cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Eternal Loneliness: Art and Religion in Kierkegaard and Zen

When we compare a thinker as complex and many–sided as Soren Kierkegaard with a cultural phenomenon as significant as Zen Buddhism it is unlikely that we will be able to come up with any simple formula by which to summarize the results of the comparison. But the value of such comparative studies need not in any case lie in the conclusions we reach but in the intrinsic interest and importance of the material itself, in the questions and insights raised by both similarities and dissimilarities. All this is still true if we confine the field of comparison to a very specific area, as here, where we are concerned with the relationship between art and religion in Kierkegaard and Zen. For this is of course no marginal issue: the distinction between the aesthetic and the religious is fundamental to the whole structure of Kierkegaard's authorship while the arts provde one of the main manifestations of the spirit of Zen. Our line of enquiry may be narrow but it takes us straight to the heart of the matter and the questions which it raises are crucial to the overall assessment of both Kierkegaard and Zen and of the relationship between them.
ON A HOMOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A CERTAIN CLASS OF LOCAL RINGS

It is shown that the nondegeneracy of the Yoneda product ( is either a noetherian module or a complex of finite projective dimension, and is the residue field) characterizes the regularity of the ring , whereas the isomorphism characterizes the fact that is Gorenstein.Bibliography: 8 titles.
Imaging the ramp-decollement geometry of the Chelungpu fault using coseismic GPS displacements from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake

Abstract We use coseismic GPS data from the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake to estimate the subsurface shape of the Chelungpu fault that ruptured during the earthquake. Studies prior to the earthquake suggest a ramp–decollement geometry for the Chelungpu fault, yet many finite source inversions using GPS and seismic data assume slip occurred on the down-dip extension of the Chelungpu ramp, rather than on a sub-horizontal decollement. We test whether slip occurred on the decollement or the down-dip extension of the ramp using well-established methods of inverting GPS data for geometry and slip on faults represented as elastic dislocations. We find that a significant portion of the coseismic slip did indeed occur on a sub-horizontal decollement located at ∼8 km depth. The slip on the decollement contributes 21% of the total modeled moment release. We estimate the fault geometry assuming several different models for the distribution of elastic properties in the earth: homogeneous, layered, and layered with lateral material contrast across the fault. It is shown, however, that heterogeneity has little influence on our estimated fault geometry. We also investigate several competing interpretations of deformation within the E/W trending rupture zone at the northern end of the 1999 ground ruptures. We demonstrate that the GPS data require a 22- to 35-km-long lateral ramp at the northern end, contradicting other investigations that propose deformation is concentrated within 10 km of the Chelungpu fault. Lastly, we propose a simple tectonic model for the development of the lateral ramp.
Experimental lymph node metastases: enhanced detection with MR lymphography.

Magnetic resonance (MR) lymphography with superparamagnetic iron oxide (AMI-25) as a contrast agent was developed in an animal model with tumor-bearing lymph nodes. After interstitial administration of 20 mumol of iron per kilogram of body weight into the footpads of rats, the T2 of popliteal and paraaortic lymph nodes decreased from 67 msec +/- 8.2 to 9.5 msec +/- 0.9 and 9.3 msec +/- 0.9, respectively. T2 relaxation times of lymph nodes containing metastases showed a significantly higher value (61 msec +/- 6.2, P less than .005) after interstitial administration of the contrast agent. Intravenous administration of AMI-25 did not produce enhancement of normal or metastatic lymph node relaxation times. The signal intensity of normal lymph nodes decreased profoundly on spin-echo MR images (repetition time of 500 msec, echo time of 30 msec) after interstitial administration, whereas lymph nodes with metastases showed no significant change in signal intensity. Experimental results indicate that MR lymphograp...
Propagation in the UHF-TV band

The Central Radio Propagation Laboratory of the National Bureau of Standards has been conducting a program of research at frequencies of 418 and 1,046 mc in conjunction with an extensive 100 and 200 mc program of measurements throughout the United States. This research program has revealed many aspects of the frequency dependence of propagation from 100 to 1,000 mc, including the attenuation with distance and the magnitude of signal strength variations. Reception of 1,046-mc transmissions 400 miles from Cheyenne Mountain, Colo. has been found possible at all times. By far the most important factor determining the available signal power available to the receiver in the uhf band is the effective absorbing area of the receiving antennas. This is illustrated by the use of the transmission loss concept in presenting the results of propagation studies. Transmission loss and its variability versus distance will be presented for a number of frequencies in the vhf and uhf bands as derived from the National Bureau of Standards propagation research program and an interpretation of the results will be given in terms of expected service and interference ranges in the uhf band.
Click-assembled, oxygen-sensing nanoconjugates for depth-resolved, near-infrared imaging in a 3D cancer model.

