cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of cytoreductive operations for peritoneal carcinomatosis with or without liver cytoreduction in patients with small bowel neuroendocrine tumors.

Abstract Background This study determines how much cytoreduction for small bowel neuroendocrine tumors with peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastases can be achieved and the corresponding survival benefits of different levels of clearance. Methods Records of patients with small bowel neuroendocrine tumors with peritoneal carcinomatosis were reviewed and scored using the Lyon Stage system. Kaplan-Meier survival was calculated and compared by log-rank analysis. Results Among 323 patients with small bowel neuroendocrine tumors identified, 98 (30%) had peritoneal carcinomatosis. At laparotomy, 82% had Lyon Stage ≥3 compared with 78% who had Lyon Stage ≤2 after debulking (P 70% liver metastases cytoreduction. Overall survival was 76 months for Lyon Stage ≤1 and >70% liver metastases cytoreduction, 38.5 months for Lyon Stage ≥3 and >70% liver metastases cytoreduction, 22 months for Lyon Stage ≤1 and liver metastases not cytoreduced, and 20 months for Lyon Stage ≥3 and liver metastases not cytoreduced (P = .018). Conclusion A majority of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from small bowel neuroendocrine tumors can be cytoreduced. Best survival times are seen with complete clearance; however, there are improved survival times for Lyon Stage ≤1. In patients with liver metastases, best survival after cytoreduction is seen when both Lyon Stage ≤1 and liver metastases >70% are achieved.
Transformer and Frequency Optimization in a GaN-Based Active-Clamp Flyback Converter

Magnetics optimization is paramount to overall power converter optimization. We introduce a method of transformer optimization applied to the example of a GaN-based active-clamp flyback converter using waveforms produced by a circuit simulator, allowing us to account for frequency-dependent waveform changes. An optimization routine is then used to find the minimum loss transformer design for a given RM core and frequency. With this holistic design approach, design calculations predict a 42% reduction in average transformer loss and a 19% reduction in total circuit loss in an already high-performing stock converter module.
Now you hear me, later you don’t: The Immediacy of Linguistic Computation and the Representation of Speech

What happens to an acoustic signal after it enters the mind of a listener? Previous work has demonstrated that listeners maintain intermediate representations over time. However, the internal struc...
Polyphosphoinositide Turnover in the Nervous System

Nerve endings prepared from guinea pig brain support a cholinergic stimulation of phospholipid labeling. In experiments on 32P labeling of phosphatidate and phosphatidylinositol, it has been shown that the stimula­tion is muscarinic and postsynaptic. It appears that a low affinity form of the receptor mediates the stimulated labeling. Recent evidence in several tissues indicates that an early event in stimulated lipid labeling is the breakdown of polyphosphoinositides. While it is tech­nically difficult to demonstrate ligand-stimulated break­down of polyphosphoinositides in intact nerve tissue, an endogenous phosphodiesterase has been shown that cleaves prelabeled membrane polyphosphoinositides to diacylglycerol and inositol phosphates. The phospho­diesteratic cleavage products of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, inositol trisphosphate, and diacylglycerol, are discussed in relation to their possible intracellular messenger function.
New Engineers’ Transfer of Communication Activities From School to Work

Background: Communication is critical to engineering work, and despite its emphasis within engineering education, it is still noted as a gap in new engineers’ preparedness for work. Literature review: Prior research points to communication gaps among new engineers. Few studies have extensively examined transitions between academic and professional engineering contexts. Work remains for understanding how new engineers transfer communication skills. Research questions: 1. In what ways do new engineers transfer communication practices from school to work? 2. What challenges do new engineers experience in moving from communication as practiced at school to communication as practiced at work? Research methodology: This study presents a thematic analysis of data from weekly reflections and regular semistructured interviews conducted during new engineers’ first year of work. Results and conclusions: Despite relying heavily on academic experiences involving both documenting and presenting technical work, new engineers report experiencing communication-related challenges. While further attention to communication activities can be given within engineering curricula, the complexity and situated nature of communication in the workplace cannot be fully replicated in the classroom. As new engineers move between school and work, they experience challenges adapting to a new environment including communication activities embedded within unique sociocultural contexts. While the classroom cannot fully replicate these professional settings and all of their nuances, students can be made more fully aware of the embedded nature of communication activities. Moreover, engineering educators can simulate aspects of the workplace in capstone courses, and companies can provide guidance to help mentor new engineers through the inevitable context gaps.
Rapid and Durable Response With Nab-Sirolimus After Everolimus Failure in a Patient With Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumors (PEComas) of the Uterus.

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) are rare mesenchymal tumors with a natural history ranging from indolent benign lesions to ones with an aggressive clinical course including distant metastases. Recent reports have suggested that mTOR inhibitor sirolimus and related drugs show some benefit in non-tuberous sclerosis complex PEComas. However, therapeutic options for patients who progress on sirolimus are very limited. We describe a patient with metastatic uterine PEComa, who progressed on mTOR inhibitor everolimus but had a rapid and durable response to nab-sirolimus.
Perfusion and endothelialization of engineered tissues with patterned vascular networks.

