cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relative biological effectiveness of 103Pd and 125I photons for continuous low-dose-rate irradiation of Chinese hamster cells.

Abstract Nath, R., Bongiorni, P., Chen, Z., Gragnano, J. and Rockwell, S. Relative Biological Effectiveness of 103Pd and 125I Photons for Continuous Low-Dose-Rate Irradiation of Chinese Hamster Cells. Radiat. Res. 163, 501–509 (2005). Monolayers of Chinese hamster lung cells (CCL-16) in a polystyrene phantom were irradiated in vitro by 103Pd and 125I sources at dose rates of 6 to 72 cGy/h. Cell survival curves for acute high-dose-rate irradiation (over 30 Gy/h) were also measured using nearly monoenergetic X-ray beams which were designed to simulate the mean energies of photons emitted by 125I and 103Pd and also using a clinical 250 kVp X-ray beam. A profound dose-rate effect is observed over the dose-rate range of 6 to 20 cGy/h. An inverse dose-rate effect was observed for both radionuclides, with its onset occurring at a dose rate of about 20–30 cGy/h. The average RBE of 103Pd relative to 125I was determined to be 1.45 ± 0.07, 1.41 ± 0.07, 0.70 ± 0.07 and 1.49 ± 0.07 at dose rates of 6.9, 12.6, 19.0 and...
Fast-Ion Conduction and Disorder in Cation and Anion Arrays in Y 2 ( Zr y Ti 1−y ) 2 O 7 Pyrochlores Induced by Zr Substitution: a Neutron Rietveld Analysis

Structural refinements have been carried out on the Y2(ZryTi1−y)2O7 system for increasing amounts of Zr substitution. The structure changes from an ordered pyrochlore structure (superstructure of the fluorite structure) to an anion-deficient fluorite structure. Separate processes govern the disordering of the cation and anion arrays. In particular, the anions begin to disorder at lower values of y than the cations. For intermediate compositions, a minor amount of fluorite phase coexists with the primary partially-disordered pyrochlore phase.
Guidelines proposal for undergraduate software engineering education

A body of knowledge for undergraduate software engineering will contribute to the ability to define software engineering curricula and professional registration and/or certification guidelines. The process for defining a body of knowledge has already begun through the efforts of dedicated professionals creating software engineering degree programs and promoting professional licensing of software engineers. These efforts are resulting in a synergism that is driving the formation of a document defining the software engineering body of knowledge. This paper describes a grass roots effort to motivate the formation of a body of knowledge document by starting the process of considering the knowledge units for software engineering. The knowledge units (Core, Foundations, Recurring, and Supporting), as presented here, are formulated by an international group of academic and industrial professionals known as the Working Group on Software Engineering Education and Training which seeks to promote efforts and works for software engineering education and training. The paper is meant to provide a forum for consideration of software engineering knowledge units for an undergraduate software engineering curriculum among interested professionals and to obtain their feedback.
Oxidative stress does not modulate metabolic rate or skeletal muscle sympathetic activity with primary aging in adult humans.

Support of resting metabolic rate (RMR) by the β-adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system is attenuated with age and contributes to declines in RMR. This may be mediated by an age-associated increase in oxidative stress that can suppress β-adrenergic responsiveness and/or modulate sympathetic activity. To address these issues, RMR was determined in 12 young (23 ± 1 yr, mean ± se) and 21 older (68 ± 3 yr) adults before and during systemic infusion of ascorbic acid [bolus, 0.06 g/kg fat free mass (FFM); drip, 0.02]. Ascorbic acid increased plasma concentrations similarly in young (72 ± 5 to 1107 ± 114 μmol/liter) and older (70 ± 6 to 1022 ± 63 μmol/liter) adults, and reduced (P = 0.001) plasma concentrations of isoprostanes (young, −82.8 ± 47; older, −107 ± 29 pg/ml). Baseline RMRFFM was lower (5719 ± 215 vs. 6703 ± 328 kJ/d; P = 0.001) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was greater (MSNA, 28 ± 2 vs. 23 ± 3 bursts/min; P < 0.05) in older compared with young. However, neither RMRFFM (...
Determining Dust and Trash Contents of Cottons with the Cotton Particulates Analyzer: Part I: Development of Equations Relating Dust and Trash Fractions

Separate algebraic relationships were established between coarse and respirable dust fractions and trash and respirable dust fractions from gravimetric measurements made with the cotton particulates analyzer, CPA, on multiple cleaning passes for each of two ginned cottons. One cotton had a low and the second a high trash content. Each set of these equations could be combined into a generalized equation for both cottons. CPA gravimetric data were compared with other methods for measuring dust and trash in cotton. Multiple cleaning passes of a low trash cotton were used to find re lationships between CPA and Shirley analyzer lint and trash fraction gravirrietric data. The relationship between CPA respirable dust and trash fractions will be used in Part II of this series to evaluate other methods of measuring dust and trash in ginned cottons.
Study of bulk and elementary screw dislocation assisted reverse breakdown in low-voltage (<250 V) 4H-SiC p/sup +/-n junction diodes. I. DC properties

