cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the benefits of short-term weather forecasting for Ka-band (32 GHz)

Due to spectrum limitations at lower frequencies, NASA's Deep Space Network is currently implementing Ka-band (32 GHz) tracking capabilities at all of its deep space communication complexes (DSCC's). Since weather effects and increases in the atmospheric noise temperature associated with them are the biggest uncontrollable factors in the performance of a Ka-band deep space telecommunications link, use of algorithms to forecast the atmospheric noise temperature for a pass is desirable. In this paper, an analytical method for comparing the performance of an ideal forecasting algorithm to the best statistical methods in terms of average data return is derived. This methodology is applied to two different cases. In the first case, the spacecraft cannot change its data rate during the pass. In the second case, the spacecraft can continuously vary its data rate. This methodology is applied to four different elevation profiles whose maximum elevation varies from less than 30 degrees to greater than 80 degrees for Goldstone, Madrid and Canberra DSCC's. This analysis shows that for the fixed data rate case, while the forecasting does not significantly increase the average data return on the link (between 0.2 dB and 0.4 dB, depending on the DSCC and the elevation profile) it does improve the reliability of the link significantly (in ideal case to 100%). For the continuously variable data rate case, forecasting improves both the average data return (by between 1 dB and 1.9 dB depending on the elevation profile and the DSCC) and the reliability of the link (in ideal case to 100%).
Prospects for using the (e, e′γ) reaction to explore nuclear structure

Abstract The (e, e′γ) coincidence reaction is considered in detail. The formalism is developed in a way which emphasizes the connection between this reaction and studies of the scattering of (possibly polarized) electrons from polarized nuclei. A wide variety of examples is given to demonstrate the usefulness of the (e, e′γ) reaction for nuclear structure studies and to demonstrate how this reaction serves as both a complement and a supplement to electron scattering from polarized nuclei. Finally, a few cases of special interest are discussed.
Object permanence in the African Grey parrot ( Psittacus erithacus )

An African Grey parrot was assessed for object permanence using tasks designed for human infants. The subject showed concepts of object permanence directly comparable to primate and nonprimate mammalian species similarly tested. Because the subject has also been the focus of a study on interspecies communication, the results are discussed in terms of the possible relationship between sensorimotor intelligence and language-like behaviors.
A conceptual design using harmonics to reduce pilfering of electricity

Electricity theft is a major problem in developing countries and it has been very difficult for the utility companies to detect and fight against the people responsible for theft. This paper proposes an architectural design of smart meter, external control station, harmonic generator, and filter circuit, which can detect and chastise the appliances of people responsible for electricity theft. The motivation of this work is to deject the illegal consumers, and conserve and effectively utilize energy. As well, smart meters are designed to provide data of various parameters related to instantaneous power consumption. Dynamic behavior of such meters can be managed and controlled by utility companies. Total loss in the distribution feeder is computed by the external control station from the values of total load consumption and technical losses in the distribution feeder. If considerable amount of non-technical losses are detected at any given feeder, harmonic generator is operated for introducing harmonics into the feeder for destroying the appliances of the illegal consumers. In addition, harmonic analysis of the distribution feeder and consumer appliances due to the presence of harmonics is carried out to estimate the effect of induced harmonics. For illustration, cost-benefit analysis for implementation/maintenance of the proposed system in India is presented.
Interleukin-1 enhances beta-responsiveness of cardiac L-type calcium current suppressed by acidosis

Modulation of the beta-adrenergic control of the cardiac L-type Ca2+ current (ICa) by human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) was examined in guinea pig ventricular myocytes using the whole cell voltage-clamp technique. ICa was evoked in Cs(+)-loaded myocytes by depolarizing pulses from a holding potential of -40 mV. In the presence of an acidic external solution (pH 5.8), the response of ICa to isoproterenol (Iso; 0.01 and 1 microM) was markedly decreased compared with control myocytes studied at pH 7.4. However, when cells were pretreated with 1 ng/ml IL-1 and then exposed to acid media, beta-responsiveness was significantly increased compared with untreated cells. Despite this effect of IL-1, maximum ICa density with 0.01 and 1 microM Iso was still 51 and 58%, respectively, less than that measured at pH 7.4. The enhanced beta-responsiveness produced by IL-1 was eliminated by adding amiloride to block Na+/H+ exchange or protein kinase C inhibitors staurosporine (10 nM) and calphostin C (50 nM). However, a direct activator of protein kinase C, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, did not mimic the effects of the cytokine. These data demonstrate that IL-1 partially restores the beta-adrenergic control of cardiac Ca2+ channels suppressed under acidic conditions. Moreover, they suggest that IL-1 acts by enhancing Na+/H+ exchange through a second messenger pathway that may involve protein kinase C. These cellular mechanisms may play a role in altering ventricular function during cytokine-mediated inflammatory processes that are initiated by myocardial ischemia.
Aggregation Number-Based Degrees of Counterion Dissociation in Sodium n-Alkyl Sulfate Micelles

