations of BTDA-4ODA are generally soluble in organic solvents, whereas those copolyimides with higher BTDA-4ODA content are only partially soluble or insoluble. However, all the copolyimides prepared can be compression molded. It has also been found that segmental motion above Tg is heavily suppressed in the BTDA-4ODA homopolymer relative to that in the BTDA-3DDS homopolymer. This reduction in molecular motion may severely hinder the solubility and fusibility of the BTDA-4ODA homopolymer. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The use of pooled vs serial urine samples to measure urine protein:creatinine ratios

Background: Evaluation of serial urine protein:creatinine (UPC) ratios is important in prognosticating chronic kidney disease and monitoring response to therapeutic interventions. Owing to random biologic variation in dogs with stable glomerular proteinuria, multiple determinations of UPC ratios often are recommended to reliably assess urine protein loss. This can be cost-prohibitive. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate agreement between the mean of 3 UPC ratios obtained on 3 separate urine samples per dog and a single UPC ratio obtained when aliquots of the separate samples were pooled and analyzed as 1 sample. Methods: Three separate urine samples were collected from each of 25 dogs, both client-owned and members of a research colony. Protein and creatinine concentrations were measured in the supernatant of each sample using a biochemical analyzer, and the mean of the 3 UPC ratios was calculated. A 1.0 mL aliquot of each of the 3 samples from each dog was pooled to create a fourth sample for that dog, and the UPC ratio of the pooled sample was similarly determined. Agreement and correlation between the mean and pooled UPC ratios were assessed using Bland–Altman difference plots and regression analysis, respectively. Results: The UPC ratio in the pooled samples was highly correlated (r=.9998, P<.0001) with the mean UPC ratio of the 3 separate samples. Strong agreement between results was demonstrated; a UPC ratio from a pooled sample was at most ±20% different than the mean UPC ratio obtained from 3 separate samples. Conclusions: Measuring the UPC ratio in a pooled sample containing equal volumes of several different urine specimens from the same dog provides a reliable and cost-effective alternative to assessing multiple UPC ratios on several specimens from the same dog.
Studies of ALN: an empirical assessment

This analysis of research literature seeks to gain insight into the study of the effectiveness of asynchronous learning networks (ALN). The terminology of ALN was coined by the Sloan Foundation to distinguish anytime/anyplace computer mediated communications (CMC), such as bulletin boards and email, from same time versions of distance learning. A database of material gathered from the papers reporting the studies is described. The current picture of that data is highlighted and discussed. A framework of three sets of factors related to ALN effectiveness is described. Within this framework an analysis of the current collection of papers is offered. From the 15 papers in which the effectiveness of ALN was compared to that for face-to-face classes, 2/3 reported it was more effective, and the remainder reported "no significant difference." Additional papers are expected to be supportive of a need for better research techniques in the ALN community.
Simplicity in treatment of fractures of upper end of humerus

Abstract 1. 1. In a series of 100 fractures of the upper end of the humerus seen by us, 89 required and submitted to some type of fixation or operation. Simple fixation at the side was used in 63 cases or 70 per cent; the arm was dressed in abduction in 19 cases or 21 per cent; operation was performed in 5 and traction in bed was used twice. 2. 2. Of 56 patients that were followed, 89.4 per cent had a satisfactory result.
Effect of warming cold milk in the vat on occurrence of a dark seam defect in cheddar cheese

Abstract Eighteen batches of Cheddar cheese were made varying temperature of milk coming from the plate pasteurizer to the cheese vat and varying stir and hold times used to bring the milk to 32°C for cheese making. A three-variable, three-level response surface design was used. The extent of a dark seam defect in the resulting cheese was judged by a panel of nine judges trained to quantify the defect. Initial milk temperature had a significant effect on the extent of the seaminess; colder initial temperatures resulted in more seaminess. Extent of stirring (to 60min) and length of time used to bring the milk to cheese-making temperature (to 2h) had no significant effect on extent of the dark seam defect.
The digital TV transition: A chance to enhance public safety and improve spectrum auctions

This article addresses some controversial aspects of the digital TV transition. First, it argues that some spectrum should be reserved for a nationwide broadband public safety system. Second, Congress should not delay the transition. Third, spectrum auction winners should make annual rather than one-time payments. This protects against unnecessary delays, and promotes efficiency and competition
Nurse/family caregiver intervention for delirium increases delirium knowledge and improves attitudes toward partnership

