cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reduction of virus shedding by B. bifidum in experimentally induced MRV infection. Statistical application for ELISA.

The protective effect of a human strain ofBifidobacterium bifidum (B. bifidum) against murine group A rotavirus (MRV) was examined in the intestines of BALB/c infected mice. In experiments designed to determine whetherB. bifidum mediated MRV shedding during diarrheal disease, pregnant dams (and their expected litters) were randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) mice infected with MRV alone; (2)B. bifidum-treated + MRV-infected mice; (3)B. bifidum-treated controls; and (4) saline control animals. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of group A rotavirus was used to measure virus protein. The sensitivity of the MRV antigen detector ELISA was determined by serially diluting the rotavirus antigen in test samples. Antigen was detected in dilution ranges of 1:256–1:4096 during the acute phase and 1:16–1:512 in the recovery phase of MRV clinical disease, in the samples tested. Treatment withB. bifidum significantly reduced shedding of MRV antigen (P<0.009) on days 2–10 postinoculation. The reduction in shedding of virus protein corresponded well with delayed onset of acute diarrhea (P<0.02). Closer examination of tissue cross sections under electron microscopy revealed that theB. bifidum-ingested strain adhered to the epithelium of the small intestine. These results suggest that priming the intestine withB. bifidum is effective against experimental MRV challenge and confirmed the potential usefulness of this detector ELISA for studying the kinetics of group A rotavirus infection in animals and humans.
Implications of island arc rotations to the studies of marginal terranes

Abstract Paleomagnetic studies of rocks from the Bonin and Mariana Island arcs indicate that these island arcs have undergone substantial rotation and northward translation since their formation 40 to 45 Ma. These rotations are inconsistent with existing models of marginal basin and island arc formation. The data presently available suggest to us that the Mariana and Bonin island arcs rotated as one tectonic element at the margin of the Philippine Sea and Pacific plate. These observations demonstrate that large vertical axis rotations are present in the island arc environment, prior to any interaction with a continental landmass. Since many circum-Pacific marginal terranes have been assigned island arc origins, these pre-accretion rotations should be considered when interpreting paleomagnetic results for possible microplate reconstructions. Knowledge of the structural and rotational styles of oceanic pre-accretionary deformations may prove useful for separating these pre-accretion effects from those imposed by the accretionary process in future studies aimed at deciphering the geologic history of island arc marginal terranes.
Isoproterenol-induced cardiomegaly: assessment of myocardial protein content, actomyosin ATPase and heart rate.

Rats with isoproterenol-induced cardiomegaly were evaluated for myocardial actomyosin and total protein content (mg/g tissue), hemodynamic changes and actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. Maximum increase in heart mass (50.8%) was seen after 14 consecutive days of isoproterenol injection (5.25 mg/kg). Changes in heart size were determined by comparison of dry ventricle weights of treated and control animals; heart weight: final body weight ratios were not used to evaluate cardiomegaly since it was observed that the isoproterenol-injected animals gained less weight than control animals. The enlarged hearts of the treated animals had a normal total protein content (mg/g tissue) but actomyosin content was decreased by 8.6% (P < 0.02). Doses of nitroglycerin which produced hypotension comparable to that of isoproterenol did not result in increases in cardiac mass. It was concluded that the primary stimulus for isoproterenol-induced cardiomegaly was related to its direct effect on the heart rather than its hypotensive effect. Actomyosin ATPase activity was evaluated using indirect (superprecipitation and turbidity changes) and direct measurements (inorganic phosphate release). Direct and indirect measurements of ATP hydrolysis, under varying conditions (changes in [Mg2+], protein concentration, and aging of actomyosin) revealed that cardiac actomyosin from chronically treated animals (14 days) had a significantly lower ATPase activity. The same animals exhibited a significantly decreased heart rate (22%; P < 0.01). These animals also showed a trend toward decreased pulse pressure and mean blood pressure. The decrease in heart rate was of the same magnitude as the average decrease in actomyosin ATPase activity (21%). The reduced ATPase activity of actomyosin in the enlarged hearts may account for the slower heart rate in these animals; however, other factors influencing heart rate have not been excluded.
Rotation curves of spiral galaxies in clusters

Recent observations of rotation curves of spiral galaxies in clusters made by Rubin et al. (1988), Whitmore et al. (1988) and Forbes and Whitmore (1988) are analyzed. It is found that spiral galaxies in the inner region of clusters appear to have falling rotation curves and M/L gradients which are flatter than for galaxies in the outer regions of clusters. Problems encountered in attempts to construct mass models for cluster galaxies are briefly discussed. 18 refs.
Use of heteroscedastic ordered logit model to study severity of occupant injury: Distinguishing effects of vehicle weight and type

