cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute and long-term safety of external trigeminal nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy

Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) is a novel therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy. We report in detail the safety of external TNS (eTNS), focusing on acute and long-term heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in response to TNS from the pilot feasibility study. The data indicate that eTNS of the infraorbital and supraorbital branches of the trigeminal nerve is safe and well tolerated.
The pre and post chemotherapy pathologic spectrum of germ cell tumors

The majority of germ cell tumors (GCT) arise within the gonads of males and females with the remainder originating along midline structures including the retroperitoneum, pineal gland and mediastinum. Mediastinal primaries account for 1% to 5% of all GCT, this being the second most common primary site [1]. They account for 10% to 20% of all anterior mediastinal masses and arise within the thymus. One must keep in mind that mediastinal lymph nodes are a common metastatic site for advanced stage gonadal GCT, but these will usually have metastatic disease at other sites as well, particularly the retroperitoneum and lungs. Toner et al [2] found that 24% of poor risk testicular GCT had spread to the mediastinum. In the same study they reported that only 3 of 32 (9%) of mediastinal primaries spread to the retroperitoneum whereas 91 of 99 (92%) of
Electrodeposition of photocatalytic AlInSb semiconductor alloys in the Lewis acidic aluminum chloride−1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride room-temperature ionic liquid

Abstract The electrodeposition of AlIn, AlSb, and AlInSb alloys was examined at copper rotating wire electrodes in the Lewis acidic 66.7–33.3 mol.% (m/o) aluminum chloride–1–ethyl–3–methylimidazolium chloride room-temperature ionic liquid. The Sb content in the AlSb binary electrodeposits depended on the applied current density, but the In content in the AlIn alloys was quite low, ∼ 1 at.% (a/o), and independent of the current density. Variation of the partial current densities for the In and Sb during AlInSb deposition suggested that the deposition of a second phase rich in In and Sb, possibly InSb, occurs simultaneously at higher applied current densities. However, no X-ray diffraction patterns are apparent in these deposits other than that for face-centered cubic Al. Thus, the AlInSb deposit most likely consists of a non-equilibrium mixture of Al x In y Sb 100– x – y and amorphous or nanocrystalline InSb. The AlInSb alloy semiconductor deposits prepared during this investigation exhibited photocatalytic behavior and could catalyze the photodecomposition of water under illumination with visible light.
255 PRENATAL METHADONE EXPOSURE: FACTORS AFFECT- ING SEVERITY OF WITHDRAWAL

There is conflicting evidence in the literature concerning the relation between maternal methadone dose during pregnancy and the severity of the withdrawal reaction experienced by the newborn. As part of an ongoing longitudinal study of children born to methadone-maintained mothers, 38 children exposed to methadone in utero were observed and their withdrawal evaluated and coded on a scale of one(mild) to 3(severe) by a trained observer. The relation between severity of withdrawal and the maternal methadone dose(MMD) prior to delivery was not significant. The relation between birth weight (BW) and severity of withdrawal was also not significant. The data indicated clear sex differences in severity of withdrawal (see above Table), with significantly more males having moderate to severe withdrawal reactions than females (x2=3.69, p<.07). This finding confirms developmental data indicating that males are more vulnerable than females to adverse environmental factors .
Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome: possible relation to licorice

Abstract We describe a patient with posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRLS) after receiving a prescription of herbs containing licorice as a tonic medicine. The typical reversible MRI findings following the consumption of licorice suggests a possible relationship between licorice ingestion, hypertension, and PRLS, despite the fact that a cause-and-effect relationship cannot be automatically inferred.
Application of primitive sets to multi-criteria optimization problems

Abstract In this paper we generalize the concept of efficiency in multi-criteria problems from being the property of a point to that of a set of points. This generalization permits a variety of solution concepts to these problems. The uniqueness of solution distinguishes this approach from the usual concept of efficiency.
“He Enjoys Giving Her Pleasure”: Diversity and Complexity in Young Men’s Sexual Scripts

Research on heterosexual men’s sexual expectations has focused on self-described personal traits and culturally dominant models of masculinity. In a pair of studies, we used a sexual scripts perspective to explore the range and diversity of young men’s thoughts about sex and relationships with women and to develop measures for assessing these scripts. In the first study, we conducted semi-structured interviews to elicit young men’s accounts of their sexual relationships. We used these narratives to produce brief sexual script scenarios describing typical sexual situations, as well as conventional survey items assessing sexual behavior themes. In the second study, we administered the scenarios and theme items to an ethnically diverse, national sample of 648 heterosexually active young men in an online survey. Using exploratory factor analysis, we delineated sets of sexual scripts and sexual behavior themes. In the scenarios, we found both a traditional masculine “player” script and a script that emphasized mutual sexual pleasure. Analysis of theme items produced scales of Drinking and Courtship, Monogamy and Emotion, and Sexual Focus and Variety. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding heterosexual men’s thinking about sexuality and how cultural change in sexual thinking may arise. We also discuss the need for measures of sexual thinking that better integrate perceptions and expectations about the partner as well as the self in relation to the partner, rather than solely self-assessed traits.
The effects of light intensity and light period on the development of thallus form in the marine red ALGA Pleonosporium squarrulosum (Harvey) Abbott (Rhodophyta: Ceramiales). II. Cell enlargement