Given the high-density (/spl sim/10/sup 4/ cm/sup -2/) of elementary screw dislocations (Burgers vector=1c with no hollow core) in commercial SiC wafers and epilayers, all large current (>1 A) SiC power devices will likely contain elementary screw dislocations for the foreseeable future. It is therefore important to ascertain the electrical impact of these defects, particularly in high-field vertical power device topologies where SiC is expected to enable large performance improvements in solid-state high-power systems. This paper compares the dc-measured reverse-breakdown characteristics of low-voltage (<250 V) small-area (<5/spl times/10/sup -4/ cm/sup 2/) 4H-SiC p/sup +/-n diodes with and without elementary screw dislocations. Diodes containing elementary screw dislocations exhibited higher pre-breakdown reverse leakage currents, softer reverse breakdown current-voltage (I-V) knees, and highly localized microplasmic breakdown current filaments compared to screw dislocation-free devices. The observed localized 4H-SiC breakdown parallels microplasmic breakdown observed in silicon and other semiconductors, in which space-charge effects limit current conduction through the local microplasma as reverse bias is increased.
Trials of arsenic trioxide in multiple myeloma.

Background Several reports on the use of arsenic trioxide (ATO), mainly in acute promyelocytic leukemia, have led to a renewed interest in ATO in the management of malignancies, especially those of hematologic origin such as multiple myeloma (MM). MM remains an incurable disease, with median survival rates of 4-6 years. Thus, newer treatments with good safety profiles are needed to improve the quality of responses, prolong progression, and increase overall survival. Method The current state of the art regarding the role of ATO in the management of MM and the rationale for this consideration is reviewed. Results Preclinical evidence suggests that one of the mechanisms in which ATO exerts its antimyeloma effect is by immunologic mechanisms. One such mechanism appears to be achieved by a marked increase in lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)-mediated killing and up-modulation of CD38 and CD54, two molecules involved in cell-cell interactions. Two phase II trials have shown that the drug appears to be clinically effective. Conclusions With the improved understanding of the interaction between the myeloma cell and its microenvironment as well as the cytokine support system, it does not appear than any particular agent will be able to control the disease permanently. In the clinical arena, the next generation of studies will be designed to combine different molecules to take advantage of non-overlapping toxicities and to compromise the extensive and redundant myeloma support system, thus controlling the disease in a chronic phase.
A tRNA circularization assay: Evidence for the variation of the conformation of the CCA end

The CCA end is common to all tRNAs as the universal site for amino acid attachment+ It is also conserved in the 39-terminal tRNA-like structure of viral genomes that can be aminoacylated by an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (Florentz & Giege, 1995)+ During aminoacylation, the CCA end enters the catalytic center of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and provides the site for chemistry to take place+ The CCA end is also widely used in replication of retroviruses, the bacterial singlestranded RNA viruses, and duplex DNA plasmids of fungal mitochondria+ During replication, the CCA end interacts with the template-specificity domain of reverse transcriptase or replicase and provides the initiation site for primer binding and extension (Maizels & Weiner, 1994)+ The importance of the CCA end in translation and in replication suggests that its conformation will play a role in these two fundamental processes+ Previous studies indicate that the N73 nucleotide and aC 1 :A72 mismatch have the ability to manipulate the conformation of the CCA end+ An NMR analysis of tRNA acceptor stems (Puglisi et al+, 1994) showed that the CCA end preceded by an A73 nucleotide has an extended conformation, whereas that preceded by a U73 has a fold-back structure+ The fold-back structure of the CCA end brings the terminal A76 adjacent to the 59 side of the acceptor stem and may be stabilized by a weak hydrogen bond between A76 and U73+ The folded CCA end is also found in the crystal structure of the Escherichia coli initiator tRNA fMet which, despite having an A73, carries an unusual C1:A72 mismatch that is thought to contribute to the fold-back of the CCA end (Schevitz et al+, 1979; Woo et al+, 1980; Ferguson & Yang, 1986; Pscheidt & Wells, 1986)+ In tRNA fMet ,
Modular Equations of Degrees 3, 5, and 7 and Associated Theta-Function Identities

In several ways, this is a remarkable chapter. Not only are the results enormously interesting and often difficult to prove, but many questions arise in regard to Ramanujan’s methods of proof. Undoubtedly, many of the proofs given here are quite unlike those found by Ramanujan. He evidently possessed methods that we have been unable to discern. No hints whatsoever of his methods are provided by Ramanujan.
Moving High-Field Domains

High-field domains that remain attached to one electrode are stationary. Under a large variety of circumstances they separate from the electrode and move through the crystal. Such moving high-field domains can have significant technical importance, e.g., as the Gunn domain. Others can be helpful to identify parameter relations of a specific device, and still others may be used for demonstration or simply as estetical display. Unfortunately, some of these domain instabilities also produce disturbing electronic, mostly low frequency noise. In general, a solid understanding of the conditions that lead to such moving or unstable domains is essential for many devices that operate at high electric fields.
Robust Stimulation of W1282X-CFTR Channel Activity by a Combination of Allosteric Modulators.

