cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Medialization of the subscapularis footprint does not affect functional outcome of arthroscopic repair.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the functional outcome of arthroscopic subscapularis repair of complete subscapularis tendon tears performed with anatomic tendon-to-bone repair versus repair with medialization of the footprint. Methods A retrospective review was performed of subscapularis tendon tears repaired with an arthroscopic technique from 1998 to 2009. Complete tears of 100% of the length of the subscapularis tendon repaired arthroscopically were included in the study. The exclusion criteria included subscapularis tendon tears of less than 100% of the tendon length, revision repairs, or open repairs. The minimum follow-up was 2 years. Postoperative functional outcome was determined by University of California, Los Angeles and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores. Results Group I comprised 14 tears that were anatomically repaired to the normal lesser tuberosity footprint. Group II comprised 9 tears that were repaired to the lesser tuberosity after medialization of the footprint. There was no difference in improvement in University of California, Los Angeles or American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores between the 2 groups ( P > .05). Furthermore, there was no difference in how patients rated their shoulder, patient satisfaction, or return to activity between the 2 groups ( P > .05). Conclusions On the basis of this study, functional outcome does not appear to be compromised by medialization of the subscapularis footprint. Medialization by 4 to 7 mm is acceptable when tendon mobility is otherwise insufficient to perform an anatomic tendon-to-bone repair of a complete subscapularis tendon tear. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Psychological biases that become mediation impediments can be overcome with interventions that minimize blockages

There often are deep-seated reasons for mediation impasse. Russell Korobkin, of Los Angeles, discusses psychological biases that can impede mediation success. In the first of two parts, he covers negotiators' “overoptimistic overconfidence,” and attribution biases. He also provides interventions to deal with the problems
Impact of bed capacity on spatiotemporal shifts in Ebola transmission

The unprecedentedly devastating Ebola epidemic in West Africa brought international attention to the challenges faced by resource-constrained nations in curtailing outbreaks. As the epidemic tapers in Sierra Leone and Guinea, the focus of epidemiologists has shifted from emergency response toward retrospection. Lessons learned from this outbreak will be fundamental for establishing preparedness strategies and for averting future epidemics. In a masterful data-driven modeling study in PNAS, Kucharski et al. (1) quantified the extent to which the international effort to provide more treatment beds prevented new infections across the 12 districts of Sierra Leone, as well as the incremental benefit that could have been achieved if the provision had been earlier in the epidemic.
Early-onset bipolar disorder: A family treatment perspective

Mood disorder symptoms and their associated functional impairments are hypothesized to come about as the result of the conjoint, interactive influences of genetic, biological, and psychological vulnerabilities, family distress, and life stress at different points of development. We discuss a developmental psychopathology model that delineates pathways to high family conflict and mood exacerbation among early-onset bipolar patients. New data from a treatment development study indicate that adolescent bipolar patients in high expressed emotion families have more symptomatic courses of illness over 2 years than adolescents in low expressed emotion families. Chronic and episodic stressors are also correlated with lack of mood improvement while adolescents are in treatment. Family-focused treatment (FFT) given in conjunction with pharmacotherapy appears to ameliorate the course of bipolar disorder in adults. This treatment has recently been modified to address the developmental presentation of bipolar disorder among adolescents. We present data from an open trial of FFT and pharmacotherapy (N = 20) indicating that bipolar adolescents stabilize in mania, depression, and parent-rated problem behaviors over 2 years. Future research should focus on clarifying the developmental pathways to early-onset bipolar disorder and the role of protective factors and preventative psychosocial interventions in delaying the first onset of the disorder.
Sex differences in prolactin change during mourning

Abstract Fourteen men and 12 women were interviewed eight weeks after conjugal bereavement to discuss the events prior to the spouse's death and the subsequent bereavement period. Prolactin (PRL) was measured at the beginning and end of the interview. Descriptions of thedeceased spouse were obtained during the interview and rated for Developmental Level of Object Representation (DLOR), a measure of the cognitive complexity of the description. There were significant correlations between DLOR and PRL change for both men and women but the correlation for women was positive and the correlation for men was negative. These findings extend the literature on the psychological correlates of PRL change and suggest that the physiological changes associated with mourning are different for men and women.
Nuclear gene phylogeography reveals the historical legacy of an ancient inland sea on lineages of the western pond turtle, Emys marmorata in California.