Abstract Analyses of patterns of cell enlargement of regenerates of Pleonosporium squarrulosum (Harvey) Abbott grown under light periods of 16L-8D and 8L-16D and light intensities of 269, 538, 1076, and 1614 lux have been made. These show that light intensity, and to a much greater degree, light period significantly affect the magnitude of cell elongation for main axes and first-order lateral axes; for main axes, such was primarily by an increase in size of the basipetal parts of cells.
ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE FOR A DUAL GRATING PULSE COMPRESSOR

Grating pulse compressors are an integral part of chirped pulse amplification (CPA) lasers.1 Accurate alignment of the compressor is required to obtain minimum pulse-width at the output of the system. Dual grating compressors are difficult to align because they don’t function unless they are close to optimum alignment. The procedure outlined here provides a simple step-wise method of aligning a dual grating pulse compressor so that the gratings will be parallel with one another. Once this condition has been established, only the distance between the gratings needs to be adjusted to start the system operating. At this point, the compressor can be critically aligned.
The Demographic Assessment for Health Literacy (DAHL): A New Tool for Estimating Associations between Health Literacy and Outcomes in National Surveys

Objective To impute limited health literacy from commonly measured socio-demographic data and to compare it to the Short-Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) for estimating the influence of limited health literacy on health status in the elderly.
Low-Temperature H2S Removal from Steam-Containing Gas Mixtures with ZnO for Fuel Cell Application. 2. Wash-Coated Monolith

This work is part of our efforts to explore more-effective ways to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) for fuel cell applications. Various absorbents (ZnO, SnO2, coprecipitated NiO−MoO3, supported CuO−ZnO, V2O5−ZnO, and ZnO supported on γ-alumina) were tested for H2S removal. The absorbents that were wash-coated onto the monolith were compared with particulate traps in the inlet H2S concentration range of 0.5−8 parts per million by volume (ppmv). The monolith provides much-higher dynamic capacity (the amount of H2S trapped before breakthrough) under the same conditions. The ZnO-based monolith demonstrated the best performance. An extremely low H2S outlet concentration (as low as 20 parts per billion, by volume (20 ppbv)) was observed over ZnO-based monolith samples for extended periods of time, under various conditions relevant for the desulfurization of gas products from the autothermal reforming of hydrocarbon fuels for a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell. The capacity of the H2S trap is dependent on the mon...
Should I trust him? The effects of reviewer profile characteristics on eWOM credibility

For online consumer reviews to serve as decision-making aids, users have to first trust the reviewer. However, unlike face-to-face communication, where trust develops overtime, consumers have to rely on personal profile information to establish confidence in the reviewer in online shopping context. These personal profile characteristics may serve as cues of source credibility. This study adopts a 2 (number of trusted members: small, large)x2 (profile picture: without, with)x2 (review valence: negative, positive) between-participants experiment to explore how two personal profile characteristics, reputation cue and profile picture, influence cognitive trust and affective trust towards the reviewer and perceived review credibility respectively and in a combinatory manner. The findings of the study showed that reputation cue and profile picture cue contributed differently to users' affective trust and cognitive trust towards the reviewer. Reputation cue, generated by the system, was found to influence both affective and cognitive dimensions of trust, whereas the self-generated cue of profile picture affected only affective trust. Reputation cue had a direct influence on perceived review credibility, whereas the influence of profile picture on perceived review credibility was dependent upon review valence. The implications of these findings are discussed in the paper.
Calcium-G protein interactions in the regulation of macrophage secretion.

Abstract The interplay between activated G proteins and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in the regulation of secretion was studied in the macrophage, coupling membrane capacitance with calcium-sensitive microfluorimetry. Intracellular elevation of either the nonhydrolyzable analogue of GTP, guanosine-5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS), or [Ca2+]i enhanced the amplitude and shortened the time course of stimulus-induced secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Both the ionophore- and the stimulus-induced secretory response were abolished in the presence of guanosine-5′-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDPβS). TheK d of Ca2+-driven secretion was independent of GTPγS concentration, whereas theK d of the GTPγS-driven response decreased from 63 to 31 μM in the presence of saturating concentrations of [Ca2+]i. The time course of stimulus-induced secretion was dependent upon the concentration of [Ca2+]i. The time course of GTPγS-driven secretion was concentration-independent at high levels of [Ca2+]i, suggesting that a calcium-dependent translocation/binding step was rate-limiting. Our data strongly support a model in which [Ca2+]i and activated G proteins act independently of one another in the sequential regulation of macrophage secretion. [Ca2+]i appears to play a role in the recruitment and priming of vesicles from reserve intracellular pools at a step that is upstream of G protein activation. While activated, G proteins appear to play a key role in fusion of docked vesicles. Thus, secretion can result either from activating more G proteins or from elevating [Ca2+]i at basal levels of G protein activation.
Strategic Coordination and the Law