Values of the degree of counterion dissociation, α, for sodium n-alkyl sulfate micelles, denoted by SNcS, where Nc is the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, are defined by asserting that the aggregation number, N, is dependent only on the concentration, Caq, of counterions in the aqueous pseudophase. By using different combinations of surfactant and added salt concentrations to yield the same value of N, α can be determined, independent of the experimental method. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements of the hyperfine spacings of two nitroxide spin probes, 16- and 5-doxylstearic acid methyl ester (16DSE and 5DSE, respectively), are employed to determine whether micelles from two samples have the same value of N to high precision. The EPR spectra are different for the two spin probes, but the values of α are the same, within experimental error, as they must be. In agreement with recent work on S12S and with prevailing thought in the literature, values of α are constant as a function of N. Th...
The early history and characteristics of PL/I

Source material for a written history of PL/I has been preserved and is available in dozens of cartons, each packed with memos, evaluations, language control logs, etc. A remembered history of PL/I is retrievable by listening to as many people, each of whom was deeply involved in one aspect of its progress. This paper is an attempt to gather together and evaluate what I and some associates could read and recall in a few months. There is enough material left for several dissertations.The exercise is important, I think, not only because of the importance of PL/I, but because of the breadth of its subject matter. Since PL/I took as its scope of applicability virtually all of programming, the dialogues about its various parts encompass a minor history of computer science in the middle sixties. There are debates among numerical analysts about arithmetic, among language experts about syntax, name scope, block structure, etc., among systems programmers about multi-tasking, exception handling, I/O, and more.
In reply to 'the myth of the future burden of CKD in United States'.

In our AJKD article, we reported estimates of the future prevalence of CKD using existing definitions of the disease.1 In their letter, Drs Delanaye, El Nahas, and Glassock state that the high prevalence of CKD in persons aged 65 and older is primarily due to aging and does not represent an added mortality risk.2 A few studies have indeed found that estimated GFR values between 45 and 59 mL/min/1.73 m2 are not associated with increased mortality.3 However, other large epidemiologic studies have found that the relative and absolute risks of mortality are higher for the elderly with estimated GFR in this range than for the elderly with greater estimated GFR levels, even after controlling for albuminuria.4,5 Thus, we believe that CKD staging does provide prognostic information for persons aged 65 and older. We agree with Delanaye et al that not all persons who reach CKD stage 3a will progress to more advanced CKD stages; however, we disagree with their statement that “clearly stage 3a neither progresses to more severe stages nor shortens life expectancy” in persons aged 65 and older.
Andean exceptionalism and the new Inka scholarship

Grand theories of human social organisation have sometimes struggled to find a place for the Inka empire, which achieved an unprecedented degree of state power across the Andean region of western South America for a few generations in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries AD. This is in part because the Inka realm looked so different from the ancient empires of Eurasia. The axis of Inka power ran north�south through some of the most diverse and difficult terrain on the planet, and Inka material culture and institutions lacked many of the Western hallmarks of civilisation. In Ancient society (1877), Lewis Henry Morgan relegated the Inkas to a status of �middle barbarism� for possessing only Bronze Age metallurgy, placing a realm of perhaps 10 million inhabitants in the company of the Puebloan peoples of the American Southwest and the society that built Stonehenge. More than a century later, the sociologist Michael Mann (1986) offered the Inkas as an exception to his general model for wielding so much power without using writing, currency or low-cost forms of transportation.
Reducing MCMC Computational Cost with a Two Layered Bayesian Approach

One of the major challenges in the implementation sampling techniques in the Bayesian approaches is the computational cost involved with the estimation of the likelihood and/or posterior, especially in problems where the models being updated are computationally expensive. This paper proposes the use of surrogate models in a two-layer Bayesian approach to reduce the computational cost of estimating these PDF. In the first layer, the posterior is written in a traditional manner. The second layer attempts to estimate the PDF of the first layer with a surrogate model. Only a few runs of the structural model are needed to create the required samples. Preliminary results are shown with a numerical example to identify the stiffness of a structural system. Only ten simulations of the structural model are used to estimate the posterior PDF.
Contrasting bonding behavior of two hydroxyl-bearing metamorphic minerals under pressure: Clinozoisite and topaz

Clinozoisite and topaz are examined to pressures of 36 and 24 GPa, respectively, at 300 K using infrared spectroscopy. Both minerals metastably persist throughout this pressure range at ambient temperature. Both stretching and bending vibrations of the silicate tetrahedra are tracked upon compression and decompression of each phase, as are their hydroxyl-stretching vibrations. The hydroxyl-stretching vibrations lie at 3650 cm−1 in topaz and 3351 cm−1 in clinozoisite and shift by 0.6 (±0.3) cm−1/GPa and −5.1 (±0.9) cm−1/GPa, respectively. Therefore, the hydrogen bonding in clinozoisite and topaz responds completely differently to pressure: hydrogen bonding increases in clinozoisite, but decreases in topaz. The clinozoisite hydroxyl-stretching vibration also broadens by almost a factor of six under compression. Both the clinozoisite peak shift and its pressure-induced broadening are simulated using a model of the hydrogen bond potential. The markedly different structural responses of these two minerals to pressure are interpreted on crystal-chemical grounds, and demonstrate that the bonding of hydrogen in possible subduction-related hydrous phases varies dramatically, depending on crystal chemistry.
E-068 Spinal Cord Infarction After Bronchial Artery Embolisation

