cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The feasibility and RE-AIM evaluation of the TAME health pilot study.

Conducting 5 A’s counseling in clinic and utilizing technology-based resources are recommended to promote physical activity but little is known about how to implement such an intervention. This investigation aimed to determine the feasibility and acceptability, using the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework, of a pragmatic, primary care-based intervention that incorporated 5 A’s counseling and self-control through an activity monitor. Primary care patients (n = 40) 55–74 years of age were recruited and randomized to receive a pedometer or an electronic activity monitor (EAM), Jawbone UP24, to monitor activity for 12 weeks. Participants were also invited to a focus group after completing the intervention. Stakeholders (n = 36) were recruited to provide feedback. The intervention recruitment rate was 24.7%. The attrition rate was 20% with a significantly higher rate for the pedometer group (p = 0.02). The EAM group increased their minutes of physical activity by 11.1 min/day while the pedometer maintained their activity (0.2 min/day), with no significant group difference. EAM participants liked using their monitor and would continue wearing it while the pedometer group was neutral to these statements (p < 0.05). Over the 12 weeks there were 490 comments and 1094 “likes” given to study peers in the corresponding application for the UP24 monitor. Some EAM participants enjoyed the social interaction feature while others were uncomfortable talking to strangers. Participants stated they would want counseling from a counselor and not their physician or a nurse. Other notable comments included incorporating multiple health behaviors, more in-person counseling with a counselor, and having a funding source for sustainability. Overall, the study was well-received but the results raise a number of considerations. Practitioners, counselors, and researchers should consider the following before implementing a similar intervention: 1) utilize PA counselors, 2) target multiple health behaviors, 3) form a social support group, 4) identify a funding source for sustainability, and 5) be mindful of concerns with technology. clinicaltrials.gov- NCT02554435 . Registered 24 August 2015.
Influence of a Models-based Physical Education Teacher Education Program on the Perspectives and Practices of Preservice Teachers

A recent innovation in the United States is for university faculty to deliver models-based physical education teacher education (PETE) programs. The study described in this paper evaluated the effe...
Origin of Flaws from Ceramic Processing

Ceramics present a particular challenge for NDE. Except for some of the most recently developed ceramic-ceramic composites, ceramics fail from pre-existing flaws. NDE is particularly difficult to use for the high technology ceramic parts such as automobile engine or other high reliability structural parts. These parts are required to withstand a high design stress which infers that the critical flaw size be very small. The flaw size is usually outside the limits of NDE detection. Since all ceramic materials of importance are essentially brittle, one can estimate the flaw size from the linear elastic fracture mechanics, $$\sigma = {K_C}/\pi c$$ (1)
The Lobster Olfactory Receptor Cell as a Neurobiological Model: The Action of Histamine

The suppressive action of the biogenic amine, histamine, on the output of lobster olfactory receptor cells provides new insight into peripheral organization in olfaction and reveals a new mechanism of action of biogenic amines. These findings are reviewed as one example of the pioneering role of crustacean chemoreceptors as model systems in neurobiology.
The Release of ACTH by Human Pituitary and Tumor Cells in a Superfusion System

Investigators in the field of biochemical endocrinology may find themselves in a difficult position when they face a decision whether to perform in vivo or in vitro experiments and when comparing data from these tests. In pituitary hormone studes, there always has been and there always will be the dilemma of either (1) leaving the pituitary in situ, where one does not know exactly which of many possible factors could affect pituitary function but where one is certain of the “physiology” of the experiment, or (2) removing the gland to an in vitro setup, where the experimenter decides exactly which substances or factors he wants pituitary function to be affected by, but where there will always be doubts about how closely the experimental conditions approach “normal physiology.” In view of the many difficulties encountered in setting up well-controlled in vivo experiments or in the interpretation of their results, we thought it desirable to perform in vitro experiments accompanied by as many in vivo parallels as possible and feasible. We have therefore devoted some time recently to the development of in vitro experimental procedures that we think approximate the in vivo situation to a substantial degree.
Implementing a Whole Health Model in a Community Mental Health Center: Impact on Service Utilization and Expenditures.

Objective:This study examined whether implementing a whole health care model in a community mental health center reduced the use of acute care services and total Medicare expenditures. The whole he...
Resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer mediated by a reversible drug-tolerant state

