cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The expression and posttranslational modification of a neuron-specific β-tubulin isotype during chick embryogenesis

Five β-tubulin isotypes are expressed differentially during chicken brain development. One of these isotypes is encoded by the gene cβ4 and has been assigned to an isotypic family designated as Class III (βIII). In the nervous system of higher vertebrates, βIII is synthesized exclusively by neurons. A βIII-specific monoclonal antibody was used to determine when during chick embryogenesis cβ4 is expressed, the cellular localization of βIII, and the number of charge variants (isoforms) into which βIII can be resolved by isoelectric focusing. On Western blots, βIII is first detectable at stages 12–13. Thereafter, the relative abundance of βIII in brain increases steadily, apparently in conjunction with the rate of neural differentiation. The isotype was not detectable in non-neural tissue extracts from older embryos (days 10–14) and hatchlings. Western blots of protein separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D–PAGE) reveal that the number of βIII isoforms increases from one to three during neural development. This evidence indicates that βIII is a substrate for developmentally regulated, multiple-site posttranslational modification. Immunocytochemical studies reveal that while cβ4 expression is restricted predominantly to the nervous system, it is transiently expressed in some embryonic structures. More importantly, in the nervous system, immunoreactive cells were located primarily in the non-proliferative marginal zone of the neural epithelia. Regions containing primarily mitotic neuroblasts were virtually unstained. This localization pattern indicates that cβ4 expression occurs either during or immediately following terminal mitosis, and suggests that βIII may have a unique role during early neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth.
Reclamation of Memory, Fall, and the Death of the Creative Self: Three Moments in the Fiction of Intizār usain

Marcel Proust ends the first book Du cote de chez Swann of his mammoth novel A la recherche du temps perdu with this sentence: “Le souvenir d'une certaine image n'est que le regret d'un certain instant; et les maisons, les routes, les avenues, sont fugitives, helas, comme les annees.” It would seem that a significant part of the early fiction of Intiℑār Husain, a Shī'ite Muslim and by far the most talented Urdu writer in Pakistan toaay, is devoted to the remembrance of things past, moments gone, and faces dissolved by time.
Cell proliferation is insufficient, but loss of tuberin is necessary, for chemically induced nephrocarcinogenicity

Although 2,3,5-tris-(glutathion-S-yl)hydroquinone (TGHQ; 2.5 μmol/kg ip) markedly increased cell proliferation within the outer stripe of the outer medulla (OSOM) of the kidney in both wild-type (T...
Late erosion of Amplatzer septal occluder device resulting in cardiac tamponade

Transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defects (ASDs) is a minimally invasive technique that offers an alternative to conventional surgical repair. There are risks imposed by this technique; however, they compare favourably with risks of surgical closure. Here, we present a case of a 59-year old male with late erosion of an Amplatzer septal occluder device resulting in cardiac tamponade 5 years after device placement. To the best of our knowledge, cardiac tamponade this late after device placement has not yet been reported. Septal occlusion device erosion remains a major issue among the risks imposed by device closure of an ASD. More data are needed to better understand its true causes and possible solutions.
Evaluating change in physical activity with the building of a multi-use trail

Background Cross-sectional studies suggest a positive association between the presence of trails and physical activity participation. Prospective evaluations of the impact of building a multi-use trail, in terms of change in physical activity levels among nearby residents, are needed. Design The study was designed as a quasi-experimental noncontrol pre-post design. Setting/participants Participants included 366 adults aged ≥18 years living within 2 miles of the evaluated trail. Intervention A railway of >23 miles was under development for conversion to a multi-use trail in central North Carolina. A segment of the trail was evaluated by randomly selecting and telephone interviewing adults living within 2 miles of the planned trail before trail construction began and approximately 2 months after completion of construction. Main outcome measures Outcomes were time spent in leisure activity, leisure activity near home, walking, bicycling, moderate activity, vigorous activity, and transportation activity. Results At follow-up, of the 366 adults living within 2 miles of the trail, 11.0% had not heard of the trail, and 23.1% had heard of the trail and had used it at least once. In multivariable logistic models, leisure activity, leisure activity near home, moderate activity, vigorous activity, and walking for transportation did not significantly change for those who used the trail compared to those not using the trail. Conclusions This prospective study of the building of a multi-use trail did not demonstrate an increase in physical activity among adults living near the trail. Other prospective studies are encouraged, to take advantage of rigorously evaluating different types of trails that are to be constructed in rural and urban settings.
Dried Staphylococcus aureus as a rapid immunological separating agent in radioimmunoassays.

