cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of subtraction ictal SPECT on surgical management in focal epilepsy of indeterminate localization: A prospective study

Summary The impact of functional imaging tests on the decision-making and planning process for epilepsy surgery has never been prospectively assessed. We prospectively evaluated 50 consecutively eligible patients whose noninvasive evaluations showed nonlocalized findings and determined how their SISCOM (subtraction ictal SPECT [single photon emission computed tomography] co-registered to MRI [magnetic resonance imaging]) data altered consensus decisions for epilepsy surgery. At an epilepsy surgery conference where each patient was discussed, consensus decisions were documented after a standardized presentation of data from the noninvasive evaluation (SISCOM findings initially were excluded). Consensus decisions were again documented after presentation of SISCOM data. Consensus decisions changed for 10 of 32 patients (31%) with localizing SISCOM results, whereas the decision changed in only 1 of 18 patients (6%) with nonlocalizing SISCOM results ( P n =2); (2) resective surgery or further evaluation for patients initially not considered surgical candidates ( n =2); (3) IEI in patients for whom it was not recommended initially ( n =3); (4) increased IEI coverage ( n =3); and (5) antiepileptic drug trial or vagal nerve stimulation was recommended instead of IEI ( n =1). For some patients whose noninvasive evaluations did not clearly localize a surgical focus, SISCOM data can have a major impact on decisions to recommend resective epilepsy surgery or IEI.
Silicon particle growth in a fluidized-bed reactor

This paper describes the overall operation of a 15 cm dia. fluidized-bed reactor for silicon production via silane pyrolysis. The fluidized bed reactor has been characterized by its performance data and parametric effects. A withdrawal system is used to selectively remove big particles. Seed generation is provided by a fluid jet milling device, which avoids metallic grinding contamination. The silicon particle size growth calculated from a scavenging/deposition model agrees with actual size measurements.
Interactions between a phytoplanktivorous fish, Oreochromis aureus, and two unialgal forage populations

Juvenile blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus, consume both the motile green alga, Chlamydomonas sp., and the filamentous blue-green alga, Anabaena sp. Results from a grazing experiment showed little difference between the densities of grazed and ungrazed populations of Chlamydomonas, but did show a decrease in density and growth rate in the grazed Anabaena population relative to an ungrazed population. Tilapia ingesting Chlamydomonas lost weight, similar to the weight loss of unfed control fish. However, fish fed Anabaena gained weight. This study provides further evidence that blue tilapia grazing may structure phytoplankton communities directly, and their grazing could shift phytoplankton communities from dominance by large blue-green algae towards dominance by green algae.
Hypoxia stimulates breast carcinoma cell invasion through MT1-MMP and MMP-2 activation

The process of cancer cell invasion involves degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by proteases, integrin adhesion and cell motility. The role of ECM degrading proteases on the hypoxia-induced invasion of breast carcinoma cells was investigated. Hypoxia markedly increased the invasion capacity of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cell lines. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors blocked the hypoxia-induced invasion, whereas other protease inhibitors had no effect. Antibodies or siRNAs blocking either membrane type-1 MMP (MT1-MMP) or MMP-2 were effective in reducing the hypoxia-induced invasion. Serum-free reconstitution experiments confirmed the involvement of the MT1-MMP/MMP-2/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 complex in this hypoxia-induced response. Overexpression of MT1-MMP in a poorly invasive breast cancer cell line, T47-D, promoted hypoxia-induced invasion and MMP-2 activation. Cell surface accumulation and activation of MT1-MMP without apparent regulation at the mRNA or protein levels indicated a post-translational adaptive response to hypoxia. Inhibition of the small GTPase RhoA eliminated the hypoxia-induced invasion and blocked the localization of MT1-MMP to the plasma membrane. Zymographic and molecular analysis of human breast tumors showed a strong correlation between hypoxic microenvironments and MMP-2 activation without changes in MT1-MMP expression. Our studies suggest that hypoxic tumor microenvironments promote breast cancer invasion through an MT1-MMP-dependent mechanism.
Regional Economic Integration and National Economic Growth

BURNS L. S. (1987) Regional economic integration and national economic growth, Reg. Studies 21, 327–339. An analysis of growth rates of US per capita income and its regional distribution shows that spatial integration is inversely related to the rate of national economic growth BURNS L. S. (1987) Integration economique regionale et croissance economique nationale, Reg. Studies 21, 327–339. A partir d'une analyse des taux de croissance aux E-U des revenus par tete et sa distribution regionale, il s'avere que l'integration spatiale se rapporte inversement au taux de croissance economique nationale BURNS L. S. (1987) Regionale wirtschaftliche Integrierung und nationales Wirtschaftswachstum, Reg. Studies 21, 327–339. Eine Analyse der Wachstumsraten der pro-Kopf-Einkommen in den USA und seine regionale Verteilung zeigen, dass raumliche Integrierung eine entgegengesetzte Beziehung zum Verhaltnis des nationalen Wirtschaftswachstums aufweist.
Flux-sensitive correlations of mutually incoherent quantum channels.

