cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of intercessory prayer on wound healing in nonhuman primates.

Objectives This study was performed to examine the effects of intercessory prayer (IP) on wound healing and related physiological and behavioral factors in nonhuman primates. Design Twenty-two bush babies (Otolemur garnettii) with chronic self-injurious behavior (SIB) were stratified by wound severity and matched by total wound area. The animals were then randomized to IP and L-tryptophan or L-tryptophan only for treatment of SIB and related wounds. The IP intervention was conducted in a double-blind, randomized manner. Prayer was conducted daily for 4 weeks. Initiation of prayer was coincident with the first day of L-tryptophan administration. Physiological and behavioral variables were assessed at baseline and end of study. Results Following IP/L-tryptophan treatment, prayer-group animals had a reduction in wound size compared to non-prayer animals (P=.028). Prayer-group animals had a greater increase in red blood cells (P=.006), hemoglobin (P=.01), and hematocrit (P=.018); a greater reduction in both mean corpuscular hemoglobin (P=.023) and corpuscular volume (P=.008); and a reduction in wound grooming (P=.01) and total grooming behaviors (P=.04) than non-prayer-group animals. Conclusions The results of this study are consistent with prior human trials of IP effectiveness, but suggest IP-induced health improvements may be independent of confounds associated with human participants. Findings may provide direction for study of the mechanisms of IP-induced health improvements in both human and animal models.
Quo Vadis, Technical Communication?.

L'auteur brosse un tableau rapide du futur de la communication technique, en tant que discipline dans divers environnements d'enseignment superieur
Hydrogels derived from lignocellulosic compounds: Evaluation of the compositional, structural, mechanical and antimicrobial properties

Abstract Hydrogels derived from lignocellulosic biomass and its constituent components have attracted growing interests due to the applications in agriculture, material, environment and biomedical fields. Some ionic liquids (i.e. 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4C1im][Cl] and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2C1im][OAc]) can solubilize all factions of lignocellulosic biomass, while generating hydrogel materials without additional chemical crosslinkers such as epichlorohydrin. The present study explored the use of ionic liquids as solvents for creating physically crosslinked hydrogels from mixtures of cellulose, xylan and lignin to examine how each component affects hydrogel formation. The chemical, physical and mechanical properties of generated hydrogels were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, XRD, compositional analysis, swelling kinetics, and stress-strain analysis then compared against a chemically crosslinked cellulose hydrogel. We further tested hydrogels formed directly from poplar wood and biomass sorghum and examined the antimicrobial resistance of the lignin containing hydrogels. The hydrogels with xylan had significantly higher elastic moduli at 0.1 MPa compared to other hydrogels, while poplar-based hydrogel had the highest strain of 65.3% and a stress of 0.12 MPa prior to rupture. The biomass-based hydrogels exhibited swelling ratio comparable to the chemically crosslinked cellulose hydrogel. All lignin containing hydrogels, besides the sorghum hydrogel, resulted in an 80% reduction in E. coli colony growth, indicating retained antimicrobial activities. This study provides insights into using lignocellulosic biomass for hydrogel production and how these novel hydrogels have tunable mechanical and antimicrobial properties as compared to chemically crosslinked cellulose hydrogels.
Extrudable salicylic acid-based poly(anhydride-esters) for injectable drug releasing applications:

Injectable biomaterials have attracted more and more interest owing to their advantages over traditional open surgeries: minimal invasive procedure and ease of handling. Commonly used synthetic inj...
TKR and Total Hip Replacement Associated with Malalignment

Lower limb deformities are often present in patients who require joint replacement surgery of the knee or hip. Most of these can be managed by modification of the standard bone cuts and soft tissue releases that are normally required for implantation of the prosthesis. Some deformities require additional osteotomies and soft tissue procedures. This chapter focuses on the preoperative and intraoperative planning and strategies required to accomplish this realignment together with total joint replacement. An understanding of the normal alignment parameters for TKR and total hip replacement is the basis of all further considerations. Many of these principles have been developed by Hungerford (1995) and Krackow (1990) and described in several publications.
Voltage Sensorless Control of a Three-phase Grid Connected Inverter with LCL filter based on Passivity under Non-ideal Grid Voltage Conditions

Voltage sensing in a three phase grid connected inverter is expensive and introduces vulnerability in the presence of faulty components. To cater and mitigate for this problem, here, a sensorless current control strategy is implemented that consists of two basic elements. First, a passivity-based current controller is derived using the assumption of known grid voltage. Next, a dual second-order generalized integrator (DSOGI) structure is utilized to extract the positive sequence grid voltage from the passivity-based current controller outputs using simple algebraic manipulations based on the basic circuit equations. These positive sequence estimated grid voltages are utilized in the passivity based current controller to achieve the necessary required control action. The proposed methodology has been verified on a reduced scale laboratory prototype was built and experimental validation of the proposed control come estimation technique was verified.
Focus: Popular Music in Contemporary India