Abstract A rapid (≤60 seconds) iiranunological separation of antigen-antibody complexes from free antigen has been developed in radioimmunoassays (RIAs) of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL) and 6-endorphin by using suspensions of dried Staphylococcus aureus rich in protein-A. In the systems tested parallel dose-response curves were obtained for protein-A and second antibody precipitations. The sensitivity of the protein-A method is equal to or higher than that of second antibody method. Tissue culture medium and serum hormone levels measured with RIAs using protein-A are similar to those detected with double antibody methods. The technique may be of general use in all RIAs utilizing antisera from species whose IgG are known to be bound by protein-A.
The Effects of Preschool Girls’ and Boys’ Help Seeking on Adult Evaluations of Dyadic Problem Solving

Children’s help seeking is ubiquitous in dyadic problem solving and fundamental to theories of scaffolded intellectual development. However, little is known about possible effects of variation in help seeking on adult perceptions. This was investigated by having adults evaluate preschoolers’ ability, achievement expectation, and motivation during a challenging task, unaware that the children were matched in performance, strategy, and language ability, but differed only by gender and help seeking. Girls and high-help-seeking children were judged as less capable and less confident. Child gender and help seeking interacted, whereby girls high in help seeking were rated as less capable and confident than all other children. Although girls were rated as more motivated, gender and help-seeking level interacted. High-help-seeking girls were rated as lower in motivation than low-help-seeking girls, whereas the reverse was found for boys. Gender differences in pragmatic development important to adult-child problem...
Conceptualization of Developmental Psychopathology

In this chapter, I will consider developmental psychopathology as a general approach to understanding relations between development and its maladaptive deviations. This approach highlights the value of viewing psychopathology in relation to the major changes that typically occur across the life cycle. It does not prescribe particular theoretical explanations for disorders but provides a framework for organizing the study of psychopathology around milestones and sequences in physical, cognitive, social-emotional, and educational development. This framework is especially pertinent to maladaptive behavior occurring during the period of rapid development from birth to maturity. It is also pertinent, however, to the less dramatic changes occurring later in life.
Multiscale Variation-Aware Techniques for High-Performance Digital Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip Component Placement

The invention of microfluidic lab-on-a-chip alleviates the burden of traditional biochemical laboratory procedures which are often very expensive. Device miniaturization and increasing design complexity have mandated a shift in digital microfluidic lab-on-a-chip design from traditional manual design to computer-aided design (CAD) methodologies. As an important procedure in the lab-on-a-chip layout CAD, the lab-on-a-chip component placement determines the physical location and the starting time of each operation such that the overall completion time is minimized while satisfying nonoverlapping constraint, resource constraint, and scheduling constraint. In this paper, a multiscale variation-aware optimization technique based on integer linear programming is proposed for the lab-on-a-chip component placement. The simulation results demonstrate that without considering variations, our technique always satisfies the design constraints and largely outperforms the state-of-the-art approach, with up to 65.9% reduction in completion time. When considering variations, the variation-unaware design has the average yield of 2%, while our variation-aware technique always satisfies the yield constraint with only 7.7% completion time increase.
Sensitivity of biomarkers to post-acquisitional processing parameters for in vivo brain MR spectroscopy signals

We present the results of a study to determine the sensitivity of biomarkers in in vivo brain MRS signals to post-acquisitional processing algorithms and parameters. Using a comprehensive integrated suite of post-processing and inference algorithms (BIDASCA) we examine the impact of different parameter values for model-based water suppression on the identification of statistically significant wavelet-based and model-based features. We observe that the number, location, and effect-sizes of significant features vary as a function of the resonance components estimated and removed during model-based water suppression, as well as their spectral proximity to the dominant water resonance itself. Moreover, the ordering of SVD modes in different signals is not uniform, making consistent suppression of water-based resonances problematic. Less than half of all significant features remained significant when water-suppression parameters were varied, which indicates that different parameter values can lead to unique markers and effect sizes. This study demonstrates the need for an end-to-end understanding of the sensitivity of biomarkers to processes that introduce uncertainty within the data, from acquisition to post-processing algorithms.
Induction of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in dogs by administration of diabetogenic bovine pituitary peptide

Abstract A peptide exhibiting diabetogenic and anti-insulin properties isolated from bovine adenohypophysis was administered subcutaneously in single doses to four dogs for 2 to 3 consecutive days. Ten hours after each injection, the animals were given an oral glucose load and a series of blood samples were obtained for glucose and insulin determinations. In one dog, the procedure was repeated 13 days after the first one. In another animal, the same procedure was carried out three times. Glucose tolerance was clearly impaired and serum insulin rose excessively in three of the four animals. In the fourth animal the response was observed but only after the third injection. Thus, insulin resistance appears to be a major mechanism by which this peptide induces loss of carbohydrate tolerance.
Bayesian Forecasting for Seemingly Unrelated Time Series: Application to Local Government Revenue Forecasting

