cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus synchronize pectoral fin motion and opercular pumping

The relative timing between operculum and pectoral fin motion was examined in swimming bluegill Lepomis macrochirus to determine if respiratory fluid flows from the operculum might have an effect on flow over the pectoral fin. Five bluegill were filmed swimming at speeds from 0� 5t o 1� 5 body (total) lengths s � 1 . The timing of opercular pumping and pectoral fin beating was noted and analysed using circular statistics. Fish tended to ventilate their gills every second or third pectoral fin beat. While locomotion and ventilation had different frequencies, however, they were synchronized: fish maintained a consistent phase relationship between them. Thus, within pectoral fin beats when the operculum pumps, the jet consistently occurred during pectoral fin abduction, ending just after the fin was fully abducted and beginning adduction. Based on the distance between the opercular slit and the pectoral fin base, the jet was estimated to reach the fin during maximum abduction. Dye flow visualization confirmed this estimate, revealing that the opercular flow wraps around the base of the fin during peak abduction, when it is likely to have little hydrodynamic effect.
Flare monitoring for petroleum refineries

In petroleum refineries, it is a common practice to flare up the exhaust gases before releasing them to the atmosphere in order to reduce the environment pollution. The area or volume of the flare indicates the quantity of gas that is getting released in the refining process and the color of the flare at any given time is decided by the constituents of the gases in the flare and the volume of the flare indicates the quantity of gas that is released. In an indirect way, these parameters of flare indicate the performance of refining process. Presently, the flare is manually observed by the operator and doing so reliably on a 24×7 basis is a difficult job. In this paper we propose an algorithm1 to automate this effort using video analytics and provide the alarms in case of any abnormal flaring event. The flare detection is done by estimating models for foreground and background regions and the color of the flare is analyzed by using classifiers with kernel function, such as support vector machine (SVM). The performance of these algorithms is tested on various data sets collected from refineries.
Graph based multimodal word clustering for video event detection

Combining diverse low-level features from multiple modalities has consistently improved performance over a range of video processing tasks, including event detection. In our work, we study graph based clustering techniques for integrating information from multiple modalities by identifying word clusters spread across the different modalities. We present different methods to identify word clusters including word similarity graph partitioning, word-video co-clustering and Latent Semantic Indexing and the impact of different metrics to quantify the co-occurrence of words. We present experimental results on a ≈45000 video dataset used in the TRECVID MED 11 evaluations. Our experiments show that multimodal features have consistent performance gains over the use of individual features. Further, word similarity graph construction using a complete graph representation consistently improves over partite graphs and early fusion based multimodal systems. Finally, we see additional performance gains by fusing multimodal features with individual features.
A Novel 8-Phase PLL Design for PWM Scheme in High Speed I/O Circuits

A novel phase-locked-loop (PLL) topology for pulse width modulation (PWM) technique in high speed I/O circuits is presented in this paper. The VCO of the PLL generates the eight phase clocks of the same frequency. A simple level shifter structure is used to amplify the VCO output signal to the full voltage swing and guarantee 50% duty cycle for a wide range of frequency. The performance of the charge-pump and phase- frequency detector is improved from the previous research. The proposed PLL can be used in both transmitter end and receiver end and the performance satisfies the requirements of high speed wireline communication.
Methods for Generating Land Suitability Maps: A Comparative Evaluation

Land resource inventories to determine land suitabilities have become a standard part of planning analysis at many scales. Any attempt to review, compare, evaluate, or improve upon the myriad of case studies, many only partially documented and in limited circulation, suffers from the lack of reference to a common framework. This article develops a general statement of the purpose and character of land suitability analysis, a taxonomy of existing methods for identifying homogeneous areas and rating them as to suitability for specific uses, and a comparative evaluation of these methods.
Revealed or Concealed? Transparency of Procedures, Decisions, and Judgment Calls in Meta-Analyses

The authors examined the degree to which meta-analyses in the organizational sciences transparently report procedures, decisions, and judgment calls by systematically reviewing all (198) meta-analyses published between 1995 and 2008 in 11 top journals that publish meta-analyses in industrial and organizational psychology and organizational behavior. The authors extracted information on 54 features of each meta-analysis. On average, the meta-analyses in the sample provided 52.8% of the information needed to replicate the meta-analysis or to assess its validity and 67.6% of the information considered to be most important according to expert meta-analysts. More recently published meta-analyses exhibited somewhat more transparent reporting practices than older ones did. Overall transparency of reporting (but not reporting of the most important items) was associated with higher ranked journals; transparency was not significantly related to number of citations. The authors discuss the implications of inadequate...
mei-P22 Encodes a Chromosome-Associated Protein Required for the Initiation of Meiotic Recombination in Drosophila melanogaster

