cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamically managing the communication-parallelism trade-off in future clustered processors

Clustered microarchitectures are an attractive alternative to large monolithic superscalar designs due to their potential for higher clock rates in the face of increasingly wire-delay-constrained process technologies. As increasing transistor counts allow an increase in the number of clusters, thereby allowing more aggressive use of instruction-level parallelism (ILP), the inter-cluster communication increases as data values get spread across a wider area. As a result of the emergence of this trade-off between communication and parallelism, a subset of the total on-chip clusters is optimal for performance. To match the hardware to the application's needs, we use a robust algorithm to dynamically tune the clustered architecture. The algorithm, which is based on program metrics gathered at periodic intervals, achieves an 11% performance improvement on average over the best statically defined architecture. We also show that the use of additional hardware and reconfiguration at basic block boundaries can achieve average improvements of 15%. Our results demonstrate that reconfiguration provides an effective solution to the communication and parallelism trade-off inherent in the communication-bound processors of the future.
Clinical outcome of lymphoma patients after idiotype vaccination is correlated with humoral immune response and immunoglobulin G Fc receptor genotype.

Purpose The unique immunoglobulin idiotype (Id) expressed by each B-cell lymphoma is a target for immunotherapy. Vaccination with Id induces humoral and/or cellular anti-Id immune responses. However, the clinical impact of these anti-Id immune responses is unknown. We and others have previously reported that immunoglobulin G Fc receptor (FcγR) polymorphisms predict the clinical response of lymphoma patients to passive anti-CD20 antibody infusions. In this study, we tested whether anti-Id immune responses or FcγR polymorphisms associate with clinical outcome of patients who received Id vaccination. Patients and Methods We analyzed 136 patients with follicular lymphoma who had received Id vaccination. The anti-Id immune responses were measured and FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIa polymorphisms were determined and correlated with clinical outcome for these patients. Results Patients who mounted humoral immune responses had a longer progression-free survival (PFS) than those who did not (8.21 v 3.38 years; P = .018). Pat...
Comparative Analysis of H&E and Prussian Blue Staining in a Mouse Model of Cerebral Microbleeds

Cerebral microbleeds are microscopic hemorrhages with deposits of blood products in the brain, which can be visualized with MRI and are implicated in cerebrovascular diseases. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE Prussian blue-positive stains, by comparison, showed no significant increase with LPS treatment and did not correlate with either H&E-positive stains or surface microhemorrhages. H&E staining is thus a more reliable indicator of acute bleeding events induced by LPS in this model within a short time span.
Computational Models of Neocortical Neuronogenesis and Programmed Cell Death in the Developing Mouse, Monkey, and Human

This paper presents a computational model allowing quantitative simulations of acquisition of neocortical neuronal number across mammalian species. When extrapolating scientific findings from rodents to humans, it is particularly pertinent to acknowledge the importance of the accelerated enlargement of the neocortex during human evolution. Neocortex development is marked by discrete stages of neural progenitor cell proliferation and death, neuronal differentiation, and neuronal programmed cell death. We have developed computational models of human and rhesus monkey neocortical neuronal cell acquisition based on experimentally derived parameters of cell cycle length, commitment to cell cycle exit, and cell death. Our model results agree with independent stereological studies estimating neocortical neuron number in adult and developing rhesus monkey and human. Comparisons of our primate models with previously developed rodent models suggest correlations between the lengthening of the duration of the neuronogenesis period and a lengthening of the cellular processes of cell cycle progression and death can account for the vast increase in size of the primate neocortex. Furthermore, when compared with rodents, we predict that cell death may play a larger role in shaping the primate neocortex. Our mathematical models of the development and evolution of the neocortex provide a quantitative, biologically based construct for extrapolation between rodent and humans. These models can assist in focusing future experimental research on the differing mechanisms of rodent versus human neocortical development.
High-Speed Machining

The term “high-speed machining” (HSM) is a relative one from a materials viewpoint because of the vastly different speeds at which different materials can be machined with acceptable tool life. For example, it is easier to machine aluminum at 6000 surface feet per minute (sfm) than titanium at 600 sfm. Because of this difference, and the fact that speed determines to a significant degree whether a material will form continuous chips or segmented, shear- localized chips, one way of defining high-speed machining is to relate it to the chip formation process. Localized shear occurs when the negative effect on strength of increasing temperature due to intense plastic deformation is equal to or greater than the positive effect of strain hardening. In this context, high-speed machining for a given material can be defined as that speed above which shear-localization develops completely in the primary shear zone.
The Limitations on Protection as Program Works Under Japanese Copyright Law