The historical biogeography of California’s taxa has been the focus of extensive research effort. The western pond turtle (Emys marmorata) is an example of a wide-ranging taxon that spans several well-known California diversity hotspots. Using a dataset comprised of one mitochondrial and five nuclear loci, we elucidate the major biogeographic patterns of the western pond turtle across the California landscape. By employing a combination of phylogenetic and network-based approaches, we recovered a relatively ancient (c. 2–8 Ma) north ⁄south split among populations of E. marmorata and find an area of intergradation centred in the Central Coast Ranges of California. In addition, discordant mitochondrial ⁄nuclear genetic patterns suggest subsequent gene flow from northern populations and from San Joaquin Valley populations into the Central Coast Ranges after the Pliocene-Pleistocene marine embayment of the Great Central Valley subsided. Our results emphasize the utility of nuclear DNA phylogeography for recovering the impact of relatively ancient biogeographic events, and suggest that the Central Coast Ranges of California have played a major role in the geographic structuring of the western pond turtle, and possibly other co-distributed taxa.
Mothers Touching Newborns: A Comparison of Rooming‐in versus Minimal Contact

We compared the maternal behaviors of women who had extended and early contact (rooming-in) with their infants with those who had contact only during feedings. Thirty-one young, unmarried, predominantly black, lower-socioeconomic mothers and their infants were observed in the mother's hospital room for 15 minutes after a morning feeding approximately 18 hours after delivery. A time sample unit checklist was used to record each mother's behavior, looking, talking, and touching directed toward their infants and others, as well as watching television and talking on the telephone. Analyses of variance revealed that the rooming-in mothers looked at, talked to, and touched their infants more, watched less television, and talked less on the telephone than mothers with minimal contact with their infants. These findings suggest that increased postpartum contact with infants leads not only to more interaction, but also to more touching as well as touching in more intimate places (face and head), thus highlighting the value of rooming-in arrangements for mothers and infants.
Selling under the swastika: advertising and commercial culture in Nazi Germany

The proliferating interest in consumer-related issues over the past three decades has brought an increased appreciation of the political aspects of business behavior and the advertising industry th...
RTNoC: A Simulation Tool for Real-Time Communication Scheduling on Networks-on-Chips

Networks-on-chips (NoC) is accepted as the most promising on-chip communication infrastructure to solve the communication bottleneck of MPSoCs. Currently, research on real-time communication scheduling on NoCs is immature, and no existing simulation tool can satisfy the requirements of simulating real-time communication scheduling on NoCs. Such a simulator is highly desirable for the research on NoC-based real-time systems. In this paper, we designed RTNoC, a realtime communication scheduling simulator on wormhole-switched NoCs. We also use this simulator to evaluate the real-time performance of different scheduling algorithms with periodic task sets. Experiment results show that RTNoC is a good tool to motivate research on real-time communication scheduling.
Intact active bone transplantation synergizes with anti-CD40 ligand therapy to induce B cell tolerance.

Blockade of T cell costimulatory pathways can result in the prolongation of allograft survival through the suppression of Th1 responses; however, late allograft rejection is usually accompanied by an emerging allograft-specific humoral response. We have recently determined that intact active bone (IAB) fragments transplanted under the kidney capsule can synergize with transient anti-CD40 ligand (CD40L) treatment to induce robust donor-specific allograft tolerance and suppress the alloantibody response. In this study, we take advantage of the ability of galactosyltransferase-deficient knockout (GT-Ko) mice to respond to the carbohydrate epitope, galactose-α1,3-galactose (Gal), to investigate whether IAB plus transient anti-CD40L therapy directly tolerize B cell responses. GT-Ko mice tolerized to Gal-expressing C3H hearts and IAB plus transient anti-CD40L therapy were challenged with pig kidney membranes that express high levels of Gal. The anti-Gal IgM and IgG responses were significantly suppressed in IAB-tolerant mice compared with controls, while the non-Gal anti-pig Ab responses were comparable. The anti-pig T cell cytokine response (IFN-γ and IL-4) was comparable in IAB-tolerant and control mice. The tolerant state for the anti-Gal IgM response could be reversed with repeated immunization, whereas the tolerant state for the IgG response was robust and resisted repeated immunization. These observations provide an important proof-of-concept that adjunct therapies can synergize with anti-CD40L Abs to tolerize B cell responses independent of their effects on T cells. This model, which does not require mixed chimerism, provides a unique opportunity for investigating the mechanism of peripheral tolerance in a clinically relevant population of carbohydrate-specific B cells.
Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

A 60-year-old man underwent radical prostatectomy after a needle biopsy diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the prostate with Gleason score 3 þ 3 1⁄4 6 in 4 of 12 cores. Sections of radical prostatectomy tissue showed areas with a somewhat nodular growth of complex glands resembling benign prostatic hyperplasia (fig. 1). This proliferation represents an uncommon variant of usual acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate known as pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma, so called because the light microscopic appearance can simulate that of epithelial hyperplasia in the prostate. This variant, along with other deceptively benign appearing variants (atrophic and foamy gland adenocarcinomas), constitutes a large percentage of needle biopsy cases misdiagnosed as benign. There are no known clinical, radiological or gross features specific for pseudohyperplastic prostatic adenocarcinoma. Microscopically, pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma shows papillary infolding (fig. 2), luminal undulations and branching, and cystic dilatation. Pseudohyperplastic prostatic adenocarcinoma in the whole gland may be localized
The Hybrid Progress Note Semiautomating Daily Progress Notes to Achieve High-Quality Documentation and Improve Provider Efficiency

