cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric own- and cross-price effects: the case of US outbound tourism demand

Past studies have generally assumed that tourism demand is perfectly price-reversible, and tourists respond to price increases and decreases symmetrically. This paper aims to investigate the potent...
Measuring and Mitigating Bias and Harm in Personalized Advertising

Online personalized advertising is often very effective in identifying relevant audiences for each piece of content, which has led to its widespread adoption. In today’s internet, however, these advertising systems are used not only to market products, but also consequential life opportunities such as employment or housing, as well as socially important political messaging. This has led to increasing concerns about the presence of algorithmic bias and possible discrimination in these important domains — with results showing problematic biases along gender, race, and political affiliation, even when the advertiser might have targeted broadly. A growing body of work focuses on measuring and characterizing these biases, as well as finding ways to mitigate these effects and building responsible systems. However, these results often emerge from different scientific communities and are often disconnected in the literature. In this paper, I attempt at bridging the gap between isolated efforts to either measure these biases, or to mitigate them. I discuss how the need to measure bias in advertising, and the efforts to mitigate it, despite being distant in the literature, are complementary problems that need to center their methodolgy around user studies. This paper presents a research agenda that focuses on the need for user-centric measurements of bias, by collecting real ads from users, and using surveys to understand user perceptions for these ads. My approach also calls for incorporating user sentiments into the mitigation efforts, by constraining optimization on user values that emerge from surveys. Finally, I also emphasize the need for involving users in the evaluation of responsible advertising systems; efforts to mitigate bias eventually need to be contextualized in terms of benefits to users instead of simple performance tradeoffs. My focus on the users is motivated by the fact that they are stakeholders in personalized advertising, vulnerable at the hand of algorithmic bias and harm, and therefore crucial in both efforts to measure and mitigate these effects.
Application of the FCP-activation procedure to the synthesis of a biospecific adsorbent for trypsin

The synthesis of a biospecific adsorbent for trypsin was chosen as a model to investigate the applicability of FCP activation in affinity chromatography.p-Aminobenzamidine was chosen as a ligand, directly suitable for immobilization. The nonspecific binding properties of the first series of synthesized agarose derivatives were obviated either by FCP activation of the ligand instead of the matrix, or by modifying the initial FCP-activation procedure. The adsorbents prepared in this way, however, demonstrated no selectivity between trypsin and chymotrypsin. The introduction ofe-aminocaproic acid as a spacer was ineffectual. These problems were solved by the application of glycylglycine as a spacer. The final affinity matrices had a degree of substitution of approximately 4 μ.mol of ligand per gram gel (100 μmol ligand per gram dry adsorbent). The specific activity of a current trypsin preparation was increased by 58% in a single cycle. The biospecificity of these adsorbents was demonstrated.
Virtual Fingerprint - Image-Based Authentication Increases Privacy for Users of Mouse-Replacement Interfaces

Current secondary user authentication methods are imperfect. They either rely heavily on a user’s ability to remember key preferences and phrases or they involve providing authentication on multiple devices. However, malicious attacks that compromise a user’s device or discover personal information about the user are becoming more sophisticated and increasing in number. Users who rely on mouse-replacement interfaces face additional privacy concerns when monitored or assisted by caregivers. Our authentication method proposes a way of quantifying a user’s personality traits by observing his selection of images. This method would not be as vulnerable to malicious attacks as current methods are because the method is based on psychological observations that can not be replicated by anyone other than the correct user. As a preliminary evaluation, we created a survey consisting of slides of images and asked participants to click through them. The results indicated our proposed authentication method has clear potential to address these issues.
Teaching Macro Practice: An Experiential Learning Project.

Abstract This paper presents a model for teaching an undergraduate social work macro practice course utilizing an experiential learning paradigm. The model provides a campus-based project with social work majors in simultaneous dual roles of students and grassroots leaders, focusing on rape and sexual assault prevention training for college students. This “case-to-cause” framework affords students the opportunity to integrate macro-level theory and practice skills, while conceptualizing the connections between a social problem, social policy, action research, and social action.
The wage gap between Francophones and Anglophones: a Canadian perspective, 1970–2000

. The wage gap between Francophone and Anglophone men from 1970 and 2000 fell by 25 percentage points within Quebec, but only by 10 points Canada-wide, largely because the wages of Quebec Anglophones fell by 15 points relative to other Canadian Anglophones. Accordingly, the Canadian measure of the Francophone gap better reflects the changing welfare of Francophones than the Quebec measure. Over half of the reduction in the Canadian Francophone wage gap is explained by rising Francophone education levels. In Quebec, the declining number and relative wages of Anglophone workers is best explained by a falling demand for English-speaking labour. L'ecart de salaires entre les hommes francophones et anglophones est tombe de 25 points de pourcentage au Quebec entre 1970 et 2000, mais seulement de 10 points a l'echelle canadienne, largement parce que les salaires des anglophones au Quebec sont tombes de 15 points par rapport aux autres canadiens anglophones. En consequence, la mesure canadienne de l'ecart prend mieux la mesure du changement de bien-etre des francophones que la mesure quebecoise. Plus de la moitie de la reduction dans l'ecart au niveau canadien s'explique par l'accroissement des niveaux d'education des francophones. Au Quebec, le nombre en declin des travailleurs anglophones et la chute de leurs salaires relatifs s'expliquent par un declin dans la demande de travailleurs parlant anglais.
Real-Time Atmospheric Correction of AVIRIS-NG Imagery

