cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surveillance Result After Elimination of Filariasis in Hongya County

Objective To monitor the epidemic dynamic and transmission state of filariasis after the disease was eliminated in Hongya County so as to cosolidate the control achievement.Method Surveillance on etiology,mosquito vector and key population was conducted in endemic areas of Hongya County.Besides,investigation and re-examination of original chronic filariasis cases were carried out.Result Surveillance results showed that no microfilariemia was found in 3 521 persons,no positive was found in 2 038 mosquitoes,and no microfilaria was detected in key population.15 out of 306 original filariasis cases still existed in 2005 and they all received special care and treatment from the government.Conclusion Filariasis transmission has been interrupted and the achievement of elimination of filariasis is consolidated in Hongya County.
The Performance of Mostly Liquidated Buyout Funds, 2000-2007 Vintage Years

We conduct a study dedicated principally to older leveraged buyout funds that have had the opportunity for multiple portfolio company liquidations, or have been fully liquidated. Examining 186 funds in the vintage years from 2000 to 2007 with complete cash flow data from the Preqin database, we find that 61% beat the S&P 500 plus 3% (a common benchmark), and 39% did not. We find that funds from the earlier vintage years had better performance relative to broad equity market benchmarks than the later years. The later vintage year funds have larger RVPIs than the early vintage year funds, most of which had been fully liquidated. In addition, we find that moderately-liquidated funds tend to have worse results than mostly-liquidated funds. Lastly, in examining a group of fund families with three or more funds, we find no strong evidence of consistency.
Reactive oxygen species accelerate degradation of anion exchange membranes based on polyphenylene oxide in alkaline environments

Anion exchange membranes (AEM) based on polyphenylene oxide (PPO) suffered quaternary-ammonium-cation-site degradation in alkaline environments. Surprisingly, the degradation rate was considerably faster in the presence of molecular oxygen. We postulated that the AEM cation-site catalyzes the reduction of dioxygen by hydroxide ions to yield the superoxide anion radical and the highly reactive hydroxyl free radical. We substantiated our hypothesis by using a phosphorous-containing spin trap (5-diisopropoxy-phosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) to detect the adducts for both free radicals in situ using 31P-NMR spectroscopy.
Case Study - Alpha

This case study was developed from an actual scenario by Dr. Steve Leybourne of Boston University. The case documents the historical evolution of an organization, and has been used successfully in courses dealing with organizational and cultural change, and the utilization of ‘soft skills’ in project-based management. This is a short case, ideal for classroom use and discussion. The issues are easily accessible to students, and there is a single wide ranging question that allows for the inclusion of many issues surrounding strategic decision-making, and behavioural and cultural change. Alpha was one of the earlier companies in the USA to invest in large, edge-of-town superstores, with plentiful free vehicle parking, selling food and related household products. Alpha was created in the 1950s as a subsidiary of a major publicly quoted retail group. It started business by opening a string of very large discount stores in converted industrial and warehouse premises in the south of the United States. In the early days shoppers were offered a limited range of very competitively priced products. When Alpha went public in 1981 it was the fourth largest food retailer in the US, selling an ever-widening range of food and non-food products. Its success continued to be based on high volume, low margins and good value for money, under the slogan of ‘Alpha Price.’
A checklist of papers since 1951 dealing with imprinting in birds

This article is a checklist of all known papers, abstracts, and letters since 1951 dealing wholly or substantially with imprinting in birds. More than 40 persons who have published in the area of imprinting were personally contacted (a) to verify their listings in the checklist, and (b) to ascertain if they had more items in print or in press. The checklist may be used as a main reference source in situations where space is limited.
Ultracold molecules strongly coupled to a nanophotonic crystal: an universal platform for ultracold chemistry experiments

We develop a novel platform for the study of ultracold chemical reactions and quantum information protocols based on the strong coupling between ultracold molecules and a nanophotonic device.
Predictors and Outcomes of Postcontrast Acute Kidney Injury after Endovascular Renal Artery Intervention.

Abstract Purpose To determine incidence, predictors, and clinical outcomes of postcontrast acute kidney injury (PC-AKI) following renal artery stent placement for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. Materials and Methods This retrospective study reviewed 1,052 patients who underwent renal artery stent placement for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis; 437 patients with follow-up data were included. Mean age was 73.6 years ± 8.3. PC-AKI was defined as absolute serum creatinine increase ≥ 0.3 mg/dL or percentage increase in serum creatinine ≥ 50% within 48 hours of intervention. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for PC-AKI. The cumulative proportion of patients who died or went on to hemodialysis was determined using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results Mean follow-up was 71.1 months ± 68.4. PC-AKI developed in 26 patients (5.9%). Patients with PC-AKI had significantly higher levels of baseline proteinuria compared with patients without PC-AKI (odds ratio = 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.72; P = .004). Hydration before intervention, chronic kidney disease stage, baseline glomerular filtration rate, statin medications, contrast volume, and iodine load were not associated with higher rates of PC-AKI. Dialysis-free survival and mortality rates were not significantly different between patients with and without PC-AKI ( P = .50 and P = .17, respectively). Conclusions Elevated baseline proteinuria was the only predictor for PC-AKI in patients undergoing renal artery stent placement. Patients who developed PC-AKI were not at greater risk for hemodialysis or death.
Distress Tolerance Links Sleep Problems with Stress and Health in Homeless.