We re-examine the relationship between coordination, legal sanctions, and free-riding in light of the recent controversy regarding the applicability of the coordination problem paradigm of law-making. We argue that legal sanctions can help solve coordination problems by eliminating socially suboptimal equilibrium outcomes. Once coordination has taken place, however, free-riding can not lead to the breakdown of coordination outcomes, even if sanctions may still be effective at increasing the equity of such outcomes. Finally, we argue that it is the choice of a legal or constitutional system rather than the choice of law that is paradigmatic of the coordination problem. This view requires a re-assessment of the normative status of sanctions attached to individual laws.
Chalcogenide-based lithium solid electrolytes processed by the Powder-in-a-tube method

Abstract Solid electrolytes are candidate materials for solid-state batteries and electrochemical capacitors. Viability of a Powder-in-a-tube (PIT) process, most commonly associated with processing of superconductor wires, is shown in sulfide-based lithium solid electrolytes. PIT processing is used to create thin (120 μm) electrolytes sheathed within an aluminum tube. Extrapolated room temperature ionic conductivities reach 10 −3 (Ω cm) −1 in both rolled PIT and pelletized 0.70Li 2 S+0.30P 2 S 5 (mol fraction) lithium thiophosphate solid electrolytes which crystallized to form Li 7 P 3 S 11 after heat treatment.
Computational study of strengthening effects of stiffeners on regular and arbitrarily stiffened plates

Abstract In this paper, strengthening effects of stiffeners on regular and arbitrarily stiffened plates are discussed in terms of the ultimate strength limit (USL) obtained through full nonlinear transient analysis. This study starts from the investigation of strengthening effects of regular stiffened plates which are subjected to uniaxial stress and then arbitrarily stiffened plates that are subjected to biaxial stress. The optimal height, number, and arrangement of the stiffener that provide the best strengthening effect are revealed and it is also found that the strengthening effects of an arbitrarily oriented stiffener (or oblique stiffener) can be decoupled to two perpendicular regular stiffeners which are located in appropriate positions. Nonlinear buckling analyses were performed on the arbitrarily stiffened plates with one and two arbitrarily oriented stiffeners to verify this finding. The outcome of this paper can be further extended and applied to develop simplified semi-analytical models for buckling strength analysis of constructional plates.
The Impact of Societal Systems on Black Male Violence

Domestic violence in African American communities has been under-studied and under-theorized. An understanding of the distinct nature of this violence requires an investigation of the interactions of marginalization, persistent structural inequality, masculinity, power, poverty, popular culture, identity, and stress. This article explores the complex interplay of influences on African American men that often leads to domestic violence within African American communities. The article includes a nuanced discussion of personal agency and responsibility against a backdrop of social structures. The reader is challenged not only to identify and understand the many conditions that transmit and perpetuate violence in our society but also to remember that forgiveness and redemption are integral to the solution.
Fabry-Perot/CCD multichannel spectrometer for the study of warm, ionized interstellar gas and extragalactic clouds

The use of the University of Wisconsin 15-cm-diameter pressure-scanned Fabry-Perot spectrometer to detect and characterize faint optical emission lines from the Galaxy and the earth atmosphere is described, and a more powerful multichannel spectrometer is proposed. The fundamental principles and advantages of Fabry-Perot instruments are explained; the need for higher throughput is pointed out; the gains possible with a multichannel spectrometer are determined; and test results demonstrating the feasibility of multichannel spectrometry with either photomultiplier or CCD detectors are summarized. It is estimated that a multichannel spectrometer mounted at the Nasmyth focus of a 3.5-m or 8-m telescope would have a beam diameter of 10 or 4 arcmin, respectively, making it possible to probe ionized gas in the disks and halos of galaxies at emission measures less than about 1/cm to the 6th pc and spectral resolution 10 km/sec.
Categorization and feature specification in phonological acquisition.

Distinctive feature specification and representation in phonological acquisition are examined in the context of underspecification theory. Subjects were 30 children (aged 3;1 to 5;10) who exhibited systematic differences in their linguistic knowledge of target phonological contrasts. A free classification task was used to tap children's conceptual knowledge of these contrasts, with features of place and manner experimentally manipulated. Three questions were addressed: which features do children use to categorize segmentai information, do the defining features of a category shift as the phonological system advances, and which framework of underspecification theory best accounts for the results? All children categorized segments on the basis of marked nonredundant featural properties, and used only one feature value to define category membership consistent with radical underspecification. Linguistic knowledge and linguistic input both influenced children's category judgements, but to different degrees. The emergence of phonological categories involved increasing feature differentiation as the child's productive phonology advanced.
Increasing N-CAM-mediated cell-cell adhesion does not reduce invasion of RSV-transformed WC5 rat cerebellar cells.

