cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organo-crystalline interactions in evaporite systems; the effects of crystallization inhibition

ABSTRACT Supersaturated conditions in oceanic and other sedimentary environments, and the crystal morphologies of sedimentary minerals support the occurrence in nature of widespread and powerful crystallization inhibition by extremely small, substoichiometric concentrations (< 1 mg/l) of soluble organic substances. The most powerful inhibitor molecules appear to be polycarboxylic acids, polyphenols, polyphosphates, organic phosphate esters, and hydrolyzed proteins. Organic crystallization inhibition, also referred to as organic adsorption poisoning and threshold inhibition, occurs by a process that is fundamentally different from that of stoichiometric organic complexation. During chemical sedimentation in evaporite and other sedimentary environments, organic inhibition can affect crystallization processes in several distinct but related modes. Highly supersaturated solutions can be stabilized over long intervals, so that eventual destabilization may result in mineral precipitation at unexpected locations. If inhibition is overpowered by excess supersaturation or by partial destruction of inhibitor molecules, the precipitating phase also may be affected. Mineral phase kinetics can be altered so that unexpected mineral species precipitate, and habit modifications, twinning, and intergrowth of precipitates may be induced.
Holograph Manuscript of 'Thou Vast Rondure' Comes to Light on Long Island

Describes the publication history of "Thou Vast Rondure Swimming in Space," including its eventual rejection by John Morley (editor of Fortnightly Review) and James T. Fields (editor of Atlantic Monthly) and presents a transcription of Whitman's manuscript of the poem.
Magnetic structure of UPt

Abstract We have determined the magnetic structure of the 30 K ferromagnet UPt using neutron powder diffraction. The ferromagnetic structure consists of alternating layers of magnetic and non-magnetic uranium atoms on which is superimposed a non-colinear antiferromagnetic structure which itself reorders at 20 K. The ferromagnetic moments are aligned in the crystallographic b direction and agreement with experimental magnetization data is good. The complexity of the magnetic structure implies that delocalization of the uranium moments is not required to explain the loss of magnetism at high pressure.
Atomic pair substitution in BN–C and GaP–Si solid solutions crystals studied by x-ray diffraction

Abstract This letter reports about crystal structure, lattice relaxation, synthesis, and phase stability of BN–C and GaP–Si solid solution crystals. The hypothesis of atomic pair substitution is discussed and x-ray diffraction (XRD) proof is provided for the replacement of A III B V atomic pairs with C IV pairs. Cubic BN–diamond solid solutions underwent lattice relaxation after phase transformation leading to atomic displacement disorder.
Use of hydrogen cyanamide for apple and plum thinning

Effects of various concentrations of Dormex (a.i. 49% hydrogen cyanamide) on fruit thinning of ‘Rome Beauty’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.), ‘Friar’ and ‘Simka’ plums (Prunus salicina Lindley) were studied. A full bloom application of Dormex at all tested concentrations decreased ‘Rome Beauty’ apple fruit set and yield, and increased fruit weight. Dormex at 0.25% (v/v) resulted in adequate apple thinning, indicated by production of an optimum fruit weight (320 g). Prebloom and full bloom applications of Dormex at greater than 0.75% reduced plum fruit set and yield in ‘Friar’. Full bloom application of Dormex at 0.50% showed a satisfactory fruit set, yield, and fruit weight in ‘Friar’ plum. Prebloom Dormex application had no significant effect on `Simka' plum fruit set or yield, but full bloom application decreased fruit set and yield.
Institutional Policies on Assessment of Pedagogy and Faculty Classroom Practices: Evidence from 4-Year Colleges and Universities in the United States

This study used a multi-theoretical approach to examine the associations between institutional policies on the assessment of faculty pedagogy and faculty’s use of learner-centred assessment (LCA) practices in their undergraduate classrooms in the United States. We found strong evidence that it was not the number of methods but the types of methods used by institutions to evaluate teaching that were significantly associated with the extent to which faculty use LCA practices in their undergraduate courses. Our results returned conflicting patterns: Assessments that were conducted top-down — those by deans and department heads — were associated with a reduced rate of LCA use in classrooms, whereas assessments that relied on data from students, peers, or faculty themselves were associated with a greater rate of LCA use. Yet, most student-centric methods to evaluate teaching, including the popular use of student evaluations of teaching, were unrelated to the incorporation of effective pedagogy. The pattern of results did not vary significantly across different types of higher education institutions.
Social Values, Religiosity, and Marital Context

inJluenced by a gTOUp. InteTactional effects of religiosity and marital context upon Catholics' soaal values such as social justice (welfaTe expendituTes), racial relations (blackSwhite relations), sexual perrnissiveness (attitudes toward premarital, extramantal, and hamosexual res), aon (al anul physical), and s toleTance (os' printed mat) are exzrnwwd. Findings based on a Catholic sample frorn the NORC GeneTal Social Sarveys cortirm previous studies, i.e., that there is no difference between Cathotics rrwrid to Caiolics snd Cathotia marned to non-Catholics Tegarding the relabonship between Teligsosity zrnd iEiT social V.
King ego and the double-sex dancer

