cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Elastostatic analysis of the human thoracic skeleton

Abstract An elastostatic, finite element model (designated THORAX I) of the human thoracic skeleton has been developed. The model includes the primary load-carrying members of the thorax; namely, the sternum, costal cartilage, ribs, and vertebral column. The soft tissue has been neglected. Using gross geometric data measured from a skeleton with an apparent ‘small’ frame and approximate cross-sectional properties, the THORAX I model has been subjected to three loading distribution applied to the anterior chest wall in the anterior-posterior direction. Calculations were carried out on the IBM 7094 computer, and primary attention was focused upon the displacement fields of the sternum, costal cartilage and ribs and stresses in costal cartilage and ribs. The sternum and rib nodal point displacement fields are reported in detail, and a simple 2-degree-of-freedom model for the sternum, which correlates well with the analytic results, is also presented. Maximum normal stresses in the cartilage and bony regions of the individual ribs for one loading condition are also given.
Movement and communication in human infancy: The social dynamics of development

Abstract The purpose of this article is to bridge the fields of movement science and developmental psychology. Movement science offers a perspective on motor skill that has potential application in the understanding of developmental change. Developmental psychology offers a number of theoretical perspectives on the role of the social context in development that may enhance the understanding of how movements are developed. This paper proposes a theory of human development in which communication and movement are essential components. The theory proposed here contributes both to movement science and to developmental psychology by hypothesizing specific ways in which the interface between movement dynamics and sociocultural information can induce developmental change.
Tools for a robust, sustainable agent community

We believe that intelligent information agents will represent their users interest in electronic marketplaces and other forums to trade, exchange, share, identify, and locate goods and services. Such information worlds will present unforeseen opportunities as well as challenges that can be best addressed by robust, self-sustaining agent communities. An agent community is a stable, adaptive group of self-interested agents that share common resources and must coordinate their efforts to effectively develop, utilize and nurture group resources and organization. More specifically, agents will need mechanisms to benefit from complementary expertise in the group, pool together resources to meet new demands and exploit transient opportunities, negotiate fair settlements, develop norms to facilitate coordination, exchange help and transfer knowledge between peers, secure the community against intruders, and learn to collaborate effectively. In this talk, I will summarize some of our research results on trust-based computing, negotiation, and learning that will enable intelligent agents to develop and sustain robust, adaptive, and successful agent communities.
Necrotizing mediastinitis secondary to descending cervical cellulitis.

Abstract A thoracic infection that originated in the mandibular right second molar is reviewed on the basis of anatomic pathways and bacteriology. Desending cervical cellulitis initiated respiratory embarrassment that required an emergency tracheostomy and submandibular surgical incision and drainage. The submandibular fascial spaces served as a pathway for the propagation of an overwhelming infection along cervical planes in a posterior direction to the lateral pharyngeal spaces and then to the retropharyngeal space, the mediastinum, and the left pleural cavity. The virulence of the infection was confirmed to be the result of synergistic necrotizing cellulitis caused by the symbiotic action of an aerobic gram-negative rod in combination with an anaerobic streptococcus. Despite tracheostomy, massive antibiotic therapy, general supportive care, and surgical drainage of both submandibular spaces and the left pleural cavity, the patient died.
High Fidelity Haptic Rendering of Stick-Slip Frictional Contact With Deformable Objects in Virtual Environments Using Multi-Rate Simulation

An increasingly common new modality in human-computer interaction is haptic interfacing, especially in the field of medical simulation. The order-of-magnitude difference in update rates between graphical deformable object simulations and haptic interfaces can be bridged using local low-order approximations. However, providing force feedback using local models complicates collision detection and response with the virtual tool, since the user interacts with lower-order proxies rather than the full simulated objects. A novel approach focusing on rolling contact with stick-slip friction is presented where all collision detection and response with the virtual tool is performed at the local level at the haptic time-scale, utilizing linearized low-order local models that approximate the behavior of the full model for the short time steps and small deformations involved.
Shwachman–Diamond syndrome presenting in a premature infant as pancytopenia

Shwachman-Diamond syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bone marrow dysfunction, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, failure to thrive, and skeletal abnormalities. It is most commonly diagnosed in early childhood after the development of hematologic abnormalities. We report a premature infant born at 33 weeks gestation who was small for gestational age and displayed persistent cytopenias requiring transfusion. Genetic testing confirmed a diagnosis of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS).
Techno-economic Analysis of Co-located Corn Grain and Corn Stover Ethanol Plants

