cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Growth Hormone on Adipose Tissue of Weanling Rats

Epididymal and parametrial adipose tissues were exised from weanling rats, aged 18–35 days, and tested for responsiveness to GH in vitro. Segments of epididymal fat from rats of the Charles River strain, ranging from 20–32 days of age, responded to GH with an increase in glucose utilization. Tissues from younger rats (18 days old) or older rats (33–35 days old) were unresponsive. Similar results were obtained with rats of the Fisher strain, except that responsiveness of epididymal fat to GH terminated before day 29, while responsiveness of parametrial fat persisted through day 30. Stimulation of glucose metabolism was not always accompanied by increased leucine oxidation, and no antilipolytic effect of GH was ever seen. The insulinlike response, although limited to glucose utilization, was otherwise similar to insulin-like responses seen in adipose tissue of older hypophysectomized rats; it persisted for only 1–2 h and was followed by a period of refractoriness. The minimal concentration of GH needed to p...
Theoretical and experimental investigation of novel varactor-tuned switchable microstrip ring resonator circuits

A microstrip ring resonator circuit loaded with two p-i-n diodes has been developed for use as a switchable filter. By replacing one p-i-n diode with a varactor diode, the switchable filter can be made electronically tunable. Isolation exceeding 20 dB with 9% tuning bandwidth was demonstrated. An analysis based on transmission line theory was used to model both circuits. The analysis includes the effects of diode parasitics, coupling gaps, dispersion, and mounting-gap capacitance. The experimental results agree very well with the theoretical calculation. >
A genetic algorithm particle pairing technique for 3D velocity field extraction in holographic particle image velocimetry

This research explores a novel technique, using Genetic Algorithm Particle Pairing (GAPP) to extract three-dimensional (3D) velocity fields of complex flows. It is motivated by Holographic Particle Image Velocimetry (HPIV), in which intrinsic speckle noise hinders the achievement of high particle density required for conventional correlation methods in extracting 3D velocity fields, especially in regions with large velocity gradients. The GA particle pairing method maps particles recorded at the first exposure to those at the second exposure in a 3D space, providing one velocity vector for each particle pair instead of seeking statistical averaging. Hence, particle pairing can work with sparse seeding and complex 3D velocity fields. When dealing with a large number of particles from two instants, however, the accuracy of pairing results and processing speed become major concerns. Using GA’s capability to search a large solution space parallelly, our algorithm can efficiently find the best mapping scenarios among a large number of possible particle pairing schemes. During GA iterations, different pairing schemes or solutions are evaluated based on fluid dynamics. Two types of evaluation functions are proposed, tested, and embedded into the GA procedures. Hence, our Genetic Algorithm Particle Pairing (GAPP) technique is characterized by robustness in velocity calculation, high spatial resolution, good parallelism in handling large data sets, and high processing speed on parallel architectures. It has been successfully tested on a simple HPIV measurement of a real trapped vortex flow as well as a series of numerical experiments. In this paper, we introduce the principle of GAPP, analyze its performance under different parameters, and evaluate its processing speed on different computer architectures.
Technical considerations in patients requiring a second microvascular free flap in the head and neck.

Objective: To identify the difficulties associated with performing a second free flap reconstruction in the head and neck as well as the techniques used to achieve successful reconstruction. Design:A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained patient database. Patients: The study population comprised 33 patients who required a second free flap in the head and neck. Main Outcome Measures: Several variables were analyzed in this cohort. Patient-related factors included the following: the availability of recipient vessels, the need toaccessthecontralateralsideoftheneck,historyofneck surgery,historyofradiationtherapy,andtypeoffreeflap used. Complications associated with the reconstruction were also reported. Results: In this cohort of 33 patients, 34 free flap reconstructions were performed. All were successful, and there were no flap-related complications. Owing to the paucity of good recipient vessels in many cases, the contralateral side of the neck was commonly used, but no patients required vein interposition grafts. Conclusions: Second free flap reconstructions in the head and neck can be safely accomplished. We have found that the availability of recipient vessels is the most important consideration in these patients. The dissection of the contralateral side of the neck is often required, but the use of flaps with long pedicles obviates the need for vein interposition grafts. Compared with the success rate in this study, the relevant literature suggests that flap survival rates are lower when interposition grafts are used. Modifications in flapharvesting techniques and inset geometry can also be used to facilitate insets in complicated surgical fields that have been reoperated on. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;135(3):268-273
Modeling and design of common-mode inductor for conductive EMI noise suppression in DC-fed motor drive system

