cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A clinical vignette: the clinical significance of systolic-diastolic bruits in the carotid arteries.

Most authorities agree that an arterial bruit that extends into diastole usually indicates severe stenosis in the underlying artery. Less well known is that a systolic-diastolic bruit at the carotid artery bifurcation indicates that, not only is the underlying artery severely narrowed, but the contralateral carotid artery is also frequently severely stenosed or occluded. In 1956, Myers described systolic-diastolic bruits in the aortic arch syndrome and suggested the hemodynamic etiology. The severity of the lesions in 40 patients with a systolic-diastolic bruit seen at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation over a one year period was checked by reviewing the corresponding arteriograms. Ipsilateral to the bruit, 88% of the carotid arteries were narrowed by greater than 70%. On the side contralateral to the bruit, 80% of the carotid arteries were narrowed by greater than 70%. These studies confirm that a systolicdiastolic bruit often indicates severe bilateral carotid artery disease.
Studies on the Sex Ratio of the Harlequin Bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

An experiment designed to determine the effect of starvation on the sex ratio among adult Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) was prompted by the preliminary observation that the sex ratio tended to increase with increasing survival during the pre-adult stages. In this experiment groups starved for 3, 4, and twice for 2 days during the third instar were compared with unstarved groups. This experiment produced no evidence that differential mortality during development altered the sex ratio. The sex ratio among all adults reared during this study was 0.83 ± 0.08. Adults were caged in various male-female ratios in order to assess the effect of density and a preponderance of females on reproduction. The male x female combinations studied were 1×1, 2×2, 3×3, 2×3, 1×2, and 1×3. Fecundity and net reproduction (the number of first-instar nymphs produced) were greater in the 1×1 combination than in either the 2×2 or 3×3 combinations, but the reverse was true in regard to percentage of eggs hatching. The results of this experiment and the results of an experiment in which females were allowed only one mating indicated that limiting mating affects egg production considerably but has little effect on egg hatching.
Abstract 5526: Mass-action law algorithm-based computer simulation for efficient and econo-green cancer drug discovery and development.

Physico-chemical principle of the mass-action law algorithm (MALA) is the basis for systematic pharmacodynamics (PD) that leads to general median-effect equation (MEE) for single entity effect and the combination index equation (CIE) for multiple entity interactions (Chou TC, Pharmacol. Rev. 58: 621-681, 2006; Free web access: http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/58/3/621). “Median” is the common-link and universal reference point for single and multiple entities and for 1st-order and higher-order dynamics. Median is also the harmonic mean of kinetic constants where the harmony is the state of pure non-competitiveness [Chou, Nature Precedings (npre.2008.2064-2). Available free at http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2064/version/2]. Based on MEE, all dose-effect curves whether hyperbolic or sigmoidal, weak or strong, 1st-order or higher-order, in vitro or in vivo, can be linearlized by the median-effect plot with small number of data points in small size experiments (Chou, J. Theor. Biol. 59: 253-276, 1976; Pharmacol. Rev. .ibid). Based on CIE, CI 1 quantitatively indicates synergism, additive effect, and antagonism, respectively (Chou & Talalay, Adv. Enz. Regul. 22: 27-55, 1984; Cancer Res. 70: 440-446, 2011). Thus. MEE is the common denominator for simple and complex bio-systems in vitro, in animal and in clinics. Computerized simulation of MEE or CIE can take Citation Format: Ting-Chao Chou. Mass-action law algorithm-based computer simulation for efficient and econo-green cancer drug discovery and development. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5526. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5526 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Application of the Fuzzy Model Based on the Combined Weight in the Evaluation of the Regional Underground Water Quality

To avoid the fuzziness and the subjective factors when evaluatingthe water quality and calculating weights,based on optimized fuzzy synthetic evaluation model,we use analytic hierarchy process(AHP)to calculate the subjective evaluation model and use RAGA Projection Pursuit Method to calculate objective weights.Then the ascertaining weight is calculated according to the subjective and objective weights.This model is applied to evaluate the underground water quality of 853Farm of land reclamation Hongxinglong administration,Heilongjiang Province.The result shows that the water quality of the first branch,third branch,sixth branch is up to drinking water standard,but the others aren,t up to the standard due to Fe and Mn.Compared with the traditional Nemerow Index Method and Fuzzy Evaluation model based on entropy weight,we can draw the conclusion that the evaluated results accord with the fact of the quality of local underground water well.In addition,the new model is reasonable and the evaluation results are feasible Moreover,the new model provides a new method of evaluating the quality of regional water.
Collateral Damage: A Public Housing Consequences of the 'War on Drugs'