One important implementation of Bayesian forecasting is the Multi-State Kalman Filter MSKF method. It is particularly suited for short and irregular time series data. In certain applications, time series data are available on numerous parallel observational units which, while not having cause-and-effect relationships between them, are subject to the same external forces e.g., business cycles. Treating them separately may lose useful information for forecasting. For such situations, involving seemingly unrelated time series, this article develops a Bayesian forecasting method called C-MSKF that combines the MSKF method with the Conditionally Independent Hierarchical method. A case study on forecasting income tax revenue for each of forty school districts in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, based on fifteen years of data, is used to illustrate the application of C-MSKF in comparison with univariate MSKF. Results show that C-MSKF is more accurate than MSKF. The relative accuracy of C-MSKF increases with decreasing length of historical time series data, increasing forecasting horizon, and sensitivity of school districts to the economic cycle.
An Indo-West Pacific ‘zooxanthella’ invasive to the western Atlantic finds its way to the Eastern Pacific via an introduced Caribbean coral

Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Siderastrea glynni, a species of coral thought to be endemic to the Eastern Pacific, is actually more likely to be Si. siderea introduced from the Atlantic. Our analyses of the endosymbionts of Si. glynni (Symbiodinium) substantiate this as an introduced species; attempts to conserve and list Si. glynni as an endangered species are probably unwarranted. The specimens we examined harbored Symbiodinium trenchii and some also contained Sy. goreaui, symbionts that occur with Si. siderea in the Atlantic. Moreover, the genotype of Sy. trenchii (a single strain defined by ten diallelic microsatellite loci) was genetically distinct from genotypes of Sy. ‘glynni,’ also in Clade D, found abundantly in colonies of Pocillopora throughout the region. Furthermore, the strain of Sy. trenchii grouped with genotypes from the Greater Caribbean, an inbred population that was recently introduced from the Indo-West Pacific. This secondary introduction suggests that strains of Caribbean Sy. trenchii are capable of dispersal into new reef coral communities where this symbiont does not presently exist.
Innervation Patterns of Fast and Slow Motor Neurones During Development of a Lobster Neuromuscular System

1. 1. Relationships between motor innervation and muscle fibre type were examined in the closer muscle of the claws of the lobster Homarus americanus . The dimorphic claws of the adult-the cutter and crusher-were compared with the claws of the juvenile (stages 4–6) when differentiation takes place. The muscle is known to receive a fast and a slow motor axon. Previous findings have shown that the crusher contains mostly slow fibres; the cutter and juvenile claws have both fast and slow fibres. 2. 2. In the adult, the majority of fibres in the crusher received fast and slow axons; in the cutter most fibres received the fast axon. Fast fibres in the cutter claw were innervated by the fast axon, alone or with the slow axon. Slow fibres in both claws could receive the slow axon only, or both axons. Some slow fibres in the crusher claw were innervated primarily or solely by the fast axon. 3. 3. In the juvenile, most fibres in each claw were innervated by both axons. The juvenile synapses were immature; postsynaptic potentials fluctuated greatly with frequent failures. The homologous fast axons in these claws formed fatigue-resistant synapses. 4. 4. In both adult and juvenile, regardless of fibre type, fast axon synapses had poor facilitation; slow axon synapses had moderate-to-high facilitation. Note:
Mississippi State University Cooling, Heating, and Power (Micro-CHP) and Bio-Fuel Center

Between 2008 and 2014, the U.S. Department of Energy funded the MSU Micro-CHP and Bio-Fuel Center located at Mississippi State University. The overall objective of this project was to enable micro-CHP (micro-combined heat and power) utilization, to facilitate and promote the use of CHP systems and to educate architects, engineers, and agricultural producers and scientists on the benefits of CHP systems. Therefore, the work of the Center focused on the three areas: CHP system modeling and optimization, outreach, and research. In general, the results obtained from this project demonstrated that CHP systems are attractive because they can provide energy, environmental, and economic benefits. Some of these benefits include the potential to reduce operational cost, carbon dioxide emissions, primary energy consumption, and power reliability during electric grid disruptions. The knowledge disseminated in numerous journal and conference papers from the outcomes of this project is beneficial to engineers, architects, agricultural producers, scientists and the public in general who are interested in CHP technology and applications. In addition, more than 48 graduate students and 23 undergraduate students, benefited from the training and research performed in the MSU Micro-CHP and Bio-Fuel Center.
Shame-based appeals in a tobacco control public health campaign: potential harms and benefits.

Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide, responsible for 1 in 10 deaths globally (>5 million a year). Tobacco use adversely impacts not just smokers, but also those around them through secondhand smoke exposure. Given the significant personal and societal costs of tobacco use, any strategy to reduce smoking should be considered. In this issue, Amonini et al 1 report on development and evaluation of a shame-based public health campaign in Perth, Australia. Public health media campaigns in Australia, in particular, have raised awareness and instigated behaviour change via approaches ranging from direct and forceful (eg, ‘Belt Up or Suffer the Pain’ seatbelt campaign2) to humorous and memorable (eg, ‘Slip! Slop! Slap!’ for skin cancer prevention3). In developing their tobacco control ad campaign, Amonini et al conducted focus groups with smokers and interviewed former smokers, identifying salient themes of social isolation (eg, “you feel like a ‘leper’”). Next, they created and piloted an ad prototype in an experimental setting, which demonstrated believability/relevance and perceived efficacy in stopping smokers from smoking. Finally, they created the shame-based ad, evaluating it in a publicly launched campaign where a majority of respondents self-reported in the first several weeks that they reduced cigarette consumption (36%), attempted cessation (16%) or quit (2%). While suggestive as a promising public health approach, …
The inflammatory bowel disease live interinstitutional and interdisciplinary videoconference education (IBD LIVE) series.

Background Managing patients with inflammatory bowel disease requires multidisciplinary coordination. Technological advances have enhanced access to care for patients and improved physician interactions. The primary aim of our project was to convene diverse institutions and specialties through a multisite virtual conferencing platform to discuss complex patient management. Methods The case conference is designed to include multiple institutions to exchange ideas, review evidence-based data, and provide input on the management of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Technology is supplied and coordinated by an information technology specialist and Chorus Call, Inc., an international teleconferencing service provider. The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Live Interinstitutional Interdisciplinary Videoconference Education (IBD LIVE) initiative is accredited by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Center for Continuing Education in the Health Sciences for 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit per weekly session. Results IBD LIVE began in 2009 comprising only adult gastroenterology and pediatric gastroenterology from UPMC Presbyterian and Children's Hospitals. Participation steadily increased from 5 sites in 2010 to 11 sites in 2014. Maximum attendance for a single conference was 73 participants with a median of 48. The Continuing Medical Education scores (1 = worst to 5 = best) have a high median overall score (4.6, range 3.2-5.0) with positive responses with regard to the degree to which the conference changed practice. Conclusions IBD LIVE has been successful and continues to grow. Implementation of the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America Virtual Preceptor Program using the IBD LIVE platform will provide expanded national physician access to this professional education activity.
2013 Winning Essay: The Accountable Care Paradigm Shift: New Ethical Considerations.

Physician partners in a clinical practice should consider the ethical implications of joining a hospital system-based ACO, including whether there will be pressure to consider the hospital system’s bottom line.
Canopy skin temperature variations in relation to climate, soil temperature, and carbon flux at a ponderosa pine forest in central Oregon

Abstract Thermal infrared (TIR) techniques to collect thermal imagery have been useful for recording quasi-continuous plant surface temperatures. In this study, we applied a thermal camera to measure canopy skin temperatures in a mature ponderosa pine forest in central Oregon over one growing season from May to September 2014. This study had the following objectives: (1) to examine spatial and temporal variations of canopy temperature; (2) to explore the effects of climate and soil conditions on canopy temperature; and (3) to quantify the relationships of canopy temperatures to forest-atmosphere heat and carbon fluxes. The temporal variation of 30-min mean canopy temperature was large, and leaf temperatures ranged from −2.1 to 33.6 °C during the study period. The temperature difference was small between the whole canopy and leaf regions, while tree stems had warmer temperatures than leaves, especially during the afternoon (12:00–19:59 h). The canopy thermal regime was largely controlled by climatic conditions and related to the soil thermal states. Air temperature, relative humidity, longwave radiation, and soil temperature at 2-cm depth were tightly correlated with 30-min and daily/sub-daily mean canopy leaf temperatures (r ≥ 0.6 or ≤ − 0.6, p
Alterations in sugar residues in squamous metaplasia in hamster tracheal explants induced by benzo(a)pyrene and its reversal by retinoic acid

We have demonstrated that squamous metaplasia induced by benzo(a)pyrene (BP) in the hamster tracheal explants accompany distinct alterations in carbohydrate moieties in the epithelial mucosa. Most prominent alterations were the preferential binding of peanut agglutinin (PNA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) in the basal cell layer in metaplastic lesions. In this study we examined if reversal of BP-induced lesions by all-trans retinoic acid (RA) results in the acquisition of normal carbohydrate composition by the tissue. Four lectins, PNA, WGA, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, and Concanavalin A, in their horseradish peroxidase conjugates were used. In control explants the intercellular plasma membrane of basal and mucous cells exhibited no significant reaction with any of the lectins tested. In the metaplastic lesions induced by BP, PNA and WGA intensely stained the plasma membrane and intercellular spaces of basal and intermediate cell layers; the granular layer cells did not bind PNA whereas they were stained moderately with WGA. RA, which reversed the metaplasia, also conferred the tissue with lectin binding patterns similar to that of control explants. These results thus show that the reversal of metaplasia is accompanied by acquisition of the tissue’s original carbohydrate composition.
Magnetic Cell Sorting