Introduction Bronchial artery emoblisation (BAE) has been shown to be an effective and successful approach to control massive haemoptysis. One of the most feared complications of this procedure is spinal cord injury secondary to embolisation of a radicular artery. Superselective microcatheter usage has been thought to reduce that complication. Herein, we report a case of thoracic spinal cord infarction despite the usage of a microcatheter. Methods Case Report. Results A 44-year old woman with a history of stable cervical spinal stenosis, pulmonary sarcoidosis and aspergilloma complicated by recurrent haemoptysis from the left upper lobe underwent a successful bronchial artery embolisation with 500–700 µm embospheres. A few hours after the completion of the procedure, she developed symptoms of left leg weakness, right truncal and leg numbness and urinary hesitancy, all of which waxed and waned over a period of a few days. MRI of the cervical and thoracic spine with gadolinium enhancement sequences, performed 3 days after symptom onset, showed the presence of an infarct in the left paracentral cord at the level of T1 (figure 1). DWI sequences were also performed and corroborated that finding (images not shown). She markedly improved 4 days after symptom onset and was discharged home. Conclusion Spinal cord injury after bronchial artery embolisation has been reported to occur at a prevalence of 1.4-6.5%. Newer reports have documented a much lower prevalence with the advent of superselective microcatheter usage. This report underscores the importance of recognising such a complication after BAE despite microcatheter usage. Disclosures A. Jammoul: None. M. Hussain: None.
The Hidden Challenge: Limited Recovery Capital of Drug Court Participants’ Support Networks

Research on drug courts over the past decades has focused primarily on individual predictors of success and/or has examined the effectiveness of various judicial as well as therapeutic intervention strategies. To broaden our understanding of recovery as it occurs within the context of social networks, the following paper discusses the application of a new network-based framework of recovery capital. Participants in a small rural southeastern Adult Drug Court filled out a series of questionnaires and participated in a number of semi-structured interviews that assessed the availability of network-based recovery capital. The findings of this exploratory study suggest that participants possess restrictive resource portfolios and tend to over-rely on therapeutic (artificial) networks for support. Select implications for future research and treatment interventions are discussed.
Cryo-treatment of the renal nerve to the clipped kidney in 2K1C Hypertensive rats: Hemodynamic and neural responses

R renal denervation (DNX) is gaining increasing interest as a modality for treating resistant hypertension. The two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rat is a model of renovascular hypertension. In addition to activation of the reninangiotensinsystem, 2K1C rats display elevated sympathetic activity. Earlier work reported that surgical renal denervation (DNX) decreases mean arterial pressure (MAP) in this model. Since radiofrequency ablation may be problematic in atherosclerotic renal artery disease, we hypothesized that cryo-treatment of the renal nerve to the clipped kidney of 2K-1C rats would decrease MAP, decrease contralateral renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), and improve baroreflex sensitivity. Male Sprague-Dawley rats had sham (SC) or right renal artery clipping (2K1C) and hemodynamic monitoring by telemetry. They were pair fed a 0.4% NaCl diet. Six weeks later,2K1C rats were stratified to moderate (MAP≥140 mmHg) or mild (MAP<140 mmHg) hypertension, instrumentedand underwent sham-DNX or cryo-DNX. All rats were studied in the conscious state. MAP decreased by 16±5 mmHg in the 2K1C cryo-DNXmoderate hypertension group (P<0.05). Cryo-DNX exerted only a small depressor effect in mildly hypertensive 2K1C rats. In the moderately hypertensive 2K1C cryo-DNX rats, contralateral RSNA decreased from 12.2±1.5 to 3.1±3.5 μV.s (P<0.05), a value no different from SC rats 3.3 μV.s. Baroreflex sensitivity of both heart rate and RSNA increased in the cryo-DNX 2K1C rats. Renal tissue norepinephrine decreased by 73% in the DNX kidney; renal tissue Ang II was not altered. Approaches using cryo-treatment to ablate renal nerves may provide an adjunctive therapeutic modality in resistant renovascular hypertension.
Adolescent predictors of female dating violence perpetration

ABSTRACTTeen dating violence is a significant problem impacting the adolescent experience with adolescent females at-risk to perpetrate violence. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) was used to assess perpetration risk behaviors through an examination into adolescent behaviors that shape their dating experiences. This study examined adolescent female perpetration of dating violence and the associations between alcohol use, racial identification, and delinquency using a nationally representative longitudinal sample. It was hypothesized that both models would predict dating violence perpetration based on prior knowledge and research studies that have been conducted among adolescent samples. Although risk behaviors were present among adolescents in this nationally representative sample, threats of violence and physical perpetration of violence were reported at levels lower than hypothesized. The findings of this study identified adolescent female minorities as being at an increa...
Private Equity, the Rise of Unicorns, and the Reincarnation of Control‐based Accounting

