cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk factors for development of malignant neoplasia after feline renal transplantation and cyclosporine-based immunosuppression

The objective of this retrospective study is to report and analyse the incidence of and risk factors for post-transplant malignant neoplasia (PTMN) in feline renal transplant recipients (cases, n = 45) and compare incidence to a population of cats that did not receive a transplant (controls, n = 79). Information from the medical records of cases regarding signalment, blood work and concomitant disease, post operative cyclosporine concentrations, survival time (ST), and whether PTMN developed, the type of PTMN, time to occurrence (TTO), and ST after diagnosis was gathered. PTMN occurred in 11 of 45 (24%) cases, of which, four were lymphoma. Median TTO of all PTMN was 1020 days. Median TTO of lymphoma was 454 days. Median ST after diagnosis of PTMN was 15 days. No risk factors were identified. Compared with control cats, cases had more than six times higher odds of developing PTMN compared with control cats (P < 0.01).
Noncatalytic conversion of residuum in two-stage coal liquefaction

An experimental investigation was conducted to ascertain the contribution of thermal reactions in the hydroprocessing reactor of two-stage liquefaction processes. Various solvent/residuum feedstocks were reacted in the absence of a catalyst at temperatures ranging from 655K to 728K. Detailed characterization of the composite and fractionated feedstock and product samples was performed to ascertain the extent of residuum conversion, heteroatom removal, and hydrogen rearrangement. The results showed that hydrogenation of the solvent portion of the feedstock neither enhances residuum conversion nor results in the transfer of hydrogen from the solvent to the residuum. Higher reaction temperatures also had little effect on the reactions involved. These results suggest that the conversion of residuum in the hydroprocessing reactor of two-stage liquefaction processes must occur catalytically rather than thermally. Une etude experimentale a ete menee dans le but d'etablir la contribution des reactions thermiques dans le reacteur d'hydrotraitement de precedes de liquefaction bietages. On a fait reagir differentes alimentations residu-solvant, en l'absence de catalyseur a des temperatures comprises entre 655 et 728 K. On a realise une caracterisation detaillee de l'alimentation et de ses fractions ainsi que d'echantillons des produits pour etablir le degre de conversion du residu, l'elimination des heteroatomes et le rearrangement en presence d'hydrogene. Les resultats montrent que l'hydrogenation du solvant contenu dans l'alimentation n'ameliore pas la conversion du residu et ne resulte pas en un transfert d'hydrogene du solvant vers le residu. Une elevation des temperatures de reaction a egalement peu d'influence sur les reactions impliquees. Ces resultats laissent suggerer que la conversion du residu dans le reacteur d'hydrotraitement des precedes de liquefaction bietages doit se realiser de maniere catalytique plutǒt que thermique.
Spontaneous closure of latrogenic left internal mammary artery to anterior interventricular vein fistula

Abstract Inadvertent anastomosis of an aortocoronary vein bypass graft to a cardiac vein is a rare complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). 1–5 In almost all reported cases, an aortocoronary vein graft was anastomosed to the anterior interventricular vein with formation of aortocoronary vein fistula with different management strategies, including observation without intervention, 2 reoperation with ligation of the fistula and revascularization, 1,3 and transcatheter embolization of the fistula with or without percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA) of the native vessel. 4,5 To our knowledge, there is no previous report of unintentionally produced internal mammary artery (IMA)-coronary vein fistula with angiographically documented spontaneous closure. We describe 2 cases of iatrogenic left IMA-anterior interventricular vein fistula undergoing spontaneous occlusion 1 and 10 years after surgery, respectively.
Complexity and categoricity

Abstract We define a notion of a feasible Scott family of formulas for a feasible model and give various conditions on a Scott family which imply that two models with the same family are feasibly isomorphic. For example, if A and B possess a common strongly p-time Scott family and both have universe {1}*, then they are p-time isomorphic. These results are applied to the study of permutation structures, linear orderings, equivalence relations, and Abelian groups. For example, conditions on two permutation structures ( A , f ) and ( B , g ) are given which imply that ( A , f ) and ( B , g ) are p-time isomorphic.
Women and Depression

As Western society increases in complexity and becomes more reliant on technology, women who thrive as integrators in interactional modes will face new dilemmas. Many women will view these changes as challenges, but for many other women, who view these changes as threats, the response will be depression. We lay a foundation to an understanding of depression in women, evaluating the current concept of depression and pointing out its limitations. We then review the traditional theories of women's increased vulnerability to depressive disorders, which have failed to explain adequately this phenomenon. A more recent theory of women's depression, based on the self‐in‐relation theory of women's development, is offered as an alternative.
Quasi-Linear allocation functions for efficient array design

