cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Earth Materials: Some economic minerals, mainly from veins and pegmatites

The minerals discussed in this chapter are commonly found in either hydrothermal veins or pegmatites . Hydrothermal deposits result from precipitation of ore and gangue minerals in fractures, faults, breccia openings, and other spaces, by replacement or open-space filling, from water-rich fluids ranging in temperature from 50° to 700°C but generally below 400°C and ranging in pressure from 0.1 to 0.3 GPa; the fluids are of diverse origin. Pegmatites are exceptionally coarse-grained igneous rocks (Fig. 8.24), usually found as irregular dikes (Fig. 9.6), lenses or veins, commonly at the edges of batholiths. Their most common overall composition is that of granite, with grains 1 cm or more in size. Pegmatites represent the last and most hydrous portion of a magma to crystallize and, therefore, may contain high concentrations of minerals that occur only in trace amounts in granites and are concentrated in the hydrous-rich residue. The first five minerals of this chapter are native elements, Au, Ag, Cu, C (diamond), and S. Gold in its native state is the most important ore mineral in gold occurrences. However, Ag as a native element, is less important as an ore mineral than acanthite, Ag 2 S; proustite, Ag 3 AsS 3 ; and pyrargyrite, Ag 3 SbS 3 . Similarly, native copper is a minor ore mineral when compared with several copper sulfides described in this chapter. Carbon, as diamond, is the only source of diamond and bort. Native sulfur is the major source for the production of sulfuric acid, H 2 SO 4 , and hydrogen sulfide, H 2 S, but large amounts are produced as the byproduct from the processing of numerous sulfide ore minerals.
Clinical Reasoning: A 62-year-old woman with bizarre behavior and recurrent episodes of behavioral arrest

A 62-year-old woman was brought to the emergency department by family members after experiencing 3 episodes of behavioral and speech arrest over the past day, with the third episode reportedly ending in convulsive shaking. Her medical history was significant for chronic abdominal and low back pain, for which she had been taking diazepam for the past 9 years, at a stable dose of 10 mg 4 times daily, in addition to tramadol 50–100 mg every 6 hours as needed. She also had a history of migraine headaches and was taking Topamax 100 mg twice daily. There was no history of seizure.
Southwestern Corn Borer: Effect of Levels of First Brood on Maize

From 1974 through 1976, eggs of Diatraea grandiosella Dyar were placed on a single-cross maize, Zea mays L., hybrid during the mid-whorl stage of plant growth. Grain yield decreased linearly as numbers of eggs increased. Fifteen or more eggs/plant were required before yields differed significantly from yields in the uninfested control. Plant height decreased as eggs per plant increased. However, 30 eggs/plant were required to significantly reduce plant height. Thirty eggs/plant appeared to be preferable for screening maize genotypes for 1st-brood resistance.
Mechanisms of SLUG-Induced Drug Resistance Development in Breast Cancer Cells.

Down regulation of vitamin D receptor and over-expression of cyclin D1 are often associated with breast cancers. Depending upon the genetic context of the breast cancer cells, these alterations also often lead to development of resistance of the breast cancer cells against drugs like vitamin D3, all-trans retinoic acid and tamoxifen. We report here that the metastasis promoter protein SLUG indirectly induces the elevation of cyclin D1 levels in human breast cancer cells by repressing vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UbE2D3 genes. SLUG over-expression repressed the mRNA and protein levels of VDR and UbE2D3 in SLUG-negative human breast cells whereas knockdown of SLUG in the SLUG-expressing human breast cells had the reverse effect. SLUG also E2-box-dependently inhibited the activity of VDR and UbE2D3 gene promoters. CtBP1 and HDAC1 are co-recruited at the VDR and UbE2D3 gene promoters with SLUG, further indicating that SLUG represses this gene through chromatin remodeling. Knockdown of UbE2D3 or VDR in the SLUG-negative human breast cells elevated the levels of cyclin D1 as well as the rates of proliferation/invasiveness of these cells. While SLUG over expression has no effect on tamoxifen-resistance of ER-negative breast cancer cells, it significantly decreases tamoxifen-sensitivity of ER-positive breast cancer cells. On the other hand, knockdown of VDR gene expression by SLUG increased the resistance of both ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer cells to 1, 25(OH)2D3 and all-trans retinoic acid. Our data thus suggest that SLUG not only promotes metastatic development of breast cancer cells, but also conspire to the development of resistance of these cells against several anti-cancer compounds. Supported by the DOD-CDMRP IDEA Grant# W81XWH-06-1-0466 and the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation grant# BCTR0707627 to GC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1128.
The NASA Juncture Flow Experiment: Goals, Progress, and Preliminary Testing (Invited)

