cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Within- and between-subject variation in semen parameters in infertile men and normal semen donors

Objective To determine within- and between-subject variation of semen parameters in infertile and normal men. Design Retrospective analysis of 74 infertile men and 65 normal men producing five or more ejaculates each. Setting Clinical andrology laboratory. Subject(s) Men presenting to an infertility clinic for semen analysis and normal men providing donor semen for cryopreservation. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Within-subject coefficients of variation (CV w ) and between-subject coefficients of variation (CV b ), calculated for sperm count, motility, and velocity, semen volume, and motility and velocity after cryopreservation. Result(s) The number of ejaculates ranged 5–20 in patients (479 total) and 5–136 in donors (2,043 total). Sperm counts, motility, and velocity were statistically greater in donors, whereas semen volume was significantly greater in patients. The CV w in patients and donors was greatest in sperm counts (54.2% and 45.8%, respectively) and lowest in velocity (20.1% and 19.9%, respectively). The CV b in patients and donors was markedly higher than CV w for all parameters in both patients and donors. The CV w was lower, and the CV b was higher, in donors compared with patients. The CV w was not affected by age of the individual or abstinence period. Cryopreservation resulted in a marked increase in variability. Intraclass correlations indicated that a minimum of three semen samples were required to achieve reliability. Conclusion(s) These data indicate large within- and between-subject variation in sperm parameters, especially sperm count, in both patients and healthy donors, and further substantiate the need for measurement of multiple ejaculates before characterizing a man as normal or infertile.
Antarctic subglacial aquatic environments

From microbes on deep-sea hydrothermal vents, with temperatures pushing 500°C, to bacteria in the highly alkaline Mono Lake in California, the link between water and life on Earth has so far been infallible. Yet one frontier in terrestrial biology remains untested. First discovered in 1968, Antarctic subglacial lakes have the potential to validate or overthrow scientific perceptions of the hardiness of life. In the AGU monograph Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments, editors Martin J. Siegert, Mahlon C. Kennicutt II, and Robert A. Bindschadler recount how the discovery of water beneath 3 kilometers of ice at the (now retired) Russian Sovetskaya research station led, over 4 decades, to our appreciation of 387 such lakes distributed widely about the Antarctic continent. They also explore the details of future missions under the ice. In this interview, Siegert talks to Eos.
Commentary: EMS Education Agenda for the Future: Flexner Revisited

Abstract [King JA. NHTSA Notes Commentary: EMS Education Agenda for the Future: Flexner revisited. Ann Emerg Med. June 2000;35:624-625.]
Molecular-dynamics investigation of deeply quenched liquids.

Molecular-dynamics simulations of homogeneous crystalline nucleation in systems of 1300 Lennard-Jones particles have been performed as a function of quench depth. The time lag between the time of formation of the critical nucleus and the time of release of latent heat is observed to be a nonmonotonic function of quench depth. The increase of the time lag for deep quenches is interpreted as evidence for critical slowing down and the influence of a "pseudospinodal."
The effect of upper ocean eddies on the non-steric contribution to the barotropic mode

The non-steric contribution to sea surface height (SSH) variability hampers the use of satellite altimeter data in mapping steric-related variability. Here, two eddy-resolving 1/16° world ocean simulations are used to investigate the effects of mesoscale flow instabilities on the non-steric (or abyssal ocean) contribution to the global barotropic mode. Model results show the non-steric component accounting for >50% of the total SSH variability over 37% of the world ocean in the model, predominantly at mid and high latitudes. Most of this is either wind-driven and deterministic or eddy-driven and nondeterministic. Upper ocean flow instabilities drive deep flows and generate non-steric SSH variability maxima (5–10 cm rms or more) in many major current systems throughout the world ocean. Resulting ocean anomalies are a nondeterministic response to atmospheric forcing and an eddy-resolving data-assimilative ocean model that demonstrates the essential dynamics is needed to depict their evolution.
200 years to CIM

The evolution of manufacturing technology over the last 200 years is described. The stages identified in this evolution are the English system of manufacture, the American system of manufacture, scientific management, process improvement, numerical control, and computer integrated manufacture (CIM). >
Membrane Interactions with ATRA Peptides

The “catastrophic threat” of antibiotic resistance has prompted research into biological methods of combating bacterial infection. One such pervasive strategy employs cationic antimicrobial peptides, CAMPs. These peptides use their structure to target and disrupt bacterial membranes. The cationic peptides are specifically attracted to bacteria because of the high anionic lipid content in the outer leaflet of bacterial membranes. Most have already been shown to have broad spectrum activity, adequate potency, and minimal resistance. Considering these peptides have been active against pathogens for millions of years and have not developed any broad resistance, they are of particular interest to study. One class of CAMPs, AHCAPs, forms amphipathic α-helices when in the presence of anionic membranes. The peptide NA-CATH, from the Naja atra snake, and its analog, ATRA-1A, show promising activity. We are currently examining the effect of lipid composition and peptide chirality (L and D isomers) on peptide activity and membrane interactions. Kinetic assays show increased activity with increasing peptide concentration and match the EC50 (50% of maximal dose) trends for zwitterionic/anionic lipid composition.
N-acetylcysteine improves coronary and peripheral vascular function.

