cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ENTRE LO INDIO, LO NEGRO Y LO INCAICO: LA JERARQUÍA ESPACIAL DE LA DIFERENCIA EN EL PERÚ MULTICULTURAL

Resumen es: Este articulo examina los problemas encontrados por un programa estatal sobre multiculturalismo afro-indigena en Peru dentro del marco de la historia int...
Wireless sensor network for aircraft health monitoring

Wireless sensor networks is an emerging paradigm of computing and networking where a node may be selfpowered, and have sensing, computing, and communication capabilities. They have been proposed for use in a wide variety of applications. The objective of this article is to describe a wireless sensor network for monitoring of the health of aircraft engines. We describe the architecture of the wireless sensor network along with how it fits into the general area of wireless sensor networks.
Chapter 14 Chemistry of HOx radicals in the upper troposphere

Abstract Aircraft observations from three recent missions (STRAT, SUCCESS, SONEX) are synthesized into a theoretical analysis of the factors controlling the concentrations of HO x radicals (HO x =OH+peroxy) and the larger reservoir family HO y (HO y =HO x +2H 2 O 2 +2CH 3 OOH+HNO 2 +HNO 4 ) in the upper troposphere. Photochemical model calculations capture 66% of the variance of observed HO x concentrations. Two master variables are found to determine the variance of the 24 h average HO x concentrations: the primary HO x production rate, P (HO x ), and the concentration of nitrogen oxide radicals (NO x =NO+NO 2 ). We use these two variables as a coordinate system to diagnose the photochemistry of the upper troposphere and map the different chemical regimes. Primary HO x production is dominanted by the O( 1 D)+H 2 O reaction when [H 2 O]>100 ppmv, and by photolysis of acetone (and possibly other convected HO x precursors) under drier conditions. For the principally northern midlatitude conditions sampled by the aircraft missions, the HO x yield from acetone photolysis ranges from 2 to 3. Methane oxidation amplifies the primary HO x source by factors of 1.1–1.9. Chemical cycling within the HO x family has a chain length of 2.5–7, while cycling between the HO x family and its HO y reservoirs has a chain length of 1.6–2.2. The number of ozone molecules produced per HO y molecule consumed ranges from 4 to 12, such that ozone production rates vary between 0.3 and 5 ppbv d −1 in the upper troposphere. Three chemical regimes (NO x -limited, transition, NO x -saturated) are identified to describe the dependence of HO x concentrations and ozone production rates on the two master variables P (HO x ) and [NO x ]. Simplified analytical expressions are derived to express these dependences as power laws for each regime. By applying an eigenlifetime analysis to the HO x −NO x −O 3 chemical system, we find that the decay of a perturbation to HO y in the upper troposphere (as from deep convection) is represented by four dominant modes with the longest time scale being factors of 2–3 times longer than the steady-state lifetime of HO y .
Including unfamiliar stimuli in preference assessments for young children with autism

This study examined the inclusion of familiar and unfamiliar stimuli in a paired-stimulus preference assessment and subsequent progressive-ratio reinforcer assessment for 3 children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results showed that highly preferred unfamiliar stimuli functioned as reinforcers. These findings suggest that the inclusion of unfamiliar stimuli in preference assessments may facilitate the identification of additional reinforcers for children with an ASD.
Lessons from the Sony CD DRM episode

In the fall of 2005, problems discovered in two Sony-BMG compact disc copy protection systems, XCP and MediaMax, triggered a public uproar that ultimately led to class-action litigation and the recall of millions of discs. We present an in-depth analysis of these technologies, including their design, implementation, and deployment. The systems are surprisingly complex and suffer from a diverse array of flaws that weaken their content protection and expose users to serious security and privacy risks. Their complexity, and their failure, makes them an interesting case study of digital rights management that carries valuable lessons for content companies, DRM vendors, policymakers, end users, and the security community.
Accessory factors in clathrin-dependent synaptic vesicle endocytosis

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is a special form of vesicle budding important for the internalization of receptors and extracellular ligands, for the recycling of plasma membrane components, and for the retrieval of surface proteins destined for degradation. In nerve terminals, clathrin-mediated endocytosis is crucial for synaptic vesicle recycling. Recent structural studies have provided molecular details of coat assembly. In addition, biochemical and genetic studies have identified numerous accessory proteins that assist the clathrin coat in its function at synapses and in other systems. This review summarizes these advances with a special focus on accessory factors and highlights new aspects of clathrin-mediated endocytosis revealed by the study of these factors.
Shoot Dry Weight of the Soybean Seedling Following Gamma Irradiation: Effects of Exposure, Exposure Rate, and Split Exposure

The exposure of organisms to ionizing radiation induces a series of varied effects that collectively can lead to growth reduction and/or lethality. A number of biological, environmental, and radiological factors, however, influence the extent of damage induced by an exposure to ionizing radiation.15 Results of research with a number of biological test systems show that more damage is induced per unit of radiation delivered at relatively high rates than at low rates, i.e., there is an exposure-rate effect.5 The split-exposure technique is commonly used to study exposure-rate effects in organisms because the phenomenon is generally interpreted on the basis of repair of induced damage.2,5,8,11
Advances in millimeter-wave FET MMIC technology