The June 1985 amendments to the Japanese Copyright Act constitute a detailed statutory approach to problems of computer program protection. By setting specific limitations on the scope of copyright protection in program works, the Act appears to define the line between protected expression and unprotected ideas in computer programs. These limitations on copyright protection are potentially of great significance to a number of important problems arising out of the decision to protect programs under copyright law. While computer operating systems should be treated generally as program works under the Japanese Copyright Act, the statutory limitation that copyright protection in program works does not extend to program languages implies that operating system programs can be copied to the extent necessary to insure compatibility with application programs written for that operating system. To do otherwise would extend copyright protection to the program language defined by the operating system, contravening the express statutory limitation. Microcode is not protected at all. Even if it is protected as a program work, it can probably be copied to the extent necessary to design and build digital logic circuitry presenting an identical hardware appearance to the outside programmer. Not to permit such copying would have the effect of giving copyright protection to the program language defined and created by the chip’s microcode, and is explicitly denied by the Act. Protection of program works does not extend to algorithms used in their production. This implies that the organization and structure of a program are in the public domain, a conclusion supported by policy considerations.
The Impact of Human and Social Capital on the Employment of Haitian Immigrant Women in the U.S. Labor Force: A Comparative Analysis

Despite the emerging focus on women’s migration and economic integration in the host countries, little is known about the participation of Haitian immigrant women in the U.S. labor force. This study examines the effects of nationality and mediating factors including human and social capital on the economic integration of Haitian women in the U.S. labor force. In order to better understand how Haitian women’s economic integration differs from other immigrants from the Caribbean, their personal income, wage income and hours worked were compared with three other groups of immigrant women: Dominicans, Cubans and Jamaicans. This study relies on secondary data from the American Community Survey (ACS, 2007). ACS is a statistical program that was developed to replace the long form of the decennial census in 2010. The data are nationally representative as they represent all 50 states including District of Columbia, Puerto-Rico and all metropolitan areas. The sample size used was (N=3908) for Haitian women, (N=5540) for Dominicans, (N= 5057) for Jamaicans and (N=8696) for Cubans. Findings indicated that the mean differences of Haitian women when compared to Cubans (-3.493), Dominicans (-1.248) and Jamaicans (-.544) were all negative. This implied that the other groups of women had better employment status than Haitian women. Moreover, since the difference was highest with the Cubans, it can also be drawn that Cubans have the best employment status among the groups.
Mathematics Teachers' Support and Retention: Using Maslow's Hierarchy to Understand Teachers' Needs.

As part of a larger study, four mathematics teachers from diverse backgrounds and teaching situations report their ideas on teacher stress, mathematics teacher retention, and their feelings about the needs of mathematics teachers, as well as other information crucial to retaining quality teachers. The responses from the participants were used to develop a hierarchy of teachers’ needs that resembles Maslow's hierarchy, which can be used to better support teachers in various stages of their careers. The interviews revealed both non content-specific and content-specific needs within the hierarchy. The responses show that teachers found different schools foster different stress levels and that as teachers they used a number of resources for reducing stress. Other mathematics-specific ideas are also discussed such as the amount of content and pedagogy courses required for certification.
A burst-mode photon counting receiver with automatic channel estimation and bit rate detection

We demonstrate a multi-rate burst-mode photon-counting receiver for undersea communication at data rates up to 10.416 Mb/s over a 30-foot water channel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of burst-mode photon-counting communication. With added attenuation, the maximum link loss is 97.1 dB at λ=517 nm. In clear ocean water, this equates to link distances up to 148 meters. For λ=470 nm, the achievable link distance in clear ocean water is 450 meters. The receiver incorporates soft-decision forward error correction (FEC) based on a product code of an inner LDPC code and an outer BCH code. The FEC supports multiple code rates to achieve error-free performance. We have selected a burst-mode receiver architecture to provide robust performance with respect to unpredictable channel obstructions. The receiver is capable of on-the-fly data rate detection and adapts to changing levels of signal and background light. The receiver updates its phase alignment and channel estimates every 1.6 ms, allowing for rapid changes in water quality as well as motion between transmitter and receiver. We demonstrate on-the-fly rate detection, channel BER within 0.2 dB of theory across all data rates, and error-free performance within 1.82 dB of soft-decision capacity across all tested code rates. All signal processing is done in FPGAs and runs continuously in real time.
The Gasification is A Kind of Effective Way of Crops Staw Comprehensive Utilizations

This text has explained the basic principle of the gasification of the straw and application in the countryside,through analysing benefit,the gasification prospect of the straw is considerable,which is a kind of effective way of crops straw comprehensive utilization.And proposee the measure to accelerate the development of the gasification project of the straw.The popularization of gasification is significant to increase peasants’income and improve the rural environment.
Male Vs. Female Student Attitudes Toward Careers in Professional Selling