We demonstrate real-time model-based atmospheric correction onboard the Next Generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer. We achieve a reduction in processing time from hours or days to seconds by modifying a standard physics-based atmospheric correction algorithm to support real-time execution. We achieved this reduction by modifying the physics-based ATmospheric REMoval algorithm to leverage a large lookup table of precomputed scattering and transmission coefficients, indexed by parameters specifying the aircraft operating conditions at capture time. Interpolation among the precomputed coefficients allows surface reflectance retrieval at the sensor acquisition rate of 500 Mb/s. Our system produced science-quality reflectance products during over 30 test flights and, to our knowledge, is the first reported demonstration of real-time model-driven visible shortwave infrared atmospheric correction onboard an aircraft.
Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP): Impact on Indigenous Communities

The study of genetic variation in the human species cannot be undertaken outside the cultural, political and historical context within which scientific research has been traditionally conducted on indigenous peoples. Consideration of their rights may render the Human Genome Diversity Project, as originally articulated, intractable. Keywords: indigenous; population; society; diversity; variation
Multiprotein assembly of Kv4.2, KChIP3 and DPP10 produces ternary channel complexes with ISA-like properties

Kv4 pore-forming subunits are the principal constituents of the voltage-gated K+ channel underlying somatodendritic subthreshold A-type currents (ISA) in neurones. Two structurally distinct types of Kv4 channel modulators, Kv channel-interacting proteins (KChIPs) and dipeptidyl-peptidase-like proteins (DPLs: DPP6 or DPPX, DPP10 or DPPY), enhance surface expression and modify functional properties. Since KChIP and DPL distributions overlap in the brain, we investigated the potential coassembly of Kv4.2, KChIP3 and DPL proteins, and the contribution of DPLs to ternary complex properties. Immunoprecipitation results show that KChIP3 and DPP10 associate simultaneously with Kv4.2 proteins in rat brain as well as heterologously expressing Xenopus oocytes, indicating Kv4.2 + KChIP3 + DPP10 multiprotein complexes. Consistent with ternary complex formation, coexpression of Kv4.2, KChIP3 and DPP10 in oocytes and CHO cells results in current waveforms distinct from the arithmetic sum of Kv4.2 + KChIP3 and Kv4.2 + DPP10 currents. Furthermore, the Kv4.2 + KChIP3 + DPP10 channels recover from inactivation very rapidly (τrec∼18–26 ms), closely matching that of native ISA and significantly faster than the recovery of Kv4.2 + KChIP3 or Kv4.2 + DPP10 channels. For comparison, identical triple coexpression experiments were performed using DPP6 variants. While most results are similar, the Kv4.2 + KChIP3 + DPP6 channels exhibit inactivation that slows with increasing membrane potential, resulting in inactivation slower than that of Kv4.2 + KChIP3 + DPP10 channels at positive voltages. In conclusion, the native neuronal subthreshold A-type channel is probably a macromolecular complex formed from Kv4 and a combination of both KChIP and DPL proteins, with the precise composition of channel α and auxiliary subunits underlying tissue and regional variability in ISA properties.
Using Student Self-Ratings to Assess the Alignment of Instructional Design Competencies and Courses in a Graduate Program

This research examined students’ selfreported proficiency in Instructional Design (ID) competencies using IBSTPI and AECT standards in order to assess the extent to which these standards are integrated in a university’s graduate ID program. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 34 students who completed Advanced Instructional Design Portfolio, a one-credit capstone course designed to prompt students to reflect on their achievement of program goals and objectives. Students reported they were most proficient in the Design (83.14%) and Development (75%) standards as defined by AECT and the Professional Foundations (78.71%) and Design and Development (72.39%) competencies as defined by IBSTPI. Students reported they were least proficient in the Utilization standard (62.73%) as defined by AECT and the Implementation and Management competency (59.16%) as defined by IBSTPI. The results also revealed the program courses that were most frequently credited for facilitating students’ achievement of ID standards and competencies.
Fixed Points and Two-Cycles of the Discrete Logarithm

We explore some questions related to one of Brizolis: does every prime p have a pair (g, h) such that h is a fixed point for the discrete logarithm with base g? We extend this question to ask about not only fixed points but also two-cycles. Campbell and Pomerance have not only answered the fixed point question for sufficiently large p but have also rigorously estimated the number of such pairs given certain conditions on g and h. We attempt to give heuristics for similar estimates given other conditions on g and h and also in the case of two-cycles. These heuristics are well-supported by the data we have collected, and seem suitable for conversion into rigorous estimates in the future.
Upper limit of supersolidity in solid helium