We propose a class of functions called quasi-linear functions to be used as allocation functions in systolic array synthesis. We describe the special properties of such functions that make them suitable as allocation functions, and give necessary and sufficient conditions that they must satisfy. The main advantage of quasi-linear allocation functions is that they provide a unified framework for dealing with a technique called clustering which is often used as apost-processing technique to improve the efficiency of systolic arrays. We show that it is always possible to choose quasi-linear allocation functions so that the derived arrays have 100% efficiency. Our method is constructive and the allocation function can be obtained automatically. We also generalize our result to deal witharbitrary systolic arrays (outside the context of synthesis). The technique can also be extended to any (piece-wise) systolic array to derive arrays with 100% efficiency.
Complete macroscopic stabilization of tokamak plasmas

Abstract A numerical investigation of ideal magnetohydrodynamic stability in finite aspect ratio tokamaks with zero edge current density is carried out. It is shown that, assuming a conventionally D-shaped cross section and a safety factor on axis greater than 2.1, both n = ∞ and n = 1 modes are stable for any beta, even in the absence of any surrounding conductors.
Predictors of Loneliness Among Court-Involved and Substance Abusing Mothers

Abstract This study examined predictors of loneliness among 94 urban mothers with a history of substance abuse and criminal justice involvement. The study replicated the finding that loneliness is significantly related to level of substance abuse. Significant predictors of loneliness included co-occurring conditions of the mother, the number of minors in the home, the level of domestic violence, informal social support, and service satisfaction. Based on these findings, the authors suggest that work with substance abusing mothers involved with the criminal justice system should address multiple ecological levels, including characteristics of the mother and her children, partner relations, and informal and formal social supports.
Joint loading and bone mineral density in persons with unilateral, trans-tibial amputation.

Abstract Background. Persons with unilateral, lower-extremity amputation sometimes develop osteoarthritis in the intact limb. The purpose of this study was to investigate gait mechanics and bone mineral density in unilateral, trans-tibial amputees to test the hypotheses that the intact limb knee and hip will have larger frontal plane net joint moments and bone mineral density than the prosthetic side and the limbs of control subjects. Methods. Proximal tibia and femoral neck bone mineral density and gait mechanics were measured from nine subjects with a unilateral, trans-tibial amputation and from age, gender, and mass matched control subjects. Findings. The amputee intact proximal tibia bone mineral density and peak knee internal abduction moment were 45% ( P = 0.001) and 56% ( P = 0.028) greater, respectively, than the prosthetic side. The intact limb femoral neck bone mineral density and peak hip internal abduction moment were 12% ( P = 0.095) and 33% ( P = 0.03) greater, respectively, than the prosthetic side. The intact knee frontal plane moment and bone mineral density were moderately larger than the control knee, while the intact and control hip were similar. Interpretation. Elevated frontal plane net joint moments and bone mineral density suggest the potential exists for premature knee joint degradation. Measuring frontal plane joint mechanics and bone mineral density may be important tools for assessing joint health in persons with unilateral, trans-tibial amputation.
Virtual microphones for multichannel audio resynthesis

Multichannel audio offers significant advantages for music reproduction, including the ability to provide better localization and envelopment, as well as reduced imaging distortion. On the other hand, multichannel audio is a demanding media type in terms of transmission requirements. Often, bandwidth limitations prohibit transmission of multiple audio channels. In such cases, an alternative is to transmit only one or two reference channels and recreate the rest of the channels at the receiving end. Here, we propose a system capable of synthesizing the required signals from a smaller set of signals recorded in a particular venue. These synthesized "virtual" microphone signals can be used to produce multichannel recordings that accurately capture the acoustics of that venue. Applications of the proposed system include transmission of multichannel audio over the current Internet infrastructure and, as an extension of the methods proposed here, remastering existing monophonic and stereophonic recordings for multichannel rendering.
No evidence for homeoviscous adaptation in intertidal snails: analysis of membrane fluidity during thermal acclimation, thermal acclimatization, and across thermal microhabitats

Many eurythermal organisms alter composition of their membranes to counter perturbing effects of environmental temperature variation on membrane fluidity, a process known as homeoviscous adaptation. Marine intertidal gastropods experience uniquely large thermal excursions that challenge the functional integrity of their membranes on tidal and seasonal timescales. This study measured and compared membrane fluidity in marine intertidal snail species under three scenarios: (1) laboratory thermal acclimation, (2) thermal acclimatization during a hot midday low tide, and (3) thermal acclimatization across the vertical intertidal zone gradient in temperature. For each scenario, we used fluorescence polarization of the membrane probe DPH to measure membrane fluidity in individual samples of gill and mantle tissue. A four-week thermal acclimation of Tegula funebralis to 5, 15, and 25°C did not induce differences in membrane fluidity. Littorina keenae sampled from two thermal microhabitats at the beginning and end of a hot midday low tide exhibited no significant differences in membrane fluidity, either as a function of time of day or as a function of thermal microhabitat, despite changes in body temperature up to 24°C within 8 h. Membrane fluidities of a diverse group of snails collected from high, middle, and low vertical regions of the intertidal zone varied among species but did not correlate with thermal microhabitat. Our data suggest intertidal gastropod snails do not exhibit homeoviscous adaptation of gill and mantle membranes. We discuss possible alternatives for how these organisms counter thermal excursions characteristic of the marine intertidal zone.
An overview of errors in line source dosimetry for gamma-ray brachytherapy