This article discusses the rise of intangibles-intensive companies and private equity (PE) since the late 1970s, and the role of both in bringing about the creation of a streamlined, more flexible set of accounting rules that, since their approval by the IASB and FASB in 2009, have been used by private companies and their investors. The PE industry comprises both venture capital (VC) firms that fund high-growth enterprises and leveraged buyout (LBO) firms that fund more traditional, cash-generating operations. Mainly because of the greater risks associated with both VC-backed firms and LBOs—risks that make them ill-suited for most public investors—such companies tend to require the more direct and active oversight provided by PE investors. And as the author goes on to argue, the more direct and active ownership of PE investors, as compared to the governance provided by most public-company boards, suggests that financial accounting and reporting play a fundamentally different role in private than in public companies. Whereas the primary role of public-company GAAP has increasingly (since the creation of the SEC in 1933) been to provide information for outside investors when valuing companies, the most important function of accounting reports in private companies is internal control—more specifically, ensuring that the interests of the managers of their portfolio companies are aligned with those of all the providers of capital. And recognizing this difference in the role of accounting, both the IASB and FASB responded to the requests of various parties (including private companies) by approving in 2009 the use by private companies of a streamlined and more flexible set of accounting standards. To the extent that the workings of PE markets continue to reduce the numbers of U.S. public companies, the author predicts that the resulting increase in the use of private-company GAAP will continue to shift the primary role of accounting away from valuation and back toward its traditional roots in internal control and corporate governance.
A Reassessment of the Red Blood Cell Folate Assay

Abstract 3209 Background: The red blood cell folate (RCF) assay has historically been recommended as a more reliable indicator of tissue folate stores compared to the serum folate (SF) assay, as it is not affected by recent ingestion of food. However, the RCF assay suffers from inherent problems with imprecision and accuracy, which are not encountered with SF measurements. Furthermore, following the advent of required folic acid supplementation of many foods by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1992, folate deficiency is increasingly rare. Very few studies have looked at the value of the RCF versus the SF. We undertook a 10 year retrospective analysis of RCF and SF results to determine the clinical utility of RCF beyond that of SF. Methods: We retrieved all RCF and SF results from the laboratory information system at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) ordered on inpatients and outpatients between 1999–2009. Data for patients who had concurrent orders for SF and RCF were analyzed and chart reviews were conducted on those patients with normal SF but low RCF. Abnormal values were defined by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES)/Center for Disease Control (CDC) criteria for folate deficiency (SF Results: A total of 152,166 SF and 15,708 RCF were performed over the decade of the study. The prevalence of folate deficiency using only SF values was 0.39% and 0.27% using only RCF values. There were 1082 patients in which SFA and RCFA were ordered concurrently (Table 1). Only 1 patient (0.09%) had both abnormal SF and RCF. Chart reviews of the 4 patients with a normal SF but low RCF were as follows: 1) a 6 year old (yo). male with known folic acid transporter deficiency treated with Leucovorin. 2) a 58 yo male with history of gout, hypertension, psoriasis, and hyperlipidemia with normal hemoglobin (Hb) and MCV. 3) a 65 yo male with chronic diarrhea and suspected alcohol abuse; slight macrocytosis (MCV=100.3 fL) but normal Hb. 4) a 51 yo male with multifactorial gait disorder and alcohol abuse. There was a previous history of vitamin B12 deficiency but B12 levels were normal at this time. The CBC was notable for macrocytosis (MCV=115.1 fL) without anemia. Only in patient 4 did the RCF value result in the institution of folic acid supplementation. Conclusions: The RCF provides no additional information beyond that provided by the SF in virtually all situations. Thus SF alone is sufficient for assessment of folate stores. However, there is no evidence to support routine ordering of either SF or RCF, as true folate deficiency in the current era of FDA mandated folic acid supplementation is exceedingly rare. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Relations among Auditory Brainstem and Middle Latency Response Measures, Categorical Loudness Judgments, and Their Associated Physical Intensities

This study characterizes changes in response properties of toneburst-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and/or middle latency responses (MLRs) as a function of perceived loudness and physical intensity of these stimuli and delineates the range of levels corresponding to categorical loudness judgments for these stimuli. ABRs/MLRs were recorded simultaneously to 500- and 2,000-Hz tonebursts in 10 normal-hearing adults at levels corresponding to each listener's loudness judgments for four categories on Contour Test of Loudness. Group mean ABR wave V and MLR wave Pa latency values increased significantly as loudness judgments decreased. Group mean amplitude values for ABR wave V-V' and MLR wave Na-Pa increased as the listeners' categorical judgments increased. Listeners assigned a broad range (30 to 40 dB) of stimulus intensities when judging loudness of these stimuli within a specific loudness category. This was true for all four loudness categories and both frequencies. Thus, it appears that tone-evoked ABR/MLR response measures reflect, in part, the listener's perception of loudness. Response latencies are a more sensitive indicator of listener's loudness percept than corresponding response amplitudes. An appreciable range of signal levels was judged to be categorically equivalent across listeners. Thus, limiting how loudness judgments can be applied to prescriptive hearing aid fittings in individuals who cannot provide accurate loudness judgments.
Pilot study of sorafenib and biweekly capecitabine in patients with advanced breast and gastrointestinal tumors.

