cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
1032-118 Inoue Mitral Valvuloplasty: Profile and Correlates of Hospital Cost

Between January 1992 and December 1993, 46 Inoue Mitral Commissurotomies (IMV) were performed as part of a Multicenter Investigation. In the same period, 19 IMV-eligible open mitral valvuloplasties (OMV) were performed for mitral stenosis. There were no differences in baseline characteristics (p = NS): Age (mean) Female Echo score (mean) Valve area (mean) IMV 51.4 ± 12.01 87.0% 7.1 ± 15 1.1 cm2 OMV 53.6 ± 12.9 94.7% 77 ± 25 1.1 cm2 93.5% of IMV were successful without valve surgery. Median costs (in 1993 dollars) using the Transition Systems Inc. accounting method. and length of stay (LOS) were higher for OMV than IMV (p l 0.001). Deaths and Strokes were similar: Death Stroke LOS (days) Cost ($) IMV 2.2% 0.0% 1 5,210 OMV 5.3% 0.0% 7 19,692 Correlates of IMV cost in multivariable stepwise regression analysis were: Mitral valve replacement p = 0.0001 Hospital delay g 24 hours prior to IMV P = 0.0035 Final trans-mitral gradient p = 0.0263 After controlling for LOS, intra-procedural transesophageal echocardiography predicted higher cost (p = 0.006). In conclusion, IMV is an effective short-stay cost minimizing strategy in appropriate patients. Cost savings can be obtained by expeditiously achieving a low residual gradient while avoiding mitral valve replacement. The cost-benefit of routine transesophageal echocardiography requires further study.
Mechanisms in the haptic horizontal-vertical illusion: Evidence from sighted and blind subjects

The haptic horizontal-vertical illusion was studied in two experiments. In Experiment 1, the illusion was relatively weak in sighted subjects and depended on stimulus size and the nature of the figure, that is, whether the pattern was an inverted-T or L shape. Experiment 2 compared early blind and late blind subjects. The illusion was present for an inverted-T figure but absent for an L figure in late blind subjects. However, the early blind subjects treated both the L and T figures as similar and showed the illusion to both. These results support the idea that visual experience may alter haptic judgments in sighted and late blind subjects.
Echogenicity caused by stable microbubbles in a protein-lipid emulsion

Some investigators have hypothesized that the echogenicity of natural emulsions is due to protein-lipid interfaces. An in vitro investigation of these phenomena indicates that the observed echoes are the result of entrapped microbubbles that can remain relativelystable in certain naturally occurring products, such as buttermilk.
Combined function specification-regularization procedure for solution of inverse heat conduction problem

Methode combinee basee sur 2 methodes differentes: la methode de specification sequentielle proposee par Beck et la methode de regularisation utilisee par Tikhonov
Effect of laser intensity on the properties of carbon plasmas and deposited films

The effect of laser intensity on the deposition of diamondlike carbon (DLC) films has been studied using an ArF (193 nm) pulsed excimer laser. Our results are found to be distinct from other studies using Nd-YAG infrared or excimer 248-nm lasers. Two issues concerning the growth mechanism of the films are discussed: (1) the dynamics of the laser-induced plasma and (2) the dependence of the nature of the deposited films on laser intensity. To address the first issue, time-integrated optical emission spectroscopy has been carried out to investigate the carbon plasma induced by the ArF (193 nm) laser. Instead of molecular carbon bands (C{sub 2}), monoatomic neutral (C{sub I}) and ionic (C{sub II}) emission lines are found to dominate the spectra. The emissions of (C{sub I}) and (C{sub II}) have been studied as a function of laser intensity. For low laser intensity, the laser irradiation removes the target surface material primarily through thermal evaporation. When the laser intensity is above a threshold of (3.7{endash}4){times}10{sup 8} W/cm{sup 2}, the evaporated species are also ionized. The observed phenomenon can be attributed to higher multiphoton ionization and inverse bremsstrahlung rate as the laser intensity is increased. For the second issue, films deposited atmore » various intensities have been characterized by ellipsometry. Results show that films deposited at low intensity are found to have excellent optical transparency (E{sub g}=2.3 eV), which implies a considerable amount of sp{sup 3} bonds. However, films deposited at higher intensities are found to be more graphitic. The damage threshold has also been located at 3.7{times}10{sup 8} W/cm{sup 2}. A qualitative structural analysis based on the effective-medium approximation has been performed on the deposited films to investigate the influence of laser intensity on their microstructures. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}« less
Pairing Speech Sounds With Vagus Nerve Stimulation Drives Stimulus-specific Cortical Plasticity

