cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Eu3+-Doped ZnB2O4 (B = Al3+, Ga3+) Nanospinels: An Efficient Red Phosphor

This paper describes the synthesis of Eu(III)-doped ZnB2O4 (B = Al(III) or Ga(III)) nanospinels with Eu(III) concentrations varying between 1% and 15.6%. The synthesis was achieved through a microwave (MW) synthetic methodology producing 3 nm particles by the thermal decomposition of zinc undecylenate (UND) and a metal 2,4-pentanedionate (B(acac)3, B = Al3+ or Ga3+) in oleylamine (OAm). The nanospinels were then ligand exchanged with the β-diketonate, 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (tta). Using tta as a ligand on the surface of the particles resulted in soluble materials that could be embedded in lens mimics, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Through a Dexter energy transfer mechanism, tta efficiently sensitized the Eu(III) doped within the nanospinels, resulting in red phosphors with intrinsic quantum efficiencies (QEs) and QEs in PMMA as high as 50% when excited in the UV. Optical measurements on the out of batch and tta-passivated nanospinels were done to obtain absorption, emission, and lifetime da...
TR-04NANOPARTICLE siRNA DELIVERY VEHICLES INHIBIT DNA REPAIR AND SENSITIZE PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR CELLS TO RADIATION THERAPY

Radiotherapy (RT) is an integral component of the treatment for medulloblastoma (MB) and the only effective adjuvant therapy for ependymoma (EP), two of the most common pediatric brain tumors. However, survival is frequently accompanied by one or more radiation-induced adverse developmental and psychosocial sequelae. Therefore, strategies that enhance the tumoricidal action of RT while sparing adjacent normal brain are expected to reduce the amount of radiation required to generate a therapeutic effect in these tumors. The multifunctional DNA repair protein Ape1/Ref-1 has been implicated in conferring radiation resistance in pediatric brain tumors. However, inhibiting Ape1 activity in the clinic has been hindered by the lack of safe and effective drugs and siRNA delivery vehicles. Here, we used our nanoparticle delivery vehicles to deliver siRNA against Ape1 (siApe1) and improve cell kill after RT. Nanoparticles were loaded with siApe1, or siGFP as a control, and used to treat UW228 (MB) and Res196 (EP) cells. Ape1 expression and activity were measured using PCR, Western blot, and an abasic endonuclease activity assay. DNA repair and clonogenic survival were assessed after exposure to 137Cs-γ-rays. We found that nanoparticle-mediated siApe1 delivery reduced Ape1 expression and activity by greater than 80%, which was accompanied by a greater abundance of DNA damage. This diminished the shoulder of resistance in survival curves decreasing survival to ∼50% at 1 Gy. Sensitization was specific to abasic site generating treatments as response to paclitaxel was not affected. Therefore, nanoparticle-mediated inhibition of Ape1 may help enhance the therapeutic effect of RT in pediatric brain tumor patients and reduce treatment-induced morbidity.
Interferometric Processing to Look-ahead Bed Boundary and Measure Distance and Resistivity

Summary The interferometric processing of the long-spacing lowfrequency LWD resistivity-log data can be used to detect a bed boundary ahead of the tool and to determine the distance to the boundary and the resistivity beyond the boundary. The interferometric signal is zero when the tool is away from the boundary. The boundary can be identified as the interferometric signal deviates from zero. The distance to the boundary is determined if the formation resistivity beyond the boundary is a priori known. Otherwise, plural or multiple measurements of different depths/ranges of investigation should be made, for instance at multiple frequencies, to simultaneously determine the distance and the resistivity beyond the boundary.
The Size and Shape of Turkey Eggs

Abstract A REVIEW of the available literature does not reveal any comprehensive data on the size or dimensions of turkey eggs. During the spring of 1937 all the eggs laid from February 16 to May 7 by 20 Bronze pullets which were used as breeding stock by the Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station were weighed to the nearest gram and the diameter and length of each egg determined to the nearest millimeter. While the period covered is short and the stock was limited to the Bronze variety in their first season’s production, the data were taken during the season when most turkey eggs are produced and from stock generally used for breeding purposes. While the birds used in this investigation were not trap-nested, the eggs laid during weekly periods may be compared. It is hoped that the data may be useful to those desiring such information. However, the factors affecting the size . . .
The Pattern of Longitudinal Change in Serum Creatinine and 90-Day Mortality After Major Surgery