The goal of this paper is to evaluate the economic performance of co-located corn grain ethanol (Gen 1) and cellulosic ethanol (Gen 2) facilities. We present six scenarios to evaluate the impact of stover-to-grain mass (SGM) ratios on overall minimum ethanol selling price (MESP). For the Gen 1 plant, MESP is $3.18/ gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) while for the Gen 2 plant it is $5.64/GGE. Co-located Gen 1 and Gen 2 plants operating at the lowest SGM ratio of 0.4 generates the lowest overall MESP of $3.73/GGE as well as the highest MESP for cellulosic ethanol of $7.85/GGE. Co-located plants operating at the highest SGM ratio of 1.0 achieve the highest overall MESP of $3.94/GGE as well as the lowest MESP for cellulosic ethanol of $5.47/GGE. Sensitivity analysis shows that the prices of feedstocks have the greatest impact on the overall MESP. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
R is for Revolution A Cutting-Edge, Free, Open Source Statistical Package

The authors review the open source statistical package R. R allows researchers to implement statistical techniques including linear modeling, linear and nonlinear multilevel modeling, factor and principal component analysis, structural equation modeling, item and reliability analysis, time series modeling, and meta-analysis, among others. R presents several advantages over other statistical packages because it is updated on an ongoing basis, is free, is capable of creating high-quality graphics that are difficult to create with other packages, and includes important simulation capabilities. Some limitations of R include the need to learn a new programming language, difficulties handling missing data for new users, and relatively limited support and documentation. R is not yet popular in the organizational sciences but, given its ongoing improvement and many positive features, we predict that it will soon be.
Functional Coefficient Autoregressive Models: Estimation and Tests of Hypotheses

In this paper, we study nonparametric estimation and hypothesis testing procedures for the functional coefficient AR (FAR) models of the form Xt=f1(Xt−d)Xt− 1+ ... +fp(Xt−d)Xt−p+et, first proposed by Chen and Tsay (1993). As a direct generalization of the linear AR model, the FAR model is a rich class of models that includes many useful parametric nonlinear time series models such as the threshold AR models of Tong (1983) and exponential AR models of Haggan and Ozaki (1981). We propose a local linear estimation procedure for estimating the coefficient functions and study its asymptotic properties. In addition, we propose two testing procedures. The first one tests whether all the coefficient functions are constant, i.e. whether the process is linear. The second one tests if all the coefficient functions are continuous, i.e. if any threshold type of nonlinearity presents in the process. The results of some simulation studies as well as a real example are presented.
88172 is more than counting cells: ensuring the quality of immediate assessment of fine-needle aspiration material.

Cytologic examination is highly complex1 requiring significant training and expertise as well as integration into the clinical presentation of the patient. Cytologic analysis has always been restricted to laboratories certified by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) of 1988, similar to all other highly complex testing. Cytologic interpretation requires not only extensive training and expertise but also a quality assessment program (as mandated by CLIA) to ensure an accurate result. Recently, the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) changed its guidelines to allow medical professionals to use Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) billing codes 88172 and 88177 without a CLIA license.2 CPT codes 88172 and 88177 are professional cytology billing codes that are used for rapid assessment of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples. In effect, disconnecting this code from the oversight of a CLIA-certified laboratory allows this high-complexity test to be performed by physicians with no specific training in cytology and without a quality assessment program as mandated by CLIA. To my knowledge, this change was made without any pathology organization being aware that the topic was being seriously considered. It seems likely that the driving force behind this decision was the desire of endocrinologists to be able to perform thyroid FNA and bill for immediate assessment to improve adequacy. There is no denying that immediate evaluation may be useful for clinicians collecting aspirates of thyroid nodules in their offices, and most often, in this setting, a pathologist is not available to perform this service. It is also true that some endocrinologists have been performing this service for …
Theoretical comparison of light scattering and guided wave coupling in multilayer coated optical components with random interface roughness

Abstract In this work, we use first-order perturbation theory to calculate and then compare the (1) angular distribution of incident light scattered from a multilayer-coated optical component and (2) the angular distribution of incident light coupled into guided waves supported by the multilayer component. The incident beam is assumed to be a monochromatic plane wave and the scattering/coupling is assumed to be caused by roughness at the interfaces of the optical component. Numerical results show that for high quality (low root mean square roughness) optical components, comparison of the relative amounts of incident energy (1) scattered out of the specular beam and (2) coupled into guided waves are comparable. It follows that the guided wave energy will further contribute to the scattered field via radiative decay or be converted to heat. Thus, this work can help provide an estimation of when guided wave coupling can occur along with the expected magnitude.
Birth weight, early weight gain and pubertal maturation: a longitudinal study