W1282X is a common nonsense mutation among cystic fibrosis patients that results in the production of a truncated Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel. Here we show that the channel activity of the W1282X-CFTR polypeptide is exceptionally low in excised membrane patches at normally saturating doses of ATP and PKA (single channel open probability (PO) 0.9) when treated with both modulators. VX-770 and curcumin also additively stimulated W1282X-CFTR mediated currents in polarized FRT epithelial monolayers. In this setting, however, the stimulated W1282X-CFTR currents were smaller than those mediated by wild type CFTR (3–5%) due presumably to lower expression levels or cell surface targeting of the truncated protein. Combining allosteric modulators of different mechanistic classes is worth considering as a treatment option for W1282X CF patients perhaps when coupled with maneuvers to increase expression of the truncated protein.
Streamlined Process for Assessment of Conceptual Exploration Architectures for Informed Design (SPACE-AID)

NASA is in the early phases of a refocusing activity to, over the next two decades, engender the next chapter of manned space exploration. The plan calls for near-term exploration and basing at the moon with far-term exploration of Mars. To assist in directing the higher fidelity systems assessment activities, SAIC has developed the Streamlined Process for Assessment of Conceptual Exploration Architectures for Informed Design (SPACE-AID). The SPACE-AID process evaluates campaign-level figures of merit (FOMs) within the context of a long-duration lunar campaign in a comparative manner. It takes objective campaign-level factors such as the number of missions, the initial mass to orbit (IMLEO) of each mission, the number of flights per mission phase, the number of reusable elements, and the degree of sparing and replacement capability, along with subjective factors such as mission value, and using a heuristic knowledge-based process addresses the FOMs of Safety and Mission Success, Effectiveness, and Affordability against a baseline campaign with pre-determined absolute values for these FOMs. This paper presents a summary of the SPACE-AID methodology, and shows some representative trades that may be conducting using this model.
Can Production Precede Comprehension in L2 Acquisition

So far, the comprehension and production language modes have typically been studied separately in generative second language acquisition research, with the focus shifting from one to the other. Thi...
Molecular conformations of crystalline L-cysteine determined with vibrational cross angle measurements.

The molecular conformations of crystalline l-cysteine prepared in its orthorhombic form were determined by the vibrational cross angle measurements. Its major dihedral angles of chemical bonds determined by this method are consistent with the results from diffraction experiments. In addition, the relative orientations of the chemical bonds associated with the hydrogen atoms of the NH3+ group and the thiol group are also determined. The results demonstrate that the vibrational cross angle method based on the multiple-mode approach can potentially become a structural tool for determining molecular conformations. The major challenges for the method to become a general molecular structural tool are discussed, and some approaches to address them are proposed.
Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Spatially and Temporally Shaped Femtosecond Laser Pulses: Post-Irradiation Auto-Reduction of Aqueous [AuCl4]−

Simultaneous spatiotemporal focusing (SSTF) of femtosecond laser radiation is used to produce gold nanoparticles from aqueous [AuCl4]− solutions. Multiphoton ionization and dissociation of water produces electrons and hydrogen atoms for the reduction of [AuCl4]− to Au(0) during irradiation with the temporally chirped (36 ps) pulse and produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a long-lived reducing agent which persists after irradiation is terminated. Aqueous H2O2 is found to reduce [AuCl4]−, remaining in solution after the laser irradiation is terminated, leading to growth and transformation of the existing Au(0) species. The highly efficient postirradiation reduction of [AuCl4]− to Au(0) by H2O2 is ascribed to reactions occurring on gold nanoparticle surfaces. In the absence of added surfactant, the negatively charged gold particles formed during irradiation are a complex mixture of irregularly shaped and spherical morphologies that are only metastable as aqueous dispersions. These particles become transforme...
Impact of age on incidence and prevalence of moderate-to-severe cellular rejection detected by routine surveillance biopsy in pediatric heart transplantation.

Background The effect of age at transplant on rejection detected by routine surveillance biopsy (RSB) in pediatric heart transplant (HT) recipients is unknown. We hypothesized there would be low diagnostic yield and decreased prevalence of rejection detected on RSB in infants (age Methods We utilized Pediatric Heart Transplant Study (PHTS) data from 2010 to 2013 to analyze moderate-to-severe (ISHLT Grade 2R/3R) cellular rejection (MSR) detected only on RSB (RSBMSR). Results RSB detected 280 of 343 (81.6%) episodes of MSR. RSBMSR was detected in all age groups even >5 years after HT. Infant RSBMSR had a greater proportion ( p = 0.0025) occurring >5 years after HT (39.2 vs 18.4 vs 10.8%) and a lower proportion ( p = 0.0009) occurring in the first year after HT (25.5 vs 60.6 vs 51.7%) compared with children and adolescents, respectively. Freedom from RSBMSR was 87 ± 7% in infants, 76 ± 6% in children and 73 ± 7% in adolescents 4 years after HT. In 1-year survivors who had RSBMSR in the first year after HT, the risk of RSBMSR occurring in Years 2 to 4 was significantly ( p Conclusions RSBMSR exists in all age groups after pediatric HT with long-term follow-up. The prevalence in infant recipients is highest >5 years after HT. Those with RSBMSR in the first year after HT are at a high risk for recurrent rejection regardless of age at HT.
The changes of succinate dehydrogenase activity in the apoptotic and necrotic outer hair cells following impulse noise exposure

