cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
G545(P) An apparent case of non-accidental injury

A four year old girl of mixed Costa Rican and Chinese origin was admitted to KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore for concerns of non-accidental injury (NAI). She presented with spontaneous bruising with occasional gum bleeding over a period of one month. Parents are divorced and they have joint custody of this child. There was no family history of bleeding tendencies. Examination revealed a girl with multiple bruises and petechiae over the upper and lower limbs. There was no hepatosplenomegaly or significant lymphadenopathies. For the workup, her initial full blood count: Haemoglobin 12.1 g/DL, Total white blood cell count 14.72 × 10*9/L (neutrophil 38%, lymphocyte 29%, monocyte 3%, eosinophil 28%), Platelets 135 × 10*9/L. Her coagulation profile was unremarkable. In view of eosinophilia, she was referred to the Haematology team. Her platelet function test was performed and showed decreased aggregation with ADP, Arach acid, collagen and epinephrine, normal aggregation with ristocetin. A clinical diagnosis of Acquired Platelet Dysfunction with Eosinophilia (APDE) was made. She was discharged home as she was clinically well with no further bleeding tendencies. Parents were reassured of the spontaneous recovery expected with this condition. She was subsequently reviewed in the Haematology outpatient clinic periodically and at her latest visit, her full blood count reflected normalisation of her eosinophil counts. Concurrently, there were no concerns from the police and medical social worker investigations, with regards to child safety and future placement. This case highlights the need for high index of suspicion in children who present with spontaneous bruises.
Gene Ontology Meta Annotator for Plants

Abstract Annotating gene structures and functions to genome assemblies is a must to make assembly resources useful for biological inference. Gene Ontology (GO) term assignment is the most pervasively used functional annotation system, and new methods for GO assignment have improved the quality of GO-based function predictions. GOMAP, the Gene Ontology Meta Annotator for Plants (GOMAP) is an optimized, high-throughput, and reproducible pipeline for genome-scale GO annotation for plant genomes. GOMAP’s methods have been shown to expand and improve the number of genes annotated and annotations assigned per gene as well as the quality (based on F-score) of GO assignments in maize. Here we report on the pipeline’s availability and performance for annotating large, repetitive plant genomes and describe how to deploy GOMAP to annotate additional plant genomes. We containerized GOMAP to increase portability and reproducibility, and optimized its performance for HPC environments. GOMAP has been used to annotate multiple maize lines, and is currently being deployed to annotate other species including wheat, rice, barley, cotton, soy, and others. Instructions along with access to the GOMAP Singularity container are freely available online at https://gomap-singularity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/. A list of annotated genomes and links to data is maintained at https://dill-picl.org/projects/gomap/gomap-datasets/.
Abstract 447: Development of CD47-nanomedicine as Novel Treatment for Specific Mitigation of Thrombospondin 1-Induced Vascular Dysfunction

The trans-membrane receptor CD47 is considered a central relay of thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) mediated responses in human cells/tissues, and ubiquitously serves as a marker of self on hematopoietic ce...
The Effect Of Veterans Health Administration Coverage On Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence

High out-of-pocket drug spending worsens adherence and outcomes, especially for patients who are poor, chronically ill, or members of minority groups. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) syste...
Frame Bounds for Gabor Frames in Finite Dimensions

One of the key advantages of a frame compared to a basis is its redundancy. Provided we have a control on the frame bounds, this redundancy allows, among other things, to achieve robust reconstruction of a signal from its frame coefficients that are corrupted by noise, rounding error, or erasures. In this paper, we discuss frame bounds for Gabor frames (g, Λ) with generic frame set Λ and random window g. We show that, with high probability, such frames have frame bounds similar to the frame bounds of randomly generated frames with independent frame vectors.
Emotions and Medical Decision-Making:

Sociologists have written surprisingly little about the role emotions play in medical decision-making, largely ceding this terrain to psychologists who conceptualize emotional influences on decisio...
Defect cluster and nonequilibrium gas bubble associated growth in irradiated UMo fuels - A cluster dynamics and phase field model

Abstract Irradiation examination shows that gas bubble swelling kinetics are much faster after irradiation-induced recrystallization than that prior to recrystallization in U-10 wt% Mo alloy (UMo) fuels. These kinetics imply that gas bubbles in coarse grains and small recrystallized grains have different growth behavior. For the first time, researchers developed a phase-field model of gas bubble evolution integrating microstructure-dependent cluster dynamics to study the gas bubble swelling behavior in the recrystallization zone of UMo fuels. Generation, diffusion, reaction, sink, emission, and clustering of vacancies and interstitials are described by the cluster dynamics model while a phase-field model is used to describe the evolution of nonequilibrium gas bubbles including nucleation and growth. With the coupled model, the effect of defect generation rate, clustering rate, interstitial emission, and sink rates on grain boundaries on the gas bubble evolution are systematically simulated. A set of model parameters (defect generation rate, clustering rate, interstitial emission, and sink rates) is determined by comparing measured and simulated gas bubble swelling kinetics. The results demonstrate that interstitial clustering is one of the important physical mechanisms that results in fast gas bubble swelling kinetics in the recrystallization zone. The developed model can also be extended to study the associated growth of defect and second-phase precipitates often observed in irradiated materials.
CHAPTER 3 – METHOD OF SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATIONS

Publisher Summary Ordinary first-order differential equations can be solved by the well known Picard method of successive approximations. An iterative scheme based on the same principle is also available for linear integral equations of the second kind: g(s)=ƒ(s) + λ ∫k (s,t) g (t) dt. This chapter presents this method. It discusses iterative scheme, Volterra integral equation, and some results about the resolvent kernel.
A systematic review of technological approaches for autism spectrum disorder assessment in children: Implications for the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background Screening and diagnostic assessments tools for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are important to administer during childhood to facilitate timely entry into intervention services that can promote developmental outcomes across the lifespan. However, assessment services are not always readily available to families, as they require significant time and resources. Currently, in-person screening and diagnostic assessments for ASD are limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic and will continue to be a concern for situations that limit in-person contact. Thus, it is important to expand the modalities in which child assessments are provided, including the use of technology. Aims This systematic review aims to identify technologies that screen or assess for ASD in 0-12 year-old children, summarizing the current state of the field and suggesting future directions. Methods An electronic database search was conducted to gather relevant articles to synthesize for this review. Outcomes and results 16 studies reported use of novel technology to assess children suspected of ASD. Conclusions and implications Results strongly supported live-video evaluations, video observations, and online or phone methods, but there is a need for research targeting the feasibility of these methods as it applies to the stay-at-home orders required by the pandemic, and other situations that limit clients from seeing providers in-person.
Carrier-envelope-stabilized optical frequency combs: effect of fluctuations on the comb line shape

We consider theoretically the power spectral density SE(ν) of an otherwise periodic optical pulse train with optical field E(t), i.e., the optical frequency comb, in the presence of noise in the pulse-to-pulse carrier-envelope phase slip in carrier-envelope-stabilized optical pulse trains. The spectrum is a frequency comb where the comb line shape is Gaussian. To obtain these results, we implement a heuristic theory based on an Adler equation for the carrier-envelope frequency noise that for weak noise leads to fluctuation statistics described by an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process.
Skeletal muscle transcriptome in healthy aging.

Age-associated changes in gene expression in skeletal muscle of healthy individuals reflect accumulation of damage and compensatory adaptations to preserve tissue integrity. To characterize these changes, RNA was extracted and sequenced from muscle biopsies collected from 53 healthy individuals (22–83 years old) of the GESTALT study of the National Institute on Aging–NIH. Expression levels of 57,205 protein-coding and non-coding RNAs were studied as a function of aging by linear and negative binomial regression models. From both models, 1134 RNAs changed significantly with age. The most differentially abundant mRNAs encoded proteins implicated in several age-related processes, including cellular senescence, insulin signaling, and myogenesis. Specific mRNA isoforms that changed significantly with age in skeletal muscle were enriched for proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and adipogenesis. Our study establishes a detailed framework of the global transcriptome and mRNA isoforms that govern muscle damage and homeostasis with age. As human skeletal muscle ages, gene expression programs change and reflect damage accumulation and homeostatic resilience mechanisms. Here, the authors present a detailed framework of the global transcriptome that characterizes skeletal muscle during aging in healthy individuals.
Tandem Insertion/[3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement Involving the Formation of Silyl Ketene Acetals by Insertion of Rhodium Carbenes into S-Si Bonds.

Allyl 2-diazo-2-phenylacetates are shown to react with trimethylsilyl thioethers in the presence of rhodium(II) catalysts to generate α-allyl-α-thio silyl esters. The transformation involves a tand...
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to durable left ventricular assist device implantation in INTERMACS-1 patients.

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly used as destination therapy or as a bridge to future cardiac transplant in patients with end-stage heart failure. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be used to bridge patients in cardiogenic shock or with decompensated heart failure to durable mechanical circulatory support. We assessed outcomes in patients in critical cardiogenic shock (Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support [INTERMACS] profile 1) who underwent implantation of a continuous-flow (CF)-LVAD, with or without preoperative ECMO bridging. For this retrospective study, we selected INTERMACS profile 1 patients who underwent CF-LVAD implantation at our institution between Sep 1, 2004 and Nov 30, 2018. Of 768 patients identified, 133 (17.3%) were INTERMACS profile 1; 26 (19.5%) received preoperative ECMO support, and 107 (80.5%) did not. Postimplantation outcomes were compared between the ECMO and no-ECMO groups. No significant differences were found in 30-day mortality (15.4 vs. 15.9%, P = 0.95) or survival at 1 year (53.8 vs. 60.9%, P = 0.51). Three patients who received ECMO before CF-LVAD implantation subsequently underwent cardiac transplant. In the ECMO group, the lactate level 1 day after ECMO initiation was lower in survivors than nonsurvivors (2.7 ± 2.2 vs. 7.4 ± 4.2 mmol/L, P = 0.02; area under the curve = 0.85, P = 0.01) after CF-LVAD implantation. Bridging with ECMO to CF-LVAD implantation in carefully selected INTERMACS profile 1 patients (those who are at the highest risk for critical cardiogenic shock and for whom palliation may be the only other option) produced acceptable postoperative outcomes. Field of research: Artificial lung/ECMO.
Geothermal reservoir stimulation through hydro-shearing: an experimental study under conditions close to enhanced geothermal systems