Summary Objective To investigate the effect of birth weight and early weight gain on the timing of various measures of puberty in both girls and boys. Methods A total of 856 newborns enrolled in the North Carolina Infant Feeding Study were followed to age 5 years, with 600 children followed up at adolescence. Birth weight was obtained from medical records and children were weighed at study visits until age 5 years; gains in standardized weights were calculated over four early age intervals: 0–6 months, 6–12 months, 1–2 years and 2–5 years. Age at menarche in girls and age at advanced Tanner stages in both girls and boys were reported by adolescents and their parents. Survival models were used to analyse the effects of birth weight and early weight gain on these outcomes. esults Girls with higher birth weight and greater weight gains during the four early age intervals were younger when they reached menarche and advanced Tanner stages; boys with greater early weight gains also were younger when they reached advanced Tanner stages, but few of these effects were statistically significant. Conclusions Higher birth weights and greater weight gains during infancy and early childhood can lead to earlier sexual maturation in girls.
Atomic Hydrogen Passivation of High Energy Hydrogen Implants

High-energy hydrogen ion (proton) implantation is used in Si for creating defects, while low-energy H is known for passivation of a variety of defects and impurities. We have carried out a study of low-energy (<0.4 keV) H passivation of defects produced by 100 keV H implantation. Both Schottky barrier transport and deep level transient spectroscopy measurements give evidence for self-passivation of defects produced by H.
Family Systems Concepts

To provide family-oriented medical care it is important for a physician to be able to assess how a family’s functioning plays a part in both the illness and the health of its members. Just as a physician must organize and evaluate the signs of physical illness in order to make an appropriate diagnosis, the same is true when considering the emotional, interactional, and historical processes that take place in a patient and his or her family. To do so without benefit of a conceptual framework for understanding the family can be overwhelming.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis shows distinct cytoplasmic expression of major histocompatibility class II antigens

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a monoclonal proliferation of antigen presenting cells (APC). In benign APCs, antigen loading occurs in the major histocompatibility class II (MHCII)-lysosomal compartment of the endocytic pathway followed by transport to the cell surface upon antigen stimulation. The pattern of MHCII expression in LCH is not well characterized. The cellular localization of MHCII was determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Staining pattern for the representative MHCII molecule, HLA-DR, (cell surface, cytoplasmic granular, or cytoplasmic globular), and intensity (0 to 3+) was recorded for normal tissues and 44 LCH samples along with available clinicopathologic features. Results were confirmed with a different antibody to confirm the appearance. In the normal tissue survey, strong HLA-DR cell surface expression was present on APCs, benign B cells, and some T cells. A granular cytoplasmic staining pattern (without surface expression) was seen in benign Langerhans cells (LCs) in the skin and histiocytes. Strikingly, all 44 LCH samples demonstrated both cytoplasmic granular and an unusual “globular” staining pattern with no surface staining. This is the first report of a highly specific HLA-DR staining pattern in LCH detected by IHC. The cytoplasmic perinuclear globular localization of MHCII may possibly be useful in diagnostics and may result from an immature/antigen-naive differentiation state of the neoplastic cell.
Systems model for pupil size effect

The human pupillary control system has been the subject of interest to biologists and engineers as an example of a sensorimotor reflex which can be embedded in a control system paradigm. We present a nonlinear feedback model whose compact structure allows us to hypothesize possible physiological mechanisms which generate the proper behavior of the pupil system. The important pupil responses, including pupil size effect, asymmetry, and response to high-frequency stimuli, are defined. This model was simulated on a digital computer and comparisons to the paradigm experimental responses were performed, demonstrating a fit to each of the observed conditions. Improvements on previous models are discussed.
Mentorship in general internal medicine: investment in our future.

Academic development in GIM is a challenging and difficult process. Mentoring may be an essential ingredient to that process. It is important to structure programs such that these relationships can develop effectively. In doing so, GIM divisions must deal with problems raised by having young faculty with diverse research interests. By supporting good mentoring relationships, GIM divisions may help their research and tranining programs to flourish.
Top Layer Oxidation In Mo/SI Multilayer X-Ray Mirror

Reflectivity of Mo/Si multilayer x-ray mirrors with molybdenum as the top layer decreased over time when stored in air due to oxidation of the top Mo layer to MoO3 and MoO2. High reflectivity can be maintained by having silicon as the top layer. In fact, reflectivity of Si-top multilayer coatings increase slightly during the first few days after deposition.
Cardiovascular Physiology Resources

ABSTRACTThe Interactive Web column reviews freely available Internet resources that are interactive in some form and/or provide helpful videos and animations. The websites are used for assignments, lectures, and self-study purposes and are available for viewing within The Interactive Web blog at https://thewebisinteractive.wordpress.com/. For information on how to search the blog, please see the About, How to Search, Writing Opportunity, and Disclaimer webpage within the blog. Each of the favorite websites of users is labeled with a star. This issue will highlight cardiovascular physiology websites.
97 SYNERGISTIC ENHANCEMENT OF BREAST CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY BY PAR1 PEPDUCINS.

Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) belongs to a unique family of G protein-coupled receptors that carry their own tethered ligand at the extracellular domain. Upon proteolytic cleavage, the ligand is exposed and is allowed to intramolecularly self-activate, triggering a cascade of signaling events leading to changes in cell shape, proliferation, migration, secretion, adhesion, and gene transcription. PAR1 is identified as an oncogene, and its expression is implicated in the development and metastasis of cancers of the breast, ovary, prostate, lung, pancreas, colon, and skin. The level of PAR1 expression correlates directly with the degree of invasiveness in primary breast tissue and established cancer cell lines. Most notably, PAR1 expression alone is sufficient in increasing migration, invasion, and tumor formation in the PAR1-null, minimally invasive MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Conversely, silencing of PAR1 expression in the PAR1-positive, highly invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line decreases migration and invasion. Here we investigate the potential of PAR1 as a target for cancer chemotherapy, using a powerful pepducin-based technology as a PAR1 inhibitor. Pepducins are palmitoylated cell-penetrating peptides that act as intracellular inhibitors of PAR1-G protein signal transference. We observe that pepducin therapy decreases cell proliferation and increases apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells and suppresses tumor growth in a xenograft model in which MDA-MB-231 cells are injected into the mammary fat pads of athymic nude mice. The use of two or more chemotherapy drugs in combination is thought to offer a superior tumor response and is commonly practiced in cancer therapy. To investigate the effects of PAR1 inhibition in the context of combination therapy, pepducins were administered together with docetaxel, a microtubule-stabilizing chemotherapy drug used commonly in breast cancer treatment. Concomitant administration of pepducin and docetaxel showed significantly enhanced tumor growth suppression in the xenograft model. In fact, when pepducin and docetaxel were administered together at doses that are individually ineffective, tumor development from MDA-MB-231 cells was almost completely abrogated. These results were supported by the MTT cell proliferation assay in which quantitative data analysis by the isobologram method revealed a highly synergistic interaction between pepducin and docetaxel. Put together, these in vitro and xenograft data suggest that therapeutics that block PAR1 signaling are beneficial in suppressing tumor development and support the potential of PAR1 as a viable target in cancer chemotherapy. Our current work involves the elucidation of the PAR1 signaling pathway and combination therapy synergy mechanism.
Psychological aspects of donor insemination: evaluation and follow-up of recipient couples

Objective To evaluate the utility of psychological screening for couples entering a donor insemination program. Design Each spouse completed questionnaires. A psychologist reviewed them and rated the psychological fitness of the couple for participation in the program. Follow-up questionnaires were sent to each couple at a mean of 11 months after entry into the program. Setting Applicants for donor insemination were studied in an infertility program in a large, tertiary referral center. Patients, Participants Consecutive applicants to enter the donor insemination program were required to participate in the initial evaluation. Interventions Couples judged by the psychologist to be at risk for a poor psychological outcome had an assessment and counseling interview with the psychologist before proceeding with insemination. Main Outcome Measures Initially, the Stress and Infertility Questionnaire measured specific anxieties related to donor insemination, marital and sexual impact, and attitudes about confidentiality; the Brief Symptom Inventory measured psychological distress; and the Dyadic Adjustment Inventory assessed marital satisfaction. At follow-up, 48% of couples returned a modified version of the Stress and Infertility Questionnaire and the other two questionnaires. Results The psychologist's rating was predictive of pregnancy rates (59% for excellent candidates, 41% for acceptable couples, and 14% for couples psychologically at risk). At-risk couples were more likely to drop out of the program (50% versus only 20% of other couples). Sexual problems were reported by 59% of women and 53% of men. Couples believed that a child should not be told of the donor insemination (74% of wives and 80% of husbands). Initially, 64% of wives and 70% of husbands chose total secrecy with families or friends, and these attitudes shifted little over time. Conclusion This screening procedure is cost-effective and suggests that psychological intervention should be attempted with at-risk couples.
Metagenomic Characterization of Microbial Communities In Situ Within the Deeper Layers of the Ileum in Crohn’s Disease

Background & Aims Microbial dysbiosis and aberrant host–microbe interactions in the gut are believed to contribute to the development and progression of Crohn’s disease (CD). Microbiome studies in CD typically have focused on microbiota in feces or superficial mucosal layers of the colon because accessing DNA from deeper layers of the bowel is challenging. In this study, we analyzed the deep tissue microbiome in patients who underwent surgical resection of the small intestine. Methods Paraffin blocks were obtained from 12 CD patients undergoing ileocecal resection, and healthy ileum samples (inflammatory bowel disease–free controls) were obtained from 12 patients undergoing surgery for right-sided colon cancer. Diseased and healthy-appearing ileum was identified using microscopy, and paraffin blocks were macrodissected using a core needle to specifically isolate DNA. Illumina Whole Genome Sequencing was used for microbial sequence identification and subsequent taxonomic classification using the PathSeq tool. Results We observed significant differences between the microbiome of CD samples vs inflammatory bowel disease–free controls, including depletion of Bacteroidetes and Clostridia . Notably, microbial composition at the phyla level did not differ markedly between healthy and diseased areas of CD patients. However, we observed enrichment of potentially pathogenic organisms at the species level. Conclusions Our study showed dysbiosis within deeper layers of the ileum of CD patients, specifically enrichment of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus and an environmental Mycobacterium species not described previously. Future studies with larger cohort sizes are warranted to confirm these findings. Studies would benefit from effective microbial DNA extraction methods from paraffin sections and host nucleic acid depletion approaches to increase microbial read coverage.
Reverse variant of follicular lymphoma: uncommon morphology in a common lymphoma