Objective Calculate mortality risk that accounts for both severity and recovery of postoperative kidney dysfunction using the pattern of longitudinal change in creatinine. Background Although the importance of renal recovery after acute kidney injury (AKI) is increasingly recognized, the complex association that accounts for longitudinal creatinine changes and mortality is not fully described. Methods We used routinely collected clinical information for 46,299 adult patients undergoing major surgery to develop a multivariable probabilistic model optimized for nonlinearity of serum creatinine time series that calculates the risk function for 90-day mortality. We performed a 70/30 cross validation analysis to assess the accuracy of the model. Results All creatinine time series exhibited nonlinear risk function in relation to 90-day mortality and their addition to other clinical factors improved the model discrimination. For any given severity of AKI, patients with complete renal recovery, as manifested by the return of the discharge creatinine to the baseline value, experienced a significant decrease in the odds of dying within 90 days of admission compared with patients with partial recovery. Yet, for any severity of AKI, even complete renal recovery did not entirely mitigate the increased odds of dying, as patients with mild AKI and complete renal recovery still had significantly increased odds for dying compared with patients without AKI [odds ratio: 1.48 (95% confidence interval: 1.30-1.68)]. Conclusions We demonstrate the nonlinear relationship between both severity and recovery of renal dysfunction and 90-day mortality after major surgery. We have developed an easily applicable computer algorithm that calculates this complex relationship.
Biochemical Synthesis and Unusual Conformational Switching of a Molecular Complex of Polyaniline and DNA

Polyaniline (Pani) is one of the most interesting conducting polymers because of its promising electrical properties and unique redox tunability. Recently a new template assisted, enzymatic synthetic approach has been developed which yields a water-soluble and conducting complex of polyaniline and the template used. The mild reaction conditions in this approach allow for the utilization of delicate biological systems as template materials, such as DNA. Here we report the extension of this enzymatic approach to the synthesis of Pani on a DNA matrix. DNA serves as a suitable template for complexation and formation of conducting polyaniline. The redox behavior of Pani induces reversible conformational change in the secondary structure of DNA. Circular dichroism results suggest that the secondary structure of the DNA may be reversibly switched through manipulation of the redox state of the polyaniline.
Sheep cervical spine biomechanics: a finite element study.

Introduction Animal models are often used to make the transition from scientific concepts to clinical applications. The sheep model has emerged as an important model in spine biomechanics. Although there are several experimental biomechanical studies of the sheep cervical spine, only a limited number of computational models have been developed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop and validate a C2-C7 sheep cervical spine finite element (FE) model to study the biomechanics of the normal sheep cervical spine. Methods The model was based on anatomy defined using medical images and included nonlinear material properties to capture the high flexibility and large neutral zone of the sheep cervical spine. The model was validated using comprehensive experimental flexibility testing. Ten adult sheep cervical spines, from C2-C7, were used to experimentally ascertain overall and segmental flexibility to ±2 Nm in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Results The ranges of motion predicted by the computational model were within one standard deviation of the respective experimental motions throughout the load cycle, with the exception of extension and lateral bending. The model over- and under predicted the peak motions in extension and lateral bending, respectively. Nevertheless, the model closely represents the range of motion and flexibility of the sheep cervical spine. Discussion This is the first multilevel model of the sheep cervical spine. The validated model affords additional biomechanical insight into the intact sheep cervical spine that cannot be easily determined experimentally. The model can be used to study various surgical techniques, instrumentation, and device placement, providing researchers and clinicians insight that is difficult, if not impossible, to gain experimentally.
The Diagnosis Value of the Variety of Two-dimensional Color Doppler Ultrasound in Placenta Accreta

Objective To analyze retrospectively the ultrasound and sonographic features of patients with suspected placenta accreta,to summarize the methods of ultrasound diagnosis standards and inspection of placenta accreta in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy of placenta accreta.Methods The patients were grouped,diagnozed with different methods of ultrasound,to compare the effects.Results The application of two-dimensional transabdominal + transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound diagnosis and general transabdominal + transvaginal + HF superficial two-dimensional transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography had good results.Conclusion The variety of methods combined with ultrasound can improve the diagnostic accuracy of placenta accreta.
Biosynthesis of N-(purin-6-ylcarbamoyl)-l-threonine riboside. Incorporation of l-threonine in vivo into modified nucleoside of transfer ribonucleic acid

l-[U-(14)C]Threonine is incorporated into N-(purin-6-ylcarbamoyl)-l-threonine riboside of rat liver and Escherichia coli tRNA. A pathway is suggested for the biosynthesis of this nucleoside.
Understanding the Effect of Cation Disorder on the Voltage Profile of Lithium Transition-Metal Oxides

Cation disorder is a phenomenon that is becoming increasingly important for the design of high-energy lithium transition metal oxide cathodes (LiMO2) for Li-ion batteries. Disordered Li-excess rocksalts have recently been shown to achieve high reversible capacity, while in operando cation disorder has been observed in a large class of ordered compounds. The voltage slope (dVdxLi) is a critical quantity for the design of cation-disordered rocksalts, as it controls the Li capacity accessible at voltages below the stability limit of the electrolyte (∼4.5–4.7 V). In this study, we develop a lattice model based on first principles to understand and quantify the voltage slope of cation-disordered LiMO2. We show that cation disorder increases the voltage slope of Li transition metal oxides by creating a statistical distribution of transition metal environments around Li sites, as well as by allowing Li occupation of high-voltage tetrahedral sites. We further demonstrate that the voltage slope increase upon disor...
CHAPTER 3 – Evolution of Clinical Emission Tomography