Single and three-phase common-mode (CM) inductors play a vital role in conductive CM noise suppression for motor drive system. In this paper, the CM conductive noise propagation path in the dc-fed motor drive system is analyzed. One measurement-based characterization method is discussed for determining the noise propagation path. Meanwhile, modeling methods for the impedance of both single and three-phase CM inductors are reviewed and verified experimentally. With the CM inductor impedance model and CM propagation path characterization, the suppression of both DC and AC CM noise is accurately predicted to be within a 5 dBµA design margin from 10 kHz to 30 MHz. Based on the modeling and verification, this paper also proposes a practical method for high density CM inductors design using MATLAB Optimization Toolbox®.
Space processing in early Shuttle missions

The paper first reviews potential scientific and commercial benefits of space processing, and discusses roles of ground laboratory, sounding rocket, and Shuttle/Spacelab experimentation in carrying out space processing programs. Benefits which have been identified in such processes as containerless melting/solidification, electrophoresis, crystal growing, etc., and using such specific materials as tungsten, isoenzymes, single crystal silicon ribbon are utilized as specific examples in the above discussion. As a result, the paper identifies spectrum of specific objectives and implementation approaches for Shuttle/Spacelab experimentation. The paper then reviews currently planned Shuttle/Spacelab payload accommodations and traffic model. Finally, the paper matches experimentation approaches with Shuttle/Spacelab plans, and derives a possible schedule of missions in the 1979-1982 time frame using configurations with a high degree of automation where crew time for experiment involvement is limited.
Evidence of late glacial runoff in the lower Mississippi Valley

Abstract Thousands of cubic kilometers of massive coarse-grained glacial outwash underlie the alluvial plain of the Lower Mississippi Valley between Cairo, Illinois, and the Gulf of Mexico. However, valley trains deposited by braided streams characterize less than one-third of the valley area, and those attributable to runoff from the Laurentide Ice Sheet cover less than 15,000 km2, mostly in the St. Francis Basin segment of the valley. There they form a series of subdued terraces that reflect episodes of meltwater release and possibly catastrophic flood events. Radiocarbon-dated sediment cores establish that the initial runoff entered the basin about 16.3 ka BP and continued without a significant lull for about 5000 years. The distribution of archeological sites tends to support an effective brief cessation of runoff to the valley about 11.0 ka BP when meltwater is thought to have been diverted from the Mississippi River Valley to the St. Lawrence Valley. Both radiocarbon dates and archeological evidence document a final pulse of outwash to the (Lower) Mississippi Valley about 10.0 ka BP when the Mississippi River occupied Thebes Gap near Cairo and created the Charleston Fan. All outwash deposition ended, and the river adopted a meandering regime not later than 9.8 ka BP.
MAP SYMBOLS: EQUAL-APPEARING INTERVALS FOR PRINTED SCREENS1

A common problem in map design is the one of selecting screens with which to show a scale of values. The screens should, as closely as possible, give a visual impression commensurate with the values they represent. A typical example would be a rainfall map with steps of 10, 20, 40, and 80 inches. How dark should each screen be to give the truest visual impression of these values relative to each other? The purpose of this study was to determine what values printed screens should have to give even-appearing visual steps from white to full color. Tone symbol tests were made with black, and, in order to see if colored screens behaved the same as black ones, for the colors red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and brown.2 Tests were also given to see if the pattern of the screen would affect its visual evaluation, and tests were given to see what would be the effect of changes in the end points of the screen series. The first problem in preparing these experiments was to draw screens that would print a known percent of the total area with ink. It was desirable to have screens with a wide range of tone. Two patterns were used, parallel lines and dots arranged in a triangular grid. These screens were drawn with the values shown in Table 1, the value representing the percent of the paper that is covered with the
Effects of Gonadal Sex Steroids on Sexual Behavior in the Big Brown Bat,Eptesicus fuscus,Upon Arousal from Hibernation

Abstract Vespertilionid bats are thought to have a dissociated pattern of reproduction; mating occurs in autumn as well as during periodic arousals from hibernation when testes are regressed and ovaries are “in stasis.” Sex steroid levels in both sexes are basal at this time. This pattern would indicate that sex steroids per se may not be activating sexual behavior. Gonadectomy of male and female big brown bats,Eptesicus fuscus, months before the mating season, did not significantly affect the probability of expressing sexual behavior in either sex when staged behavior tests were conducted. Ovariectomized females, in fact, mated significantly more and exhibited proceptive behavior. Males mated at the same frequency whether they were intact, orchidectomized, or given testosterone implants. These results argue that gonadal sex steroids are not the direct activators of sexual behavior in this species. However, when males were allowed to mate freely within a large flight cage, orchidectomized males were not seen to mate, while intact males mated at the same frequency as in the staged trials. Females are apparently either differentiating between the two groups of males or there is male–male competition for mates within a system that has multiple matings with different individuals in both sexes.
Early Pragmatic Accomplishments and Vocabulary Development in Preschool Children With Autism