Hypoxia is an important contributing factor to the development of drug-resistant cancer, yet few nonperturbative tools exist for studying oxygenation in tissues. While progress has been made in the development of chemical probes for optical oxygen mapping, penetration of such molecules into poorly perfused or avascular tumor regions remains problematic. A click-assembled oxygen-sensing (CAOS) nanoconjugate is reported and its properties demonstrated in an in vitro 3D spheroid cancer model. The synthesis relies on the sequential click-based ligation of poly(amidoamine)-like subunits for rapid assembly. Near-infrared confocal phosphorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate the ability of the CAOS nanoconjugates to penetrate hundreds of micrometers into spheroids within hours and to show their sensitivity to oxygen changes throughout the nodule. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates a modular approach that is readily extensible to a wide variety of oxygen and cellular sensors for depth-resolved imaging in tissue and tissue models.
Interventions to improve hemodialysis adherence: A systematic review of randomized‐controlled trials

Over 485,000 people in the United States have chronic kidney disease, a progressive kidney disease that may lead to hemodialysis. Hemodialysis involves a complex regimen of treatment, medication, fluid, and diet management. In 2005, over 312,000 patients were undergoing hemodialysis in the United States. Dialysis nonadherence rates range from 8.5% to 86%. Dialysis therapy treatment nonadherence, including treatment, medication, fluid, and diet nonadherence, significantly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this paper is to systematically review randomized-controlled trial intervention studies designed to increase treatment, medication, fluid, and diet adherence in adult hemodialysis patients. A search of Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (1982 to May 2008), MEDLINE (1950 to May 2008), PsycINFO (1806 to May 2008), and all Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) Reviews (Cochran DSR, ACP Journal Club, DARE, and CCTR) was conducted to identify randomized-controlled studies that tested the efficacy of interventions to improve adherence in adult hemodialysis patients. Eight randomized-controlled trials met criteria for inclusion. Six of the 8 studies found statistically significant improvement in adherence with the intervention. Of these 6 intervention studies, all studies had a cognitive component, with 3 studies utilizing cognitive/behavioral intervention strategies. Based on this systematic review, interventions utilizing a cognitive or cognitive/behavioral component appear to show the most promise for future study.
A framework for component mining of Java applications via dynamic slicing

This paper explores the use of program slicing as a tool for "component mining" of Java/spl trade/ source code. We define component mining to be the extraction of an executable slice from source code, which satisfies a specific use case (or set of use cases) and provides a standard component interface for its use. However, before a component can be generated, the desired features themselves must be isolated from the source code. Traditionally, software slicing has concerned itself with the value of a variable of interest (or set of variables) at a specific point of execution. This severely limits the usefulness of the traditional definition of a slicing criterion as a tool for feature isolation. We propose the repurposing of software "unit-tests" to aid in the isolation of features of interest within source code. By executing a target application in our JPDA (Java platform debugging architecture) based slicer, a selected unit-test may then serve as the slicing criterion.
Lords of the Auspicious Conjunction: Turco- Mongol Imperial Identity on the Subcontinent

Re-evaluating the scholarly and intellectual isolation with which India's Mughal empire has been treated, this study identifies the Mughals as direct descendants of Chinggis Khan and Tamerlane (Timur). It also explores the systematic manipulation of their Central Asian legacy through which the Mughals defined and defended their imperial identity and political viability on the South Asian subcontinent. In identifying and examining Mughal loyalty to Turco-Mongol institutions and traditions, the study positions the Mughal dynasty in the center of the early modern Islamic world as the direct successor of a powerful political and religious tradition.
Diagnosis and Management of Oncogenic Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection

Cervical HPV infection should be managed less as a typical STI and more as a strong risk factor predisposing to cervical cancer development. HPV infection is undeniably transmitted predominately through sexual contact.However, the fact that more than 80% of women followed over time will acquire at least one HR-HPV infection reflects the ubiquitous nature of the infection and the ease of transmission. Although the behavioral profiles typically associated with an increased risk for STI (including lifetime partner number, age at first intercourse, and so forth) will certainly lead to an increased risk for HPV detection, there is a high absolute prevalence of HPV even among women who have few lifetime sex partners. It could be argued that to counsel patients for an HPV infection as an STI would be counterproductive, as short of absolute abstinence, the prevention of infection is difficult and treatment options, short of excisional procedures for neoplasia, are limited. The real promise held in this area is the availability of an apparently highly effective prophylactic HPV vaccine, targeting at least HPV 16, 18, 6, and 11[33,34]. This vaccine cocktail, if it achieved 100% coverage, could theoretically prevent 50% to 70% of invasive cervical cancers and most genital warts. Vaccination will be required among women before initiation of sexual contact, presumably among girls 10 to 13 years of age. Many programmatic issues remain regarding the implementation of HPV vaccine programs, including the marketing of the vaccine as STI or cancer prevention,as reviewed in detail by Gravitt and Shah [72]. Even in the era of potentially effective vaccines, screening for cervical cancer is likely to remain a priority in cervical cancer prevention programs for at least several decades. Vaccine trials have proven high short-term efficacy; however, these effects were clearly type-specific and antibody titers gradually decrease postvaccination. It is unclear whether the protection will remain over an individual's lifetime without vaccine booster, and oncogenic HPV infections not targeted by vaccination will continue to contribute to risk for development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. Therefore, although the public health success of HPV vaccination is undoubtedly promising, the role of cervical cancer screening as a secondary prevention effort should not be trivialized. In fact, the nature of screening programs should continue to be reevaluated in the context of effective but limited spectrum vaccines.
Teilhard at Fordham: 1963–1964