The WC5 rat cerebellar cell line, infected with a Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) that is temperature-sensitive for pp60 v-src transformation, expresses high levels of the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, when grown at the non-permissive temperature for pp60 v-src activity. At the permissive temperature, N-CAM expression is 4- to 10-fold reduced and the cells aggregate poorly. To evaluate the effects of variations in N-CAM expression, we compared the invasive ability of transformed WC5 cells that express low levels of N-CAM with transformed cells in which N-CAM-mediated adhesion was restored. WC5 cells were transfected with expression vectors containing cDNAs encoding the 120 or 180 kDa forms of chicken N-CAM linked to constitutive promoters. Several permanently transfected lines that expressed chicken N-CAM at the cell surface were isolated. These cell lines showed enhanced aggregation at the permissive temperature relative to untransfected WC5 cells or cells transfected with control constructs. By comparing the ability of control and transfected WC5 cells to invade reconstituted extracellular matrix, we tested the effect of variations in N-CAM-mediated adhesion on invasion. Clones that expressed high levels of N-CAM showed invasion rates that were similar to control cells, indicating that increasing N-CAM-mediated adhesion does not inhibit the invasiveness of RSV-transformed WC5 cells.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the κ-Opioid Receptor Regulates Agonist Efficacy

Abstract To explore the role of highly conserved tyrosine residues in the putative cytoplasmic domains of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled opioid receptors, we expressed the rat κ-opioid receptor (KOR) in Xenopus oocytes and then activated the intrinsic insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. KOR activation by the agonist U69593 produced a strong increase in potassium current through coexpressed G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels (KIR3). Brief pretreatment with insulin caused a 60% potentiation of the KOR-activated response. The insulin-induced increase in κ-opioid response was blocked by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. In contrast, insulin had no effect on the basal activity of KIR3, suggesting that KOR is the target of the tyrosine kinase cascade. Mutation of tyrosine residues to phenylalanines in either the first or second intracellular loop of KOR to produce KOR(Y87F) and KOR(Y157F) had no effect on either the potency or maximal effect of U69593. However, neither KOR(Y87F)- nor KOR(Y157F)-mediated responses were potentiated by insulin treatment. Insulin pretreatment shifted the dose-response curve for U69593activation of KOR by increasing the maximal response without changing the EC50 value for U69593. These results suggest that insulin increases the efficacy of KOR activation by phosphorylating two tyrosine residues in the first and second intracellular loops of the receptor. Thus, tyrosine phosphorylation may provide an important mechanism for modulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling.
Ecocentrism and argumentative competence: Roots of a postmodern argument theory from the brazilian deforestation debate

This essay examines the Brazilian deforestation debate to explicate the beginnings of a post-modern theory of argumentation. Modernist argumentation reflects two distinct approaches, found in the deforestation controversy. The first approach, ‘universal minimilization,’ presumes that the survival of humanity is sufficient grounds upon which to base argument. The alternative, ‘strategic manipulation,’ results in argument being employed as a technical device to advance one's interest. In place of the modernist approach, we offer an ecocentric theory of argumentation. This conception calls for individuals to set aside differences in values to sustain humanity but at the same time to be sensitive to differences in costs and benefits that accrue from common efforts to persons differently situated. Additionally, this view operates with a tacit working assumption that environmental questions are not discrete entities to be evaluated separately. Rather, people must act collectively on a range of interconnected issues to ensure survival.
Searching for superconductivity above the present limit

Abstract Worthwhile possibilities exist for finding superconductors with transitions above the present 130 K limit. Three particular approaches are discussed. (1) The layered cuprates themselves have shown evidence for trace amounts of superconductivity in the 150–200K range according to reports from a number of laboratories. It seems plausible that the trace amount is due to some extended defect. (2) It is possible to investigate new phases as well as artificial structures which can be stabilized by epitaxial film growth on appropriate substrates or buffer layers. Oxide films seem particularly amenable to epitaxial growth. More work is needed into learning how to introduce itinerant charge carriers into oxide films because most attempts to substitute non-isovalent cations end up by introducing electrically compenstated defects. Novel methods of doping become possible in heterostructures, including field effects, that have yet to be exploited. (3) The discovery of superconductivity in the carbon 60 compounds and the continued progress in the synthesis and understanding of organic superconductors demonstrate that there are open-ended opportunities in metallic molecular solids.
Some symmetry remarks on the ground-state configurations of the two-dimensional Bosonic Falicov-Kimball model