A two-particle state can be sensitive to a magnetic flux through exchange even if it is composed of single-particle states which on the average are statistically uncorrelated and exhibit no direct interference. Consequently, two-particle observables can be sensitive to a flux even if all single-particle observables are flux insensitive. We investigate exchange effects in current cross correlations of small conductors subject to a magnetic field.
Neutron and proton transition matrix elements for /sup 90/Zr from a microscopic analysis of 0. 8 GeV proton inelastic scattering

We have analyzed recent 0.8 GeV proton inelastic scattering cross sections for eight low-lying states in $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$ using the distorted wave impulse approximation and transition densities from a large basis shell model calculation. The shell model basis consists of the configurations of 12 valence protons in the $2{p}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, $2{p}_{\frac{3}{2}}$, $1{f}_{\frac{5}{2}}$, and $1{g}_{\frac{9}{2}}$ orbits. In general the shapes of the cross sections are well reproduced, but the calculated transition amplitudes must be multiplied by factors of 2.2 to 4.6 to fit the magnitudes. These enhancement factors are larger than those required for the $B(E\ensuremath{\lambda})$ values derived from electron scattering, indicating large neutron components in these states. We argue that transitions to the ${3}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${2}_{3}^{+}$ states cannot be described adequately in the chosen shell model basis. From the proton and electromagnetic enhancement factors we are able to obtain estimates of the missing "core" neutron and proton matrix elements.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$(p,p\ensuremath{'}) at 0.8 GeV, analyzed with DWIA and shell model theory. $B(E\ensuremath{\lambda})$ values calculated. Neutron and proton core matrix elements deduced.
Abstract 1000: Oncogenic Kras inhibits mitochondrial metabolism by regulating the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex under conditions of nutrient stress

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Kras is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancer. Previous studies have suggested a role for oncogenic Kras in regulating glucose metabolism, although the exact mechanism is unclear. By analyzing the transcriptional consequences of Kras mutation under conditions of nutrient stress, a direct role for oncogenic Kras in regulating oxidative phosphorylation was observed. Signaling downstream of Kras via the MEK/ERK pathway inhibits expression of PDP1, a mitochondrial phosphatase that regulates the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). PDC is a key enzyme in the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. Decreased expression of PDP1 induced by oncogenic Kras leads to increased phosphorylation and thereby inactivation of PDC. Therefore, oncogenic Kras represses mitochondrial function and oxygen consumption by maintaining PDC in an inactive state. This effect is not apparent under the high-glucose conditions in which cells are typically cultured. However, at glucose concentrations more closely reflective of what cells experience in vivo, the effect of oncogenic Kras signaling on PDP1 expression becomes readily apparent. This study demonstrates a novel role for oncogenic Kras in the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism. Further studies underway may clarify a role for this pathway as a target for therapeutic intervention in Kras-mutant tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1000. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1000
They can't find us: the search for informal CS education

In this study we found that search terms that would likely be used by parents to find out-of-school computer science (CS) learning opportunities for their children yielded remarkably unproductive results. This is important to the field of CS education because, to date, there is no empirical evidence that demonstrates how a lack of CS vocabulary is a barrier to accessing informal CS learning opportunities. This study focuses on the experience of parents who do not have the privilege of education and technical experience when searching for learning opportunities for their children. The findings presented will demonstrate that issues of access to CS education go beyond technical means, and include ability to conduct suitable searches and identify appropriate computational learning tools. Out-of-school learning is an important factor in who is motivated and prepared to study computer science in college. It is likely that without early access to informal CS learning, fewer students are motivated to explore CS in formal classrooms.
THE CLOVIS (no. 1), NEW MEXICO, METEORITE AND Ca, Al AND Ti‐RICH INCLUSIONS IN ORDINARY CHONDRITES

Microprobe analyses of the major silicates in Clovis (no. 1), New Mexico, establish it as an H3 chondrite. Inclusions identified in Clovis are: breccia fragments; angular and vesicular chondrule or rock fragments composed almost entirely of glass and olivine (Fa12–22); chondrules, composed principally of pyroxene (Fs2–33) and olivine (Fa1–28); and Ca, Al and Ti-rich inclusions. These refractory enriched inclusions, similar in composition to those found in some carbonaceous chondrites, are rare in ordinary chondrites but in this study were observed in Sharps, Virginia (H3), Gobabeb, South Africa (H4), Dimmitt, Texas (H4), Weston, Connecticut (H4–6) and Clovis. Sodium, known to rim similar inclusions in carbonaceous chondrites, also occurs in the interiors of inclusions observed in this study, sometimes in moderate amounts. The Na distribution is regarded as primary and is not attributable, at least in total, to secondary Na extraction from the host matrix.
Conflict Management as the Essence of Leadership: An Update