Double-strand breaks (DSB) initiate meiotic recombination in a variety of organisms. Here we present genetic evidence that the mei-P22 gene is required for the induction of DSBs during meiotic prophase in Drosophila females. Strong mei-P22 mutations eliminate meiotic crossing over and suppress the sterility of DSB repair-defective mutants. Interestingly, crossing over in mei-P22 mutants can be restored to almost 50% of wild-type by X irradiation. In addition, an antibody-based assay was used to demonstrate that DSBs are not formed in mei-P22 mutants. This array of phenotypes is identical to that of mei-W68 mutants; mei-W68 encodes the Drosophila Spo11 homolog that is proposed to be an enzyme required for DSB formation. Consistent with a direct role in DSB formation, mei-P22 encodes a basic 35.7-kD protein, which, when examined by immunofluorescence, localizes to foci on meiotic chromosomes. MEI-P22 foci appear transiently in early meiotic prophase, which is when meiotic recombination is believed to initiate. By using an antibody to C(3)G as a marker for synaptonemal complex (SC) formation, we observed that SC is present before MEI-P22 associates with the chromosomes, thus providing direct evidence that the development of SC precedes the initiation of meiotic recombination. Similarly, we found that MEI-P22 foci did not appear in a c(3)G mutant in which SC does not form, suggesting that DSB formation is dependent on SC formation in Drosophila. We propose that MEI-P22 interacts with meiosis-specific chromosome proteins to facilitate DSB creation by MEI-W68.
Impaired Mitochondrial Dynamics and Abnormal Interaction of Amyloid Beta with Mitochondrial Protein Drp1 in Neurons from Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for Neuronal Damage

The purpose of our study was to better understand the relationship between mitochondrial structural proteins, particularly dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and amyloid beta (Aβ) in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using qRT-PCR and immunoblotting analyses, we measured mRNA and protein levels of mitochondrial structural genes in the frontal cortex of patients with early, definite and severe AD and in control subjects. We also characterized monomeric and oligomeric forms of Aβ in these patients. Using immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting analysis, we investigated the interaction between Aβ and Drp1. Using immunofluorescence analysis, we determined the localization of Drp1 and intraneuronal and oligomeric Aβ in the AD brains and primary hippocampal neurons from Aβ precursor protein (AβPP) transgenic mice. We found increased expression of the mitochondrial fission genes Drp1 and Fis1 (fission 1) and decreased expression of the mitochondrial fusion genes Mfn1 (mitofusin 1), Mfn2 (mitofusin 2), Opa1 (optic atrophy 1) and Tomm40. The matrix gene CypD was up-regulated in AD patients. Results from our qRT-PCR and immunoblotting analyses suggest that abnormal mitochondrial dynamics increase as AD progresses. Immunofluorescence analysis of the Drp1 antibody and the Aβ antibodies 6E10 and A11 revealed the colocalization of Drp1 and Aβ. Drp1 immunoprecipitation/immunoblotting analysis of Aβ antibodies 6E10 and A11 revealed that Drp1 interacts with Aβ monomers and oligomers in AD patients, and these abnormal interactions are increased with disease progression. Primary neurons that were found with accumulated oligomeric Aβ had lost branches and were degenerated, indicating that oligomeric Aβ may cause neuronal degeneration. These findings suggest that in patients with AD, increased production of Aβ and the interaction of Aβ with Drp1 are crucial factors in mitochondrial fragmentation, abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and synaptic damage. Inhibiting, these abnormal interactions may be a therapeutic strategy to reduce mitochondrial fragmentation, neuronal and synaptic damage and cognitive decline in patients with AD.
Not Just Business as Usual: Evolving Trends in Historical Research at Baker Library

Since its founding, Baker Library has collected rare and unique materials to support the curriculum of the Harvard Business School. Today, Baker Library holds one of the preeminent collections of historical materials on business history and economic philosophy in the world. Included in the collections are manuscripts, rare books, pamphlets, broadsides, photographs, prints, trade catalogs, trade cards, and annual reports. The earliest records extend back to the banking and patronage activities of the Medici family in the fifteenth century. Harvard Business School students and faculty as well as leaders in the field have used this resource material to learn from the experiences of the past and to understand the historical development of business functions. More recently, however, the material has also been drawing ever-increasing numbers of international students and scholars from a broad range of disciplines, such as cultural anthropology, ethnic and gender studies, industrial archaeology, sociology, fine ...
Suprarenal Occurrence of an Adenomatoid Tumor

AbstractAdenomatoid tumors are rare, benign mesotheliomas that usually are associated with the genitourinary tract. The suprarenal occurrence of this tumor is uncommon. We present such a case and review the origin of the adenomatoid tumor.
THE EFFECT OF MINDFULNESS-BASED STRESS REDUCTION ON ANGINA AND VASCULAR FUNCTION IN WOMEN WITH NON-OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Women have more angina, but less obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), than men. Vascular function abnormalities, such as endothelial and microvascular dysfunction, are commonly found in these women, but treatment strategies are incomplete. We investigated whether mindfulness-based stress
Classification of protein binding in hydroxyapatite chromatography: synergistic interactions on the molecular scale.

