cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multimodal monitoring including early EEG improves stratification of brain injury severity after pediatric cardiac arrest.

Abstract Aims Assessment of brain injury severity early after cardiac arrest (CA) may guide therapeutic interventions and help clinicians counsel families regarding neurologic prognosis. We aimed to determine whether adding EEG features to predictive models including clinical variables and examination signs increased the accuracy of short-term neurobehavioral outcome prediction. Methods This was a prospective, observational, single-center study of consecutive infants and children resuscitated from CA. Standardized EEG scoring was performed by an electroencephalographer for the initial EEG timepoint after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and each 12-h segment from the time of ROSC up to 48 h. EEG Background Category was scored as: (1) normal; (2) slow-disorganized; (3) discontinuous or burst-suppression; or (4) attenuated-featureless. The primary outcome was neurobehavioral outcome at discharge from the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. To develop the final predictive model, we compared areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) from models with varying combinations of Demographic/Arrest Variables, Examination Signs, and EEG Features. Results We evaluated 89 infants and children. Initial EEG Background Category was normal in 9 subjects (10%), slow-disorganized in 44 (49%), discontinuous or burst suppression in 22 (25%), and attenuated-featureless in 14 (16%). The final model included Demographic/Arrest Variables (witnessed status, doses of epinephrine, initial lactate after ROSC) and EEG Background Category which achieved AUROC of 0.9 for unfavorable neurobehavioral outcome and 0.83 for mortality. Conclusions The addition of standardized EEG Background Categories to readily available CA variables significantly improved early stratification of brain injury severity after pediatric CA.
Playing catch up: A term-level investigation of the racial gap in STEM retention

Abstract This paper examines differences in STEM retention between minority and non-minority students enrolled at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) from 1980 through 2006. Using detailed administrative records of undergraduate students, we document that minority students and non-minority students take divergent pathways through the STEM major. Specifically, minority students take fewer lower division STEM courses in their early career, which delays their enrollment in upper division STEM courses and leads to lower graduation probability in STEM within four years and higher dropout rates. We investigate the potential reasons (and/or predictors) for this apparent discrepancy. To do so, we first identify a student’s major-specific Individual Performance Potential (IPP) from lower division course regressions. We find that once we control for the heterogeneity in the IPP’s and a rich set of term level controls, the differences in intermediate outcomes (declared major, STEM course load) between minority and non-minority students largely disappear, but that some of the gap in outcomes persist, with the exception being in graduation from STEM within five years, for which minority students are more likely after controlling for these factors. Our findings suggest that minority STEM majors would benefit from additional support such as early career course advising.
On the Origin of Feces: Fungal diversity, distribution, and conservation implications from feces of small mammals

Abstract Fungi are extremely diverse, but only a small fraction of the total estimated species have been characterized. Often, the extent of diversity and distribution of fungal communities is difficult or near impossible to assess. This is due to the fact that many Fungi are cryptic and persist predominantly hidden within substrates such as soil or plant material. This is particularly true for hypogeous sporocarps, including truffles, which are extremely difficult to survey in a systematic manner. However, fungi with hypogeous sporocarps have evolved traits that make them highly attractive to animals, such as small mammals, which ingest and disperse fungal spores through defecation. Here, samples of feces from 138 small mammals collected in the western United States were assessed for total fungal diversity using a dual-index metabarcoding, high-throughput Illumina sequencing approach. Our findings exhibit many identifications within Agaricomycetidae, with 65 of the 138 samples containing sequences belonging to several species of the hypogeous truffle genus Rhizopogon. Metadata, such as geospatial coordinates, for each captured small mammal can be used as a proxy for the presence or absence of Rhizopogon species identified in their feces. Utilizing these proxy data, along with publicly available data on observation and occurrence from data repositories such as GBIF and MycoPortal, it is possible to augment our current knowledge of the extent of occurrence and area of occupancy of cryptic hypogeous fungi without direct observation, further enhancing our ability to assess their conservation status.
Use of ovine and caprine cells to measure antiviral effects of interferon.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the use of ovine and caprine cells to measure antiviral effects of interferon. The biological activity of interferon is often described as being host or species specific. This specificity appears to be mediated in part by specific receptors on cell membranes coded for by specific genes. Consequently, the antiviral effects and other biological activities of interferons are assayed primarily on suitable homologous cell lines that are highly sensitive to both the interferon being tested and the challenge virus. The gene responsible for the sensitivity of human cells to the antiviral effects of interferon α and β has been localized to chromosome 21. Ovine and caprine cells provide a unique opportunity to increase the sensitivity of the assay in measuring the antiviral effects of various types of interferons. They also provide a convenient system for comparative studies with other cell lines that have limited sensitivity to the antiviral effects of heterologous interferons. There are several advantages inherent in employing ovine choroid plexus (OCP) or caprine synovial membrane (CSM) cell lines to measure the antiviral effects of various types of interferons: (1) their greater sensitivity to the antiviral effects of a number of domestic animal and humans interferons when compared to homologous cells, (2) their ease of propagation, and (3) their pronounced and wide-range sensitivity to the cytopathic effects (CPE) of the most widely used viruses, such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), for the antiviral assay of interferons.
Personal assistive device for adults with autism spectrum disorders