NASA has been working toward designing and conducting a juncture flow experiment on a wing-body aircraft configuration. The experiment is planned to provide validation-quality data for CFD that focuses on the onset and progression of a separation bubble near the wing-body juncture trailing edge region. This paper describes the goals and purpose of the experiment. Although currently considered unreliable, preliminary CFD analyses of several different configurations are shown. These configurations have been subsequently tested in a series of "risk-reduction" wind tunnel tests, in order to help down-select to a final configuration that will attain the desired flow behavior. The risk-reduction testing at the higher Reynolds number has not yet been completed (at the time of this writing), but some results from one of the low-Reynolds-number experiments are shown.
Effects of L-thyroxine in rats with chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction

The effects of thyroid hormone on left ventricular (LV) function and myosin isoenzyme distribution were evaluated in rats 3 wk after myocardial infarction. When compared with normal rats, animals selected for study had moderately severe LV dysfunction as judged by decreased aortic and LV systolic pressures and a 34% decrease in LV maximum rate of pressure development (dP/dt). Average LV end-diastolic pressure was increased to 26 +/- 1 mmHg from 5 +/- 1 mmHg. The infarcted rats were divided into saline-treated control (n = 10) and treatment (n = 13) groups. The latter group received thyroxine (T4, 1.5 micrograms/100 g body wt) immediately after the first determination of pressures and at 24 and 48 h. At 72 h, aortic and LV pressures and myosin isoenzyme composition were measured. In the thyroxine-treated group LV end-diastolic pressure decreased from 27 +/- 2 to 18 +/- 2 mmHg, and LV dP/dt increased from 5,627 +/- 249 to 6,064 +/- 355 mmHg/s. Heart rate and aortic pressure did not change. After saline injections, LV end-diastolic pressure remained elevated, and the other hemodynamic parameters were unchanged. Determination of ventricular myosin isoenzyme composition in the saline-treated group revealed an increase in the V3 myosin isoform and a decrease in the V1 isoform as compared with the normal values. This pattern was not altered by T4 treatment. A separate group (n = 7) of rats was treated with a 10 times larger dose of thyroxine (15 micrograms/100 g body wt) for the same period of time. In this group, there was neither hemodynamic improvement nor changes in myosin isoenzyme distribution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Practical Import of Political Inquiry: Perestroika’s Last Stand

Chapter 2 continues the discussion of the relevance of political science to politics. These include Perestroikan and post-Perestroikan discussions such as the American Political Science Association (APSA) task force and the Perestroika-lite. They defend the view of experts that separates it from lay knowledge in a strong way and want to defend rigor while trying to find a way to be relevant. Perestroikans developed some promising ideas, but they were more concerned with disciplinary reform than with political practice. After reviewing several other promising efforts to link theory to practical interest, I discuss the character of a critical theory based on the participants’ perspective. In the latter, I argue that there is a reciprocal relation between the participant and the inquirer. The inquirer is on the same epistemological and ontological level as the participant. Inquiry is a matter of mutual critique. Any claims to expertise must be redeemed by mutual understanding.
Tissue Engineering of Cartilage

Publisher Summary Cartilage has tremendous potential in tissue engineering because it has a broad spectrum of use in multiple areas of the body and has a small capacity for self-repair. This mesodermal derivative possesses specific characteristics that make it a unique material in terms of reconstructive capabilities. Cartilage loss can be due to multiple conditions, such as arthritic, congenital, or traumatic diseases. The use of isolated chondrocytes as therapy for loss of tissue has started to evolve to a clinical phase. Engineered cartilage has been shown to be useful as an experimental model in fields such as reconstructive plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery, otolaryngology, and other medical fields. These issues led tissue-engineering researchers to focus on cartilage regeneration. Many clinical conditions lead to loss of cartilage. Osteoarthritic, traumatic, and congenital diseases account for most of them. Current therapies include autogeneic or allogeneic transplantation, and the use of synthetic prosthetic devices that are limited because of both scarce supply and difficulties in shaping it once the tissue is harvested or because of host–device interaction.
Kaplan Human Resource Certification (Book Review)

Kaplan Human Resource Certification by Karen Yasgoor and Susan Bressler (Kaplan Publishing, 2008); PHR/SPHR: Professional in Human Resources Certification Study Guide by Anne Bogardus (Sybex, 2009); PHR Exam Prep: Professional in Human Resources by Cathy Lee Gibson (Pearson Education, 2007).
Long-term side effects of high-risk neuroblastoma survivors in a referral center in central Illinois.

129Background: Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common extra-cranial solid organ malignancy in children. Although low and intermediate-risk patients have a survival of close to 90%, the same cannot be said for patients with high risk (HR) disease. In the last decade multi-modality treatment of HR NBL patients has been intensified to include chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, bone marrow transplantation and immunotherapy and has resulted in improved survival (Yu, 2009). Data regarding the medium to long-term side effects of this intensive multi-modality therapy is now being collected as the population of HR neuroblastoma survivors continues to grow. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of survivors of HR NBL treated at the Children’s Hospital of Illinois diagnosed since 2009 and evaluated the long-term side effects of survivors through 2015. Results: We found 14 NBL patients of whom 10 had HR disease. Four patients died of progressive disease. Therapy-related, long-term side effects occurre...
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis: Report of a family