This longitudinal parallel case study followed the development of pragmatic accomplishments and vocabulary development in five children with autism from the prelinguistic to early one-word stage of...
The room temperature photoconductivity in Zn3P2

Abstract Photoconductivity (a.c.) spectral response curves have been measured on high quality Zn 3 P 2 single crystals in the 0.65–2.6 eV energy range. Absorption plots in the 0.65–1.5 eV region for the same samples have also been determined. A set of optical transitions has been found. Excitations from the low energy region are interpreted in terms of impurity transitions and from the high energy region as band-to-band ones.
In situ mössbauer study of iron sulfides interactions with coal and model compounds

Abstract The iron sulfides play the most important role in coal liquefaction of all the iron-bearing minerals. The presence of pyrite in a coal tends to enhance the production of lower viscosity liquids. Detailed knowledge about the decomposition of pyrite, the effect of hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide and the type of solvent used is necessary to understand all the factors controlling the rate of decomposition and the type of products formed during coal liquefaction. A series of model compounds was selected to study the catalytic behavior of iron sulfides (FeS2 Fe7S8) at temperatures comparable to those used in direct coal liquefaction. The measurements were carried out in an inert as well as in a hydrogen atmosphere. There was strong evidence of interaction of the iron sulfides with a number of model compounds. The results are discussed in light of the potential catalytic role of iron sulfides in coal liquefaction.
After insulin binds.

Three recent advances pertinent to the mechanism of insulin action include (i) the discovery that the insulin receptor is an insulin-dependent protein tyrosine kinase, functionally related to certain growth factor receptors and oncogene-encoded proteins, (ii) the molecular cloning of the insulin proreceptor complementary DNA, and (iii) evidence that the protein tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor is essential for insulin action. Efforts are now focusing on the physiological substrates for the receptor kinase. Experience to date suggests that they will be rare proteins whose phosphorylation in intact cells may be transient. The advantages of attempting to dissect the initial biochemical pathway of insulin action include the wealth of information about the metabolic consequences of insulin action and the potential for genetic analysis in Drosophila and in man.
Variability in the properties of shelf Water in the Middle Atlantic Bight, 1977-1999

[1] The seasonal and interannual variability in the temperature, salinity, and volume of Shelf Water (SHW) in the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) is described for the period 1977–1999. Large interannual variations in the volume, salinity, and, to a lesser extent, temperature of the SHW occurred that were coherent over multiple year time periods. The variations in volume and salinity originated through processes acting outside of the MAB and were advected into the region from the Gulf of Maine. On a decadal average the SHW observed in the 1990s was approximately 1°C warmer, 0.25 PSU fresher, and 1000 km3 more abundant than during the 1977–1987 period. The warming during the 1990s was largest in the southern part of the bight during the winter, when the SHW was more than 2°C warmer then during the earlier decade.
A Bayesian Approach to Statistical Inference about Climate Change

Abstract A Bayesian approach to statistical inference about climate change based on the two-phase regression model is presented. This approach is useful when nonobservational information is availab...
The pathophysiology of the acute respiratory distress syndrome

Abstract The pathophysiology of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by pulmonary edema, decreased lung compliance and profound arterial hypoxemia. The syndrome has several apparent `triggers' and involves several cell types, most notably microvascular endothelial cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes or neutrophils. These cells interact through several classes of adhesive determinants on both the endothelial cell and neutrophil which govern leukocyte binding, transendothelial migration and the extent of injury to the lung. The lung injury elicited by leukocytes involves the release of several mediators which include oxidants and proteases, of which elastase now appears to be the most important in pulmonary injury. There are several potential targets of oxidants and proteases in the lung which include the endothelial cell membrane, glycocalyx and basement membrane as well as endothelial and epithelial junctional proteins. Destruction of these elements appears to be responsible for increased pulmonary microvascular permeability and lung edema formation and may also facilitate neutrophil-transendothelial migration. This review focuses on the structure and function of the alveolar-capillary membrane and the forces that govern leukocyte trafficking in the lungs as a background to understanding the pathophysiology of lung injury in ARDS.
Random Grids: Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbors and Range Searching for Image Search

We propose two solutions for both nearest neighbors and range search problems. For the nearest neighbors problem, we propose a c-approximate solution for the restricted version of the decision problem with bounded radius which is then reduced to the nearest neighbors by a known reduction. For range searching we propose a scheme that learns the parameters in a learning stage adopting them to the case of a set of points with low intrinsic dimension that are embedded in high dimensional space (common scenario for image point descriptors). We compare our algorithms to the best known methods for these problems, i.e. LSH, ANN and FLANN. We show analytically and experimentally that we can do better for moderate approximation factor. Our algorithms are trivial to parallelize. In the experiments conducted, running on couple of million images, our algorithms show meaningful speed-ups when compared with the above mentioned methods.
The discipline of difference: Ethnolinguistic heterogeneity and corporal punishment