The resonant period drop observed at low temperatures in torsional oscillators containing solid helium had been interpreted as a signature of supersolid. However, it was found that the shear modulus increase found in solid helium at the same low temperature could also decrease the resonant period of the torsional oscillator. We report the results of a study in two different torsional oscillators that were specially designed to minimize the shear modulus effect and maximize any possible supersolid response. We were able to place an upper limit on the nonclassical rotational inertia or supersolid fraction of $4\times10^{-6}$. Moreover, we have repeated an earlier experiment on hcp $^3$He solid, which shows similar low temperature stiffening as in hcp $^4$He. We found that the small drop of the resonant period measured in the hcp $^3$He sample is comparable in size to that found in the hcp $^4$He samples. These results strongly suggest that the resonant period drop reported in most torsional oscillator studies in the last decade is primarily a consequence of the shear modulus stiffening effect.
Global Population Genetic Structure and Male-Mediated Gene Flow in the Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas): RFLP Analyses of Anonymous Nuclear Loci

We introduce an approach for the analysis of Mendelian polymorphisms in nuclear DNA (nDNA), using restriction fragment patterns from anonymous single-copy regions amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, and apply this method to the elucidation of population structure and gene flow in the endangered green turtle, Chelonia mydas. Seven anonymous clones isolated from a total cell DNA library were sequenced to generate primers for the amplification of nDNA fragments. Nine individuals were screened for restriction site polymorphisms at these seven loci, using 40 endonucleases. Two loci were monomorphic, while the remainder exhibited a total of nine polymorphic restriction sites and three size variants (reflecting 600-base pair (bp) and 20-bp deletions and a 20-bp insertion). A total of 256 turtle specimens from 15 nesting populations worldwide were then scored for these polymorphisms. Genotypic proportions within populations were in accord with Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Strong linkage disequilibrium observed among polymorphic sites within loci enabled multisite haplotype assignments. Estimates of the standardized variance in haplotype frequency among global collections (FST = 0.17), within the Atlantic-Mediterranean (FST = 0.13), and within the Indian-Pacific (FST = 0.13), revealed a moderate degree of population substructure. Although a previous study concluded that nesting populations appear to be highly structured with respect to female (mitochondrial DNA) lineages, estimates of Nm based on nDNA data from this study indicate moderate rates of male-mediated gene flow. A positive relationship between genetic similarity and geographic proximity suggests historical connections and/or contemporary gene flow between particular rookery populations, likely via matings on overlapping feeding grounds, migration corridors or nonnatal rookeries.
Transforming Rural Economies: Migration, Income Generation and Inequality in Rural Mexico

We analyse how migration shapes the distribution and sources of rural income using nationally representative panel data from Mexico. Income source Gini decompositions provide some support for the m...
Induction of molecular asymmetry by a remote chiral group

Conventional methods of asymmetric synthesis of organic compounds involve the use of either chiral catalysts or stoichiometric amounts of chiral substrates. Invariably, the reacting components must be in close proximity to the entity that introduces chirality1,2. But supramolecular chemistry3–5 has shown that stereochemical information can be transmitted through greater distances than are commonly involved in asymmetric syntheses. Here we show that chiral information can be transmitted with remarkable selectivity through as many as nine achiral connecting atoms to give predominantly one diastereomer of a possible four. This contrasts with the general expectation6 that a decrease in selectivity would result from an increase in the separation of the chirality-inducing substituent and the reaction site. This ability to convey molecular asymmetry over larger distances should provide access to new chiral molecules that would be difficult to make by conventional methods.
One Manufacturer’s View of Gas Turbine Service

This paper describes full gas turbine services in support of owners operations in terms of availability, reliability, and maximum economic return on investment. The scope of the paper is the strategy of one manufacturer to provide service for the entire life of the turbine from installation through final retirement. Included is a detailed description of factory design engineering and parts support, on-site service, and field engineering and local specialized repair facilities.Copyright © 1978 by ASME
Design considerations of the DBR injection laser and the waveguiding structure for integrated optics

In this paper, we analyze the operation of the distributed-Bragg-reflector (DBR) injection laser with an emphasis on compatibility with the integrated-optics concept. First, methods of computing the coupling constant are reviewed and the results are compared. A general agreement is found. Next, the reflection and transmission coefficients for both lossless and lossy Bragg reflectors are examined for their dependencies on the coupling constant, the reflector length, the loss constant in the reflector region, and the operating wavelength. The computed results are then applied to analyzing experimental results on DBR GaAs double-heterostructure (DH) injection lasers. A general agreement between the theory and the experiment is found. From the analysis, it appears possible for the DBR injection laser to operate in single mode with sufficient output power, low threshold, and good efficiency by proper design of the laser structure and significant loss reduction in the reflector region. A waveguiding structure is considered for loss reduction and for eventual incorporation of the laser into an integrated optical circuit. The stress is on a single liquid-phase-epitaxy (LPE) step for the fabrication of the structure. Additional pre-LPE and post-LPE steps are suggested for fabrication and isolation of different optical devices.
Changing Learner Behavior Through Environmental Education