There has been remarkable progress in the development of millimeter-wave FET MMICs over the last decade. Significant improvements in noise figure, gain, output power, and efficiency have been achieved at millimeter-wave frequencies. HEMT amplifiers with gain at frequencies as high as 200 GHz and fundamental HEMT oscillators at 213 GHz have been demonstrated. This paper will review recent developments of millimeter-wave FET MMICs as well as some remaining challenges.
Communicating with shareholders in the post-financial crisis period

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate textual issues and communication patterns of CEOs/chairmen/presidents’ letters to shareholders in the post-2008 financial crisis period. By taking a global perspective, the work specifically explores how 307 banks from 15 countries communicated the issues of financial crisis with shareholders, customers and other stakeholders in their letters to shareholders published in the banks’ annual reports. Design/methodology/approach – By using content analysis and qualitative research, the work specifically analyzes 307 letters to shareholders that constitute 1,028 pages. Findings – Results of the work suggest that textual features and communication patterns of letters to shareholders remain distinct regarding corporate messages that banks delivered to their shareholders. There was little resemblance between financial institutions regarding their communicative patterns. This could be the result of cultural issues, diverse business environments, regulatory stan...
Enhanced BIST-based diagnosis of FPGAs via boundary scan access

Four methods for accessing BIST for FPGAs via the IEEE 1149.1 standard boundary scan interface are presented and discussed in terms of advantages/disadvantages including their impact on test time and diagnostic resolution. These methods can be used in a variety of FPGA architectures for system level testing and diagnosis.
Pareto Efficient Policy for Supervisory Power Management Control

In this paper we address the problem of online optimization of the supervisory power management control in parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). We model HEV operation as a controlled Markov chain using the long-run expected average cost per unit time criterion, and we show that the control policy yielding the Pareto optimal solution minimizes the average cost criterion online. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is validated through simulation and compared to the solution derived with dynamic programming using the average cost criterion.
“I Really Liked That Movie”: Testing the Relationship Between Trait Empathy, Transportation, Perceived Realism, and Movie Enjoyment

The current study investigated the contributions of trait empathy and narrative transportation to audience members’ film enjoyment. Undergraduates (N = 199) evaluated two films they had seen recently and responded to items measuring different types of trait empathy, narrative transportation, film enjoyment, and perceived realism. Fantasy empathy, but not perspective taking, empathic concern, or personal distress, was found to be associated with narrative transportation. Transportation was found to be associated with enjoyment and perceived realism.
Mating status and kin recognition influence the strength of cannibalism

Adults that cannibalize juvenile conspecifics gain substantial energy and nutrients that are potentially limited in their normal diet, but they may also face the risk of filial cannibalism: the consumption of an individual's own offspring. However, the potential costs and benefits of cannibalism change with the reproductive status of an individual during its lifetime. Once adults become reproductively active, they suddenly face the potential loss of inclusive fitness associated with filial cannibalism, but they also have higher energy demands that could easily be met with cannibalism. Thus, selection should favour any behaviour that reduces the risk of filial cannibalism while maximizing the nutritional and other benefits of cannibalism. Here we take an experimental approach to examine the relative importance of kin discrimination, reproductive status and sex differences in influencing cannibalistic behaviour (including filial cannibalism) of adults using confused flour beetles, Tribolium confusum, as a model system. Using a series of complementary experiments, we show that the cannibalistic behaviour of T. confusum is driven by a combination of two factors that both reduce the risk of filial cannibalism. First, reproductive females preferred to cannibalize unrelated eggs over related eggs, indicating clear kin discrimination. In addition, females also showed a dramatic reduction in the general propensity for cannibalism after becoming reproductively active. Interestingly, the onset of reproduction also reduced cannibalism rates in males, indicating that this change in cannibalistic behaviour is consistent across sexes. Mating status had a greater influence on cannibalism rates than did sex. Together, kin discrimination and mating-status-dependent shifts in cannibalism rates reduced the risk of filial cannibalism by up to six-fold. In general, our findings suggest that evolution can alter the cannibalistic behaviour of individuals in multiple ways to reduce the risk of filial cannibalism while still maximizing the benefits of cannibalism.
Institutionalizing supreme command: explaining political–military integration in the Vietnam War, 1964–1968

Under what conditions can leaders achieve wartime political–military integration? In the Vietnam War, political–military integration exhibited dramatic variation: in the air war, the US was able to tightly integrate its political objectives and military conduct, but in the ground war, the American military prosecuted a strategy that was both divorced from broader political objectives and was immune from Washington's influence. I argue that the nature of information management between the military and civilian leadership explains the pattern of political–military integration in the Vietnam War more completely than do explanations that focus on the organizational cultures of professional militaries.
Phenol-Hypochlorite as a Spectrophotometric Reagent for the Estimation of Methylamine

