cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Scrotal MASSES in an Infant: Remote Presentation of an Inflammatory Reaction to Surgical Glove Powder

Foreign body reactions can be induced following abdominal surgery, resulting in adhesions and subsequent intestinal obstruction. Foreign materials such as glove powder, lint from surgical packs and sutures have been implicated as causative agents in addition to infection, intraoperative tissue damage or ischemia and spillage of organ contents. 1 We report on a 2-month-old male with bilateral scrotal masses resulting from a foreign body reaction to cornstarch surgical glove debris. CASE REPORT A 58-day-old male presented with bilateral scrotal masses 1 day in duration. The appearance of the masses was preceded by nonspecific irritability several days in duration. There was no history of vomiting, diarrhea, fever or change in feeding habits. Medical history was remarkable for pyloric stenosis requiring a pyloromyotomy. Physical examination demonstrated bilateral firm scrotal masses separate from the testes. These masses did not transilluminate and could not be reduced despite their mobility. The scrotal skin had lost its rugae and was erythematous. Urinalysis was normal. On scrotal ultrasound the masses were interpreted to represent marked bilateral epididymal enlargement with increased vascularity (fig. 1). Both testes were normal in size and surrounded by small hydroceles. Because of the uncertainty raised by the bilateral nature of the masses and associated inflammatory process, inguinal exploration was undertaken. A patent processus vaginalis and a distinct paratesticular mass were identified on the left side, and frozen section analysis was consistent with fibrous tissue and perivascular chronic inflammation. The mass was removed and the inguinal hernia was repaired. Although exploration of the right side did not reveal the presence of a hernia, a similar paratesticular mass was found. Final pathological diagnosis was foreign body reaction. No neoplasia was identified. Many of the giant cells in the pathological specimen contained foreign birefringent material that was irregular in outline and ranged in size from 3 to 20 . Under polarized microscopy this material had a Maltese cross configuration and stained strongly positive with periodic acid-Schiff and Giemsa (fig. 2). The surrounding proliferative fibroblastic tissue contained scattered collections of histiocytes forming foreign body giant cells admixed with
Quality of potato tubers as affected by freezing: I. texture, ascorbic acid and enzymatic discoloration

The effect of freezing on the turgor, ascorbic acid content and enzymatic discoloration of Katahdin and Atlantic potatoes was studied. Tubers were exposed to a temperature of −20°C for 24 hrs. then thawed for 1 hr. at 20°C before analysis. Frozen tubers were then compared with unfrozen controls.
Method for resolving the consistency problem between rule-based and quantitative models using fuzzy simulation

Given a physical system, there are experts who have knowledge about how this system operates. In some cases, there exits quantitative knowledge in the form of deep models. One of the main issues dealing with these different types of knowledge is 'how does one address the difference between the two model types, each of which represents a different level of knowledge about the system?' We have devised a method that starts with (1) the expert's knowledge about the system, and (2) a quantitative model that can represent all or some of the behavior of the system. This method then adjusts the knowledge in either the rule-based system or the quantitative system to achieve some degree of consistency between the two representations. Through checking and resolving the inconsistencies, we provide a way to obtain better models in general about systems by exploiting knowledge at all levels, whether qualitative or quantitative.
Stability of two-dimensional recursive filters

We discuss some aspects of the stability problem in two-dimensional recursive filtering. In particular, we derive a simplified version of a stability theorem due to Shanks and show that it is equivalent to some results of Ansell. We also give several examples of stability tests and pose a few unsolved problems.
Disruption of the Crossover Helix Impairs Dihydrofolate Reductase Activity in the Bifunctional Enzyme TS-DHFR from Cryptosporidium hominis

In contrast to most species, including humans, having monofunctional forms of the folate biosynthetic enzymes thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), several pathogenic protozoal parasites, including Cryptosporidium hominus, contain a bifunctional form of the enzymes on a single polypeptide chain having both catalytic activities. The crystal structure of the bifunctional enzyme thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase (TS-DHFR) Cryptosporidium hominis reveals a dimer with a “crossover helix”, a swap domain between DHFR domains, unique in that this helical region from one monomer makes extensive contacts with the DHFR active site of the other monomer. In this study, we used site-directed mutagenesis to probe the role of this crossover helix in DHFR catalysis. Mutations were made to the crossover helix: an “alanine face” enzyme in which the residues on the face of the helix close to the DHFR active site of the other subunit are mutated to alanine, a “glycine face” enzyme in which the same residues are mutated to glycine, and an “all alanine” helix in which all residues of the helix were mutated to alanine. These mutant enzymes were studied using a rapid transient kinetic approach. The mutations cause a dramatic decrease in the DHFR activity. The DHFR catalytic activity of the alanine face mutant enzyme is 30 s-1, the glycine face mutant enzyme is 17 s-1, and the all alanine helix enzyme is 16 s-1, all substantially impaired from the wild-type DHFR activity of 152 s-1. It is clear that loss of helix interactions results in a marked decrease in DHFR activity, supporting a role for this swap domain in DHFR catalysis. The crossover helix provides a unique structural feature of C. hominis bifunctional TS-DHFR that could be exploited as a target for species-specific non-active site inhibitors.
Vibrational Coherence Spectroscopy of the Heme Domain in the CO-Sensing Transcriptional Activator CooA