(1990). Changing Learner Behavior Through Environmental Education. The Journal of Environmental Education: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 8-21.
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Magnesium Die Casting Alloys

Contrary to limited published information on the subject, magnesium die casting alloys are shown to be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC), requiring only partial immersion in distilled water. Also described is evidence that this SCC results from a cathodic process, with perhaps hydrogen-assisted cracking and film rupture both playing roles.
Genome-wide association study identified the human leukocyte antigen region as a novel locus for plasma beta-2 microglobulin

Beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) is a component of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule and has been studied as a biomarker of kidney function, cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Little is known about the genes influencing its levels directly or through glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We conducted a genome-wide association study of plasma B2M levels in 6738 European Americans from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study to identify novel loci for B2M and assessed its association with known estimated GFR (eGFR) loci. We identified 2 genome-wide significant loci. One was in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region on chromosome 6 (lowest p value = 1.8 × 10(-23) for rs9264638). At this locus, 6 index SNPs accounted for 3.2 % of log(B2M) variance, and their association with B2M could largely be explained by imputed classical alleles of the MHC class I genes: HLA-A, HLA-B, or HLA-C. The index SNPs at this locus were not associated with eGFR based on serum creatinine (eGFRcr). The other locus of B2M was on chromosome 12 (rs3184504 at SH2B3, beta = 0.02, p value = 3.1 × 10(-8)), which was previously implicated as an eGFR locus. In conclusion, although B2M is known to be a component of MHC class I molecule, the association between HLA class I alleles and plasma B2M levels in a community-based population is novel. The identification of the two novel loci for B2M extends our understanding of its metabolism and informs its use as a kidney filtration biomarker.
Capture of Slow Neutrons

Current theories of the large cross sections of slow neutrons are contradicted by frequent absence of strong scattering in good absorbers as well as the existence of resonance bands. These facts can be accounted for by supposing that in addition to the usual effect there exist transitions to virtual excitation states of the nucleus in which not only the captured neutron but, in addition to this, one of the particles of the original nucleus is in an excited state. Radiation damping due to the emission of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-rays broadens the resonance and reduces scattering in comparison with absorption by a large factor. Interaction with the nucleus is most probable through the $s$ part of the incident wave. The higher the resonance region, the smaller will be the absorption. For a resonance region at 50 volts the cross section at resonance may be as high as ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and 0.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}20}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at thermal energy. The estimated probability of having a nuclear level in the low energy region is sufficiently high to make the explanation reasonable. Temperature effects and absorption of filtered radiation point to the existence of bands which fit in with the present theory.
Dynamic Dialysis as a Method for Studying Protein Binding I: Factors Affecting the Kinetics of Dialysis through a Cellophane Membrane

A potentially useful method for determining the extent to which binding occurs in a protein-small molecule system consists of studying the kinetics of dialysis of the small molecule in the absence and presence of protein. The kinetics of dialysis of a number of compounds, in the absence of protein, was studied in some detail in order to characterize the nature of the dialytic process and its dependency on experimental variables. It was shown that the rate of escape of the small molecule from a dialysis cell was a first-order process provided that sink conditions were maintained. The influence of such variables as cell size, solution volume, stirring rates, temperature, pH, ionic strength, and viscosity on the rate process was considered and investigated. It was found that stirring rate (above a minimum), ionic strength, and viscosity did not markedly affect the kinetic picture. Temperature, pH (for one compound), the size of the cell, and the volume of solution contained by the cell did affect the rate of escape. Binding by the cellophane membrane was not encountered as a problem with the compounds studied. Experimental variables could be readily controlled to yield reproducible and dependable results.
Anisotropy in the fermi surface of nickel

Abstract Anisotropies in the de Haas-van Alphen data for the hole pcket in nickel are accounted for using an interpolation scheme both with and without spin orbit coupling. The detailed shape of the pocket is dramatically different from that previously obtained by other workers.
Electromechanical impedance method to assess dental implant stability

The stability of a dental implant is a prerequisite for supporting a load-bearing prosthesis and establishment of a functional bone?implant system. Reliable and noninvasive methods able to assess the bone interface of dental and orthopedic implants (osseointegration) are increasingly demanded for clinical diagnosis and direct prognosis. In this paper, we propose the electromechanical impedance method as a novel approach for the assessment of dental implant stability. Nobel Biocare??implants with a size of 4.3?mm diameter ?13?mm length were placed inside bovine bones that were then immersed in a solution of nitric acid to allow material degradation. The degradation simulated the inverse process of bone healing. The implant?bone systems were monitored by bonding a piezoceramic transducer (PZT) to the implants? abutment and measuring the admittance of the PZT over time. It was found that the PZT?s admittance and the statistical features associated with its analysis are sensitive to the degradation of the bones and can be correlated to the loss of calcium measured by means of the atomic absorption spectroscopy method. The present study shows promising results and may pave the road towards an innovative approach for the noninvasive monitoring of dental implant stability and integrity.
Lead Neuropathy: 2. Random Distribution of Segmental Demyelination Among “Old Internodes” of Myelinated Fibers