Abstract The use of phenol and alkaline hypochlorite has been investigated for the spectrophotometric estimation of methylamine. The reagents react with methylamine forming an intensely blue colored dye, the maximum absorption for which is observed at 630 nm. The rate of the reaction is slow. Sodium nitroprusside is added to enhance the sensitivity and rate of the reaction. The rate is also enhanced by raising the temperature of the reaction. The formation of the indophenol dye is pH sensitive, maximum intensity being observed at pH 10.5. The reaction mixture buffered at pH 10.5, is thermostated at 37°C and its absorbance measured at 630 nm after 3 hours. The system obeys Beer's law up to 15 ppm with slight deviation in the lower ranges. Concentrations as low as 0.5 ppm of methylamine can be estimated in a 1 cm cell.
Subjective and Objective Screening Tests for Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity

Objective To compare subjective and objective clinical tests used in the screening for hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity to multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) reference testing. Design Prospective, single-center, case control study. Participants Fifty-seven patients with a previous or current history of hydroxychloroquine treatment of more than 5 years' duration. Methods Participants were evaluated with a detailed medical history, dilated ophthalmologic examination, color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT), automated visual field testing (10-2 visual field mean deviation [VFMD]), and mfERG testing. We used mfERG test parameters as a gold standard to divide participants into 2 groups: those affected by hydroxychloroquine-induced retinal toxicity and those unaffected. Main Outcome Measures We assessed the association of various imaging and psychophysical variables in the affected versus the unaffected group. Results Fifty-seven study participants (91.2% female; mean age, 55.7±10.4 years; mean duration of hydroxychloroquine treatment, 15.0±7.5 years) were divided into affected (n = 19) and unaffected (n = 38) groups based on mfERG criteria. Mean age and duration of hydroxychloroquine treatment did not differ statistically between groups. Mean OCT retinal thickness measurements in all 9 macular subfields were significantly lower ( P P Conclusions Optical coherence tomography retinal thickness and 10-2 VFMD are objective measures demonstrating clinically useful sensitivity and specificity for the detection of hydroxychloroquine toxicity as identified by mfERG, and thus may be suitable surrogate tests.
163: Assessment of uraemic cardiomyopathy in childhood by systolic time intervals

Systolic time intervals (STI) are recorded in 48 children with chronic renal failure (CRF) for quantitative determination of impaired myocardial performance as a result of uraemic cardiomyopathy under conservative treatment or on haemodialysis (HD). Duration of total systole (DTS), pre-ejection-phase (PEP), ejection time (ET) and systolic quotient (SQ = ET/PEP) are estimated from simultaneous high speed tracings of the EKG, PKG and the external carotid pulse. The measured values are compared to the calculated values related to age and heart rate according to GOLDE. In non-dialysed children (mean SCR 9 mg%) there is a prolongation in PEP of 32% above normal (p < 0.05), indicating a reduced myocardial performance. The SQ is found shortened to 80% of normal (p < 0.05) corresponding to a diminished left ventricular ejection fraction. A correlation is also found between PEP, SQ and serum haemoglobin (r = 0.75/0.76). Following administration of digitalis PEP decreases (p < 0.05) and SQ increases (p < 0.05). On HD PEP and SQ improve significantly (p < 0.05) in the case that they have indicated a negative inotropic myocardial state before HD.
Making Computations and Publications Reproducible with VisTrails

The VisTrails system supports the creation of reproducible experiments. VisTrails integrates data acquisition, derivation, analysis, and visualization as executable components throughout the scientific exploration process, and through systematic provenance capture, it makes it easier to generate and share reproducible results. Using VisTrails, authors can link results to their provenance, reviewers can assess the experiment's validity, and readers can repeat and utilize the computations.
Infrared transfer radiometer for broadband and spectral calibration of space chambers

The Low-Background Infrared (LBIR) facility at NIST has recently completed construction of an infrared transfer radiometer with an integrated cryogenic Fourier transform spectrometer (Cryo-FTS). This mobile system can be deployed to customer sites for broadband and spectral calibrations of space chambers and low-background HWIL testbeds. The Missile Defense Transfer Radiometer (MDXR) has many of the capabilities of a complete IR calibration facility and will replace our existing filter-based transfer radiometer (BXR) as the NIST standard detector deployed to MDA facilities. The MDXR features numerous improvements over the BXR, including: a cryogenic Fourier transform spectrometer, an on-board absolute cryogenic radiometer (ACR), an internal blackbody reference, and an integrated collimator. The Cryo-FTS can be used to measure high resolution spectra from 4 to 20 micrometers, using a Si:As blocked-impurity-band (BIB) detector. The on-board ACR can be used for self-calibration of the MDXR BIB as well as for absolute measurements of infrared sources. A set of filter wheels and a rotating polarizer within the MDXR allow for filter-based and polarization-sensitive measurements. The optical design of the MDXR makes both radiance and irradiance measurements possible and enables calibration of both divergent and collimated sources. Details of the various MDXR components will be presented as well as initial testing data on their performance.
Further assessment to determine the additive effect of botulinum toxin type A on an upper extremity exercise program to enhance function among individuals with chronic stroke but extensor capability.

