cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unique Roles of Infiltrating Myeloid Cells in the Murine Uterus during Early to Midpregnancy

Leukocyte infiltration into the uterus is a characteristic feature in early to midpregnancy, but the composition and function of these leukocytes are not well understood. Using a pregnant murine model, we showed that myeloid cells and uterine NK (uNK) cells were the predominant populations in uteri during early to midgestation, whereas T and B cells were constrained. Uterine myeloid populations included cells that infiltrated from the circulation (myeloid-derived suppressor cells [MDSCs], monocyte-derived macrophages [Mφs], and dendritic cells [DCs]) or proliferated from resident precursors (resident Mφs [Re-Mφs] and DCs). CD11b(hi)Ly6-G(hi) cells, representing neutrophils in both blood and uterine MDSCs, significantly increased from embryonic days 8.5 to 9.5. To understand their putative functions, we used anti-Gr-1 Ab to deplete circulating neutrophils and uterine MDSCs. In the absence of MDSC suppression, uterine DCs, T cells, and regulatory T cells expanded. Conversely, uterine MDSCs responded to LPS-induced inflammation and transformed into CD14(+)-activated neutrophils, resulting in an upregulation of tolerogenic DCs. A high dose of LPS (2.5 μg/mouse) significantly increased the influx of neutrophils and production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α, resulting in the reduction of Re-Mφs and uNK cells, and led to placental hemorrhages and fetal deaths. In summary, uterine MDSCs are important in early to midpregnancy by responding to the maternal immunologic milieu and protecting uNK cells and Re-Mφs via MDSC's suppressive and anti-inflammatory functions. Upsetting this delicate immune balance by factors leading to either insufficient MDSCs or excessive neutrophil infiltration in the fetomaternal interface may contribute to pregnancy failure.
The Effects of Information Disaggregation and Financial Statement Interactivity on Judgments and Decisions of Nonprofessional Investors

ABSTRACT: Despite recent advances in Internet reporting technologies and calls for the increased reporting of disaggregated financial information, extant accounting research has not examined the potential positive and negative effects of providing disaggregated information using interactive web-based financial statements. In an experiment with nonprofessional investors, we investigate whether an Internet technology that provides investors control over the viewing of disaggregated financial information improves investment-related judgments and decisions and whether such effects depend on the utility of the disaggregation. In support of the notion that interactivity mitigates information overload, we find some evidence that the use of the drilldown capability is associated with a decrease in investors' perceived cognitive load. Results also show that investors using a drilldown capability are less susceptible to earnings fixation compared to investors viewing the disaggregation without the drilldown feature...
ELECTROCHEMICAL LUMINESCENCE WITH N(5)‐ETHYL‐4a‐HYDROXY‐3‐METHYL‐4a, 5‐DIHYDROLUMIFLAVIN. THE MECHANISM OF BACTERIAL LUCIFERASE

It has been proposed in the literature that the chemiluminescence of the flavoenzyme of bacterial luciferase is caused by a chemically initiated electron-exchange luminescence mechanism which provides an excited 4a-hydroxy-4a,5-dihydroflavin ([4a-FlHOH]*) as product of 1e- reduction of the radical 4a-FlHOH+.. Electrochemical/photon counting experiments were performed to assess the feasibility of this proposal. Potentials for step-wise oxidation of N(5)-ethyl-4a-hydroxy-4a,5-dihydroluminflavin (4a-FlEtOH) have been determined in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Photon counting was carried out during the 1e- reduction of 4a-FlEtOH+.in both DMF and acetonitrile by use of an apparatus consisting of a photocell mounted below a Pt ring-disk electrode. By use of the ring-disk electrode a steady state concentration of [4a-FlEtOH]* could be maintained by continuous 1e- oxidation of 4a-FlEtOH----4a-FlEtOH+.and 1e- reduction of 4a-FlEtOH+.----4a-FlEtOH. A maximum of 14% collection (theoretical maximum is 18%) of FlEtOH.+ at the ring electrode was obtained below 5000 rotations per minute. Calibration of the apparatus using 9,10-diphenylanthracene allowed approximation of the quantum yield for 1e- reductive capture of 4a-FlEtOH+.as 10(-6) to 10(-4) in DMF and 10(-7) to 10(-5) in acetonitrile. No fluorescence for 4a-FlEtOH in DMF could be observed; if fluorescent, the efficiency of 4a-FlEtOH can be no greater than approximately 3 x 10(-5). No electrogenerated chemiluminescence is observed on the electrochemical recycling of FlEt+----FlEt2+ and FlEt2+----FlEt+.
HMF: simple type inference for first-class polymorphism

HMF is a conservative extension of Hindley-Milner type inference with first-class polymorphism. In contrast to other proposals, HML uses regular System F types and has a simple type inference algorithm that is just a small extension of the usual Damas-Milner algorithm W. Given the relative simplicity and expressive power, we feel that HMF can be an attractive type system in practice. There is a reference implementation of the type system available online together with a technical report containing proofs (Leijen 2007a,b).
Event rate for extreme mass ratio burst signals in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna band