This chapter discusses the historical development of Emission Tomography (ET) and its clinical applications. It first discusses the beginnings of nuclear medicine imaging and recalls some of the history, experience, and theoretical developments that guided the development of the technology. Emission tomography has made it possible to increase the visibility of low-contrast structures and provides quantitative information on the structure, uptake, turnover, and metabolic properties of biological systems, along with the pharmacokinetic behavior of radiolabeled drugs. Emission tomography has made it possible to move seamlessly from destructive 3D studies in animals to noninvasive nuclear imaging procedures in humans that are enhancing knowledge in many areas of medicine. The development of new imaging technology has revolutionized the diagnostic and therapeutic processes. The understanding of biochemical pathways and physiological processes was the first focus of nuclear medicine research. Furthermore, this chapter discusses the role of ET in several areas such as, brain imaging, thyroid imaging, cardiac imaging, kidney imaging, lung imaging, bone imaging, reticuloendothelial system, imaging tumor, and imaging molecular biology.
Experimental investigation of the effects of an axial magnetic field on the magneto Rayleigh-Taylor, sausage and kink instabilities in imploding liner-plasmas

Experiments are underway to study the stabilizing effects of an axial magnetic field on the magneto Rayleigh-Taylor (MRT), sausage, and kink instabilities in imploding liner-plasmas at the Michigan Accelerator for Inductive Z-pinch Experiments (MAIZE) facility at the University of Michigan (UM). The liners were fabricated from ultrathin aluminum foils and had thicknesses of 400 nm and 6.55 mm diameters, and were imploded by discharging a current of 600 kA using a 1-MA Linear Transformer Driver1. An independently triggered capacitor bank was used to drive a set of Helmholtz coils in order to generate axial magnetic fields of up to 5 T. The imploding plasma was imaged using a 12-frame laser imaging system, which captured both shadowgraphs and self-emission over a 120–180 ns period. Varying the external magnetic field enabled a controlled study of the stabilizing effects of axial magnetic fields on instability growth in imploding plasmas.
Tragelaphus strepsiceros (Greater kudu)

Skin biopsies of these two animals were kindly provided by Dr. H. Heck, Catskill Game Farm, Catskill, New York, USA. The findings confirm those by Wallace and Fairall in three males and two females. These authors also studied meiosis in one male and found 14 bivalents and one large quadrivalent in first meiosis; in second metaphase they observed an equal number of cells with 15 and 16 chromosomes. It is thus assumed that a large acrocentric Y is translocated to the largest acrocentric autosome. The male karyotype shown here displays, in autoradiography, heavy labeling of all elements, except that arm of the last large metacentric here designated Y. It is clearly asynchronous. Labeling patterns of one female culture are not decisive. Further studies of the sex chromosomes are needed. Other members of this family (eland, nyala) have similarly complex sex chromosomes.
Environmental Poisons in Our Food

Review by Cindy Kaag Head of Collection Development, Owen Science and Engineering Library Washington State University, Pullman WA 99164-3200, USA. TEL: 509-335-4181 Millichap, M. Gordon. Environmental Poisons in Our Food. Chicago: PNB Publishers, 1993. 271pp. US$29.95 hardbound, US$14.95 ISBN: 0-9629115-7-7. Despite the sensationalist title, the author's credentials are impressive: Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics and Neurology at Northwestern University Medical School and former consultant in Pediatric Neurology, Mayo Clinic. Certainly he is better qualified than the authors of the slew of goblins'll- getcha-if-ya-don't-watch-out food scare books that came out in the early 1970's. Moreover, individual sentences in this book are generally accurate and unexceptionable. It's the tendency to link one fact to another with the implication of causality that should make the reader wary. The publisher's flyer touts the book as a comprehensive compendium of environmental food and water toxicology, nutritionally induced diseases, with emphasis on neurological and other complications epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. That's a lot for 271 pages; comprehensive coverage of a single nutritionally-induced disease would run to multiple volumes. So what is Environmental Poisons in Our Food? It is more than a polemic; Millichap is knowledgeable and has certainly had the chance to observe the medical effects of environmental exposure to toxic substances. Unfortunately, his book is less than evenhanded and scientifically balanced; there are certainly dangers to ingesting lead or DDT, but the reader who took all these warnings to heart would end up eating nothing. Many inferences are set up by proximity of one statement to another, when there is no logical progression. Comparing Millichap's section on mercury poisoning with the chapter in Horace Graham's 1980 Safety of Foods is a revealing exercise. It isn't that they are wildly contradictory; it's just that the Graham chapter is so much more complete, rational, balanced and well-documented that Environmental Poisons in Our Food comparison looks like the National Inquirer. Not recommended.
Synthesis and characterization of methyl 6-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-β-d-galactopyranoside and methyl O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-galactopyranoside