Immunofluorescent microscopy of the choroid plexus revealed the presence of rabbit IgG and either rat or mouse C3 in a high percentage of young male Wistar rats and CF1 mice who had received intravenous injections of preformed BSA-rabbit anti BSA complexes over a 3 day period. Electron dense deposits were observed in the basement membrane region of the choroid plexus in these animals. These findings were comparable to those noted in their renal glomeruli. This is the first description of involvement of the choroid plexus in passive immune complex disease. This experimental model is rapidly inducible and should be of value in future pathophysiological studies of this important structure.
Gastroprotection by an Aluminium- and Magnesium Hydroxide-Containing Antacid in Rats

This study was designed to determine the gastroprotective actions of an antacid (Maalox 702) and its components, Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2, against acute gastric lesions induced by absolute ethanol, acidified aspirin (ASA), and water immersion and restraint stress in rats. Given orally, the antacid prevented dose-dependently the formation of gastric lesions by all three ulcerogens, and these effects were similar to those obtained with a methylated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) analog. Active Al(OH)3 gel was equipment with Maalox, whereas Mg(OH)2 was significantly less effective in gastroprotection than Maalox 70. Chemically inactive Al(OH)3 wet gel showed only small and insignificant protective properties. Since the gastroprotective activities of Maalox 70 against ethanol lesions cannot be reversed by pretreatment with indomethacin, and since neither Maalox 70 nor its active components affected the mucosal generation of PGE2 and leukotriene C4, we postulate that mucosal prostanoids are not the primary mediators in th...
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Relationships between Lewis Acid−Lewis Base Complexes Relevant to the P2Pt(OTf)2-Catalyzed Diels−Alder Reaction

The Pt(II) Lewis acids P2Pt(OTf)2 (2; P2 = dppe (a), R-BINAP (b)), which catalyze the Diels−Alder reaction of acryloyl-N-oxazolidinone (4) with cyclopentadiene (HCp), were generated in situ by activation of P2Pt(S-BINOL) precursors 1 with 2 equiv of triflic acid (HOTf). Catalysts 2 and catalytically relevant Lewis acid−Lewis base complexes [P2Pt(L2)]2+[OTf]-2 (L2 = 2 H2O (3), dienophile 4 (6), Diels−Alder adduct 5 (8)) were characterized by 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy at 195 K. 2a was also characterized by X-ray crystallography. The thermodynamic relationships between 2, 3, 6, 8, and a BF4- analogue of 2 were determined through competitive binding experiments monitored by 31P NMR at 195 K, to assess the effects of competitive inhibition of counterions, additives, and product on substrate coordination to the catalyst. These experiments demonstrated that the Lewis bases bind to [P2Pt]2+ with relative strengths BF4- ≪ OTf- < 4 < 5 ≪ H2O. The rates of two ligand exchange processes (dienophile/dienophile (k1) ...
Software and higher education

With software playing an undeniably critical role in our lives, one would expect that the best engineering techniques, such as rigorous specification and systematic inspections, would be applied routinely in its development. But in our experience, the opposite is often the case. Many large and important software development projects are conducted with poor choices of engineering techniques and technologies—resulting in increased risks, costs, and delivery delays.
Rheological Modeling of Corn Starch Doughs At Low to Intermediate Moisture

A generalized model for predicting the extrudate viscosity of starch based products at low to intermediate moisture content is presented. It incorporates the effects of shear rate, temperature, moisture content, time-temperature history and strain history. The model was tested using corn starch dough at various moisture contents. An Instron capillary rheometer and a Baker Perkins MPF 50 D/25 co-rotating twin screw extruder were used to collect all data. Viscosity was found to be a function of cook temperature and moisture content but not cook time. Observed versus predicted viscosity gave an R2 of 0.975 after accounting for shear rate, temperature, moisture content and time-temperature history in the capillary rheometer. Extrusion tests indicated that correction for strain history was important for highly puffed extrudates.
A novel technique for synthesizing MgB2 thin films with high upper critical fields

We report a new method for synthesizing magnesium diboride (MgB2) thin films which exhibit a steep increase in the slope of the upper critical field Hc2 versus decreasing temperature (i.e. |dHc2/dT|Tc|≈2.5 T K−1). An Hc2 of 38.4 T at 4.2 K and an extrapolated value of Hc2(0) above 43 T at 0 K are reported. Films of magnesium plus boron were deposited on unheated c-plane sapphire substrates by co-evaporation, and were subsequently annealed in a reducing atmosphere at temperatures below 600 °C. The use of a combination of a magnesium-rich stoichiometry (Mg/B>1/2) for the as-deposited film and a two-step annealing process was found to be critical in obtaining these high values of Hc2 and |dHc2/dT|Tc|.
Evidence of a pallidohabenular pathway in the cat