Abstract The genealogy of a family with hereditary gingival fibromatosis has been presented. Six marriages between normal and affected persons over four generations resulted in eleven affected children (six girls and five boys) and ten normal children. The defect was transmitted only through an affected parent, the mechanism undoubtedly being a dominant autosomal gene. The clinical and histologic pictures have been illustrated, and the treatment has been described. The literature on hereditary gingival fibromatosis has been briefly reviewed.
Worldwide Regulations of Standard Values of Pesticides for Human Health Risk Control: A Review

Abstract: The impact of pesticide residues on human health is a worldwide problem, as human exposure to pesticides can occur through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Regulatory jurisdictions have promulgated the standard values for pesticides in residential soil, air, drinking water, and agricultural commodity for years. Until now, more than 19,400 pesticide soil regulatory guidance values (RGVs) and 5400 pesticide drinking water maximum concentration levels (MCLs) have been regulated by 54 and 102 nations, respectively. Over 90 nations have provided pesticide agricultural commodity maximum residue limits (MRLs) for at least one of the 12 most commonly consumed agricultural foods. A total of 22 pesticides have been regulated with more than 100 soil RGVs, and 25 pesticides have more than 100 drinking water MCLs. This research indicates that those RGVs and MCLs for an individual pesticide could vary over seven (DDT drinking water MCLs), eight (Lindane soil RGVs), or even nine (Dieldrin soil RGVs) orders of magnitude. Human health risk uncertainty bounds and the implied total exposure mass burden model were applied to analyze the most commonly regulated and used pesticides for human health risk control. For the top 27 commonly regulated pesticides in soil, there are at least 300 RGVs (8% of the total) that are above all of the computed upper bounds for human health risk uncertainty. For the top 29 most-commonly regulated pesticides in drinking water, at least 172 drinking water MCLs (5% of the total) exceed the computed upper bounds for human health risk uncertainty; while for the 14 most widely used pesticides, there are at least 310 computed implied dose limits (28.0% of the total) that are above the acceptable daily intake values. The results show that some worldwide standard values were not derived conservatively enough to avoid human health risk by the pesticides, and that some values were not computed comprehensively by considering all major human exposure pathways.
Deep learning cognitive radar for micro UAS detection and classification

In this paper, we propose an intelligent cognitive radar system for detecting and classifying the micro unmanned aerial systems (micro UASs). In this system, we design a low-complexity binarized deep belief network (DBN) classifier that recognizes the signature patterns generated by using a Doppler radar based solution. To generate the distinguishable patterns, our work employs the spectral correlation function (SCF) that is noise resilient. In the experiment conducted, micro UASs are clamped to be immobile while propellers are on motion. Doppler effects caused by propeller motions of UASs are considered. By employing our binarized DBN, the computationally costly 91600 floating point multiplication operations required in the original DBN are represented by using zero computational cost no connections, simple connections, negation operations, bit-shifting operations, and bit-shifting with negation operations. In the simulation section, we show that the proposed system gives more than 90% accuracy in detecting the micro UASs in the environments with SNR ≥ −3 dB AWGN noise. Furthermore, the classification accuracy of different micro UASs remains more than 90% for environments with SNR ≥ 0 dB AWGN noise.
Broadband coherent perfect absorption in graphene via an omniresonant optical microcavity

Coherent perfect absorption refers to total light absorption through interferometric effects, which only occurs at resonance wavelengths. Here we show a perfect absorption continuously across a broad bandwidth through an ‘omniresonant cavity’: a configuration where every wavelength is assigned to a proper incidence angle.
The Guinea Pig as a Model of Gradual Urethral Obstruction

AbstractWe developed a new model of partial urethral obstruction using the guinea pig. We placed jeweler’s jump rings loosely around the proximal urethra of immature guinea pigs and allowed the obstruction to develop gradually as the animal grew. After four or eight weeks of obstruction, we studied the filling and emptying characteristics of the bladder during continuous repetitive cycling under urethane anesthesia. Following this examination, bladders were removed and weighed. Wet weight was compared to urodynamic findings. We identified four abnormal urodynamic patterns: high pressure voiding, instability, poor compliance and decompensation. All obstructed bladders showed weight gain associated with muscle hypertrophy, but the degree of weight gain was different for each of the various urodynamic categories. High pressure voiding was associated with the least weight gain, whereas instability and decompensation showed the most weight gain. The results are consistent with a thesis that partial urethral ou...
Why overlearned sequences are special: distinct neural networks in the right hemisphere for ordinal sequences

Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 Written and spoken words activate left hemisphere areas involved in language processing. However, we here show that overlearned sequences (e.g. letters, numbers, weekdays, months) involve an unexpected right hemispheric activation in both the middle temporal gyrus and temporoparietal junction. Our findings offer a framework for understanding neuropsychological patterns seen in conditions such as synesthesia, in which anomalous perceptual experiences are triggered by overlearned sequences, and also in semantic dementia, in which left hemisphere damage disrupts word knowledge even while sequences can be spared.
Maritime Security: Case Studies in Terrorism

