cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PERIODIC PAEALYSIS OCCURRING IN THE COURSE OF EXOPHTHALMIC GOITER

Dunlap and Kepler (1) recently reported four patients with exophthalmic goiter who were subject to attacks clinically identical with those seen in the syndrome known as “familial periodic paralysis.” This condition was said to be characterized by hereditary transmission, periodicity, confinement to the motor portion of the nervous system, electrical changes, and by the apparent good health of the patient in the interval. During a typical attack the patient presents total or partial flaccid paralysis of the extremities and at times of the muscles of the trunk and neck. Paralysis begins in the proximal portion of the limb, progresses distally, and disappears gradually in reverse order to that in which it came on. Nothing is known of the cause of this condition. Charcot (2) is credited with being the first to describe the occurrence of paraparesis and paraplegia in the course of Basedow’s disease. Mobius (3), too, was familiar with the symptom-complex, and Oppenheim (4) reports the statement made to him by S...
Spindle Position Is Coordinated with Cell-Cycle Progression through Establishment of Mitotic Exit-Activating and -Inhibitory Zones

How spatial information is translated into a chemical signal is a fundamental problem in all organisms. The spindle position checkpoint is a prime example of this problem. This checkpoint senses spindle position and, in budding yeast, inhibits the mitotic exit network (MEN), a signaling pathway that promotes exit from mitosis. We find that spindle position is sensed by a system composed of MEN-inhibitory and -activating zones and a sensor that moves between them. The MEN inhibitory zone is located in the mother cell, the MEN-activating zone in the bud, and the spindle pole body (SPB), where the components of the MEN reside, functions as the sensor. Only when an SPB escapes the MEN inhibitor Kin4 in the mother cell and moves into the bud where the MEN activator Lte1 resides can exit from mitosis occur. In this manner, spatial information is sensed and translated into a chemical signal.
Is there a maser in the silicon monoxide ground state

Observations are reported of weak emission from the ground vibrational state of SiO in the Orion molecular cloud. It is shown that this emission has a rather smooth low-intensity profile extending over a large velocity range and is present at velocities where maser emissions from the first and second vibrational states are absent. Based on this difference, the present emission is interpreted as thermal emission in the ground state in regions where there is insufficient excitation to produce the vibrationally excited masers. Possible origins are considered for the Orion SiO maser, and it is noted that only VY CMa shows a profile that could be interpreted as ground-state maser emission.
W. B. Yeats, Space, and Cultural Nationalism

(2001). W. B. Yeats, Space, and Cultural Nationalism. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 14, No. 4, pp. 55-67.
Efficacy Trial of a Selective Prevention Program Targeting Both Eating Disorders and Obesity among Female College Students: 1- and 2-Year Follow-Up Effects.

Objective Evaluate the effects of a prevention program targeting both eating disorders and obesity at 1- and 2-year follow-ups.
A Facile Stereoselective Synthesis of Ether-Linked β-D-Maltosyl- and β-D-Lactosyl-glycerolipids via Peracetylated Disaccharide α-Phosphoramidates

Abstract The reaction of 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycerol with 2,3,6,2′,3′,4′,6′-hepta-O-acetyl-α-lactosylphosphoramidate or α-maltosylphos-phoramidate in the presence of trimethylsilyl triflate and molecular sieves afforded 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-3-O-(2,3,6,2′,3′,4′,6′-hepta-O-acetyl-β-lactosyl)-sn-glycerolipid or β-maltosyl-sn-glycerolipid stereoselectively in moderate yields after column chromatography. Alkaline hydrolysis of the O-peracetyl glycerolipids gave the desired β-glycolipids 1 and 2.
Rous Sarcoma Virus Nucleotide Sequences in Cellular DNA: Measurement by RNA-DNA Hybridization

Kinetic analysis of the hybridization of 71S RNA from Prague strain of Rous sarcoma virus with an excess of DNA from virus induced sarcomas indicated the presence of the majority of the viral genome sequences in cellular DNA with a very low average frequency per cell. About one-third of the viral sequences were at least partially complementary to DNA sequences with a higher average frequency on the order of 50 to 100 per cell. Normal chick embryo DNA was distinctly different, but contained sequences at least partially homologous to some fraction of the viral RNA.
Current and Emerging Research Needs in Studying the NYC HIV–Drug Use Epidemic

As we begin the fourth decade of the epidemic, it is clear that, as demonstrated by the articles in this Special Issue, much has been learned about factors contributing to the decline in HIV prevalence among drug users in New York. However, there are a number of outstanding research questions that remain or are emerging. Following is a summary of some of the topics requiring further research. While this summary does not represent a comprehensive list, it is based on many of the questions raised in the articles in this Special Issue and identifies some of the directions to be investigated during the next decade.
Differences in inflammatory markers between nulliparous women admitted to hospitals in preactive vs active labor