Health care institutions are moving toward fully functional electronic medical records (EMRs) that promise improved documentation, safety, and quality of care. However, many hospitals do not yet use electronic documentation. Paper charting, including writing daily progress notes, is time-consuming and error prone. To improve the quality of documentation at their hospital, the authors introduced a highly formatted paper note template (hybrid note) that is prepopulated with data from the EMR. Inclusion of vital signs and active medications improved from 75.5% and 60% to 100% (P < .001), respectively. The use of unapproved abbreviations in the medication list decreased from 13.3% to 0% (P < .001). Prepopulating data enhances provider efficiency. Interviews of key clinician leaders also suggest that the initiative is well accepted and that documentation quality is enhanced. The hybrid progress note improves documentation and provider efficiency, promotes quality care, and initiates the development of the fort...
Antibacterial activity of native California medicinal plant extracts isolated from Rhamnus californica and Umbellularia californica

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global public health. Medicinal plants have long been used as remedies for infectious diseases by native cultures around the world and have the potential for providing effective treatments for antibiotic-resistant infections. Rhamnus californica (Rhamnaceae) and Umbellularia californica (Lauraceae) are two indigenous California plant species historically used by Native Americans to treat skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. This study aimed to assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts of leaves and bark of R. and U. californica against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Methanolic extracts of leaves and bark of R. and U. californica were prepared by soxhlet extraction and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Chemical profiling of the extracts was performed using standard methods. All extracts inhibited the growth of MRSA and other Gram-positive bacteria with MICs of 3.3-6.0 mg/ml. Gram-negative organisms were unaffected by these extracts. U. californica extracts (leaves and bark) had the lowest MIC values. Chemical profiling detected the presence of quinones, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardenolides, tannins and saponins in these extracts. Our study is the first to report the antimicrobial properties of R. and U. californica and illustrates their promising anti-MRSA potential. Our results give scientific credence to the traditional medicinal uses of these plants by the indigenous peoples of California. Further investigation of the secondary metabolites responsible for the antimicrobial activity of these extracts against MRSA is warranted.
A computing architecture for physics

In this paper, we show how a computing architecture, called "Salt", might be able to implement the workings of a particular Discrete Space-Time-State model of Physics (DSTSP). While what is presented is certainly not a correct model of fundamental processes in physics, it illustrates how such models could give us insights into new methods of modeling some attributes of microscopic physical systems. The main novelty of the approach is an unusual definition of a discrete space-time where time itself is made more complex in order to allow for simple representations of quantities that have properties in common with QM spin, charge and fractional charge, QCD color and reversibility with CPT symmetry.
Does universal active MRSA surveillance influence anti-MRSA antibiotic use? A retrospective analysis of the treatment of patients admitted with suspicion of infection at Veterans Affairs Medical Centers between 2005 and 2010.

After the implementation of an active surveillance programme for MRSA in US Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers, there was an increase in vancomycin use. We investigated whether positive MRSA admission surveillance tests were associated with MRSA-positive clinical admission cultures and whether the availability of surveillance tests influenced prescribers' ability to match initial anti-MRSA antibiotic use with anticipated MRSA results from clinical admission cultures.
Parallel global routing for standard cells

The potential speedup of a standard cell global router using a general-purpose multiprocessor is investigated. LocusRoute, a global routing algorithm for standard cells, and its parallel implementation are presented. The uniprocessor speed and quality of LocusRoute is comparable to modern global routers. LocusRoute compares favorably with the TimberWolf 5.0 global router and a maze router that searches the same space more completely. Two successful methods of parallel decomposition of the router are presented. The first, in which multiple wires are routed in parallel, uses the notion of chaotic parallelism to achieve significant performance gains by relaxing data dependencies, at the cost of a minor loss in quality. Using iteration and careful assignment of wires to processors, this degradation is reduced. The approach achieves measured speedups from 5 to 14 using 15 processors. The second parallel decomposition technique is the evaluation of different routes for each wire on separate processors. It achieves speedups of up to 6 using 10 processors. It is demonstrated that when these two approaches are combined, the aggregate speedup is the product of the individual approaches' speedup, and, using an improved scheduling approach, it can be even greater. With a simple model based on these results, speedups of more than 75 using 150 processors are predicted. >
Rural Roadway Safety Perceptions Among Rural Teen Drivers Living in and Outside of Towns

