cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Axis-dependence of molecular high harmonic emission in three dimensions

High-order harmonic generation in an atomic or molecular gas is a promising source of sub-femtosecond vacuum ultraviolet coherent radiation for transient scattering, absorption, metrology and imaging applications. High harmonic spectra are sensitive to Angstrom-scale structure and motion of laser-driven molecules, but interference from radiation produced by random molecular orientations obscures this in all but the simplest cases, such as linear molecules. Here we show how to extract full body-frame high harmonic generation information for molecules with more complicated geometries by utilizing the methods of coherent transient rotational spectroscopy. To demonstrate this approach, we obtain the relative strength of harmonic emission along the three principal axes in the asymmetric-top sulphur dioxide. This greatly simplifies the analysis task of high harmonic spectroscopy and extends its usefulness to more complex molecules.
High viscous liquids as a source in micro-screw heat exchanger: fabrication, simulation and experiments

Viscous liquids can be encountered in many applications of micro devices. In this paper, an experimental and numerical simulation of a micro screw concentric tube heat exchanger is presented to determine the overall heat transfer coefficient and the amount of heat created by friction. The screw surface area and the increase in the viscosity of the liquid can raise the amount of heat created by friction and subsequently increase the amount of heat transferred in the micro concentric tube heat exchanger. Increasing the viscosity of the source can increase the overall heat transfer coefficient. The micro heat exchanger consists of a tube inside the screw placed inside a micro-channel. When the screw rotates, a net force is transferred to the fluid due to differential pressure on the depth of the thread and pressure gradient along the screw axis, thus causing the fluid to displace outside and inside the screw. A micro-screw heat exchanger was designed to maximize heat transfer from a liquid (viscous) in the cylinder to water in a tube inside a screw. Three-dimensional simulation of micro-screw heat exchanger was performed. The results obtained from CFD simulation have been compared with the experiments.
Differential MSC activation leads to distinct mononuclear leukocyte binding mechanisms

Advances in the field of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal cell (MSC) biology have demonstrated that MSCs can improve disease outcome when ‘activated' to exert immunomodulatory effects. However, the precise mechanisms modulating MSC-immune cells interactions remain largely elusive. In here, we activated MSC based on a recent polarization paradigm, in which MSCs can be polarized towards a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype depending on the Toll-like receptor stimulated, to dissect the mechanisms through which MSCs physically interact with and modulate leukocytes in this context. Our data show that MSCs activated through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 pathway increased VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 dependent binding of leukocytes. On the other hand, TLR3 stimulation strongly increases leukocytes affinity to MSC comparatively, through the formation of cable-like hyaluronic acid structures. In addition, TLR4 activation elicited secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators by MSCs, whereas TLR3-activated MSCs displayed a milder pro-inflammatory phenotype, similar to inactivated MSCs. However, the differently activated MSCs maintained their ability to suppress leukocyte activation at similar levels in our in vitro model, and this immunomodulatory property was shown here to be partially mediated by prostaglandin. These results reinforce the concept that alternate activation profiles control MSC responses and may impact the therapeutic use of MSCs.
Migration Load, Ecological Opportunity, and Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder Etiology: Obsessive Character as an Adaptation to Seasonality

The obsessive-compulsive personality pattern of orderliness, parsimony, and obstinacy was first described and explained by Sigmund Freud. Freud’s description was sound, but his explanation was flawed. Further still, no extant etiology, psychoanalytic or otherwise, convincingly accounts for the existence, and intergenerational perpetuation, of obsessive character. Thus, herein is presented a new etiology; an evolutionary etiology that describes obsessive personality, not as a disorder, but as an extreme strategy whose imbalance is a product of post-dispersal evolution. Migration into northerly latitudes brought about a relative release from biotic selective pressures, such as conflict and conspecific competition, and a corresponding increase in abiotic selective pressures, such as cold and seasonal scarcity. Features such as (1) future-oriented thought, (2) parsimoniousness, and (3) compulsive conscientiousness become both viable and intelligible as a temperamental consequence of struggling more exclusively with the elements. After using comparative animal data to demonstrate their biogeographical distribution, the human distribution of these three traits is also shown to be concentrated within northerly latitudes.
Aerobic responses to walking training in sedentary adolescents.