2561 Background: Combination of sorafenib (S) and capecitabine (C) has shown clinical activity in single arm and randomized phase II trials of patients (pts) with metastatic breast (B) or GI (G) tu...
Cybermaterials: materials by design and accelerated insertion of materials

Cybermaterials innovation entails an integration of Materials by Design and accelerated insertion of materials (AIM), which transfers studio ideation into industrial manufacturing. By assembling a hierarchical architecture of integrated computational materials design (ICMD) based on materials genomic fundamental databases, the ICMD mechanistic design models accelerate innovation. We here review progress in the development of linkage models of the process-structure–property-performance paradigm, as well as related design accelerating tools. Extending the materials development capability based on phase-level structural control requires more fundamental investment at the level of the Materials Genome, with focus on improving applicable parametric design models and constructing high-quality databases. Future opportunities in materials genomic research serving both Materials by Design and AIM are addressed.
RNA-seq implicates deregulation of the immune system in the pathogenesis of diverticulitis.

By using an unbiased approach to analyze transcripts expressed in unaffected colonic tissues adjacent to those affected by chronic diverticulitis, our study implicates that a defect in the immune r...
Compression Behavior of Mine Tailings Amended with Cementitious Binders

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fly ash amendment on the compression behavior of mine tailings. Natural and synthetic (i.e., laboratory prepared) mine tailings were used to assess the effects of tailings composition and tailings solids content on compressibility. Three types of off-specification fly ashes and Type I–II Portland cement were used as cementitious binders. Tailings-fly ash mixtures were prepared at solids content of 60–75% (water content = 33–67%), water-to-binder ratios of 2.5 and 5, and were cured for 0.1 days (2 h), 7, and 28 days. Bi-linear compression curves on semi-log plots were observed in most of the binder-amended tailings specimens. The break in slope on the compression curve was identified as the breaking stress, whereupon cementitious bonds were broken. The breaking stress increased with an increase in fly ash content, which was attributed to a lower water-to-binder ratio and void volume-to-binder volume ratio that produced more effective particle bonding. Breaking stress also increased with an increase in CaO content and CaO-to-SiO2 ratio of fly ash, which resulted in more effective bonding between particles. The effect of curing time on the breaking stress of fly ash amended specimens was characterized by (1) an increase in breaking stress via increase in curing time and cementitious bond formation or (2) a constant breaking stress with curing time due to competing mechanisms during loading. Specimens cured under a vertical stress showed an increase in breakings stress with applied load water removal prior to cementitious bond formation that reduced the water-to-binder ratio and led to more effective cementation.
Abstract 4846: The metastasis suppressor NME1 is recruited to DNA double strand breaks

NME1 is a potent suppressor of metastasis, and reduced expression has been associated with aggressive melanoma. The nucleoside diphosphate kinase and 3’-5’ exonuclease (3’-5’ EXO) activities of NME1 protein both contribute to its metastasis suppressor activity. 3’-5’ exonucleases are important for proofreading during DNA repair and synthesis, suggesting a potential role for NME1 in maintenance of genomic stability in melanoma. Although impairment of DNA repair activity has been implicated in melanoma risk, its contribution to melanoma initiation and progression is not well understood. We have shown previously that both enzymatic activities of NME1 are critical for repair of UV-induced DNA damage via nucleotide excision repair. In the current study, chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to demonstrate recruitment of NME1 to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), representing the first evidence of direct recruitment of NME1 to sites of DNA damage. Induction of DSBs with gamma irradiation (γ-IR) or bleomycin promoted rapid physical association of NME1 with γH2AX, ATM, NBS1 and RAD50. In addition, treatment of melanoma cells with γ-IR triggered a physical association of NME1 with XRCC4, an effector of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway. We are currently investigating whether knockout of NME1 induces a switch from NHEJ to the homologous recombination (HR) pathway, a slower but higher fidelity form of DSB repair, using plasmid repair assays. We are also using plasmid rescue to study the role of NME1 on the fidelity of NHEJ repair. Overall, our study indicates for the first time direct participation of NME1 in a molecular mechanism of DSB repair in both normal and transformed cells. In addition, these data suggest a novel mechanism of metastasis suppressor function for NME1, with loss of NME expression in tumor cells conferring genetic instability and enhanced metastatic potential. Citation Format: Gemma S. Puts, Stuart G. Jarrett, Devin Snyder, Richard Vincent, Ying Wang, Katie Leonard, Ben Portney, Feyruz Rassool, Michal Zalzman, David M. Kaetzel. The metastasis suppressor NME1 is recruited to DNA double strand breaks [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4846. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4846
Classification, Morphology, Molecular Pathogenesis, and Outcome of Premalignant Lesions of the Pancreas.