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the magnetic cell sorting technique. The separation of one subpopulation of cells from a suspension of mixed cell types necessarily involves both a physical mechanism for exerting useful forces and a means for making the forces selective for cells of one type. The chapter presents a study in which the cells to be separated were intrinsically capable of being magnetized and in which they were specifically labeled to make them magnetizable just for the purpose of the separation. At any instant, a cell in a magnetic field will experience a force which is proportional to both the magnetic moment of the cell and the inhomogeneity, or more correctly the spatial gradient, of the applied field at the position of the cell. The system known as high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) provides numerous regions of very rapidly changing fields that can compensate for paramagnetic cells having relatively small magnetic moments. At one end of the spectrum of techniques, the well-developed and convenient rosette formation and immunoferritin techniques have been used to attach paramagnetic labels to specific cells. An advantage of the HGMS system, which may make it the method of choice in some systems, is that it is ideally suited for handling relatively large samples.
The Perturbation Equations in Meteorology

Before entering into a discussion of the systems of hydrodynamic equations suitable for the investigation of atmospheric dynamics, it is appropriate to make some general remarks on the typical difficulties of investigations in theoretical meteorology and on the general principles on which the formulation of the perturbation equations is based. Such a discussion naturally includes an enumeration of the types of problems where the application of perturbation methods is particularly suitable.
Proleptic Death in Dickens’s A Christmas Carol and Little Dorrit

As Gerard Genette defined it, prolepsis typically refers to an evocation in advance of an event that will take place later (40); it links two points within the narrative that are out of turn. I am ...
Polymer matrix nanocomposites for automotive structural components

Over the past several decades, the automotive industry has expended significant effort to develop lightweight parts from new easy-to-process polymeric nanocomposites. These materials have been particularly attractive because they can increase fuel efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, attempts to reinforce soft matrices by nanoscale reinforcing agents at commercially deployable scales have been only sporadically successful to date. This situation is due primarily to the lack of fundamental understanding of how multiscale interfacial interactions and the resultant structures affect the properties of polymer nanocomposites. In this Perspective, we critically evaluate the state of the art in the field and propose a possible path that may help to overcome these barriers. Only once we achieve a deeper understanding of the structure-properties relationship of polymer matrix nanocomposites will we be able to develop novel structural nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical properties for automotive applications.
Was there ever a “Female Gothic”?

This article examines the reception history of women-authored Gothic texts from the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, arguing that the generic descriptor “Female Gothic” more accurately reflects the ideological goals of second-wave feminist literary criticism than the narratives of early women Gothic writers. While several critics have attempted to destabilize the term Female Gothic, its usage persists as a short-hand form to describe narratives in which distressed female heroines are imprisoned in the domestic sphere and threatened with extortion, rape and forced marriage. This essay asks why criticism clings to an understanding of this genre as one depicting female victimization despite overwhelming textual evidence that represents a much more complicated picture of women’s use and engagement with the Gothic mode. It is argued that the answer to this question rests in looking at how Gothic women’s writing was received in the early nineteenth century and how that reception history shaped the discursive strategies of second-wave feminist literary critics.
The role of religious fundamentalism in college students’ perceived drinking norms, alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related problems

ABSTRACTPeer influence has been shown to be an important factor in college student alcohol use. One facet of peer influence, perceived descriptive norms, constitutes a strong and consistent predictor of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. Previous research has also found that various aspects of individuals’ religious beliefs are negatively associated with alcohol use. Religious fundamentalism, a construct that has not previously been examined in relation to alcohol use, may be especially pertinent and may protect against the impact of peer influences such as descriptive drinking norms. The present study examined whether the impact of descriptive norms on alcohol consumption and problems is moderated by religious fundamentalism. Participants were undergraduate college students (N = 449). Findings suggest that the influence of descriptive norms on alcohol consumption was decreased as a function of religious fundamentalism, but that religious fundamentalism did not influence the impact of descr...
Risky sex: testing moderated mediation among college students