The efferent projections of the entopeduncular nucleus (internal segment of the globus pallidus) in the cat have been studied by the autoradiographic tracing method. The findings reported in this article strongly suggest the existence of a substantial pathway originating in the internal segment of the globus pallidus and terminating in a large, circumscript region of the lateral habenular nucleus. Axons of this pathway follow a wide variety of routes to reach the lateral habenular nucleus. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the problem of connections between the limbic system and the corpus striatum.
Critical Prenatal and Postnatal Periods for Persistent Effects of Dexamethasone on Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Systems

Critical Prenatal and Postnatal Periods for Persistent Effects of Dexamethasone on Serotonergic and Dopaminergic Systems
Latino Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Immigrants in the United States

Latinos and Latinas (Latin@s) lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgenders (LGBTs) attempting to enter into the U.S. experience significant challenges that are systemic in the processes and application of the U.S. immigration laws. Latin@s are the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States according to the Office of the U.S. Census 2010 data. The foci of this article are to review the challenges in obtaining entry and a U.S. visa from those in Latin America, to examine the extent of reported violence experienced by Latin@ LGBTs, to understand the major ways LGBTs are targeted in Latin America that motivates them to seek refuge, and to illustrate ways health and human services providers can intervene.
High temperature corrosion in practical systems

There is a wide range of engineering systems where either the efficiency, the cost, or the reliability and lifetime is limited by high temperature corrosion processes. This includes gas turbines, boilers of various kinds, coal gasifiers, reformers and catalytic regenerators in the petrochemical industry, and heat exchangers and heat recovery systems of many kinds. The issues can largely be separated into oxidation and exfoliation, mixed oxidant attack, molten salt accelerated corrosion, and the effect of corrosion on the mechanical properties of the system. The base situation is that a stable protective oxide would normally be formed, and this would be adequate: the role of the other factors is to damage the protective oxide or inhibit its formation. Several practical situations will be described in terms of the processes outlined above
Toward Full Disclosure of Referral Restrictions and Financial Incentives by Prepaid Health Plans

Prepaid plans provide an increasingly large share of today's health care in the United States. At present, 27.7 million people are enrolled in health maintenance organizations (HMOs), as compared w...
DEPRESSED AFFECT AND HISTORICAL LOSS AMONG NORTH AMERICAN INDIGENOUS ADOLESCENTS

This study reports on the prevalence and correlates of perceived historical loss among 459 North American Indigenous adolescents aged 11-13 years from the northern Midwest of the United States and central Canada. The adolescents reported daily or more thoughts of historical loss at rates similar to their female caretakers. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that our measure of perceived historical loss and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale were separate but related constructs. Regression analysis indicated that, even when controlling for family factors, perceived discrimination, and proximal negative life events, perceived historical loss had independent effects on adolescents' depressive symptoms. The construct of historical loss is discussed in terms of Indigenous ethnic cleansing and life course theory.
Studies on tissue culture plasminogen activator II. The detection and assay of urokinase and plasminogen activator from LLC-PK1 cultures (porcine) by the synthetic substrate Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl-glycyl-arginyl-4-methoxy-2-napthylamide

Abstract A new synthetic substrate, Nα-Benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl-glycyl-arginyl-4-methoxy-2-napthylamide (CBZ-glyglyarg-4MeO-βNA), is described for the routine assay of urokinase and porcine plasminogen activator. This new method for the assay of plasminogen activators is rapid, accurate and reproducible over a wide range of enzyme concentrations. It does not suffer the shortcomings and time consuming factors that are observed with esterase and fibrin plate or clot lysis techniques. The use of the substrate in in vitro tissue culture use is described and the CTA unit (Committee on Thrombolytic Agents) is defined in terms of the substrate characteristics.
Energy Efficient Systems and Strategies for Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) of Buildings

Abstract The heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems maintain and control temperature and humidity levels to provide an adequate indoor environment for people activity or for processing goods. The cost of operating an HVAC system can be significant in commercial buildings and in some industrial facilities. In the U.S., it is estimated that the energy used to operate HVAC systems can represent about 50% of the total electrical energy use in a typical commercial building (Krarti, 2000). It is therefore important that buildings designers recognize some of the characteristics of the HVAC systems and determine if any available design and operating options can be considered to improve the energy of these systems. A basic HVAC air distribution system consists of an air-handling unit with the following components as shown in Figure 1: •Dampers to control the amount of air to be distributed by the HVAC system including: outside air (OA) damper, return air (RA) damper, exhaust air (EA) damper, and...
Proton-ionizable crown compounds. 12. Proton-Coupled selective membrane transport of Li+ using a proton-ionizable pyridono macrocycle

The macrocycle-mediated fluxes of several alkali metal cations have been determined in a H2O-CH2Cl2-H2O liquid membrane system. Water-insoluble proton-ionizable macrocycles of the pyridono type were used. The proton-ionizable feature allows the coupling of cation transport to reverse H+ transport. This feature offers promise for the effective separation and/or concentration of alkali metal ions with the metal transport being driven by a pH gradient. A counter anion in the source phase is not co-transported. The desired separation of a particular metal ion involves its selective complexation with the macrocycle, subsequent extraction from the aqueous phase to the organic phase, and exchange for H+ at the organic phase-receiving phase interface. Factors affecting transport which were studied include ring size, source phase pH, and receiving phase pH. Lithium was transported at a rate higher than that of the other alkali metals in both single and competitive systems using a 15-crown-5 pyridono carrier.
The 21-hydroxylase-deficient adrenal hyperplasias: More than ACTH oversecretion