Abstract 6- O -Acetyl-2- O -benzoyl-3,4-di- O -benzyl-α- d -galactopyranosyl chloride ( 8 ) was prepared from 1,6-anhydro-2- O -benzoyl-3,4-di- O -benzyl-β- d -galactopyranose via the corresponding 1,6-di- O -acetyl derivative 7 . The glycosyl chloride 8 was converted into the 1- O -tosyl derivative ( 9 ) which was allowed to react with methanol in acetonitrile to form methyl 6- O -acetyl-2- O -benzoyl-3,4-di- O -benzyl-β- d -galactopyranoside ( 10 ). Compound 10 was O -deacetylated with ammonium hydroxide in methanol to give 11 . Reaction of 9 with 11 under the same conditions of glycosidation gave the corresponding disaccharide derivative 12 . O -Deacetylation of 12 followed by glycosidation with 9 gave the corresponding trisaccharide derivative 16 . Appropriate deblocking sequences gave the title compounds. The structures of the glycosides were determined with the aid of both 1 H- and 13 C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. No evidence of α- d linkages was found.
Gentrification and binge drinking in California neighborhoods: It matters how long you've lived there.

Abstract Background Neighborhood context plays a role in binge drinking, a behavior with major health and economic costs. Gentrification, the influx of capital and residents of higher socioeconomic status into historically-disinvested neighborhoods, is a growing trend with the potential to place urban communities under social and financial pressure. Hypothesizing that these pressures and other community changes resulting from gentrification could be tied to excessive alcohol consumption, we examined the relationship between gentrification and binge drinking in California neighborhoods. Methods California census tracts were categorized as non-gentrifiable, stable (gentrifiable), or gentrifying from 2006 to 2015. Outcomes and covariates were obtained from the California Health Interview Survey using combined 2013–2015 data (n = 60,196). Survey-weighted logistic regression tested for associations between gentrification and any binge drinking in the prior 12 months. Additional models tested interactions between gentrification and other variables of interest, including housing tenure, federal poverty level, race/ethnicity, sex, and duration of neighborhood residence. Results A third of respondents reported past-year binge drinking. Controlling for demographic covariates, gentrification was not associated with binge drinking in the population overall (AOR = 1.13, 95% CI = 0.95–1.34), but was associated with binge drinking among those living in the neighborhood Conclusions For those newer to their neighborhood, gentrification is associated with binge drinking. Further understanding the relationship between gentrification and high-risk alcohol use is important for policy and public health interventions mitigating the impact of this process.
The ‘Relationship Premium’: Should Cost-Benefit Analysis Include the Value of Human Connections?

People care enormously about what happens to those with whom they are close. Nonetheless, standard cost-benefit analyses usually measure only direct impacts on individuals, as well as sometimes the abstract preferences people have about matters with which they have no connection. This ignores the indirect impacts of regulations on the loved ones of those directly impacted. This Article argues that these residual effects are more than mere opinions, but instead may result in distinct costs and benefits for the people who are indirectly impacted; more concretely, policies that could prevent the anguish of a parent, or create the pride of a sibling or spouse, ought to consider those effects if possible. This Article will examine if there is evidence that such “relationship premiums” exist, and address some of the implications and complications associated with including such costs and benefits in regulatory decisionmaking.
Pharmaceutical crystallization in surface-modified nanocellulose organogels

A significant research focus in the pharmaceutical industry is on methods to improve drug uptake into the body by increased dissolution of poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) or sustained drug release behavior, which results in higher overall uptake. Production of higher energy, higher solubility polymorphs is one approach to address this problem. Here we utilize natural materials, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), that have a high surface area covered with readily-modified hydroxyl groups to form organogels that promote API crystallization into polymorphs that differ from the as-received materials. We form the gels by oxidizing the CNCs and mixing them with an amine-containing surfactant, octadecylamine (ODA) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and we optimize the composition and preparation conditions for these gels. The APIs, sulfamethoxazole, sulfapyridine, and sulfamerazine, are added to the mixture prior to the gelation step and are expected to localize in the solvophobic regions of the physical gel and crystallize. We found that sulfamethoxazle recovered from the gels is in the amorphous state, while sulfapyridine crystallizes into a mixture of forms I, III and IV, and sulfamerazine crystallizes into forms I and II, which are different from the as-received materials. This system shows promise for rational design of nanocellulose organogel supports for heterogeneous crystallization of pharmaceutical materials with desired polymorphs.
Improving $K$ -Subspaces via Coherence Pursuit

Subspace clustering is a powerful generalization of clustering for high-dimensional data analysis, where low-rank cluster structure is leveraged for accurate inference. $K$ -Subspaces (KSS), an alternating algorithm that mirrors $K$ -means, is a classical approach for clustering with this model. Like $K$ -means, KSS is highly sensitive to initialization, yet KSS has two major handicaps beyond this issue. First, unlike $K$ -means, the KSS objective is NP-hard to approximate within any finite factor for a large enough subspace rank. Second, it is known that the $\ell _2$ subspace estimation step is faulty when an estimated cluster has points from multiple subspaces. In this paper, we demonstrate both of these additional drawbacks, provide a proof for the former, and offer a solution to the latter through the use of a robust subspace recovery (RSR) method known as coherence pursuit (CoP). While many RSR methods have been developed in recent years, few can handle the case where the outliers are themselves low rank. We prove that CoP can handle low-rank outliers. This and its low computational complexity make it ideal to incorporate into the subspace estimation step of KSS. We demonstrate on synthetic data that CoP successfully rejects low-rank outliers and show that combining CoP with $K$ -Subspaces yields state-of-the-art clustering performance on canonical benchmark datasets.
Structure and correlates of interpersonal problems and sensitivities

