cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A FOLLOW-UP INVESTIGATION OF “TEACHING PRESENCE” IN THE SUNY LEARNING NETWORK

This paper is a follow-up study to a preliminary investigation of teaching presence in the State University of New York Learning Network (SLN). In the present studywe review ongoing issues of pedagogy and faculty development, and their relationship to student satisfaction, and reported learning in SLN. We provide an overview of the SLN program,and summarize a conceptual framework for our current research on higher education, online learning environments. This framework integrates research on how people learn, with principles of good practice in higher education and recent research on learning in asynchronous learning networks (ALNs) in higher education. We also present resultsof a follow-up study on one aspect of the model, “Teaching Presence”. The SUNY Learning Network is a proud recipient of two Sloan-C Awards, the 2001 Award for Excellence in ALN Faculty Development and the 2002 Award for Excellence in ALN Programming. We believe that it is no coincidence that SLN was recognized in this order; that is to say, we feel our efforts to create a systematic faculty development program has allowed us to create an outstanding program of online courses and degrees. A clear vision regarding the prerequisites for a high quality online learning environment, especially prerequisites related to faculty development, is essential to building effective ALN programs. As this special edition of JALN is dedicated to such efforts we would like to focus on our model for learning environments design and share results of research on specific aspects of the model. In past studies we have argued that student-faculty and student-student interaction are among the variables most strongly correlated with student satisfaction and reported learning. In the present study, we focus on one aspect of our model for online learning environments and examine interaction more deeply. Building upon the work of Anderson and colleagues we examine the kinds of activities that comprise and sustain productive interaction. These researchers have categorized interactions that occur in asynchronous learning environments that encourage knowledge creation and identify online behaviors and processes that approximate (and may improve upon) those that occur in face-to-face settings. We look at a key element of their work, “teaching presence,” and present results of a follow-up study examining students’ perceptions of this constellation of online faculty behaviors. We also identify the components of teaching presence that correlate most highly with student satisfaction and reported learning.
A Machine Learning Approach for Classifying Ischemic Stroke Onset Time From Imaging

Current clinical practice relies on clinical history to determine the time since stroke (TSS) onset. Imaging-based determination of acute stroke onset time could provide critical information to clinicians in deciding stroke treatment options, such as thrombolysis. The patients with unknown or unwitnessed TSS are usually excluded from thrombolysis, even if their symptoms began within the therapeutic window. In this paper, we demonstrate a machine learning approach for TSS classification using routinely acquired imaging sequences. We develop imaging features from the magnetic resonance (MR) images and train machine learning models to classify the TSS. We also propose a deep-learning model to extract hidden representations for the MR perfusion-weighted images and demonstrate classification improvement by incorporating these additional deep features. The cross-validation results show that our best classifier achieved an area under the curve of 0.765, with a sensitivity of 0.788 and a negative predictive value of 0.609, outperforming existing methods. We show that the features generated by our deep-learning algorithm correlate with the MR imaging features, and validate the robustness of the model on imaging parameter variations (e.g., year of imaging). This paper advances magnetic resonance imaging analysis one-step-closer to an operational decision support tool for stroke treatment guidance.
Identifying Patterns of Adverse Events of Solid Organ Transplantation Through Departmental Case Reviews.

Abstract The best approach to adverse-event review in solid organ transplantation is unknown. We initiated a departmental case review (DCR) method based on root-cause analysis methods in a high-volume multiorgan transplant center. We aimed to describe this process and its contributions to process improvement. Methods Using our prospectively maintained transplant center quality portfolio, we performed a retrospective review of a 30-month period (October 26, 2015, to May 14, 2018) after DCR-process initiation at our center. We used univariate statistics to identify counts of adverse events, DCRs, death and graft-loss events, and quality improvement action-plan items identified during case review. We evaluated variation among organ groups in action-plan items, associated phase of transplant care, and quality improvement theme. Results Over 30 months, we performed 1449 transplant and living donor procedures with a total of 45 deaths and 31 graft losses; 91 DCRs were performed (kidney transplant n=43; liver transplant n=24; pancreas transplant n=10; heart transplant n=6; lung transplant n=3; living donor n=5). Seventy-nine action-plan items were identified across improvement domains, including errors in clinical decision making, communication, compliance, documentation, selection, waitlist management, and administrative processes. Median time to review was 83 days and varied significantly by program. Median time to action-plan item completion was 9 weeks. Clinical decision making in the pretransplant phase was identified as an improvement opportunity in all programs. Conclusions DCRs provide a robust approach to transplant adverse-event review. Quality improvement targets and domains may vary based on adverse-event profiles.
That’s What “Generation We” Said? - The Office Enables Active Learning and Improved Retention in the Modern Human Resource Management Classroom

This research examines the use of popular media in curriculum to engage undergraduate students. It discusses opportunities and challenges faced by educators who use popular television media as a pr...
Some suprasegmental characteristics of relative clauses in English