Abstract Wolf SL, Milton SB, Reiss A, Easley KA, Shenvi NV, Clark PC. Further assessment to determine the additive effect of botulinum toxin type A on an upper extremity exercise program to enhance function among individuals with chronic stroke but extensor capability. Objective To determine whether dose-specified botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and a standardized exercise protocol produce better upper extremity function than placebo and the same exercise program. Design Double-blind randomized trial. Setting A rehabilitation research center. Participants A convenience sample of patients (N=25, age range, 23–76y) who sustained a stroke 3 to 24 months previously but could initiate wrist extension. Interventions Participants were randomly selected to receive either BTX-A (maximum 300U) or saline, followed by 12 to 16 exercise sessions. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT). Secondary outcome measures included the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), active range of motion, and the Stroke Impact Scale (SIS; quality of life). Results There were no group-by-time interactions for changes in the WMFT and no treatment difference ( P =.86), although the BTX-A group could complete more tasks governing proximal joint motions. MAS scores improved for the BTX-A group and worsened for the control group after injection ( P =.02), as did the SIS emotion domain ( P =.035). Conclusions Among chronic stroke survivors, BTX-A did not impact function, movement, or tone more than a standardized exercise program.
Analysis of Fatalities During Maintenance and Repair Operations in the U.S. Mining Sector.

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS This analysis identified patterns in fatalities during maintenance and repair operations in mining. U.S. mining maintenance and repair fatal reports (2002–2011) were reviewed and used to develop a classification scheme. Fatalities were classified using this scheme, and proximal causes, tasks performed, and contributing factors were identified, as well as differences in patterns between coal and metal/nonmetal mines. Based on the results, possible interventions to reduce fatality occurrences are discussed. Primary suggestions include ensuring that workers are knowledgeable about and understand the importance of following proper de-energizing and lock out/tag out procedures, particularly in coal mines where the proportion of electrical-related deaths is significantly higher than in metal/nonmetal mines, and proper blocking procedures. Effort should be made to ensure that safety equipment and personal protective equipment are available and used where needed, especially in metal/nonm...
A rotating solar magnetic " dipole" observed from 1926 to 1968.

A recurring pattern with a period of 26 7/8 days observed in the polar geomagnetic field during the interval from 1926 to 1941 appears to persist in the interplanetary magnetic field polarity observed with spacecraft during the interval from 1963 to 1968. This observation suggests the existence of a rotating solar magnetic ?dipole' with a period of 26 7/8 plus or minus 0.003 days.
An Examination of the Mbo/Performance Standards Approach To Employee Evaluation: Attitudes Toward Performance Appraisal in Iowa:

The MBO/performance standards approach to employee evaluation may well represent the state-of-the-art. Employee attitudes regarding performance appraisals are crucial to the ultimate success of any system; this is especially true in regard to those which are drawn from humanistic management as the MBO/ performance standards approach is. This paper reports the findings from an attitudinal survey of Iowa public employees conducted in the Spring of 1983. In general, the M BO / performance standards approach is given favorable marks. It is, more or less, perceived as receiving organizational commitment, as being fair, as providing adequate feedback, and as being helpful to the employee. The performance appraisal system is also viewed as being positively linked to the perception of rewarding performance and job satisfaction.
Pediatric Intensivists as Hospitalists: Resident Supervision and In-Patient Coverage Compared with Office-Based Pediatricians

Pediatric Intensivists as Hospitalists: Resident Supervision and In-Patient Coverage Compared with Office-Based Pediatricians
HYDROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF LANDSAT IMAGERY USED IN THE STUDY OF THE 1973 INDUS RIVER FLOOD, PAKISTAN

: During August and September 1973, the Indus River Valley of Pakistan experienced one of the largest floods on record, resulting in damages to homes, businesses, public works, and crops amounting to millions of rupees. Tremendous areas of lowlands were inundated along the Indus River and major tributaries. Landsat data made it possible to easily measure the extent of flooding, totaling about 20,000 km2 within an area of about 400,000 km2 south from the Punjab to the Arabian Sea. The Indus River data were used to continue experimentation in the development of rapid, accurate, and inexpensive optical techniques of flood mapping by satellite begun in 1973 for the Mississipi River floods. The research work on the Indus River not resulted in the development of more effective procedures for optical processing of flood data and synoptically depicting flooding, but also provided potentially valuable ancillary information concerning the hydrology of much of the Indus River Basin.
Characteristics and response differences to iontophoretically applied norepinephrine, D-amphetamine and acetylcholine on neurons in the medial and lateral vestibular nuclei of the cat