Abstract Background Individuals with communication disorders, such as aphasia, exhibit weak auditory cortex responses to speech sounds and language impairments. Previous studies have demonstrated that pairing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with tones or tone trains can enhance both the spectral and temporal processing of sounds in auditory cortex, and can be used to reverse pathological primary auditory cortex (A1) plasticity in a rodent model of chronic tinnitus. Objective/hypothesis We predicted that pairing VNS with speech sounds would strengthen the A1 response to the paired speech sounds. Methods The speech sounds ‘rad’ and ‘lad’ were paired with VNS three hundred times per day for twenty days. A1 responses to both paired and novel speech sounds were recorded 24 h after the last VNS pairing session in anesthetized rats. Response strength, latency and neurometric decoding were compared between VNS speech paired and control rats. Results Our results show that VNS paired with speech sounds strengthened the auditory cortex response to the paired sounds, but did not strengthen the amplitude of the response to novel speech sounds. Responses to the paired sounds were faster and less variable in VNS speech paired rats compared to control rats. Neural plasticity that was specific to the frequency, intensity, and temporal characteristics of the paired speech sounds resulted in enhanced neural detection. Conclusion VNS speech sound pairing provides a novel method to enhance speech sound processing in the central auditory system. Delivery of VNS during speech therapy could improve outcomes in individuals with receptive language deficits.
An active index algorithm for the nearest point problem in a polyhedral cone

We consider the problem of finding the nearest point in a polyhedral cone C={x?R n :D x?0} to a given point b?R n , where D?R m×n . This problem can be formulated as a convex quadratic programming problem with special structure. We study the structure of this problem and its relationship with the nearest point problem in a pos cone through the concept of polar cones. We then use this relationship to design an efficient algorithm for solving the problem, and carry out computational experiments to evaluate its effectiveness. Our computational results show that our proposed algorithm is more efficient than other existing algorithms for solving this problem.
Knowledge and Attitudes About Tuberculosis Among U.S.-Born Blacks and Whites with Tuberculosis

Non-Hispanic blacks represent 13% of the U.S.-born population but account for 37% of tuberculosis (TB) cases reported in U.S.-born persons. Few studies have explored whether this disparity is associated with differences in TB-related knowledge and attitudes. Interviews were conducted with U.S.-born, non-Hispanic blacks and whites diagnosed with TB from August 2009 to December 2010 in cities and states that accounted for 27% of all TB cases diagnosed in these racial groups in the U.S. during that time period. Of 477 participants, 368 (77%) were non-Hispanic black and 109 (23%) were non-Hispanic white. Blacks had significantly less knowledge and more misconceptions about TB transmission and latent TB infection than whites. Most TB patients in both groups recalled being given TB information; having received such information was strongly correlated with TB knowledge. Providing information to U.S.-born TB patients significantly increased their knowledge and understanding of TB. More focused efforts are needed to provide TB information to U.S.-born black TB patients.
The physical properties of a visible light-cured temporary fixed partial denture material.

T he fit and function of a permanent cast restoration is often determined by the temporary coverage provided while the cast restoration is being made. The temporary crown should isolate the prepared tooth or teeth from the oral environment, stabilize the occluding and adjacent teeth, and provide compatible function, form, and esthetics. A satisfactory temporary restoration can be made from autopolymerizing acrylic resin. However, the placement of unpolymerized acrylic resins on dentin and the gingivae may lead to thermal irritation from the exothermic polymerization reaction to the resin or chemical irritation from free or residual monomer.‘,’ To combine reduced tissue toxicity and thermal irritation of the alternative resin systems with the ease of processing acrylic resins, a new visible light-cured (VLC) crown and fixed partial denture system that contains no methyl methacrylate has been introduced. This provisional fixed partial denture resin (Triad, Dentsply, York, Pa.) is ready to use from the package and remains workable until placed and cured by irradiation with visible light. Fig. 1. Rectangular specimen used in testing procedures.
MICRO INVESTMENT MOLDING: METHOD FOR CREATING INJECTION MOLDED HOLLOW PARTS

Micro investment molding combines traditional injection molding with investment casting to create hollow parts on the microscale. Silicon micromolds are manufactured using photolithography and reactive ion etching. Then, a sacrificial element is placed in the mold. Plastic is injected into the mold and around the sacrificial element using an injection molding press. After removing the plastic part from the mold, liquid etchant dissolves the sacrificial element leaving a hollow plastic part. To demonstrate the process microneedles were formed. Using 32 μm diameter aluminum bond wire as the sacrificial element hollow, in-plane, microneedles were formed out of Cyclic Olefin Copolymer (Ticona Topas® ). The longest needle has an overall length of 280 μm, cross-sectional dimensions of 130 μm × 100 μm and an approximate inner diameter of 35 μm.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Stoichiometry of labile sulfide, nonheme iron and flavin in reconstitutively active succinate dehydrogenase from heart mitochondria