Abstract: Early investigations of the suprasegmental characteristics of relative clauses in English depended primarily on the intuitions of the analyst or on his perception of intonation contours. More recent studies have overlooked what may be significant variables affecting the suprasegmental characteristics of relative clauses. In contrast, the present study attempts: (1) to identify suprasegmental characteristics of relative clauses through spectrographic analysis; (2) to determine the effects of variations in clause type (restrictive/nonrestrictive), word order (SVO/OSV), and relative pronouns (who(m)/that/∅) on intonation; (3) to determine if predictable characteristics of relative clauses are a function of underlying or surface syntactic structure. Two speakers of American English produced the sentence: Gigolos who prefer blondes are fickle and all grammatical permutations of the relative clause within it, in three conditions, for a total of 60 tokens. From spectrograms of each token, three measurements were made: pitch fluctuation and vowel length in the head NP of the clause and in the last word in the clause, and the pause length preceding and following the clause. The results suggest three conclusions: (1) relative clauses exhibit systematic suprasegmental features which can be described in terms of pitch, vowel length, and pause length; (2) clause type and word order are the major determinants of suprasegmental variations; (3) these variations are determined by underlying structure, not by surface structure.
Initiating the Conversation of Oncofertility: The Creation of a Dedicated BMT Oncofertility Nurse Coordinator in the Transplant and Cellular Therapy Patient Population

Topic Significance & Study Purpose/Background/Rationale Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation face a high risk of infertility. Despite existing ASCO, ASRM and NCCN fertility preservation guidelines, as many as 68% of oncology patients report that fertility was not discussed prior to or during therapy. Since infertility in survivorship is known to increase distress and contribute to decreased quality of life, upfront oncofertility discussions must be more embedded into our programmatic education. To increase the prevalence and depth of fertility preservation counseling among Blood and Marrow Transplant (BMT) and cellular therapy patients, the BMT oncofertility coordinator role was developed. Methods, Intervention, & Analysis Two BMT advance practice providers and one transplant coordinator completed the ECHO (Enriching Communication Skills for Health Professionals in Oncofertility) training program through the Moffitt Cancer Center to deepen knowledge of oncofertility in our patient population. Through multidisciplinary working groups with institutional fertility specialists, the BMT team developed an algorithm and standardized workflow. A BMT oncofertility coordinator role was developed to ensure each BMT patient of reproductive age receives individual reproductive counseling, options to preserve, a same day referral to reproductive endocrinology, and support through complex coordination of care and financial support services once a fertility treatment option has been determined. If fertility preservation is not possible, the coordinator provides the information and counseling that increase patients' quality of life before, during and after cancer treatment. Findings & Interpretation Between September 2018 and September 2019, in the first year of this service the oncofertility coordinator has consulted with 102 patients of reproductive age. This role has assisted in addressing critical timeframes ensuring prompt referral to fertility preservation, access to fertility resources, as well as ensuring documentation of fertility preservation discussions in the medical record. Discussion & Implications The role of the BMT oncofertility coordinator has increased access to supportive oncofertility care at the time of cancer diagnosis for both BMT patients and patients across the health system as other clinics have begun consulting the BMT oncofertility coordinator. Increased awareness of the oncofertility services available is needed to ensure all patients of reproductive age are aware of their options for fertility preservation and are given the opportunity to have the family they may desire.
Combined intracavitary and external beam irradiation for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: an alternative to cystectomy for patients with recurrence after intravesical chemotherapy

AbstractA total of 17 patients with superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder underwent treatment with pelvic external beam irradiation followed by an intracavitary 137cesium implant via a triple lumen Foley catheter. Of these patients 11 had recurrent and multifocal superficial cancer, with 8 having relapse after prior intravesical chemotherapy. External beam doses of 3,600 to 5,066cGy. were followed by implant doses delivering 2,000 to 3,200cGy. to the bladder mucosa, with the sum of external and intracavitary doses totaling 6,500 to 7,500cGy. Of 15 patients evaluable with a median followup of 48 months, and including 13 followed for more than 2 years, 11 (73 per cent) remain free of disease, 3 (20 per cent) have recurrence in the bladder but have retained the bladder and only 1 has required cystectomy. All 4 failures occurred in the subgroup of 8 patients who had received prior intravesical chemotherapy. This bladder-sparing approach is well tolerated, is an alternative to cystectomy in pa...
Chapter 122 – Honeydew

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses honeydew, which is a sugar-rich liquid released from the anus of some phloem sap-feeding insects of the hemipteran suborders Sternorrhyncha and Auchenorrhyncha. It consists principally of the residue of ingested phloem sap after digestion and assimilation in the insect gut, but it also contains waste products of insect metabolism eliminated via the gut. Honeydew deposited onto plant or other surfaces is an important source of energy-rich food for other animals, including some flies, parasitoids, ants, and microorganisms, and is used as a foraging cue by predators and parasitoids of these insects.The fluid that comprises honeydew accumulates in the rectum and is then ejected as a single droplet via the anus at fairly regular intervals, usually once every 15–40 min. Both the volume of each droplet and the frequency of production are influenced by many factors, including aphid age, size, species, and host plant. Honeydew production can be substantial, in tree cabopies amounting to 30–70 g carbon m–2 in a season. Many insects in several orders, including Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Neuroptera, feed on honeydew that has fallen onto plant or other surfaces.
Ictal central apneas in temporal lobe epilepsies.

