cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lack of Artificial Acclimatization to Heat in Physically Fit Subjects

DURING investigations of artificial acclimatization to heat on three physically fit subjects, the usual changes in sweat rates, rectal temperatures and pulse rates were not observed. The acclimatization procedure consisted of five 2-h walks on an every-other-day sequence. The daily protocol was 50 min walking at 6.4 km/h on a level treadmill and 10 min rest each hour. The environmental conditions were dry bulb weight = 49° C, wet bulb weight = 28° C, and globe temperature = 49° C. Comparing the results of walk 1 with walk 5, the average pulse rate decreased 1 beat/min; the sweat rate decreased 66 g/h, and the rectal temperature decreased 0.3° C.
A dynamic channel allocation scheme using spectrum sensing for mobile ad hoc networks

An important aspect of the MAC layer design for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is the ability to adapt to spatially non-uniform traffic load distributions. While coordinated channel access protocols have been shown to be well suited for highly loaded MANETs, these protocols are in general not as well suited for non-uniform load distributions as uncoordinated channel access protocols. In order to improve the performance of coordinated MAC protocols for MANETs under non-uniform load distribution, in this paper we apply to MANETs the dynamic channel allocation concept used in cellular networks. We present a new coordinated MAC protocol called DCA-TRACE (Dynamic Channel Allocation for TRACE), which is a sequel of our earlier MH-TRACE protocol. In addition to the mechanisms that exist in MH-TRACE for throughput and energy efficiency maximization, DCA-TRACE implements a distributed dynamic channel allocation strategy based on spectrum sensing. We compare DCA-TRACE with the MH-TRACE and 802.11 protocols in terms of throughput, energy consumption and interpacket delay variation (IPDV). Simulation results show that DCA-TRACE provides significant improvement for both uniform and non-uniform traffic loads.
Dietary Intake and Plasma Levels of Choline and Betaine in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Abnormalities in folate-dependent one-carbon metabolism have been reported in many children with autism. Because inadequate choline and betaine can negatively affect folate metabolism and in turn downstream methylation and antioxidant capacity, we sought to determine whether dietary intake of choline and betaine in children with autism was adequate to meet nutritional needs based on national recommendations. Three-day food records were analyzed for 288 children with autism (ASDs) who participated in the national Autism Intervention Research Network for Physical Health (AIR-P) Study on Diet and Nutrition in children with autism. Plasma concentrations of choline and betaine were measured in a subgroup of 35 children with ASDs and 32 age-matched control children. The results indicated that 60–93% of children with ASDs were consuming less than the recommended Adequate Intake (AI) for choline. Strong positive correlations were found between dietary intake and plasma concentrations of choline and betaine in autistic children as well as lower plasma concentrations compared to the control group. We conclude that choline and betaine intake is inadequate in a significant subgroup of children with ASDs and is reflected in lower plasma levels. Inadequate intake of choline and betaine may contribute to the metabolic abnormalities observed in many children with autism and warrants attention in nutritional counseling.
Parallel fuzzy inference with an optoelectronic H-tree architecture.

Fuzzy inference is a method of reasoning with imprecise information. The mathematical operations of fuzzy inference can be stated in terms of generalized vector algebra, in which multiplication and summation are generalized to min and max operations. An optoelectronic H-tree architecture is ideally suited to perform these generalized vector operations in parallel and requires only a simple imaging optical interconnection. Appropriate data encodings and electronic circuitry permit large scale, pipe-lined systems.
Evaluation of frequency sums for the free energy of superfluid He 3

The three frequency sums which appear in the theory of Rainer and Serene to determine the free energy of superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ are evaluated here, two analytically and the third to within one part in ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$. A sign error has been found in the previously reported value of one of the sums.
Application of GMR Sensors to Liquid Flow Sensing

This paper presents a feasibility study of the application of giant magneto resistive (GMR) sensors in detecting motion of slow moving fluids. A motivating application for the proposed effort is the development of a smart catheter capable of monitoring the amount of body fluid drained from the ventricles of the brain. Microfabricated ferromagnetic flaps are used to detect motion of the surrounding fluid. The deflection of the flaps is detected by an ultrasensitive GMR sensor placed outside of the lumen of the catheter. Numerical and experimental results are provided demonstrating a resolution of 1.4 mL/h. Numerical analysis of the fluid past the sensing element show an optimal hinge length of the flexible flaps, as well as a significant increase in sensitivity with reduction of the by-pass gap to $\sim 50~\mu $ m. The effect of electro-magnetic interference and other sources of low-frequency noise (drift) has also been investigated. The results from the study are used to derive a set of design rules that may lead to the successful development of a smart catheter. [2014-0148]
Gaming tax incidence for three groups of Las Vegas gamblers

