cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mobile Agent Trajectory Prediction using Bayesian Nonparametric Reachability Trees

This paper presents an efficient trajectory prediction algorithm that has been developed to improve the performance of future collision avoidance and detection systems. The main idea is to embed the inferred intention information of surrounding agents into their estimated reachability sets to obtain a probabilistic description of their future paths. More specifically, the proposed approach combines the recently developed RRT-Reach algorithm and mixtures of Gaussian Processes. RRT-Reach was introduced by the authors as an extension of the closed-loop rapidly-exploring random tree (CL-RRT) algorithm to compute reachable sets of moving objects in real-time. A mixture of Gaussian processes (GP) is a flexible nonparametric Bayesian model used to represent a distribution over trajectories and have been previously demonstrated by the authors in a UAV interception and tracking of ground vehicles planning scheme. The mixture is trained using typical maneuvers learned from statistical data, and RRT-Reach utilizes samples from the GP to grow probabilistically weighted feasible paths of the surrounding vehicles. The resulting approach, denoted as RR-GP, has RRTReach’s benefits of computing trajectories that are dynamically feasible by construction, therefore efficiently approximating the reachability set of surrounding vehicles following typical patterns. RRT-GP also features the GP mixture’s benefits of providing a probabilistic weighting on the feasible trajectories produced by RRTReach, allowing our system to systematically weight trajectories by their likelihood. A demonstrative example on a car-like vehicle illustrates the advantages of the RR-GP approach by comparing it to two other GP-based algorithms.
Lessons Learned from Ballroom Dancing with Older Adults

During the spring of 2015, we were two MSW students who collaborated on a pilot program for the benefit of older adults. We began with the usual literature review for the purpose of defining the ta...
Spliceosomal component Sf3b1 is essential for hematopoietic differentiation in zebrafish

SF3B1 ( Splicing factor 3b , subunit 1 ) is one of the most commonly mutated factors in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Although the genetic correlation between SF3B1 mutations and MDS etiology are quite strong, no in vivo model currently exists to explore how SF3B1 loss alters blood cell development. Using zebrafish mutants, we show here that proper function of Sf3b1 is required for all hematopoietic lineages. As in MDS patients, zebrafish sf3b1 mutants develop a macrocytic-anemia–like phenotype due to a block in maturation at a late progenitor stage. The mutant embryos also develop neutropenia, because their primitive myeloid cells fail to mature and turn on differentiation markers such as l-plastin and myeloperoxidase. In contrast, production of definitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from hemogenic endothelial cells within the dorsal aorta is greatly diminished, whereas arterial endothelial cells are correctly fated. Notch signaling, imperative for the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, is also normal, indicating that HSPC induction is blocked in sf3b1 mutants downstream or independent of Notch signaling. The data demonstrate that Sf3b1 function is necessary during key differentiation fate decisions in multiple blood cell types. Zebrafish sf3b1 mutants offer a novel animal model with which to explore the role of splicing in hematopoietic development and provide an excellent in vivo system with which to delve into the question of why and how Sf3b1 dysfunction is detrimental to hematopoietic differentiation, which could improve MDS diagnosis and treatment.
Contribution of experimental pathology to the understanding of human pyelonephritis

The close similarities between the urinary tract of primates make it possible to use the monkey as a model for understanding the pathophysiology of pyelonephritis in the human. Basically, experimental protocols consist in introducing uropathogenic strains of E. coli into the bladder and/or the ureter in the monkey and to determine early and late consequences of the subsequent renal tissue infection. Lesions appear within the first minutes of bacterial invasion. They result from the virulence of the parasite, which pertains to multiple factors, with a prominent role of fimbrial adhesion. However, the defense mechanisms of the host better explain the renal tissue insult. They comprise early ischoemia due to granulocyte aggregation within the renal capillaries, followed by damage due to oxygen free radicals which are generated during reperfusion. The primate model of pyelonephritis is extremely useful to understand most clinical, functional and radiological events observed in the course of human pyelonephritis. This model also serves to test pharmacological manoeuvres aimed at preventing the renal tissue injury of pyelonephritis.
The growth of logical thinking. Piaget's contribution to ego psychology.