Purpose Risky sexual behavior (RSB) on college campuses contributes to elevated rates of sexually transmitted infections and sexual assault. Research indicates a positive association between sexual victimization history (SVH) and RSB with alcohol use and sexual sensation seeking as mediators to this association. Hypermasculinity has also been shown to play a moderating role amongst these associations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to test the associations between RSB, SVH, alcohol use, sexual sensation seeking, and hypermasculinity. Design/methodology/approach Participants were 493 undergraduates who completed measures of RSB, SVH, alcohol use, sexual sensation seeking, and hypermasculinity. A moderated mediation model was run examining the association between SVH and RSB, with alcohol use and sexual sensation seeking tested as mediators of the relationship between SVH and RSB. In addition, hypermasculinity was tested as a moderator of the mediated relationship between SVH and the aforementioned mediator variables. Findings Alcohol use and sexual sensation seeking partially mediated the association between SVH and RSB. Masculinity moderated the association between SVH and RSB via sexual sensation seeking and between SVH and RSB via alcohol use. Research limitations/implications Individuals with SVH might be at a higher risk for alcohol use and sexual sensation seeking, ultimately increasing their risk for RSB. University policy implications include implementing alcohol use and awareness interventions, strengthening sexual victimization policies, and including screenings for SVH at counseling and medical centers. Originality/value Previous findings were extended by showing how SVH leads to RSB.
Trait emotional intelligence, trauma and personality organization: Analysis of urban clinical patients

Abstract Objective Trait emotional intelligence (TEI) has recently emerged in research related to personality psychopathology. Yet, no research to date has considered the role of trauma in the TEI and personality organization relation. This article explored the three-way interaction between childhood and adult trauma, and TEI in predicting personality organization scores in a clinical sample. Method This study used self-report data from 160 adult patients of a mental health clinic in an urban, low-income setting. Results TEI was negatively related to the three dimensions of personality organization. For two of the three dimensions, the negative relations were stronger in magnitude among patients with high childhood and adult trauma experiences in comparison to low trauma patients. Conclusions This study yields compelling findings highlighting the potential role of TEI in the prevention and treatment of symptoms of personality disorders, specifically borderline personality disorder, among patients with high incidences of lifetime trauma. We discuss the implications of these findings for personality psychology, especially, the utility of integrating TEI interventions into psychological treatments.
Detection Theory for Union of Subspaces

The focus of this paper is on detection theory for union of subspaces (UoS). To this end, generalized likelihood ratio tests (GLRTs) are presented for detection of signals conforming to the UoS model and detection of the corresponding “active” subspace. One of the main contributions of this paper is bounds on the performances of these GLRTs in terms of geometry of subspaces under various assumptions on the observation noise. The insights obtained through geometrical interpretation of the GLRTs are also validated through extensive numerical experiments on both synthetic and real-world data.
The Medial Forebrain Bundle and Related Hypothalamic Connections

The medial forebrain bundle is a long, loosely textured fiber system which interconnects a variety of structures of the limbic and olfactory forebrain with the hypothalamus and the midbrain tegmentum. The parasagittal section reproduced in Figure 8-1 shows the major body of this rather massive fiber system as it passes caudally from the level of the anterior commissure to the posterior borders of the mammillary complex. As will be seen later, the more anterior and posterior projections of this system are somewhat more diffuse, and the various components of this system must be considered separately. Figure 8-2 shows this bundle of fibers in cross section at the level of the optic chiasm. At this level, and in fact throughout the system, the fibers are not seen as a compact bundle but rather are interspersed among cell bodies; in this particular instance, the cell bodies are those of the lateral hypothalamic nucleus.
Conservative treatment of tinnitus in Menière's disease.

Meniere's disease is a three-symptom malady. Vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus, in order of their importance, are the three symptoms. Tinnitus in active Meniere's disease is not of major importance to the patient. Tinnitus in "burnt-out" Meniere's disease often becomes the primary complaint. In most cases, the tinnitus of burnt-out Meniere's disease can be relieved easily by the masking afforded through the use of hearing aids.
Editorial Commentary: Anchors Away! Reflections on Anchor Placement and Number in Rotator Cuff Repair.

Abstract The ideal construct for a rotator cuff repair continues to be a hot topic for debate and biomechanical investigation. A recent study shows that anchors could be placed as close as 1 mm apart without impact on pullout strength. However, further overlap (the buddy anchor construct) led to earlier failure. This conclusion differs from other studies that have recommended the "buddy anchor" construct as a bail-out option in osteoporotic bone. Biomechanical studies are an important source of information for surgical decision making, but often do not directly predict the in vivo environment. The final determination of anchor number and placement in a rotator cuff repair should be based on 4 factors: minimizing cost, avoiding complications, using appropriate technique, and proper restoration of anatomy.
Mapping to MeSH: The Art of Trapping MeSH Equivalence from within Narrative Text