Abstract OBJECTIVES We investigated whether N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a reduced thiol that modulates redox state and forms adducts of nitric oxide (NO), improves endothelium-dependent vasomotion. BACKGROUND Coronary atherosclerosis is associated with endothelial dysfunction and reduced NO activity. METHODS In 16 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, seven with and nine without atherosclerosis, we assessed endothelium-dependent vasodilation with acetylcholine (ACH) and endothelium-independent vasodilation with nitroglycerin (NTG) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) before and after intracoronary NAC. In 14 patients femoral vascular responses to ACH, NTG and SNP were measured before and after NAC. RESULTS Intraarterial NAC did not change resting coronary or peripheral vascular tone. N-acetylcysteine potentiated ACH-mediated coronary vasodilation; coronary blood flow was 36 ± 11% higher (p CONCLUSIONS Thiol supplementation with NAC improves human coronary and peripheral endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Nitroglycerin responses are not enhanced, but SNP-mediated responses are potentiated only in the coronary circulation. These NO-enhancing effects of thiols reflect the importance of the redox state in the control of vascular function and may be of therapeutic benefit in treating acute and chronic manifestations of atherosclerosis.
Prognostic factors and survival in primary adult high grade brainstem astrocytoma: a population based study from 1973-2008.

Adult brainstem astrocytomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of malignancies. Most reports represent low-grade gliomas. This study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to analyze the association between survival and demographic factors, tumor histology, and treatment characteristics among adult patients with high-grade brainstem astrocytoma (HGBSA). Adult patients with histologically confirmed diagnoses of primary HGBSA were studied. In univariate and multivariate analysis, we investigated the effect of demographics, tumor histology and treatment modality on survival. Overall median survival in the cohort of 240 adult patients was 7 months, with 1, 2, 5 and 10 year survival rates of 33.2%, 19.7%, 10.1%, and 8.3%, respectively. Age >50 years (hazard ratio [HR] 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.45–2.70, p < 0.001) and grade IV versus grade III tumor (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.15–2.26, p = 0.006) were associated with statistically significant increased mortality in multivariate analyses. Surgical intervention trended toward association with lower mortality (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.47–1.01, p = 0.055). Our findings suggest that in patients with HGBSA, younger age and lower-grade histology are associated with better prognosis. Surgical intervention trended towards a significant association with better outcome, while radiation treatment was not associated with a statistically significant benefit in survival.
Element-, velocity- and spatially resolved images of Kr+ scattering and recoiling from a CdS surface

Abstract Developments in ion scattering spectrometry and detector technology allow measurement of element-, velocity- and spatially resolved distribution patterns of scattered and recoiled atoms, forming the basis for a scattering and recoiling imaging spectrometry (SARIS). SARIS images are architectural fingerprints of surface short-range order. They exhibit extreme sensitivity to structural details, providing a unique probe for determination of surface composition and structure. Quantitative analysis is obtained by comparison with simulated images using the scattering and recoiling imaging code (SARIC). The SARIS technique is demonstrated herein for analysis of the composition and termination of a CdS (0001) surface. Using 4 keV Kr + primary ions, it is possible to observe separate images of Kr scattering from Cd and images of recoiled H, O, S and Cd atoms. The O and H atoms are impurities which are observed on this surface, even after annealing to 700°C. It is found that the Cd-terminated surface contains Cd atoms in the first layer and S atoms in the second layer. The surface structure appears to be stabilized by bonding of the first-layer Cd atoms to O or OH moieties.
POLYSOMNOGRAPHIC FINDINGS AT DISICHARCE IN INFANTS BORN AT LESS THAN 32 WEEKS CESTATIONAL AGE (GA)