Convergent validity of leadership and conflict management constructs was previously examined by Lewis and Jobs (1994), and determination made that leadership and conflict management constructs shar...
Annotated Bibliography on the Teaching of Psychology: 2007

This bibliography is a continuation of those previously published in Teaching of Psychology (e.g., Berry & Daniel, 1984; Fulkerson & Wise, 1987; Johnson & Schroder, 1997; Wise & Fulkerson, 1996). W...
A trainable analog neural chip for image compression

Video motion estimation and high-ratio image compression are two key data processing steps for advanced television systems and imaging machines. The detailed circuit design of a vector quantization chip with the full-search scheme is presented. Each 5*5 image block with 256 pixel-gray levels can be quantized into the 6-bit codebook by a prototype chip of 4.6 mm*6.8 mm in a 2- mu m scalable MOSIS technology. A speedup factor of 750 over a Sun-3/60 workstation has been obtained. Adaptive codebook learning can be performed with a digital coprocessor. >
DECHLORINATION OF 4-CHLOROBIPHENYL USING NABH4 AT 120-310 C IN HIGH BOILING INERT SOLVENTS WITH AND WITHOUT LICL

Dechlorinations of 4-chlorobiphenyl with NaBH4 in high boiling inert solvents from 120–310 °C were studied. Complete dechlorination occurred in NaBH4/tetraglyme at 310 °C in one hour. Adding LiCl to NaBH4 promoted dechlorination in di-, tri, and tetraglyme respectively at 120–135 °C. The rate was significantly enhanced when NaBH4, LiCl, and glyme were prestirred at room temperature for 20 minutes before heating to 120–135 °C. At equivalent conditions, dechlorination rates followed the order: tetraglyme > triglyme > diglyme. 4-Chlorobiphenyl dechlorination failed using NaBH4/diphenyl ether. In pentamethyldiethylenetriamine 3- and 4-N,N-dimethylaminobiphenyl was produced through a benzyne intermediate.
Adaptive position and orientation regulation for the camera-in-hand problem

This paper considers the camera-space position and orientation regulation problem for the camera-in-hand problem via visual serving in the presence of parametric uncertainty associated with the robot dynamics and the camera system. Specifically, an adaptive robot controller is developed that forces the end-effector of a robot manipulator to move such that the position and orientation of an object are regulated to a desired position and orientation in the camera-space, despite parametric uncertainty throughout the entire robot-camera system. An extension is also provided that illustrates how slight modifications can be made to the camera-in-hand control law to achieve adaptive position and orientation tracking of the end-effector in the camera-space for a fixed-camera configuration. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the performance of the adaptive, camera-in-hand controller. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RNA-Seq analysis in MeV

Summary: RNA-Seq is an exciting methodology that leverages the power of high-throughput sequencing to measure RNA transcript counts at an unprecedented accuracy. However, the data generated from this process are extremely large and biologist-friendly tools with which to analyze it are sorely lacking. MultiExperiment Viewer (MeV) is a Java-based desktop application that allows advanced analysis of gene expression data through an intuitive graphical user interface. Here, we report a significant enhancement to MeV that allows analysis of RNA-Seq data with these familiar, powerful tools. We also report the addition to MeV of several RNA-Seq-specific functions, addressing the differences in analysis requirements between this data type and traditional gene expression data. These tools include automatic conversion functions from raw count data to processed RPKM or FPKM values and differential expression detection and functional annotation enrichment detection based on published methods. Availability: MeV version 4.7 is written in Java and is freely available for download under the terms of the open-source Artistic License version 2.0. The website ( http://mev.tm4.org/) hosts a full user manual as well as a short quick-start guide suitable for new users. Contact: johnq@jimmy.harvard.edu
Modeling Overlapping Communities with Node Popularities

We develop a probabilistic approach for accurate network modeling using node popularities within the framework of the mixed-membership stochastic block-model (MMSB). Our model integrates two basic properties of nodes in social networks: homophily and preferential connection to popular nodes. We develop a scalable algorithm for posterior inference, based on a novel nonconjugate variant of stochastic variational inference. We evaluate the link prediction accuracy of our algorithm on nine real-world networks with up to 60,000 nodes, and on simulated networks with degree distributions that follow a power law. We demonstrate that the AMP predicts significantly better than the MMSB.
mer-(2,2′-Bipyridine)trichloro­(tetra­methyl­ene sulfoxide)ruthenium(III) dichloro­methane solvate

The title compound, mer-[RuCl3(C10H8N2)(C4H8OS)]·CH2Cl2 or mer-[RuCl3(bpy)(TMSO)]·CH2Cl2, has the TMSO ligand coordinated through the S atom, with an Ru—S distance of 2.3042 (7) A. The Ru—Cl distances are in the range 2.3324 (7)–2.3649 (8) A, with the longest trans to N. The solvent mol­ecule is ordered.
Canonical (phase-variable) form by signal-flow graph

In this letter, it is shown that the matrix which transforms a system to the canonical (phase-variable) form is simply the matrix of numerator coefficients of the input-state transfer function. Thus, the required transformation matrix is easily found by signal-flow-graph rules.
The Role of Functionality in the Mental Representations of Engineering Students: Some Differences in the Early Stages of Expertise.