Focus: Popular Music in Contemporary India examines India’s musical soundscape beyond the classical and folk traditions of old to consider the culturally, socially, and politically rich contemporary music that is defining and energizing an Indian youth culture on the precipice of a major identity shift. From Bollywood film songs and Indo-jazz to bhangra hip-hop and Indian death metal, the book situates Indian popular music within critical and historical frameworks, highlighting the unprecedented changes the region’s music has undergone in recent decades. This critical approach provides readers with a foundation for understanding an Indian musical culture that is as diverse and complex as the region itself. Included are case studies featuring song notations, first-person narratives, and interviews of well-known artists and emerging musicians alike. Illuminated are issues of great import in India today—as reflected through its music—addressing questions of a "national" aesthetic, the effects of Western music, and identity politics as they relate to class, caste, LGBTQ perspectives, and other marginalized voices. Presented through a global lens, Focus: Popular Music in Contemporary India contextualizes the dynamic popular music of India and its vast cultural impact.
Trajectory Planning for the Shapeshifting of Autonomous Surface Vessels

We present a trajectory planning algorithm for the shapeshifting of reconfigurable modular surface vessels. Each vessel is designed to latch with and unlatch from other vessels, which we aim to use to create dynamic infrastructure, such as on-demand bridges and temporary market squares, in canal environments. Our algorithm generates smooth and collision-free trajectories that the vessels can track to reconfigure their connections. We formulate the trajectory planning problem as Mixed Integer Quadratic Programming (MIQP) with a B-spline representation. We conceive a physical platform of the reconfigurable modular vessels and, through swimming pool experiments, show the efficacy of our trajectory planning algorithm for the shapeshifting of the vessels.
Response of Wild Spotted Wing Drosophila ( Drosophila suzukii ) to Microbial Volatiles

The olfactory cues used by various animals to detect and identify food items often include volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by food-associated microorganisms. Microbial VOCs have potential as lures to trap animal pests, including insect crop pests. This study investigated microorganisms whose VOCs are attractive to natural populations of the spotted wing drosophila (SWD), an invasive insect pest of ripening fruits. The microorganisms readily cultured from wild SWD and SWD-infested fruits included yeasts, especially Hanseniaspora species, and various bacteria, including Proteobacteria (especially Acetobacteraceae and Enterobacteriaceae) and Actinobacteria. Traps in a raspberry planting that were baited with cultures of Hanseniaspora uvarum, H. opuntiae and the commercial lure Scentry trapped relatively high numbers of both SWD and non-target drosophilids. The VOCs associated with these baits were dominated by ethyl acetate and, for yeasts, other esters. By contrast, Gluconobacter species (Acetobacteraceae), whose VOCs were dominated by acetic acid and acetoin and lacked detectable ethyl acetate, trapped 60-75% fewer SWD but with very high selectivity for SWD. VOCs of two other taxa tested, the yeast Pichia sp. and Curtobacterium sp. (Actinobacteria), trapped very few SWD or other insects. Our demonstration of among-microbial variation in VOCs and their attractiveness to SWD and non-pest insects under field conditions provides the basis for improved design of lures for SWD management. Further research is required to establish how different microbial VOC profiles may function as reliable cues of habitat suitability for fly feeding and oviposition, and how this variation maps onto among-insect species differences in habitat preference.
Association of Thyroid Function with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis describing the association of thyroid function with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults. Methods: The authors conducted a comprehensive search from databases’ inception to July 20, 2018. The meta-analysis included studies that reported mean values and standard deviation (SD) of thyroid hormone levels (thyroid-stimulating hormone lTSH], free thyroxine lFT4], free triiodothyronine lFT3], total T4 lTT4], and total T3 lTT3]) in patients with PTSD compared with controls. Five reviewers worked independently, in duplicate, to determine study inclusion, extract data, and assess risk of bias. The mean value and SD of the thyroid function tests were used to calculate the mean difference for each variable. Random-effects models for meta-analyses were applied. Results: The meta-analysis included 10 observational studies at low-to-moderate risk of bias. Studies included 674 adults (373 PTSD, 301 controls). The meta-analytic estimates showed higher levels of FT3 (+0.28 pg/mL; P = .001) and TT3 (+18.90 ng/dL; P = .005) in patients with PTSD compared to controls. There were no differences in TSH, FT4, or TT4 levels between groups. In the subgroup analysis, patients with combat-related PTSD still had higher FT3 (+0.36 pg/mL; P = .0004) and higher TT3 (+31.62 ng/dL; P Conclusion: There is scarce evidence regarding the association of thyroid disorders with PTSD. These findings add to the growing literature suggesting that thyroid function changes may be associated with PTSD.
Right Heart Strain on Presenting 12-Lead Electrocardiogram Predicts Critical Illness in COVID-19