Delirium is highly prevalent, especially in hospitalized older adults and is a costly, significant predictor of poor outcomes, including mortality and institutionalization. Partnership between family caregivers and staff nurses could be a cost-neutral preventive strategy. The Nurse/Family Caregiver Partnership for Delirium Prevention (NFCPM) is an innovative educational program that concurrently teaches family caregivers and nurses about delirium and partnering in prevention. The purpose of this feasibility study was to examine the effect of the NFCPM on knowledge of delirium, attitudes toward partnership, and satisfaction with the NFCPM. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used to enroll 28 patients, 28 family caregivers, and 28 staff nurses. The intervention group significantly improved knowledge of delirium and attitudes toward partnership. Key to satisfaction were participation in decision making, communication, and respect. The NFCPM appears feasible for clinical practice and provides an innovative strategy for family and nurses to improve hospital outcomes for older adults.
Depression screening in nursing homes: involvement of social services departments.

Objective To determine the percentage of nursing home (NH) social services (SSs) departments that screen at-risk residents for depression. To report characteristics of SS departments that "usually or always" are involved in depression screening. Design Cross-sectional, nationally representative survey. Setting NHs. Participants 1,071 Nursing Home Social Service Directors. Measurement Survey. Results Over two-thirds (68.5%) of the SS directors reported that their department was "usually" or "always" involved in screening at-risk residents for depression. Preliminary findings from this exploratory study indicate the odds of screening for depression increased if the SS director had a degree in social work; if the NH was part of a chain; and by U.S. region. NHs in the Northeast were less likely, and those in the Midwest and West were more likely, than their southern counterparts to head up SSs departments that screen for depression. Conclusions Future research and clinical practice related to NH depression screening and treatment should include social workers. SS staff, especially those educated in social work, can be an important resource to NH staff, residents, and family members. The federal government holds NHs responsible for psychosocial care, including psychosocial depression care.
Relationship Between Categorization With the STarT Back Screening Tool and Prognosis for People Receiving Physical Therapy for Low Back Pain

Background The STarT Back Screening Tool (SBT) was recently developed for primary care providers to use as a screening tool for subgrouping people with low back pain (LBP) on the basis of modifiable prognostic factors. The use of the SBT in physical therapy has not been described. Objective The aims of this study were to describe the use of the SBT in people receiving physical therapy for LBP and to describe patterns of change in clinical outcomes across the episode of care and among SBT categories. Design This study was a prospective case series. Methods A total of 214 patients receiving physical therapy for LBP were administered the SBT at the initial evaluation. Treatment was at the physical therapist's discretion. Clinical outcomes included pain intensity and disability scores collected at each session. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and baseline characteristics among SBT categories were compared. Hierarchical linear mixed models were used to examine patterns of change in predicted outcomes across the episode of care. Results The patients' mean age was 44.3 years (SD=15.8), and 56.5% were women. The SBT categorized 33.2% of the patients as being at low risk, 47.7% as being at medium risk, and 19.2% as being at high risk. The high-risk category corresponded to the highest initial pain intensity and disability scores. The low-risk category corresponded to the lowest initial pain intensity and disability scores. Linear mixed models indicated different patterns of change in outcome scores for pain intensity (F=3.99) and disability (F=3.49) among SBT categories. Relative to the low-risk category, the high-risk category had larger improvements in predicted outcomes and the medium-risk category had similar improvements in predicted outcomes. Limitations The SBT was not administered to 24% of eligible patients. The timing of follow-up assessments was variable. Conclusions The SBT may provide important prognostic information for physical therapists.
On the bonding in Mn2(

Qualitative calculations are presented on the Mn2(+) ion. These yield a 12Sigma(g)(+) ground state, in agreement with experiment, in which the 3d electrons are ferromagnetically coupled. The 2Sigma(u)(+) state of Mu2(+) is found to lie 0.44 eV higher in energy; the 3d electrons on each center are high-spin coupled, but the interatomic coupling is antiferromagnetic. The large splitting between the 12Sigma(g)(+) and 2Sigma(u)(+) states is shown to be due to the intraatomic 4s-3d exchange energy, which is an order of magnitude larger than the weak interatomic 3d-3d interaction. The Mn2(+) ion is compared and contrasted with the Mn2 neutral species, where the analogous 11Sigma(u)(+) and 1Sigma(g)(+) states are reversed in order, but almost degenerate.
A Criterion‐Related Validity Study of the OASIS‐2 Interest Schedule