A protein library exhibiting a range of properties was employed to study protein binding behavior in hydroxyapatite systems. Chromatographic retention on ceramic hydroxyapatite (CHT) chromatography was determined using a sodium chloride gradient in the presence of different phosphate concentrations. Results from the column experiments were then analyzed using various quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) based modeling approaches. Using the experimental data set in concert with new molecular descriptors, QSPR classification models were generated to provide improved understanding of protein binding in CHT systems. In addition, nonlinear SVM QSPR prediction models were generated and employed as a predictive tool for protein affinity in CHT. Interestingly, a class of descriptors which describe synergistic binding with both metal chelation and cation exchange interactions on the angstrom length scale was found to play a vital role for protein binding in all of the models developed for CHT. The i...
Successful Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis with Allopurinol After Failure of Treatment with Ketoconazole

Treatment of persistent leishmaniasis with oral agents has received increasing attention, although the optimal agent for use in all settings has not been determined. This report describes a patient with persistent cutaneous infection due to Leishmania mexicana mexicana who apparently responded to therapy with allopurinol after treatment with a course of ketoconazole failed. In vitro testing of pre- and posttreatment isolates from the wound did not demonstrate the development of resistance to ketoconazole. To our knowledge, this is the first report that independently confirms the recently reported efficacy of allopurinol for treatment of leishmaniasis.
Calibration of an Actively Controlled Expansion Hypersonic Wind Tunnel

** In this paper, we report on the status of the Actively Controlled Expansion (ACE) hypersonic wind tunnel facility, which is under development at Texas A&M University. The tunnel was designed to provide continuously variable hypersonic flow conditions over a Mach number range of 5.0 to 8.0. The facility operates in a pressure-vacuum blow-down mode, and the run time is nominally 50 seconds. The nozzle system was designed such that the Mach number can be actively controlled as the tunnel is running. The estimated response time of the flow is on the order of 2.0 milliseconds. The cross-sectional area of the test section is 9.0 inch x 14.0 inch. In this paper, we describe the design, calibration and current status of the facility development.
Situating Transnational Genre Knowledge A Genre Trajectory Analysis of One Student’s Personal and Academic Writing

Scholars have recently begun to conceive of literacy practices as drawing from resources that are simultaneously situated and extracontextual. In particular, studies of transnational literacy affirm the importance of both locality and movement in literacy studies. Continuing this inquiry into the situated and dispersed nature of transnational literacy, the author investigates the distinct effects that shuttling between national contexts have on the accumulation and use of genre knowledge. Specifically, through a case study of one Third Culture Kid student writer, the author reports on how her genre knowledge develops in response to transnational relocations between Italy and the United States and the way this transnational genre knowledge informs her writing of a high-stakes in-school genre. This case illustrates the value of rhetorical genre studies for understanding the situated and dispersed nature of transnational literacy and begins to outline the distinctiveness of transnational boundary-crossing pr...
Predicting Meme Success with Linguistic Features in a Multilayer Backpropagation Network.

The challenge of predicting meme success has gained attention from researchers, largely due to the increased availability of social media data. Many models focus on structural features of online social networks as predictors of meme success. The current work takes a different approach, predicting meme success from linguistic features. We propose predictive power is gained by grounding memes in theories of working memory, emotion, memory, and psycholinguistics. The linguistic content of several memes were analyzed with linguistic analysis tools. These features were then trained with a multilayer supervised backpropagation network. A set of new memes was used to test the generalization of the network. Results indicated the network was able to generalize the linguistic features in order to predict success at greater than chance levels (80% accuracy). Linguistic features appear to be enough to predict meme transmission success without any information about social network structure.
2015 Society for Text and Discourse Annual Meeting: Introduction to the Special Issue

This special issue of Discourse Processes highlights work from the 24th annual meeting of the Society for Text and Discourse held in Minneapolis, MN, July 6–8, 2015. All of the articles in this iss...
Nietzsche's Culture of Humanity: Beyond Aristocracy and Democracy in the Early Period

Nietzsche scholars have long been divided over whether Nietzsche is an aristocratic or a democratic thinker. Nietzche's Culture of Humanity overcomes this debate by proving both sides wrong. Jeffrey Church argues that in his early period writings, Nietzsche envisioned a cultural meritocracy that drew on the classical German tradition of Kant and Herder. The young Nietzsche's 'culture of humanity' synthesized the high and low, the genius and the people, the nation and humanity. Nietzsche's early ideal of culture can shed light on his mature period thought, since, Church argues, Nietzsche does not abandon this fundamental commitment to a cultural meritocracy. Nietzche's Culture of Humanity argues that Nietzsche's novel defense of culture can overcome some persisting problems in contemporary liberal theories of culture. As such, this book should interest Nietzsche scholars, political theorists and philosophers interested in modern thought, as well as contemporary thinkers concerned with the politics of culture.
Really, How Easy Is It to Use the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale?