Author(s): Hopwood, Christopher J; Good, Evan W | Abstract: ObjectiveInterpersonal dysfunction is an important marker of individual differences in personality and well-being. Existing research on interpersonal dysfunction focuses primarily on the problematic behaviors of individuals without considering how sensitivity to others' behavior impacts functioning. In this study, we test the structure and correlates of a model of relationship dysfunction that integrates the problems individuals bring to relationships with their sensitivities to others' behavior. We specifically examine the conjoint structure of interpersonal problems and sensitivities using a circumplex framework and associations between dimensions derived from this structure and personality, well-being, attachment, and response style variables.MethodWe evaluated competing measurement models and examined validity correlations of interpersonal problems and sensitivities in two samples (Study 1: N = 955; 79.2% women; Mage = 19.43; Study 2: N = 1,005; 72.1% women; Mage = 19.77).ResultsSix factors capturing general (nonspecific problems and sensitivities) and stylistic (warmth and dominance for both problems and sensitivities) variation in interpersonal dysfunction were empirically distinguishable and provided incremental information about external criteria.ConclusionsResults support problems and sensitivities as overlapping but distinct sources of information about interpersonal dysfunction, and they specifically suggest an integrative six-factor model with considerable potential for future research.
Recent advances in thermophysical properties—measurements, prediction, and importance

Measurement and prediction of density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity are critical to heat transfer calculations in foods. In this review, we outline the significant changes in the area of predictive modeling of thermophysical properties over the last two decades. There has been a rise in the number of researchers applying sophisticated artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and so on to study the non-linear dependency of thermophysical properties on temperature, pressure, and formulation. The refinement and validation of predictive models rely on accurate measurements of thermophysical properties. New developments in instrumentation such as three-dimensional imaging and modifications to calorimetric or line heat source methods have encouraged researchers to employ cutting-edge technology for density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity measurements. Though advancements have been made in adopting new scientific principles, finding the best approach for measuring each property using superior instrumentation and advanced data analysis software is a work in progress.
Isolation branching: a branch and bound algorithm for the k-terminal cut problem

In the k-terminal cut problem, we are given a graph with edge weights and k distinct vertices called “terminals.” The goal is to remove a minimum weight collection of edges from the graph such that there is no path between any pair of terminals. The k-terminal cut problem is NP-hard.
Dual-Energy SPECT Imaging with Contrast-Enhanced CT: A Case Study

Preclinical molecular imaging is an invaluable tool to support the discovery and development of clinically relevant imaging and therapeutic reagents. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and X-ray computed tomography (CT) are commonly used in clinical nuclear medicine, and these imaging platforms can be utilized in the preclinical setting for discovery, validation, and comparative effectiveness evaluation of novel radiolabeled diagnostic imaging agents. Herein, we discuss these techniques and how we have utilized them to enhance experimental design when evaluating novel radiotracers in vivo. In particular, we focus on the utility of dual-energy SPECT with contrast-enhanced CT and demonstrate how these can be used as exceptional tools for quantitatively and effectively comparing two diagnostic imaging agents.
Relationship Between Soybean Maturity Group and the Phenology and Abundance of Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): Impact on Yield and Quality

Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, varieties in maturity groups IV–VIII were sampled weekly for stink bugs from mid-June to mid-October in 1993 and 1994. Plots were either treated with tralomethrin...
Case 1: Severe Jaundice in a 2-day-old Term Neonate

A 2-day-old, 2.68-kg term male neonate is brought to the emergency department with lethargy, poor feeding, and significant generalized jaundice. He was born via spontaneous vaginal delivery at home to a gravida 4, para 3 Amish woman under the supervision of a midwife, at an estimated gestational age of 39 weeks after an uncomplicated pregnancy with scant prenatal care. Jaundice was noticed 7 hours after birth. The neonate has only breastfed 5 to 6 times since birth, and passed a normal-colored stool at home. Prenatal laboratory findings are unavailable because of limited prenatal care. The mother’s blood type is AB, Rh negative. The mother’s obstetric history includes a previous miscarriage (4 years earlier), a previous stillbirth at 30 weeks’ gestation (3 years earlier), and a term pregnancy (2 years earlier). She had received Rho(D) immune globulin 3 weeks after the miscarriage, 2 weeks after the stillbirth delivery, and 2 weeks after the most recent pregnancy. The mother, father, and 2-year-old brother are reportedly healthy. Review of systems at admission is significant for decreased activity, poor feeding, and generalized, intense yellow discoloration of the skin. The infant has no fever, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, bloody stools, seizures, or hypertonia. Physical examination reveals a weak cry, lethargy, scleral icterus, soft liver edge 3 cm below the right costal margin, and significant generalized jaundice of the entire body. No dysmorphic features are appreciated. Initial evaluation revealed a total serum bilirubin (TB) of 49.4 mg/dL (845 μmol/L), conjugated bilirubin of 42 mg/dL (718 μmol/L), unconjugated bilirubin of 10.7 mg/dL (183 μmol/L), reticulocyte count greater than 23, and hemoglobin of 12.6 g/dL (126 g/L). Urinalysis demonstrated dark brown urine. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was elevated at 239 U/L (4 μkat/L), serum alanine …
Transradial intraoperative cerebral angiography: a multicenter case series and technical report