At approximately 11:22 a.m. on October 12, 2000, a small explosive-rigged boat drew alongside the US Navy destroyer USS Cole in the seaport of Aden, Yemen.1 After offering friendly gestures, two suicide bombers Hassan Awadh al-Khamri also known as Hasan al-Ta-Efi (“Hasan”) and Ibrahim al-Thawar also known as “Nibrass” detonated their explosives ripping a hole 40 ft in diameter in the ship’s port side, killing 17 American servicemen and injuring 39 others.2 Within hours, three different groups, the Aden-Abyan Islamic Army and two of its off-shoots, the Army of Mohammed and the Islamic Deterrence Forces, claimed responsibility for the attack. However, though US sources suspected the hydra itself, al-Qaeda, believing that the attack was far too sophisticated for the Islamic Army, its claim appeared more credible than the other two because of its past terrorist activity and a common genesis of known members and members of al-Qaeda to the much-romanticized Afghanistan war against the former Soviet Union.3 Moreover, unlike the Army of Mohammed and the Islamic Deterrence Forces, who were unknown to Yemeni officials, the Islamic Army had released a series of communiques in 1998 calling for the overthrow of the government of Yemen while expressing support for Osama bin Laden. Also in December 1998, the Islamic Army had kidnapped 16 tourists near Mudiyah, South Yemen. The Islamic Army also claimed responsibility for the
Case 54: Respiratory Arrest in the Recovery Room

You are scheduled to anesthetize a 9-year-old boy (12 kg) for a right hernia repair. His past medical history is unremarkable. He has been healthy all his life up to this point. He has no allergies and the family history is negative for anesthesia-related problems. You examine the child and find nothing abnormal. He has got an IV (20 gauge) in the back of his right hand. This has been placed by a pediatrician for preoperative antibiotics. Since the IV is working, you sedate him with 0.5 mg of midazolam IV. In the operating room, routine monitors are placed. You induce anesthesia with propofol. The patient falls asleep and is an easy mask. You ventilate him with sevoflurane 1–3% in 100% oxygen. Through the IV you give 4 mg of vecuronium. After 3 min you check with your nerve stimulator and discover that the patient is not adequately relaxed. You check the IV and find it now nonfunctioning. A new IV is inserted and a repeat dose of 4 mg of vecuronium is given. Within 3 min, the nerve stimulator indicates that the patient is adequately relaxed. An endotracheal tube (ETT) is inserted atraumatically into the trachea. Routine anesthesia is instituted with nitrous oxide 70% in oxygen with sevoflurane and meperidine 15 mg. The surgery commences and concludes uneventfully. At the end of the anesthetic you reverse the neuromuscular blockade, spontaneous ventilation, and the ETT is removed. The child is taken to the recovery room asleep but arousable.
Development of a Stable MGAT1 - CHO Cell Line to Produce Clade C gp120 With Improved Binding to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies.

The high rate of new HIV infections, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, emphasizes the need for a safe and effective vaccine to prevent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To date, the only HIV vaccine trial that has exhibited protective efficacy in humans was the RV144 study completed in Thailand. The finding that protection correlated with antibodies to gp120 suggested that increasing the quality or magnitude of the antibody response that recognize gp120 might improve the modest yet significant protection (31.2%) achieved with this immunization regimen. However, the large-scale production of rgp120 suitable for clinical trials has been challenging due, in part, to low productivity and difficulties in purification. Moreover, the antigens that are currently available were produced largely by the same technology used in the early 1990s and fail to incorporate unique carbohydrates presented on HIV virions required for the binding of several major families of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Here we describe the development of a high-yielding CHO cell line expressing rgp120 from a clade C isolate (TZ97008), representative of the predominant circulating HIV subtype in Southern Africa and Southeast Asia. This cell line, produced using robotic selection, expresses high levels (1.2 g/L) of the TZ97008 rgp120 antigen that incorporates oligomannose glycans required for binding to multiple glycan dependent bNAbs. The resulting rgp120 displays a lower degree of net charge and glycoform heterogeneity as compared to rgp120s produced in normal CHO cells. This homogeneity in net charge facilitates purification by filtration and ion exchange chromatography methods, eliminating the need for expensive custom-made lectin, or immunoaffinity columns. The results described herein document the availability of a novel cell line for the large-scale production of clade C gp120 for clinical trials. Finally, the strategy used to produce a TZ97008 gp120 in the MGAT- CHO cell line can be applied to the production of other candidate HIV vaccines.
Preferences, Proximity, and Controlled Choice: Examining Families’ School Choices and Enrollment Decisions in Louisville, Kentucky

This study provides evidence studying one diverse, countywide district’s integration efforts utilizing school choice and parental preferences. The findings illustrate substantial differences about ...
Associations between Distance and Loading Symmetry during Return to Sport Hop Testing

ABSTRACTPurposeHop tests are widely used to quantify recovery from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery. However, there is evidence that simply measuring hop distance may not be indicative of the quality of movement or representative of potential limitations in hopping mechanics,
16 Clinical Psychology