(1971). The Growth of Logical Thinking. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 317-341.
Comparison of Photoneutron Yields in Tungsten Calculated by MCNPX Using Different Photonuclear Cross-Section Data for Typical Radiation Therapy Energies

During radiation therapy treatments, neutron contamination can be a source of unwanted radiation dose to the patient and medical personnel. Accurate cross-section data is needed to characterize the...
The Jaundiced Baby

Jaundice is common in the neonate and up to 60% of babies are jaundiced. The most common cause is physiological jaundice which resolves by day 14. Continuing jaundice after 14 days (21 days in preterm infant) requires urgent investigation. Those who are found to have unconjugated jaundice (indirect hyperbilirubinemia) should be investigated for hypothyroidism, urinary tract infection and haemolysis.
Modeling Interference for Apache Spark Jobs

To maximize resource utilization and system throughput, hardware resources are often shared across multiple Apache Spark jobs through virtualization techniques in cloud platforms. However, while the performance of these jobs running in virtualized environment can be negatively affected due to interference caused by resource contention, it is nontrivial to predict the effect of interference on job performance in such settings, which is critical for efficient scheduling of such jobs and performance troubleshooting. To address this challenge, in this paper, we develop analytical models to estimate the effect of interference among multiple Apache Spark jobs running concurrently on job execution time in virtualized cloud environment. We evaluated the accuracy of our models using four real-life applications (e.g., Page rank, K-means, Logistic regression, and Word count) on a 6 node cluster while running up to four jobs concurrently. Our experimental results show that the model can achieve high prediction accuracy, and ranges between 86% to 99% when the number of concurrent jobs are four and all start simultaneously, and ranges between 71% to 99% when the number of concurrent jobs are four and start at different times.
Using a Computational Study of Hydrodynamics in the Wax Lake Delta to Examine Data Sharing Principles

In this paper we describe a complex dataset used to study the circulation and wind-driven flows in the Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana, USA under winter storm conditions. The whole package bundles a large dataset (approximately 74 GB), which includes the numerical model, software and scripts for data analysis and visualization, as well as detailed documentation. The raw data came from multiple external sources, including government agencies, community repositories, and deployed field instruments and surveys. Each raw dataset goes through the processes of data QA/QC, data analysis, visualization, and interpretation. After integrating multiple datasets, new data products are obtained which are then used with the numerical model. The numerical model undergoes model verification, testing, calibration, and optimization. With a complex algorithm of computation, the model generates a structured output dataset, which is, after post-data analysis, presented as informative scientific figures and tables that allow interpretations and conclusions contributing to the science of coastal physical oceanography. Performing this study required a tremendous amount of effort. While the work resulted in traditional dissemination via a thesis, journal articles and conference proceedings, more can be gained. The data can be reused to study reproducibility or as preliminary investigation to explore a new topic. With thorough documentation and well-organized data, both the input and output dataset should be ready for sharing in a domain or institutional repository. Furthermore, the data organization and documentation also serves as a guideline for future research data management and the development of workflow protocols. Here we will describe the dataset created by this study, how sharing the dataset publicly could enable validation of the current study and extension by new studies, and the challenges that arise prior to sharing the dataset .
Regulation of Thalamic and Cortical Network Synchrony by Scn8a.

Voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) mutations cause severe epilepsies marked by intermittent, pathological hypersynchronous brain states. Here we present two mechanisms that help to explain how mutations in one VGSC gene, Scn8a, contribute to two distinct seizure phenotypes: (1) hypoexcitation of cortical circuits leading to convulsive seizure resistance, and (2) hyperexcitation of thalamocortical circuits leading to non-convulsive absence epilepsy. We found that loss of Scn8a leads to altered RT cell intrinsic excitability and a failure in recurrent RT synaptic inhibition. We propose that these deficits cooperate to enhance thalamocortical network synchrony and generate pathological oscillations. To our knowledge, this finding is the first clear demonstration of a pathological state tied to disruption of the RT-RT synapse. Our observation that loss of a single gene in the thalamus of an adult wild-type animal is sufficient to cause spike-wave discharges is striking and represents an example of absence epilepsy of thalamic origin.
Genetics of Denitrification in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Stutzeri

Genetic studies on denitrifiers have been largely limited to Pseudomonas aeruginosa because of its well studied genetic systems of gene transfer—conjugative and transductional. Studies on this organism have identified and located a number of genes encoding the enzymes that mediate nitrate reduction including the assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate and nitrite reductases. All of these are chromosomically located and none is contiguous with another. These studies also revealed the biochemical explanation for assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate reduction being catalyzed by distinct enzyme: the dissimilatory enzyme cannot function in the presence of oxygen because electrons from the membrane-associated transport chain flow preferentially to it rather than nitrate.
Chapter 43 Urbanization in transforming economies

Abstract The past half-century has witnessed a dramatic change in the way in which people live. Fifty years ago, only a small proportion of the less developed world lived in cities, and world poverty was overwhelmingly rural. In 1950, less than one-fifth of the population of the “third world” was urban; in the next five years or so, a majority of developing countries' populations will be urban. This dramatic social change has captured the attention of development economists and, to a lesser degree, urban economists. This chapter examines what has been learned in a variety of areas. Section 1 discusses the stylized patterns of urbanization in the developing world, while Section 2 turns to models of third world city growth and their empirical estimates, discussing partial equilibrium models, general equilibrium models, economy-wide computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, demographic-economic perspectives, and household migration modeling. Section 3 considers the impact of government policies on urbanization. Particular attention is devoted to structural adjustment policies, urban biases in public expenditures, and issues unique to (ex)-socialist economies. Section 4 examines structural impediments to urban development, including labor and land markets, transportation issues, public finance and social infrastructure concerns, and urban spatial structure. The final section looks at the macroeconomic impacts of urbanization—on wage gaps and income distribution, demand patterns and economic efficiency. 1
A Functional Equation Characterization of Archimedean Ordered Fields