Femtosecond vibrational coherence spectroscopy was used to investigate the low-frequency vibrational dynamics of the heme in the carbon monoxide oxidation activator protein (CooA) from the thermophilic anaerobic bacterium Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans (Ch-CooA). Low frequency vibrational modes are important because they are excited by the ambient thermal bath (k(B)T = 200 cm(-1)) and participate in thermally activated barrier crossing events. However, such modes are nearly impossible to detect in the aqueous phase using traditional spectroscopic methods. Here, we present the low frequency coherence spectra of the ferric, ferrous, and CO-bound forms of Ch-CooA in order to compare the protein-induced heme distortions in its active and inactive states. Distortions take place predominantly along the coordinates of low-frequency modes because of their weak force constants, and such distortions are reflected in the intensity of the vibrational coherence signals. A strong mode near ~90 cm(-1) in the ferrous form of Ch-CooA is suggested to contain a large component of heme ruffling, consistent with the imidazole-bound ferrous heme crystal structure, which shows a significant protein-induced heme distortion along this coordinate. A mode observed at ~228 cm(-1) in the six-coordinate ferrous state is proposed to be the ν(Fe-His) stretching vibration. The observation of the Fe-His mode indicates that photolysis of the N-terminal α-amino axial ligand takes place. This is followed by a rapid (~8.5 ps) transient absorption recovery, analogous to methionine rebinding in photolyzed ferrous cytochrome c. We have also studied CO photolysis in CooA, which revealed very strong photoproduct state coherent oscillations. The observation of heme-CO photoproduct oscillations is unusual because most other heme systems have CO rebinding kinetics that are too slow to make the measurement possible. The low frequency coherence spectrum of the CO-bound form of Ch-CooA shows a strong vibration at ~230 cm(-1) that is broadened and up-shifted compared to the ν(Fe-His) of Rr-CooA (216 cm(-1)). We propose that the stronger Fe-His bond is related to the enhanced thermal stability of Ch-CooA and that there is a smaller (time dependent) tilt of the histidine ring with respect to the heme plane in Ch-CooA. The appearance of strong modes at ~48 cm(-1) in both the ferrous and CO-bound forms of Ch-CooA is consistent with coupling of the heme doming distortion to the photolysis reaction in both samples. Upon CO binding and protein activation, a heme mode near 112 ± 5 cm(-1) disappears, probably indicating a decreased heme saddling distortion. This reflects changes in the heme environment and geometry that must be associated with the conformational transition activating the DNA-binding domain. Protein-specific DNA binding to the CO-bound form of Ch-CooA was also investigated, and although the CO rebinding kinetics are significantly perturbed, there are negligible changes in the low-frequency vibrational spectrum of the heme.
Developmental pathways to functional brain networks: emerging principles

The human brain undergoes protracted developmental changes during which it constructs functional networks that engender complex cognitive abilities. Understanding brain function ultimately depends on knowledge of how dynamic interactions between distributed brain regions mature with age to produce sophisticated cognitive systems. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the ontogeny of functional brain networks. Here I describe how complementary methods for probing functional connectivity are providing unique insights into the emergence and maturation of distinct functional networks from childhood to adulthood. I highlight six emerging principles governing the development of large-scale functional networks and discuss how they inform cognitive and affective function in typically developing children and in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Acute withdrawal of short-term or prolonged L-triiodothyronine administration to thyroidectomized rats results in similar rapid increases in TSHβ mRNA

In pian, following the treatment of hyperthyroidism, or the withdrawal of prolonged suppressive thyroid hormone therapy, recovery from thyrotrope suppression may not occur until thyroid hormone concentrations have been subnormal for several weeks. Short-term studies in rodents have demonstrated a rapid increase in TSH synthesis after the acute withdrawal of thyroid hormones. We treated thyroidectomized rats with supraphysiologic doses of 1-triiodothyronine (T3) for 67 days, then abruptly withdrew treatment and compared the time course of thyrotrope recovery to that in animals given T3 for only 10 days. Increases in TSHβ mRNA after abruptly stopping T3 were qualitatively similar in both groups. After short-term T3 administration, TSHβ mRNA was detectable on the second day after stopping T3 administration and rose an additional 10-fold by day 5. After prolonged T3 administration, TSHβ mRNA was barely detectable on the second day after stopping T3 administration, clearly detectable on the third day, and increased an additional 20-fold by day 7. Compared to animals who received T3 for only 10 days, suppression of the thyrotrope by T3 administration for 67 days resulted in a nonsignificant delay in TSHβ mRNA synthesis of 24 h or less following the abrupt withdrawal of thyroid hormone. It is possible that differences in rat and human thyrotrope responsiveness account for the apparently different biologic behavior.
Epidemiologic Research of Invasive Fungal Infections Using Large Healthcare Databases