Objectives: To determine reliability of pharyngeal residue severity ratings with naive raters using the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale images.
Salt-Assisted Ultrasonic Deaggregation of Nanodiamond

We report a new facile, inexpensive, and contaminant-free technique of salt-assisted ultrasonic deaggregation (SAUD) of nanodiamond into single-digit particles stable in aqueous colloidal solution in a wide pH range. The technique utilizes the energy of ultrasound to break apart nanodiamond aggregates in sodium chloride aqueous slurry. In contrast to current deaggregation techniques, which introduce zirconia contaminants into nanodiamond, the single-digit nanodiamond colloids produced by SAUD have no toxic or difficult-to-remove impurities and are therefore well-suited to produce nanodiamonds for numerous applications, including theranostics, composites, and lubrication, etc. Requiring only aqueous slurry of sodium chloride and standard horn sonicator, and yielding highly pure well-dispersed nanodiamond colloids, the technique is an attractive alternative to current nanodiamond deaggregation protocols and can be easily implemented in any laboratory or scaled up for industrial use.
Eye Tracking Outcomes in Tobacco Control Regulation and Communication: A Systematic Review.

Objective In this paper we synthesize the evidence from eye tracking research in tobacco control to inform tobacco regulatory strategies and tobacco communication campaigns. Methods We systematically searched 11 databases for studies that reported eye tracking outcomes in regards to tobacco regulation and communication. Two coders independently reviewed studies for inclusion and abstracted study characteristics and findings. Results Eighteen studies met full criteria for inclusion. Eye tracking studies on health warnings consistently showed these warnings often were ignored, though eye tracking demonstrated that novel warnings, graphic warnings, and plain packaging can increase attention toward warnings. Eye tracking also revealed that greater visual attention to warnings on advertisements and packages consistently was associated with cognitive processing as measured by warning recall. Conclusions Eye tracking is a valid indicator of attention, cognitive processing, and memory. The use of this technology in tobacco control research complements existing methods in tobacco regulatory and communication science; it also can be used to examine the effects of health warnings and other tobacco product communications on consumer behavior in experimental settings prior to the implementation of novel health communication policies. However, the utility of eye tracking will be enhanced by the standardization of methodology and reporting metrics.
Rosewater: Directed by Jon Stewart. Produced by Gigi Pritzker, Scott Rudin, and Jon Stewart. Universal Studios Home Entertainment, 2015, DVD, 104 minutes.

If you have not heard of the 2014 film Rosewater, you are not alone, as its release hardly made a blip on the radar screen of movie releases, independent or otherwise. It is not exactly a blockbust...
Testosterone Decreases Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle Excitability via Novel Signaling Mechanism Involving Direct Activation of the BK Channels

In addition to improving sexual function, testosterone has been reported to have beneficial effects in ameliorating lower urinary tract symptoms by increasing bladder capacity and compliance, while...
Design of a sound source phantom with uniform surface signal

Documenting the characteristics of contact body-sound sensors is important since they are an integral part of vibroacoustic experiments. To facilitate sensor testing, a repeatable sound source is desirable. The purpose of this study was to construct a sound source phantom for testing sensors with different sizes. To facilitate accurate comparison of the characteristics of these sensors a uniform acoustic signal at the phantom surface is required. The acoustic output at the phantom surface was documented using a laser Doppler vibrometer. A rigid plate was embedded within the phantom to help achieve a uniform acoustic signal at the surface. Measurements showed that the surface acoustic output has high spatial uniformity (about ±1dB over a 6 cm diameter). The developed phantom is compact (≫ 250 ml), easy to construct, requires no special storage, and has mechanical properties similar to soft tissue.
Processing of ultrathin silicon heterojunction solar cells bonded to a glass carrier

A method of processing ultrathin silicon solar cells by bonding them to a glass carrier is described. The method allows processing large area solar cells on the wafers with down to 10 micron thickness. In the method the rear side of a solar cell is processed on a stand-alone wafer. The cell is then bonded to a glass carrier followed by chemical thinning and processing of the front side. Finally, the cell is de-bonded from the glass carrier. This work applied bonding process previously developed at Arizona State University Flexible Electronics and Display Center to a SHJ solar cell. It was found that bonding material can withstand wafer thinning and acidic cleans used in SHJ processing. We also show that bonding material doesn't contaminate PECVD or sputtering chambers and doesn't prevent achieving very good surface passivation.
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Solvent-Deposited Materials on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite

Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) is a new tool for resolving surface topography and electronic states at the atomic level. STM excels over other microscopy techniques in its high lateral and vertical resolutions. Many forms of carbon including diamonds, fullerenes, isotropic porous carbons and glassy carbons have been studied extensively by STM. STM studies of basic carbon materials and surface adsorbed species on these carbon surfaces are essential as a foundation for future nanoscopic work involving more complex materials, such as carbon-carbon composites and coal structures, as well as the advancement of carbon inhibition/gasification technology. Our studies have shown that atomic structure of solvent deposited coal can be revealed and this will help in better understanding of the coal structure. The metal salts deposited on the graphite structure will help in a better understanding of the catalysis in carbon gasification. In this paper we have discussed some of the preliminary work performed on the materials deposited on the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface.
Manufacture and preparation of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for local tissue delivery.