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of the study was to examine the frequency and characteristics of ictal central apnea (ICA) in a selective cohort of patients with mesial or neocortical temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) undergoing surface video-electroencephalography (EEG) and multimodal recording of cardiorespiratory parameters. Methods We retrospectively screened 453 patients who underwent EEG in a single center including nasal airflow measurements, respiratory inductance plethysmography of thoracoabdominal excursions, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, and electrocardiography. Patients with confirmed TLE subtype, either by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions limited to the temporal neocortex or mesial structures and concordant neurophysiologic data, or patients who underwent invasive explorations were included. Results Ictal central apnea frequency and characteristics were analyzed in 41 patients with 164 seizures that had multimodal respiratory monitoring. The total occurrence of ICA in all seizures in this cohort was 79.9%. No significant difference was seen between mesial and neocortical temporal lobe seizures (79.8% and 80.0%, respectively). Ictal central apnea preceded EEG onset by 13 ± 11 s in 33.3% of seizures and was the first clinical sign by 18 ± 14 s in 48.7%. Longer ICA duration trended towards a more severe degree of hypoxemia. Conclusions In a selective cohort of TLE defined by MRI lesion and/or intracranial recordings, the frequency of ICA was higher than previously reported in the literature. Multimodal respiratory monitoring has localizing value and is generally well tolerated. Ictal central apnea preceded both EEG on scalp recordings as well as clinical seizure onset in a substantial number of patients. Respiratory monitoring and ICA detection is even more paramount during invasive monitoring to confirm that the recorded seizure onset is seen before the first clinical sign.
Re-Envisioning Peacekeeping @ 20: New Provocations in Critical World Order Studies

In this Introduction, I discuss the motivations underlying this Special Issue in honor of the 20th Anniversary of Francois Debrix’s Re-Envisioning Peacekeeping: The United Nations and the Mobilization of Ideology. Highlighting the contextual relevance of the text, I discuss the role Debrix’s work has played in the broader interrogation of disciplinary logics within the field of International Relations and beyond, as discussed by the accompanying essays. Specifically, I point to the book’s critique of economic moralism, the simulation of order, and ever-increasing virtuality of politics in the context of U.S. higher education’s transformations during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Comparison of the Parkinson's KinetiGraph to off/on levodopa response testing: Single center experience.

Abstract Background and objective Levodopa off/on testing is frequently performed to assess medication response in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) as an aid in determining best medical management or potential surgical candidacy. The Parkinson’s Kinetigraph (PKG) is a wearable device which generates tremor, bradykinesia (BKS) and dyskinesia (DKS) scores representing motor symptoms over a six-day period. In this study, we compared off/on testing with PKG motor scores. Methods Patients were enrolled as part of an observational study: Assessing the Longitudinal Signs in PD, a three-year study evaluating clinical and biomarker evolution in patients with PD taking levodopa. Patients underwent off/on testing at baseline and 6-month visits. A greater than 30% improvement between off and on MDS-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale scores was considered a robust response. After each visit, patients wore the PKG for 6 days. A bradykinesia score (BKS) greater than 26 and dyskinesia score (DKS) greater than 9 were considered poorly controlled bradykinesia and dyskinesia, respectively. Results The median BKS at the baseline and 6-month visits were 27.15 and 27.55, respectively, despite a robust median off/on improvement at both visits. In addition, 10/18 (66%) and 7/13 (53.8%) patients with robust off/on improvement at the baseline and 6-month visits, respectively, demonstrated a BKS > 26 or DKS > 9. Conclusion A robust off/on response during a clinic visit does not necessarily reflect adequately controlled motor symptoms. The PKG, by virtue of its continuous recording of motor movements, may provide additional clinically relevant data on motor symptoms which may be useful for prospective observational studies.
Application of Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Clinically Meaningful Improvement After Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background:Understanding specific risk profiles for each patient and their propensity to experience clinically meaningful improvement after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is impor...
Evaluation of staging criteria for disposition and airway intervention in emergency department angioedema patients.