Objective To determine whether labor-associated inflammatory markers differ between low-risk, nulliparous women in preactive vs active labor at hospital admission and over time. Study Design Prospective comparative study of low-risk, nulliparous women with spontaneous labor onset at term (n = 118) sampled from 2 large Midwestern hospitals. Circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers were measured at admission and again 2 and 4 hours later: namely, neutrophil, and monocyte counts; and serum inflammatory cytokines (interleukin -1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10) and chemokines (interleukin-8). Biomarker concentrations and their patterns of change over time were compared between preactive (n = 63) and active (n = 55) labor admission groups using Mann-Whitney U tests. Results Concentrations of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in the active labor admission group were significantly higher than concentrations in the preactive labor admission group at all 3 time points. Neutrophil levels were significantly higher in the active group at 2 and 4 hours after admission. The rate of increase in neutrophils and interleukin-10 between admission and 2 hours later was faster in the active group ( P P = .003, respectively). Conclusion Circulating concentrations of several inflammatory biomarkers are higher and their rate of change over time since admission is faster among low-risk, nulliparous women admitted to hospitals in active labor, as compared with those admitted in preactive labor. More research is needed to determine if progressive changes in inflammatory biomarkers might be a useful adjunct to improving the assessment of labor progression and determining the optimal timing of labor admission.
Comparison of group delays of 2f1−f2 distortion product otoacoustic emissions and cochlear travel times

To help elucidate how distortion-product otoacoustic emissions propagate from their cochlear sites of origin to the middle ear, their group delays were compared with basilar-membrane and organ of Corti travel times measured in guinea pig, gerbil, and chinchilla.
The quenched approximation in some two-dimensional field theories

Abstract We investigate the effect of suppressing closed fermion loops (the quenched approximation) in some (1 + 1)-dimensional field theories. In the Schwinger and Thirring models we find that effects of fermion loops on bound state masses can be absorbed in a rescaling of the coupling constant. In the Schwinger model an extra (decoupled) massless ghost appears and the order parameter 〈 ψ ψ〉 becomes infrared divergent. In an extension of the Schwinger model we compute effective lagrangians for the bound state spectrum in the quenched and unquenched case that look rather different.
How amino-acid insertions are allowed in an alpha-helix of T4 lysozyme

Studies of extant protein sequences indicate that amino-acid insertions and deletions are preferentially located in loop regions, which has traditionally been explained as the result of selection removing deleterious mutations within secondary structural elements from the population. But there is no a priori reason to discount the possibility that insertions within secondary structure could either be tolerated until compensatory mutations arise, or have effects that are propagated away from secondary structure into loops. Earlier studies have indicated that insertions are generally tolerated, although much less well within secondary structure elements than in loop regions. Here we show that amino-acid insertions in an alpha-helix of T4 lysozyme can be accepted in two different ways. In some cases the inserted amino acids are accommodated within the helix, leading to the translocation of wild-type residues from the helix to the preceding loop. In other cases the insertion causes a 'looping-out' in the first or last turn of the helix. The individual structural responses seem to be dominated by the maintenance of the interface between the helix and the rest of the protein.
Calcium-channel blockers as adjuvant therapy postthrombolysis.

Following successful thrombolytic therapy for evolving acute myocardial infarction, the inevitable process of transmural necrosis is favorably altered in a majority of patients, resulting in an aborted, or interrupted,myocardial infarction. Presumably, such myocardial salvage results in an «incomplete» infarction, which is often associated with a patent (but residually stenotic) infarct-related coronary artery. In this regard, the acute myocardial infarction successfully reperfused with thrombolytic therapy resembles non-Q-wave infarction
An Innovative Approach for Curcumin Delivery for Breast Cancer Using Albumin Nanoparticles

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for ∼25% of breast cancer among premenopausal African-American and Latino women1. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane; CCM), a natural polyphenol extracted from turmeric, has chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity in various cancers 2,3 and inhibits growth and invasion of TNBC/basal-like MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells 4. CCM has been reported to affect all stages of tumor progression and metastases due to its interactions with multiple targets. We employ a novel approach utilizing both computational and experimental modeling to characterize and analyze TNBC and the 3D tumor microenvironment responses to albumin bound CCM particles (ACP) versus CCM alone.© 2013 ASME
Study on simulating test of total electric field of double-circuit DC transmission line

Double-circuit DC transmission lines will been built in China to increase transmission capacity of corridor. There is no practical precedent of double-circuit DC transmission lines in the world, so electromagnetic environment of the line needs to be studied to provide technical foundation of engineering design. Simulating test of total electric field and corona current of double-circuit DC transmission Line are carryed out by using simulating line. The characteristics of lateral distribution of the total electric field at ground, the relative magnitude relationship of the electric field and corona current in various scenarios of pole conductor arrangement are obtained. Priority order of pole conductor arrangement scenarios to reduce total electric field at ground , high electric field area, corridor width and corona loss, are given.
A Response to Eugene and Kiyo’s Dialogue-Disagreement on Dialogic Pedagogy