Stellar mass compact objects in short-period (P 103 s) orbits about a 104.5-107.5 M☉ massive black hole (MBH) are thought to be a significant continuous-wave source of gravitational radiation for the ESA/NASA Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) gravitational wave detector. These extreme mass ratio inspiral sources began in long-period, nearly parabolic orbits that have multiple close encounters with the MBH. The gravitational radiation emitted during the close encounters may be detectable by LISA as a gravitational wave burst if the characteristic passage timescale is less than 105 s. Scaling a static, spherical model to the size and mass of the Milky Way bulge, we estimate an event rate of ~15 yr-1 for such burst signals, detectable by LISA with signal-to-noise ratio greater than 5, originating in our Galaxy. When extended to include Virgo Cluster galaxies, our estimate increases to a gravitational wave burst rate of ~18 yr-1. We conclude that these extreme mass ratio burst sources may be a steady and significant source of gravitational radiation in the LISA data streams.
Detection and location of single-base mutations in large DNA fragments by immunomicroscopy

A technique whereby single-base mutations can be detected by immunomicroscopy of DNA heteroduplexes is described. Four constructs of the filamentous phage M13 were prepared so as to differ by a single base at the same site. Heteroduplexes were prepared and reacted with a water-soluble carbodiimide, with polyclonal antibodies specific for the carbodiimide, and then with a second antibody linked to an electrondense marker. Electron microscopy of the heteroduplexes indicated that the label was located at 4.9 to 5.1 kb in the 7.2-kb phage. The known site of the mismatch was 4.96 kb. Also, plasmids containing inserts of a fragment from the 5' end of hemoglobin A or hemoglobin S were prepared. The median location of the label in heteroduplex molecules was 2.9 kb. The known site of the mismatch was 2.65 kb in the 4.9-kb plasmid. The procedure requires about 10 days to analyze two samples of plasmid or phage DNA.
Data Quality Control For Lake Temperature by Neural Network

ABSTRACT Lake Okeechobee data are routinely collected by sensors and transcribed from field forms to an electronic format. Occasionally, the effects of extraneous objects, device failure, and human errors may distort these field data. At present, the data are inspected manually by qualified engineers/scientists/technicians to identify abnormalities. This manual process is slow, costly, and sometimes inconsistent among inspectors. This paper presents a neural network approach that can efficiently, effectively, and consistently mimic human expertise in identification of days that contain abnormal water temperature. The approach begins with training 12 backpropagation neural networks (one per month) using the normal and abnormal daily patterns selected by the domain expert. The trained networks can then be used for identification in lieu of human experts. A total of 623 days of data from Lake Okeechobee were used: 241 days for training and 382 days for testing the networks. The results for the test data indi...
Sensory Response of the Compound Eye of Adult Heliothis zea and H. virescens to Ultraviolet Stimuli

Electrophysiological techniques and neutral density filters were used to determine the minimum levels of radiation from a 15-watt ultraviolet lamp that could be detected by dark-adapted eyes of moths of laboratoryreared Heliothis zea (Boddie) and H. virescens (F.), and of field-collected H. zea . When the inverse square law was then used to calculate the maximum distances at which the least sensitive and most sensitive moths could detect the radiation from the lamp, it was found to be 31 to 250 m, respectively.
Association of polychlorinated biphenyls with hypertension in the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Abstract The association of 11 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with hypertension was investigated using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999–2002. The unweighted number of participants assessed for hypertension ranged from 2074 to 2556 depending on the chemical(s) being analyzed. In unadjusted logistic regressions all 11 PCBs were associated with hypertension. After adjustment for age, gender, race, smoking status, body mass index, exercise, total cholesterol, and family history of coronary heart disease, seven of the 11 PCBs (PCBs 126, 74, 118, 99, 138/158, 170, and 187) were significantly associated with hypertension. The strongest adjusted associations with hypertension were found for dioxin-like PCBs 126 and 118. PCB 126>59.1 pg/g lipid adjusted had an odds ratio of 2.45 (95% CI 1.48–4.04) compared to PCB 126⩽26.1 pg/g lipid adjusted. PCB 118>27.5 ng/g lipid adjusted had an odds ratio of 2.30 (95% CI 1.29–4.08) compared to PCB 118⩽12.5 ng/g lipid adjusted. Moreover, participants with one or more elevated PCBs had an odds ratio of 1.84 (95% CI 1.25–2.70) compared to no PCBs elevated in an adjusted logistic regression. The prevalence of one or more elevated PCBs was 22.76% or 32 million of 142 million persons ⩾20 years old in the non-institutionalized US population. We hypothesize that association of seven PCBs with hypertension indicates elevated PCBs are a risk factor for hypertension. What clinicians can do, given the results of this study, is limited unless the appropriate laboratory methods can be made more widely available for testing patients.
Social organization and mating system of the plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus)1

Plains viscachas live in communal burrow systems in groups containing one or more males, several females and immatures. Viscachas forage in groups at night and aggregate underground during the day. All members of a group use burrows throughout the communual burrow system and participate in digging at the burrows. Alarm calls are given primarily by adult males. Allogrooming occurs among all sex-age classes within a social group but not between members of different social groups. Agonistic interactions occur more often between members of different social groups than within a group. The long-term social unit of the plains viscacha is the female group. Resident males disappear each year and new males join groups of females. Dominance is absent among females. Agonistic interactions are rare among adult males within a social group and dominance is not clearly evident.
Intracellular expression patterns of the human papillomavirus type 59 E1^E4 protein in COS cells, keratinocytes, and genital epithelium