As engineered tissues progress toward therapeutically relevant length scales and cell densities, it is critical to deliver oxygen and nutrients throughout the tissue volume via perfusion through vascular networks. Furthermore, seeding of endothelial cells within these networks can recapitulate the barrier function and vascular physiology of native blood vessels. In this protocol, we describe how to fabricate and assemble customizable open-source tissue perfusion chambers and catheterize tissue constructs inside them. Human endothelial cells are seeded along the lumenal surfaces of the tissue constructs, which are subsequently connected to fluid pumping equipment. The protocol is agnostic with respect to biofabrication methodology as well as cell and material composition, and thus can enable a wide variety of experimental designs. It takes ~14 h over the course of 3 d to prepare perfusion chambers and begin a perfusion experiment. We envision that this protocol will facilitate the adoption and standardization of perfusion tissue culture methods across the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering. Customizable tissue perfusion chambers facilitate seeding and perfusion culture of human endothelial cells within vascularized tissue constructs.
Szegő and Widom Theorems for Finite Codimensional Subalgebras of a Class of Uniform Algebras

We establish versions of Szegő’s distance formula and Widom’s theorem on invertibility of (a family of) Toeplitz operators in a class of finite codimension subalgebras of uniform algebras, obtained by imposing a finite number of linear constraints. Each such algebra is naturally represented on a family of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, which play a central role in the proofs.
Guidelines of the Inter-American Juridical Committee on Binding and Non-Binding Agreements

On 7 August 2020, the Inter-American Juridical Committee of the Organization of American States (OAS) adopted its Guidelines on Binding and Non-Binding Agreements. The project found its impetus in the rising number of non-traditional international agreements, including both non-binding agreements among States as well as binding and non-binding agreements concluded by government ministries and sub-national territorial units. Drafted over four years under the Rapporteurship of Professor Duncan B. Hollis (with input from Member States and other stakeholders) the guidelines and accompanying commentary address: (i) definitions for each of the various forms of international agreement, including treaties, political commitments, contracts, and inter-institutional agreements; (ii) the capacity of different State institutions to conclude different forms of international agreement; (iii) the methods of identification employed in international practice to identify agreements by type; (iv) the procedures States use to authorize and publicize their various forms of international agreements; (v) the different legal effects, if any, that State practice suggests follows the conclusion of treaties, political commitments, contracts; and (vi) training and other educational efforts to improve transparency in States’ law and practice with respect to both binding and non-binding agreements. Translated by the OAS into four languages, the Guidelines and their accompanying Commentary provide a set of voluntary understandings and practices that States and other stakeholders may employ to improve knowledge on international agreements and, in doing so, reduce the risk of future inter-State and inter-institutional difficulties and disagreements.
Radiation pressure and the distribution of electromagnetic force in dielectric media

A detailed distribution of the force of electromagnetic radiation in and around dielectric media can be obtained by a direct application of the Lorentz law of force in conjunction with Maxwell's equations. We develop a theory of the force exerted by a focused light beam on the free surface as well as within the volume of a transparent dielectric medium. Although the medium can be either solid or liquid, here we emphasize the application of the formulas to liquids since, in principle at least, surface deformations and liquid motions are measurable. Our theory predicts that, upon entering the liquid from the free space, the beam of light exerts an outward vertical force on the entrance surface that tends to produce a localized bulge. This surface force, however, is much weaker than that predicted by prevailing theories and, in contrast to current beliefs, is found to depend on the polarization state of the incident beam. Within the volume of the liquid we predict that the forces of radiation tend to create four counter-rotating vortices at the four corners of the focused spot; the sense of rotation within these vortices depends on the direction of the incident polarization. These striking departures from conventional wisdom with regard to the force of radiation arise from a revision in the form of the Lorentz law as applied to the bound charges/currents within a dielectric medium.
Low-Intensity Exercise and Pregnancy Outcomes: An Examination in the Nurses' Health Study II.