Invasive fungal infections (IFI) have become an important cause of morbidity and mortality over the past several decades, especially among immunocompromised patients. The most frequent pathogens encountered are Candida, Cryptococcus and Aspergillus species, but the endemic mycoses and less common pathogens such as Fusarium, Scedosporium, Mucor and Rhizopus are emerging. An important limitation of epidemiologic research of fungal infections is the rarity of infection of many pathogens, making it difficult to determine disease frequency in certain populations. The use of large healthcare databases that include data collected for payment and administration of health services for fungal research may inform clinicians about disease frequencies, safety and effectiveness of antifungal therapy and costs of care.
Coxsackievirus B3 Producing Fatal Meningoencephalitis in a Patient With X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia

A dermatomyositislike syndrome associated with viral infection has been reported as a rare complication of congenital X-linked (Bruton's) agammaglobulinemia. 1-5 The syndrome is characterized by muscle weakness, edema, and woody induration of the skin with a violaceous rash over the extensor surfaces of joints. Death results from an accompanying progressive meningoencephalitis caused by echovirus infection despite appropriate γ-globulin replacement therapy. 2-5 We describe such a patient with Bruton's agammaglobulinemia who died of meningoencephalitis caused by coxsackievirus B3. Methods .—Viral cultures of premortem and postmortem specimens were performed at the Virus Diagnostic Laboratory, Methodist Hospital, Houston, and at the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta. Report of a Case .—A 28-year-old man had congenital X-linked agammaglobulinemia that was diagnosed at 4 years of age and reported by Sorensen and Partington in 1956. 6 At the time of diagnosis, therapy was started with intramuscular (IM) γ-globulin injections, with a subsequent decrease in his
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of a permeation-enhanced testosterone transdermal system in hypogonadal men: influence of application site- -a clinical research center study

As part of a phase III multicenter study, the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of a permeation-enhanced testosterone (T) transdermal (TTD) system and the influence of application site were investigated in 34 hypogonadal men (21-65 yr of age). After an 8-week androgen washout period, two TTD systems were applied to the back for 24 h. Serum concentrations of total T, bioavailable testosterone (BT), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol (E2) increased from hypogonadal levels into the respective normal physiological ranges and declined to baseline levels within 24 h after system removal. Peak concentrations occurred approximately 8 h after application for T and BT and at 13 h for DHT and E2. The baseline-subtracted time-average steady state concentrations (C'ss) for T and BT were 18.1 +/- 7.49 (+/- SD) and 9.08 +/- 3.99 nmol/L, respectively. DHT/T and E2/T ratios, derived from the C'ss values, were 0.063 +/- 0.018 and 0.0033 +/- 0.0018, comparable to the precursor-product conversion ratios reported in healthy men. The estimated half-lives of each hormone were: T, 1.29 +/- 0.71 h; BT, 1.21 +/- 0.75 h; DHT, 2.83 +/- 0.97 h; and E2, 3.53 +/- 1.93 h. The influence of application site was then evaluated by applying two TTD systems for 24 h to the abdomen, back, chest, shin, thigh, or upper arm, according to a sequential cross-over design. Hormone profiles were qualitatively similar at each site, but C'ss values showed significant differences (by ANOVA, P thigh > upper arm > abdomen > chest > shin. DHT/T and E2/T ratios showed negligible site to site variation and were comparable to the results from the initial study. Estimates of T input, based on hormone levels and analysis of the systems used, averaged 4-5 mg/day for the abdomen, back, thigh, and upper arm and were lower and more variable for the chest and shin. Individual C'ss values for T and BT increased linearly with the T input rates (derived from used system analysis) across all studies (n = 235; r = 0.564 for T and r = 0.754 for BT). From these data, T and BT clearance rates were estimated for each patient, averaging 1248 +/- 518 and 2435 +/- 778 L/day, respectively. T clearance rates were proportional to the BT/T ratio (nonsex hormone-binding globulin-bound fraction). On the basis of these studies, the optimal sites of TTD system application were identified as the back, thigh, upper arm, and abdomen
An adaptive moving mesh method with static rezoning for partial differential equations

Abstract Adaptive mesh methods are valuable tools in improving the accuracy and efficiency of the numerical solution of evolutionary systems of partial differential equations. If the mesh moves to track fronts and large gradients in the solution, then larger time steps can be taken than if it were to remain stationary. We derive explicit differential equations for moving the mesh so that the time variation of the solution at the mesh points is minimized. Moving the mesh based on this approach allows for larger time steps but does not guarantee that the solution is well resolved in space. We maintain spatial accuracy when there are new emerging layers or wave fronts by adaptively rezoning the mesh points to equidistribute an error estimate. When using a multistep integration method, the past solution values are also interpolated so that the same multistep method can be used after rezoning. The resulting algorithm has very few problem-dependent numerical parameters and is appropriate for a large class of one-dimensional partial differential equations. We illustrate the performance of the algorithm by examples and demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient and accurate when compared with other adaptive mesh strategies.
Vancomycin resistance: are there better glycopeptides coming?