This paper examines the initial perceptions of male and female business majors (mostly marketing and management) concerning a career in non-retail professional selling. Although significant differences were found to exist between male and female student attitudes concerning advantages and disadvantages associated with a career in sales, no significant differences existed concerning methods for creating interest and providing information.
Sybil Detection Using Latent Network Structure

Sybil attacks, in which an adversary creates a large number of identities, present a formidable problem for the robustness of recommendation systems. One promising method of sybil detection is to use data from social network ties to implicitly infer trust. Previous work along this dimension typically a) assumes that it is difficult/costly for an adversary to create edges to honest nodes in the network; and b) limits the amount of damage done per such edge, using conductance-based methods. However, these methods fail to detect a simple class of sybil attacks which have been identified in online systems. Indeed, conductance-based methods seem inherently unable to do so, as they are based on the assumption that creating many edges to honest nodes is difficult, which seems to fail in real-world settings. We create a sybil defense system that accounts for the adversary's ability to launch such attacks yet provably withstands them by: Notassuminganyrestrictiononthenumberofedgesanadversarycanform,butinsteadmakingamuch weaker assumption that creating edges from sybils to most honest nodes is difficult, yet allowing that the remaining nodes can be freely connected to. Relaxing the goal from classifying all nodes as honest or sybil to the goal of classifying the "core" nodes of the network as honest; and classifying no sybil nodes as honest. Exploiting a new, for sybil detection, social network property, namely, that nodes can be embedded in low-dimensional spaces.
EXPONENTIAL AND LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS

This chapter discusses laws of exponents, exponential functions, logarithmic functions, and laws of logarithms. It explains how to find the derivative of the function log a v. It defines the symbol a n in a case where n is any real number and a is a positive number. It is simple to give meaning to the symbol a p/q where p and q are positive integers. For every real number x, a x has a definite value. It can be shown that y = a x is a continuous function of x. The exponential function, in which the exponent plays the role of a variable, is seen as a generalization of a number raised to an integral power.
Melting and Glass/Rubber Transitions of Starch Polysaccharides

Publisher Summary Starch polysaccharides, both in native granules and in a variety of foodstuffs, can occur with crystallinities ranging from 0 to 30%, the remaining material being amorphous. This amorphous material may be either brittle or rubbery, depending on whether it is below or above the glass transition temperature Tg of the polymer or polymer mixture. To understand properly the behavior of starch during processing and in starch-containing foodstuffs, it is necessary to understand first the thermal behavior of both the crystalline and amorphous components. The melting temperature Tm and the glass transition temperature Tg are the most important parameters characterizing the behavior of the starch polymers over a wide temperature range. This chapter examines the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the glass transition of both starch and its low molecular weight analogue maltose, including the effect of water as a diluent. It also describes the diluent effect of water on the melting of the crystalline forms of amylose and compares the results with theoretical predictions.
Objectification and System Justification Impact Rape Avoidance Behaviors

There is little recent research on women’s adoption of rape avoidance behaviors, and there has been no known investigation into how adoption of these behaviors relates to various system justification beliefs or experiences of sexual objectification. We surveyed 294 U.S. women aged 18 to 40 to assess experiences of objectification, belief in a just world, gender-specific system justification, benevolent sexism, rape myth acceptance, and engagement in rape avoidance behaviors. Belief in a just world, gender-specific system justification, and benevolent sexism were conceptualized and analyzed as a “system justification” latent factor due to similarities between constructs regarding how they influence worldview, particularly regarding fairness and relations between dominant and subordinate groups. Our hypothesized model had good fit to the data and illustrated that experiencing objectification was related to increased rape myth acceptance and system justification, which, in turn, were related to implementation of rape avoidance behaviors. Further, system justification was significantly positively related to rape myth acceptance. Results show the continued importance of understanding the role of objectification in the endorsement of rape myths and assessments of societal fairness, as well as how women’s attitudes about society may ultimately affect their assessment of rape myths and their personal behavior. This research provides new information and groundwork for researchers developing rape education programming in addition to those interested in the complex relationship between women’s experiences and behavioral outcomes.
Ethnic differences in serum lipids and lipoproteins in overweight/obese African-American and white American women with pre-diabetes: significance of NMR-derived lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes

Objective African-American women (AAW) suffer disproportionately from higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality compared with white American women (WAW), despite favorable lipid and lipoprotein profile. Therefore, we used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to examine lipoprotein particle concentrations and sizes in overweight/obese AAW and WAW with pre-diabetes. Participants and methods We studied 69 AAW and 41 WAW, with mean age 46.5±11.3 years and body mass index (BMI) 37.8±6.4 kg/m 2 . All participants completed standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT). Insulin sensitivity (Si) was calculated using MINIMOD method. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Fasting blood was obtained for traditional lipids/lipoproteins and NMR-derived lipoprotein particle sizes and concentrations. Results We found that AAW with pre-diabetes were more obese (BMI 38.8±6.7 vs 36.0±5.4 kg/m 2 , p=0.02) than WAW. Mean Si was not significantly different. However, the mean serum triglycerides were lower, whereas the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) were significantly higher in AAW versus WAW. The large HDL particle concentration (6.1±3.1 vs 4.6±3.1 µmol/L, p=0.02) was significantly higher in AAW versus WAW. Mean total very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle concentration was lower in AAW versus WAW (39.9±24.4 vs 59.2±25.6 nmol/L, p≤0.001). While mean total LDL particle concentrations were not different, mean small LDL particle concentrations were lower in AAW versus WAW (538.8±294.1 vs 638.4±266 nmol/L, p=0.07). Conclusions We found a more favorable NMR-derived lipoprotein profile in AAW that extends the traditional antiatherogenic lipid/lipoprotein profiles. Clinically, these favorable lipid/lipoprotein profiles cannot explain the paradoxically higher CVD mortality in AAW than WAW and warrant further prospective outcome studies.
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) and Aortic Fenestration

This section provides a comprehensive procedural report for thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and aortic fenestration procedures with up-to-date explanatory notes, synopsis of the indications and contraindications, and potential complications in an organized and practical format.
Distributed Scheduling of Network Connectivity Using Mobile Access Point Robots

In this paper, we consider scenarios where mobility can be exploited to enable reliable communications in wireless networks with scarce resources that are unable to concurrently service their nodes. Specifically, we consider cases where a team of robots operate as mobile access points (APs) that provide service, namely sufficient end-to-end communication routes, to a multihop network of static source nodes which generate data. We introduce the connectivity scheduling problem, a novel framework that combines motion planning of the APs with service scheduling of the source nodes and network routing control so that integrity of communications is guaranteed over time. We formulate the connectivity scheduling problem as a multistage mixed integer programming (MIP) problem, where path planning, service scheduling, and routing decisions are all jointly optimized over a discrete-time horizon. Since MIP problems can grow intractable quickly, we further consider a continuous convex reformulation of the problem and employ sparse optimization techniques, specifically the reweighted $\ell _1$ regularization scheme, to recover the desired integrality structure of the solution. We propose a decentralized method to solve the above relaxation that is based on the recently developed accelerated distributed augmented Lagrangians (ADAL) algorithm. Specifically, we modify ADAL by incorporating in the algorithm the reweighted $\ell _1$ scheme, which enables us to recover the desired sparsity structure of the original MIP at the final solution. Numerical results are presented that validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Deriving analytic solutions for compact binary inspirals without recourse to adiabatic approximations

We utilize the dynamical renormalization group formalism to calculate the real space trajectory of a compact binary inspiral for long times via a systematic resummation of secularly growing terms. This method generates closed form solutions without orbit averaging, and the accuracy can be systematically improved. The expansion parameter is v^5νΩ(t−t_0) where t_0 is the initial time, t is the time elapsed, and Ω and v are the angular orbital frequency and initial speed, respectively. ν is the binary’s symmetric mass ratio. We demonstrate how to apply the renormalization group method to resum solutions beyond leading order in two ways. First, we calculate the second-order corrections of the leading radiation reaction force, which involves highly nontrivial checks of the formalism (i.e., its renormalizability). Second, we show how to systematically include post-Newtonian corrections to the radiation reaction force. By avoiding orbit averaging, we gain predictive power and eliminate ambiguities in the initial conditions. Finally, we discuss how this methodology can be used to find analytic solutions to the spin equations of motion that are valid over long times.
Evaluation of Load Transfer in Geogrids for Base Stabilization Using Transparent Soil

Abstract The design of roadways with geosynthetic-stabilized base layers requires proper evaluation of the load-transfer mechanisms between soil particles and geosynthetics. In the case of geogrid reinforcements, the resistances mobilized on rib elements are key factors that determine the mechanical responses for both: (1) the ultimate pullout strength; and (2) the in-plane stiffness. Geogrids with different aperture shapes have rib elements along different orientations, and different rib orientations could generate different load transfer mechanisms. In this study, a new experimental testing program using transparent soil was conducted to visualize the load transfer of geogrids with different aperture shapes (e.g. rectangular, triangular). Specifically, small-scale soil-geosynthetic interaction tests were conducted using high-definition cameras. Consequently, image-processing techniques were used to obtain the displacements and deformations of geogrid specimens from digital images. The soil-geogrid interaction behaviors for geogrid specimens with different aperture shapes were evaluated and compared. Overall, multiple mechanisms for load transfer between soil and geogrids with different geometric characteristics could be characterized and quantified using new techniques involving transparent soil and digital image analysis.
Hydration forces between aligned DNA helices undergoing B to A conformational change: In-situ X-ray fiber diffraction studies in a humidity and temperature controlled environment.