![Figure][1] A previously healthy 62-year-old woman was taken to surgery for partial thyroidectomy for a suspected colloid nodule. A small level VI lymph node was found incidentally during surgery. The lymph node was 0.5 cm in greatest dimension. The architecture was effaced by a nodular
Population-Based Association Studies

Population-based association studies have been playing a major role in mapping genes affected complex diseases. The advantages of population based association studies include greater efficiency in sample recruitment and more power than family-based studies. However, population-based association mapping may lead to false positive findings if population stratification is not properly considered. In this chapter, we will review population-based association mapping methods that can control false positive rate due to population stratification. These methods include approaches. We will apply these methods to a simulated data set and illustrate the approaches. We will apply these methods to a simulated data set and illustrate the advantages and limitations of these methods.
Rhetorical criticism and the rhetoric of science

Skeptics have argued that scientific texts are resistant to scrutiny by rhetorical critics because of the recalcitrance of nature, the exegetical equality of scientific communication, and the institutionally driven nature of scientific text production. This paper argues that none of these purported differences between scientific and public texts bars a rhetorical reading. But each point of contention raises a larger issue about the relationship between text and context in the broader field of rhetorical inquiry: the relationship between text and subject matter, text and audience, and text and author. This paper also addresses the concern that a rhetorical study of scientific texts (or other non‐traditional artifacts) dangerously globalizes rhetorical theory.
Experimentally Testing Game Theory

Controlled economic experiments have the potential to provide direct tests of the underlying assumptions of game theory, rather than the ambiguous tests typically provided by observational data. Thus, if a theory is not supported by experimental data, we can eliminate confounding explanations like mis-specification of the game to the situation, because the situation is constructed to exactly match the specification of the game. This allows us to identify other, deeper, potential causes of the theory’s failure to predict; further experiments can be designed to tease apart competing explanations for its failure, and to suggest refinements to the theory which can incorporate the existing evidence. As a result, we have a much richer body of game theory that can explain and predict behavior in a wide variety of business settings.
Anti-Prostate Cancer Activity of 8-Hydroxyquinoline-2-Carboxaldehyde-Thiosemicarbazide Copper Complexes by Fluorescent Microscopic Imaging.

Copper 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde–thiosemicarbazide (CuHQTS) and copper 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde–4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (CuHQDMTS) are two copper thiosemicarbazone complexes with potent anticancer activity on cisplatin-resistant neuroblastoma cells. This study aimed to evaluate anti-prostate cancer activity of these two copper complexes in vitro. Both CuHQTS and CuHQDMTS inhibited proliferation of prostate cancer cells and showed cytotoxicity on prostate cancer cells carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) by fluorescent microscopic imaging. The findings of this study demonstrated anti-prostate cancer activity of CuHQTS and CuHQDMTS and suggested that GFP-carrying prostate cancer cells might be used for testing anticancer activity of copper complexes by fluorescent microscopic imaging.
Education and Advocacy Efforts to Reduce School Corporal Punishment

Any law that bans corporal punishment would need to be accompanied by efforts to inform the public about the law and to educate them about positive discipline and other non-violent methods of correcting children’s misbehavior (Global Initiative in Prohibiting corporal punishment of children: a guide to legal reform and other measures, 2009).
Signaling in Phototropism