Purpose: To compare perceptions about rural road and general driving behaviors between teens who live in- and out-of-town from rural communities in Iowa. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 160 teens anticipating their Intermediate License within 3 months upon enrollment into this study. Self-administered surveys were used to collect demographics and driving exposures (eg, frequency of driving, age when first drove unsupervised). Two Likert scales were included to measure agreement with safe driving behaviors on rural roads and general safe driving behaviors (eg, speeding, seat belt use). T-tests were calculated comparing mean composite scores between in- and out-of-town teens, and between mean rural road and general driving safety attitude scores. A linear regression multivariable model was constructed to identify predictors of the rural road score. Results: While the majority of teens endorsed rural road and general safe driving behaviors, up to 40% did not. Thirty-two percent did not believe the dangers of animals on rural roads, and 40% disagreed that exceeding the speed limit is dangerous. In-town teens were less safety conscious about rural road hazards with a significantly lower mean composite score (4.4) than out-of-town teens (4.6); mean scores for general driving behaviors were similar. Living out-of-town and owning one's own car were significant predictors of increased rural road safety scores. Conclusion: Rural, in-town teens have poorer safety attitudes about rural roadway hazards compared with out-of-town teens. Interventions that involve education, parental supervision, and practice on rural roads are critical for preventing teen crashes on rural roads. Language: en
‘Needs’ and ‘Wants’ in Marketing Literature: Pedagogical Difficulties

The diversified definitions of "needs" and "wants" in marketing textbooks are compared in terms of similarities and differences. The two themes that emerge from this chronicle include the notion that both constructs represent a discrepancy between actual and desired states and that needs and wants differ in various cultural environments.
Public Sphere, Postmodernism and Polemic.

Theories of the public sphere, as standardly formulated, aim to specify the minimal, necessary conditions for a discursive realm free of coercion or manipulation. In his article in this Review in September 1992, Dana Villa urged us to reconsider this standard account. He argued that when read in light of postmodernist theory, Hannah Arendt provides the basis for a revised conception of the public sphere that privileges plurality and difference over consensus. Jim Johnson suggests that Villa's analysis is a thinly veiled polemic against critical theory. Johnson argues that, as critique, Villa's argument is neither decisive nor encompassing, and that as polemic it blinds Villa to potentially fruitful disagreements with critical theorists. Villa replies that Johnson misses the synthetic thrust of the original article because he identified public realm theory too narrowly with Habermas. Thus, he misconstrues the dialogue Villa sought to facilitate between Arendt and postmodernism.
Democratic and constitutionalist elements in Khomeini’s Unveiling of Secrets and Islamic Government

AbstractThis is a study of Khomeini’s two main pre-revolutionary political works: one, Islamic Government, in which he urges his audience to accept that Islam is a political religion and jurisprudents of Islamic law have a crucial role in government; and a second, The Unveiling of Secrets, of which only short excerpts have been translated into English and which has received scant attention by scholars outside of Iran. This latter work is crucial to study because in this work, he elaborates his view on democratic and constitutionalist principles, subjects he had treated only vaguely and briefly in Islamic Government. Contrary to much of the secondary literature produced on Khomeini, which claims that Khomeini’s theory is simply a theory of guardianship, antithetical to participatory government, the article claims that in The Unveiling of Secrets, and (though more ambiguously) in Islamic Government, Khomeini appeals to democratic and constitutionalist principles to argue that the views of common citizens, a...
Taxing Farmland in the Urban Fringe

AMONG the fundamental and inalienable rights of American citizenship, surely one most prized is the right to complain about taxes. The farmer has about as good a cause as anyone to exercise this right, for farm property taxes have been rising without interruption for 20 years, at a rate averaging more than 5 percent per year. The increase has been most rapid, and concern most evident, in farming areas close to growing urban centers. One manifestation of this concern has been a spate of legislative activity in state capitals around the country, designed to hold down assessments, and thereby taxes, on farmland in the rural-urban fringe. The general approach and some of the problems involved are perhaps best illustrated by four developments in recent months in four different states.
Correlation Between Blood Ascorbic Acid and the Dichlorophenolindophenol Intradermal Test

ConclusionNo correlation between the fasting blood ascorbic acid and the decolorization time of the dichlorophenolindophenol intradermal test was noted in a series of 50 adult female patients with active tuberculosis, in 43 of whom hypovitaminosis C existed.
Influence of German Romanticism on Nietzsche

Nietzsche and Romanticism were linked together by countless ties. The decisive influence of German Romanticism on Nietzsche is as follows: infinity, eternity, integrity, artistic metaphysics, individual autonomy, personality, creativity, irony, self transcendence, nonsystematism etc. It is this romantic path as well as his further development and transcendence that initiated Modern Western Philosophy.
Primary study on the development mechanism of smart grid