Often automatic upon a conviction, collateral consequences work to relegate individuals to the status of second-class citizen by the systematic deprivation of opportunity in all aspects of life. Shockingly, these penalties are not aimed solely at ex-offenders. Individuals arrested frequently are denied access to opportunity by virtue of their interaction with the criminal justice system. In the context of public housing, even an arrest is not required for the imposition of collateral consequences. Instead, a public housing agency employee, without having to satisfy any statutorily mandated burden of proof, may make a determination that a household member or guest has engaged in “drug-related criminal activity,” terminate the household from public housing assistance, and subsequently evict the family.This Article hopes to add to the existing scholarship and advocacy regarding exclusionary federal housing policies. It is meant not only to supplement the collateral-consequences literature by identifying and examining additional issues in the administration of federal housing policy, but also to draw attention to the inequities inherent in the current system. More specifically, this Article explores federal termination policies and the way in which they are administered by local public housing authorities (PHAs). I argue that federal law grants an unwarranted amount of discretion to PHAs in assessing cause for exclusion from the program and also fails to provide sufficient statutory and regulatory guidance in the enforcement of PHA lease agreements. Reviewing alleged “drug-related criminal activity” lease violations through a criminal law lens may assist PHAs in making appropriate termination decisions. With this, I recommend that a framework be established requiring PHAs to meet a statutorily mandated burden of proof prior to a “drug-related criminal activity” termination. This standard ought to focus on such activity through a criminal law frame.
Angiotensin II and the locus coeruleus

The locus coeruleus (LC) is a putative site of action for angiotensin II in the brain. Immunocytochemical studies have identified angiotensin II-like immunoreactive material in nerve terminals innervating the LC, and the LC contains one of the highest densities of angiotensin II receptor binding sites in the rat brain. Recent studies using selective neurotoxins suggest that the binding sites for angiotensin II in the LC are present on noradrenergic perikarya. Angiotensin II receptors are now known to exist as two subtypes that are distinguishable both pharmacologically and biochemically. Radioligand binding studies using agonists and antagonists selective for these angiotensin II receptor subtypes indicate that the rat LC contains a mixture of the two known angiotensin II receptor subtypes, but that the PD123177-sensitive AII beta receptor subtype is predominant. Comparisons of spontaneously hypertensive rats with normotensive rats indicates that angiotensin II and its receptors in the LC are elevated in the hypertensive rat strain. Studies of the biochemical and physiological actions of angiotensin II in the LC have not yet established an agreed-upon function for angiotensin II in this nucleus.
Constructibility Engineering for Large Offshore Structures

The very large and complex structures now being considered for deployment in deep water and in adverse environments such as the Arctic are increasingly demanding fuller consideration of the entire construction process, in order to reduce the time and cost of construction, to ensure optimum quality and long term behavior, and to integrate more effectively with the other systems involved in the total field development.
Static contraction increases arachidonic acid levels in gastrocnemius muscles of cats.

Static contraction of hind-limb muscles is well known to increase reflexly cardiovascular function. Recently, blockade of cyclooxygenase activity has been reported to attenuate the reflex pressor r...
The Art of Game Design: A Book of Lenses, Second Edition

The Art of Game Design guides you through the design process step-by-step, helping you to develop new and innovative games that will be played again and again. It explains the fundamental principles of game design and demonstrates how tactics used in classic board, card and athletic games also work in top-quality video games. Good game design happens when you view your game from as many perspectives as possible, and award-winning author Jesse Schell presents over 100 sets of questions to ask yourself as you build, play and change your game until you finalise your design. This latest third edition includes examples from new VR and AR platforms as well as from modern games such as Uncharted 4 and The Last of Us, Free to Play games, hybrid games, transformational games, and more. Whatever your role in video game development an understanding of the principles of game design will make you better at what you do. For over 10 years this book has provided inspiration and guidance to budding and experienced game designers - helping to make better games faster.
Attraction of nontarget insects to a monofluoro analog of methyl eugenol in California

Abstract. This study evaluated the attraction of insects previously shown to be attracted to methyl eugenol to a monofluorinated analog of methyl eugenol. Orchesia Latreille, 1807 (Coleoptera: Melandryidae), an Empis Linneaus, 1758 (Diptera: Empididae) and six Syrphidae (Diptera) (Allograpta obliqua (Say,1823), Blera scitula Williston, 1881, Hadromyia pulchra Williston, 1882, Ferdinandea Rondani, 1884, Melanosoma mellinum (Linnaeus, 1758) and Platycheirus LePeleteier & Serville, 1828) previously shown to be attracted to methyl eugenol were found to be attracted to the monofluorinated methyl eugenol analog. Three additional Diptera: Syrphidae. Dasysyrphus Enderlien ,1938, Pseudoscaeva diversifasciatus Knab, 1914 and Blera humeralis Williston, 1882) were deemed to be attracted to the monofluorinated methyl eugenol. A number of insects attracted to methyl eugenol were not attracted to monofluorinated methyl eugenol including Diptera in Lauxaniidae, Scatopsidae, Mycetophilidae, and Drosphilidae, Lepidoptera i...
Stability of surface protons in pyridine-catalyzed CO2 reduction at p-GaP photoelectrodes