A heteroscedastic ordered logit model was used to study the effects of various vehicle, environmental, roadway, and occupant characteristics on the severity of injuries sustained by vehicle occupants, conditional on the crash occurrence. As expected, the models found that heavier vehicles increased both a vehicle's crashworthiness and driver aggressiveness toward others. The models also found that if all passenger vehicles were to become 1,000 lb heavier, crash injury outcomes would not change dramatically. However, if all passenger cars were to become light-duty trucks (i.e., minivans, pickups, and sport utility vehicles) of the same weight, incapacitating injuries and fatalities were predicted to rise by 26% and 64%, respectively. Beyond weight and vehicle type, many other factors were controlled for as well. For example, older occupants and female occupants were more likely to experience injury and death, particularly when navigating curved roadway sections with higher speed limits.
A logic of knowledge and belief for reasoning about computer security

A nonmonotonic logic of belief based on a combined monotonic logic of knowledge and belief is described. Unlike previous nonmonotonic logics of belief, this logic contains an 'unless' operator by means of which preference for beliefs and refutation of those beliefs can be expressed. An application of the logic to an encryption-based key distribution protocol is given. Existing formal analyses assume the security of encrypted messages and do not deal with the effects of compromise of that security. This logic is well suited for reasoning about the consequences of refutation of the presumption that encrypted messages are secure. >
Job Strain, Job Insecurity, and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the Women’s Health Study: Results from a 10-Year Prospective Study

Objectives: Research about work-related stressors and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has produced mixed findings. Moreover, a paucity of data exists regarding the long-term associations between job strain and job insecurity and CVD among women. Methods: We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the relationship between job strain, job insecurity, and incident CVD over 10 years of follow-up among 22,086 participants in the Women’s Health Study (mean age 5765 years). Results: During 10 years of follow-up there were 170 myocardial infarctions (MI), 163 ischemic strokes, 440 coronary revascularizations, and 52 CVD deaths. In models adjusted for age, race, education, and income, women with high job strain (high demand, low control) were 38% more likely to experience a CVD event than their counterparts who reported low job strain (low demand, high control; Rate Ratio (RR)=1.38, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=1.08–1.77), and women with active jobs (high demand, high control) were 38% more likely to experience a CVD event relative to women who reported low job strain (95% CI=1.07–1.77). Outcome-specific analyses revealed that high job strain predicted non-fatal myocardial infarction (RR=1.67, CI=1.04–2.70), and coronary revascularization (RR=1.41, CI=1.05–1.90). No evidence of an association between job insecurity and long-term CVD risk was observed. Conclusion: High strain and active jobs, but not job insecurity, were related to increased CVD risk among women. Both job strain and job insecurity were significantly related to CVD risk factors. With the increase of women in the workforce, these data emphasize the importance of addressing job strain in CVD prevention efforts among working women.
The principle of seniority in the social structure of the Yoruba

THE PRINCIPLE OF SENIORITY IN THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE YORUBA By WILLIAM R. BASCOM HIS paper, Classificatory Systems of Relationship,l Kroeber outlined eight factors which frequently serve as the basis for distinctions between kinship terms. These principles or categories were: the distinction between consanguinal and affinal relatives, between lineal and collateral relatives, between relatives of different generations, the factors of relative age within the same generation, the sex of the speaker, the sex of the individual referred to, the sex of the connecting relative, and the condition of the connecting relative (i.e., whether dead or alive). I propose to discuss a factor which does not appear in this list, but which is basic to the kinship system of the Yoruba of Nigeria, West Africa. 2 This factor I have called seniority. The patrilocal dwelling unit known as the compound (agbo iU) is inhabited by three classes of people: 1) the members of the patrilineal sib (id£U) who live together in the same compound and who are known as the children of the house (qmq-(i)U), 2) the wives of the male sib members, who are known as the wives of the house (aya ilt), and 3) the unrelated outsiders (dlejo) who share the same compound through the hospitality of the sib members, regarded as the compound owners. As will be seen from the kinship terms used in reference all inhabitants of a compound except for the outsiders are ranked into a graded series according to their relative seniority, and the kinship terms which ar,e used in addressing relatives either by descent or by marriage must show proper respect for the status of a senior person. Seniority is defined in terms of the length of an indi­ vidual's affiliation-either by marriage or by birth-with the patrilocal kinship group whose members are known as the children of the house. There are two terms of reference applied to siblings which may be translated as senior sibling (I;gb~n) and junior sibling (dburo). The dis­ tinction between these two terms is based upon the order in which the speaker and the person referred to were born. Neither the sex of either the individual or of the speaker, nor the distinction between lineal and collateral descent is significant. Accordingly the term senior sibling is applied to both male and female sib members of the generation of the speaker who are older than the speaker. While it is considered proper by the Yoruba them- (The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. XXXIX, 1909), pp. 77-84. The fieldwork in the Yoruba town of !fe, Nigeria, during 1937-38 upon which this paper is based, was made possible by a fellowship of the SociaiScience Research Council of New York City, under the sponsorship of the Department of Anthropology, Northwestern Univer­ sity. I I IN
Striatal dopamine release and family history of alcoholism.