Abstract Midcollicular decerebrate cats, with their cerebellum removed, were tested with controlled acceleratory motion in order to identify neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) which responded to a motion stimulus. Five-barreled micropepettes were used to record single neuron activity and to apply norepinephrine (NE), D -amphetamine and acetylcholine (ACh). These agents were studied on spontaneously firing cells which responded to a motion stimulus and others which were in the MVN or LVN but were not modulated by the test motion. Neurons located in the MVN were inhibited by NE and D -amphetamine but were unaffected by iontophoresis of the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine or the beta-antagonists, MJ-1999 or propranolol. In the LVN a majority of the cells tested were excited by NE and D -amphetamine. NE excitation in the LVN was antagonized by phentolamine but not by MJ-1999 or propranolol. Cats pretreated with reserpine to deplete brain catecholamines showed typical responses to NE but iontophoresis of D -amphetamine was without effect. Unlike the differential sensitivity observed for NE, ACh excited most cells in both the MVN and LVN. NE and ACh produced similar responses on vestibular neurons modulated by motion and those not responsive to motion. These observations suggest that NE-containing terminals are in close proximity to the vestibular neurons which were tested and further implicate both NE and ACh as neurotransmitters in afferent pathways to the vestibular nuclei.
ESR spectra of photoinduced defects in MX chain solids

Abstract We calculate the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra associated with the spin carrying nonlinear excitations such as neutral solitons, triplet excitons as well as electron and hole polarons for halogen-bridged mixed-valence transition metal (MX: M = Pt, X = Cl,Br,I) linear chain materials within a discrete, 3/4-filled, two-band, tight-binding extended Peierls-Hubbard model 1 . The strongly distorted and localized CDW material, PtCl, is contrasted with the weak CDW, delocalized material, PtBr. The hyperfine structure in the ESR spectra arises from the spin density on the Pt atoms while the superhyperfine structure is attributed to a small spin density present on the halogen sublattice. These theoretical predictions are compared with the recent experimental ESR data on photoinduced defects in PtX materials.
Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase by halogenated acetophenones

The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and hence of glucose oxidation, is regulated by reversible phosphorylation. We have searched for novel PDH-Kinase inhibitors using a high-throughput microtiter plate assay. A series of halogenated acetophenones with potent activity against PDH-Kinase (IC50 1–3 μM) and inactive towards other protein kinases was identified. The lead compound displayed non-linear kinetics and was shown to be an uncompetitive inhibitor with respect to ATP. These novel inhibitors of PDH-Kinase may be potential new drug leads for the treatment of diabetes or ischaemic conditions. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Outcome of unroofing procedure for repair of anomalous aortic origin of left or right coronary artery

Abstract Background Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) from an incorrect sinus of Valsalva is a relatively rare congenital defect and is associated with sudden death. Several surgical techniques have been described to address this defect, but functional outcome has never been addressed. In this report we evaluate a consecutive series of patients treated with unroofing techniques using transthoracic echocardiography, graded exercise testing, and stress echocardiography to assess functional repair. Methods Nine consecutive patients (range 7 to 65 years) underwent surgical repair of AAOCA from 1995 to 2001. In all patients the intramural segment was at or below the level of the commissure. All patients underwent a modified unroofing procedure to move the coronary artery orifice to the appropriate sinus. In 2 patients, a new orifice was created without significant unroofing and disruption of the commissure. Patients were evaluated prospectively with exercise electrocardiography testing and by resting and stress echocardiography. Results Of the 9 patients, 8 presented with symptoms suggestive of ischemia (chest pain, dyspnea on exertion, or syncope). Six patients had anomalous left main coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva, and 3 patients had anomalous right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva. Transthoracic echocardiography and graded exercise testing was performed in all 9 patients (mean 29 months, range 4 to 85 months) after repair. Of the 9 patients, 8 also underwent stress echocardiography. In 8 of 9 patients the newly created coronary artery ostium was visualized by either two-dimensional echocardiography or color flow Doppler. All patients were symptom free at the time of follow-up. Exercise stress echocardiography was negative in all patients. Of the 8 patients, 7 had normal left ventricular shortening. No patients had regional wall motion abnormalities suggestive of ischemia. All patients were intervention free except 1 patient who developed severe aortic insufficiency and underwent a subsequent Ross procedure 44 months after his initial procedure. Conclusions Anomalous origin of a coronary artery from an incorrect sinus of Valsalva is known to be associated with increased risk of sudden death. Surgical correction can be carried out with minimal risk and good anatomic and functional results. Manipulation of the commissure can be avoided by creation of a neo-ostia without extensive unroofing of the intramural segment or manipulation of the intercoronary commissure. This may avoid aortic valve malfunction.
Biorhythms in the activity of children during free play