Adsorbed protons that develop hydride character have been proposed to play a role in the mechanism of CO2 reduction catalyzed by pyridine on GaP photoelectrodes. Investigating their stability represents an important step towards vetting this mechanism. In this contribution, the relative stability of the adsorbed protons is determined using cluster models with dispersion-corrected density functional theory and continuum solvation. Proton acidity constants computed under typical experimental conditions are compared to the acidity constants of other relevant species. The adsorbed protons are predicted to be very stable, suggesting that they will be present on the surface and available to be reduced to surface hydrides that could possibly react with adsorbed pyridine to form adsorbed dihydropyridine, a previously proposed co-catalyst. However, the high stability of such protons also suggests that the surface does not represent a significant proton source; as a consequence, protons required in the proposed mechanism must be provided by a different source such as the acidified aqueous solution in contact with the electrode surface.
Motivating Individuals with Spastic Cerebral Palsy to Speak Using Mobile Speech Recognition

Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) struggle with conditions such as dysarthria, dysphagia, and dyspraxia as they speak. While speech therapy is successful in practice, outside practice requires increased commitment and effort from caregivers. Researchers developed a speech recognition game designed to encourage out-of-office exercises and motivate users to practice. Next they recruited a participant with cerebral palsy to investigate the performance of the system in a live environment. The participant joined the game after demonstration from the caregiver and temporarily increased speech loudness and clarity during play. The participant found sound effects more rewarding than animations. The total number of sentences spoken during the session was found to be less than half that of a speaker without any impairment. Researchers also observed two instances of cheating. This work provides insight into the automated motivation of motivating speech production with individuals with cerebral palsy.
Identifying Evidence-Based Practices for Behavior: Analysis of Studies Reviewed by the What Works Clearinghouse

ABSTRACTPrior concerns have been raised about the ability of schools to access evidence-based practices, however, these practices are instrumental for addressing behavior concerns. This is particularly true at the secondary level, where students are more likely to be disproportionately identified for school removal. This review investigates studies of behavior intervention programs reviewed by the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC), founded by the US Department of Education's Institute of Education Sciences. Three studies meet the WWC evidence standards for middle or high school students. The limited number of studies meeting evidence standards and the demographic samples of those studies meeting evidence standards lowers access to robust practice.
Chick-Fil-A: A Bird of a Different Feather

In 2011, sales at Chick-fil-A (CFA)surpassed $4 billion; however due to ownership's aversion to debt, the pace of expansion was significantly slower than the fast-food-segment average. And the biggest differences between CFA and other fast-food chains were its private, family-controlled ownership structure and its management philosophy. This case explores the relationship between an enterprise's philosophy and its long-term viability. This case is used in Darden's EMBA and Global EMBA programs. It works well in any course covering short- and long-term strategic issues for a privately held firm experiencing strong growth. Excerpt UVA-G-0632 Rev. Sept. 23, 2016 Chick-fil-A: Bird of a Different Feather In 2011, sales at Chick-fil-A (CFA), a southern U.S. restaurant chain, surpassed $ 4billion, an increase of 13% over 2010. The privately held, family-run business headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, was ranked 13th among U.S. quick-serve restaurant franchises, second only to KFC in the fried-chicken category. CFA's business model varied significantly from that of most other fast-food chains. Advertising budgets and debt loads were lower than average, and operating hours were reduced. Franchisee recruitment, financial commitment, and management expectations also deviated from industry norms. Due to ownership's aversion to debt, the pace of expansion was significantly slower than the fast-food-segment average. But perhaps the most significant differences between CFA and other fast-food chains were its private, family-controlled ownership structure and its management philosophy, which was based on biblical principles. In 2012, CFA came under fire for statements made by its COO, Dan Cathy, in favor of the “biblical definition of marriage.” These statements were perceived to be critical of gay marriage, a pending legal issue in a number of states that had been gaining popular support. Gay rights groups called for a CFA boycott; meanwhile, CFA supporters flocked to local restaurants for Appreciation Day, for which CFA reported record sales. Nevertheless, the controversy raised questions about the extent to which an ownership's views could affect or even compromise an enterprise's long-term viability. . . .
Priorities of surrogate decision makers when making decisions for intracerebral hemorrhage patients with poor prognosis: a latent class analysis of the US population (P3.033)