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to assess the association of new right heart strain patterns on presenting 12-lead electrocardiogram (RHS-ECG) with outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Background Cardiovascular comorbidities and complications, including right ventricular dysfunction, are common and are associated with worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19. The data on the clinical usefulness of the 12-lead ECG to aid with prognosis are limited. Methods This study retrospectively evaluated records from 480 patients who were consecutively admitted with COVID-19. ECGs obtained at presentation in the emergency department (ED) were considered index ECGs. RHS-ECG was defined by any new right-axis deviation, S1Q3T3 pattern, or ST depressions with T-wave inversions in leads V1 to V3 or leads II, III, and aVF. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess whether RHS-ECGs were independently associated with primary outcomes. Results ECGs from the ED were available for 314 patients who were included in the analysis. Most patients were in sinus rhythm, with sinus tachycardia being the most frequent dysrhythmia. RHS-ECG findings were present in 40 (11%) patients. RHS-ECGs were significantly associated with the incidence of adverse outcomes and an independent predictor of mortality (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR]: 15.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.1 to 45.2; p Conclusions RHS-ECG was associated with mechanical ventilation and mortality in patients admitted with COVID-19. Special attention should be taken in patients admitted with new signs of RHS on presenting ECG.
The effects of recent opacity corrections on a main-sequence stellar model of 2.25 solar masses.

Comparison of models calculated with the opacities of Carson et al. (1968) and the electron-scattering corrections of Watson with models based on the opacities of Cox et al. (1965). The models have a mass of 2.25 solar masses and a chemical composition with X = 0.596 and Z = 0.02. With the adopted formulas representing the new opacities, it is found that the percentage changes with respect to the model based on the opacities of Cox et al. can be as large as +11 for the stellar radius, -42 for the luminosity, -15 for the effective temperature, -30 for the mass of the convective core, -8 for the central pressure, and -4 for both the central density and the central temperature.
The effect of laser entrance hole foil thickness on MagLIF-relevant laser preheat

The magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) scheme relies on coupling laser energy into an underdense fuel raising the fuel adiabat at the start of the implosion. To deposit energy into the fuel, the laser must first penetrate a laser entrance hole (LEH) foil which can be a significant energy sink and introduce mix. In this paper, we report on experiments investigating laser energy coupling into MagLIF-relevant gas cell targets with LEH foil thicknesses varying from 0.5 μm to 3 μm. Two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric simulations match the experimental results well for 0.5 μm and 1 μm thick LEH foils but exhibit whole-beam self-focusing and excessive penetration of the laser into the gas for 2 μm and 3 μm thick LEH foils. Better agreement for the 2 μm-thick foil is found when using a different thermal conductivity model in 2D simulations, while only 3D Cartesian simulations come close to matching the 3 μm-thick foil experiments. The study suggests that simulations may over-predict the tendency for the laser to self-focus during MagLIF preheat when thicker LEH foils are used. This effect is pronounced with 2D simulations where the azimuthally symmetric density channel effectively self-focuses the rays that are forced to traverse the center of the plasma. The extra degree of freedom in 3D simulations significantly reduces this effect. The experiments and simulations also suggest that, in this study, the amount of energy coupled into the gas is highly correlated with the laser propagation length regardless of the LEH foil thickness.
Detection of Airborne Sporangia of Pseudoperonospora cubensis and P. humuli in Michigan Using Burkard Spore Traps Coupled to Quantitative PCR.

Cucurbit downy mildew (CDM), caused by the oomycete pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is a devastating foliar disease on cucumber resulting in reduced yields. In 2004, the pathogen re-emerged in...
Welfare analysis of introducing private label packaged salads into the US market

In this study, we use the Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes (BLP) method to study consumer demand and firm supply to the 2005 US market for packaged salads. Our results show that, although consumers in general are price sensitive, their sensitivity decreases as income increases. Moreover, consumers exhibit strong brand loyalty if they prefer specific features, such as the organic claim of a brand. Using our estimation results, we conduct a welfare analysis of introducing private label (store brands) packaged salads. Our results show that the hypothetical elimination of private label brands would result in the packaged salad market becoming less competitive, implying total welfare increased and consumers fared much better after the introduction of private label packaged salads. [EconLit citations: D12, Q13, Q18].
Telemedicine for Routine Follow-up of Post-operative Pediatric Patients

INTRODUCTION: Delivery of healthcare via video-chat (i.e. telemedicine) is growing in interest and applicability and has been shown to increase patient satisfaction. It minimizes travel costs and time expenditure for patients and families and more recently has been widely implemented to prevent the spread of communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to determine if pediatric surgeons could routinely offer telemedicine technologies to patients’ families for post-operative follow-up care. METHODS: We prospectively identified patients aged 5-18 years old who were scheduled to undergo one of …
No Evidence of Resistance to Trifloxystrobin, Triflumizole, and Boscalid in Podosphaera leucotricha Isolates From U.S. Commercial Apple Orchards.