Promotion of physical fitness and an active lifestyle is critical during the formative adolescent years. This study investigated the effect of a school-based, alternative physical education program of walking training on the aerobic fitness of sedentary, predominantly obese teenagers. The subjects trained three days a week for 11 weeks at an average pace of 3.9 mph and heart rate of 151 beats per minute (79.6% of maximum). Physiologic responses during maximal treadmill testing before and after walking training were compared to those during a 3-month control period preceding the program. Weight-relative maximal oxygen uptake improved 9.9 percent (p less than .05), while treadmill endurance time increased by two minutes (23 percent, p less than .05). These findings indicate that small but significant improvements in aerobic function can be expected from walking training in sedentary adolescents.
THE COLLOIDAL STABILITY OF CRUDE OILS AND CRUDE OIL RESIDUES

A crude oil and three residues of the crude oil processing were investigated by determination of flocculation points of both the product solutions and the original products. Diverse analytical methods were used for characterizing products and their fractions. The evaluation of results was performed by the theory of regular solutions and its extension by Hansen. It was found, that the colloidal disperse phase shows a behaviour similar to that of polymer solutions. The conditions of the destabilization of the colloids can be defined by the critical Flory-Huggins interaction parameter. The solvation and the low soluble part of the asphaltenes have the greatest influence on the colloidal stability. The lowest stability is found for the visbreaking residue. The influence of the crude oil distillation on the colloidal stability is not significant.
Presence in India of HIV Type 1 Similar to North American Strains

HIV-1 vaccine candidates being tested in the US and Europe are mainly based upon subtype B strains. Worldwide however there are multiple strains of HIV against which vaccines must also be developed. The authors present methodology and findings from an investigation into which subtypes of HIV-1 are present in an urban center in southern India. Lymphocyte and serum samples were collected from HIV-1 infected patients attending an outpatient screening clinic at Apollo Hospital a private urban hospital in Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh. Sera were tested and confirmed with ELISA and Western blot for the presence of antibody to HIV-1 with peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from five of the patients through density gradient centrifugation of fresh blood and subsequently shipped at -70 degrees Celsius to Johns Hopkins University where they were subjected to polymerase chain reaction and neutralization assays. No information was available about when the individuals became infected with HIV-1 and only limited clinical and risk factor data were available. In contrast to previous reports of exclusively subtype C strains in India the study found and presents the first published evidence of the presence of subtype B HIV-1 in the country. The sequences identified in the study appear to be more similar to subtype B isolates from North America and Europe than those reported from Thailand and are distinct from a subtype B sequence collected in 1992 from Vellore in southeast India. The presence of neutralizing activity against subtype B strains from sera matched with the phylogenetic analysis provides strong evidence for the presence of HIV-1 subtype B infection in India. It would not be surprising if additional HIV-1 subtypes were detected in India given the frequent travel which occurs between India and Europe North America Africa and other areas of Asia including Thailand. These results underscore the necessity for a comprehensive and nationwide analysis of HIV-1 strain variation throughout India in the interest of developing and disseminating an effective vaccine against HIV-1 in India.
Confinement phenomenology in the Bethe-Salpeter equation

We consider the solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the Euclidean metric for a $\overline{q}q$ vector meson in the circumstance where the dressed quark propagators have timelike complex conjugate mass poles. This approximates features encountered in recent QCD modeling via the Dyson-Schwinger equations; the absence of real mass poles simulates quark confinement. The analytic continuation in the total momentum necessary to reach the mass shell for a meson sufficiently heavier than 1 GeV leads to the quark poles being within the integration domain for two variables in the standard approach. Through Feynman integral techniques, we show how the analytic continuation can be implemented in a way suitable for a practical numerical solution. We show that the would-be $\overline{q}q$ width to the meson generated from one quark pole is exactly canceled by the effect of the conjugate partner pole; the meson mass remains real and there is no spurious $\overline{q}q$ production threshold. The ladder kernel we employ is consistent with one-loop perturbative QCD and has a two-parameter infrared structure found to be successful in recent studies of the light SU(3) meson sector.
Interaction of the natural anti-Gal antibody with α-galactosyl epitopes: a major obstacle for xenotransplantation in humans

Abstract Cells of nonprimate mammals express an abundance of the carbohydrate structure Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-R (termed the α-galactosyl epitope). The natural anti-Gal antibody, which interacts specifically with α-galactosyl epitopes, is present in high concentrations in all humans. Here, Uri Galili argues that the interaction between anti-Gal in the serum and α-galactosyl epitopes on cells of nonprimate grafts may act as an immunological barrier which prevents xenotransplantation.
Chiral self assembled monolayers as resolving auxiliaries in the crystallization of valine.