Background: The benefit of low-intensity exercise (LIE) during pregnancy is poorly understood at a time when few women participate in moderate or vigorous exercise. Using data from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII), we tested the hypothesis that women who engaged in more LIE before and during pregnancy experience fewer pregnancy complications. Methods: Among 116,429 U.S. female registered nurses (25-42 years of age) who were enrolled in NHSII in 1989, we included participants (36-50 years of age) who reported in 2001 or 2005 that they were pregnant and completed questionnaires about pregnancy "low-intensity exercise (yoga, stretching, toning)," and who in 2009, provided a full pregnancy outcome history. Multivariable-adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated between LIE and adverse pregnancy outcomes using log-binomial regression models. Results: Among 225 eligible pregnant participants, 71 (31.6%) reported engaging in any LIE. LIE was associated with lower preterm birth, but not significantly associated with pregnancy loss or other adverse pregnancy outcomes. The RR for any LIE for preterm birth was 0.31 (95% CI: 0.09-1.07), with a significant dose-response association [RR = 0.65 (95% CI: 0.48-0.89) per every 30-minute session]. Some suggestive inverse associations were also observed for other adverse pregnancy outcomes: the RR for any LIE for low birthweight was 0.35 (95% CI: 0.08-1.48); for preeclampsia/gestational hypertension was 0.51 (95% CI: 0.13-1.96); and for gestational diabetes was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.25-1.64). Conclusion: Pregnant women can include yoga, stretching, and toning exercise for promoting wellbeing.
(3Z,6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)-Pentacosapentane and (9Z, 11E)-Tetradecadienyl Acetate: Attractant Lure Blend for Dioryctria ebeli (Lepidopterea: Pyralidae)

Feeding damage by larval coneworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on flowers and cones of pines can cause significant economic losses in pine seed orchards in the southern USA (Ebel et al. 1980, USDA Forest Service GTR SE-8, Asheville, NC). The south coastal coneworm, Dioryctria ebeli Mutuura & Monroe, is a common pest in seed orchards of slash pine (Pinus elliottii L.) in the coastal region of southeastern USA, particularly Florida (Ebel et al. 1980). With multiple generations per year, infestations of D. ebeli can be severe, especially in seed orchards infected by the southern pine cone rust, Cronartium strobilinum Hedgc. & Hahn (Merkel 1958, J. Forestry 56:651 ).
Early effects of smoking on surface cytology of the oral mucosa

Abstract The frequencies of seventeen cell types in smears taken in clinically healthy areas of ten regions of the oral mucosa were compared in thirty-seven nonsmokers and forty-one heavy smokers. The subjects were men between 30 and 50 years of age. Smears were processed by the Papanicolaou technique, and 100 serial cells per smear were classified. Smoking was found to affect the frequency of almost all cell types in each of the ten regions. In nine of ten regions, smokers showed a shift toward less mature cell types. In three keratinized regions and in two regions with intermediate degrees of keratinization, the frequency of cells with orange cytoplasm decreased. In four nonkeratinized regions, the frequency of cells with pink cytoplasm decreased. Balancing increases in the keratinized regions occurred in the less mature cells with only partly orange but partly still pink cytoplasm, while in the non-keratinized regions the greatest increases were seen in the least mature of the cell types with blue cytoplasm. Thus, by contrast to the hyperkeratotic lesions clinically associated with the use of tobacco, the earliest effects of smoking, preceding clinical changes, are a shift from cells with higher degrees of keratinization to cells with lower degrees.
Pipeline Economy Through Design of Backfill

Some methods for the structural design of soil-pipe interaction systems are reviewed and correlated. These methods include wall crippling for which ring compression is an adequate means of analysis under many conditions, and ring deflection. Because precise analysis is not usually justified, practical rules of thumb are proposed for average design based either on wall crippling or ring deflection. Maximum pressure concentrations are evaluated as a worst condition for design when wall crippling controls. Control of ring deflection by compaction of the backfill near the pipe is described. Reduction of soil pressures on the pipe by control of soil compaction near the pipe is proposed. The technique may result in a significant increase in the allowable height of fill on the pipe with consequent economy.
Production database systems: making them easy is hard work

Enterprise capable database products have evolved into incredibly complex systems, some of which present hundreds of configuration parameters to the system administrator. So, while the processing and storage costs for maintaining large volumes of data have plummeted, the human costs associated with maintaining the data have continued to rise. In this presentation, we discuss the framework and approach used by the team who took Microsoft SQL Server from a state where it had several hundred configuration parameters to a system that can configure itself and respond to changes in workload and environment with little human intervention.
Chemical Studies on the Subunit Structure of Rabbit Muscle Phosphoglucose Isomerase IDENTIFICATION OF N-ACETYLATED NH2-TERMINAL ALANINE AND COOH-TERMINAL GLUTAMINE

