cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Congenital Ichthyosiform Erythroderma Superimposed with Chronic Dermatophytosis: A Report of Three Siblings

Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma is an autosomal recessive ichthyosis characterized by severe scaling and erythroderma. We report a family of three siblings who were all born with a collodion membrane and presented with diffuse scaling and pruritus. All three children subsequently developed chronic cutaneous dermatophyte infections requiring oral antifungals. One child developed superinfection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus requiring antibiotics.
Oxygen consumption and14CO2 production in tissue of rats with chronic and acute selenite poisoning

Nessuna influenza sull'attivita respiratoria di cellule di fegati e reni di topi e stata notata quando gli animali sono stati trattati con somministrazioni acute o croniche di Na2SeO3. La diminuzione della produzione di14CO2, quando i tessuti degli animali trattati con Na2SeO3 sono stati incubati con14C glucosio, suggerisce la possibilita di un aumento dell'attivita catabolica dei lipidi.
Acetylation of the Carcinogen N-Hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene by Acetyl Coenzyme A to Form a Reactive Ester

Nonenzymatic acetylation of various carcinogenic hydroxamic acids was studied with acetyl-1-14C-CoA as the acetyl donor. Formation of acetate esters was studied by determination of the benzene-extractable radioactivity. Interaction of these esters in vitro at pH 7.5 with methionine and guanosine was used as a measure of their reactivity. N -Hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene was acetylated to a much greater extent than 2-aminofluorene, 2-acetylaminofluorene, or its ring-hydroxylated derivatives. The reaction was dependent on pH and the type of buffer, period of incubation, and the concentrations of acetyl-CoA and N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. With 5 min of incubation and KHCO3-KOH buffer, the pH optimum was found to be 10. On the basis of its ultraviolet absorption spectrum, RF value after paper chromatography, lability to alkali, and characteristic reaction products with methionine and guanosine, the acetylated reaction product of N -hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene has been characterized as N -acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. Among various N -hydroxy derivatives tested, N -hydroxyurethane and its N -methyl derivatives were acetylated most rapidly. It is suggested that acetate esters of hydroxamic acids may also be some of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolites of carcinogenic hydroxamic acids.
Application of Wavepacket Decomposition Technique to Synthetic Aperture Focusing Imaging

In Nondestructive Testing(NDT) field,ultrasonic inspection for Reinforced Concrete(RC) structures is one of the most promising ways.To increase the inspecting volume,low frequency Ultrasonic is generally employed to inspect the integrality and potential danger in the concrete structures.However,several kinds of disturbing signals result in the low signal-noise ratio in the concrete structures imaging.Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique(SAFT) can focus effectively to reflected waves,and improve the reconstructed image's resolution through rough B-scan method.For low-frequency excitation signal,wavepacket distortion is produced during the focusing process,which decreases test resolution.Therefore,wavepacket decomposition technique,which can put the whole reflected wavepacket into focusing calculation,is introduced here to improve the reconstructed resolution.This technique solves the problem of wavepacket distortion,and better focusing effect and resolution are obtained.Furthermore,calculating velocity is increased because the points joined into SAFT calculation are cut down greatly.The presented technique has been verified by the simulation experiment.From the results,the method can improve more the ability of localizing object and give better imaging effect.
Partitioned Procedures for Control-Structure Interaction Analysis

A partitioned computational procedure for the simulation of control-structural interaction systems is presented. The present procedure enables the analyst to conduct the interaction analysis by utilizing two modular single-field analysis packages: an active control synthesis package and a flexible dynamics analysis package. Thus, in addition to its computational advantages, the procedure allows each discipline expert a greater freedom to modeling and synthesis without discipline-oriented constraint other than interface requirements.
The value of theorising from a student-stakeholder perspective

We apply data from two related surveys to an exploratory study centred on 'what is the value' that academic theory creates for its main stakeholders. We begin to address questions of whether and how and to whom we, as strategy researchers, add new value through our published theoretical propositions. Our preliminary results reveal that the majority of our top-tier theoretical published causal relationships are obvious to business school students. That said, we provide several paths for increasing our added and appropriable value, including an identification of the audiences that need it most.
Sensitivity of Source–Filter Interaction to Specific Vocal Tract Shapes

A systematic variation of length and cross-sectional area of specific segments of the vocal tract (trachea to lips) was conducted computationally to quantify the effects of source–filter interaction. A one-dimensional Navier–Stokes (transmission line) solution was used to compute peak glottal airflow, maximum flow declination rate, and formant ripple on glottal flow for Level 1 (aero-acoustic) interactions. For Level 2 (tissue movement) interaction, peak glottal area, phonation threshold pressure, and deviation in $f_{{{o}}}$ were quantified. Results show that the ventricle, the false-fold glottis, the conus elasticus entry, and the laryngeal vestibule are the regions to which acoustic variables are most sensitive. Generally, any narrow section of the vocal tract increases the degree of interaction, both in terms of its length and its cross-sectional area. The closer the narrow section is to the vocal folds, the greater the effect.
Asymmetric electrically conducting element printed from aqueously dispersed pentacene nanoparticles