In this paper, the author discusses designing a wearable PDA called PAD for high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorders. PAD will enable adults with autism to compensate for many of their difficulties in the areas of social interaction, communication, sensory processing, and higher-order cognition.
Efficient lossless compression of trees and graphs

Summary form only given, as follows. Data compression algorithms have been widely used in many areas to meet the demand of storage and transfer of large size data. Most of the data compression algorithms regard the input as a sequence of binary numbers and represent the compressed data also as a binary sequence. However, in many areas such as programming languages (e.g. LISP and C) and compiler design, it is more desirable to have a compression algorithm which compresses a data structure while keeping a similar structure of the original data in the compressed form. In addition to reducing storage space, such compression also has the benefit of efficiently executing various operations (e.g. searching) in the compressed form. We study the problem of compressing a non-binary data structure (e.g. tree, undirected and directed graphs) in an efficient way while keeping a similar structure in the compressed form. To date, there has been no proven optimal algorithm for this problem. We use the idea of building LZW tree in LZW compression to compress a binary tree generated by a stationary ergodic source. The tree is parsed into subtrees using breadth first search and an optimal dictionary is constructed with each index pointing to a distinct subtree. We replace the parsed subtrees by dictionary indices to formed the compressed tree. We also extend our tree compression algorithm to compress undirected and directed acyclic graphs.
Preclinical Models of Hepatic Encephalopathy

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease in which pigmented midbrain neurons progressively die producing a dopamine (DA) deficit in the striatum which manifests as an akinetic movement disorder. Experimentally induced striatal DA depletion in animals is a valid model of parkinsonism. The capacity of certain substances to damage catecholaminergic neurones has been used for a long time to produce DA deficiency in animals. This unit focuses on methods for inducing parkinsonism using the neurotoxins MPTP and 6-hydroxy dopamine and methods for evaluating the animals. Other models are briefly reviewed.
Production of IFN-γ by CD4 T Cells Is Essential for Resolving Ehrlichia Infection

To address the role of cellular immunity during ehrlichia infection, we have used a newly described model of monocytic ehrlichiosis that results from infection of mice by an ehrlichia that was isolated from an Ixodes ovatus tick (Ixodes ovatus ehrlichia, IOE). Immunocompetent C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice exhibited a dose-dependent susceptibility to IOE infection. Mice infected with a high dose inoculum ( approximately 1000 organisms) exhibited pronounced thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, anemia, and morbidity within 12 days postinfection. Infection was associated with bacterial colonization of a number of tissues. In contrast, mice infected with a low dose inoculum ( approximately 100 organisms) exhibited only transient disease and were able to resolve the infection. SCID mice were highly susceptible to low-dose infection, indicating that adaptive immunity was required. Resistance to sublethal challenge in both C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice was CD4-, but not CD8-, dependent and required IL-12p40-dependent cytokines, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha, but not IL-4. CD4 T cells purified from infected mice proliferated in vitro in response to IOE Ags. T cell proliferation was associated with production of IFN-gamma, and the production of this cytokine by CD4 T cells rescued IFN-gamma-deficient mice from fatal infection. Exogenous IFN-gamma was capable of inducing microbiocidal activity in infected macrophages. The data suggest that classical immune mechanisms involving CD4 cells and type 1 cytokines are responsible for macrophage activation and for elimination of this intracellular bacterial pathogen.
Buckets of Fun!: Empowering low-income urban Native American youth to make nutritional changes through container gardening

A pilot program to address some cultural and economic barriers to better health among low income Native Americans living in urban areas has been developed in conjunction with Indian Centers. This program is designed for children and at least one parent, to facilitate communication, transmission of cultural knowledge, and to reinforce positive food behaviors. Teaching components focus on access to nutritional, non-processed food and herbs, centering around container gardening. The program takes a social empowerment approach, providing tools for greater control over salt and fat intake. Follow-up interviews indicate an increased use of herbs and spices, combined with a decrease in salt, butter, and fat use in food preparation as a result of participation. This has important public policy implications and supports expanding programming at urban Indian Centers.
SU‐GG‐T‐110: A Novel Aperture‐Based Algorithm for Fast Treatment Plan Optimization of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT)