Abstract A tool for identifying Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Terms found in narrative text is evaluated and discussed. The system's task is to discern unique matches from within MeSH for noun phrases in narrative text. The program consists of a medical morphological reduction routine, coupled with data structures created for the MeSH vocabulary searcher, MicroMeSH. To evaluate this tool, a study was undertaken within which three physicians were asked to review 23 citations from the Annals of Internal Medicine and three paragraphs from a Textbook of Cardiology. They were asked to identify all of the important medical concepts within both the citations and text. Then these same physicians used MicroMeSH, to see which of these medical concepts could be mapped to MeSH. These results were compared to the output of our automated system. Of the concepts which were found to be medical concepts by our panel of experts 89% were identified using MicroMeSH as being represented in MeSH. The automated system was able to translate 90% of those medical concepts to the same MeSH term as identified by MicroMeSH. The remaining 10% of the concepts, which were recognized by the experts and not by the system, were terms where the medical knowledge of the experts allowed them to find matches which had no representation, morphologically or through an Entry Term, in the MeSH vocabulary. The specific algorithms, details of evaluation and potential usefulness of the system are discussed.
ONCOGENES AND PROTO-ONCOGENES | MYC

The MYC genes are a family of oncogenes and proto-oncogenes which play a role in the development of human tumors. Members of this family include the c-MYC, N-MYC, and the L-MYC genes. The importance of the MYC gene in lung cancer has been observed through recent studies demonstrating their role in tumorigenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, and drug resistance. Overexpression and amplification of MYC has been clearly identified in lung cancer. The MYC oncogene is believed to encode DNA through the formation of a complex called MYC-Max. This complex is thought to lead to alterations in gene expression and consequently cell proliferation and differentiation. The amplification/overexpression of this oncogene, specifically the c-MYC oncogene, has also been observed to correlate with patient prognosis, particularly in small cell lung cancer. The c-MYC oncogene may have activity through two pathways that control progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Overexpression of MYC induces the activity of certain transcription factors as well as the activation of cyclin kinases, leading to the suppression of growth inhibition factors. Lung cancer as a disease is characterized by early metastasis, a rapid tumor cell proliferation, with initial response to therapy followed by a rapid decline in sensitivity, leading to a more aggressive course of disease than its counterparts. The discovery of the MYC genes has led to new developments in novel targeted therapy in lung cancer.
Factors Promoting Renewable Energy Applications

Recently, global warming, pollution, and high oil prices have forced politicians, utility companies and the general public to pay more attention to renewable energy sources (RES) such as wind, photovoltaics, and biofuels. In today’s world, there are many reasons to support an enormous interest in renewable energy and to move away from conventional energy sources. The main reasons are: • High oil prices; oil prices are rising higher and higher because demand exceeds the supply
Consumer Responses to the Timing of Product Breakdowns in the Presence of Manufacturers' Warranties

Two experiments explored how timing of product failure in relation to warranty coverage influences consumers' affective reactions to product breakdowns. Subjects read scenarios describing a product needing repairs and the warranty coverage on the product. The timing of product failure and the presence and/or absence of warranty coverage influenced consumers' affective reactions to product breakdown. Affective reactions were much more negative when the consumer just missed the warranty as compared to conditions where the product breakdown was within warranty coverage or some time after warranty expiration. Timing also influenced expectancies, such that just missing warranty coverage led to more pessimistic predictions for future product performance. Purchase intentions are also reduced by just missing the warranty. The results also support our hypothesis that consumers' affective reactions mediate the effect of product failure timing on their repeat purchase intentions.
TLRs as bacterial sensors

Metchnikoff was aware that the innate immune system evolved to efficiently detect essentially all pathogens. Later it became apparent that it does so with a remarkable economy of genes. The TLRs do so by detecting conserved pathogen-derived molecules, triggering both an innate and an adaptive immune response. The relatively loose specificity of the receptors is at least partly explained by cooperation between TLRs and scavenger receptor molecules such as CD14 and CD36, which also enhance the sensitivity of detection. In addition, these co-receptors may help to enforce the cell specificity of the innate response. Moreover, it must not be forgotten that the host has evolved numerous TLR-independent pathways that contribute to the eradication of pathogens, usually acting in concert with the TLR system. Together these pathways perform the almost impossible task of resisting infection by a nearly limitless variety of pathogens.
Abstract 210: Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce Neutrophil Mediated Inflammation Following Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Neutrophils (PMNs) are a central mediator of oxidative stress and tissue necrosis following acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion (MI/R). Currently no effective treatment directed towards PMN...
Piezoresistive Graphene SAW Transducer

Mechanical motion provided by Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) devices is a popular means for high-sensitivity sensing and detection of any perturbation in the path of the SAW. The unique energy confinement to the surface, ease of fabrication, and packaging makes SAW devices easy to implement. One of the key challenges which limits the sensitivity of SAW devices is the IDT capacitance at high frequency, which requires impedance matching, and capturing the signal at the RF frequency. In this paper we investigate a graphene piezoresistive pickup for sensitive SAW amplitude measurement instead of using traditional IDTs, which generates a DC current signal corresponding to the RF power in the SAW wave. We demonstrate enhanced gauge factor (GF) of graphene piezoresistive transducer in a SAW resonator operating at 200MHz, with a $\mathbf{Q}\sim 6000$ . RF signal (3 V) applied to the input IDT results in 954 pm surface displacement at the antinodes of the SAW. By tuning the applied external voltage, we demonstrated effective gauge factor (EGF) of the graphene piezoresistor $\sim 1\ \mathbf{x}\ 10^{8}$ , a result of a digital measurement approach to change in resistance around the DC operating point of the graphene transducer.
Effect of cross-sex hormones on the quality of life, depression and anxiety of transgender individuals: a quantitative systematic review.