The appearance and dissemination of vancomycin resistance among clinically important Gram-positive bacteria was an important watershed in antimicrobial resistance trends that drastically narrows therapeutic options, particularly among the enterococci. Clinical resistance despite apparent susceptibility has also become an increasingly recognized issue with vancomycin treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia and endocarditis, which may be, in part, due to vancomycin-heteroresistant strains. The newly developed glycopeptides telavancin, dalbavancin and oritavancin have superior in vitro activity, enhanced bactericidality and unique pharmacokinetic properties compared with vancomycin and teicoplanin. Current clinical trial data show noninferiority to vancomycin or standard-of-care antistaphylococcal therapy for complicated skin–skin structure infections, and acceptable safety profiles. Although promising, whether or not these new compounds are clinically efficacious for the true ther...
Some characteristics of an extremely-short- external-cavity laser diode realized by butt coupling a Fabry–Perot laser diode to a single-mode optical fiber

When butt coupling a Fabry–Perot laser diode to an extremely closely spaced waveguide (separation less than or equal to a few times the Rayleigh range of the laser beam), there is a trade-off between the optimal power coupling and the variation of the coupled laser diode’s operational characteristics. Changes in the butt-coupling configuration parameters influence the coupling efficiency, as well as the strength of the feedback into the laser diode. Using a previously reported phenomenological model that treats the butt-coupled laser diode as an extremely short external-cavity (ESEC) device, we quantitatively describe how the butt-coupling parameters can be used to control the output power, threshold current, wavelength, and relative intensity noise of the ESEC laser diode. Our analyses are supported by experimental results. The importance of choosing the correct coordinate plane for evaluation of the overlap integrals that are used in the model is also discussed.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vif Functionally Interacts with Diverse APOBEC3 Cytidine Deaminases and Moves with Them between Cytoplasmic Sites of mRNA Metabolism

VifIIIB, which has been a standard model for the viral infectivity factor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), binds the cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G (A3G) and induces its degradation, thereby precluding its lethal incorporation into assembling virions. Additionally, VifIIIB less efficiently degrades A3F, another potent anti-HIV-1 cytidine deaminase. Although the APOBEC3 paralogs A3A, A3B, and A3C have weaker anti-HIV-1 activities and are only partially degraded by VifIIIB, we found that VifIIIB induces their emigration from the nucleus to the cytosol and thereby causes net increases in the cytosolic concentrations and anti-HIV-1 activities of A3A and A3B. In contrast, some other Vifs, exemplified by VifHXB2 and VifELI-1, much more efficiently degrade and thereby neutralize all APOBEC3s. Studies focused mainly on A3F imply that it occurs associated with mRNA-PABP1 in translationally active polysomes and to a lesser extent in mRNA processing bodies (P-bodies). A3F appears to stabilize the P-bodies with which it is associated. A correspondingly small proportion of VifIIIB also localizes in P-bodies in an A3F-dependent manner. Stress causes A3A, A3B, A3C, and A3F to colocalize efficiently with VifIIIB and mRNA-PABP1 complexes in stress granules in a manner that is prevented by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of translational elongation. Coimmunoprecipitation studies suggest that Vifs from different HIV-1 isolates associate with all tested APOBEC3s. Thus, Vifs interact closely with structurally diverse APOBEC3s, with effects on their subcellular localization, degradation rates, and antiviral activities. Cytosolic APOBEC3-Vif complexes are predominantly bound to mRNAs that dynamically move between translationally active and storage or processing pools.
Modeling the sensitivity of moment invariants in a recognition system

We derive a sensitivity analysis for moment invariants of multidimensional distributions. These invariants have many uses in computational systems and have recently been used for illumination-invariant recognition in color images. In this context, the sensitivity analysis predicts the response of moment invariants to partial occlusion. Using the results of the sensitivity analysis, we develop a novel surface representation called the invariant profile, which captures color distribution and spatial information while remaining invariant to the spectral content of the scene illumination. Unlike for previous representations, the recognition of invariant profiles does not require illumination correction. We demonstrate the sensitivity analysis and the use of invariant profiles for recognition with a set of experiments on color images.
Bond Insurance: What is Special about Munis?

Close to 50% of municipal bonds are pre-packaged with insurance at the time of issue. We offer a tax-based rationale for the emergence of third-party insurance of tax-exempt bonds. We argue that insurance adds value as it allows a third party to become, in a probabilistic sense, an issuer of tax-exempt securities. Insurance, however, reduces value by eliminating the possibility of a capital tax loss. While the net benefit from insurance increases with bond maturity, the benefit may not increase monotonically with default risk. We also provide empirical evidence supportive of the model's predictions.
Fascioloides magna (Bassi, 1875) in feral swine from southern Texas.