Abstract Cardiac mitochondria and mitochondrial preparations have been found rich in nonheme iron ( Green and Wharton, 1963 ; King et al. 1964) . From these mitochondrial preparations is isolated the reconstitutively active, soluble succinate dehydrogenase which shows an unusually high content of nonheme iron ( King, 1963a ) and exhibits a distinct EPR signal at g = 1.94 ( King, 1961 ). This signal is presumably due to nonheme iron ( Beinert and Lee, 1961 ) linked with a protein in a special configuration. Recent studies mainly on ferredoxins of plants and microorganisms and hepatic aldehyde oxidase of presumably cytoplasmic origin have induced a generalization about the coexistence of nonheme iron in an amount essentially equivalent with the “labile sulfide” content (see, for example, Handler et al. , 1964 ; San Pietro, 1964 ). These facts prompted us to investigate the occurrence of labile sulfide, if any, and its stoichiometry with nonheme iron and flavin in succinate dehydrogenase. Results reported in this communication show that labile sulfide and nonheme iron do exist in approximate equivalence in the dehydrogenase. Thus, this finding reinforces the generalization about the coexistence of these two entities from a soluble, physiologically active enzyme of heart mitochondria.
Toward theories of friction and adhesion on quasicrystals

Abstract It has long been known that quasicrystal surfaces show low sliding friction and adhesion, features that have led to practical applications, notably in cookware. Several mechanisms have been proposed for how quasiperiodicity might result in low friction and low adhesion. These include mechanical characteristics (stiffness and hardness), electronic properties, phonon propagation, surface topography at atomic length scales, and relatively irrational spacings between the atoms of the two sliding surfaces (“superlubricity”). Recent work by Park et al. finds an eightfold anisotropy in the coefficient of sliding friction between a decagonal quasicrystal surface and a passivated probe. This giant anisotropy epitomizes in a single experiment the difference between periodicity and aperiodicity, yet theoretical explanations of the effect remain controversial.
The Daily Show with Jon Stewart and Audience Attitude Change During the 2004 Party Conventions

The intention of this analysis is to examine The Daily Show with Jon Stewart’s coverage of politics and assess the persuasive power of the program’s unique brand of humor. Evidence from a content analysis of The Daily Show’s “Indecision 2004” coverage of the Democratic and Republican Party Conventions shows the program’s humor was much harsher during the Republican Convention than it was during the Democratic Convention. While the humor in both conventions was heavily based on self-deprecation and the exploitation of conventional political stereotypes, the ridicule of Republicans focused much more on policy and character flaws. Humor pointed toward Democrats, on the other hand, tended to focus more on innocuous physical attributes. Analysis of panel data collected by the National Annenberg Election Survey during the 2004 national party conventions shows that exposure to The Daily Show’s convention coverage was associated with increased negativity toward President Bush and Vice-President Dick Cheney. These relationships remain significant even when controlling for partisan identification and ideology. Attitudes toward the Democratic ticket, John Kerry and John Edwards remained consistent.
Occurrence of Maximum Quantum and Thermal Detection Efficiencies Attainable with a Planckian Radiator

The occurrence of maximum quantum or thermal detection efficiency (defined here as the ratio of utilized photons or energy to the total emitted by a Planckian radiator) was determined theoretically as a function of the absorption edge and bandwidth of the detector, and the temperature of the Planckian radiator. It is assumed that the quantum or thermal efficiency of the detector is constant within the bandwidth in question and zero elsewhere. The application of the specific results derived here is limited to source–detector combinations where the source spectral energy or photon distribution approximates that of a Planckian radiator. A “noise level” and its effect on the efficiency are not considered in the present analysis. The outcome of the analysis is a series of “displacement laws” which are similar to the Wien displacement law, λmT=0.2898 cm °K.It is shown that the temperature should be increased for maximum efficiency as the bandwidth of the detector is increased.
Different effects of TrkA expression in neuroblastoma cell lines with or without MYCN amplification.

Background Expression of the neurotrophin receptor TrkA is associated with a favorable prognosis in neuroblastoma (NB) and promotes growth inhibition and neuronal differentiation. Aggressive, MYCN-amplified NB tumors express little or no TrkA mRNA, suggesting that MYCN overexpression may inhibit TrkA expression. Procedure To study the interactions of TrkA expression and MYCN amplification in NB, we stably expressed the TrkA receptor in the MYCN single copy cell lines SH-SY5Y and NB69 as well as in the MYCN amplified cell lines CHP134 and IMR5. Results All four transfected cell lines demonstrated high TrkA expression and similar activation of the TrkA receptor and of mitogen-activated protein kinases as well as induction of immediate-early genes in response to nerve growth factor (NGF). Introduction of TrkA restored NGF responsiveness of SH-SY5Y and NB69 cells, as demonstrated by morphologic differentiation, growth inhibition, and enhanced survival in serum-free medium. However, no morphologic, growth, or survival responses to NGF were detected in MYCN-amplified CHP134 and IMR5 TrkA transfectants. Conclusions Thus, transfection of TrkA into MYCN amplified NB cell lines only partly restored the TrkA/NGF signaling pathway, suggesting additional inhibitory effects of MYCN overexpression on TrkA signaling. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 35:623–627, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Moral Orientations of Justice and Care among Young Physicians

High moral standards and adherence to a moral code have long been strong tenets of the profession of medicine, even though there have been occasional lapses that have led to renewed calls for a revitalization of moral integrity in medicine. Certainly, a moral component has generally been held to be an important aspect of the concept of a physician.
Need for an Ethical Framework for Testing for Systemic Diseases in Dental Clinics.