Twenty-one hydroxylase (21-OH)-deficient classic adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and nondassic adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH) are two of the most common genetic disorders known to man, yet the mechanism(s) resulting in steroid excess remains unclear. Overactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and increased ACTH secretion appear to be important mechanisms resulting in steroid excess in untreated patients, at least in the classic forms of the disorder. Nonetheless, most NCAH patients do not demonstrate overactivity of the HPA axis. A few of these patients may demonstrate a mild degree of ACTH hyper-responsiveness to corticotropin-releasing hormone stimulation, and up to 40% have radiologic evidence of adrenocortical hyperplasia and/or isolated adenomas, suggesting that some degree of chronic ACTH excess is present. Another mechanism resulting in adrenocortical excess in adrenal hyperplasia, and primarily in NCAH, follows the alteration in enzyme kinetics resulting from the mutation of 21-OH. The mutated enzyme product is less efficient than the wild type, resulting in an increased precursor to product ratio, independent of ACTH levels. Hence, progesterone (P4) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-HP) levels in these patients may remain above normal even in the presence of excess glucocorticoid administration. Overactivity of the renin-angiotensin system may also be important in stimulating adrenocortical steroidogenesis in patients with salt-wasting and in some unth simple virilizing CAH. Alterations in ovarian and gonadotropic function, with the appearance of a polycystic ovary-like picture, also contribute to the androgen excess of these patients. Functional ovarian abnormalities in patients with CAH or NCAH may relate to a number of causes, including prenatal masculinization of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis by adrenal androgens, continued disruption of the HPO axis by persistently elevated P4 or androgen levels, and/or a direct glucocorticoid effect. Finally, these data suggest that the measurement of P4 or 17-HP may not be the most accurate marker of therapeutic efficacy, and suppression of both the ovaries and adrenals may be necessary for optimum steroidogenic control.
Effects of Human α-Thrombin and 8Bromo-cAMP on Large and Microvessel Endothelial Monolayer Equivalent "Pore" Radii

Abstract Previous studies have reported that endothelial cells isolated from large vessels compared with microvessels from the same or distinct organs showed considerable phenotypic and biochemical heterogeneity. In the present study we extend these findings by comparison of the effects of 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8Br-cAMP), human α-thrombin. 8Br-cAMP followed 5 min later by thrombin or no treatment (control) on the equivalent "pore" radii ( r p ) of endothelial monolayers isolated from the main bovine pulmonary artery (BPAEC) compared with lung microvessels (BLMV). BLMV, isolated from a 1-cm peripheral segment of the lung, were significantly larger than those obtained from large vessels (1602 ± 142 μm 2 vs 398 ± 40 μm 2 , respectively). In addition, BLMV monolayers formed a heteroporous barrier with less size-selectivity compared with BPAEC monolayers. 8Br-cAMP caused monolayers of both cell types to close their large "pores" which completely restricted the passage of solute molecular radii > 35-60 A across these barriers, consistent with a r p of ∼75-100 A. This effect was due to a reduction in the area available for solute exchange ( A p ) and/or an increase in the path length of the transport pathway (Δ X ). Human α-thrombin produced an increase in the A p /Δ X consistent with the formation of large open areas between adjacent cells that exposed the ∼2000 A pore radius of the filter support. Since this effect was more marked in microvessel compared with large vessel monolayers, microvessel endothelial cells appear to be more sensitive to the effects of thrombin. Pretreatment of both monolayer cell types with 8Br-cAMP followed by thrombin produced permeability effects that were nearly identical to that of 8Br-cAMP alone. In conclusion, these data show that 8Br-cAMP and human α-thrombin produced dramatic and opposite changes in monolayer r p with similar responses from phenotypically distinct lung endothelial cells.
Toxicologic implications of the metabolism of thiram, dimethyldithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide mediated by hepatic cytochrome P450 isozymes in rats

