cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical and imaging properties of a novel multi-segment spectacle lens designed to slow myopia progression.

PURPOSE High sampling density optical metrology combined with pupil- and image-plane numerical analyses were applied to evaluate a novel spectacle lens containing multiple small zones designed to slow myopia progression. METHODS High-resolution aberrometry (ClearWave, www.lumetrics.com) was used to sample wavefront slopes of a novel spectacle lens, Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) (www.hoya.com), incorporating many small, positive-powered lenslets in its periphery. Using wavefront slope and error maps, custom MATLAB software ('Indiana Wavefront Analyzer') was used to compute image-plane point-spread functions (PSF), modulation transfer functions (MTF), simulated images and power distributions created by the dual-focus optic for different pupil sizes and target vergences. RESULTS Outside of a central 10 mm zone containing single distance optical power, a hexagonal array of small 1 mm lenslets with nearest-neighbour separations of 0.5 mm were distributed over the lens periphery. Sagittal and curvature-based measures of optical power imperfectly captured the consistent +3.50 D add produced by the lenslets. Image plane simulations revealed multiple PSFs and poor image quality at the lenslet focal plane. Blur at the distance optic focal plane was consistent with a combination of diffraction blur from the distance optic and the approximately +3.50 D of defocus from the 1 mm diameter near optic zones. CONCLUSION Converging the defocused beams generated by the multiple small (1 mm diameter) lenslets to a blurred image at the distance focal plane produced a blur magnitude determined by the small lenslet diameter and not the overall pupil diameter. The distance optic located in between the near-add lenslets determines the limits of the optical quality achievable by the lens. When compared to the optics of a traditional concentric-zone dual-focus contact lens, the optics of the DIMS lens generates higher-contrast images at low spatial frequencies (<7 cycles per degree), but lower-contrast at high spatial frequencies.
The University Classroom Observation Program: Connecting Middle and High School Teachers with University Instructors

In the University Classroom Observation Program (UCOP), middle and high school teachers spend time on campus observing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) classes and engaging in discussions with colleagues and college instructors. The program provides a unique and reciprocal professional learning opportunity. Middle and high school teachers learn to use an observation protocol to collect data in STEM classrooms. These data serve as feedback for individual college instructors; help provide an aggregate snapshot of teaching throughout the university; and contribute to faculty professional learning opportunities, new teaching and learning initiatives, and the larger discipline-based education research (DBER) literature. UCOP offers middle and high school teachers discussion and networking opportunities to reflect on their own teaching and on ways to better prepare their students for college. Here we describe the program, articulate the benefits for stakeholders, reflect on lessons learned, and discuss important considerations for the development of similar programs.
Synchronization of a mm-Wave Frequency Comb to a Chip-Scale Mode-Locked Laser via Harmonic Injection Locking

A mm-Wave frequency comb with 240GHz spacing is synchronized to a MLL-PIC using harmonic injection locking, this represent optical frequency division of 24x. The Allan Deviation on the repetition rate stability is 10−10 at 1s.
Transient Quadriplegia: A Case-Based Approach to Cervical Trauma.

Author(s): Jabola, Raymond; Boswell, Benjamin; Lutz, Robert H.; Casey, Jack; Ceraulo, Anthony | Abstract: Introduction: Spinal cord injuries are a common reason for presentation to the emergency department (ED). Sports-related spinal injuries are one of the least common spinal injuries, falling behind vehicular accidents, acts of violence, and falls.Case Report: This case report describes a case of transient quadriplegia in a 17-year-old male who presented to the ED after a helmet-to-helmet collision while participating in football.Conclusion: Emergency physicians should be cognizant of potential spinal cord injury using clinical decision tools and radiologic imaging to properly disposition a patient presenting with cervical spine injury.
Embracing Mystery: Radiation Risks and Popular Science Writing in the Early Cold War.

Narrative form is crucial to the understanding of science in popular culture. This is particularly true with subjects such as radiation, in which the technical details at hand are often remote from everyday experience—as well as contested or uncertain among experts. This article examines the narrative choices made by three popular texts that publicized radiation risks to the public during the Cold War: John Hersey's Hiroshima, David Bradley's No Place to Hide, and Ralph Lapp's The Voyage of the Lucky Dragon. It contends that each author borrowed from well-established literary genres and that this borrowing was crucial to coherence and effective messaging of the argument. At the same time, placing the arguments in such a familiar form served to blunt some of the radical potential in those same messages.
Organic electrochemical transistors in bioelectronic circuits

The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) represents a versatile and impactful electronic building block in the areas of printed electronics, bioelectronics, and neuromorphic computing. Significant efforts in OECTs have focused on device physics, new active material design and synthesis, and on preliminary implementation of individual transistors as proof-of-concept components for sensing and computation. However, as most of the current studies are based on single devices, the integration of OECTs into circuits or high-level systems has lagged. In this review, we focus on recent efforts to incorporate individual OECTs into digital, analog, and neuromorphic circuits, and lay out important considerations relevant for (hybrid) systems integration. We summarize the operation principles and the functions of OECT-based circuits and discuss the approaches for wireless power and data transmission for practicality in biological and bio-inspired applications. Finally, we comment on the future directions and challenges facing OECT circuits from both a fundamental and applied perspective.
Improving burnout and well-being among medicine residents: Impact of a grassroots intervention compared to a formal program curriculum.

