cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Incomplete Revolution: Feminists and the Legacy of Marital-Property Reform

Did the divorce revolution betray the interests of American women? By focusing primarily on the history of no-fault rules, current studies suggest that marital-property rules fail to protect women’s interests partly because feminists remained largely uninvolved in debate about divorce reform. Still other scholars have argued that current marital-property reforms reflect the shortcomings of the formal-equality principles endorsed by second-wave feminists. However, leading work on divorce law has not adequately addressed the history of marital-property reform or engaged with scholarship on the struggle for the Equal Rights Amendment to the federal Constitution. This Article puts these two bodies of work in dialogue with one another and, in so doing, provides the first comprehensive history of the role of women, both feminists and antifeminists, in revolutionizing the law of marital property in the United States. If one looks at the divorce revolution debate in the context of the ERA struggle, different issues emerge. As we shall see, feminists did seek to rework the law of marital property, but the battle for the ERA heavily shaped the reforms they championed and the contentions they advanced. In particular, in countering anti-ERA claims, feminists sought to establish that they believed that the contributions and interests of homemakers were as important as those of working women. By focusing on what homemakers did contribute, as the Article will show, feminists did not fully consider the contributions of wage-earning spouses or evaluate what counted as marital property in the first place. Specifically, the marital-property laws promoted by feminists (and ultimately adopted by many states) did not explicitly define a wage-earning spouse’s human capital — the future earning potential that both spouses helped to create — as a marital asset. The ERA debate shaped the terms of the marital-property revolution, leaving a troubling legacy for women at divorce.
Preferences for outcomes associated with decisions to undergo or forgo genetic testing for Lynch syndrome

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend offering genetic testing for Lynch syndrome to individuals whose tumors suggest this condition and to relatives of affected individuals. Little is known, however, regarding how patients view the prospect of such testing. In addition, data on preferences (utilities) for the potential outcomes of testing decisions for use in cost-effectiveness analyses are lacking. METHODS: Time tradeoff utilities were elicited for 10 potential outcomes of Lynch syndrome testing decisions and 3 associated cancers from 70 participants, representing a range of knowledge about and experiences with Lynch syndrome. RESULTS: Highest mean utilities were assigned to scenarios in which only the assessor's sibling had Lynch-associated colorectal cancer (ranging from 0.669 ± 0.231 to 0.760 ± 0.220). Utilities assigned to scenarios in which the assessor had Lynch-associated colorectal cancer ranged from 0.605 ± 0.252 to 0.682 ± 0.246, whereas the lowest mean utilities were assigned to 2 of the general cancer states (0.601 ± 0.238 and 0.593 ± 0.272 for colorectal and ovarian cancer respectively). Only 43% of the sample assigned higher values to undergoing Lynch testing and receiving negative results versus forgoing Lynch testing, whereas 50% assigned higher values to undergoing rather than forgoing surgery to prevent a subsequent cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic testing for Lynch syndrome, regardless of results, can have profound effects on quality of life; the utilities we collected can be used to incorporate these effects into cost-effectiveness analyses. Importantly, preferences for the potential outcomes of testing vary substantially, calling into question the extent to which patients would avail themselves of such testing if it were offered to them. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society
Speech-induced atrial tachycardia: an unusual presentation of supraventricular tachycardia.

Speech-Induced Atrial Tachycardia A 63-year-old male radio announcer was admitted with a narrow complex, long RP tachycardia. While in the awake state, the patient spoke in his radio voice, initiating and maintaining the tachycardia. Three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping during electrophysiology study localized the tachycardia to the ostium of the right superior pulmonary vein. After single radiofrequency energy application, no further arrhythmias were inducible with speech. At more than 1 year of follow-up, the patient had no recurrences and continues to work as a radio announcer.
The efficiency of the ILUV oxidation method for organic nitrogen analysis

A new approach to measure dissolved organic nitrogen in fresh waters was developed as an alternative to more expensive techniques, such as traditional UV oxidation and high temperature oxidation and to more labor-intensive techniques that produce hazardous by-products, such as persulfate oxidation. The new approach, called the individual lamp UV (ILUV) method, was applied to model compounds and humic substances. For the selected model compounds, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, glycine and urea, the ILUV oxidation method resulted in 93% to 114% recoveries. In the case of humic substances, the recoveries ranged from 100% to 126%. It was found that the ILUV method is a simple, cheap and promising method for determination of DON in natural waters.
Climate-biosphere interactions on glacial-interglacial timescales

[1] Potential positive feedbacks of the biosphere on glacial-interglacial climate change have been extensively investigated in recent years. In this paper, we summarize these feedbacks and the evidence that they may play a quantitatively significant role. We then attempt to assess the role of biosphere feedbacks in glacial/interglacial climate change by evaluating five lines of empirical evidence: (1) synchroneity of warming during the last glacial termination (expected if the biosphere is important, because of short response times); (2) changes in the δ18O of O2, which may reflect the relative fertility of the land and ocean biospheres, (3) changes in the triple isotope composition of O2, which constrain global rates of photosynthesis in the past; (4) the relationship between atmospheric CO2 and dust accumulation at Vostok, and (5) indications for the occurrence or absence of Pleistocene-style glacial cycles before the evolution of the land biosphere. The evidence is compatible with a significant role for the biosphere in driving glacial-interglacial change, but unambiguous empirical support is not yet in hand.
Prescription Opioid Misuse, Abuse, Morbidity, and Mortality: Balancing Effective Pain Management and Safety.