This paper outlines the differences in demographic characteristics and, therefore, tax incidence of three distinct groups of Las Vegas gamblers: Las Vegas (Clark County) residents, other Nevada resident visitors, and non-Nevada visitors to Las Vegas, using data from one of the Las Vegas Visitor Profile studies and a recent survey of Clark County residents. The results suggest that the three groups are very different, and consequently, so too are the implications for tax equitability. Specifically, gambling taxes are so regressive among local resident gamblers that gambling is actually an inferior good for the majority in this category. Visitor gamblers from inside Nevada pay a less regressive tax than out-of-state gamblers, but the key implication is that the tax is universally regressive.
Plausibility and grammatical agreement

Abstract Three experiments examined plausibility effects on the production and comprehension of subject–verb agreement. In a production task, participants were given a verb and sentence preamble and asked to create a complete passive sentence. The preambles contained two nouns (e.g., the album by the classical composers). The plausibility of the verb was manipulated so that either (a) both nouns could be plausible passive subjects (e.g., praised, as both albums and composers can plausibly be praised) or (b) only the head noun could be a plausible subject (e.g., played, as only albums can plausibly be played). The comprehension task was self-paced reading with the same materials. The results from both methodologies demonstrated robust plausibility effects. There were higher agreement error rates in production and longer RTs at the verb in comprehension when both nouns were plausible subjects than when only the head was plausible. Implications for current production models are considered and an alternative account is presented that is motivated by current comprehension models and other recent production data.
In the Matter of Plagiarism … Practice Makes Imperfect

Intellectual property rights and privileges are undergoing renewed scrutiny. That scrutiny includes an increased concern with the theft of intellectual property and with plagiarism. Plagiarism is generally perceived as the taking of the intellectual work of others without appropriate attribution and sometimes without appropriate compensation. While often seen as a problem among students, it is also an issue in academe and among writers of fiction.
Topoi: An approach to inventing arguments

(1964). Topoi: An approach to inventing arguments. The Speech Teacher: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 313-319.
Inhibition of intra-abdominal adhesion formation with the angiogenesis inhibitor sunitinib.

Objective To determine the effects of sunitinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) antagonist, on intra-abdominal adhesions. Background In the United States, complications from adhesions cost $1 billion and account for 846,000 inpatient days annually. Endothelial mitogens, such as VEGF, are up-regulated during adhesion formation. Sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antitumor properties, may prevent or reduce postoperative abdominal adhesions by VEGFR-2 inhibition. Methods The cecum of 37 mice were abraded to promote adhesion formation and a silicone patch was sutured to the abdominal wall. The mice were randomized into two groups: Group 1 was treated with sunitinib in methylcellulose by oral gavage daily and Group 2 (control) received methylcellulose alone. After 10 d the mice were sacrificed and intra-abdominal adhesions were scored. The experiment was then repeated and mice were sacrificed on postoperative day 30 to assess the long-term effects of sunitinib. Results All 19 control mice developed intra-abdominal adhesions. Six of the 18 (33.3%) mice in the treatment group were adhesion-free. Collectively, the sunitinib-treated mice had a lower adhesion score [2.0 (IQR 0.0–5.0; range 0–8.0)] than the control group [5.0 (IQR 3.0–8.0; range 2.0–10.0) ( P = 0.002)]. Long-term results were consistent with this finding [sunitinib 0.0 (IQR 0.0–3.0; range 0–7) and control 6.0 (IQR 3.0–7.0; range 0–12) ( P = 0.049)]. Conclusion Adhesion formation is angiogenesis-dependent and is in part mediated through VEGFR-2. Sunitinib, a VEGFR-2 antagonist, significantly reduces adhesion formation in a murine model. Antiangiogenic therapy may be an efficacious strategy to prevent or treat adhesions after intra-abdominal procedures.
Gastric banding as a salvage procedure for patients with weight loss failure after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

This study reviews outcomes after laparoscopic adjustable gastric band (LAGB) placement in patients with weight loss failure after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). All data was prospectively collected and entered into an electronic registry. Characteristics evaluated for this study included pre-operative age and body mass index (BMI), gender, conversion rate, operative (OR) time, length of stay (LOS), percentage excess weight loss (EWL), and postoperative complications. 11 patients (seven females, four males) were referred to our program for weight loss failure after RYGBP (six open, five laparoscopic). Mean age and BMI pre-RYGBP were 39.5 years (24–58 years) and 53.2 kg/m2 (41.2–71 kg/m2), respectively. Mean EWL after RYGBP was 38% (19–49%). All patients were referred to us for persistent morbid obesity due to weight loss failure or weight regain. The average time between RYGBP and LAGB was 5.5 years (1.8–20 years). Mean age and BMI pre-LAGB were 46.1 years (29–61 years) and 43.4 kg/m2 (36–57 kg/m2), respectively. Vanguard (VG) bands were placed laparoscopically in most patients. There was one conversion to open. Mean OR time and LOS were 76 minutes and 29 hours, respectively. The 30-day complication rate was 0% and mortality was 0%. There were no band slips or erosions; however, one patient required reoperation for a flipped port. The average follow-up after LAGB was 13 months (2–32 months) with a mean BMI of 37.1 kg/m2 (22.7–54.5 kg/m2) and an overall mean EWL of 59% (7–96%). Patients undergoing LAGB after failed RYGBP lost an additional 20.8% EWL (6–58%). Our experience shows that LAGB is a safe and effective solution to failed RYGBP.
Preferential uncoupling by manganese of alpha adrenergic receptor mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase in human platelets.