Objective To examine the changes of mitochondrial function in the noise-induced apoptotic and necrotic outer hair cells(OHCs). Methods Chinchillas were exposed to 75 pairs of impulse noise(1 second interval between each pair) at 155 dB pSPL. Five hours after the noise exposure, the cochleae were harvested. Mitochondria energetic function, succinate dehydrogenase(SDH) activity, in the hair cells(HCs) of cochleae was evaluated with a colorimetric assay using blue tetrazolium(NBT) monosodium salt. The SDH-labeled organs of Corti were double stained with propidium iodide(PI), a DNA intercalating fluorescent probe used to visualize the morphologic viability of hair cell nuclei. All the specimens were observed with a microscope with bright field for SDH staining or epifluorescence illumination for PI labeling. Results SDH staining appears around the OHCs showing nuclear condensation, a sign of apoptosis. The OHCs with the nuclear swelling, a sign of necrosis, lack SDH staining. Conclusion The result of the study indicates that energetic function of mitochondria is preserved in the course of the apoptotic process, but seriously damaged in the course of the necrotic process.
Sterilization quality in medical institutions of Liaocheng during 2007-2009

OBJECTIVE To know about the sterilization effect in medical institutions of Liaocheng during 2007-2009.METHODS The specimens were collected in 9 medical institutions,including hospital sterilization equipment,being used disinfectants,surface,medical staff hand and indoor air.RESULTS A total of 2270 specimens was collected,1786 specienkns were qualified with a proportion of 78.7%;And the qualified rate was 75.5%,77.5%,and 83.0% every year respectively.The being used disinfectants showed the highest qualified rate,accounting for 99.7%;Sterilization equipment was the second satisfied with a result of 99.1%;The qualified rate was the poorest of indoor air,reaching just 67.4%;Medical staff hand was the second poor,accounting for 78.1%;The qualified rate of surface was 97.6%.The qualified rate of village and township hospitals and municipal hospitals was 63.6% and 82.8%,where a significant difference was showed(P0.05).The qualified rate of supply room,operating room,ICU,delivery room,hemodialysis room,and other departments were 82.8%,82.5%,73.3%,78.6%,74.4%,80.4%,and 78.7%,respectively,with no significance compared with each other(P0.05).CONCLUSION The qualified rate of the overall sterilization monitoring effect is higher in the 3 years in Liaocheng,but the status of indoor air and medical staff hand are relatively poor,and the management and monitoring for indoor air and hand hygiene should be strengthened.
Man-machine productivity of dishwashing operations in hospitals.

Machine and labor time requirements for dishwashing operations in hospitals of different sizes were investigated. The results may serve as a comparison for those concerned with forecasting and control of labor.
La afirmación de un Panamá extrovertido en las narrativas de Angel Ricardo Martínez y Ramón Francisco Jurado

Aspectos que descuellan en la narrativa contemporanea panamena proponen, como nuevas tendencias, dejar atras ciertas convicciones tematicas ya que se desea no tan lo superar algunos de los conceptos trabajados, sino avanzar hacia otros desmontajes textuales. Con el proposito de anadir a las ideas precedentes, no de enmendarlas, se sugeriria que una vez que se expandieran los horizontes narrativos y se lograra una madurez literaria, el siguiente paso deberia ser el indagar, con igual rasero, que se podria lograr despues. Es en este punto donde una lectura extrovertida de los espacios geograficos en cuestion, expuestos por Angel Ricardo Martinez, en De Marruecos a Kenia. Cronicas de un panameno en Africa (2013) y Ramon Francisco Jurado, en Impulsos talionicos (2013), pudiera arrojar nuevas posibilidades interpretativas. Esta propuesta genera, ademas, un acercamiento discursivo a los estudios transatlanticos y logra asi una satisfactoria interseccion en los textos analizados.
TU‐FG‐209‐01: A Model of Noise Anisotropy in Amorphous Selenium Digital Detectors

Purpose: One of the main advantages of amorphous selenium (a-Se) photoconductors is high spatial resolution. It has also been shown that the noise power spectra (NPS) is effectively white (frequency-independent) at various angles of x-ray incidence. One limitation of previous studies on NPS is that the effect of digitization has not been modeled. This work demonstrates that the NPS becomes colored (frequency-dependent) once digitization is taken into account. Methods: A mammography system is modeled by tracing rays between the focal spot and the detector. At each point on the entrance surface of a-Se, the path length of the ray through the thickness of a-Se is determined. The PSF is calculated from first principles based on the existence of ionizations at each point along the path length. To model the effect of digitization, the PSF is convolved with a product of rectangle functions. The NPS is then calculated from the discrete Fourier Transform of the autocovariance of the digitized PSF. Results: At the midpoint of the chest wall, the angle of x-ray incidence is normal to the detector. It is demonstrated that the NPS is white at this position, as expected. The angle of incidence becomes oblique with increasing distance from the midpoint of the chest wall. At these positions, the NPS decreases up to the alias frequency, and becomes increasingly colored as the angle of incidence deviates more considerably from the normal. In addition, the NPS is found to be orientation-dependent. Specifically, the NPS is colored along the direction of the incident ray, but is white along the direction perpendicular to the incident ray. Conclusion: It is demonstrated that oblique x-ray incidence yields cross talk between detector elements. Hence, although the NPS of the a-Se photoconductor is white, the NPS of the digital image is colored. Support for Raymond Joseph Acciavatti was provided by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Grant PDF14302589 from Susan G. Komen. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agency.
Heat management strategies for MSW landfills.