Purpose: To develop a novel aperture‐based algorithm for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment plan optimization where the very high quality treatment plans can be found very efficiently. Method and Materials: The problem is formulated as a large‐scale convex programming problem and a column generation approach is developed to deal with its dimensionality. The algorithm generates multi‐leaf collimator(MLC) apertures one by one by solving a master problem and a subproblem iteratively. The subproblem in each iteration generates the most promising MLC aperture which can account for deliverability constraints imposed by the MLC system. By limiting to one aperture in each beam angle and taking MLC leaf motion constraints into account, the subproblem has the ability to generate deliverable while high‐quality apertures. The master problem re‐optimizes the intensities for all generated apertures using a gradient projection method. Results: Five clinical prostate cases and five clinical head‐and‐neck cases were tested to evaluate the treatment plan quality and planning efficiency. Very promising results were obtained. Compared to 9‐field prostate and 5‐field head‐and‐neck IMRT treatment plans, the direct aperture VMAT plans delivered much lower doses to the organs at‐risk (OARs) and more conformai doses to the targets. In addition, it takes only 5∼10 minutes to generate such plans in MATLAB implementation on a PC compared to hours for existing algorithms on a similar platform. Conclusion: This work provides an aperture‐based direct VMAT optimization method to generate clinical deliverable treatment plans in a very efficient way. The ability of this approach to efficiently find very high‐quality treatment plans has been demonstrated with 10 clinical cases.
STUDIES ON THE IMMUNE RESPONSE TO A CHARACTERIZED ANTIGENIC DETERMINANT OF THE TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS PROTEIN

The following peptides have previously been shown to bind specifically with antibodies to TMVP: ( a ) An eicosapeptide representing residues 93–112 of TMVP and having the sequence Ileu-Ileu-Glu-Val-Glu-AspNH2-GluNH2-Ala-AspNH2-Pro-Thr-Thr-Ala-Glu-Thr-Leu-Asp-Ala-Thr-Arg. ( b ) Its C-terminal decapeptide. ( c ) Its C-terminal pentapeptide. ( d ) N -octanoyl-C-terminal-tripeptide. ( e ) (Lys)4-C-terminal-pentapeptide. ( f ) (Lys)7 C-terminal-pentapeptide. The present communication deals with the investigation of several parameters of the immunological activity of the peptides. The results show that none of the peptides tested were immunogenic in guinea pigs, nor did they stimulate the incorporation of 14C-thymidine by spleen cells derived from TMVP-primed animals. Results also showed that all of the peptides tested could elicit specific delayed and immediate skin reactions in TMVP-sensitized guinea pigs, and furthermore, that the peptides could specifically inhibit the migration of peritoneal exudate cells derived from these animals. The elicitation of delayed skin reactions and the ability to inhibit migration of peritoneal exudate cells were independent of carrier specificity.
Imaging multiple sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases.

Although the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing as a consequence of the growing aging population, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms leading to these diseases remains obscure. Multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system and the most frequent cause of disability among young people after traumatic brain injury, is characterized by inflammatory/demyelinating and neurodegenerative processes that occurr earlier in life. The ability to make an early diagnosis of MS with the support of conventional MRI techniques, provides the opportunity to study neurodegeneration and the underlying pathophysiological processes in earlier stages than in classical neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes mechanisms of neurodegeneration common to MS and to Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and amiotrophic lateral sclerosis, and provides a brief overview of the neuroimaging studies employing MRI and PET techniques to investigate and monitor neurodegeneration i...
Linkage isomerization in heme-NOx compounds: understanding NO, nitrite, and hyponitrite interactions with iron porphyrins

Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivatives such as nitrite and hyponitrite are biologically important species of relevance to human health. Much of their physiological relevance stems from their interactions with the iron centers in heme proteins. The chemical reactivities displayed by the heme−NOx species (NOx = NO, nitrite, hyponitrite) are a function of the binding modes of the NOx ligands. Hence, an understanding of the types of binding modes extant in heme−NOx compounds is important if we are to unravel the inherent chemical properties of these NOx metabolites. In this Forum Article, the experimentally characterized linkage isomers of heme−NOx models and proteins are presented and reviewed. Nitrosyl linkage isomers of synthetic iron and ruthenium porphyrins have been generated by photolysis at low temperatures and characterized by spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Nitrite linkage isomers in synthetic metalloporphyrin derivatives have been generated from photolysis experiments and in...
Controlling Crystal Orientation in Zeolite MFI Thin Films by Direct In Situ Crystallization

A systematic study was carried out on the synthesis of oriented continuous zeolite MFI thin films on stainless steel substrate by direct in-situ crystallization, and clear correlation was obtained between crystal orientation in the zeolite film and the composition of the synthesis solution. Within the synthesis system of TPAOH:NaOH:TEOS:H2O:NaCl, OH-/Si and Na+/TPA+ ratios play a critical role in controlling crystal orientation. For sodium-free or low sodium syntheses, only random-oriented films are formed at OH-/Si ≥ 0.64, (a, b)-oriented films at 0.64 > OH-/Si > 0.5 or at 0.2 ≥ OH-/Si > 0.1, and b-oriented films at 0.5 ≥ OH-/Si > 0.2. For a given OH-/Si ratio, addition of Na+ leads to change of crystal orientation from b-oriented, to (a, b)-oriented, to (a, b, c)-oriented, and eventually to random-oriented.
A computational approach to modeling population differences.