Abstract Hydration forces between DNA molecules in the A- and B-Form were studied using a newly developed technique enabling simultaneous in situ control of temperature and relative humidity. X-ray diffraction data were collected from oriented calf-thymus DNA fibers in the relative humidity range of 98%–70%, during which DNA undergoes the B- to A-form transition. Coexistence of both forms was observed over a finite humidity range at the transition. The change in DNA separation in response to variation in humidity, i.e. change of chemical potential, led to the derivation of a force-distance curve with a characteristic exponential decay constant of ∼ 2 A for both A- and B-DNA. While previous osmotic stress measurements had yielded similar force-decay constants, they were limited to B-DNA with a surface separation (wall-to-wall distance) typically > 5 A. The current investigation confirms that the hydration force remains dominant even in the dry A-DNA state and at surface separation down to ∼ 1.5 A, within the first hydration shell. It is shown that the observed chemical potential difference between the A and B states could be attributed to the water layer inside the major and minor grooves of the A-DNA double helices, which can partially interpenetrate each other in the tightly packed A phase. The humidity-controlled X-ray diffraction method described here can be employed to perform direct force measurements on a broad range of biological structures such as membranes and filamentous protein networks.
On-line refueling for the Advanced High Temperature Reactor (AHTR)

Abstract Several academic and commercial organizations around the world are developing the Fluoride salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor (FHR) technology, due to its safety features and potential to generate high temperature energy for electricity and process heat applications. The Advanced High Temperature Reactor (AHTR) being considered in this study is a FHR design developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). It is based on the use of graphite as moderator, FLiBe as coolant, and hexagonal fuel elements with fuel plates (or “planks”) composed of TRISO particles embedded in a carbonaceous matrix. The AHTR reference design is based on traditional batch refueling approach, which requires to shut down the reactor and replace/reshuffle a certain amount of fuel assemblies in the core at a specific frequency. Several options have been evaluated in the design process, in order to maximize the cycle length and optimize the use of fuel. However, the relatively short cycle and poor fuel utilization are intrinsic features of this family of reactors, due to the low heavy metal loading in the core and insufficient moderation, which are competing aspects in terms of core volume fraction. Since the fuel is expected to be more expensive than the fuel of light water reactors (LWR), this issue might challenge the economic viability of the AHTR. In order to eliminate or ameliorate this issue, a novel approach to refueling has been developed and proposed, consisting of continuous on-power refueling, or on-line refueling, in which the refueling procedure is performed at full power or partially reduced power (the reactor is not shut down) and a single assembly is removed for each refueling operation. A systematic neutronic and thermal-hydraulic analysis approach has been developed and performed to assess the viability and safety of the refueling operations, followed by the evaluation of the core design requirements and a quantification of the economic advantages resulting from the implementation of this procedure.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution—Addition and Identification of an Amine

The addition of a nucleophilic functional group to an electron-deficient aromatic ring is a versatile reaction in the modern organic chemistry arsenal. The proper positioning of a leaving group on this ring effectively allows for a substitution reaction to occur. A 3 h laboratory experiment is described in which students utilize a common electrophilic aromatic ring and affect a substitution with an unknown amine, the identity of which is later characterized by the melting point and 1H NMR spectrum of the product.
Association of Hyperpyrexia with Serious Disease in Children

In a prospective study over 7 years, 105 consecutive pediatric patients with hyperpyrexia (temperature > or = 41.1 degrees C [106 degrees F]) were evaluated to determine the incidence, sensitive indicators, and types of illnesses encountered. The incidence of hyperpyrexia in a large urban pediatric emergency department was 0.36 per 1,000 visits or approximately one in 2,759 visits. In patients with temperature > or = 41.1 degrees C, 65 (61.9%) had a serious illness. Pneumonia (33 lobar, three interstitial, two clinical) was the most common diagnosis (36.2%), followed by probable viral illness in 20 (19.0%) of the patients. Bacteremia (6.7%) and bacterial meningitis (5.7%) were less commonly found. Four (3.8%) patients died. The admission rate was 62.9%. Eighteen patients (17.1%) also had seizures. Sensitive indicators to help distinguish those with serious illness, with the exception of clinical appearance, were not found. Pneumonia is commonly found in children with hyperpyrexia. Temperature > or = 41.1 degrees C was associated with a high rate of serious disease.
Electron-Phonon Systems on a Universal Quantum Computer