Premature infants, particularly survivors of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), have an increased incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Also, infants who had an episode of aborted SIDS often have abnormal polysomnographic recordings. To determine whether these abnormalities are present in premature infants at discharge from hospital, we recorded chest and abdominal circumference, respired CO2, skin surface PO2 (PsO2) and PCO2 (PsCO2), ECG, and esophageal pressure (Pes) in 25 infants born at less than 32 weeks of GA. Fourteen infants had RDS defined by clinical and radiological criteria [GA=28 ± 2, birth weight (BW)=1033 ± 265gr,age= 10.8 ± 6 weeks], and 11 had no RDS (GA=30.8 ± 1.3, BW=1250 ± 128, age=6.7 ± 2.4 weeks). Our results show an increased frequency of obstructive apnea (OA), defined as absence of respired CO2 signal in the presence of respiratory effort; and either a >10 torr decrease in PsO2, a heart rate <120, or a Pes <-30 torr; in the RDS group (4.9 vs. 1.9 OA/n, P<0.05). Also, more OA episodes were associated with bradycardia in this group (1.9 vs. 0.4 episodes/h, P<0.10). Both central apnea (CA), defined as absence of both respired CO2 and respiratory effort for more than 10 s, and periodic breathing (PB) occurred with a similar frequency in both groups (0.2 vs. 0.4 CA/h, 9.8 vs. 16.9% PB, in the RDS and NO RDS groups, respectively), in spite of a lower baseline PsO2 in the RDS group (67.7 ± 9.7 vs. 59.2 ± 7.9 torr, P<0.05). These findings suggest that infants born at less than 32 weeks of GA have significant sleep abnormalities which may only be detectable by means of polygraphic recordings. OA is particularly frequent in this group, and its association with serious apnea at home needs to be established. Supported by NHLBI SCOR HL-27356 and ALA 57002
Termination of crystallization or ordering of flexible, linear macromolecules

This review concerns the “termination of crystallization or ordering of flexible, linear macromolecules” before the transition from the amorphous phase reaches thermodynamic equilibrium. It makes use of the precision of hindsight in interpretation of old experiments and the back-integration of more recent experiments into the knowledge gained from the well-known older experiments which had led to the paradox: Once the semi-ordered sample is produced, its disordering frequently follows a zero-entropy-production path, i.e., its latent heat is linked to the free enthalpy of the non-equilibrium phase, while on ordering, there exists a metastable temperature region of the polymer melt which cannot be broken by nuclei of the ordered phase. The classic scheme of crystallization via nucleation and growth is used to set the stage for the discussion. This scheme has been used for many years to describe the motion of single motifs to crystallize small, rigid molecules and its slow-down when approaching the glass transition. For flexible macromolecules, the ordering mechanism needs to be expanded to the description of cooperative ordering schemes of more than one motif of the molecular segments and a more complicated, multiple-step slow down when approaching the much wider glass transition region. The structural features causing the incomplete ordering of flexible macromolecules are the three-dimensional defects created at the phase boundaries between ordered and disordered phases, initially called the amorphous defects. The matter contained in these amorphous defects possesses a much broader glass transition. If this glass transition lies above the glass transition of the unrestrained, amorphous phase, the amorphous defects represent a separate nanophase, called a rigid-amorphous fraction. Modern differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature-modulated DSC, and differential fast scanning calorimetry permit the study of latent heats and heat-capacity changes involved in the liquid–solid transitions of amorphous phases, crystals, and mesophases. In this more complex framework, the “termination of crystallization of flexible, linear macromolecules” is described together with the possibility of molar mass segregation by long-range and local diffusion instead of a thermodynamic mechanism.
Change in perceived psychosocial status following a 12-week Tai Chi exercise programme.

Aim. This paper reports a study to examine change in psychosocial status following a 12-week Tai Chi exercise intervention among ethnic Chinese people with cardiovascular disease risk factors living in the United States of America. Background. Regular participation in physical activity is associated with protection against cardioavascular disease, and improvements in physical and psychological health. Increasing amounts of scientific evidence suggests that mind–body exercise, such as Tai Chi, are related to improvements in mental health, emotional well-being, and stress reduction. No prior study has examined the effect of a Tai Chi exercise intervention on psychosocial status among people with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods. This was a quasi-experimental study. Participants attended a 60-minute Tai Chi exercise class three times per week for 12 weeks. Data were collected at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks following the intervention. Psychosocial status was assessed using Chinese versions of Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, Profile of Mood States, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Tai Chi exercise self-efficacy. Results. A total of 39 participants, on average 66-year-old (±8·3), married (85%), Cantonese-speaking (97%), immigrants participated. The majority were women (69%), with ≤12 years education (87%). Statistically significant improvements in all measures of psychosocial status were found (P ≤ 0·05) following the intervention. Improvement in mood state (η2 = 0·12), and reduction in perceived stress (η2 = 0·13) were found. In addition, Tai Chi exercise statistically significantly increased self-efficacy to overcome barriers to Tai Chi (η2 = 0·19), confidence to perform Tai Chi (η2 = 0·27), and perceived social support (η2 = 0·12). Conclusions. Tai Chi was a culturally appropriate mind–body exercise for these older adults, with statistically significant psychosocial benefits observed over 12-weeks. Further research examining Tai Chi exercise using a randomized clinical trial design with an attention-control group may reduce potential confounding effects, while exploring potential mechanisms underlying the relaxation response associated with mind–body exercise. In addition, future studies with people with other chronic illnesses in all ethnic groups are recommended to determine if similar benefits can be achieved.
The secretion of electrolytes by the human pancreas.