Objective We examined associations between sleep problems, distress intolerance, and perceived stress and health in a convenience sample of homeless adults. Methods Participants (N = 513, 36% women, Mage = 44.5 ±11.9) self-reported sleep adequacy, sleep duration, unintentional sleep during the daytime, distress tolerance, urban stress, and days of poor mental health and days of poor physical health over the last month. The indirect effects of sleep problems on stress and health through distress tolerance were examined using a non-parametric, bias-corrected bootstrapping procedure. Results Sleep problems were prevalent (eg, 13.0 ±11.4 days of inadequate sleep and 4.7 ±7.9 days of unintentionally falling asleep during the preceding month). Distress intolerance partially accounted for the associations of inadequate sleep and unintentionally falling asleep, but not sleep duration, with urban stress and more days of poor mental and physical health. Conclusions Many homeless individuals endure sleep problems. Given the connections between sleep and morbidity and mortality, results further support the need for more attention directed toward facilitating improvements in sleep quality to improve the quality of life of homeless adults, potentially including attention to improving distress tolerance skills.
Pulse-Width Modulated Rectifiers

To obtain low ac line current THD, the passive techniques described in the previous chapter rely on low-frequency transformers and/or reactive elements. The large size and weight of these elements are objectionable in many applications. This chapter covers active techniques that employ converters having switching frequencies much greater than the ac line frequency. The reactive elements and transformers of these converters are small, because their sizes depend on the converter switching frequency rather than the ac line frequency.
Modeling of breast cancer through evolutionary game theory

We present a simple mathematical model of the development and progression of breast cancer based on evolutionary game theory. Four types of cellular populations are considered: stromal (native) cells, macrophages, benign tumor cells, and motile (malignant) tumor cells. Despite the relative simplicity of the model, it provides a way to explore the interactions between the various cell types and suggests potential approaches to managing and treating cancer.
Sanction severity and employees’ information security policy compliance: Investigating mediating, moderating, and control variables

Abstract Information security policy (ISP) plays a critical role in information systems security management. Past research using General Deterrence Theory (GDT) on employees’ compliance intention (CI) with ISP produced mixed results. We use survey data to investigate how other factors influence the relationship between sanction severity and employees’ CI. The results show that none of the investigated moderating variables interacts with sanction severity on employees’ ISP compliance intentions. However, the significant impact of sanction severity on employees’ ISP CI disappears when the investigated variables are included, and the impact of sanction severity is mediated by perceived efficacy and descriptive norm.
Herpes zoster subunit vaccine for the prevention of herpes zoster.

Purpose Published literature on the efficacy and safety of the herpes zoster (HZ) subunit vaccine (HZ/su vaccine) in reducing the risks of HZ and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in adults 50 years of age and older, as well as the vaccine’s properties and efficacy relative to live attenuated vaccine, is reviewed. Summary HZ/su vaccine (Shingrix, GlaxoSmithKline) is a recently Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved vaccine indicated for the prevention of HZ in adults 50 years of age and older. Based on several Phase III trials, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has preferentially recommended HZ/su vaccine over a live attenuated vaccine previously approved by FDA. Reported overall HZ/su vaccine efficacy in preventing HZ in Phase III trials ranged from 89.8% to 97.2%. Compared with placebo use, HZ/su vaccine in those trials was associated with higher rates of transient local and systemic adverse events (AEs) but similar rates of serious vaccine-related AEs. Other clinical trials of HZ/su vaccine have yielded favorable results in various populations, including adults with a history of HZ, older adults who previously received live attenuated zoster vaccine, adults with human immunodeficiency virus infection, and stem cell transplant recipients. Conclusion HZ/su vaccine is a recently approved, preferred option to reduce the risks of HZ and PHN in adults 50 years of age or older. Pain at the injection site is the most common AE associated with use of the vaccine.
On-chip membrane protein cell-free expression enables development of a direct binding assay: A curious case of potassium channel KcsA-Kv1.3.