As engineers gain experience and become experts in their domain, the structure and content of their knowledge changes. Two studies are presented that examine differences in knowledge representation among freshman and senior engineering students. The first study examines recall of mechanical devices and chunking of components, and the second examines whether seniors represent devices in a more abstract functional manner than do freshmen. The most prominent differences between these 2 groups involve their representation of the functioning of groups of electromechanical components and how these groups of components interact to produce device behavior. Seniors are better able to construct coherent representations of devices by focusing on the function of sets of components in the device. The findings from these studies highlight some ways in which the structure and content of mental representations of design knowledge differ during the early stages of expertise acquisition.
Breast recurrence and survival related to primary tumor location in patients undergoing conservative surgery and radiation for early-stage breast cancer.

Between 1977 and 1986, 886 pts with Stage I and II breast cancer underwent excisional biopsy, axillary dissection and radiation. Median follow-up was 5 years (range 2 months-13 years). The patients were divided into four groups according to the primary tumor location: 1) outer (495 patients), 2) inner (202 patients), 3) central (119 patients), and 4) subareolar (70 patients). Subareolar tumors were defined as those immediately beneath the nipple-areolar complex or within 2 cm of the areolar margin. The comparability of the groups was assed in terms of clinical T stage, patient age, histology, final pathologic margin status, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, pathologic nodal status, and use of adjuvant chemotherapy. There were no significant differences among the four groups in the distribution of these factors except for the pathologic nodal status (outer 38% positive nodes, inner 24%, central 23%, subareolar 31%) p = .0004. There were no significant differences in 5 year actuarial overall survival (91% vs 86% vs 92% vs 91%, p = .34), relapse-free (75% vs 74% vs 80% vs 79%, p = .77), or NED survival (82% vs 78% vs 87% vs 84%, p = .29) for the four groups. A separate analysis for pathologic node negative and node positive patients revealed similar findings. For node-negative patients, the 5 year actuarial overall survival was 93% vs 88% vs 94% vs 91% (p = .20), the relapse-free survival was 78% vs 76% vs 82% vs 79% (p = .49), and the NED survival was 86% vs 81% vs 88% vs 86% (p = .46). For node-positive patients, the 5 year actuarial overall survival was 87% vs 82% vs 84% vs 90% (p = .59), relapse-free survival was 69% vs 66% vs 77% vs 80% (p = .78), and NED survival was 75% vs 68% vs 85% vs 80% (p = .66). Patterns of first failure were also not significantly different among the four groups: local only first failure (7% vs 4% vs 5% vs 8%, p = .49), any local first failure, i.e., +/- simultaneous distant metastases (8% vs 5% vs 5% vs 9%, p = .61), regional only (2% vs 1% 1% vs 0%, p = .65), any regional (4% vs 3% vs 3% vs 3%), or distant metastases (11% vs 17% vs 9% vs 10%, p = .16). A separate analysis of node negative and node positive patients revealed similar findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Live imaging of Smad2/3 signaling in mouse skin wound healing

Biophotonics and real-time imaging are novel technologies that can greatly enhance the study of complex biological processes. We applied this technology in a transgenic mouse with a luciferase reporter gene fused to a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) responsive Smad2/3-binding element to study bioluminescence after skin wounding. Two dorsal midline excisional skin wounds were made using a biopsy punch. One wound was randomized to suture closure and the other allowed to heal by secondary intention (n=8 each wound). Bioluminescence was measured at fixed time points following surgery. Phospho-Smad2/3 immunohistochemistry was performed to localize expression in skin wound samples. In vivo bioluminescence increased following skin wounding. Peak activity occurred on day 17 and was fourfold that of baseline (p<0.05). Subgroup analysis of primary and secondary healing showed that primarily sutured wounds had peak activities earlier than those with secondary healing, although this did not reach statistical significance. Intense phospho-Smad2/3 staining was found in the hair follicles. In vivo bioluminescence tracks Smad2/3-dependent TGF-beta signaling in the in vivo wound healing process. Our findings suggest that signaling increases after wound healing, which contrasts with other studies that show raised TGF-beta signaling in the initial days following wounding.
C-fos mRNA induction in the central and peripheral nervous systems of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP)-treated hens.