The generally used approach for routine brachytherapy dosimetry depends on a value of source strength provided by the source supplier, the theoretical concept of exposure rate constants for different nuclides, and the applicability of inverse square law to point sources. Corrections for filtration of the radiation within the capsule of the source and attenuation in tissue medium are effected based on attenuation coefficients and data published in the literature. Therefore there is no unique or ideal way of selecting the required data and there could be a spread in the dose values derived by different users. The errors inherent in the current practice of dosimetry of linear sources in brachytherapy are discussed. If the brachytherapy sources are specified in terms of exposure rate at a distance from the source by the source suppliers, the overall uncertainty in the dosimetry at regions of clinical interest around the source could be limited to about ±6%.
When Scientific Research and Legal Practice Collide

The modern historical record and an ongoing dispute between BP and academic researchers reveal that the U.S. legal system can be exploited to attack scientific research and academic thought when it challenges entrenched interests or beliefs. These legal practices erode the ability of scientific research and academics to function properly.
Antilisterial activity of pediocin AcH in model food systems in the presence of an emulsifier or encapsulated within liposomes

Abstract The listericidal activity of pediocin AcH was evaluated in slurries (5, 10, or 25% in dH2O) of nonfat dry milk, butterfat, beef muscle tissue, or beef tallow. Slurries were inocubated with Listeria monocytogenes (2-strain mixture; 2.5 × 106 cfu/ml) and then with pediocin AcH (30,000 arbitrary units (AU) per ml of slurry). Although pediocin activity was reduced in slurries, sufficient pediocin remained to decrease the listeriae population. For all slurries tested, the greatest decrease in counts of Listeria (1.2–1.8 log10 cfu decrease) and decrease in pediocin activity (12–54% recovery of original activity) occurred within 1.5 min of addition of pediocin to slurries. Thereafter, counts of Listeria did not change appreciably, but pediocin activity continued to decrease in most treatments for up to 60 min. In general, greater activity was recovered from: (i) slurries of lower (5%) compared to higher (25%) concentrations of food; and (ii) dairy- compared to meat-based slurries. Next, pediocin AcH was encapsulated with phosphatidylcholine-based liposomes before addition to slurries (10%), or was used unencapsulated in slurries (10%) containing the emulsifier Tween 80. Greater pediocin activity (29–62% increase; average over all concentrations) was recovered from slurries containing encapsulated compared to free pediocin AcH. Likewise, greater pediocin activity was recovered from slurries containing an emulsifier (4–90% increase; average over all concentrations) compared to otherwise similar slurries without Tween 80. The additional recovery of pediocin activity afforded by liposomes or Tween 80 underscores the potential for direct application of biopreservatives to provide another hurdle for L. monocytogenes in foods.
Length Scale of Dynamic Heterogeneity in Supercooled d-Sorbitol: Comparison to Model Predictions

A direct measurement of the length scale of dynamic heterogeneity in supercooled d-sorbitol has been performed using a multidimensional 13C solid-state NMR experiment. Several models predict that t...
Altered hepatic blood flow and drug disposition.

For some drugs, delivery to the liver by the hepatic circulation is an important determinant of removal by this organ. Classical pharmacokinetic analyses cannot predict the changes produced by altering any of the biological determinants of drug elimination by the liver; hepatic blood flow, metabolic enzyme activity, drug binding and route of administration. However, with the use of a physiological model of hepatic drug elimination, such predictions can be made. This model has been tested experimentally and appears to be valid. Hepatic blood flow can vary over about a 4-fold range from half normal flow to twice normal flow. These variations are produced by physiological, pathological or pharmacological changes affecting the circulation. For drug clearance to be affected significantly by these changes in flow, the drug must be avidly removed by the liver as reflected in a high hepatic extraction ratio and intrinsic hepatic clearance. This latter term is a useful way to characterise the ability of the liver to irreversibly remove drug from the circulation in the absence of any flow limitation. The clearance of drugs with low intrinsic clearances will not be affected significantly by changes in liver blood flow.
Assigning land use to supply wells for the statistical characterization of regional groundwater quality: Correlating urban land use and VOC occurrence