Despite the significant role integral membrane proteins (IMPs) play in the drug discovery process, it remains extremely challenging to express, purify, and in vitro stabilize them for detailed biophysical analyses. Cell-free transcription-translation systems have emerged as a promising alternative for producing complex proteins, but they are still not a viable option for expressing IMPs due to improper post-translational folding of these proteins. We have studied key factors influencing in vitro folding of cell-free-expressed IMPs, particularly oligomeric proteins (i.e., ion channels). Using a chimeric ion channel, KcsA-Kv1.3 (K-K), as a model IMP, we have investigated several physiochemical determinants including artificial bilayer environments (i.e., lipid, detergent) for K-K in vitro stabilization. We observed that fusion of a ‘superfolder’ green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) to K-K as a protein expression reporter not only improves the protein yield, but surprisingly facilitates the K-K tetramer formation, probably by enhancing the solubility of monomeric K-K. Additionally, anionic lipids (i.e., DMPG) were found to be essential for the correct folding of cell-free-expressed monomeric K-K into tetramer, underscoring the importance of lipid-protein interaction in maintaining structural-functional integrity of ion channels. We further developed methods to integrate cell-free-expressed IMPs directly onto a biosensor chip. We employed a solid-supported lipid bilayer onto the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip to insert nascent K-K in a membrane. In a different approach, an anti-GFP-functionalized surface was used to capture in situ expressed K-K via its sfGFP tag. Interestingly, only the K-K-functionalized capture surface prepared by the latter strategy was able to interact with K-K's small binding partners. This generalizable approach can be further extended to other membrane proteins for developing direct binding assays involving small ligands.
Evolving Technology in the Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease

Endovascular management has largely become the initial and primary treatment modality for peripheral vascular disease of the lower extremity. This has been a result of extensive advancements in catheter-based interventions which continues to evolve at an exceptional pace. The development of drug eluting balloons and stents is a continuum of this technological ingenuity and may prove to offer the best clinical results yet. Since the inception of these treatment modalities, there has been much fervor and high expectations. This chapter provides information from the initial use of these biological agents, the mechanism of action from a molecular and cellular level to clinical applications in both small and large clinical trials looking at infrainguinal interventions. New technologies currently being studied but yet to have made their debut in the armamentarium of vascular interventionists will also be examined, thereby, providing a view of things to come.
PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO MONOAMINE RECEPTORS DURING BRAIN DEVELOPMENT

Using biochemical, pharmacological, and behavioral methods, we have initiated studies on the ontogeny of functional catecholamine neurons in the brain. Studies in both rats and rabbits have suggested that receptors sensitive to dopamine develop over the first week or two of postnatal life. This period may represent a critical period for the development of these receptors in that chronic pharmacologic interference during the maturation of these receptors produces aberrant motor development. This evidence was interpreted to suggest that the drugs used interfered with dopamine receptor maturation and/or maturation of feedback control mechanisms in the synapse. Further, the evidence collected to date indicate that physiologically functional noradrenaline-containing neurons develop earlier than do dopamine-containing neurons. The differential rate of development of these neurons provides for a potential imbalance of released transmitter which may be of considerable significance. The studies we have presented have assisted in determining when the morphologic and enzymatic development of catecholamine pathways become integrated into functioning catecholamine neurons.
Theory and Practice in Ethics

This essay is concerned with the interrelationship between abstract moral principles, moral rules, and the description and evaluation of concrete situations, especially in the light of the open textured character of moral and other language. I draw four conclusions from my examination of the structure of moral reasoning. (1) Moral requirements are embedded in ways of life, to sustain which is part of their purpose. (2) Moral codes are constantly being tested by their being applied to concrete situations. (3) There is both a powerful case for, and a powerful case against, treating some moral rules as exceptionless and immune to revision. And (4) moral reasoning is dependent for its vitality on the continued existence of conditions outside the power of moralists to preserve.
Democratic Political Competence: Clearing the Underbrush and a Controversial Proposal

Though the link between democracy and an appropriately trained citizen is obvious, the theoretical and empirical nature of this association is murky despite mountains of scholarship addressing this topic. Part of this problem is that the term “democratic competence” has been stretched almost to the point of uselessness. This constant adding of desired traits—many of which are ideologically driven—misdirects effort away from such complex problems as the relationship between individual attributes and collective capacities. Moreover, recent research has often been guilty of using data of uncertain relevance to demonstrate a competence that seems largely an analytical artifact. We conclude by offering an approach that stresses “old- fashioned” traits such as patriotism that seem necessary to the existing, and quite democratic, status quo.
Asilomar survey: researcher perspectives on ethical principles and guidelines for BCI research

ABSTRACTBrain-computer Interface (BCI) research is rapidly expanding, and it engages domains of human experience that many find central to our current understanding of ourselves. Ethical principles...
The Effect of Land Surface Heterogeneity and Background Wind on Shallow Cumulus Clouds and the Transition to Deeper Convection

AbstractIdealized large-eddy simulations (LESs) with prescribed heterogeneous land surface heat fluxes are performed to study the impact of the heterogeneity length scale and background wind speed ...
Experimental investigation of elastomers in downhole seal elements: Implications for safety