Eradicating triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) resistant to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is a critical unmet clinical need. In this study, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of treatment-naive TNBC and serial biopsies from TNBC patients undergoing NACT were used to elucidate mechanisms of chemoresistance in the neoadjuvant setting. Barcode-mediated clonal tracking and genomic sequencing of PDX tumors revealed that residual tumors remaining after treatment with standard frontline chemotherapies, doxorubicin (Adriamycin) combined with cyclophosphamide (AC), maintained the subclonal architecture of untreated tumors, yet their transcriptomes, proteomes, and histologic features were distinct from those of untreated tumors. Once treatment was halted, residual tumors gave rise to AC-sensitive tumors with similar transcriptomes, proteomes, and histological features to those of untreated tumors. Together, these results demonstrated that tumors can adopt a reversible drug-tolerant state that does not involve clonal selection as an AC resistance mechanism. Serial biopsies obtained from patients with TNBC undergoing NACT revealed similar histologic changes and maintenance of stable subclonal architecture, demonstrating that AC-treated PDXs capture molecular features characteristic of human TNBC chemoresistance. Last, pharmacologic inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation using an inhibitor currently in phase 1 clinical development delayed residual tumor regrowth. Thus, AC resistance in treatment-naive TNBC can be mediated by nonselective mechanisms that confer a reversible chemotherapy-tolerant state with targetable vulnerabilities.
Every Woman Has a Story to Tell: Experiential Reflections on Leadership in Higher Education

This study explores and shares key professional development advice related to career paths, challenges faced, and lessons learned from senior women leaders at a public, urban, research university. ...
Epitaxial growth and layer-transfer techniques for heterogeneous integration of materials for electronic and photonic devices

The demand for improved electronic and optoelectronic devices has fuelled the development of epitaxial growth techniques for single-crystalline semiconductors. However, lattice and thermal expansion coefficient mismatch problems limit the options for growth and integration of high-efficiency electronic and photonic devices on dissimilar materials. Accordingly, advanced epitaxial growth and layer lift-off techniques have been developed to address issues relating to lattice mismatch. Here, we review epitaxial growth and layer-transfer techniques for monolithic integration of dissimilar single-crystalline materials for application in advanced electronic and photonic devices. We also examine emerging epitaxial growth techniques that involve two-dimensional materials as an epitaxial release layer and explore future integrated computing systems that could harness both advanced epitaxial growth and lift-off approaches. This Review Article examines the development of epitaxial growth and layer transfer techniques for monolithic integration of dissimilar single-crystalline materials for application in advanced electronic and photonic devices.
Ultrasound-Guided Gas Embolization Using a Single Linear Array Transducer

Transarterial chemoembolization is the first line therapy for patients with intermediate stage hepatocellular carcinoma, the third leading cause of cancer related deaths. This procedure is effective in extending patient survival but requires a complicated catheterization procedure and can induce off-target occlusion. Gas embolization has been proposed as an easily administered, more spatially selective alternative. Microbubbles produced in situ using acoustic droplet vaporization can accumulate and form occlusions within the tumor vasculature. While recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of this method in mouse models, the focused ultrasound used for droplet vaporization has been manually guided, resulting in off-target hemorrhage. A more targeted yet similarly facile to administer insonation method will improve the clinical translatability of the proposed therapy. Here, we demonstrate the development of a custom ultrasound pulse sequence consisting of interleaved real-time imaging and droplet vaporization that operates on a single linear array transducer. GUI controls were developed to afford the user fine control over the localization of the focal spot. We first produced bubble clouds in fibrin gels seeded with droplets to demonstrate the accuracy of spatial control. Then, we successfully generated and tracked occlusions in real-time in a tumor model without the induction of off-target hemorrhage. These preliminary results indicate that gas embolization may serve as an easily administered ultrasound-guided and activated therapy.
High-contrast grating and its application in VCSEL array (Conference Presentation)

Recent progress of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) using high contrast grating (HCG) and their applications will be reviewed. Replacing distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR) with a ultra-thin high contrast grating enables wavelength swept and far field pattern engineering. We will discuss review the basic concept and recent progress of HCG VCSEL arrays for phase engineering and beam steering. New applications in optical coherence tomography, 3D sensing and LIDAR will be discussed.
Topografías, afectos y subjetividades: Melilla en Lucía o la inasible sustancia del tiempo de Antonio Abad

Este ensayo cuestiona y problematiza las tensiones presentes en la geografia humana melillense a partir del analisis de las topografias historicas y las intensidades afectivas presentes en Lucia o ...
3 – Staffing to Meet Protective Goals