Abstract Tryptic hydrolysates of native, denatured, or chemically modified phosphoglucose isomerase from rabbit skeletal muscle were subjected to standard peptide mapping techniques. Maps prepared from hydrolysates of either native, guanidine hydrochloride-denatured, or carboxymethylated enzyme were found to have only two-thirds to three-fourths of the number of ninhydrin-positive spots that would be expected (a) on the basis of the amino acid composition (82 lysyl and 42 arginyl residues per enzyme molecule of 132,000 mol. wt.) and (b) if it is assumed that the enzyme is composed of 2 identical subunits (physical studies have shown it to consist of 2 subunits of equal size). The lower-than-expected number of peptides obtained under these conditions was shown to be the result of incomplete hydrolysis, due to partial resistance of the enzyme to tryptic attack. However, tryptic peptide maps prepared from fully carbamylated phosphoglucose isomerase (all lysyl residues modified) yielded 20 to 22 unique peptides, the theoretical number for 2 identical subunits. The technique of peptide mapping after carbamylation of all of the lysyl residues proved to have numerous experimental advantages over mapping of the unmodified protein, suggesting this procedure as the method of choice for any protein composed of relatively large polypeptide chains. Standard methods of NH2-terminal analysis gave only negative results, leaving the possibility that the NH2 termini might be blocked. This was confirmed by gas chromatography which showed phosphoglucose isomerase to contain two acetyl groups per enzyme molecule. Application of gas chromatography and amino acid analysis after extensive proteolytic hydrolysis of the enzyme, followed by cation exchange chromatography of the products, yielded two equivalents of acetylalanine per enzyme molecule, i.e. one each at the NH2 terminus of each subunit. Treatment of the enzyme with carboxypeptidase A and hydrazinolysis followed by dinitrophenylation established the COOH-terminal end of each of the subunits to be -isoleucyl-glutamine. The results in their entirety indicate that rabbit muscle phosphoglucose isomerase is composed of 2 identical subunits.
The Mechanism of Dietary Alterations in Rat Hepatic Xanthine Oxidase Levels

Dietary protein depletion results in a decrease in rat hepatic xanthine oxidase activity to about 10% of control levels. Refeeding of a high protein diet leads, after a 6-hour lag phase, to a 5-fold increase in enzyme activity by 12 hours. The mechanism of this increase was studied utilizing actinomycin D, 5-fluorouracil, and puromycin. These agents all blocked the increase in enzyme activity, indicating that both ribonucleic acid and protein syntheses were involved. Following administration of 14C-leucine, specific radioactivities of xanthine oxidase were identical in the livers of protein-depleted and control animals, despite a 10-fold difference in enzyme activity levels. These results indicated that the fractional turnover rates were the same in the two groups of rats and suggested that the rate of xanthine oxidase synthesis was reduced 10-fold in the depleted rats prior to protein re-feeding. Greatly increased isotopic labeling of highly purified enzyme with 14C-leucine during the phase of restoration of enzyme levels indicated that the increase in activity was the result of accelerated apoenzyme synthesis de novo.
Modeling Clinical Endpoints as a Function of Time of Switch to Second‐Line ART with Incomplete Data on Switching Times

Modeling clinical endpoints as a function of change in antiretroviral therapy (ART) attempts to answer one simple but very challenging question: was the change in ART beneficial or not? We conceive a similar scientific question of interest in the current manuscript except that we are interested in modeling the time of ART regimen change rather than a comparison of two or more ART regimens. The answer to this scientific riddle is unknown and has been difficult to address clinically. Naturally, ART regimen change is left to a participant and his or her provider and so the date of change depends on participant characteristics. There exists a vast literature on how to address potential confounding and those techniques are vital to the success of the method here. A more substantial challenge is devising a systematic modeling strategy to overcome the missing time of regimen change for those participants who do not switch to second-line ART within the study period even after failing the initial ART. In this paper, we adopt and apply a statistical method that was originally proposed for modeling infusion trial data, where infusion length may be informatively censored, and argue that the same strategy may be employed here. Our application of this method to therapeutic HIV/AIDS studies is new and interesting. Using data from the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Study A5095, we model immunological endpoints as a polynomial function of a participant’s switching time to second-line ART for 182 participants who already failed the initial ART. In our analysis, we find that participants who switch early have somewhat better sustained suppression of HIV-1 RNA after virological failure than those who switch later. However, we also found that participants who switched very late, possibly censored due to the end of the study, had good HIV-1 RNA suppression, on average. We believe our scientific conclusions contribute to the relevant HIV literature and hope that the basic modeling strategy outlined here would be useful to others contemplating similar analyses with partially missing treatment length data.
Greatly Simplified Procedures for the Synthesis of alpha-Amino Acids by the Direct Alkylation of Pseudoephedrine Glycinamide Hydrate.

A modified procedure for the synthesis of highly enantiomerically enriched α-amino acids is described that involves the direct alkylation of pseudoephedrine glycinamide hydrate (1·H2O) followed by hydrolysis. The modified procedure was developed to overcome several inconvenient aspects of our earlier reported procedure. Advantages of the new method include (1) a greatly simplified one-step synthesis of the alkylation substrate (1·H2O) by the direct combination of glycine methyl ester hydrochloride with pseudoephedrine in the presence of lithium tert-butoxide, (2) the use of the weaker base lithium hexamethyldisilazide (LHMDS) in lieu of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) for the enolization reaction, (3) a protocol for the direct alkylation of 1·H2O without the need for prior drying of the alkylation substrate, and (4) a one-step alkylation procedure that generates LHMDS and anhydrous lithium chloride simultaneously from the reaction of lithium metal with n-hexyl chloride in the presence of hexamethyldisilazane.
Dye uptake and survival studies in x-irradiated yeast cells.