Thank you for asking me to respond to the text that you have created, Eugene and Kiyo. I will write about the “freedom from,” which Eugene raises and which Kiyo addresses at the end of the text. Kiyo points out that when the teacher’s primary active engagement with the learner is to respect the learner’s freedom from, then ‘engaging with others actively to facilitate their learning and the development of their agency’ (pedagogy itself) is hindering the development of self-generated authorship (or making people responsive).
X-ray standing wave investigation of the surface structure of selenite anions adsorbed on calcite

The adsorption of selenite ions (SeO2−3) from a dilute aqueous solution onto a freshly-cleaved calcite (1014) surface was studied with the X-ray standing wave (XSW) technique. The complex ion SeO2−3 is found to selectively adsorb at the CO2−3 site via ionic exchange, forming a two-dimensional solid-solution of the form Ca(SeO3)x(CO3)1 − x at the interface. The calcite (1014), (0006) and (1120) Bragg reflections were used to triangulate the Se position with respect to the calcite lattice. The local surface structure at the SeO2−3 adsorbate site, derived from the XSW results, is consistent with a model in which the base of the SeO2−3 trigonal pyramid aligns with (and replaces) the CO2−3 equilateral triangular group. The SeO2−3 adsorption saturated at a coverage of 0.02 monolayers. Under identical chemical conditions, selenate (SeO2−4) adsorption was inhibited.
Rapid Lateral Load Testing of Deep Foundations

This paper describes a method of conducting rapid lateral loading tests of deep foundations in which the load is applied to the foundation with a time duration of less than one second. For purposes of this paper the loading is applied using a pyrotechnic loading system commonly referred to as Statnamic. However, the method should apply to any lateral loading system which produces a force time history with a loading duration of 20 msec to 1 second. The test provides a measure of the dynamic and static response of the soil/foundation system and must be evaluated as a dynamic loading. Interpretation of the test includes a simple single degree of freedom (SDOF) model which can account for the inertial effects of foundation mass, system damping, and static foundation stiffness. The results of the test measurements are compared with four case histories in which comparative static load test data are available, including pile group foundations and large diameter drilled shaft foundations.
Electronic Structures of Nitridomanganese(V) Complexes

The single-crystal polarized absorption and circular dichroism spectra of the nitridomanganese(V) complexes (salen)Mn⋮N (1), (1S,2S-(−)-saldpen)Mn⋮N (2), and (1R,2R-(+)-saldpen)Mn⋮N (3) have been measured [salen = N,N‘-ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato) dianion, 1S,2S-(−)-saldpen = N,N‘-(1S,2S-(−)-diphenyl)ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato) dianion, and 1R,2R-(+)-saldpen = N,N‘-(1R,2R-(+)-diphenyl)ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato) dianion]. As revealed by X-ray crystal structure analyses, these molecules have a distorted square-pyramidal geometry with a short Mn⋮N bond distance (1.52(3) A for 2). The Cs compounds have a low-spin^ 1A‘[a‘(x^2 − y^2)]^2 ground state. The lowest absorption system (∼600 nm) consists of two components that are separated by approximately 4000 cm^(-1); these are assigned to ^1A‘ → ^1A‘[a‘(x^2 − y^2)a‘(yz)] (14 900 cm^(-1)) and ^1A‘ → ^1A‘‘[a‘(x^2 − y^2)a‘‘(xz)] (18 900 cm^(-1)) transitions.
Generation of fertile and fecund F0 XY female mice from XY ES cells

Known examples of male to female sex reversal in mice are caused by either strain incompatibilities or mutations in genes required for male sex determination. The resultant XY females are often sterile or exhibit very poor fertility. We describe here embryonic stem (ES) cell growth conditions that promote the production of healthy, anatomically normal fertile and fecund female F0 generation mice completely derived from gene-targeted XY male ES cells. The sex reversal is a transient trait that is not transmitted to the F1 progeny. Growth media with low osmolality and reduced sodium bicarbonate, maintained throughout the gene targeting process, enhance the yield of XY females. As a practical application of the induced sex reversal, we demonstrate the generation of homozygous mutant mice ready for phenotypic studies by the breeding of F0 XY females with their isogenic XY male clonal siblings, thereby eliminating one generation of breeding and the associated costs.
Effect of temperature change on the tolerance of isolated contracting cardiac muscle to hypoxia.

Abstract The effects of graded temperature changes on tolerance to hypoxia are evaluated in isometrically contracting isolated muscle preparations from the rat. After equilibration at 28 °C, the temperature was changed to either 21 ° or 35 °C. Mechanical performance was measured after temperature change, during 60 min of hypoxia at a given temperature and a subsequent 30 min-period of reoxygenation at 28 °C. Performance as measured by (1) developed tension, (2) contracture tension, and (3) recovery on reoxygenation was diminished by raising temperature to 35 °C during hypoxia while no change in tolerance was demonstrated by lowering temperature from 28 ° to 21 °C.
Flavour mixing, rare decays, CP violation and the columbus paradigm