Objective The burgeoning rate of prescription opioid misuse, abuse, addiction, and opioid related overdose deaths has gained substantial professional and national media attention. This manuscript provides a narrative review and critique of the literature on prescription opioid misuse, abuse, addiction and opioid-related mortality and discusses future research needs in this area. Design Current literature on misuse, abuse, addiction and opioid related fatalities was reviewed in patients with chronic noncancer pain receiving long-term prescription opioid therapy. Results There have been inconclusive results on the efficacy of long-term opioid therapy in patients with chronic pain but moderate level evidence of dose-dependent risk of harm. The estimated prevalence of prescription opioid abuse and opioid use disorders ranges from <1% to 40% due to the paucity of uniform definitions of what constitutes misuse, abuse, and addiction but several recent studies have developed unique methodology to more accurately assess these states in the pain population. The rate of opioid-related overdose deaths is not inconsequential and a number of patient related and medication specific risk factors have been identified that may provide a basis for risk mitigation strategies. Conclusions Accurately assessing the prevalence of misuse, abuse, and addiction in the pain population has been challenging due to inconsistent definitions between studies. Additional high-quality research is needed in this area utilizing consistent definitions and in reducing the risk of opioid-related overdose fatalities.
Double-stranded RNA viruses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

INFECTIOUS ELEMENTS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE 250 BIOLOGY OF THE YEAST dsRNA VIRUSES AND THE KILLER PHENOMENON 250 L-A VIRUS STRUCTURE: T 5 1 WITH 60 ASYMMETRIC Gag DIMERS 251 VIRAL REPLICATION CYCLES 251 L-A ENCODES Gag AND Gag-Pol 252 REPLICATION AND TRANSCRIPTION OF VIRAL RNA: IN VITRO SYSTEMS 254 TRANSLATION OF VIRAL mRNA 254 The SKI2,3,8 System Blocks the Translation of Non-Poly(A) mRNA 255 M1 Propagation Depends Critically on Free 60S Ribosomal Subunit Levels 256 Do SKI2, 3, and 8 Determine 60S Subunit Interaction with Poly(A)? 257 Gag Makes Decapitated Decoys To Distract the SKI1/XRN1 Exoribonuclease 257 Lethality of ski1 ski2 and ski1 ski3 double mutants 258 Gag-Pol Fusion Protein Formed by a 21 Ribosomal Frameshift: How and Why 258 Mechanism of 21 ribosomal frameshifting 258 How critical is the efficiency of frameshifting? 259 Chromosomal genes affecting the efficiency of frameshifting 259 Can 21 ribosomal frameshifting be used as a target of antiviral drugs? 259 POSTTRANSLATIONAL PROCESSING 259 MAK3 N-Acetyltransferase Modification of Gag Is Necessary for Assembly 259 Killer Preprotoxin Is Processed To Form Mature Toxin 260 KEX1 and KEX2 Processing Proteases and Mammalian Prohormone Processing 260 RNA PACKAGING: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO 260 Evidence for cis Packaging by L-A 260 Does Packaging Control Translation? 260 L-BC IS CLOSELY RELATED TO L-A 261 CONCLUSIONS AND PROSPECTS 261 REFERENCES 262
Decoupling Power/Ground Planes

It is likely that decoupling power and ground planes is one of the most misunderstood design concepts, and certainly the area having the most myths about the ‘correct’ decoupling strategy. The use of decoupling capacitors connected between the power and ground planes on a printed circuit board (PCB) is a common practice to help ensure proper functionality(i.e. signal integrity) and to reduce EMI emissions from printed circuit boards. The proper number and value of decoupling capacitors is always a topic of debate between EMC engineers and design engineers. Some typical rules-of-thumb include requiring a decoupling capacitor for each power pin on an IC, at least one decoupling capacitor per side of physically large ICs, and/or decoupling capacitors spread evenly over every square inch of the board. Few qualitatively proven approaches for the optimal approach to decoupling is available in the technical literature. These rules-of thumb can often result in drastic over-design of the decoupling strategy, since the saying ‘better safe than sorry’ is often applied. Many of these rules are really based in myth. In addition, there are a number of outright myths that exist and are published, causing significant confusion within the general design community.
Acoustic radiation from a thin airfoil in nonuniform subsonic flows

Noise resulting from the interaction of a three dimensional gust is modeled directly from unsteady aerodynamic codes. This paper provides bench mark results for the case of a thin airfoil for comparison with the more complex case of a loaded airfoil. It is shown that the acoustic pressure pattern strongly depends on the value of a certain reduced frequency. The effects of an oblique gust are examined and shown to significantly reduce the acoustic power for certain gust parameters range. The Acoustic power versus the gust frequency exhibits a maximum. High frequency and non-compact source effects are also investigated.
Effect of enteral and parenteral nutrition on amino acid levels in cancer patients.