Pentacene is an organic semiconductor with promising electronic properties, but it has been severely limited in application due to difficult and expensive processing. (Microelectron Eng, 88, 9, 2959–2963, 2011), (J Appl Phys, 109, 8, 083710, 2011) Generally, pentacene-based devices typically require high-vacuum processing, and/or synthetic modifications to the molecule must be incorporated. (Thin Solid Films, 427, 1-2, 367–370, 2003), (J Am Chem Soc, 129, 34, 10,308–10,309, 2007), (J Mater Chem C, 1, 11, 2193–2201, 2013), (ACS Nano, 7, 9, 7983–7991, 2013) We developed a technique to transform small molecule pentacene into an aqueously dispersed particulate material. Pentacene was introduced into a miniemulsion reaction and formed into nano-scale platelet-like particles. After the miniemulsion, the emulsified pentacene showed indefinite stability in the aqueous phase, which is key in a material used for printable electronics. Devices fabricated from the aqueously dispersed particles demonstrated behavior similar to a Zener diode with a breakdown voltage of ≈ 2 VDC.
Managerial Dilemmas: Voting failure: Social choice in a dictatorial hierarchy

If we exclude the possibility of interpersonal comparisons of utility, then the only methods of passing from individual ordering to social preferences which will be satisfactory and which will be defined for a wide range of sets of individual orderings are either imposed or dictatorial. Arrow (1963: 59) Steven Cheung (1983) tells of prerevolutionary Chinese coolies pulling barges along canal towpaths. The problems of shirking evidently plagued the Chinese workers; each person was aware that as long as everyone else was presumed to be shirking, he should shirk as well. But the group as a whole could not produce as much or get paid as much as it could if all worked with a will. The coolies' response was to create the role of supervisor. The job of the supervisor, who was selected from among the coolies themselves, was to punish shirkers and “whip” the workers into greater effort. The image of the man with the whip brings into sharp focus the issue of the Leviathan as the solution to market failure. In the preceding chapter, it was argued that hierarchy is a mechanism for imposing solutions on actors when self-interested behavior and bargaining both lead to inefficiency. But once hierarchical political authority is created, the constitutional question remains – who shall make authoritative decisions for the firm? Indeed, it is possible to imagine that political authority in the firm could be wielded through democratic means.
Geometry of privacy and utility

One of the important challenges in statistical privacy is the design of algorithms that maximize a utility measure subject to restrictions imposed by privacy considerations. In this paper we examine large classes of privacy definitions and utility measures. We identify their geometric characteristics and some common properties of optimal privacy-preserving algorithms.
Introduction: Perspectives on Trade and Exchange

Today, in America, we are surrounded by objects from distant places: toys from China, cars from Japan, shoes from Mexico, wine from Argentina, and myriad goods from around the world. Workers in Naivasha, Kenya, harvest roses in the afternoon, and by the next morning they are for sale in the flower shops of London. High-speed, economical transportation links producers and consumers in an international marketplace; the average home in the western world contains goods transported by trains, container ships, and cargo jets. In the prehistoric and historic past, when transport was slower and costlier, the exchange networks that linked distant peoples were complex and productive. Nonlocal goods were transported, traded, and exchanged through a variety of means, over short and long distances, and it was often the case that the social dynamics that were part of this process were as meaningful as the objects themselves. Archaeological tools for identifying foreign objects, such as provenance studies, stylistic analyses, and economic documentary sources reveal nonlocal materials in prehistoric and historic assemblages. Yet trade and exchange encompass more than mere production and consumption. Exchange was a mechanism for introducing the exotic into daily life. Foreign objects were integrated into everyday practice long before the advent of a global economy.
Automated Acquisition of Cryo Electron Micrographs Using Leginon

Molecular microscopy is one of the most important structural approaches in cell biological investigations and can provide insight into complex biological questions that no other technique can provide. Currently, the technique typically requires the acquisition of very large numbers of transmission electron micrographs from frozen hydrated specimens using low dose techniques. The field is constrained by manual data acquisition methods that are slow, labor-intensive and result in a very low percentage of suitable images. We have developed a system, called Leginon, for automatically acquiring images from a transmission electron microscope. Our first prototype of this system demonstrated that we could acquire 1000 high magnification images per day from negatively stained catalase crystals. We have now extended this system to acquire low dose images of specimens embedded in vitreous ice.Methods: Specimens were prepared on Quantifoil grids using techniques which have been described previously. The Leginon system uses a Philips CM200 TEM and a Gatan MSC CCD camera and is controlled by the emScope software library. The overall acquisition protocol requires (i) obtaining a low magnification image [660x] of a grid square from a Quantifoil grid (fig. 1a); (ii) automatically identifying holes containing ice of suitable thickness; (iii) acquiring an intermediate magnification image [6600x] of the identified hole (fig. 1b); (iv) identifying features of interest within the hole; (v) focusing at high magnification [38,000x] and finally (vi) acquiring a high magnification image (fig 1c,d).
Effects of Season on Ignition of Live Wildland Fuels Using the Forced Ignition and Flame Spread Test Apparatus