The god representative of the energy of life in ancient Greece was Dionysos. As such, he was bisexual, for life in its wholeness contains all the individual forms it generates. The emphasis upon androgyny and sexual fusion in his cult results from man's effort to realize the wholeness of that life of which he is merely a fragment. The achievement of that fullness, life's experience of itself, is ecstasy; suffering, on the other hand, is fundamentally life's alienation from itself. In the myths and rituals of Dionysos we witness the dialectic of affirmation and denial of the life force.
Electronic information media and records management methods : a survey of practices in UN organizations

Abstract The rapid and widespread diffusion of electronic information and communication media has presented significant challenges for archives and records management in UN organizations. Traditional practices devised primarily to handle paper‐based record material are not readily extended to these new media. The Advisory Committee for the Coordination of Information Systems (ACCIS) identified the need for UN organizations to develop policies and procedures directly applicable to record material in electronic form. Developing such policies and procedures requires an understanding of the kinds of practices emerging within UN organizations as the use of electronic information and communication technologies grows. The survey reported here was undertaken to supply that understanding. The survey addresses four main content areas related to problems of records management in an electronic information environment: (1) the roles of three electronic media—telex, facsimile, and electronic mail—in organizational info...
Fluctuations in Trout Populations and Their Implications for Land-Use Evaluation

Abstract We describe the magnitude of fluctuations in trout populations in several widely separated streams in the intermountain region of the western United States, and consider the potential effect of such fluctuations on land-management planning. Trout populations included native and exotic species, self-reproducing and hatchery-maintained populations, and assemblages that ranged from monospecific to diverse. Annual fluctuations in population statistics were generally large, and some fluctuations were related to geographic setting and trout species. For individual species, fluctuations in all statistics were typically less in the Rocky Mountain study areas than in the Great Basin, but, for the total salmonid community, the situation was reversed. Numerical population fluctuations frequently did not parallel fluctuations in biomass. Except in cases of irregular occurrence, populations of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, particularly those in Rocky Mountain study areas, were numerically the most stable...
Outflows from Massive Young Stellar Objects as Seen with the Infrared Array Camera

The bipolar outflow from the massive star-forming cluster in DR 21 is one of the most powerful known, and in IRAC images the outflow stands out by virtue of its brightness at 4.5 ?m (band 2). Indeed, IRAC images of many Galactic and extragalactic star formation regions feature prominent band 2 morphologies. We have analyzed archival ISO SWS spectra of the DR 21 outflow and compare them to updated H2 shocked and UV excitation models. We find that H2 line emission contributes about 50% of the flux of the IRAC bands at 3.6, 4.5, and 5.8 ?m, and is a significant contributor to the 8.0 ?m band as well, and confirm that the outflow contains multiple excitation mechanisms. Other potentially strong features, in particular Br? and CO emission, have been suggested as contributing to IRAC fluxes in outflows, but they are weak or absent in DR 21; surprisingly, there also is no evidence for strong PAH emission. The results imply that IRAC images can be a powerful detector of, and diagnostic for, outflows caused by massive star formation activity in our Galaxy, and in other galaxies as well. They also suggest that IRAC color-color diagnostic diagrams may need to take into account the possible influence of these strong emission lines. IRAC images of the general ISM in the region, away from the outflow, are in approximate, but not precise, agreement with theoretical models.
Gas-phase Raman spectra of hot bands of fundamentals and combinations associated with the torsional vibration of s-trans-1,3-butadiene and its deuterated isotopologues

Abstract The gas-phase Raman spectra of 1,3-butadiene and its 2,3-d 2 , 1,1,4,4-d 4 , and d 6 isotopologues have been recorded with high sensitivity and resolution of 0.7 cm −1 . Hot band series of fundamentals and combinations involving the ν 13 torsional vibration of the s-trans rotamer have been observed for each of the isotopologues. Modes studied were ν 10 (C H wag), ν 12 (CH 2 twist), ν 10 + ν 12 , ν 15 (CH 2 wag) + ν 16 (CH 2 twist), and ν 23 (CH 2 rock) + ν 24 (C C C deformation). The spacings of the quantum states of the torsional contribution were found to decrease with additional excitation of this mode ( ν 13 ) in the upper vibrational states except for the ν 23 + ν 24 combination state.
Pairs of Latin squares that produce digram-balanced Greco-Latin designs: A BASIC program

It is possible to create pairs of Latin squares that are digram balanced (in other words, that counterbalance immediate sequential effects) in a Greco-Latin design. A behavioral researcher can use these squares to design an efficient, well-balanced study without relying on chance. Researchers can apply these squares to any experiment in which they must pair conditions with different stimuli in a within-subject design. For experiments with a large number of conditions, however, the procedure is very time-consuming if done manually. A BASIC program is described that generates the correct pairs of squares for experiments with as many as 80 conditions.
In search of the unknown