A total of 36 rising high school seniors who were participating in a summer program designed to encourage interest in attending college were administered the Self-Directed Search (SDS) and OASIS-2 Interest Schedule. Correlational analyses identified statistically significant relationships between SDS and OASIS-2 scales. In most cases, scales one would expect to find related to one another correlated significantly and at a level many would consider to be acceptable for establishing criterion-related validity. Implications of the results for those practitioners using the OASIS-2 Interest Schedule are discussed.
Studies of the principal sensory and spinal trigeminal nuclei of the rat: projections to the superior colliculus, inferior olive, and cerebellum

We have analyzed the connections between the sensory trigeminal nuclei and two major sensorimotor areas (i.e., the superior colliculus and crura I and II of the cerebellar cortex) in which tactile input from peri-oral and other facial regions is a prominent feature. Following injections of horseradish peroxidase into the superior colliculus, retrogradely labeled cells occupy the ventral one-third of the contralateral principal sensory and spinal trigeminal nucleus; trigeminocollicular neurons are especially numerous within the subnucleus interpolaris (Svi). Injections of either 3H-proline or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the Svi reveal that trigeminocollicular axons reach the rostral two-thirds to three-quarters of the contralateral superior colliculus, where they distribute in a nonuniform, patchy manner within layers IV-VI. In addition to demonstrating the trigeminocollicular projection, anterograde and retrograde transport studies of the Svi also reveal a trigeminoolivary projection which terminates primarily within the contralateral rostral dorsal accessory (DAO) and adjacent principal (PO) olives; some of the Svi neurons innervate both the superior colliculus and the DAO-PO via axon collaterals. Data from a final set of retrograde tracing experiments show that the trigeminorecipient zone of the DAO-PO contains neurons which project to crura I and/or II of the cerebellar cortex. Of the various submodalities conveyed by the trigeminal system, it is likely that the trigeminal connections we have demonstrated are carrying tactile information. This is indicated by the fact that responses to tactile stimulation of the face have been reported for cells in (1) the deeper collicular layers, (2) the trigeminorecipient zone of the DAO-PO, and (3) cerebellar targets of this zone, crura I and II. All data are discussed in the context of the anatomical and physiological literature.
The Labor Market Effects of Palestinian Return Migration

This paper examines the effect of return migration on non-migrant Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip from 1981 to 1992. I find that higher return migration is correlated with higher wages and lower employment for non-migrants. These results are inconsistent with what one would expect from an increase in migration; however, they are remarkably robust across various definitions of skill groups. While many of the specified models do not yield statistically significant results, there is a pattern for which results tend to be significant. In general, the effect of migration is more significant for lower skilled workers than for higher skilled workers. Increasing the number of return migrants by five percentage points is predicted to increase wages by five to ten percent and decrease employment by five to ten percentage points. This implies that overall earnings of Palestinians are not affected by return migration.
School-based extracurricular activity involvement and adolescent self-esteem: a growth-curve analysis.

Research on adolescent self-esteem indicates that adolescence is a time in which individuals experience important changes in their physical, cognitive, and social identities. Prior research suggests that there is a positive relationship between an adolescent’s participation in structured extracurricular activities and well-being in a variety of domains, and some research indicates that these relationships may be dependent on the type of activities in which adolescents participate. Building on previous research, a growth-curve analysis was utilized to examine self-esteem trajectories from adolescence (age 14) to young adulthood (age 26). Using 3 waves of data from National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 5,399; 47.8% male), the analysis estimated a hierarchical growth-curve model emphasizing the effects of age and type of school-based extracurricular activity portfolio, including sports and school clubs, on self-esteem. The results indicated that age had a linear relationship with self-esteem over time. Changes in both the initial level of self-esteem and the growth of self-esteem over time were significantly influenced by the type of extracurricular activity portfolio. The findings were consistent across race and sex. The results support the utility of examining the longitudinal impact of portfolio type on well-being outcomes.
Electrification of Stratiform Regions in Mesoscale Convective Systems. Part I: An Observational Comparison of Symmetric and Asymmetric MCSs