Abstract No apparent correlation was found in parallel studies on the effects of x-irradiation on yeast cells using the early dye uptake and colony-plating methods as criteria. A two-fold increase in dose above that dose required for 90 per cent death was necessary to obtain early dye uptake of congo red by the cells. In view of earlier work on vital dye uptake of yeast cells killed by heat, the results here indicate that for doses of ionizing radiation in the lethal range, early cell permeability and protein structural changes are not pronounced.
A review of research on Schachter's theory of emotion and the misattribution of Arousal

Schachter's two factor theory of emotion and the misattribution of arousal paradigm have been applied to perceptions of euphoria, anger, humour, fear, erotica, discomfort, and love. This paper attempts to review this research and assess both the theory and the misattribution paradigm. The classic Schachter and Singer (1962) study is reviewed, along with criticisms and later attempted replications. Other early research on Schachter's theory is also critqued. The reduction of fear through the misattribution of arousal is examined and its limitations noted. A plausible alternative explanation for many effects of the misattribution paradigm is presented. Research concerning the misattribution of arousal and cognitive dissonance, interpersonal attraction, helping behaviour, and aggression are reviewed and discussed. An overall assessment of Schachter's two factor theory and the misattribution paradigm is also presented. Schachter's (1964a, b) theory is not well supported by the research, but the available evidence has not necessarily disproven the theory either. The misattribution paradigm has proven to be very effective, yet the theoretical basis for this effect is still in doubt. Surprisingly, the most widely cited research is generally of limited value, while little known research has been of much greater significance.
A NINTH BARYON

Results of calculations based on a new field theory of matter are presented. The theory utilizes an analogy between nucleonic charge and electric charge. Predictions of these calculations are discussed. (R.E.U.)
The identification of stochastic dominance efficient sets by moment combination orderings

Abstract A new procedure using algebraic combinations of central moments is derived to identify stochastic dominance efficient sets of security portfolios. The number of computations involved with the moment combinations are significantly smaller than those with regular stochastic dominance tests. The effectiveness of the moment combination procedure is demonstrated with a large-scale empirical study.
Bacterial toxin N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine acutely contracts human and rabbit detrusor through the release of eicosanoids

Purpose: Uropathogenic bacteria that secrete N-formylmethionyl oligopeptides such as N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP) are a common cause of urinary tract infections. We determined the in vitro effects of f-MLP on human and rabbit detrusor as well as its mechanism and site of action.Materials and Methods: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate cyclooxygenase-2 messenger RNA within the rabbit detrusor. Standard mechanical organ bath recording techniques were used to measure contractile activity from rabbit and human detrusor muscle strips. Immunohistochemistry was performed using macrophage specific antibodies (human BerMAC3 and rabbit RAM11) on detrusor whole mount specimens.Results: Muscle activity recorded from human and rabbit detrusor showed that f-MLP caused contracture of the detrusor, which was completely blocked by indomethacin and partially blocked by individual cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors. Exposure of the detrusor to e...
Peer influences and susceptibility to smoking among California adolescents.

Using data from a diverse statewide sample of 10th-grade adolescents in California, in 1996–97, this study investigated the associations between peer influence variables and susceptibility to smoking. Peer influence variables included attitudes about the social consequences of smoking and subjective norms, as described by the Theory of Reasoned Action. Among never-smokers (N = 2681) and ever-smokers (N = 4248), attitudes about social consequences of smoking and subjective norms each were associated with an increased risk of susceptibility to smoking. The model explained a larger proportion of the variance in susceptibility among ever-smokers than among never-smokers. Results indicate that peer influences, including perceptions of the social consequences of smoking and perceived social norms, may make adolescents susceptible to smoking.
Evidence for the exchange of the ρ and A2 Regge trajectories in the reactions π+p → πoΔ++, π+p → ηsoΔ++, and K+p → KoΔ++

A study is made of three reactions involving Δ++ production, π+p → πoΔ++π+p → ηoΔ++ and K+p → KoΔ++ which because of t-channel quantum number restrictions allow the exchange of only a few high-lying Regge trajectories. These trajectories are ϱ, A2 and ϱ + A2 respectively. In this respect these Δ production reactions are similar to the ‘elastic’ reactions π−p → πon, π−p → ηon and K−p → Kon, which have the same Regge exchanges. Effective α plots for the ϱ and A2 trajectories are obtained from the Δ reaction data, which are consistent with those obtained from the ‘elastic’ reactions. Differential cross sections for corresponding ‘elastic’ and inelastic reactions are compared and the observation made that similar exchange particles yield similarly shaped differential cross sections. The reactions in which only the ϱ contributes have narrow forward peaks, dips at t → −0.6 and secondary maxima; those with A2 exchanges have much broader distributions; and those with both ϱ and A2 exchanges have forward peaks of intermediate width. The intermediate character of the K reactions is consistent with SU(3), which would predict roughly equal proportions of ϱ and A2 exchange. Exchange degeneracy is also discussed, especially with regard to the remarkable experimental evidence that the decay correlations of the Δ++ appear to be the same in all three reactions.
High-level, three-pronged design methodology for N-CHIME interface system software