Abstract Injection-induced shear stimulation (commonly known as ‘hydro-shearing’) is often implemented in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) to enhance the reservoir permeability. Hydro-shearing occurs when a critically stressed pre-existing fracture (or fault) slips at an injection pressure below the minimum principal stress in the reservoir, which opens the fracture due to self-propping of asperities on the fracture surface. In this study, six triaxial flow through tests were conducted on rough fracture and saw-cut granite specimens at temperatures of 20°C, 65°C, and 130°C in order to investigate the impact of hydro-shearing on fracture response to coupled thermal-hydrological-mechanical-chemical (THMC) processes. Hydro-shearing results in a permanent shear-slip in a rough fracture, which opens the fracture due to self-propping of asperities and contributes to retainable permeability enhancement. Thermal stress induced shear-slip was observed in case of saw-cut fracture tested at 130 °C. Thermal stress at elevated temperature could have contributed to the mechanical crushing of asperities and weak fractures, which resulted in higher amount of gouge particles. Increase in temperature also resulted in an enhanced mineral dissolution rate in post-hydro-shearing stage compared to pre-hydro-shearing stage. X-Ray micro CT image showed new micro-cracks propagated from rough surface during hydro-shearing at 130°C, which could contribute to the fracture permeability during post-hydro-shearing stage of the specimen. Gradual decrease in fracture permeability observed during post-hydro-shearing affects the long-term production of the reservoir. The result of the experiments presented here helps to strengthen the understanding of the fracture response to coupled THMC processes during EGS stimulation through hydro-shearing.
Biosynthesis of fluopsin C, a copper-containing antibiotic from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Metal-binding natural products contribute to metal acquisition and bacterial virulence, but their roles in metal stress response are underexplored. We show that a five-enzyme pathway in Pseudomonas...
Capillary electrophoresis of oligosaccharides

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the analysis of both underivatized and derivatized oligosaccharides by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in unmodified, unfilled fused silica capillaries. Capillary zone electrophoresis relies on simple instrumentation that includes a high-voltage supply, a capillary column, and a detector. The capillary column invariably carries a negative charge on its inner surface because the silanol groups of the uncoated capillary ionize above pH 3. The addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to the electrolyte buffer results in partitioning of the analyte between the micelle and the surrounding aqueous phase. Separation is accomplished through differential migration of the phases. There are a number of different methods that can be used to inject a sample into the capillary column for analysis. Gravity injection is an unbiased method of introducing both charged and neutral analytes. Typically, gravity injection that relies on capillary action is used. A high voltage, typically ranging from 10 to 20 kV, is used in CZE. The length of time required for each analysis is usually from 2 to 90 min, depending on capillary length, voltage, buffer, and the net charge of the sample.
Chemical Reactions of Metal‐Metal Bonded Compounds of the Transition Elements

Abstract : An overview of the reactivity patterns associated with compounds containing metal-to-metal bonds is presented. These reactions include formation, cleavage, photolysis, homolysis oxidative-addition, reductive-elimination, substitution and catalytic sequences. (Author)
Antiarrhythmic and hemodynamic effects of calcium channel blocking agents during coronary arterial reperfusion. Comparative effects of verapamil and nifedipine.

To determine the comparative actions of the calcium channel blocking agents verapamil and nifedipine on coronary flow and ventricular arrhythmias during myocardial reperfusion, 24 open chest dogs underwent proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Regional myocardial blood flow (ml/mln per 100 g) was quantltated by microspheres (strontium [85Sr]and cerium [141Ce]) 20 minutes after coronary occlusion and 10 minutes after reperfusion. Dogs were randomly assigned to one of three groups 20 minutes after coronary occlusion: (1) control group (n = 8); (2) dogs given intravenous verapamil (n = 8), 0.2 mg/kg body weight in 5 minutes followed by an infusion of 0.01 mg/kg per min; or (3) dogs given nifedipine (n = 8), 100 μg/kg in 5 minutes followed by an infusion of 3 μg/kg per min. Ten minutes after reperfusion, transmural regional myocardial blood flow in the ischemic zone was unchanged by verapamil and nifedipine (p = not significant [NS]versus control value). The endocardial/epicardial ratio in the hyperemlc zone tended to be lowered by the calcium blocking agents compared with that observed in control animals. Coronary resistance during reperfusion was similar (p = NS) in animals treated with verapamil and nifedipine. Ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation occurred in six dogs In the control group (tachycardia in three and fibrillation in three). Among dogs given verapamil, none had ventricular tachycardia and one of eight had ventricular fibrillation (p <0.05 versus control value). Four of the eight dogs given nifedipine, had ventricular tachycardia (two dogs) or fibrillation (two dogs) (p = NS versus control and verapamil values). Thus, verapamil and nifedipine had similar effects on central and coronary hemodynamics during myocardial reperfusion. However, verapamil, in contrast to nifedipine, decreased reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias. These data suggest that despite similar calcium channel blocking actions, verapamil and nifedipine possess different antiarrhythmic effects.
Interventions to decrease pain and anxiety in patients undergoing urodynamic testing: A randomized controlled trial.