The field of clinical psychology was founded in 1896 by Lightner Witmer, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania and at first was focused on the evaluation and remediation of the academic and behavior problems of school-age children. Over time, clinical psychology gradually become a close cousin of the more ancient field of medicine. Before World War II, clinical psychologists were primarily involved in the administration of tests, particularly the intelligence test developed by Binet. After World War II, clinical psychologists, aided by massive government support, responded to the need to help with the care of millions of returning veterans. They expanded their scope of practice to include psychotherapy and later behavior therapy with adults. More recently clinical psychology has come to be a mainstay of research on psychopathology, assessment, and therapy. Keywords: Witmer; Binet; psychopathology; assessment; psychotherapy
This Ain’t No Tool, This Ain’t No Toolbox

Preamble: This essay is a critical literary approach to structural competency which uses as its starting point the lives and thinking of figures from the Black Freedom movement as political role models for students in medical education. A premise of this essay is that professional training tends to depoliticize medical students and mold them into technical experts, but not necessarily freedom-minded civic and political activists. The crisis in the professions that we are witnessing with the advent of Trumpism is a challenge to the integrity of all professions and credentialing institutions like medical schools. The facile answer is call for professional neutrality. Structural competency can never be politically neutral in a society that is quickly moving to deeper divisions and open social conflict. This essay is a literary experiment in calibrating the ethical and political costs of training students at looking at medicine and its array of institutions from a conflict-based perspective. At the core of this essay are two underlying ethical questions: Will the healthcare professions be explicit and conscious about the political power they wield already? Also, what will they do with the power in these times of profound conflict?
Exploring negative peer communication of companies on social media and its impact on organization-public relationships

Abstract This study examined whether and how the publics’ negative peer communication (NPC) about companies on social media could influence the quality of organization-public relationships (OPRs) through the theoretical lens of socialization and social learning theory. Through an online survey and a structural equation modeling analysis, results showed that NPC about companies on social media negatively influenced the quality of OPRs. Publics who were more dependent on social media and who had stronger ties with their peers tended to engage more in NPC about companies. Publics who perceived a favorable reputation of the company were less likely to engage in NPC.
Are We There Yet? Mechanism Design Beyond Equilibrium

There are mechanism design problems for which an exclusive focus on equilibrium can be seriously misleading. If outcomes will be implemented whether or not an equilibrium has been achieved, then the desiderata by which we evaluate mechanisms in these situations need to include more than merely the properties of their equilibria (are the equilibria Pareto optimal; are they in dominant strategies; are they stable; etc.). For the classical public-goods problem, we describe some of our research in which (1) we showed, in an experiment, that several mechanisms with excellent equilibrium properties exhibited serious out-of-equilibrium failures; (2) by emulating the Walrasian exchange model, we designed a public-good mechanism to be transparent and to have reasonable properties even when out of equilibrium; and (3) we conducted an experiment in which this new mechanism performed better than previous mechanisms.
Cognitive Style and Judging

An important dimension of judicial decisions little studied by social scientists is the scope of a court’s opinion. Traditional political science studies of judging emphasize the political valence of judicial opinions but do not address the scope with which commands or proclamations are issued. The valence of an opinion is, however, theoretically orthogonal to the scope of an opinion. Differences in the manner in which opinions are written may reflect deep differences in the ways that individual judges understand the causes of human behavior and their own ability to predict behavior and influence it through court action. These deep differences involve what psychologists broadly refer to as variations in “cognitive style,” a psychological construct that has been operationalized in a variety of ways to refer to individuals’ consistent ways of perceiving stimuli, processing information, and thinking about problems. We discuss the importance of cognitive style for understanding judicial behavior.
A Nudge or a Shove: Altering Actomyosin Pulse Profiles In Vivo.

Pulsed actomyosin contractions drive morphogenetic processes, but how cyclic frequencies and amplitudes of contractions are tuned to achieve processive shrinking of cell surfaces remains unclear. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Cavanaugh et al. (2020) use optogenetics and biophysical modeling to demonstrate how cells respond to different oscillatory force profiles.
Fanship and fandom: Comparisons between sport and non-sport fans.

The present studies assess similarities and differences between sport fans and other types of fans in terms of identification with the fan interest (fanship), identification with other fans (fandom), entitativity, and collective happiness. In Study 1, a unidimensional 11item scale to measure degree of identification with a fan interest was constructed. In Study 2, convergent and divergent validity for the measure was examined. In Study 3, criterion validity was examined. In Study 4, fanship positively con elated with entitativity, identification with other fans, and collective happiness. Sportfans w ere found to be similar to fans of other interests. Fans perceived themselves to be in a group even when they are not actively part of an organized group. Fanship and fandom were found to be positively correlated yet distinct constructs.
Sociodemographic Characteristics of EstablishedE-Cigarette, Cigarette, and Dual Users AmongAdults in the US