Objective: To compare and contrast the intracellular distribution pattern of the human papillomavirus type 59 (HPV 59) E1^E4 protein in COS cells, human keratinocytes, and naturally
A slow-tight binding inhibitor of dopamine β-monooxygenase: A transition state analogue for the product release step

The steady-state kinetic data show that 3-hydroxy-4-phenylthiazole-2(3H)-thione (3H4PTT) is a potent tight-binding inhibitor for dopamine β-monooxygenase (DβM) with a dissociation constant of 0.9 n...
The Third Spectrum of Copper (CuIII)

An analysis of the second spark spectrum of copper is given. The identified levels include all those due to $3{d}^{9}$, $3{d}^{8}4s$, $3{d}^{8}4p$ except the $^{2}S$ and $^{2}P$ based on $3{d}^{8}^{1}S$. The six levels $3{d}^{8}(^{3}F)5s^{4}F$, $^{2}F$ have been found and allow the calculation of an I. P. of 37.08 volts. A number of levels of $3{d}^{8}4d$ are present also, but $3{d}^{7}4{s}^{2}$, which should be lower, has not been found.
Preaching to the choir? [Physics education]

This paper expresses the concern of Feynman and Wieman over the ineffectivity of current approaches to physics education and the need for a transformation of the entire educational process.
Nuclease digestion of chromatin from the eukaryotic algae Olisthodiscus luteus, Peridinium balticum and Crypthecodinium cohnii

Chromatin from a uninucleate dinoflagellate, Crypthecodinium cohnii, a binucleate dinoflagellate, Peridinium balticum, and a chromophyte, Olisthodiscus luteus, was examined by nuclease digestion and the results were compared to those from vertebrates. Gel analysis of the products of staphylococcal (micrococcal) nuclease digestion revealed a DNA repeat unit of 220(±5) base pairs for O. luteus and 215(±5) for P. balticum. Limit digestion gave a core particle of 140 base pairs, revealing that these longer repeat sizes are due to longer linker regions. No repeating subunit structure was found upon electrophoresis of digests of C. cohnii nuclei. Examination of the DNA fragments produced by DNAse I digestion of nuclei isolated from P. balticum and O. luteus showed the same ladder of ten base multiples as seen in chromatin from other eukaryotes. Examination of the kinetics of digestion by DNAse II of Peridinium chromatin revealed less susceptibility when compared to DNAse I digestions while 70% of Olisthodiscus chromatin and 35% of C. cohnii chromatin was sensitive to DNAse II. These data, taken together with previous results from Euglena, indicate that while algal chromatin is similar to that of higher eukaryotes in regard to DNAse I and II action, it differs in that the linker DNA is longer. In addition, the Hl-like histone from O. luteus and P. balticum is located in the linker DNA as in higher eukaryotes.
A comparison of chemical mechanisms used in atmospheric models

Abstract Four chemical mechanisms used in current photochemical models are compared in detail. Isopleths of the maximum hourly average concentrations of O3, NO2 and PAN were constructed for the EPA, FSM, CBII and ELSTAR mechanisms in atmospheric simulations employing the same meteorological conditions and representation of the pollutant mix for all mechanisms. The four mechanisms differ substantially in their predictions of maximum hourly average O3 and PAN concentrations. However, the mechanisms agree well in their NO2, predictions, and all show NOx inhibition of O3 formation. Using the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach, the NMOC (nonmethane organic compounds) reductions necessary to meet the O3 standard were determined for various O3, design values and NMOC/NOx ratios. These calculated NMOC reductions are very sensitive to the chemical mechanism employed, the ELSTAR mechanism requiring the largest NMOC reductions and the EPA and FSM mechanisms the smallest. Simulations of two smog chamber experiments used in developing the mechanisms show that some of the differences between the predictions of the mechanisms are due to different assumptions on aldehyde photolysis rates and radical sources in the chambers.
From Rubble to Respect at the “Ground Zero Mosque”

“No fucking way!” As my father's profane words rang through our house, my adolescent mind reeled over what could cause such an outburst. Curiosity roused me from bed and, despite the early hour, I ...
QCD corrections to jet correlations in weak boson fusion

Abstract Higgs boson production via weak boson fusion is sensitive to the tensor structure of the HVV ( V = W , Z ) couplings, which distinguishes loop induced vertices from SM expectations. At the CERN large hadron collider this information shows up most clearly in the azimuthal angle correlations of the two forward and backward quark jets which are typical for weak boson fusion. We calculate the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to this process, in the presence of anomalous HVV couplings. Gluon emission does not significantly change the azimuthal jet correlations.
Why Do Some People Go Blind from Glaucoma