Objective: Our aim was to determine whether members of the US population, when deciding whether a relative devastated by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) should receive a tracheostomy and permanent feeding tube versus comfort care only, could be segmented into distinct groups, based on their prioritization of decisional concerns. Background: Defining like-minded clusters of surrogate decision makers may identify novel approaches for tailored development of goals-of-care decision aids. Design/Methods: We developed and piloted an online survey that (1) presented a scenario of an elderly relative intubated following ICH with poor neurologic prognosis, needing tracheostomy and feeding tube insertion for survival; and (2) utilized best-worst scaling to obtain a rank ordering of decisional concerns from the respondent acting as the patient’s surrogate. Respondents were then recruited from a probability-based US population sample. Latent class analysis was performed on the subjects’ responses. Results: 796 subjects completed the survey. Latent class analysis demonstrated that respondents’ prioritization of concerns could be classified into 5 groups. Nearly all respondents listed (1) respecting the patient’s wishes and (2) ensuring a comfortable death as their top 2 concerns. However, respondents in the largest group (Group 1, n=216) were concerned with trusting the given prognosis and were most likely to feel guilty about limiting treatment. Group 2 (n=174) was so concerned with an elderly patient not suffering with life support that these concerns outweighed consideration of the patient’s own wishes. Group 3 (n=163) focused on family agreement regarding decisions, while Group 4 (n=150) reported that religious beliefs were top priority. Group 5 (n=93) was most inclined to consider financial factors. Conclusions: We identified 5 types of decisional patterns for surrogates of ICH patients with poor prognosis, based on their prioritization of concerns. These data will inform development of decision aids tailored to address clusters of surrogate decision makers with similar decisional priorities. Study Supported by: American Brain Foundation Practice Research Training Fellowship; Neurocritical Care Society Research Training Grant; Apple Pickers Foundation (Westerly, RI); National Institute on Aging Loan Repayment Program. Disclosure: Dr. Hwang has received research support from American Brain Foundation Practice Research Training Fellowship, Apple Pickers Foundation, Neurocritical Care Society, National Institute of Health. Dr. Knies has nothing to disclose. Dr. Holloway has received personal compensation for activities with Milliman Guideline, Inc. as a consultant. Dr. White has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sheth has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity Current Treatment Options in Neurology. Dr. Sheth has received research support from Remedy Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Dr. Fraenkel has nothing to disclose.
Managing Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in the Era of Black Box Warnings

Abstract Dementias are the most common neurodegenerative conditions in human beings. As we age, the incidence and prevalence of dementias increase. Currently in the United States, there are over 5 million individuals with dementias. This number is projected to rise to over 11 million over the next thirty years. Despite emerging data on various important aspects of dementia, the diagnosis and management of these disorders is not standardized. The data on the management dementias is still limited with none of the pharmacotherapeutic agents available in the market showing any longer term benefits. Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) refers to a group of non-cognitive symptoms and behaviors that occur commonly in patients with dementia. They result from a complex interplay between various biological, psychological and social factors involved in the disease process. BPSD is associated with increased caregiver burden, institutionalization, a more rapid decline in cognition and function and overall poorer quality of life. It also adds to the direct and indirect costs of caring for patients with dementia. Available data indicate efficacy for some non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment modalities for BPSD. However, recently the use of psychotropic medications for the treatment of BPSD has generated controversy due to increased recognition of their serious adverse effects. Inappropriate Sexual Behaviors in Dementias (ISBD) are a group of behavioral symptoms that are not uncommon in individuals with dementias and cause significant distress to everyone involved. There is emerging data on the epidemiology, neurobiology, assessments and treatments for ISBD. In this symposium, we will discuss the epidemiology, neurobiology, assessment and management of individuals with Dementias, BPSD and ISBD. We will also provide an evidence based guideline to assess and manage these individuals. Finally, we will elaborate on the recent controversies in the treatment of individuals with Dementias, BPSD and ISBD.
Etiopathogenesis of presenile cataracts in Central Kerala: A cross-sectional observational study