Abstract One of the multiple barriers that is installed in the downhole during drilling and completion is the liner hanger seal assembly. The liner hanger is used to engage the liner, connect it to the previous casing, and seal off with cement before a pressure test is performed. Verifying the sealability of the elastomeric element in a liner hanger is a critical factor for well integrity. In this study, the performance verification process and tests were conducted based on critical reviews of literature, current regulations, and applicable industry standards. The objectives of this experimental study are to develop testing protocols to investigate the performance of common elastomeric seals that are used in a liner hanger seal assembly. Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) were selected for the tests because they are commonly used in downhole sealing systems. The results from the experiments revealed that the elastomeric seals did not exhibit any leakage when they were subjected to a pressure test of 40 psig (275.79 kPa) under normal conditions. The sealing performance of EPDM and NBR after surfactant degradation was not impaired for the test conditions used in this study. However, both elastomers failed the pressure tests and leaked when a mechanical defect was intentionally created and after exposure to carbon dioxide. The pressure cycling results showed that elastomers energization plays a critical role in maintaining their seal integrity. The results also showed that prolonging the pressure test duration from 30 to 60 min did not affect the elastomers performance.
Sounding the Alarm: Perinatally HIV-Infected Youth More Likely to Attempt Suicide Than Their Uninfected Cohort Peers

Abstract Purpose Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youth in the U.S., yet there are few studies on suicide among youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection (YPHIV). Our aim was to determine if suicide attempts differed for YPHIV compared with perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected peers (YPHEU). Methods Data come from a longitudinal behavioral health cohort (N = 340) of YPHIV (n = 206) and YPHEU (n = 134) recruited between ages 9 and 16 years and interviewed with psychosocial batteries every 12–18 months. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between reported suicide attempt and participants' HIV status. We assessed whether baseline demographic characteristics and sexual orientation were potential confounding factors. Fisher's exact tests were used to evaluate the association between first attempted suicide and HIV status within age groups. Results YPHIV were more likely to make a suicide attempt than YPHEU (odds ratio = 2.35, 95% confidence interval = 1.28–4.34). Youth most often reported their first attempt between the ages of 14–18 years. Demographic characteristics and sexual orientation were not associated with attempted suicide. Conclusions YPHIV compared with YPHEU were more likely to report a suicide attempt, and this difference emerged during late adolescence and persisted through young adulthood.
RIoT: A Rapid Exploit Delivery Mechanism against IoT Devices Using Vehicular Botnets

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are designed to provide traffic safety by enabling vehicles to broadcast information-such as speed, location and heading-through inter-vehicular communications to proactively avoid collisions. However, one powerful threat against VANETs is vehicular botnets. In our earlier work, we demonstrated several powerful vehicular botnet attacks that can have damaging impacts on the security and privacy of VANETs. In this paper, we present RIoT-the first attack in the literature against Internet of Things (IoT) devices using vehicles-and demonstrate that vehicular botnets are threats not only to VANETs, but also to other important systems and networks. We show via simulation that RIoT can compromise up to 87 percent of the IoT devices in an area of interest within a short amount of time, by taking advantage of the mobility and collective communication range of vehicular bots.
Beyond susceptibility: Openness to peer influence is predicted by adaptive social relationships:

This study examined the hypothesis, derived from theories highlighting the importance of group harmony and sense of belonging in human relationships, that the adolescents who are most likely to be ...
Comparative Analysis of 23 Synovial Fluid Biomarkers for Hip and Knee Periprosthetic Joint Infection Detection

There is interest in novel synovial fluid biomarkers for the detection of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Here, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of 23 simple or sophisticated synovial fluid biomarkers for periprosthetic hip or knee infection detection. One hundred seven subjects were studied, 57 of whom had aseptic failure (AF) and 50 PJI. The following synovial fluid biomarkers were tested using spectrophotometric assays, immunoassays, lateral flow tests, or test strips: leukocyte count, monocyte percentage, lymphocyte percentage, neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, lactate, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α, α-defensin, and leukocyte esterase. The best-performing synovial fluid biomarkers to differentiate PJI from AF-that is, those with highest area under the curve compared to all other biomarkers-were leukocyte count, percent neutrophils and percent monocytes, CRP, and α-defensin (P < .0001).
Nine-year prospective efficacy and safety of brain-responsive neurostimulation for focal epilepsy

OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate safety and efficacy of brain-responsive neurostimulation in adults with medically intractable focal onset seizures (FOS) over 9 years. METHODS Adults treated with brain-responsive neurostimulation in 2-year feasibility or randomized controlled trials were enrolled in a long-term prospective open label trial (LTT) to assess safety, efficacy, and quality of life (QOL) over an additional 7 years. Safety was assessed as adverse events (AEs), efficacy as median percent change in seizure frequency and responder rate, and QOL with the Quality of Life in Epilepsy (QOLIE-89) inventory. RESULTS Of 256 patients treated in the initial trials, 230 participated in the LTT. At 9 years, the median percent reduction in seizure frequency was 75% (p < 0.0001, Wilcoxon signed rank), responder rate was 73%, and 35% had a ≥90% reduction in seizure frequency. We found that 18.4% (47 of 256) experienced ≥1 year of seizure freedom, with 62% (29 of 47) seizure-free at the last follow-up and an average seizure-free period of 3.2 years (range 1.04-9.6 years). Overall QOL and epilepsy-targeted and cognitive domains of QOLIE-89 remained significantly improved (p < 0.05). There were no serious AEs related to stimulation, and the sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) rate was significantly lower than predefined comparators (p < 0.05, 1-tailed χ2). CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive brain-responsive neurostimulation provides significant and sustained reductions in the frequency of FOS with improved QOL. Stimulation was well tolerated; implantation-related AEs were typical of other neurostimulation devices; and SUDEP rates were low. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT00572195. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class IV evidence that brain-responsive neurostimulation significantly reduces focal seizures with acceptable safety over 9 years.
Seeding subversion and the Christian reformed church’s study report on “homosexuality”

This essay develops and uses a critical lens of “seeding” to read the Christian Reformed Church’s 1973 report on “homosexuality.” Although the report maintains a seemingly conservative stance and h...
Depressive Symptoms and Loneliness Among Black and White Older Adults: The Moderating Effects of Race

Background and Objectives Loneliness is consistently linked to worse depression/depressive symptoms; however, there are few studies that have examined whether the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms varies by race. The purpose of this study was to determine whether race moderated the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms. Research Design and Methods Data come from the 2014 wave of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) Core survey and Psychosocial Leave-Behind Questionnaire; only black and white older adults were included in the analysis (N = 6,469). Depressive symptoms were operationalized by the eight-item Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale; however, the "felt lonely" item was removed given concerns with collinearity. Loneliness was operationalized using the Hughes 3-Item Loneliness Scale. Sociodemographic variables included gender, age, education, household income, employment status, marital status, and living alone or with others. Furthermore, social support and negative interactions from family members and friends, and religious service attendance were included in the analysis. Lastly, we created an interaction term between race and loneliness. All analyses used survey weights to account for the complex multistage sampling design of the HRS. Missing data were multiply imputed. Results In multivariable analysis, we found race significantly moderated the relationship between loneliness and depressive symptoms while controlling for sociodemographic covariates, social support and negative interaction variables, and religious service attendance. Discussion and Implications Our findings demonstrate a differential racial effect for loneliness and depressive symptoms. For both blacks and whites, greater loneliness affected depressive symptoms; however, the effect was stronger among whites than it was for blacks. Given this is one of the first studies to examine the differential effects of race on loneliness and depressive symptoms, more research is necessary to determine the consistency of these results.
Eliciting A Novice Programmer's Mental Model of Arrays

A mental model is a knowledge structure that reflects a learner's understanding, action, and behavior about a device in the real world. Novice programmers have been found to have inconsistent and flawed mental models of very basic programming concepts. This poster presents the development of a multiple-choice questionnaire to elicit and measure the consistency of a novice programmer's mental model of arrays in Java.
Obstetric Patients and Healthcare Providers Perspectives to Inform Mobile App Design for Physical Activity and Weight Control During Pregnancy and Postpartum in a Rural Setting.

Background Mobile health technology offers the opportunity for women to engage with physical activity promotion programs without many of the barriers commonly associated with exercise during and after pregnancy (eg, childcare concerns, rigid schedules, fear of doing harm to fetus or self, access to fitness facilities, uncomfortable with body in front of others) which may be particularly useful in under-resourced rural environments. We conducted the first known study on perspectives of pregnant women, postpartum women, and obstetric healthcare providers in a rural setting on needs related to the development of a mobile app designed to increase physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods Focus groups and in-depth face-to-face personal interviews were conducted with 14 pregnant women, 13 postpartum women, and 11 healthcare providers in a rural community. Semi-structured questions utilizing constructs of the Health Belief Model were used to identify barriers, facilitators, and other influences on physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum. Recordings of all in-depth interviews and focus groups were transcribed and standard content analyses for qualitative data were conducted. Results Rural women and healthcare providers expressed several key perspectives about and recommendations to promote physical activity during and after pregnancy. Broadly, these perspectives encapsulated two main themes: 1) physical activity as critical for weight control and 2) the need for evidence-based exercise information. Key desired features of this app identified include goal setting/progress tracking, evidence-based exercise guidance tailored to specific time points of pregnancy and postpartum, social support via community-based forum, symptom tracking, time-efficient workouts, and push notifications. Conclusion The perspectives identified by participants should be utilized when designing mobile health physical activity mobile apps for pregnant and postpartum women in rural areas.
Better in the Shadows? Public Attention, Media Coverage, and Market Reactions to Female CEO Announcements