Aims To determine if music (at 60 beats/min) or watching a pre-procedure educational video decreases pain and anxiety in women undergoing multichannel urodynamic testing compared to usual care. Methods Women undergoing multichannel urodynamic testing at a tertiary care center were randomized to one of three groups: usual care (UC), music (M), in which music was played throughout the urodynamic test, or video (V), in which subjects watched an informational video on the procedure prior to undergoing the test. Visual analog scales (VAS) were used to measure patient's pain and anxiety before and after the test. Demographic information was obtained and five-item Likert questionnaires were given to assess information seeking behavior, preparedness, embarrassment, and privacy. Results 98 subjects were included in this analysis. In the overall group, mean perceived pain on the pre-test VAS was significantly higher than the post-test VAS with pre-test mean (SD) 47(±30) and post-test mean (SD) 26(±23), P = 0.0001. Overall the anxiety pre-test VAS was significantly greater than post-test VAS with pre-test mean (SD) 46.9(±29) and post-test mean 17.9(±18), P = 0.0001. There were no differences in pain and anxiety scores between the two intervention groups and usual care. Patients who were randomized to usual care or the video arm felt more prepared for the test compared to patients who were randomized to the music arm, with (mean ± SD): usual care (42 ± 8), video (43 ± 9), music (37 ± 11), P = 0.002. Conclusions Music and an educational video do not decrease pain or anxiety in subjects undergoing multichannel urodynamics compared to usual care. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Studies on cyclic polyols : Part X. Synthesis and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of cyclitols derived from bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane

Abstract exo-exo -2,3,5,6-Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanetetrol ( 5a ) has been synthesized by treatment of bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene with alkaline permanganate. The configurational assignment is based on ( a ) analogy with similar reactions involving bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene, ( b ) reactivity of the tetrol, and ( c ) the n.m.r. spectra of the tetrol, three of its derivatives, and the corresponding 2,3-diol 2a and its derivatives. Long-range shielding and deshielding effects in these spectra are discussed. The influence of the tetrol on mitotic human and plant cells is noted.
Integrating neural networks and knowledge-based systems for robotic control

The authors address the issue of integrating both computational paradigms for the purpose of robotic manipulation. The control task chosen to demonstrate the integration technique involves teaching a two-link manipulator how to make a tennis-like swing. A three-level task hierarchy is defined consisting of low-level reflexes, reflex modulators, and an execution monitor. The rule-based execution monitor first determines how to make a successful swing using rules alone. It then teaches a neural network how to accomplish the task by having it observe rule-based task execution. Following initial training, the execution monitor continuously evaluates neural network performance and re-engages swing-maneuver rules whenever changes in the manipulator or its operating environment necessitate retraining of the network. Simulation results show the interaction between rule-based and network-based system components during various phases of training and supervision. >
The benefits of being a senior mentor: Cultivating resilience through the mentorship of health professions students

Senior Mentor Programs (SMPs) pair community-dwelling older adults with health professions students to facilitate knowledge, improve communication skills, and promote positive attitudes regarding the aging process. Although evidence exists that SMPs meet these goals, the programs' psychosocial impact on the senior mentors remains unexplored. The current study assessed 101 mostly female (64.4%) senior mentors (M age = 77.6) pre- and postprogram. Although mentors had no change in the amount of perceived ageism experienced or expectation of experiencing ageism, their concern/anxiety over ageism significantly decreased from pre- (M = 21.58) to posttest (M = 20.19). Qualitative thematic analysis indicated meaningfulness of program and scheduling difficulties as prevalent themes. Mentors who reported less concern about ageism following the program were more likely to have experienced ageism in the year prior to the program and to attend religious services more often, another potential intergenerational contact. These results highlight possible benefits of mentor service for older adults.
Cardiac phenotype determines survival in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