summary Many national and regional groundwater studies have correlated land use ‘‘near” a well, often using a 500 m radius circle, with water quality. However, the use of a 500 m circle may seem counterintuitive given that contributing areas are expected to extend up-gradient from wells, and not be circular in shape. The objective of this study was to evaluate if a 500 m circle is adequate for assigning land use to a well for the statistical correlation between urban land use and the occurrence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Land use and VOC data came from 277 supply wells in four study areas in California. Land use was computed using ten different-sized circles and wedges (250 m to 10 km in radius), and three different-sized ‘‘searchlights” (1–2 km in length). We define these shapes as contributing area surrogates (CASs), recognizing that a simple shape is at best a surrogate for the actual contributing area. The presence or absence of correlation between land use and the occurrence of VOCs was evaluated using Kendall’s tau ( s). Values of s were within 10% of one another for wedges and circles ranging in size from 500 m to 2 km, with correlations remaining statistically significant (p < 0.05) for all CAS sizes and shapes, suggesting that a 500 m circular CAS is adequate for assigning land use to a well. Additional evaluation indicated that urban land use is autocorrelated at distances ranging from 8 to 36 km. Thus, urban land use in a 500 m CAS is likely to be predictive of urban land use in the actual contributing area. Published by Elsevier B.V.
A LANCASTERIAN APPROACH FOR SPECIFYING DERIVED DEMANDS FOR RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Accurate estimations of recreational demand value of an additional facility, as represented by the schedules are important for projecting attendance at intersection of demand and supply functions. new facilities. Projecting future demand levels and An additional problem can result from failure to calculating social benefits of additional facilities can consider the effect of supply availability per se on the be biased, however, if an analyst does not consider demand for recreation. This neglect can bias both the influence of recreational opportunities. The projections of future attendance at various prices, and Lancasterian theory of household behavior provides a estimations of benefits from the provision of addiframework for exploring implications of the influence tional facilities. People tend not to engage in waterof such recreational opportunities on demand estima- based recreational activities if facilities are not easily tions, projections, and consumer surplus measures. A accessible. However, once these become accessible case study of boating demand is presented to empiri- and people begin to participate, their realized enjoycally investigate this framework.
Regulation of Manganese Antioxidants by Nutrient Sensing Pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In aerobic organisms, protection from oxidative damage involves the combined action of enzymatic and nonproteinaceous cellular factors that collectively remove harmful reactive oxygen species. One class of nonproteinaceous antioxidants includes small molecule complexes of manganese (Mn) that can scavenge superoxide anion radicals and provide a backup for superoxide dismutase enzymes. Such Mn antioxidants have been identified in diverse organisms; however, nothing regarding their physiology in the context of cellular adaptation to stress was known. Using a molecular genetic approach in Bakers' yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we report that the Mn antioxidants can fall under control of the same pathways used for nutrient sensing and stress responses. Specifically, a serine/threonine PAS-kinase, Rim15p, that is known to integrate phosphate, nitrogen, and carbon sensing, can also control Mn antioxidant activity in yeast. Rim15p is negatively regulated by the phosphate-sensing kinase complex Pho80p/Pho85p and by the nitrogen-sensing Akt/S6 kinase homolog, Sch9p. We observed that loss of either of these upstream kinase sensors dramatically inhibited the potency of Mn as an antioxidant. Downstream of Rim15p are transcription factors Gis1p and the redundant Msn2/Msn4p pair that typically respond to nutrient and stress signals. Both transcription factors were found to modulate the potency of the Mn antioxidant but in opposing fashions: loss of Gis1p was seen to enhance Mn antioxidant activity whereas loss of Msn2/4p greatly suppressed it. Our observed roles for nutrient and stress response kinases and transcription factors in regulating the Mn antioxidant underscore its physiological importance in aerobic fitness.
Phase Equilibria in the System Fe-Al-O

The composition limits for the spinel solid solution Fe(Fe1-x Alx)2O4 were determined experimentally as a function of oxygen pressure at 1280°, 1380°, and 1500°C, using precise lattice parameter measurements. The results were combined with information from the literature to develop self-consistent stability diagrams of P02 vs cation fraction at constant temperatures for the iron-aluminum oxide system.
Four-Body Scoring Function for Mutagenesis