ABSTRACTAn understanding of what variables affect the ignition of live wildland fuels is crucial to predicting crown fire spread, the most poorly understood type of wildland fire. Ignition tests were performed over the course of an entire year for ten species (three species in year one, seven in year two) to evaluate seasonal changes in flammability. Ignition delay and mass loss rate at ignition were measured for a radiant heat flux of 50 kW/m2 and flow velocity of 1 m/s. Large species-to-species variation occurred in two-variable linear correlations between moisture content, ignition time, and mass loss rate at ignition. Only a few species showed the same behavior as wet wood. Due to potential physical and chemical changes that live fuels undergo during the growing season, moisture content is not a particularly useful descriptor of ignition behavior for live fuels.
Recursively Measured Action Units

Video is a recursively measured signal where frames are highly correlated with structured sparsity and low-rankness. A simple example is facial expression - multiple measurements of a face. Several salient facial action units (AU) are often enough for a correct expression recognition. We hope that AUs are not stored when the face remains neutral until they become salient when expression occurs, as well as that the recognizer is still able to restore historic salient AUs. A temporal memory mechanism is appealing for a real-time system to reduce rich redundancy in information coding. We formulate expression recognition as a video Sparse Representation based Classification (SRC) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) mechanism, which is applicable for human actions yet requiring a careful design of sparse representation due to possible changing scenes. Preliminary experiments are conducted on the MPI Face Video Database (MPI-VDB). We compare the proposed sparse coding with temporal modeling using LSTM against the baseline of sparse coding with simultaneous recursive matching pursuit (SRMP).
Respiratory outcomes after initial hospital discharge in children with ventricular shunts and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Introduction Children born premature who require ventricular shunt placement for post hemorrhagic hydrocephalus are at increased risk for neurodevelopmental delay. We hypothesized that preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who require ventricular shunt (VS) placement are at additive risk for long-term respiratory morbidities due to their higher likelihood of neurodevelopmental delay. We also hypothesized that children with BPD and ventricular shunts would require frequent shunt revisions during early childhood following initial shunt placement. Methods All subjects were recruited from the Johns Hopkins Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Clinic between January 2008 and November 2016. A review of demographic and clinical information was undertaken and a respiratory outcomes questionnaire was completed by the primary caregiver. Results Fifty-five (8.9%) of 623 subjects in the study population had ventricular shunts, with a mean 4.6 ± 2.3 years of follow-up data (range: 0.5-10.1). Subjects with VS were more likely to be born at earlier gestational ages and be discharged on supplemental oxygen compared to BPD subjects alone. Outpatient respiratory symptoms and acute care usage were similar between the two groups. BPD subjects with VS were more likely to have had gastric tubes placed. A total of 270 neurosurgical procedures were performed in subjects with VS with a mean of 4.9 ± 5.4 procedures/subject. Conclusion Children with ventricular shunts and BPD had similar outpatient respiratory outcomes compared to children with BPD alone; however respiratory morbidities may have been mitigated by the greater use of gastric tubes in the VS + BPD group. Multiple neurosurgical procedures were common in children with ventricular shunts.
A Corrective for Bioethical Malaise: Revisiting the Cultural Influences That Shaped the Identity of Bioethics

In this essay the author addresses three issues concerning the cultural influences that shaped modern bioethics: (1) the recurrent bioethics malaise that is traceable notably to an expanding reductionism in the methods and scope of bioethics; (2) how both the malaise that nestles in the community of bioethicists and the reductionism that is its cause distort the meaning of bioethics as it has been shaped by cultural factors; and (3) how a corrective might be achieved by taking seriously a consideration of three sorts of cultural forces that shaped bioethics from its origins. Those three cultural forces are: (1) the force of cultural conflict as analyzed by some intellectuals who launched a worldwide debate on “the two cultures” of science and humanities; (2) the culture of the 1960s that precipitated the rapid coalescence of the elements ingredient in a new and challenging area of inquiry known as bioethics; and (3) the expansive culture of Western intellectual inquiry since the Renaissance, which accounts for the diverse approaches to bioethics.
Characterization of Relative Complex Permittivity and Permeability for Magneto-Dielectric Sheets

A new method is developed to extract relative complex permittivity and permeability of magneto-dielectric sheets. Two test fixtures are used to separately extract electric and magnetic properties of the material under test (MUT). The unknown parameters corresponding to dispersion models of the complex permittivity and permeability of the magneto-dielectric sheet are optimized by comparing the measured $\vert S_{{\rm{21}}}\vert $ of the test fixtures containing the MUT with the $\vert S_{{\rm{21}}}\vert $ obtained from full-wave simulation. CST Microwave Studio is used to perform the simulations and optimization. The method is verified and the extracted electromagnetic properties of two ferrite sheet samples are presented. Also, the uncertainty of the system due to air gaps in the test fixtures is investigated.
Talbot-Lau x-ray deflectometry phase-retrieval methods for electron density diagnostics in high-energy density experiments.