E-cigarettes are battery operated devices that vaporize aerosols, mostly containing nicotine...
The Road Home: Predictors of Health Care Utilization Among Older Returning African American Men:

Black or African American men face disproportionate rates of incarceration and poor health outcomes. Recent changes in sentencing policy have allowed individuals to return to communities after subs...
Genes and phenotypes in vascular malformations

Vascular malformations (VMs) are caused by localized defects of vascular development. Most VMs are due to sporadic, postzygotic mutations, while some are the result of autosomal dominant germline mutations. Genotype-phenotype correlation is influenced by many factors. Individual genes can induce different phenotypes (pleiotropy), and similar phenotypes can be due to different genes/mutations (redundancy). The phenotypic spectrum of somatic mutations is wide, and depends on variant allele frequency, timing during embryogenesis, cell type(s) involved and type of mutation. The phenotype of germline mutations is determined by penetrance and expressivity, and is influenced by epigenetic factors (DNA methylation, histone modification) or 'second-hit' somatic mutations. Except for disorders with pathognomonic phenotypes such as Proteus syndrome or a characteristic constellation of symptoms such as CLOVES [congenital lipomatous (fatty) overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal naevi and scoliosis/skeletal/spinal anomalies] or PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum syndrome, differential diagnosis of VM is therefore difficult. It will be greatly facilitated with increasing analytic sensitivity of sequencing techniques such as next-generation sequencing. High-sensitivity molecular techniques are a prerequisite for targeted pharmacotherapy, i.e. selective therapeutic inhibition of activating mutations underlying VM, which has shown promising results in preliminary studies.
Innate allorecognition in transplantation

Successful allogeneic transplantation has been made possible by suppressing activation of the adaptive immune system. Current immunosuppressive therapy prevents rejection by targeting T and B cells. Despite this effective treatment, it is the innate immune system, which includes dendritic cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, that is responsible for the initiation of the adaptive immune response. Recent work has described that the innate immune system is capable of recognizing allogeneic nonself and some of the mechanisms of innate allorecognition have been uncovered. Better understanding of the role of the innate immune system in initiation and maintenance of the allo-immune response has potential to lead to better treatment strategies for transplant patients, prolonging allograft survival. Here, we review advances in our understanding of innate allorecognition in transplantation.
Post-Fabrication Microarchitecture

Microarchitectural enhancements that improve performance generally, across many workloads, are favored in superscalar processor design. Targeting general performance is necessary but it also constrains some microarchitecture innovation. We explore relieving this constraint, via a new paradigm called Post-Fabrication Microarchitecture (PFM). A high-performance superscalar core is coupled with a reconfigurable logic fabric, RF. A programmable interface, or Agent, allows for RF to observe and microarchitecturally intervene at key pipeline stages of the superscalar core. New microarchitectural components, specific to applications, are synthesized on-demand to RF. All instructions still flow through the superscalar pipeline, as usual, but their execution is streamlined (better instructions per cycle (IPC)) through microarchitectural intervention by RF. Our research shows that one can achieve large speedups of individual applications, by analyzing their bottlenecks and providing customized microarchitectural solutions to target these bottlenecks. Examples of PFM use-cases explored in this paper include custom branch predictors and data prefetchers.
Examples L-Band Interference will be Presented and Discussed, as well as the Importance of L-Band Soil Moisture Observations

Examples of L-band interference will be presented and discussed, as well as the importance of L-band soil moisture observations, as part of this one-day GEOSS workshop XXXVII on "Data Quality and Radio Spectrum Allocation Impact on Earth Observations" will address the broad challenges of data quality and the impact of generating reliable information for decision makers who are Earth data users but not necessarily experts in the Earth observation field. GEO has initiated a data quality assessment task (DA-09-01a) and workshop users will review and debate the directions and challenges of this effort. Radio spectrum allocation is an element of data availability and data quality, and is also associated with a GEO task (AR-06-11). A recent U.S. National Research Council report on spectrum management will be addressed as part of the workshop. Key representatives from industry, academia, and government will provide invited talks on these and related issues that impact GEOSS implementation.
Inelastic Combined Thermal and Applied Stresses in Skin-Stringer Aircraft Structure

T N CHAPTER 7 of reference 1, procedures involving strain equations and trial-and-error calculations are used to determine inelastic thermal stresses. If the stress-strain curves are represented by approximate equations, it is possible to obtain the inelastic thermal stresses directly from charts, and the procedures for combined applied and thermal stresses can be considerably simplified. Consider a skin-stringer element in which the skin of area As is at the uniform temperature Ts above datum and the stringer of area As is at uniform temperature Tb above datum. From Eq. (3-1) of reference 1, the thermal stresses in the skin and stringer are (the skin and stringer restrain each other and there is no bowing or buckling)
The Existential World of George Oppen