Aim Angioedema is a nonpitting edema that can lead to death secondary to airway obstruction. Previously, a staging system based on localization of the angioedema was proposed for risk stratification of likelihood of need for admission or airway intervention. This study aims to evaluate a staging system based on angioedema localization as a method of predicting need for admission or airway intervention. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of angioedema cases that presented to an academic emergency department (ED) from August 1, 2006, to January 31, 2018. Data were collected on location of swelling, treatment setting, and medical and procedural interventions. Cases were categorized by modified Ishoo criteria, defined as follows: 1, lips, face, periorbital, extremities, total body/diffuse swelling; 2, soft palate, posterior pharynx; 3, tongue; 4, larynx. Predictive probability of disposition by stage was then compared. Results A total of 320 patients were included in this study (median age, 44 years; 54.4% female). Stage 4 was more likely to require intensive care unit care without (probability 17%) and with (67%) airway intervention compared with stage 1 without (2.5%) and with (0.1%) airway intervention. Conversely, stage 1 was more likely to be treated in ED and discharged (85%) compared with stage 4 (0%). Stage 4 was also more likely to require airway intervention (67%) compared with other stages (1, 0.1%; 2, 8.6%; 3, 16%). Conclusion Higher-stage patients were more likely to require higher levels of care and airway intervention. Thus, the staging system appears to be a valid method of predicting risk among ED angioedema patients.
CP violation in single top quark production and decay via p{bar p}{r_arrow}t{bar b}+X{r_arrow}W{sup +}b{bar b}+X within the MSSM: A possible application for measuring arg(A{sub t}) at hadron colliders

$\mathrm{CP}$-nonconserving effects in the reaction $p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}t\overline{b}+\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{X}{W}^{+}b\overline{b}+X$, driven by the supersymmetric $\mathrm{CP}$-odd phase of the top squark trilinear soft breaking term $\mathrm{arg}{(A}_{t})$, are studied. We discuss the $\mathrm{CP}$-nonconserving effects in both production and the associated decay amplitudes of the top quark. We find that, within a plausible low energy scenario of the MSSM and keeping the neutron electric dipole moment below its current limit, a $\mathrm{CP}$-violating cross-section asymmetry as large as $2\ensuremath{-}3%$ can arise if some of the parameters lie in a favorable range. A partial rate asymmetry originating only in the top quark decay $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{t}{W}^{+}b$ is found to be, in general, below the $0.1%$ level which is somewhat smaller than previous claims. For a low $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}$ of order one the decay asymmetry can reach at the most $\ensuremath{\sim}0.3%$. This (few) percent level overall $\mathrm{CP}$-violating signal in $p\overline{p}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}t\overline{b}+\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{X}{W}^{+}b\overline{b}+X$ might be within the reach of the future 2(4) TeV $p\overline{p}$ Fermilab Tevatron collider that may be able to produce $\ensuremath{\sim}10000$ $(\ensuremath{\sim}30000)$ such $t\overline{b}$ events with an integrated luminosity of 30 fb${}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. In particular, it may be used to place an upper bound on $\mathrm{arg}{(A}_{t})$ if indeed $\mathrm{arg}(\ensuremath{\mu})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, as implied from the present experimental limit on the neutron electric dipole moment. The partial rate asymmetry in the top quark decay $(\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{few}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3})$ may also be within the reach of the CERN LHC with $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{7}$ pairs of $t\overline{t}$ produced, provided detector systematics are sufficiently small. We also show that if the GUT scale universality of the soft breaking trilinear $A$ terms is relaxed, then the phases associated with $\mathrm{arg}{(A}_{u})$ and $\mathrm{arg}{(A}_{d})$ can take values up to $\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{few}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ even with squarks and gluino masses of several hundred GeV's without contradicting the experimental limit on the neutron electric dipole moment.
R-STaR destination-location privacy schemes in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can provide the world with a technology for real-time event monitoring for both military and civilian applications. One of the primary concerns that hinder the successful deployment of wireless sensor networks is providing adequate location privacy. Many protocols have been proposed to provide location privacy but most are based on public-key cryptosystems, while others are either energy inefficient or have certain security flaws. In this paper, after analyzing security weakness of the existing schemes, we propose an architecture that addresses the security flaw for destination location privacy in WSNs based on energy-aware two phase routing protocol. We call this scheme the R-STaR routing protocol. In the first routing phase of R-STaR routing, the source node transmits the the message to a randomly selected intermediate node located in a pre-determined region surrounding the source node, which we call the R-STaR area. In the second routing phase, the message is routed to the destination node using shortest path mix with fake message injections. We show that R-STaR routing provides a exceptional balance between security and energy consumption in comparison to existing well-known proposed schemes.
Public informatics resources for rice and other grasses