The concentration of HCO3 in the pancreatic juice of man is a direct function of the rate of secretion. The primary defect in patients with chronic pancreatitis is a distortion of the normal bicarbonate-flow relationship, so that these individuals fail to achieve comparable HCO3 concentrations as the normal subjects do at comparable rates of flow. The HCO3 concentration tends to remain elevated when the rate of flow is reduced by Diamox (acetazolamide), suggesting an HCO3−-Cl− exchange mechanism. From these data and from evidence obtained in a study of the electrolyte secretion after ACTH and adrenal steroids, it is concluded that the mechanism of pancreatic secretion is best explained by the secretion of a primary fluid consisting of HCO3 isotonic with the blood, and that this fluid undergoes alteration in the ductular system. This new hypothesis of pancreatic secretion postulates a distinct ductular function: an HCO3−-Cl− exchange.
Estrogen receptor-β: why may it influence clinical outcome in estrogen receptor-α positive breast cancer?

In the previous issue of the journal, Lin and coworkers present data demonstrate that increased expression of estrogen receptor (ER)-β in ER-α-positive breast cancer cells antagonizes a defined group of ER-α/estrogen stimulated genes that are involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA replication. Similar expression patterns for these genes were found human ER-α positive breast tumors expressing higher levels or ER-β, and this correlated with better clinical outcome. The implications for these data, which suggest that ER-β is a positive actor and diagnostic marker for therapeutic outcome, are discussed.
Age Differences in Deactivation: A Link to Cognitive Control?

The network of regions shown by functional imaging studies to be deactivated by experimental tasks relative to nominally more passive baselines (task < baseline) may reflect processes engaged during the resting state or “default mode.” Deactivation may result when attention and resources are diverted from default-mode processes toward task processes. Aging is associated with altered patterns of deactivation which may be related to declining resources, difficulties with resource allocation, or both. These possibilities predict that greater task demand, which increases deactivation levels in younger adults, should exacerbate age-related declines in allocating resources away from the default mode. The present study investigated the magnitude and temporal properties of deactivations in young and older adults during tasks that varied in their demand for cognitive control. Two versions of a verb generation task that varied in their demand for selection among competing alternatives were compared to word reading and a fixation baseline condition. Consistent with our hypothesis, greater deactivations were found with increasing demand. Young and older adults showed equivalent deactivations in the minimal selection condition. By contrast, age differences in both the magnitude and time course of deactivation increased with selection demand: Compared to young adults', older adults' deactivation response showed less sensitivity to demand. Demand-related changes in deactivation magnitude correlated with performance changes, suggesting that individual and group differences in deactivation have functional significance.
Longitudinal Antecedents of Executive Function in Preschoolers

Despite an extensive history underscoring the role of social processes and child contributions to the development of executive functions (C. Lewis & J. Carpendale, 2009; L. S. Vygotsky, 1987), research on these relations is sparse. To address this gap, 68 mother-child dyads were examined to determine whether maternal attention-directing behaviors (attention maintaining, attention redirection) and toddlers' temperament predicted executive processes during preschool (mean age = 4.5 years, SD = 0.46)-delay and conflict inhibition. Maternal attention maintaining was associated with high levels of conflict inhibition for inhibited and exuberant children, whereas attention redirection was associated with low levels of delay and conflict inhibition for inhibited children. Therefore, maternal attention-directing behaviors may enhance the development of executive functions but only for children with inhibited and exuberant temperaments.
Two-stage PV power system with improved throughput and utility control capability

For large, utility scale, PV systems a two-stage PV power conversion with distributed dc-dc conversion at the string level and a central inverter can provide significant improvement in PV generation in the face of mismatched panels and uneven irradiation (e.g. shading, clouds and soiling ). Such a system has been developed with funding under the U.S. Department of Energy SEGIS program. This paper investigates the performance of this system through modeling of various shading conditions and compares the results with measured performance from field testing of a prototype system. Improvements over a single-stage, central inverter of up to 46% for certain conditions are verified.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy presenting with 3rd-degree atrioventricular block