Abstract The presently available information on the numerical size of the KM parameters V(cb), V(ub), V(td), V(ts) and on m t is listed. Decays that are absolutely forbidden in the Standard Model like K L → e μ or B → e μ K are briefly reviewed with respect to the bounds they place now or will be able to place in the future on New Physics. Those decays that can proceed due to radiative corrections in the Standard Model like radiative K, D or B decays among others are discussed in some detail emphasizing the progress we are making both in narrowing down the theoretical uncertainties and in approaching the required experimental sensitivity level. I stress the importance of analysing both B d − B d and B s − B s mixing in a detailed way; in the latter case this requires tracking the decay rate evolution in proper time. The present status of CP violation as characterized by ϵK, ϵ′/ϵ K and D N is addressed. Finally an outlook is presented on future searches for CP violation in the decays of both K as well as B (and D) hadrons.
Determination of gasoline range, diesel range, and mineral oil range organics in soils and water by flame lonization gas chromatography

This article describes a method for the determination of gasoline range, diesel range, and mineral oil range organics in soils and water. It represents the culmination of a series of efforts to go beyond typical GRO and DRO methodology currently available in the literature to include a quantitative determination of mineral oil organics having a boiling range up to C44. It also is the result of an attempt to develop a cost‐effective method that enables the analyst to quantify three different types of hydrocarbon components in one GC run under conditions without a concentration step. Method performance is comparable to that of current protocols for GRO and DRO determinations and validated further by comparisons to certified standards and in‐house standards. Accuracy as percentage recovery for GRO in water is 82 to 84 and 91 to 92% for soils. Accuracy as percentage recovery for MRO in water is 84 to 102 and 75 to 80% for soils. Accuracy as percentage recovery for DRO in water is 78 to 100 and 71 to 90% for s...
Sexism in Education.

(1978). Sexism in Education. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 51, No. 8, pp. 388-391.
SU‐E‐T‐486: Evaluation of the Fisher‐Kolmogorov Glioma Growth Model for Radiotherapy Target Delineation

Purpose: Gliomas infiltrate the adjacent brain parenchyma far beyond the tumor mass visible on current imaging modalities. In current clinical practice, an isotropic margin is applied to account for infiltrative disease. However, histopathology suggests that glioma growth is anisotropic: (1) the ventricles and the falx represent barriers for migrating tumor cells; (2) gray matter is infiltrated less than white matter; and (3) glioma cells appear to preferentially spread along white matter fibers. Developing objective and quantitative approaches to account for these growth patterns may improve and automate target delineation for gliomas. Methods: We study the Fisher‐Kolmogorov glioma growth model, which represents a partial differential equation for the tumor cell density and replicates the observed growth characteristics. Via brain segmentation into anatomical barriers, cerebrospinal fluid, and white and gray matter, the model equations are solved on the patient‐specific anatomy. Preferential spread along white matter fibers is incorporated through DTI imaging. The radiotherapy target can be defined as an isoline of the derived tumor cell density. We performed a retrospective study involving 10 glioblastoma patients to (1) identify the anatomical situations for which the model suggests target volumes that differ from the manually drawn targets, and (2) fully understand the capabilities and limitations of the model for target delineation. Results: It was found that tumors located close to the corpus callosum potentially benefited the most from model‐based target delineation because it consistently predicted the contralateral tumor extension across the corpus callosum in addition to easily modeling falx and ventricles as boundaries. Furthermore, for tumors located close to major sulci (Sylvian fissure), modeling reduced gray matter infiltration can potentially reduce the amount of brain tissue targeted for irradiation. Conclusion: The tumor growth model represents a promising tool to objectively create target volumes for radiotherapy of gliomas by consistently accounting for known growth patterns.
Adjustment to Changes in Sexual Functioning Following Spinal Cord Injury: The Contribution of Men’s Adherence to Scripts for Sexual Potency

Recent epidemiological statistics suggest approximately 250,000 people in the United States live with a spinal cord injury. Men constitute roughly 82% of these individuals. Following spinal cord injury, men frequently experience significant changes in their sexual functioning. As a result, men with spinal cord injuries are at an increased risk for experiencing adjustment difficulties. Unfortunately, relatively little is known about factors that promote or impede men’s adjustment to these changes. In the present article, the authors highlight how men’s adherence to gender scripts for sexual potency may contribute to their adjustment following a spinal cord injury. To organize the discussion, the authors review related literature and, through case examples, illustrate how men’s adherence to this gender norm may influence their post-injury mental health. Directions for gender-sensitive interventions and future clinical research are provided.
Nursing in the New Millenium: Touching Patients' Lives Through Computers

Common nursing functions, previously done in face-to-face interactions, are beginning to be done using computer interactions, thus changing the work environment of nurses. This paper reports experiences from a series of projects about the potential impact of electronic care delivery systems on nurses' work systems. Nurses' attitudes towards technology, values central to nursing practice and nursing functional roles are important factors to consider when designing computerized nursing care delivery systems.
Subthreshold current mode matrix determinant computation for analog signal processing