Land plants cope with the same environmental challenges as animals but have the added complication of being fixed to the ground. Thus, adaptability to variable environmental circumstances is essential to plant survival and fitness. A consequence of this condition is the necessity of plants to possess sophisticated sensors to adjust to changes. Plants take the input from their myriad of physiological sensors and respond physiologically. Among these responses are the tropisms, or directional growth responses that are oriented relative to a directional stimulus. Phototropism is among one of the best-studied tropic responses where plant tissues perceive and grow directionally upon perception of a directional light stimulus - positively, or towards the light source, in the case of shoots and negatively, or away from the light source, in the case of roots. From a historical perspective, the phototropic phenomenon has been known for hundreds of years (Whippo and Hangarter in Plant Cell 18:1110–1119, 2006). Yet, only in the past few decades has the phenomenon been carefully studied to the extent that the basis of this response has become clearer. While recent analyses have yielded detailed biochemical mechanisms for some of the phototropic receptors, a great deal remains unknown. In this review of phototropism in plants, the focus is on the growth of our understanding of phototropism from the simple observations of plant growth, to the initial physiological experiments, to the most recent detailed molecular mechanisms. With the advances in genetic and molecular tools we are now in a position to understand the nature of phototropic signaling and its regulation in great detail. Over the past few years we have come to learn much about the complex interplay of molecules, including the photoreceptors, accessory proteins, transcription factors, and effector molecules necessary to perceive the light cues, modulate signaling, activate gene transcription, and elicit physiological change. While some of these players are known, undoubtedly a role for many others will emerge in future studies and such advances will provide new avenues of research.
Neurobiological mechanisms by which emotional arousal influences longterm memory formation

Hermann Ebbinghaus is properly credited with an outstanding scientific achievement: with the publication of a single monograph involving a single subject (himself), he created the formal science of memory, overturning the zeitgeist of his time, which held that a formal science of memory was impossible. His use of simple and tractable to-be-remembered stimuli (nonsense syllables) was critical to his success. But his use of these stimuli also began, as noted above by Hendersen, a widespread tradition of studying human memory without reference to the emotional significance of stimuli and events, with which memory storage mechanisms presumably evolved to operate. We are in recent years witnessing an apparent change in this state of affairs. There appears to be a growing awareness among both psychologists and neurobiologists that understanding memory mechanisms cannot be fully achieved, and in fact may be hindered, by ignoring the emotional reasons influencing whether memories are made or lost.
Recovery from colonic infection elicits serum IgG antibodies to specific Serpulina pilosicoli outer membrane antigens (SPOMA).

Colonic spirochetosis caused by S. pilosicoli is a disease of human and animals characterized by intimate attachment of the spirochete to colonic epithelial cells and colitis. To identify antigens that are potentially involved in recovery from the disease, whole-cell lysate (WC) and various detergent extracts including Sarkosyl-soluble (SS) and insoluble (SI), and Triton X-114 detergent phase (TXD) and aqueous phase (TXA) of the human isolate SP16 were examined by Western blotting with Serpulina spp. periplasmic flagellar protein FlaB-specific monoclonal antibody 7G2 as well as pooled pre-immune serum (PS), hyperimmune serum (HS), and convalescent serum (CS) from swine. The HS reacted with several antigens that were not identified by the CS, including the periplasmic flagellar proteins and some lower molecular weight bands. The CS identified three major immunoreactive double (D) or single (S) bands of approximately: (i) 64-kDa in the WC(S), SS(D), and TXD/A(S), (ii) 54-kDa in the WC(S), SS/I(S), and TXD(S), and (iii) 47-kDa in the SS(S) fraction. The data indicate recovery from colonie infection elicits serum IgG antibodies to specific S. pilosicoli outer membrane antigens (SPOMA).
Incorporating Financial Literacy into the Accounting Curriculum

Financial literacy education, or the lack thereof, has received much attention in recent years. Over the past two decades, we have witnessed the dot com bubble, corporate scandals that stirred the ...
Finite Energy Planes and Periodic Orbits

In this chapter we will prove the main result on finite energy planes due to H. Hofer [64] (see also [2]). Namely, given any manifold M equipped with a contact form λ, denote by ξ → M the associated contact structure and by Xλ the associated Reeb vector field.
Some applications of Hölder's theorem in groups of analytic diffeomorphisms of 1-manifolds

Abstract We obtain a simple obstruction to embedding groups into the analytic diffeomorphism groups of 1-manifolds. Using this, we classify all RAAGs which embed into Diff + ω ( S 1 ) . We also prove that a branch group does not embed into Diff + ω ( S 1 ) .
Iatrogenic Dural Puncture-induced Abducens Nerve Palsy: Treatment with Epidural Blood Patch.

Iatrogenic dural puncture (IDP) is a known complication of epidural anesthesia. While operator experience is certainly critical in preventing inadvertent dural punctures, it can happen even in the hands of a skilled operator. Often, IDP presents as post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) without the involvement of cranial nerves; however, infrequent excessive loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can lead to intracranial hypotension causing compression of the cranial nerves, in particular, the abducens nerve. Here, we describe the case of a patient who suffered from an atypical headache with neurological sequalea from an IDP. Epidural blood patch (EBP) is an effective treatment for PDPH, especially in cases that are not responsive to conservative therapy. However, it may be the first line of defense in patients with neurological symptoms arising from low intracranial hypotension. In our case report, as well as others reported in the literature, there was a complete resolution of the neurological symptoms after the EBP was placed.
Rwandan Infant Caregiving: Promoting a Culture of Peace