Abstract Background In this study we describe the development of a Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP)-compliant process to isolate, expand and bank placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PMSCs) for use as stem cell therapy. We characterize the viability, proliferation and neuroprotective secretory profile of PMSCs seeded on clinical-grade porcine small intestine submucosa extracellular matrix (SIS-ECM; Cook Biotech). Methods PMSCs were isolated from early gestation placenta chorionic villus tissue via explant culture. Cells were expanded, banked and screened. Purity and expression of markers of pluripotency were determined using flow cytometry. Optimal loading density and viability of PMSCs on SIS-ECM were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) cell proliferation and fluorescent live/dead assays, respectively. Growth factors secretion was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results PMSCs were rapidly expanded and banked. Viable Master and Working Cell Banks were stable with minimal decrease in viability at 6 months. All PMSCs were sterile, free from Mycoplasma species, karyotypically normal and had low endotoxin levels. PMSCs were homogeneous by immunophenotyping and expressed little to no pluripotency markers. Optimal loading density on SIS-ECM was 3–5 × 10 5 cells/cm 2 , and seeded cells were >95% viable. Neurotrophic factor secretion was detectable from PMSCs seeded on plastic and SIS-ECM with variability between donor lots. Discussion PMSCs from early gestation placental tissues can be rapidly expanded and banked in stable, viable cell banks that are free from contaminating agents, genetically normal and pure. PMSC delivery can be accomplished by using SIS-ECM, which maintains cell viability and protein secretion. Future work in vivo is necessary to optimize cell seeding and transplantation to maximize therapeutic capabilities.
ALS Associated Mutations In Matrin 3 Alter Protein-Protein Interactions And Impede Mrna Nuclear Export

Mutations in Matrin 3 have recently been linked to ALS, though the mechanism that induces disease in these patients is unknown. To define the protein interactome of wild-type and ALS-linked MATR3 mutations, we performed immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry using NSC-34 cells expressing human wild-type or mutant Matrin 3. Gene ontology analysis identified a novel role for Matrin 3 in mRNA transport centered on proteins in the TRanscription and EXport (TREX) complex, known to function in mRNA biogenesis and nuclear export. ALS-linked mutations in Matrin 3 led to its re-distribution within the nucleus, decreased co-localization with endogenous Matrin 3 and increased co-localization with specific TREX components. Expression of disease-causing Matrin 3 mutations led to nuclear mRNA export defects of both global mRNA and more specifically the mRNA of TDP-43 and FUS. Our findings identify a potential pathogenic mechanism attributable to MATR3 mutations and further link cellular transport defects to ALS.
Evolution of the cosmological constant

Supernova observations have indicated that the Universe is expanding faster than the theory of inflation predicts. Some theoretical cosmologists suggest that an exotic form of energy density called quintessence may be responsible. Quintessence began as Einstein's cosmological constant, but if it is not, in fact, constant it may explain why we appeared just when it had the same value as the density of ordinary matter.
Monte Carlo simulation of chemistry following radiolysis with TOPAS-nBio.

Simulation of water radiolysis and the subsequent chemistry provides important information on the effect of ionizing radiation on biological material. The Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit has added chemical processes via the Geant4-DNA project. The TOPAS tool simplifies the modeling of complex radiotherapy applications with Geant4 without requiring advanced computational skills, extending the pool of users. Thus, a new extension to TOPAS, TOPAS-nBio, is under development to facilitate the configuration of track-structure simulations as well as water radiolysis simulations with Geant4-DNA for radiobiological studies. In this work, radiolysis simulations were implemented in TOPAS-nBio. Users may now easily add chemical species and their reactions, and set parameters including branching ratios, dissociation schemes, diffusion coefficients, and reaction rates. In addition, parameters for the chemical stage were re-evaluated and updated from those used by default in Geant4-DNA to improve the accuracy of chemical yields. Simulation results of time-dependent and LET-dependent primary yields Gx (chemical species per 100 eV deposited) produced at neutral pH and 25 °C by short track-segments of charged particles were compared to published measurements. The LET range was 0.05-230 keV µm-1. The calculated Gx values for electrons satisfied the material balance equation within 0.3%, similar for protons albeit with long calculation time. A smaller geometry was used to speed up proton and alpha simulations, with an acceptable difference in the balance equation of 1.3%. Available experimental data of time-dependent G-values for [Formula: see text] agreed with simulated results within 7% ± 8% over the entire time range; for [Formula: see text] over the full time range within 3% ± 4%; for H2O2 from 49% ± 7% at earliest stages and 3% ± 12% at saturation. For the LET-dependent Gx, the mean ratios to the experimental data were 1.11 ± 0.98, 1.21 ± 1.11, 1.05 ± 0.52, 1.23 ± 0.59 and 1.49 ± 0.63 (1 standard deviation) for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], H2, H2O2 and [Formula: see text], respectively. In conclusion, radiolysis and subsequent chemistry with Geant4-DNA has been successfully incorporated in TOPAS-nBio. Results are in reasonable agreement with published measured and simulated data.
Contestation on Reddit, Gamergate, and movement barriers