Retrospective analysis of patients blinded by glaucoma has revealed a need to educate patients to the significance of premonitory symptoms, to investigate a higher incidence of blindness from open-angle glaucoma among blacks than whites, and to define the goals of therapy in relation to presenting pathology. Responding to this third need, circumstances of patients followed for 20 to 40 years with extensive documentation relating to open-angle glaucoma were analyzed. Some eyes with normal discs and fields were found to tolerate a tension of 30 mm Hg for many years without need of treatment. But, when abnormalities ranging from early glaucomatous cupping to advanced visual field defects were present on initial evaluation, progressive loss of field tended to occur at lower tensions. It appears that the worse the initial condition of the eye, the lower the tension needs to be to prevent further loss or blindness.
Galactic chemical evolution and nucleocosmochronology - Analytic quadratic models

Quadratic models of the chemical evolution of the Galaxy for a star formation rate proportional to the square of the gas mass are studied. The search for analytic solutions to the gas mass and star mass for time-dependent rates of gaseous infall onto the disk is examined. The quadratic models are compared to models having linear star formation rates. The mass, metallicity, number of stars, and U-235/U-238 isotopic ratio for the models which are subjected to the same infall rate, the same initial disk mass, and the same final gas fraction are compared. The results of the comparison indicate that: (1) the average dwarf age is greater in the quadratic model, (2) the metallicity grows initially faster in the quadratic model, (3) the quadratic model has a smaller percentage of low-Z dwarfs, and (4) the U-235/U-238 isotopic ratio indicates a younger quadratic model.
Late Quaternary sedimentation in the western north Atlantic: stratigraphy and paleoceanography

Abstract A detailed analysis of stratigraphic indices was undertaken to study paleoclimatic change in the western North Atlantic. Three stratigraphic indicators — carbonate content, Globorotalia menardii , and Uvigerina peregrina — were tested in ten radiocarbon dated cores from the North American continental margin. Of these, carbonate content appears to be most accurate. Carbonate content exhibits two major increases from late glacial time to the present; estimated ages of the average of the mid-point of these increase are 13 200 B.P. and 8600 B.P. An absolute chronology was established down fifteen cores using these stratigraphic indicators and the radiocarbon dates. Sea-surface temperature (SST) estimates derived from planktonic foraminifera were mapped at 2000-yr intervals from 2000 B.P. to 14 000 B.P. SST warms rapidly from 12 000 to 8000 B.P., reaches a maximum between 8000 and 6000 B.P., and gradually cools after 6000 B.P. Bottom waters were monitored with Uvigerina peregrina and dissolution indices. The disappearance of Uvigerina suggests that the water type it lives in (low O 2 ?) started to thin from both the top and bottom by 13 000 B.P. and by 7300 B.P. had disappeared. Fragmentation of planktonic foraminifera was used as an index of dissolution. In most cores dissolution was intense during late glacial time, lessened during early postglacial time and resumed in the late postglacial.
Effects of Excessive Intakes of Iodine upon Growth and Thyroid Function of Growing Holstein Heifers

Thirty Holstein heifer calves averaging 120 days of age and 102 kg of body weight were allocated to one control and four treatment groups of six each. Iodine, as ethylenediamine dihydriodide, was mixed 1:9 with dextrose and administered once daily atop feed at .625, 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 mg iodine per kilogram body weight. Calves were housed individually in unheated, well-ventilated barns and fed complete mixed feeds containing less than 1 ppm iodine. Feed intakes were recorded daily and body weights weekly. Jugular venous blood was collected from iodine treated calves at 0, 4, 8, and 12 wk of the experiment and analyzed for iodine, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine of plasma. Feed intake per unit body weight and per unit gain were not significantly different between treated and control calves. However, daily feed intake and average daily gain decreased slightly at the highest iodine intake. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine were not different among treatments. Thyroxine declined in all calves from 0 to 12 wk. Thyroxine of calves fed 5.0 mg of iodine per kilogram body weight decreased more than of calves fed less iodine. Iodine intake as high as 5.0 mg/kg body weight was tolerated without morbidity, although a minor effect on performance and thyroid activity was indicated.
First annual Mario S. Verani, MD, Memorial lecture: clinical value of myocardial perfusion imaging in coronary artery disease.

I am honored to give this lecture in memory of Dr Mario S. Verani, a friend and a respected colleague in the field of nuclear cardiology. Dr Verani made many immense contributions to the field of nuclear cardiology during his lifetime. He was a pioneer in the field of pharmacologic stress imaging and played a leading role in validating the utility of intravenous adenosine infusion for stress imaging in detecting significant coronary stenoses and assessing prognosis. He and his colleagues at Baylor reported that pharmacologic stress imaging could separate highand low-risk patient subsets after acute myocardial infarction, particularly among patients who underwent thrombolytic therapy. He informed us that certain drugs that patients took could influence perfusion defect severity. This work led to a clinical study showing that ischemic defect size could be substantially reduced with medical therapy in patients who had recently had an acute infarction. An outcome of this observation was the launching of the INSPIRE (adenosINe technetium-99m Sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography Post-InfaRction Evaluation) trial in which postinfarction patients are randomized to medical therapy or revascularization. Dr Verani was an able debater when assigned the position for advocating for stress radionuclide perfusion imaging against stress echocardiography. He engaged in these debates with substantial knowledge but always with a touch of humor. Dr Verani’s courage was an inspiration to all of us during his illness. His legacy as a pioneer will endure as the field of nuclear cardiology continues to mature and expand.
Visual cliff performance in 10 species of muroid rodents.