Testing for systemic diseases in dental clinics is a potentially attractive avenue for oral health professionals and may be viewed as an opportunity to increase professional reach, expand practice, and improve financial returns. However, several ethical questions arise that must be addressed before such activities are adopted. (1) What should be the level of training dentists must acquire to deal with challenges associated with testing? (2) How well are dental practices aware of and compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and procedures related to informed consent? (3) What is the evidence regarding acceptability and effectiveness of testing? (4) What should be the acceptable standard of practice for conduct of invasive and noninvasive tests? (5) What is the boundary delineating "testing" and "reporting" vis-a-vis counseling? (6) What is the value of testing without counseling? (7) What assurances need to be in place to ensure voluntariness of testing? (8) How would data from testing be used in "research," especially with the growth of practice based research networks? and (9) Does the American Dental Association Code of Ethics need to incorporate guidance for practicing dentists? We discuss how ethical principles can be used to develop a framework of guidelines for potential testing for systemic diseases in dental clinics..
Travelling waves for forced Fishers's equation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses travelling waves for forced Fisher's equation and describes Fisher's partial differential equation for model population growth. The method of Liapunov–Schmidt and the bifurcation from a simple eigenvalue theorem of Crandall and Rabinowitz imply that there are solutions of the form where the function satisfies the asymptotic. The saddle point theory of periodic differential equations can be used to obtain the existence of a transverse heteroclinic point and infinitely many waves.
Aggregation state determines the localization and function of M1– and M23–aquaporin-4 in astrocytes

The astrocyte water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is expressed as heterotetramers of M1 and M23 isoforms in which the presence of M23–AQP4 promotes formation of large macromolecular aggregates termed orthogonal arrays. Here, we demonstrate that the AQP4 aggregation state determines its subcellular localization and cellular functions. Individually expressed M1–AQP4 was freely mobile in the plasma membrane and could diffuse into rapidly extending lamellipodial regions to support cell migration. In contrast, M23–AQP4 formed large arrays that did not diffuse rapidly enough to enter lamellipodia and instead stably bound adhesion complexes and polarized to astrocyte end-feet in vivo. Co-expressed M1– and M23–AQP4 formed aggregates of variable size that segregated due to diffusional sieving of small, mobile M1–AQP4-enriched arrays into lamellipodia and preferential interaction of large, M23–AQP4-enriched arrays with the extracellular matrix. Our results therefore demonstrate an aggregation state–dependent mechanism for segregation of plasma membrane protein complexes that confers specific functional roles to M1– and M23–AQP4.
Luteotropic response in pituitary-ovarian isografts in male mice.

SummaryUntreated intact male mice, bearing intraocular ovarian and pituitary isografts, showed only sporadic luteinization. Following administration of 5 μg of LH, over 70% of ovarian grafts developed functional (hyperemic) corpora lutea. Duration of this function was increased by 10 vs one or 3 doses. It was also increased by bilateral vs unilateral intraocular grafts of half pituitaries, and by 4 vs 2 subcutaneous grafts. In unilateral intraocular grafts, duration was longer in the ovarian tissue contiguous, than in that not contiguous, with the pituitary tissue. The sex of the pituitary donor did not influence luteal function.
Effects of Warning Symbol Explicitness and Warning Color on Behavioral Compliance

Previous research has shown that signal words, warning colors, and symbol explicitness can affect warning effectiveness and hazard perceptions. This study assessed the impact of two warning colors, two warning sign types, and two levels of symbol explicitness on college student behavior. Scaffolding was erected in front of a building to simulate a construction area, and warning signs were placed on one door instructing individuals to use an alternate exit. Warning effectiveness was assessed by comparing transformed proportion data based on the number of people exiting the building. The presence of a sign significantly altered traffic patterns. The traffic patterns did not vary as a function of warning color, sign type, or symbol explicitness.
Research on the Psychiatric Evaluation of the Bilingual Patient: A Methodological Critique:

Several researchers have focused on the possible impact of interview language on the psychiatric evaluation of the bilingual patient and have reported conflicting results and conclusions. It is suggested that the area is in a state of confusion that may be attributed to certain methodological weaknesses and inconsistencies in the research. The major flaws are examined here, and general guidelines for future research are suggested.
Transformation of meristematic cells in the shoot apex of cultured pea shoots by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes

Different tissues in cultured pea shoots were inoculated withAgrobacterium tumefaciens wild types C 58 and ACH 5 andA. rhizogenes wild type 9402. The C 58 and 9402 bacteria induced the formation of tumours and hairy roots respectively while the ACH 5 was inactive. The younger the tissue the more rapidly it responded to the active bacteria. The shoot apex was the most reactive organ and developed into a tumour, theA. rhizogenes tumours subsequently giving rise to transformed hairy roots. Histological examination showed that transformed cells (including those within the apical dome) initially became highly vacuolate before dividing rapidly to form a tumour. These changes were accompanied by cell division in surrounding tissues.
Compactifications determined by subsets of C∗(X), II