Background: The offspring of alcohol-dependent individuals are at increased risk for alcoholism. The present study was designed to determine whether mesolimbic dopamine binding potential (BP), dopamine release, stress hormones, and subjective responses to intravenous amphetamine are different in nonalcoholic offspring from families with a history of alcohol dependence [family history positive (FHP)] than in nonalcoholic offspring without a family history of alcohol dependence [family history negative (FHN)]. Methods: Participants were 41 healthy men and women (11 FHP, 30 FHN; age range 18–29). After completing baseline psychiatric symptom and personality measures, striatal D2/D3 dopamine BP and dopamine release in response to an amphetamine challenge were measured with positron emission tomography (PET) using the D2/D3 dopamine (DA) receptor radioligand [ 11 C]raclopride. Binding potential was defined as Bmax/KD, percent change in BP from baseline defined dopamine release. During the scans, subjects rated the degree to which they were experiencing each of 10 possible drug effects. Plasma cortisol and growth hormone (GH) were also measured at scheduled intervals during the scans. Results: Neither baseline BP nor dopamine release differed by family history. Similarly, subjective responses to amphetamine did not differ by a family history of alcoholism. Although both cortisol and GH increased following administration of amphetamine, these increases did not differ between family history groups. Conclusions: Using amphetamine to provoke mesolimbic dopamine, we did not show significant differences in dopamine release, subjective responses, or stress hormone measures as a function of family history of alcoholism.
Postmortem lung weight/body weight standards for term and preterm infants.

Assessment of lung growth is a critical component of the perinatal autopsy. Increased lung liquid content may lead to overestimation of lung growth based on (wet) lung weight. In contrast, lung volume is not influenced by intraalveolar lung liquid. Our aim was to establish age-specific reference values for postmortem lung volume/BW in preterm and term infants. We performed a retrospective analysis of fetuses/infants (16-41 weeks' gestation) without (N = 134) or with (N = 79) risk factors for pulmonary hypoplasia. Lungs were inflated at standardized pressure and volumes determined by water immersion method. Lung volume increased 11-fold between 16 and 41 weeks' gestation, concomitant with a 16-fold increase in BW. Mean lung volume/BW remained constant at 33-34 ml/kg between 16 and 31 weeks' gestation and decreased to 23.4 ml/kg at term. Lung volume/BW of infants with severe risk factors (renal anomalies, diaphragmatic hernia) was significantly lower than age-matched standards. In this group, all fetuses/infants diagnosed as having lung hypoplasia by lung volume/BW also had lung hypoplasia LW/BW standards. However, in infants with "softer" risk factors (rupture of membranes, chromosomal anomalies), 5/26 cases diagnosed with lung hypoplasia based on lung volume/BW had normal LW/BW ratios. In these discrepant cases, lung sections showed significant inflammation and edema, likely accounting for increased wet lung weight. In conclusion, we determined age-specific lung volume/BW reference values for preterm and term infants. In selected situations assessment of lung volume/BW may represent a useful complementary tool to LW/BW for postmortem evaluation of lung size.
The influence of pattern type on children's block design performance.

This study sought to determine what factors contribute to normal developmental changes in performance on the block design task. The target models were systematically varied to emphasize global, intermediate, and local pattern structures. One hundred children between 4.5 and 9 years of age were tested in the first experiment. Correct performance and error types differed significantly as a function of age and pattern type. Broken configuration errors were particularly common for the global patterns. In the second experiment, 48 children between 4.5 and 8 years of age were tested using designs with a superimposed grid (cued condition). Error rates were lower in the cued condition and broken configuration errors were less frequent. These results suggest that children have more difficulty parsing more cohesive patterns, but they can modify their strategies when the square matrix is provided by the pattern structure. (JINS, 1996, 2, 392–402.)
“Wow, That Was Funny” The Value of Exposure and Humor in Fostering Campaign Message Sharing

In this study, we examined whether or not exposure to a humorous surround campaign in Iowa (United States) could produce a multiplicative effect based on Intermedia Theory. Until You’re Ready, Avoi...
A novel model for source localization on neural substrates

A new model for source localization on neural substrates is presented, in which the source is assumed to be an ellipsoid rather than a dipole as in the traditional approach. Comparative study shows that the accuracy of source localization is improved significantly through the use of this model.
Changes in the Ir gene controlled response phenotypes in mice of the Ap and Ak family of alleles expressing naturally occurring variant molecules.