The minority threat hypothesis contends that growth in the size of a given minority population along with the ensuing competition for social and political resources will threaten existing social power arrangements. Regarding punishment specifically, the hypothesis states that dominant groups will support coercive measures to keep minority populations sufficiently oppressed. Using the minority threat hypothesis as our theoretical foundation, we posit that the more heterogeneous a population, the more social control will be necessary to maintain societal equilibrium for those in power. In effect a more personal, physical, and visceral response to criminal behavior will be deemed necessary in countries with high levels of fractionalization. This more focused form of social discipline will manifest as corporal punishment. Comparing modalities of punishment against varying population characteristics, we find that countries with higher levels of ethnic, linguistic, and religious fractionalization are more likel...
Validation of Porcine Knee as a Sex-specific Model to Study Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament Disorders

Background Animal models have long been considered an important modality for studying ACL injuries. However, to our knowledge, the value of these preclinical models to study sex-related phenomena associated with ACL injury and recovery has not been evaluated.
Molecular imprinting for anion recognition in aqueous media

Molecular imprinting technology is an attractive approach of creating recognition sites in polymeric materials by using the templating approach found in many natural systems. These recognition sites have memory to the target molecule that enables selective recognition of the template species. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been used in a wide range of areas including separation and isolation, catalysis, chemical sensing, and drug delivery. This review aims at highlight the recent advances in the application of molecular imprinting technology for inorganic and small organic anion recognition in aqueous media.
An examination of the relative effects of source expertise, trustworthiness, and likability

The discriminant validity among expertise, trustworthiness and likability was assessed, and the relationship of these three variables with constructs from the theory of reasoned action (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980) was examined. The discriminant validity between these three source characteristics was supported. In addition, general support was found for hypotheses regarding their relationships to variables in the theory of reasoned action.
Cloning of rat Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein 4, and evaluation of its expression in rat mast cells and their bone marrow progenitors.

We recently cloned a new mast cell (MC) restricted, Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein (designated mRasGRP4) from IL-3developed, mouse bone marrow-derived MCs that can activate varied members of the Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. We now describe the rat ortholog of this MC-specific guanine exchange factor. Using the mRasGRP4gene and transcript in a homology-based cloning approach, the relevant transcript was isolated and sequenced from the spleen and lungs of Sprague–Dawley rats. Evidence for differential splicing of the rRasGRP4 transcript was obtained in the spleen. The rat basophilic leukemia 1 MC line was found to express rRasGRP4, as well as the MC-committed progenitors residing in the bone marrow and the mature MCs residing in varied tissues of Sprague–Dawley rats. Based on its deduced amino acid sequence, rRasGRP4 is 93% identical to mRasGRP4. rRasGRP4 contains all of the functional domains present in the RasGRP family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Like its mouse ortholog, rRasGRP4 is a MC-restricted guanine exchange factor that contains Ca 2+ and phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding domains C-terminal of its CDC25-like catalytic domain. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fabrication of plasma probe for chemical vapor deposition

An atmospheric pressure low-power, capacitively coupled RF plasma probe was designed and fabricated for selective-area chemical vapor deposition of materials at room temperature. The probe consisted of a gas channel with two electrodes forming a capacitor through the gas and channel wall. An inductor was used to match the capacitive electrodes to 50Ω RF source at 600 MHz. The resulting LC circuit along with the plasma formed a second order system with a stable resonance near 600 MHz. Ge, Si, si 1−x Ge x and Ni were respectively deposited using SiH 4 , GeH 4 , and nickelocene on various substrates including microscope glass slide, gold, p- and n-type Si, SiO 2 and Si 3 N 4 . SEM, AFM and EDX studies were used to study the deposited materials. Similar approach was then adopted to generate plasma between conducting AFM tip and a substrate to deposit and pattern materials at 10–500 nm scale.
Nuclear Test Illuminates USArray Data Quality

The seismographic stations deployed as part of USArray are one component of the U.S. National Science Foundation-funded major research equipment facility Earth-Scope. When fully operational, USArray will include 400 broadband stations in a Transportable Array (TA) that will be deployed over a regular grid of sites with approximately 70 kilometer spacing. The TA will migrate across the United States over the next decade, ultimately occupying about 2000 sites in the conterminous United States and Alaska. While USArray's primary objective is to record seismic signals for research applications addressing the structure, evolution, and seismicity of North America, the high quality seismic recording capabilities of the TA installations allow data from small, distant events to be acquired and analyzed for other purposes, such as deep mantle studies, earthquake rupture investigations, and analysis of unusual seismic sources, such as underground nuclear explosions. The TA currently is undergoing its initial deployment in the western United States, and about 240 stations were operational at the time of the underground nuclear explosion detonated by North Korea on 9 October 2006 (Figure 1).
Dilute fluidized cracking catalyst particles-gas flow behavior in the riser of a circulating fluidized bed