Between 1971 and 1975, Fascioloides magna was found in 46 of 67 (69%) feral swine (Sus scroja) in southern Texas. Flukes were recovered from swine in areas where F. magna commonly has been recovered from white-tailed deer and cattle. One to 12 flukes were recovered from each infected animal. Their presence was indicated by black hematin pigment on the liver and various other internal organs. Eggs were not detected in the gallbladder or feces of infected animals although mature flukes and eggs were recovered in the livers suggesting that, like cattle, feral swine can be infected but are aberrant hosts for the parasite and do not disseminate eggs.
DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV Mutations Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Proteus mirabilis

Mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis were determined by genetic analysis of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE. This study included the P. mirabilis type strain ATCC 29906 and 29 clinical isolates with reduced susceptibility (MIC, 0.5 to 2 μg/ml) or resistance (MIC, ≥4 μg/ml) to ciprofloxacin. Susceptibility profiles for ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin were correlated with amino acid changes in the QRDRs. Decreased susceptibility and resistance were associated with double mutations involving both gyrA (S83R or -I) and parC (S80R or -I). Among these double mutants, MICs of ciprofloxacin varied from 1 to 16 μg/ml, indicating that additional factors, such as drug efflux or porin changes, also contribute to the level of resistance. For ParE, a single conservative change of V364I was detected in seven strains. An unexpected result was the association of gyrB mutations with high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in 12 of 20 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. Changes in GyrB included S464Y (six isolates), S464F (three isolates), and E466D (two isolates). A three-nucleotide insertion, resulting in an additional lysine residue between K455 and A456, was detected in gyrB of one strain. Unlike any other bacterial species analyzed to date, mutation of gyrB appears to be a frequent event in the acquisition of fluoroquinolone resistance among clinical isolates of P. mirabilis.
Development of Renal Failure without Proteinuria in a Patient with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance: An Unusual Presentation of AL Kappa Amyloidosis

AL amyloidosis complicating monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) has usually a predominant glomerular deposition of lambda light chain. Heavy proteinuria is one of its cardinal manifestations. A 78-year-old man with a 9-year history of IgG kappa light-chain-MGUS and normal urine protein excretion developed severe renal failure. Serum levels of kappa light chain and serum IgG had been stable while proteinuria was absent throughout the nine-year period. For the first eight years, he had stable stage III chronic kidney disease attributed to bladder outlet obstruction secondary to prostatic malignancy. In the last year, he developed progressive serum creatinine elevation, without any increase in the serum or urine levels of paraproteins or any sign of malignancy. Renal ultrasound and furosemide renogram showed no evidence of urinary obstruction. Renal biopsy revealed AL amyloidosis, with reactivity exclusive for kappa light chains, affecting predominantly the vessels and the interstitium. Glomerular involvement was minimal. Melphalan and prednisone were initiated. However, renal function continues deteriorating. Deposition of AL kappa amyloidosis developing during the course of MGUS predominantly in the wall of the renal vessels and the renal interstitium, while the involvement of the glomeruli is minimal, leads to progressive renal failure and absence of proteinuria. Renal biopsy is required to detect both the presence and the sites of deposition of renal AL kappa light chain amyloidosis.
Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser arteriotomy with embolectomy for central retinal artery occlusion.

Abstract Purpose To describe a patient with central retinal artery occlusion successfully treated with neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser arteriotomy and embolectomy. Design Interventional case report. Methods A 77-year-old woman noted sudden loss of vision after vigorous coughing. A central retinal artery occlusion was diagnosed. Four hours after symptoms appeared, arteriotomy and embolectomy with neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser was performed. Results Displacement of embolus outside the artery with return of retinal perfusion and recovery of vision. Laser treatment also resulted in vitreous hemorrhage and false aneurysm formation of the central retinal artery. Conclusions Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser arteriotomy in a patient with central retinal artery occlusion resulted in extrusion of the embolus, reopening of the central retinal artery, and return of vision. This technique warrants further study as a primary treatment for this blinding disorder.
Reactive Hyperemia Revisited

In response: We thank Calderaro et al for their interest in our work. They provide interesting data from their unpublished study that examined the relation between measures of vascular function and adverse events in a cohort of …
Pseudonovibos spiralis (Artiodactyla: Bovidae): new information on this enigmatic South‐east Asian ox

Two bovid frontlets with horns collected in 1929 and now housed in the collections of the University of Kansas Natural History Museum (KU) from Suoi Kiet, Binh Tuy Province, Vietnam, were previously identified as koupreys ( Bos sauveli ). We believe that they are specimens of the recently discovered bovid, Pseudonovibos spiralis Peter & Feiler, 1994. The KU specimens are represented by the posterior half of the frontal bones, the parietals, the horn cores and horns, and the anteriormost supraoccipitals, and are the most complete, best documented, and oldest specimens known of this poorly known species. We believe that both an adult male and an adult female are represented. Although the specimens are fragmentary, they still provide significant information that allows us to describe some aspects of P. spiralis , and they are especially critical to our understanding of the relationships of this animal to other bovids. We propose the English name spiral-horned ox, which reflects both its distinctively shaped horns and close relationship to other wild oxen. The Khmer name, Khting Vor , is also an appropriate common name. Previously overlooked references from the 1880s and 1950s document that the spiral-horned ox was believed to have magical powers over poisonous snakes.
Benzothiazole‐2‐sulfonyl Chloride