Background : The syndrome of cancer cachexia can have a significant impact on response to therapy as well as on survival in cancer patients. Therapies directed at metabolic perturbations in cachectic patients are dependent on nutritional repletion and maintenance of adequate amino acid substrate levels. This study compares the ability of oral feeding, enteral nutrition, and total parenteral nutrition to alter plasma amino acid levels in cancer patients. Methods : Patients with esophageal cancer were stratified by weight loss. Patients with 20% weight loss were randomized to receive either enteral nutrition (group III) or total parenteral nutrition (group IV) for 2 weeks. Plasma amino acid levels were measured before the study and again after 2 weeks of nutrition support. Results : Before therapy, there was no difference between the groups in total or essential amino acid levels ; however, patients in all groups had significantly lower total amino acid levels compared with those of normal controls. After 2 weeks of treatment, patients in groups I and III showed no difference in individual, essential, or total amino acid levels. However, patients in groups II and IV showed significant increases in a number of individual amino acids as well as in essential and total amino acid levels after 2 weeks of TPN. Conclusions : Patients with esophageal cancer demonstrated significant alterations in amino acid profiles compared with those of normal controls. Total parenteral nutrition was superior to ad libitum oral feeding and jejunostomy feeding in repleting plasma amino acid levels. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 19 :204-208, 1995)
Alfalfa and corn response to sulfur fertilization on three Pennsylvania soils

Abstract Sulfur deficiencies have become more widespread throughout the United States as a result of: (a) reduced SO2 emissions, (b) the use of high analysis fertilizers that contain less S, and (c) reduced applications of animal waste on cropland. The S status of Pennsylvania soils is not known. Studies were conducted at three locations in Pennsylvania under different soil and climatic conditions to determine crop response to S applications. The experimental sites were on a Hagerstown silt loam (Typic Hapludalf), a Gilpin channery silt loam (Typic Hapludult), and a Morrison sandy loam (Ultic Hapludalf) at Landisville, Rector, and Zion, Pa., respectively. Two S materials, elemental S and fluidized bed combustion waste material (FBM), were applied annually to alfalfa and corn at three rates of application: 34, 67, and 134 kg S/ha, with appropriate controls. Elemental S plus CaO treatment was applied to alfalfa at the same three rates. Two levels of N were used in the corn trials, 112 and 224 kg N/ha. The e...
The evaluation of DL-3'-iodothyronine and DL-3',5'-diiodothyronine as thyroxine antagonists in the rat.

dl-3′-iodothyronine and dl-3′,5′-diiodothyronine were tested for their ability to inhibit the goiter-preventing effect of thyroxine in thiouracil-fed rats. They were shown to be without activity at a molar ratio of analog to l-thyroxine of 200 to 1.
Copper and uranyl extraction from aqueous solutions using bis-dithiophosphinate ligands have been characterized

Abstract Dithiophosphinate ligands with groups linked together by a bridging spacer to take advantage of a chelate effect for improved selectivity have been characterized. Extractions with each ligand were performed with the ligands dissolved in methylene chloride and the metal salts dissolved in aqueous phase at pH 4. H2L1 was found to have good differentiation between UO 2 2 + and Gd3+, but only resulted in 50% extraction. H2L2 had lower selectivity; however, copper extractions approached 95% after 24 h.
Advances in Surgical Nutrition

Dr. Stanley Dudrick invented total parenteral nutrition in 1968, providing a desperately needed therapy to those patients who could not eat. It has since saved thousands of patients worldwide. Nutrition interventions (NI) in surgical/trauma and critically ill patients have evolved dramatically during the last 20 years from a supportive therapy to a clear therapeutic role. Like any other form of therapy, NI will benefit patients when adequately indicated and prescribed. NI, however, may cause significant side effects and harm when poorly ordered. This article reviews the indications for the prescription of the different forms of NI available to the clinician caring for the surgical patient.
Characterization of the Glucagon Receptor in a Pheochromocytoma

Glucagon activated adenylate cyclase in a homogenate of a pheochromocytoma over the concentration range 1 × 10‒8M to 1 × 10‒6M. Several other hormones including adrenocorticotropin, thyrotropin, parathyroid hormone and histamine were without effect. The tumor glucagon receptor was characterized and found to be similar in several ways to the glucagon receptor previously reported in normal tissue such as liver and heart. One, the receptor specifically bound l25I-glucagon. Two, solubilization of the pheochromocytoma abolished glucagon-activation of the adenylate cyclase. Three, glucagon-responsiveness of the adenylate cyclase was partially restored, by the addition of phosphatidylserine to the incubations. One major difference was observed between the glucagon receptor in tumor tissue and that in liver and heart, namely, a marked lability in 125I-glueagon binding and adenylate cyclase activity. Within four days, despite storage in liquid nitrogen, 75% of the binding activity and all of the adenylate cyclase ...
Preoperative whole pelvic external irradiation in stage I endometrial cancer