The interaction between the arousal to action of environmental stimuli and recovery from that activity was presumed to generate biorhythms in the activity level of children. The level of environmental stimuli was manipulated by varying the play-group size and the apparatus, and higher environmental complexity was expected to produce more pronounced rhythms. The heart rates of 16 subjects playing in monad, dyad, and tetrad group sizes, in two playroom configurations, were monitored and spectral analysis used to locate significant biorhythms. There was a tendency toward 40-min (slow frequency) and 15-min (fast frequency) biorhythms. The group size manipulation produced the strongest biorhythmic behavior in the dyadic groups. Apparatus differences were not significant but the configuration containing a minimum quantity of play apparatus produced more variable activity than the configuration containing a large amount of play apparatus.
Ineffective utilization of nitrate by soybean during pod fill

The relative effectiveness of nitrate, allantoin, or nitrate plus allantoin as sources of nitrogen for the indeterminate soybean plant [Glycine max (L.) Merr cv. Harper] was studied throughout vegetative and reproductive growth. All plants were provided with 3.0 mM nitrogen and were grown hydroponically in growth chambers. During vegetative and early reproductive growth, plants given nitrate or nitrate plus allantoin grew faster than plants provided allantoin only. However, during pod fill, plants provided with allantoin or allantoin plus nitrate gained weight more rapidly than plants receiving just nitrate. More importantly, at maturity plants that had been provided with allantoin or allantoin plus nitrate during pod fill were 30% heavier in total dry weight, 50% higher in nitrogen content, and 50% higher in seed yield than plants that had received just nitrate. At full bloom, all plants were inoculated with the same culture of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and twice each week throughout pod fill each plant was assayed for nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction). Correlation coefficients obtained by linear regression analysis show a strong positive correlation between the measured rate of nitrogen fixation and maximum plant fresh weight (r = 0.83), total plant nitrogen (r = 0.81), or seed yield (r = 0.76). The fact that nitrogen fixation during pod fill stimulates plant growth and seed yield, coupled with the facts that nitrate blocks nodulation and is not used efficiently during pod fill by the soybean plant, may explain why seed yield of field-grown soybeans usually does not respond to added fertilizer nitrogen. Thus, it is suggested that enhanced nitrogen fixation may be the key factor in improving soybean seed yield.
Regress and the Doctrine of Epistemic Original Sin

Existing solutions to the epistemic regress problem, and the theories of justification built upon them, are inadequate, for they fail to diagnose the root source of the problem. The problem is rooted in our attachment to a pernicious dogma of modern epistemology: the idea that a judgement must be supported by some kind of reason or evidence to be justified. The epistemic analogue of the doctrine of original sin, this idea renders every judgement in need of redemption – guilty until shown to be innocent – distorting our understanding of reason at a very deep level, and preventing us from conceptualizing a satisfactory solution to the problem. If we opt for a more context–sensitive mechanism for assigning default epistemic status, however, we get a more plausible picture of justification, an epistemology more in tune with epistemic practice, and an elegant solution to the regress problem.
Dynamic aspects of the activity of clofazimine against mycobacterium intracellulare

Abstract The interaction of clofazimine with M. intracellulare was studied using the in vitro dialysis model and the membrane filtration technique. With the in vitro model, clofazimine when it was inside the bag at 3 pg/ml or more exerted a bactericidal action within 6 days. On the other hand, when the drug concentration in the outside medium was gradually raised from 1 μg/ml to 3 μg/ml over a period of 5 days, it produced only a bacteriostatic effect. Using the membrane filter technique, exposure of M. intracellulare to 1 μg/ml of clofazimine for 24 and 48 hours induced lag periods of 24 and 168 hours respectively.
UBIQUINONE IN RESPIRATION-DEFICIENT MUTANTS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE.

A respiration-deficient mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced by acriflavin treatment was assayed for ubiquinone content. The ubiquinone content of aerobically cultured cells of the mutant ranged from 15to115 of that of the normal yeasts, whereas the anaerobically grown mutant contained considerably less ubiquinone than the aerobically grown mutant cells. Aeration of anaerobically grown respiration-deficient mutant cells increased the concentration of ubiquinone to the level of the aerobically grown mutant.
The behaviour of three weighted least squares estimators for structured means analysis with non‐normal Likert variables

A Monte Carlo framework is employed to examine the effects of non-normality on three weighted least squares estimators for structured means analysis of Likert scaled variables. The GLS estimator is compared to Browne's (1984) ADF estimator for structured means (Muthen, 1989), and to the CVM estimator (Muthen, 1984) for a severely skewed case. Results show severe lack of robustness for the GLS chi-square test, not found for ADF. Factor mean estimate bias is virtually non-existent for both estimators, but some sampling variability bias was found for GLS and ADF with ADF performing slightly worse. The CVM estimator performs similar to ADF with respect to chi-square and better than ADF with respect to sampling variability. Some problems of weight matrix calculations are noted. A discussion of the problem of mean and covariance structure distortion is discussed, and a case where such distortion exists is studied. Results lead to the conclusion that CVM may be the preferred estimator for structured means analysis of categorical variables.
The group as an influencing agent in a forced compliance paradigm

Abstract The forced compliance paradigm was extrapolated to a group setting. Two theoretically relevant variables were manipulated: the attractiveness of the group, and whether the group induced the subject to comply with its wishes. In all cases the subject disagreed with the group on an important issue. The two hypotheses, derived from dissonance theory, were supported: (1) when the subject knew only that the group disagreed with him, then the more attractive the group, the more the subject was influenced by it; (2) when the subject was induced to comply with the group's wishes, then the more attractive the group the less the influence.
Do courtship-violent men have characteristics associated with a “Battering Personality”?