We prove that an ordered field is Archimedean if and only if every continuous additive function from the field to itself is linear over the field.
Collaboration Metrics Among Female and Male Researchers: A 5-Year Review of Publications in Major Radiology Journals

Rationale and Objectives Women are under-represented in radiology, but the implications of this under-representation are poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if articles published by women in major radiology journals were more collaborative. Materials and Methods Following an institutional review board exemption, we reviewed all original research articles in Radiology, in the American Journal of Roentgenology, and in Academic Radiology from 2011 to 2015. For each article, the gender of the first and the last authors and proxy measures of collaboration were recorded, including the total number of authors, female authors, departments, and institutions. Nominal logistic regression analysis was used to test for associations while controlling for confounders. Results There were 1934 articles analyzed. Female first and last authors represented 30.2% (585 of 1934) and 24.4% (473 of 1934) of the articles, respectively. A female first author was associated with more female last authors (36% vs 20%, P Conclusions Original research articles published with a female first or last author were associated with more departments and institutions, but not with the total number of authors, suggesting that women engage in some metrics of more collaborative research.
Modeling Learners' Cognitive and Affective States to Scaffold SRL in Open-Ended Learning Environments

The relationship between learners' cognitive and affective states has become a topic of increased interest, especially because it is an important component of self-regulated learning (SRL) processes. This paper studies sixth grade students' SRL processes as they work in Betty's Brain, an agent-based open-ended learning environment (OELE). In this environment, students learn science topics by building causal models. Our analyses combine observational data on student affect to log files of students' interactions within the OELE. Preliminary analyses show that two relatively infrequent affective states, boredom and delight, show especially marked differences among high and low performing students. Further analysis shows that many of these differences occur after receiving feedback from the virtual agents in the Betty's Brain environment. We discuss the implications of these differences and how they can be used to construct adaptive personalized scaffolds.
Mechanisms of peroxynitrite-induced injury to pulmonary surfactants

Activated alveolar macrophages secrete both nitric oxide and superoxide in the alveolar lining fluid which combine rapidly to form peroxynitrite, a potent oxidizing agent capable of damaging lipids and proteins in biological membranes. Peroxynitrite (1 mM) plus 100 microM Fe3+EDTA inhibited calf lung surfactant extract (CLSE) from reaching a minimum surface tension below 10 mN/m on dynamic compression. Peroxynitrite and its by-products reacted with the unsaturated lipid components of CLSE, as evidenced by the appearance of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid products, and damaged all surfactant proteins. A mixture of the hydrophobic proteins [surfactant protein B (SP-B) and surfactant protein C (SP-C)] exposed to peroxynitrite became incapable of lowering phospholipid minimum surface tension on dynamic compression. Exposure of SP-A to peroxynitrite decreased its ability to cause lipid aggregation and to act synergistically with SP-B and SP-C in lowering surface tension of surfactant lipids. Western blot analysis of SP-A exposed to peroxynitrite was consistent with fragmentation and polymerization of the 28- to 36-kDa triplet band, and amino acid analysis revealed the presence of significant levels of 3-nitro-L-tyrosine. We conclude that peroxynitrite and its reactive intermediates inhibit pulmonary surfactant function by lipid peroxidation and damaging surfactant proteins.
Advances in modeling of estuarine and coastal environments

Publisher Summary To protect the estuarine and coastal environments from pollutant loading and natural hazards, integrated models of estuarine and coastal environments are needed, to quantitatively determine the changes in estuarine and coastal environments because of anthropogenic and natural causes. This chapter reviews recent advances in the development and application of numerical models for estuarine and coastal environments, and some famous techniques, such as Chesapeake Bay modeling system, the hydrologic modeling system for the Everglades, and the UF–CH3D–IMS developed for Florida. The chapter covers major aspects—namely, integration of processes, resolution of complex geometries, numerical algorithms, and high performance modeling techniques. One of the major challenges in estuarine and coastal modeling is the accurate resolution of the complex geometries. Classical estuarine and coastal models use finite difference models with rectangular grids.
Public relations, issue management, and the transformation of American environmentalism, 1948-1992

This article examines the case of U.S. corporate environmentalism as a dramatic instance of issue management over four decades. Drawing on administrative and trade publications, archival sources, and personal interviews, the article tracks the gradual adoption of issue management and strategic planning techniques by the environmental public relations industry, demonstrating the increasingly powerful role of PR in influencing environmental policy making in the United States. By tracing its origins in the realm of environmental issues, the article argues that issue management became, over a forty-year period, a key strategy to define, limit, and control the concept of the environment in American society. The issue management tactics deployed by public relations actors to counter environmental activism and regulation offer a paradigmatic example from which to derive critical insights about the twin evolution of American social movements and the public relations industry.
Neuromuscular function of the plantar flexors and predictors of peak power in middle-aged and older males.