It would be naive to think that interest in and study of Teilhard de Chardin began at Fordham only this past year. Some years ago, in fact, Fr. J. Franklin Ewing, S. J., founded a Teilhard Circle to stimulate critical study of the Jesuit paleontologist's thought, chiefly from the anthropological angle; that effort, for a number of reasons, proved to be short-lived. Several other Fordham professors,—Dr. Louis Marks in Biology and Fr. Joseph Donceel S.J. in Philosophy—have made Teilhard the object of consideration in certain of their regular courses. But 1963 did, nonetheless, witness a coincidental awakening of Teilhardian study on a wider scale than heretofore. First, Fr. Maurits Huybens, S.J., Belgian editor of the International Philosophical Quarterly and at that time residing at Fordham, proposed to give a series of six public lectures introductory to Teilhard's thought. Second, the suggestion was made quite independently, and received an interested response from faculty members of various departments, that Teilhard's Phenomenon of Man might provide a fruitful focus for an inter-disciplinary seminar, something whose desirability had been felt for some time.
Neurocognitive assessment following whole brain radiation therapy and radiosurgery for patients with cerebral metastases

The treatment of metastatic brain lesions remains a central challenge in oncology. Because most chemotherapeutic agents do not effectively cross the blood-brain barrier, it is widely accepted that radiation remains the primary modality of treatment. The mode by which radiation should be delivered has, however, become a source of intense controversy in recent years. The controversy involves whether patients with a limited number of brain metastases should undergo whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) delivered only to the radiographically visible tumours. Survival is comparable for patients treated with either modality. Instead, the controversy involves the neurocognitive function (NCF) of radiating cerebrum that appeared radiographically normal relative to effects of the growth from micro-metastatic foci. A fundamental question in this debate involves quantifying the effect of WBRT in patients with cerebral metastasis. To disentangle the effects of WBRT on neurocognition from the effects inherent to the underlying disease, we analysed the results from randomised controlled studies of prophylactic cranial irradiation in oncology patients as well as studies where patients with limited cerebral metastasis were randomised to SRS versus SRS+WBRT. In aggregate, these results suggest deleterious effects of WBRT in select neurocognitive domains. However, there are insufficient data to resolve the controversy of upfront WBRT versus SRS in the management of patients with limited cerebral metastases.
Surgical management of a retrohepatic inferior vena cava injury following blunt abdominal trauma

The clinical scenario of a 3 year-old child who sustained a retrohepatic inferior vena cava injury following blunt abdominal trauma is reported. The presentation, evaluation, and surgical management are discussed.
Structural Basis for AMPK Activation: Natural and Synthetic Ligands Regulate Kinase Activity from Opposite Poles by Different Molecular Mechanisms

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a principal metabolic regulator affecting growth and response to cellular stress. Comprised of catalytic and regulatory subunits, each present in multiple forms, AMPK is best described as a family of related enzymes. In recent years, AMPK has emerged as a desirable target for modulation of numerous diseases, yet clinical therapies remain elusive. Challenges result, in part, from an incomplete understanding of the structure and function of full-length heterotrimeric complexes. In this work, we provide the full-length structure of the widely expressed α1β1γ1 isoform of mammalian AMPK, along with detailed kinetic and biophysical characterization. We characterize binding of the broadly studied synthetic activator A769662 and its analogs. Our studies follow on the heels of the recent disclosure of the α2β1γ1 structure and provide insight into the distinct molecular mechanisms of AMPK regulation by AMP and A769662.
Renormalizing the gauged Wess-Zumino-Witten Lagrangian to one loop in a one-family technicolor model.