BACKGROUND: With growing resident burnout, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education issued new requirements for program interventions to optimize resident well-being. Little evidence exists on how to best teach resiliency to residents. This study assesses the impact of both a grassroots intervention and formal resiliency curriculum on resident burnout and well-being. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 2016 to August 2017, residents in a large Internal Medicine Residency Program participated in grassroots wellness interventions from the resident-led Gator Council in Gainesville, FL USA. From August 2017 to June 2018, residents participated in a formal program-driven resiliency curriculum. Wellness interventions included monthly morning reports, bimonthly workshops, and biannual noon conferences. Pre- and postintervention Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and Physician Well-Being Index (PWBI) assessed the effect of both interventions on resident burnout and well-being. Statistical analyses used Student's t-test, Fisher's exact tests, and linear regression model. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-two residents participated in grassroots interventions. One hundred and seventeen (87 residents, 35 students) participated in formal curriculum. Mean MBI scores for all three sections did not differ between pre -and postgrassroots intervention (emotional exhaustion [EE] P = 0.46; depersonalization [DP] P = 0.43; personal accomplishment printarticle.asp?issn=2277-9531;year=2021;volume=10;issue=1;spage=250;epage=250;aulast=Sheer P = 0.73]) or between pre- and postcurriculum (EE P = 0.20; DP P = 0.40; PA P = 0.51). Students scored higher burnout levels compared to residents in EE (P = 0.001) and PA (P = 0.02). Pre- versus postcurriculum PWBI scores did not differ among residents (P = 0.20), while PWBI scores improved among students (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study found no improvement in resident burnout or well-being from a bottom-up and top-down approach. Our results imply the need for an early wellness curriculum to improve student well-being given their higher level of burnout. System-wide efforts are vital to combat physician burnout.
Social determinants of flu vaccine uptake among racial/ethnic minorities in the United States

Abstract Research on the social determinants of vaccine uptake often occur between racial/ethnic groups and not within groups. Though minoritized individuals face inequalities across the board, these are also not evenly distributed amongst minoritized individuals within groups. Using the National Health Interview Survey data, we examined disparities in flu vaccine uptake across racial/ethnic groups in the United States (US). We examined (a) NH (non-Hispanic) White (n = 32,655), (b) NH Asian (n = 2335), (c) NH African American (n = 5137), and (d) Hispanic (n = 5718) respondents who lived in the United States using the combined 2017 and 2018. We used multivariable logistic regression to predict flu vaccination (yes/no) both in models comparing racial/ethnic groups and within groups. Less than 50% of any of the four major racial/ethnic groups in the US received a flu vaccination in 2017–18. Flu vaccine uptake varied within racial and ethnic groups. These results suggest that increasing vaccination may require a complex, multi-faceted perspective that considers subgroups more directly.
Age Differences in Driving-Specific Tests of Executive Function

The purpose of the present study was to examine age differences in executive function as measured by novel driving-specific tests of executive function using a novel driving simulator. Developmental changes in executive function have been implicated as possible contributing factors to elevated crash statistics for both older adult (over age 65) and adolescent (between age 15 and 20) populations, however for different reasons. Poorer older adult driving performance has been partially attributed to general age-related cognitive decline in executive function mediated by age-related frontal-lobe atrophy and neural disconnection. Immature executive function has been implicated in poorer adolescent driving performance and is thought to be expressed in situations where the developmentally high sensitivity of the socio-emotional reward system outcompetes the regulatory influence of the under developed executive system. Using a new, high fidelity, virtual reality driving simulator, we created drivingspecific tests to assess executive function. These operational tests employed driving-relevant stimuli, with driving-relevant challenges, that required drivingrelevant responses, in a driving-relevant context. Fifteen older adult and 20 adolescent drivers completed these driving-specific executive function tests. We hypothesized that poorer older adult driving performance would be reflected on these driving specific tests of executive function due to general cognitive decline and that, given the absence of social-emotional reward, adolescents would outperform older adults. Analyses of both bivariate correlations and group comparisons generally supported these predictions.
A regulated approach to certificate management