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses staffing matters related to entry-level, supervisory, and managerial issues focusing on entry-level employment. The means of ascertaining the levels of confidence in new hires are also discussed. Reliable pre-employment screening is at the core of successful operations management. This is particularly the case for protection programs. In an organization, security personnel are selected in much the same way as other workers, however, higher standards are set for determining the applicants' previous legal, moral, and ethical behavior, which guide the employment decisions. The job description is a basis of comparing the eventual performance of an employee with the original written expectation. Job descriptions for an entry-level position emphasize the minimum skills required, while those for supervisory positions attempt to identify persons who have sufficient experience and personnel skills to supervise the work of others. The entire vetting process is costly. For entry-level and supervisory employees, vetting involves expenditures to recruit candidates, perhaps to pay personnel agencies, costs of staff time allocated to review applications and conduct interviews, and outlays for background investigations.
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency and its related hematological and neurological manifestations, of which pernicious and megaloblastic anemia are the most recognized entities, have puzzled the medical community for over a century. These conditions are described in all ages, race and ethnicities, continents, and socioeconomic groups. Among the etiologies identified in vitamin B12 deficiency, nutritional deficiency, including restrictive diets due to access to appropriate food items, food or oral aversion, or personal choice, is recognized in developed and developing countries. Other etiologies include inherited or genetic defect in the metabolism of vitamin B12, immune-mediated, or absorption-related defects. Understanding the pathophysiology of this phenomenon has allowed us to provide the adequate treatment to reverse the changes in the affected systems successfully.
She Wants the World to See

2019 16” by 12”, mixed media on canvas Ginger Danz, Fayetteville, W.Va. www.gingerdanz.com
Terahertz Gas-Phase Spectroscopy of CO using a Silicon-Based Picosecond Impulse Radiator

A custom energy-efficient s ilicon i mpulse r adiator i s u sed as a s ource for THz spectroscopy of carbon monoxide (CO). Multiple absorption lines are measured across varying pressures and mixing ratios using a single broadband integrated source.
Interaction of Common Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) with Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) Genotypes

Greenhouse replacement series studies were conducted to determine the relative competitiveness of NC10-275 (unreleased, drought tolerant; upright, bushy, and vining growth with large leaves) and Co...
Regulatory capture in the US petroleum refining industry

The capture theory of regulation concludes that regulatory agencies tend to be captured by the firms they are regulating. This paper tests the capture theory in the recent environment of nuanced agency regulation by the administrative state, focusing on the US oil refining industry. Regulation has tended to narrow refiners’ margins, which harms nonintegrated oil refiners more than vertically integrated. Providing evidence of regulatory capture, complementary analysis of stock returns shows that regulations have benefited the stocks of vertically integrated firms. The narrowing of the margins is primarily due to rising input costs.
Rank Scholarship Today

In the years since this essay originally appeared in the February 2012 Comparative Education Review—where we then served as editors—the global critique of academic productivity measures has intensified, especially outside the United States where—because of the decentralized funding of American universities—researchers still behave as if they are relatively immune from the pressures experienced in non-English-language contexts.
Cross courses pedagogy development in data analytics

Data and Analysis of Data (or Data Analytics, or DA) are becoming increasingly important parts of professional practices within IT (Information Technology) and across the larger domains of business and science. Many dedicated data analytics related programs have been developed to train the future data analyst workforce. Still, growing needs of DA skills and knowledge almost as literacy requirement for many job practices outpace what the dedicated DA programs can supply. DA training often goes beyond dedicated DA curricula. Even in IT field, many non-DA IT courses could involve some DA topics. Currently, there is a lack of study on how to coordinate the pedagogical methods in teaching those DA topics embedded in different courses to deliver needed DA training for our non-DA IT graduates. Here, we explore the possibility of developing a pedagogy framework that helps link the teaching and learning of those fragmented DA topics embedded across different non-DA courses in multidisciplinary study areas of IT field together. In doing so, we expect this interdisciplinary effort to provide a complimentary approach to promote DA education and prepare IT graduates with the DA skills needed in a variety of job requirements. Although our current effort is limited to the IT field this experience can inspire and be transferred to other fields where DA is a part of the prevalent job practices for their DA pedagogy development.
Effect of Selenium on the Expression and Function of the Interleukin-2 Receptor

This study examined the effect of dietary (2ppm for 8 weeks) or in vitro (1 × 10−7M) supplementation with Se (as sodium selenite) on the expression of the p55 and p75 subunits of the interleukin-2 receptor (I12R) and the function of p55/p75 on the surface of lymphoblasts from 12 week-old C57B1/6J male mice. Scatchard analyses of 125I-I12 binding (2nM-6pM) on the surface of Con A induced (5μg/ml; 48h) pooled spleen lymphoblasts indicated that cells from Se-supplemented animals expressed significantly higher numbers per cell of low (53,687 ± 6160; Kd 3.31 × 10−9M) and high affinity (3,235 ± 216; Kd = 6.91 × 10−11M) I12R as compared to cells from Se-normal animals (34,648 ± 2923, Kd = 1.78 × 10−9; 2,169 ± 95, Kd = 4.36 × 1011M, respectively). The numbers of both p55 (56,908 ± 5980) and p75 (12,736 ± 839) expressed per cell were also significantly higher than on cells from Se-normal animals (37,203 ± 2988; 9663 ± 1009, respectively), but their ratios were comparable. Supplementation with Se in vitro resulted in similar changes. The high affinity receptors on both cell types internalized I12 at the same rate (15 ± 0.9 and 14 ± 1.2 min 50% I12 internalization) but a significantly higher number of 125I-I12 molecules were internalized by cells from Se-supplemented animals (1305 ± 107 vs. 835 ± 96) at 60 min after exposure. The results indicated that Se regulates the expression of both subunits of the I12R and thus can modulate I12-dependent responses.
Course assessment practices and student learning strategies in online college courses