In order to find the inherent development law of smart grid under various conditions and make a better coupling of all kinds of smart grid research, the internal mechanism of smart grid development is studied. On the basis of domestic and international smart grid theoretical research and construction practices, starting from the analysis of basic power grid mode, combining with the external drive for smart grid from economic and social aspects, a development mechanism analysis methodology is put forward which considers the factors both inside and outside of power system. Furthermore by use of the methodology, the vision and characteristics of smart grid, development planning and evaluation of the key technologies are analyzed summarily. Some new knowledge from the perspective of smart grid development mechanism and working methods to further deepen the related research are obtained.
Control of Methylene Chloride—Furniture Stripping Dip Tank

Abstract The furniture stripping industry has an estimated 21,000 workers who are employed by approximately 4000 small businesses averaging slightly over five employees each. Previous worker exposure studies have documented time-weighted average exposures to methylene chloride in the furniture stripping industry ranging from 300 parts of methylene chloride per million parts of air (ppm) to over 2100 ppm. This article describes an evaluation of a local exhaust ventilation system designed by researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for furniture stripping dip tanks that can be used to control methylene chloride exposures to workers. The dip tank process makes up approximately 10 percent of the furniture stripping industry. (Ventilation systems for the major process, the solution recycle method, have been previously evaluated by NIOSH researchers and the information has been published elsewhere.) The ventilation system described herein is a two-sided slot hood with a...
Analyzing hygienic quality of drinking water of Zhongshan in 2009

Objective:To investigate the hygienic quality status of drinking water in all the places of Zhongshan City in order to provide scientific basis for improving the quality of drinking water.Methods:Random sampling was used to determine the water samples in a year.The analysis included toxicological parameters(Arsenic,Cadmium,Hexavalent Chromium,Lead,Mercury,Selenium,Cyanide,Fluoride,Nitrate,Trichlormethane,Carbon Tetrachloride,ect),organoleptic and general parameters(Color,Turbidity,Odor and taste,Macroscopic Substance,Aluminum,PH value,Iron,Manganese,Zinc,Copper,Chloride,Sulfate,Oxygen consumption,Volatile phenol,Anion detergents,Total soluble solid,Total hardness,ect),microbiological parameters(Aerobic bacterial count,Total coliform bacteria,Thermotolerant coliform bacteria) and disinfectants parameters(Cl2,ect).Results:The water quality was evaluated based on the Standards for drinking water quality.375 samples were appropriate to the standard by all the test items of total 460 samples,and the regular rate was 81.5%.Conclusion:The quality status of drinking water in all the places of Zhongshan City was preferably.The relevant departments should also take sufficient attention.
Methods for the Study of Caspase Activation in the Xenopus laevis Oocyte and Egg Extract

The study of apoptosis and caspases has advanced greatly over recent decades. Studies conducted in the Xenopus laevis egg extract and oocyte model system have significantly contributed to these advances. Twenty years ago, Newmeyer and colleagues first showed that the X. laevis egg extract, when incubated at room temperature, reconstituted the key molecular events of cellular apoptosis including cytochrome c release, nuclear condensation, internucleosomal fragmentation, and caspase activation. The biochemical tractability of the egg extract system allows for robust study of apoptotic events and caspase activation. Its nature as a cell-free extract system allows substrates to be very simply added by pipette, and their effects on apoptosis and caspase activation and their placement in the apoptotic signaling pathway (e.g., pre- or post-mitochondrial) are subsequently very simply studied using the techniques described in this chapter. Also described in this chapter are assays that allow the study of caspase activation in intact oocytes, another valuable tool available when using the X. laevis model organism. Overall, the X. laevis egg extract/oocyte model is a robust, efficient, and biochemically tractable system that is ideal for the study of apoptosis and caspase activation.
IT'S NOT JUST A JOB: Military Service and Latino Political Participation

Using the Latino National Political Survey, this paper tests the hypothesis that military service serves to stimulate electoral and nonelectoral political participation by Latinos. The results are compared with those for Anglos (non-Hispanic whites). The data show that Latino veterans, and particularly draftees, exhibited higher levels of voting and low-intensity nonelectoral political activities. Anglo veterans did not increase their participation to the same extent. Service in the volunteer army was a much less important explanatory factor of both Latino and Anglo political participation. Military experience therefore has a greater impact on Latinos than Anglos, and the draft experience was more important than volunteer service.
Novel Approaches for Reversible Field Releases of Candidate Weed Biological Control Agents: Putting the Genie Back into the Bottle