We present an algorithm that extends existing quantum algorithms for simulating fermion systems in quantum chemistry and condensed matter physics to include bosons in general and phonons in particular. We introduce a qubit representation for the low-energy subspace of phonons which allows an efficient simulation of the evolution operator of the electron-phonon systems. As a consequence of the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem, the phonons are represented with exponential accuracy on a discretized Hilbert space with a size that increases linearly with the cutoff of the maximum phonon number. The additional number of qubits required by the presence of phonons scales linearly with the size of the system. The additional circuit depth is constant for systems with finite-range electron-phonon and phonon-phonon interactions and linear for long-range electron-phonon interactions. Our algorithm for a Holstein polaron problem was implemented on an Atos quantum learning machine quantum simulator employing the quantum phase estimation method. The energy and the phonon number distribution of the polaron state agree with exact diagonalization results for weak, intermediate, and strong electron-phonon coupling regimes.
The Experience of Partners of Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: an Integrative Review.

The purpose of this review was to synthesize the research on the experience of partners living with adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Eleven studies were included in the review. Three themes on the experience of living with a person with T1D were identified: the undercurrent of hypoglycemia, partners’ involvement in diabetes care, and the impact on partners’ lives. Due to considerable fear of hypoglycemia, partners had pervasive and deliberate ways in which they made attempts to minimize hypoglycemia in the person with diabetes and its cascade to a health emergency. As a result, partners of adults with T1D experienced considerable distress and disrupted lives. Partners also expressed a need for more support from family, friends, and health professionals. Research is needed on the partner experience across the lifespan and the specific supportive services they need in order to optimize their health outcomes.
De-risking: An Unintended Negative Consequence of AML/CFT Regulation

A substantial body of anti-money laundering and counter-financing of terror regulations (AML/CFT) has emerged as states attempt to frustrate money launderers and those who would finance terror or undermine sanctions programmes. This chapter argues that there may be serious unintended negative consequences of the way in which these regulations are currently implemented. We detail extensive suggestive evidence of such unintended consequences, namely negative impacts on the money transfer and correspondent banking sectors. While those negative effects are at least partly caused by AML/CFT regulation, it is impossible to identify the strength of this relationship without much better data. That is why this chapter ends with a call for better data collection and data sharing and makes recommendations for how this could be brought about.
Filaments, Chains, and Solitons

One of the most successful applications of the theory of nonlinear integrable systems on free one-dimensional systems is related to the existence of solitons on filaments. In the following we describe such systems from the hydrodynamic perspective and obtain the vortex filament equation, also called the binormal equation. Next, we describe a gas dynamical model which has an equivalent dynamics, and we obtain several soliton solutions and corresponding shapes. One interesting special feature of vortex filaments, namely by representing a unifying model for the Riccati and the NLS equations, is also presented. There are many applications of these nonlinear-geometric models, extending from nuclear physics to severe weather and astrophysics. In solid state physics filament solitons occur through the complex cubic Ginzburg-Landau equation (CCGLE) which resembles a magnetic Schrodinger equation, [197], similar to the cubic NLS equation. The nonlinear solutions of interest are strings and tubes with quantized angular momentum, namely vortex structures, their stability and their interactions [258, 51].
How Firm Divestiture Experience Affects Divestiture Value

There is a rich stream of research in the corporate strategy literature, particularly in the context of firm scope change, that has considered whether there is a relationship between firm experience and value generation and under what conditions this relationship may hold. In this paper, we complement and extend this work by investigating the fundamental question of how firm experience affects value. To do so, we set our study in the context of corporate divestiture and examine the divestitures of public, U.S.-headquartered firms over a twenty-six year period. We theoretically disaggregate divestiture value to surface three primary mechanisms in the divestiture process – divestiture duration, unit price and completion – and hypothesize that these mechanisms mediate the relationship between divestiture experience and divestiture value. Our analysis reveals that these mechanisms competitively mediate the divestiture experience- value relationship, and further shows that unit price plays a relatively large r...
Palliative care education in U.S. adult neuro-oncology fellowship programs.

Palliative care (PC) for patients with neuro-oncological diseases positively impacts morbidity and mortality. No studies have evaluated whether neuro-oncology fellows receive formal PC education during fellowship. The purpose of this study was to describe the PC education and identify education needs of US neuro-oncology fellowship programs. Program directors (PDs) of US neuro-oncology fellowships were surveyed. The electronic survey included qualitative and quantitative questions. Of 26 programs with fellows, 17 completed surveys (65% response rate) of which 3 (18%) offered no formal PC education. The methods most utilized were formal didactics (seminars/conferences) and self-directed reading materials. One-third of programs have developed their own teaching materials. Communication was the domain identified as most important, the domain fellows were most well-trained in, and the domain PDs felt most comfortable providing for their own patients. Addressing spiritual distress and initiating life-prolonging therapies were the domains PDs identified as being least important, fellows were least well trained in, and PDs were least comfortable providing for their own patients. Most programs (83%) were satisfied with the PC education available at their program. Time for teaching and faculty availability were the most common barriers. Neuro-oncology PDs recognize the need for PC education, which is currently offered in some form by most programs, but the content and methods of delivery are heterogenous. Interdisciplinary educational teams and nationally-available PC educational material may improve implementation of PC education in neuro-oncology.
Correction to: Differences in bone quality and strength between Asian and Caucasian young men