Talbot-Lau x-ray interferometry uses incoherent x-ray sources to measure refraction index changes in matter. These measurements can provide accurate electron density mapping through phase retrieval. An adaptation of the interferometer has been developed in order to meet the specific requirements of high-energy density experiments. This adaptation is known as a moire deflectometer, which allows for single-shot capabilities in the form of interferometric fringe patterns. The moire x-ray deflectometry technique requires a set of object and reference images in order to provide electron density maps, which can be costly in the high-energy density environment. In particular, synthetic reference phase images obtained ex situ through a phase-scan procedure, can provide a feasible solution. To test this procedure, an object phase map was retrieved from a single-shot moire image obtained from a plasma-produced x-ray source. A reference phase map was then obtained from phase-stepping measurements using a continuous x-ray tube source in a small laboratory setting. The two phase maps were used to retrieve an electron density map. A comparison of the moire and phase-stepping phase-retrieval methods was performed to evaluate single-exposure plasma electron density mapping for high-energy density and other transient plasma experiments. It was found that a combination of phase-retrieval methods can deliver accurate refraction angle mapping. Once x-ray backlighter quality is optimized, the ex situ method is expected to deliver electron density mapping with improved resolution. The steps necessary for improved diagnostic performance are discussed.
Blood Flow Biomarkers Measured with Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Elucidate Mechanisms of Cognitive Dysfunction After Repetitive Concussion

Using non-invasive diffuse correlation spectroscopy measurements of cerebral blood flow, we identify an early functional biomarker of cognitive outcome after repetitive concussion, and we explore potential pathological mechanisms of cognitive deficits.
Using bivariate latent basis growth curve analysis to better understand treatment outcome in youth with anorexia nervosa.

Objective This study explored the relation between eating-related obsessionality and weight restoration utilizing bivariate latent basis growth curve modelling. Eating-related obsessionality is a moderator of treatment outcome for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). This study examined the degree to which the rate of change in eating-related obsessionality was associated with the rate of change in weight over time in family-based treatment (FBT) and individual therapy for AN. Method Data were drawn from a 2-site randomized controlled trial that compared FBT and adolescent focused therapy for AN. Bivariate latent basis growth curves were used to examine the differences of the relations between trajectories of body weight and symptoms associated with eating and weight obsessionality. Results In the FBT group, the slope of eating-related obsessionality scores and the slope of weight were significantly (negatively) correlated. This finding indicates that a decrease in overall eating-relating obsessionality is significantly associated with an increase in weight for individuals who received FBT. However, there was no relation between change in obsessionality scores and change in weight in the adolescent focused therapy group. Discussion Results suggest that FBT has a specific impact on both weight gain and obsessive compulsive behaviour that is distinct from individual therapy.
Glutamate is a fast excitatory transmitter at some buccal neuromuscular synapses in Aplysia.

Studies of the modulation of synaptic transmission in buccal muscle of Aplysiawere limited because the conventional fast transmitter used by a number of large buccal motor neurons was unknown. Most...
Die Wende der Philosophie: Wittgenstein’s New Logic of 1928

In 1930, Moritz Schlick, the unofficial leader of the Vienna Circle, published in the first number of their journal a short paper entitled “Die Wende der Philosophie” (Turning-point in philosophy).1 Yet another important turning point in philosophy had taken place in the same locale in 1928–29 when Ludwig Wittgenstein had begun to move away from the ideas of his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. In this paper, I shall be dealing with the latter turning-point, not the self-advertised Wende der Philosophie of the Vienna Circle.
Neuroanatomical Procedures and Terminology

The study of neuroanatomy is at once a descriptive system of classification and a dynamic field of scientific inquiry. There are probably many reasons for applying names and descriptions to the (initially) subtle variations of the texture of the brain, not the least of which is man’s apparently ancient penchant for naming and classifying the objects in his environment. But there are relatively few aspects of man’s environment that have been named and classified to such an extent as has the brain. It is, therefore, fair to question the reasons for this degree of attention.
Eye-tracking evidence shows that non-fit messaging impacts attention, attitudes and choice