Abstract Beginning with the assumption that private liberal arts colleges price their product at less than the market-clearing price, an attempt is made to estimate the unobserved hypothetical demand. The estimated excess demands are then related to other more often used measures of demand.
Eco-driving: An overlooked climate change initiative

Abstract The actions individuals can take to mitigate climate change are, in the aggregate, significant. Mobilizing individuals to respond personally to climate change, therefore, must be a complementary approach to a nation's climate change strategy. One action item overlooked in the United States has been changing driver behavior or style such that eco-driving becomes the norm rather than the exception. Evidence to date indicates that eco-driving can reduce fuel consumption by 10%, on average and over time, thereby reducing CO 2 emissions from driving by an equivalent percentage. A sophisticated, multi-dimensional campaign, going well beyond what has been attempted thus far, will be required to achieve such savings on a large scale, however, involving education (especially involving the use of feedback devices), regulation, fiscal incentives, and social norm reinforcement.
A pilot study of mifepristone and misoprostol administered at the same time for abortion in women with gestation from 50 to 63 days.

Abstract Introduction In the interest of decreasing the amount of time it takes to achieve a medical abortion, we performed a pilot study to evaluate the simultaneous administration of mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol for women with gestation from 50 to 63 days. Materials and methods Forty women were enrolled with undesired pregnancies from 50 to 56 days' gestation (group 1) and 40 from 57 to 63 days' gestation (group 2). All women used misoprostol 800 μg vaginally immediately after having swallowed the 200 mg mifepristone tablet. Follow-up evaluations with transvaginal ultrasonography occurred at 24 h and 2 weeks after treatment. Results The 24-h expulsion rates were 88% (95% CI, 77–98) and 83% (95% CI, 7–94) in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The complete abortion rates at 2 weeks were 93% (95% CI, 84–100) and 90% (95% CI, 81–99), respectively. Discussion Simultaneous administration of oral mifepristone and vaginal misoprostol provides 24-h expulsion rates in women with gestation from 50 to 63 days, comparable to those reported in the medical literature for standard treatment regimens. Further study of this regimen in a large randomized trial is warranted.
Enteric coated microspheres as an oral method for antigen delivery to salmonids

A comparative study was conducted to determine the immunisation efficacy of enteric coated antigen microspheres (ECAMs) versus intraperitoneal (i.p.) and immersion antigen delivery. Anal intubation of antigen served as a positive control by directly delivering the antigen to the hindgut. Naive juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch were exposed to three different concentrations of trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) or trinitrophenylated keyhole limpet haemocyanin (TNP-KLH) by the three routes, oral (ECAM), intraperitoneal, immersion or anal intubation. TNP-LPS or TNP-KLH were prepared for oral immunisation by coating onto 0·45 mm dextrose sugar beads followed by an application of Eurdragit LD-30 co-polymer. Serum was taken from immunised and non-immunised control fish fed diet containing nonantigen coated beads. The serum was assayed by ELISA at 4, 6 and 8 weeks post-immunisation to assess anti-TNP antibody titres. Statistical analysis of the serum showed that oral vaccination significantly increased anti-TNP titres at 4 and 6 weeks post-vaccination as compared with the controls (P<0·05). The anti-TNP titres after TNP-LPS i.p. immunisation were significantly higher than the controls (P<0·05) at 4, 6 and 8 weeks post immunisation, while the group that was immersed showed no significant difference from the control. There was no significant difference between TNP-LPS i.p. and ECAM immunisation methods. The TNP-KLH immunised ECAM group showed significantly elevated levels of anti-TNP antibodies compared with controls at 6 and 8 weeks, while the i.p. immunised group was significantly higher than the control throughout the 8-week period. The group immunised by anal intubation had significantly higher titres than controls at 6 and 8 weeks but not at 4 weeks.
Selective expression of PDGF A and its receptor during early mouse embryogenesis.

Abstract Murine homologs of the PDGF A, PDGF B, and PDGF receptor α subunit genes were cloned. These were used, together with a mouse PDGF receptor β subunit cDNA clone, to monitor gene expression in early postimplantation mouse embryos and in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. RNAse protection analysis shows that PDGF A chain, but not B chain, mRNA is expressed in 6.5- to 8.5-day embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. Both α and β receptor subunit mRNAs are expressed in early embryos, however, α subunit mRNA appears earlier and is more abundant than β subunit mRNA. Undifferentiated F9 embryonal carcinoma stem cells express abundant levels of A chain, but not B chain, mRNA. Neither of the PDGF receptor genes is expressed in stem cells. Treatment with retinoic acid stimulates expression of both PDGF receptor genes. As in postimplantation mouse embryos, α receptor subunit mRNA appears earlier and is substantially more abundant than β subunit mRNA. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the genes encoding the two chains of PDGF and their receptors are regulated independently during development and suggest that the two systems have some nonoverlapping functions in vivo. PDGF A, but not PDGF B, may be particularly important in modulating early events in mouse embryonic development.
Beta 2-agonist-elevated stress response in human bronchial epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro.