"I salute a serious craftsman," wrote Ezra Pound in his preface to Discrete Series, George Oppen's first volume, "a sensibility which is not every man's sensibility and which has not been got out of any other man's books." Oppen's sensibility is indeed not every man's but it is one that clearly belongs to its age. And he has turned out to be much more than a serious craftsman. Metaphysically inclined, even in the earlier imagistic pieces that Pound was describing, Oppen presents a stark but intense world in which nothing is certain but the sheer existence of nature and the pressure of feelings and sensations on the mind that encounters it. From the beginning, imagism was, for Oppen, a cognitive as well as a formal technique: objects could only be known "imagistically," by one's sensation of them, and not discursively.1 Thus Oppen sought to "construct a method of thought from the imagist . . . intensity of vision," a method that would represent a "test of truth" or at least a "test of sincerity," based on the idea "that there is a moment, an actual time, when you believe something to be true, and you construct a meaning from those moments of conviction." Discrete Series ( 1934) is in effect a Cartesian investigation by imagistic rather than rationalistic means. "A discrete series," Oppen explains, "is a series of terms each of which is empirically derived, each one of which is empirically true. And this is the reason for the fragmentary character of those poems. I was attempting to construct a meaning by empirical statements, by imagist statements."2 Imagist thought is a form of nominalism in which, to repeat, appreciation of the existence of the object in its tangibility replaces thought about the object:
Modeling biofilm morphology along a transverse mixing zone in porous media at the pore scale

This work describes the development and application of a model to simulate substrate transport, biodegradation, and biofilm growth at the pore scale. Since field observations indicate that bioactive zones are located along plume boundaries where the contaminant mixes with nutrients in the ambient groundwater, we simulate a 2D porous medium in which biofilm growth is controlled by transverse mixing between the electron acceptor and donor. In the model, biofilms are initialized as thin films located on surfaces of cylinders that are arranged in a staggered packing. The lattice Boltzmann method is used to solve for the steady flow field, employing bounce-back boundary conditions to enforce no-slip and zero flux conditions at solid-fluid interfaces. The substrates enter the system completely unmixed and are degraded only in the presence of microbes. Transport and reaction of the solutes is modeled by a finite volume discretization of the advection-diffusion-reaction equation. The Newton-Raphson method is used to linearize the coupled equations. Biofilms are allowed to evolve by means of a cellular automata algorithm. Characteristics of simulated biofilms are qualitatively compared to biofilms from a micromodel experiment. The effects of reaction rate parameters and biofilm shear strength on biofilm length within a pore, thickness, and location of growth within the porous media are explored.
An Associative Broadcast Based Coordination Model for Distributed Processes

We define and describe a model for coordination of distributed processes or components based on associative broadcast. Associative broadcast encapsulates processes with an associative interface. The associative interface includes a profile, which specifies the current state of the component. Each message is sent with a conditional expression (selector), which evaluates to true for specific instances of profiles. Messages are broadcast but are received by only those processes where the selector of the message evaluates to true when matched with the profile of the component. Each component dynamically specifies its profile and selectors to conform to a coordination protocol. Components can, depending on their local state, enter or leave a coordinating set without affecting the other members of the set. Associative broadcast is defined and described. A formulation of associative broadcast implementing coordination among a dynamic set of distributed processes is defined and described. Distributed mutual exclusion is formulated in associative broadcast as an illustration.
P-wave velocities in the mantle below 700 km

Measurements of the slope of the travel-time curve have been made on a group of 167 events in the distance range 27°-90° along an azimuth of 300°-320° from the LASA array in Montana. A first-order correction of +0.05 seconds/degree has been applied to the raw data to make them consistent with the travel-time residuals observed from the LONGSHOT nuclear test in the Aleutian Islands. The agreement between these two sets of data is sufficiently good that other station corrections at the array are assumed to be negligible. The resulting graph of dT / d Δ against Δ is shown to be consistent with other traveltime and amplitude observations. Using an assumed crust and upper mantle structure, a velocity-depth model for the mantle has been found which agrees, within the scatter of the data, with both the dT / d Δ observations and the LONGSHOT residuals. This model shows three anomalous regions within the mantle, at depths of about 800, 1300, and 2000 km, where the velocity changes very slowly with depth. In each case the possibility that the velocity decreases with depth exists, but is not proven by the present data.
Estimating brood‐specific reproductive inhibition potency in aquatic toxicity testing

Effluents may contain chemicals that impact the mortality, growth, or reproduction of organisms in aquatic systems. A common endpoint analyzed in reproduction toxicology is the total young produced by organisms exposed to toxicants. In the present study, we propose using two Bayesian hierarchical models to analyze the brood-specific reproduction count responses in aquatic toxicology experiments jointly and to estimate the brood-specific concentration associated with a specified level of reproductive inhibition. A simulation study showed that the proposed models outperformed an approach where brood-specific responses were modeled separately. In particular, this method provided potency estimates with smaller bias/variation and better coverage probability. The application of the proposed models is illustrated with an experiment where the impact of Nitrofen was studied. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interlayer coupling in epitaxial Fe(110)/Ag(111) multilayers