Summary Mn ++ was found to preferentially uncouple the alpha receptor mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase in human platelets under conditions where PGE 1 stimulation of the enzyme was preserved. Since epinephrine competition curves with the antagonist radioligand [ 3 H]yohimbine were unchanged by Mn ++ , it is likely that the Mn ++ perturbs the interaction of an inhibitory regulatory component with adenylate cyclase rather than with the alpha receptor. The ability of low concentrations of Mn ++ to selectively uncouple a functionally distinct pathway which mediates inhibition of adenylate cyclase by alpha-adrenergic agonists and guanine nucleotides should provide a useful tool for probing the mechanisms of hormonal regulation of the enzyme's activity.
Inhibition of starvation-induced body dehydration by saline consumption in rats and gerbils.

Food-deprivation hypovolemia has been observed in a variety of mesic- and desert-adapted rodent species. Xeric-adapted rodents appear to lose intravascular volume in proportion to body weight loss during food restriction, while mesically adapted rodent species lose intravascular volume at a rate much greater than that of body weight loss. The present investigation noted significant inhibition of food deprivation hypovolemia in rats given access to saline solutions. Similarly treated gerbils evidenced inhibited carcass water losses with sequestering of fluids in the extracellular space. Availability of sodium during food deprivation appears to be essential to both species for the maintenance of body water balance in ratio with weight loss during short-term starvation.
Enhanced ethanol-, but not cocaine-induced, conditioned place preference in Apoe(-/-) mice.

Abstract Apolipoprotein (apo) E is a glycoprotein that is most commonly associated with cardiovascular and Alzheimer's disease risk. Recent data showing that apoE mRNA expression is reduced in the frontal cortex of alcoholics raise the possibility that apoE may also be related to the rewarding properties of ethanol. In this study, we examined whether Apoe deletion affects the rewarding properties of ethanol in mice. Male and female wild-type (WT; C57BL/6J) and apoE knockout (Apoe−/−; C57BL/6J-Apoetm1Unc) mice underwent an unbiased place conditioning procedure with ethanol (2 g/kg) or cocaine (5 mg/kg). Female mice were also tested for ethanol intake in a two-bottle choice procedure. Apoe−/− mice showed greater ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). In contrast, cocaine-induced CPP and ethanol intake were similar between the genotypes. These findings suggest that apoE normally reduces the conditioned rewarding properties of ethanol but not of cocaine. While the exact mechanisms underlying these effects of apoE are unknown, these data support a possible role for apoE in modulating the conditioned rewarding properties of ethanol.
Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Predict Smoking Cessation: Moderating Effects of Experienced Failure to Control Smoking and Plans to Quit

The current study tested implicit and explicit attitudes as prospective predictors of smoking cessation in a Midwestern community sample of smokers. Results showed that the effects of attitudes significantly varied with levels of experienced failure to control smoking and plans to quit. Explicit attitudes significantly predicted later cessation among those with low (but not high or average) levels of experienced failure to control smoking. Conversely, however, implicit attitudes significantly predicted later cessation among those with high levels of experienced failure to control smoking, but only if they had a plan to quit. Because smoking cessation involves both controlled and automatic processes, interventions may need to consider attitude change interventions that focus on both implicit and explicit attitudes.
Positron-Electron Differences in Energy Loss and Multiple Scattering

The Bhabha cross section for positron-electron scattering is used to derive the average rate of collision loss by positrons passing through matter, which differs from the corresponding expression for negative electrons by a few percent. The spin and exchange terms of the Bhabha and M\o{}ller cross sections produce small corrections also in the Landau distribution of energy losses by positive and negative electrons in thin foils, the most probable energy loss being less affected than the shape of the distribution. Positron-electron differences in the average cosine of the multiple-scattering angle, and in the penetration depth at which the particles have lost their memory of initial direction, are calculated from the appropriate elastic cross sections; the difference in rate of energy loss is included in the calculation. Numerical examples for Al and Pb are given.
Synthesis of organosiloxane copolymers using enzymatic polyesterification