Motivation: There is a need for an efficient and accurate computational method to identify the effects of single-and multiple-residue mutations on the stability and reactivity of proteins. Such a method should ideally be consistent and yet applicable in a widespread manner, i.e. it should be applied to various proteins under the same parameter settings, and have good predictive power for all of them. Results: We develop a Delaunay tessellation-based four-body scoring function to predict the effects of single-and multiple-residue mutations on the stability and reactivity of proteins. We test our scoring function on sets of single-point mutations used by several previous studies. We also assemble a new, diverse set of 237 single-and multiple-residue mutations, from over 24 different publications. The four-body scoring function correctly predicted the changes to the stability of 169 out of 210 mutants (80.5%), and the changes to the reactivity of 17 out of 27 mutants (63%). For the mutants that had the changes in stability/reactivity quantified (using reaction rates, temperatures, etc.), an average Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.67 was achieved with the four-body scores. We also develop an efficient method for screening huge numbers of mutants of a protein, called combinatorial mutagenesis. In one study, 64 million mutants of a cold-shock nucleus binding domain protein 1CSQ, with six of its residues being changed to all possible (20) amino acids, were screened within a few hours on a PC, and all five stabilizing mutants reported were correctly identified as stabilizing by combinatorial mutagenesis. Availability: All lists of mutants scored, and executables of programs developed as part of this study are available from this web page: http://www.wsu.edu/~kbala/Mutate.html Contact:[email protected] or [email protected] Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
THE FOSTER CARE OMBUDSMAN: APPLYING AN INTERNATIONAL CONCEPT TO HELP PREVENT INSTITUTIONAL ABUSE OF AMERICA'S FOSTER YOUTH

Children today are often abused while in foster care, undermining the theoretical goal of the modern foster care system: to create a temporary, safe, homelike setting to protect and nurture children who are unable to live with their biological parents due to various reasons such as abuse, neglect, or abandonment. Often this abuse is worse than the type for which they were removed from their parents’ care in the first place. First examining the reasons why this complex problem exists, this Note recommends an internationally based, innovative concept as a partial solution: the foster care ombudsman. This Note explains the concept of an ombudsman and demonstrates how it can be particularly helpful to foster children, highlighting existing child welfare ombudsman offices in California, Rhode Island, and New Jersey, as well as international approaches. It also illustrates how a foster care ombudsman can complement class action litigation of foster care abuse claims.
Chromatin structure and protein binding in the putative regulatory region of the c-myc gene in burkitt lymphoma

A chromosomal myc gene displays one of three patterns of activity depending upon the arrangement of the gene and its allelic partner. In nonmalignant B cells both myc alleles are normally expressed. In Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying both a translocated and a nontranslocated myc allele, the translocated allele is inappropriately expressed, while the nontranslocated allele is virtually inactive. Here we examine the chromatin structure of these genes using DNAase I hypersensitivity in nonmalignant lymphoblastoid cells and in the Burkitt lymphoma, BL31 . Three hypersensitivity patterns emerge that correlate with the state of the gene and reveal sites associated with putative regulatory structures. One region is associated with the two myc promoters, one with a specific nuclear protein binding site, and one--which is markedly enhanced in the inactive germline gene in the Burkitt cell--with a putative negative control region. The perturbation of the normal pattern in this particular Burkitt cell may be due to the action of an immunoglobulin enhancer.
Laparoscopic renal cryoablation in 32 patients.

Abstract Objectives. Laparoscopic renal cryoablation is a developmental minimally invasive nephron-sparing treatment alternative for highly select patients with small renal tumors. We present our evolving experience with this procedure. Methods. Thirty-two patients (34 tumors) with a mean tumor size of 2.3 cm on preoperative computed tomography underwent laparoscopic renal cryoablation. As dictated by the tumor location, cryoablation was performed by either the retroperitoneal (n = 22) or the transperitoneal (n = 10) laparoscopic approach using real-time ultrasound monitoring. A double freeze-thaw cycle was routinely performed. Results. The mean surgical time was 2.9 hours, cryoablation time 15.1 minutes, and blood loss 66.8 mL. For a mean intraoperative ultrasonographic tumor size of 2 cm, the mean cryolesion size was 3.2 cm. The hospital stay was less than 23 hours in 22 (69%) of 32 patients. Sequential magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated a gradual contraction in the mean diameter of the cryolesions. Of the 20 patients who underwent a 1-year follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scan, the cryoablated tumor was no longer visible in 5. Of note, 23 patients have now undergone a 3 to 6-month follow-up computed tomography-directed biopsy of the cryoablated tumor site; the biopsy was negative for cancer in all 23 patients. No evidence of local or port-site recurrence was found during a mean follow-up of 16.2 months. Conclusions. Critical long-term data regarding laparoscopic renal cryoablation, a developmental technique, are awaited. However, our initial experience is cautiously optimistic. Despite its significant potential for false-negative results, it is encouraging that the follow-up computed tomography-directed needle biopsies at 3 to 6 months were negative for cancer in 23 of 23 patients.
Flow regime determination for finned heat exchanger surfaces with dimples/protrusions

There are many modalities that may be used to enhance heat transfer performance. One of these modes, the embossing of channel walls with dimples and/or protrusions, is a technique which has the advantage of simplicity of fabrication. The assessment of the quality of a geometry-based heat transfer enhancement technique frequently involves the change in pressure drop that accompanies the geometric modification. This realization provides the motivation for the investigation reported here. The focus of this work is the identification of the existence of various sub-regimes within the laminar-flow regime. The investigation was implemented by numerical simulation supplemented by a three-dimensional model of periodic fully developed flow. The selected channel-height Reynolds number range extended from 200 to 800. Within this range, three sub-regime laminar flows were identified: friction-dominated flow, inertial-loss-dominated flow, and the transition between these flows. Another focus of the results was the pre...
Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia: Role in hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease

Resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and hyperinsulinemia may play a central role in the cause and clinical course of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, abnormalities of lipoprotein metabolism, and coronary heart disease. This article summarizes the evidence in support of this general hypothesis.
Evaluation of Lattice Thermal Conductivity for a Disordered One-Dimensional Harmonic Crystal

Thermal conductivity has been calculated for the case of a disordered one-dimensional insulating crystal with harmonic forces. The calculation is carried through exactly, to lowest order in the concentration of impurities, using propagator formalism to evaluate the Kubo formula for transport coefficients. The contribution of "local mode" vibrations to the conductivity is also calculated. This contribution is found to be of higher order in the concentration of impurities, but to display a distinctive temperature dependence.
On Changing Organizational Cultures by Injecting New Ideologies: The Power of Stories

Recent corporate legal and ethical meltdowns suggest that avoiding such harms to companies and to society requires a significant culture change within the organization. This paper addresses the issue of what it takes to change a corporate culture. While conventional wisdom may suggest that a change requires only the institution of an ethics office with proper reporting paths and an ethics code, such an approach is only a beginning. Many large corporations, especially those in danger of legal and ethical catastrophes, need to undertake multiple initiatives to generate a new culture that manifests new values and new vocabularies. A cultural change accomplished by changing large numbers of personnel is expensive in financial and human terms. One component of a less costly approach is to tell new and different stories within the corporation because stories establish the cultural DNA that gives organizations, families, and individuals their identities. Such changes in individual firms, however, are influenced by the ideological assumptions within which and under which the industry and the society operates.
Extent of Voltage Sensor Movement during Gating of Shaker K+ Channels

Voltage-driven activation of Kv channels results from conformational changes of four voltage sensor domains (VSDs) that surround the K(+) selective pore domain. How the VSD helices rearrange during gating is an area of active research. Luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) is a powerful spectroscopic ruler uniquely suitable for addressing the conformational trajectory of these helices. Using a geometric analysis of numerous LRET measurements, we were able to estimate LRET probe positions relative to existing structural models. The experimental movement of helix S4 does not support a large 15-20 A transmembrane "paddle-type" movement or a near-zero A vertical "transporter-type" model. Rather, our measurements demonstrate a moderate S4 displacement of 10 +/- 5 A, with a vertical component of 5 +/- 2 A. The S3 segment moves 2 +/- 1 A in the opposite direction and is therefore not moving as an S3-S4 rigid body.
Causes of otitis externa

Dogs with long-standing, chronic, recurrent otitis externa often represent one of the most frustrating types of problems in daily clinical practice. The important aspect of this discussion is that the clinician may be presented with a patient in which the primary chief complaint is otitis externa but a wide variety of disease processes may be causing the problem, including various combinations of the primary, predisposing, and perpetuating causes as discussed previously. The use of a thorough history and general and dermatologic physical examinations often leads the clinician to establish a systematic approach to identify the specific underlying problems. Until this is accomplished, the recurrent nature of the otitis externa will remain as a persistent problem.
Congruity effects and moderating influences in nutrient-claimed food advertising

Guided by self- and functional-congruity theory, this experiment tested a model to determine (1) whether the effects of nutrient-claimed food advertisements are differentially predicted by self- and functional-congruities and (2) how identified predictive effects are moderated by health consciousness, an individual level factor, and perceived food healthiness (i.e., healthy and unhealthy foods), a situational factor. Self- and functional-congruities were predictive of four specific attitudes toward nutrient-claimed food advertisements; however, the predictive power of functional-congruity was stronger than that of self-congruity. Predictive relationships were moderated by health consciousness level, but not by the perceived healthiness of advertised foods. The results advance understanding of the information processing of food advertising in a nutrition-related messaging context, and indicate potentially significant theoretical, managerial, and policy implications.
Physiology should be taught as science is practiced: an inquiry-based activity to investigate the “alkaline tide”

the american association for the advancement of science (AAAS) strongly recommends that “science be taught as science is practiced” ([1][1], [2][2]). This means that the teaching approach must be consistent with the nature of scientific inquiry ([5][3]). To add scientific inquiry to our large
Optimal control applied to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospitals

Optimal control methods are applied to a deterministic mathematical model to characterize the factors contributing to the replacement of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) with community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), and quantify the effectiveness of three interventions aimed at limiting the spread of CA-MRSA in healthcare settings. Characterizations of the optimal control strategies are established, and numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the results.
Six degree-of-freedom maneuvering simulation of an experimental model undergoing severe maneuvers using recursive neural networks