[2824-46-6] C7H4ClNO2S2 (MW 233.7) InChI = 1S/C7H4ClNO2S2/c8-13(10,11)7-9-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)12-7/h1-4H InChIKey = HSILAFDVJZUQPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used as a nitrogen protecting group, in ligand preparation, and in combinatorial sulfonamide libraries) Physical Data: mp 108–110 °C.1 Solubility: soluble in most common organic solvents. Form Supplied in: not commercially available. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: this material should not be stored at room temperature for any length of time. The author has had room temperature samples spontaneously decompose with liberation of SO2. The rate at which this occurs is quality dependent.2 Dilute solutions in CHCl3 (0.1 M) are relatively stable but a 1 M solution decomposes within 3 days. The stability in solution is improved by the addition of 1% BHT.
Effects of mountain gorilla foraging activities on the productivity of their food plant species

Summary Mountain gorillas subsist principally on foliage from the dense herbaceous understorey that is found throughout most of their habitat in the Virunga Volcanoes region. Their foraging activities cause considerable structural damage to this vegetation. Those plant species that are quantitatively most important in the gorillas’ diet respond to this damage by increasing primary productivity. At a sample of spots at which gorillas had fed, these species showed significantly higher growth rates over a 6-month interval than they did at nearby spots that had not been touched by the gorillas. Stem densities of herbaceous food species at feeding spots increased markedly both in comparison to their original values and to values for the same species at untouched spots. As a result, spots at which gorillas have fed are likely to become very attractive as future feeding spots. It is unlikely that gorillas ‘manage’ their habitat in any specific fashion, largely because they do not have exclusive use of their home ranges. Their activities appear to maintain habitat productivity over the short term, on a time scale relevant to patterns of area revisits by social groups, and may contribute to long term beneficial alterations of regularly used areas, however. Effects of the type reported here may have been an important aspect of the adaptation by gorillas to terrestrial folivory .
Diagnostic Evaluation of Carbon Sources in CMAQ

Traditional monitoring networks measure only total elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) routinely. Diagnosing model biases with such limited information is difficult. Measurements of organic tracer compounds have recently become available and allow for more detailed diagnostic evaluation of CMAQ modeling results, which allow for more explicit representation of secondary organic aerosols. An enhanced version of the model makes it possible to track contributions from various sources of primary organic aerosols and elemental carbon, providing more in-depth evaluation of model biases. An ambient PM2.5 measurement campaign conducted in four Midwestern U.S. cities in March 2004 February 2005 allows for direct comparison of modeled and measured organic carbon concentrations by primary and secondary source category.
The Identification of Ex Nihilo with Emanation in Gregory of Nyssa

From the fourth century on, whenever Church Fathers stressingly point to the distinction between the Word and the world as a distinction between that which was generated from God and that which was created from nothing, they aim, we may assume, not only at the Arian contention that the Word was created from nothing but also at the Plotinian view that the world was generated, that is, emanated, from God. It is this double target that is aimed at by Athanasius in a passage where he contrasts the Word with the world. The Word, he says, is a “generated being” (γέννημα) or a “son” and, as such, he is “the proper offspring (γέννημα) of the essence,” “not subject to will,” and hence is one who “must always be.”
Analysis of Corn Stover Structural Properties for Mechanical Processing Applications

The research objective of this study is to examine the behavior of chopped corn stover biomass as it undergoes a variety of mechanical loading conditions. Biomass materials, including corn stover, have unique properties that make it challenging to effectively and efficiently feed into thermochemical conversion systems that produce biofuels and bioproducts. These properties include large particle size, fibrous structure, and low density, to name a few. The most common difficulty in creating a system like this for corn stover is plugging within mechanical and pneumatic feeding systems. It is hypothesized that the material properties of fibrous corn stover contribute to its flowability characteristics. By placing different corn stover samples under varying loading conditions, the spectrum of physical properties of this fibrous agricultural residue can be better understood to analyze these previous issues. First, several corn stalk samples were placed in a three-point bending apparatus in order to analyze the energy requirements to chop a stalk, as well as to obtain a quantitative value for the fiber strength and resistance. This is important to make chopping operations more efficient. Then, a bulk solid shearing test was performed in order to determine some of the fluid-like properties associated with chopped biomass, such as internal friction. This is one of the properties that lead to consistent plugging in a piping system. By combining these two tests with future studies, a material database can be created for fibrous corn stover in order to better understand their flow and feeding characteristics. ANALYSIS OF CORN STOVER 108
Dream content and its relation to self-reported interpersonal behavior.