Abstract Heat is a primary byproduct of landfilling of municipal solid waste. Long-term elevated temperatures have been reported for MSW landfills under different operational conditions and climatic regions around the world. A conceptual framework is presented for management of the heat generated in MSW landfills. Three main strategies are outlined: extraction, regulation, and supplementation. Heat extraction allows for beneficial use of the excess landfill heat as an alternative energy source. Two approaches are provided for the extraction strategy: extracting all of the excess heat above baseline equilibrium conditions in a landfill and extracting only a part of the excess heat above equilibrium conditions to obtain target optimum waste temperatures for maximum gas generation. Heat regulation allows for controlling the waste temperatures to achieve uniform distribution at target levels at a landfill facility. Two approaches are provided for the regulation strategy: redistributing the excess heat across a landfill to obtain uniform target optimum waste temperatures for maximum gas generation and redistributing the excess heat across a landfill to obtain specific target temperatures. Heat supplementation allows for controlling heat generation using external thermal energy sources to achieve target waste temperatures. Two approaches are provided for the supplementation strategy: adding heat to the waste mass using an external energy source to increase waste temperatures and cooling the waste mass using an external energy source to decrease waste temperatures. For all strategies, available landfill heat energy is determined based on the difference between the waste temperatures and the target temperatures. Example analyses using data from landfill facilities with relatively low and high heat generation indicated thermal energy in the range of −48.4 to 72.4 MJ/m3 available for heat management. Further modeling and experimental analyses are needed to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of design, installation, and operation of heat management systems in MSW landfills.
Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance

Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia are common in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Single-center studies initially showed impressive benefits to intensive control of serum glucose levels, but this benefit has failed to be replicated in most larger trials. The increased incidence of hypoglycemia in the intensive control arms of these trials may have contributed to lack of benefit. Hypoglycemia itself is an independent risk factor for ICU mortality. Most specialty societies recommend maintaining serum glucose between 140 and 180 mg/dl in critically ill patients. Samples obtained from capillaries and those analyzed on hand-held point of care monitors are less accurate than centrally obtained samples. The development of continuous glucose monitoring and closed-loop delivery systems may eventually decrease the nursing workload associated with intensive glucose control.
Analisis Fatwa : Fatwa Bone China daripada Perspektif Hukum Islam

Bone china adalah produk porselin yang mengandungi abu tulang, kaolin, dan Cornish Stone. Campuran ketiga-tiga bahan ini menghasilkan Bone china yang amat berkualiti. Adanya abu tulang haiwan dalam produk Bone china menimbulkan keraguan masyarakat Islam terhadap kehalalan penggunaannya. Produk-produk yang berasaskan haiwan sememangnya banyak menimbulkan keraguan. Hal ini kerana ia bersangkutan kepada dua perkara yang utama iaitu jenis haiwan yang disembelih dan cara penyembelihan haiwan tersebut. Penyelidikan ini menghuraikan konsep Bone china, proses-proses pembuatannya secara terperinci, dan lebih pentingnya membincangkan kaedah-kaedah syarak yang sesuai diguna pakai dalam penentuan hukum ke atas penggunaan Bone china. Kajian ini juga seterusnya merumuskan hukum yang bersesuaian terhadap isu-isu penggunaan Bone china berasaskan kepada prinsip-prinsip hukum syarak. Untuk mencapai objektif kajian ini, metodologi kajian yang telah digunakan hasil daripada kajian perpustakaan adalah metode dokumentasi dan metode historis. Tambahan itu juga, kajian ini menggunakan kajian lapangan iaitu metode temubual dan observasi, serta analisis data menggunakan metode induktif dan deduktif. Hasilnya, hukum penggunaan Bone china dapat dirumuskan berpandukan dua pandangan utama. Pandangan pertama, mazhab Hanafi dan mazhab Maliki mengharuskan penggunaan Bone china bagi pengguna-pengguna Islam kerana mereka menerima kaedah istihalah sebagai instrument penyucian dalam Islam. Namun demikian, menurut pandangan kedua, yakni pandangan yang didominasi oleh mazhab Syafii dan Hanbali, keduanya tidak mengharuskan penggunaan Bone China. Ini kerana mereka menganggap tidak berlaku istihalah dalam penghasilan Bone China. Kata kunci: Bone china, Istihalah, Fatwa, Hukum
Revolution with a Human Face: Politics, Culture, and Community in Czechoslovakia, 1989–1992

In Revolution with a Human Face, James Krapfl delivers a well-researched and nuanced study of the revolution of November 1989 in Czechoslovakia and its immediate aftermath. In the introduction, Kra...
Communication in Organizations