Abstract The kinematic, microphysical, and electrical structures of two mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) observed during the 1991 Cooperative Oklahoma Profiler Studies (COPS91) experiment are analyzed. Profiles of the vertical electric field structure and charge density were obtained from a series of balloon-borne electric field meter (EFM) flights into each MCS. Contrasting electric field structures were found in the stratiform regions of these MCSs. In both systems, the EFM data indicate that the MCS charge structure was characterized by horizontally extensive regions of charge and charge density magnitudes on the order of what is typically observed in convective cores (⩽5 nC m−3). However, the vertical electric field profiles were each related to unique MCS precipitation and kinematic structures, with a five-layer charge profile (at T ⩽ 0°C) associated with the “symmetric” MCS and a simpler three-layer charge profile (at T ⩽ 0°C) associated with the “asymmetric” MCSs. The observational analysis iden...
Improved Hardness of Single-Crystal ${\rm Nd}^{3+}:{\rm YAG}$ to Ionizing Radiation via Co-Doping with ${\rm Cr}^{3+}$

The proliferation of optical elements in systems that are subject to harsh ionizing radiation environments prompts the need for commercially available radiation-hard materials, such as laser materials. In the present study, changes in the material optical absorption are compared for a suite of single-crystal YAG, Nd3+:YAG, and Cr3+,Nd3+:YAG laser materials in response to high-dose-rate gamma radiation events. It is found that the addition of Cr3+ yields radiation hardened material.
Die Brownsche Bewegung in Gasen

Im Jahre 1827 erwahnte der englische Botaniker Robert Brown zum ersten Male die Tatsache, das kleine Teilchen toter Materie, welche in Flussigkeiten schweben, im Gesichtsfelde eines stark auflosenden Mikroskops unregelmasig hin- und hergehende, lebhafte Bewegungen zeigen, und diese Zickzackbewegungen tauschen im hohen Mase „Leben “ vor 1). Diese Erscheinung — unter dem Namen der Br own schen Bewegung allgemein bekannt — wurde in der Folgezeit vielfach untersucht: aber sie blieb fur die nachsten 50 Jahre vollig ungeklart. Der Belgier Carbo nelle durfte der erste gewesen sein, welchem die Erklarung jener Bewegungen gelang; er nahm an, das diese Teilchen bestandigen Stosen ausgesetzt sind, die von der Warmebewegung der Molekule des Mittels, in welches jene Teilchen eingebettet sind, herruhren. Diese Untersuchung wurde aber erst im Jahre 1880 von seinem Mitarbeiter Thirio n2) veroffentlicht. Drei Jahre vorher hat bereits Del s aulx3) ahnliche Ansichten ausgesprochen: er gestand aber zu, das Car b on elle vor ihm bereits auf jene Erklarungsmoglichkeit hingewiesen hatte.
FcRn: From Molecular Interactions to Regulation of IgG Pharmacokinetics and Functions

The neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, is related to MHC class I with respect to its structure and association with β2microglobulin (β2m). However, by contrast with MHC class I molecules, FcRn does not bind to peptides, but interacts with the Fc portion of IgGs and belongs to the Fc receptor family. Unlike the ‘classical’ Fc receptors, however, the primary functions of FcRn include salvage of IgG (and albumin) from lysosomal degradation through the recycling and transcytosis of IgG within cells. The characteristic feature of FcRn is pH-dependent binding to IgG, with relatively strong binding at acidic pH (<6.5) and negligible binding at physiological pH (7.3–7.4). FcRn is expressed in many different cell types, and endothelial and hematopoietic cells are the dominant cell types involved in IgG homeostasis in vivo. FcRn also delivers IgG across cellular barriers to sites of pathogen encounter and consequently plays a role in protection against infections, in addition to regulating renal filtration and immune complex-mediated antigen presentation. Further, FcRn has been targeted to develop both IgGs with extended half-lives and FcRn inhibitors that can lower endogenous antibody levels. These approaches have implications for the development of longer lived therapeutics and the removal of pathogenic or deleterious antibodies.
Considerations for restoring temperate forests of tomorrow: forest restoration, assisted migration, and bioengineering

