cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Current Genetic Counselor Practices in Post-Visit Written Communications to Patients

Providing patients with post-visit written communication (PVWC) is a long-standing component of genetic counseling. However the depiction of this practice in today’s clinical landscape is limited. To better describe this practice, we surveyed practicing clinical genetic counselors to ask if they send post-visit communications to patients and if so, what are the types, the average length, and the average time spent writing. They were also asked the perceived purpose of providing PVWC, if/how the practice has changed over time, and factors influencing the practice. Eighty three percent (233/280) of participants reported sending patients PVWC. Of those, 93% sent at least one communication written in patient-friendly language. The type of communication varied by specialty. Prenatal genetic counselors were less likely to send patient-specific letters and hybrid letters (defined as letters with content intended for both a physician and a patient) than those in cancer genetics (p = 0.010, p = 0.001, respectively) or pediatric genetics (p = 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively). Prenatal genetic counselors spent less time on average writing post-visit communications (19.0 min) relative to those in cancer and pediatric genetics (30.6 min, p = 0.027 and 37.7 min, p = 0.001, respectively). The most commonly cited purpose for sending PVWC was to provide patients a formal account of what happened during the appointment. These data suggest PWVC are still regularly sent to patients but the practice is variable and is influenced by numerous factors including specialty, years of experience, and time constraints.
Cognitive Evaluation Theory: Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation

If a person who is intrinsically motivated to do something begins to receive an extrinsic reward for it, what will happen to his intrinsic motivation? When Nancy entered school and began to receive A’s and gold stars for doing well on tests, what happened to her intrinsic motivation for learning? Did the grades and stars make her more intrinsically motivated to learn, did they make her less intrinsically motivated, or did they have no effect on her? When Lou’s mother told her she’d be punished if she didn’t practice the piano regularly, what happened to her intrinsic motivation to play the piano? Was it increased, decreased, or unchanged?
Use of Mobile Wearable Devices to Compare Eating, Physical Activity, and Sleep Between Individuals Following Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diets

An emerging area of nutrition research is examining the health benefits of consuming plant-based diets (PBDs) since vegans or vegetarians tend to have better health outcomes than omnivores. However, a majority of the studies on PBDs rely on self-reported data for measuring dietary data and other variables, which are prone to bias or measurement error. One way to potentially address the limitations from current research is to use objective measurements. The development of various mobile health (mHealth) technologies, such as smart phone applications, automated text messaging, or wearable fitness activity monitors, allows researchers to use a low-cost and low-burden approach for objectively measuring dietary data. This informed the development of the present study. We identified two wearable mHealth devices—the Bite Counter and Misfit Flash—for the purpose of assessing eating, physical activity (PA), and sleep as compared to self-reported methods (dietary recalls, PA questionnaire, sleep dairies). Thirty-four participants that were following one of two diets (n = 12 vegetarian; n = 22 omnivore) enrolled in the study and used both devices for a week. Examining data from the devices, the vegetarian group averaged more daily steps (9909 ± 878 vegetarian vs. 6450 ± 566 omnivore, p < 0.001) and the omnivore group averaged more minutes of light sleep each night (247.4 ± 11.8 omnivore vs. 182.3 ± 18.9 vegetarian, p < 0.001); however, there were no differences in self-reported sleep or PA measures. These findings suggest wearable methods may represent a low-burden and more effective approach to collecting behavioral data that may not be captured using traditional self-reported methods.
Tricuspid atresia. A re-evaluation and classification.

Forty-five specimens of hearts with tricuspid atresia were studied and classified according to the nature of the great vessels and the ventricles. The new classification is a modification of the Edwards-Burchell classification of 1949 and takes recognition of modification by Keith and associates. According to the new classification, tricuspid atresia is divided into three types, namely, with normally related great vessels (Type I), with transposed great vessels (Type II), and with persistent truncus arteriosus (Type III). Type II tricuspid atresia, characterized by transposed great vessels, is further subdivided into Subtype A, characterized by single subaortic conus, and Subtype B, characterized by both a subaortic and a subpulmonary conus (double conus). When only a subaortic conus is present, the external relationship of the great vessels conforms to either d-transposition or l-transposition. Type I and each of the entities in Type II tricuspid atresia are further subdivided according to the presence or absence of obstruction to pulmonary blood flow. The new classification recognizes three variants, namely, l-transposition, double conus, and persistent truncus, as compared to the classification of 1949. Normally related great vessels were present in 56 per cent and transposed great vessels in 42 per cent of the cases. Anatomic features of obstruction to pulmonary blood flow were present in 60 per cent of all cases. Obstruction to pulmonary blood flow occurred in 84 per cent of specimens with normally related great vessels as compared to 32 per cent of specimens with transposed great vessels.
An A Posteriori Analysis of Multiscale Operator Decomposition

We analyze an operator decomposition time integration method for systems of ordinary differential equations that present significantly different scales within the components of the model. Using adjoint formulation of the problems, we derive an a posteriori error analysis for the average error over certain time interval as quantity of interest.
Globalization and the Local University

There is widespread awareness that “globalization” is “real”; i.e., is a factor that affects the mission and context of the major institutions of current world society—nations that are mature, developing, and under-developed.
Polyradiculopathy and Plexopathy