Chiral drugs are a subgroup of drug substances that contain one or more chiral centers. For reasons of safety and efficacy, the pure enantiomer is usually preferred over the racemate in many marketed dosage forms. Thus, resolution of racemic mixtures is an active area of research. In this work, chiral self assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold were employed as resolving auxiliaries in the crystallization of the amino acid valine. Results showed the ability to obtain one enantiomer in excess on the crystals grown on the chiral SAMs when starting with racemic solutions. The enantiomer obtained in excess was the one having opposite chirality to the monolayer being used. In addition, it was possible to obtain crystals of the pure enantiomer when starting with a solution having an enantiomeric excess value of 50%. Control experiments carried out without chiral SAMs showed that at equilibrium, mixtures of the pure enantiomer and racemic compound were obtained under these conditions. The enantiomer obtained on the chiral SAMs was the one that was initially present in excess regardless of the chirality of the monolayer being used. 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 99:3931-3940, 2010
The integration of figurative language and static depictions: An eye movement study of fictive motion

Do we view the world differently if it is described to us in figurative rather than literal terms? An answer to this question would reveal something about both the conceptual representation of figurative language and the scope of top-down influences on scene perception. Previous work has shown that participants will look longer at a path region of a picture when it is described with a type of figurative language called fictive motion (The road goes through the desert) rather than without (The road is in the desert). The current experiment provided evidence that such fictive motion descriptions affect eye movements by evoking mental representations of motion. If participants heard contextual information that would hinder actual motion, it influenced how they viewed a picture when it was described with fictive motion. Inspection times and eye movements scanning along the path increased during fictive motion descriptions when the terrain was first described as difficult (The desert is hilly) as compared to easy (The desert is flat); there were no such effects for descriptions without fictive motion. It is argued that fictive motion evokes a mental simulation of motion that is immediately integrated with visual processing, and hence figurative language can have a distinct effect on perception.
The effect of deformation on the effective conductivity of a dilute suspension of drops in the limit of low particle peclet number

Abstract The effective thermal conductivity of a dilute suspension of slightly deformed droplets is calculated in the limit of small particle Peclet number for the undisturbed bulk shear, u = γy , and the linear bulk temperature distribution, T = αy . Two distinct cases of small deformation are considered; deformation dominated by interfacial tension forces, and deformation dominated by viscous forces in the drop. The results show that the presence of deformation can cause a fundamental change in form of the dominant, flow-induced contribution to the effective conductivity.
Toward a biosocial theory of offender rehabiltiation: Why does cognitive-behavioral therapy work?

Abstract Objective The growing insights from neuropsychological research, including within biosocial criminology, have not yet been systematically incorporated into the study of correctional rehabilitation. Given developments in related fields, we argue that moving toward a biosocial theory of offender rehabilitation or neurocriminology will enrich our understanding and effectiveness of these interventions. A particularly promising area to investigate is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). In this regard, we examine research on the neural correlates of skills that are addressed in correctional cognitive skills programs. Results A review of the literature reveals that social skills, coping skills, and problem-solving skills are consistently associated with activation in the medial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, insula, and temporo-parietal junction. Conclusions CBT programs that effectively target social skills, coping skills, and problem-solving skills should correspond to increased activity in these regions. The implications of this research are discussed.
Developmental variations of a deoxyribonuclease in the salivary glands of Drosophila hydei and D. melanogaster.

A deoxyribonuclease that is active at alkaline pH has been studied in the salivary glands of Drosophila hydei and D. melanogaster. Triton X-100 and ribonuclease have proven valuable in recovering this enzyme from the tissue. The D. hydei enzyme is first detected about 0.5 hr after puparium formation and increases in activity throughout prepupal development. The homologous enzyme in D. melanogaster appears 8–10 hr prior to puparium formation and its level falls sharply after puparium formation. Mixing experiments and inhibitor studies indicate that the appearance of the enzyme is dependent on protein synthesis. It is suggested that the enzyme is secreted into the hemolymph. The sensitivity of a deoxyribonuclease assay performed in acrylamide gel after disc electrophoresis has been increased more than 10-fold.
Analysis of Short Circuits for Distribution Systems

This paper presents a discussion and analysis of short circuits for low-voltage distribution systems. Many distribution systems are supplied from transformers connected in delta on the low-voltage side with the mid-tap of one secondary winding, or with one corner of the delta, connected to ground. As a result, short circuits on these systems often involve failure to ground, and an accurate analysis for these faults is of value. An original analysis of power-leg-to-ground and light-leg-to-ground short circuits is presented together with formulas for line-to-line and three-phase faults. A study of short circuits on the secondary circuits of single-phase transformers supplied from three-phase systems is also included, thereby giving a comprehensive treatment of distribution short circuits. The paper also includes a discussion of the effects of resistance in limiting short-circuit currents and the voltage rise of the secondary neutral above ground potential caused by transformer failure and resistance to ground.
A stochastic population approach to the problem of stable recruitment hierarchies in spiking neural networks

Synchrony-driven recruitment learning addresses the question of how arbitrary concepts, represented by synchronously active ensembles, may be acquired within a randomly connected static graph of neuron-like elements. Recruitment learning in hierarchies is an inherently unstable process. This paper presents conditions on parameters for a feedforward network to ensure stable recruitment hierarchies. The parameter analysis is conducted by using a stochastic population approach to model a spiking neural network. The resulting network converges to activate a desired number of units at each stage of the hierarchy. The original recruitment method is modified first by increasing feedforward connection density for ensuring sufficient activation, then by incorporating temporally distributed feedforward delays for separating inputs temporally, and finally by limiting excess activation via lateral inhibition. The task of activating a desired number of units from a population is performed similarly to a temporal k-winners-take-all network.
Angiostatin binds to tyrosine kinase substrate annexin II through the lysine-binding domain in endothelial cells.