Traditionally, creation and revocation of certificates are performed manually, by trusted agents, under conditions that are rarely formalized. This approach to certificate management is appropriate for many current applications, where the certification or revocation of certificates is based on non-digital credentials. But it is expensive, time consuming and error-prone for the growing class of applications where credentials are digital and may be verified automatically. It is our thesis that what is needed in this situation is a mechanism that provides for the explicit formulation of certificate management policies, and for their enforcement. In order for such an approach to be effective, the range of supported policies should not be limited to certificate management regulations alone. It is often the case that an activity cannot be fully described and understood independently of the management of the certificates it uses. Conversely, creation and revocation cannot always be specified autonomously: they may be called for as side-effects of operations unrelated to certificate management. We show how a control mechanism, called LGI, can be extended to support a wide range of certificate management policies as well as regulations for the various activities that use these certificates.
On Source Rules for ABR Service on ATM Networks with Satellite Links

During the design of ABR traffic management at the ATM Forum, we performed several analyses to ensure that the ABR service will operate efficiently over satellite links. In the cases where the performance was unacceptable, we suggested modifications to the traffic management specifications. This paper describes one such issue related to the count of missing resource management cells (Crm) parameter of the ABR source behavior. The analysis presented here led to the changes which are now part of the ATM traffic management (TM 4.0) specification. In particular, the size of the transient buffer exposure (TBE) parameter was set to 24 bits, and no size was enforced for the Crm parameter. This simple change improved the throughput over OC-3 satellite links from 45 Mbps to 140 Mbps.
Photons, Molecules and Solids in Interstellar and Circumstellar Regions: an Introduction for Non Astronomers

We discuss both the physical conditions in the interstellar medium, and the nature of the mass lost from stars that is injected into the interstellar environment. Likely sources of PAH’s are mass-losing carbon-rich red giants and carbon-rich planetary nebulae. These objects account for about half of the mass and most of the carbon injected into the interstellar medium.
Creative Essay: What the Medical Model Can Learn From the Case of the Colorblind Painter: A Disability Perspective

The author of this reflection is someone who has lived with hemiparesis throughout her entire life, yet has chosen to work as a physical therapist and professor of neurological impairment within the rehabilitation field. She brings her perspectives to the evaluation of the color-blind painter, whose story was shared in the classic book of Oliver Sachs’ Anthropologist from Mars. Using the Brandt-Pope Model of enabling-disabling continuum, the reflection begs the questions so often avoided by the medical model, what if fixing the problem is not the sought answer? What if the normal curve has lost appeal?
Reacting Compressible Mixing Layers: Structure and Stability

Understanding the structure and the stability characteristics of a reacting compressible mixing layer is of fundamental importance. Also, this flow can regarded as the simplest relevant model of the combustion process in the scramjet. The theory describing the structure and stability of this flow is reviewed. This includes the structure of the mean flow and the combustion model, both of which determine the stability characteristics. Among the subjects included in the review of the stability characteristics are: the eigenvalue spectrum, convective Mach number, growth rates, and the transition from convective to absolute instability. Comparisions to experimental and numerical simulation results are made where possible.
Traditional and Family-Friendly Benefits Practices in Local Governments: Results from a National Survey:

Traditional and family-friendly benefits are an essential and costly component of the compensation and human resources management system. This research effort surveyed 427 local governments regarding their benefits practices. The results indicate that local governments provide a competitive traditional benefits package (health, pension, etc.) but provide few family-friendly benefits (child care, elder care, etc.). Municipal governments provide greater breadth and depth of benefits coverage than county governments. The provision of family-friendly benefits is positively associated with the number of needs assessment strategies, the dummy variable for municipal government, the number of structural solutions implemented, state management of selected benefits and the provision of part-time benefits.
Integrative clustering methods for high-dimensional molecular data

High-throughput ‘omic’ data, such as gene expression, DNA methylation, DNA copy number, has played an instrumental role in furthering our understanding of the molecular basis in states of human health and disease. As cells with similar morphological characteristics can exhibit entirely different molecular profiles and because of the potential that these discrepancies might further our understanding of patientlevel variability in clinical outcomes, there is significant interest in the use of high-throughput ‘omic’ data for the identification of novel molecular subtypes of a disease. While numerous clustering methods have been proposed for identifying of molecular subtypes, most were developed for single “omic’ data types and may not be appropriate when more than one ‘omic’ data type are collected on study subjects. Given that complex diseases, such as cancer, arise as a result of genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic alterations, integrative clustering methods for the simultaneous clustering of multiple ‘omic’ data types have great potential to aid in molecular subtype discovery. Traditionally, ad hoc manual data integration has been performed using the results obtained from the clustering of individual ‘omic’ data types on the same set of patient samples. However, such methods often result in inconsistent assignment of subjects to the molecular cancer subtypes. Recently, several methods have been proposed in the literature that offers a rigorous framework for the simultaneous integration of multiple ‘omic’ data types in a single comprehensive analysis. In this paper, we present a systematic review of existing integrative clustering methods.
Apartheid and the Erosion or Preservation of Medicinal Plant Knowledge