Abstract It is well known that every compactification of a completely regular space X can be generated, via a Tychonoff-type embedding, by some suitably chosen subset of C∗(X). Different subsets may give rise to equivalent compactifications, and we are concerned with the problem of finding all subsets of C∗(X) which yield a given compactification αX. The problem is easier if generalized: we say that a subset F of C∗(X) “determines” the compactification αX if αX is the smallest compactification to which every element of F extends, and give a simple necessary and sufficient condition for F to determine a given compactification αX. A number of sufficient conditions for two sets to determine the same compactification are given, and the relation between sets which determine αX and those which generate αX (via an embedding) is considered. Generally, a much smaller set of functions is required to determine αX than to generate it; the number needed to determine αX is never more than the weight of αX−X, while the number required to generate it is, if infinite, equal to the weight of αX.
The Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on the Volume and Electrolyte Content of the Uterine Luminal Fluid of the Rat

Rat uterine luminal fluid sodium and potassium contents have been studied by an uterine washing method and the volume of uterine fluid in each washing has been calculated by use of a molar electrolyte dilution factor: Three daily intramuscular injections of 10 μg estradiol-17² in 0.1 ml of an inert vehicle (ethyl laurate) in 10-day spayed rats, caused a 3-fold increase in the empty uterine horn weight (from 58 to 168 mg) and a 400-fold increase in the uterine luminal fluid volume (from 1.2 μl to 550 μl). Progesterone, 5 mg daily, given with the estradiol, gave an uterine weight (158 mg) almost as great as estradiol alone, but the progesterone completely blocked the accumulation of uterine luminal fluid (2.5 μl). A fall in the Na/K molar ratio of the uterine fluid from 3.5 in spayed controls to 1.8 was observed following low dose estradiol (0.01 μg) which did not cause an increase in uterine fluid volume. A higher dose of estradiol (0.1 μg) caused a marked rise in the Na/K ratio to 9.3 with the onset of ut...
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: Advances in Biology and Future Directions for Treatment

The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked disorder characterized by a triad of diagnostic clinical elements: immunodeficiency, eczema, and hemorrhage caused by thrombocytopenia with small-sized platelets. The formal proof that hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) could be used to cure WAS revealed a requirement for both immunosuppression and myelosuppression that still underlies the standard approach to curative therapy today. The current short- and long-term toxicities of HCT are the main stumbling block for the ability to cure every patient with WAS and X-linked thrombocytopenia, and much remains to be done.
Effects of structure on the liquid-glass transition.

We investigate the effects of liquid structure on the transport properties of dense fluids, using nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamics. The longitudinal and shear viscosities for a Lennard-Jones system at different temperatures and pressures are computed. We find a rounded version of the transition to a glassy phase. Agreement of our results with computer simulation data is good. We also find qualitative agreement between our results and real experiments.
The degree of approximation by polynomials on some disjoint intervals in the complex plane

Let f(z) be a continuous function defined on the compact set K@?C and let E"n(f)=E"n(f,K) be the degree of approximation to f, for the supremum norm on K, by polynomials of degree (at most) n. ThusE"n(f,K)=infP@?P"n@?f-P@?.Here P"n denotes the space of polynomials of degree at most n and @?.@? is the supremum norm on K. For a positive integer s and for 0~E"n(f,K)^1^n=b^s^2-a^s^2b^s^2+a^s^2s,thus recovering several classical results. The proof of this error estimate is then translated into an algorithm that finds the polynomial of near best approximation.
One hundred consecutive laparoscopic ventral hernia repairs

Abstract Background Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair is becoming a promising alternative with many potential advantages, but this procedure is still under study. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the laparoscopic approach to ventral hernia repair. Methods One hundred consecutive laparoscopic ventral hernia repairs between April 2000 and February 2003 were prospectively entered into a database and reviewed. Results Ninety-seven ventral hernia repairs were completed laparoscopically. The mean time in the operating room was 128 minutes (range 37 to 255). The average length of stay was 2 days (range 0 to 9). The mortality rate was 0%. A total of 23% of patients experienced postoperative complications. Over a mean follow-up period of 3 months (range 0 to 26), 6% (6 of 97) of patients experienced recurrences. Conclusions Laparoscopic ventral hernia repair can be safely performed with a low conversion rate and acceptable recurrence rate, operative time, length of stay, and morbidity. Securing the mesh with full-thickness abdominal wall sutures in at least 4 quadrants remains a key factor in preventing early recurrence.
Subgroups and the Partitioning Property

(1993). Subgroups and the Partitioning Property. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 114-115.
Intraocular Gas Injection in the Pseudophakic Patient

Two patients underwent vitrectomy with the use of intraocular gas. In one patient the cornea decompensated because of lens-cornea contact and in the second patient a surgical technique devised to protect the cornea from lens contact was used successfully. The technique consisted of injecting a smaller gas bubble into the anterior chamber before the instillation of the posterior chamber gas.
Investigation of V Oxidation States in Reduced V/Al2O3Catalysts by XPS