Between 1966 and 1978, 201 patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium were treated at two hospitals in San Diego. Of these patients, 161 had disease limited to the corpus at the time of diagnosis. The majority of these patients received external whole-pelvic irradiation, followed as soon as possible by simple extrafascial hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. When this treatment method was used, actuarial survivals of 95% for Stage I disease were achieved. Also reported is the low incidence of wound complications in the group of patients operated soon after cessation of irradiation. The patients treated in this fashion had good survival rates, little morbidity from the adjunctive irradiation, and fewer wound complications than previously anticipated.
Integration of Physical and Cognitive Human Models to Simulate Driving With a Secondary In-Vehicle Task

Human behavior models give insight into people's choices and actions and are tools for predicting performance and improving interface design. Most models focus on a task's cognitive aspects or its physical requirements. This research addresses the divide between cognitive and physical models by combining two models to produce an integrated cognitive-physical human model that enables studying of complex human-machine interactions. The capabilities of the integrated model are evaluated in a task scenario with both cognitive and physical components, i.e., driving while performing a secondary in-vehicle task. When applied in this way, the integrated model is called the Virtual Driver model and can replicate basic driving, in-vehicle tasks, and resource-sharing behaviors, providing a new way to study driver distraction. The model has applicability to interface design and predicting staffing requirements and performance.
State-dependent Conformations of the Translocation Pathway in the Tyrosine Transporter Tyt1, a Novel Neurotransmitter:Sodium Symporter from Fusobacterium nucleatum

Abstract The gene of a novel prokaryotic member (Tyt1) of the neurotransmitter:sodium symporter (NSS) family has been cloned from Fusobacterium nucleatum. In contrast to eukaryotic and some prokaryotic NSSs, which contain 12 transmembrane domains (TMs), Tyt1 contains only 11 TMs, a characteristic shared by ∼70% of prokaryotic NSS homologues. Nonetheless upon heterologous expression in an engineered Escherichia coli host, Tyt1 catalyzes robust Na+-dependent, highly selective l-tyrosine transport. Genetic engineering of Tyt1 variants devoid of cysteines or with individually retained endogenous cysteines at positions 18 or 238, at the cytoplasmic ends of TM1 and TM6, respectively, preserved normal transport activity. Whereas cysteine-less Tyt1 was resistant to the inhibitory effect of sulfhydryl-alkylating reagents, N-ethylmaleimide inhibited transport by Tyt1 variants containing either one or both of the endogenous cysteines, and this inhibition was altered by the substrates sodium and tyrosine, consistent with substrate-induced dynamics in the transport pathway. Our findings support a binding model of Tyt1 function in which an ordered sequence of substrate-induced structural changes reflects distinct conformational states of the transporter. This work identifies Tyt1 as the first functional bacterial NSS member putatively consisting of only 11 TMs and shows that Tyt1 is a suitable model for the study of NSS dynamics with relevance to structure/function relationships of human NSSs, including the dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and γ-aminobutyric acid transporters.
On conjectures of Guralnick and Thompson

Given a permutation s on a finite set Ω of order n, define c(s) to be the number of cycles of sand Ind(s) = n - c(s). Define a genus g system to be a triple ( G, Ω, S), where Ω is a finite set, G is a transitive subgroup of Sym(Ω), and S = (g_j: 1 ⩽j⩽r is a family of elements of G^# such that G = ⟨S⟩, g_1...g_r = 1, and 2(❘Ω❘ + g-1)= ∑_(j=1) Ind(g_j).
Epoxide as a precursor to secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene photooxidation in the presence of nitrogen oxides

Isoprene is a substantial contributor to the global secondary organic aerosol (SOA) burden, with implications for public health and the climate system. The mechanism by which isoprene-derived SOA is formed and the influence of environmental conditions, however, remain unclear. We present evidence from controlled smog chamber experiments and field measurements that in the presence of high levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) typical of urban atmospheres, 2-methyloxirane-2-carboxylic acid (methacrylic acid epoxide, MAE) is a precursor to known isoprene-derived SOA tracers, and ultimately to SOA. We propose that MAE arises from decomposition of the OH adduct of methacryloylperoxynitrate (MPAN). This hypothesis is supported by the similarity of SOA constituents derived from MAE to those from photooxidation of isoprene, methacrolein, and MPAN under high-NOx conditions. Strong support is further derived from computational chemistry calculations and Community Multiscale Air Quality model simulations, yielding predictions consistent with field observations. Field measurements taken in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, considered along with the modeling results indicate the atmospheric significance and relevance of MAE chemistry across the United States, especially in urban areas heavily impacted by isoprene emissions. Identification of MAE implies a major role of atmospheric epoxides in forming SOA from isoprene photooxidation. Updating current atmospheric modeling frameworks with MAE chemistry could improve the way that SOA has been attributed to isoprene based on ambient tracer measurements, and lead to SOA parameterizations that better capture the dependency of yield on NOx.
Using a pocket computer as a time study data collection tool