Tomorrow’s forests face extreme pressures from contemporary climate change, invasive pests, and anthropogenic demands for other land uses. These pressures, collectively, demand land managers to reassess current and potential forest management practices. We discuss three considerations, functional restoration, assisted migration, and bioengineering, which are currently being debated in the literature and have the potential to be applied independently or concurrently across a variety of scales. The emphasis of functional restoration is to reestablish or maintain functions provided by the forest ecosystem, such as water quality, wildlife habitat, or carbon sequestration. Maintaining function may call upon actions such as assisted migration—moving tree populations within a species current range to aid adaptation to climate change or moving a species far outside its current range to avoid extinction—and we attempt to synthesize an array of assisted migration terminology. In addition, maintenance of species and the functions they provide may also require new technologies, such as genetic engineering, which, compared with traditional approaches to breeding for pest resistance, may be accomplished more rapidly to meet and overcome the challenges of invasive insect and disease pests. As managers develop holistic adaptive strategies to current and future anthropogenic stresses, functional restoration, assisted migration, and bioengineering, either separately or in combinations, deserve consideration, but must be addressed within the context of the restoration goal.
Mechanical stimulation is not responsible for activation of gastrointestinal afferents during ischemia

Abdominal ischemia reflexly excites the cardiovascular system through activation of visceral sympathetic afferents. Although a number of ischemic metabolites are known to stimulate sympathetic afferents, the contribution of mechanical stimulation to activation of afferents during abdominal ischemia remains uncertain. Thus the present study examined the role of changes in motility in activation of gastrointestinal afferents during ischemia. Single-unit activity of C fiber afferents located on the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, or colon was recorded from the right sympathetic chain of anesthetized cats during 15 min of ischemia. Intraluminal pressure, as a reflection of local mechanical activity, was measured by an open catheter placed in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. The results show that gastrointestinal motility was mainly inhibited during abdominal ischemia. Changes in intraluminal pressure did not correlate with afferent discharge activity during ischemia (r = -0.32, n = 10). Furthermore, discharge frequency of gastrointestinal afferents during ischemia was not altered significantly by topical application of 100 micrograms/ml of atropine (3.98 +/- 0.62 to 3.83 +/- 0.59 imp/s, n = 12), which profoundly inhibited local gastrointestinal motility. Collectively, these data indicate that gastrointestinal motility changes during abdominal ischemia do not contribute to activation of gastrointestinal sympathetic C fiber afferents.
Management Strategies in Sarcoidosis: Why Short-Term Prednisone Monotherapy Is Simply Not Enough

Despite therapeutic protocols increasingly being composed of multiple agents, it is not all that uncommon for individuals with sarcoidosis to present to sarcoid specialty clinics only on a 2-3 week prednisone course for treatment and not show any resolution of their signs and symptoms. In order to understand why the response in inadequate, we will need to delve deeper into the immunological cascade for this disease process.
Implementing Automatic-Wake Body Intersections for Full Aircraft Congurations in Dirichlet Panel Methods

This paper describes our implementation of automatic wake-body intersections in Dirichlet (source-doublet) panel methods. The panel method approach we describe and demonstrate, automatically determines and handles wakes shed from lifting surfaces using an enriched basis function approach that does not require re-meshing the original surface triangulation or recalculating much of the aerodynamic influence coefficient matrices. The end result is a panel method that can solve the potential flow around aircraft configurations for a large range of flight conditions, with some overhead in computational geometry processing prior to the panel method solution. User interaction and input in the wake-body intersection is virtually eliminated in the simple case we present. The method achieves this automatic wake handling by mathematically, rather than geometrically, representing the discontinuous potential value at the wake body intersection. In a practical panel method implementation of this approach (wing-body intersection), the mathematical handling of this wake-body intersection introduces a new series of challenges in generating and representing the discontinuous basis functions. In this paper we describe the approaches we have taken to handle the discontinuous basis functions to demonstrate the method for a realistic aircraft configuration.
The variance of Mango’s light-hydrocarbon parameter K

The analyses of light hydrocarbons in oils from the Tarim Basin show that the Mango’s parameterK is about unity except those oils trapped in the eastern part of the Tazhong (Central Tarim) Fault Uplift. The regular variance ofK may indicates the accumulation and admixture of the oil populations in the eastern part of the Tazhong Fault Uplift.
Influence of acute tissue injury on zinc metabolism in man