This article focuses on the study of organizational communication, which is a dominant subarea of communication scholarship as recognized by the National Communication Association (NCA) and the International Communication Association (ICA). Because communication, and organizational communication as a subarea, is multiperspectival, this article first defines communication and then organizational communication. Next, the article describes the philosophical perspectives of organizational communication. The next section points to specific areas of individual-, dyadic-, group-, and organizational-level communication research in which communication and organizational psychology and organizational behavior (OPOB) share similar interests. The article concludes by describing practical implications of this area of scholarship (i.e., what can organizations and individuals do with the findings of organizational communication scholarship) and by identifying promising areas of organizational communication study.
Motivation gains on divisible conjunctive group tasks

Two studies examined the effort that participants expended on a challenging physical persistence activity when that activity was a critical part of a divisible conjunctive task performed by two peo...
Identification of the Tolfenamic Acid Binding Pocket in PrbP from Liberibacter asiaticus.

In Liberibacter asiaticus, PrbP is an important transcriptional accessory protein that was found to regulate gene expression through interactions with the RNA polymerase β-subunit and a specific sequence on the promoter region. It was found that inactivation of PrbP, using the inhibitor tolfenamic acid, resulted in a significant decrease in the overall transcriptional activity of L. asiaticus, and the suppression of L. asiaticus infection in HLB symptomatic citrus seedlings. The molecular interactions between PrbP and tolfenamic acid, however, were yet to be elucidated. In this study, we modeled the structure of PrbP and identified a ligand binding pocket, TaP, located at the interface of the predicted RNA polymerase interaction domain (N-terminus) and the DNA binding domain (C-terminus). The molecular interactions of PrbP with tolfenamic acid were predicted using in silico docking. Site-directed mutagenesis of specific amino acids was followed by electrophoresis mobility shift assays and in vitro transcription assays, where residues N107, G109 and E148 were identified as the primary amino acids involved in interactions with tolfenamic acid. These results provide insight into the binding mechanism of PrbP to a small inhibitory molecule, and a starting scaffold for the identification and development of therapeutics targeting PrbP and other homologs in the CarD_CdnL_TRCF family.
Development of monoclonal antibodies against bovine mucin core 2 β6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase

Molecular cloning techniques have been used to produce abundant amounts of recombinant glycosyltransferases for biochemical studies. We recently cloned a cDNA which encoded bovine mucin core 2 β6N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (C2TF). Poly-histidine-C2TF fusion protein was generated from the cloned cDNA in the E. coli Xpress system and used to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). We obtained seven hybridomas which secreted MAbs against bovine C2TF in mouse ascites with titers ranging from 1:1280 to 1:40960 as assessed by immunofluorescence assay (IF). Isotyping revealed that all seven MAbs were IgG (4 IgG1, 2 IgG2b and 1 IgG2a). The affinity constants (M−2) for these MAbs range from 5.4 × 107 to 1.2 × 109. These MAbs recognized bovine C2TF in tissue sections and on Western blottings. Six of these MAbs reacted with human core 2-M enzyme and one with both core 2-L and core 2-M enzymes on Western blottings. Therefore, These antibodies should be useful for further study of bovine and human core 2 enzymes.
Radioactive Slurry Transport Issues and Proposed Monitoring Equipment for the Hanford Site

Over 100 million gallons of radioactive waste is currently stored in more than 270 large underground storage tanks at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear reservations (Manke 1996). Of these tanks, 177 are located at the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State (Gephart and Lundgren, 1996). These tanks have capacities ranging from 50,000 gallons to around 1,160,000 gallons. The waste in the Hanford Site tanks primarily exists as liquids (e. g., saturated salt solutions), sludge (a mixture of water and insoluble metal oxides and hydroxides), and saltcake (moist water-soluble salts such as sodium nitrate).
Vestibular Injury After Low-Intensity Blast Exposure.

The increased use of close range explosives has led to a higher incidence of exposure to blast-related head trauma. Exposure to primary blast waves is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Active service members and civilians who have experienced blast waves report high rates of vestibular dysfunction, such as vertigo, oscillopsia, imbalance, and dizziness. Accumulating evidence suggests that exposure to blast wave trauma produces damage to both the peripheral and central vestibular system; similar to previous findings that blast exposure results in damage to auditory receptors. In the present study, mice were exposed to a 63 kPa peak blast-wave over pressure and were examined for vestibular receptor damage as well as behavioral assays to identify vestibular dysfunction. We observed perforations to the tympanic membrane in all blast animals. We also observed significant loss of stereocilia on hair cells in the cristae and maculae up to 1 month after blast-wave exposure; damage that is likely permanent. Significant reductions in the ability to perform the righting reflex and balance on a rotating rod that lasted several weeks after blast exposure were prominent behavioral effects. We also observed a significant reduction in hVOR gain and phase lags in the eye movement responses that lasted many weeks following a single blast exposure event. OKN responses were absent immediately following blast exposure, but began to return after several weeks recovery. These results show that blast-wave exposure can lead to peripheral vestibular damage (possibly central deficits as well) and provides some insight into causes of vestibular dysfunction in blast-trauma victims.
Comparison of Hand-Sewn versus Coupled Venous Anastomoses in Traumatic Lower Extremity Reconstruction