Abstract This paper discusses the use of a Radio Shack PC-2 pocket computer as a smart stopwatch. The PC-2 is a small (7.7″ by 3.4″ by 1.0″) low cost battery powered computer/calculator that is programmable in Basic. It also has an internal clock that is accessible to Basic, and an RS232 serial interface option that allows it to communicate with larger computers. A program is presented that turns the PC-2 into a smart time study stopwatch. A function key is used to record the start time of an activity. When it is pressed, the computer stores the start time in an array and prompts the user to enter an activity code. As the activity progresses other function keys may be pressed to change quantities or performance ratings, and add comments. Data from previous observations can also be examined and/or changed. Once an observation session is finished, the recorded data can be up-loaded to a desk top personal computer. The data can then be edited and recapped into a standard format. Note: The references in this paper to the Radio Shack PC-2 computer are not intended to be commercial. Several equivalent or close to equivalent machines are available from alternative vendors. The PC-2 is the machine that was purchased for the application presented.
Progressive Tension Sutures in Abdominoplasty: A Review of 597 Consecutive Cases

Background: Although abdominoplasty and other body-contouring procedures are being performed more frequently, the incidence of seroma and other complications has remained relatively unchanged. In 2000, a small retrospective series introduced progressive tension sutures (PTS) in abdominoplasty to reduce seroma without the use of drains. Objectives: The authors review the PTS technique and their experience with the procedure. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 597 consecutive abdominoplasty patients treated over 12 years was performed. Collected data included surgical setting, concomitant procedures, and complications. Results: Of the 597 abdominoplasties, 52.4% were performed in the hospital and 47.6% in an American Association for Accreditation of Ambulatory Surgery Facilities (AAAASF)-accredited facility. In 63.7% of cases, abdominoplasty was combined with another procedure(s). Liposuction was performed on the abdominoplasty flap or an adjacent area to the abdominoplasty dissection in 67% of patients. The average amount fat aspirate from these areas was 953 mL. No drains were placed. The rate of local complications was 4.2%; all but one of these complications (seroma; 0.1%) were minor. There were no systemic complications related to PTS and no venous thromboembolisms. Conclusions: PTS are an adjunct to abdominoplasty that can minimize seroma and potentially decrease other local complications. They provide secure fixation of the flap to eliminate motion and broadly transfer tension to the superficial fascial system. Drains can safely be eliminated from abdominoplasty, even when liposuction is performed. Systemic complications may be avoided and patient recovery expedited.
The (d,3He) reaction on 126Te, 128Te and 130Te nuclei

Abstract The (d,3He) reaction was employed to study the shell-model composition of the ground states of 126Te, 128Te and 130Te. The study was performed with a 34 MeV deuteron beam from the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron. A silicon counter telescope was used to detect the 3He particles. Angular distributions for the 3He groups were compared with DWBA predictions to obtain angular momentum transfers and spectroscopic factors. States were observed corresponding to the removal of protons from the 1 g 7 2 , 2 d 5 2 , 2 d 3 2 , and 3 s 1 2 shell-model orbits. In additions, states are populated which are due to pick-up of 1 g 9 2 , 2 p 1 2 and 2 p 3 2 protons from the next (lower) shell. The Q-value of the 130Te(d,3He)129Sb reaction was measured to be −4.55±0.03 MeV; it significantly increases the accuracy of the measured mass for 129Sb.
Evidence for two paths of alcohol use onset in adolescents

Research is needed to identify risk factors specifically associated with the development of substance abuse. The current study explored the possibility that adolescents classified as having a problem behavior prone orientation (Type II) are predisposed to more rapid alcohol use onset compared to more normally socialized (Type I) adolescents. It was hypothesized that both types of adolescents would increase their alcohol use over time, but that problem behavior prone adolescents would increase their rates of alcohol consumption more rapidly than would normally socialized adolescents. Using ANCOVA (with baseline alcohol use as a covariate) and f tests (examining only nondrinkers at baseline), the hypotheses were strongly supported. Both Type I and Type II adolescents significantly increased their alcohol use over a one-year period. Type II adolescents, in comparison to Type I adolescents, had significantly higher alcohol use. The greater alcohol use among Type II adolescents was attributed to their problem behavior prone orientation. The findings suggest the existence of two different developmental pathways of alcohol use onset, one initiated by normally socialized adolescents and the other by adolescents with a problem behavior prone orientation. Future alcohol abuse prevention programs may benefit from tailored intervention strategies which take into account population specific risk factors.
Nuclear coordinate dependence of electronic matrix elements for radiationless transitions

Abstract The nuclear coordinate dependence of the electronic matrix elements for radiationless transitions (in the weak coupling limit) is investigated by the use of a Q -centroid approximation. This approach bears a similarity to the familiar r -centroid method in diatomic spectroscopy, but has a wholy different physical character. Because the Q -centroid for electronic relaxation is obtained as an average with density of states weighted Franck—Condon factors, it is not restricted to geometries near the equilibrium position of the initial electronic state as it is in the case of radiative transitions (in the weak coupling limit). For totally symmetric vibrations, it is shown that the Q -centroids for poor accepting modes are in the vicinity of the equilibrium positions for this vibration, while those for good accepting modes tend towards the surface crossing along those vibrational modes. Thus, in the case of dominant accepting modes, the electronic matrix element reflects a Teller surface crossing mechanism for electronic relaxation, even though the density of states weighted Franck—Condon factors reflect a tunnelling mechanism. For non-totally symmetric vibrations, Q -centroids may be large or small independent of their accepting mode capabilities. Thus, coupling mechanisms, which are “forbidden” at the equilibrium geometry in aromatic hydrocarbons, may become allowed and even dominant because of very distorted Q -centroid configurations. This leads to another possible reason for the absence of observation of a vibration that is clearly assignable as a promoting mode in the single vibronic level fluorescence studies of benzene-like molecules. The results underscore previous warnings as to the enormous errors incurred by using the Condon approximation for the nuclear coordinate dependent energy denominators that appear in the electronic matrix elements.
Metabolic response to prolonged reduction of myocardial blood flow distal to a severe coronary artery stenosis.