Abstract We show that the ground-state configuration of the nuclei in a system composed by itinerant bosons in two dimensions described by the Falicov-Kimball Hamiltonian is composed by symmetric intervals centered on 45° lines on the Cartesian plane. This adds up to the previous result about this problem which asserted symmetry of intervals centered on the coordinate axes. The combination of these facts strongly suggest the convexity of the nuclear distributions.
Oncoprotein Cot1 represses kinase suppressors of Ras1/2 and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3‐induced differentiation of human acute myeloid leukemia cells

Metabolites and derivatives of vitamin D are well-known inducers of monocytic differentiation, but the mechanistic basis for their action is not fully elucidated. Here we show that the product of protooncogene Cot1 represses the monocytic phenotype in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells induced to differentiate by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25D), even though the expression of cellular Cot1 increases early in the process of 1,25D-induced differentiation. Interestingly, the expression of the two members of the Kinase Suppressor of Ras (KSR) family of molecular scaffolds, known to be positive regulators of Ras signaling and of 1,25D-induced differentiation, increases in parallel with Cot1 in 1,25D-treated cells. However, KSR1/2 are negatively regulated by Cot1, as determined by transfection of siCot1, and confirmed by a reverse effect of ectopic expression of Cot1. The effect of Cot1 in AML cells appears to be cell-type specific, as previous reports in other cell types found KSR-2 to be a negative regulator of Cot1, a reverse relationship. Also in contrast to findings in other cells, in AML cells Cot1 exerts negative control on the MAP kinase pathways, since siCot1 increases the levels of activated Raf1, p90RSK, JNK1, c-jun, and p38, though not of MEK/ERK. These findings have implications for therapy of AML, since in AML cells active MAPKs hasten cell differentiation, and specific pharmacological inhibitors of Cot1 kinase activity have recently became available, thus making Cot1 a "druggable" target.
Atmospheric chemistry: Trace gases and particulates

Abstract Knowledge of the world-wide atmosphere is quite incomplete, despite the considerable investigative efforts expended upon it. Nevertheless, recent studies have resulted in some knowledge of its constitution and chemistry from all of the fifty states in the U.S.A., Western Europe, Panama, Amazonia, both polar regions, and selected portions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The remainder has been but little observed. Despite the geographic differences in topography, climatology and civilization, the world-wide atmosphere has been found to be similar at moderate distances (a few kilometers in the vertical or a few tens of kilometers in the horizontal direction) from particular sources. The atmosphere may be divided in several ways. Excluding the stratosphere, we may take the mixing layer and the remainder of the troposphere, or we may take urban, rural and remote divisions, or we may take polluted and unpolluted divisions, among various choices. The last divisional scheme is considered in this paper.
Combined topology and sizing optimization of actively controlled structures

Most of the available literature for the design of actively controlled structures deals with structures of a predetermined topology. It is recognized that the structural performance can be improved significantly by optimization of topology. A combined approach to topology and sizing optimization of actively controlled structures is considered in this article. The approach to an optimum structural topology involves defining a domain for the structure, the points of load application and supports. The optimum topology is created by minimizing the strain energy. Once the optimum topology is obtained, an iterative sizing and control system optimization of the optimum topology is performed. Two examples dealing with sizing and control optimization of structures with predetermined as well as optimum topology are presented. It is shown that a simultaneous reduction in structural weight and improvement in root mean square displacement error can be achieved when topological, control and structural aspects of design...
Interactive touch: haptic interfaces based upon hand movement patterns

Haptic interfaces use specialized hardware to stimulate the user's sense of touch. The haptic sense uses both purposeful movement and sensory receptors. Previous haptic interface designs have focused entirely on producing stimuli for the sensory receptors of the human hand and arm, without taking into account the movements used in haptic perception. This research explores interaction techniques that explicitly support various movement styles used in haptic perception. The resulting interaction techniques should support more rapid and accurate virtual object identification and discrimination.
Reduced Electron Models for Edge Simulation

We consider the treatment of electrons in kinetic simulations of edge plasmas. A fully kinetic treatment of electrons is expensive because of the short timescales associated with rapid streaming along field lines. Hence we survey a number of reduced options, of varying complexity, with particular attention to the “adiabatic model” commonly used for core plasmas. We note that the adiabatic model is the linear limit of a Boltzmann model, whose nonlinear form is more appropriate for the large potential variations in edge plasmas, and then consider extensions to the Boltzmann model which render it applicable to a plasma which includes end-loss in the scrape-off layer (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lean supply chain management techniques for complex aerospace systems: Using discrete event simulation to mitigate programmatic cost and schedule risk