Four experiments were conducted to determine whether the Hyperspace Analogue to Language (HAL) model of semantic memory could differentiate between two different populations. An analysis of the differences in densities (or average distances between word neighbors in semantic space) in HAL matrices—generated from text corpora derived from younger and older adults—confirmed that HAL was able to distinguish between the two age groups. This difference was again detected when structured interview data were used to build the corpora. A third experiment, designed to test the specificity of HAL in detecting differences between groups, did not detect any difference in the densities of the memory representations when older adults generated both the test corpora. The final experiment, conducted on the language of adults with Alzheimer’s and normal adults, again demonstrated that HAL could discriminate between the two populations. These results suggest that HAL is capable of modeling, on the basis of changes in mean density, some of the differences between populations without modifying the model itself but, rather, by changing the text corpus from which the model creates its representations in semantic space.
Benzalkonium chloride-induced denervation of orbicularis oculi muscle in rabbits.

PURPOSE To examine the potential for benzalkonium chloride (BAK) to cause denervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) in a rabbit model. METHODS Pigmented rabbits were separated into five groups consisting of five rabbits each. Group 1 was injected with 1 mL of BAK 0.25% in the OOM of the upper eyelid. Group 2 was injected with 1 mL of BAK 0.5%. Group 3 included untreated controls. Groups 4 and 5 underwent surgical severing of the facial nerve (to cause complete paralysis of the OOM). Strength-duration curves for electrical stimulation of muscle twitches were measured for each group and chronaxie values were calculated to determine innervation status. Groups 1 and 4 were stimulated at 1 week postintervention while groups 2 and 5 were stimulated at 4 weeks postintervention. The rabbits were then sacrificed and the eyelids sent for histological analysis. RESULTS In group 1, all five rabbits demonstrated denervation of the OOM in the injected area. In group 2, one rabbit developed an abscess at the injection site and was sacrificed at 1 week. Of the remaining four rabbits, two showed complete denervation and two showed denervation with evidence of partial reinnervation. The histology demonstrated marked atrophy of the OOM for BAK-treated rabbits when compared with controls. In group 3, all five rabbits showed normal OOM function. In groups 4 and 5, all rabbits showed denervation of the OOM and histological evidence of muscle atrophy similar to groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS BAK causes denervation when injected into the OOM in rabbits. The clinical relevance of this finding may be the onset of lagophthalmos and eyelid retraction in patients with chronic BAK exposure.
Acute Non-Dilating Obstructive Renal Failure in a Patient with AIDS

A 30-year-old male who presented with acute renal failure was found to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although sonography and computerized tomography did not show urinary tract dilata
Tripodal phenylamine-based ligands and their CoII complexes.

The syntheses of two phenylamine-based ligand systems, N(o-PhNH2)3 and N(o-PhNHC(O)iPr)3, are reported. These ligands readily coordinate to CoII to form monomeric complexes. X-ray diffraction studies establish that the [N(o-PhNC(O)iPr)3]3- ligand stabilizes the CoII ion in a trigonal-monopyramidal coordination environment. The axial coordination site in this complex is accessible and, upon cyanide coordination, generates an electrochemically active species.
Influence of anion flux upon mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.

We have measured mitochondrial ATP synthesis during passive anion influx and find that influx of phosphate leads to diminished efficiency (as reflected in the ATP:0 ratio) whereas influx of acetate produced enhanced efficiency. The anions, sulfate, propionate, and thiocyanate, are without influence on the ATP:0 ratio. It is likely that the opposite effects of phosphate and acetate on the ATP:0 ratio reflect phosphateacetate exchange, and that acetate influx produces its positive effect on ATP synthesis by promoting phosphate efflux. Thus, phosphate efflux may be associated with increased, and phosphate influx, with decreased energy conservation.
Short-range solvation patterns of pentachlorophenol, triethylamine, and their reaction products by cyclic ethers in cyclohexane

Abstract The proton-transfer indicator reaction method is applied to the pentachlorophenol-triethylamine proton-transfer equilibrium K PT undergoing solvation by tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxane, and 1,4-dioxane in bulk cyclohexane. A predicted decrease in K PT occurs owing to hydrogen bonding solvation of the free phenol upon increasing ether concentration. However, the data unexpectedly suggest that hydrogen bonding solvation by the ethers to the proton of the proton-transfer adduct also occurs.
How Web-Scale Discovery Changes the Conversation: The Questions Librarians Should Ask Themselves

With the introduction of Web-scale discovery, it is almost impossible to envision returning to the fractioned library resource searching of the past. In leveraging the commercial Google-like approach to searching, the expectation of the user is forever raised with the increasingly seamless ability to discover library resources in the same way. This article shares experiences and practical advice on Web-scale discovery and electronic resources management, collection development considerations, and services integration within the context of the questions librarians should ask themselves before, during, and after implementation.
Correction of intraoperative coagulopathy in a patient with neurofibromatosis type I with intravenous desmopressin (DDAVP).