Abstract Little evidence exists regarding the contribution of torque and velocity to the age-related decrease in peak power (PP) for the plantar flexors (PFs). A comprehensive assessment of PF neuromuscular function is necessary to elucidate age-related changes, especially between middle-aged and older adults, in order to identify early, age-related decrements. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine neuromuscular function of the PFs in middle-aged and older males, and identify predictors of PP. Twenty-eight healthy, middle-aged (n = 13; 45.1 ± 2.7 yrs) and older (n = 15; 65.3 ± 3.2 yrs) males performed concentric isotonic PF contractions ranging in intensity from 20% to 70% isometric strength using a dynamometer. PP in addition to velocity and torque at the moment in time PP occurred, as well as the rate of velocity, torque (RTD), and power (RPD) development were recorded. The rate of electromyography rise (RER) was derived from the linear slope of the normalized electromyography signal. Isometric and concentric dynamic strength were assessed, as well as cross-sectional area and muscle quality (i.e., echo intensity) of the PFs via panoramic ultrasonography. The relationship between serum c-terminal agrin levels and select variables was examined to explore the potential role of neuromuscular junction deterioration. Appendicular lean mass and physical activity level were similar between groups (p > 0.05), and only PP (p = 0.046; d = 0.79), RPD (p = 0.026; d = 0.90), RTD (p = 0.022; d = 0.91), and RER (p = 0.010; d = 1.04) were lower in older males. When groups were collapsed, RTD was the only significant predictor of PP, while c-terminal agrin levels were not associated with any variables. Our findings indicate that PP and time-dependent parameters of muscle activation and contractile function of the PFs are dramatically diminished in older adults compared to middle-aged adults. PP is produced at the same velocity and relative intensity in middle-aged and older males, and RTD is most influential for PP. The inability of the PFs to be rapidly activated appeared to be influential for the age-related impairment in PP and time-dependent contractile parameters.
Spooky predictions at a distance: reality, complementarity and contextuality in quantum theory.

This article brings together reality, complementarity and contextuality in quantum theory. It clarifies Bohr's concept of complementarity by considering the non-realist epistemology and the corresp...
16 – Scarcity and Choice: The Poverty Problem

Publisher Summary The poverty problem is a serious one in the United States. It affects between 10% and 20% of the population—depending on the poverty measure used. Absolute poverty has been reduced in the United States in recent years, but relative poverty remains about the same. Poverty strikes most groups to some extent. Blacks, women, the old, and the young bear a disproportionate poverty burden. Unemployment, poor education, and discrimination are the causes of poverty in these groups. Governments use many types of policies to reduce poverty. Transfer payments give money to the poor. Minimum wage laws attempt to increase incomes artificially by propping up wage rates. Training programs try to make the poor's labor more valuable. Public employment programs offer an employer a last resort. Anti-poverty programs force trade-offs. The poor, the government, employees, and employers face the problem of scarcity and deal with the opportunity costs that result.
Risk factors of brain injury in late preterm infants

Late preterm is labeled near term. As developmental immaturity, there was higher morbidity in late preterm infants compared with term infants. Especially brain injury, a 3-fold increased risk of cerebralpalsy and significantly higher rates of developmental delay and mental retardation for late preterm infants compared with term infants. In addition, a higher rates of neonatal complications had been documented on late preterm infants. These problems included apnea, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress syndome, and poor feeding. It was known that long-term impact of these diseases will result in brain injury. Key words: Late preterm infants; Brain injury; Development; Risk
Crystalline Molecular Standards for Low-Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopies

The sub-200 cm−1 (sub-6 THz) vibrations of molecular crystals provide identifying features that are characteristic of each solid sample under study. These distinctive vibrational spectra have driven the development of new techniques and instrumentation in analytical spectroscopy. As terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and low-frequency Raman spectroscopy become increasingly prevalent in non-specialist laboratories, the need for a common set of spectral standards for use across these techniques becomes imperative. To meet this need, α-lactose monohydrate, biotin, and L-cystine are proposed here as molecular standards to evaluate instrument performance with both terahertz and Raman spectroscopies, as well serve as benchmarks for quantum mechanical simulations and analyses of these spectra. These substances all reveal a series of readily discernable peaks across the low-frequency region and also over a range of temperatures (295–50 K) making them even more useful. The often overlooked aspect of detailed spectral interpretation and assignment is directly addressed with rigorous solid-state density functional theory simulations of the three compounds based on a standard computational framework. By investigating these proposed molecular crystal standards with commonly available experimental and theoretical approaches, a set of realistic performance expectations can be achieved for both commercial instrumentation and software being used in low-frequency vibrational spectroscopy.
Utilization of Existing Generation Fleets Using Large-scale Energy Storage Systems