A 15-year-old boy presented with exercise intolerance and near syncope. Electrocardiography showed 3rd-degree atrioventricular block. He was treated emergently with temporary transvenous ventricular pacing. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Subsequently, a permanent, transvenous, dual-chamber pacemaker was implanted. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy rarely causes complete atrioventricular block. It is particularly unusual for the presenting symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to be caused by atrioventricular block. The case report is followed by a review of the pediatric literature on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with atrioventricular block.
Lindane embryotoxicity and differential alteration of cysteine and glutathione levels in rat embryos and visceral yolk sacs

m The lindane embryotoxicity and associated changes in cysteine (CYS) and glutathione (GSH) status have been investigated in the early organogenesis-stage rat conceptus utilizing whole embryo culture techniques. Direct exposure of gestational day 10 (GD 10) conceptuses to lindane (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 pM) in the culture medium resulted in a dose- and time-dependent increase in mortality (88% at 400 pM), frequency, and severity of malformations and in decreased growth parameters. Protein and DNA contents of embryo and visceral yolk sac (VYS), likewise decreased significantly as lindane concentrations increased. Lindane exposures greater than 100 pM produced abnormal axial rotation, pooled blood on lateral cephalic surfaces, cephalic edema, and decreased VYS vasculature. Histologic sections showed a variety of abnormalities, including distended anterior cardinal veins, thinning of the neuroepitbelium in forebrain and hindbrain regions, and abnormal branchial arch development. CYS and GSH levels in the VYS were not significantly affected by 100 pM lindane exposure during a 5-h incubation period on GD 10 and GD 11. In contrast, CYS and GSH levels in lindane-exposed embryos remained unchanged while control levels continued to increase with gestational age. At 5 h, treated embryos showed a significant depletion of CYS (GD 10, 22%; GD 11, 35%) and GSH (GD 10, 41%; GD 11, 24%) relative to controls. Selective lindane-induced depletion of embryonic GSH suggests involvement of the glutathione redox cycle in lindane embryotoxicity.
Introduction to Part Four: Practice Applications

In this article the author introduces several of Catherine (Katy) Papell’s so far unpublished writings that look at direct practice issues in social work with groups and discusses the relevance of these writings to current practice and social work education. The reader is directed to several published articles that also address her views on group work practice. These articles are briefly reviewed.
Hemodynamic Effects of Methoxamine in Mitral Valve Disease

The hemodynamic changes following elevation of systemic arterial pressure and total systemic resistance by methoxamine were studied by right heart catheterization in 18 patients with mitral valve disease and 4 patients with no significant cardiovascular abnormality. This is the first detailed report of the circulatory effects of this drug in man. Changes in oxygen consumption, arterial oxygen saturation, stroke index and pulmonary artery to pulmonary "capillary" mean pressure gradient were insignificant. Forward cardiac index and heart rate decreased significantly while arteriovenous oxygen difference increased markedly in all groups of patients. The hemodynamic mechanisms involved in the changes observed during methoxamine infusion are discussed. Characteristic of patients with mitral insufficiency were significant increments of pulmonary arterial mean, pulmonary "capillary" mean, and pulmonary "capillary" V peak pressures. These subjects also had significantly greater increments in "left heart" resistance than patients without mitral insufficiency. An elevation of pulmonary "capillary" V peak pressure of 35 per cent or more of the elevation of systemic arterial systolic pressure was found to be a useful index of the presence of mitral insufficiency. Study of the pulmonary "capillary" pressure records during methoxamine infusion may obviate the necessity of left heart catheterization in the detection of significant mitral insufficiency.
Multinational Corporations, Nation-States and Ocean Resource Management: The Impact of the World's 200-mile Economic Zone on Multinational and National Development*

The extension of coastal State jurisdiction to 200-nautical miles—a ‘fact of international law’ about to receive juridical status—would lead to a unique situation in the ownership of ocean resources, viz. 15 coastal states would receive among them approximately 42 percent of the world's 200-mile economic zone area. At least 8 of these countries are less-developed coastal states (LDCS) which lack the key factors, capital, technology and managerial skill, necessary to tap these resources. As a result, the reliance of the LDCS on marine multinational corporations will markedly increase since a significant part of marine technology exists in the private sector. Concurrently, a dramatic rise in the control of coastal states over MNCs engaged in ocean resource development will occur. Thus, under the new regime of ocean resource management, the relationship between MNCs and Nation-States is likely to be one of constructive partnership in development, rather than one of conflict and discord.
Characterization of Water‐Soluble Wheat Flour Pentosans

SUMMARY The yield and protein contents of water-soluble pentosan preparations ranged from 0.67 to 0.84% and 15.4 to 24.2%, respectively. After soluble-starch was removed, total yield of water-soluble gums was 0.38 to 0.58%, and their protein contents ranged from 16.9 to 22.6%. Pentosans were fractionated on diethyl aminoethyl cellulose columns. Based on carbohydrate contents, fraction II, eluted with 0.0025 M borate was the largest. Fraction I (eluted with water) was generally the smallest and contained no protein. Fraction III (eluted with 0.025 M borate) was the second smallest and was richest in protein. Effects of amylase, protease, and of pentosanases, and of column fractionation on composition of pentosans were followed by infrared spectroscopy.
South Asia Human Rights Travelogue