We examine the problems of calculating processes to one loop in a Wess-Zumino-Witten model, using one-family technicolor as an example and gauging the QCD subgroup of the chiral symmetry of technifermions. In particular, we examine decay processes of certain technipions, often denoted ${P}^{{0}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$ and ${P}_{8}^{{0}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$. We find that almost all of the ultraviolet divergences cancel. The cancellation of infrared divergences between processes with degenerate final states provides us with a constraint on our renormalization scheme. We also study the effects of different $d$-dimensional prescriptions for ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\beta}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}$ in dimensional regularization. (The matrix ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}$ appears when we include possible extended technicolor couplings between technipions and ordinary fermions.) In the end, we choose $\mathrm{MS}$ renormalization, and a noncovariant prescription for ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\beta}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{5}$. We also present one-loop corrections to the width of the ${P}^{{0}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$. These turn out to be sizable.
School Violence, Adjustment, and the Influence of Hope on Low‐Income, African American Youth

The current study investigated the prevalence and impact of exposure to school violence using a cross-sectional design with a sample of 132 low-income, African American fifth graders (mean age = 10.20). Additionally, hope was examined in relation to adjustment and as a potential resilience factor in the context of school violence. Students completed self-report measures for exposure to school violence frequencies, self-concept, and hope. Teachers completed a teacher-rated survey assessing levels of problem behaviors, social skills, and academic competence. Results indicated that the majority of youth had been personally victimized or witnessed violence during a 3-month period. Exposure to school violence was positively associated with problem behaviors, and negatively associated with social skills, self-concept, and academic competence; hope was inversely related to externalizing behaviors and positively related to self-concept. Hope buffered the effects of personal victimization and witnessing violence on self-concept. Gender differences were observed for a number of the analyses. The implications of both the prevalence and impact of exposure to school violence, as well as the moderating effects of hope, are discussed.
Supporting dynamic migration in tightly coupled grid applications

In recent years, there has been a growing trend towards supporting more tightly coupled applications on the grid, including scientific workflows, applications that use pipelined or data-flow like processing, and distributed streaming applications. As availability of resources can vary over time in a grid environment, dynamic reallocation of resources is very important for these applications, particularly because of their long-running nature, and because they often require large-volume data transfers between processing stages. This paper considers the problem of supporting and efficiently implementing dynamic resource allocation for tightly-coupled and pipelined applications in a grid environment. We provide an alternative to basic checkpointing, using the notion of light-weight summary structure (LSS), to enable efficient migration. The idea behind LSS is that at certain points during the execution of a processing stage, the state of the program can be summarized by a small amount of memory. This allows us to perform low-cost process migration, as long as such memory can be identified by an application developer, and migration is performed only at these points. Our implementation and evaluation of LSS based process migration has been in the context of the GATES (grid-based adaptive execution on streams) middleware that we have been developing. We also present an algorithm for dynamic resource allocation, and have shown an architecture for resource monitoring and allocation. We have extensively evaluated our implementation using three stream data processing applications, and show that the use of LSS allows efficient process migration
The impact of TACCAR on STAP algorithm convergence

In an airborne radar, clutter returns from stationary objects undergo a phase shift due to the relative motion of the airborne platform. For a low PRF radar, this phase shift can place the main beam clutter return at virtually any frequency within the clutter Doppler spectrum. Typically, a phase shift or frequency shift is applied to these returns in order to place them in the 0 Hz Doppler filter within the radar signal processor. This phase or frequency shift can be applied either on transmit or receive, and is commonly called the TACCAR shift. The term TACCAR is an acronym for time averaged clutter coherent airborne radar, and the implication of this term is that an average of pulse-to-pulse clutter phase in a coherent radar results in a measure of the main lobe Doppler frequency. In a PRI staggered STAP radar, this TACCAR shift may no longer be necessary, since the STAP solution places the null in the Doppler passband as appropriate to optimize clutter cancellation. However, given that an airborne radar usually has size and weight constraints that can result in limited on-board processing resources, a TACCAR shift may result in fewer processing operations needed to converge on a STAP solution. If this potential processing savings applies, then a TACCAR shift would still be desirable.
Yield modeling of 3D integrated wafer scale assemblies

3D Integration approaches exist for wafer-to-wafer, die-to-wafer, and die-to-die assembly, each with distinct merits. Creation of "seamless" wafer scale focal plane arrays on the order of 6–8” in diameter drives very demanding yield requirements and understanding. This work established a Monte Carlo model of our exploratory architecture in order to assess the trades of the various assembly methods. The model results suggested an optimum die size, number of die stacks per assembly, number of layers per stack, and quantified the value of sorting for optimizing the assembly process.
Characterization of polysaccharides of Rhizobium meliloti exo mutants that form ineffective nodules.