Apple powdery mildew, caused by Podosphaera leucotricha, continues to be a challenge in commercial apple orchards in the U.S. Pacific Northwest and worldwide. In this study, P. leucotricha isolates...
Effects of Fluidic Oscillator Nozzle Angle on the Flowfield and Impingement Heat Transfer

Experimental and numerical investigations were performed to evaluate the effects of the exit nozzle configuration of a fluidic oscillator on the flowfield and impingement heat transfer performance ...
Rates of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thinning in Distinct Glaucomatous Optic Disc Phenotypes in Early Glaucoma.

Purpose To compare spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) measured circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) among 4 glaucomatous optic disc phenotypes in early glaucoma. Design Clinical cohort study Methods In this study, 218 early glaucoma eyes that had at least 3 years of follow-up and a minimum of 4 SDOCT scans were recruited. The optic discs were classified into 4 types based on appearance: 76 generalized cup enlargement (GE), 53 focal ischemic (FI), 22 myopic glaucomatous (MY), and 67 senile sclerotic (SS). A linear mixed effects model was used to compare the rates of global and regional cpRNFL thinning among optic disc phenotypes. Results After adjusting for confounders, the SS group (mean [95% CI]: –1.01 [–1.30, –0.73] µm/y) had the fastest mean rate of global cpRNFL thinning followed by FI (–0.77 [–0.97, –0.57] µm/y), MY (0.59 [–0.81, –0.36] µm/y), and GE (–0.58 [–0.75, –0.40] µm/y) at P Conclusions Rates of cpRNFL thinning were different among the 4 glaucomatous optic disc phenotypes. Those patients with early glaucoma with SS phenotype have the fastest cpRNFL thinning. These patients may benefit from more frequent monitoring and the need to advance therapy if cpRNFL thinning is detected.
Use of a Therapeutic Trial of Graduated Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer in a Patient With Fanconi Anemia.

Abstract Background Patients with Fanconi anemia (FA) have a 50-fold higher likelihood of developing malignancies, specifically of the head and neck region and digestive tract. The standard of care for these cancers, specifically of the aero-digestive tract, typically include chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy which interfere with DNA crosslinking. These agents are usually avoided in FA due to mutations in the Fanconi anemia pathway leading to DNA repair instability. Methods/Results This is a case report of a young male with FA treated with bone marrow transplant, who developed a moderately-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the mid-esophagus. We treated him using a graduated therapeutic trial of neoadjuvant radiation, delivered with concomitant chemotherapy, followed by esophagectomy. This technique directs a low radiation pilot dose to a small volume and introduces dose and volume escalation as tolerated. The patient successfully tolerated the full planned dose of 40.2 Gy in 29 fractions with no treatment interruptions or delays. Conclusions FA patients present with unique challenges for management of malignancies; however, due to the heterogeneity of FA, some patients may be able to tolerate standard radiation doses without severe toxicity. A graduated approach involving the monitoring of response to a test dose before escalation allows for early termination of radiotherapy in radiosensitive patients before severe toxicities develop.
Impacts of Combining Hydrogen ICE with Fuel Cell System Using PSAT

Because of their high efficiency and low emission potential, fuel cell vehicles are undergoing extensive research and development. However, several major barriers have to be overcome to enable a hydrogen economy. Because fuel cell vehicles remain expensive, very few fueling stations are being built. To try to accelerate the development of a hydrogen economy, the automotive manufacturers developed a hydrogen-fueled Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) as an intermediate step. Despite being cheaper, the hydrogen-fueled ICE offers a lower driving range because of its lower efficiency. The current study evaluates the impact of combining a hydrogen-fueled ICE with a fuel cell to maximize fuel economy while minimizing the cost and amount of onboard fuel needed to maintain an acceptable driving range.
GENETIC TRANSFER OF STREPTOMYCIN AND AMINOPROPANOLSTREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE

von Graevenitz, Alexander (Yale University, New Haven, Conn.). Genetic transfer of streptomycin and aminopropanolstreptomycin resistance. J. Bacteriol. 88:960-964. 1964.-Transduction and conjugation experiments with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli suggest that resistance to streptomycin (S) and aminopropanolstreptomycin (A) is due to the same mutation arising in a single step at the locus str. The high occurrence of S(r)A(s) cells (1 to 3%) in an S(r)A(r) population was noted. From genetic crosses of S(r)A(s) with S(s)A(s) cells, it can be concluded that there is a suppressor locus su-A adjacent to, but separable by recombination from, the str locus. It modifies the genotype S(r)A(r) to the phenotype S(r)A(s).
A review of synaptic mechanisms of vestibular efferent signaling in turtles: Extrapolation to efferent actions in mammals