The distribution of vanadium oxidation states in a 5.9 wt% V/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst reduced in H{sub 2} or CO was determined from XPS V 2p spectra. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to statistically determine the number of components (oxidation states) that describe the V 2p{sub 3/2} envelope of the reduced V/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} catalyst. The peak positions and FWHMs of the components were obtained from iterative target transformation factor analysis (ITTFA). The V 2p{sub 3/2} envelope is composed of two components (oxidation states), which are centered at 517.2 and 515.5 eV (FWHMs of 2.6 and 2.3 eV, respectively) when H{sub 2} is the reducing agent and at 517.3 and 515.8 eV (FWHMs 2.7-2.8 eV) when CO is the reducing agent. The components were assigned to V{sup 5+} and V{sup 3+} based on the difference in the binding energies and the results of a volumetric study of catalyst reduction in CO. The spectral information gained from PCA and ITTFA was used to curve fit the V 2p envelopes. The extent of reduction of the V phase was estimated from the relative abundances of V{sup 5+} and V{sup 3+} determined by curve fitting and corrected for the presumably lower dispersionmore » of the V{sup 3+} species. The results indicated a decrease in the average oxidation state of V to 3.5 with increasing the reduction temperature in H{sub 2} up to 662{degrees}C. Reduction in the presence of CO was measured volumetrically and showed a decrease in the average oxidation state from 5 to 3.3 over the temperature range 155-510{degrees}C. Curve fitting the spectra of the CO-reduced samples using the two spectral components identified through factor analysis yielded an average oxidation state of ca.3.6 upon reduction at 510{degrees}C. 40 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs.« less
Mutual Aid: A Contribution to Best-Practice Social Work

This keynote speech, delivered in French and translated to English with minor adjustments for publication, presents some of the author's ideas about mutual-aid practice as best-practice social work. The author discusses the etiology and centrality of mutual aid in social work with groups, presents five characteristics of mutual-aid practice that reflect best-practice social work and identifies four key characteristics—joy in sharing, faith, courage, and curiosity—of mutual-aid practitioners. Similarities between mutual-aid practice and evidence-based group work, practice evaluation and participatory-action research are discussed as well. The author presents group work as inherently evidence based and challenges the idea that subjective measures alone may not be valid in reaching this determination.
First‐Year Growth and Food of Largemouth Bass in a South Dakota Borrow Pit Stocked with Fathead Minnows

Abstract A South Dakota borrow pit was stocked with largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in 1976, and first-year growth and food of the bass were studied. The mean total length and weight of largemouth bass increased from 57 to 159 mm and from 2.5 to 61 g. Water boatmen (Corixidae) made up 44.8% of the food volume, fathead minnows 26.0%, mayfly nymphs (Ephemeroptera) 18.9%, and back swimmers (Notonectidae), midges (Chironomidae), and damselfly nymphs (Odonala) 10.3%. The largemouth bass never became primarily piscivorous. Boards placed in the pond for fathead minnow spawning were also used by corixids for ovipositing and may have increased corixid production. Forage fish apparently were not essential as food for young-of-the-year largemouth bass.
Photosubstitution reactions of some Cr(III) complexes

Abstract The ion Cr(H 2 O) 6 3+ is found to undergo second order photochemical substitution reactions with thiocyanate and chloride ions, and, likewise, Cr(NH 3 ) 5 (H 2 O) 3+ , with thiocyanate ion. Quantum yields for the forward and reverse reactions are given for the wavelength region 400 to 575 mμ, and, for the first system, at several temperatures. It is suggested that the mechanism for the second order processes involves formation of an ion pair which then undergoes a photochemical outer-inner sphere exchange of ligands. An evaluation is made of the evidence bearing on the exact nature of the photoactivated state involved. From a study of the reverse or photoaquation reactions, in the case of the thiocyanate containing systems, it is possible to calculate the pseudo equilibrium constants for the photostationary states obtained after long irradiation. Since these are wavelength dependent, the systems are photochromic in nature and may have some useful applications.
Numerical Algorithms for Squaring-Up Non-Square Systems Part II: General Case

In this paper, we present numerical algorithms for squaring a non-square system by finding additional columns in input matrix (for tall systems) and by finding additional rows in output matrix (for fat systems). Several case are considered depending up the requirements on the rank of the input-output interaction matrix.
Electromagnetic Probes of Strongly Interacting Matter

Abstract Photons and dileptons are being used to probe the properties of nuclear and quark-gluon matter at high energy densities. This is an area where theory and experiment are driving each other to obtain solid results. However, it is important to clearly separate the assumptions and conclusions concerning the correlation and response functions of a system in thermal equilibrium from the space-time dynamics used to model the evolution of the matter created in the nuclear collision.
ATLAS pixel radiation monitoring with the high voltage delivery system