Abstract Laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) was used to measure velocity, fluctuating velocity and size distribution in the riser of a circulating fluidized bed. Fluidized cracking catalyst (FCC) particles with volume average size of 70 μm and density of 1650 kg/m 3 , in a dilute gas-solid flow system with solid volume fraction ranging from 0.2% to 2.5% and solid mass flux of 10–120 kg/m 2 s were experimentally studied at the test section which was 1.07 meters away from the entrance zone. More particle collision and less slip velocity between particles of different size were observed at higher solids loadings and superficial gas velocities. At lower superficial gas velocities and lower solids loadings, instantaneous reversal flow of particles and lower particles fluctuating velocities and larger particles/agglomerates were measured along the wall. The radial distribution of axial particles velocity profile was flatter than a parabolic shape with maximum velocity of particles of different size in most cases away from the center. The particles fluctuating velocities was about 20%–30% of the particle velocity. However, it decreased at the wall region due to less probability of collision with moving particles and significant collision with the wall. In contrast, the turbulence intensity increased at the wall region due to lower particles velocities in this zone.
The nature of starburst galaxies

Utilizing a large sample of infrared-selected starburst galaxies having optical images and long-slit spectra, we explore the interrelationships between the properties of starbursts and relate these properties to those of the "host" galaxy. We find that the half-light radius of the Hα-emitting region (re, Hα) enters into several correlations that suggest it is physically related to the actual starburst radius. Most suggestively, the effective IR surface brightness (LIR/πr2e, Hα) correlates strongly with the far-IR color temperature. This can be reproduced roughly with an idealized model of a surrounding dust screen whose far-IR emissivity is determined by the local energy density of UV starburst light. Typical values for re, Hα are a few hundred pc to a few kpc (with the Ha emission being significantly more compact than the red starlight). This confirms the "circumnuclear" scales of typical starbursts. We show also that starbursts seem to obey a limiting IR surface brightness of about 1011 L☉ kpc2, corresponding to a maximum star formation rate of about 20 M☉ yr–1 kpc2 for a normal initial mass function. We argue that this upper limit suggests that starbursts are self-regulating in some way.We show that most of these galaxies have relatively normal, symmetric rotation curves. This implies that the galactic disk need not suffer severe dynamical damage in order to "fuel" a typical starburst. We show also that the starbursts occur preferentially in the inner region of solid-body rotation. This may reflect both bar-driven inflow of gas to the region between the inner Lindblad resonances and the dominance of gravitational instability over tidal shear in this region. Most of the starbursts reside in galaxies with rotation speeds of 120--200 km s–1 (compared to 220 km s–1 for a fiducial L* galaxy like the Milky Way). The lack of a correlation between galaxy rotation speed and starburst luminosity means that even relatively modest galaxies (masses ~10% of the Milky Way) can host powerful starbursts. We argue on the basis of causality that the internal velocity dispersion in a starburst sets an upper limit to the star formation rate. The most extreme starbursts approach this limit, but most are well below. Finally, we show that the relative narrowness of the nuclear emission lines in starbursts (relative to the galaxy rotation speed) arises because the gas in the nuclear "bin" usually does not sample fully the solid-body part of the rotation curve. The narrow lines do not necessarily imply that the starburst is not in dynamical equilibrium.
Use of an Interactive Health Communication Application in a Patient Education Center

Abstract This pilot study sought to determine whether it was feasible to offer an Interactive Health Communication (IHC) application in a Patient Education Center (the Center) or patient library setting, if patients would be satisfied with the IHC, and whether the Center exposure would result in home use. Four disease-specific modules were available on a computer in the Center, and in-home access was offered. Patients who continued the IHC use at home were mailed a survey approximately eight weeks later. Use data were collected. Staff time and response was used to determine feasibility. Sixty-one percent of the patients introduced to the IHC chose to use it; of those, 87% chose to use it at home. This report clearly shows that patients valued the intervention and the impact on staff time was minimal.
Quantitative and selective fluorophore labeling of phosphoserine on peptides and proteins: characterization at the attomole level by capillary electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence.