Abstract Lipase B from Candida antarctica was used to catalyze the condensation polymerization of 1,3-bis(3-carboxypropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane with three different alkanediols (1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol and 1,8-octanediol) in the bulk and under reduced pressure. The effect of temperature, vacuum, enzyme activity and enzyme concentration on the reaction kinetics was investigated. Progress of the reactions was monitored using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) by analyzing the samples collected at selected time intervals. In all the three polyesterification reactions that were investigated herein, the rate of product formation increased when the temperature was increased from 50 to 90 °C. An increase in the applied vacuum from 50 to 300 mm Hg (vacuum gauge pressure) was found to have little or no effect on the rate of product formation during the first stage of the reaction (24 h). However, the molecular weight of the polymer increased during the latter half of the reaction, apparently due to a shift from reaction control to diffusion control in the increasingly viscous system. The activity of the enzyme and chain-length of the alkanediols were found to be critical for the reactions investigated. Furthermore, the activity of the recovered lipase using THF and toluene was reduced to below 50%, apparently due to the enzyme leaching out from the immobilized acrylic resin.
Weight control and heat disorders in youth sports

Controlling and modifying body weight is the most common nutritional concern encountered in young athletes. Many are interested in limiting fatness to provide a maximum amount of muscle strength, endurance, and quickness for each pound of body weight taken into competition. These athletes are those participating either in weight-matched competitions (e.g., wrestling) or in sports demanding a high level of body strength in relation to body weight (e.g., men's gymnastics). More commonly, particularly among male adolescents, there is a desire to increase body weight to increase potential for participating in certain sports. All of these athletes become vulnerable to various diet schemes that are ineffective, may compromise athletic training and performance, and can be frankly dangerous. The health professional will be of great assistance in providing for these athletes' clearly defined goals, proper training advice, and sound dietary practices. Also of concern are cramps, exhaustion, and stroke—so-called heat disorders that result from varying degrees of fluid deprivation with compromised circulatory efficiency. The exercised muscle, with inadequate circulation, cramps. Acute sudden loss of plasma volume and inadequate circulation to the central nervous system causes heat exhaustion. Severe reduction in circulatory effectiveness limits the ability of the exercising athlete to transport and dissipate body heat, thus increasing the threat of heat stroke. Monitoring water needs, scheduling intakes of cool, clean water regularly during workouts and competition, and being alert to adverse environmental conditions prevent these catastrophies. Electrolyte replacement for the sweating athlete is abundantly provided by the minerals in the generous, mixed diet of the athlete.
Shortened BCH codes (Corresp.)

By shortening certain binary primitive BCH codes, we derive a number of linear error-correcting codes with minimum distances superior to any known previously. We also give the weight spectra of three nonprimitive BCH codes whose minimum distances likewise constitute a significant improvement over those of the best codes previously known.
Defensins in innate antiviral immunity

Defensins are small antimicrobial peptides that are produced by leukocytes and epithelial cells, and that have an important role in innate immunity. Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of the antiviral action(s) of defensins indicate that they have a dual role in antiviral defence, acting directly on the virion and on the host cell. This Review focuses on the antiviral activities and mechanisms of action of mammalian defensins, and on the clinical relevance of these activities. Understanding the complex function of defensins in innate immunity against viral infection has implications for the prevention and treatment of viral disease.
Nuclear Na+/K+-ATPase plays an active role in nucleoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis.

Na+/K+-ATPase, an integral membrane protein, has been studied for over a half century with respect to its transporter function in the plasma membrane, where it expels three Na+ ions from the cell in exchange for two K+ ions. In this study, we demonstrate a functioning Na+/K+-ATPase within HEK293 cell nuclei. This subcellular localization was confirmed by western blotting, ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity of the nuclear membrane fraction, immunocytochemistry and delivery of fluorescently tagged Na+/K+-ATPase α- and β-subunits. In addition, we observed an overlap between nuclear Na+/K+-ATPase and Na/Ca-exchanger (NCX) when nuclei were immunostained with commercially available Na+/K+-ATPase and NCX antibodies, suggesting a concerted physiological coupling between these transporters. In keeping with this, we observed an ATP-dependent, strophanthidin-sensitive Na+ flux into the nuclear envelope (NE) lumen loaded with the Na-sensitive dye, CoroNa-Green. Analogous experiments using Fluo-5N, a low affinity Ca2+ indicator, demonstrated a similar ATP-dependent and strophanthidin-sensitive Ca2+ flux into the NE lumen. Our results reveal an intracellular physiological role for the coordinated efforts of the Na+/K+-ATPase and NCX to actively remove Ca2+ from the nucleoplasm into the NE lumen (i.e. the nucleoplasmic reticulum).
Fracture behaviour and microstructure of MoSi2 reinforced with ductile ellipsoidal Nb particles