Context.— Invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma has a greater than 90% mortality rate at 5 years. Understanding noninvasive, curable precursor lesions gives us the best hope for reducing mortality from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The 3 pancreatic precursor lesions that have been well studied include intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Objective.— To give an update on the latest clinical, molecular, and pathologic advances in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, mucinous cystic neoplasm, and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia for the general surgical pathologist. Data Sources.— The current literature was analyzed and the authors' experiences with institutional and consult material were incorporated. Conclusions.— Our understanding of the molecular alterations that lead from pancreatic precursor lesion to invasive carcinoma continues to evolve. These advances aid clinicians in their treatment decisions and researchers i...
The Mazama returns: the politics and possibilities of tribal land reacquisition

After years of policies that undermined tribal sovereignty and land ownership, tribal access to traditional lands has expanded in the U.S., with growing opportunities for tribal land reacquisition. This is occurring within the context of changing rural land use, policies, and tenures, as timber and ranch land owners have divested ownership, resulting in greater land availability. This case study explores, through a political ecology lens, trends connecting rising tribal capacity and power with access to traditional lands, and the connections between politics, economics, race, power, and ecological change. This case provides lessons for indigenous land re-acquisition elsewhere, as indigenous groups globally gain access to political decisionmaking processes and seek to reacquire or rehabilitate their traditional homelands. We explore these trends through the case of the Klamath Tribes in south central Oregon, where the recent breakup of formerly industrial timberland has afforded the Tribes the opportunity to purchase the Mazama Tree Farm, a 36,000 ha part of the former Klamath Reservation. Though the Mazama has not (at the time of publication) been purchased by the Klamath Tribes, they have poised themselves to do so through a series of mechanisms that are driven by increasing tribal capacity, including the capacity to manage forests and to conduct successful negotiations over land and water use. Key words: Tribal capacity, forest restoration, American West, rural restructuring, industrial forest use
Chilaiditi's syndrome: what should every surgeon know?

Demetrius Chilaiditi first described an incidental radiological findings of hepatodiaphragmatic interposition of bowel in 1910. The condition could be mistaken for pneumoperitoneum. This radiographic entity, known as Chilaiditi's sign, is found in asymptomatic patients and must be distinguished from Chilaiditi's syndrome, which produces symptomatology associated with the bowel interposition. A review of the literature yielded 27 published cases of Chilaiditi's syndrome. These cases were compiled to evaluate various aspects of this rare but important entity.
Insulin increases mRNA levels of protein kinase C-alpha and -beta in rat adipocytes and protein kinase C-alpha, -beta and -theta in rat skeletal muscle.

Effects of insulin of levels of mRNA encoding protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha, PKC-beta, PKC-epsilon and PKC-theta were examined by ribonuclease protection assay in primary cultures of rat adipocytes in vitro, and in rat adipose tissue and gastrocnemius muscle in vivo. In all cases, insulin increased the levels of PKC-alpha mRNA and PKC-beta mRNA, and, in muscle, insulin also increased the level of PKC-theta mRNA. PKC-epsilon mRNA levels, on the other hand, were not altered significantly. Insulin also stimulated the apparent translocation of PKC-alpha, -beta, -epsilon and -theta, to the membrane fractions of adipocytes, adipose tissue and gastrocnemius muscles, and, in some instances, total PKC levels were diminished, e.g. PKC-alpha and PKC-beta in cultured adipocytes in vitro and/or whole adipose tissue in vivo, and PKC-alpha and PKC-theta in the gastrocnemius muscle. Thus, insulin-induced increases in PKC mRNA may have been partly compensatory in nature to restore PKC levels following translocation and proteolytic losses. However, much more severe depletion of PKC-alpha and PKC-beta by phorbol ester treatment in cultured rat adipocytes in vitro resulted in, if anything, smaller increases in PKC-alpha mRNA and PKC-beta mRNA, and it therefore appears that insulin effects on PKC mRNA levels were not simply due to decreases in respective PKC levels. In addition, effects of insulin, particularly on PKC-beta mRNA, could not be attributed to increased glucose metabolism, which alone decreased PKC-beta mRNA in cultured adipocytes in vitro. We conclude that insulin-induced translocation and degradation of PKC-alpha, PKC-beta and PKC-theta are attended by selective increases in their mRNAs. This mechanism of increasing mRNA may be important in maintaining PKC levels during the continued action of insulin.
Unified Expectation Maximization

We present a general framework containing a graded spectrum of Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithms called Unified Expectation Maximization (UEM.) UEM is parameterized by a single parameter and covers existing algorithms like standard EM and hard EM, constrained versions of EM such as Constraint-Driven Learning (Chang et al., 2007) and Posterior Regularization (Ganchev et al., 2010), along with a range of new EM algorithms. For the constrained inference step in UEM we present an efficient dual projected gradient ascent algorithm which generalizes several dual decomposition and Lagrange relaxation algorithms popularized recently in the NLP literature (Ganchev et al., 2008; Koo et al., 2010; Rush and Collins, 2011). UEM is as efficient and easy to implement as standard EM. Furthermore, experiments on POS tagging, information extraction, and word-alignment show that often the best performing algorithm in the UEM family is a new algorithm that wasn't available earlier, exhibiting the benefits of the UEM framework.
The Geometrical Origins of Lie’s Theory