A total of 200 muroid rodents, 20 from each of 10 species from diverse ecological adaptations, were tested for depth perception near the age of weaning. Each animal was given 10 trials in a visual cliff. Seven of the 10 species, Israeli gerbils, California voles, house mice, meadow voles, cactus mice, cotton mice, and deer mice, showed some evidence of depth discrimination. By contrast, white-footed mice, prairie voles, and montane voles showed no evidence of such discriminative ability. Although there was no strong relationship apparent between the usual habitat of the species and their tendency to choose the shallow side in the visual cliff, a relationship was found among ecological factors, open-field behavior, and the latency to make a descent from the centerboard of the visual cliff.
An exploratory 5-μm spectrum of Uranus

Abstract Observations were made of the disk of Uranus near 5 μm with 2% spectral resolution in June of 1987. The observed spectrum is very unlike those of Jupiter and Saturn in the same region. It is characterized by an intensity peak at 4.8 μm near 3 × 10−9 W cm−2 sr−1 μm−1 (equivalent to a brightness temperature near 142 K or a geometric albedo of 7 × 10−3) with steep declines at shorter and longer wavelengths. Models discussed in the context of the data are exploratory in nature. Some component of the radiation must originate near the 140 K atmospheric level; this is true whether the radiation is reflected sunlight or thermal emission. The short-wavelength portion of the spectrum can be fit roughly by a partly reflecting, partly emitting cloud near 8 bar total pressure. The long-wavelength portion of the spectrum is not fit well by various mixtures of PH3, CH3D, or distant wings of CH4 bands (although the latter may need to be taken into account). Additional opacity near 4.7 μm, possibly provided by CO or other trace gases is required to improve the fit; higher resolution data are recommended for identifying the source of the opacity. Further observations near 4 μm would also help to assess the role of continuum opacity sources.
The Impact of Ethanol Fuel Blends on PM Emissions from a Light-Duty GDI Vehicle

This study explores the influence of ethanol on particulate matter (PM) emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles, a technology introduced to improve fuel economy and lower CO2 emissions, but facing challenges to meet next-generation emissions standards. Because PM formation in GDI engines is sensitive to a number of operating parameters, two engine calibrations are examined to gauge the robustness of the results. As the ethanol level in gasoline increases from 0% to 20%, there is possibly a small ( 30%, there is a statistically significant 30%–45% reduction in PM mass and number emissions observed for both engine calibrations. Particle size is unaffected by ethanol level. PM composition is primarily elemental carbon; the organic fraction increases from ∼5% for E0 to 15% for E45 fuel. Engine-out hydrocarbon and NOx emissions exhibit 10–20% decreases, consistent w...
The “New Mind” revisited, or minding the content/vehicle distinction: a response to Manzotti and Pepperell

I argue that Manzotti and Pepperell’s presentation of the New Mind not only obfuscates pertinent differences between externalist views of various strengths, but also, and most problematically, conflates a distinction that cannot, without consequences, be conflated. We can talk about the contents of the mind and/or about the vehicles of those contents. But we should not conflate the two. Conflation of contents and vehicles comes with a price. In Manzotti and Pepperell’s case, it undermines claims they make about the implications of the New Mind.
Effect of exercise supplementation during adenosine infusion on hyperemic blood flow and flow reserve

Abstract Physical stress might modulate myocardial blood flow in near-maximally dilated coronary arteries by increasing coronary perfusion pressure, myocardial contractility, and heart rate. The net effect of these changes on hyperemic blood flows has not yet been defined in humans. To quantify the effect of physical exercise on pharmacologically induced hyperemia, myocardial blood flow was measured in 11 healthy volunteers. Measurements were performed with positron emission tomographic imaging with nitrogen-13 ammonia at rest, during intravenous (IV) adenosine administration (140 μg · kg −1 · min −1 over 6 minutes), and during IV adenosine administration plus supine bicycle exercise with a maximal workload of 125 W. Myocardial blood flow was quantified by using a previously validated graphic analysis. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, rate-pressure product, and mean aortic blood pressures were significantly higher during combined physical and pharmacologic stress than during pharmacologic stress alone. However, myocardial blood flow decreased from 2.6 ± 0.4 to 2.2 ± 0.4 ml · min −1 · gm −1 with the addition of physical stress ( p −1 · gm · min; p p
Ábnormalities at a cellular level in relation to the presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and asthma