Background Use of the radial artery as an access site for neurointerventional procedures is gaining popularity after several studies in interventional cardiology have demonstrated superior patient safety, decreased length of stay, and patient preference compared with femoral artery access. The transradial approach has yet to be characterized for intraoperative cerebral angiography. Objective To report a multicenter experience on the use of radial artery access in intraoperative cerebral angiography, including case series and discussion of technical nuances. Methods 27 patients underwent attempted transradial cerebral angiography between May 2017 and May 2019. Data were collected regarding technique, patient positioning, vessels selected, technical success rate, and access site complications. Results 24 of the 27 patients (88.8%) underwent successful transradial intraoperative cerebral angiography. 18 patients (66.7%) were positioned supine, 6 patients (22.2%) were positioned prone, 1 patient (3.7%) was positioned lateral, and 2 patients (7.4%) were positioned three-quarters prone. A total of 31 vessels were selected including 13 right carotid arteries (8 common, 1 external, 4 internal), 11 left carotid arteries (9 common and 2 internal), and 6 vertebral arteries (5 right and 1 left). Two patients (7.4%) required conversion to femoral access in order to complete the intraoperative angiogram (1 due to arterial vasospasm and 1 due to inadvertent venous catheterization). One procedure (3.7%) was aborted because of inability to obtain the appropriate fluoroscopic views due to patient positioning. No patient experienced stroke, arterial dissection, or access site complication. Conclusions Transradial intraoperative cerebral angiography is safe and feasible with potential for improved operating room workflow ergonomics, faster patient mobility in the postoperative period, and reduced costs.
Ruling Parties in Authoritarian Regimes: Rethinking Institutional Strength

A key finding in the literature on authoritarian regimes is that leaders frequently rely on ruling parties to stay in power, but the field lacks systematic ways to measure autocratic party strength. As a result, it is not clear how often ruling parties are actually strong and capable of carrying out important functions. This article demonstrates that strong ruling parties are much rarer than is typically assumed. Using a global sample of dictatorships from 1946–2008, the author shows that most ruling parties are unable to survive the death or departure of the founding leader. This is true even of many ruling parties that have been coded as leading single-party regimes. While strong parties may be key to durable authoritarianism, relatively few parties are truly strong.
Am I the Curriculum

When we consider disability and the curriculum, we usually mean preparing professionals to work with people with disabilities or including students with disabilities. Here, I provide a personal des...
Management of sterile abdominal pseudocysts related to ventriculoperitoneal shunts

Objective There are many known complications associated with CSF shunts. One of the more rare ones is a sterile abdominal pseudocyst due to decreased peritoneal absorption. This study was undertaken to detail the presentation, evaluation, and management of this unusual shunt-related event. Methods Patients presenting with ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS)-related sterile abdominal pseudocysts treated at two institutions between 2013 and 2018 were included. Patients who had undergone abdominal surgery or shunt revisions within a 12-month period preceding presentation were excluded. Information was collected regarding clinical characteristics; hospital course, including surgical intervention(s); and any subsequent complications. Special attention was given to the eventual surgery after pseudocyst resolution, including the use of laparoscopy for peritoneal catheter placement, distal shunt conversion (i.e., in the atrium or pleural cavity), endoscopic third ventriculostomy, or shunt removal. The timing and nature of any subsequent shunt failures were also noted. Results Twenty-eight patients met the study criteria, with a mean age of 10 years. The most common etiology of hydrocephalus was intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity. All shunts were externalized at presentation. One shunt was removed without subsequent internalization. Distal catheters were re-internalized back into the peritoneal cavity in 11 patients (laparoscopy was used in 8 cases). Fourteen shunts were converted to a ventriculoatrial shunt (VAS), and two to a ventriculopleural (VPlS). Two VPSs failed due to a recurrent pseudocyst. The total all-cause failure rates at 1 year were as follows: 18% for VPSs and 50% for VASs. Conclusions Following treatment of a VPS-related sterile abdominal pseudocyst, laparoscopy-assisted placement of the distal catheter in the peritoneum is a viable and safe option for select patients, compared to a VAS or VPlS.
Changes in Disease Activity and Damage Over Time in Patients With Morphea