Several wild-derived H-2 haplotype mice were recently shown by serology and tryptic peptide fingerprinting to express I-region A molecules closely related to the Ap and Ak molecules of the laboratory strains. To determine if such naturally occurring minor structural variations in the A molecule alter Ir gene-controlled responsiveness, we examined the immune responses of these strains after primary immunizations to three synthetic polypeptide antigens: G60Phe40, GLPhe9, and GAT10. Inbred strains carrying the Ap (or Aq) allele are known to be high responders to G60Phe40 and GLPhe9 but low responders to GAT10. Strains expressing the Ak allele are classified as low responders to G60Phe40 and GLPhe9, but high responders to GAT10. Of seven strains examined belonging to the Ap family, one (B10.CAS2) failed to respond to either G60Phe40 or GLPhe9 as measured by antibody production and T cell proliferation. In addition, two strains (B10.STC90 and W12A) of the Ak family were found to be of responder phenotype to GLPhe9. Both GLPhe9 responses resulted from the introduction of new E beta genes into the I region through naturally occurring intergenic recombination between A beta A alpha and E beta. All strains of mice in the Ak family proved to be of the high responder phenotype in their responses toward GAT10. These results contrast strongly with known patterns of alloreactivity against the variant Ap and Ak molecules.
Deadline-aware data plane for internet video

Internet video requires large-scale content-centric multicast and is highly latency-sensitive. The recently proposed Named Data Network (a.k.a., NDN) is promising in supporting content-centric multicast applications, but is lack of deadline-aware processing in which packets are processed differently according to its processing deadline. In this paper, we extend NDN data plane to support deadline-aware packet processing. In particular, we propose to add a new attribute called "deadline" in the NDN data name, give concrete forwarding strategies that differentiate packets by their deadline attribute, and show its potentials in reducing latency.
Morphological, genetic, and behavioral comparisons of two prairie vole populations in the field and laboratory

Reports of geographic variation in behavior and morphology among prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) from Illinois, Kansas, and Tennessee have led to the belief that these animals vary in their mating strategies and the degree to which they are monogamous. Despite this, few studies have directly compared behavior between populations. Because the prairie vole is commonly discussed as a model for mammalian monogamy, understanding how aspects of social attachment and the mating system vary could provide further insight into the evolution of monogamy. We therefore conducted a series of experiments in the laboratory and field to assess morphological, behavioral, or genetic differences between 2 populations of this species. Voles from Illinois were morphologically similar to voles from Tennessee and exhibited comparable social and mating behavior under both laboratory and field conditions. Although genetically distinct, the 2 populations demonstrated similar levels of heterozygosity and allelic richness. Sexual dimorphism, a common indicator of mating strategy, was absent in voles from 7 widely distributed regions from across their geographic range. In the context of these results, we question the degree to which the previously described population differences are ecologically meaningful. If differences between prairie voles from Kansas and Illinois do indeed exist, examination of our data suggests that those from Kansas are atypical of prairie voles overall.
Searchable web sites recommendation

In this paper, we propose a new framework for searchable web sites recommendation. Given a query, our system will recommend a list of searchable web sites ranked by relevance, which can be used to complement the web page results and ads from a search engine. We model the conditional probability of a searchable web site being relevant to a given query in term of three main components: the language model of the query, the language model of the content within the web site, and the reputation of the web site searching capability (static rank). The language models for queries and searchable sites are built using information mined from client-side browsing logs. The static rank for each searchable site leverages features extracted from these client-side logs such as number of queries that are submitted to this site, and features extracted from general search engines such as the number of web pages that indexed for this site, number of clicks per query, and the dwell-time that a user spends on the search result page and on the clicked result web pages. We also learn a weight for each kind of feature to optimize the ranking performance. In our experiment, we discover 10.5 thousand searchable sites and use 5 million unique queries, extracted from one week of log data to build and demonstrate the effectiveness of our searchable web site recommendation system.
A novel approach to medical image compression

As medical/biological imaging facilities move towards complete film-less imaging, compression plays a key role. Although lossy compression techniques yield high compression rates, the medical community has been reluctant to adopt these methods, largely for legal reasons, and has instead relied on lossless compression techniques that yield low compression rates. The true goal is to maximise compression while maintaining clinical relevance and balancing legal risk. This paper proposes a novel model-based compression technique that makes use of clinically relevant regions as defined by radiologists. Lossless compression is used in these clinically relevant regions, and lossy compression is used everywhere else.
Single-molecule analysis of a molecular disassemblase reveals the mechanism of Hsc70-driven clathrin uncoating

Hsc70 disassembles the coats of clathrin-coated vesicles, remodels a number of other protein complexes, and facilitates protein folding. The dynamics of clathrin uncoating promoted by Hsc70 have now been monitored with single-particle fluorescence imaging. The results suggest that disassembly is driven by trapping of small conformational fluctuations.
When is Less More? Attention and Workload in Auditory, Visual, and Redundant Patient-Monitoring Conditions:

Auditory signals can take the form of “auditory displays” that communicate information redundant to visual displays. These redundant displays may allow offloading some visual workload to the auditory channel. The current study examines the effect of visual, auditory and redundant displays on the performance of a dual-task simulation of patient monitoring. Subjects performed manual compensatory tracking task while monitoring six vital signs of a simulated patient, detecting deviations from normal levels. Monitoring was presented in three display conditions: auditory only, visual only, and redundant. Results indicate that the detection of deviations in visual and redundant conditions were not significantly different, but faster than the auditory display. However, performance in the tracking task was degraded least in the auditory condition, and the redundant display resulted in poorest performance—an example of a negative redundancy-gain. Reasons for this finding are examined through data from eye-movement ...
Mechanical energy and effective foot mass during impact loading of walking and running.

Abstract The human heel pad is considered an important structure for attenuation of the transient force caused by heel-strike. Although the mechanical properties of heel pads are relatively well understood, the mechanical energy (Etot) absorbed by the heel pad during the impact phase has never been documented directly because data on the effective foot mass (Meff) was previously unavailable during normal forward locomotion. In this study, we use the impulse–momentum method (IMM) for calculating Meff from moving subjects. Mass–spring–damper models were developed to evaluate errors and to examine the effects of pad property, upper body mass, and effective leg spring on Meff. We simultaneously collected ground reaction forces, pad deformation, and lower limb kinematics during impact phase of barefoot walking, running, and crouched walking. The latter was included to examine the effect of knee angle on Meff. The magnitude of Meff as a percentage of body mass (MB) varies with knee angle at impact and significantly differs among gaits: 6.3%MB in walking, 5.3%MB in running, and 3.7%MB in crouched walking. Our modeling results suggested that Meff is insensitive to heel pad resilience and effective leg stiffness. At the instant prior to heel strike, Etot ranges from 0.24 to 3.99 J. The combination of video and forceplate data used in this study allows analyses of Etot and Etot as a function of heel-strike kinematics during normal locomotion. Relationship between Meff and knee angle provides insights into how changes in posture moderate impact transients at different gaits.
PROPER CONTROL OF GENETIC BACKGROUND WITH PRECISE ALLELE SUBSTITUTION: A COMMENT ON COYNE AND ELWYN

Coyne and Elwyn report that, using Drosophila stocks provided by us, they were unable to replicate our experiments measuring the effects of desaturase-2 on stress tolerance. In this note, we provide evidence that these authors did not properly control for the differences in genetic background between the lines. Their experiments are thus not meaningful replications of our previous ones. We discuss ways of circumventing this problem in studies involving induced mutations in single genes.
Enhancement of Thiamin Content in Arabidopsis thaliana by Metabolic Engineering

Thiamin is an essential nutrient in the human diet. Severe thiamin deficiency leads to beriberi, a lethal disease which is common in developing countries. Thiamin biofortification of staple food crops is a possible strategy to alleviate thiamin deficiency-related diseases. In plants, thiamin plays a role in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses, and data from the literature suggest that boosting thiamin content could increase resistance to stresses. Here, we tested an engineering strategy to increase thiamin content in Arabidopsis. Thiamin is composed of a thiazole ring linked to a pyrimidine ring by a methylene bridge. THI1 and THIC are the first committed steps in the synthesis of the thiazole and pyrimidine moieties, respectively. Arabidopsis plants were transformed with a vector containing the THI1-coding sequence under the control of a constitutive promoter. Total thiamin leaf content in THI1 plants was up approximately 2-fold compared with the wild type. THI1-overexpressing lines were then crossed with pre-existing THIC-overexpressing lines. Resulting THI1 × THIC plants accumulated up to 3.4- and 2.6-fold more total thiamin than wild-type plants in leaf and seeds, respectively. After inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae, THI1 × THIC plants had lower populations than the wild-type control. However, THI1 × THIC plants subjected to various abiotic stresses did not show any visible or biochemical changes compared with the wild type. We discuss the impact of engineering thiamin biosynthesis on the nutritional value of plants and their resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Goal Tradeoffs for U.S. Agricultural Commodity Programs: An Application of Multiple Objective Analysis

This paper reports an on-going application of multiple objective analysis to consideration of policies for U.S. agriculture. The objective is to use available large-scale econometric and mathematical programming models to analyze alternatives for the 1985 Farm Bill within a multiple objective framework. A review of the decision making system shows that it is complex: with conflicting goals, multiple decision makers and a two-level decision system in which government policy makers are unable to act directly on variables which affect goals.
Minocycline-Induced Bone Discoloration: A Case Report.