Account of a month-long trip by five representatives of Freedom House to a multitude of NGOs in Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh during May 1998. Provides an excellent overview of the types of local agencies that are operating programs in the area of womens' rights, domestic violence, and child labor.
Influence of Temperature on Wind Environments around Parallel Buildings

By using the CFD analysis software Fluent and based on the standard k-e turbulence model,this paper deals with the temperature difference affects the flow around the buildings with different spacing. The result shows in the wake area of the building,the influence of the temperature difference on the wind farm is obvious. The closer it is to the ground,the stronger the strengthening function will be,while the height increases,the influence gets weak. Meanwhile,it is found that the temperature difference doesn't change the location of the maximum wind speed,but changes its value. The actual analysis shows that the temperature difference has effects on the wind farm around the buildings;therefore the temperature difference should be taken into consideration in analyzing the wind farm around buildings.
The use of spin traps to investigate site-specific formation of free radicals in low-density lipoprotein oxidation.

Introduction It is currently believed that the oxidatively modified LDL plays a key role in the development of atherogenesis [ 1-31. Abundant data suggest that the oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is mediated by lipid-derived free radicals, lipid hydroperoxides, or aldehydes derived from them [4-lo]. Although several oxidizing species have been shown to initiate the oxidative modification of LDL (Table l), the exact nature of oxidant species or enzymes responsible for oxidation of LDL in vivo still remains unknown. LDL oxidation has been shown to be sitespecific [25]. In order to fully understand the mechanism of oxidative modification of LDL, it is essential to investigate and characterize the sitespecific formation of oxidants and their reactions. For example, the water-soluble radical traps may simply scavenge free radicals generated in the aqueous phase, without affecting LDL modification. In contrast, the lipid-soluble scavengers should react with lipid-derived radicals that are more target-specific. The water-soluble reductants, such as ascorbic acid, can regenerate vitamin E in LDL via a recycling mechanism [26,27]. Electron spin resonance (e.s.r.) is the only physical technique that can provide unambiguous structural information on free radicals. Direct e.s.r. has been used to detect phenoxyl radicals formed during oxidation of LDL [26, 271. Direct e s r . has also provided unequivocal evidence for the reaction between LDL-associated a-tocopheroxyl, probucol phenoxyl radicals and ascorbic acid [26, 271. The technique cannot, however, be used to detect transient LDL lipid-derived radicals. The e.s.r.-spin trapping technique must be resorted to in this case [28-301. Spin traps are diamagnetic organic molecules containing either nitroso (-N=O) or nitrone (=\fi-o) functional groups. The spin-trapping
Diabetes Care: Change Is Constant, Part 2.

On 1 July 2011, I began my initial duties as Editor in Chief of Diabetes Care . In my initial Editor’s Commentary titled “ Diabetes Care : Change Is Constant” (1), I outlined the current status of the journal and what I had learned from the outstanding editors and associate editors who came before me. I described how, as an editorial team, we had prepared to take on the enormous duties that lay before us by studying the strategies that former editorial teams used to advance the journal. We evaluated what had worked, what didn’t work, and provided a narrative on our anticipated challenges. We initiated actions to address and keep abreast of changing times, increased competition from other journals now focused on diabetes, and the issues related to alterations in research funding and health care delivery that would likely drive the content for the journal. During my tenure as Editor in Chief, our editorial team kept you, our readers, well informed with regular updates on our progress, format changes, and views on controversial topics. With dedication and vision, as well as the expertise from the editorial office, the editorial team, and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Publishing office, we were successful in sustaining the upward trajectory of the journal. The journal's latest impact factor for 2016 is 11.857—its highest impact factor ever—which is an increase from 8.934 in 2015. Diabetes Care , without question, is at its highest level in relevance and remains the world’s premier journal focused solely on diabetes care and clinical research. Given the success of the journal as outlined above and the fact that our “team” (i.e., editorial committee, editorial office, and publications staff) felt we still had “creative ideas to make the journal better and considerable energy to bring these ideas to fruition,” we …
Multicollinearity: How common factors cause Type 1 errors in multivariate regression

Research Summary: In multivariate regression analyses of correlated variables, we sometimes observe pairs of estimated beta coefficients large in absolute magnitude and opposite in sign. T‐statistics are also large, suggesting meaningful findings. I found 64 recently published Strategic Management Journal articles with results exhibiting these characteristics. In this article, I demonstrate that such results may be Type 1 errors (false positives): If regressors are correlated via an unobservable common factor, estimated beta coefficients will misleadingly tend toward infinite magnitudes in opposite directions, even if the variables’ real effects are small and of the same sign. Diagnostics such as Variance Inflation Factors (VIF) will misleadingly validate Type 1 errors as legitimate results. After establishing general results via mathematical analysis and simulation, I provide guidelines for detection and mitigation. Managerial Summary: This article demonstrates mathematically how regression analyses with correlated independent variables may generate beta coefficients of opposite sign to the variables’ true effects. To assess the likelihood of this possibility, I propose that: if (a) absolute correlation of two independent variables is about ±0.3 or more (smaller correlations may be problematic for large data sets), (b) the two variables have beta coefficients of opposite sign, if correlated positively, and of the same sign, if correlated negatively, and (c) the bivariate correlation of one independent variable with the dependent variable is of the opposite sign from the beta coefficient, then the beta might be a false positive. To facilitate such analysis, authors should provide complete correlation tables, including dependent variables, interaction terms, and quadratic terms.
The relation between changes in maternal sensitivity and attachment from infancy to 3 years