Biological control programs for weeds are coming under increased scrutiny by environmental groups in the USA. Legal challenges not only have stopped the release and redistribution of one group of biological control agents for weeds, but also have apparently delayed the issuance of permits for other biological control agents that have been recommended for field release. In this paper, three experimental approaches are described for predicting the field host specificity of some biological control candidates for weeds in the proposed country of introduction without any risk of permanent establishment of the insects. All three approaches are based on scientifically proven concepts and will facilitate biological control releases on an experimental basis before full-scale implementation.
Severity of a Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak Across a Range of Stand Conditions in Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado, United States

Abstract The recent mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreaks had unprecedented effects on lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) in western North America. We used data from 165 forest inventory plots to analyze stand conditions that regulate lodgepole pine mortality across a wide range of stand structure and species composition at the Fraser Experimental Forest in Colorado, USA. Forest inventory data were then combined with Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) imagery and boosted regression trees modeling to map outbreak severity (proportion of basal area killed). The outbreak severity map was evaluated with training (pseudo-R2 = 0.63, RMSE = 0.13) and independent test plots (pseudo-R2 = 0.42, RMSE = 0.27). This map was used to compare pine mortality in regenerating clearcuts and mature stands, which would have been problematic otherwise since regenerating clearcuts were underrepresented in the forest inventory data. Mortality spanned from 0 to 99% of stand basal area, proportional to the abundance of pine in surveyed stands. During the outbreak, mortality was highest for larger-diameter trees; however, contrary to earlier outbreaks, beetles also attacked younger stands. Pine mortality was lower in stands regenerating from clearcut harvests conducted between 1954 and 1985 than in mature stands and was more closely related to topographic factors than stand age or clearcut size; mortality was highest on southerly aspects and lower elevation sites, favorable to lodgepole pine. The best predictors for mapping outbreak severity were the change in the Normalized Difference Moisture Index between pre- and end-of-outbreak imagery and the end-of-outbreak ETM+ band 5. A better understanding of mortality patterns relative to forest management can inform management planning and assessment of the influence of bark beetle outbreaks on ecosystem processes.
Naturally-occurring changes in social-cognitive factors modify change in physical activity during early adolescence.

Purpose To determine whether naturally-occurring changes in children’s motives and beliefs are associated with the steep decline in physical activity observed from childhood to early adolescence. Methods Latent growth modeling was applied in longitudinal tests of social-cognitive influences, and their interactions, on physical activity in a large cohort of boys and girls evaluated annually between 5th and 7th grades. Results Measurement equivalence of motives and beliefs was confirmed between boys and girls. After adjustment for gender and maturity differences, physical activity declined less in children who reported the least decreases in self-efficacy for overcoming barriers to activity and perceived parental support. Physical activity also declined less in students who persistently felt they had more parental and friend support for activity compared to those who reported the largest decrease in support from friends. After further adjustment for race, the decline in physical activity was less in those who had the largest decrease in perceived barriers and maintained a favorable perception of their neighborhood environment. Changes in enjoyment and social motives were unrelated to change in physical activity. Conclusion Using an objective measure of physical activity, we confirm that naturally-occurring changes in children’s beliefs about barriers to physical activity and their ability to overcome them, as well as perceptions of their neighborhood environment and social support, are concurrent with age-related declines in children’s physical activity. The longitudinal findings confirm these putative social-cognitive mediators as plausible, interacting targets of interventions designed to mitigate the marked decline in physical activity that occurs during the transition between elementary and middle schools.
The Dynamics of Collapse in an Authoritarian Regime: China in 19671

Theories of rebellion and revolution neglect short-run processes within state structures that can undermine their internal cohesion. These processes are evident in the rapid unraveling of the Chinese state early in the Cultural Revolution. Portrayed in past accounts as a culmination of student and worker insurgencies, an early 1967 wave of power seizures was in fact accelerated by an internal rebellion of bureaucrats against their own superiors. These led to the widespread collapse of local governments, diverting the course of the Cultural Revolution and forcing intervention by the armed forces. An event-history analysis of the diffusion of power seizures across a hierarchy of 2,215 government jurisdictions portrays a top-down cascade that spread deeply into rural regions with few students and workers and little popular protest. The internal rebellions were generated endogenously by events during the course of these upheavals, as individual officials reacted to shifting circumstances that threatened their...
Toward Patient-Centered Hospital Design: What Can Airports Teach Us?

Recent media comparisons of New York's LaGuardia Airport to a “third-world country” have led to renewed focus on the aging aviation infrastructure in the United States. However, travelers' complaints about long lines, delays, and unexpected expenses may sound familiar to another group of consumers: patients seeking medical care at hospitals across the nation.
Concomitant thyroid disease and primary hyperparathyroidism in patients undergoing parathyroidectomy or thyroidectomy.