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the factors responsible for the development of presenile cataracts in patients between 18 and 50 years in Central Kerala. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was done on patients diagnosed with presenile cataracts (age group 18–50 years) at Little Flower Hospital, Angamaly, Kerala, from March 2016 to June 2016. A detailed history including the risk factors such as residence and occupation, diabetes mellitus (DM), atopy, and thyroid disorders was taken. Cataract was graded according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III. Statistical analysis of descriptive data was done with bar charts and pie diagrams. Results: Out of 200 participants included in the study, there were 88 males and 112 females. The mean age of the study population was 41.88 years. Pre senile cataract was associated with Diabetes mellitus in 31%, with atopy in 8.5%and with thyroid disorders in 5%of cases. Posterior subcapsular cataract (42%) was the most common type of cataract found. Total cataract was present in 23.5%. The odds of developing cortical cataract was higher in those with thyroid disorder (odds ratio (OR) = 6.97), nuclear cataract was higher in those with uveitis (OR = 6.18) and high myopia (OR = 7.97), and total cataract was higher in those with a history of trauma (OR = 8.95). Conclusion: Apart from DM and atopy, the place of residence and occupation (and thus possibly exposure to ultraviolet radiations) is also associated with the development of presenile cataract. Posterior subcapsular cataract is the most common type of presenile cataract in Central Kerala.
“Everybody’s Really Close-Knit”: Disconnections Between Helping Victims of Intimate Partner Violence and More General Helping in Rural Communities:

Social support is key to well-being for victims of intimate partner violence (IPV), and bystanders have an important role to play in preventing IPV by taking action when there is risk for violence. The current study used qualitative interviews to explore young adults' perspectives on helping in situations of IPV, and more general helping, in the rural communities in which they resided. Participants were 74 individuals between the ages of 18 and 24 years from 16 rural counties across the eastern United States. Participants generally described their communities as close-knit and helpful, especially around daily hassles (e.g., broken down car) and unusual circumstances (e.g., house fire). Although participants generated ways in which community members help IPV victims, these mostly focused on providing support or taking action in the aftermath of IPV as opposed to more preventive actions. Lack of financial resources were uniquely cited as a barrier to more general helping, whereas concerns about privacy and lack of deservingness of help were barriers to both general helping and helping in IPV situations, although these were more pronounced in IPV situations than general helping situations. Taken together, these results suggest that although people generally see their communities as helpful and close-knit, these perceptions and scripts did not necessarily translate to helping in situations of IPV. Bystander intervention programs are needed that provide more specific helping scripts for IPV.
The Short-Time Fourier Transform

We have seen that ideal time-frequency analysis faces a fundamental obstacle in the form of the uncertainty principle. Nevertheless, the example of the musical score indicates that a reasonable and useful form of time-frequency analysis should still be possible and realizable.
A CRX null mutation is associated with both Leber congenital amaurosis and a normal ocular phenotype.

PURPOSE. To identify and characterize new cone rod homeobox (CRX) mutations associated with the Leber congenital amaurosis phenotype. METHODS. The human CRX gene was sequenced in 74 consecutive patients carrying the diagnosis of Leber congenital amaurosis. RESULTS. Two mutations were identified in CRX that cause frameshifts and predict severe truncations of the encoded protein. One of these, a 1-bp insertion, spares only nine N-terminal amino acids, removing the homeodomain, WSP motif, and conserved OTX domain at the C terminus. Of the CRX mutations described in the literature, this is the first that convincingly represents a null allele of the gene. Although the patient heterozygous for this null allele is affected with Leber congenital amaurosis, it was surprising that her father, who had normal vision, was heterozygous for the same mutation. CONCLUSIONS. These results strongly suggest that haploinsufficiency of CRX is not sufficient to cause a retinal disorder. Loss of function alleles of CRX appear to cause Leber congenital amaurosis through a recessive or multigenic mechanism.
Promoting Integration of Theory and Practice in Field Education

Abstract The integration of theory and practice in field education is a necessary component of an effective social work education. However, students often find this process difficult and complex, creating the need for a structured and organized framework to ensure this integration occurs. This article presents a format for a field journal that requires the use of social work literature and incorporates connections between the literature and the students' practice experiences in the field. This method can be used by field instructors and field educators to further expand on the connections made in the journal, thus increasing opportunities for understanding and integration. Feedback obtained from graduating students to assess the effectiveness of this assignment is presented along with recommendations for use by field instructors and faculty liaisons.
Similarities and Differences in Tobacco Control Research Findings From Convenience and Probability Samples.