Historically, major US aerospace programs have suffered from cost increases and schedule delays. While inaccurate basis of estimates can lead to discrepancies between planned and actual program performance, a well-planned, lean supply chain can still experience cost and schedule pressures. It is clear that all design changes lead to schedule delays and associated cost increases, and it is also clear that complex system development programs in the aerospace industry inevitably experience design changes. In this research a discrete event simulator was created for modeling aircraft production supply chains where the major variables of interest were the depth of supply chain, the rate of design change impacting the supply chain, and the allocation of design authority to each level of the supply chain. The simulations identified that mitigating schedule delays can be achieved by allocating design authority in the supply chain to speed up change incorporation, and result in first unit lead time being reduced by up to 50%, while increasing overall production system productivity. Additionally, staffing design change boards for concurrent change incorporation can also lead to significant productivity improvements. The optimal solution points to a dynamic plan for the change traffic that achieves the most efficient production schedule amongst suppliers. Further, an acquisition program trap is also shown to exist in government acquisition programs that can be avoided by understanding the impacts of the design change traffic identified with this simulation.
The computer generated symbolic approximations to systems of nonlinear ode's by matrix annihilation and the Newton-Kantorovich method

Abstract The symbolic solution, x = exp( At ) x (0), of the n -th order linear system, dx / dt = Ax , is approximated by using matrix annihilation of A , where the characteristic polynomial, but not its roots, is obtained by the methods of Leverrier or Krylov. This linear solution may be used to successively approximate the nonlinear case via Kantorovich's extension of Newton's method to Banach spaces. Symbolic solutions in the form of Taylor polynomials have been generated by the Formac extension to PL/I, to which very high order variable arithmetic has been added.
Talking about comparisons: a study of young children's comparative adjective usage*

This study explores factors other than the concept of comparison which influence the learning of specific comparative adjective forms, namely, (a) the nature of the perceptual input, and (b) the nature of the event. Thirty subjects, age 4; 5 to 7; 9, were asked to describe objects reflecting various attribute differences in both multiple-object comparison and single-object, dynamic-change tasks. Children used comparative adjectives to talk about dynamic changes prior to static comparisons, and attributes based on visual or tactile input were easier than those based on both. These results are interpreted as indicating that perceptual cue redundancy and heterogeneity affects the learning of attribute dimensions, and that children first use the -er suffix in a non-comparative sense.
A note on perfect orders

Perfectly orderable graphs were introduced by Chvatal in 1984. Since then, several classes of perfectly orderable graphs have been identified. In this paper, we establish three new results on perfectly orderable graphs. First, we prove that every graph with Dilworth number at most three has a simplicial vertex, in the graph or in its complement. Second, we provide a characterization of graphs G with this property: each maximal vertex of G is simplicial in the complement of G . Finally, we introduce the notion of a locally perfect order and show that every arborescence-comparability graph admits a locally perfect order.
Two-dimensional diffraction in homogeneous anisotropic media

Diffraction of electromagnetic waves from an arbitrary source by an anisotropic cylindrical structure or by a cylindrical structure in an anisotropic medium is very difficult to handle in general. But if the source is a line source parallel to (or a plane wave normally incident to) the axis of an infinitely long cylindrical structure, where the transverse anisotropy of the structure is not coupled to that of the axial, the problems simplify in many cases. In all of these cases, Maxwell's equations lead to a single differential equation with parameters and boundary conditions which depend on the individual problems. Examples given are perfectly conducting wedges and a perfectly conducting cylinder in anisotropic media. There are a few cases where the electromagnetic waves depend only on the axial property of the medium, i.e. the waves do not see the anisotropic nature of the medium.
Can Financial Engineering Cure Cancer

Traditional financing sources such as private and public equity may not be ideal for investment projects with low probabilities of success, long time horizons, and large capital requirements. Nevertheless, such projects, if not too highly correlated, may yield attractive risk-adjusted returns when combined into a single portfolio. Such "megafund" portfolios may be too large to finance through private or public equity alone. But with sufficient diversification and risk analytics, debt financing via securitization may be feasible. Credit enhancements (i.e., derivatives and government guarantees) can also improve megafund economics. We present an analytical framework and illustrative empirical examples involving cancer research.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Molecular Adsorbates at the Liquid-Solid Interface: Functional Group Variations in Image Contrast †

Recent studies have demonstrated that functionalized portions of long-chain hydrocarbons (CH3(CH2)nX, where X = SH, S, SS, NH2, Br, I) physisorbed on graphite at the liquid−solid interface exhibit enhanced contrast (increased tunneling current) when imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The tunneling mechanism for such molecules can be investigated by examining the interplay between topographic and electronic structure/coupling factors. Utilizing a scanning tunneling spectroscopy methodology, changes in the STM images of two-dimensional thin films of amide-, bromide-, and sulfide-derivatized molecules have been observed as a function of applied bias voltage. For octadecanamide, the relative topographic height (increased tunneling probability) of the functional group compared to that of the hydrocarbon backbone peaks at |V| = 1.4 V; this differs greatly from the voltage dependence obtained for docosane bromide, where the measured relative topographic height of the bromide end group remains constan...
The Worm at the Root of the Passions: Poetry and Sympathy in Mill's Utilitarianism