As an emerging model system, rice will benefit from an informatics infrastructure which organizes genome data and makes it available worldwide. RiceGenes and other Internet-accessible resources are evolving to meet these goals. Grass crops such as rice, maize, millet, sorghum and wheat are closely related but are represented by independent database projects; interlinking these resources would create a broad view of grass genetics and make it easier to compare data across genomes. The future success of grass informatics depends on the development of new comparative mapping displays as well as the participation of the research community in assembling and curating comparative map data.
Estimating the Value of Source Verification in Iowa Feeder Cattle Markets

Source verification and pooling of feeder cattle into larger lots resulted in higher selling prices compared to more typical sales at a southern Iowa auction market. After higher prices due to larger lot sizes were accounted for, cattle that received a specified management program and were source verified as to origin received additional price premiums. The data do not distinguish between the value of the specific management program and the value of the source verification process. However, cow–calf producers participating in the program took home more money.
Teaching Empathy Through Simulation Exercises - A Guide and Sample Problem Set

For over a decade, legal educators (particularly clinical faculty) have argued for the importance of teaching empathy as a critical component of legal education. Both the Carnegie Report and the Best Practices study have emphasized that legal education's instruction in skills - including lawyer-client relationship skills - requires greater attention. While some might argue that empathy is a skill that cannot be taught outside the context of clinical representation of clients, this simulation problem proceeds from the assumption that empathetic understanding of the client's situation is a skill that can be addressed in a variety of settings. Indeed, if empathy is left unaddressed in the classroom, legal education may further the divide of mind and heart and leave students with a message that what they learn in the classroom is an intellectual exercise of little real relevance to what they will do as an attorney.Professional responsibility courses are an especially appropriate classroom in which to address empathetic understanding of the client, as a key component in exploring the attorney-client relationship and the attorney's duty of communication. This role play is designed in the context of a bar admission problem. While the problem can be used to explore the substantive standards for admission to practice or the impact of law regarding disabilities on that process, the primary goal of this exercise is to explore how it feels to be a client. By placing the students in the role of a law student bar applicant - a situation that nearly every law student can imagine - the role play makes it easier for students to internalize the feelings and perspectives of the client. The role play includes instructions for attorney and client, documentary evidence, and a research memorandum on applicable law. Also included is an edited version of the actual case which is a basis for the problem.
Manganese-Resistant Mutants of Escherichia coli: Physiological and Genetic Studies

Manganese is growth inhibitory for Escherichia coli. The manganese concentration required for inhibition is dependent upon the magnesium concentration of the medium. Mutants have been isolated which are partially resistant to manganese inhibition in both liquid and solid media. From conjugation experiments, the genetic locus for manganese-resistance, mng, appears to be between 34 and 37 min on the E. coli genetic map. Experiments with radioactive 28Mg lead to the tentative conclusion that the mng mutants are altered in the inhibition constant for manganese as a competitive inhibitor for the mangnesium accumulation system. Once high manganese enters the cells, it displaces internal magnesium and leads to a net cellular loss and hence growth inhibition. The mng mutants are somewhat less subject to manganese-induced magnesium loss under comparable conditions than are manganese-sensitive wild-type cells.
Sulfation of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoprotein.

Abstract Sulfation is a posttranslational modification of proteins which occurs on either the tyrosine residues or the carbohydrate moieties of some glycoproteins. In the case of secretory proteins, sulfation has been hypothesized to act as a signal for export from the cell. We have shown that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein precursor (gp160) as well as the surface (gp120) and transmembrane (gp41) subunits can be specifically labelled with 35SO42-. Sulfated HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins were identified in H9 cells infected with the IIIB isolate of HIV-1 and in the cell lysates and culture media of cells infected with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing a full-length or truncated, secreted form of the HIV-1 gp160 gene. N-glycosidase F digestion of 35SO4(2-)-labelled envelope proteins removed virtually all radiolabel from gp160, gp120, and gp41, indicating that sulfate was linked to the carbohydrate chains of the glycoprotein. The 35SO42-label was at least partially resistant to endoglycosidase H digestion, indicating that some sulfate was linked to complex carbohydrates. Brefeldin A, a compound that inhibits the endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport of glycoproteins, was found to inhibit the sulfation of the envelope glycoproteins. Envelope glycoproteins synthesized in cells treated with chlorate failed to incorporate 35SO42-. However, HIV glycoproteins were still secreted from cells in the presence of chlorate, indicating that sulfation is not a requirement for secretion of envelope glycoproteins. Sulfation of HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus envelope glycoproteins has also been demonstrated by using vaccinia virus-based expression systems. Sulfation is a major determinant of negative charge and could play a role in biological functions and antigenic properties of HIV glycoproteins.
Neuroimaging of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Effects on the Brain

Brain imaging can tell us a lot about how transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) affects the brain, and it can also help us guide and deliver TMS in more precise ways. For example, one can use stru
Ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy of coherently vibrating crystals and molecules

It has recently become possible to carry out time-resolved observations of coherent vibrational motion in many types of medium through impulsive stimulated scattering (ISS). Transverse and longitudinal acoustic phonons can be coherently excited and probed with picosecond pulses in impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering (ISBS),1 while coherent optic phonons and low-frequency molecular vibrations can be generated and monitored with femtosecond pulses in impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS).2
Adaptations of young adult rat cortical bone to 14 days of spaceflight.