The purpose of this study was to examine whether children’s attachment status changed as a function of changes in maternal sensitivity during the first 3 years. This study used data from the Nation...
Klinische Psychologie: Therapie

Kay Redfield Jamison, eine preisgekronte klinische Psychologin und weltbekannte Expertin fur die emotionalen Extreme bipolarer Storungen, kennt ihr Fachgebiet aus erster Hand.
A comparison of EMG and SCL in normal and depressed subjects

Skin conductance level (SCL) and electromyograms (EMGs) recorded from three muscle sites were compared for 15 female hospitalized psychiatric patients meeting diagnostic criteria for primary affective disorder and 15 age- and race-matched controls. The depressed subjects had significantly lower SCL and significantly higher resting EMG levels recorded from one muscle site. Electromyogram and SCL were not found to be significantly correlated with each other or with measures of anxiety or depression for the patients with primary affective disorder. Normal controls, however, showed significant correlations between a measure of depression and both EMG and SCL. These results are discussed with suggestions for future research.
Integer-Magic Spectra of Trees of Diameter Five

For any h 2Z; a graph G = (V;E) is said to be h-magic if there exists a labeling l : E(G) !Zhif0g such that the induced vertex set labeling l + : V (G) !Zh deflned by l + (v) = X uv2E(G) l(uv)
Diversified Keyword Expansion on Multi-labeled Graphs

Keyword search has been widely adopted to explore graph data. Due to the intrinsic ambiguity of terms, it is desirable to develop query expansion techniques to find useful and diversified information progressively in large graphs. To support exploration with keywords, we study the problem of diversified keyword expansion in graphs. Given a set of validated content nodes in a graph, it is to find a set of terms that maximizes the aggregated relevance of the validated nodes. Moreover, the terms should be diversified to cover different search interests. We develop a fast stream-based (\(\frac{1}{2}\)-\(\epsilon \))-approximation to suggest diversified terms, which guarantees a linear scan of the terms in the content nodes up to a bounded area with small update cost. Using real-world graphs, we experimentally verify the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms, and their applications in knowledge base exploration.
3D Printing Basics for Entertainment Design

Affordable 3D printers are rapidly becoming everyday additions to the desktops and worktables of entertainment design practitioners – whether working in theatre, theme parks, television and film, museum design, window displays, animatronics, or… you name it! We are beginning to ask important questions about these emerging practices: · How can we use 3D fabrication to make the design and production process more efficient? · How can it be used to create useful and creative items? · Can it save us from digging endlessly through thrift store shelves or from yet another late-night build? · And when budgets are tight, will it save us money? This quick start guide will help you navigate the alphabet soup that is 3D printing and begin to answer these questions for yourself. It outlines the basics of the technology, and its many uses in entertainment design. With straightforward and easy-to-follow information, you will learn ways to acquire printable 3D models, basic methods of creating your own, and tips along the way to produce successful prints. Over 70 professionals contributed images, guidance, and never-before-seen case studies filled with insider secrets to this book, including tutorials by designer and pioneer, Owen M. Collins.
Indium insertions in non-stoichiometric copper sulfides, CuxS, and their effect on the localized surface plasmon resonance of the nanocrystals

We monitor the stages of the copper indium sulfide growth to ‘counter-dope’ degenerate copper sulfides. We show through an easy and rapid synthesis that indium incorporation into non-stoichiometric copper sulfide (Roxbyite (Cu7S4)) results in its ‘counter-doping’. ‘Counter-doping’ is evidenced by the shift and damping of the LSPR of the resulting compound (Cu5InS4). Indeed, the XRD phases evidenced during the growth of copper indium sulfide starting a reaction with different precursors suggest that the copper indium sulfide growth can occur inside degenerate copper sulfide seeds. We explain the growth mechanism and show ’counter-doping’ with indium, starting the chemical reaction with Roxbyite (Cu7S4) precursors and indium species. The current body of the work is focused on the study of copper indium sulfide and the properties of the indium ratio; here, we use indium as a doping agent resulting for the first time in counter-doped copper sulfides. Despite being suggested in the eighties, doping of non-stoichiometric copper sulfide has never been achieved and could result in more stable chalcogenides with close to ideal band gap for solar cell applications.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage–Induced Brain Injury in Rats: the Role of Extracellular Peroxiredoxin 2