A single dose of diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate (DFP), an organophosphorus ester, produces delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) in hen. DFP produces mild ataxia in hens in 7–14 days, which develops into severe ataxia or paralysis as the disease progresses. Since, OPIDN is associated with alteration in the expression of several proteins (e.g., Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) α-subunit, tau, tubulin, neurofilament (NF) protein, vimentin, GFAP) as well as their mRNAs (e.g., NF, CaM kinase II α-subunit), we determined the effect of a single dose of DFP on the expression of one of the best known immediate-early gene (IEG), c-fos. C-fos expression was measured by Northern hybridization in cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, midbrain, spinal cord, and the sciatic nerves of hens at 0.5 hr, 1 hr, 2 hr, 1 day, 5 days, 10 days, and 20 days after a single 1.7 mg/kg, sc. injection of DFP. All the tissues (cerebrum, 52%; cerebellum, 55%; brainstem, 49%; midbrain, 23%; spinal cord, 80%; sciatic nerve, 157%;) showed significant increase in c-fos expression in 30 min and this elevated level persisted at least up to 2 hr. Expressions of β-actin mRNA and 18S RNA were used as internal controls. The significant increase in c-fos expression in DFP-treated hens suggests that c-fos may be one of the IEGs involved in the development of OPIDN.
Synthesis and characterization of thermoelectric ink for renewable energy applications

Printing technology enables continuous, high-speed fabrication of thermoelectric devices on both flexible and rigid substrates. The printing process, patterns, substrates and inks need to be investigated and optimized for the fabrication of these printable thermoelectric devices. Ink design in terms of physical properties like wettability and viscosity, choice of binder and filler materials is a critical part in the fabrication of printable thermoelectric devices, especially printable p-type materials and n-type materials to make p-n junctions. In this study, we described the mechanism of thermoelectric generator and synthetic method of thermoelectric materials for printing inks. And the Bi2Te3 / epoxy resin and Bi2Te3 / polystyrene printing inks were prepared with high energy ball milled Bi2Te3 powder.
Error-related brain activity in obsessive–compulsive undergraduates

Abstract Error-related negativity (ERN/Ne) is a component of the event-related brain potential (ERP) associated with monitoring action and detecting errors. It is a sharp negative deflection that generally occurs from 50 to 150 ms following response execution and has been associated with activity involving the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). An enhanced ERN has recently been observed in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). We extended these findings by measuring the ERN in college undergraduates with OC characteristics as measured by the Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory (OCI). Eighteen high-OC subjects and 17 low-OC subjects performed a modified Stroop task with equal emphasis placed on speed and accuracy. Response-locked ERPs revealed a frontally maximal negativity associated with erroneous responses that was significantly larger in the high-OCI group. There were no performance differences between the two groups. Our results support the view that the characteristics associated with OCD are related to hyper-functioning error and action-monitoring processes.
Characterizing Older Adults' Involvement in Naturally Occurring Retirement Community (NORC) Supportive Service Programs

Naturally Occurring Retirement Community (NORC) Supportive Service Programs constitute one of the longest-standing models for age-friendly community initiatives. As a support-focused model, NORC programs typically offer a range of benefits--including direct services, group activities, and broader community development activities--that are intended to engage older adults with diverse needs, preferences, and interests. Moreover, NORC programs are designed to be used according to the needs of the particular participant engaging with them at a particular point in time. This range and flexibility of benefits indicate the importance of more systematically characterizing the ways in which older adults are involved with NORC programs. For this purpose, we used data from in-depth interviews with 35 residents across 6 NORC programs in New York City. Qualitative analysis revealed 6 ordered categories of involvement: (a) consciously no involvement; (b) involved, but not consciously; (c) relationship with staff only; (d) selectively involved with a strong sense of security; (e) NORC program leaders; and (f) dependence on the NORC program. Overall, results indicate how older adults' involvement in NORC programs can be characterized beyond their utilization of specific types of services and by their relationship with the program as a whole. Findings suggest the importance for outcomes research on NORC programs and related models to consider subgroup differences by involvement. Results also provide directions for theory development on engagement in voluntary programs, as well as for practice to enhance older adults' involvement in supportive service programs.
Tra2β As a Novel Mediator of Vascular Smooth Muscle Diversification

Transformer splicing regulatory proteins determine the sexually dimorphic traits of Drosophila. The role of the vertebrate homologs of Tra-2 in phenotypic specification is undefined. We are using the alternative splicing of the MYPT1 E23 exon as a model for the study of smooth muscle diversification into fast and slow contractile phenotypes. Tra2β mRNA and protein is expressed at up to 10-fold higher levels in fast smooth muscle tissues such as the rat portal vein and small mesenteric artery, in which E23 is spliced, as compared to the slow smooth muscle tissues of the large arteries and veins, in which E23 is skipped. Tra2β is upregulated up to 10-fold concordant with the initiation of E23 splicing as the rat portal vein and avian gizzard implement the fast program of gene expression in the perinatal period. In disease models such as portal hypertension and mesenteric artery high/low flow, the portal vein and first order mesenteric artery dynamically downregulate Tra2β concordant with a shift to E23 skip...
Temperature-sensitive mutants and revertants in the coronavirus nonstructural protein 5 protease (3CLpro) define residues involved in long-distance communication and regulation of protease activity