In this work, we develop an optimization framework to evaluate the benefit of large-scale energy storage system (ESS) for utilizing an existing generation fleet that often operates at suboptimal working conditions due to peaky nature of the load. The objective is to find the optimal schedule for thermal units and the ESS that minimizes the daily system operating cost. This cost is the sum of the fuel cost, variable O & M cost and start-up cost of all thermal units and ESS degradation cost. A case study is conducted to evaluate the operating cost savings by using ESS for a utility company in Alaska.
Sense2Vec: Representation and Visualization of Multivariate Sensory Time Series Data

Processing multivariate sensory time-series with variable lengths is a challenging problem across different application domains due to the naturally complex, high-dimensional, and often non-stationary nature of the data. An excellent example can be found in the temperature-controlled transportation of goods where sensors could be placed in different locations along the supply chain and data could be coming from different shipments with different numbers of observations across time. In this paper, we propose a new approach (Sense2Vec) for processing variable-length sensory time-series data leveraging various similarity metrics between different time-series temperature profiles. The proposed algorithm is shown to be independent of the distance similarity measure (like dynamic time warping or Pearson’s correlation coefficient) and provides better visualization and summarization of the multivariate raw time-series through representations that are robust to noise and outliers. Specifically, a moving clipping mechanism is used to create uniform sets of disjoint sensory recordings across multiple groups to calculate normalized similarity distances followed by a weighted fusion and concatenation to create a representative vector for each sensor group. The proposed algorithm is tested on a novel food transportation dataset which consists of temperature recordings from wireless sensor networks implemented on different shipments of perishable commodities across the United States. Graphical results show that the algorithm facilitates discovering similarities and discrepancies across the transportation process to find proper representations while reducing the time-series dimensionality for back-end applications.
GERD and Barrett’s Esophagus: Ablative and Non-Ablative Therapies

The efficacy, safety, and durability of mucosal ablation together with endoscopic resection for the treatment of patients with dysplastic and early neoplastic BE have replaced esophagectomy or intensive surveillance. These options, in addition to optical and digital tools aid in the diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus, have revolutionized the field while the treatment of the GEJ by radiofrequency may control GERD for many who are refractory to PPI therapy and are unwilling to undergo anti-reflux surgery and for those who are concerned about long-term, PPI-related, adverse events.
Evaluating methods for estimating mortality from acoustic telemetry data

Mortality rates are major determinants of long-term sustainability of exploited fish populations, yet accurately estimating these rates can be challenging. We used simulations to evaluate nonspatia...
Dear Haecceitism

If a counterpart theorist’s understanding of the counterpart relation precludes haecceitist differences between possible worlds, as David Lewis’s does, how can he admit haecceitist possibilities, as Lewis wants to? Lewis (Philosophical Review 3–32, 1983; On the Plurality of Worlds, 1986) devised what he called a ‘cheap substitute for haecceitism,’ which would allow for haecceitist possibilities while preserving the counterpart relation as a purely qualitative one. The solution involved lifting an earlier (Journal of Philosophy 65(5):113–126, 1968; 68(7):203–211, 1971) ban on there being multiple intra-world counterparts. I argue here that serious problems for ‘cheap haecceitism’ lurk very close to its surface, and they emerge when we consider the effect of using an actuality operator in our language. Among the most serious of the problems is the result that being the case in some possible world does not always suffice for possibly being the case. The result applies to any counterpart theory that employs a purely qualitative counterpart relation. The upshot is that if we are to admit haecceitist possibilities, as we should, then we must reject any purely qualitative relation as the one involved in the analysis of what might have been for an individual.
Dare Mighty Things: Fly on Mars [Young Professionals]

In this issue of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, we are excited to have a very interesting contribution to the “Young Professionals” column from Dr. Nacer Chahat of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory on how he and his team made the impossible possible: flying the Mars helicopter for the first time in the history of humankind. This is a truly inspirational story for Young Professionals (YPs). The IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society’s (AP-S) YPs Committee is pleased to announce a new initiative: IEEE AP-S YP Ambassador Program. The objective of this program is to inspire, inform, and involve AP-S YPs on a variety of topics both technical and nontechnical and to enhance their interest and engagement in the field of antennas and propagation by delivering the talks at various Chapters and Sections meetings “on-demand” virtually.
Maternal and Child Mortality: Analysis of Nurse Home Visiting in 3 RCTs.