Abstract We describe the principles of radiation damage monitoring using current measurement of the pixel sensors to be provided by the circuits of ATLAS Pixel Detector high voltage delivery (HVPP4) system. The dependence of the leakage current upon the integrated luminosity for several temperature scenarios is presented. Based on the analysis we have determined the sensitivity specifications for a Current Measurement System under development at the University of New Mexico, USA and CERN. The status of the development is presented as well, and some characteristics of the prototype system are shown.
When using technology isn’t enough: A comparison of high school civics teachers’ TPCK in one-to-one laptop environments

In this multiple case study, the authors compare the instruction of two high school civics teachers during the 2012 Presidential Election. Both were highly-qualified practitioners who worked in schools with one-to-one laptop initiatives, creating an environment in which access to digital technology ceased to be an issue. Although both teachers regularly used technology in their classrooms, the authors describe stark differences in the complexity and authenticity of their instruction, which the authors attribute to the teachers? technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK). The authors conclude by discussing implications for better understanding TPCK within civics instruction, specifically in classrooms with one-to-one laptop access.
Regional quantitative genetics research on poultry in the United States.

(1968). Regional Quantitative Genetics Research on Poultry in the United States. World's Poultry Science Journal: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 300-308.
The Home Advantage in High School Basketball

Occurrence of the home field advantage in high school basketball was examined for percentages of games won at home and away for four male varsity basketball teams from 1968–1988. Statistically sign...
Variability in the amount of heterozygosity maintained by neutral mutations.

The probability H, that a randomly chosen individual will be heterozygous at a given locus is an important parameter for many problems in population genetics. The average value of H maintained by selectively neutral mutations is well known, but it is also of interest to know how H varies among populations or, equivalently, how it fluctuates in a single population. In this paper we find the probability distribution of H in panmictic populations where three selectively neutral alleles mutate to each other. We obtain formulas for the variance of H in populations with any given number of alleles and formulas for all moments when the mutations are non recurrent. To give an idea how variable His, we have calculated the ratio of its standard deviation a, , to its mean ff. For nonrecurrent mutations with mutation rate u and effective population size N, we find that u,lR is 1/61i2 w 0.41 when B = 4N,u = 1 and increases to 1.75 as l-l decreases to 0.1 and to 5.75 when 0 = 0.01. This means that for small values of 4N,u it must happen quite commonly that H is several times greater than its average value. In case only three alleles are segregating, this large variance is explained by the surprising form of the distribution function of H. We consider this case in detail because the explicit formulas we obtain show phenomena that are likely to appear in more general situations also.
Measuring concentrations of volatile organic compounds in vinyl flooring.

ABSTRACT The initial solid-phase concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a key parameter influencing the emission characteristics of many indoor materials. Solid-phase measurements are typically made using solvent extraction or thermal headspace analysis. The high temperatures and chemical solvents associated with these methods can modify the physical structure of polymeric materials and, consequently, affect mass transfer characteristics. To measure solid-phase concentrations under conditions resembling those in which the material would be installed in an indoor environment, a new technique was developed for measuring VOC concentrations in vinyl flooring (VF) and similar materials. A 0.09-m2 section of new VF was punched randomly to produce ~200 0.78-cm2 disks. The disks were milled to a powder at -140 °C to simultaneously homogenize the material and reduce the diffusion path length without loss of VOCs. VOCs were extracted from the VF particles at room temperature by fluidized-bed desorpti...
Endocrinopathies in survivors of childhood neoplasia.

Advancements in cancer treatments have increased the number of childhood cancer survivors. Endocrinopathies are common complications following cancer therapy and may occur decades later. The objective of the review is to address the main endocrine abnormalities detected in childhood cancer survivors including disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, thyroid, puberty, gonads, bone, body composition, and glucose metabolism.
Development of an edema factor-mediated cAMP-induction bioassay for detecting antibody-mediated neutralization of anthrax protective antigen

Intoxication of mammalian cells by Bacillus anthracis requires the coordinate activity of three distinct bacterial proteins: protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF), and lethal factor (LF). Among these proteins, PA has become the major focus of work on monoclonal antibodies and vaccines designed to treat or prevent anthrax infection since neither EF nor LF is capable of inducing cellular toxicity in its absence. Here, we present the development of a sensitive, precise, and biologically relevant bioassay platform capable of quantifying antibody-mediated PA neutralization. This bioassay is based on the ability of PA to bind and shuttle EF, a bacterial adenylate cyclase, into mammalian cells leading to an increase in cAMP that can be quantified using a sensitive chemiluminescent ELISA. The results of this study indicate that the cAMP-induction assay possesses the necessary performance characteristics for use as both a potency-indicating release assay in a quality control setting and as a surrogate pharmacodynamic marker for ensuring the continued bioactivity of therapeutic antibodies against PA during clinical trials.
Unimanual and Bimanual Continuous Movements Benefit From Visual Instructions in Persons With Down Syndrome