We compared in vitro responses of leucocytes (study I) in asthmatic children with various degrees of BHR and in healthy children. Cell responses were assessed by the generation of superoxide anion (O2–) and the release of histamine after challenge with calcium ionophore A 23187 plus Ca2+, and with deuterium oxide (D2O). BHR was graded on the basis of responses to inhaled histamine and to exercise. The mean generation of O2– and the mean release of histamine by the Ca ionophore and by D2O were significantly greater in the asthmatics than in the healthy subjects (P<0.05 and P<0.025 respectively). Between patients with pronounced and limited BHR the histamine release but not the O2– generation was significantly different (P<0.025). In study II calcium influx, change in membrane potential and histamine release after anti-IgE, Ca ionophore and D2O were measured in a suspension of basophils, selected by a fluorescence activated cell sorter. (Purity 60%, recovery 20%, high reproducibility). Results of study I and preliminary results of study II suggest a basic intracellular abnormality in asthma and BHR.
Spermatocyte Toxicity of 2-Methoxyethanol (ME) in Rats and Guinea Pigs: Evidence for the Induction of Apoptosis

Abstract 2-Methoxyethanol (ME) produces testicular lesions characterized by pachytene spermatocyte degeneration in rats and guinea pigs which differ in onset, severity, and morphological characteristics. In the rat, degenerating spermatocytes appear necrotic at 24 hr, while in the guinea pig they appear apoptotic 96 hr after the start of three daily doses. To further examine if the spermatocyte degeneration in both species represented necrosis or apoptosis, the extent and nature of nuclear DNA fragmentation after ME exposure were assessed both visually using an in situ nucleotide 3′ end-labeling (ISEL) procedure and by DNA gel electrophoresis. Testes from rats given a single oral dose of ME (200 mg/kg) showed the expected pachytene spermatocyte degeneration 24 hr after dosing, with the nuclear chromatin degradation typical of necrosis. In contrast, testes from guinea pigs given daily oral doses of ME (200 mg/kg) showed spermatocyte degeneration at only 96 hr after the start of dosing, with marked peripheral nuclear chromatin condensation characteristic of apoptosis. Coincident with the appearance of morphologic changes, degenerating spermatocytes in both species contained fragmented DNA as revealed by the ISEL procedure. The pattern of DNA fragmentation on agarose gels in both species consisted of ordered multiples or "ladders" of ~200 base pairs, a hallmark of apoptosis, with their appearance coincident with the time course of morphologic spermatocyte degeneration and ISEL staining. Preliminary data reveal the appearance of divalent metal cation-dependent endonuclease activity at pH 7.0 in ME-treated immature (24-day-old) rat testis that produces a similar pattern of DNA fragmentation and which appears to be distinct from activity associated with the spontaneous germ cell degeneration observed in testes of this age. In summary, in vivo ME exposure induces spermatocyte apoptosis in both the rat and guinea pig despite differing morphological classifications and time of onset of cell death. Future studies will focus on further characterization of the testicular endonuclease in the rat and the potential role of increased intracellular Ca2 + as a "triggering" stimulus in ME-induced spermatocyte apoptosis.
Late Holocene change in climate and atmospheric circulation inferred from geochemical records at Kepler Lake, south-central Alaska

Climate records during the last millennium are essential in placing recent anthropogenic-induced climate change into the context of natural climatic variability. However, detailed records are still sparse in Alaska, and these records would help elucidate climate patterns and possible forcing mechanisms. Here we present a multiple-proxy sedimentary record from Kepler Lake in south-central Alaska to reconstruct climatic and environmental changes over the last 800 years. Two short cores (85 and 101 cm long) from this groundwater-fed marl lake provide a detailed stable isotope and sediment lithological record with chronology based on four AMS 14C dates on terrestrial macrofossils and 210Pb analysis. The δ18O values of inorganic calcite (CaCO3) range from −17.0 to −15.7 ‰, with the highest values during the period of 1450–1850 AD, coeval with the well-documented Little Ice Age (LIA) cold interval in Alaska. The high δ18O values during the cold LIA are interpreted as reflecting shifts in atmospheric circulation. A weakening of the wintertime Aleutian low pressure system residing over the Gulf of Alaska during the LIA would have resulted in 18O-enriched winter precipitation as well as a colder and possibly drier winter climate in south-central Alaska. Also, elevated calcite contents of >80 % during the LIA reflect a lowering of lake level and/or enhanced seasonality (warmer summer and colder winter), as calcite precipitation in freshwater lakes is primarily a function of peak summer temperature and water depth. This interpretation is also supported by high δ13C values, likely reflecting high aquatic productivity or increased residence times of the lake water during lower lake levels. The lower lake levels and warmer summers would have increased evaporative enrichment in 18O, also contributing to the high δ18O values during the LIA. Our results indicate that changes in atmospheric circulation were an important component of climate change during the last millennium, exerting strong influence on regional climate in Alaska and the Arctic.
Coaxial vacuum gap breakdown for pulsed power liners

The dynamics of Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF)1, a new and promising approach to pulsed power fusion, are presently under detailed study at Sandia National Laboratories. Alongside this, a comprehensive analysis of the influence of the specific liner design geometry in the MagLIF system on liner initiation is underway in the academic community.
Light and the development of Poria ambigua.