Limited data are available concerning the effects of mild-to-moderate, sustained reductions of coronary blood flow on myocardial aerobic metabolism. This study tested the hypothesis that a sustained flow reduction distal to a severe coronary artery stenosis may be well tolerated (after the initial insult is passed) because of gradual improvement in the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Studies were performed in eight sedated, closed-chest domestic swine that were instrumented with an artificial coronary arterial stenosis (80% diameter reduction). Hemodynamics, regional myocardial blood flow and oxygen, lactate, acid, and base metabolism were measured before stenosis and at 5, 20, 60, 120, and 180 minutes after stenosis insertion. Regional myocardial function (ultrasonic length sensors) was measured serially during 2 hours in three additional swine. After stenosis placement, endocardial and transmural flows declined (p less than 0.05) compared with flows before stenosis (from 1.54 +/- 0....
Radio observations of some minor and major planets

Abstract Brightness temperatures have been measured at 2.85 cm wavelength for Ceres, Pallas, Mars, Uranus, and Neptune. The brightness temperature of Ceres seems to be a little lower than would be expected on the basis of simple theory.
Reading deficits in learning disabled children

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether LD children exhibited problems in the processes of attention, memory, or syntactical awareness when decoding written prose. Eighteen LD children and 18 normal controls were matched for initial word recognition skills. Subjects were then trained to read a list of individual words to criterion. Subsequently, they were tested on their ability to decode the same words in paragraph form, presented both immediately after training, and then again one week later. Half the children read paragraphs following standard English syntax, while the other half read a syntactically scrambled version of the same paragraph. The results indicated that a major contributing factor in the reading (decoding) difficulties demonstrated by the LD children derived from problems of acquisition and retrieval from long-term memory storage. The results were discussed in terms of their implications for the developmental lag theory of learning disabilities.
Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Endotoxin-Releasing Properties in Trauma Patients

Objective: To test the hypothesis that antibiotics leading to greater endotoxin release are associated with greater mortality in septic trauma patients. Design: Post hoc analysis of data from a previously conducted prospective, randomized, multicenter study designed to evaluate the efficacy of interferon gamma in preventing infection and death in trauma patients. Setting: Nine level I trauma centers. Patients: Severely injured trauma patients at high risk for sepsis. Eighty percent (N=334) of the enrolled patients developed some manifestation of gram-negative sepsis, defined by the administration of gram-negative specific antibiotics. Main Outcome Measures: The in-hospital mortality rate of patients who received penicillin-binding protein 3/tumor necrosis factor (PBP3/TNF)–specific antibiotics associated with the greatest degree of endotoxin release and TNF production (PBP3/TNF group, n=78: aztreonam. ceftazidime, and cefotaxime sodium) was compared with that of patients not receiving these agents (non-PBP3/TNF group, n=256). Results: Mortality in the PBP3/TNF group (17%) was higher than in the non-PBP3/TNF group (8%, P=.02). The two groups were similar in their mean (±SD) Injury Severity Scores (34±9), ages (31 ± 12 years), and initial degree of bacterial contamination. Conclusions: Antibiotics that are associated with greater release of endotoxin and production of TNF are also associated with greater mortality in septic trauma patients. Decisions regarding antibiotic administration may need to consider the endotoxin-releasing properties of antibiotics in addition to their antibacterial sensitivity spectrum. Prospective studies of the effect of endotoxin-releasing properties of antibiotics on mortality are warranted. (Arch Surg. 1995;130:1234-1241)
Identification, functional characterization and expression of a LAT type amino acid transporter from the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Abstract We isolated two cDNAs from the mosquito Aedes aegypti, an l -amino acid transporter (AeaLAT) and a CD98 heavy chain (AeaCD98hc). Expression of AeaCD98hc or AeaLAT alone in Xenopus oocyte did not induce amino acid transport activity. However, co-expression of AeaCD98hc and AeaLAT, which are postulated to form a heterodimer protein linked through a disulfide bond, showed significant increase in amino acid transport activity. This heterodimeric protein showed uptake specificity for large neutral and basic amino acids. Small acidic neutral amino acids were poor substrates for this transporter. Neutral amino acid (leucine) uptake activity was partially Na+ dependent, because leucine uptake was approximately 44% lower in the absence of Na+ than in its presence. However, basic amino acid (lysine) uptake activity was completely Na+ independent at pH of 7.4. Extracellular amino acid concentration could be the main factor that determined amino acid transport. These results suggest the heteromeric protein is likely a uniporter mediating diffusion of amino acids in the absence of ions. The AeaLAT showed high level expression in the gastric caeca, Malpighian tubules and hindgut of larvae. In caeca and hindgut expression was in the apical cell membrane. However, in Malpighian tubules and in midgut, the latter showing low level expression, the transporter was detected in the basolateral membrane. This expression profile supports the conclusion that this AeaLAT is a nutrient amino acid transporter.
The transformative potential of geothermal heating in the U.S. energy market: A regional study of New York and Pennsylvania