According to Lie, it was during the winter of 1873–74 that his theory of groups was born. The sense in which this is correct will be indicated in the following two chapters.
Voloshinov, Valentin Nikolaevich (1884/5)

Voloshinov (1895–1936) is best known for his work on language ideology. Deeply dissatisfied with the linguistics of his day, Voloshinov sought to develop a new school rooted in social interaction, rather than in abstract structural characteristics, such as phonetics, lexicon, and grammar, which were increasingly being studied for their own sake. As he came to argue in his seminal work, Marxism and the Philosophy of Language (1929), public discoruses are constructed in verbal encounters, where speakers negotiate perspective thought dialogic exchanges, often defending or even countering the dominant ideologies expressed elsewhere in a society. Because his new school of linguistics was based on the ideologically charged utterance, Voloshinov devoted a whole section of his work to problems of ‘reported speech’.
Relative energies and electronic structures of CoO polymorphs through ab initio diffusion quantum Monte Carlo

We present a many-body diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (DMC) study on the ground- and excited state properties of crystalline CoO polymorphs. To our knowledge, DMC is the only electronic structure method available to provide correct energetic ordering within experimental error bars between the three CoO polymorphs: rocksalt, wurtzite, and zinc blende. We compare these results to density functional theory (DFT) using state-of-the-art functionals such as SCAN. For the structural properties, such as the lattice parameters and bulk moduli, our results are comparable to HSE and SCAN. Using DMC, we calculated the indirect and direct optical gaps as 3.8(2) and 5.2(2) eV. Our indirect optical gap compares well with the conductivity measurements of 3.6(5) eV and $GW$ calculations with 3.4 eV. Similarly, we obtained the DMC indirect and direct quasiparticle gaps as 3.9(2) and 5.5(2) eV. DMC direct quasiparticle gaps compare well with the direct band gap of 5.53 eV obtained from ellipsometry studies.
Pulmonary toxicity and lung tumorigenic potential of surrogate metal oxides in gas metal arc welding–stainless steel fume: Iron as a primary mediator versus chromium and nickel

In 2017, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified welding fumes as "carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1). Both mild steel (MS) welding, where fumes lack carcinogenic chromium and nickel, and stainless steel (SS) increase lung cancer risk in welders; therefore, further research to better understand the toxicity of the individual metals is needed. The objectives were to (1) compare the pulmonary toxicity of chromium (as Cr(III) oxide [Cr2O3] and Cr (VI) calcium chromate [CaCrO4]), nickel [II] oxide (NiO), iron [III] oxide (Fe2O3), and gas metal arc welding-SS (GMAW-SS) fume; and (2) determine if these metal oxides can promote lung tumors. Lung tumor susceptible A/J mice (male, 4-5 weeks old) were exposed by oropharyngeal aspiration to vehicle, GMAW-SS fume (1.7 mg), or a low or high dose of surrogate metal oxides based on the respective weight percent of each metal in the fume: Cr2O3 + CaCrO4 (366 + 5 μg and 731 + 11 μg), NiO (141 and 281 μg), or Fe2O3 (1 and 2 mg). Bronchoalveolar lavage, histopathology, and lung/liver qPCR were done at 1, 7, 28, and 84 days post-aspiration. In a two-stage lung carcinogenesis model, mice were initiated with 3-methylcholanthrene (10 μg/g; intraperitoneal; 1x) or corn oil then exposed to metal oxides or vehicle (1 x/week for 5 weeks) by oropharyngeal aspiration. Lung tumors were counted at 30 weeks post-initiation. Results indicate the inflammatory potential of the metal oxides was Fe2O3 > Cr2O3 + CaCrO4 > NiO. Overall, the pneumotoxic effects were negligible for NiO, acute but not persistent for Cr2O3 + CaCrO4, and persistent for the Fe2O3 exposures. Fe2O3, but not Cr2O3 + CaCrO4 or NiO significantly promoted lung tumors. These results provide experimental evidence that Fe2O3 is an important mediator of welding fume toxicity and support epidemiological findings and the IARC classification.
Estimation of Annual CO 2 Emission from Coal Fires in Majiliang Mine, Datong, Northen China Using UAVs Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing Technology