THE NATURE of the relationship between those psychological processes which influence waking behavior and cognition, and those which influence the content of nocturnal dreams, is a question both interesting and unresolved. Is a person's approach to life similar in both the dream and the waking state? If someone was experiencing conflict in his life, might we expect to find conflictual situations in his dreams? And if, on the contrary, a person's waking expectations and experiences were harmonious, might we expect him to manifest conflict-free dreams? These are the questions to which we addressed ourselves in the present study. Language: en
Using suitability analysis to prioritize demolitions in a legacy city

ABSTRACTAbandoned properties are a significant problem facing legacy cities. Given historic and ongoing population losses, many legacy cities turn to demolitions as one solution to their surplus property problems. Unfortunately, cities lack the resources needed to demolish all of the buildings that should arguably come down. Determining which properties should receive highest priority is a difficult task. Therefore, this paper presents an empirical method, based on basic suitability analysis, for prioritizing demolitions city-wide. Using Youngstown, Ohio as an example, every vacant property in the city was assigned a demolition score based on four factors: property characteristics, vacancy, neighborhood potential, and crime. Properties with higher scores were deemed stronger candidates for timely demolition. In addition to prioritizing demolitions, the proposed method can facilitate the creation of hotspot maps of proposed demolitions, and a per se strategic demolition plan.
Optimization-based fiber orientation modeling for computational mitral valve evaluation

Biomechanical response of the mitral valve (MV) leaflet tissue is closely related to the characteristics, density, and orientation of the collagen fibers. Alterations of collagen fiber arrangement have a direct influence on the biomechanical characteristics of the MV leaflets leading to physiologic deterioration. In this study, we describe a nonlinear optimization technique to define fiber orientations across the MV posterior leaflet. A symmetric MV model consisting of the saddle-shaped annulus, the anterior leaflet, and the triscalloped posterior leaflet was modeled. The posteromedial half portion of the posterior leaflet was segmented and meshed. An unconstrained nonlinear multi-objective optimization protocol with lower and upper boundaries was developed to determine realistic collagen fiber distribution across the posterior leaflet. In the cleft region, the optimization-based fiber orientation modeling method demonstrated a sharp change of fiber orientation near the annular region followed by a slow adjustment of fiber orientation near the free leaflet margin, which corresponds well to the native MV leaflet tissue. Fiber distribution in the cleft region revealed a large difference between the optimization and the linear interpolation methods. This optimization strategy has the potential to effectively model the natural fiber orientation across the MV leaflets for improved computational evaluation of MV function.
Hg1-xCdxTe as the Bottom Cell Material in Tandem II-VI Solar Cells

We have measured the electrical, optical and morphological properties of as-grown Hg 1-x Cd x Te films prepared by r.f. sputtering. The Hg 1-x Cd x Te films were grown at substrate temperatures ranging from 25°C to 150°C. Films grown at temperatures lower than or equal to 70°C were highly resistive (≥10 5 Φ-cm) and were not measurable by our Hall apparatus. Optical transmission data show that the band gap of these films ranged from 0.8 eV-1.5 eV, satisfying the optimum band gap criteria. Plan view and cross sectional SEM studies indicate that the films grown at 85°C and 100°C have larger grains with compact grain boundaries and these films typically yield the best cell performance. Spectroscopic ellipsometry studies are being used to estimate the band-gap as a function of substrate temperature. We have also studied the effect of various back contacts and have fabricated complete solar cells. We found that Cu-Au serves as the best ohmic back contact to CdS/HgCdTe solar cell. Our preliminary results of J-V analyses on the complete solar cell show that the efficiency is mainly limited by the short-circuit current. Electrical-bias-dependent QE measurements indicate voltage-dependent current collection mainly in the long wavelength region. Further optimization of growth parameters and CdCl2 treatment needs to be carried out to improve the cell performance.
Fault Identification Algorithm by Redundancy Supervision Based on KPCA Method

During the industry process,as the abnormal measurements detected by the faulty sensors are not taken into consideration,an erroneous conclusion could be obtained by the traditional contribution plot means.To solve these problems,a new method for fault identification is proposed.After establishing redundant relationship between the measurement and procedure variables by selecting multi-sensors to supervise one state of the process,this algorithm analyzes the structure of measure space via its eigen matrix through the KPCA method,and the cause of fault is therefore determined by the results whether the relationship are changed.Moreover,the source of fault is found through the contribution plots.Different fault modes are simulated on the basis of telemetric data of Feng-Yun satellite and comparing with the traditional method,the results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can make a correct identification.
Interrelationship between hypersensitivity to soybean proteins and growth performance in early-weaned pigs.