Abstract Mutants of Rhizobium meliloti SU47 with defects in the production of the Calcofluor-binding expolysaccharide succinoglycan failed to gain entry into alfalfa root nodules. In order to define better the polysaccharide phenotypes of these exo mutants, we analyzed the periplasmic oligosaccharide cyclic (1-2)-beta-D-glucan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in representative mutants. The exoC mutant lacked the glucan and had abnormal LPS which appeared to lack a substantial portion of the O side chain. The exoB mutant had a spectrum of LPS species which differed from those of both the wild-type parental strain and the exoC mutant. The presence of the glucan and normal LPS in the exoA, exoD, exoF, and exoH mutants eliminated defects in these carbohydrates as explanations for the nodule entry defects of these mutants. We also assayed for high- and low-molecular-weight succinoglycans. All of the exo mutants except exoD and exoH completely lacked both forms. For the Calcofluor-dim exoD mutant, the distribution of high- and low-molecular-weight forms depended on the growth medium. The haloless exoH mutant produced high-molecular-weight and only a trace of low-molecular-weight succinoglycan; the succinyl modification was missing, as was expected from the results of previous studies. The implications of these observations with regard to nodule entry are discussed.
Murphy on Postmodernity, Science, and Religion

Nancey Murphy claims that a shift in “thinking strategy” from modern to postmodern modes of thought makes it easier to exhibit the intellectual respectability of theology vis-a-vis the sciences. Her case for this proposition depends on modernist interests, most notably in systematizing the sciences for reasons that have their origin in Plato's divided line.
Windows to the soul: children and adults see the eyes as the location of the self.

Where are we? In three experiments, we explore preschoolers’ and adults’ intuitions about the location of the self using a novel method that asks when an object is closet to a person. Children and adults judge objects near a person’s eyes to be closer to her than objects near other parts of her body. This holds even when considering an alien character whose eyes are located on its chest. Objects located near the eyes but out of sight are also judged to be close, suggesting that participants are not using what a person can see as a proxy for what is close to her. These findings suggest that children and adults intuitively think of the self as occupying a precise location within the body, at or near the eyes.
Inference for Time Series Regression Models With Weakly Dependent and Heteroscedastic Errors

Motivated by the need to assess the significance of the trend in some macroeconomic series, this article considers inference of a parameter in parametric trend functions when the errors exhibit certain degrees of nonstationarity with changing unconditional variances. We adopt the recently developed self-normalized approach to avoid the difficulty involved in the estimation of the asymptotic variance of the ordinary least-square estimator. The limiting distribution of the self-normalized quantity is nonpivotal but can be consistently approximated by using the wild bootstrap, which is not consistent in general without studentization. Numerical simulation demonstrates favorable coverage properties of the proposed method in comparison with alternative ones. The U.S. nominal wages series is analyzed to illustrate the finite sample performance. Some technical details are included in the online supplemental material.
ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIPS OF BENCE JONES PROTEINS, MYELOMA GLOBULINS, AND NORMAL HUMAN γ-GLOBULIN

By means of immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis study has been made of antigenic relationships of Bence Jones proteins, and the three classes of normal and pathological immunoglobulins, 7S γ, s2A, and s2M. All thirty-nine Bence Jones proteins studied could be classified into either one of two distinct antigenic types, A or B. Both types are related to the immunoelectrophoretically slow (S) fragment of a papain digest of normal γ-globulin; B is related more closely than A, but neither has antigenic determinants in common with the fast (F) fragment. The 7S γ myeloma globulins were either immunological type I or II. The papain digests of these proteins produced the S and F precipitin lines in immunoelectrophoresis but multiple bands in starch gel electrophoresis, especially in the F region. The S fraction of type I myeloma globulins is antigenically similar to Bence Jones protein of type B, and the S component of type II myeloma globulins has antigenic determinants in common with type A Bence Jones protein. Correspondingly, myeloma patients with type I globulins and proteinuria usually excrete type B Bence Jones proteins, whereas patients with type II excrete type A proteins. The F fragment is the part common to normal 7S γ-globulin and types I and II myeloma globulins but is absent in s2A and s2M pathological globulins and in both types of Bence Jones proteins. Papain digests of s2A myeloma globulins produced a single precipitin line in immunoelectrophoresis. s2A myeloma globulins appeared to have two antigenic units, one in common with type B Bence Jones protein and normal γ-globulin, and another specific to s2A. The s2A myeloma patients excreted type B Bence Jones protein. The papain digest of a macroglobulin produced two precipitin lines, the faster of which had antigenic determinants in common with type B Bence Jones protein, the slower seemed specific for the macroglobulin. Five serum micromolecular globulins proved to be either type A or B Bence Jones proteins. From the above results, an antigenic map was constructed showing which determinants are shared and which are specific for normal 7S γ-globulin, types I and II myeloma globulins, s2A myeloma globulins, a macroglobulin, and types A and B Bence Jones proteins.
Endoleaks After Endovascular Aortic Stent-Grafting: Impact, Diagnosis, and Management