A technique, using recursive neural networks (RNN), has been developed for solving the six degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) equations of motion for an experimental radio controlled model (RCM) undergoing severe 6-DOF maneuvers. Experimental results and analyses indicate that the vehicle dynamics of the model during these severe maneuvers are dominated by forced unsteady fluid mechanics. Since neural networks have previously proven effective in modeling forced unsteady fluid mechanics, the approach taken was to extend these techniques to develop a neural network 6-DOF simulation of the vehicle dynamics based on the experimentally obtained data. Based on this paradigm, the only external inputs to the RNN were the time-varying control signals (Plane deflection angles and rates, Propeller RPM). The required outputs were the time-varying 6-DOF vehicle dynamics [u(t), v(t), w(t), p(t), q(t), rWl. The vehicle accelerations, Euler angles and trajectories were also calculated throughout the maneuver. Performance was judged by directly comparing the neural network predicted state variables and calculated trajectories to the experimentally recorded state variables and trajectories of the experimental model. The results showed that all variables (accelerations, velocities, angles and displacements) were accurately predicted throughout the entire maneuver. Further, all maneuvers could be accurately predicted over any time period during which the control inputs were a known function. The results also clearly showed that the RNN 6-DOF simulation generalized to severe maneuvers not used in the development process. Overall, the results * Johns Hopkins University Member AIAA Correspondence: David Taylor Model Basin, Code 503 Carderock Division, NSWC Bethesda, Maryland 20084-5000 t David Taylor Model Basin, Code 50 & 56 Carderock Division, NSWC Bethesda, Maryland 20084-5000 This paper is declared a work of the United States Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. indicate that recursive neural networks provide an effective and accurate means for solving six degreeof-freedom equations of motion during severe maneuvers.
Effects of polydatin on phospholipase A, in rat lung with endotoxic shock rats

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of polydatin on phospholipase A2 in rat lung with endotoxic shock. METHODS Using a rat endoloxic shock model, animals were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: sham operation group(A), endotoxic shock group (B), polydatin treatment group(C) and polydatin prevention group(D).MAP (mean artery pressure) was measured once half an hour. Lung tissue was collected after the experiment was finished. The activity of PLA2 was measured by acid titration. The gene expression of secretory phospholipase A2 type Ⅱ A (sPLA2-ⅡA) was detected by RT-PCR. Furthermore, the histologic damages of lung among groups were investigated by microscope. RESULTS The activity of PLA2 and the gene expression of sPLA2-Ⅱ A were increased by endotoxin, but polydatin restrained these effects of endotoxin. Enough morphological evidence was found in pathological sections of lung. Especially, the protective effects were more obvious in polydatin prevention group. CONCLUSION Polydatin was found to have prophylactic and therapeutic effects on acute lung injury following endotoxic shock and the prophylactic effect tends to be better than the therapeutic effects. Polydatin may be a phospholipase A2 inhibitor.
Historic grazing in southern New England, USA, recorded by fungal spores in lake sediments

Decadal-scale analyses of fungal spores in a lake-sediment core from Ware Pond, located in the town of Marblehead in northeastern Massachusetts, test the potential of this approach for reconstructing past sheep and cattle grazing in southern New England, USA. The influx of spores of Sordaria and other coprophilous taxa increases at ad 1650, which corresponds with the beginning of European settlement, and subsequent peaks in these taxa at ad 1840 coincide with maximum abundances of weedy and agricultural taxa in the pollen record. Historical data from Marblehead and neighbouring towns indicate that maximum numbers of cattle and sheep occurred at this time. These findings suggest that fungal spores in New England lake sediments can be used to reconstruct changes in grazing pressure over time at the landscape scale.
Insecticidal resistance of Musca domestica in urban areas of Liaoning

Objective To determine the insecticidal resistance of Musca domestica in urban areas of Liaoning in order to provide the basis for scientific administration of insecticides in fly control.Methods Topical application of insecticides solved in acetone was made to the mesonotum of M. domestica. Results Different degrees of resistance of M. domestica to four commonly used insecticides were observed in Fushun, Benxi, Liaoyang, Anshan city of Liaoning. The resistance to deltamethrin was the highest, with the average resistance coefficient of 61.60, followed by the resistance to propoxur with an average resistance coefficient of 22.65. The average resistance coefficients to alpha-cypermethrin and dichlorvos were 8.71 and 4.72, respectively. Conclusion Insecticides should be applied scientifically to effectively curb the increase in insecticidal resistance of M. domestica.
Monitoring and analysis of food additives and non-food substances in Siming district during 2009-2013