To determine whether mature humeral cortical bone would be modified significantly by an acute exposure to weightlessness, adult rats (110 days old) were subjected to 14 days of microgravity on the COSMOS 2044 biosatellite. There were no significant changes in peak force, stiffness, energy to failure, and displacement at failure in the flight rats compared with ground-based controls. Concentrations and contents of hydroxyproline, calcium, and mature stable hydroxylysylpyridinoline and lysylpyridinoline collagen cross-links remained unchanged after spaceflight. Bone lengths, cortical and endosteal areas, and regionl thicknesses showed no significant differences between flight animals and ground controls. The findings suggest that responsiveness of cortical bone to microgravity is less pronounced in adult rats than in previous spaceflight experiments in which young growing animals were used. It is hypothesized that 14 days of spaceflight may not be sufficient to impact the biochemical and biomechanical properties of cortical bone in the mature rat skeleton.
Central leptin sensitization of angiotensin II-induced hypertension (858.3)

Obesity has been associated with selective leptin resistance whereby the anorexic effect of leptin is attenuated, but its action to increase sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) and blood pressure (B...
Zulay, Facing the 21st Century.

Zulay, Facing the 21st century. 1993. Film by Jorge Preloran. Mabel Preloran. and Zulay Saravino. 108 min. Color. Purchase $11295 in 16 mm, $150 in Video; rental $75 (16mm) and $55 (video). Distributed By Preloran, 4834 Maytime Lane, Culver City, ca 90230; phone and fax (310) 837-9916.
Ecological Features of Preschools and the Social Engagement of Children With Autism

One way to support the social engagement of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is by identifying features of natural environments that increase the likelihood of social interaction. This descriptive study was an examination of the (a) social engagement of 68 preschoolers with ASD in classrooms, (b) ecological features of classrooms that promoted social engagement, and (c) relationships between social engagement and ecological features using the Code for Active Student Participation and Engagement–Revised, an ecobehavioral observational system. Overall, children without ASD were most likely to be socially engaged with peers in the Books and Food/Snack classroom areas, when participating in book or large motor behaviors, in small groups with peers or large groups with an adult, and during child-initiated activities. Implications for practice and future research are highlighted.
Truth in psychiatry: Need for a pluralogue

Results: Methodological pluralism must become standard practice in a psychiatry that aspires to stature as a scientific and humanistic discipline. The boundaries of such pluralism are constrained in ways that were first elaborated by Karl Jaspers and can be re-elaborated today. Jaspers already clarified that the methods of psychiatry are perspectival. Emerging from a particular vantage, each method reveals its evidence and at the same time conceals other evidence. Methods clash, complement, are mutually affirmative or disjunctive. Furthermore, the numerous methods of psychiatry are expressed within time – within a temporal horizon – leading us to ask if any is a priori divorced from history. Can we claim that what is compelling today will not be illusory tomorrow? A scientific and humanistic psychiatry always deals with this challenge.
Intestinal obstruction due to intramural hematoma of the colon, a complication of sodium warfarin therapy: report of a case.

A case of intestinal obstruction due to spontaneous hemorrhage during Coumadin therapy, mimicking carcinoma of the colon and necessitating bowel resection, is presented.
All Germans are the Same': Czech and Sudeten German Exiles in Britain and the Transfer Plans

In the later years of the Second World War, Edvard Ben 3 s, president of the Czechoslovak government-in-exile in Britain, stated publicly that the German nation bore responsibility for the crimes of the Nazi regime and that, consequently, a large part of the Sudeten German population would be removed from postwar Czechoslovakia. This article looks beyond the opinions of Ben 3 sto examine the views of other Czech exiles, both ordinary citizens and officials in the government, as well as Sudeten German emigres in Britain on the future relationship between the two nations. In response to reports of Nazi atrocities in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, particularly the destruction of the Czech village of Lidice in June 1942, Czech exiles overlooked the examples of democratic Germans in Britain and condemned the entire nation for the crimes of their leaders, demanding as punishment the complete removal of the Sudeten Germans from their state. While the Sudeten German emigre leader Wenzel Jaksch resolutel...
Hard and soft tissue predictability with advancement genioplasties