The matrix determinant computation system (MDCS) is developed in subthreshold current-mode for an analog signal processing. By utilizing the translinear loop principle and the novel differential architecture, the MDCS can perform accurate addition, subtraction, and multiplication in analog domain. The system computes a 2-by-2 and 3-by-3 determinant with 91 % accuracy and a 3 kHz input can be handled while consuming 110.05μW. The overall system is fabricated on a 0.18μm CMOS technology and the area is 500μm × 800μm.
Unified theory of nuclear rotations

Abstract The nuclear Hamiltonian is expressed in terms of the total angular momentum variables, and of intrinsic particle coordinates by means of a contact transformation. The intrinsic structure is approximated by a Hartree-Fock solution, and the Coriolis coupling diagonalized by admitting particle-hole excitations. It is shown that in this approximation, the rotational energy takes the conventional form, as given by the “unified” model, the moment of inertia being determined by a self-consistent “cranking” formula. This, and corresponding results for matrix elements of multipole operators substantiate the validity of the more intuitive procedures based on the unified model and on the use of single particle orbitals in deformed potential wells.
Nanocomposites structures based on the electrochemical assembling of zinc oxide nanorods and carbon nanotubes

Abstract We report two electrochemical routes to obtain composites structures at nanometric scale with zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The first route is based in the electroprecipitation of ZnO NRs with CNTs dispersed in the electrolyte on ITO electrodes while the second one is based on the electroprecipitation of ZnO NRs on CNTs paper electrodes. CNTs paper has been obtained by pressing CNTs, which then can acts as a pure working electrode. The results obtained are preliminary discussed taking into account the electroprecipitation phenomenon assisted by hydrodynamic regime and the electrical contact between ZnO NRs and CNTs and electron transfer kinetic.
Expression of Vibrio vulnificus Capsular Polysaccharide Inhibits Biofilm Formation

Vibrio vulnificus is a human pathogen that produces lethal septicemia in susceptible persons, and the primary virulence factor for this organism is capsular polysaccharide (CPS). The role of the capsule in V. vulnificus biofilms was examined under a variety of conditions, by using either defined CPS mutants or spontaneous CPS expression phase variants derived from multiple strains. CPS expression was shown to inhibit attachment and biofilm formation, which contrasted with other studies describing polysaccharides as integral to biofilms in related species.
A state–space approach to calculating the Beveridge–Nelson decomposition

Abstract A state–space approach provides a general unified framework for calculation of the Beveridge–Nelson decomposition for a wide variety of time series models, including all univariate and vector ARIMA models.
Global approach to reducing lead exposure and poisoning

Lead poisoning is an important environmental disease that can have life-long adverse health effects. Most susceptible are children, and most commonly exposed are those who are poor and live in developing countries. Studies of children's blood-lead levels (BLLs) are showing cognitive impairment at increasingly lower BLLs. Lead is dangerous at all levels in children. The sources of lead exposure vary among and within countries depending on past and current uses. Sources of lead may be from historic contamination, recycling old lead products, or from manufacturing new products. In all countries that have banned leaded gasoline, average population BLLs have declined rapidly. In many developing countries where leaded gasoline is no longer used, many children and workers are exposed to fugitive emissions and mining wastes. Unexpected lead threats, such as improper disposal of electronics and children's toys contaminated with lead, continue to emerge. The only medical treatment available is chelation, which can save lives of persons with very high BLLs. However, chelating drugs are not always available in developing countries and have limited value in reducing the sequelae of chronic low dose lead exposure. Therefore, the best approach is to prevent exposure to lead. Because a key strategy for preventing lead poisoning is to identify and control or eliminate lead sources, this article highlights several major sources of lead poisoning worldwide. In addition, we recommend three primary prevention strategies for lead poisoning: identify sources, eliminate or control sources, and monitor environmental exposures and hazards.
Adaptive pulse compression

Pulse compression is essentially an estimation procedure in which the complex amplitude for a given range cell is to be estimated while mitigating the interference from neighboring range cells that results from the convolution of the transmitted waveform with the range swath of interest. Traditionally, matched filtering is employed to estimate the range returns whereby the neighboring range cells are suppressed by a fixed amount that is dictated by the range sidelobes of the matched filter. However, matched filtering is a misnomer in that the receive filter is matched only to the transmitted waveform and not to the actual received signal. The paper extends the previously proposed reiterative minimum mean-square error (RMMSE) algorithm for adaptive pulse compression whereby the true matched filter for each individual range cell is estimated based upon the actual received signal resulting in range sidelobes that are adaptively suppressed to the level of the noise floor. The convergence of the RMMSE algorithm is addressed along with the Doppler tolerance.
Finite metacyclic groups acting on bordered surfaces

A group is called metacyclic in case both its commutator subgroup and commutator quotient group are cyclic. Thus a metacyclic group is a cyclic extension of a cyclic group, and metacyclic groups are among the best understood of the nonabelian groups. Many interesting groups are metacyclic. For instance, the dihedral groups and the “odd” dicyclic groups are metacyclic; see [4, pp. 9–11] for more examples. Here we shall consider the actions of these groups on bordered Klein surfaces.
Deathbed Phenomena: Its Role in Peaceful Death and Terminal Restlessness