Globalization has necessitated the need for applied developmental research in non-Western environments. Research on human development indigenous to areas in sub-Saharan Africa has largely focused on environmental contexts of the child as contributors to development, yet little is known about the transactional relationships between parenting goals, early caregiving practices, and their impact on caregiver well-being. An ecocultural model of development identifies universal developmental pathways characterized by concepts of autonomy and relatedness where child development is organized by socialization goals, parenting ethnotheories, and strategies situated within different environmental contexts. The current mixed-method research examines the parenting beliefs and socialization goals of Rwandan infant caregivers. Results of the study identify parenting goals and beliefs that support peacebuilding and promotion of Rwandan culture. Implications of this study contribute to a cultural understanding of child development in sub-Saharan Africa and broaden the early child development research to include Rwandan cultural norms in order to influence culturally responsive early childhood programs and policies.
Corpora and Analyzing Legal Discourse in the United States

This book chapter will appear in the Routledge Handbook of Corpus Approaches to Discourse Analysis (Eric Friginal & Jack Hardy eds. forthcoming 2020). A digitized data set representing actual language – typically a very large data set – is called by the science of linguistics a “corpus” (plural: corpora). The focus in this chapter is on the use of corpora for the interpretation of statutes (i.e., written laws) and constitutional provisions. The chapter reports a number of examples, dating from the mid-1990s to the present, where corpus-based research either has been offered to American courts or initiated and used directly by judges themselves. Further, two detailed focal case studies will be provided: 1) a very early corpus-based analysis, on how “use a firearm” could be interpreted in a federal criminal statute, that appeared to influence an important decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, and 2) an investigation in 2019 of how a term in the U.S. Constitution, emolument, was used in the late 18th century when the Constitution was drafted and ratified, which is a question of considerable topical importance in the United States at the time of writing, at issue in a series of lawsuits against President Donald Trump. Egbert is a professor of applied linguistics who has authored or co-edited three books and more than 60 peer-reviewed publications. Cunningham is a law professor who has written previously about applying linguistics to the interpretation of legal texts, including Plain Meaning and Hard Cases, 103 Yale L.J. 1561 (1994), Using Common Sense: A Linguistic Perspective on Judicial Interpretations of 'Use a Firearm', 73 Washington University Law Quarterly 1159 (1995), and A Linguistic Analysis of the Meanings of 'Search' in the Fourth Amendment: A Search for Common Sense, 73 Iowa L. Rev. 541 (1988).
Midwest Dairy School: Maximizing Robotic Milking Systems

The Midwest Dairy School provides a one day learning opportunity for producers, industry, and potentially new dairy producers to network and engage in a current topic. With support from the dairy industry and business community, Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, Northeast Iowa Community College, and Northeast Iowa Dairy Foundation, this program has continued to provide valuable information. In 2014, 80 participants attended as well as 2 presenters and 6 panelists. Overall the participants and presenters felt that the event was useful. There was an increase in knowledge with each presentation. There was an increase of knowledge by 68% in “Where are Robotic Milking Systems Taking Us”, 52% in the “Q & A at the Robotic Milking Center”, 106% in “How are Robotic Dairies Feeding their Cows”, and 109% in the “Producer/Nutritionist Panel Discussion”.
Individualized approach to primary prevention of substance use disorder: age-related risks.

The misuse of legal and illegal substances has led to an increase in substance use disorder (SUD) in the United States. Although primary prevention strategies have been successfully used to target chronic physical diseases, these strategies have been less effective with SUD, given misconceptions of SUD, shortages in behavioral health professionals, and the population-based focus on specific substances. A developmental approach to the identification and primary prevention of SUD that does not fully rely upon behavioral health workers is needed. The purpose of this paper was to examine age related risk factors for developing SUD and present a novel individualized approach to SUD prevention. A literature search was conducted to identify risk factors for SUD among children, young adults, adults, and older adults. We searched CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed between the years 1989–2019, and extracted data, analyzing similarities and differences in risk factors across life stages. Broader categories emerged that were used to group the risk factors. More than 370 articles were found. Across all age groups, risk factors included adverse childhood experiences, trauma, chronic health diseases, environmental factors, family history, social determinants, and grief and loss. Despite the similarities, the contextual factors and life challenges associated with these risks varied according to the various life stages. We proposed an approach to primary prevention of SUD based on risk factors for developing the disease according to different age groups. This approach emphasizes screening, education, and empowerment (SEE), wherein individuals are screened for risk factors according to their age group, and screening results are used to customize interventions in the form of education and empowerment. Given that trained persons, including non-healthcare providers, close to the at-risk individual could conduct the screening and then educate and mentor the individual according to the risk level, the number of people who develop SUD could decrease. The risk factors for developing SUD vary across the various life stages, which suggests that individualized approaches that do not overtax behavioral healthcare workers are needed. Using SEE may foster early identification and individualized prevention of SUD.
Probable Genitourinary Adverse Events Associated With Atomoxetine in an Adult Male: A Case Report:

Atomoxetine is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used for treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Prescribing information from the manufacturer lists genitourinary-related adverse ...
Prolonged Postoperative Mechanical Ventilation (PPMV) in children undergoing abdominal operations: An analysis of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database.