Three studies explored the presence of characteristics associated with “battering personalities” in courtship-violent college men. These characteristics were derived from “Signs to Look for in a Battering Personality” developed in Fayetteville, AR, to describe wife-batterers. In the first study, two questions measured aggression. In the second and third study, Straus's (1979) Conflict Tactics Scale was also used. Attitudes toward Women (Spence et al., 1973) were measured in the first two studies. Sexual aggression (Koss et al., 1987) was measured in the third investigation. Univariate ANOVAs in all three studies showed that many of the characteristics associated with wife-battering men were also associated with college men who admitted to engaging in low-level courtship violence. However, stepwise discriminant analyses showed that two variables, threats and verbal abuse, were the most predictive of courtship violence in college men. Additional notable associations were found between the use of playful force during sex and self-reported sudden mood swings and/or a quick temper and courtship violence.
Narrative and psychiatry

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The study of narrative has become increasingly important in the humanities and social sciences and there is a growing use of narrative in the clinical domains of medicine and psychotherapy. Narrative psychiatry is also on the rise and promises to help psychiatry be responsive to increasing critical concerns from inside and outside the field. RECENT FINDINGS: The field of narrative is vast and cuts across a variety of disciplines. Contemporary scholars in narrative medicine build on 30 years of work in medical humanities and bioethics to rigorously understand human variables in medicine and to improve physician empathy. Narrative psychotherapists have developed a new model of psychotherapy and a meta-narrative theory of diverse mental health interventions. Psychiatrists have picked up these insights and are finding them invaluable for navigating contemporary issues in psychiatry. SUMMARY: Narrative theory has become important in the humanities, social sciences, medicine, and psychotherapy for understanding human meaning making. Increasingly, the tools of narrative are proving valuable for psychiatry as well. Narrative psychiatry does not negate or supersede other knowledge and research in psychiatry, but it can help psychiatry understand how people use psychiatric knowledge, among other cultural resources, for making sense of psychic difficulties and psychic differences.
Effect of boundary conditions on the finite-size transverse Ising model.

The influence of boundary conditions on the weak coupling behavior of the mass gap of the (1+1)-dimensional Ising model on a finite chain is analyzed by random walk and perturbation theoretic arguments. The behavior with lattice size found in recent numerical calculations is recovered.
Designing an improved photonic crystal waveguide termination by topology optimization

Photonic crystal structures are of great practical interest because they allow light to be strongly confined and manipulated at scales on the order of one wavelength. Useful photonic crystal devices have been demonstrated, but these structures can be improved upon by using better simulation tools. Topology optimization is presented here as one approach for designing improved photonic crystal structures. Topology optimization is a numerical technique that uses nonlinear programming techniques and design sensitivity analysis by the finite element method to calculate improved photonic crystal structures. The general technique is outlined, and the case of a waveguide termination in a square lattice rods-in-air photonic crystal is demonstrated. A compact waveguide termination is designed that shows a fivefold increase in power incident upon a target area over a simple termination.
Detailed kinetic modeling of soot formation in ethylene/air mixtures reacting in a perfectly stirred reactor

A series of perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) calculations has been performed that allow the comparison of numerical predictions for sooting trends in PSRs with those observed in experiments. A detailed chemical kinetics model for soot production is employed that has been extensively tested for laminar flames. The chemical kinetics model is used without any adjustments. The PSR code Aurora that is a CHEMKIN III application has been modified considerably to incorporate the method of moments. Gas-phase and surface reactions are rigorously coupled in the model. Predicted sooting characteristics are consistent with behavior observed experimentally for premixed laminar flames and well-stirred reactors. Specifically, soot volume fraction exhibited the same qualitative behavior with equivalence ratio, temperature, and pressure as observed for flames. Concentration profile shapes were consistent with profile shapes measured for flames as well. The model also predicts soot threshold values and the relationship of soot volume fraction with temperature and equivalence ratio that has been observed experimentally for well-stirred reactors. Under the conditions of the present investigation, soot formation dynamics was dominated by nucleation. The temperature dependence of surface reaction rates revealed the importance of the HACA mechanism (H-abstraction-C 2 H 2 addition reaction sequence) in surface growth. Under PSR conditions, coupling the gasphase and surface chemistry is significant with the degree of coupling increasing with pressure.
1077 NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIAL (NTM) PULMONARY DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD EXPANDED SPECTRUM BASED UPON DIFFERENTIAL SKIN TEST REACTIVITY