Perhaps the most promising and understudied aspect of online education is course assessment. Course assessment is important because it has a strong impact on learning and is an indicator of the quality of learning occurring in a class. In the online environment, methods of assessment can be very different. However, the online education literature is currently lacking empirical data about the general status of assessment practices or how those practices relate to student learning. This article lays the groundwork for future studies by providing a description of formative and summative assessment and learning strategies in 60 online courses and suggesting some ways that assessment practices lead to different types of learning. In this study, instructors appear to follow effective practice by using multiple and alternative assessment methods, dispersing grades over time, and providing timely and frequent feedback to students. Students report focusing on relatively more complex learning strategies, such as elaboration and critical thinking over rehearsal. However, online instructors need to ensure that assessments are used strategically and that feedback is productive and able to be acted upon by students.
Undergraduate Research: A Pedagogical Experiment

Students cooperatively conducted research experiments in an upper division cognitive psychology course in the Behavioral Sciences and Leadership Department at the United States Air Force Academy. The pedagogical structure of the course was modified to emphasize teaching cadets how to think versus what to think through the process of conducting research. Students were expected to cooperate in pairs to design and conduct their research. Cooperative research projects were used in the attempt to develop critical thinking skills and intrinsic motivation to excel. This paper presents the authors' views on the rationale and perceived benefits of cooperative research projects in upper division courses to develop critical thinking skills and intrinsic motivation.
Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics: What Is Wrong with Shanghai?

This paper is the fourth chapter of a forthcoming book, Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics (New York: Cambridge University Press, July 2008). The book is a narrative account of the evolution of capitalism in China in the last three decades. (The year 2008 marks the 30th anniversary of economic reforms in China.) The research is based on detailed archival examinations of policy, bureaucratic and bank documents as well as several waves of household and private-sector firm surveys. As an example, I have examined a 22-volume collection of memoranda, directives, operating manuals, rules of personnel evaluations issued by the presidents of China's central bank, all the major commercial banks, rural credit cooperatives, etc. A detailed synopsis of the book appears after this page. This book devotes an entire chapter to Shanghai, for two reasons. One is that Shanghai represents the classic urban-bias model - the city restricted the development of small-scale, entrepreneurial businesses while conferring tax benefits on FDI and on businesses closely allied with the government. The other is that at the end of the 1980s, Shanghai was among the least reformed of the urban economies in China and yet its leaders during the second half of the 1980s went on to dominate Chinese politics during the entire decade of the 1990s. This book asks, "What is wrong with Shanghai?" and proceeds to present the following illustrations: - Although they are located in the richest market in China, indigenous private-sector businesses in Shanghai are among the smallest in the country and self-employment business income per capita is about the same in Shanghai as it is in provinces such as Yunnan, where GDP per capita is about 10 to 15 percent of that in Shanghai; - (As an illustration of how unusual the above pattern is, imagine finding that selfemployment business income per capita in the United States were about the same as that in Turkey); - The political, regulatory, and financial restrictions on indigenous private entrepreneurship in Shanghai were extreme as evidenced by the fact that the fixed asset investments by the indigenous private-sector firms peaked in 1985; - The share of labor income - inclusive of proprietor income - to GDP is very low in Shanghai; - Shanghai's GDP increased massively relative to the national mean but the household income level relative to the national mean experienced almost no growth; - Although wage income is high in Shanghai, asset income is among the lowest in the country; - Since 2000, the poorest segment of Shanghai's population has lost income absolutely during a period of double-digit economic growth; - Although aspiring to be a high-tech hub of China, the number of annual patent grants in Shanghai decreased substantially relative to that in the more entrepreneurial provinces such as Zhejiang and Guangdong in the 1990s; - Shanghai is also very corrupt.
Relationship between sprite streamer behavior and lightning‐driven electric fields

[1] The lightning-driven electric fields not only initiate sprite streamers at high altitudes but also control their propagation to lower altitudes until termination. Thus, the relationship between sprite streamer behavior and their causative lightning-driven ambient electric field can reveal the internal microphysics during sprite development. In this work, we combined the measurements of broadband electromagnetic radiation from sprite-producing lightning, high-speed video of sprite optical emissions acquired at 5,000–10,000 frames per second, and numerical simulations to infer the background lightning-driven electric fields during the full extent of downward streamer propagation. For four sprites analyzed, all with positive polarity downward streamers, the observed streamers all terminate at locations where the ambient electric field is approximately 0.05 Ek, independent of the altitude where this field is reached. For two sprites with significant horizontal extent, the points of streamer termination closely follow the spatial contour of the E = 0.05 Ek surface, further confirming the consistency of this termination background field for positive sprite streamers. The positive streamers also begin their significant deceleration where the background field drops below 0.12–0.24 Ek. These measured termination field (Eter) and deceleration field (Edec) are consistent with previous laboratory experiments of positive streamer stopping field and critical field to sustain stable propagation. These results connect sprite streamer behavior with the lightning-driven background electric fields and can be a step to further constrain the existing model of streamer propagation in the mesosphere.
A comparison of the aerobic and anaerobic incorporation of L-lysine-U-C-14 into protein of various tissues of the rat.