The authors' aim was to understand how persons with Down syndrome (DS) perform different tasks and to assess if there were any differences in performance based on the type of instructions. This is important because of neurological differences in persons with DS and neurological demands for performing different types of tasks. Twenty right-handed participants with DS, 20 chronological age-matched (CA), and 20 mental age-matched (MA) performed unimanual, bimanual, discrete, and continuous drumming following visual, auditory, and verbal instructions. Overall, discrete drumming was performed with shorter movement times than continuous drumming and unimanual drumming was performed with shorter movement amplitude than bimanual drumming. With respect to instructions, persons with DS performed with smaller amplitudes, thus more efficient movements, following the visual instructions than auditory and verbal instructions for all types of tasks, whereas CA performed similarly with all instructions and MA performed with smaller amplitudes with visual instructions than auditory instructions. These results suggest that visual instruction provides the best information for people with DS to aid in performance of many different types of movements.
Preproenkephalin A Gene Expression in Rat Pineal

Preproenkephalin A (ppEnk) mRNA has been identified in extracts of rat pineal gland using oligonucleotides complementary to nonoverlapping regions of this mRNA. The mRNA has an apparent molecular size
The carotenoid band shift in reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides

Abstract A specific carotenoid associated with reaction centers purified from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides shows an optical absorbance change in response to photochemical activity, at temperatures down to 35 K. The change corresponds to a bathochromic shift of 1 nm of each absorption band. The same change is induced by either chemical oxidation or photo-oxidation of reaction center bacteriochlorophyll (P-870). Reduction of the electron acceptor of the reaction center, either chemically or photochemically, does not cause a carotenoid absorbance change or modify a change already induced by oxidation of P-870. The change of the carotenoid spectrum can therefore be correlated with the appearance of positive charge in the reaction center. In these studies we observed that at 35 K the absorption band of reaction center bacteriochlorophyll near 600 nm exhibits a shoulder at 605 nm. The resolution into two components is more pronounced in the light-dark difference spectrum. This observation is consistent with our earlier finding, that the “special pair” of bacteriochlorophyll molecules that acts as photochemical electron donor has a dimer-like absorption spectrum in the near infrared.
Spin-free quantum electronic structure: Its second quantization and para-Fermionics†

First, the spin-free formulation of electronic structure is reviewed within the standard first-quantized framework, with special attention to its manner of correspondence to the standard antisymmetrized space-spin (ASspin) formulation. Second, within this first-quantized framework, note is made of some “discrepancies” in the correspondence, for example, regarding mismatches of symmetry-related degeneracies. Third, a novel second-quantized spin-free formulation is introduced to overcome these “discrepancies,” and so achieve a one-to-one correspondence between ASspin wave functions and second-quantized spin-free wave functions. Yet further, this second-quantized spin-free description enables the identification of electrons as “para-Fermions,” at least in the nonrelativistic limit of spin-free interactions. From the point of view of elementary particle physics, a rather complete picture of the behavior of para-Fermions emerges with electrons as a proxy, and so suggests that in fact para-Fermions would be difficult to distinguish from ordinary Fermions, at least in this nonrelativistic limit or with but few such particles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2011
Acute respiratory distress syndrome: A clinical review.

AbstractThe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex disorder of heterogeneous etiologies characterized by a consistent, recognizable pattern of lung injury. Extensive epidemiologic studies and clinical intervention trials have been conducted to address the high mortality of this disorder and have provided significant insight into the complexity of studying new therapies for this condition. The existing clinical investigations in ARDS will be highlighted in this review. The limitations to current definitions, patient selection, and outcome assessment will be considered. While significant attention has been focused on the parenchymal injury that characterizes this disorder and the clinical support of gas exchange function, relatively limited focus has been directed to hemodynamic and pulmonary vascular dysfunction equally prominent in the disease. The limited available clinical information in this area will also be reviewed. The current standards for cardiopulmonary management of the conditi...
Mixture designs for product improvement studies

Many products are mixtures of several components (ingredient). Characteristics of the products such as the strength of steel, the efficacy of a chemical pesticide, or the viscosity of a liquid detergent, depend only on the relative proportions of the components in the mixture. Studying changes in a product' properties caused by varying the ingredient proportions is the objective of performing mixture experiments. The inherent restriction that the sum of the component proportions equal unity creates different design strategies than are usually employed with independent factors where factorial arrangements are quite common. Experimental designs for exploring the entire mixture simplex region as well as for exploring only a subregion of the simplex are presented. In those cases where four or more components are considered and a subregion is to be investigated, computer-aided designs are the rule rather than the exception. Design criterion based on the properties (variance and bias) of the prediction equation...
Electrical resistivity changes in spreading liquid films

Abstract A hydrochloric acid solution rising in a glass vessel is preceded by an electrically conductive film that forms on the walls of the vessel. This film was demonstrated by monitoring the electrical resistance between the solution and an aluminum electrode that was vapor-deposited on one end of a clean glass slide whose other end was dipped into the solution. The solution could be made to advance along the slide at a variety of rates; thus studied, film length appeared to vary directly with spreading velocity. We interpret our results to confirm in many respects the model proposed by Bascom et al. to describe the spreading of nonpolar liquids on metal surfaces.