Background Microvascular reconstruction of the lower extremity has the highest reported complication and flap failure rates of any anatomical region. Despite widespread adoption of the mechanical anastomotic venous coupler and encouraging results in other anatomical regions, there are limited reports examining its use in the lower extremity. This study compares outcomes between coupled and hand-sewn venous anastomoses in traumatic lower extremity reconstruction. Methods Retrospective review of our institutional flap registry from 1979 to 2016 identified soft tissue free flaps performed for the reconstruction of Gustilo type IIIB/IIIC open tibial fractures. Patient demographics, flap characteristics, use of a venous anastomotic coupler, and perioperative outcomes were examined. Analysis was performed using chi-square and Student's t-tests. Results A total of 361 patients received a microvascular free flap for coverage of a Gustilo type IIIB or IIIC tibial fracture following traumatic injury. After excluding cases that lacked adequate information on coupler use, 358 free flaps were included in the study. There were 72 (20%) free flaps performed using a venous coupler and 286 (80%) performed with hand-sewn venous anastomoses. There were comparable rates of major complications (22.2 vs. 26.1%; p = 0.522), total flap failure (6.5%, vs. 10.2%; p = 0.362), and partial flap failure (9.7 vs. 12.2%; p = 0.579) between venous coupler and hand-sewn anastomoses, respectively. Furthermore, use of the venous coupler was not associated with increased rates of operative take backs (22.8 vs. 23.0%; p = 0.974). However, reconstructions performed using a venous coupler were significantly more likely to have a second venous anastomosis performed (37.5 vs. 21.3%; p = 0.004). Conclusion Complication and flap failure rates were similar between reconstructions performed with a venous coupler and those performed with hand-sewn venous anastomoses. These findings suggest that use of the venous anastomotic coupler is safe and effective in lower extremity reconstruction, with comparable outcomes to conventional sutured anastomoses.
Individual differences in the effectiveness of self-distancing for young children's emotion regulation.

Self-distancing has been shown to improve children's self-regulation in a variety of tasks. However, it is unknown whether this strategy is more effective for some children than others. This study investigated self-distancing in relation to individual differences in executive function (EF) and effortful control (EC). Typically developing 4- (n = 72) and 6-year-olds (n = 67) were randomly assigned to think about the self from one of four perspectives: self-immersed, control, third-person, or competent media character. Children participated in a frustrating task for up to 10 min and overt expressions of frustration were coded. Conceptually replicating prior research with adults, younger children, and children with lower EF and lower EC (independent of age) benefitted the most from self-distancing. This suggests self-distancing is especially effective during a frustrating task for children with less developed self-control, adding to a growing body of research showing self-distancing is especially effective for vulnerable individuals. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Using third-person speech and pretending to be a media character improve children's self-regulation. Age and theory of mind skills are related to the effectiveness of self-distancing. What does this study add? Self-distancing can help children regulate their emotions during an emotionally charged task. Individual differences in executive function and effortful control are related to the efficacy of self-distancing.
Tumor growth after laparotomy or laparoscopy. A preliminary study

We investigated the effects of laparotomy and insufflation on tumor establishment and growth in a murine model. Twenty female mice received intradermal inoculation of a low dose of tumor cells (2 x 10(3)) derived from the MC2 mouse mammary carcinoma cell line. Ten of these mice underwent laparotomy and ten received intraperitoneal insufflation with carbon dioxide gas at a pressure of 5 mmHg for 30 min. Tumor growth was followed postoperatively. By postoperative day 14, tumors had grown in zero of the ten insufflated mice and in seven of the ten laparotomy-group mice (P < 0.005). By postoperative day 30, tumors had grown in one of the ten insufflated mice and in eight of the ten laparotomy-group mice (P < 0.007). Ten additional mice received a high-dose inoculum of cells (1 x 10(6)) followed by either laparotomy or intraperitoneal insufflation. Upon sacrifice 12 days later, all mice had developed tumors, but the laparotomy group's tumors were almost three times as large, by mass, as tumors in the insufflated group (70.5 +/- 23.5 mg vs 25.8 +/- 9.5 mg; P < 0.02). These results suggest that laparotomy confers a permissive effect on tumor establishment and growth in a murine model not seen after peritoneal insufflation. We hypothesize that this may be a function of relative immunosuppression following laparotomy which is not present following peritoneal insufflation. These data may be important when choosing a route of access to the peritoneal cavity for cancer resection.
Different Risk Factors for Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke on Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support