In the course of investigations on the nutrition of some of the Basidiomycetes, it was noted that a culture of Poria ambigua Bres. from Ross W. Davidson, his number 86357, formed basidiospores in the light but produced few or none in the dark. The influence of light on the development of many fungi is well known and an extensive literature on the subject exists which will not be reviewed here. Our preliminary observations indicated that Poria ambigua in its response to light might be an especially favorable subject for investigation. Methods and Materials.-The basal medium 1 employed contained mineral salts, dextrose, casein hydrolysate, various purine and pyrimidine bases and the known B vitamins. The hydrion concentration was approximately pH 4.5. Cultures were grown in triplicate or quintuplicate at 25? C in 20 x 100 mm petri dishes containing 20 ml of medium, solidified with 1.5 per cent Difco agar or in 125 ml Erlenmeyer flasks which contained 25 ml of liquid medium. Our standard inoculum was obtained from colonies which had grown three or four days at 25? in the dark. Inoculum, unless otherwise stated, consisted of bits of mycelium 1 mm or 5 mm in diameter taken 3 or 4 mm from the edge of the colony by the method described by Yusef (1953). After inoculation, the dishes were wrapped individually in aluminum foil and incubated in a light-tight incubator at 25?. Unless otherwise indicated, the light to which cultures were exposed was a mixture of diffuse daylight and artificial light totaling from 200 to 280 foot-candles (ft-c). Natural Materials and Growth.-Poria ambigua grew in our basal medium. However, growth of the fungus as measured by dry weight
Spectral analysis of turbulence based on the DNS of a channel flow

Abstract The development and assessment of spectral turbulence models requires knowledge of the spectral turbulent kinetic energy distribution as well as an understanding of the terms which determine the energy distribution in physical and wave number space. Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulent channel flow yields numerical “data” that can be, and was, analyzed using a spatial Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to obtain the various spectral turbulent kinetic energy balance terms, including the production, dissipation, diffusion, and the non-linear convective transfer terms.
RELATIVISTIC SELF-CONSISTENT SOLUTIONS FOR ATOMS OF LARGE ATOMIC NUMBER

Relativistic self-consistent solutions, without exchange, have been obtained for several atoms of large atomic number by use of a general program for a high speed computing machine. A short description of this program and of the self-consistent calculation is given. Eigenvalues for the individual electron subshells of the self-consistent mercury, tungsten, platinum, and uranium atoms are presented. A comparison of the calculation with previous results for the mercury atom is also included.
DEVIANCE AS RESISTANCE: A New Research Agenda for the Study of Black Politics

This paper explores the possibility of constructing a field of investigation based in African American Studies and borrowing from queer theory and Black feminist analysis that is centered around the experiences of those who stand on the (out)side of state-sanctioned, normalized, White, middle- and upper-class, male heterosexuality. This would entail a paradigmatic shift in how scholars of Black politics and more broadly African American Studies think and write about those most vulnerable in Black communities—those thought to be morally wanting by both dominant society and other indigenous group members. Using a theoretical framework for studying Black politics that highlights the construction and malleability of categories as well as the work of processes of normalization found in queer theory in tandem with the detailed understanding of power, in particular as it is structured around and through axes such as race, gender, and class found in African American Studies, we might gain new insights into the everyday politics of those at the bottom in Black communities.Despite the feelings of some in Black communities that we have been shamed by the immoral behavior of a small subset of community members, those some would label the underclass, scholars must take up the charge to highlight and detail the agency of those on the outside, those who through their acts of nonconformity choose outsider status, at least temporarily. An intentional deviance given limited agency and constrained choices sits at the center for this field of research. These individuals are not fully or completely defining themselves as outsiders nor are they satisfied with their outsider status, but they are also not willing to adapt completely, or to conform. The cumulative impact of such choices might be the creation of spaces or counter publics, where not only oppositional ideas and discourse happen, but lived opposition, or at least autonomy, is chosen daily. Through the repetition of deviant practices by multiple individuals, new identities, communities, and politics might emerge where seemingly deviant, unconnected behavior can be transformed into conscious acts of resistance that serve as the basis for a mobilized politics of deviance.
Reagentless cell lysis on a PDMS CD using beads

Reagentless mechanical cell lysis was demonstrated on a microfluidic CD (Compact Disc) microfabricated in PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane). The motion of beads in a lysis chamber on the CD causes disruption of mammalian (CHO-K1), bacterial (Escherichia coli), and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells. Interactions between beads and cells are generated in the rimming flow established inside a partially filled annular chamber in the CD rotating around a horizontal axis. To maximize bead-cell interactions, the CD was spun forward and backwards around this axis, using high acceleration for up to 7 minutes. Based on our theoretical work, we investigated the following control parameters: bead density, angular velocity, acceleration rate, and solid volume fraction, all of which influence cell lysis efficiency. Cell disruption efficiency was verified either through direct microscopic viewing or measurement of DNA concentration after cell lysing. Lysis efficiency relative to a conventional lysis protocol was also determined. In the long term, this work is geared towards CD based sample-to-answer nucleic acid analysis which will include cell lysis, DNA purification, DNA amplification, and DNA hybridization detection.
Commercialization of Nanostructured Metals Produced by Severe Plastic Deformation Processing