Abstract The effect of acute tissue injury on plasma concentrations and urinary excretions of zinc (along with other mono- and divalent cations and renal function) has been followed serially in 10 surgical patients, 10 patients with acute myocardial infarction, and 8 patients with acute suppurative infections. The mean plasma zinc level and standard error of the mean for 204 normal men was 96 ± 1.2 μg per 100 ml. Plasma zinc levels in surgical patients fell from 77 ± 4.7 μg per 100 ml. preoperatively to a low of 53 ± 2.0 μg per 100 ml. 24 hours postoperatively. Thereafter, plasma zinc levels rose steadily to 80 ± 5.5 μg per 100 ml. on the fourth postoperative day. Mean plasma zinc concentrations in the acute myocardial infarction patients fell to a low of 58 ± 3.8 μg per 100 ml. on the second postinfarction day. Striking falls in plasma zinc levels were observed in 2 patients with initial samples obtained within 2 hours after onset of symptoms. Mean plasma zinc levels in patients with acute infections were 65 ± 8.1 μg per 100 ml. at the peak of the infection and 89 ± 7.0 after recovery. Urinary zinc excretions varied widely; it was possible to demonstrate significant increases only in the postoperative patients. These studies indicate that: (1) an acute fall in plasma zinc levels occurs after acute tissue injury regardless of origin; and (2) an effective homeostatic mechanism operates to return plasma zinc levels to a narrow, normal range.
The influence of habitat structure in faunal-habitat associations in a Tampa Bay seagrass system, Florida

This study examined the distribution patterns of epifaunal associates of two species of seagrass, Syringodium filiforme and Ruppia maritima, and two drift algae, Gracilaria sp. and Spyridia sp. Pericarid crustaceans (i.e., amphipods, isopods, and tanaids) dominated all macrophyte collections. Other less abundant epifauna included representatives of gastropod, decapod, polychaete, and pycnogonid taxa. Examination of patterns of epifaunal demonstrated that faunal-habitat associations differed significantly among macrophytes with divergent architectures. Moreover, these differences varied among epifaunal species with a disproportionately high abundance of epifauna on drift algae as compared to the seagrasses. While our study supported previous findings of a significantly higher abundance of crustaceans on macroalgae versus seagrasses, when examined at the species level, some pericarids displayed trends contrary to those observed in other studies. These overall findings reiterate that patterns of faunal abundance are probably maintained by a host of complex factors that extend beyond morphological features of the fauna and architecture of the macrophytes.
The Confident Co‐witness: The Effects of Misinformation on Memory After Collaborative Discussion

Summary We explored the influence of co-witness confidence and misinformation on the accuracy of collaborative and individual memory reports. Participants viewed a robbery video and discussed the event with a co-witness who was scripted to provide accurate or misleading details and to exhibit either high or low memory confidence. In a demonstration of memory conformity in co-witness discussions, highly confident co-witnesses who provided misleading or correct details led participants to report more misleading or correct information in both collaborative and individual reports. Furthermore, participants exhibited a confidence conformity effect, in which participants' confidence in their own memories mimicked the confidence of their co-witnesses.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calcium Concentration Microdomains

A question often posed in the field of neuroscience is that of the mechanism by which extracellular calcium releases transmitter from the presynaptic terminal (Katz & Miledi, 1965). Results from two decades ago, indicated that spatially restricted zones of transient high calcium concentration in the neuronal cytosol, could be produced as a result of the opening of voltage gated calcium channels in the plasmalemma (Llinas, 1977). This hypothesis together with the finding that the latency for calcium activation of transmitter release was in the range of 200 msec, suggests that calcium, at the presynaptic active zone, acts at a location very close to the release site and that the calcium channels themselves might be part of this active zone (Llines, 1977).
Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy, by Cathy O’Neil

Data science has become one of the prominent topics both in academia and in industry in the recent years. With the growing capability of big data technologies coupled with many extant quantitative ...
About Roger E. Howe and His Contributions to Mathematics Education