Abstract A patient with the genetic condition neurofibromatosis type I and no known coagulopathy undergoing cesarean delivery, had diffuse uterine and surgical site bleeding that was not correctable by oxytocin, methylergonovine and PGF2α. Despite good uterine tone, hemorrhage continued from the uterus and the surrounding tissues, persisting even after surgical ligation of the uterine arteries. With no change in her condition, which was behaving clinically as a coagulopathy, an infusion of desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) was begun. The patient's bleeding promptly resolved shortly after infusion of this agent. A review of relevant literature suggests that platelet reactivity of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 is attenuated in some in vitro conditions. Thus, there may be some theoretical basis for using DDAVP in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 who have bleeding problems with no other known source, such as in the case presented here.
Purified N-cadherin is a potent substrate for the rapid induction of neurite outgrowth.

N-cadherin is the predominant mediator of calcium-dependent adhesion in the nervous system (Takeichi, M. 1988. Development (Camb.). 102: 639-655). Investigations using antibodies to block N-cadherin function (Bixby, J.L., R.L. Pratt, J. Lilien, and L.F. Reichardt. 1987. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84:2555-2569; Bixby, J.L., J. Lilien, and L.F. Reichardt. 1988. J. Cell Biol. 107:353-362; Tomaselli, K.J., K.N. Neugebauer, J.L. Bixby, J. Lilien, and L.F. Reichardt. 1988. Neuron. 1:33-43) or transfection of the N-cadherin gene into heterologous cell lines (Matsunaga, M., K. Hatta, A. Nagafuchi, and M. Takeichi. 1988. Nature (Lond.). 334:62-64) have provided evidence that N-cadherin, alone or in combination with other molecules, can participate in the induction of neurite extension. We have developed an affinity purification procedure for the isolation of whole N-cadherin from chick brain and have used the isolated protein as a substrate for neurite outgrowth. N-cadherin promotes the rapid extension of neurites from chick ciliary ganglion neurons, which extend few or no neurites on adhesive but noninducing substrates such as polylysine, tissue culture plastic, and collagens. N-cadherin is extremely potent, more so than the L1 adhesion molecule, and comparable to the extracellular matrix protein laminin. Compared to laminin, however. N-cadherin promotes outgrowth from ciliary ganglion neurons extremely rapidly and with a distinct morphology. These results provide a direct demonstration that N-cadherin is sufficient to induce neurite outgrowth when substrate bound and suggest that the mechanism(s) involved may differ from that induced by laminin.
Refutation of a Therapeutic Alternative? A Reply to Pollard, Ellis, Finan, and Ramig (2009)

Purpose To challenge the findings of Pollard, Ellis, Finan, and Ramig (2009), who examined 11 participants using the SpeechEasy, an in-the-ear device that employs altered auditory feedback to reduc...
Experimental and computational study of complex shockwave dynamics in laser ablation plumes in argon atmosphere

We investigated spatio-temporal evolution of ns laser ablation plumes at atmospheric pressure, a favored condition for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. The 1064 nm, 6 ns pulses from a Nd:YAG laser were focused on to an Al target and the generated plasma was allowed to expand in 1 atm Ar. The hydrodynamic expansion features were studied using focused shadowgraphy and gated 2 ns self-emission visible imaging. Shadowgram images showed material ejection and generation of shock fronts. A secondary shock is observed behind the primary shock during the time window of 100-500 ns with instabilities near the laser cone angle. By comparing the self-emission images obtained using fast photography, it is concluded that the secondary shocks observed in the shadowgraphy were generated by fast moving target material. The plume front estimates using fast photography exhibited reasonable agreement with data obtained from shadowgraphy at early times ≤400 n...
Sex Role Identity and Self Esteem in Adulthood

Sex role identity (Bern Sex Role Inventory) and self esteem (Texas Social Behavior Inventory) were examined in a cross sectional sample of 2069 Ohio State University students, employees, and alumni between the ages of seventeen and eighty-nine. Both men and women displayed peak masculinity scores in the middle years of adulthood, with no significant differences in femininity scores across the age range studied. Among both men and women, psychologically “androgynous” individuals displayed the highest levels of self esteem, followed by masculine sex-typed, feminine sex-typed, and “undifferentiated” individuals, in that order. Masculinity was a far better predictor of self esteem than was femininity.
Hodgkin's disease first suggested by sputum cytology.

This 17-year-old Caucasian youth was suspected of having pulmonary Hodgkin's disease on the basis of abnormal sputum cytologic preparations. The diagnosis was confirmed by surgery a short time fader. He did well for two yean on cobalt therapy and chemotherapy before finally dying of disseminated Hodgkin's disease. This is the first recorded case to our knowledge of Hodgkin's disease which was initially diagnosed by sputum cytologic examination.
The corpus luteum of the rhesus monkey during late pregnancy.