The vestibular labyrinth of nearly every vertebrate class receives a prominent efferent innervation that originates in the brainstem and ends as bouton terminals on vestibular hair cells and afferents in each end organ. Although the functional significance of this centrifugal pathway is not well understood, it is clear that efferent neurons, when electrically stimulated under experimental conditions, profoundly impact vestibular afferent discharge. Effects range from chiefly excitation in fish and mammalian vestibular afferents to a more heterogeneous mixture of inhibition and/or excitation in amphibians, reptiles, and birds. What accounts for these diverse response properties? Recent cellular and pharmacological characterization of efferent synaptic mechanisms in turtle offers some insight. In the turtle posterior crista, vestibular efferent neurons are predominantly cholinergic and the effects of efferent stimulation on vestibular afferent discharge can be ascribed to three distinct signaling pathways: (1) Hyperpolarization of type II hair cells mediated by α9/α10-nAChRs and SK-potassium channels; (2) Depolarization of bouton and calyx afferents via α4β2*-containing nAChRs; and (3) A slow excitation of calyx afferents attributed to muscarinic AChRs. In this review, we discuss the evidence for these pathways in turtle and speculate on their role in mammalian vestibular efferent actions where synaptic mechanisms are largely unknown.
Preparation and separation of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of thyroxine and triiodothyronine

An enzymatic method for synthesis of labelled thyroxine glucuronide (T4G) and triiodothyronine glucuronide (T3G) from labelled thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) is presented. The synthetic glucuronides are completely digested by B-glucuronidase, with recovery of the parent T4 or T3. They have distinctive elution patterns on HPLC and on Sephadex G25 chromatography, and can be clearly separated from T4 and T3 as well as from synthetic T4 sulfate (T4S) and T3 sulfate (T3S). On LH 20 chromatography, elution of T4G and T3G is intermediate between that of T4 and T3 and that of T4S and T3S. T3G can be well separated from other thyronines by HPLC alone, but T4G coelutes with rT3 on HPLC; these are then separated by adding a Sephadex G25 chromatography step.Biosynthetic 131I-T3G and 125I-T4G from the bile of a cat given 131I-T3 and 125I-T4 had similar HPLC chromatographic patterns to those of synthetic T3G and T4G. That the identified peaks from analysis of the bile were indeed T3G and T4G was confirmed by ...
Incorporation of mannose into mouse brain lipid.

Microsomal fractions from mouse brain incorporate mannose-C14 from GDP-mannose-C14 into lipid material. The extent of incorporation is limited primarily by the endogenous acceptor. The incubation mixture includes phosphoenol pyruvate and Mn++. Protease has no effect on the product. The mannolipid is extremely sensitive to acid but is resistant to base.
A Summary of Research and Enforcement Release Evidence on Confirmation Use and Effectiveness

SUMMARY: Confirmations are extensively used and are often perceived by practitioners to be one of the most persuasive forms of audit evidence. Yet academic research has found limitations that restrict confirmation effectiveness for many management assertions. In addition, a number of problems with false and forged confirmations are identified in Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases (AAERs). The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) have put confirmation evidence on their respective agendas. Academic research indicates that receivable confirmations can be effective evidence for the existence assertion. Low response rates, as well as respondent errors and directional bias in detecting errors, are key barriers to confirmation effectiveness. Our review of AAERs identified failure to authenticate responses, collusion between auditee management and customers, and concealed side agreements and special terms as specific probl...
Yellow Dirt: An American Story of a Poisoned Land and a People Betrayed

WINNER OF THE J. ANTHONY LUKAS WORK-IN-PROGRESS AWARD Atop a craggy mesa in the northern reaches of the Navajo reservation lies what was once a world-class uranium mine called Monument No. 2. Discovered in the 1940s--during the government's desperate press to build nuclear weapons--the mesa's tremendous lode would forever change the lives of the hundreds of Native Americans who labored there and of their families, including many who dwelled in the valley below for generations afterward. "Yellow Dirt "offers readers a window into a dark chapter of modern history that still reverberates today. From the 1940s into the early twenty-first century, the United States knowingly used and discarded an entire tribe for the sake of atomic bombs. Secretly, during the days of the Manhattan Project and then in a frenzy during the Cold War, the government bought up all the uranium that could be mined from the hundreds of rich deposits entombed under the sagebrush plains and sandstone cliffs. Despite warnings from physicians and scientists that long-term exposure could be harmful, even fatal, thousands of miners would work there unprotected. A second set of warnings emerged about the environmental impact. Yet even now, long after the uranium boom ended, and long after national security could be cited as a consideration, many residents are still surrounded by contaminated air, water, and soil. The radioactive "yellow dirt" has ended up in their drinking supplies, in their walls and floors, in their playgrounds, in their bread ovens, in their churches, and even in their garbage dumps. And they are still dying. Transporting readers into a little-known country-within-a-country, award-winning journalist Judy Pasternak gives rare voice to Navajo perceptions of the world, their own complicated involvement with uranium mining, and their political coming-of-age. Along the way, their fates intertwine with decisions made in Washington, D.C., in the Navajo capital of Window Rock, and in the Western border towns where swashbuckling mining men trained their sights on the fortunes they could wrest from tribal land, successfully pressuring the government into letting them do it their way. "Yellow Dirt "powerfully chronicles both a scandal of neglect and the Navajos' long fight for justice. Few had heard of this shameful legacy until Pasternak revealed it in a prize-winning "Los Angeles Times "series that galvanized a powerful congressman and a famous prosecutor to press for redress and repair of the grievous damage. In this expanded account, she provides gripping new details, weaving the personal and the political into a tale of betrayal, of willful negligence, and, ultimately, of reckoning.
Nash meets Van Valkenburg: A game-theoretic approach to effective learning and teaching in engineering