Importance Prospective studies of the disease course in patients with morphea are lacking, particularly those comparing adults and children. Objective To investigate the disease course in patients with morphea treated with standard-of-care therapy using validated clinical outcome measures. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort study of 130 adults and children from the Morphea in Adults and Children cohort with at least 2 years of clinical follow-up and Localized Scleroderma Cutaneous Assessment Tool scores recorded at each study visit. Study patients were seen at a tertiary referral center (UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas) from November 1, 2008, through April 1, 2016. The dates of analysis were May 2016 through July 2019. Exposures All patients received standard-of-care therapy. Main Outcomes and Measures Patterns in disease activity and recurrence were examined. The time to recurrence of morphea disease activity from the first visit with inactive disease was assessed using survival analysis with the log-rank test to compare differences between morphea subtypes. Results In total, 130 adults and children (663 study visits) were included in this study. The mean (SD) age of patients was 34.4 (23.8) years, and 101 of 130 (78%) were female. The mean (SD) follow-up was 4.3 (1.7) years. Fifty patients had at least 5 years of follow-up. Most patients were white individuals (96 of 130 [74%]) and had linear subtype (72 of 130 [55%]) or generalized subtype (40 of 130 [31%]). Overall, 13 of 30 (43%) with generalized subtype had recurrence of disease activity compared with 14 of 66 (21%) with linear subtype (hazard ratio, 3.28; 95% CI, 1.38-7.79). The median (interquartile range) time to first recurrence of disease activity after initial resolution of disease activity was 1.1 (0.8-1.9) years for generalized subtype and 2.3 (1.0-3.3) years for linear subtype. Of the 50 patients followed up for at least 5 years, 18 (36%) had recurrence of disease activity. Conclusions and Relevance Disease activity appeared to improve in most patients with morphea over 6 to 12 months using previously published treatment plans, underscoring their effectiveness. Sclerosis improved more slowly (over 2-5 years), often after discontinuation of treatment, but atrophy increased slightly as sclerosis subsided. Standard-of-care therapy appears to improve disease activity, which allows sclerosis to improve, and provides relative stability of other features of disease damage. A substantial number of patients, particularly those with generalized subtype, have a relapsing-remitting course over many years. Patients with morphea should be monitored for recurrent disease activity over extended periods.
Energy impact of human health and wellness lighting recommendations for office and classroom applications

Abstract The goal of this investigation was to evaluate potential energy impacts of circadian lighting design recommendations that are gaining attention in a variety of common applications such as offices and classrooms. The renewed focus on health along with advances in solid-state lighting technology capabilities has underscored that there is still much to learn regarding the relationship between light and human physiology. The energy implications of designing to address these possible physiological effects are not yet fully understood. Beyond the fact that the basic metric of luminous efficacy (lumens per watt) does not cover these other effects, the emerging science seems to indicate that addressing a holistic view of the human needs in most applications may mean a need for increased light and associated energy use by electric lighting systems. Two applications, an open office and a classroom, were simulated and lumen output, spectral characteristics, surface reflectance distribution, and desk orientation were varied to explore the magnitude of potential effects. Meeting current Illuminating Engineering Society (IES) illuminance recommendations did not satisfy existing equivalent melanopic lux and circadian stimulus recommendations for any of the office and classroom simulations. In some cases, satisfying circadian metric recommendations required an average illuminance that was more than double the IES recommendations, which may negatively impact lighting quality. Using results from 45 unique simulation conditions, it was estimated that lighting energy use may increase between 10% and 100% because of increased luminaire light levels used to meet circadian lighting design recommendations listed in current building standards such as WELL v2 Q2 2019, UL Design Guideline 24480, and CHPS Core Criteria 3.0.
Financial and employment toxicity related to breast reconstruction following mastectomy in a diverse population-based cohort.

78Background: Despite mandated private insurance coverage for breast reconstruction following mastectomy, health care costs are increasingly passed onto women who seek these procedures through cost...
Verifying Industrial Robotic Applications Using Simulation Software

Robotics and automation play a vital role in industries all around the world. Recent technological advancements have allowed robots to excel in industrial automation and they can now be used to improve quality, increase product output, and produce more accurate products than ever before. According to the International Federation of Robotics (IFR), “2018 brought a world record for investment in industrial robots worth about 16.5 billion. A total of around 422,000 robots were installed, representing an increase of 6% over the previous year [1].” Since 2006, there has been a steady growth in the number of robots operating in the world and the annual worldwide shipment of industrial robots is expected to continue growing at least until 2021 [1].
The Classification and Nomenclature of Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) encompasses a very large number of defects. For each defect, there may be broad anatomic/morphological variations across a spectrum, giving the possibility of describing the same malformation in many ways. From a functional standpoint, similar morphological defects may present with different physiologies depending on severity, location, or interaction with other concomitant malformations, so that any given defect may functionally behave in multiple different ways. Nomenclature and classification strive to find a common language to describe the defects in a comprehensive fashion, spoken and heard by all specialists caring for patients with congenital heart disease, so that any given lesion, simple or in combination with others, may be properly visualized, conceptualized, and thoroughly understood in the same clear way, in order to provide the best possible care in an efficient and streamlined manner. The International Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project has succeeded in incorporating the extant Van Praaghian and Andersonian segmental and sequential approaches in a comprehensive fashion, allowing all caregivers for patients with CHD to communicate using the same language.
Designer condensates: a toolkit for the biomolecular architect.