Background: Thyroid abnormalities have been found intraoperatively during parathyroidectomy and have resulted in concomitant thyroidectomy. The identification of concomitant disease is important prior to primary operation in order to minimize reoperations. This study investigates the incidence of concomitant primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and thyroid nodular disease in patients undergoing thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of prospectively gathered data for 621 patients who underwent thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, or both at Tulane Medical Center. Information obtained included initial referral, initial thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), initial parathyroid hormone (PTH), fine needle aspiration (FNA) results, ultrasound results, type of operation performed, final diagnosis, and final pathology. Results: Among the 400 patients referred primarily for thyroid disease, 13.50% underwent a thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy (PTX) simultaneously and 10.75% received a final diagnosis of thyroid and concomitant parathyroid disease. Among the 103 patients referred primarily for parathyroid disease, 26.21% underwent a PTX and thyroidectomy and 24.27% received a final diagnosis of both thyroid and parathyroid disease. Patients referred primarily for parathyroid disease were more likely to receive a final diagnosis of both parathyroid and thyroid disease and were more likely to undergo a combined operation. Conclusions: Concomitant thyroid and parathyroid disease occur and preoperative analysis is important to avoid increased complications from reoperations.
Circuitry Linking the Global Csr- and σ E -Dependent Cell Envelope Stress Response Systems.

CsrA of Escherichia coli is an RNA-binding protein that globally regulates a wide variety of cellular processes and behaviors, including carbon metabolism, motility, biofilm formation, and the stringent response. CsrB and CsrC are small RNAs (sRNAs) that sequester CsrA, thereby preventing CsrA-mRNA interaction. RpoE (σE) is the extracytoplasmic stress response sigma factor of E. coli Previous RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) studies identified rpoE mRNA as a CsrA target. Here, we explored the regulation of rpoE by CsrA and found that CsrA represses rpoE translation. Gel mobility shift, footprint, and toeprint studies identified three CsrA binding sites in the rpoE leader transcript, one of which overlaps the rpoE Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence, while another overlaps the rpoE translation initiation codon. Coupled in vitro transcription-translation experiments showed that CsrA represses rpoE translation by binding to these sites. We further demonstrate that σE indirectly activates the transcription of csrB and csrC, leading to increased sequestration of CsrA, such that repression of rpoE by CsrA is reduced. We propose that the Csr system fine-tunes the σE-dependent cell envelope stress response. We also identified a 51-amino-acid coding sequence whose stop codon overlaps the rpoE start codon and demonstrate that rpoE is translationally coupled with this upstream open reading frame (ORF51). The loss of coupling reduces rpoE translation by more than 50%. Identification of a translationally coupled ORF upstream of rpoE suggests that this previously unannotated protein may participate in the cell envelope stress response. In keeping with existing nomenclature, we named ORF51 rseD, resulting in an operon arrangement of rseD-rpoE-rseA-rseB-rseCIMPORTANCE CsrA posttranscriptionally represses genes required for bacterial stress responses, including the stringent response, catabolite repression, and the RpoS (σS)-mediated general stress response. We show that CsrA represses the translation of rpoE, encoding the extracytoplasmic stress response sigma factor, and that σE indirectly activates the transcription of csrB and csrC, resulting in reciprocal regulation of these two global regulatory systems. These findings suggest that extracytoplasmic stress leads to derepression of rpoE translation by CsrA, and CsrA-mediated repression helps reset RpoE abundance to prestress levels once envelope damage is repaired. The discovery of an ORF, rseD, translationally coupled with rpoE adds further complexity to translational control of rpoE.
CD44 directed nanomicellar payload delivery platform for selective anticancer effect and tumor specific imaging of triple negative breast cancer.

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive tumor subtype, lacking estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER-2) receptors. Thus, early detection and targeted therapy of TNBC is an urgent need. Herein, we have developed a CD44 targeting Hyaluronic Acid (HA) decorated biocompatible oligomer, containing FDA approved vitamin E TPGS and Styrene Maleic Anhydride (SMA) (HA-SMA-TPGS) for targeting TNBC. The self-assembling HA-SMA-TPGS was encapsulated with poorly water soluble, potent curcumin analogue (CDF) to form nanomicelles (NM), HA-SMA-TPGS-CDF has demonstrated excellent nanoparticle characteristics for parenteral delivery. The targeted NM can selectively kill TNBC cells through CD44 mediated apoptosis pathway. Tumor imaging using phase-2 clinical trial near infrared (NIR)-fluorescent dye (S0456) conjugate, HA-SMA-TPGS-S0456 showed excellent TNBC tumor accumulation with minimum liver and spleen uptake. To our best of knowledge, for the first time, we are reporting a promising platform for CD44 mediated multimodal NIR imaging and cytotoxin delivery to TNBC.
Ortho-Novum® 1/35-21 (Ortho Pharm.)