SummaryObjective To identify determinants of survival by comparing cardiopulmonary function in two patient groups: prolonged survivors of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) versus DMD patients who experienced early death (ED). Methods Retrospective chart review of our DMD patients from 1999 to 2013. Prolonged Survival (PS) was defined as alive and ≥30 years old. Early death (ED) was defined as death at < 30 years old. Exclusion criteria: steroid therapy. Results Eleven patients met criteria for PS and 14 patients for ED (mean age ± SD: 34.3 ± 4.3 years vs. 21.7 ± 3.8 years, respectively; P < 0.001). Pulmonary function was better in the ED patients: all PS patients had a vital capacity of 0 ml (n = 11) versus 23% (3/13) of the ED patients (P < 0.001). Thirteen of 14 ED patients and all PS patients received assisted ventilation. Heart function was worse in the ED patients: ejection fraction (EF) was 42.2 ± 14.2% in the PS patients (n = 11) versus 29.2 ± 14.1% in the ED patients (n = 13; P = 0.035). Dilated cardiomyopathy was present in 36% (4/11) of PS patients versus 78% (11/14) of ED patients (P =0.048). Among ED patients, 57% (8/14) died from progressive cardiomyopathy. Conclusion In our study group, good heart function was a pre-condition for PS and poor heart function was the primary cause of early death. Our results suggest that, when DMD patients are treated with assisted ventilation, heart function is the main determinant of their survival. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:70–76. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Persistence of binge‐eating patterns after a history of restriction with intermittent bouts of refeeding on palatable food in rats: Implications for bulimia nervosa

Objective To test the hypothesis that experience with food restriction produces persistent binge eating. The Minnesota semistarvation experiment and studies of prisoners-of-war show that chronic food restriction produces dramatic changes in eating behavior (including binge eating) that endure decades after restriction has ceased. Bulimia nervosa patients who restrict also binge. Restriction may be a risk factor in the etiology of binge eating and bulimia. Method: Animals were subjected to four different patterns of 12-week restriction-refeeding cycles. The rats were either food restricted (dieting) or not restricted and refed regular or palatable food (binging). Results: Thirty days after normalization (full feeding, no restriction cycling), rats with a history of cycles of restriction and hyperphagia continued to exhibit persistent binge eating. This effect was shown particularly with palatable food, in sated conditions, and in response to acute 24-hr deprivation. Discussion: Results from this animal model implicate restriction and overeating on palatable food as biological determinants of binge-eating behaviors, including bulimia nervosa. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Eat Disord 22:411–420 1997.
Properties of (Ti,Al)N coatings deposited by the magnetic filter cathodic arc

A newly devised magnetic solenoid filter retrofitted in the cathodic arc plating system demonstrates that it can effectively reduce the number and size of the numerous macroparticles that are usually present on the surface of the coatings deposited by the conventional cathodic arc plating system. However, the magnetic solenoid filter tends to alter the composition and properties of the coating deposited. The (Ti,Al)N coatings produced were evaluated in terms of surface properties, color dispersion, elemental content and oxidation behavior. The properties derived for the coatings were categorized according to the position of the coating specimens with respect to the central axis of the target. It was found that the properties of the coatings deposited in this system are symmetric about the central axis of the cylindrical target. In other words, specimens located along the central axis of the cylindrical target were found to be higher in Ti content (28 at.%) and lower in Al content (19 at.%). By comparing the elemental content with the results of colorimetry analysis for the coatings, it was found that the color of the coating is blacker and greener when Al content is higher, and is whiter and redder when the Ti content is higher. The result of thermogravimetry shows an improved oxidation resistance for the coatings having higher Al contents.
Pulse compression in a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator from group-velocity mismatch.

We report on experimental intracavity compression of generated pulses (down to one quarter of the pump-pulse duration) in a widely tunable synchronously pumped picosecond optical parametric oscillator. This pulse compression takes place when the optical parametric oscillator is well above threshold and is due to the pronounced group-velocity mismatch of the pump and oscillating waves in the nonlinear crystal.
Performance speed as a function of practice speed

In a paired-associate learning task, one group was instructed to practice fast and the other instructed to practice slowly, everything else being held constant. When each S reached a set criterion of learning, he was tested under instructions to perform as rapidly as possible. The fast-practice group performed at a significantly faster rate than the slow-practice group.
High-throughput calculations of alloyed delafossite materials: Application to CuGa1−xFexO2

Abstract We present a high-throughput computational method for exploring the optoelectronic properties of delafossite oxide materials of the form AB 1 - x 1 B x 2 O 2 . The delafossite family of materials contains thousands of members when B-site alloying is considered. Using computational methods is an efficient way to predict delafossite properties and evaluate candidate materials for synthesis and further study. We apply this method to a prototypical delafossite, CuGa1−xFexO2, and explore the structural trends and electronic properties of this material. We describe in detail the steps that we take to generate and analyze hundreds of high-throughput calculations of very large supercells (432 atoms) and describe metrics that we devised to study these supercells. We present structural trends in the CuGa1−xFexO2 material as concentration of Fe increased from 0.00
Physically Based Modeling of Cold Load Pickup

A general, physically based, probabilistic model of power system load has been developed [1]. The model is suitable for short-term prediction of system demand by composition, and accounts for lifestyle dependency and weather dependency as well as effects of other exogenous processes. The conceptual framework and notation applicable to a wide range of load modeling problems have been the key issues in developing a general model.
Choices in Context: How Case-Level Factors Influence the Magnitude of Ideological Voting on the U.S. Supreme Court