Aston Philander et al. (2011) present data from a fascinating, important and carefully researched study of local plant knowledge in greater Cape Town, illustrating variation in knowledge of medicinal plants, a correlation between levels of knowledge and length of urban residence, and evidence for the continued transmission of knowledge among recent Xhosa-speaking rural–urban migrants. From this, they draw the questionable conclusion that these patterns can be attributed to apartheid. The authors take apartheid on the terms of its designers, as a policy of ethnic separation, while ignoring the consequences of the massive forced displacement which was used to put this policy into effect. Nationwide, under the Group Areas Act of 1950, which created segregated residential zones, more than 3.5 million people were forcibly displaced between 1962 and 1980 (Hallett 1984: 316), transforming many rural landscapes into denuded and densely populated slums (e.g., Murray 1992). South Africa and its “homelands” also forcibly moved nearly three million Africans under villagization and soil conservation programs (de Wet 1995: 28) which were not applied to whites. Before turning to Cape Town, prima facie evidence compels skepticism that apartheid could lead to the preservation of medicinal plant knowledge, given the known effects of resettlement on social capital and (dis)continuity in cultural transmission and natural resource use (e.g., Cernea 1997, Ross 2002). The geography of apartheid-era displacement further suggests that forced resettlement likely destroyed, rather than sustained, environmental knowledge. In greater Cape Town, 150,000 people classified as Coloured were “evicted from their natal homes and communities in the Cape Peninsula between 1957 and 1985 under the Group Areas Act.” In particular, communities living in what became the whites-only southern suburbs, closest to the natural areas of Table Mountain and amongst the farms of Constantia and nearby areas, were displaced into the newly-created Cape Flats townships (Besteman 2008). Conversely, the region least affected by forced displacement was the predominantly Xhosa-speaking “Transkei” region of what is now the Eastern Cape province, which remained free of large-scale white settlement and largely free of internal removals. Substantial migration of Xhosa-speakers to Cape Town (in particular to the Cape Flats townships, where those classified as African were not allowed to live during apartheid) is largely a voluntary, post-apartheid phenomenon, precipitated by the end of influx control (the infamous “pass laws”) in 1986 (Bekker 2002: 24), and is “dominated by people from
Myofibroblast persistence in fetal sheep wounds is associated with scar formation

Abstract The scarless repair capabilities of the fetus are influenced by the size of the wound and the gestational age of the fetus. Whereas small wounds heal scarlessly, large wounds in the same fetus heal with scar. Myofibroblasts are specialized fibroblasts that express α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a contractile cytoskeletal protein. The authors hypothesized that small fetal wounds that heal scarlessly will have a relative absence of myofibroblasts, whereas large wounds that heal with scar will have abundant myofibroblasts. In this study, an incisional wound and four punch biopsy wounds of 2, 4, 6, and 10 mm diameter were placed on the backs of 60- to 90-day-gestation fetal sheep (term, 145 days). Fourteen days after wounding, the healed fetal wounds were harvested, the repair morphology was determined (scarless, transitional repair, or scar), and the expression of α-SMA was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. In the second part of this study the authors analyzed the temporal expression of α-SMA in fetal wounds at 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after wounding in 70-day-gestation fetal sheep. In the 14-day wounds, the authors found that α-SMA was not expressed in any incisional or 2-mm wound that healed scarlessly, but it was expressed in all wounds that healed with scar. Overall, α-SMA expression strongly correlated with increasing wound size ( P
Review of electromagnetic induction for mapping barrier island framework geology

Abstract The geologic framework controls on modern barrier island transgression and the relationship of these controls to subsurface structure, hydrology and island geomorphology are not well understood. Recent evidence suggests that alongshore variations in pre-Holocene geology of barrier islands modify nearshore hydrodynamic processes and sediment transport, ultimately affecting how barrier islands will respond to relative sea-level rise. Explorations of Holocene barrier island geology are usually based on cores to supplement bathymetric, onshore/offshore seismic and/or ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys. The advantages and limitations of these methods with respect to barrier island investigations are briefly described in this review. Alternative near-surface geophysical methods including electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors are increasingly being used for coastal research because they are non-invasive, provide continuous subsurface information across a variety of sub-environments, and are capable of characterizing large areas in a short time. Although these EMI sensors have shown promise in coastal applications, a number of issues primarily related to subsurface hydrology need to be addressed to fully assess the limitations of this technique. This paper reviews the theory, methodology and applications of EMI in support of geologic framework studies with particular reference to barrier islands. Resolution of these issues will allow EMI sensors to complement and offer significant advantages over traditional methods in support of an improved understanding of large-scale barrier island evolution.
Marriage, Birth, and Bātinī Ta'wīl: A Study of Nusayrī Initiation Based on the Kitāb al-Hāwī fī 'ilm al-fatāwī of Abū Sa'īd Maymūn al-Tabarānī