Abstract 1. 1. A comparison of the in vitro capacities of nineteen tissues of the adult rat to incorporate l - lysine -U- C 14 into protein has been carried out in the presence of 0·009 M glucose. 2. 2. The highest degree of incorporation of radioactive lysine into protein under aerobic conditions occurred in samples of bone marrow. 3. 3. The highest degree of incorporation of radioactive lysine into protein under anaerobic conditions occurred in samples of lymph node.
Simulations of the upper atmospheres of the terrestrial planets

The comparative approach to planetary aeronomy is becoming increasingly fruitful as new information from various planet atmospheres is assimilated. In particular, Venus, Earth, and Mars thermospheric observations and modeling over the past 30-years provide a useful platform for addressing similar upper atmosphere processes in various planetary settings. Basic features of the structure and dynamics of the Venus, Earth, and Mars thermospheres can be understood by examining the implications of their fundamental planetary parameters. Different features are notably the result of unique forcings on variable timescales that drive the energetics, chemistry, and dynamics of these upper atmospheres. The present maturity of available Venus and Earth planetary databases (and the promise for Mars) as well as numerical modeling capabilities permit us to compare the thermospheres of these 3 planets using well tested and individually validated three-dimensional (3-D) thermospheric general circulation models (TGCMs). Important TGCM simulation products are examined and constrasted in this chapter. In particular, the role of O-CO 2 enchanced 15-μm cooling is investigated in the context of global dynamics and its effect on atomic-O and thermal distributions. It is found that CO 2 cooling is an effective thermostat for control of the Venus dayside temperatures, while Mars and Earth are only moderately affected. By contrast, the role of global dynamics in controlling temperature distributions is most pronounced for Mars and the Venus nightside. Clearly, the geocentric perspective when applied to other planet atmospheres is initially helpful, but must be revised as new planetary data and model simulations combine to challenge our understanding of thermospheric processes in new planetary environments.
Indirect climate forcing over the western US from Asian dust storms

[1] Aerosols lofted to high altitudes by springtime Asian dust storms advect across the Pacific Ocean and, as recognized in recent years, regularly reach the western US. As part of our long-term cirrus cloud research program using remote sensing measurements, we have observed unusually warm cirrus ice clouds associated with transported Asian dust aerosols. The polarization lidar data presented for illustration here suggest that the dust particles, which are indicated to be especially active ice nuclei, can affect the formation and phase of clouds, and hence alter their radiative properties at least as far away as the eastern Great Basin of the US.
Design and performance of transfer assembly for the infrared telescope for Space Lab 2

The infrared telescope (IRT) for Spacelab 2 is of unique cryogenic design in that approximately 2 K He gas is delivered to the IR detectors from a superfluid supply dewar which is separate from the telescope/detector unit. The usual design of an infrared telescope system is for the telescope/detector unit to be an integral part of the dewar with the telescope/detector immersed into the helium bath. The IRT design has the advantage of decoupling thermal and mechanical vibration disturbances in the liquid helium bath from the IR detector. Another advantage for IRT was that the telescope /detector design, fabrication, and testing could be carried out completely independent of the dewar development. The design of the IRT telescope/detector unit (called cryostat) was performed assuming that gaseous helium at 2 K would be made available at the inlet to the cryostat at a flow rate that could be varied from zero to 40 mg/s. The supply dewar was designed so that standard commercial construction methods could be used. The dewar contained no valves or heat exchangers in order to simplify the design and reduce costs. The interfacing of the storage dewar with the cryostat is the function of what is termed the transfer assembly, (TA), which provides for the essential IRT system functions listed in Table I.
Hermeneutics and Resistance: Multicultural Teacher Education Reconsidered

I applaud Adrienne Pickett and J.G. York for raising the topic of multicultural teacher education, since this topic has not received enough attention among philosophers of education. The underlying assumption upon which Pickett and York base their argument — that a focus on skills-based training for cultural competency in handling diverse classrooms is inadequate — is on target and supported by some of the major theorists in the field, such as Sonia Nieto and James Banks. As these theorists have argued, a deeper kind of transformation on the part of teachers must take place if we want them to become genuine multicultural educators and agents of social change. Pickett and York rightly maintain that the kind of change that is at stake here “goes beyond transferring information or skills from professors to preservice teachers,” and “involves a transformation of worldviews and assumptions that preservice teachers have carried with them for their entire lives.”
Hydrogen Attack in Thick-Section 2¼Cr-1Mo Steels at Elevated Temperatures

Changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of a 2 1 / 4 Cr-1Mo steel under the influence of hydrogen attack at elevated temperatures were investigated. Evidence of methane bubble formation at grain boundary carbides was established by direct transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations. The stress-to-rupture life was found to be significantly reduced for hydrogen-exposed specimens. A new approach for data correlation in the form of Nelson curves as a function of stress is proposed.
Practical on-line identification of power converter dynamic responses

A practical approach for on-line identification of power converter dynamic responses using low-cost digital hardware is presented. The development provides a first step towards adaptive power delivery in electronic systems and can be used for simple off-line controller design. A hardware efficient algorithm is derived and verified with experimental results using a 90 W forward converter with an FPGA-based digital controller
A Form of Affection: Sense of Place and Social Structure in the Chinese Courtyard Residence

This paper considers the Chinese courtyard residence as a form of affection. By affection, the author means the wide range of subjective constructs—emotions, attachments, commitments of the heart—entailed in the context of living in a family. The Confucian worldview within which this courtyard residential typology flourished rendered indistinguishable the spatial-formal configurations of the courtyard home and the affections experienced within it. The significance of this convergence is as follows: the Chinese courtyard paradigm amounts to a case study for a larger theoretical discourse—namely, the question of how human subjective responses integrate with physical environments to achieve “sense of place.” The paper's conclusion extracts seven traits from the Chinese courtyard typology and posits them as characteristics for more general experiences of “sense of place.”
Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea: Evolving Concepts in Diagnosis and Surgical Management Based on the Mayo Clinic Experience from 1970 through 1981

Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea, occurring in the absence of recent trauma, is a distinct clinical entity that can be difficult to diagnose and treat. The case records of 28 patients with this entity were reviewed retrospectively. Pertinent historical data and the results of radiographic evaluation are discussed. The patients were classified into one of three major etiological categories: congenital anomaly, delayed posttraumatic, and tumor groups. The fistulas causing the rhinorrhea were approached extracranially or intracranially, depending on the suspected cause and location. A cure was obtained in 22 of the 27 patients surgically treated (81%). Seventeen patients were cured by a single operation, 5 were cured after multiple operations, and 5 continued to leak despite surgical treatment. Three of the 5 patients who were surgical failures had intracranial tumors, and 2 of them died from complications of persistent fistulas. With the use of a multidisciplinary team approach, an extracranial operation (transethmoidal or transsphenoidal) to repair a spontaneous CSF leak offers a high success rate and is associated with minimal morbidity in appropriately selected patients.
Effect of radiofrequency resonance on the natural line form

The form of Zeeman lines in the presence of a resonant rotating r.f. magnetic field is determined. The spontaneous emission distributions are obtained from the steady-state solutions, leading to a prediction of the splitting of Zeeman lines at rotation frequencies corresponding to well separated single- and multiple-quantum resonance frequencies, as well as at the resonance frequency in the Majorana case.
Influence of Intercropping on Phyllotreta cruciferae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations on Collard Plants

Numerical trends of flea beetle, Phyllotreta cruciferae (Geoze), populations on collards intercropped with nonhost polyculture vegetables were studied in Chesterfield County, Va., during 1981, 1982, and 1983. No significant differences in the number of beetles between intercropped and monocropped collards existed when collards were intercropped in rows 91 cm apart. Differences in the width of row spacing did not significantly influence beetle colonization on collards for plants intercropped with row spacings of 46, 61, and 76 cm. However, beetle populations were significantly smaller, and collard foliage was damaged significantly less in intercropped collards than in monocropped collards. Also, collard leaf yield was significantly less in intercropped regimes than in monoculture regimes. These data show that although intercropping reduced P. cruciferae populations on collards, the reduced collard leaf yield minimizes the usefulness of intercropping as a cultural method for controlling flea beetles on collards.
Effective one-body potentials for orientationally anisotropic fluids

We consider moving an axially symmetric rod, 2, about another, 1, such that (A) their relative orientation Θ12 never changes and (B) they never penetrate each other. These constraints define uniquely a closed surface S inside which the second rod's centre can never be found. We determine S explicitly as a function of the rod dimensions and of the fixed angle ϑ12 (Θ12) between their axes. We then treat fluids of anisotropic molecules whose pair interaction energy can be written as the sum of a hard rod (h.r.) repulsion, v h.r., and a dispersional attraction, v attr. The effective one-body potential is given approximately by where ρ is the number density and f(Θ) is the fraction of molecules having orientation Θ. Using our results for the surface S ϑ12 we evaluate this mean field for typical ratios of molecular length (l) to width (w). Even when the attractive part of the pair potential consists only of the familiar Ψ(Θ) can be expressed in the form where the bars over the Pn 's denote averages over the ori...
An experiment on the stability of hypersonic laminar boundary layers