Background Online convenience samples are a quick and low-cost way to study health behavior, but the comparability to findings from probability samples is not yet well understood. Purpose We sought to compare convenience and probability samples' findings for experiments, correlates, and prevalence in the context of tobacco control research. Methods Participants were a probability sample of 5,014 U.S. adults recruited by phone from September 2014 through May 2015 (cost ~U.S.$620,000) and an online convenience sample of 4,137 U.S. adults recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) in December 2014 (cost ~U.S.$17,000). Participants completed a survey with experiments, measures of tobacco product use and demographic characteristics. Results MTurk convenience and probability samples showed the same pattern of statistical significance and direction in almost all experiments (21 of 24 analyses did not differ) and observational studies (19 of 25 associations did not differ). Demographic characteristics of the samples differed substantially (1 of 17 estimates did not differ), with the convenience sample being younger, having more years of education, and including more Whites and Asians. Tobacco product use also differed substantially (1 of 22 prevalence estimates did not differ), with the convenience sample reporting more cigarette and e-cigarette use (median error 19%). Conclusions Using MTurk convenience samples can yield generalizable findings for experiments and observational studies. Prevalence estimates from MTurk convenience samples are likely to be over- or underestimates.
The Discursive Tapestry of Economic and Educational Story Lines

Using a critical policy analysis framework, this article examines the discursive foundation of the most recent era of educational reform. The purpose of this article is to provide educational pract...
Seat Time Academic Credit: What Does It Really Measure?

The history of the “semester credit hour” and academic credit—the “currency” of higher education—is analyzed and described from the perspective of the twenty-first-century needs. Also described is the widespread use of credit hours for measuring nearly every function in the academy from student progress toward a degree, faculty workloads, budgets for departments and colleges, and even the “flow of dollars from state coffers to the bank accounts of public universities.” The serious weaknesses of academic credit for such measures and purposes are discussed as are the several attempts at replacing it with a measure that is valid, reliable, and easy to use. The complicit role of the nation’s accrediting bodies is described as is the need for reform in higher education accreditation policies. It is in this context that the European model, the Bologna Process, is described and its potential for improving American higher education accreditation.
Development and Evolution of Mechanistic Understanding in Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling.

ConspectusSince the pioneering work of Kochi in the 1970s, iron has attracted great interest for cross-coupling catalysis due to its low cost and toxicity as well as its potential for novel reactivity compared to analogous reactions with precious metals like palladium. Today there are numerous iron-based cross-coupling methodologies available, including challenging alkyl–alkyl and enantioselective methods. Furthermore, cross-couplings with simple ferric salts and additives like NMP and TMEDA (N-methylpyrrolidone and tetramethylethylenediamine) continue to attract interest in pharmaceutical applications. Despite the tremendous advances in iron cross-coupling methodologies, in situ formed and reactive iron species and the underlying mechanisms of catalysis remain poorly understood in many cases, inhibiting mechanism-driven methodology development in this field.This lack of mechanism-driven development has been due, in part, to the challenges of applying traditional characterization methods such as nuclear m...
Correlations between ultrasonographic and subsequent radiographic findings of developmental dysplasia of the hips.

PURPOSE The study aimed to investigate the utility of ultrasonographic findings in predicting the subsequent radiographic parameters of developmental dysplasia of the hips. METHODS In this 12-year retrospective cohort study, all new-born infants with a positive clinical examination or risk factors were included. They were scheduled for hip ultrasonography in the first 3 months, and subsequent radiographs at 1 year of life. The ultrasonographic images were evaluated using the Graf classification, Harcke's dynamic screening method, and Terjesen's femoral head coverage method. The radiographic images were evaluated using the acetabular index and femoral head position. The overall ultrasonographic or radiographic findings were considered abnormal if they were classified as abnormal for any of their respective parameters. The overall ultrasonographic and radiographic parameters were correlated. RESULTS A total of 160 patients were included. The overall ultrasonographic and radiographic parameters showed no statistically significant difference (P=0.050). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the overall ultrasonographic parameters were 57.1%, 84.9%, and 81.3%, respectively. All three individual ultrasonographic parameters showed close correlations, with no statistically significant differences, with the overall radiographic findings and acetabular index (P>0.050). However, they showed a poor correlation, with a statistically significant difference, with the position of the femoral head (P<0.001), with the ultrasonographic parameters having an excellent negative predictive value of 100.0% for identifying an abnormal femoral head position. CONCLUSION The current study suggests that ultrasonographic findings evaluated in the first 3 months of life have a close correlation with radiographic findings evaluated at 1 year of life. The ultrasonographic parameters showed an excellent negative predictive value for abnormal femoral head position on radiographs.
The Genomic Medical Record and Omic Ancillary Systems

“Omic” data become increasingly clinically relevant for a variety of PPM goals such as personalized diagnosis, assessment of disease risk, or targeting appropriate medications and doses. EHRs today are designed to manage conventional clinical data and not omic data (i.e., they are not omic-enabled). The present chapter presents informatics challenges and solutions for omic data storage, analysis and use in clinical PPM workflows. Omic ancillary systems (OASs), in particular may serve these purposes. An OAS allows storage for large files containing results, as well as specialized tools and processing pipelines to aid in their interpretation. The chapter discusses Data and Knowledge Management, Display of Information, Implementation, Standards, as well as Ethical, and Health Economics challenges and considerations.
Hydrologic Performance of a Permeable Pavement and Stormwater Harvesting Treatment Train Stormwater Control Measure