Roger Howe is one of a few notable research mathematicians who is also well respected in the mathematics education community nationally and internationally. In this paper, we outline three aspects of his achievements related to mathematics education: his accomplishments as an educator, his contributions and achievements as a leader and his contributions and achievements as a scholar in mathematics education.
Efficacy of bleach baths in reducing severity of atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Bleach baths have been proposed as a treatment for decreasing the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, conflicting results have been found regarding their efficacy. Objective To determine the efficacy of bleach vs water baths at decreasing AD severity. Methods We performed a systematic review of all studies evaluating the efficacy of bleach baths for AD. Cochrane, EMBASE, GREAT, LILACS, MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched. Two authors independently performed study selection and data extraction. Results Five studies were included in the review. Four studies reported significantly decreased AD severity in patients treated with bleach on at least 1 time point. However, of 4 studies comparing bleach with water baths, only 2 found significantly greater decreases in AD severity with bleach baths, 1 found greater decreases with water baths, and 1 found no significant differences. In pooled analyses, there were no significant differences observed between bleach vs water baths at 4 weeks vs baseline for the Eczema Area and Severity Index (I 2 = 98%; random effect regression model, P = .16) or body surface area (I 2 = 96%; P = .36). Conclusion Although bleach baths are effective in decreasing AD severity, they do not appear to be more effective than water baths alone. Future larger-scale, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed.
Glutamatergic Ventral Pallidal Neurons Modulate Activity of the Habenula-Tegmental Circuitry and Constrain Reward Seeking.

Abstract Background The ability to appropriately integrate and respond to rewarding and aversive stimuli is essential for survival. The ventral pallidum (VP) plays a critical role in processing both rewarding and aversive stimuli. However, the VP is a heterogeneous structure, and how VP subpopulations integrate into larger reward networks to ultimately modulate these behaviors is not known. We identify a noncanonical population of glutamatergic VP neurons that play a unique role in responding to aversive stimuli and constraining inappropriate reward seeking. Methods Using neurochemical, genetic, and electrophysiological approaches, we characterized glutamatergic VP neurons (n = 4–8 mice/group). We performed patch clamp and in vivo electrophysiology recordings in the lateral habenula, rostromedial tegmental nucleus, and ventral tegmental area to determine the effect of glutamatergic VP neuron activation in these target regions (n = 6–10 mice/group). Finally, we selectively optogenetically stimulated glutamatergic VP neurons in a real-time place preference task and ablated these neurons using a virally expressed caspase to determine their necessity for reward seeking. Results Glutamatergic VP neurons exhibit little overlap with cholinergic or gamma-aminobutyric acidergic markers, the canonical VP subtypes, and exhibit distinct membrane properties. Glutamatergic VP neurons innervate and increase firing activity of the lateral habenula, rostromedial tegmental nucleus, and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic ventral tegmental area neurons. While nonselective optogenetic stimulation of the VP induced a robust place preference, selective activation of glutamatergic VP neurons induced a place avoidance. Viral ablation of glutamatergic VP neurons increased reward responding and abolished taste aversion to sucrose. Conclusions Glutamatergic VP neurons constitute a noncanonical subpopulation of VP neurons. These glutamatergic VP neurons increase activity of the lateral habenula, rostromedial tegmental nucleus, and gamma-aminobutyric acidergic ventral tegmental area neurons and adaptively constrain reward seeking.
Ovarian stromal blood flow changes after laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) in women with polycystic ovary s)

Is to compare the changes in the ovarian stromal blood flow & some hormonal profile (LH,T,FSH & LH/FSH ratio) after laparoscopic ovarian diathermy in women with PCOS. In the ovarian stromal blood flow with serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormones, luteinizing hormone and testosterone were measured at early follicular phase of menstrual cycle before and first cycle after laparoscopic ovarian diathermy. The ovulation was also evaluated by folliculometry at the first menstrual cycle after operation.After laparoscopic ovarian drilling, there was statistically significant reduction in ovarian stromal blood flow (peak systolic velocity significantly decreased,while resistance index and pulsatiltyindex significantly increased) as well as serum levels of testosterone,luteinizing hormones and LH/ FSH ratio all significantly decreased. These changes were significantly more in those who ovulated after laparoscopic ovarian diathermy. The measurement of ovarian stromal blood flow by 2D power Doppler for women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing laparoscopic ovarian drilling may provide a useful tool in evaluating the outcome of laparoscopic ovarian diathermy.
Characteristics of Elderly User Behavior on Mobile Multi-touch Devices