This article investigates how the social media site Reddit hindered the collective action efforts stemming from the Gamergate controversy. Using forum posts from two time-points, one early in the m...
Navier-Stokes Dynamics

Longtime dynamical issues arise in many areas in the world about us. For example, one finds them in various fluid flows as illustrated by 1) heat transfer and its effects on global climate modeling and weather prediction; 2) flows of multiphased fluids and oil recovery; 3) behavior of chemical solutes in lakes, harbors and river basins; 4) geothermal consequences of magma flows; and 5) fluid flows in thin films. In order to understand the modeling of such phenomena, one needs good mathematical tools coupled with sound insight into the physics and the chemistry of the problems.
Animals in Agriculture: Beef, Milk, and Eggs

Interactive exercise for class discussion of ethical issues associated with production of beef, milk and eggs.
Estradiol Regulation of the Frequency and Site of Origin of Uterine Contractions in Ewes

Five experiments were conducted to study the action of estradiol in regulating the frequency and site of origin of contractions in ewes anesthetized with sodium pentobarbitol. Contractions were observed visually by means of midventral laparotomy. In Exp. 1, the percentage of posterior contractions (contractions originating caudal to external bifurcation) of uterine horns and RNA/DNA declined by 36 to 48 hr after the onset of estrus; estradiol posterior contractions and increased RNA/DNA. In Exp. 2, the frequency of contractions in ovariectomized ewes was maximal (53 +/- 5) at 12 hr after an injection of 45 microgram estradiol and was about double the control value (28 +/- 9). The percentage of posterior contractions was greatest at 18 hr (90 +/- 5) and was almost nine times as great as control values (12 +/- 7). RNA/DNA increased from .26 +/- .07 at 12 hr to .48 +/- .05 at 18 hours. In Exp. 3, estradiol increased the frequency of contractions in ovariectomized ewes (48 +/- 2 vs 32 +/- 3) within 6 hours. Neither phenoxybenzamine nor cycloheximide blocked this estradiol-induced increase. In Exp. 4, estradiol increased the percentage of posterior contractions in ovariectomized ewes at 24 hr (7 +/- 4 vs 78 +/- 12), but not the frequency (24 +/- 5 vs 24 +/- 4). Neither 6-OH dopamine nor reserpine altered the estradiol effect on posterior origination of contractions, although reserpine reduced myometrial concentration (nanogram/milligram DNA) of norepinephrine (205 +/- 31 vs 52 +/- 16 without estradiol and 127 +/- 30 vs 62 +/- 13 with estradiol). In Exp. 5, estradiol increased the percentage of posterior contractions in ovariectomized ewes at 24 hr (8 +/- 4 vs 86 +/- 7), and the increase was blocked by indomethacin. Estradiol increased prostaglandin F (PGF) in endometrium but not in myometrium. Indomethacin reduced PGF in both tissues and blocked the estradiol-induced increase. Anterior portions of the uterus had higher concentrations of PGF than did posterior portions. Estradiol induction of high-frequency uterine contractions is dissociable from estradiol induction of a posterior site of origin of contractions, i.e., time for the two effects to appear in ovariectomized ewes differs and the estrogenic regulation of the site of origin of uterine contractions requires protein synthesis.
Field emission energy distribution and three-terminal current-voltage characteristics from planar graphene edges

We demonstrate field emission from an integrated three-terminal device using a suspended planar graphene edge as the source of vacuum electrons. Energy spectra of the emitted electrons confirm the field-emission mechanism. The energy spectra produced by graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition and reduced graphene oxide are compared. The drain-source voltage required to produce a given drain current increases when negative voltages are applied to the gate, confirming field-effect transistor operation. The emission current rises exponentially with inverse voltage over the measured current range from 1 pA to 10 nA. The current-voltage characteristics are consistent with tunneling through barrier potentials calculated numerically from the device geometry.
Roe on the Rez: The Case for Expanding Abortion Access on Tribal Land

While the courts have codified and reaffirmed the right to abortion, some state legislatures have enacted increasingly burdensome restrictions on abortion. In a number of states, there is only one abortion clinic available for thousands of people. This Note explores whether Native American tribes, as sovereigns, may establish holistic reproductive health clinics on tribal land. It analyzes abortion law in Wisconsin under the framework of Public Law 280 jurisprudence to determine that clinics in Indian Country would not be subject to state abortion regulations. This Note also explores the practical implications of a Native-owned-and-operated clinic, and concludes that these clinics would greatly increase access to safe reproductive health care for Native and non-Native people.
Student Cheating: A Dramaturgical Analysis of Identity, Deception, and Self-deception

This study offers a dramaturgical analysis of college students’ cheating behavior. All students who participated in the study claimed to have never cheated in college, yet many of their responses describe their own cheating behaviors. Three socially constructed identities emerged from their deceptive performances: the entertainer, the confessor, and the justifier. Each social identity offers an opportunity for understanding various forms of deception within instructional contexts. Further analysis offers insight regarding how deception is designed for particular audiences and addresses the topic of self-deception.
The weight of fairness

Many philosophers argue that individuals have duties to do their fair shares of the demands of achieving important common ends. But what happens when some individuals fail to do their fair shares? ...
Fathers' Visitation of Very Low Birth Weight Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during the First Week of Life.