A MoSi2/Nb composite with ellipsoidal reinforcements has been produced by uniaxial forging of a sample manufactured by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The final aspect ratio of the reinforcing Nb particles as a function of strain has been predicted. Reaction products at the interface have been identified by means of energy dispersive X-ray analysis, electron diffraction, high resolution electron microscopy and image simulations. Substantial improvements have been obtained in the fracture toughness compared to the unreinforced matrix and MoSi2 reinforced with identical volume fraction of spherical Nb reinforcements. The increase has been interpreted on the basis of a reduced number of particles that totally debond.
Ribavirin and Inosiplex: A Review of their Present Status in Viral Diseases

A considerable amount of information has accumulated during the past 10 years in the search for antiviral agents. Ribavirin and inosiplex are 2 interesting developments to come out of this search.
Sialolithiasis of submandibular gland.

50-year-old man presented to the Emergency Departent with 3 days of dysphagia and odynophagia. He also eported 1 day of subjective dyspnea when supine. Imunizations were up to date, he had not traveled reently, and he had no sick contacts. Past medical history, ocial history, and family history, as well as review of ymptoms were unremarkable. Vital signs were within normal limits with the excepion of a temperature of 38.9°C (102.1°F). The patient as speaking in full sentences, in no respiratory distress nd without stridor. He was sitting upright on a gurney, ccasionally spitting up red-tinged sputum. The head xamination was significant for facial asymmetry; the ight submandibular area was markedly edematous and ender with a non-fluctuant mass approximately 3 cm in ize (Figure 1). The oropharynx was significant for ildly erythematous mucosa. The posterior pharynx was ifficult to view, however, flexible indirect laryngoscopy evealed a narrowed trachea. Laboratory results were significant for WBC of 7,000, with 76% segmented neutrophils and 11% bands. lectrolytes and liver function tests were within normal imits. Imaging consisted of computed tomography (CT) can that revealed an inflammatory mass measuring 4 cm n the area of the right submandibular gland (Figure 2). n the center of the mass, there was a 1.4 1.7 cm stone. he mass extended into the lateral oropharynx and hy-
Improvement of TDOA Position Fixing Using the Likelihood Curvature

A conventional multilateration is a two-step process where, in the first step the time difference of arrivals (TDOA) of a signal at multiple sensors are estimated, and in the second step, these TDOAs are used in some position fixing technique to estimate the location of an emitter. Several estimators have been proposed over the years for the estimation of the TDOAs. Many techniques have been proposed for position fixing as well. Much of the research on position fixing has been focused on obtaining a simplified closed form solution. For the unknown deterministic signal model, Stein had derived the maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) for the TDOA between two sensors, which is the peak location of the cross-correlation function. Since the asymptotic variance of an MLE approaches the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), which is the inverse of the negative of the expected value of the curvature of the log-likelihood function, using this as a motivation, we propose a weighted least squares type position fixing technique where the weights are computed from the curvature of the log-likelihood function.
Multiplexed substrate-mode holograms

We present a simplified model and experimental verification for multiplexed substrate-mode volume holograms. The analysis is based on coupled-wave theory for uncoupled S- and P-polarization states of the incident beam. The theory is used to investigate a practical situation with the reconstruction beam normally incident upon the substrate plane and the diffracted multimode beams propagating in orthogonal directions within the substrate. Model results are then used to optimize the performance of experimental holograms formed in dichromated gelatin. The resultant multiplexed grating splits the incident beam into four orthogonal beams with nearly equal intensities, for a total efficiency of 80%.
Color-Based Association Among Heterospecifics in Lake Malaŵi Rock-Dwelling Cichlids

Female mate choice can be an imperfect barrier against hybridization. Among the cichlid fishes of the East African great lakes, sexual selection on male nuptial coloration has been noted as being particularly important for reproductive isolation among closely related lineages. Diversification of the rock-dwelling cichlids of Lake Malaŵi has led to a repeating pattern of color morphs wherein more distantly related species may look more similar than a more closely related pair. Using members of the Metriaclima zebra group and a heterogener, I tested the hypothesis that females would spend greater time associating with males more similarly colored to her species than females would with divergently colored, although more closely related males. Experimental results were consistent with this hypothesis, thus supporting the speculation and some field observation that mate choice can fail as a barrier to hybridization if a female encounters a distantly related male that shares the nuptial coloration of males of her own species and color morph. This notion is discussed in the broader context of both the adaptive and non-adaptive mechanisms that have been suggested to be important to the radiation of this group.
Plant Genetic Approaches to Phosphorus Management in Agricultural Production