Smartphones and tablet devices have been rapidly proliferating, and multi-touch interaction, powerful processors and rich array of sensors make these devices an attractive service platform for older users. While there is an increasing number of work investigating the issues that elderly users experience through their interaction with mobile devices, most have focused either on evaluation of low-level interaction characteristics or on qualitative survey. Therefore, we conducted a user study with 21 elderly participants to analyze the needs and issues faced by this user group under naturalistic usage scenarios. Specifically, we interviewed each participant about their experiences, had them perform various practical tasks using our custom testing application, and analyzed the operation logs using our custom visualizations. Based on our results, we summarize the types of issues observed, present design considerations for the applications studied, and future research directions.
The Eukaryotic Proteome Is Shaped by E3 Ubiquitin Ligases Targeting C-Terminal Degrons

Degrons are minimal elements that mediate the interaction of proteins with degradation machineries to promote proteolysis. Despite their central role in proteostasis, the number of known degrons remains small, and a facile technology to characterize them is lacking. Using a strategy combining global protein stability (GPS) profiling with a synthetic human peptidome, we identify thousands of peptides containing degron activity. Employing CRISPR screening, we establish that the stability of many proteins is regulated through degrons located at their C terminus. We characterize eight Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complex adaptors that regulate C-terminal degrons, including six CRL2 and two CRL4 complexes, and computationally implicate multiple non-CRLs in end recognition. Proteome analysis revealed that the C termini of eukaryotic proteins are depleted for C-terminal degrons, suggesting an E3-ligase-dependent modulation of proteome composition. Thus, we propose that a series of "C-end rules" operate to govern protein stability and shape the eukaryotic proteome.
Globalization, the Labor Market, and Retirement

This chapter examines the issues of labor and financial markets in the context of two significant macro-global developments, both of which pose challenges to prospects for retirement and to effective policymaking. Economic stagnation, the first of the two developments, is a sustained condition of slow or no growth, so slow as to fail to produce broad-based economic prosperity. This development is impacting not only the USA but also other advanced capitalist economies. This chapter reviews the arguments that explain the existence of a stagnation tendency and discusses its effects for job growth and retirement saving. Globalization, the second major development, involves the growing interconnectedness of nation-state economies. This development too has consequences for labor and financial markets. Specifically these developments have wage, employment, and income distribution effects on people’s work lives in ways that affect economic security before and during retirement.
Current Situation of Stealth Acquisition in China

After China was accepted as a formal member to the WTO and issued its new Anti-Monopoly Law after some thirteen years drafts, there is a tendency which is becoming more and more significant during the past several years. Foreign investors in China have given up a way to simply set up their own factories within the territory as they did in the past thirty years since China reformed and opened its market, instead, nowadays through the cross-border mergers and acquisitions to acquire Chinese enterprises to enter the Chinese market as the main way becomes preferred by most of them. This new tendency cause foreign mergers and acquisitions to take more subtle and diverse ways such as joint ownership as well as seizing indirect ownership of domestic enterprises by financial tools, which is becoming an uprising new issue and task of Anti Monopoly regulation in China. On the other hand, after the MOFCOM issued its new guideline against stealth acquisition, it becomes a common concern for foreign investor and their lawyers as well. This article tend to address the reasons and under what circumstances that Chinese policy maker take into their considerations in regard of this issue.
Predictors of Premarital Sex

In this chapter, we evaluate correlates of teen sexual behavior, primarily from the perspective of communication variables. We begin by discussing the correspondence between teen self reports of sexual activity and parental perceptions of whether their teen has engaged in sexual intercourse. We then consider the role of parental discussion and parental orientations toward premarital sex in predicting teen sexual behavior. We show that parental orientations are indeed relevant to the sexual behavior of teenagers and that ignoring this variable may, in part, explain some of the low correlations in previous research. We then consider more general communication variables and their impact on teenage sexual behavior. Finally, we consider more distal family predictors, including the family relations and parenting practices.
Smart Cement Grouts for Repairing Damaged Piezoresistive Cement and Performance Prediction Using Vipulanandan Models

AbstractIn this investigation, highly sensing smart cement grouts were developed using 0.8 water-to-cement (w/c) ratio and adding up to 3% sodium silicate. The sensing grout was also used to repair...
Assessment of Climatology and Predictability of Mid-Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Landfalls in a High-Atmospheric-Resolution Seasonal Prediction System

AbstractTropical cyclone (TC) landfalls over the U.S. mid-Atlantic region, which include the so-called Sandy-like, or westward-curving, tracks, are among the most infrequent landfalls along the U.S...