The promise of nanotechnology is increasingly being realized as governments, universities, public and private research laboratories, and the various industrial sectors devote resources to this emerging area. Estimates for the economic impact of nanotechnology on existing global markets exceed 700 billion by the year 2008. Nanomaterials are projected to be one of the earliest components of nanotechnology to appear in commercial applications. Amongst the emerging new nanomaterials, bulk nanostructured metals produced by severe plastic deformation (SPD) have shown promise in a wide range of application areas. In this paper, we overview developments in severe plastic deformation technology, emphasizing progress since the international workshop “Investigations and Applications of Severe Plastic Deformation” held 2–8 August 1999 in Moscow, Russia. Then, we overview some of principal areas of application for SPD metals and alloys.
Mitigation of Sympathetic Interaction between Power Transformers Fed by Long over Head Lines Caused by Inrush Transient Currents

Maintenance and operation of electrical systems in mining facilities fed by long Over Head Lines (OHL's) require configurations with two or more power transformers for ensuring high reliability and availability. This work presents the methodology developed for the study of an actual problem related with the connection of three power transformers operating in parallel, addressing the phenomenon of sympathetic interaction when the DC-component of inrush transient currents of the incoming transformer generate additional saturation in the already connected transformers. Non expected operation and tripping of electrical protective devices may be caused by the asymmetrical voltages and prolonged transient harmonic overvoltages, affecting the reliability of the whole electrical systems. Simulation and experimental results of an actual power system validate the methodology proposed for the study and design of mitigation methods.
Monte Carlo simulations of the effect of pressure on isothermal and temperature-programmed desorption kinetics

Abstract A Monte Carlo simulation technique is presented for describing the adsorption, surface diffusion, and desorption kinetics of molecules from metal surfaces. Lateral interactions between adsorbed molecules are taken into account using the bond-order-conservation-Morse-potential method. The rate of desorption observed in the presence of a gas-phase species is higher than that observed in a vacuum. The increase in the apparent rate coefficient for desorption with increasing pressure can be ascribed to the effects of repulsive lateral interactions on the activation energy for desorption. The simulated kinetics are in good agreement with the experimentally-observed kinetics for the isothermal desorption of CO from polycrystalline Pd and for the temperature-programmed desorption of CO from Ni(100).
Comparison of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in a two-site binding enzyme immunoassay for alphafetoprotein (AFP).

Abstract A two-site binding enzyme immunoassay for the detection of alphafetoprotein (AFP) was developed by using either a combination of two monoclonal antibodies or of one monoclonal antibody and polyclonal antibodies. The conjugation of the monoclonal antibodies to peroxidase by the periodate method yielded a somewhat higher sensitivity in the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), when compared to conjugates produced by the glutaraldehyde method. The detection limit was 10 μg AFP per litre when using only monoclonal antibodies in the assay. Simultaneous incubation of the sample and the monoclonal labelled antibody should be avoided unless using at least two different dilutions of the sample for investigation.
Programming by Refinement, as Exemplified by the SETL Representation Sublanguage

“Pure” SETL is a language of very high level allowing algorithms to be programmed rapidly and succintly. SETL's representation sublanguage adds a system of declarations which allow the user of the language to control the data structures that will be used to implement an algorithm which has already been written in pure SETL, so as to improve its efficiency. Ideally no rewriting of the algorithm should be necessary. The facilities provided by the representation sublanguage and the run-time data structures that it can generate are described; based on this a heuristic which uses some of the methods of global program analysis and which should be capable of selecting an acceptably efficient representation automatically is given.
The Citizen Police Academy: A recipe for improving police-community relations

Abstract The development of the Citizen Police Academy (CPA) has resulted in a new mechanism for improving police-community relations and enhancing public cooperation. The main purposes of the program are out-lined, the basic organization of various CPAs around the country are discussed, and the effectiveness of the CPA concept is considered. There are many advantages both for the police department and the community in setting up a CPA, but there are several disadvantages which are addressed. The organization of the Metro-Dade, Florida CPA is described in detail.
Aerosol filtration in a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed

Abstract The structures of magnetically stabilized fluidized beds (MSB) were examined experimentally and aerosol filtration experiments were conducted in the various MSB structures. High collection efficiencies were obtained in both the stably fluidized beds and the stably defluidized beds and the collection efficiencies were comparable to those achieved in unfluidized beds. An MSB operating near or in the zone of marginal stability was shown to become unstable as filtration proceeded. It was also found that large amounts of aerosol deposition in stably fluidized beds resulted in reduced inter-granule magnetic forces leading to gas break-through and bed bubbling.
Cognitive Representation in Ethnophaulisms and Illusory Correlation in Stereotyping

Previous research has examined complexity in ethnophaulisms as an indicator of cognitive representations of minority ethnic groups. Smaller groups have been demonstrated to evoke greater prototype representations, as evidenced in less complexity in the ethnophaulisms ascribed to these smaller groups. The present research extends this approach to the study of developing stereotypes for novel ethnic groups in the distinctiveness-based illusory correlation paradigm. Results of three studies confirm that in the absence of any preconceived cognitive representations of, or evaluative responses toward, these novel groups, the more salient group is subject to greater prototype representation. In addition, this greater prototype representation for the more salient group predicts the distinctiveness-based illusory correlation effect and thereby predicts differential evaluations toward the ethnic groups. The implications of these results for the study of the distinctiveness-based illusory correlation paradigm in par...