Recent studies report high baseline levels of stress (heat shock) proteins in bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic individuals. The promoter of the gene encoding the 72-kDa heat shock protein has an element responsive to cAMP, which may be affected by β-agonists. This study examined stress protein levels in subjects enrolled in a segmental lung allergen challenge study to determine whether β-agonist medication could contribute to a stress response. Subjects were divided on the basis of no premedication (n= 17), metered dose inhalations of albuterol (n= 24), or placebo inhalation (n= 3) prior to bronchoscopy. Levels of the inducible stress protein Hsp72 and constitutive Hsp73 were quantitated in bronchial epithelial cells from brush biopsy of allergic nonasthmatic, allergic asthmatic, and normal individuals. Mean levels were increased significantly (p < 0.003 and p < 0.004, respectively) in those subjects who received albuterol premedication. No significant differences were found between clinical groups of individuals or for placebo inhalation vs nonpremedication. Albuterol in vitro increased the levels of Hsp72 and Hsp73 in epithelial cells from either nonpremedicated or placebo-treated donors; the Hsp72 levels correlated linearly with increased albuterol concentration (r= 0.81, p < 0.01). Therefore, β-agonists elevate or prolong an elevated stress response in epithelial cells, possibly through cAMP-mediated effects.
Radio aurora explorer: A mission overview

The primary objective of the Radio Aurora Explorer mission is to study plasma instabilities that lead to magnetic field aligned irregularities of electron density in the lower polar ionosphere (80–...
Diffusivity of hydrogen in dilute alloys of copper and niobium in palladium

Abstract An electrochemical technique has been used to measure the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in palladium-copper and palladium-niobium alloys between 0 and 50°C. The range of concentration for the copper and niobium additions was 0–10 at.%. For all experiments the hydrogen content was kept below 0.1 at.% and it was found that the diffusivity of hydrogen is remarkably decreased by additions of niobium. This behavior is discussed within the framework of different trapping models. In agreement with these models no dependence of the diffusivity on hydrogen concentration was observed. Copper additions also decrease the hydrogen diffusivity in palladium, but the effect is less pronounced than niobium. A measurable change of the activation energy of diffusion was observed only for the niobium alloy with the highest niobium content of 6.5 at.%. The activation energy increased by abour 7 kJ/mol compared to pure palladium.
Contribution of the allelic mtz3 and Mtz4 allotype genes to the formation of individual rabbit serum alpha2 -macroglobulin molecules.

The contribution of the allelicMtz 3 andMtz 4 genes to the formation of individual rabbit serum α2-macroglobulin (α2M) molecules was examined by precipitation of α2M from rabbits of known genotype with antiallotype antisera. The α2M was isolated fromz 3z3 andz 4z4 homozygous andz 3z4 heterozygous rabbits, iodinated with I125 and precipitated by sequential reactions with antiallotype antiserum and goat anti-rabbit IgG. Purified unlabeled α2M or α2M in serum was used to inhibit competitively the reaction of antiallotype antiserum and labeled α2M. Nearly all α2M molecules have z3 or z4 antigenic determinants; approximately 50% of α2M molecules in heterozygotes have both. Altogether, the z3, z3,4, and z4 molecules in heterozygotes have approximately 60% of the number of z3 and 40% of the number of z4 determinants as compared to the respective homozygotes. Unlike all other known allelic blood protein systems of rabbits, allelic exclusion does not occur in α2M molecules of heterozygotes; rather, hybrid molecules are formed.
Radiologic diagnosis of wandering spleen complicated by splenic volvulus and infarction.

Wandering spleen is a rare condition caused by malattachment of the dorsal mesogastrium. This condition is prone to torsion of the splenic pedicle leading to splenomegaly, hypersplenism, and infarction. Preoperative diagnosis can be suggested radiologically. A case of wandering spleen is reported and its embryologic, clinical, and radiographie features are discussed.
Hamilton decompositions of cartesian products of graphs

Abstract Let G1 and G2 be graphs that are decomposable into Hamilton cycles. Bermond (1978), generalizing Kotzig (1973), has conjectured that G1 × G2 is decomposable into Hamilton cycles. We will show that this conclusion holds under mild additional assumptions. We will extend some of our results to multigraphs.
The serum 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentration, a marker of vitamin D catabolism, is reduced in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease is characterized, in part, as a state of decreased production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D); however, this paradigm overlooks the role of vitamin D catabolism. We developed a mass spectrometric assay to quantify serum concentration of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH) 2 D), the first metabolic product of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) by CYP24A1, and determined its clinical correlates and associated outcomes among 278 participants with chronic kidney disease in the Seattle Kidney Study. For eGFRs of 60 or more, 45–59, 30–44, 15–29, and under 15ml/min per 1.73m 2 , the mean serum 24,25(OH) 2 D concentrations significantly trended lower from 3.6, 3.2, 2.6, 2.6, to 1.7ng/ml, respectively. Non-Hispanic black race, diabetes, albuminuria, and lower serum bicarbonate were also independently and significantly associated with lower 24,25(OH) 2 D concentrations. The 24,25(OH) 2 D concentration was more strongly correlated with that of parathyroid hormone than was 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH) 2 D. A 24,25(OH) 2 D concentration below the median was associated with increased risk of mortality in unadjusted analysis, but this was attenuated with adjustment for potential confounding variables. Thus, chronic kidney disease is a state of stagnant vitamin D metabolism characterized by decreases in both 1,25(OH) 2 D production and vitamin D catabolism.
Nuclear data sheets for A=64