Much of the P in corn (Zea mays I,.) grain is present in the form of phytic acid. Phytic acid P is unavailable to monogastric animals with most heing excreted in the waste. As a result, the substantial P stores in grain are essentially wasted and may contribute to water pollution rather than animal productivity. The initial goal of this research was to isolate chemically induced mutants with reduced levels of phytic acid P in corn. Such mutants, referred to as low phytic acid or lpa, were isolated and were found to have little or no other effect on kernel composition including no effect on total grain P content. The first mutant characterized, lpal-1, contains a 65% reduction in phytic acid and is accompanied hy a molar-equivalent increase in inorganic P. This mutant was backcrossed into elite corn inbred lines and resulting hybrids were evaluated for yield and other important agronomic traits. Preliminary field trials indicated germination, stalk strength, grain moisture at harvest, and flowering date were not affected by lpal-1. Some, but not all. lpa1-1 hyhrids had yield reductions. In a preliminary chick feeding trial, the low phytic acid grain resulted in greater P availability and reduced P content in the waste. Altering the phytic acid content genetically in corn is possible and may have the potential to improve feeding efficiencies and reduce P released to the environment.
Military nuclear waste disposal

A National Research Council (NRC) panel has endorsed a plan for a proposed underground military nuclear waste disposal facility located on a site near Carlsbad, N.M. The Department of Energy (DOE) asked NRC to evaluate the geologic suitability of the site. The NRC panel, chaired by Frank L. Parker of Vanderbilt University, concluded in its final report that “the important issues about the geology of the site have been resolved…” Those issues include the purity and volume of salt, the absence of brine pockets at the repository horizon in the areas excavated, the absence of breccia pipes and of toxic gases, and the nearly horizontal bedding of the salt. Thick underground salt beds have long been considered prime candidates for nuclear waste repositories. The existence of salt beds is believed to indicate long-term stability. In addition, the salt is flexible and will seal cracks and discontinuities over time.
Growth factors as wound healing agents

Wound healing can no longer be considered a generic term: it is the summation of a complex series of processes beginning with coagulation and ending in remodelling. This review, therefore, summarizes the past year's advances in growth factor research according to the roles of the individual growth factors in the specific processes of the wound healing scheme.
Prediction of a fluctuational local mode in B-form poly(dA)-poly(dT).

The reduction of the interbase hydrogen-bond force constants in a unit cell of B form poly(dA)-poly(dT) creates a local mode in the gap between 63.9 and 66.7 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. This mode emerges from the band with a zone-center frequency of 66.7 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. This band has a large h-bond stretch amplitude. Our calculations suggest that this local mode can be created by thermal fluctuations in the perfect homopolymer. We track the behavior of this mode with softening of the h bonds. As expected, we find that the mode shifts to lower frequencies as the bonds soften. The h-bond stretch amplitudes are found to increase with h-bond softening, up to a point, beyond which they decrease with further softening.
Validation of absolute target thickness calibrations in a QQQ instrument by measuring absolute total cross-sections of Ne+ (Ne, Ne) Ne+

Abstract Total cross-sections, σ( E ), for the symmetric (resonant) charge transfer reaction Ne + + Ne → Ne + Ne + were measured in our triple-quadrupole (QQQ) tandem mass spectrometer for collision energies E coll ⋍ 5–60 eV (LAB coordinates). This is the range of energies typically used for collision-induced dissociation (CID) in QQQ instruments. We measured identical σ( E ) from both the rate of reactant ion decay and the rate of product ion formation. This validates that our QQQ instrument is kinetically well behaved. Our σ( E ), for E ⋍ 5–60 eV and P ⋍ 0.04–1 mtorr are in excellent agreement with the Rapp-Francis theory as corrected by Dewangan. Our kinetic method provides a means whereby the absolute target thickness [(actual path length traversed by the ion) × (effective number density of the CID target)] of gas targets can be accurately calibrated in situ for collision energies in the range of ca. 5–60 eV (LAB). Knowledge of target thicknesses is essential for the development of generic CID spectral libraries generated in different types of QQQ instruments [i.e. collision chamber and molecular beam targets]. An interlaboratory round robin test protocol is being formulated to assess the utility of our method for standardization of generic operating parameters. Letters of inquiry from prospective participants may be sent to NBS.
IR Spectroscopy of Pristine and Iodine-Doped Permethylpolyazine

Mid- and near-IR spectra for pristine and iodine-doped permethylpolyazine (−[NC(CH3)−C(CH3)N]x−) are reported for both natural isotopic abundance and 100% 15N-enriched samples. For the undoped samples the degree of conjugation along the polymer backbone is fairly small. Upon exposure to iodine, the only changes in the IR spectra are found in the near IR where a very intense band grows in above 4000 cm-1 and in the mid-IR where there is development of a weaker, poorly resolved doublet around 1500 cm-1. The strong absorption in the near-IR has none of the characteristics normally associated with gap states and so is assigned to be the tail of the visible, electronic absorption of triiodide. The doping-induced feature in the mid-IR is a doublet; the higher energy band is diminished upon 15N enrichment, while the lower energy peak is unaffected by the isotopic substitution. Complexation of I+ to the polymer, probably through the imine π bond, is thought to be responsible for the new mid-IR peaks. There is no ...
Sex‐, stage‐ and tissue‐specific regulation by a mosquito hexamerin promoter