Positive-strand RNA virus genomes are translated into polyproteins that are processed by viral proteases to yield functional intermediate and mature proteins. Coronaviruses (CoVs) carry genes that encode an nsp5 protease (also known as 3CLpro or Mpro) responsible for 11 maturation cleavages. The nsp5 structure contains two chymotrypsin-like domains (D1 and D2) and a unique domain (D3), and forms functional dimers. However, little is known of interactions or communication across the structure of the protease during nsp5 activity. Using reverse genetic mutagenesis of the CoV murine hepatitis virus (MHV) nsp5, we identified a new temperature-sensitive (ts) mutation in D2 of nsp5 (Ser133Ala) and confirmed a ts residue in D3 (Phe219Leu). Both D2-tsS133A and D3-tsF219L were impaired for viral replication and nsp5-mediated polyprotein processing at the nonpermissive temperature. Passage of tsS133A and tsF219L at the nonpermissive temperature resulted in emergence of multiple second-site suppressor mutations, singly and in combinations. Among the second-site mutations, a D2 His134Tyr change suppressed the ts phenotype of D2-tsS133A and D3-tsF219L, as well as the previously reported D2-tsV148A. Analysis of multiple CoV nsp5 structures, and alignment of nonredundant nsp5 primary sequences, demonstrated that ts and suppressor residues are not conserved across CoVs and are physically distant (>10 A) from each other, from catalytic and substrate-binding residues, and from the nsp5 dimer interface. These findings demonstrate that long-distance communication pathways between multiple residues and domains of nsp5 play a significant role in nsp5 activity and viral replication, suggesting possible novel targets for non-active site inhibitors of nsp5.
Collective quantum states in model chemical systems

Phenomenological field equations that describe isothermal chemical kinetics are cast into Hamiltonian form. The formalism is applied to a model reaction with autocatalytic chemicals in an extensive solution of substrate. Transforming the Hamiltonian into a collective representation shows that the autocatalytic subsystem can exist as a localized object with a discrete negative energy spectrum. It is observed that the collective state of matter exemplified by the model system also applies to other hypothetical reactions.
Effect of Oral Contraceptives on Leukocyte Phagocytic Activity and Plasma Levels of Prostaglandin E2 and Tromboxane B2 in Normal Menstruating Women

Mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of normal menstruating women. 4 of the subjects were not using oral contraceptives and 5 were taking various formulations. The women were tested once a week for 12 consecutive weeks. Plasma levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin F2 (6-KF) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) thromboxane B2 (TxB2) estrogen and progesterone were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. The phagocytic activity of the mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells isolated from the peripheral blood was measured with a bacterial phagocytosis and killing assay. The phagocytic activity of both types of cells was depressed perimenstrually in both groups of women. However examination of individuals showed that those subjects not taking oral contraceptives had a worsening of phagocytic activities with approaching menses while the oral contraceptive subjects generally had an improving of these activities at this time. We were unable to correlate the phagocytic activities with either hormone or prostaglandin levels in the plasma of these subjects. However the subjects on oral contraceptives had significantly lower levels of PGE2 and TxB2 than those women who were not using oral contraceptives. (authors)
A Compact, Self-Contained High Power Microwave Source Based on a Reflex-Triode Vircator and Explosively Driven Pulsed Power

Single-shot high power microwave (HPM) systems are of particular interest in the defense industry for applications such as electronic warfare. Virtual cathode oscillators (vircators) are manufactured from relatively simple and inexpensive components, which make them ideal candidates in single-shot systems. The flux compression generator (FCG) is an attractive driver for these systems due to its potential for high energy amplification and inherent single-shot nature. A self-contained (battery operated prime power), compact (0.038 m3), FCG-based power delivery system has been developed that is capable of delivering gigawatts of power to a vircator. Experiments were conducted with the delivery system connected to a resistive dummy load and then to a reflex-triode vircator. In order to optimize the performance of the vircator when driven by the power delivery system, a second experimental setup was constructed using a Marx-generator based system operating at similar voltages and rise-times. Performance measures of the delivery system when discharged into a resistive load will be presented, as well as vircator output power levels and waveforms from both experimental setups.
PROGRAM SELECTION WITH ABUNDANCE OF CHOICE

A model of program choice focusing on the decision-making process is developed and applied to cable television viewing. The process concepts of orienting search (becoming aware of alternatives to watch) and revaluation (reconsidering a choice) are found to be positively correlated with channel familiarity (awarensss of available cable channels) and channel repertoire (use of cable channels). Viewers appear to have their own routine means of choosing what to watch that vary according to personality characteristics and demographics. Young, male adults with a high need for stimulation engage in more active choice processes.
Economics of Delayed Replacement When Cow Performance is Seasonal