Dying patients and their caregivers frequently experience that which is known as deathbed phenomena, that is, visions of past deceased relatives or friends, religious figures, and a visionary language pertaining to travel. Collective research supports mounting evidence that deathbed visions typically yield peaceful deaths. Yet within the literature, numerous hospice patients experience the symptoms of terminal restlessness and frequently succumb to anguished deaths. Why are some patients and caregivers guided by peaceful deathbed phenomena and others are not? Does a relationship exist between the lack of deathbed phenomena and the onset of terminal restlessness in dying patients? This clinical paper intends to answer these questions and might elucidate the factors that contribute to a dying patient's death ending as either a peaceful event or the one affected by terminal restlessness. This knowledge gained could lessen the occurrence of anguished deaths and perhaps change our way of viewing dying.
Superordinate identity in cross-functional product development teams: Its antecedents and effect on new product performance

This research examines the role of team-based superordinate identity in influencing new product performance. The author also studies how several team-related factors affect superordinate identity and, through this psychological bond, influence new product performance. The findings, based on a sample of 118 teams, reveal that superordinate identity indeed enhances the performance of the new product developed by a team. Traditional group factors such as task interdependence and physical proximity do not play any role in influencing either superordinate identity or new product performance. Team longevity improves superordinate identity but has no effect on new product performance. Instead, a special team structure (i.e., high autonomy and outcome interdependence) improves both superordinate identity and new product performance. If interdepartmental connectedness in the firm is high, there is a reduced need for high autonomy in the team. Finally, the characteristics of the special team structure influence new product performance only through superordinate identity.
Anion Binding Modes in meso-Substituted Hexapyrrolic Calix[4]pyrrole Isomers

We report on the synthesis of a new receptor for anions, meso-substituted hexapyrrolic calix[4]pyrrole 1. The calix[4]pyrrole’s core features two additional pyrrole side-arms suspended above or below the calix[4]pyrrole core. This hexapyrrolic calix[4]pyrrole 1 is formed as cis- and trans-configurational isomers, the structures of which have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The anion binding experiments revealed interesting difference in the binding mode: The cis-1 isomer binds anions in a mixed binding mode featuring a combination of hydrogen bonding and anion−π interactions resulting in an unexpected strong binding. On the other hand, the trans-1 isomer displays only hydrogen bonding and lower affinity for anions. This is unexpected as one would assume both isomers to display the same binding modes. Overall, the titrations of 1 using UV spectrophotometry and NMR titrations by anions reveal that cis-isomer 1 displays higher affinity (105–106 M–1) and cross-reactivity for anions, while...
Sex-steroid regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in breast cancer

Angiogenesis is a key event, which occurs in both normal and pathological expansion of tissues and provides the nourishment necessary for growth. The role of angiogenic growth factors in breast pathologyisrapidlygainingrecognitionsincescientistsandcliniciansrealizedthatthesefactorscould functionasmoleculartargetsevent550209822forcontrollingtumorexpansion.Vascularendothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis. Although significant advances have been made in understanding the sex-steroid-dependent regulation of this key factor, the role of VEGF in controllingbreasttumorsisnotwellunderstood.Inthisreview,Idiscussrecentstudiesdescribingthe role of the female sex steroids estrogens and progestins in the regulation of VEGF in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, I present a summary of recent studies from other biological systems (mainly focusedontumorbiology)directedtowardsprovidinguswithabetterunderstandingoftheregulation ofclassical VEGFandVEGFreceptors. Iproposethat by extendingsuchstudies wewillgaindeeper insights into how we might combat the progression of breast cancer by controlling hormonedependent angiogenesis within tumor tissue. I believe that information gained from such studies will permitustotargetangiogenicgrowthfactorsandtheirinitiatedsignaltransductionpathwaysinamore preciseand selective manner, and thereby to control the formation of new blood vessels that fuel the rapid growth of breast tumors. Finally, it is my hope that the concepts discussed here will help elucidatemoleculartargetsinthehormone-dependentangiogenesispathwaythatwillultimatelyallow ustoovercomeanti-hormoneresistanceandtoprovideinsightsintohowwemightpursuetheconcept of chemoprevention by considering ‘angioprevention’ as the end point. Endocrine-Related Cancer (2006) 13 667‐687
Does Adolescent Family Structure Predict Military Enlistment? A Comparison of Post–High School Activities:

This article investigates the link between adolescent family structure and the likelihood of military enlistment in young adulthood as compared with alternative post–high school activities. The authors use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and multinomial logistic regression analyses to compare the odds of military enlistment with college attendance or labor force involvement. They find that alternative family structures predict enlistment relative to college attendance. Living in a single-parent household during adolescence increased odds of military enlistment, but the effect is accounted for by socioeconomic status and early feelings of social isolation. Living with a stepparent or with neither biological parent more than doubles the odds of enlistment, independent of socioeconomic status, characteristics of parent–child relationships, or feelings of social isolation. Although college attendance is widely promoted as a valued post–high school activity, military service may ...
Dexamethasone for ocular inflammation