Minocycline is a semisynthetic second-generation tetracycline derivative that is widely used as a broad-spectrum antibiotic and anti-inflammatory agent1. Long-term treatment with tetracycline and its related derivatives causes discoloration and hyperpigmentation of the skin, bone, teeth, sclerae, thyroid, and oral mucosa2-11. Minocycline shares the same basic ringed structure found in other tetracyclines, with the exception of a dimethylamino group substitution at C7 and a functional group absence at C6. These differences in chemical structure result in more lipophilic properties than in other members of the tetracycline family12. Whereas tetracycline is known to cause discoloration in bone by oxidation-induced color change after binding irreversibly to hydroxyapatite, which is later deposited at the mineralization front on unmineralized mature osteoid, minocycline poorly chelates calcium and is thought to cause bone discoloration by a less well-understood mechanism13. Findings, including minocycline’s ability to discolor fully formed mature teeth as well as the presence of iron with trace amounts of calcium in minocycline-induced dark pigment, give credence to this idea14-16. Because of its lipophilic nature, minocycline is believed to achieve extensive tissue penetration, and in vitro protein-binding studies have also shown minocycline to bind collagen6,17. Once deposited, it is believed that minocycline is either degraded or lysosomally oxidized from its naturally yellow crystalline appearance to a black deposit3,18. Gross examination often reveals a bluish-gray or black discoloration of the bone and surrounding soft tissue, although these findings can be mutually exclusive1. The incidence of minocycline-induced discoloration of bone is unknown since it is more commonly found as an incidental finding during routine surgical procedures. However, staining of adult dentition has been reported to occur in 3% to 6% of patients on long-term minocycline …
Abstract 13211: Loss of Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier 1 in Cardiomyocytes Leads to Compensated Cardiac Hypertrophy in Non-stressed Hearts

Although normal adult hearts utilize fatty acid oxidation to generate the majority of ATP, glucose and lactate remain important fuel substrates, in response to hemodynamic stress such as pressure overload hypertrophy and in response to exercise training. Glucose and lactate are converted to pyruvate in the cytosol and then transported into mitochondria to be oxidized. Pyruvate enters mitochondria via a recently described transport complex - the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier that has two subunits, MPC1 and MPC2. The role of pyruvate uptake in regulating cardiac function and metabolism is incompletely understood. Thus, we generated cardiomyocyte-restricted MPC1 knockout mice (CMPC1-/-) to address this question. Loss of MPC1 resulted in degradation of MPC2 leading to functional inactivation of the MPC complex in CMPC1-/- mouse hearts. CMPC1-/- mice showed normal heart weight (HW), heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW) and heart weight to tibia length ratio (HW/TL) compared to their control littermates at the age of 4 weeks. Cardiac function examined by echocardiography also revealed that CMPC1-/- mice exhibited normal ventricular diastolic and systolic volumes, ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac mass compared to control mice. At the age of 8 weeks, both male and female CMPC1-/- mice exhibited compensated cardiac hypertrophy with preserved cardiac function as determined by echocardiography. Heart weights (HW) was increased by 1.41 fold (p<0.05) and HW normalized to tibia length, increased by 1.63 fold (p<0.01) in 8 week-old CMPC1-/- mice. Gene expression markers characteristic for pathological cardiac hypertrophy (NPPA, NPPB and Acta1) were also increased in 8 week-old CMPC1-/- hearts. Substrate metabolism measured in isolated working hearts, showed that glucose oxidation was significantly decreased by 58% (p=0.003) in CMPC1-/- mice relative to control mice. These data suggest that mitochondrial pyruvate uptake although dispensable for normal cardiac function in non-stressed hearts of young mice, reveals an important mechanism by which an imbalance between glycolysis and glucose oxidation may activate maladaptive hypertrophic signaling pathways in the myocardium.
Review of "New Collecting: Exhibiting and Audiences after New Media Art," edited by Beryl Graham

New Collecting: Exhibiting and Audiences after New Media Art, edited by Beryl Graham. London: Ashgate, 2014, 254 pages, ISBN 978-1-4724-0643-9, $109.95.“New media art is collected. It's just that i...
Protecting Intellectual Property Rights Through Civil Litigation: A Symposium

On September 30, 1996, nineteen lawyers, law professors and judges from the People's Republic of China began a six-week program of classroom study, practical experience, and scholarly exchange that focused on the American system of protecting intellectual property rights through civil litigation. The program was funded by a $107,000 grant from the United States Information Agency's Office of Citizen Exchange Programs to the University of Baltimore's Center for International and Comparative Law, in cooperation with the Maryland Department of Business and Economic Development.The initial, two-week phase of the program included field trips to the U.S. Copyright Office, the Patent and Trademark Office, three federal courts, and one congressional committee involved in intellectual property rights. Participants were introduced to the American case method approach to legal education and given the opportunity to meet with American practitioners in copyright, patent, and trademark law. In the second, three-week phase of the program, each of the Chinese participants was placed with an American law firm or other intellectual property-related organization to gain some first-hand exposure to the practice of intellectual property law in this country. The final, week-long symposium phase of the program gave Chinese and American participants the opportunity to share their views on various aspects of intellectual property law.
Effect of High Oxygen Pressures on Blood Acidity, Oxygen Consumption, Volume Flow of Blood and Respiration.