An optimal dairy cow culling and replacement model was developed; it included the option to delay entering heifers into the herd after cows were culled. The objective was to investigate whether leaving a slot temporarily vacant, to enter a heifer at a more favorable time of the year, could be economically advantageous when cow performance is seasonal. The goal of the optimization was therefore to maximize net return per slot per year. The model consisted of 3 modules: 1) a bioeconomic module to enter and calculate cow performance data and prices, 2) a replacement policy module based on dynamic programming to calculate optimal culling decisions for individual cows and when to enter heifers, and 3) a herd performance module based on Markov chains to calculate summary results for the herd. Results for the optimal culling policy under typical conditions in Florida showed that immediate replacement was economically advantageous throughout the year. However, for a nonoptimal culling policy, cows culled in May, June, and July would not be replaced by heifers until August. Realistic increases in seasonality or heifer prices, or lower milk prices, showed economic advantages of delayed over immediate replacement for both culling policies. The maximum advantage of delayed replacement of 486 price scenarios was $88 per slot per year; cows that left the herd in the early summer and spring were not replaced by heifers until the late summer. Delayed replacement was economically advantageous when fixed costs and net returns per slot were low and seasonality was high, which is the case for a portion of Florida dairy producers.
Cutaneous CD30‐positive lymphoproliferative disorders with CD8 expression: a clinicopathologic study of 21 cases

Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) and cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) belong to the spectrum of cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders, an indolent form of T-cell lymphoproliferative disease. We reviewed 21 cases of CD30+ lymphoproliferative lesions expressing cytotoxic profile (CD8+). Seven cases of cutaneous ALCL, 2 cases of systemic ALCL involving the skin, and 12 cases of LyP. The cases of LyP were predominated by small lymphocytes exhibiting a prominent epidermotropic pattern consistent with either type B or type D LyP. Four cases showed co-expression of CD56. The ALCL cases included myxoid features, pseudoepitheliomatous change, and an intravascular component. In all cases that were primary in the skin an indolent clinical course was seen while one patient with systemic myxoid ALCL is in remission following systemic multiagent chemotherapy. The paucity of other neutrophils and eosinophils and concomitant granulomatous inflammation were distinctive features in cases of type B and type D LyP. CD30 and CD45 Ro positivity and a clinical course typical of LyP were useful differentiating features from an aggressive cytotoxic CD8+ T cell lymphoma. In all cases that were primary in the skin an indolent clinical course was observed. CD30 and CD45 Ro positivity and a clinical course typical of LyP were useful in preventing a misdiagnosis of an aggressive cytotoxic CD8+ T cell lymphoma.
Evaluation of CD8+ T-cell and antibody responses following transient increased viraemia in rhesus macaques infected with live, attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus.

In vivo depletion of CD8+ T cells results in an increase in viral load in macaques chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac239Δnef). Here, the cellular and humoral immune responses associated with this transient period of enhanced viraemia in macaques infected with SIVmac239Δnef were characterized. Fourteen days after in vivo CD8+ T-cell depletion, two of six macaques experienced a 1–2 log10 increase in anti-gp130 and p27 antibody titres and a three- to fivefold increase in gamma interferon-secreting SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Three other macaques had modest or no increase in anti-gp130 antibodies and significantly lower titres of anti-p27 antibodies, with minimal induction of functional CD8+ T cells. Four of the five CD8-depleted macaques experienced an increase in neutralizing antibody titres to SIVmac239. Induction of SIV-specific immune responses was associated with increases in CD8+ T-cell proliferation and fluctuations in the levels of signal-joint T-cell receptor excision circles in peripheral blood cells. Five months after CD8+ T-cell depletion, only the two high-responding macaques were protected from intravenous challenge with pathogenic SIV, whilst the remaining animals were unable to control replication of the challenge virus. Together, these findings suggest that a transient period of enhanced antigenaemia during chronic SIV infection may serve to augment virus-specific immunity in some, but not all, macaques. These findings have relevance for induction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific immune responses during prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination and for immunological evaluation of structured treatment interruptions in patients chronically infected with HIV-1.
Production predicts comprehension: Animacy effects in Mandarin relative clause processing

This article investigates the relationship between production and comprehension of relative clauses in Mandarin Chinese. In a picture description task, we find strong head noun animacy effects on relative clause production despite the fact that Mandarin has head-final relative clauses ([[relative clause] head noun]), so that the animate/inanimate head noun is uttered late. These and other production results have implications for theories of incremental language planning. We then used corpus analyses to investigate the distribution of structure–message pairings in the language that result from these animacy-based production biases. Mandarin is particularly interesting from the language comprehension side, as there is an extensive literature on relative clause comprehension, with conflicting results. A gated sentence completion task reveals comprehenders’ animacy-linked expectations in relative clause interpretation and also shows the substantial amount of syntactic ambiguity in Mandarin relative clauses, owing to their head-final structure. The completion data were reliable predictors of comprehenders’ self-paced reading times, but the distance between syntactically-dependent elements in the sentences was not. We argue that these results argue against accounts of sentence comprehension that posit that some sentence types are inherently more difficult than others. Instead we suggest that sentence types with which comprehenders have little experience are difficult, and we link the results ultimately to producers’ different production choices in different animacy configurations and consequent variation in language patterns that comprehenders experience.
Spontaneous, One-Pot Assembly of pH-Responsive Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer Capsules