Abstract Angiostatin(AS), an internal fragment of plasminogen, is one of the most potent specific inhibitors of angiogenesis. Angiostatin treatment has resulted in the complete regression of human tumors implanted subcutaneously into nude mice and has great therapeutic value (O'Reilly et al., Nat. Med. 2, 689–692, 1996). Despite promising therapeutic value in the treatment of cancer, the mechanism of its action is still unknown. We found that angiostatin binds to a 35-kDa protein in bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells (Sharma et al., Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. 42, 568, A3050, 2002). In an attempt to begin to understand angiostatin's mechanism of action, we have purified and characterized this 35-kDa protein from BAE cells. Internal peptide sequence analysis of purified protein demonstrated (SLYYIQQDTK, SYSPYDMLESIK, and ALLYLXGGDD) 100% sequence identity with tyrosine kinase substrate annexin II. Solid phase binding analysis suggests that angiostatin specifically bound to purified annexin II immobilized on 96-well plastic plates. Hundred-fold molar excess of unlabeled AS and anti-annexin II antibody inhibited bindings 85 and 55%, respectively, suggesting specific interaction. Annexin II is a predominant receptor for angiostatin, since neutralizing the angiostatin by soluble receptor (annexin II) effectively blocks angiostatin's anti-EC activity. Similarly, saturating the annexin II receptor by plasminogen in endothelial cells also blocks angiostatin's activity. Both angiostatin and plasminogen bind to purified annexin II in BAE cells saturably with apparent K d values of 101 and 164 nM, respectively, for purified annexin II and K d values of 83 and 125 nM, respectively, for BAE cells. Anti-annexin II monoclonal antibody inhibited angiostatin and plasminogen binding to endothelial cells by 68 and 62%, respectively, supporting our in vitro studies that annexin II is a receptor for angiostatin. Angiostatin- binding protein/annexin II specifically expressed in endothelial cells but not in fibroblasts suggests its EC-specific function. e-Aminocaproic acid, a lys analogue, effectively blocks angiostatin and annexin II interaction, indicating that the lysine-binding domain of AS is required for binding to annexin II. These results suggest that the antiangiogenic action of angiostatin may be mediated via interaction with annexin II. Identification of annexin II as a receptor for angiostatin provides further evidence that clotting and fibrinolytic pathways are directly involved in the angiogenic process.
PREDICTING THE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES

One purpose of the science of ecotoxicology is to provide information for protecting ecosystems. Understanding the hazards of chemicals is essential to wise decision making, and it is now clear that community structure changes are closely linked to altered ecosystem function. Uncertainty is high when decisions are made from a small biological (toxicological) database. Individual bioassays provide little insight into biological interactions that are important in sustaining ecosystems. Artificial ecosystem experiments with herbicides demonstrate the limited predictive power of bioassays and ecological risk assessment methods that are heavily dependent on animal testing. Many herbicides interfere with unique pathways in photosynthetic organisms but are not very toxic to animals. For example, the herbicide atrazine is not considered toxic to fishes, because atrazine interferes with electron transport in photosystem II. But, adding atrazine at low levels (3–100 μg/L) to aquatic microcosms demonstrated signific...
Passive temperature compensation in piezoelectric vibrators using shape memory alloy–induced axial loading

Piezoelectric materials have been widely studied as vibration energy harvesters in civil and mechanical systems, given their energy conversion ability and high mechanical to electrical coupling properties. Several external environmental effects, such as temperature, alter the performance of these transducers, thus limiting the longevity and the efficiency of the powered systems. Several techniques are applied to improve the harvesters’ properties and offset the environmental effects. These techniques include the optimization of the piezoelectric material, the use of matching networks to increase the power transfer, and, most importantly, the tuning of the harvester’s resonant frequency to match the fundamental frequency of the input excitation vibration, ensuring a maximum response. In this article, the effects of temperature variations on the energy harvesting characteristics of a bimorph cantilever lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric beam are studied. A proposed mechanical tuning, based on the applica...
The U.S. and Soviet Stakes in Nuclear Nonproliferation