Nuclear structure data available through March 15, 1979, are evaluated, and adopted level and gamma properties are given. The bulk of the data is presented pictorially for easy comparison. Experimental details, references, comments, and additional data are given in the text. All drawings, tables, and comments are reproduced from the computerized Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF). Any additions or corrections desired by the users should be addressed to the evaluators for maintenance and updating of the computer file.
Biliary response to glucagon and insulin following hepatic transplantation in humans.

Abstract Glucagon and insulin are postulated to be physiologic regulators of hepatic biliary secretion. Effects of these hormones were studied following orthotopic transplantation. Five adult hepatic graft recipients had triple lumen t-tubes placed at the time of surgery and were studied 3 months after surgery. Experiments were performed after cholangiographic confirmation of t-tube placement and function. After overnight fast, t-tubes were inflated and bile was collected. A small quantity was saved for analysis and the remainder was reinfused to maintain enterohepatic circulation. After 1 hr of observation, the patients received a 2-hr infusion of insulin (0.125 U kg −1 hr −1 ), glucagon (2 μg kg −1 hr −1 ), or 0.9% saline. During saline infusions, all parameters remained stable. As has been previously demonstrated in the canine model and intact patients, bile salt outputs were constant under all experimental conditions. Glucagon stimulated bile secretion by 30% (6.7 ± 1.5 to 8.7 ± 1.2 ml/15 min) and inhibited biliary cholesterol output by 47% (16.4 ± 3.2 to 8.7 ± 1.5 mg/15 min). Bile flow and lipid secretion were not affected by insulin. Glucagon had profound effects on bile flow and lipid secretion, suggesting effects independent of innervation, while insulin at this dose had no statistically significant effects.
Prognostic Factors Affecting Visual Outcome in Acanthamoeba Keratitis

Objective To identify clinical and demographic factors associated with a worse visual outcome in Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). Design Retrospective, case control study. Participants A total of 72 eyes of 65 patients with AK who were diagnosed at the University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary between May of 2003 and May of 2007 with treatment complete by October of 2007. The first affected eye was analyzed in bilateral disease. Methods Patient demographic, clinical characteristics, treatment methods, and final visual outcome data were collected through medical record reviews for all patients diagnosed with AK. Cases were defined as patients with AK with a visual outcome worse than 20/25 or those requiring penetrating keratoplasty (PKP). Controls were defined as patients with AK with a visual outcome of 20/25 or better. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) identifying prognostic factors associated with a worse visual outcome. Main Outcome Measures Final visual outcome worse than 20/25. Results AK was confirmed through microbiologic evidence in 48 of 65 eyes (73.8%) or with confocal microscopy in 62 of 65 eyes (95.4%). Final visual acuity data were available in 61 of 65 eyes (93.8%); of these 61 eyes, 40 (65.6%) achieved a final visual acuity of 20/25 or better. In multivariable analysis, deep stromal involvement or the presence of a ring infiltrate at presentation was independently associated with worse visual outcomes (OR, 10.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.91–36.17). Symptom duration before diagnosis was statistically predictive of disease stage at presentation (OR, 4.43; 95% CI, 0.99–19.83; multivariable analysis) but not final visual outcome (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 0.83–7.88; univariate analysis). PKP was performed in 11 of 12 eyes with active disease. Conclusions Corneal disease staging at presentation with slit-lamp examination was highly predictive of worse outcomes, allowing the identification of patients who might benefit from more aggressive medical or surgical intervention. Unlike in previous reports, patient-reported duration of symptoms before treatment was not reliable in predicting the final visual result in our series. Financial Disclosure(s) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Estimating Transmissivity From the Water Level Fluctuations of a Sinusoidally Forced Well

The water levels in wells are known to fluctuate in response to earth tides and changes in atmospheric pressure. These water level fluctuations can be analyzed to estimate transmissivity (T). A new method to estimate transmissivity, which assumes that the atmospheric pressure varies in a sinusoidal fashion, is presented. Data analysis for this simplified method involves using a set of type curves and estimating the ratio of the amplitudes of the well response over the atmospheric pressure. Type curves for this new method were generated based on a model for ground water flow between the well and aquifer developed by Cooper et al. (1965). Data analysis with this method confirmed these published results: (1) the amplitude ratio is a function of transmissivity, the well radius, and the frequency of the sinusoidal oscillation; and (2) the amplitude ratio is a weak function of storativity. Compared to other methods, the developed method involves simpler, more intuitive data analysis and allows shorter data sets to be analyzed. The effect of noise on estimating the amplitude ratio was evaluated and found to be more significant at lower T. For aquifers with low T, noise was shown to mask the water level fluctuations induced by atmospheric pressure changes. In addition, reducing the length of the data series did not affect the estimate of T, but the variance of the estimate was higher for the shorter series of noisy data.
Overview of the veterans health administration (VHA) quality enhancement research initiative (QUERI)