When patients have strong initial attitudes about a medical intervention, they might not be open to learning new information when choosing whether or not to receive the intervention. We aim to show that non-fit messaging (messages framed in a manner that is incongruent with recipients' motivational orientation) can increase attention to the message content, thereby de-intensifying an initial attitude bias and reducing the influence of this bias on choice. In this study, 196 students received information about the pros and cons of a vaccine, framed in either a fit or non-fit manner with their motivational orientation. The results show that when information was presented in a non-fit (vs. fit) manner, the strength of participants' initial attitude was reduced. An eye-tracking procedure indicated that participants read information more thoroughly (measured by the average length of fixation time while reading) in the non-fit condition versus fit condition. This average time of fixation mediated the effect of message framing on the strength of people's attitudes. A reduction in attitude was associated with participants' ability to recall the given information correctly and make a choice consistent with the provided information. Non-fit messaging increases individuals' willingness to process information when individuals' pre-existing attitude biases might otherwise cause them to make uninformed decisions.
Evaluation of head-worn and head-up displays for use in enhanced flight vision system operations

Research, development, test, and evaluation of flight deck interface technologies is being conducted by NASA to proactively identify, develop, and mature tools, methods, and technologies for improving aviation safety of new and legacy vehicles operating in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). One specific area of research was the use of small head-worn displays (HWDs) to serve as a possible equivalent to a head-up display (HUD) for commercial aircraft. A simulation experiment was conducted to evaluate if the HWD can provide an equivalent level of performance to a HUD. Airline flight crews conducted simulated approach and landing operations during low visibility operations. The results showed that there were no statistical differences in flight crews’ performance in terms of flight technical error suggesting that the HWD may serve as an equivalent display to the HUD. Further, the HWD may have several advantages over a HUD making its adoption an attractive alternative for commercial flight deck implementation. Technical hurdles remain to be overcome for complete display equivalence including, most notably, the end-to-end latency of the HWD system. The results and conclusions taken from the results of the high fidelity simulation experiment are described and offer future research directions.
Transcriptome-Wide Analysis of Human Chondrocyte Expansion on Synoviocyte Matrix.

Human chondrocytes are expanded and used in autologous chondrocyte implantation techniques and are known to rapidly de-differentiate in culture. These chondrocytes, when cultured on tissue culture plastic (TCP), undergo both phenotypical and morphological changes and quickly lose the ability to re-differentiate to produce hyaline-like matrix. Growth on synoviocyte-derived extracellular matrix (SDECM) reduces this de-differentiation, allowing for more than twice the number of population doublings (PD) whilst retaining chondrogenic capacity. The goal of this study was to apply RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis to examine the differences between TCP-expanded and SDECM-expanded human chondrocytes. Human chondrocytes from three donors were thawed from primary stocks and cultured on TCP flasks or on SDECM-coated flasks at physiological oxygen tension (5%) for 4 passages. During log expansion, RNA was extracted from the cell layer (70–90% confluence) at passages 1 and 4. Total RNA was column-purified and DNAse-treated before quality control analysis and next-generation RNA sequencing. Significant effects on gene expression were observed due to both culture surface and passage number. These results offer insight into the mechanism of how SDECM provides a more chondrogenesis-preserving environment for cell expansion, the transcriptome-wide changes that occur with culture, and potential mechanisms for further enhancement of chondrogenesis-preserving growth.
Distal Parent Vessel Occlusion of 2 Superior Cerebellar Artery Fusiform Aneurysms: Report of 2 Cases and Literature Review.

Background Fusiform superior cerebellar artery (SCA) aneurysms are rare, and their management represents a technical challenge. In complex aneurysms, endovascular parent vessel occlusion of the SCA may be a treatment option. Here, we present 2 cases of fusiform SCA aneurysms, 1 ruptured and 1 unruptured, as well as our institution's management with parent vessel occlusion. We also provide a review of the literature. Cases Description Case 1: A 42-year-old male was transferred from an outside hospital with subarachnoid hemorrhage. On admission, the patient had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8, a Hunt and Hess grade 4, and a Fisher grade 4. A diagnostic angiogram demonstrated a right SCA fusiform lesion with proximal and distal dilatations of 1.45 mm and 5.35 mm long, respectively, likely representing a single dissecting pseudoaneurysm. The distal dilatation was coiled, resulting in parent vessel occlusion. The patient recovered clinically and was discharged in stable condition. Case 2: A 27-year-old female was transferred from an outside hospital due to a brainstem stroke. A diagnostic angiogram revealed an S2/S3 segment left SCA fusiform lesion, likely representing a dissecting aneurysm. The patient was neurologically intact at admission and managed conservatively. At the 2-month follow-up angiogram, the dissection had extended along the length of the SCA. Consequently, the patient underwent coil embolization of the distal left SCA. At the 6-month follow-up, the vessel remained obliterated and the patient's neurologic status had improved. Conclusions Endovascular coil embolization of fusiform SCA aneurysms offers a reasonable and safe treatment approach.
Sampling below the Nyquist density using spectral subtiles.