The second name of the ninth author, X.E. Guo, was incorrectly coded as part of his surname. The publisher apologises for the inconvenience caused.
Trends in police research: a cross-sectional analysis of the 2010-2014 literature

This review provides a cross-sectional analysis of the police literature for years 2000 to 2014. It represents the ninth special feature review of police research published in Police Practice and Research: An International Journal. The study reports on trends over time in police literature according to substantive categories, publication medium, and methodological typology. The study also relies on findings from prior police research reviews as a basis for a discussion of the long-term patterns of police research over time from 2000 to 2014. A topically organized bibliography of the 2010 to 2014 police literature reviewed is also provided.
Repurposing of a Nucleoside Scaffold from Adenosine Receptor Agonists to Opioid Receptor Antagonists

While screening off-target effects of rigid (N)-methanocarba-adenosine 5′-methylamides as A3 adenosine receptor (AR) agonists, we discovered μM binding hits at the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) and translocator protein (TSPO). In an effort to increase OR and decrease AR affinity by structure activity analysis of this series, antagonist activity at κ-(K)OR appeared in 5′-esters (ethyl 24 and propyl 30), which retained TSPO interaction (μM). 7-Deaza modification of C2-(arylethynyl)-5′-esters but not 4′-truncation enhanced KOR affinity (MRS7299 28 and 29, Ki ≈ 40 nM), revealed μ-OR and DOR binding, and reduced AR affinity. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations located a putative KOR binding mode consistent with the observed affinities, placing C7 in a hydrophobic region. 3-Deaza modification permitted TSPO but not OR binding, and 1-deaza was permissive to both; ribose-restored analogues were inactive at both. Thus, we have repurposed a known AR nucleoside scaffold for OR antagonism, with a detailed hypothesis...
Fetal Positions: Fetal Visualization, Public Art, and Abortion Politics

The interrelation of scientific and aesthetic visual norms employed in anatomic sculptures opens novel and effective persuasive registers in debates around bodily autonomy. Using Damien Hirst’s installation The Miraculous Journey as a case study, this study posits that these visual representations of reproduction signify beyond the body, demonstrating the ways that pregnancy and childbirth embody political, national, and cultural possibilities. Tracing the sculptures’ adoption as evidence by anti-abortion activists in United States debates over abortion care, this article argues that the liminal disciplinary site of the sculptures makes them uniquely effective in humanizing the fetus. While there is a growing body of work examining the rhetorical function of visualizing technologies in medical practice, there is little work on the function of such images in public culture. This article responds to calls from rhetoricians of STEMM for further examination of science’s visual rhetoric, as well as greater engagement with non-expert rhetorics of science.
Chronic fluoxetine treatment in vivo enhances excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus.

Depression is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as fluoxetine, are the most commonly prescribed antidepressant medication. SSRIs produce their therapeutic effects by elevating extracellular concentrations of serotonin. Although this elevation occurs rapidly, there is a paradoxical delay of weeks-to-months of continuous treatment before most patients experience meaningful relief of their depressive symptoms. Here, we address the effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment and prolonged elevation of serotonin in the rat hippocampus. Previous work has shown that acute administration of fluoxetine rapidly potentiates the excitatory temporoammonic synapse onto CA1 pyramidal cells in the hippocampus via activation of serotonin 1B receptor in brain slices. In contrast to observations in brain slices, we report here that prolonged administration of fluoxetine was required to produce significant changes in temporoammonic-CA1 synaptic strength in ex vivo brain slices. Evidence of potentiation included increases in the ratio of AMPA receptor-to NMDA receptor-mediated temporoammonic-CA1 synaptic responses, occlusion of electrically evoked long-term potentiation, enhanced long-term depression, impaired anpirtoline-mediated potentiation, and impaired memory recall in the Morris water maze task. These synaptic and behavioral changes coincided with the alleviation of anhedonic behavioral state. We conclude that the effects of elevated serotonin accumulate slowly in vivo and may account for the delay to relief of depressive symptoms by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Acceleration of this process should lead to faster therapeutic responses to antidepressants.
NADPH production by the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway supports folate metabolism