With the purpose of throwing new light on the causes of hyperp-nea as seen in animals breathing pure oxygen at high pressures, apparatus was devised whereby respiration, blood pressure, blood acidity changes, and blood volume flow could be recorded on smoked paper, with the experimental animal exposed to increased oxygen pressure.A Hutchinson type spirometer was used; the bell counterbalanced by a solenoid around a glass tube; the writing point attached to a moveable iron core in the bore of the tube which was open to atmospheric pressure. Blood pressure was recorded in similar manner, the solenoid floating on the mercury; heart rate by an electrical contact device on the femoral artery; blood acidity changes by the continuous method (manganese dioxide electrode); volume flow of blood changes by the thermo-electrical method.The experimental animals were dogs of from 5 to 12 kg., anesthetized with morphine sulphate and urethane. The pressures used were from 3 to slightly less than 5 atmospheres pure oxygen...
Some Results of Feeding Diets of Varying Fat Content to Laying Pullets

Abstract THERE is a paucity of information about the optimum level of fat in diets for laying chickens. However, Russell (1939), according to Ewing (1941), has reported the results of an experiment in which the egg production was lower, and the mortality was higher, in a group of hens fed a diet of 8.70 percent fat content than in a group of hens fed a diet of 4.35 percent fat content. Corn oil was the chief source of fat in Russell’s experiment. The writer has also obtained some information on this subject in two experiments in which corn oil was used to vary the fat content of diets fed to laying pullets. The data obtained on hatchability were presented previously (Heywang, 1942). The data showing the effect of the diets on the egg production, diet consumption, and live weights of the pullets, and on the yolk weight and yolk quality of . . .
Prevention and Control of Toxoplasmosis in Dogs in Hohhot

To survey toxoplasma infection and drug treatment in dogs in Hohhot,toxoplasma antibodies of 307 dogs were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The toxoplasma-positive dogs were treated with Chinese and Western drugs.The ELISA positive rate of toxoplasma antibody (IgM) in the dogs was 4.6%,and the good efficacy was achieved by drug treatment.In addition,toxoplasma infection rates were significantly different between the dogs from different places.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the management of scattered-feeding or deserted dogs,and the serological monitor should be strengthened for timely and effective preventive measures.
Captopril prevents vascular and fibrotic changes but not cardiac hypertrophy in aortic-banded rats

To determine the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on cardiovascular remodeling in a pressure overload model of cardiac hypertrophy, a subdiaphragmatic aortic band was placed in adult male...
Politics, Accountability, and Information Management

This chapter provides examples of the politics of managing information in public organizations by studying both its internal and external aspects. Within the organization, politics is involved in structuring decision making, struggles over purchases of hardware and software, interdepartmental sharing of information, and the flow of communications such as e-mail among employees. The chapter analyzes examples of each of these internal aspects of politics. The chapter also discusses evidence concerning whether political appointees or career administrators are more effective as information managers. Externally, the chapter discusses how information management has been used to attempt to achieve greater political accountability through e-reporting and examples of cases where purchasing problems spill over into the realm of external politics such as through attempts to privatize governmental information management function. Certain topics such as municipal broadband systems and information management disasters are highly likely to involve information managers in politics. The attempts to use governmental Web sites as mechanisms to achieve e-governance and greater citizen participation in the political process also make it impossible for information managers to insulate themselves against politics.
French Mediterraneans: transnational and imperial histories

The Mediterranean region has dominated international news headlines since the Arab Spring and discussions about the basin’s future have intensified in Europe as waves of refugees continue to flee t...
Pokémon GO: An innovative smartphone gaming application with health benefits

Obesity is a leading public health epidemic worldwide and its prevalence is increasing. While diet and exercise are the cornerstones in the prevention and treatment of obesity and its associated complications, patients often find it difficult to make lifestyle changes. Smartphones are increasingly becoming integrated into our society and can serve as a tool to improve health outcomes. Here, we illustrate the positive health impacts of an innovative smartphone gaming application, Pokemon GO (Niantic Incorporation, San Francisco, California), which is used by millions of users worldwide. The aim of this game is to catch fictional characters known as Pokemon, which users encounter when walking around as opposed to traditional stationary-seated games. Sedentary lifestyle has long been associated with increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Pokemon GO exemplifies a highly successful smartphone application promoting health specifically by rewarding the simplest effective exercise of walking. This application, while representing the next interactive level of gaming, is as an important example of how positive reinforcement can serve as a successful motivation technique.
Effect of organic solvents compared to sandblasting on the repair bond strength of nanohybrid and nanofilled composite resins