I claim that Mill has a theory of poetry which he uses to reconcile nineteenth century associationist psychology, the tendency of the intellect to dissolve associations, and the need for educated members of society to desire utilitarian ends. The heart of the argument is that Mill thinks reading poetry encourages us to feel the feelings of others, and thus to develop pleasurable associations with the pleasurable feelings of others and painful associations with the painful feelings of others. Once the associations are developed, they are supported and maintained by our natural capacity for sympathy and by external elements in society, and provide motivation for the pursuit of utilitarian ends. Further, the additional support causes the associations to be strengthened to the extent that they come to be seen as ‘natural and necessary’, and as such are immune from the dissolving force of the intellect.
Models for characterizing the printability of buried EUV defects

Models for the printability of buried 3D EUV defect are analyzed and extended using rigorous electromagnetic simulation by TEMEPST. Parallel simulation on a network of workstation was used to examine the classical assumptions of coherent illumination, uniformly filling the entrance pupil and vertical propagation in the theoretical model of Gullikson for Gaussian defects. Results show that the limitation of the model is the lack of uniformity of filling the pupil for defects with diameter (2*sigma) larger than 0.20 (lambda) /NA at the wafer plane. Beyond this diameter the dip in the clear field intensity no longer follows the quadratic decrease with size and height of the model. Rather the dip quickly goes through its worst-case minimum intensity near 70 nm and then rises as the size further lowers the local surface slope. The worst-case image decrease from the clear field value for any sized Gaussian defect is roughly 18% per nm of height. Thus isolated Gaussian defects with height less than 2 nm will never reduce the field intensity to less than 60% of the clear field value.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Round 1: Does Case Study Knowledge Need a New Epistemology?

In proposing their pragmatic case study method, in which a database of cases is said to provide a basis for inductively deriving general AƒÂ¢A‚â‚¬A‚A“guidelinesAƒÂ¢A‚â‚¬A‚? or AƒÂ¢A‚â‚¬A‚A“rules of thumbAƒÂ¢A‚â‚¬A‚? for use in future cases, Ronald Miller and Daniel Fishman each claim that a new epistemology is needed if a proper science of clinical/applied psychology is to be developed. In this article I challenge that claim in three ways: First, the inductive and descriptive approaches advocated by Miller and Fishman are included in conventional scientific epistemologies. Second, the causal claims Miller and Fishman hope to avoid in their nondeductive approach would inhere implicitly in the generalities to be derived inductively from their proposed database. Third, despite MillerAƒÂ¢A‚â‚¬A‚â„¢s and FishmanAƒÂ¢A‚â‚¬A‚â„¢s rejection of epistemic objectivity, their generalities can at least in principle attain objective truth status, but only if a pervasive straw-man understanding of objectivity is relinquished. I conclude that some philosophical sources of suffering in psychology can perhaps be ameliorated, if not eliminated, by revisiting problematic views about causality and objectivity that are held by many.
On the advantages of the LMS spectrum analyzer over nonadaptive implementations of the sliding-DFT

Based on the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm, the LMS spectrum analyzer can be used to recursively calculate the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of a sliding window of data. In this paper, we compare the LMS spectrum analyzer with the straightforward nonadaptive implementation of the recursive DFT. In particular, we demonstrate the robustness of the LMS spectrum analyzer to the propagation of roundoff errors, a property that is not shared by other recursive DFT algorithms. >
Are the Pacific and Indo–Atlantic hotspots fixed? Testing the plate circuit through Antarctica

It is often assumed that hotspots are fixed relative to one another and thus constitute a global reference frame for measuring absolute plate motions and true polar wander. But it has long been known that the best documented hotspot track, the Hawaiian‐Emperor chain, is inconsistent with the internally coherent tracks left by the Indo‐Atlantic hotspots. This inconsistency is due either to unquantified motions within the plate circuit linking the Pacific with other plates, for example, between East and West Antarctica, or relative motion between the Hawaiian‐Emperor and Indo‐Atlantic hotspots. Analysis of recent paleomagnetic results from Marie Byrd Land in West Antarctica confirms that there has been post-100 Ma motion between West Antarctica (Marie Byrd Land) and East Antarctica. However, incorporation of this motion into the plate circuit does not account for the Cenozoic hotspot discrepancy. Comparison of an updated inventory of Pacific and non-Pacific paleomagnetic data does not show a significant systematic discrepancy, which, along with other observations, indicates that missing plate boundaries and other errors in the plate circuit play a relatively small role in the hotspot inconsistency. We conclude that most of the apparent motion between the Hawaiian‐Emperor and Indo‐Atlantic hotspots is real. The best-estimate average drift rate between these sets of hotspots is approximately 25 mm=yr since 65 Ma, ignoring errors in the plate circuit and a small contribution from Cenozoic motions between East and West Antarctica. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The NSF Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Research Program