This paper explores the description of Nusayrī initiation found in the recently published Kitāb al-Hāwī fī ‘ilm al-fatāwī of the Vth/XIth century Nusayrī scholar al-Tabarānī. Like other so called ġulāt sects, the Nusayrīs believed that religious knowledge must be hidden from the masses and should only be revealed to the elite after proper initiation. Al-Tabarānī's work gives new insight into this process, showing how the laws of Nusayrī initiation were systematically modeled on Islamic marital laws. Al-Tabarānī's description of initiation is a perfect example of the type of esoteric exegesis characteristic of the bātinī sects active in early Islamic times and reveals the extent to which the Nusayrīs made use of the Qur’ān and Hadīth. Rather than discarding Islamic precepts, as they have often been accused of doing, the early Nusayrīs paid great attention to the laws of Islam, extracting inner meanings from the text of the Qur’ān in order to create their own legal system that was at the same time Islamic and distinctly sectarian.
Observability of heavy Higgs bosons

It is argued that, in certain popular heavy-color scenarios in which the Higgs sector of the standardSU 2×U 1 electroweak theory is generated dynamically, the physical Higgs particle, of zeroth-order massm H, has the pole of its propagator at $$m_H^2 + \frac{{1 - i}}{{\sqrt 2 }}\frac{{m_H }}{{M_w }}\frac{{\sqrt \alpha }}{{\sin \theta w}}\frac{1}{{(4\pi /3)^{\frac{2}{3}} R_{HC}^2 }}$$ when $$m_H (\pi \alpha /2\sin ^2 \theta _w )^{\frac{1}{2}} /Mw > \frac{1}{2}$$ . Here,R HC is the effective radius of the heavy-color Wigner-Seitz vacuum cells introduced by Johnson. For conventional values of the parameters, a Higgs particle withm H=0.383 TeV has a width of 0.663 TeV!
Design, synthesis, structure–activity relationship, and in vivo activity of azabicyclic aryl amides as α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists

A novel set of azabicyclic aryl amides have been identified as potent and selective agonists of the alpha7 nAChR. A two-pronged approach was taken to improve the potential hERG liability of previously disclosed alpha7 nAChR agonist, PNU-282,987, while maintaining the compound's other desirable pharmacological properties. The first approach involved further exploration of the aryl carboxylic acid fragment of PNU-282,987, while the second approach focused on modification of the azabicyclic amine portion of PNU-282,987. The best compounds from each series are characterized by rapid brain penetration, good oral bioavailability in rat, and demonstrate in vivo efficacy in a rat P50 auditory sensory gating assay. At least one analog from each series (1h, 1o, 2a, 9a, and 18a) shows an improved hERG safety profile over PNU-282,987.
Resistance training guidelines for individuals with diabetes mellitus

Resistance/strength training is added to an exercise regimen to create a well-rounded program that enhances muscular conditioning and improves health, physical fitness, and/or athletic performance. This article presents resistance training guidelines for individuals with diabetes mellitus, with and without vascular complications. The existing literature concerning exercise prescription and the acute and chronic physiological responses to resistive-type exercise is discussed. The educator is provided with principles that govern resistance training so that safe and effective programs can be prescribed for individuals with diabetes.
Fiber types in the longissimus muscle from water buffalo and selected domestic beef breeds

The distribution and area of longissimus muscle fiber types from two intact male water buffaloes, one Angus bull and one Charolais bull were evaluated. Only fibers of aerobic-oxidative capacity were present in the muscles of the water buffalo examined. The absence of αW fibers may imply some significant and distinct differences in muscle metabolic and functional characteristics. All three fibers types were present in the muscles from the Angus and Charolais bulls. These findings may implicate distinct and unique differences in meat characteristics from water buffalo, such as in organoleptic and/or processing traits.
Cluster analysis for autocorrelated and cyclic chemical process data

A clustering algorithm based on principal components analysis (PCA) is proposed for clustering autocorrelated and cyclic data sets typical of continuous chemical processes. A moving window approach is used to adjust the temporal properties of the solution; different parametrizations of the moving window can be used to isolate the high- and low-frequency content of the time series measurements. A framework is proposed to combine separate cluster analyses performed at different time scales to identify all process states and accurately detect the transition points between the states in the face of a periodic disturbance affecting a process. The method is tested on experimental data from a continuously operated pilot-scale process, and is shown to be superior to traditional k-means clustering. PCA variable contribution analysis is used to diagnose the nature of the various operating regimes and faults identified by the cluster analysis.
Case report 748

A case of chondroblastoma associated with an aneurysmal bone cyst has been described. The radiographic appearance of the lesion understandably reflects the combined features of both tumors. Up to one-half of all cases of aneurysmal bone cysts are found in association with other tumors, benign or malignant, and up to 15% of chondroblastomas are combined with an aneurysmal bone cyst (4).
Preformed donor-specific antibodies and risk of antibody-mediated rejection in repeat renal transplantation