Abstract Reaction conditions were defined for the selective quantitative derivatization and fluorophore labeling of phosphoserine residues on peptides and proteins. Phosphoserine was derivatized with 1,2-ethanedithiol using a modification of the reaction conditions defined by R. C. Clark and J. Dijkstra (1987) Int. J. Biochem. 11, 577-585 and H. E. Meyer, E. Hoffmann-Posorke, H. Korte, and M. G. Heilmeyer (1986) FEBS Lett. 204, 81-66 for stabilizing the phosphoamino acid during Edman degradation reactions. Following derivatization, the thiol-serine residues were coupled to fluorescene by iodoacetate reaction. Characterization by capillary zone electrophoresis and laser-induced fluorescence allowed quantitation of phosphoserine content of peptides and proteins at 98% efficiency. Fluorescent probe tagging of phosphoamino acids on proteins and peptides offers direct quantitative evaluation of cellular phosphorylation states at the attomole level in tissue samples derived from plants, animals, and humans, without the use of radioisotopes, antibodies, or mass spectrometry.
Suppression of wind-induced hydrodynamics in ponds

Abstract Significant economies of scale are an incentive for the design of large salt gradient solar ponds; however, wind induced mixing is more difficult to suppress on larger ponds because of the greater distance (or fetch) between dikes. Quantitative data are needed on the hydrodynamic effects of wind action on ponds protected with wave suppression systems. Experiments conducted at the Utah Water Research Laboratory measured wave height, wave length, and depth of disturbance of water in a test flume exposed to various air flows and wave suppression devices. Water depth was 30 cm in the 12.2-m-long test flume having a cross section 61 cm square. Air velocities ranged from 4.50 to 11.8 m/s. Experiments also were conducted with a sharply stratified system consisting of 15 cm of fresh water floating on 15 cm of salt brine in which the air velocities were observed at the point where gravity return currents and wave motion occur at the density interface. Results indicate that circulation currents may persist even if waves are effectively suppressed.
When more is less: A minimalist architecture for manufacturing

Abstract To have recorded somewhere, instant by instant, every detail of the operation of a manufacturing system - what more could management want? ‘What less?’ asks Ramchandran Jaikumar, who contends that the data collection capabilities of modern, advanced technology-based manufacturing systems, especially when highly and tightly integrated, transcend the analytical capabilities of manufacturing management. Arguing that management has, in documented specifications and procedures, all of the information it needs about ‘things that go right’, Jaikumar proposes a comprehensive new architecture for manufacturing premised on the collection only of data related to exceptions, that is, ‘things gone wrong’. Dubbed by him Minimalism , this architecture by design elicits and exploits synergies among inventory management, quality and production control, and learning from the management of disruptions. Its adoption has invariably enabled plants to ‘do more, better, with less’.
Gene Transfer into Mammalian Cells by Particle Bombardment

Using COS-7 and Chinese hamster ovary cells as model systems, I have examined the efficiency of gene transfer into mammalian cells by particle bombardment. The most important parameters affecting transformation efficiency are the size of the particles, the target distance, and the extent of chamber vacuum. The size of the cell culture plate also affects transformation efficiency. Factors which have little effect on transformation efficiency are the helium pressure, the gap distance, and the macrocarrier travel distance. Compared to several other gene transfer techniques, particle bombardment has the advantage of requiring a low amount of DNA and a low number of cells for successful expression, measured as either transient or stable. I also describe transformation of several murine cell lines which have not been successfully transformed, or have been transformed at only low levels using other methods. These cell lines include preadipocytes (BMS-2), macrophages (J774), and transformed pre-B cells (38B9 and 70Z/3). Compared to transformation by electroporation, lipofection, and diethylaminoethyl dextran, particle bombardment was found to give 50- to 240-fold higher levels of transient expression as measured by luciferase activity in cell extracts.
Immature and adult langur monkey (Presbytis entellus) males: Infant-initiated adoption in a colony group

This paper focuses on interactions of an immature male langur monkey (Presbytis entellus) with an adult male in a captive social group. During his mother's 2-week absence, an 8-month-old male actively sought and received care from two adults, including an adult male. The interactions of the 2 males are compared with the behavior of 12 other adult male-immature male pairs to illustrate variability in male-male relations for a species in which adult male-young interactions are reported to be minimal and in which males normally spend portions of their lives in all-male groups.
Profile of discontinuities beneath Hawaii from S to P converted seismic waves

We present new seismological evidence for the depth of depression of the volcano-crust and crust-mantle (Moho) boundaries and the nature of the volcano-crust interface beneath the southeast flank of Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii, from a profile of S to P converted waves from deep local earthquakes. Three-component seismic array observations of these converted waves indicate the presence of a low velocity layer (LVL) at a depth of about 10 km, corresponding to the base of the volcanic pile. The thickness of the LVL is estimated to be approximately 1 km. The LVL and the Moho both deepen significantly from southwest to northeast beneath Mauna Loa's southeast flank. The observed polarity reversal of the LVL conversion compared to the Moho conversion strongly supports the existence of a buried sediment layer at the volcano-ocean crust interface, at a depth that is consistent with the depth distribution of thrust earthquakes. Our results conflict with models of lithosphere flexure at Hawaii, indicating a depression of the lithosphere greater than that predicted by flexure models. The thickness of underlying oceanic crust is observed to be relatively constant, so this discrepancy cannot be accounted for by crustal underplating alone.
TEM and in-situ EM study of the dispersion of MoO3 on SiO2