This work uses game-theoretic approaches to understand the strategic behaviors of students and to achieve an effective teaching and evaluation tool for instructors to adapt their instructions to students' behaviors. We propose game-theoretic models to quantitatively investigate two specific education scenarios. One is on the curriculum design and the other is on the inventory-based test design for first-year undergraduate level courses. The game-theoretic approach allows us to consider multiple factors into one model and provides solution concepts from a holistic viewpoint combining sociology, psychology and engineering education. In addition, this work provides a theoretic and quantitative basis for future studies on effective learning and teaching in engineering community.
Fragile X Syndrome: An Update and Review for the Primary Pediatrician

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited cause of mental retardation. Since the initial identification of the responsible gene more than a decade ago, substantial progress has been made in both the clinical aspects of the disorder and its mechanistic basis; hence, it is important for primary care physicians to be familiar with these advances when providing anticipatory guidance. Timely diagnosis allows children to receive early intervention services and families to receive genetic counseling. Here the current state of knowledge is reviewed and a framework is provided for early recognition and diagnosis, along with counseling and treatment implications for the children and family members.
Charitable contributions and tax price elasticities for nonitemizing taxpayers

This paper uses a balanced panel of taxpayers to examine the price and income elasticities for charitable contributions for nonitemizing taxpayers. One-way and two-way static fixed effects models are used to estimate these elasticities. Additionally, this paper incorporates dynamic panel analysis within the constraints of the data. The data are from the Individual Tax Model File panel of taxpayers, maintained by the University of Michigan. This paper finds no significant price elasticities for nonitemizers. The results of this paper would argue that there is no compelling economic reason to extend charitable contribution deductions to nonitemizers.
Toledo hesitates in voting bonding program

Toledo's ten-year improvement program, involving the issuance of $32,500,000 in bonds was defeated at the recent election.
Building on Practice-Based Evidence: Using Expert Perspectives to Define the Wraparound Process

Objective: In order to expand the research base on effective community-based mental health treatments, methods are needed to define and evaluate promising interventions that have not been systematically developed and tested. In this report, the authors describe the results of an effort to better define the wraparound process for children and adolescents with serious emotional and behavioral problems. Methods: A broad review of wraparound treatment manuals and model descriptions was conducted. With the help of a small group of experts, this review was synthesized into an initial description of the phases and activities of the wraparound process. This model was then presented to a multidisciplinary advisory panel of 31 experts on the wraparound process who provided structured and semistructured feedback. Results: Overall, respondents expressed a high level of agreement with the proposed set of activities. For 23 of the 31 activities presented, there was unanimous or near-unanimous agreement (that is, one dissenter) that the activity was an essential component of the wraparound process. For 20 of the 31 activities, there was unanimous agreement that the description was phrased acceptably. A final model was created on the basis of feedback from reviewers. Conclusions: Results indicate that using the experience of a wide base of stakeholders to operationalize a complex model such as wraparound is feasible and holds many potential benefits, including building consensus in the field, improving service quality, and accelerating the incorporation of evaluation results into real-world practice.
Mental health service use and cost of care for older adults in assisted living facilities: implications for public policy.

With changing demographics prompting greater demand for assisted living facility (ALF) care, indigent older adults with mental health needs face underfunded residential care options and mental health systems currently unprepared to meet their service requirements. In particular, overreliance on inpatient mental health services for older individuals with mental illness and inadequate reimbursement of ALF facilities potentially increase costs and threaten availability of ALF care. This article analyzes Florida's administrative data and presents findings on mental health service use and cost of care for poor older persons. Using Florida as an example, the authors recommend policy changes to ensure the quality and availability of residential care for low-income adults with mental health needs.
Micromechanics of uniaxial tensile deformation and failure in high impact polystyrene (HIPS)

While it is recognized that the heterogeneous particles in HIPS play the dual role of providing multiple sites for craze initiation in the polystyrene (PS) matrix and allow the stabilization of the crazing process through cavitation/fibrillation in the PB phase within the particle, the precise role of particle morphology is not well understood or quantified. This work probes the micromechanics of uniaxial tensile deformation and failure in rubber-toughened PS through axi-symmetric finite element representative volume element (RVE) models that can guide the development of blends of optimal toughness. The RVE models reveal the effect on craze morphology and toughness by various factors such as particle compliance, particle morphology, particle fibrillation and particle volume fraction. The principal result of our study is that fibrillation/cavitation of PB domains within the heterogeneous particle provides the basic key ingredient to account for the micro- and macro-mechanics of HIPS.
Role of the immune system in HIV-associated neuroinflammation and neurocognitive implications