Abstract To enable users of the Hierarchical Simulation Language (HSL) to take full advantage of that software and its supportive tools, an interface system, called N-CHIME, was designed and implemented. It takes into account the capabilities and constraints of the user, the interface software/hardware, and the applications software. The paper provides a guided tour through the software design methodology that was developed. It represents a study of techniques for tailoring interface software for industrial use. Methodological steps are illustrated through the N-CHIME case study. Design principles and factors applicable to each of the three major system prongs are outlined. A high-level graph of user-visible states encapsulates the functionality available to the user at each point of a session. The object-oriented software architecture that accommodates those user states is an extension of the user interface management system model. The paper emphasizes the importance of defining a well structured, comprehensive design process and of ensuring designer accountability through recordings of the rationale behind each design decision.
Solution of the poisson equation: Comparison of the Galerkin and control-volume methods

The two-dimensional Poisson equation is solved by the finite element method which uses rectangular elements and the bilinear shape function. Two kinds of weighting functions are employed, which correspond to the Galerkin method and the control-volume method. The results for three test problems, for which exact analytical solutions are available, show that the control-volume method leads to errors that are about one-half of the errors given by the Galerkin method. Incidentally, the five-point finite difference method is found to give errors which are nearly equal to those for the Galerkin method.
Spatio-temporal sampling for video

With this work we propose spatio-temporal sampling strategies for video using a lenslet array computational imaging system and explore the opportunities and challenges in the design of compressive video sensors and corresponding processing algorithms. The redundancies in video streams are exploited by (a) sampling the sub-apertures of a multichannel (TOMBO) camera, and (b) by the computational reconstruction to achieve low power and low complexity video sensors. A spatial and a spatio-temporal sampling strategy are considered, taking into account the feasibility for implementation in the focal-plane readout hardware. The algorithms used to reconstruct the video frames from measurements are also presented.
Examining the Relationships Between Family Meal Practices, Family Stressors, and the Weight of Youth in the Family

Background Research is limited on how the social environment of the home is related to childhood obesity.
Environmental Factors Associated with Primary Care Access Among Urban Older Adults

Disparities in primary care access and quality impede optimal chronic illness prevention and management for older adults. Although research has shown associations between neighborhood attributes and health, little is known about how these factors - in particular, the primary care infrastructure - inform older adults' primary care use. Using geographic data on primary care physician supply and surveys from 1260 senior center attendees in New York City, we examined factors that facilitate and hinder primary care use for individuals living in service areas with different supply levels. Supply quartiles varied in primary care use (visit within the past 12 months), racial and socio-economic composition, and perceived neighborhood safety and social cohesion. Primary care use did not differ significantly after controlling for compositional factors. Individuals who used a community clinic or hospital outpatient department for most of their care were less likely to have had a primary care visit than those who used a private doctor's office. Stratified multivariate models showed that within the lowest-supply quartile, public transit users had a higher odds of primary care use than non-transit users. Moreover, a higher score on the perceived neighborhood social cohesion scale was associated with a higher odds of primary care use. Within the second-lowest quartile, nonwhites had a lower odds of primary care use compared to whites. Different patterns of disadvantage in primary care access exist that may be associated with - but not fully explained by - local primary care supply. In lower-supply areas, racial disparities and inadequate primary care infrastructure hinder access to care. However, accessibility and elder-friendliness of public transit, as well as efforts to improve social cohesion and support, may facilitate primary care access for individuals living in low-supply areas.
Sound Stimulation and Its Effect on Dental Sensation Threshold

The success of "auditory analgesia" in dental operations may be a result of distraction, suggestion, or cross-sensory masking, or of a combination of the three. An attempt to separate these influences was made by measuring the change in sensitivity to electrical stimulation of the teeth in typical dental patients upon presentation of loud white noise. No differences in this "tingle" threshold under noise and no-noise conditions were found, either when preliminary instructions were neutral or after implicit or explicit suggestion that the noise would raise the threshold. These results indicate that auditory analgesia is probably not an example of cross-sensory masking, and that its successful use in the clinical situation depends both on distraction and on suggestion.
Replication of each copy of the yeast 2 micron DNA plasmid occurs during the S phase

Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains 50-100 copies per cell of a circular plasmid called 2 micron DNA. Replication of this DNA was studied in two ways. The distribution of replication events among 2 micron DNA molecules was examined by density transfer experiments with asynchronous cultures. The data show that 2 micron DNA replication is similar to chromosomal DNA replication: essentially all 2 micron duplexes were of hybrid density at one cell doubling after the density transfer, with the majority having one fully dense strand and one fully light strand. The results show that replication of 2 micron DNA occurs by a semiconservative mechanism where each of the plasmid molecules replicates once each cell cycle. 2 micron DNA is the only known example of a multiple-copy, extrachromosomal DNA in which every molecule replicates in each cell cycle. Quantitative analysis of the data indicates that 2 micron DNA replication is limited to a fraction of the cell cycle. The period in the cell cycle when 2 micron DNA replicates was examined directly with synchronous cell cultures. Synchronization was accomplished by sequentially arresting cells in G1 phase using the yeast pheromone alpha-factor and incubating at the restrictive temperature for a cell cycle (cdc 7) mutant. Replication was monitored by adding 3H-uracil to cells previously labeled with 14C-uracil, and determining the 3H/14C ratio for purified DNA species. 2 micron DNA replication did not occur during the G1 arrest periods. However, the population of 2 micron DNA doubled during the synchronous S phase at the permissive temperature, with most of the replication occurring in the first third of S phase. Our results indicate that a mechanism exists which insures that the origin of replication of each 2 micron DNA molecule is activated each S phase. As with chromosomal DNA, further activation is prevented until the next cell cycle. We propose that the mechanism which controls the replication initiation of each 2 micron DNA molecule is identical to that which controls the initiation of chromosomal DNA.
Direct recording of K and Na current-potential characteristics of squid axon membrane.

THE Hodgkin–Huxley1 (HH) formulation is an analytical description of a squid axon membrane from which nearly all of the classical physiological properties of an axon can be computed, but few investigators have gone through the tedious analysis of step voltage clamp data to obtain the HH parameters from their data.
333: Impact of Inosine 5’-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase 1,2 and Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 Genetic Polymorphisms on Mycophenolate Mofetil Related Adverse Events in Pediatric Heart Transplant Patients

TGF1 staining was observed in myocardium. TGF1 expression was significantly correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), but inversely correlated with the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and growing ages. Conclusions: Increased TGF1 expression in both myocardium and coronary arterial wall is the hallmark of CAV, that may play an important pathogenesis role in the neointima formation, but may be benefitial in the improvement of cardiac function in heart failure with these two different causes.
Probabilistic model for AGV mobile robot ultrasonic sensor

An autonomous guided vehicle is a multi-sensor mobile robot. The sensors of a multi-sensor robot system are characteristically complex and diverse. They supply observations, which are often difficult to compare or aggregate directly. To make efficient use of the sensor information, the capabilities of each sensor must be modeled to extract information form the environment. For this goal, a probability model of ultrasonic sensor (PMUS) is presented in this paper. The model provides a means of distributing decision making and integrating diverse opinions. Also, the paper illustrates that a series of performance factors affect the probability model as parameters. PMUS could be extended to other sensor as members of the multi-sensor team. Moreover, the sensor probability model explored is suitable for all multi-sensor mobile robots. It should provide a quantitative ability for analysis of sensor performance, and allow the development of robust decision procedures for integrating sensor information. The theoretical sensor model presented is a first step in understanding and expanding the performance of ultrasound systems. The significance of this paper lies in the theoretical integration of sensory information from the probabilistic point of view.
SU-D-213AB-04: Evaluation of the Dose Calculation in a Commercial Planning System for a Breast Cancer Brachytherapy Technology Using Monte Carlo Simulation

Purpose: To evaluate the dose calculation in a commercial treatment planning system (TPS) for a breast cancerbrachytherapy technology using Monte Carlo simulation for 21 patients. Methods: Plans for 21 patients who received SAVI treatments were modeled using data from the TPS including CTimages, structures and source information. The MC code PENELOPE was used, inputting images in voxel format, where density and material (tissue, air, bone and Nitinol) for each voxel were assigned based on its calibrated Hounsfield units and contoured structure sets, respectively. For the source model only gamma‐rays and fluorescence X‐rays of the NuDat database 192Ir spectrum were used, leaving out photons with emission intensity less than 0.1% and X‐rays with energies below 10 keV. Source positions were entered into the plan and run individually. Dose was totaledby individually weighting the dose for each source position using the original TPS plan dwell times and then summing the weighted dose for all positions. Results:Dose from the Monte Carlo plan was compared with dose from the original plan using isodose lines at 50, 100, 150 and 200% of the prescription dose of 34Gy. Dosimetric coverage of the target was compared by evaluating the V100, V150 and V200 (volume of the target covered by 100%, 150 and 200% of the dose respectively). The V200 and V150 had an average increase (and standard deviation) of 9.1% (3.2%) and 3.8% (1.4%) respectively, while the average change in V100 was 1.2% (1.0%). Where variance for the entire simulation was 0.9%. Conclusion: We have compared dose distributions of a commercial TPS using Monte Carlo simulation for SAVI breast cancerbrachytherapy and found that a dose increase near the air‐tissue interface.
The fine structure 0f the sacculus and lagena of a teleost fish