Abstract Molybdenum trioxide supported on nonporous silica spheres and planar silica substrates were used with TEM and in-situ EM (environmental cell and heating stage), respectively, to study the spreading behavior of the hexagonal and orthorhombic forms of MoO 3 on SiO 2 . At temperatures below 500 ° C, supported orthorhombic crystallites are stable, while supported hexagonal crystallites, formed by an initial calcination of the precursor at 300 ° C, spread drastically and in doing so produce a novel, multilayered and amorphous silica-supported morphology for MoO 3 . The mechanism of spreading appears to be the formation of mobile species on hexagonal crystallites, and subsequent migration across the SiO 2 surface.
Sheath-like folds and progressive fold deformation in tertiary sedimentary rocks of the Shimanto accretionary complex, Japan

Abstract The Upper Oligocene-Lower Miocene portion of the Cretaceous-Lower Miocene Shimanto accretionary complex on the Muroto Peninsula, southwest Japan, comprises alternating belts of coherent clastic rocks and shaly melange. Sheath-like folds formed locally during a fold-thrust deformation that affected a 10 km structural thickness of these rocks. In a subsequent event confined to the melange and adjoining areas, the axes of these folds were rotated nearly 90° within the plane of their axial surfaces. The widespread uniform development of the folds and an accompanying axial-planar pressure-solution cleavage strongly suggest that these deformations were tectonically induced, rather than gravity driven slump features. The sheath-like folds indicate that the most plausible environment for these rocks was in an accreted packet of trench-fill, behind the imbricate toe of the Shimanto accretionary complex. The timing of the deformation is constrained by depositional ages as well as by the probable Early Miocene age of an overlying superficial basin and early Middle Miocene igneous dikes that intrude the sequence. This chronology overlaps with the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene opening of the Shikoku back-arc basin, bordering the Shimanto Belt to the southwest; thus accretion and subduction were active during the basin opening event. These conclusions conflict sharphy with earlier held notions of strike-slip and olistostrome tectonics along this plate margin during the Early Miocene opening of the Shikoku Basin.
A Singular Behaviour of Striæ in the Positive Column of an Electrical Discharge through Hydrogen

THE following behaviour of some striae in the positive column of an electrical discharge through rarefied hydrogen seems to be of sufficient interest to warrant a description. The distances between adjacent striae in hydrogen change with gas pressure in an anomalous manner first noted by Willows (Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc., 10, 302; 1900), in that, with reduction of pressure, they at first increase in magnitude, pass through a maximum value and then in turn through a minimum value. This minimum occurred at about 1.5 mm. pressure in the discharge tubes I used, which had an internal diameter of 11 mm. The striae here were bluish in colour, whereas at the other pressures their colour was reddish. The phenomenon to be described was only observed in this narrow pressure region where the striae were most closely packed. The discharge current was kept constant at 6 milliamperes and it passed between cold electrodes consisting of aluminium cylinders 2 mm. in diameter.
Adaptive stabilization and tracking control of electrically driven manipulators

This article presents two new adaptive strategies for motion control of uncertain rigid-link, electrically driven manipulators. The first controller is a position regulation scheme that ensures (semiglobal) asymptotic convergence of the position error if no external disturbances are present, and convergence to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of zero in the presence of bounded disturbances. It is shown that the regulation scheme can be modified to provide accurate trajectory tracking control through the introduction of adaptive feedforward elements in the control law; this second control strategy retains the simple structure of the first controller and ensures arbitrarily accurate tracking in the presence of bounded disturbances. Each of the adaptive schemes is computationally efficient and requires virtually no information concerning either the manipulator or actuator models. Computer simulation results are given for a PUMA 560 manipulator and demonstrate that accurate and robust motion control can be achieved by using the proposed controllers. Experimental results are presented for an IMI Zebra Zero manipulator and confirm that the proposed approach provides a simple and effective means of obtaining high performance motion control. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A REVIEW OF POLARIZED PROTON BEAM TECHNIQUES AND A REPORT ON THE WORKSHOP ON POLARIZED BEAMS

This paper first introduces the basic techniques for polarized proton beams : spin flip, resonance jumps, Siberian Snakes, etc., and then concludes with a report on the Workshop on Acceleration and Storage of Polarized Protons and Electrons in Very Large Machines.
Executional Factors and Advertising Effectiveness: A Replication

Abstract This article reports a replication of the Stewart and Furse (1986) study of the influence of executional factors on advertising performance. Using a new set of 1,017 commercials, coded for content, the replication finds the original results reported by Stewart and Furse are highly robust. The use of a brand-differentiating message and a strong product focus continue to manifest a positive impact on measures of recall, comprehension, and persuasion.
A Fiber Optical Relay For Bypassing Computer Network Repeaters