Abstract Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) could supply a significant fraction of the low-temperature ( Our evaluation revealed that EGS district heating has the potential to supply cost-effective energy for space and water heating in several New York and Pennsylvania communities in the near future. To realize wider deployment, modest improvements in EGS technology, escalation of natural gas prices, and/or government incentives will likely be required to enable GDH to compete with other heating alternatives today. EGS reservoir flow rates, drilling costs, system lifetimes, and fluid return temperatures have significant effects on the LCOH of GDH and thus will provide the highest return on R&D investment, while creative implementation strategies can help EGS district heating overcome initial cost barriers that exist today.
Scanning electron microscopic examination of the scolex and external tegumental surface of Proteocephalus ambloplitis

SUMMARY This examination represents the first scanning electron microscopic study of a proteocephalid tapeworm, Proteocephalus ambloplitis, and it also serves as the first comparative study between the adult and larval stages of a tapeworm. Proteocephalus ambloplitis has numerous microtrichs whose densities and diameters differ greatly from those of cyclophyllidean and pseudophyllidean tapeworms previously examined. Proteocephalus ambloplitis also has an external apical organ and a subcuticular organ.
An approach to information mediation in the industrial domain

This paper presents an approach to information mediation in the industrial domain resulting from the NIIIP infrastructure. In this environment, representations of computing resources normally managed behind distinct organizational “firewalls” are shared by members of a Virtual Enterprise. Issues of descriptive heterogeneity, multiple sources of control, and semantic mismatch are addressed by providing a common representation of both physical resources and natural language tokens as linked objects. The focus of this paper is on the algorithm or “stopping rule” that causes the mediation portion of the system to be invoked to learn to resolve object/action level conflicts by adding high-level abstractions in the form of “triplet tokens” to the Virtual Enterprise’s Knowledge Base Management System.
Identity in Organizations: Building Theory Through Conversations

The book ‘Identity in Organizations: Building Theory Through Conversations,’ edited by David A. Whetten and Paul C. Godfrey, is a useful and interesting foray into one community's conversation about identity and identifications and organizations. The book is organized into three different parts, each engaging ideas of identity from a different perspective. In Part I the authors look at what organizational identity means, trying to approach it from a more traditional macro-organizational theory perspective. Part II authors discuss identity in light of the question of what identity implies for strategy. Finally, in Part III of the book, the authors wrestle with the question of how people identify with organizations.
Holomorphic H -spherical distribution vectors in principal series representations

Let G/H be a semisimple symmetric space. The main tool to embed a principal series representation of G into L2(G/H) are the H-invariant distribution vectors. If G/H is a non-compactly causal symmetric space, then G/H can be realized as a boundary component of the complex crown Ξ. In this article we construct a minimal G-invariant subdomain ΞH of Ξ with G/H as Shilov boundary. Let π be a spherical principal series representation of G. We show that the space of H-invariant distribution vectors of π, which admit a holomorphic extension to ΞH, is one dimensional. Furthermore we give a spectral definition of a Hardy space corresponding to those distribution vectors. In particular we achieve a geometric realization of a multiplicity free subspace of L2(G/H)mc in a space of holomorphic functions.
Coupled gas and surface reactions in the organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy of cadmium telluride

We have examined the effect of the carrier gas on the kinetics of cadmium telluride deposition from dimethylcadmium (DMCd) and dimethyltellurium (DMTe) in a hot-wall glass reactor. Upon switching the gas from hydrogen to helium, the methane/ethane product ratio decreases from 4.1/1.0 to 0.0/1.0, the growth rate falls by a factor of 3.3±0.3, and the film becomes substantially rougher. These results are explained by the following reaction mechanism: DMCd and DMTe adsorb on the CdTe surface, then decompose by desorbing methyl radicals. In hydrogen, the CH3 radicals react with H2 to form CH4, whereas in helium, the CH3 radicals recombine into C2H6. The growth rate decreases on switching from H2 to He because of the change in film morphology. Evidently, the rougher films produced in helium contain fewer or less active sites for adsorption and decomposition of the organometallic molecules.
Single mutation in the A domain of diphtheria toxin results in a protein with altered membrane insertion behavior