An experimental investigation of the hydrodynamic stability of the laminar hypersonic boundary layer was carried out with the aid of a hot-wire anemometer. The case investigated was that of a flat surface at zero angle of attack and no heat transfer.The streamwise amplitude variation of both natural disturbances and of disturbances artifically excited with a siren mechanism was studied. In both cases it was found that such small fluctuations amplify for certain ranges of frequency and Reynolds number Rθ, and damp for others. The demarcation boundaries for the amplification (instability) zone were found to resemble the corresponding limits of boundary-layer instability at lower speeds. A ‘line of maximum amplification’ of disturbances was also found. The amplification rates and hence the degree of selectivity of the hypersonic layer were found, however, to be considerably lower than those at the lower speeds. The disturbances selected by the layer for maximum amplifications have a wavelength which was estimated to be about twenty times the boundary-layer thickness δ.
The impact of meaningful context on strategic play in signaling games

Abstract Psychologists have provided abundant evidence that behavior can differ in fundamental ways when problems are embedded in a meaningful, as opposed to abstract, context. Our paper explores the effects of meaningful context on behavior in a signaling game experiment. Meaningful context significantly increases the initial level of strategic play. This effect fades over time, so that meaningful context partially substitutes for experience. There is also evidence that meaningful context can fundamentally affect subjects’ reasoning processes. These results suggest that meaningful context might better capture behavior in field settings and improve the performance of equilibrium refinements for certain games.
Long-term outcomes during treatment of chronic pain with intrathecal clonidine or clonidine/opioid combinations

Abstract To evaluate the effectiveness of intrathecal clonidine or clonidine/opioid admixture for the treatment of chronic pain states, a retrospective chart audit of 15 patients seen by the Pain Medicine and Neurosurgical Services was performed. Subjects included 9 men and 6 women aged 26–86 years. Diagnoses included complex regional pain syndrome, neuropathic pain, and cancer pain. All patients received a trial of single-shot and/or short-term infusion of clonidine. Those reporting a significant reduction in pain, or at least 50% reduction in their visual analog scale (VAS), received long-term therapy. Intrathecal clonidine as a single-shot dose, infusion, or as intrathecal polytherapy did not improve VAS scales from pre-treatment values in 5 patients. Ten patients reported significant pain relief or >50% decrease in VAS scores with the initial trial and received long-term therapy. Two received clonidine alone for 7–11 months before the therapy failed; others failed after just a few days. Seven of eight initially responded to clonidine alone (75–950 μg/day) before failing and requiring a second drug. Three received hydromorphone (200–8000 μg/day) and four morphine (0.15–15 mg/day) with clonidine. Four patients then failed 2-drug therapy (duration 6–21 months). Two continue with intrathecal clonidine/hydromorphone (duration 19–29 months) and 1 with clonidine/morphine (duration 21 months). After initiation of intrathecal clonidine, one patient reported good relief with clonidine/morphine until his death 5 months later. In this population, intrathecal clonidine was of limited utility for most patients. It may be of benefit for subset(s) of patients, but in our experience, duration of relief is typically
Correlation of the cardiogenic air flow in the respiratory airway (i.e. the pneumocardiogram) with left ventricular stroke volume in dogs.

The pneumocardiogram (PNCG) is a record of the pulsatile flow of air in the trachea coincident with each heart beat. In 5 anesthetized mongrel dogs, the cardiogenic air flow through an endotracheal tube was measured with a research pneumotachograph. The correlation between the pneumocardiographic volume of air, obtained by integrating the PNCG over the period of ventricular ejection, and stroke volume (SV), measured lay the saline-dilution method, was determined for a physiologic range of SV. Although the pneumocardiographic volume tracked measured SV, the former was always less. The range of correlation coefficients was 0.60 to 0.91. The results suggest that the PNCG may be suitable for continuous tracking of changes in SV on a noninvasive, beat-by-beat basis. The technique is ideally applicable to intubated human subjects, particularly those undergoing closed-chest surgical procedures.
A technique for establishing winter loading guidelines for 15, 25, and 50 kVA pole and pad mounted distribution transformers based on the direct measurement of winding and oil temperatures

Abstract Outdoor winter seasonal conditions have been achieved with a 10 ft × 10 ft × 7 ft environmental chamber having a temperature range of 165 - 0°F. The loading back technique was used in the chamber to test and establish winter loading guidelines for thirteen distribution transformers of 15, 25, and 50 kVA pole top and pad mount design. Temperatures were logged every two minutes from eight thermocouples placed within the transformers. Direct measurements were made with carefully insulated and grounded thermocouples placed within the high voltage and low voltage windings. Recommended winter loading guidelines may be achieved from these data for the operation of such transformers on the utility distribution system.
Personality Traits and Correct Voting