Combining media coverage data from approximately 17,000 unique media outlets with the full population of CEO appointments for U.S. publicly traded firms between 2000 and 2016, we investigate whether female CEO appointments garner more public attention compared with male appointments, and if so, whether this increased attention can help make sense of the previously reported negative market reaction to these events. Contrary to prior reports, our data do not indicate that the appointments of female CEOs elicit overly negative market reactions, on average. Our results do highlight an important moderating role of public attention, however. We demonstrate that greater attention—even when exogenously determined—contributes to negative market reactions for female CEO appointments but positive market reactions for male CEOs, all else held constant. Additionally, female CEO appointments that attract little attention garner significant positive responses in the market, compared with both male CEOs drawing similarly limited levels of attention and female CEOs drawing high levels of attention. Our results help to reconcile contrasting empirical findings on the effects of gender in executive leadership and parallel recent work on anticipatory bias and second-order discrimination in alternative empirical contexts. Implications for research on attention, gender bias, and executive succession are discussed.
Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Defects in Congenital Cardiac Patients With Postoperative Chylothorax.

Objectives Chylothorax following cardiac surgery for congenital cardiac anomalies is a complication associated with severe morbidities and mortality. We hypothesize that there are intrinsic defects in the lymphatics of congenital cardiac patients. Methods Postsurgical chylothorax lymphatic endothelial cells (pcLECs) (n = 10) were isolated from the chylous fluid from congenital cardiac defect patients, and characterized by fluorescent-activated cell sorting, immunofluorescent staining, and quantitative RT-PCR. Results were compared to normal human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HdLECs). pcLECs (n = 3) and HdLECs were xenografted into immunocompromised mice. Implants and postoperative chylothorax patient's pulmonary tissues were characterized by immunostaining for lymphatic endothelial proteins. Results pcLECs expressed endothelial markers VECADHERIN, CD31, VEGFR2, lymphatic endothelial markers PROX1, podoplanin, VEGFR3, and progenitor endothelial markers CD90 and CD146. However, pcLECs had key differences relative to HdLECs, including altered expression and mislocalization of junctional proteins (VECADHERIN and CD31), and essential endothelial proteins, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, and PROX1. When xenografted in mice, pcLECs formed dilated lymphatic channels with poor cell-cell association. Similar to congenital lymphatic anomalies, the pulmonary lymphatics were dilated in a patient who developed postoperative chylothorax after cardiac surgery. Conclusions Recent studies have shown that some postoperative chylothoraces in congenital cardiac anomalies are associated with anatomical lymphatic defects. We found that pcLECs have defects in expression and localization of proteins necessary to maintain lymphatic specification and function. This pcLEC phenotype is similar to that observed in lymphatic endothelial cells from congenital lymphatic anomalies. Co-existence of lymphatic anomalies should be considered as a feature of congenital cardiac anomalies.
GASPAR FRUTUOSO, UM ESPÍRITO MODERNO VOLTADO PARA A EXPERIÊNCIA. A SUA CRÍTICA DE PLATÃO

Os navegadores portugueses dos seculos XV e XVI produziram um conjunto de escritos que revelam uma atitude nova para a epoca pois exalta o conhecimento adquirido pela sua experiencia como superior ao herdado dos autores classicos. Gaspar Frutuoso, nao sendo um navegador, nasceu nos Acores e experimentou uma realidade geografica que lhe permitiu olhar criticamente para Platao, que havia localizado esse Continente precisamente naquela regiao do globo. A critica desenvolvida por Frutuoso baseia-se em argumentos de ordem empirica ditada pelos conhecimentos por ele adquiridos no contato directo com a realidade insular.
Computational drug repositioning of atorvastatin for ulcerative colitis.

OBJECTIVE Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with limited effective therapeutic options for long-term treatment and disease maintenance. We hypothesized that a multi-cohort analysis of independent cohorts representing real-world heterogeneity of UC would identify a robust transcriptomic signature to improve identification of FDA-approved drugs that can be repurposed to treat patients with UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a multi-cohort analysis of 272 colon biopsy transcriptome samples across 11 publicly available datasets to identify a robust UC disease gene signature. We compared the gene signature to in vitro transcriptomic profiles induced by 781 FDA-approved drugs to identify potential drug targets. We used a retrospective cohort study design modeled after a target trial to evaluate the protective effect of predicted drugs on colectomy risk in patients with UC from the Stanford Research Repository (STARR) database and Optum Clinformatics DataMart. RESULTS Atorvastatin treatment had the highest inverse-correlation with the UC gene signature among non-oncolytic FDA-approved therapies. In both STARR (n = 827) and Optum (n = 7821), atorvastatin intake was significantly associated with a decreased risk of colectomy, a marker of treatment-refractory disease, compared to patients prescribed a comparator drug (STARR: HR = 0.47, P = .03; Optum: HR = 0.66, P = .03), irrespective of age and length of atorvastatin treatment. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION These findings suggest that atorvastatin may serve as a novel therapeutic option for ameliorating disease in patients with UC. Importantly, we provide a systematic framework for integrating publicly available heterogeneous molecular data with clinical data at a large scale to repurpose existing FDA-approved drugs for a wide range of human diseases.
Roc the Mic Right: The Language of Hip Hop Culture