Background: This study evaluated the effect of different surface treatments on the repair bond strength of nanohybrid (Empress Direct) and nanofilled (Filtek Z350 XT) composite resins. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 specimens of each material (7.5 x 4.5 x 3 mm) were prepared and polished with SiC paper. Half of the specimens were kept in water for seven days and the other half for six months; they were then divided into six groups according to the type of surface treatment: negative control (no treatment), Al2O3sandblasted, liquid acetone, acetone gel, liquid alcohol and alcohol gel. Following application of the silane coupling agent and the adhesive system, composite resin cylinders were fabricated on the specimens and light cured (20 seconds). The same composite resins were used for the repair. Additionally, ten intact specimens of each composite resin (without repair) were prepared (positive control). The specimens were then loaded to failure in the microshear mode. Three additional specimens were fabricated in each group, and the surface treatments were analyzed by atomic force microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The nanofilled composite resin showed higher cohesive strength and repair bond strength than the nanohybrid composite resin. The aging process affected the repair bond strength of the nanofilled composite resin. Al2O3sandblasting was more efficient for the nanofilled composite resin and promoted greater surface roughness in both materials. The solvents demonstrated higher efficacy for the nanohybrid composite resin. Conclusion: The strengths resulting from the solvents were material dependent, and Al2O3sandblasting resulted in superior repair bond strength in both materials.
Safety issues relating to nanomaterials for construction applications

Abstract: Nanotechnology holds great promise for advancements in medicine, basic science and engineering, not the least for the construction industry. Here, nanomaterials are used in a variety of eco-efficient applications including improved mechanical properties, interior light control, renewable energy harvesting, and advanced durability. However, the long-term safety aspects of these novel materials are poorly understood. While toxicological liabilities have been discovered in the laboratory for all known classes of nanomaterials, it is unclear how much toxic potential for humans and the environment various types of nanoscale materials pose. The number of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) keeps growing at an exponential pace and traditional in vivo toxicity approaches are unable to keep up with the sheer number of MNMs and MNM-composite materials that will be used in construction. Fortunately, the application of high-throughput in vitro methodologies allows insight to be gained into the underlying nanotoxicity paradigms, which in turn will enable an understanding of the nano-properties that cause the toxic effects of a given nanomaterial and thus informs on safe design features, enabling the safe employment of this powerful technology. This chapter aims to give a bird’s eye view of nanomaterials used in construction, their potential toxicological liabilities, and high throughput methodologies that can be employed towards detecting nanotoxicity during the safety assessment of nanomaterials.
Field deployable pushbroom hyperspectral imaging polarimeter

Hyperspectral imaging polarimetry enables both the spectrum and its spectrally resolved state of polarization to be measured. This information is important for identifying material properties for various applications in remote sensing and agricultural monitoring. We describe the design and performance of a ruggedized, field deployable hyperspectral imaging polarimeter, designed for wavelengths spanning the visible to near-infrared (450 to 800 nm). An entrance slit was used to sample the scene in a pushbroom scanning mode across a 30 deg vertical by 110 deg horizontal field-of-view. Furthermore, athermalized achromatic retarders were implemented in a channel spectrum generator to measure the linear Stokes parameters. The mechanical and optical layout of the system and its peripherals, in addition to the results of the sensor’s spectral and polarimetric calibration, are provided. Finally, field measurements are also provided and an error analysis is conducted. With its present calibration, the sensor has an absolute polarimetric error of 2.5% RMS and a relative spectral error of 2.3% RMS.
Strangeness: Early Modern European Women and the Invention of Whiteness

The Afterword to this EMLS Special Issue “European Women in Early Modern English Drama" contextualizes this collection in light of our continued scholarly and social investigation into the invention of "whiteness" and of a pan-European identity. It argues that texturing the flat surface of "whiteness" and "Europeanness" can enable us to "estrange" -- that is, to critique and de-nature, existing stereotypes surrounding race, sexuality, and national origin. It concludes with a call to further research and writing about the material or phenomenological textures of individual women's lives, as we can imagine them through literature and history.
Improving Global Health With Smartphone Technology: A Decade in Review of mHealth Initiatives

The widespread use of smartphones makes them a popular platform for healthcare applications. This article reveals the global trends and overarching goals of mHealth initiatives that seek to enhance healthcare quality, increase access to health services, and improve global health communication. Three main themes emerged from this study: a) the impact of mHealth on international public health, b) overcoming mhealth barriers, and c) emerging mHealth technologies. The costs of developing mHealth apps and handling related data security concerns are the key barriers which need to be addressed to successfully implement global mHealth campaigns. Future directions of mHealth research are discussed, including the integration of new technologies, development of innovative healthcare systems, and overall improvement of global healthcare.