AbstractStormwater runoff from urban development causes undesired impacts to surface waters, including discharge of pollutants, stream erosion, and loss of in-stream habitat. Stormwater control mea...
Planning the Future in an Uncertain Present: Postsecondary Possibilities for Accompanied Youth of Color Experiencing Homelessness

Research suggests diverse experiences with homelessness can affect students’ PK-12 school success and, relatedly, postsecondary opportunities. Exploring postsecondary preparation and planning in the context of housing instability, this study draws on the framework of community cultural wealth to explore the lived experiences of accompanied Students of Color undergoing homelessness. Part of a larger qualitative case study on homelessness and a community-based afterschool center, this study draws mainly from interviews and focus groups with 21 students experiencing homelessness and 10 program providers. These data reveal students’ assets and future aspirations despite formidable structural challenges. Analysis suggests that these students have many assets to aid in postsecondary planning; afterschool programs and other stakeholders can and must amplify these strengths in myriad ways. Contributing to research on the diversity in homelessness, this study focuses purposefully and exclusively on the unique experiences of accompanied students persisting in high school—all of whom identify as Students of Color. Our conclusions counter stereotypes to reveal a wealth of students’ personal, academic, and community-oriented strengths—with implications for theory, research, and practice.
Agile methodologies at an educational context: a systematic review

This is a work in progress and the category is research. This paper presents a systematic review on the usage of agile methodologies in educational environments. During history, multiple strategies were created in order to solve the necessity of helping students on building their knowledge. The arrival of new technologies opens new possibilities due to the easy access to information, and this fact transforms student’s profiles worldwide. In this context, it is important to find new ways to assist learners through the journey of learning while improving their motivation. Recently, the application of agile project management methodologies, such as Scrum and Extreme Programming, has emerged as an option to be adopted inside the classroom aiming to improve learning. Due to their capabilities of flexibilization of student’s self-regulation, these methodologies have become an interesting option in an educational environment hence their high adaptability to requirements changes that may occur during the time. In other words, new requirements can be perceived by the teacher, for instance, learning a new tool that was not planned on before, and, therefore, the class plan can be modified to accommodate this new necessity. Through the mapping of the literature it was possible to obtain a knowledge base on the subject and to understand the current state of the research on the topic.
Observatorio laboral regional EMPLE-AP: alcances, usuarios y modelo

This research focuses its attention on higher education employability observatories, which are understood as platforms that contribute to the employment of their graduates, presenting the results of the activities carried out by the so-called Work Package 4 within the framework of the ERASMUS+ EMPLE-AP project. Since the main objective of the study was to define the scope of a regional labor observatory in the countries of the Pacific Alliance, as well as to determine the articulation of its capacities in relation to the demands of its stakeholders, a qualitative approach of an emergent nature was used, with interviews and focus groups as data collection instruments. As far as the population and sample were concerned, the aforementioned instruments were applied, through the project partners, to professionals and users of labor observatories in Italy, Portugal, Mexico, Colombia, Peru and Chile. Later on, using the content analysis technique, the products, functions, structures and competencies required by the operation of a labor observatory were defined according to the requirements of the project.
Adropin decreases endothelial monolayer permeability after cell-free hemoglobin exposure and reduces MCP-1-induced macrophage transmigration.

Background Cell-free heme-containing proteins mediate endothelial injury in a variety of disease states including subarachnoid hemorrhage and sepsis by increasing endothelial permeability. Inflammatory cells are also attracted to sites of vascular injury by monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and other chemokines. We have identified a novel peptide hormone, adropin, that protects against hemoglobin-induced endothelial permeability and MCP-1-induced macrophage migration. Methods Human microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to cell-free hemoglobin (CFH) with and without adropin treatment before measuring monolayer permeability using a FITC-dextran tracer assay. mRNA and culture media were collected for molecular studies. We also assessed the effect of adropin on macrophage movement across the endothelial monolayer using an MCP-1-induced migration assay. Results CFH exposure decreases adropin expression and increases paracellular permeability of human endothelial cells. Treating cells with synthetic adropin protects against the increased permeability observed during the natural injury progression. Cell viability was similar in all groups and Hmox1 expression was not affected by adropin treatment. MCP-1 potently induced macrophage migration across the endothelial monolayer and adropin treatment effectively reduced this phenomenon. Conclusions Endothelial injury is a hallmark of many disease states. Our results suggest that adropin treatment could be a valuable strategy in preventing heme-mediated endothelial injury and macrophage infiltration. Further investigation of adropin therapy in animal models and human tissue specimens is needed.
Chapter 2.4 Defensive behaviors, fear, and anxiety