Most scholarship on Supreme Court decision making assumes that justices’ ideological preferences exhibit a uniform impact on their choices across a variety of situations. I develop a theoretical framework positing the importance of case-level context in shaping the magnitude of ideological voting on the Court. I hypothesize how issue-related factors influence this magnitude. I test the hypotheses using a multilevel modeling framework on data from the 1953-2004 terms. The results provide support for several of the hypotheses; issue salience, issue attention, the authority for the decision (statutory interpretation versus constitutionality of federal or state laws), intercourt conflict, the presence of a lower court dissent, and mandatory versus discretionary jurisdiction all significantly influence ideological voting. Overall, the article adds significant qualifications to extant theories of judicial decision making by showing how ideological voting on the Court is shaped by the varying situations that con...
The Demand for Health Insurance in the Group Setting: Can You Always Get What You Want?

To what extent do health benefits obtained in the employment-based setting reflect individual preferences? We examine this question by comparing the relationship between person-level characteristics and the plans they obtain in a group setting to the relationship observed in the individual insurance market, using data from the 1996-1997 and 1998-1999 Community Tracking Study's Household Surveys. We also examine the effect of unions on group choice. Our structural models of the demand for insurance indicate that plans obtained in the group setting often reflect underlying individual preferences for insurance, but we consistently observe significantly different effects of ethnicity and unionization.
Growth kinetics of systems with continuous symmetry

The phase-ordering dynamics of a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau model for a nonconserved order parameter with O(n) symmetry is investigated. We demonstrate that the two-point order-parameter correlation function obeys scaling in the long-time limit. A closed-form equation of motion is derived for the asymptotic scaling function for general n and spatial dimensionality d. Our approach emphasizes the role of topological defects in governing the scaling regime of the ordering process. These defects are also responsible for the singular behavior of the equal-time correlation function at short distances, which leads to a modified Porod's law for the scattering form factor in Fourier space. We also treat the two-time correlation function and determine the nonequilibrium exponent that controls the power-law decay of the order-parameter autocorrelation function.
Using inexact gradients in a multilevel optimization algorithm

Many optimization algorithms require gradients of the model functions, but computing accurate gradients can be computationally expensive. We study the implications of using inexact gradients in the context of the multilevel optimization algorithm MG/Opt. MG/Opt recursively uses (typically cheaper) coarse models to obtain search directions for finer-level models. However, MG/Opt requires the gradient on the fine level to define the recursion. Our primary focus here is the impact of the gradient errors on the multilevel recursion. We analyze, partly through model problems, how MG/Opt is affected under various assumptions about the source of the error in the gradients, and demonstrate that in many cases the effect of the errors is benign. Computational experiments are included.
Mirror Quality Required By The Antares Laser System

The Antares laser system is a large (100 kJ) CO2 pulse laser operating at 10.6 pm. The system has 72 beam lines, each with an aperture of 900 cm2. The system will be composed primarily of large copper-faced mirrors whose principal dimensions range up to 65 cm. These mirrors will be single-point diamond turned (SPDT) at the Y-12 facility of Union Carbide Corporation in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. We have had to develop surface quality specifications for these mirrors. These specifications were initially set at 50 nm peak-to-valley (p-v) surface error for the microsurface over 0.5-mm areas and 500 nm (p-v) over the whole mirror surface. In this paper an attempt has been made to refine these specifications to a more phys-ically meaningful set based on the performance of the system. The optical specification for Antares is that 80% of the energy from each beam should be deliverable inside a 400-μm circle. The diffraction limited focal spot is 160 pm across, so small amounts of low spa-tial frequency wavefront aberrations are acceptable. This is the "figure error" and can be represented by a best-fit fourth-order polynomial. It is specified separately from the higher spatial frequency "subfigure" errors that diffract light out of the 400-μm circle. Antares will have a completely automatic alignment and centering system. A more versatile and less expensive alignment system can be developed if the alignment is done with visible light. This tightens the tolerances on the microsurface but not the figure error. These requirements, along with several lesser ones, must be considered when tolerancing the mirror quality. It appears that the SPDT mirrors turned at Y-12 will meet our minimum requirements.
The Natural and the Supernatural in Zola's Thérèse Raquin

(2001). The Natural and the Supernatural in Zola's Therese Raquin. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures: Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 140-154.
Corneal hysteresis and visual field asymmetry in open angle glaucoma.