Underground coal fires usually consume a large amount of coal resources and emit a variety of chemical compounds involving greenhouse gases. To estimate the annual CO 2 emission from coal fires, a thermal infrared and a color imaging device amounting on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are separately adopted to collect color and thermal infrared images over the coal fire areas in Majiliang Mine, Datong City, Northern China. First, standard blackbody is used to calibrate DN values of thermal imagery into the radiation values under the laboratory environment. Color and thermal infrared orthophotos are respectively generated by searching tie points and bundle adjustment processes, then Objects-oriented classification approach is used to classify land covers based on these high-resolution color imagery, subsequently land cover types associated ASTER spectral library are applied to estimate their emissivities. The atmospheric correction parameters are calculated by weather parameters (eg. Air temperature, humidity, barometric pressure) using MORTRAN software. In this case, atmospheric correction parameters and emissivities of land surface objects are inputted into the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) in order to retrieve the land surface temperature of mine area according to the thermal infrared orthomosaic. We use an adaptive edge threshold algorithm based on sobel operator to recognize coal fires. We measured tens of concentration of CO 2 using a chamber over some fissures of mine surface, averaged them and investigated the number of fissures in situ, afterwards CO 2 concentration is transformed into CO 2 flux and the density of fissures are derived according to the areas of the surveyed region. The density of fissures is utilized to replace the emission coefficient of CO 2 . Ultimately according to the carbon emission flux model, emission coefficient of CO 2 , emission flux of CO 2 and area of identified coal fires are combined to compute the total annual emission of CO 2 (2366.02 t/y) in Ma Jiliang mine.
Did I Inherit My Moral Compass? Examining Socialization and Evocative Mechanisms for Virtuous Character Development.

Virtuous character development in children is correlated with parenting behavior, but the role of genetic influences in this association has not been examined. Using a longitudinal twin/sibling study (N = 720; Time 1 (T1) Mage = 12–14 years, Time 3 (T3) Mage = 25–27 years), the current report examines associations among parental negativity/positivity and offspring responsibility during adolescence, and subsequent young adult conscientiousness. Findings indicate that associations among parental negativity and offspring virtuous character during adolescence and young adulthood are due primarily to heritable influences. In contrast, the association between concurrent parental positivity and adolescent responsibility was due primarily to heritable and shared environmental influences. These findings underscore the contributions of heritable influences to the associations between parenting and virtuous character that have previously been assumed to be only environmentally influenced, emphasizing the complexity of mechanisms involved in the development of virtuous character.
A Study on Action Detection in the Wild

The recent introduction of the AVA dataset for action detection has caused a renewed interest to this problem. Several approaches have been recently proposed that improved the performance. However, all of them have ignored the main difficulty of the AVA dataset - its realistic distribution of training and test examples. This dataset was collected by exhaustive annotation of human action in uncurated videos. As a result, the most common categories, such as `stand' or `sit', contain tens of thousands of examples, whereas rare ones have only dozens. In this work we study the problem of action detection in a highly-imbalanced dataset. Differently from previous work on handling long-tail category distributions, we begin by analyzing the imbalance in the test set. We demonstrate that the standard AP metric is not informative for the categories in the tail, and propose an alternative one - Sampled AP. Armed with this new measure, we study the problem of transferring representations from the data-rich head to the rare tail categories and propose a simple but effective approach.
An Ultra-Low Power 2.4 GHz Transmitter for Energy Harvested Wireless Sensor Nodes and Biomedical Devices

We present a 2.4GHz ultra-low power energy-harvested narrowband transmitter (TX) for wireless sensing and biomedical devices. We used a 434 MHz RF energy for resonant cavity based wireless power transfer (WPT). An efficiency tracking loop maximizes the power transfer efficiency of WPT and achieves an efficiency of 11.5%. The TX comprises a voltage-controlled power oscillator (VCPO) and a loop antenna which is patterned over a flexible Parylene C substrate to achieve biocompatibility. The loop antenna acts as a radiator as well as an inductive element for the VCPO, eliminating a power amplifier stage and bulky off-chip matching network. The TX is designed for low active and sleep mode power consumption to support both continuous-data mode or deeply duty cycled burst-data mode of transmission. Implemented in $0.18~\mu \text{m}$ CMOS, the TX supports OOK and FSK modulations with the sleep mode power dissipation of 128 pW. Our active RF TX consumes an active-mode power of $70~\mu \text{W}$ at 10 Mbps while radiating −33 dBm of power, resulting in an energy efficiency of 7 pJ/bit, which is the best reported till date.
Development and testing of a laboratory model ecosystem for use in evaluating biological effects and chemical fate of pollutants

An aquatic model ecosystem for use in assessing biological effects of pollutants and their chemical fate was developed. The basic test units were housed in 3-litre battery jars and used sand as the substrate and modified algal assay medium as the aqueous component. The biological components included a benthic oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus; a zooplankter, Daphnia magna; and the alga Selenastrum capricornutum. A small air pump in the center of each jar was maintained at a low bubbling rate to keep the algae in suspension. Two chemicals, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), were tested separately using a 21-day exposure period. Each chemical was tested in duplicate, and agreement between the replicates was good. The direct toxic effects of the test chemicals were clear-cut, as were the secondary effects, such as reduced reproduction of daphnids at concentrations that reduced the algal population. The rate of loss of the chemicals from the water column was in proportion to the concentration of the chemicals and was reduced in jars that had been autoclaved and contained no biota.