Introduction The impact of intensive prenatal and infant/toddler nurse home visiting on low-income mothers’ and children's survival was examined in 3 RCTs following participants over 2-decade periods after trial registration during pregnancy (data gathered between 1978 and 2015 and analyzed between 2016 and 2020). Methods All-cause and external-cause maternal mortality and preventable-cause child mortality were examined using National Death Index data. Survival rates were calculated for all the 1,138 mothers randomized and 1,076 live-born children in the second RCT (conducted in Memphis, TN) and for all the 1,135 mothers randomized and 1,087 live-born children in the first and third RCTs combined (conducted in Elmira, NY and Denver, CO). Results There were no significant nurse home visiting–control differences in maternal mortality in Memphis or Elmira and Denver. Posthoc analysis, combining all 3 trials, suggested a reduction in external-cause maternal mortality among nurse-visited mothers (p=0.054). There was a marginally significant nurse home visiting–control difference in preventable-cause child mortality (p=0.09) in Memphis. Conclusions These results support examining maternal and child mortality in additional nurse home visiting trials with larger samples living in disadvantaged contexts. Intensive prenatal and infant/toddler home visiting by nurses for mothers and children living in poverty may decrease premature death.
Delivery strategies for ex vivo and in vivo T-cell reprogramming

Abstract In recent years, the immune system has increasingly been recognized as a critical component to understanding cancer progression and cellular microenvironments. This has led to massive growth in the field of cancer immunotherapy, in which the patient's natural defense mechanisms are harnessed and enhanced to fight cancer. In this field, T-cell engineering has been the most widely studied and developed approach, with checkpoint inhibitors like anti-PD-1 antibody recently showing impressive clinical success for solid tumors and ex vivo engineering of chimeric antigen receptor T-cells making a significant impact on liquid tumors. There has been continued basic and translational research interest in developing engineering technologies for delivery of therapeutic agents to induce T-cell reprogramming both ex vivo and in vivo for cancer immunotherapy. In this chapter, delivery technologies that provide surface stimulation to T-cells (outside-in) as well as technologies that deliver intracellular mediators to T-cells (inside-out) for reprogramming to enhance anti-cancer activity are discussed.
Pedestrian Re-identification using a Surround-view Fisheye Camera System*

In a multi-camera system, matching the same pedestrian across different camera views is a challenging problem. Pedestrian detection and ReIDentification (ReID) plays an important role in preventing traffic accidents involving pedestrians, for both conventional and autonomous vehicles. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing work which addresses the problem of pedestrian ReID in a typical vehicle setting, where the vehicle is equipped with a 360° surround-view with fisheye cameras. In this paper, we propose a deep learning system, Seeing Pedestrians in Surround-View Moving Cameras (SPinSVMC), that consists of a Single Camera Detection and Tracking (Single-Cam-D&T) module and Two Cameras ReID (2Cam-ReID) module applied to multi-camera views. The Single-Cam module uses a YOLOv3 model to detect the pedestrians in single camera view videos, and a model that combines OSnet with DeepSORT to track pedestrians and assign an ID for each detected pedestrian. Both models were adapted to the fisheye images through transfer learning processes. The 2Cam-ReID module consists of a camera constraint model and a pedestrian ReID model developed for tracking pedestrians in images captured by a pair of adjacent cameras with overlapping views and assigning unique IDs to the pedestrians captured by both cameras. We evaluated both models on a real-world traffic dataset captured by surround-view fisheye cameras mounted on top of a vehicle. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed two modules in SPinSVMC achieve high accuracy in both pedestrian detection, tracking and ReID in fisheye image domains.
Lesions of area postrema attenuate but do not prevent anorectic action of peripheral serotonin in rats

These studies assessed the effect of selectively ablating the area postrema (AP) on the action of peripheral serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] to reduce food intake in rats. Intraperitoneal 5-HT (0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mumol/kg) reduced the intakes of sweetened mash during a 30-min test in controls (APC) and in AP-lesioned rats (APX). The anorexia was dose dependent in controls but the dose-response function was flat after AP lesions. In another study, 2.0 mumol/kg 5-HT reduced intakes of both groups by approximately 25%, but AP lesions blunted the effect at 8.0 mumol/kg 5-HT (APX, -30% vs. APC, -85%). Behavioral analysis revealed that, compared with controls, AP lesions eliminated the decrease in frequency of feeding and reduced the incidence of resting and of an aberrant posture observed after 8.0 mumol/kg. Thus peripheral 5-HT decreases food intake in rats with AP lesions. Multiple mechanisms appear to be involved in the ability of peripheral 5-HT to reduce feeding. A high dose of 5-HT promotes responses associated with satiation but also produces behavioral toxicity; these effects involve the AP. Lower doses appear to engage processes that do not rely on the function of this circumventricular organ.
Embedded Software Implementation Tools for Fully Programmable Application Specific Systems