BACKGROUND Allograft outcomes in patients undergoing repeat renal transplantation are inferior compared to first-time transplant recipient outcomes. Donor-specific antibodies detected by solid-phase assays (DSA-SPA) may contribute to the worse prognosis. The influence of DSA-SPA on repeat renal transplantation outcomes has not been previously studied in detail. DESIGN This study reports the findings in 174 patients who underwent repeat renal transplantation between years 2007 and 2012. These included 62 patients with preformed DSA-SPA detected by Luminex at the time of transplantation. Patients received standard and consistent immunosuppression and were monitored closely for evidence of rejection. Recipients who underwent desensitization were excluded from this analysis. Endpoints included development of biopsy-proven acute rejection and analysis of graft survival and function. RESULTS Patients in the DSA-SPA-positive and DSA-SPA-negative groups received similar immunosuppression, and a similar proportion of recipients had a peak panel reactive antibody greater than 20%; the two groups differed with respect to human leukocyte antigen mismatches (4.7 ± 1.1 vs. 4.1 ± 1.7, P=0.024). Recipients with preformed DSA-SPA had higher rejection rates (54.8% vs. 34.8%, P=0.01), including higher rates of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) (32.3% vs. 7.1%, P<0.001). Recipients who were DSA-SPA-positive and flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM)-positive had a higher incidence of both AMR (OR 4.6, P=0.009) and of acute rejection (OR 3.57, P=0.02) as compared to those who were DSA-SPA-positive and FCXM-negative. Overall allograft survival was similar in the DSA-SPA-positive and DSA-SPA-negative groups (log-rank test=0.63, P=0.428). Differences in allograft function were detectable after 2 years (32.8 ± 13.1 vs. 47 ± 20.2 mL/min/1.73 m(2), P=0.023) and may be reflective of more AMR among DSA-SPA-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS This analysis suggests that DSA-SPA increases the overall risk of acute rejection but does not appear to adversely impact allograft survival during the early follow-up period. Close monitoring of renal function and early biopsy for AMR detection appear to allow for satisfactory short-term allograft outcomes in repeat transplant recipients.
Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase

Subuni ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Molecular weight and s to ich iomet ry . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Isola t ion and amino acid compos i t ion . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Impuri t ies or products o f proteolysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Biogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Comparison wi th other ATPases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Quasi-particle and matrix models of the semi Quark Gluon Plasma

Abstract We make a simple observation about two models used to treat the region near the critical temperature of QCD, quasiparticle and matrix models. While they appear very different, we show how these two models might be related. We also present results for the temperature dependence of the ratio of the shear viscosity to the entropy in a matrix model, and suggest that quasi-particle models may behave similarly.
Development of low frequency pulse detonation engine with high-G mitigating system for aero-spacecraft propulsion

This research proposes a low-frequency pulse detonation engine (LPDE) with the corresponding method of anti-high-G effect. It tries to adopt the advantages of both the traditional pulse detonation engine (PDE) and the solid fuel rocket to form a new kind of engine that can use high-energy solid fuel with enclosed high-pressure explosion to generate efficient pulse propulsion. With the development, not only will the benefits of the PDE and the solid fuel rocket be greatly promoted, but the possible damage of high-G effect associated with large pulse thrust can also be prevented. As a result, it conducts the development of a cutting-edge propulsion technology that can be employed in both aeronautical and astronautical engineering. With comparison of existing propulsion technologies, the proposed LPDE technology is expected to have the characteristics of small volume, light weight, high fuel efficiency, large propulsion thrust, effective mitigation of high-G effect, and being suitable for a new generation of...
THREE-MANIFOLD TOPOLOGY AND THE DONALDSON-WITTEN PARTITION FUNCTION

Abstract We consider Donaldson-Witten theory on four-manifolds of the form X = Y × S 1 where Y is a compact three-manifold. We show that there are interesting relations between the four-dimensional Donaldson invariants of X and certain topological invariants of Y. In particular, we reinterpret a result of Meng-Taubes relating the Seiberg-Witten invariants to Reidemeister-Milnor torsion. If b1(Y) > 1 we show that the partition function reduces to the Casson-Walker-Lescop invariant of Y, as expected on formal grounds. In the case b1(Y) = 1 there is a correction. Consequently, in the case b1(Y) = 1, we observe an interesting subtlety in the standard expectations of Kaluza-Klein theory when applied to supersymmetric gauge theory compactified on a circle of small radius.
Effect of core energy on mobility in a continuum dislocation model

We present a first-principles-based, multiscale single-crystal plasticity model for fcc metals and apply it to nickel. The model consists of a phase field approach to dislocation dynamics (PFDD) with all its input parameters obtained from equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations. The atomistic information used to inform the phase field model includes elastic constants, dislocation core energy, crystal disregistry energy (gamma surface), and dislocation mobility. We show that the PFDD model can be simplified to the Frenkel-Kontorowa equations for straight dislocations, and under these conditions an analytical time-dependent solution enables a direct connection to nonequilibrium MD simulations. This time-dependent analytical solution provides a relationship between dislocation mobility (ratio between dislocation velocity and applied stress) and fundamental atomic-scale materials properties that arise from the atomistics: unstable stacking fault energy and dislocation core energy and width. We find that the dislocation mobility increases linearly with the ratio between the core energy and unstable stacking fault energy in the PFDD theory.
Effect of bipolar disorder on left frontal cortical responses to goals differing in valence and task difficulty.