Corpora lutea of pregnant monkeys were marked with india ink 20 days after fertilization. Subsequent laparotomies at 40, 100 and 155 days of pregnancy revealed that regression in size and/or vascularity of the corpora lutea occurred between 20 and 100 days of gestation. This regression was followed by a rejuvenation in size and/or vascularity of the corpora lutea between 100 and 155 days of gestation. Progestin and progesterone concentrations in peripheral, ovarian and uterine venous plasma were measured by competitive protein binding. Ovarian plasma at day 155 of pregnancy contained 14 times as much progesterone as peripheral plasma and 8 times more progesterone than uterine plasma samples. The data clearly indicate that the corpora lutea of early pregnancy are the same corpora lutea seen 2 weeks prior to parturition in the monkey. Moreover, the corpora lutea of late pregnancy are functional, as judged by ovarian venous progesterone concentrations. Endocrinology 91: 665, 1972)
Methylation of DNA in ultraviolet-irradiated bacteria.

Methylation of DNA continues in Escherichia coli K12, W, and B strains in which net synthesis of the polymer has been eliminated by ultraviolet irradiation. This appears to be independent of dimer excision, yet degradation of DNA in the post-irradiation period does modify the ultimate level of overmethylation. DNA methylated in vivo after irradiation has a decreased ratio of 6 methyl adenine to 5-methyl-cytosine relative to that found when the labeling occurs during logarithmic growth. In addition, a decrease in the activities of the DNA methylases in crude extracts is evident 8 to 12 min after irradiation; heterologous DNA reisolated from such reaction mixtures exhibits a drop in both 6-methyladenine and 5-methylcytosine label with distortion of the 6-methyladenine5-methylcytosine ratio. Since the methylating capacity falls, the overmethylation observed in irradiated bacteria may not be attributable to new enzyme specificities. We suggest that a relaxation of the restrictions on DNA methylation which usually prevail occurs as a result of ultraviolet irradiation damage.
Rapid progression to invasive cervix cancer in a woman infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

Abstract Background: Previous studies have shown an increased risk of cervical dysplasia in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as an increased risk of progression to higher-grade lesions. It is not known whether the rate of progression is accelerated over that in immunocompetent women. Case: During September 1991, an HIV-positive woman underwent conization of the cervix showing carcinoma in situ. The surgical margins and endocervical curettings were negative for dysplasia. Papanicolaou smears 4 and 7 months after the conization also were negative. She then presented 33 months postconization with a stage Ib2 cervical carcinoma, which proved resistant to chemotherapy and pelvic radiation. Conclusion: Immunosuppression caused by HIV infection may cause a more rapid progression of cervical intraepithelial lesions to carcinoma.
A Simple Derivation of the Acoustic Boundary Condition in the Presence of Flow

In modeling the noise propagation in a duct of a ducted fan engine, the authors needed the boundary condition satisfied by the acoustic pressure on a lined duct wall in the presence of flow. The result in the form used by the authors was derived by M. K. Myers who presented a formal derivation of a related result by K. Taylor. A good review of the subject can be found in reference 3. Here a brief and simple derivation of the acoustic boundary condition of Myers is given. The main difference in the derivation from that in reference 2 is that the Gaussian coordinate system is used to specify the instantaneous position, i.e. Lagrangian variable, of the point on the mean position of the wall with curvilinear (Gaussian) corrdinates. Myers uses a locally orthogonal coordinate system which is somewhat less specific than what is used here.
One of the family: Domestic service in early modern Japan

This study investigates the effect of domestic service upon social practice and asks if domestic service led to self-affirmation and individualistic behavior in early modern Japan. It begins by describing various employees classified as domestic servants. Next the role of the servant as a member of the employer's family shows fluid kinship relations that resulted in changes in the family system and family practice. Contemporary theater is used to address some of the conflicting issues that these changes offered as challenges to patriarchal authority and how society reacted to these changes.
Quantum engineering: Spins coupled to a persistent current

Quantum computing architectures based on hybrid systems require strong coupling and information exchange between their constituent elements. These two features have been achieved in one such hybrid setting. See Letter p.221 Hybrid quantum devices, in which a superconducting qubit is coupled to a dedicated quantum memory based on natural atomic or molecular ensembles, are promising for quantum information processing. However, it has not been clear whether the required strength of coherent quantum coupling could be achieved. Zhu et al. improve the prospects of such technology, demonstrating coherent strong coupling and exchange of a quantum of energy between a superconducting flux qubit and an ensemble of electron spins associated with nitrogen-vacancy defects in diamond.
Perspectives on experimental research in managerial accounting

Abstract In this paper, I discuss the importance of conducting experimental research in managerial accounting and provide a framework for understanding and assessing the contributions of research in this area. I then use this framework to organize, integrate, and evaluate the existing experimental managerial accounting research. Based on my review and synthesis of the literature, I suggest numerous avenues for future experimental research in managerial accounting.
A note on consistent quasi-geostrophic boundary conditions in partially open, simply and multiply connected domains

Abstract Mass conservation is used to elucidate differences between initial boundary value problems for the quasi-geostrophic vorticity equation in regions that are fully enclosed versus regions that are partially open. In fully closed domains, mass conservation is explicitly imposed as a consistency constraint on the dynamical evolution of the flow. Partially or fully open domains do not require an explicit mass conservation constraint. In these cases, the mass conservation balance is used as a diagnostic to describe the interaction between open boundary conditions and the inflow/outflow vorticity implied by the quasi-geostrophic equation. The new formalism is carried over the multiply connected, partially open domains, where explicit circulation integral constraints are required around island boundaries. Implications concerning coastal applications of quasi-geostrophic numerical models are outlined.
Development and Implementation of a Clerkship Counseling Hotline