Complementing a burgeoning area of interest and academic study, Roc the Mic Right explores the central role of language within the Hip Hop Nation (HHN). With its status convincingly argued as the best means by which to read Hip Hop culture, H. Samy Alim then focuses on discursive practices, such as narrative sequencing and ciphers, or lyrical circles of rhymers. Often a marginalized phenomenon, the complexity and creativity of Hip Hop lyrical production is emphasised, whilst Alim works towards the creation of a schema by which to understand its aesthetic. Using his own ethnographic research, Alim shows how Hip Hop language could be used in an educational context and presents a new approach to the study of the language and culture of the Hip Hop Nation: 'Hiphopography'. The final section of the book, which includes real conversational narratives from Hip Hop artists such as The Wu-Tang Clan and Chuck D, focuses on direct engagement with the language. A highly accessible and lively work on the most studied and read about language variety in the United States, this book will appeal not only to language and linguistics researchers and students, but holds a genuine appeal to anyone interested in Hip Hop or Black African Language.
Progression and Regression of Advanced Atherosclerosis as Studied by Quantitative Methods

In this presentation, the evidence will be reviewed which indicates that the incidence and severity of atherosclerosis and its clinical effects can be altered significantly by dietary and other factors. The main goals will be to put this evidence in perspective, to call attention to its shortcomings and then to outline the studies that appear to be most urgently needed. Before considering the ways one may measure progression and regression of atherosclerotic plaques, it is important to understand the main features of atherosclerosis in humans.
Mechanism of interferon action: progress toward its understanding.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the mechanism of action of interferons. Interferons are synthesized in vertebrate cells in response to various inducers. They are secreted out of the cells, interact with other cells, and thereby render them incapable of supporting virus replication. Studies on the interferon system can be classified broadly into two groups: studies on interferon biosynthesis and studies on interferon actions. The chapter discusses some aspects of the latter and describes the interferon proteins and interferon genes in detail. The chapter also discusses the biochemical changes brought about by interferon treatment of cells that are not infected by viruses. The chapter describes various antiviral effects as studied with intact virus-infected cells. Although much progress has been made in interferon research within the past few years, the mechanism of interferon actions in molecular terms is still not clear. The discovery of the dsRNA-dependent enzyme activities has implications beyond the interferon system. These are the first examples of enzymes activated by interaction with double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA).
Sex chromatin and idiograms from rats exhibiting anomalies of the reproductive organs

Certain anomalous conditions associated with the reproductive organs have arisen in a line of King-Holtzmann hybrid rats maintained in our laboratory. These are sterile pseudohermaphroditic males in which the entire reproductive tract except the testes is missing; apparent males demonstrating an ectopic inguinal ring and testis on one or both sides; and sterile males with descended scrotal testes. The procedure developed by Moore ('55) for staining sex chromatin was applied to cells from liver, spinal cord, testis, and parotid gland of rats. A sex difference is clearly shown, however, only with the liver cells. Ford and Woollam's ('64) sequence for demonstrating mammalian chromosomes renders positive results on bone marrow cells. This method applied to liver and testis yields unsatisfactory results. Examination of idiograms and sex chromatin bodies from animals exhibiting the conditions outlined above leads to the following conclusions: (1) all abnormal animals studied are genetic males; and (2) the pseudohermaphrodites, though genetically male, exhibit a pattern of differentiation of chromosomes during the metaphase plate stage resembling that in the female. Similarities between certain anatomic and physiologic factors exhibited in pseudohermaphroditic rats and those present in “testicular feminization” in man are discussed. Male rats exhibiting an ectopic inguinal ring and testis and sterile males with descended scrotal testes also may have their counterpart in man.
Marvell Studies Ten Years After the Longman Annotated English Poets Edition of Andrew Marvell's Poems