Introduction: Corticosteroids, administered systemically and periocularly, have long been used to treat intermediate and posterior segment noninfectious uveitis. In addition to systemic immunosuppressive medications, these therapies are used to reduce inflammation, prevent structural complications and prevent long-term visual loss in patients with uveitis. While systemic immunosuppressive therapies carry their own set of side effects, treatment with local steroids is associated with the risk of development of cataract and glaucoma. Areas covered: Intravitreal delivery of fluocinolone acetonide via a sustained-release implant (Retisert) was approved by the FDA in 2005 for the treatment of noninfectious intermediate and posterior uveitis. Recently, the FDA also approved the biodegradable dexamethasone implant (Ozurdex) for the treatment of noninfectious uveitis involving the posterior segment. Expert opinion: The single injection, 26-week data indicate that the implant is well tolerated and produces meaning...
Molecular evolution of protein-RNA mimicry as a mechanism for translational control

Elongation factor P (EF-P) is a conserved ribosome-binding protein that structurally mimics tRNA to enable the synthesis of peptides containing motifs that otherwise would induce translational stalling, including polyproline. In many bacteria, EF-P function requires post-translational modification with (R)-β-lysine by the lysyl-tRNA synthetase paralog PoxA. To investigate how recognition of EF-P by PoxA evolved from tRNA recognition by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, we compared the roles of EF-P/PoxA polar contacts with analogous interactions in a closely related tRNA/synthetase complex. PoxA was found to recognize EF-P solely via identity elements in the acceptor loop, the domain of the protein that interacts with the ribosome peptidyl transferase center and mimics the 3'-acceptor stem of tRNA. Although the EF-P acceptor loop residues required for PoxA recognition are highly conserved, their conservation was found to be independent of the phylogenetic distribution of PoxA. This suggests EF-P first evolved tRNA mimicry to optimize interactions with the ribosome, with PoxA-catalyzed aminoacylation evolving later as a secondary mechanism to further improve ribosome binding and translation control.
Walking the Walk from Genes through Telomere Maintenance to Cancer Risk

Recent studies have shown associations between human population single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and white blood cell telomere shortness; independently, telomere shortness has been associated with higher risks of various cancers. However, no single previous study simultaneously linked a given SNP both with telomere length and reduced risk of cancer. In this issue of the journal (beginning on page 514), Gu and colleagues report four new SNPs associated, in three cohorts, with telomere length. One of these SNPs predicted risk for bladder cancer, an effect partially mediated by telomere length. Interventions that could forestall telomere shortening should be explored for their potential to reduce cancer risks.
A Political Economy of Regulatory Failure in US Packaged Food Markets

An increasing number of consumers are seeking to lead healthier lives by eating more healthful foods. In the United States, however, some are unknowingly consuming foods that are less healthful and...
The New Left and American Foreign Policy during the Age of Normalcy: A Re-examination

Recent years have seen the so-called New Left school of historiography cut a wide swath through the study of American diplomacy. Reacting at least in part to the exigencies of the Vietnam War, as well as to older schools of diplomatic history, its adherents have molded a point of view that has emphasized economic factors as the driving force in American foreign policy. In this essay. Dr. Braeman focuses on the 1920s, a crucial decade in New Left thinking. After probing the intellectual origins of this school of thought, he brings historical statistics to bear in his analysis of American investment abroad, the conduct of American policymakers, and the contending interpretations of American foreign policy.
Slope failure and volcanic spreading along the submarine south flank of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii

[1] New multichannel reflection data and high-resolution bathymetry over the submarine slopes of Kilauea volcano provide evidence for current and prior landsliding, suggesting a dynamic interplay among slope failure, regrowth, and volcanic spreading. Disrupted strata along the upper reaches of Kilauea's flank denote a coherent slump, correlated with the active Hilina slump. The slump comprises mostly slope sediments, underlain by a detachment 3–5 km deep. Extension and subsidence along the upper flank is compensated by uplift and folding of the slump toe, which surfaces about midway down the submarine flank. Uplift of strata forming Papa`u seamount and offset of surface features along the western boundary of Kilauea indicate that the slump has been displaced ∼3 km in a south-southeast direction. This trajectory matches coseismic and continuous ground displacements for the Hilina slump block on land, and contrasts with the southeast vergence of the rest of the creeping south flank. To the northeast, slope sediments are thinned and disrupted within a recessed region of the central flank, demonstrating catastrophic slope failure in the recent past. Debris from the collapsed flank was shed into the moat in front of Kilauea, building an extensive apron. Seaward sliding of Kilauea's flank offscraped these deposits to build an extensive frontal bench. A broad basin formed behind the bench and above the embayed flank. Uplift and back tilting of young basin fill indicate recent, and possibly ongoing, bench growth. The Hilina slump now impinges upon the frontal bench; this buttress may tend to reduce the likelihood of future catastrophic detachment.
Do oral contraceptive agents affect nutrient requirements--vitamin B-6?