An image is assumed to have a spectrum zero outside of a defined support. To avoid aliasing, the replicated support due to sampling cannot overlap. The minimum sampling density corresponding to nonoverlapping supports is the Nyquist density. Replication often necessitate gaps. Support shapes that fill the frequency plane without gaps are tiles. We offer a strategy for achieving minimum sampling density when the spectrum is confined to a subtile. Cookie cutter versions of the subtile shape, when rotated, translated, and/or flipped, result in a tile. The composite signal can have symmetric redundancies that allow reduction of the sampling density to the area of the subtile. We analyze the cases for tiles with twofold point symmetry and mirror symmetry. Two subtiles are required to construct a tile. Threefold, fourfold, and sixfold symmetry is also considered. In the cases considered, the overall sampling density in terms of the samples’ required storage is reduced to the area of the support of the subtile.
Tourism-driven urbanisation in China's small town development: Yiren Town, China

The tourism industry has emerged as a new dynamic impetus for urbanisation in China. Many small towns in the peripheral regions of China are experiencing urbanisation, especially in places where distinctive tourist attractions are located. However, little has been done to explore the role of tourism real estate development in Chinese urbanisation and its consequences. This paper addresses this gap through examining the process of tourism-driven urbanisation as a development strategy of small towns in China. The role of tourism real estate and its socio-economic consequences are also explored. The findings from a case study of Yiren Town, Yunnan Province, Southwest China, which is a newly-built destination, reveal that tourism real estate development has transformed Yiren from a sleepy small town into a place with diverse real estate landscapes. The construction of replica old towns alongside leisure properties constitutes a new pattern of urbanisation, suggesting that tourism developers and policy-makers should reconsider the large-scale development of tourism real estate and its impacts on the environment and adjacent communities.
A precision medicine-based strategy for a severe adverse drug reaction

Detailed single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of skin and blood from a patient with DRESS, a severe adverse drug reaction, leads to a personalized, hypothesis-driven treatment.
Navigating the Climate: Perspectives of a Rural Music Educator

This chapter illuminates the story of “Beth,” a music teacher in the tiny rural community of High Plains, as she worked to adapt to the unique challenges presented in a place where she had little in common with residents. Beth described the distinctions between her worldview and that of her students, her developing perception of teacher role within the community, her sense of isolation and feelings as an outsider, and her expectations for a successful rural music program juxtaposed with intentions of various High Plains stakeholders. Ultimately, Beth recognized the growth such experiences brought to her sense of professional and personal self. She uncovered a desire to seek balance between her own goals as a music teacher and still meet the needs of a student population with limited resources and differing musical conceptions.
Treatment of the Velum

The soft palate or velum is a soft tissue structure involved in speech and swallowing. Many anatomic and neuromuscular diseases can modify its function and even small derangements can result in remarkable pathology. Recognizing these disorders requires special attention to velar signs and symptoms during the history and physical examination. Multiple testing modalities are commonly instituted in the office to aid in recognition of these pathologies, most commonly transnasal flexible endoscopy to recognize anatomic and functional changes in velopharyngeal competence and motion. Velar pathology can be grossly categorized as either hypofunctional velopharyngeal insufficiency or hyperfunctional spastic neuromuscular disorders. The former are commonly treated with surgical and procedural interventions to augment velopharyngeal closure while the latter are most often treated with botulinum toxin injection to modulate hyperfunctional muscular contractions. This chapter outlines the basics of diagnosis, testing, and treatment of velar pathology.
Fabrication of Nanoporous Membranes for Knudsen Pump Using Glancing Angle Deposition

This paper reports a novel way for creating nanoporous polymer membranes using GLancing Angle Deposition (GLAD). The size, shape and density of the GLAD features are controlled with high flexibility. The GLAD films are used as nanotemplates and converted into nanopores within a polymer membrane. In our experiment, free-standing nanoporous membranes are fabricated with nanometer-level hydraulic diameter and a high porosity. The membranes exhibit notable performance when used for a Knudsen pump. GLAD nanotemplating is an excellent candidate for fabricating tailored nanoporous polymer membranes for applications such as Knudsen pumps and other nanofluidic systems.
Perceived Usefulness and Easiness of Information and Communication Technologies and Volunteering among Older Adults.

This study investigates the association between older adults’ perception of usefulness and easiness (PUE) of Information Communication and Technologies (ICTs) and volunteering, and if this associat...
ERK and Akt exhibit distinct signaling responses following stimulation by pro-angiogenic factors.