Purpose Patients with end-stage heart failure on left ventricular assist devices are predisposed to stroke. Preoperative factors associated with increased stroke risk are poorly understood. Methods Single-center retrospective review of 725 patients from 2000 to 2017 who received a continuous flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) at our institution. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke . Results Mean age was 54.0±13.7 years, most patients were male 573 (79.0%), and most were implanted as a bridge to transplant 421 (58.1%) (Table 1). Of these, 118 (16.3%) patients had an ischemic stroke at a median follow-up of 128 (Range:1-4042, IQR 36-456) days. A history of diabetes was independently associated with an ischemic stroke (HR 1.7 95% CI 1.1 to 2.6, p=0.01). Hemorrhagic stroke , excluding ischemic conversions (N=16, 2.2%), occurred in 86 (11.9%) patients at a median follow up of 281 (Range:5-2436, IQR 92-698) days. Female gender (HR 1.9 95% CI 1.1 to 3.4, p=0.02) and INTERMACS class I (HR 2.2 95% CI 1.3 to 3.7, p=0.04) were independently associated with development of hemorrhagic stroke while on CF-LVAD support. Patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke had significantly lower survival compared to patients without postoperative stroke (Figure 1). Conclusion The temporal pattern and risk factor profile for ischemic stroke is distinctly different from that of hemorrhagic stroke in patients on CF-LVAD support. This may be useful in preoperative risk stratification and postoperative risk reduction.
Social Selves and Tradition: Response to Chancellor Arnie Eisen

Arnold Eisen asks how best to understand the experiences of Millennial Jews in the framework of God, Torah, and Israel. This response suggests that a focus on the unit of analysis in the study of Jewish experience is crucial. Eisen’s body of work, which vastly expanded an understanding of American Jewish life, inspires many of these approaches.
Impact of Vine Kill on Zebra Chip Severity and Incidence of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum’ in Potato Tubers

Potato zebra chip (ZC) is putatively caused by the bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso), which is transmitted by the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli Sulc. The most commonly recognized symptom of the disease is internal browning of tubers, which when sliced and fried turn dark brown, affecting marketability of fried potato products. Infection can occur at all stages of plant development, requiring multiple insecticide applications to control the vector during the season. Many growers routinely kill potato vines a few weeks prior to harvest for skin setting to minimize bruising during transit and storage that could potentially lead to rotting. The question arose as to how this practice might impact development of ZC in tubers following late-season infections. To address this question, experiments were conducted over a two-year period in which plants were infested with bacteriliferous psyllids at seven and two days before vines were killed, and two and seven days after vine kill. Tubers were harvested approximately a month later. In both years, over 85% of tubers from plants infested seven days before vine kill tested positive for Lso and developed symptoms of ZC. Symptoms of ZC also developed in an average of approximately 50% of the tubers from plants infested just two days before vine kill. However, no tubers from any of the plants infested two days or seven days after vine kill developed symptoms of ZC and Lso was not detected in any of these tubers. This study showed that infestation of potatoes with bacteriliferous psyllids as late as two days before vine kill can result in significant infection and ZC symptom development in unharvested tubers. It also highlighted the importance of late-season vector management.
Selective activation of methane CH bond in the presence of methanol

Abstract Direct methane to methanol (MTM) conversion over heterogeneous catalysts is a promising route for valorization of methane. The methane C H bond activation is considered as the key step of the MTM and is the focus of considerable research activity. However, the formed methanol typically suffers from overoxidation largely due to the cleavage of a methanol C H bond, whose bond dissociation energy is ca. 0.5 eV lower than that of the methane C H bond, which usually translates to a transition state energy of the methanol C H bond cleavage that is ca. 0.55 eV lower than that of methane whenever the reactions proceed through a radical mechanism. Here, we propose a general approach for decreasing the transition state energy difference between the CH4 and CH3OH C H bond dissociation. When a metal-oxide supported cationic transition metal atom and a neighboring oxygen on the oxide surface serve as the active site, the transition state energy difference through a surface-stabilized pathway can be noticeably narrowed as compared with that of a radical pathway. For Ir, Pt and Rh-doped anatase TiO2(1 0 1), the CH4 C H bond activation can be preferred over that of CH3OH at significant methanol mole fraction. Also, for PdAu alloys containing adsorbed oxygen and positively charged Pd, calculations suggest in agreement with recent experiments (Science 367 (6474), 193–197) that the CH4 C H bond can be selectively activated in the presence of CH3OH.
Population genomic analyses of schistosome parasites highlight critical challenges facing end-game elimination efforts

Abstract Schistosomiasis persists in some Asian regions despite targeted end-game elimination measures. To determine the causes of this persistence, we performed reduced representation genome sequencing on Schistosoma japonicum miracidia collected across multiple years from transmission hotspots in Sichuan, China. We discovered strong geographic structure, suggesting that local rather than imported reservoirs are key sources of infection persistence. At the village level, parasites collected after praziquantel treatment are closely related to local pre-treatment populations. Schistosomes within villages are also highly related, suggesting that only a few parasites from a limited number of hosts drive re-infection. The close familial relationships among miracidia from different human hosts also implicates short transmission routes among humans. At the individual host level, genetic evidence indicates that multiple humans retain infections following referral for treatment. Our findings suggest that end-game schistosomiasis control measures should focus on completely extirpating local parasite reservoirs and confirming successful treatment of infected human hosts. One Sentence Summary Local reservoirs are the source for persistent schistosomiasis infections despite continuous efforts aimed at complete elimination.
The Problem with Empowerment: Social Reproduction and Women’s Food Projects in Jordan

In Jordan, many women’s small food businesses and nonprofit projects have been supported as a sustainable rural development strategy. The prevalence of these projects in bazaars and festivals in Jo...