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between corneal biomechanical parameters and asymmetric primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA). METHODS: In a prospective cross-sectional study, ORA parameters were measured in 117 POAG patients with asymmetric visual fields (VF). The asymmetry in VF was defined as a five point difference between the eyes using the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) scoring system. Subjects with previous intraocular or refractive surgery, ocular comorbidities and diabetes were excluded. RESULTS: In worse eyes, mean AGIS scores were significantly higher (8.1 ± 4.3 vs. 1.0 ± 1.6; P < 0.001) and mean corneal hysteresis (CH) was significantly lower (8.2 ± 1.9 vs. 8.9 ± 1.9 mm Hg; P < 0.001). Median ORA-corrected intraocular pressure was higher in the worse eyes (IOP(cc), 17.4 mm Hg vs. 16.9 mm Hg; P < 0.001). Worse eyes had a slightly lower mean corneal resistance factor (P = 0.04) and more myopic mean spherical equivalent (P = 0.02). No difference was seen in the central corneal thickness (CCT; P = 0.63) and Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT; P = 0.32). On multivariate analysis, only CH retained an association with the worse eye (odds ratio, 25.9; 95% confidence interval, 10.1-66.5). ROC curves showed that only CH and IOP(cc) had a discriminative ability for the eye with worse VF (AUC, 0.82 and 0.70, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Asymmetric POAG was associated with asymmetry in ORA parameters but not in CCT and GAT. Lower CH was associated with worse eyes independently of its effect on IOP measurement and had the best discriminability for the eye with the worse VF.
Spouses of Cancer Patients: A Review of the Literature.

This article discusses the impact on the spouse when his or her partner is being treated for cancer. The disease is defined, treatment effects are outlined, and issues affecting the psychological and marital adjustment of spouses are described. Implications are offered for counselors who work with spouses of cancer patients.
Influence of a combination of two tetrachlorobiphenyl congeners (PCB 47; PCB 77) on thyroid status, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and short- and long-term memory in 30-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats.

Abstract The important role of thyroid hormones in growth and development, maintenance of body temperature, digestion, cardiac function, and normal brain development can be disrupted by environmental contaminants like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). Polychlorinated biphenyls are environmental contaminants that are widespread, persistent, lipophilic, and bioaccumulate through food webs, concentrating in adipose tissue. Placental and lactational PCB exposure of offspring causes metabolic and endocrine disruptions including hypothyroxinemia, spatial learning and memory deficits, neurochemical and neurobehavioral alterations, and reproductive problems. Previous studies in our lab using the individual congeners PCB 47 (2,2′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl, ortho -substituted) and PCB 77 (3,3′,4,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl, non- ortho -substituted) have demonstrated alterations in thyroid hormone levels, alterations in brain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and spatial learning deficits. In the present study, pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a diet with or without a mixture of PCB 47/77 at 1.25 ppm, 12.5 ppm or 25.0 ppm (w/w). Rat pups were swum in the Morris water maze four times a day on days 21–29 in order for the animals to learn the position of a submerged fixed platform. A probe test was run on day 24 (30 min after last swim) for short-term memory, and on day 29 (24 h after the last swim) for long-term memory after removal of the platform. Time spent in the quadrant previously containing the platform was recorded. Rats were decapitated on day 30, serum collected and frozen at −20°. ChAT activity was measured radiometrically in basal forebrain and hippocampus. All PCB-treated animals experienced a depression in both triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and thyroxine (T 4 ). The present study found that all doses of PCB depressed ChAT activity in hippocampus with no significant alteration in the basal forebrain. In PCB-treated animals, short-term memory showed a trend toward improvement and long-term memory toward depression, but these trends were not significant. The consequences likely stem from endocrine disruption, especially with regard to the thyroid.
Creativity Levels of Interior Design and Non‐interior Design Majors

Previous research indicates little or no evidence to suggest creativity is linked to a particular college major though some people believe certain college majors have students who score higher on creativity tests. This study was conducted to determine creativity levels of interior design (ID) majors and non-ID majors (hotel and restaurant administration; HRA). A creativity instrument (How Do You Think?, Adult; Davis, 1977) was administered during regular class time to 36 ID majors and 44 HRA majors in the College of Home Economics. Results indicate that the ID majors scored significantly higher than HRA majors and that males scored higher than females. There was no interaction effect of gender and major. Data is discussed in relation to selection and identification of ID majors.
Toward PDN resource estimation: a law of general power density

The power distribution network (PDN) is an increasingly significant consumer of on-chip interconnect resources. Thus, PDN estimation is increasingly central to system-level interconnect prediction for modern ICs. PDN design and verification require accurate power estimation and realistic current source distribution across a die. However, at early design stages, detailed placement or switching information is rarely available, so that designers either rely on pessimistic overdesign, which can lead to severe routing congestion, or encounter unexpected voltage noise problems at late design stages, which can lead to costly design iterations. In this work, we seek to identify a general trend for power density. From both empirical and analytical studies on random activity distributions, we propose a power law of activity density, which can potentially enable estimates of power density and voltage noise, as well as of required power distribution network (PDN) resources, in early design stages.
Role of Substrate Lipophilicity on the N-Demethylation and Type I Binding of 3-O-Alkylmorphine Analogues

A series of 3-O-alkylmorphine analogues was synthesized to determine if there was a good correlation between the rate of metabolism, type I binding affinity, and lipid solubility. The data indicate that the Km for the N-demethylation declines with increasing chain length from C1 to C9, while for increasing chain length the Vmax for the N-demethylation increases to a maximum of 15.20 nmol min-1 (mg of protein)-1 for the butyl analogue (C4) and then slowly declines with analogues with chain lengths greater than butyl (C4). The decyl (C10) and dodecyl (C12) analogues showed no activity. There was a good correlation between the lipophilicity and Km values, except for codeine and the C10 and C12 analogues. The type I binding dissociation constants (Ks) also decreased with increasing alkyl chain length with an excellent correlation between the Ks and log P. The ODmax did not change with increasing the chain length of the analogues. Our data suggest that in male rat hepatic microsomes the catalytic site for N-demethylation and the site for type I binding in this series of compounds are similar but distinct.
Recovery of systolic and diastolic left ventricular function after a 60-second coronary arterial occlusion during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for angina pectoris.