Abstract These studies were conducted to identify the P450 isozymes participating in the metabolism of thiram (tetramethylthiuram disulfide) and its two metabolites DMDC (dimethyldithiocarbamate) and CS 2 (carbon disulfide), and to establish the relationship between the P450-mediated metabolism of these compounds and their possible hepatotoxic effects. These compounds were individually administered i.p. to normal rats at two equimolar doses (0.1 and 0.5 mmol/kg).The animals were sacrificed at 3 h after treatment to identify the inhibited isozymes, and at 24 h to determine the hepatic damage. The results indicated that only the higher dose of thiram inhibited the activities of CYP1A1 and 2B1 significantly at 3 h after treatment whereas CYP2E1 was depressed by both doses and CYP3A2 remained unaffected by either dose. At 24 h after treatment, higher dose of thiram significantly depressed only the CYP1A1 and 2E1 activities. Both CYP1A1 and 2E1 were inhibited by higher dose of DMDC, but there was no significant inhibition of CYP2B1 or 3A2 by DMDC at 3 h following treatment. Unlike thiram, DMDC did not affect the activity of any of the CYP isozymes at 24 h after treatment. At 3 h post-treatment, although the higher dose of CS 2 significantly inhibited CYP1A1, 2B1, 2E1, and 3A2, the lower dose decreased the activities of only CYP1A1, 2B1, and 2E1. On the other hand, CS 2 increased the activities of CYP1A1, 2B1, and 2E1 at 24 h following treatment with no effect on CYP3A2. It is further observed from the results that only thiram at higher dose caused liver damage as measured by a significant increase in the activities of SDH and ALT. The results suggest that CYP1A1, 2B1, and 2E1 appear to be mostly involved in the metabolism of these compounds, and among them only thiram is hepatotoxic.
Over half a century of playing with inkblots and other wondrous pursuits.

This invited autobiography focuses on the highlights in the career of a psychologist who has devoted over a half century to personality assessment, among other lifetime pursuits. Beginning with an introduction to my early years growing up in Chicago, the story continues through World War II when, as a naval officer, I developed a late-blooming interest in coping behavior and reactions to stress. As with many other postwar graduate students, inkblots held a particular fascination for me as an indirect means of assessing personality and psychopathology through perception. A successful dissertation followed by fellowships and grants over several decades made possible the development of the Holtzman Inkblot Technique (HIT). Published in 1961 by the Psychological Corporation, the HIT consists of two parallel forms containing 45 test blots each. It has been used in hundreds of research studies and in clinical practice as an alternative to the Rorschach throughout the world. In addition to work on the HIT, I des...
Prevalence of Exposure to Hidden/Undeclared Wheat

Background: Wheat is one of the eight major food allergens in the U.S., and yet few studies have been conducted on wheat as an allergen, possibly because allergic reactions are primarily not life threatening. Exposure to undeclared/hidden wheat in food is a concern, not only for those who are allergic, but also to those with celiac disease, because it is used so widely in our culture. Objective: To quantify the prevalence of exposure to undeclared/hidden wheat when dining in a restaurant or other foodservice establishment. Methods: An online survey with 34 questions was developed and online food allergy organizations, online forums, and allergy clinics were contacted to have their members or clients complete the survey. Participants must have a wheat allergy or intolerance or have (a) child(ren) who have a wheat allergy or intolerance. Minimum age for participants was 18 years old with no maximum age, and the target number of participants was between 300–400 people. Results: This study showed that exposur...
FILM THICKNESS DEPENDENCE OF HEAT TRANSMISSION INTO HELIUM

A heater is pulsed at the interface between a sapphire crystal and an adsorbed 4He film. For short pulses, the amount of heat absorbed by the film saturates when the film thickness reaches a few layers, just as observed in phonon reflection experiments. For longer pulses, however, there is little difference between thin film and vacuum results, while substantial heat is transferred to the bulk liquid.
Separation of protoplasts from mycelial fragments with a simple filtration device

A simple filtration device was developed to obtain pure protoplasts. Pure protoplasts, free of mycelial fragments, are required for biological manipulation of protoplasts. The filtration device can also be used to separate fungal conidia, isolated nuclei, or DNA from mycelial fragments for further purification and manipulation.
Permeation of Gasoline, Diesel, Bioethanol (E85), and Biodiesel (B20) Fuels Through Six Glove Materials

Biofuels and conventional fuels differ in terms of their evaporation rates, permeation rates, and exhaust emissions, which can alter exposures of workers, especially those in the fuel refining and distribution industries. This study investigated the permeation of biofuels (bioethanol 85%, biodiesel 20%) and conventional petroleum fuels (gasoline and diesel) through gloves used in occupational settings (neoprene, nitrile, and Viton) and laboratories (latex, nitrile, and vinyl), as well as a standard reference material (neoprene sheet). Permeation rates and breakthrough times were measured using the American Society for Testing and Materials F739-99 protocol, and fuel and permeant compositions were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In addition, we estimated exposures for three occupational scenarios and recommend chemical protective clothing suitable for use with motor fuels. Permeation rates and breakthrough times depended on the fuel-glove combination. Gasoline had the highest permeation r...
Analysis of a Multi-Layered Spherical Head Impact Model

The development of adequate protection against head injury requires a thorough knowledge of the mechanics of trauma to an unprotected head. Impact to multi-layered spherical head models are analyzed with an elastic skull, elastic tables and elastic-plastic diploe skull, and elastic tables and crushable foam diploe skull. All models have a hydrodynamic brain model. The energy absorbing skull models yield highly attenuated and smoothed tensile pressure peaks in the brain as compared to the elastic skull model. The generality of the solution technique would readily permit extension of the analyses to investigate impact to a head protected by a multi-layered helmet.