Individuals living with HIV who are optimally treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can now lead an extended life. In spite of this remarkable survival benefit from viral suppression achieved by cART in peripheral blood, the rate of mild to moderate cognitive impairment remains high. A cognitive decline that includes impairments in attention, learning and executive function is accompanied by increased rates of mood disorders that together adversely impact the daily life of those with chronic HIV infection. The evidence is clear that cells in the brain are infected with HIV that has crossed the blood-brain barrier both as cell-free virus and within infected monocytes and T cells. Viral proteins that circulate in blood can induce brain endothelial cells to release cytokines, invoking another source of neuroinflammation. The difficulty of efficient delivery of cART to the central nervous system (CNS) contributes to elevated viral load in the CNS, resulting in a persistent HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). The pathogenesis of HAND is multifaceted, and mounting evidence indicates that immune cells play a major role. HIV-infected monocytes and T cells not only infect brain resident cells upon migration into the CNS but also produce proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL-1s, which in turn, further activate microglia and astrocytes. These activated brain resident cells, along with perivascular macrophages, are the main contributors to neuroinflammation in HIV infection and release neurotoxic factors such as excitatory amino acids and inflammatory mediators, resulting in neuronal dysfunction and death. Cytokines, which are elevated in the blood of patients with HIV infection, may also contribute to brain inflammation by entering the brain from the blood. Host factors such as aging and co-morbid conditions such as cytomegalovirus co-infection and vascular pathology are important factors that affect the HIV-host immune interactions in HAND pathogenesis. By these diverse mechanisms, HIV-1 induces a neuroinflammatory response that is likely to be a major contributor to the cognitive and behavior changes seen in HIV infection.
The differential binding of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes to ribonucleoprotein particles.

Abstract An attempt was made to explore the possibility that in higher organisms gene expression might be controlled at the cytoplasmic sites of protein synthesis by interfering with the release of certain proteins from their templates. The existence of such mechanisms would be indicated, for instance, by the presence of tissue-foreign proteins in the ribosome fraction, such as tissue-atypical LDH isozymes. Ribosomes and postmicrosomes were prepared from guinea pig liver and kidney in 0.88 M sucrose +10−4M MgCl2 solution and analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis for the isozyme patterns of particle-associated LDH. Ribosomes isolated from both organs were found to be associated with LDH. The enzyme could not be removed from the particles by repeated resuspension in sucrose medium, but treatment of the particles with agents, which cause a disintegration of their structure, as well as with salt solutions of high ionic strength released LDH in nonsedimentable form. The isozyme patterns of particle-associated LDH were different from those of the total homogenate. A correlation was found between the electrophoretic mobility of a given isozyme and the amounts of it which were recovered from the ribosome fraction. The results indicated that basic isozymes were preferentially bound to the ribonucleoprotein particles during fractionation in solutions of low ionic strength and did not represent genuine ribosomal enzyme proteins.
On the connection between phase shifts and scattering potential

Construction and discussion of phase equivalent potentials, i.e., of potentials which give equal phase shifts for $S$-waves. In particular, it is shown that the phase shifts do not determine the energy of bound states, and that there exist continuous families of phase equivalent potentials.
Technology Use by Older Adults and Barriers to Using Technology

ABSTRACTThis study investigated what types of technology older adults (OA) are using, what they are doing with these technologies, what they would like to be doing with technology and what barriers are preventing them from doing what they would like to do. A nonexperimental survey design was used for the research. Eighty-two OA recruited by a snowball convenience sample participated in the study. Results indicate more than 50% of respondents are using cell/smart phones and computers while much fewer are using tablets and e-readers. Socializing (calling and emailing) and surfing the net are important activities for elders. They would like to use alarms and calendar features. Barriers to use include lack of knowledge, negative attitudes, and age-related changes such as vision and hearing loss and fine motor difficulties. Conclusions present implications for further research as well as therapeutic use of technology with OA.
Asymmetric throughput problem due to Push-To-Talk (PTT) delays in CSMA/CA based heterogeneous Land Mobile Radio (LMR) networks

In this paper, we highlight the impact of variable Push-To-Talk (PTT) delays on performance of a heterogeneous Land Mobile Radio (LMR) network. We first present the PTT delay values and distributions observed for some commonly used LMR nodes. An analytical model is then developed to estimate the asymmetric throughput problem. The results obtained using this model and simulations show that a LMR node experiences a denial of service (DOS) due to collisions resulting from PTT delays. This leads to an asymmetry in throughput performance of individual nodes. The extent of the asymmetry is a function of total number of nodes in the system and the density of nodes with similar PTT delay profiles. These observations have implications in both, the performance and capacity planning of heterogeneous LMR network
Pituitary-Specific and Hormonally Regulated Gene Expression Directed by the Rat Proopiomelanocortin Promoter in Transgenic Mice