Abstract We have detected a possible oscillatory interlayer coupling in Fe(110)/Ag(111) multilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The oscillation period is between 5 and 9 ML. The coupling was examined using a site-specific Mossbauer spectroscopy technique to determine the spin-wave spectrum at the first two monolayers of the Fe(110) surface. As the interlayer exchange decreases, the spin-wave spectrum softens, resulting in a faster decrease in the nuclear hyperfine field with temperature. At an interlayer thickness of 6 ML, the coupling is so strong that the spin-wave spectrum appears almost bulk-like.
Studies on the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor antigen on human platelets

Abstract A purified protein having both Factor VIII activity (coagulant assay) and von Willebrand factor activity (platelet retention and ristocetin aggregation assays) was used to immunize a goat. The resulting antiserum neutralized Factor VIII coagulant activity, decreased platelet retention of normal blood and blocked ristocetin aggregation of normal platelet rich plasma. This same antiserum acted as an “anti-platelet” antibody in serotonin release, platelet aggregation and immunofluorescence with normal, hemophilic and von Willebrand platelets. However, after suitable absorption with small numbers of platelets this antiserum recognized Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor antigen only on normal and hemophilic platelets but not on platelets from two patients with severe von Willebrand's disease. It is possible that antisera produced against Factor VIII purified from plasma not rendered completely free of platelets contains antibodies to platelet membrane material.
The influence of generation on knowledge sharing connections and methods in construction and engineering organizations headquartered in the US

Four generations of employees: Traditionalists, Baby boomers, Generation X and Generation Y, are now working together in organizations. This demographic diversity can provide benefits for construction and engineering organizations, but it can also hinder knowledge sharing across organizations. Because well-distributed knowledge sharing connections (KSCs) increase knowledge sharing across the entire organization, thereby enhancing performance, managers are focusing on how to facilitate these connections. With four generations working together within organizations, managers need to ascertain how to span generational boundaries to increase organizational knowledge sharing and to (1) determine whether generational attributes of employees impact on knowledge sharing patterns; and (2) identify the most frequent knowledge sharing (KS) methods that each generation uses to share knowledge within communities of practice (CoPs) in construction and engineering companies. To address this, data were obtained from 734 e...
Temporal oviposition patterns of Heliothis zea and Spodoptera ornithogalli

Egg production under laboratory conditions was examined over the lifespan of Heliothis zea (Boddie) and Spodoptera ornithogalli Guenee (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Although H. zea oviposits singly and S. ornithogalli oviposits in masses, temporal trends were similar. Egg numbers peaked shortly after mating and then rapidly declined. Egg weights also peaked shortly after mating, but decreased gradually over time. Temporal oviposition patterns were more erratic for unmated than mated females, suggesting the importance of mating in establishing the shape of the oviposition curve. Resume Distribution temporelle de l'oviposition chez Heliothis zea et Spodoptera ornithogalli La production d'œufs d'Heliothis zea (Boddie) et de Spodoptera ornithogalli Guenee (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) durant toute la vie adulte a ete examinee au laboratoire. Bien que H. zea depose ses œufs isolement et que S. ornithogalli les depose en groupes, les courbes temporelles d'oviposition chez des individus fecondes sont similaires. Le nombre d'œufs culmine peu apres l'accouplement, puis decline rapidement. Le poids des œufs culmine aussi peu apres l'accouplement, puis decroit graduellement. Des femelles fecondees produisent environ deux fois autant d'œufs que les femelles non fecondees, quoique la longevite ne differe pas significativement entre les deux groupes. Des femelles non fecondees montrent des distributions temporelles plus irregulieres que des femelles fecondees, en ce qui concerne le nombre des œufs et leur poids. Ces irregularites ont ete attribuees a la tendance des femelles non fecondees a retenir leur œufs, ce qui suggere que l'accouplement exerce une influence sur la forme de la courbe temporelle d'oviposition. Des femelles d'H. zea contenant un, deux ou trois spermatophores n'ont pas produit des nombres d'œufs significativement differents.
DECLINE IN ABUSE OF PENTAZOCINE/TRIPELENNAMINE (T's AND BLUES) ASSOCIATED WITH THE ADDITION OF NALOXONE TO PENTAZOCINE TABLETS

Abstract From 1977 to 1982, the intravenous use of the combination pentazocine/ tripelennamine (T's and Blues) had become a major drug abuse problem in St. Louis, MO, U.S.A. In 1983, the manufacturer of pentazocine tablets removed the drug from the pharmaceutical market and released a new tablet formulation of pentazocine and the narcotic antagonist naloxone. Since 1983 there has been a continuous decline in T's and Blues abuse whereby (a) the new pentazocine tablets do not produce the euphoria sought by addicts; (b) the price of old pentazocine tablets has greatly increased and (c) the availability of heroin and other narcotics has increased.
The role of positron emission tomography in gastrointestinal imaging

Although the use of PET in studies of the gastrointestinal tract is still relatively new, its value is clear. The future will provide a better definition of the indications for PET, refinement of the technology, and its relative value compared with other modalities such as peptide and antibody imaging, CT, MR imaging, and US.