Abstract This paper presents several major developments and research initiatives of NSF's program in earthquake hazard mitigation. These activities include (1) establishment of three new earthquake engineering research centers in the U.S., (2) initiation of a major five‐year cooperative research program on urban earthquake disaster mitigation between the U.S. and Japan, (3) initiation of two joint center‐to‐center projects between the U.S. and Japan, and (4) planning for a high‐performance earthquake simulation facility network in the U.S. These activities highlight the ever‐increasing importance of research innovations for earthquake disaster mitigation and the continuing challenges for cooperation between the U.S. and Japan.
'I Like you... as a Friend': The Role of Attraction in Cross-Sex Friendship

This study investigated attraction in heterosexual cross-sex friendships. Study I used in-depth interviews with 20 dyads (40 participants) to uncover four types of attraction that occur in cross-sex friendships - subjective physical/sexual attraction, objective physical/sexual attraction, romantic attraction, and friendship attraction. These types of attraction are subject to being symmetrical or asymmetrical, and may incur changes over time. Study 11(N = 231) used a questionnaire to assess the frequency of each type of attraction and the frequency with which types of attraction are perceived to change. The most prevalent form of attraction was friendship attraction, and the least prevalent form was romantic attraction. The implications of these results for understanding both cross-sex friendships and the process of attraction are discussed.
Pharmacology and Clinical Efficacy of Terfenadine, a New H1-receptor Antagonist

Terfenadine is the first of a new class of non-sedating H1 antihistamines. It differs from chlorpheniramine in its lower anticholinergic activity in rabbit salivation tests. In animal model distribution studies, the drug is not found in the brain. In most clinical studies sedation attributed to terfenadine was on the order of that observed with placebo. Clinical trials of efficacy show that at best terfenadine is slightly less effective than or as effective as chlorpheniramine.
Haptic object recognition using a multi-fingered dextrous hand

The use of a dextrous, multifingered hand for high-level object recognition tasks is considered. The paradigm is model-based recognition in which the objects are modeled and recovered as superquadratics, which are shown to have a number of important attributes that make them well suited for such a task. Experiments have been performed to recover the shape of objects using sparse contacts point data from the hand with promising results. The authors also propose an approach to using tactile data in conjunction with the dextrous hand to build a library of grasping and exploration primitives that can be used in recognizing and grasping more complex multipart objects. >
Women's satisfaction with partners' penile implant Inflatable vs noninflatable prosthesis

We evaluated 49 women whose sexual partners were organically impotent and subsequently received either an inflatable or noninflatable penile prosthesis. The women comprised three groups, based on the type of prostheses their partners had received: inflatable (n = 34), noninflatable (n = 11), and a double implant group (n = 4). The comparisons made were (1) dimensions of sexual satisfaction, (2) emotional stability, (3) satisfaction with the prosthesis, and (4) relationship changes. Two special questionnaires and the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory were utilized in this evaluation. Women in the inflatable prosthesis group were found to be significantly more satisfied with the quality of their sexual relations and with their partner's prosthesis than were the women in the noninflatable prosthesis group. There apparently is a general advantage to women whose partners have received an inflatable prosthesis compared with the noninflatable alternatives.
Endogenous Protection by Melanin

Melanin is the dominant skin pigment, and the intensity of pigmentation is a conspicuous component of distinction between racially different human populations. Humans evolved in sub tropical Africa and constitutive pigmentation was likely dark to protect from damage by intense sun exposure, a persistent feature of highly melanized skin.1,2 When descendants of these early humans moved north, dark skinned people were at a disadvantage for vitamin D (ViD) conversion and thus paler skinned descendants had a selective advantage in moderate climates and far northern latitudes. At the same time, the loss of dark pigment made these fair skinned people more prone to acute and chronic adverse effects of sun exposure, such as sunburn and skin cancer.3 This chapter discusses the endogenous protection that epidermal pigment provides to humans. The sole source of cutaneous melanin are melanocytes that reside in the epidermis. They provide the surrounding keratinocytes with melanosomes, specialized organelles that contain melanins. Darkness and hue of constitutive pigmentation are not due to different densities of melanocytes but rather caused by differences in size and distribution of melanosomes, the overall melanin content of the epidermis and the relative amounts of eumelanin and pheomelanin. Although there is no doubt that melanin is protective from environmental ultraviolet (UV) exposure, the mechanisms by which this happens are not completely clarified. In addition to constitutive differences, multiple exogenous and endogenous agents modulate melanin pigmentation. This chapter will focus primarily on those changes that are induced by UV radiation (UVR). However, as will become evident, this approach does not lead to exclusion but rather to the inclusion of other factors that regulate epidermal melanization.