Angiogenesis plays an important role in the survival of tissues, as blood vessels provide oxygen and nutrients required by the resident cells. Thus, targeting angiogenesis is a prominent strategy in many different settings, including both tissue engineering and cancer treatment. However, not all of the approaches that modulate angiogenesis lead to successful outcomes. Angiogenesis-based therapies primarily target pro-angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in isolation, and there is a limited understanding of how these promoters combine together to stimulate angiogenesis. Targeting one pathway could be insufficient, as alternative pathways may compensate, diminishing the overall effect of the treatment strategy. To gain mechanistic insight and identify novel therapeutic strategies, we have developed a detailed mathematical model to quantitatively characterize the crosstalk of FGF and VEGF intracellular signaling. The model focuses on FGF- and VEGF-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling to promote cell proliferation and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway, which promotes cell survival and migration. We fit the model to published experimental datasets that measure phosphorylated extracellular regulated kinase (pERK) and Akt (pAkt) upon FGF or VEGF stimulation. We validate the model with separate sets of data. We apply the trained and validated mathematical model to characterize the dynamics of pERK and pAkt in response to the mono- and co-stimulation by FGF and VEGF. The model predicts that for certain ranges of ligand concentrations, the maximum pERK level is more responsive to changes in ligand concentration compared to the maximum pAkt level. Also, the combination of FGF and VEGF indicates a greater effect in increasing the maximum pERK compared to the summation of individual effects, which is not seen for maximum pAkt levels. In addition, our model identifies the influential species and kinetic parameters that specifically modulate the pERK and pAkt responses, which represent potential targets for angiogenesis-based therapies. Overall, the model predicts the combination effects of FGF and VEGF stimulation on ERK and Akt quantitatively and provides a framework to mechanistically explain experimental results and guide experimental design. Thus, this model can be utilized to study the effects of pro- and anti-angiogenic therapies that particularly target ERK and/or Akt activation upon stimulation with FGF and VEGF.
Divisive, polarising, or energising? Primary election competition and candidate performance in U.S. congressional elections

How do primary elections influence general election outcomes? The conventional wisdom in American Politics predicts a ‘primary penalty’ that harms a party or candidate’s chances of winning the ensuing general election. I present and test an alternative theory inspired by comparative studies of Latin America: primary election competition results in a ‘primary bonus’ which may make candidates more likely to win the general election that follows. Despite potential for polarisation and divisiveness, robust primary competition encourages campaigns to professionalise and mobilise voters, weeds out unfit candidates, and provides a testing ground for messages and policies. Furthermore, the nature of the primary electorate and incumbency advantage may mitigate the proposed sources of the penalty. Analysis of data collected from multiple sources on all U.S. congressional elections (2008–2016) lends strong support to the Primary Bonus hypothesis. Primary elections strengthen candidates for the general election, contrary to extant theories in American politics. This study is the first to find a primary bonus in U.S. congressional elections.
Retinal Manifestations of Incontinentia Pigmenti: A Case Series of 14 Patients Highlighting the Importance of Intravenous Fluorescein Angiography and the Benefits of Early Laser Photocoagulation:

Purpose:This case series describes the nature and frequency of retinal manifestations in patients with incontinentia pigmenti (IP).Methods:This is a retrospective single-center case series of all k...
Quantifying Homologous Proteins and Proteoforms.

Many proteoforms–arising from alternative splicing, post-translational modifications (PTM), or paralogous genes–have distinct biological functions, such as histone PTM proteoforms. However, their quantification by existing bottom-up mass-spectrometry (MS) methods is undermined by peptide-specific biases. To avoid these biases, we developed and implemented a first-principles model (HIquant) for quantifying proteoform stoichiometries. We characterized when MS data allow inferring proteoform stoichiometries by HIquant and derived an algorithm for optimal inference. We applied this algorithm to infer proteoform stoichiometries in two experimental systems that supported rigorous bench-marking: alkylated proteoforms spiked-in at known ratios and endogenous histone 3 PTM proteoforms quantified relative to internal heavy standards. When compared with the benchmarks, the proteoform stoichiometries interfered by HIquant without using external standards had relative error of 5–15% for simple proteoforms and 20–30% for complex proteoforms. A HIquant server is implemented at: https://web.northeastern.edu/slavov/2014_HIquant/
Gene and cell therapy

Abstract This chapter introduces the basic principle, up-to-date overview, and clinical application of gene and cell therapy. It starts with a preface with a brief introduction on gene and cell therapy about their definition, difference, and correlation. The second part is devoted to gene therapy, focusing on gene therapy strategies (replacement, addition, silencing, and editing), viral and nonviral delivery technologies, and most recent developments on human gene therapy. The third part is dedicated to cell therapy, involving sources of stem cells, summary of current stem cell-based therapy and immune cell-based therapy, and the advances in clinical application. By the end of the chapter a full discussion of progress and perspective is included to illustrate the lessons, ethical issues, and marketing of gene and cell therapy.
“Why didn’t I know this?”: Land education as an antidote to settler colonialism in early childhood teacher education

Settler Colonialism is marked by the permanent move of mostly European settlers into other territories that requires the ongoing displacement and/or elimination of Indigenous peoples, the enslaveme...
Pastoralisme et violence en Afrique du Nord et de l'Ouest