All aspects of POMC biosynthesis exhibit tissue-specific regulation. The single copy gene is highly expressed in anterior lobe (AL) corticotrophs and intermediate lobe (IL) melanotrophs of the pituitary gland and in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. POMC gene transcription in corticotrophs is induced by hypothalamic CRH and vasopressin and inhibited by adrenal glucocorticoids, while in melanotrophs it is predominantly regulated by beta-adrenergic neural input and dopamine. To identify the rat POMC (rPOMC) gene sequences necessary and sufficient to target expression and hormonal regulation in corticotrophs and melanotrophs, we generated 13 transgenic mice carrying rPOMC fusion genes. The genes consisted of 706 or 480 basepairs of rPOMC 5' flanking sequences ligated to either the E. coli LacZ gene encoding beta-galactosidase or the K1 mutant of the SV40 large T-antigen gene. Overall, half of the transgenic lines had reporter gene expression in their AL and IL in a pattern indistinguishable from ACTH immunohistochemistry. In three of these lines, beta-galactosidase or K1 T-antigen was localized by double immunofluorescence exclusively to ACTH-positive corticotrophs and melanotrophs. Transcriptional regulation of the rPOMC-LacZ fusion gene in response to hormonal manipulation was quantified by a fluorescence assay for beta-galactosidase enzyme activity in pituitary extracts. There was a 15-fold increase in AL enzyme activity after adrenalectomy and a 3-fold increase in IL activity after haloperidol treatment. X-gal histochemistry of pituitaries from hormonally treated mice confirmed the cellular specificity of these effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Solute Retention in Column Liquid Chromatography. IV. Extension of the Langmuir Sorption-Isotherm Function to Include Stepped Variation of Retentions with Composition of Multicomponent Mobile Phases

Abstract Retentions are reported for substituted phenol solutes with a reverse-phase silica sorbent and acidified aqueous mobile phases containing 0-100% v/v tetrahydrofuran over the temperature range 10[ddot]-35[ddot]C. Curvature in plots of 1/k'(M) against ⊘ is substantial, although monotone, while those of 1/V'R(M) against ⊘ exhibit points of inflexion. All are shown to be described to well within experimental error by expansion of the Langmuir monolayer sorption isotherm relation presented and discussed previously in Parts I-III of this Series. Account is thereby taken of multilayer formation of sorbed mobile-phase constituents; the relation is then shown to describe all six BET isotherm Types of isocratic retention data, as well as retentions under conditions of gradient elution. Fully parabolic curve shapes for retentions derived from the literature are identified in addition that are not forecast or described by any other model heretofore put forth in column liquid chromatography, yet which are sho...
Dynamic Response of a Rotor-Integral Squeeze Film Damper to Couple Imbalances

Squeeze film dampers (SFDs) are used in high speed rotating machinery to reduce rotor vibration amplitudes and to isolate transmitted loads through the bearing support structures. SFDs are also effective means to ameliorate destructive subsynchronous vibrations excited by hydrodynamic bearings, seals, impellers and other unknown sources. Modern jet engines demand lighter and flexible structures with compact components to obtain the largest power to weight ratios. This current trend makes evident rotordynamic phenomena that must be adequately addressed by dissipation elements such as SFDs.Integral squeeze film dampers (ISFDs) incorporating built in elastic supports are of reduced weight and length, offer accuracy of positioning, and a split segment construction allowing easier assembly, inspection and retrofit. Yet ISFDs require of extensive experimentation to verify their dynamic forced performance and to prove their reliability for applications on high performance turbomachinery. Measurements of the synchronous response of a test rotor supported on ISFDs and due to couple-imbalances are hereby presented. Masses inserted at two axial planes in the rotor and out of phase by 180° excite the second (conical) mode of vibration of the test rotor. Peak rotor responses at the second critical speeds, vertical and horizontal, allow the determination of amplification factors from which system damping coefficients for the rotor conical motions are extracted. The measurements verify the damping capacity of ISFDs to reduce (conical mode) rotor vibrations.Copyright © 2000 by ASME
Mechanisms of fatty degeneration in massive rotator cuff tears

Fatty degeneration of chronically injured muscle is a commonly recognized consequence of massive rotator cuff tears. Current surgical treatments are unable to alter or reverse the progression of fatty degeneration and are associated with poor functional outcomes in these patients. Therefore, a better understanding of the pathophysiology of fatty degeneration is required. As such, recent discoveries in stem cell biology and new animal models have significantly advanced our understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of fatty degeneration. Future studies will facilitate development of novel treatments to prevent the progression of fatty degeneration and improve muscle regeneration in patients with massive rotator cuff tears.