Background: The 3rd year of medical school is stressful, yet students may hesitate to access their school's mental health services. Description: We instituted the Clerkship Counseling Hotline, an anonymous, 24-hour cell phone hotline staffed by an independent counselor. Evaluation: Hotline calls were logged, and students were surveyed regarding the hotline. Seventeen students called the hotline 25 times during the year. Callers' concerns included disillusionment with medicine, anxiety over performance, and personal problems. The hotline did not reduce overall student stress compared with the 3rd-year classes preceding the hotline. However, 75% said continuing the hotline was important, and 75% found the hotline's availability reassuring. Conclusion: A clerkship counseling hotline may enhance medical schools' mental health resources.
miRNAs in the spotlight: Making 'silent' mutations speak up

Genetic mutations can cause numerous diseases. These alterations affect not only protein-coding genes but also regions that were until recently thought to be trivial in disease. In 'Bedside to Bench', David Salzman and Joanne Weidhaas examine a human study showing how a silent mutation impairs the binding of miR-196, increasing the risk for Crohn's disease. Therefore, alterations of miRNA target sites as pathogenic mechanism begs further investigation. miRNAs themselves can also be the root of disease. In 'Bench to Bedside', Carlo Croce peruses a study in vivo showing evidence of tumor addiction to miR-21 in a mouse model of cancer, which highlights the role of miRNAs as initiators of disease. Targeting these drivers will help to develop effective drugs.
Measurements of plasma flow in an MPD engine.

MPD engine plasma flow investigated by Langmuir probe measurement of ion saturation current
Simplicity: The Ultimate Sophistication of Collaborative Practice

Abstract The past decade has seen significant attention to and investment in the realm of collaborative practice (CP). Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) and its scholarly precursor Interprofessional Education (IPE) have been hot ticket items for learning institutions, governments and healthcare organizations. Full integration into the healthcare delivery model, however, has not been fully actualized. For CP to be sustainable in the clinical practice setting the application of IPC needs to be simple, specific and practical. This paper discusses barriers to integration and forwards that two simple principles are necessary for collaborative practice—personal investment and collective engagement.
A variational approach to stochastic transport

Abstract We consider the problem of radiation transport through a stochastic background material described by arbitrary statistics. A variational principle is developed to estimate the ensemble average of a general linear functional of the solution. Numerical results based upon this principle are compared with exact benchmark results using a variety of trial functions. The test problem employed is a source-free rod, in a monochromatic, time independent setting. The variational formalism is used to estimate reflection, transmission, absorption, and the intensity at the rod center for a binary background mixture of immiscible fluids. The numerical calculations employ various renewal statistics, including Markovian, to describe the mixing of the two fluid components.
Anatomy of the Pulp-Chamber Floor

Locating the number and position of orifices on pulp-chamber floors can be difficult. This is especially true when the tooth being treated is heavily restored, malposed, or calcified. After evaluating 500 pulp chambers of extracted teeth, new laws for finding pulp chambers and root-canal orifices are proposed. The use of these laws can aid in the determination of the pulp-chamber position and the exact location and number of root canals in any individual tooth.
Laser display technology

The promise of producing a cathode-ray-tube type of display with essentially unlimited screen size accounts for much of the current interest in laser displays. The first display that used a laser light source to generate a television image was operated in late 1964. Since that time, a number of experimental laser display systems have been demonstrated, including versions capable of reproducing color television images and displaying computer-generated information. Adequate light modulation and scanning techniques are presently available, but the design of broadly applicable equipment still awaits the development of more efficient multicolor lasers.
DNA Strand Cleavage Is Required for Replication Fork Arrest by a Frozen Topoisomerase-Quinolone-DNA Ternary Complex

The formation of a topoisomerase-quinolone-DNA ternary complex leads to cell death. We show here that an active strand breakage and reunion activity is required for formation of a norfloxacin-topoisomerase IV-DNA ternary complex that can arrest the progression of replication forks in vitro. Mutant topoisomerases containing either an active site mutation, a quinolone resistance-conferring mutation, or both, could all bind DNA as well as the wild-type, but unlike the wild-type, could not halt replication fork progression. The collision between the replication fork and the frozen topoisomerase converted the cleavable complex to a nonreversible form but did not generate a double-stranded break. Thus, the cytotoxicity of this class of topoisomerase inhibitors likely results from a two-step process: (i) conversion of the frozen topoisomerase-quinolone-DNA ternary complex to an unreversible form; and (ii) generation of a double-strand break by subsequent denaturation of the topoisomerase, perhaps by an aborted repair attempt.
Growth rate and behavior of Norway rats reared on conspecific flesh