In the aftermath of the invasion of Afghanistan and the advent of the Reagan Administration, cooperation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union seems to have diminished, particularly in the area of arms control. Nuclear nonproliferation is the oldest area of SovietAmerican cooperation in arms control, dating back to the establishment of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in the 1950s. But the fact that the two countries have a common interest does not mean that there is necessarily an equal interest or that it can survive the current tension.
Letter by Hobai Regarding Article, “Long-Term Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use Is Associated With Left Ventricular Dysfunction”

To the Editor: A known manifestation of left ventricular dysfunction is the development of severe hypotension during induction of general anesthesia for surgery.1 A modest decrease in blood pressure is expected in most individuals because the commonly used induction agents (such as propofol, thiopental, etc) are also vasodilators.2 However, this effect is markedly accentuated in …
Hypoechogenicity of fetal long bones: a new ultrasound marker for arthrogryposis

Objective To demonstrate osteopenia associated with arthrogryposis. Methods & Results We describe 3 cases of fetal arthrogryposis seen prenatally with the sonographic feature of severe hypoechogenicity of the long bones. This manifestation of presumed osteopenia is thought to represent osteoporosis secondary with absent fetal movement. Conclusion We describe hypoechogenicity of the fetal bones as a new sonographic feature of arthrogryposis. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dogmatism, Self-Acceptance, and Acceptance of Others Among Spanish and American Students

Summary Catholic high school students, boys and girls, from Spain and from the USA were compared on dogmatism scores (DS), acceptance of self (SA), and of others, (AO). The three variables were significantly related in both countries and for both sexes; the linear model to describe these relationships was adequate. Spanish subjects scored significantly higher in DS and lower in AO than American subjects; no significant country difference in SA could be detected. Girls scored significantly higher than boys in AO in both countries; boys scored significantly lower in DS and higher in SA than girls in Spain, but the opposite was the case in the USA. Students from higher socioeconomic class scored lower in DS (in both countries) and higher in SA and AO (only in Spain) than students from lower classes. The more years the father had gone to school, the lower the children scored on DS in the USA and the higher they scored on SA in Spain. Results implicate society as a source of differences in attitudes and the re...
Estimation of nonlinear oscillations by an energy method

Abstract The mean output and amplitude of the limit cycle in an oscillating nonlinear system with a small parameter can be estimated in a simple manner through an integral energy method. The results agree with the tedious Poincare-Lindstedt and Krylov-Bogoliubov methods and can be applied easily to high order systems for which the latter techniques are not practical. Conditions under which process oscillations lead to a favorable shift in the mean output are obtained early in the analysis and independently of the estimate of the limit cycle amplitude.
Reducing central venous catheters in chronic hemodialysis—a commitment to arteriovenous fistula creation in children

Background An internal permanent vascular access [arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or arteriovenous graft (AVG)] is preferred over central venous catheters (CVC) for chronic hemodialysis. However, CVC remain the most commonly used access in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate our experience with AVF.
Terrorist financing: foxes run to ground

Reviews the progress of the measures against terrorism, a task hugely accelerated since the attacks of September 11. Outlines the US President’s power as expressed in the Executive Order on 24 September 2001; this was global in scope, and was targeted at terrorist financing and all associated with them, including even those like financial intermediaries who should have known better what was going on. Regards the creation of knowledgeable gatekeepers by the Patriot Act as crucial in the campaign for information flow in order to control the flow of funds between national borders, and explains the main provisions of the Act. Shows how the USA is building an international coalition of countries committed to the principles in the President’s Order.
An integrated approach to helicopter planetary gear fault diagnosis and failure prognosis

This paper introduces the design of an integrated framework for on-board fault diagnosis and failure prognosis of a helicopter transmission component, and describes briefly its main modules. It suggests means to (1) validate statistically and pre-process sensor data (vibration), (2) integrate model-based diagnosis and prognosis, (3) extract useful features or condition indicators from data de-noised by blind deconvolution, and (4) combine Bayesian estimation algorithms and measurements to detect and identify the fault and predict remaining useful life with specified confidence and minimum false alarms.
Hand Posture Subspaces for Dexterous Robotic Grasping

In this paper we focus on the concept of low-dimensional posture subspaces for artificial hands. We begin by discussing the applicability of a hand configuration subspace to the problem of automated grasp synthesis; our results show that low-dimensional optimization can be instrumental in deriving effective pre-grasp shapes for a number of complex robotic hands. We then show that the computational advantages of using a reduced dimensionality framework enable it to serve as an interface between the human and automated components of an interactive grasping system. We present an on-line grasp planner that allows a human operator to perform dexterous grasping tasks using an artificial hand. In order to achieve the computational rates required for effective user interaction, grasp planning is performed in a hand posture subspace of highly reduced dimensionality. The system also uses real-time input provided by the operator, further simplifying the search for stable grasps to the point where solutions can be found at interactive rates. We demonstrate our approach on a number of different hand models and target objects, in both real and virtual environments.
Statistical evaluation of population data for calculation of radioactive material transport accident risks