1077 NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIAL (NTM) PULMONARY DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD EXPANDED SPECTRUM BASED UPON DIFFERENTIAL SKIN TEST REACTIVITY
Considerations for storm-water outfalls off exposed coasts

There is a worldwide movement for coastal municipalities in developed countries to replace whole series of storm drains with far fewer storm-water outfalls that discharge well offshore. Such an extended-length pipe, passing into the surf zone along an exposed coastline, is far from easy to plan, support with data, design, install, and operate. This paper is intended to school drainage engineers in these matters.
The 4-S modification of the Roeder knot: how to tie it.

Abstract Background: The 4-S modification of the Roeder knot may be tied laparoscopically as a single-throw knot. Technique: It is tied by adding a fourth wrap around the suture loop and securing the loop in place with a square knot rather than a single half-hitch. Experience: We have used this knot in laparoscopic surgeries for more than 2 years and have not observed knot slippage. Conclusion: This modification results in a knot comparable in strength to the strongest laparoscopic multiple-throw square knots.
Physicians and Patients in Transition

Despite growing consumerism and skepticism about authority in the culture as a whole, most patients continue to be pliant. If there is a serious threat to physician autonomy, it is more likely to come from third-party payers and new forms of medical practice, particularly the rise of for-profit hospital chains, than from patients. Though physicians are restless, they will learn to adapt to the new conditions of practice.
Commitment during stenotele differentiation in Hydra is localized near the S/G2 boundary in the terminal cell cycle☆

The timing of commitment during stenotele differentiation in Hydra was determined. Regeneration of isolated distal regions of the body column induces stenotele differentiation. The kinetics of appearance of committed stenotele precursors was determined in such regenerating pieces. Using [3H]thymidine labeling and hydroxyurea sensitivity, the G1/S and the S/G2 boundaries of the precursor population was also determined. Comparison of these results indicates that stenotele commitment is localized near the S/G2 boundary in the terminal cell cycle of nests of precursor cells.
Static Axially Symmetric Gravitational Fields

One of the major problems in understanding solutions of the gravitational field equations is to determine the physical meaning of the coordinates involved. In particular, for the Weyl solutions if the standard coordinate descriptions are used, then physical interpretation becomes difficult. A means of interpreting the Weyl coordinates for static axially symmetric metrics is presented which allows a reasonable physical interpretation of any given Weyl metric.
Benchmarking the Lean Enterprise: Organizational Learning at Work

Following the success of the Toyota Production System in the world of automotive manufacturing, the new business philosophy of the \Ilean enterprise\N is gaining ground in that industry and in many others, among them construction; it appears to be positioned well to replace nearly a century of conventional or mass production practices. This study investigates the use of benchmarking in transforming a conventional organization into a lean enterprise. In this transformation, the management of knowledge and the practice of continuous learning and improvement figure prominently. From the perspective of benchmarking as a learning tool designed to reduce uncertainty in the organizational environment by reference to peer experience, the study distinguishes various forms of benchmarking and then addresses issues in knowledge management, information seeking and use, the diffusion of innovations, resistance to change, benchmarking strategies and practices, and benchmarking teams and protocols, concluding with a critique of its limitations.
Predicting embedding strength in audio steganography

As a serious concern of information security, steganography provides a covert communication channel for cyber-terrorism and cyber-crime. The widespread use enables MP3 compressed audio to become an excellent carrier for audio steganography on the Internet. Since embedding capacity is an important measure to evaluate the performance of steganographic systems, and embedding ratio is commonly used when comparing the accuracy of different steganalysis algorithms. In this paper, we present a scheme to predict embedding strength based on feature mining in MDCT transform domain. We generate reference signals by reversing and repeating quantification process, and derive the reference based accumulative features from the difference between source signal and reference signal. Finally, a dynamic evolving neuron-fuzzy inference system is applied to predict embedding strength of MP3 compressed audio. Experimental results show that our approach obtains good prediction of the embedding strength in the steganograms.
CPS Operations and Risk Assessment in Child Abuse Cases Receiving Services: Initial Findings from the Pittsburgh Service Delivery Study

The Pittsburgh Service Delivery Study (PSDS) documents the service delivery experiences and outcomes of 90 families referred to Child Protective Services (CPS) following allegations of child physical or sexual abuse. In addition to describing the sample and methods, this article examines the psychometric characteristics of CPS caseworkers' risk assessment and subgroup differences in risk parameters. Findings revealed variability in the timeliness of worker decisions and good correspondence between sources for abuse classification. Risk assessment reports for a subset of cases were virtually unrelated to selected clinical functioning measures. Several risk parameters differentiated physically and sexually abusive families, which, collectively, correctly classified most of the cases. The findings provide a basis for understanding some of the operations of CPS and their role in the service delivery system. Language: en