A portion of the 5'-flanking region of the female-specific hexamerin gene, Hex-1.2, from the mosquito Ochlerotatus atropalpus was used to drive expression of the luciferase reporter gene in Drosophila melanogaster. The proximal 0.7 kb of 5'-flanking DNA were sufficient to partially repress reporter gene activity in males and to drive tissue- and stage-specific expression comparable with that of the endogenous O. atropalpus Hex-1.2 gene. The Drosophila doublesex transcription factor (DSX), expressed in Escherichia coli, bound putative DSX sites of the Hex-1.2 gene differentially in vitro. Blocking expression of the female isoform of the Doublesex transcription factor in transgenic female flies resulted in reduction of luciferase expression to levels comparable with those in males, suggesting that Doublesex could contribute to regulation of female-specific expression of the O. atropalpus Hex-1.2 gene.
Linear stability of relative equilibria with a dominant mass

A criterion for the linear stability of relative equilibria of the Newtoniann-body problem is found in the case whenn−1 of the masses are small. Several stable periodic orbits of the problem are presented as examples.
Megawatt Power Level 120 GHz Gyrotrons for ITER Start-Up

We report operation of a 110 GHz gyrotron with 1.67 MW of output power measured in short pulses (3µs) at an efficiency of 42% in the TE22,6 mode. We also present a preliminary design of a 1 MW, 120 GHz gyrotron for ITER start-up with an efficiency greater than 50%.
Error analysis applied to indirect methods for precipitation acidity

The historical increase in the acidity of precipitation in northern Europe has been monitored by direct measurements of pH and titrations of acidity. Indirect methods such as conductivity and charge balances as well as chemical source models have been used to confirm the measured acidities. In the absence of historical records of direct measurements of acidity in precipitation in the United States, indirect methods have been applied to available data on the composition of rainwater to quantify the acidity. Unfortunately, the indirect methods are sensitive to small errors in certain pH regions. The effects of random errors in major ion concentrations as well as the systematic errors due to the exclusion of trace metal and organic ions are shown to be largest around pH 5.6 in the charge balance and chemical source strength calculations and largest around pH 6.1 for the conductivity balance method. Estimates of the uncertainty in historical mean values of precipitation ion concentrations are used to calculate upper and lower bounds on the acidity of rainwater in the United States before 1970. The trend of increasing acidity of precipitation in the northeastern United States is still evident after applying error analysis.
Unscented particle filter for tracking a magnetic dipole target

In this paper we present a recursive Bayesian solution to the problem of joint tracking and classification of a target modeled at a distance by an equivalent magnetic dipole. Tracking/classification of a magnetic dipole from noisy magnetic field measurements involves the modeling of a non-linear non-Gaussian system. This system allows for complications due to multiple directions of arrival and target maneuver. The determination of target position, velocity and magnetic moment is formulated as an optimal stochastic estimation problem, which could be solved using a sequential Monte Carlo based approach known as the particle filter. In addition to the conventional particle filter, the proposed tracking and classification algorithm uses the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to generate the transition prior as the proposal distribution
Details of the measurement of rare earth and other trace element abundances by secondary ion mass spectrometry

Abstract Details of a method for quantitative measurement of rare earth element (REE) abundances by secondary ion mass spectrometry are presented. The specifics of the multipass deconvolution algorithm are given. Direct measurements of the ratios of REE to REE oxide ion signals ( η i ) as a function of energy are shown and investigated. The η i are important quantities used to determine the intensities of the heavy REE ion signals. Relative sensitivity factors for the REE are given for silicate and sulfide minerals and a comparison of measured relative sensitivity factors among three laboratories is shown. The occurrence of artifacts in the analysis is also discussed.
Effects of Nanoscale Surface Texture and Lubricant Molecular Structure on Boundary Lubrication in Liquid

Nanoconfinement effects of boundary lubricants can significantly affect the friction behavior of textured solid interfaces. These effects were studied with nanotextured diamond-like carbon (DLC) surfaces using a reciprocating ball-on-flat tribometer in liquid lubricants with different molecular structures: n-hexadecane and n-pentanol for linear molecular structure and poly(α-olefin) and heptamethylnonane for branched molecular structure. It is well-known that liquid lubricants with linear molecular structures can readily form a long-range ordered structure upon nanoconfinement between flat solid surfaces. This long-range ordering, often called solidification, causes high friction in the boundary lubrication regime. When the solid surface deforms elastically due to the contact pressure and this deformation depth is larger than the surface roughness, even rough surfaces can exhibit the nanoconfinement effects. However, the liquid entrapped in the depressed region of the nanotextured surface would not solidi...
Zephyr: live migration in shared nothing databases for elastic cloud platforms