Objective The perceived fragility of extremely preterm neonates may deter paternal visitation early during the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay. We retrospectively analyzed the correlation between paternal visitation of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants in our NICU and sociodemographic characteristics. Study Design We identified inborn VLBW infants admitted to our NICU from 2017 to 2018. The rate of visit days in the first week of life was analyzed using Spearman's correlation and Poisson's regression. Results The analysis included 292 infants (median gestational age [GA]: 29 weeks), with fathers present on a median of 3 days of the first week of life. GA was not correlated with visitation (rho = –0.04). On multivariable regression, fathers visited less frequently if they did not live with the mother or if the mother lived 25 to 75 km from the hospital versus Conclusion Fathers' visitation in our NICU was constrained by socioeconomic factors rather than VLBW infants' characteristics.
Pulse Dependent Threshold Voltage Variation of the Ovonic Threshold Switch in Cross-Point Memory

We report the pulse dependent threshold voltage ( ${V} _{t}$ ) variation of the Ovonic Threshold Switch (OTS) and its effect on the read window margin (RWM) in Cross-Point Memory (XPM). We found that OTS ${V} _{t}$ varies by the height and width of the write-current pulse. The varied ${V} _{t}$ is persistently maintained even after 2E4 cycling of the write pulse, which means that the phenomenon is not a temporary one, but a type of memory effect in OTS itself. Therefore, it would affect the overall ${V} _{t}$ window ( $\Delta {V}_{t}$ ) of XPM by changing the Set ${V} _{t}$ ( ${V} _{t\_{}{\text {Set}}}$ ) and Reset ${V} _{t}$ ( ${V} _{t\_{}{\text {Reset}}}$ ) when combined with either phase-change memory (PCM) or resistive memory (RM). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) images have proved that this phenomenon is not caused by the phase change of the OTS. Instead, a sub-threshold analysis extracted from the Poole-Frenkel model suggests that the phenomenon is associated with the variation of the amorphous network either by changes in the atomic bonding configuration or trap density.
Designing Multistep Peak Time Rebate Programs for Curtailment Service Providers

Demand response is an effective solution to reduce the system operating cost and improve system reliability. However, the demand response potential of residential customers has not been fully utilized. To better exploit this potential, we propose a multistep peak time rebate program that is beneficial to both the program provider and the customer. To bring more resources into the market, we consider the curtailment service provider model under which the third-party entities are authorized for reduction aggregation and market participation. To verify the efficacy of this program, we develop a bi-level optimization model for the program providers. We propose an innovative model to capture the customer's probabilistic reduction for the lower-level problem. For the upper-level problem, a two-stage stochastic program is set up to identify the program provider's bidding strategy. The simulation results uphold the superiority of the multistep peak time rebate program to the program provider. Furthermore, we find out that the reduction deviation penalty affects the optimal bidding strategy and the efficacy of the innovative program. The result sheds light on the directions in designing effective programs and how the third-party entities may evolve in the near future.
Rational Design of a Zinc Phthalocyanine Binding Protein

Phthalocyanines have long been used as primary donor molecules in synthetic light-powered devices due to their superior properties when compared to natural light activated molecules such as chlorophylls. their use in biological contexts, however, has been severely restricted due to their high degree of self-association, and its attendant photoquenching, in aqueous environments. To this end we report the rational redesign of a de novo four helix bundle di-heme binding protein into a heme and Zinc phthalocyanine dyad. The stepwise design pathway included the sulfonation of the phthalocyanine cofactor to destabilize stacking interactions, the creation of a single chain helical bundle protein in order to enable the creation of asymmetric binding sites and the removal of a disulfide bond to increase protein flexibility. The final design tightly binds one heme and one zinc phthalocyanine as a monomer in “splendid isolation”. Singular binding of Zinc Phthalocyanine was verified by absorption, fluorescence and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopies.
Workshop 9 – Ontogeny of the Immune Response