In an effort to establish the adaptive significance of their aversion to feed on dead adult conspecifics, Norway rats were reared from birth on commercial lab chow or on dead adult conspecifics (n = 12 males and 18 females per group). At 12 weeks of age, those reared on lab chow weighed reliably more (p <.01) than those reared on conspecific carcasses. The difference in weight between the two groups (5.4%) was equivalent to 1 week’s growth in rats 10-12 weeks old. Those reared on lab chow also drank reliably more water (p <.001). Females reared on conspecific carcasses produced reliably fewer pups per litter (p <.002); otherwise, their maternal behavior was normal. These findings cast doubt on two hypotheses: (1) Hungry rats commonly reject conspecific flesh as food because it is nutritionally inadequate, and (2) feeding on dead conspecifics potentiates preying on live ones.
Compact sub-hertz OTA-C filter design with interface-trap charge pump

Single-ended and differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) configurations are biased with MOSFET interface-trap charge-pumping (ITCP) current generators to achieve very low transconductances for tunable sub-hertz operational transconductance amplifier-capacitor (OTA-C) filter implementation. This paper reviews the basics of ITCP current generation and presents the transconductors and the OTA-C filter configurations based on these transconductors. One of the filters is a low-pass with an experimentally determined lowest cutoff frequency of 0.18 Hz, and the other is a fully differential bandpass with individually tunable lower and upper cutoff frequencies measured down to 0.3 Hz. The former has one 15-pF filter capacitor, and measures 0.0346 mm/sup 2/, whereas the latter contains four such capacitors and occupies 0.188 mm/sup 2/ silicon. Experimental evaluation also includes offset, harmonic distortion, and noise performance.
Helium isotope disequilibrium and geochronology of glassy submarine basalts

The (U+Th)/He dating method is the oldest method of geochronology that involves radioactivity, but historically it has not been particularly successful. Even when problems of poor helium retention and loss due to radiation damage are circumvented by analysing suitable mineral phases1–4, problems frequently remain with inherited helium5,6. Here we show that isotope disequilibrium in the 3He/4He ratio between helium trapped in vesicles and that dissolved in the glass phase of some young seamount basalts can be used to determine (U + Th)/He ages for the basalts. We use the 3He/4He in vesicles (extracted by crushing in vacuo) to correct the dissolved phase He (by fusion of the remaining powder) for the inherited component, and compute the radiogenic helium concentration. The method is applicable to rocks containing phases with different (U+Th)/He, and the results have implications for dating lavas in the age range of 103 to 106 years (thus filling a gap between the limits of the 14C and K–Ar methods), and for reconstructing the geochemical history of young volcanic systems.
Differential recruitment of executive control regions during phonological competition in monolinguals and bilinguals.

Abstract Behavioral research suggests that monolinguals and bilinguals differ in how they manage within-language phonological competition when listening to language. The current study explored whether bilingual experience might also change the neural resources recruited to control spoken-word competition. Seventeen Spanish–English bilinguals and eighteen English monolinguals completed an fMRI task in which they searched for a picture representing an aurally presented word (e.g., “candy”) from an array of four presented images. On competitor trials, one of the objects in the display shared initial phonological overlap with the target (e.g., candle). While both groups experienced competition and responded more slowly on competitor trials than on unrelated trials, fMRI data suggest that monolinguals, but not bilinguals, activated executive control regions (e.g., anterior cingulate, superior frontal gyrus) during within-language phonological competition. We conclude that differences in how monolinguals and bilinguals manage competition may result from bilinguals’ more efficient deployment of neural resources.
Structure determination of glycogen synthase kinase-3 from Leishmania major and comparative inhibitor structure-activity relationships with Trypanosoma brucei GSK-3.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a drug target under intense investigation in pharmaceutical companies and constitutes an attractive piggyback target for eukaryotic pathogens. Two different GSKs are found in trypanosomatids, one about 150 residues shorter than the other. GSK-3 short (GeneDB: Tb927.10.13780) has previously been validated genetically as a drug target in Trypanosoma brucei by RNAi induced growth retardation; and chemically by correlation between enzyme and in vitro growth inhibition. Here, we report investigation of the equivalent GSK-3 short enzymes of L. major (LmjF18.0270) and L. infantum (LinJ18_V3.0270, identical in amino acid sequences to LdonGSK-3 short) and a crystal structure of LmajGSK-3 short at 2 A resolution. The inhibitor structure-activity relationships (SARs) of L. major and L. infantum are virtually identical, suggesting that inhibitors could be useful for both cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Leishmania spp. GSK-3 short has different inhibitor SARs than TbruGSK-3 short, which can be explained mostly by two variant residues in the ATP-binding pocket. Indeed, mutating these residues in the ATP-binding site of LmajGSK-3 short to the TbruGSK-3 short equivalents results in a mutant LmajGSK-3 short enzyme with SAR more similar to that of TbruGSK-3 short. The differences between human GSK-3β (HsGSK-3β) and LmajGSK-3 short SAR suggest that compounds which selectively inhibit LmajGSK-3 short may be found.