Abstract The ultrastructure of the sensory epithelia in the auditory regions of the ear, the sacculus and lagena, were investigated in the blue gourami, Trichogaster trichoptems , using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The sensory epithelium consists of sensory hair cells surrounded by supporting cells, both of which are quite similar to comparable cells found in other fishes. The apical surface of each sensory cell contains a ciliary bundle which varies in length in different epithelial regions. Tight junctions and one or more levels of desmosomes are located between supporting cells, and between sensory and supporting cells, just below the apical cell membrane. Peripheral to the actual sensory epithelium is a region of epithelial cells that resemble the supporting cells on the sensory epithelium itself. However, interspersed among these cells are other cells containing large numbers of mitochondria, extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and large vacuoles. Investigations of the orientation patterns of the ciliary bundles on the sensory hair cells demonstrate that the lagena is typical of other Perciform fishes while the position of two of the four orientation groups normally found in the Perciform sacculus are quite different in Trichogaster from that found in other species. Comparisons of the ultrastructure of the sensory and supporting epithelia of Trichogaster and other fishes shows that, with the exception of the mitochondria-filled cells, there are no apparent significant interspecific differences with regard to ultrastructure of the sensory and supporting cells themselves, although there are differences in hair cell orientation patterns among the same fish groups.
Second-Stage Palliation After Bilateral Pulmonary Artery Bands for HLHS and its Variants--Which is Better, Modified Norwood or Norwood Plus Bidirectional Glenn?

Background. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical outcomes and pulmonary artery (PA) development associated with a new strategy wherein the modified Norwood (N) procedure is perfor...
The antitumor effects of adenoviral-mediated, intratumoral delivery of interleukin 23 require endogenous IL-12

Interleukin (IL)-23 is a member of the IL-12 family of heterodimeric cytokines, comprised of p19 and p40 subunits, which exhibits immunostimulatory properties similar to IL-12. We have demonstrated previously that adenoviral-mediated, intratumoral delivery of IL-23 (Ad.IL-23) was able to induce systemic antitumor immunity. Here we demonstrate that Ad.IL-23 requires endogenous IL-12 for conferring an antitumor effect after adenoviral-mediated, intratumoral delivery. In contrast, Ad.IL-12 does not require IL-23 for its antitumor effects although endogenous IL-23 appears important for induction of systemic antitumor immunity by IL-12. However, despite the requirement for endogenous IL-12, co-delivery of IL-23 and IL-12 does not provide even an additive local or systemic antitumor effect, regardless of the dose. We further demonstrate that although the use of a single-chain IL-23 (scIL-23) results in higher level of expression and a more pronounced IL-23-mediated antitumor effect, there is still no synergy with IL-12. These results demonstrate that although significant antitumor effects are achieved by intratumoral injection of adenovirus expressing either scIL-23 or IL-12 alone and that IL-23 requires endogenous IL-12 for maximum antitumor benefit, the combined use of these cytokines provides no additive or synergistic effect.
Structural health monitoring of fatigue crack growth in plate structures with ultrasonic guided waves

Fatigue crack growth in plate structures is monitored with ultrasonic guided waves generated from piezoelectric transducers. Cracks initiate in the vicinity of fastener holes due to cyclic in-plane...
The thermal emittance of mica as a function of thickness.

Reflectance, transmittance and absorptance of muscovite type mica as function of thickness measured, using prism and grating spectrophotometers
The effect of photobleaching on bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) setae color and its implications for studying aging and behavior

Historically, bee age has been estimated using measurements of wing wear and integument color change. These measurements have been useful in studies of foraging ecology and plant-pollinator interactions. Wing wear is speculated to be affected by the behaviors associated with foraging, nesting, and mating activities. Setal color change may be an additional parameter used to measure bee age if it is affected by sun exposure during these same activities. The objectives of this study were to experimentally assess the effect of direct sun exposure on setal color, unicellular hair-like processes of the integument, and determine whether wing wear and integument photobleaching are correlated. To quantify photobleaching of setae, we measured changes in hue of lab-reared Bombus huntii Greene (Apidae) exposed to natural sunlight. We found that sun exposure was a significant variable in determining setal bleaching. To assess the relationship between wing wear and setal photobleaching, we scored wing wear and measured setal hue of B. huntii , Melecta pacifica fulvida Cresson (Apidae), and Osmia integra Cresson (Megachilidae) from museum specimens. Wing wear and setal hue values were positively correlated for all three species; however, the strength of the relationship varies across bee species as indicated by correlation coefficient estimates. Our results suggest that setal color change is affected by sun exposure, and is likely an accurate estimate of bee age. We suggest that future investigations of bee aging consider a suite of morphometric characteristics due to differences in natural history and sociobiology that may be confounded by the use of a single characteristic.