Variability in soft tissue response to genial advancements has been noted in the literature. Although many factors may influence the results, little attention has been paid to bony vertical movement in conjunction with the bony horizontal movement of the chin and its effect on horizontal soft tissue movement. Eighteen patients who underwent isolated genial advancements were studied preoperatively and for at least 6 months after surgery. It was noted that the further the chin was advanced the less the soft tissue followed the advancement. In addition, vertical movement of the chin greatly influenced the overall result. The more the bony chin is shortened, the thicker the soft tissue chin becomes; the reverse is true when it is lengthened. Finally, horizontal resorption/stability appears to be influenced by the amount of dissection rather than the amount of advancement.
Studies of Plane-Front Solidification and Magnetic Properties of Bi/MnBi

Eutectic and off-eutectic Bi/MnBi compositions have been directionally solidified parallel, antiparallel, and perpendicular to the gravity vector in a one-£ environment and in low gravity during the ASTP flight. MnBi rod diameter and interparticle spacing distributions are similar for all gravity vector orientations when grown at high solidification rates in 1 g. Previously reported ASTP results are explained by the existence of a metastable magnetic phase and off-eutectic solidification models.
Percutaneous absorption of nicotinic acid and ethyl nicotinate in human skin.

THIS communication concerns the vast difference in percutaneous absorption through human skin of two related substances, nicotinic acid and ethyl nicotinate.
Biosynthesis of lung lipids from acetoacetate and glucose in the developing rat in vivo.

Abstract 1. 1. [3-14C]Acetoacetate and [U-14C]glucose administered to rats were readily utilized for synthesis of phospholipids, cholesterol and glycerides in the lung during suckling period. 2. 2. Among all lipids synthesized, phosphatidylcholine accounted for 31–48% from [14C]acetoacetate and 30–46% from [14C]glucose. The synthesized phosphatidylcholine contained predominantly [14C]-labeled palmitate. 3. 3. Glycerol lipids represented 83–92% and 56–68% of total lipids synthesized from [14C]glucose and [14C]acetoacetate, respectively. 4. 4. Glucose is the preferred substrate for glyceride-glycerol, while acetoacetate appears better for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis.
Mechanism of Homophilic Binding Mediated by Ninjurin, a Novel Widely Expressed Adhesion Molecule

Ninjurin is a novel protein that is up-regulated after nerve injury both in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and in Schwann cells. We previously reported that ninjurin demonstrates properties of a homophilic adhesion molecule and promotes neurite outgrowth from primary cultured DRG neurons. We have now found that ninjurin is widely expressed in both adult and embryonic tissues, primarily in those of epithelial origin. Aggregation assays were used to demonstrate that ninjurin-mediated adhesion requires divalent cations and is an energy-dependent process. The critical domain for ninjurin-mediated homophilic adhesion was localized to an 11-residue region (between Pro26 and Asn37) by mutagenesis and by employing synthetic oligopeptides as competitive inhibitors of ninjurin-mediated adhesion. Of particular importance are the Trp residue at position 29 and the 3 arginines in the region. Furthermore, we show that the peptide which inhibits aggregation of Jurkat cells expressing ninjurin is also capable of blocking the ability of ninjurin to promote neurite extension from DRG neurons. Using FISH analysis, the ninjurin gene was localized to human chromosome 9q22. Several genetic diseases of unknown etiology have been mapped to this region, including hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1, self-healing squamous epithelioma, split-hand/foot deformity type 1, and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.
Food web analysis of a planktonic system off Southern California

Abstract The California Basin Study Program (CaBS) has measured carbon and nitrogen flows between some of the compartments of a planktonic system of Southern California. We have used an inverse analysis approach to infer those which were not measured in order to develop a more complete description of the planktonic food web. We then analyzed these results by using network analysis and by following the movement of imaginary tracers through the food web.Results suggest that detritus was a crucial part of the food web, with a substantial fraction of algal production flowing directly to it. Detrital production of dissolved organic matter (DOM), along with leakage from grazers, were the dominant sources of bacterial food. Bacteria did not provide an important path for the movement of organic matter to the larger mesozooplankkton. Although mesozoa were not the dominant grazers of algal production, they were important for the movement euphotic zone, accounting for nearly half of the downward flux. Flows of carbon and nitrogen were quite different because of carbon respiration. Nitrogen removal from the euphotic zone was influenced by high dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentrations. The effects of DON and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in euphotic zone elemental cycling imply that an element used to trace new production will have a different removal rate from the euphotic zone unless it also has a comparable dissolved organic phase. More experimental effort needs to be devoted to detrital dynamics, as well as those of sub-copepod sized grazers.
Academic Performance of Community College Transfers: Psychological, Sociodemographic, and Educational Correlates.