The U.S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA)'s Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI) is an innovative integration of health services research, policy, and clinical care delivery designed to improve the quality, outcomes, and efficiency of VHA health care through the identification and implementation of evidence-based practices in routine care settings. A total of eight condition-specific QUERI centers are currently in operation, each pursuing an integrated portfolio of activities designed to identify and correct gaps in clinical quality and performance and to derive generalizable scientific knowledge regarding quality improvement processes and methods and their effectiveness. This overview article describes QUERI's mission, history, structure, and activities and provides a brief summary of key findings and impacts.
Design and control of a robotic lower extremity exoskeleton for gait rehabilitation

Design and control of an active knee rehabilitation orthotic system called ANdROS that was designed as a wearable and portable gait rehabilitation tool is presented. A corrective force field that reinforces a desired gait pattern is applied to the patient's impaired leg around the knee joint via an impedance controlled exoskeleton. The impedance controller is synchronized with the patient's walking phase which is estimated from the kinematic measurements of the healthy leg. The performance of the controller is evaluated through bench-testing.
On free vibration of thin, cylindrical shells with large circumferential wavenumber: Rayleigh's solution

The method of matched asymptotic expansions is used to obtain the natural frequencies and mode shapes for thin (ha → 0) cylindrical shells corresponding to large circumferential wavenumbers n, where n = O((ah)12). The deformation is nearly inextensional: the frequency results are similar to Rayleigh's result and are independent of end fixity through O(1n2) compared to unity.
A Newton-Lanczos method for solution of non-linear finite element equations

Abstract Procedures for the solution of nonlinear algebraic, discrete equations arising from the application of the finite element method to initial-boundary value problems in structural mechanics are described and evaluated. Properties of Newton's method, modified Newton method and quasi-Newton including asymptotic cost estimates and local convergence characteristics, are discussed. The use of Lanczos algorithm to solve the linearized set of equations arising at each iterate of Newton's method, is investigated. The result is a technique whereby the rate of convergence can be varied from superlinear to quadratic by controlling a certain tolerance. The above methods are compared on several quite different nonlinear problems in structural mechanics and the results are encouraging.
Recovery of mandibular motion after closed and open treatment of unilateral mandibular condylar process fractures

The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of recovery of mandibular motion in patients treated for fractures of the mandibular condylar process. One hundred and thirty-six patients (111 men, 25 women), 74 treated by closed and 62 by open methods, were included. They underwent testing of mandibular and condyle mobility at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1, 2, and 3 years post surgery. Their ranges of motion were compared to those of 52 controls (26 men and 26 women). A jaw-tracking device was used to assess mandibular motion. Multilevel statistical models were used to assess differences between groups, and to estimate rate of recovery in the fracture patients. In general, patients with unilateral fractures of the condylar process had maximum excursions that returned to normal values within 3 years after fracture, regardless of treatment. Patients treated open exhibited a faster rate of improvement in maximum interincisal opening than patients treated closed (0.43 mm/month vs 0.15 mm/month, respectively), but part of the difference was due to a significantly smaller opening after 6 weeks for the patients treated open (38 mm vs 42 mm, respectively). Patients treated open also exhibited a faster rate of improvement in maximum excursion toward the fracture side than patients treated closed (0.10 mm/month vs 0.04 mm/month, respectively). Based upon this study, patients with unilateral fractures of the condylar process, who are treated closed and not put into maxillomandibular fixation but are instructed in physical therapy, can be expected to achieve normal maximum excursions within 3 years after treatment. Patients treated open will have reduced maximum opening initially, but may reach normal levels of opening sooner than patients treated without surgery. Patients treated without surgery may have smaller than normal excursion toward the non-fracture side for at least 3 years after fracture, especially if their fracture was at or above the condylar neck. Improvement rates for other maximum excursions are similar for patients treated with or without surgery.
Emerson and the Problem of Evil: Paradox and Solution

THE problem of evil has always been a great enigma. But there is something even more enigmatic about Emerson's handling of the problem. Critics have found that in the writings of Emerson this becomes an enigma shrouded in a mystery. We shall first sum up the important critical opinions about the Emersonian solution of this problem, then elucidate his theory of evil, and finally demonstrate how he overcomes the antinomy between the philosophical problem of evil and the personal problem of evil. Speaking about Emerson and Whitman, William Butler Yeats says that they are "writers who have begun to seem superficial, because they lack the vision of evil."' Even the contemporaries of Emerson thought that he had no awareness of what Melville called the Power of Blackness. Hawthorne described him as "Mr. Emerson the mystic, stretching his hand out of the cloudland, in vain search for something real." 2 "He has no great sense of wrong," said Henry James, "a strangely limited one, indeed for a moralist no sense of the dark, the foul, the base." 3 Judgments such as these picture Emerson as a man who lacks the vision of evil, or as one who genially denies that it is a problem at all. "These," Emerson wrote on the problem of Original Sin and the origin of evil, "never presented a practical difficulty to any man, never darkened across any man's road who did not go out of his way to seek them." 4 However, Stephen E. Whicher assures us:
The effect of continuous passive motion on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction stability