Cette etude examine l’evolution geographique et temporelle de la violence impliquant les communautes pastorales. Elle s’appuie sur l’analyse de plus de 36 000 evenements violents en Afrique du Nord et de l’Ouest entre janvier 1997 et avril 2020 dans lesquels 206 groupes pastoraux ont ete impliques, pour identifier au niveau regional des schemas plus larges de violence pastorale au cours des deux dernieres decennies. Celle-ci s’est intensifiee dans la region, comme en temoigne la forte croissance du nombre d’evenements et de victimes cette derniere decennie. Une comprehension plus fine du role des pasteurs au regard de cette violence devient cruciale pour des politiques plus efficaces, menant vers une paix durable.
Desiring Empire: The Colonial Violence of “Hijab Pornography”

The exploitation of the hijab in fetish images and pornographic films invites the consumer to explore their colonial fantasies and to ponder the raced conceptions of Muslim women and men. The fetishization of the hijab, niqab, and burqa signals this racialization; this new racism depends not only on epidermalization, but on ethnicity, geography, and culture. It is these fetishized forms of religious symbology which invite the epistemic violence of the imperial gaze, as they do with their facilitation of the male gaze. This work seeks to uncover the imbrication of the manufacture of desire in globalist politics, while also confronting the gendered, classed, and raced dimensions of the colonial imaginary. It examines how pornographic images and film equally exploit the violent Muslim man trope and, its converse, the emancipated Muslim woman trope to perform submission for the Western consumer, and subjugate Muslim bodies, minds, and labor.
Using Other Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Techniques to Measure Efficiency When Data Envelopment Analysis Fails

In this article, we show an example of data envelopment analysis that does not provide us with efficiencies based on the same selection of inputs and outputs that were provided by the decision maker. Therefore, we select another multi-attribute decision making tool such as TOPSIS. TOPSIS is modified to calculate “efficiency” and we use entropy weighting method in order to use all the inputs and outputs in our efficiency decision process. Our case study is applied to an example of sensor procurement within the Internet of Things.
Positioning, Categorization Processes, and Low-Involvement Shopping

Marketers try to communicate a brand’s position using various methods. One such tactic may be to, literally, position the brand in a particular aisle of a store. The proximity of various products may spontaneously encourage categorizations which allows consumers several advantages, including purchasing complementary items and making comparisons and substitutions. These categorization processes may in turn influence consumers’ perceptions of important and unimportant attributes and, consequently, brand attitudes. In this paper we experimentally test these propositions. After selecting products that have equal likelihood of being categorized in more than one category, the first part of the experiment utilizes the multiattribute model to examine how the location of a product near other items primes a particular categorization, which in turn influences attribute importance weights and evaluations. In the second part of the experiment, we investigate whether recency of a primed categorization influences attribute importance weights and product evaluations. Multiple product categories and measures are employed to test the above issues. Implications for store managers and retail decision makers are discussed within the categorization framework.
Salicylates inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced transcriptional activation of the tissue factor gene in human monocytic cells

Binding of plasma Factor VII/VIIa to the tissue factor (TF) receptor initiates the coagulation protease cascades. TF expression by circulating monocytes is associated with thrombotic and inflammatory complications in a variety of diseases. Transcriptional activation of the human TF gene in monocytic cells exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is mediated by binding of c-Rel/p65 heterodimers to a kappa B site in the TF promoter. Here, we report that a family of anti-inflammatory agents, known as the salicylates, inhibited LPS induction of TF activity and TF gene transcription in human monocytes and monocytic THP-1 cells at clinically relevant doses. Furthermore, sodium salicylate blocked the LPS-induced proteolytic degradation of I kappa B alpha, which prevented the nuclear translocation of c-Rel/p65 heterodimers. In contrast, two other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen and indomethacin, did not inhibit LPS induction of the TF gene. These results indicated that salicylates inhibited LPS induction of TF gene transcription in monocytic cells by preventing nuclear translocation of c-Rel/p65 heterodimers. The clinical benefits of salicylates in the treatment of several diseases, including atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, may be related to their ability to reduce monocyte gene expression.
Remarks on the concept of dispersion in a curved linac

A next-generation linear collider is expected to span tens of kilometers in length. For various reasons, it may be desirable to house such an accelerator in a tunnel that follows the earth's curvature rather that in a 'laser-straight' tunnel. One side effect of opting for a curved linac is the introduction of vertical dispersion. In recent years, much work has been dedicated to understand and evaluate the impact of the presence of dispersion on emittance preservation. While performing simulations with our in-house code (CHEF) we observed a discrepancy between the dispersion function it produces and that computed using other codes in use within the accelerator community. Understanding the origin and the meaning of this discrepancy required a re-examination of the meaning of the concept of dispersion in the context of a linac. The object of this note is to document our findings. We establish that the default dispersion algorithm used by CHEF corresponds to a different, and ultimately more appropriate, definition of the dispersion in presence of acceleration. Not surprisingly, a consistent definition of dispersion restores agreement between codes.