Background The behavioral activation system (BAS) dysregulation theory of bipolar disorder predicts that bipolar individuals will show an excessive increase in approach motivation during reward striving. Building on past research showing that the left frontal cortical region is involved in approach motivation, we predicted that individuals with bipolar disorder would evidence increased relative left frontal cortical activity in response to goal striving, particularly in response to positive challenges. Methods Right-handed individuals (age 18–24) with a bipolar spectrum diagnosis ( n = 41) and individuals with no major affective psychopathology ( n = 53) were presented with cues indicating that, on a given trial, an easy, medium, or hard anagram (scrambled word) would be presented in 7 seconds and that they would receive money or avoid losing money for the correct solution (10 anagrams of each of the 6 types). During this preparation period, electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha power was measured and hemispheric asymmetry indexes were computed. Results Compared with the nonbipolar individuals, individuals with bipolar disorder showed greater relative left frontal cortical activation in preparation for the hard/win trials. Whereas nonbipolar individuals showed a decrease in left frontal cortical activation from medium to hard win trials, bipolar individuals did not. In addition, among bipolar individuals, current self-reported activation related to greater left frontal activation to the hard/win trials. Conclusions These results provide support for an integrative biopsychosocial model of bipolar disorder, BAS dysregulation theory, and suggest that relative left frontal activity, which may be involved in mania, is triggered by challenging and potentially rewarding events.
Optical energy transfer and trapping in 9-aminoacridine doped sol-gel glasses

Time-resolved fluorescence lifetime and depolarization results are presented for 9-aminoacridine (9AA) doped silicate (SX) and aluminosilicate xerogel (ASX) glasses. At low concentrations the dynamics are dominated by donor-donor energy transfer processes, however, energy trapping by aggregate species is observed at higher concentrations. In addition, a comparison of the anisotropy decay rates and the critical radius obtained from the spectral overlap indicates a significant excluded volume within the xerogel matrix. An unresolved fast anisotropy decay component for 9AA doped ASX may suggest a non-random spatial distribution of chromophores within the occupied restricted volume of the ASX matrix.
Material Properties of Caenorhabditis elegans Swimming at Low Reynolds Number

Undulatory locomotion, as seen in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, is a common swimming gait of organisms in the low Reynolds number regime, where viscous forces are dominant. Although the nematode's motility is expected to be a strong function of its material properties, measurements remain scarce. Here, the swimming behavior of C. elegans is investigated in experiments and in a simple model. Experiments reveal that nematodes swim in a periodic fashion and generate traveling waves that decay from head to tail. The model is able to capture the experiments' main features and is used to estimate the nematode's Young's modulus E and tissue viscosity eta. For wild-type C. elegans, we find E approximately 3.77 kPa and eta approximately -860 Pa.s; values of eta for live C. elegans are negative because the tissue is generating rather than dissipating energy. Results show that material properties are sensitive to changes in muscle functional properties, and are useful quantitative tools with which to more accurately describe new and existing muscle mutants.
Enhanced soluble protein expression using two new fusion tags

Production of soluble recombinant proteins is vital for structure-function analysis and therapeutic applications. Unfortunately, when expressed in a heterologous host, such as Escherichia coli, most proteins are expressed as insoluble aggregates. Two new fusion partners have been identified to address these solubility problems. One of the tags was derived from a bacteriophage T7 protein kinase and the other one from a small E. coli chaperone, Skp. We have expressed a panel of insoluble human proteins including Hif1alpha, IL13, and folliculin as fusion proteins using these tags. Most of these fusion proteins were able to be expressed in a soluble form and could be purified by virtue of a Strep-tag II installed at the amino-terminal end of the fusion partners. In addition, we show that some of these proteins remained soluble after removal of the fusion tags by a site-specific protease. The results with these tags compare favorably to results with the most commonly used solubility tags described in the literature. Therefore, these two new fusion tags have the potential to express soluble proteins when fused with many recalcitrant proteins.
African American Dance - Philosophy, Aesthetics, and ‘Beauty’

This essay considers the recuperation of “beauty” as a productive critical strategy in discussions of African American dance. I argue that black performance in general, and African American concert dance in particular, seeks to create aesthetic sites that allow black Americans to participate in discourses of recognition and appreciation to include concepts of “beauty.” In this, I suggest that “beauty” may indeed produce social change for its attendant audiences. I also propose that interrogating the notion of “beauty” may allow for social change among audiences that include dance theorists and philosophers. Through a case-study consideration of work by three African American choreographers, Donald Byrd (b. 1949), Ulysses Dove (1947 – 1996), and Abdel Salaam (b. 1949), I ultimately hope to suggest critical possibilities aligning dance performance with particular aesthetic theory relevant to its documentation and interpretation.
Symptoms of depression and PTSD are associated with elevated alcohol demand.