An optical bypass relay can improve the reliability of a repeatered fiber optical computer network. Previous relays suffer from low cross talk isolation, high insertion loss or limitation to single-pole-double-throw opera­ tion. We describe an opto-mechanical fiber bypass relay with one moving part. The relay makes use, during assembly, of the fibers themselves bothfor mutual alignment and as temporary alignment tooling. This eliminates the need for individual alignment of each relay during assembly. Prototype relays exhibit-52 dB crosstalk and -1.7dB loss and ample life expectancy for their intended task.
A Criminal Schema: The Role of Chronicity, Race, and Socioeconomic Status in Law Enforcement Officials' Perceptions of Others

Abstract : This study investigated the extent to which law enforcement (LE) of officials' perceptions of criminality are biased by the chronic nature of, and the racial and SES features of, their cognitive schemas of the typical criminal. Theory suggests that in general, LE officials would share a unique cognitive schema based on their specialized experiences and that the habitual use of this schema might result in an over-perception of criminality. Moreover, due to the finding that there is a disproportionate number of blacks and people of lower SES who are arrested, LE officials might perceive greater criminality in the actions of blacks and people of lower SES. One-hundred twenty undergraduate psychology students and 121 LE officers participated in this study. Part I of this study hypothesized that a chronic criminal schema used by LE would result in LE subjects perceiving criminality in ambiguous situations. Contrary to the hypothesis, laypersons were more likely to view an ambiguous situation as criminal than were LE subjects. Part II of this study hypothesized that when exposed to the actions of a black and/or lower SES criminal suspect, LE subjects would perceive more guilt, perceive more deceptiveness, place less value on exculpatory information, and place more value on incriminating information. The results supported this second hypothesis with regard to race, but not SES.
Extreme parametric uncertainty and instant chaos in coupled structural dynamics

Bifurcation to high-dimensional hyperchaos is observed in a driven coupled pendulum-flexible rod system. When the rod is in resonance with the pendulum, the system changes from a low dimensional periodic attractor to a high-dimensional chaotic attractor abruptly. It is shown that high-dimensional chaotic dynamics is hysteretic, and exhibits extreme sensitivity with respect to small parameter changes.
An Algorithmic Program for the Analysis of Detrital Reservoir Rocks: ABSTRACT

The objectives of this program are essentially four-fold: (1) the data gathering process leads to a quantitative End_Page 527------------------------------ petrography and thence, via a model, to petrogenesis; (2) the data analysis leads to specification of the relationships between reservoir behavior and variation in the petrographic properties; (3) the analysis, suitably extended, leads to a measure of relationship between logging responses and variation in the petrographic properties; and (4) the analysis may be used to identify reservoir rocks and differentiate them from similar appearing barren rocks. Such objectives encompass an interpretative petrology, a means for predicting and controlling reservoir behavior, a means for selecting the important logging parameters and a possible interpretation of their role in reflecting variation in rock properties and, by identifying the reservoir rock, may form the basis for an exploration pro ram. This program has been used for the analysis of eleven sands either actual or potential reservoir rocks from the Appalachian Province; they include representatives of the Devonian (Chipmunk, Bradford, Lewis Run, and First Venango sandstones), Mississippian (Berea, Weir, and Maxton sandstones), Pennsylvanian (two Cow Run sandstones, and a middle Kittaning sandstone), and Permian (the Waynesburg sandstone) systems. The most important properties in each case are grain size, size-sorting, and the cementitious constituents, carbonate and silica cement. There are two dominant types of sandstone, the one in which grain size and (or) size-sorting act as the main controls and the other in which the size and size-sorting is subordinate in importance to the cementitious materials. When the dominant properties are size and size-sorting, channeling is the most important problem in production and secondary recovery. When the dominant features are the cements, then combinations of acidizing and hydraulic fracturing are likely to be important palliatives. Those sandstones in which the cements are most important are sporadic in occurrence and, under present conditions, would be difficult to impracticable to locate, whereas, in those sandstones in which grain size and size-sorting are the dominant characteristics, it should be possible to detect gradients which could form exploration guides. End_of_Article - Last_Page 528------------
Coarse-Grained Models for Protein-Cell Membrane Interactions

The physiological properties of biological soft matter are the product of collective interactions, which span many time and length scales. Recent computational modeling efforts have helped illuminate experiments that characterize the ways in which proteins modulate membrane physics. Linking these models across time and length scales in a multiscale model explains how atomistic information propagates to larger scales. This paper reviews continuum modeling and coarse-grained molecular dynamics methods, which connect atomistic simulations and single-molecule experiments with the observed microscopic or mesoscale properties of soft-matter systems essential to our understanding of cells, particularly those involved in sculpting and remodeling cell membranes.