Ortho-Novum 1/35−21 tablets are a combination oral contraceptive. Each tablet contains 1 mg of the progestational compound, norethindrone, and 0.035 mg of the estrogenic compound, ethinyl estradiol. These are available in a dialpak dispenser containing 21 tablets. For further information see ORTHO-NOVUM 1/50−21 and ORTHO-NOVUM 1/80−21 which are also 21-day regimens indicated for the prevention of pregnancy in women who elect to use oral contraceptives as a method of contraception.
Understanding Ice Cloud-Precipitation Properties of Three Modes of Mesoscale Convective Systems During PECAN

Climate Model Development and Validation (CMDV) program - Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the US Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-SC0017015]; NASA CERES project [NNX17AC52G]
Iron overload and arrhythmias: Influence of confounding factors

Arrhythmias as a cardiac complication of iron overload (IO) have been well described for decades in the clinical literature. They are assumed to be directly associated with the myocardial accumulation of iron. However, the influence of heart failure and elevated oxidative stress, which are major arrhythmogenic confounding factors associated with IO on arrhythmias, has not been critically reviewed in the published literature. A comprehensive narrative review of published articles in PubMed was conducted to address the influence of confounding factors of IO on arrhythmias. The previous data may have been largely confounded by the other cardiac complications of IO, particularly heart failure. The previous studies on IO-related arrhythmias lack proper age-gender-matched control subjects and/or comparison groups with properly controlled confounding factors to assess accurately their etiology and clinical significance. Given the above considerations, further mechanistic investigations to clarify the etiology and clinical relevance of IO-induced arrhythmias are needed. In addition, investigations to develop arrhythmia management strategy specific to IO, are warranted.
The Woman Question in Plato's Republic

Plato's Republic is famous, and in some quarters infamous, for the three waves of radical innovation—that females join males in the guardian class, that women and children be held in common, and th...
Epidemiological analysis of croup in the emergency department using two national datasets.

Abstract Objectives To characterize cases of croup presenting to emergency departments (EDs) nationwide, analyze trends, and determine readmission rates. Methods Retrospective review of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (2007–2014) and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (2008–2015). Results Both databases provided similar descriptive statistics. Annual mean of 352,388 (weighted) cases in the National Emergency Department Sample (1.35% of ED cases). Average age and male:female ratio 2.50 years and 1.95:1, respectively. Peak incidence was in autumn (October = 13.7%) with troughs in the summer (July = 3.7%). 21.3% received nebulizers, Conclusions Croup imposes a significant burden on the ED. Although hospital admissions decreased, annual incidence in the ED remained stable. The majority of cases are in males less than three years old, and 5.0% of patients represented readmissions. Only three-quarters received glucocorticoids despite the proven benefits, including reducing readmission rates. Antibiotic usage was high, with a large number representing potential cases of inappropriate antibiotic use.
IPSS-Independent Cytogenetic Risk Categorization in Primary Myelofibrosis.

Abstract 2909 Poster Board II-885 Background: Previous studies have identified sole abnormalities of del(20q) and del(13q) as prognostically favorable cytogenetic markers in primary myelofibrosis (PMF) ( Tefferi et al. BJH 2001;113:763 ). A more recent study ( Tam et al. Blood 2009;113:4171 ) confirmed these findings and suggested additional cytogenetic markers of prognosis. In the current study with larger numbers of informative patients studied at time of diagnosis, we wanted to validate these observations and examine the prognostic interaction between cytogenetic risk categorization and the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). Methods: Patients with cytogenetic information at diagnosis were selected from the Mayo Clinic database of WHO-defined PMF. Specific cytogenetic categories were considered only in the presence of at least 5 informative patients; otherwise, they were included in the category of “other cytogenetic abnormalities”. Follow-up information was updated in July, 2009. Survival curves were prepared by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Cox regression model was used for multivariable analysis. Results: 200 patients were studied (median age, 62 years; 63% males). The IPSS risk distributions were low in 66 patients, intermediate (int)-1 in 64, int-2 in 44 and high in 26. Cytogenetic findings at diagnosis were abnormal in 83 (42%) patients and included sole del(20q) in 21, complex (i.e. 3 or more abnormalities) in 13, sole del(13q) in 8, sole +8 in 7, sole +9 in 6, and other abnormalities in 28 patients. Median survivals in low, int-1, int-2 and high IPSS risk groups were 188, 71, 47 and 26 months, respectively (p Conclusion: The current study identifies sole +9, along with del(13q) and del(20q), as favorable and sole +8, along with complex abnormalities, as unfavorable cytogenetic markers of prognosis in PMF. Cytogenetic risk categorization in PMF has an IPSS-independent prognostic value that is important in patient selection for specific therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.