Calculation of accident dose-risk estimates with the RADTRAN code requires input data describing the population likely to be affected by the plume of radioactive material (RAM) released in a hypothetical transportation accident. In the existing model, population densities within 1/2 mile (0.8 km) of the route centerline are tabulated in three ranges (Rural, Suburban, and Urban). These population densities may be of questionable validity since the plume in the RADTRAN analysis is assumed to extend out to 120 km from the hypothetical accident site. We present a GIS-based population model which accounts for the actual distribution of population under a potential plume, and compare accident-risk estimates based on the resulting population densities with those based on the existing model. Results for individual points along a route differ greatly, but the cumulative accident risks for a sample route of a few hundred kilometers are found to be comparable, if not identical. We conclude, therefore, that for estimation of aggregate accident risks over typical routes of several hundred kilometers, the existing, simpler RADTRAN model is sufficiently detailed and accurate.
Using genre theory to teach students engineering lab report writing: a collaborative approach

Beginning Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) students often have difficulty learning the genre of lab report writing. This difficulty can be alleviated through genre theory strategies and research, which writing center consultants, for example, can use to focus on the specific form and content of engineering writing, which then can be taught to students in a writing center environment. Genre theory provides a means (1) for humanities writing center consultants to learn specific characteristics about engineering writing, (2) for interdisciplinary collaboration between writing professionals and engineers to take place, and (3) for students to have increased opportunities to learn the discourse of their field. All of these benefits are enhanced by discipline-specific writing programs that support and facilitate them. In addition, the collaboration provides a stimulating, fluid, creative environment in which to discuss engineering writing, an environment which reflects the changing needs of engineering education as a result of technological advancements. As technology continues to influence engineering education, prompting evolutions in both technical and communication skills and knowledge, genre theory and interdisciplinary collaboration will continue to gain importance as strategies for initiating students into the communication demands of their field. The discussion focuses on the integration of genre theory with writing instruction in the ECE Department at the University of South Carolina. This integration stimulated interaction among ECE faculty, composition and rhetoric faculty and students, and ECE students.
The relationship between minimum entropy control and risk-sensitive control for time-varying systems

The connection between minimum entropy control and risk-sensitive control for linear time-varying systems is investigated. For time-invariant systems, the entropy functional and the linear exponential quadratic Gaussian cost are the same. In this paper, it is shown that this is not true for general time varying systems. It does hold, however, when the system admits a state-space representation.
Impact of an integrated disease management program in reducing exacerbations in patients with severe asthma and COPD.

Summary Background Conflicting data exists on the effectiveness of integrated programs in reducing recurrent exacerbations and hospitalizations in patients with Asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). We developed a Pulmonologist-led Chronic Lung Disease Program (CLDP) for patients with severe asthma and COPD and analyzed its impact on healthcare utilization and predictors of its effectiveness. Methods CLDP elements included clinical evaluation, onsite pulmonary function testing, health education, and self-management action plan along with close scheduled and on-demand follow-up. Patients with ≥2 asthma or COPD exacerbations requiring emergency room visit or hospitalization within the prior year were enrolled, and followed for respiratory related ER visits (RER) and hospitalizations (RHA) over the year (357 ± 43 days) after CLDP interventions. Results A total of 106 patients were enrolled, and 104 patients were subject to analyses. During the year of follow-up after CLDP enrollment, there was a significant decrease in mean RER (0.56 ± 1.48 versus 2.62 ± 2.81, p p p Conclusions A Pulmonologist-led disease management program integrating key elements of care is cost effective and significantly decreases severe exacerbations. Integrated programs should be encouraged for care of frequent exacerbators of asthma and COPD.
Results of the MIT Space Communication and Navigation architecture study

NASA is currently conducting an architecture study for the next-generation Space Communication and Navigation system. This is an extremely complex problem with a variety of options in terms of band selection (RF, from S-band to Ka-band and beyond, or optical), network type (bent-pipe, circuit-switched, or packet-switched), fractionation strategies (monolithic, mother-daughters, homogeneous fractionation), orbit and constellation design (GEO/MEO/LEO, number of planes, number of satellites per plane), and so forth. When all the combinations are considered, the size of the tradespace grows to several millions of architectures. The ability of these architectures to meet the requirements from different user communities and other stakeholders (e.g., regulators, international partners) needs to be assessed. In this context, a computational tool was developed to enable the exploration of such large space of architectures in terms of both performance and cost. A preliminary version of this tool was presented in a paper last year. This paper describes an updated version of the tool featuring a higher-fidelity, rule-based scheduling algorithm, as well as several modifications in the architecture enumeration and cost models. It also discusses the validation results for the tool using real TDRSS data, as well as the results and sensitivity analyses for several forward-looking scenarios. Particular emphasis is put on families of architectures that are of interest to NASA, namely TDRSS-like architectures, architectures based on hosted payloads, and highly distributed architectures.
Towards the development of a complex structural inspection system using small-scale aerial vehicles and image processing