NADPH donates high-energy electrons for antioxidant defence and reductive biosynthesis. Cytosolic NADP is recycled to NADPH by the oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway (oxPPP), malic enzyme 1 (ME1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). Here we show that any one of these routes can support cell growth, but the oxPPP is uniquely required to maintain a normal NADPH/NADP ratio, mammalian dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity and folate metabolism. These findings are based on CRISPR deletions of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, the committed oxPPP enzyme), ME1, IDH1 and combinations thereof in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Loss of G6PD results in high NADP, which induces compensatory increases in ME1 and IDH1 flux. But the high NADP inhibits DHFR, resulting in impaired folate-mediated biosynthesis, which is reversed by recombinant expression of Escherichia coli DHFR. Across different cancer cell lines, G6PD deletion produced consistent changes in folate-related metabolites, suggesting a general requirement for the oxPPP to support folate metabolism. The oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway (oxPPP) is a major NADPH producer. Here the authors show that malic enzyme or isocitrate dehydrogenase can support the growth of cells lacking the oxPPP, but the oxPPP is necessary to maintain a normal NADPH/NADP ratio, DHFR activity and folate metabolism.
Energy Efficient Cellular Network User Clustering Using Linear Radius Algorithm.

This paper proposes an adaptive algorithm to maximize energy efficiency in cellular network considering a dynamic user clustering technique. First, a base station (BS) sleeping algorithm is designed, which minimizes the energy consumption to almost more than half. Then a Linear Radius User Clustering algorithm is modeled. Using feedback channel state information to the base station, the algorithm varies the mobile cell radius adaptively to minimize a total energy consumption of overall cellular network based on the threshold user density. The minimum distance where a Mobile Station can get a signal from the base station without a significant effect on human health can be located. Since the Base Station with modern scanner installed on its transmitter part can scan 390 times per second, the time scale to marginalize users from the coverage under threshold densities is in milliseconds. As a result, there is no significant effect on quality of services when the cell coverage is zoomed in/out periodically. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can considerably reduce energy consumption compared with the cases where a base station is always turned on with constant maximum transmit power.
Intra-Household Labour Allocation, Migration, and Remittances in Rural El Salvador

AbstractMigration can affect labour participation decisions back home, either by stimulating work to replace foregone labour, or reducing it through the role of remittances. Using evidence from a r...
Evaluation of tobacco use and HER2 receptor expression in breast cancer in an ethnically diverse inner-city population.

Background: Tobacco is linked to most cancers however despite overwhelming biological plausibility and decades of epidemiological studies, no association has been established between tobacco and breast cancer. Although estrogen receptor status has been looked at as a variable there has been no evaluation of the role of Her-2 and smoking in breast cancer. Methods: Review of records from patients treated at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital from 1998-2012. The incidence of smoking and Her-2 expression in1255 women was evaluated. Data was analyzed by age, race, ethnic group, menopausal status, tumor stage, and ER/PR/Her-2 receptor status. Results: 1255 charts were analyzed with 1094 having full information. Overall rate of Her-2 expression 18.1%. The rate of Her-2 expression was 21.4% in smokers and 17.0% in non-smokers (p = 0.10). The rate of Her-2 expression was 10.8% in Caucasian smokers and 9.8% in Caucasian nonsmokers (p = 0.88); 24.5% in smokers of African descent and 17.3% in non-smokers of African descent (p = 0.24); 22.9% in Latino smokers and 17.4% in Latino non-smokers (p = 0.10). The rate of Her-2/ER expression was 9.4% in smokers and 7.9% in non-smokers (p = 0.42); 5.4% in Caucasian smokers and 4.9% in Caucasian non-smokers (p = 0.916); 12.2% in smokers of African descent and 5.9% in non-smokers of African descent (p = 0.11); 9.5% in Latin smokers and 8.8% in Latin non-smokers (p = 0.77). Conclusions: We found non-statistically significant positive associations in all analyses between Her-2 expression with or without ER expression and tobacco exposure when analyzed by ethnicity.
Large Single Institution Comparison of Perioperative Outcomes and Complications of Open Radical Cystectomy, Intracorporeal Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy and Robotic Extracorporeal Approach.

Purpose:Bladder cancer management options include open radical cystectomy and robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal or extracorporeal urinary diversion. The existing literature show...
A newborn RNA switches its fate.

Riboswitches enable microbes to rapidly respond to changing levels of metabolites. A high-throughput platform reveals how RNA structural transitions kinetically compete during transcription in a new mechanism for riboswitch function.
Persistence and stability analysis of discrete-time predator–prey models: a study of population and evolutionary dynamics

Prolonged exposure to disturbances, such as toxicants, has the potential to result in evolutionary responses in a population. These evolutionary responses may impact not just that species but also ...