Protein phase separation has emerged as a novel paradigm to explain the biogenesis of membraneless organelles and other so-called biomolecular condensates. While the implication of this physical phenomenon within cell biology is providing us with novel ways for understanding how cells compartmentalize biochemical reactions and encode function in such liquid-like assemblies, the newfound appreciation of this process also provides immense opportunities for designing and sculpting biological matter. Here, we propose that understanding the cell's instruction manual of phase separation will enable bioengineers to begin creating novel functionalized biological materials and unprecedented tools for synthetic biology. We present FASE as the synthesis of the existing sticker-spacer framework, which explains the physical driving forces underlying phase separation, with quintessential principles of Scandinavian design. FASE serves both as a designer condensates catalogue and construction manual for the aspiring (membraneless) biomolecular architect. Our approach aims to inspire a new generation of bioengineers to rethink phase separation as an opportunity for creating reactive biomaterials with unconventional properties and to encode novel biological function in living systems. Although still in its infancy, several studies highlight how designer condensates have immediate and widespread potential applications in industry and medicine.
Expression of insulinoma-associated protein 1 in non–small cell lung cancers: a diagnostic pitfall for neuroendocrine tumors

Summary Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) has been reported as a highly sensitive and specific marker of neuroendocrine tumors. INSM1 expression has also been reported, although uncommonly, in non-neuroendocrine tumors. This study aimed to elucidate potential nonspecific INSM1 expression in non–small cell non-neuroendocrine lung cancers (NSCNELCs), especially in squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs) with basaloid features to avoid diagnostic pitfalls. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed for 324 NSCNELCs, including 196 adenocarcinomas (AdCs), 86 SqCCs, and 42 other NSCNELCs. In addition, 38 whole-tissue sections of SqCCs with basaloid features were examined. INSM1 immunostain was semiquantitively evaluated based on the percentage of nuclear staining in tumor cells, categorized as negative, focal ( 10% tumor cells). Among 324 TMAs, 6.2% (20/324) were positive for INSM1, 4.9% (16/324) were focal, and 88.9% (289/34) were negative. Of 196 AdCs, 5.1% (10/196) were positive for INSM1, 4.7% (9/196) were focal, and 90.3% (177/196) were negative. Of 86 SqCCs, 9.3% (8/86) were positive for INSM1, 5.8% (5/86) were focal, and 84.9% (73/86) were negative. Of the remaining 42 NSCNELCs, 4.8% (2/42) were positive for INSM1, 4.8% (2/42) were focal, and 90.4% (38/44) were negative. Among 38 cases of whole-tissue sections of SqCCs with basaloid features, 15.8% (6/38) were positive for INSM1, 18.4% (7/38) were focal, and 65.8% (25/38) were negative. Our study demonstrates that INSM1 is expressed in a significant subset of NSCNELCs, suggesting caution in interpreting INSM1 staining, especially with limited samples. INSM1 should not be used as a stand-alone neuroendocrine marker in differentiating primary lung tumors.
Outcomes of Next-Day Versus Non-next-Day Colonoscopy After an Initial Inadequate Bowel Preparation.

Inadequate bowel preparation is the most common cause of failed colonoscopy, and repeat failure occurs in more than 20 % of follow-up attempts. Limited data suggest that next-day follow-up may reduce the risk for repeat inadequate preparation. Evaluate differences in prep quality with next-day follow-up after initial inadequate preparation. Retrospective study. Academic center. Outpatient screening and surveillance colonoscopies between 7/2002 and 6/2007. Comparison of next-day versus any other day (“non-next-day”) repeat colonoscopy outcomes. Aronchick scale, polyp and adenoma detection rates. Of 20,798 initial colonoscopies, 857 (4.1 %) had inadequate preparation. 460 (54 %) were lost to follow-up. One hundred and fourteen (13 %) had next-day and 283 (33 %) had non-next-day colonoscopy with mean follow-up of 8.8 months. On follow-up examination, 29.8 % of next-day and 23.3 % of non-next-day colonoscopies had inadequate bowel preparation (p = 0.48). The adenoma detection rate for the next-day group improved from 3.5 to 38.6 % on follow-up, compared to 20.5 and 36.8 % in the non-next-day group. There was no significant difference between groups in detection of total adenoma (p = 0.73) or advanced adenomas (p = 0.20) on follow-up examinations. Retrospective design, differences in baseline colonoscopy characteristics. The results confirm the need for repeat examination after a colonoscopy with inadequate bowel prep, as there was substantial increase in adenoma detection on follow-up. There were no differences in outcomes between next-day versus non-next-day colonoscopy. These data support repeating after inadequate colonoscopy within 1 year as convenient for patient and physician.