A variety of diverse pressures are shaping how we will design digital systems in the near future. Shrinking geometries into the deep submicron range raise electrical design challenges that make it impossible to use existing methodologies for application specific system design. In addition, the corresponding exponential increase in the number of devices per chip results in a complexity problem which by itself threatens to cripple existing design methodologies. Finally, increased nonrecurring engineering costs for masks and design tools force designs to be limited to higher volume products. All of these point to a gradual reduction of designs done using conventional ASIC (application specific integrated circuits) design methodology. The above forces are resulting in an increase in systems that contain programmable components that are specialized for a specific application domain, while at the same time providing design flexibility that permits the same device to be used for a range of related products and also generations of a product. These systems need to satisfy one or more of high computation, low power, and real-time constraints. Architecturally, these constraints are met by exploiting concurrency at all levels - at the bit operation level through specialized functional units, at the instruction level through instruction level parallelism and at the coarse grain level through on-chip multiprocessing. This class of highly specialized embedded systems requires specialized software implementation tools to ensure an efficient mapping of the application onto the architecture. These tools - particularly the compiler and simulator - are needed for two distinct aspects of the design. During architectural evaluation, they are needed to provide feedback about the suitability of the architecture for the application. During system implementation, they are needed to ensure efficient mapping and validation of design constraints.
Programming E-Science Gateways

In this paper we describe a web service oriented design for problem solving systems used by scientist to orchestrate complex computational experiments. Specifically we describe a programming model for users of a science gateway or participants in a virtual organization to express non-trivial tasks that operates equally well in a environment built from a single “many core” processor or one where the computation is completely remote.
A study of particulate intestinal absorption and hepatocellular uptake. Use of polystyrene latex particles.

Abstract The object of this study was to elucidate the body mechanisms of absorption, transportation, and disposition of submicroscopic particles. Emulsions of polystyrene latex particles of 2200 A size were administered to rats in food and by stomach tubes. Electron microscopic study of jejunum, liver, and kidney was then carried out. The latex particles were demonstrated to be picked up by intestinal epithelium, to be carried through the cytoplasm within intact vesicles, discharged into the interstices of the lamina propria, and to gain entrance into the lymphatics of the mucosa. The process was identical with that previously shown for lipid particles. The latex particles were also demonstrated in the lumen of glomerular capillaries, in the hepatic sinusoids, in the spaces of Disse of the liver, and in the process of being taken into the liver cells by pinocytotic vesicles at the cell membrane. The value of latex particles of known size in the study of body processes of handling submicroscopic particles was thus demonstrated. Further evidence was gained for the significant role of the liver in removing particles of this general size range from the bloodstream.
Introduction to Law's Allure Symposium: Law and Politics - An Old Distinction, New Problems

The law/politics distinction is being reformed and revived. The grand constitutional theorist of the twentieth century sought to demonstrate that a realm of law existed or should exist entirely distinct from politics. By the turn of the twenty-first century, that project and distinction between law and politics had collapsed. Most law professors and political scientists agreed that judicial decisions were based at least partly on the same values that other political actors used when making policy choices. Judicial power was largely politically constructed. Rather than seeing law as a device to constrain power, political scientists (Whittington 2007) and law professors (Powe 2009; Balkin and Levinson 2001) detailed how presidents and prominent politicians supported a strong judiciary as a means for serving their partisan ends.
The Glucagon-sensitive Adenyl Cyclase System in Plasma Membranes of Rat Liver II. COMPARISON BETWEEN GLUCAGON- AND FLUORIDE-STIMULATED ACTIVITIES

Abstract Glucagon and fluoride ion stimulate the activity of a common adenyl cyclase system in plasma membranes isolated from rat liver. Their actions are noncompetitive indicating that they act at separate sites in this system. Manganous ion, above 5.0 mm, inhibited selectively the response of the enzyme to glucagon. Inorganic pyrophosphate (1.5 mm), on the other hand, inhibited the response of the enzyme to fluoride but enhanced the response to glucagon. The inhibitory effect of pyrophosphate was noncompetitive with fluoride ion. Highly purified phospholipase A caused a selective loss of the glucagon response and enhanced the stimulatory effect of fluoride ion. Treatment of liver membranes with digitonin also caused a selective loss of hormone response. Inactivation of glucagon response by digitonin was not restricted to the liver membrane adenyl cyclase system; incubation of ghosts of fat cells with digitonin resulted in loss of response of the adenyl cyclase system to glucagon, adrenocorticotropin, secretin, and epinephrine at very low concentrations of the detergent. Digitonin enhanced the response of the fat cell system to fluoride ion. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, over a narrow range of concentrations, inhibited the response of liver membrane adenyl cyclase to glucagon, and enhanced the enzyme's response to fluoride ion. Other detergents caused a parallel loss of the response to both fluoride ion and glucagon. The present findings suggest that glucagon and fluoride ion activate adenyl cyclase by different mechanisms. It is possible that these agents react through different molecular entities in this complex enzyme system.
Civilians, Terrorism, and Deadly Serious Conventions