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the ontogeny of the immune response. The T function in the sheep red blood cell reconstitution system can be demonstrated in mouse thymus cells beginning at birth, while B function as measured by transfer into irradiated hosts can be detected in cells derived from the 16-day embryonic liver. In contrast, the neonatal spleen has not yet acquired either functional ability. On the other hand, embryonic liver from 14- or 16-day embryos can be induced to mount a graft-versus-host reaction both in vitro and by passage through irradiated hosts, suggesting that concept of T-cell maturation and ontogeny needs revision or expansion. The factors that influence differentiation of the various cell populations involved in immune responses are many and no summary can encompass them all. Aside from the basic influences involved in cell migration and inductive tissue interactions during ontogeny, special attention needs to be placed on the role of genetic background, of humoral factors such as pituitary hormones or thymus-derived fractions and on the role of specific antigenic stimulation on that differentiation process.
Thermal Characterization and TCAD Modeling of a Power Amplifier in 45RFSOI for 5G mmWave Applications

This paper presents a systematic methodology by thermal characterization and simulation of a 3-FET stacked K/Ka-band class-AB power amplifier built on GLOBALFOUNDRIES 45nm SOI process. A detailed temperature profile is obtained in the FEOL and BEOL stacks by first using special gate Kelvin measurement structures and novel Kelvin metal sensor stack at several Mx layers (M 1 -M 5 ), which calibrate models to then be applied in a thermal simulation of the PA itself.
Black on Black Representation

When it comes to combating structural racism, representation matters, and this is true for criminal defense as much as it is for health services and education. This Article calls for the expansion of the Sixth Amendment right to counsel of choice to indigent defendants and argues that such an expansion could be of particular benefit to indigent Black defendants. Extending choice to all indigent defendants reinforces the principles underlying the Sixth Amendment right to counsel and can help strengthen the attorney-client relationship. Because an expansion would grant defendants the autonomy to request counsel who they believe would best represent them, Black defendants who prioritize racial congruency and cultural competency may select Black counsel. Empowering indigent Black people to select, should they desire, Black and/or culturally competent public defenders has the potential to offer a range of benefits, including mitigating anti-Black racism in the criminal legal system. Methodologically, this Article takes multiple approaches. First, it connects indigent representation to existing literature from other fields—clinical therapy and education—both of which recognize the benefits of racial congruency, to support the argument that Black public defenders may benefit Black clients. To explore how same-race representation functions in practice, this Article also relies on qualitative interviews with Black public defenders regarding communication and trust; factors that the American Bar Association identifies as integral to criminal defense. Together, these approaches highlight how expanding choice to indigent defendants might impact Black defendants, something that past choice of counsel literature does not examine. The Article concludes that recruiting more Black public defenders and training culturally competent lawyers are critical next steps regardless of whether the Court expands the right to counsel of choice to people who qualify for appointed counsel.
Serial Learning and Dimensional Organization

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the serial learning and dimensional organization. It explores the concept of dimensional organization with particular emphasis on serial learning. It has been suggested that the processes that underlie learning to output a set of items in a constant order, i.e., sequence learning, are orthogonal to those that are responsible for the serial position effect (SPE). The occurrence of the SPE under conditions of serial learning was attributed to dimensional organization of the temporally ordered series, and the general proposition was offered that whenever items are discriminated on the basis of their respective dimension locations, the SPE will occur. The ability of the S to utilize the position information contained in item sets possessing ordinal characteristics represents a basic organizational process relevant to the storage and retrieval of a large and varied array of verbal and sensory data.
PROTEIN KINASE AND G-PROTEIN REGULATION OF CA2+ CURRENTS IN HERMISSENDA PHOTORECEPTORS BY 5-HT AND GABA

The effects of serotonin (5-HT) and GABA on two Ca2+ currents, a transient low-voltage-activated current (tLVA) and a sustained high-voltage-activated current (sHVA) were examined in isolated photoreceptors of Hermissenda. The sHVA current was blocked by 5-HT and reduced by activation of protein kinase C (PKC) with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The effects of 5-HT were transiently reversed by staurosporine and partially blocked by the PKC inhibitor peptide [PKC(19-36)]. GABA enhanced both the tLVA and sHVA currents at low concentrations (5 nM to 5 microM) and reduced the sHVA current at high concentrations (>10 microM). The GABA-mediated enhancement of the Ca2+ current at low concentrations was sensitive to block by picrotoxin. The protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor peptide [PKI(6-22)amide] blocked enhancement of both Ca2+ currents produced by cAMP analogs and GABA, suggesting that the effects at low concentrations may be PKA mediated. Caged GTP-gamma-S released by flash photolysis reduced the sHVA current, and pretreatment of the photoreceptors with pertussis toxin blocked the effects of higher concentrations of GABA, indicating that at higher concentrations, the effects may be G-protein mediated.
Finite Dimensional Attractor for a One-Phase Stefan Problem with Kinetics

For a one-phase free-boundary problem with kinetics, which is known to generate a rich dynamics, we study evolution of the infinitesimal volume along the trajectories in the attractor. We demonstrate that for sufficiently large m that is defined solely by the properties of the kinetics function the m-dimensional volume decays exponentially. This property combined with the uniform differentiability of the semigroup leads to the conclusion that the Hausdorff dimension of the attractor is finite.