Endoleaks and endotension remain the primary limitation of endovascular aortic repair with stent-grafts. Consequently, all endovascular surgeons performing thoracic or abdominal endovascular aortic repairs require a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of how to survey and manage endoleaks. The derivation of the current endoleak classification scheme, the clinical impact of endoleaks, the diagnostic tools relevant to endoleak detection, an endoleak surveillance protocol, and the strategies in use for their management are outlined in this review.
Effects of Host Age, Female Parasitoid Age, and Host Plant on Parasitism of Ceratogramma etiennei (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Abstract Parasitism of Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) eggs by Ceratogramma etiennei Delvare as influenced by host age, age of the female parasitoid, and host plant preference was evaluated under laboratory or greenhouse tests. Percent parasitism of D. abbreviatus eggs by C. etiennei decreased as eggs matured. The optimal age of C. etiennei for successful parasitism ranged from 1-2-d old. Host plant leaf thickness, leaf pubescence, and plant strata probably played a role on the parasitism by C. etiennei. This parasitoid is diurnal and spent approximately 5 min searching for eggs laid in cryptic locations, 46 min parasitizing an egg mass and 24 min resting. This biological information is relevant in evaluating the potential of C. etiennei in the classical biological control of D. abbreviatus.
The evaluation of students' reflective writing for evidence of critical thinking.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to establish interrater reliability of the Critical Thinking Scale (CTS), a teacher-accessible tool designed to measure the critical thinking of baccalaureate nursing students as evidenced in their reflective writing about their practice experiences. The study is an extension of an earlier pilot test of the CTS. Graduating students from a nursing program at a small liberal arts college were asked to write about a significant practice experience encountered during their last clinical course. Three teachers used the CTS to independently evaluate the students' writing. California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) scores provided a standard measure of critical thinking. Results indicated statistically significant positive relationships between the CCTST total critical thinking score and mean teacher ratings using the CTS. Meaningfully significant interrater reliability ratings for the CTS were also found. With further development, the CTS has promise as an appropriat...
Regulation of cholecystokinin secretion by bombesin in STC-1 cells

Bombesin stimulates cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion, presumably by a direct effect on the intestinal CCK cell. The present objectives were to characterize bombesin-stimulated CCK release and to investigate the role of calcium in CCK secretion in an intestinal CCK-producing cell line (STC-1). Bombesin caused a dose-dependent release of CCK, which was reduced either in the absence of extracellular calcium or by calcium channel blockade, suggesting that influx of calcium is necessary for CCK secretion. Bombesin caused an increase in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and increased efflux of 45Ca2+ from 45Ca(2+)-loaded cells. Radioligand binding studies and Northern analysis were consistent with the expression of a bombesin receptor. Thus bombesin stimulation of CCK release occurs via binding to a receptor and is dependent on increased [Ca2+]i. We propose that the STC-1 cell line may provide a useful model for studying the regulation of intestinal CCK secretion.
Testing Dyadic Mechanisms the Right Way A Primer Into Moderated Actor–Partner Interdependence Model With Latent Variable Interactions

Successfully managing and navigating romantic relationships is a key developmental task of emerging adulthood. While researchers increasingly use statistical analyses to accommodate the interdependent nature of romantic relationship data, there are very few applications and primers for comprehensively investigating moderation effects, especially in the structural equation modeling framework. The current article illustrates the application and extension of a dyadic analytical technique, the actor–partner interdependence model, to the study of romantic relationships in emerging adulthood, with a particular emphasis on testing different types of moderators (between-dyads, within-dyads, and mixed) and specifying latent variable interactions. We draw on concrete examples of various moderation hypotheses by examining the association between internalizing problems and threatening behaviors in dating couples. Finally, we conclude the article with suggestions for future directions.
Role of Silicon in Diatom Metabolism and Silicification

Because the diatom is unique in its absolute requirement for silicate, it not only provides an experimental system par excellence for studying the biochemistry of silicon, but can also provide a model system for studying silicon in mammalian systems. Moreover, the diatom is unique in that the formation of its siliceous cell wall involves a new system of biological mineralization. Understanding this system may provide clues to the as yet little understood mechanisms leading to calcium mineralization in higher animals.
Philosophy of care.

An accurate diagnosis is essential in managing musculoskeletal problems in children. Active treatment is only occasionally necessary and should meet the criteria of being essential, effective, and prudent.
Evidence for isomerizing hydroformylation of butadiene. A combined experimental and computational study

Abstract The (DIOP)rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylation of butadiene has been shown to give among the highest selectivities for formation of adipaldehyde, which is useful for the synthesis of nylon. Herein, isomerizing hydroformylation is shown to be a mechanism that is partially responsible for this selectivity and density functional theory studies are used to reveal the detailed pathway for the requisite alkene isomerization.
What We Think, What We Know and What We Think We Know About False Convictions