Red blood cell (RBC) lysis within the hematoma causes brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage. Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRX-2) is the third most abundant protein in RBCs and this study examined the potential role of PRX-2 in inducing brain injury in rats. First, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats had an intracaudate injection of lysed RBCs or saline. Brains were harvested at 1 h to measure PRX-2 levels. Second, rats had an intracaudate injection of either recombinant PRX-2, heat-inactivated PRX-2, or saline. Third, rats had intracaudate co-injection of lysed RBCs with conoidin A, a PRX-2 inhibitor, or vehicle. For the second and third parts of studies, behavioral tests were performed and all rats had magnetic resonance imaging prior to euthanasia for brain immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. We found that brain PRX-2 levels were increased after lysed RBC injection. Intracaudate injection of PRX-2 resulted in blood-brain barrier disruption, brain swelling, neutrophil infiltration, microglia activation, neuronal death, and neurological deficits. Intracerebral injection of lysed RBCs induced brain injury, which was reduced by conoidin A. These results suggest that extracellular PRX-2 released from hematoma can cause brain injury following brain hemorrhage and could be a potential therapeutic target.
What Is the Ideal Resection Margin in Head and Neck Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neurocutaneous malignancy, most commonly occurring in the head and neck. Although definitive treatment most often consists of surgical excision, the management of head and neck MCC provides a unique surgical challenge due to the complex anatomy and the functional and cosmetic implications of treatment. Although strong evidence for head and neck MCC surgical margin recommendations are lacking, a surgical resection margin of up to 1–2 cm may be considered adequate without compromising disease control. While obtaining negative margins is an objective in oncologic surgery, it should not be pursued if there will be significant delays to adjuvant therapy, as current data suggest that margin status may not have an impact on disease control in patients receiving adjuvant therapy.
Chapter 2 – Surface Waters

Surface waters are critical to the well-being of humans and their environment. This chapter examines the processes governing the movement of surface waters and the associated transport of both pollutants and natural geochemicals. Models for the exchange of chemicals with both bottom sediments and the atmosphere are presented, and the interactions of alkalinity, total inorganic carbon, and pH are discussed as a basis for understanding the inorganic chemistry of natural waters. Freshwaters are considered from an ecosystem perspective, and redox chemistry is discussed from the standpoint of energy flow. Several of the major processes responsible for pollutant degradation are considered, including biodegradation, hydrolysis, and photochemistry.
Interaction of Blood with Biomedical Polymers — Some Basic Aspects

During the last decade tremendous efforts have been made in the development and improvement of medical devices, artificial organs and other life support systems. One of the main problems to be overcome if further progress is to be achieved consists of the need to improve the biocompatibility of materials used for the above-mentioned devices and systems. Much basic research has been carried out to understand the complex interface reactions between living systems and biomedical materials to overcome the “trial and error principle” in the development of new biocompatible materials. This chapter summarises some basic aspects of blood-polymer interaction regarding the theoretical understanding of haemocompatibility.
Rings whose subrings have an identity

Let R be a ring. A nonempty subset S of R is a subring of R if S is closed under negatives, addition, and multiplication. We determine the rings R for which every subring S of R has a multiplicative identity (which need not be the identity of R).
Promoting Pleasant Memories with a Specialized Serotonergic Projection to the Hippocampus.

Navigating the environment in pursuit of provisions exposes animals to several risks, including predation, yet it is essential for survival. Minimizing the time spent in danger by learning and recalling the location of reliable sources of food is therefore valuable. This ability is not as simple as
Switchable Imine and Amine Synthesis Catalyzed by a Well-Defined Cobalt Complex

Switchable imine and amine synthesis catalyzed by a tripodal ligand-supported well-defined cobalt complex is presented herein. A large variety of primary alcohols and amines were selectively conver...
Mammogram Adherence Among Filipino American Women

Filipino American women experience breast cancer disparities including being diagnosed with breast cancer at a younger age and at a later stage. More Filipino women have breast cancer tumors that are ER-negative or overexpress Her2-neu. These disparities could be effectively minimized with screening mammograms. This study aims to determine factors that influence mammogram adherence in Filipino American women using Andersen’s Behavioral Health Model of Services for Vulnerable Populations as the conceptual framework. Logistic regression models determined the influence of predisposing, enabling and need variables with mammogram adherence. Among all variables—breast cancer literacy, mammogram reminder, sociocultural deterrents, cultural beliefs, and years of residence in the United States—only a mammogram reminder from a healthcare provider was significantly associated with mammogram adherence. Convenience and snowballing sampling generated a group of women who were highly-educated Filipinas limiting the generalizability of the study’s findings.