The objective of this growth trial was to determine the interrelationship between immunological criteria, gut morphology, and performance of starter pigs fed soybean proteins processed by different methods. One hundred twenty-five pigs were orally infused with 6 g/d of either dried skim milk, soybean meal (48% CP), soy protein concentrate, extruded soy protein concentrate, or experimental soy protein concentrate from 7 to 11 d of age and then fed a diet containing the same protein sources from weaning (d 21) to 35 d of age. All pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal diet containing 10% dried whey, 1.25% lysine, and 3% soybean oil for the remaining 21 d of the experiment. Xylose absorption and anti-soy immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were measured on d 6 postweaning, and skin-fold thickness after intradermal injection of protein extracts was measured on d 7 postweaning. A total of 25 pigs (five pigs/treatment) was euthanatized on d 7 postweaning. Villus height and crypt depth from duodenum samples were measured. These measurements were obtained to elucidate a relationship between the hypersensitivity responses to soybean products and growth performance of baby pigs. Pigs fed diets containing soybean meal had a lower (P less than .05) rate of gain (d 0 to 14) and villus height, higher (P less than .01) serum anti-soy IgG titers, and increased skin-fold thickness (d 6 and 7 postweaning) after intradermal injection compared with those fed dried skim milk. Pigs fed other soy proteins also had lower ADG from d 0 to 14 postweaning; however, pigs fed moist extruded soy protein concentrate tended (P less than .09) to have higher ADG and improved feed utilization when compared with pigs fed soybean meal (d 0 to 14).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Equation of state of PrBa2Cu3O7-δ

Abstract We have measured the pressure-dependence of the lattice-parameters of PrBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ at room temperature up to 3.5 GPa using energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. These results have been used to calculate the pressure-dependence of the unit-cell volume and to determine the equation of state of this material.
FLJ/P1 Is a New Mitochondrial Dehydrogenase Important in Respiration and Apoptosis.

Abstract Leukemia is a neoplastic proliferation of cells of hematopoietic origin that arises following somatic mutation in a single hematopoietic stem cell, the progeny of which forms a clone of leukemia cells. Genetic alterations leading to leukemia transformation of a cell are often associated with major alterations of chromosomes that can be detected by studying cells of the leukemic clone in mitosis. One of these alterations is a chromosomal translocation that is often used to identify genes potentially involved in other type of rearrangements such as deletions. Abnormalities of chromosome band 13q14 occur in hematologic malignancies of all lineages and at all stages of differentiation. Unlike other chromosomal translocations, which are usually specific for a given lineage, the chromosomal translocation t(12;13)(p12;q14) has been observed in both B-cell and T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), in differentiated and undifferentiated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in chronic myeloid leukemia at progression to blast crisis (CML-BC). Recently, we have shown the presence of a myeloid- and lymphoid-specific breakpoint cluster regions within chromosome band 13q14 in acute leukemia (Genes Chromosome Cancer 25:222-229,1999). In addition, a new cell line has been established from one of the lymphoid cases, MUTZ5, that carries a single t(12;13) translocation (Leukemia 15:1471-1474, 2001). The molecular characterization of this translocation led to the identification of a new gene, FLJ13639 , that is disrupted and lost in the MUTZ5 cell line. This gene shares homologies with the large family of short-chain dehydrogenase reductase (SDR). Furthermore, three transcripts and proteins were found to be differentially expressed for this gene, where P1 is potentially the active form of dehydrogenase, while P2 and P3 are lacking the co-activator site. We previously reported that one of the consequences of the loss of FLJ13639 is the over-expression of CD24 that appears to provide leukemia cells with a proliferation and invasiveness advantage, as well as a certain degree of chemoresistance. In addition, data on patient samples indicated a correlation between survival and CD24High/FLJ/P1Low expression profile (Blood 106 (11), Nov 2005). We show that FLJ/P1 is a new mitochondrial protein that is important for the respiration and apoptosis processes. Restoration of the FLJ/P1 function induced CD24 down-regulation, decreased invasive potential as assessed by Matrigel assay and decreased chemoresistance. FLJ/P1 function restoration might represent a new potential therapy, that could, when combined with the assessment of FLJ/P1-CD234 expression profiles, allow the future development of personalized treatment.
Multiphysics modeling of the FW/Blanket of the U.S. fusion nuclear science facility (FNSF)

Abstract The dual coolant lead-lithium (DCLL) blanket concept, which is utilized in the Fusion Nuclear Science Facility (FNSF) conceptual design, is based on a helium-cooled first wall and blanket structure with RAFS (Reduced Activation Ferritic Steel) and a self-cooled LiPb breeding zone. The objective of this work is to develop a multiphysics modeling process in order to optimize the design and achieve long lifetime, maintainability, and high reliability. 3D finite element multiphysics modeling of the DCLL first wall and blanket (midplane of one sector) has been performed using COMSOL 5.2. The multiphysics aspect of the design is demonstrated via coupling of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), conjugate heat transfer and solid mechanics. Both normal and off-normal loading conditions have been analyzed. The results of velocity, pressure, and temperature distributions of helium flow, as well as the primary and thermal stress of the structure were obtained. This was followed by determination of the factors of safety along three critical paths based on the ITER Structural Design Criteria for In-vessel Components (ISDC-IC). We show here that the structural design meets the ITER-ISDC design rules under both normal and off-normal operating conditions, though the safety factors under off-normal condition with 8 MPa helium pressure are marginal. Thus simple design optimization was conducted based on a parametric study on first wall dimensions to improve the design.