This study was undertaken to examine the immediate effect of continuous passive motion (CPM) on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction stability. Cadaver knees were tested with a knee arthrometer with the anterior cruciate intact and then with the anterior cruciate sectioned. One of three anterior cruciate reconstructions was then performed and stability was restored to the knee and it was again tested with the knee arthrometer. Stability was defined as being within 2 mm of the intact measurement. The three operations selected were the Marshall-MacIntosh "over-the-top," (OTT) a patellar bone-patellar tendon-tubercle bone (BTB) graft, and a semitendinosis reconstruction. The specimens were placed on a CPM device in a cooler at 38 degrees F and put through a range of motion of 20 to 70 degrees at 10 cycles per minute for 3 days. A success was less than a 2 mm increase in the post-CPM measurement compared to pre-CPM. All three bone-tendon-bone operations failed. The semitendinosis operation was successful in only three out of eight specimens. The OTT operation was successful in eight out of nine specimens. The possible reasons for success and failure are discussed. Because of the potential problems with failure of an ACL with CPM it is suggested that the particular technique being used for an anterior cruciate reconstruction be tested prior to it being used with CPM clinically.
Matchin: eliciting user preferences with an online game

Eliciting user preferences for large datasets and creating rankings based on these preferences has many practical applications in community-based sites. This paper gives a new method to elicit user preferences that does not ask users to tell what they prefer, but rather what a random person would prefer, and rewards them if their prediction is correct. We provide an implementation of our method as a two-player game in which each player is shown two images and asked to click on the image their partner would prefer. The game has proven to be enjoyable, has attracted tens of thousands of people and has already collected millions of judgments. We compare several algorithms for combining these relative judgments between pairs of images into a total ordering of all images and present a new algorithm to perform collaborative filtering on pair-wise relative judgments. In addition, we show how merely observing user preferences on a specially chosen set of images can predict a user's gender with high probability.
A qualitative exploration of the community partner experience in a faith-based breast cancer educational intervention

Although community partner engagement is a key component in faith-based health promotion/disease prevention intervention research, the perspective of community partners on their experiences in the intervention process has been infrequently investigated. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 African-American community partners [i.e. four pastors and eight lay health co-ordinators (LHCs)] from eight churches in greater Baltimore, MD, USA, that engaged in a breast cancer educational intervention that followed a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed, coded and content analysis was used to identify themes across the codes. Findings show that pastors support a holistic approach to health and that LHCs act as a link between the pastors, participants and academic researchers. In addition, pastors and LHCs emphasized that the religious and/or spiritual program elements should not overpower the importance of reaching participants with critical health information regardless of their religious or spiritual beliefs. Study findings suggest that faith-based educational intervention efforts that follow a CBPR approach are important in promoting cancer awareness in the African-American community. Including community partner assessment can further elucidate critical intervention impacts and helps to address health disparities in underserved communities.
A New Species of Sasacarus (Acari: Trombiculidae) from an Incan “Rat” Opossum (Marsupialia: Caenolestidae) in Peru

Sasacarus incae , n. sp., is described and illustrated from a specimen collected from the Incan “Rat” Opossum, Lestoros inca , collected in Peru.
Counting as a Foundation for Learning to Reason About Probability

Based on findings from long-term and cross-sectional studies in a variety of contexts and across a variety of ages, we have found that in the activity of problem solving on strands of counting and probability tasks, students exhibit unique and rich representations of counting heuristics as they work to make sense of the requirements of the tasks. Through the process of sense making and providing justifications for their solutions to the problems, students’ representations of the counting schemes become increasingly more sophisticated and show understanding of basic combinatorial and probabilistic reasoning.
Synchronization properties in multimedia systems

Multimedia is defined as the integrated generation, representation, processing, storage, and dissemination of independent machine-processable information expressed in multiple time-dependent and time-independent media such as data, graphics, drawings, voice, audio, and video. The characteristics of synchronization mechanisms desirable for central and distributed multimedia systems are addressed. The concept of multimedia objects as components of an object-based model for a multimedia system is introduced. The essential new synchronization requirement is restricted blocking together with synchronization features covering real-time aspects. Existing synchronization mechanisms can be altered or new ones defined to meet these requirements. >
Biochemical markers for measurement of predation effects on the biomass, community structure nutritional status, and metabolic activity of microbial biofilms