The insertion of the A domain of diphtheria toxin into model membranes has been shown to be both pH- and temperature-dependent (Hu and Holmes (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12226-12233). In this report, the insertion behavior of two mutant proteins of diphtheria toxin, CRM197 and CRM9, was studied and compared to that of wild-type toxin. Results indicated that both CRM197 and CRM9 resembled toxin with respect to the pH-dependence of binding to negatively-charged liposomes at room temperature. However, CRM197 differed from toxin with respect to both the pH- and temperature-dependence of fragment A insertion; fragment A197 inserts more readily into the bilayer at 0 degrees C and low pH or at neutral pH and room temperature than does wild type fragment A under these same conditions. This result indicates that the single amino acid substitution in the A domain of CRM197 facilitates entry of fragment A197 into the membrane, suggesting that CRM197 may be conformationally distinct from native toxin. In fact, the fluorescence spectra of CRM197 and wild-type toxin as well as their respective tryptic peptide patterns indicate that, at pH 7, CRM197 more closely resembles the acid form of wild-type toxin than the native form of toxin. These data suggest that CRM197 may be naturally in a more 'insertion-competent' conformation. In contrast, the mutation in the B domain of CRM9 which results in a 1000-fold decrease in binding affinity for plasma membrane receptors apparently does not cause a change in either the insertion of fragment A9 or the lipid-binding properties of CRM9 relative to toxin.
Polarization potentials and elementary excitations in He II at low temperatures

The density fluctuation excitation spectrum of He II is calculated using a generalized polarization potential approach and shown to yield a phonon-roton spectrum for wave vectors less than 2.1 A−1 in excellent quantitative agreement with that observed in neutron scattering experiments for pressures ranging fromSVP to ∼25 bar. The model provides a simple physical explanation for the increase in maxon energy and decrease in roton energy with increasing pressure, and a quantitative account of the pressure variation of the single-phonon energy and probability amplitude in the vicinity of the roton minimum (1.8≤q≤2.1 A−1).
"Rent a mom" and other services: markets, meanings and emotions

In this essay, the author explores the impact of commercialisation on emotional life. She considers three approaches to the topic - theories of modernisation, of cultural variation and of capitalist encroachment. Drawing elements from each, she outlines what amounts to a preface to a sociology of emotions approach to commercialisation.
Methodological and Strategy Development Implications of Decision Segmentation

The goal of customer segmentation, the cornerstone of strategy development, is to identify homogeneous groups of customers that will respond in a consistent way to changes in the marketing mix. Interpretation of traditional quantitative segmentation approaches requires an inferential leap as to the underlying decision processes of each segment. Means-end research methodologies address this problem by providing a framework to understand customer decision making that can be directly translated into the specification of positioning strategy that is more personally relevant to a given target consumer group. The quantitative marketing research orientation to means-end research is contrasted to a more qualitative, consumer-decision research perspective. A new methodological procedure that addresses the shortcomings in previous analysis methods to produce decision segments is presented.
Quadratic power corrections to the dynamic magnetization using the transverse magnetostatic wave-optical interaction

A microstrip T-transducer excites forward volume magnetostatic waves (MSWs) in a [BiLu]3Fe5O12 film. An optical beam is edge coupled into the film and the transverse MSW–optical interaction is observed at high microwave power levels. Using the coupled mode equations, we demonstrate that a T-transducer causes the intensity of the diffracted beam to be a product of terms involving the magneto-optic coupling coefficient (κ) and the phase mismatch between the optical guided modes and the MSWs. Taylor series expansions for κ and the MSW wave number (β) are used to obtain an analytic expression for the MSW–optical interaction. The dependence on β causes a shift in the interaction spectrum with increasing power. After correcting for this shift, the residual dependence on power is attributed to a quadratic correction to the dynamic magnetization which in turn affects κ. We demonstrate how the quadratic dependence plays an important role in accurately determining an expansion for the MSW dispersion relation.
Plicatura como tratamiento primario del síndrome de robo en las fístulas arteriovenosas

El sindrome de robo vascular es una complicacion poco frecuente despues de los accesos vasculares para hemodialisis. Las opciones de tratamiento incluyen la ligadura de la fistula, banding y revascularizacion distal con ligadura intermedia (RDLI). La plicatura es otra tecnica que es simple aunque apenas se han publicado datos sobre el procedimiento. Hemos adoptado esta tecnica como procedimiento de eleccion para el sindrome del robo tras la colocacion de una fistula arteriovenosa (FAV) autologa. Describimos a siete pacientes tratados mediante plicatura. En todos se obtuvo la resolucion inmediata de los sintomas ( Tabla 1 ). En el seguimiento, todas las FAV estaban permeables y continuaban utilizandose para la hemodialisis. No obstante, un paciente experimento recidiva de los sintomas y preciso una nueva plicatura. En conclusion, este procedimiento para la FAV autologa representa una alternativa simple del tratamiento del sindrome del robo.
Quadratic homogeneous Keller maps of rank two

Abstract Let H be a quadratic homogeneous polynomial map of dimension n over an infinite field in which 2 is invertible such that its Jacobian JH is nilpotent. Meisters and Olech have shown that JH is strongly nilpotent if n ≤ 4 . They also proved that it is not true when n = 5 . We show that if rank J H ≤ 2 and n arbitrary, then JH is strongly nilpotent. We also give examples to show that this is no longer true for any rank and dimension as long as the rank is greater than 2.