Abstract Recovery of global and regional systolic and global diastolic left ventricular (LV) function was examined after 60 seconds of coronary arterial occlusion in 9 men without myocardial infarction undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic recordings and a simultaneous digital subtraction LV angiogram in the 30 ° right anterior oblique view were performed before coronary occlusion, after 60 seconds of the first 2 occlusions and at 20, 40, 60 and 90 seconds of reperfusion. Diastolic pressure-volume relations paired the digital volumes to corresponding high-fidelity analog pressures. Similar and significant depression of global ejection fraction, percent radial shortening in the jeopardized region, maximal positive dP dt and significant elevation of LV end-diastolic pressure and ST segments occurred with each 60-second coronary occlusion. All of these variables except LV end-diastolic pressure returned to control levels within 40 seconds of reperfusion. Significant elevation of the diastolic pressure-volume relation occurred with each coronary occlusion and progressively diminished to control values with 60 seconds of reperfusion. No statistically significant difference in any measurement occurred between the 2 occlusions and reperfusions at any point. This study shows that similar and significant depression and time course of recovery of global and regional systolic and global diastolic LV function accompanied each 60-second coronary occlusion with recovery of systolic function preceding recovery of diastolic function.
Induction of zinc metallothionein by calcium ionophore in vivo and in vitro

The calcium ionophore, A23187, can induce rat hepatic metallothionein (MT) when administered in vivo (5.8-fold, 5.0 μM, 11 h) and rat hepatocyte MT when administered in vitro (10.70-fold, 1.0 μM, 24 h). Several rat hepatoma cell lines (2M, 4.55-fold; JM2, 12.29-fold; EC3, 14.12-fold; HTC, 7.99-fold) and a normal rat liver cell line (Clone 9, 39.67-fold) were tested for their inducibility of MT mRNA by Cd2+ (10 μM, 8 h). Quantitatively, JM2 and 2M made the most MT mRNA, while HTC made the least. A23187 (0.1–7.0 μM) was studied as an inducer of MT mRNA in these cell lines (except for HTC) and in HeLa. A variety of responses and tolerances were seen with inductions ranging up to 32.11-fold. Quantitatively, the best responding cell lines were EC3 and 2M. A combination induction experiment, using TPA, a protein kinase C activator, and A23187 in EC3 cells revealed an additive effect of the two inducers on MT mRNA levels: TPA (10 nM), 11.71-fold; A23187 (3.0μM), 6.71-fold; and TPA + A23187, 20.00-fold. These studies have implicated perturbations in cytosolic calcium ion concentrations, caused by the ionophore A23187, as being involved in the complicated signaling systems which can lead to induction of MT mRNA and protein.
Walkin' the Line: Seeking That Delicate Balance between Scaring People to Death and Boring `em to Death

Speaking with the media is something almost no scientist looks forward to. Everyone has a story—a time someone was misquoted, or remarks were blown out of proportion, or they saw their names under headlines that were far from reasonable or even true. Or someone spent time carefully explaining an important and complex subject to a TV reporter and ended up with a 5-second “sound bite” on the news. These kinds or experiences can elicit an automatic cringe reaction when the next media opportunity occurs, or a desire to tell that next reporter what he or she really deserves to hear when the phone rings, particularly in the middle of a busy day or a crisis. In these times of harsh economic realities, few scientists have the luxury to have incoming calls screened by a secretary, to refer calls to a qualified public affairs staff, or to divide calls up among knowledgeable and media-sawy colleagues. [B]ecause the public has a right to know... what is of real value in the work that you do . So why submit to the next round of dumb questions, misunderstandings, and lazy reporting? Because your work matters. Because your work puts you at the heart of homeland security in a very fundamental sense. And because the public has a right to know, in most cases, what is of real value in the work that you do. While your favorite scientific publication may be the most prestigious …
A Macroergonomic Approach to the Evaluation of Turnover among IT Workers

In this study, we examine turnover intention in Information Technology (IT) workers, in particular among women and minorities. An initial set of intention to turnover questions from the Michigan Organizational Assessment Scale (Seashore, Lawler, Mirvis, & Cammann, 1982) was used. Phone interviews were conducted with 13 people from three IT companies to refine these turnover intention questions. A new set of three questions was then developed to capture the causes and consequences of turnover intention. Data from 125 IT workers using this new set of questions is also reported.