False convictions are notoriously difficult to study because they can neither be observed when they occur nor identified after the fact by any plausible research strategy. Our best shot is to collect data on those that come to light in legal proceedings that result in the exoneration of the convicted defendants. In May 2012, the National Registry of Exonerations released its first report, covering 873 exonerations from January 1989 through February 2012. By October 15, 2016, we had added 1,027 cases: 599 exonerations since March 1, 2012, and 428 that had already happened when we issued our initial report but were not known to us. In this paper I discuss what can and cannot be learned from the exonerations that we have collected. The cases we find and list are not a complete set of all exonerations that occur—not nearly—but it’s clear from the patterns we see in known exonerations that false convictions outnumber exonerations by orders of magnitude. We cannot estimate the rate of false convictions or their distribution across crime categories. We can confidently say, however, that they are not rare events—and other research has estimated the rate of false convictions among death sentences at 4.1%, which provides an anchor for estimates of the rate for other violent crimes. We know that several types of false or misleading evidence contribute to many erroneous convictions (eyewitness misidentifications, false confessions, bad forensic science, perjury and other lies), as does misbehavior by those who process criminal cases: misconduct by police and prosecutors; incompetence and laziness by defense attorneys. Beyond that, we cannot say how false convictions are produced. It’s clear, however, from the relative prevalence of these factors that the process differs radically from one type of crime to another. Data from one local jurisdiction (Harris County, Texas) strongly suggest that across the country thousands if not tens of thousands of innocent defendants a year plead guilty to misdemeanors and low-level felonies in order to avoid prolonged pretrial detention. And our data clearly show that innocent African Americans are much more likely to be wrongfully convicted of crimes than innocent whites, in part because of higher criminal participation in the African American community and in part because of discrimination.
Surgical Techniques: Endoscopic and Percutaneous Procedures

Owing to the nature of the urinary tract, the urologist is afforded the opportunity to address many urgent or emergency procedures using endoscopic and percutaneous access. Such procedures are often less physiologically stressful to the patient and can be performed with less intensive preparation than their open counterparts. A large part of urological practice is endoscopic or percutaneous in nature, but this chapter is limited to those procedures that are frequently performed in the urgent or emergent setting.
The Importance of Recognition of the Skin Cancer Risk of Native Americans: A Call to Action

Melanoma is a deadly skin cancer affecting a significant part of the U.S. population. People of color are more likely to face lower survival rates from melanoma and are more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage. Efforts to combat this have largely focused on Asian, Hispanic, and African American patients. Native Americans have been unfortunately excluded from such studies. This article is a call to action and is an effort to raise awareness for Native American inclusion in future skin cancer studies so their skin cancer knowledge and risk can be appropriately ascertained.
Confucius, Autonomy, and Capitalism

Book review and critique of "Against Individualism" by Henry Rosemont Jr. (Lexington Books, 2015). In the book, Rosemont criticizes Western "foundational individualism" and the Western moral theories and capitalist economic system it supports. He proposes that the West instead adopt the Confucian notion that morality centers on the fulfillment of one's social roles, and that the West reorganize its political and economic systems around this notion, including adoption of a healthy "social justice" programme. However, the review points out that there are ontological and empirical problems with Rosemont's critique, and that his Confucian alternative both seems to support some morally troubling outcomes and doesn't provide the clear political and economic programme Rosemont desires. Though foundational individualism can be criticized for not having a clear "social justice" component, it seems more likely that component can be developed, than that Rosemont's Confucianism can yield the happier and more just world Rosemont assumes.
Group Rights and (Again) in Defence of “Genocide”

I appreciate the consideration and attention the commentators have given Genocide: The Act as Idea. If I’d had the benefit of their comments earlier in the book’s history, I would have addressed a ...
Active Flow Control via Discrete Sweeping and Steady Jets on a Simple-Hinged Flap

Active flow control (AFC) in the form of sweeping jet (SWJ) excitation and discrete steady jet excitation is used to control the flow separation on a National Advisory Council for Aeronautics (NACA...
$\beta$ -Ga 2 O 3 NEMS Oscillator for Real-Time Middle Ultraviolet (MUV) Light Detection

We report on the first beta gallium oxide ( $\beta $ -Ga2O3) crystal feedback oscillator built by employing a vibrating $\beta $ -Ga2O3 nanoresonator as the frequency reference for real-time middle ultraviolet (MUV) light detection. We fabricate suspended $\beta $ -Ga2O3 nanodevices through synthesis of $\beta $ -Ga2O3 nanoflakes using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition and dry transfer of nanoflakes on microtrenches. Open-loop tests reveal a resonance of the $\beta $ -Ga2O3 device at ~30 MHz. A closed-loop oscillator is then realized by using a combined optical–electrical feedback circuitry, to perform real-time resonant sensing of MUV irradiation. The oscillator exposed to cyclic MUV irradiation exhibits resonant frequency downshifts, with a measured responsivity of $\Re \approx -\textsf {3.1}$ Hz/pW and a minimum detectable power of $\delta {P}_{\textsf {min}} \approx \textsf {0.53}$ nW for MUV detection.
Generating Continuous Random Variates