Recent studies in political psychology report a significant association between personality traits and ordinary citizens’ attitudes and behaviors in the political arena. A growing body of literatur...
Moment-Equation Approach to Single Phase Fluid Flow in Heterogeneous Reservoirs

Summary In this paper, we study single phase, steady-state flow in bounded, heterogeneous reservoirs. We derive general equations governing the statistical moments of flow quantities by perturbation expansions. These moments may be used to construct confidence intervals for the flow quantities. Due to their mathematical complexity, we solve the moment differential equations ~MDEs! by the numerical technique of finite differences. The numerical MDE approach renders the flexibility in handling complex flow configurations, different boundary conditions, various covariance functions of the independent variables, and moderately irregular geometry, all of which are important factors to consider for realworld applications. The other method with these flexibilities is Monte Carlo simulation ~MCS! which has been widely used in the industry. These two approaches are complementary, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The numerical MDE approach is compared with published results of MCS and analytical MDE approaches and is demonstrated with two examples involving injection/production wells.
Strategic Management of Other-Provided Information Online: Personality and Network Variables

Effective self-presentation is challenging in the contemporary computer-mediated communication environment due to the abundance of other-provided information. This study compared two approaches, one that focuses on internal factors (the personality approach) and the other environmental factors (the network approach), explaining why individuals engage in strategic self-presentation to manage other-provided information on social network sites. Using an online survey (N=322) of participants from the United States and Singapore, results suggest that the two approaches work differently in different contexts, depending on the communication mode. Specifically, individuals who stake self-esteem on physical appearance and have diverse online networks are more strategic in their maintenance of other-provided information. Practical and theoretical implications about online self-presentation are provided.
Photonic design for silicon photovoltaics

We describe photonic design approaches for silicon photovoltaics including i) trapezoidal broadband light trapping structures ii) broadband light trapping with photonic crystal superlattices iii) III-V/Si nanowire arrays designed for broadband light trapping.
Rate of Gleason 7 or higher prostate cancer on repeat biopsy after a diagnosis of atypical small acinar proliferation

Rate of Gleason 7 or higher prostate cancer on repeat biopsy after a diagnosis of atypical small acinar proliferation
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Nucleoside Adducts from Bay and Fjord Region Diol Epoxides

Palladium-catalyzed C−N bond formation has been utilized to synthesize covalent 2‘-deoxyadenosine (dA) and 2‘-deoxyguanosine (dG) adducts of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) series 1 (syn) and benzo[c]phenanthrene (BcPh) series 2 (anti) diol epoxides. For this, (±)-10α-amino-7β,8α,9β-trisbenzoyloxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro BaP and (±)-1β-amino-2α,3α,4β-trisbenzoyloxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro BcPh were coupled with 6-halo-9-[3,5-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-β-d-erythro-pentofuranosyl]purine and O6-benzyl-3‘,5‘-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2-bromo-2‘-deoxyinosine, using a (±)-BINAP−Pd complex and Cs2CO3. For the synthesis of the dA adducts, both the 6-chloro- as well as the 6-bromopurine nucleoside derivatives were analyzed for the C−N coupling reaction with the hydrocarbon amino tribenzoates. With the BaP amino tribenzoate, the 6-chloronucleoside provided satisfactory results, whereas the 6-bromo analogue proved to be superior with the BcPh amino tribenzoate. Overall, lower yields of the dA adducts were obtained with the m...
Wheat Germ Agglutinin blocks Mammalian Fertilization

Wheat germ agglutinin specifically binds to the zona pellucida of hamster eggs and prevents sperm penetration and fertilization.
Wormholes in spacetime and θQCD

We calculate in chiral perturbation theory the dependence of Newton's gravitational constant G on the θ parameter of quantum chromodynamics, and we find that G, as a function of θ, is minimized at θ≌π. This calculation suggests that quantum fluctuations in the topology of spacetime would cause θ to assume a value very near π, contrary to the phenomenological evidence indicating that θ is actually near 0.
Enhancing Psychosocial Competence Among Black Women: A Psycho-Educational Group Model Approach

ABSTRACT The lack of social work intervention models targeted toward the specific mental health needs of Black women has been recognized as a major gap in our knowledge concerning effective treatment. More recently, group work has been recognized as a useful and effective method of treatment for this population. This paper discusses the utility of a culturally specific, group intervention with Black women aimed at enhancing psychosocial competence as an effective mechanism to assist Black women in coping with the tasks of life and contributes to their ability to master life events. The model incorporates the use of literary works, authored by Black women as an innovative tool for enhancing the group process. Case vignettes are offered.