We demonstrate a facile, one-pot spontaneous assembly of hydrogen-bonded polymer containers of controllable size in aqueous solution. Electron microscopy shows that capsule formation is nucleated by a pH-induced phase separation of an amphiphilic poly(carboxylic acid), followed by binding and in-growth of polymer complexes within the phase separated droplets. The simple selection of different molecular weights of a stabilizing polymer affords a wide array of capsule sizes, including those in a submicron range, which are difficult to prepare using the alternative layer-by-layer technique. The capsules can spontaneously coat silica particles, and be reversibly removed by varying pH. Furthermore, the capsule walls can be photo-cross-linked to preserve their integrity over the entire pH scale, resulting in pH-triggered “breathing” containers or responsive coatings on silica particles useful for encapsulation and controlled release.
Rural African American Adolescents’ Development: A Critical Review of Empirical Studies and Preventive Intervention Programs

For many African American adolescents, growing up in the rural south increases the likelihood that they will not only be poor but will live in situations characterized as persistent, “deep poverty.” Despite the challenges associated with growing up in often low-resource rural communities, many African American adolescents are able to survive and thrive. How do they overcome the odds and achieve various tasks that this developmental stage presents? The primary purpose of this chapter is to draw attention to and integrate knowledge on contextual factors affecting these youth to enable a more holistic understanding of normative development and adjustment among rural African American adolescents. This chapter synthesizes extant studies on developmental and behavioral domains of rural African American youth that have been identified as major areas of racial/ethnic disparities, including academic achievement and behavioral health. In addition, we consider the protective nature of person–context relations among these youth in order to identify malleable targets that can be manipulated in preventive interventions to reduce disparities in these multiple domains. Finally, we evaluate the extent to which preventive interventions designed to prevent or to reduce these disparities are theoretically and empirically informed by research findings that included rural African American families and adolescents as study participants.
How Viruses Invade Cells.

Every so often news about a viral outbreak goes viral and catches widespread public attention in the media. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), West Nile virus, avian influenza (bird flu), Ebola, Middle East respiratory virus, and Zika virus have each become, in a flurry of headlines and broadcasts and interviews, the focus of the media’s spotlight. And then, like other crises, they fade from view leaving the public with a new health concern to worry about but little knowledge of the actual factors involved in the problem.
CONTROL OF TBL PRESSURE TRANSMISSION THROUGH AEROELASTIC PLATES WITH LQG COMPENSATION

This paper presents an analytical application of Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control to reduce turbulent boundary layer (TBL) pressure transmission through an aeroelastic plate. The discussion begins with a summary of the modeling technique for an aeroelastic plate subjected to TBL pressure disturbance which is transmitted to a stationery acoustic medium. A brief discussion of the LQG control system design is also provided. The discussion concludes with results comparing the performance of LQG compensation with static output feedback control. These results indicate that LQG control is more effective at reducing TBL pressure transmission. a b D
Organization and characterization of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit epsilon N-methyltransferase gene in tobacco.

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) large subunit (LS) % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% GabaqaaiGacaGaamqadaabaeaafiaakeaadaahbaWcbeqaaiabgIGi% odaakiaad6eaaaa!465E!\[{}^ \in N\]-methyltransferase (Rubisco LSMT) catalyzes the posttranslational methylation of the ∈-amino group of Lys-14 in the LS of Rubisco in many higher plant species including tobacco. The tobacco Rubisco LSMT gene (rbcMT-T) and its cDNA were isolated, sequenced, and characterized. The gene contains 6 exons and spans about 6 kb. Primer extension analysis indicated one transcription start site located 93 nt upstream of the translation initiation site. Sequence analysis of the 5′-flanking region suggests several potential binding sites for transcription factors, including 7 GT-1 elements and an HSP-70.5 element. Gene dosage analysis by Southern hybridization demonstrated that the tobacco rbcMT-T is 1974 nt is present as a single copy in the tobacco haploid genome. The full-length cDNA for tobacco rbcMT-T is 1974 nt in length excluding the 3′ poly(A)15 tail, and encodes a 491 amino acid polypeptide with a molecular mass of ca. 56 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of tobacco Rubisco LSMT has 64.5% identity and 75.3% similarity with the sequence of pea Rubisco LSMT, and both proteins contain several copies of a conserved imperfect leucine-rich repeat motif.