This chapter shows how to transform the continuous uniform random variates, u∼U(0,1), to random variates for a variable that comes from one of the common continuous probability distributions. The probability distributions described here are the following: the continuous uniform, exponential, Erlang, gamma, beta, Weibull, normal, lognormal, chi-square, student’s t, and Fishers F. The chapter also shows how to use the (Hasting’s) approximation formulas for the standard normal distribution.
Effects of canopy structure and species diversity on primary production in upper Great Lakes forests

Canopy structure and tree species diversity, shaped by succession, disturbance, and community composition, are linked to numerous ecosystem functions, including net primary production (NPP). Understanding of how ecosystem structural metrics are interrelated and mechanistically link to NPP, however, is incomplete. We characterized leaf area index (LAI), Simpson's index of Diversity (D', a measure of species diversity), and canopy rugosity (Rc, a measure of canopy physical complexity) in 11 forest stands comprising two chronosequences varying in establishing disturbance, and in three late successional communities. We related LAI, D', and Rc to wood NPP (NPPw), and examined whether absorption of photosynthetically active radiation and light use-efficiency (LUE) link NPPw with ecosystem structure. We found that recovery of LAI and D' was delayed following more severe establishing disturbances, but that the development of Rc was strikingly conserved regardless of disturbance, converging on a common mean value in late-successional stands irrespective of differences in leaf area index and species diversity. LAI was significantly correlated with NPPw in each stage of ecosystem development, but NPPw was only correlated with Rc in early successional stages and with D' in late successional stages. Across all stands, NPPw was coupled with LAI and Rc, (but not D') through positive relationships with light absorption and LUE. We conclude by advocating for better integration of ecological disciplines investigating structure-function interactions, suggesting that improved understanding of such relationships will require ecologists to traverse disciplinary boundaries.
Adverse physiologic effects of Western diet on right ventricular structure and function: role of lipid accumulation and metabolic therapy.

Little is known about the impact of metabolic syndrome (MS) on right ventricular (RV) structure and function. We hypothesized that mice fed a Western diet (WD) would develop RV lipid accumulation a...
Characterizing the Effectiveness of Network-Based Intrusion Detection Systems

Network-based Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) must detect and defend against many kinds of attacks. These defenses are certainly limited in their capabilities; however, there is a lack of precise understanding of their strengths and weaknesses. In particular, there are two kinds of NIDSs, flow-based vs. packet-based, whose effectiveness needs to be systematically characterized using real, or as real as possible, datasets with known ground truth. In this paper, we report our empirical study on using a modern dataset, with known ground truth about the attacks it contains, to evaluate the effectiveness of flow-based vs. packet-based NIDSs. This allows us to draw initial insights towards the ultimate characterization of the gap between flow-based and packet-based NIDSs.
Intralesional Cancer Immunotherapies

Melanoma and other solid cancers with low or absent T-cell inflammation respond poorly to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Tumor infiltration with T cells that are directed against tumor antigens requires the induction of an innate immune response leading to production of type I interferons and maturation and activation of dendritic cells that can cross-present tumor antigens to T cells. Intralesional therapies, including oncolytic viral therapies, inflammatory cytokines, and agonists of Toll-like receptors and stimulator of interferon genes, can provide the necessary stimuli to trigger such an innate immune response.
The Flipped Classroom in Mass Communication Education, Using Lynda.Com

The flipped classroom is a form of instruction with growing interest in academia. There are several papers that highlight the appeal and benefits of the flipped classroom, but they are primarily limited case studies and anecdotal accounts. Our dual quantitative/qualitative study explores the flipped classroom through two mass communication courses (a 3-D animation class and a single-camera video class taught over a year and a half, offering data from eight classes total) using lynda.com for outside-of-class instruction. The results indicate that the flipped classroom increases student performance over regular class instruction. Many factors often assumed to be correlated with better performance did not show significance in this study (i.e., preferential learning modalities, comfort with online structure), but there were other factors observed (e.g., self-efficacy, instructor knowledge...) that were significantly aligned with performance in the flipped classroom.
Relation between Muscular Force of a Limb, under Different Starting Conditions, and Speed of Movement

Abstract A horizontal adductive arm swing executed at maximal speed, and timed at intervals of 15°, 53°, 90°, and 105°, was studied under two experimental conditions. Although the movement completed was the same in both conditions, the fundamental difference between the “normal” and “pre-tensed” arm movements was that in the latter condition the subject built up his arm strength maximally just prior to initiating the movement. Twenty trials under each condition was performed by 60 college men. All reliability coefficients were found to be high, i.e., over .89. In contradiction to expectations, the relationship between premovement strength and speed of movement at the first station (r = -.208) was lower than anticipated. However, the low correlations found between strength and speed of movement are in general agreement with the results of earlier investigators which have substantiated the predominance of neuromotor specificity.