This study focuses on the academic performance of community college transfer students at four-year institutions. It uses a nationally representative sample from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS: 88/2000) and the Postsecondary Education Transcript Study (PETS). Results from an Ordinary Least Squares regression model suggest that community college transfers' academic performance can be explained by gender, race/ethnicity, self-concept, GPA at community colleges, remediation in math, college involvement, and simultaneous enrollment. These findings have important implications for policy-makers and practitioners at community colleges and four-year institutions.
The study of quantitative optical absorption imaging by using Monte Carlo simulation of combined photoacoustic tomography and ultrasound-modulated optical tomography

We demonstrate the feasibility of quantitative optical absorption imaging by using Monte Carlo simulation of combined photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and ultrasound-modulated optical tomography (UOT). Our simulation results show that the optical fluence on initial photoacoustic (PA) pressure waves can be accurately compensated for recovering exact optical absorption coefficients by using a fluence map acquired from UOT signals. Further, when the optical heterogeneities of a sample were varied, the recovered optical absorption coefficients from a target remained constant while PA amplitudes fluctuated. In practice, PAT and UOT systems can be potentially combined because both imaging systems can easily share light illumination and ultrasound application patterns.
Permanent mastoid vent: a new treatment for persistent eustachian tube obstruction

To date, there is no satisfactory treatment for persistent eustachian tube blockage or negative pressure in the middle ear. Conventional ventilation tubes are usually either occluded or extruded with time. A new treatment of percutaneous mastoid vent provides permanent ventilation to the middle ear cleft without putting a tube through the eardrum. A titanium tube is inserted through the skin into the mastoid antrum using the established technique of osseo-integration and hence becomes truly permanent. It can also be connected to a CPAP machine to re-inflate a collapsed eardrum. Initial trials consist of six vents inserted and followed up for 6-16 months. There was no sign of extrusion or a foreign body reaction. However, an inner Teflon tube is essential to keep the vent patent for permanent ventilation to the middle ear cleft.
Effects of x rays on antibodies.

work indicated that antibody molecules for human red blood cell agglutinogens demonstrate various sensitivities when exposed to the same dose levels of ionizing radiation. These data suggested the possible use of X rays for inactivating undesirable active sites in the preparation of highly specific immune serums. Since one or more than one of the major and minor antigens of salmonella may occur in a single cell, salmonella antiserums may contain immunological combining sites of several specificities (2, 3). It was felt that such systems would serve excellently to determine the relative radiosensitivities of bacterial
New method for proving uniqueness theorems for obstacle inverse scattering problems

Abstract A new method is given to prove uniqueness of the solution to basic obstacle inverse scattering problems.
A novel and efficient tissue culture method – "stem-disc dome culture" – for producing virus-free garlic ( Allium sativum L.)

Using our previously reported stem-disc culture method as a basis, we have developed an efficient tissue culture method, "stem-disc dome (SD-Dome) culture", to eliminate viruses from infected garlic plants. Fifteen to 25 dome-shaped structures that formed on stem-disc explants from a single garlic clove were excised and maintained on phytohormone-free Linsmaier and Skoog medium, as in the usual shoot-tip culture. These excised dome-shaped structures grew independently into more than 5-cm-long shoots, rooted after 8 weeks, and were successfully transplanted to soil. The resulting plants showed no viral symptoms on their leaves, even when cloves of garlic plants with severe mosaic and yellow streak symptoms were used for the cultures. Examinations of virus infection in three generations of the progenies using the direct tissue blotting immunoassay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that viruses were excluded during culture. Microscopic observations of transverse sections of tissues in different developmental stages during stem-disc culture – dome-shaped structures, shoot buds, and shoots – suggested that the elimination of viruses may be correlated with the stage of development and organization of vascular-bundle structures.
Quotient Ratio Method for Quantitative Enantiomeric Determination by Mass Spectrometry

The quotient ratio (QR) method, a new quantitative method for enantiomeric determination by mass spectrometry, is presented. The method is illustrated by the case in which a chiral analyte (A) and a chiral reference compound (ref*) are simultaneously coordinated to a transition metal ion (e.g., Cu2+ or Zn2+) to form a singly charged deprotonated cluster ion in the course of electrospray ionization. The trimeric complex ion (three chiral ligands2 mol of the analyte and 1 mol of the reference compound) is collisionally activated and undergoes dissociation by competitive loss of either a neutral reference or a neutral analyte. The ratio of the product ion branching ratios measured when pure chiral reference compounds (ref*D and ref*L) are employed in separate experiments is related via the kinetic method to the enantiomeric composition of the chiral mixture. This quotient ratio is logarithmically related to enantiomeric purity. In contrast to the previous single ratio method (Tao, W. A.; Zhang, D.; Wang, F.;...
The Risk‐Threat Matrix: Key to Defensive Strategy

Managers have traditionally concentrated on the offensive aspects of strategic planning. With a few important exceptions, the strategic planning literature is also heavily weighted toward offensive considerations. Yet two fields to which business is frequently compared, the military and sports, often give defensive considerations as much emphasis as offensive ones. The purpose of this article is to stress the importance of defensive considerations in strategic planning. A risk‐threat matrix is developed which managers can use as a guide to formulating defensive strategies to counter the full range of potentially detrimental situations their firms may face.