Abstract Background Prolonged postoperative mechanical ventilation (PPMV) increases length of stay, hospitalization costs, and postoperative complications. Independent risk factors associated with PPMV are not well-known for children. Method We identified children ( Results We identified 108,392 children who underwent a general surgical abdominal operation in the ACS NSQIP-P database from 2012 to 2017. We randomly divided the population into a derivation cohort of 75,874(70%) and a validation cohort of 32,518(30%). In the derivation cohort, we identified PPMV in 1,643(2.2%). In the multivariable model, the strongest independent predictor of PPMV was neonatal age (OR:20.66; 95%CI:16.44–25.97). Other independent risk factors for PPMV were preoperative inotropic support (OR:10.56; 95%CI:7.56–14.77), an operative time longer than 150 min (OR:4.30; 95%CI:3.72–4.52), and an American Society of Anesthesiologists classification >3 (OR:12.16; 95%CI:10.75–13.75). Conclusion Independent preoperative risk factors for PPMV in children undergoing a general surgical operation were neonatal age, preoperative ionotropic support, duration of operation, and ASA classification >3.
Everything at once: cryo-EM yields remarkable insights into human RNA polymerase II transcription.

After years of only low-resolution and partial assemblies, the entire human preinitiation complex (PIC), including the large and flexible Mediator and TFIID complexes, has come into focus. Five recent papers from three different research groups have transformed our understanding of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II.
Determining the Acetic Acid Concentration in White Vinegar: An At-Home Undergraduate Chemistry Experiment During the COVID-19 Pandemic (preprint)

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many university-level chemistry laboratory experiments transitioned online. This created an educational challenge because students are unable to access reagents and instruments typical in a university lab setting. It is also difficult for students to connect theory to practice since real-lab experimentation is not possible in a virtual online for-mat. In our online Introductory Quantitative Analysis Laboratory course (GW Chem 2123W) in spring 2021, students were required to design and perform an experiment that could be safely conducted at home which can also demonstrate key princi-ples of quantitative analysis. Herein, we conducted a reliable at-home experiment that utilizes university-level acid/base titra-tion techniques to determine the acetic acid concentration in white vinegar. The experiment used sodium bicarbonate in the form of baking soda to titrate the Whole Foods white vinegar which is advertised to contain 6% of acetic acid. We reliably obtained an equivalence point for the titration from which the actual concentration of acetic acid in the vinegar was calculated with error analysis to be 19% higher than the advertised value. The analytical techniques demonstrated in this experiment supplement practical knowledge of acid/base techniques learned in the online classroom and prompt adoption of this meth-odology in online laboratory curriculum. This experiment can also be readily applied to measure other acidic solutions such as vinegar and juice for at-home experiment
Life in an Occupied City: Women in Winchester, Virginia During the Civil War

iv Introduction: A Perspective on Winchester Women’s History 1 Chapter 1: Women’s Politicization and Winchester’s Division 15 Chapter 2: Material Shortages and the Struggle to Survive 37 Chapter 3: Winchester’s Southern Identity: Patriotism and Race Relations 61 Chapter 4: Coping with the Enemy: Humanization and Religion 85 Conclusion: Winchester’s Legacy 112 Bibliography 118 Vita 127
Assigning function tags to parsed text

It is generally recognized that the common nonterminal labels for syntactic constituents (NP, VP, etc.) do not exhaust the syntactic and semantic information one would like about parts of a syntactic tree. For example, the Penn Tree-bank gives each constituent zero or more 'function tags' indicating semantic roles and other related information not easily encapsulated in the simple constituent labels. We present a statistical algorithm for assigning these function tags that, on text already parsed to a simple-label level, achieves an F-measure of 87%, which rises to 99% when considering 'no tag' as a valid choice.
Percutaneous absorption of iodochlorhydroxyquin in humans and dogs.

To the Editor.— Iodochlorhydroxyquin (Clioquinol, Vioform) has been widely used for the prophylaxis of traveler9s diarrhea, treatment of amoebic dysentery, and the management of fungal infections, although its medical value has been questioned.1 However, its oral use has been severely restricted in recent years due to its potential for neurotoxicity,2,3 hepatoxicity and nephrotoxicity.3,4 Iodochlorhydroxyquin, is still used widely in the treatment of diaper rash and other skin disorders, and it is presumed to undergo little percutaneous absorption.