ABSTRACTObjective:The objective of the review was to evaluate the effectiveness of cross-sex hormone use in improving quality of life and the related measures of depression and anxiety in transgender individuals.Introduction:Transgender medicine as a specialty is still in its infancy and is beginnin
Selective N Functionalization of Methane and Ethane to Aminated Derivatives by Main-Group-Directed C–H Activation

To our knowledge, there is no precedent for the direct conversion of light alkanes to aminated products by CH activation. Previous molecular systems reported for alkane amination operate by radical...
P64 Factors That Contribute to Effective Online Nutrition Education Interventions: A Systematic Review

Background The use of Internet and technology as a medium of delivering online nutrition education (ONE) has increased; however, evidence-based studies exploring factors that contribute to best practices in online interventions have not been standardized. Objective To identify factors that contributed to successful ONE interventions for research studies published between 2009 and 2018. Study Design, Settings, Participants Following the PRISMA guidelines, studies on nutrition education interventions delivered via Internet, computer, or text messages were identified through PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) database. Twenty seven studies that met inclusion criteria were screened. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to determine the quality of each study included. Measurable Outcome/Analysis The primary analytic goal was to determine the overall effectiveness of ONE interventions according to their stated objective. Factors that were analyzed included: use of theory, recruitment and implementation methods, intervention duration, participant engagement, and study fidelity. Results Of the 27 studies, 21 studies delivered their interventions via websites, three through smartphone application, one via text messages, and one as an online course. Six factors associated with successful ONE interventions were identified: use of tailored messages/individualized feedback; participants engagement as measured by the level of interaction between investigators and participants; intervention duration ≥ three months; identification of specific targeted behaviors vs. general health; alignment of intervention activities with stated objectives; and use of theory-based interventions. The review identified several factors considered as poor design of ONE interventions, including comparison bias, lack of specific details on duration/dosage, lack of objective measurement, and lack of tracking system. Conclusion This review found that ONE interventions are more likely to be effective when they include tailored messages and/or individualized feedback, offer regular interaction between participants and investigators, and commit adequate duration for the intervention. Funding None.
Performance Analysis of Random Sequence Encoded RadarCom Signals

In this work we investigate approaches to analyzing and optimizing performance of the joint radar-communication waveform design with low probability of intercept characteristics. The data are encoded onto the scale parameter of Weibull distribution, while the shape parameter is known to the authorized receivers; using this distribution, random sequences are generated, which become amplitude weights for the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) sub-carriers. We consider a scenario in which an unauthorized interceptor attempts to reconstruct the data by performing maximum likelihood estimation of both distribution parameters and demonstrate the lack of efficiency of this operation in presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). We also analyse a Monte Carlo-based method of improving two radar characteristics of thus generated radarcom signals. Finally, we develop and analyse the method of interceptor penalization based on time-varying of the Weibull distribution's shape parameter.
Range of Normal Serum Aminotransferase Levels in Liver Transplant Recipients.

Abstract Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are used to monitor liver transplant recipients (LTR) but the reference range and context of its use is not well defined. We aimed to determine the healthy ranges in LTR without chronic liver disease. Methods One hundred and three LTR without chronic liver disease based on serology, transient elastography with controlled attenuated parameter, and ultrasound were included. A healthy range of aminotransferases was set to 95th percentile. An updated normal aminotransferase range was used to detect recurrence in post-liver transplantation (LT) with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Results The normal ALT and AST range was 0 to 57 and 0 to 54 IU/L, respectively, in LTR and was not affected by age, sex, obesity, or choice of immunosuppressant. The diagnostic performance of serum ALT and AST to detect recurrence of NAFLD by a controlled attenuated parameter was poor with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.573 (95% confidence interval 0.493, 0.655; P = .08) and 0.537 (0.456, 0.618; P = .4), respectively. In contrast, the diagnostic performance of ALT and AST to detect recurrence of HCV after LT was 0.906 (0.868, 0.944; P Conclusion The updated aminotransferase range in LTR is higher than the general population and accurate for detecting recurrent HCV, but not NAFLD.