Chemical measures for the biomass, community structure, nutritional status, and metabolic activities of microbes in biofilms attached to detrital or sediment surfaces based on analysis of components of cells and extracellular polymers represent a quantitative and sensitive method for the analysis of predation. These methods require neither the quantitative removal of the organisms from the surfaces nor the efficient culture of each group of microbes for analysis of predation effects on the biofilm. The biomass of microbes can be determined by measuring the content of cellular components found universally in relatively constant amounts. If these components have a high natural turnover or are rapidly lost from viable cells, they can be utilized to measure the viable cell mass. The membrane phospholipids have a naturally high turnover, are found in all cellular membranes, are rapidly hydrolyzed on cell death, and are found in reasonably constant amounts in bacterial cells as they occur in nature. Estimates of the viable biomass by phospholipid content correspond to estimates from the content of muramic acid, ATP, several enzyme activities, direct cell counts, and in some cases viable counts of subsurface sediments. The analysis of the ester-linked fatty acids of the phospholipids (PLFA) using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) provides sufficient information for the detection of specific subsets of the microbiota based on patterns of PLFA. With this technique shifts in community structure can be quantitatively assayed. Some of the microbiota form specific components such as poly beta-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) under conditions of unbalanced growth. Others form polysaccharide glycocalyx when subjected to mechanical or chemical stress. The combination of analysis of phospholipids, PLFA, PHA, and glycocalyx provides a definition of the biomass, community structure, and metabolic status of complex microbial communities. These methods involve chromatographic separation and analysis so rates of incorporation or turnover into specific components can be utilized as measures of metabolic activities. With these methods it has proved possible to show that amphipod grazing can induce shifts in biofilm community structure, nutritional status, and metabolic activities. With this technology it proved possible to show resource partitioning amongst sympatric detrital feeding amphipods, prey specificity of feeding of benthic microvores, effects of sedimentary microtopology on predation, and shifts in the microbiota by exclusion of top epibenthic predators.
Distributivity Over the Dirichlet Product and Completely Multiplicative Arithmetical Functions

(1973). Distributivity Over the Dirichlet Product and Completely Multiplicative Arithmetical Functions. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 80, No. 4, pp. 411-414.
Confidence Interval Estimation for Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (QPF) Using Short-Range Ensemble Forecasts (SREF)

The Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (HPC) at the NCEP has produced a suite of deterministic quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) for over 40 yr. While the operational forecasts have proven to be useful in their present form, they offer no information concerning the uncertainties of individual forecasts. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology to quantify the uncertainty in manually produced 6-h HPC QPFs (HQPFs) using NCEP short-range ensemble forecasts (SREFs). Results presented herein show the SREFs can predict the uncertainty of HQPFs. The correlation between HQPF absolute error (AE) and ensemble QPF spread (SP) is greater than 0.5 at 90.5% of grid points in the continental United States, exceeding 0.8 at 10% of these, for the 6-h forecast in winter. On the basis of the high correlation, the linear regression equations of AE on SP are derived at each point on a grid covering the United States. In addition, the regression equations for data categorized according to the observed and forecasted precipitation amounts are obtained and evaluated. Using the regression model equation parameters for 15 categorized ranges of HQPF at each horizontal grid point for each season and individual forecast lead time, an AE associated with an individual SP is predicted, as is the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the AE. Based on the AE CI forecast and the HQPF itself, the 95% CI of the HQPF is predicted as well. This study introduces an efficient and advanced method, providing an estimate of the uncertainty in the deterministic HQPF. Verification demonstrates the usefulness of the CI forecasts for a variety of classifications, such as season, CI range, HQPF, and forecast lead time.
A Study of Middle School Band Students' Instrument Choices:

The purpose of this study was to investigate reported influences on middle school band students' instrument choices. A questionnaire was developed to gather information concerning students' instrum...
Regulation of transforming growth factor-beta, type III collagen, and fibronectin by dichloroacetic acid in human fibroblasts from normal peritoneum and adhesions.

Abstract Objective To examine the role of aerobic metabolism in fibroblasts from normal peritoneum and adhesions in the differential expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), an inflammatory cytokine that regulates ECM expression. Design Cell culture under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Setting University research laboratory. Patient(s) Human fibroblasts cultures from normal peritoneum and adhesions. Intervention(s) Exposure to dichloroacetic acid (DCA), which activates pyruvate dehydrogenase, for 24 hours under normal and hypoxic (2% O 2 ) conditions. Main outcome measure(s) Multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) of type III collagen, fibronectin, TGF-β1, and β-actin was performed, with analysis of PCR-amplified products performed by densimetric analysis of gel bands using the National Institutes of Health Image analysis program. Result(s) DCA inhibited human peritoneal fibroblast and adhesion fibroblast TGF-β1 mRNA expression under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. DCA also markedly reduced fibronectin and type III collagen expression under hypoxic conditions in fibroblasts from normal peritoneum and adhesions. Conclusion(s) These observations provide further support for the suggestion that regulation of metabolic activity of peritoneal cells may provide a target for interventions designed to reduce postoperative adhesions.