Although vitamin B-6 depletion and repletion studies conducted in the 1970s in small samples indicated that oral contraceptive (OC) use does not increase the requirement for this vitamin there remain 2 reasons for concern about this issue. The 1st is that concentrations of plasma pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) the single best indicator of vitamin B-6 status are depressed in the majority of OC users. This consistent finding is independent of dietary intake of the vitamin. The 2nd reason for concern is the potential effect of longterm OC use on the vitamin B-6 status of pregnant and lactating women. OC use exceeding 30 months has been associated with significantly lower serum concentrations of vitamin B-6 at 5 months gestation and at delivery and with lower Apgar scores; in addition concentrations of vitamin B-16 in breast milk are lower in OC users than in nonusers. These 2 observations indicate that the requirement for vitamin B-6 is increased even if only slightly among OC users. Thus the vitamin B-6 status should be continually evaluated in OC users especially those who later desire pregnancy and plan to breastfeed. In addition efforts should made to improve dietary intake of vitamin B-6 in women of childbearing age.
Examining A Decade Of Named Marketing Chairs In The United States

Named chairs in the academic field of marketing are examined for ten years providing time series and cross-sectional analysis to determine a profile of their personal characteristics and their schools.
Bright high-repetition-rate source of narrowband extreme-ultraviolet harmonics beyond 22 eV

Table-top extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) light sources with high repetition rates are sought for fundamental studies, metrology and imaging. Here, Wang et al. demonstrate the efficient generation of bright XUV harmonics at 50-kHz repetition rate, with very high photon flux and spectral definition.
Introduction to the Macy study report.

In this special supplement to the Journal of Dental Education , the results of the three-year Macy study, “New Models of Dental Education,” and its follow-up convocation held at the Emory University Conference Center in Atlanta, Georgia, April 22–24, 2007, are presented. The supplement
Obama’s War Law

Despite being engaged in armed conflict in Afghanistan and elsewhere, the Obama Administration has not articulated its overall views on the law of war or its application to these conflicts. The most systematic description of its views thus far was given last spring in a short speech to the American Society of International Law by Harold Koh, now the Legal Adviser to the State Department. This essay examines Koh's remarks in light of other statements and actions by the Obama Administration, and concludes that the legal views of this Administration are close to those of the Bush Administration on crucial issues.
Has Choosing Wisely® affected rates of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry use?

Summary Reducing overuse of tests such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in younger women is an important quality issue. We evaluated trends in DXA ordering before and after Choosing Wisely recommendations were released. We found no significant difference in ordering trends suggesting that other initiatives are needed to change behavior.
Molecular Chaperones and How Addiction Matters in Cancer Therapy

Constitutive expression of HSP90 in normal cells is required for its evolutionarily conserved housekeeping function of folding and translocating cellular proteins to their proper cellular compartment. Under the stress of malignant transformation, cellular proteins and networks become perturbed requiring specific maintenance by a stress-modified HSP90. We here detail the many functions this oncogenic HSP90 takes on in cancer cells and discuss how the addiction of cancer-altered networks on HSP90 can be harvested therapeutically by small molecule HSP90 inhibitors.
The orientation of foliicolous lichen campylidia with respect to water runoff and its significance for propagule dispersal

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Some common leaf-dwelling lichen fungi produce asexual spores (conidia) within curved, dorsiventral structures called campylidia. Their shape and tendency to face in the same direction have generated speculation about how dispersal is accomplished. Here we tested the hypothesis that campylidia orient their spore-producing surface against runoff currents and examined the effects of hydration to better understand the spore dispersal mechanism. METHODS Palm leaves bearing lichens (Calopadia) were surveyed with a dissecting microscope for campylidia with fibrous debris entangled around the base. Where possible, the direction of runoff flow was inferred from the position of the entangled debris; the angle between this direction and that toward which the spore-producing side faced was calculated for 67 campylidia. Other fresh-collected campylidia were photographed in the air-dry state and again after hydration. KEY RESULTS Orientation of campylidia was strongly correlated with direction of runoff flow, such that the spore-producing side faced against oncoming runoff. Hydration of campylidia quickly resulted in swelling of the conidial mass beneath a thin flap of tissue covering the conidiogenous surface. The flap then bulged outward, exposing the conidial mass from above within its pocket-like compartment. CONCLUSIONS Our results support previous contentions that water impact against campylidia is important in spore dispersal. However, the morphology of hydrated campylidia and their strong tendency to face upstream suggest that water currents impact laterally upon the thin tissue covering the hydrated conidial mass, thereby extruding spores apically. We contrast these findings with previous suggestions that campylidia act as splash cups.
Acne and the Internet

The Internet provides both education and miseducation for acne patients. Although some sites provide disease background information and objective treatment guidance, support networks, and research findings, others may seem to be objective on the surface, but are in reality run by untrained, self-proclaimed experts or are promotional in nature. Providers must be aware of the potential benefits and pitfalls the Internet provides for those suffering with acne.