Inspections of structures such as bridges and high mast lightning (HML) and support poles are crucial to the maintenance and safety of transportation infrastructures. Government agencies rely on inspections to estimate the health of structures and make decisions-such as allocation of human resources and funds to maintain\repair the structures - that significantly affect public safety and costs. This paper describes a work-in-progress towards the development of a highly complex system capable of assisting structural inspectors during the inspection process. The authors present the conceptual design of a complex system capable of acquiring and processing image data of structures in near real-time efficiently and in a cost-effective manner. The completion of this highly complex system requires a robust systems engineering approach that integrates the software engineering, mobile technology, small-scale aerial vehicles, and transportation engineering disciplines.
Bayesian semiparametric modeling for matched case-control studies with multiple disease states.

Summary. We present a Bayesian approach to analyze matched “case–control” data with multiple disease states. The probability of disease development is described by a multinomial logistic regression model. The exposure distribution depends on the disease state and could vary across strata. In such a model, the number of stratum effect parameters grows in direct proportion to the sample size leading to inconsistent MLEs for the parameters of interest even when one uses a retrospective conditional likelihood. We adopt a semiparametric Bayesian framework instead, assuming a Dirichlet process prior with a mixing normal distribution on the distribution of the stratum effects. We also account for possible missingness in the exposure variable in our model. The actual estimation is carried out through a Markov chain Monte Carlo numerical integration scheme. The proposed methodology is illustrated through simulation and an example of a matched study on low birth weight of newborns (Hosmer, D. A. and Lemeshow, S., 2000, Applied Logistic Regression) with two possible disease groups matched with a control group.
Inbreeding Effects Contrary to the Direction of Selection in a Poultry Flock

Abstract REPORTS of the adverse effects of inbreeding on production traits of poultry are numerous (see Jull, 1933, for early references, and Stephenson et al., 1953, for more recent investigations). None of them, however, appear directly to consider the particular problem of the effects of inbreeding on egg-production in a flock specifically selected for this character, and in which the computed coefficients of inbreeding rise only because of the limited size of the population. A study of these effects in such a flock might yield information pertinent to the cessation of gains after long-continued selection and, more generally, to the future of closed flock breeding. The University of California Single Comb White Leghorn flock selected for egg-production seems to be particularly suited for a study of this issue. Its history has been given in some detail by Lerner (1950), and need not be restated here. It should, however, be stressed that …
Boundary-Layer Stability Analysis of the Mean Flows Obtained Using Unstructured Grids

Boundary-layer stability analyses of mean flows extracted from unstructured-grid Navier–Stokes solutions have been performed. A procedure has been developed to extract mean flow profiles from the FUN3D unstructured-grid solutions for the purpose of stability analysis. Extensive code-to-code validations were performed by comparing the extracted mean flows as well as the corresponding stability characteristics to the predictions based on structured-grid mean flow solutions. Comparisons were made for a set of progressively complex geometric configurations ranging from a simple flat plate to a full aircraft configuration: a modified Gulfstream III with a natural laminar-flow glove. The results for the swept wing flow over the wing–glove assembly point to the need for stability analysis based on Navier–Stokes solutions or possibly fully three-dimensional boundary-layer codes when the underlying flow develops strong three-dimensionality. The effect of grid resolution, mean flow convergence, and low-order interp...
Mental Illness in the Family A Comparison of Husbands' and Wives' Definitions

The prepatient phase of the moral career of the mental patient is examined from the standpoint of the male spouses of sixteen women hospitalized as schizophrenic in the late 1950s. The husbands' interpretations of their wives' troubles are compared with wives' interpretations of their hospitalized husbands' troubles in Yarrow et al.'s classic article on “The Psychological Meaning of Mental Illness in the Family.” Similarities in the structure of interpretation were related both to general cultural interpretations of trouble and to role relations in the family, while differences appeared to be an artifact of method. Differences in the content of interpretation were related both to the gender role division of labor in the family and to the affective tone of the marital relationship.
The equivalents of Schur-Cohn minors for delta-operator formulated discrete-time systems