This paper asks how we should regard the laws and customs of armed conflict, and specifically the rule prohibiting the targeting of civilians. What view should we take of the moral character and significance of such rules? Some philosophers have suggested that they are best regarded as useful conventions. This view is sometimes motivated by a "deep moral critique" of the rule protecting civilians: Jeff McMahan believes for example that the existing rules protect some who ought to be liable to attack (on account of their having voluntarily contributed to the injustice or aggression being resisted). He thinks we would be better off with a different principle of discrimination in warfare. But McMahan acknowledges that for the time being we must stick with the rules that we have. The present paper does five things: (1) it explores and takes further some of McMahan's insights about the importance of existing positive law in this area; (2) it argues that some of the features that philosophers find problematic with the rule offering blanket protection to all civilians have to do with administrability; (3) it raises some questions about whether the rule protecting civilians can really be regarded as a convention (and it argues that certainly it cannot be regarded as a "Lewis-convention" in a strict sense); (4) to the extent that the rule can be regarded as conventional, the paper argues that it remains a deadly serious moral rule, partly because of the circumstances of death and destruction in which it operates and which it tries to ameliorate, and partly on account of its fragility. The fifth point is the most important. (5) The rule protecting civilians does not operate in circumstances in which, apart form positive law, civilians like everyone would be liable to attack. The rule operates against a moral background in which all deliberate killing is to be regarded as murder; some deliberate killings (of combatants) are privileged in warfare; but the rule about civilians reflects the fact that this is a strictly limited privilege and that those who target civilians do not get the benefit of it. Changing our view of the default position in this way enables us to better understand the distinctive work that this rule does.
Diagnosis of cardiac tamponade after cardiac surgery: Relative value of clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic signs

Early detection and treatment of cardiac tamponade is crucial in management of patients after cardiac surgery. Because of the atypical features of this condition and paucity of data on relative frequency of different signs, we evaluated the sensitivity of various clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic signs. We retrospectively evaluated the relative frequency of clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic signs in 29 patients with cardiac tamponade after cardiac surgery. In our study 66% had a localized, posterior pericardial effusion, and the other 34% had circumferential pericardial effusion. In the whole group 24% of patients had hypotension, and pulsus paradoxus was noted in 48%, right atrial collapse in 34%, right ventricular diastolic collapse in 27%, left ventricular diastolic collapse in 65%, and left atrial collapse in 13%. Elevation with equalization of pressures was noted in 81% patients. In the patient group with circumferential pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade 40% patients were hypotensive and 50% patients had pulsus paradoxus. RA collapse was present in 70%, RV diastolic collapse in 70%, and LV diastolic collapse in 20%. Elevated diastolic pressures with equalization of these pressures was present in 71%. In the group with regional pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade hypotension was present in 16% and pulsus paradoxus in 47%. RA collapse was present in 16%, RV diastolic collapse in 5%, LV diastolic collapse in 89%, and LA collapse in 21% of the patients with regional tamponade. Elevated diastolic pressures with equalization of these pressures was noted in 86% of the patients. Our observations indicate that among patients who have undergone cardiac surgery the presentation of cardiac tamponade is usually atypical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The CeMo process for the development of a stainless aluminum

Abstract A process for surface modification of Al-based materials is described which involves immersion in boiling Ce(NO 3 ) 3 and CeCl 3 followed by anodic polarization in a deaerated molybdate solution. Each of these steps is carried out for 2 h. Al 6061-T6 treated in this manner did not show any signs of uniform or localized corrosion after immersion for 60 days in 0.5 N NaCl. A sample with a scratch in the modified surface also did not show any corrosion after 25 days in NaCl. Since this surface modification process produces exceptional corrosion resistance, it should be considered as a candidate for the replacement of chromate conversion coatings.
Local Flow and Heat Transfer Behavior in Convex-Louver Fin Arrays

Highly interrupted fin surfaces are widely used to enhance the air-side thermal performance of compact heat exchangers. Here, local and surface-averaged measurements of convection coefficients and core pressure-drop data are provided for an array of convex-louver fins. For a Reynolds number range from 200 to 5400, these data are complemented with a flow visualization study and contrasted with new measurements from a similar offset-strip geometry. The results clarify the effects of boundary layer restarting, shear-layer unsteadiness, spanwise vortices, and separation, reattachment, and recirculation on heat transfer in the convex-louver geometry.