Multitenant data infrastructures for large cloud platforms hosting hundreds of thousands of applications face the challenge of serving applications characterized by small data footprint and unpredictable load patterns. When such a platform is built on an elastic pay-per-use infrastructure, an added challenge is to minimize the system's operating cost while guaranteeing the tenants' service level agreements (SLA). Elastic load balancing is therefore an important feature to enable scale-up during high load while scaling down when the load is low. Live migration, a technique to migrate tenants with minimal service interruption and no downtime, is critical to allow lightweight elastic scaling. We focus on the problem of live migration in the database layer. We propose Zephyr, a technique to efficiently migrate a live database in a shared nothing transactional database architecture. Zephyr uses phases of on-demand pull and asynchronous push of data, requires minimal synchronization, results no service unavailability and few or no aborted transactions, minimizes the data transfer overhead, provides ACID guarantees during migration, and ensures correctness in the presence of failures. We outline a prototype implementation using an open source relational database engine and an present a thorough evaluation using various transactional workloads. Zephyr's efficiency is evident from the few tens of failed operations, 10-20% change in average transaction latency, minimal messaging, and no overhead during normal operation when migrating a live database.
Researching Gender-Role Ideologies Internationally and Cross-Culturally

Although many studies have compared gender-role ideologies internationally and cross-culturally, few researchers have attended to cultural differences in the meaningfulness or conceptual equivalence of the scale items. The literature on the use of instruments internationally is reviewed with respect to potentially universal (etic) constructs and findings. Gender differences in attitudes and the domains in which gender-related behavior is expressed differ internationally. A potential universal dimension is represented by a modern, egalitarian ideology on the one pole and a traditional ideology on the other. Using scales developed in three cultural contexts, we demonstrate that ratings of meaningfulness are correlated with the use of scores distant from the midpoint. Specific recommendations for researchers include consultation with cultural informants and incorporation of culturally specific (emic) items.
Acetaminophen Toxicosis In 17 Cats

Summary Seventeen cases of acetamninophen intoxication in cats were identified over a 12-year period. Information obtained from the medical records included the signalment, amount acetaminophen ingested, time from ingestion until treatment was initiated, clinical signs, physical examination, clinical pathology, treatment and outcome. The most common cause intoxication was owner administration. In cats that died or were euthanized the dose administered ranged from 10mg/kg to 17Omg/kg, while in cats that survived the dosage ranged from 10mg/kg to 400mg/kg. The most common clinical signs were depression, increased respiratory rate, respiratory distress, pale/muddy mucous membranes, and hypothermia. Twelve cats survived. Ten of these cats had treatment initiated within 14 hours after ingestion. One cat that survived had treatment initiated 24 hours after ingestion, and a second cat that survived had treatment initiated 48 hours after ingestion. Time between ingestion and initiation treatment may be as important if not more important than the actual dosage acetaminophen administered.
Responses of Neurons in Somatosensory Cortical Area II of Cats to High-Frequency Vibratory Stimuli during Iontophoresis of a GABA Antagonist and Glutamate

Areas in the second somatic sensory cortex (SII) of cats that responded vigorously to low-amplitude, high-frequency vibratory stimulation were mapped with respect to the surrounding soma-totopic or...
ENHANCED EXPRESSION OF THYMIDINE KINASE IN HUMAN CELLS FOLLOWING IONIZING RADIATION

Abstract Purpose : We investigated the induction of thymidine kinase transcription and enzymatic activity, and the activation of transcription factors binding to the thymidine kinase promoter, in human normal compared to tumor cells in culture before and after ionizing radiation. Methods and Materials : Northern blot, dot-blot, and thymidine kinase enzyme assays were used to observe thymidine kinase transcript and enzymatic changes before and after radiation. Temporal expression of thymidine kinase transcripts following an optimal induction dose of radiation was also studied. Gel mobility shift assays were performed using a 95-base pair fragment of the thymidine kinase promoter (containing the CCAAT box) to analyze transcription factor binding. Results : Thymidine kinase transcript and enzymatic levels were higher in human tumor compared to normal cells. In contrast, levels of x-ray-activated thymidine kinase transcription factors were not significantly different in human neoplastic compared to normal cells. Conclusion : Elevated x-ray-induced thymidine kinase transcripts, enzymatic levels, and transcription factors are consistent with the loss of stringent cell growth regulation associated with neoplastic cells. The induction of thymidine kinase following ionizing radiation may be exploited in chemotherapeutic strategies which use halogenated pyrimidines and/or in various gene therapy strategies.