This article is an account of how the Longman Annotated English Poets edition of Andrew Marvell's poems that came about after I was asked to provide editorial samples in 1988, prior to being approved as editor in 1990. The edition appeared in hardback in the spring of 2003 and then in a revised paperback in 2007. I explain the principles behind the edition, the help I was generously given by other scholars, and how its construction evolved in the context of 17th century studies in the 1990s and early 2000s, before moving on to its reception. I point to the significance of Marvell archival discoveries since my edition appeared, and future major Marvell projects, including editions of his poetry, prose and letters, and the context of scholarly collaboration in which those projects have developed and will be completed. I try above all to give a sense of what opportunities an extensively annotated edition of a major poet gives to the reader, to teaching and to further scholarship, in addition to significantly enhancing the status of Marvell himself and his verse.
Agriculture and Forestry

Emissions from industrial, transportation, energy, residential, and commercial sectors are clearly significant sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Yet two additional sectors — agriculture and forestry — play a pivotal, dual role as both significant sources of GHGs and significant GHG sinks that sequester GHGs and help regulate climate change. Agricultural lands occupy roughly 40-50% of the Earth’s land surface, and agricultural lands are projected to increase globally by over one billion acres by 2020 to meet the demands of rising populations. Feeding the earth’s ever-growing population and driving a significant part of the global economy does not come without an environmental cost, however. Globally, agriculture accounts for about 10-12% of carbon emissions. Forestlands occupy about one-quarter of the earth’s ice-free land surface, and contain over half of the world’s plant and animal species. On local scales forests provide a wide array of goods and services while on a global scale forests sequester significant amounts of greenhouse gas that would otherwise exacerbate climate change. Even so, deforestation alone accounts for a full one-third of all carbon released into the atmosphere between 1850 and 1998, second only to the energy sector. Over the last two decades, up to 20% of global annual carbon emissions resulted from forest destruction and degradation, more than the global transportation sector. Though the U.S. has long been a stable forest sink, that status is in jeopardy as new threats may lead to significant deforestation over the next 50 years.This chapter discusses both the GHG source and sink potential of the agricultural and forest sectors. It also describes the governance and management frameworks for each sector and the GHG mitigation options available for each. The chapter concludes by highlighting future challenges for U.S. agriculture and forestry related to GHGs and climate.
Gauge invariances and phases of massive higher spins in (anti-) de Sitter space.

The (m^2, Λ) plane of spin s > 1 massive fields in (anti-) de Sitter space backgrounds is shown to consist of separate phases, divided by lines of novel “partially massless” gauge theories that successively remove helicities, starting from the lowest, 0 or ± 1/2. The norms of the excluded states flip as the gauge lines are crossed and only the region containing the massive Minkowski theory is unitary. The partially massless gauge theories are unitary or not, depending on the ordering of the gauge lines. This “level splitting” of massless Minkowski gauge theories is specific to nonzero Λ.
Circuit-level simulation of CDM-ESD and EOS in submicron MOS devices

In this paper, we present a compact electrothermal device model which can be used to simulate NMOS devices operating in the snapback regime. By incorporating temperature dependencies in the device model and using the electrothermal circuit simulator iETSIM, we are able to simulate the second breakdown of NMOS devices under EOS stress. The NMOS model also incorporates the finite breakdown time effect which is important for simulating charge device model (CDM) ESD stress events.
Identification of the regions conferring calmodulin-like properties to troponin C

The structural and functional correlations between troponin C (TnC) and calmodulin (CaM) were investigated by mutagenizing a synthetic cDNA coding rabbit skeletal muscle TnC. Compared with TnC, calmodulin lacks the N-terminal alpha-helical arm (N-helix), and its central helix is shorter due to the absence of 88KGK90 residues. Deleting both regions concomitantly (delta Nt delta KGK) elicited CaM-like regulation as tested (i) by smooth muscle contractility (maximal tension = 80 +/- 5% Po of control) and (ii) by the activation of phosphodiesterase (Vmax = 75 +/- 2% of control). The Ca(2+)-binding capacity of the mutant and the effect of the mutant on maximally Ca(2+)-activated tension of skinned rabbit psoas muscle fibers were both conserved. Furthermore, in the linker region of the central helix, replacing the TnC-characteristic 85EDAKGK90 successive residues with CaM-specific DTD residues generated a highly effective CaM mimic (Vmax = 96 +/- 2%) whether or not the N-helix was also retained. Apparent KD values (i.e. concentrations for half-maximal response) for the successful mutants were similar to each other but about 200-fold higher than that for CaM. A part of the alpha-helical linker region in CaM may unfold and bend to promote multiplicity of target interaction using all four hands (Ikura, M., Clore, G. M., Gronenborn, A. M., Zhu, G., Klee, C. B., and Bax, A. (1992) Science 256, 632-638; Meador, W. E., Means, A. R., and Quiocho, F. A. (1992) Science 257, 1251-1255). In contrast, our results suggest that the TnC central helix evolved to be less pliable by the combined influences of 85EDAKGK90 residues and the alpha-helical extension in N terminus, thereby keeping the N-terminal hands well separated from their C-terminal counterparts.