Abstract Background Behavioral economic demand curves measure individual differences in motivation for alcohol and have been associated with problematic patterns of alcohol use, but little is known about the variables that may contribute to elevated demand. Negative visceral states have been theorized to increase demand for alcohol and to contribute to excessive drinking patterns, but little empirical research has evaluated this possibility. The present study tested the hypothesis that symptoms of depression and PTSD would be uniquely associated with elevated alcohol demand even after taking into account differences in typical drinking levels. Method An Alcohol Purchase Task (APT) was used to generate a demand curve measure of alcohol reinforcement in a sample of 133 college students (50.4% male, 64.4% Caucasian, 29.5% African-American) who reported at least one heavy drinking episode (5/4 or more drinks in one occasion for a man/woman) in the past month. Participants also completed standard measures of alcohol consumption and symptoms of depression and PTSD. Results Regression analyses indicated that symptoms of depression were associated with higher demand intensity (alcohol consumption when price = 0; Δ R 2 = .05, p = .002) and lower elasticity (Δ R 2 = .04, p = .03), and that PTSD symptoms were associated with all five demand curve metrics (Δ R 2 = .04–.07, p s Conclusions These findings provide support for behavioral economic models of addiction that highlight the role of aversive visceral states in increasing the reward value of alcohol and provide an additional theoretical model to explain the association between negative affect and problematic drinking patterns.
Pattern stability optimization for wideband microstrip antennas for phased arrays and power combiners

In this paper, a modified microstrip-fed dipole antenna is presented to improve the stability of the radiation patterns and increase the usable bandwidth. The proposed antenna consists of two parallel dipoles of different lengths to obtain two main resonances. The antenna produces almost similar radiation patterns around the two resonances, and as a result, high pattern stability is realized. The presented antenna provides a wide impedance bandwidth of 90%. In addition, it provides endfire radiation patterns with high gain, low cross-polarization level, and wide beamwidth, which make this antenna a very good candidate for phased arrays and spatial power combiners. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1492–1494, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21740
Potassium supplementation in ritodrine-induced hypokalemia

Abstract Acute hypokalemia occurs during infusion of β 2 agonists for tocolysis. This study examines the efficacy of supplemental potassium in treating this hypokalemia. Four groups of dogs were anesthetized and given lactated Ringer's solution (group I), potassium chloride (group II), ritodrine hydrochloride (group III), and ritodrine plus potassium (group IV). Arterial blood gases, pH, and serum and urinary electrolytes were measured. Results were analyzed by an analysis of variance. Serum potassium fell in groups I and III, rose in group II, and remained stable in group IV. Urinary potassium levels in groups that received ritodrine (III and IV) were not different from control levels. Potassium given with ritodrine will prevent hypokalemia. However, the risks of hyperkalemia exist if vigorous replacement is undertaken. There were no dysrhythmias and no adverse effects in any of the hypokalemic animals. Therefore, the routine administration of potassium is not advocated even in obstetric patients who undergo general anesthesia.
The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change: Reactions to Rogers' 1957 article

Carl Rogers' article (see record 2007-14639-002) on the necessary and sufficient conditions for personality change has had a significant impact on the field of psychotherapy and psychotherapy research. He emphasized the client as arbiter of his or her own subjective experience and tested his hypothesized therapist-offered conditions of change using recorded sessions. This aided in demystifying the therapeutic process and led to a radical shift in the listening stance of the therapist. I briefly outline my views regarding the influence of the ideas presented in this work, describe the intellectual and cultural context of the times, and discuss a number of ways in which the therapist-offered conditions for psychological transformation are neither necessary nor sufficient. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).
Solving the single-machine sequencing problem using integer programming

Various integer programming models have been proposed for sequencing problems. However, little is known about the practical value of these models. This paper reports a comparison of six different integer programming formulations of the single-machine total tardiness problem. We created a set of especially difficult test problems and attempted to solve them with each of the formulations, using CPLEX software. We found that one formulation performs much more effectively than the others. A generic integer programming approach is still not capable of solving problems with hundreds of jobs, so in that respect, it does not compete with state-of-the-art tardiness algorithms. However, the integer programming approach remains viable for problems containing as many as 40 or 50 jobs and may be the better algorithmic choice when convenience in implementation is considered.