The author presents certain quantities that may be regarded as Schur-Cohn minors applicable to /spl delta/-system characteristic polynomials. For this purpose, a recently introduced tabular method for stability checking of /spl delta/-systems is extended to the complex coefficient case. The results presented pave the way for developing effective algorithms for stability checking of two-dimensional and multidimensional /spl delta/-systems. >
Reconstruction of the portal vein during a whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy

(2002). Reconstruction of the Portal Vein During a Whipple Pancreaticoduodenectomy. The European Journal of Surgery: Vol. 168, No. 7, pp. 422-424.
Molecular dynamics study on coalescence of silver (Ag) nanoparticles and their deposition on gold (Au) substrates

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted to investigate the coalescence of Ag nanoparticles and their deposition on a gold substrate at various temperatures from 400 K to 1000 K, using embedded atom method (EAM). Density distribution function, x-z plane projection, spreading index, and coalescence index were analyzed to gain more insights into the sintering and diffusion process. Simulation results showed that Ag and Au atoms can diffuse into each other significantly at a temperature of 1000 K and reform intermetallic lattice structure after the temperature is cooled back to 400 K. Simulation data also demonstrated that even at a low temperature of 400 K, metal spheres can be collapsed and deposited on the substrate. Yet higher temperatures were helpful in enhancing the degree of collapsing and deposition.
Oxygen-18 of O2 Records the Impact of Abrupt Climate Change on the Terrestrial Biosphere

To understand the spatial patterns and consequences of past climate change requires the identification of reliable proxies that reflect specific aspects of those changes, such as temperature or rainfall in a given location. Also of interest are proxies for broader categories of change, such as methane production or the sources of carbon dioxide. Severinghaus et al. (p. [1431][1]) present a 100,000-year-long record of the oxygen isotopic composition of atmospheric O2 (δ18Oatm) extracted from air from polar ice cores. δ18Oatm is a general measure of the strength of low-latitude terrestrial photosynthesis and thus of local rainfall because plant metabolism is controlled in large part by water availability. δ18Oatm changes were related to Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger events, two modes of abrupt climate change common over that interval, and δ18Oatm was controlled mostly by the strength of the Asian and North African monsoons. The rapid changes observed should also help to synchronize ice core records. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1169473
Antibiotic resistance among enterococci isolated from clinical specimens between 1953 and 1954.

Two hundred twenty group D streptococci isolated from 1953 to 1954 from patients in the Washington, D.C., area were characterized. All were susceptible to ampicillin, vancomycin, and gentamicin; none produced beta-lactamase activity. High-level resistance to streptomycin was expressed by 117 strains, and 2 strains were resistant to >8 microg of chloramphenicol per ml. Three isolates were resistant to both erythromycin and lincomycin, and DNA from these hybridized to an ermAM probe. Of 118 strains resistant to tetracycline and minocycline, genomic DNA from 63 was examined for homology to tet(M), tet(O), and tet(S). DNA from 20 strains hybridized to tet(M), DNA from 37 strains hybridized to tet(S), and DNA from none of the strains hybridized to tet(O).
Enhanced Recovery from Thrombocytopenia and Neutropenia in Mice Constitutively Expressing a Placental Hematopoietic Cytokine

Expression of the placental hormone, prolactin-like protein E (PLP-E), a potent cytokine that acts on multiple myeloid lineages, is normally restricted to pregnancy and certain hematopoietic disease states. We hypothesized that the restricted pattern of PLP-E expression is necessary to avoid hyperstimulation of myelopoiesis. To test this idea, we have produced PLP-E transgenic mice and analyzed their steady-state blood cell levels. We find that blood cell levels remain in the normal range, and thus the constitutive expression of a cytokine of pregnancy fails to overcome the tight control of hematopoietic set points for blood cell levels. In contrast, an effect of constitutive PLP-E expression is detected during the recovery from low blood platelet levels (acute thrombocytopenia) and from low granulocyte levels (acute neutropenia) but not from anemia. Mice producing high circulating concentrations of PLP-E recover more rapidly from both thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, as seen both by an earlier increase of progenitor numbers in the bone marrow and the earlier return to normal circulating blood cell levels.
Reading the body in the text: FDR's 1932 speech to the democratic national convention

Roosevelt's disability, coupled with popular reactions to it, informs a reading of two pivotal events that transpired on July 2, 1932: Roosevelt's precedent breaking flight to the Democratic National Convention and his acceptance speech. While the flight drew the nation's attention to his ostensibly healthy body, the speech, by subtly inculcating references to his body, functioned to obfuscate and even deny the extent of Roosevelt's disability. Such bodily allusions also cast Herbert Hoover and other Republican leaders as physically unfit to lead the nation. Incorporating both the visual and the verbal, the “drama that Roosevelt so carefully staged” can be productively read as a rhetorical event, scripted to call attention to his healthy body.