Abstract Defensive behaviors are a set of responses to threat stimuli and situations that have evolved on the basis of their adaptiveness in reducing harm to the threatened organism. These behaviors are highly conserved across mammals and rapidly conditioned to stimuli and situations associated with threat. Because the effectiveness of particular defenses may depend on features of the threat stimulus and the situation in which it is encountered, the presence of these “enabling” features strongly modulates the strength of specific responses, resulting in highly consistent patterns of defensive behavior under controlled conditions; and additionally suggesting a basic differentiation between fear-related defenses and anxiety-related defenses. Use of such controlled conditions indicates that particular defenses may be differentially sensitive to drugs effective against generalized anxiety disorder, and panic. Recent scenario studies suggest that normal humans show patterns of defense that are relatively similar to those of laboratory rodents, supporting the possibility that evolved/unconditioned defensive behaviors may be involved in some of the behavioral variability found in anxiety disorders.
The physiology of menstruation in Macacus rhesus monkeys

Abstract Over forty monkeys were used in this series of experiments to determine the physiologic factors responsible for the development of the primate endometrium. The experiments may be divided into two groups: (1) those dealing with the action of estrin and corporin on the endometrium after castration, and (2) those in which endometrial modifications were induced through the action of anterior pituitary preparations on the ovaries. It is possible by both of these methods to produce endometrial conditions typical of the different phases of the menstrual cycle. The estrin effects are characteristic of the first half or follicular part of the cycle and corporin the last half or lutein part. The histologic and cytologic changes produced by estrin and corporin are so different that their individual actions can be easily distinguished. Postoperative menses can be inhibited by estrin following oophorectomy during the follicular half of the cycle but becomes progressively more difficult with the development of the lutein condition. Attempts to inhibit bleeding of well-developed premenstrual endometria by the injection of estrin were not successful. When estrin is administered for an extended period following castration atrophy of the endometrium there is first marked mitotic activity which gradually subsides and may be almost absent by the end of thirty days. Such endometriums will bleed if estrin injections are discontinued or the dosage materially lowered and may even do so during treatment when injections are continued for a long time. Corporin will inhibit postcastration bleeding of either a follicular or a lutein endometrium and will also inhibit bleeding which invariably follows discontinuance of a prolonged estrin treatment. The dosage required for inhibition of bleeding seems higher than that which produces characteristic corporin effects in the endometrium. When corporin is administered for an extended period, following an estrin treatment, the endometrium develops the modifications found in the lutein half of the normal cycle, and the glands finally become secretorially exhausted and remain in this condition as long as treatment is continued. Few or no mitoses are found and this is especially true of well-developed premenstrual conditions. Corporin can also produce its characteristic effects, without previous estrin stimulation, in endometriums which have undergone castration atrophy. When corporin and estrin are injected simultaneously ½ Rb.U. of corporin is at least partially effective in the presence of 100 R.U. of estrin. Epithelial proliferations from the surface mucosa and distal portions of the glands were found in several instances following traumatization, as a result of biopsy, during the presecretory corporin phase of experimental cycles. These proliferations were not observed to follow biopsies of estrin endometriums or biopsies after prolonged corporin treatment. The significance of these epithelial growths is not definitely known, though they are very similar and appear morphologically identical with those seen at the implantation site of a fertilized ovum.
Expression and secretion of the cloned Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A by Escherichia coli

The exotoxin A gene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK was expressed in Escherichia coli from recombinant plasmids when transcription was initiated from a promoter in the cloning vector. The exotoxin A polypeptide synthesized was found to have an electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of 66,000 daltons, identical in size to the mature exotoxin A made by P. aeruginosa. Analysis of the location of exotoxin A in various bacterial compartments by immunoblotting revealed that exotoxin A was exported by E. coli into its periplasmic space. Several functional assays, including analyses of disulfide bond formation, potentiation of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, and HeLa cell cytotoxicity, were used to establish that the conformation of exotoxin A isolated from the E. coli periplasmic space is identical to that of exotoxin exported by P. aeruginosa to its extracellular space. Previous studies with recombinant plasmids expressing exotoxin A from P. aeruginosa PA103 (G. D. Gray, D. Smith, J. Baldridge, R. Markins, M. Vasil, E. Chen, and M. Heyneker, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:2645-2649, 1984) showed a complete lack of processing and export of pre-exotoxin A in E. coli, differing from results reported here. These discrepancies may be explained by observed differences in the sequence of signal peptides encoded by the exotoxin A genes of PAK and PA103 strains of P. aeruginosa.