Objective To understand the actual situation of the use of food additives and non-food substances in partial food in Siming district.Methods Food samples were randomly collected for detection by national test methods,and the detection results were evaluated in accordance with GB/T 2760-2011"Standards for use of food additives".Results Two hundred and fifty-three food samples of 7 categories,such as meat products,wheatmeal products,processed edible fungus,unfermented soy products,processed vegetables,beverage,preserved food,were tested.The total over-limit rate was 24.5%.The proportions of exceeding the scope,exceeding the limiting standards and non-food substances were 17.2%,6.96% and 1.10% % respectively.The over-limit rates of wheatmeal products,processed edible fungus and unfermented soy products ranked the top three,56.9%,48.1% and 17.6% respectively in sample category.While the over-limit rates of alum,sodium cyclamate and remnant sulfur dioxide were serious,56.0%,21.0% and 19.0% respectively,in item category.Conclusion The situation of food additives abuse and illegally adding non-food substances was bot optimistic.It was suggested to solve the problem by social shared concept.
Should Your Hospital Have a Multipurpose Autopsy Service

Apart from its classic functions of establishing cause of death, accuracy of antemortem diagnosis, and efficacy of treatment, the truly modern autopsy service plays an important role in monitoring new therapies and environmental factors. It is a crucial resource for transplantation and, with the addition of electronic data processing, opens the way to comprehensive definition of the natural history of most disease.
Respiratory responses to sustained static muscular contractions in humans.

1. Respiratory responses to sustained static forearm and leg contractions performed separately and simultaneously were investigated in human volunteers. 2. Oesophageal pressure measurements indicated no tendency to breath hold or fix the thorax during fatiguing static contractions. 3. Marked hyperventilation occurred invariably with the static efforts, resulting in striking increases in ventilatory equivalent and reduction of end-tidal CO 2 . Simultaneous contraction of arm and leg muscle groups did not result in additive respiratory responses. 4. Contractions performed during circulatory occlusion or cool water immersion of the involved limb produced results which led to the conclusion that the hyperventilation is not due to stimulation of pain fibres, nor to stimulation of chemoreceptors locally or centrally by metabolites released from the active muscle. Some additional possible mechanisms responsible for the hyperventilation are discussed.
Comparing Nonprofit Sectors Around the World: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It?

The expansion of nonprofit sectors in most countries around the world during the last decades has spurred interest in comparative research. This article documents and analyses the most significant primary sources that can be used to analyze the size and salience of nonprofit sectors in different countries. The focus is on five major research projects: the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project, National Satellite Accounts, CIVICUS Civil Society Index, USAID CSO Sustainability Index, and the NGO Law Monitor. Additionally, the article documents numerous other studies that measure key indicators impacting the sector. These multiple sources often draw seemingly contradictory conclusions. Nonetheless, they can be used to trace the contours of cultural frames—[Neo]Liberal, Corporatist, Social Democratic, Emerging, Developing and Authoritarian—that inform our understanding of how nonprofit sectors operate under diverse political, economic, and social conditions and allow observers to situate the dynamics of the nonprofit sector of any one country in the broader context of other similar polities.
The Legitimacy of Nostalgia

ABSTRACTIn Fractured Republic, Yuval Levin criticizes nostalgia as obstacle to conservative reforms. This essay defends nostalgia as a indispensable element of politics. Rather than dismissing nostalgia, we should attempt use it, guided by the virtue of prudence. Shakespeare, Tocqueville, Mencken, and Dos Passos provide models of this prudent nostalgia.
Factors influencing time to case registration for youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study.

Abstract Purpose The development of a sustainable pediatric diabetes surveillance system for the United States requires a better understanding of issues related to case ascertainment. Methods Using the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth registry, we examined whether time from diabetes diagnosis to case registration differed by diabetes type, patient demographics, and the type of provider reporting the case to the study. Plots for time from diagnosis to registration were developed, and differences by key variables were examined using the log-rank test. Results Compared with time to registration for type 1 cases, it took 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5–2.6) times longer to register 50% of type 2 diabetes cases, and 2.3 (95% CI, 2.0–2.5) times longer to register 90% of type 2 cases. For type 1 diabetes cases, a longer time to registration was associated with older age, minority race/ethnicity, and cases, where the referring provider was not an endocrinologist. For type 2 diabetes cases, older age, non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity, and cases reported by providers other than an endocrinologist took longer to identify and register. Conclusions These findings highlight the need for continued childhood diabetes surveillance to identify future trends and influences on changes in prevalence and incidence.
Review: Population Structure in Genetic Studies: Confounding Factors and Mixed Models

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) seeks to identify genetic variants that contribute to the development and progression of a specific disease. Over the past 10 years, new approaches using mixed models have emerged to mitigate the deleterious effects of population structure and relatedness in association studies. However, developing GWAS techniques to effectively test for association while correcting for population structure is a computational and statistical challenge. Our review motivates the problem of population structure in association studies using laboratory mouse strains and how it can cause false positives associations. We then motivate mixed models in the context of unmodeled factors.