Polyradiculopathy is the involvement of multiple nerve roots, usually bilaterally. A plexopathy is a lesion distal to the nerve roots but proximal to the origin of the individual peripheral nerves. The electrodiagnostic evaluation of both polyradiculopathies and plexopathies can be important, not only for anatomic localization of the lesion, but also for prognosis and management decisions.
Abstract 4664: Enzymatically-responsive tumor-targeted mesoporous silica nanoparticle for identification of pancreatic cancer

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer remains an unsolved health issue, with its rapid progression and resistance to modern therapy leading to poor prognoses for most patients. The prevalence of metastasis in pancreatic cancer makes complete tumor location and removal rare, and those who do have resectable disease have only a 20% 5-year survival rate. In recent years, nanoparticles have been explored as targeted delivery agents for chemotherapeutic drugs and imaging dyes, however few have achieved clinical success due to overestimation of biological phenomena and reliance on passive targeting systems. In this work, an enzyme-responsive nanoparticle has been developed for increased active pancreatic tumor targeting and specific release at biologically-significant enzyme concentrations. Methods: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles were formed using a scaffold of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at 80°C. The scaffold was removed to form wormhole-like pores using a series of dialysis procedures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the 35 nm diameter and porous structure of the particles. The particles were then loaded with IR780 dye, and surfaces were functionalized with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES). The loaded particles were then encapsulated with a combination of Type A and Type B gelatin, followed by a stabilizing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) layer. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential were used to confirm coating. Coated particle samples were exposed to collagenase type IV (MMP-9) enzyme to test encapsulation efficiency and enzyme sensitivity. Enzyme-treated and intact samples were transferred to tissue phantoms, and Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) was used for comparative analysis. Results: TEM confirmed the formation of stable 35 nm silica nanoparticles with a wormhole-like pore structure. Zeta potential decrease from 55 mV to 5 mV and DLS particle diameter increase from 35 nm to 334.5 nm indicated binding of gelatin and PVP to particle surfaces. MSOT imaging showed 10 X increased signals from untreated nanoparticles as compared to enzyme-treated nanoparticles, indicating that dye molecules remained inside the pores of coated particles and were released when exposed to MMP-9. Conclusion: Gelatin/PVP-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles encapsulated dye and demonstrated MMP-9 activated dye release at biologically-relevant enzyme concentrations. Citation Format: Kylie Nairon, Abhilash Samykutty, Molly W. McNally, Girish Mishra, William E. Grizzle, Lacey R. McNally. Enzymatically-responsive tumor-targeted mesoporous silica nanoparticle for identification of pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4664.
Working Our Way Back: Colonial Science in Light of Postcolonial Thought

This Chapter like Chap. 4 is an attempt at application. If science has always been colonial and there can be a postcolonial science what might it look like. I adopt Wynter’s concept of Mythoi, Gilroy’s concept of raciology, and Harding’s studying up to show how there is already a postcolonial historiography and a postcolonial reading of science. I rely on the work of Daniela Bleichmar, Londa Schiebinger, and Judith Carney.
Assessment of established patient reported outcomes (PROs) instruments measuring toxicities and quality of life (QOL) for patients (pts) with head and neck cancer (HNC) treated on ECOG 1308 and 2399 studies.

6074Background: HPV HNC pts are younger and have a higher cure rate than smoking-related pts, and therefore carry treatment toxicities longer. Dose deintensification and conformal RT may result in ...
Polyester-based ink platform with tunable bioactivity for 3D printing of tissue engineering scaffolds.

In this work, we synthesized a novel polymeric biomaterial platform with tunable functionalizability for extrusion-based 3D printing. Biodegradable polymers were synthesized using 4-hydroxyphenethyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate (HTy), which is derived from Tyrosol and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid. p-Phenylenediacetic acid (PDA) was introduced to enhance crystallinity. To enable functionalizability without deteriorating printability, glutamic acid derivatives were introduced into the polymer design, forming copolymers including poly(HTy-co-45%PDA-co-5%Gluhexenamide ester) (HP5GH), poly(HTy-co-45%PDA-co-5%Glupentynamide ester) (HP5GP), and poly(HTy-co-45%PDA-co-5%BocGlu ester) (HP5BG). The resulting polymers have: two melting temperatures (125–131 °C and 141–147 °C), Young's moduli of 1.9–2.4 GPa, and print temperatures of 170–190 °C. The molecular weight (Mw) loss due to hydrolytic degradation was gradual with ∼30% Mw retained after 25 weeks for HP5BG, whereas it was much faster for HP5GP and HP5GH with only 18% Mw retained after 8 weeks. HP5GH and HP5GP were successfully functionalized in solution (bulk) or on the surface using click-based chemistry. Finally, the utilization of this novel platform was demonstrated by studying osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) using 3D printed scaffolds from HP5GP. Scaffolds were functionalized with azide-Heparin (az-Heparin) to bind and deliver bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). This sample group significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs as compared to unfunctionalized scaffolds incubated directly with az-Heparin or BMP-2 prior to cell culture. This novel polymer platform with tunable functionalizability could be utilized for additive manufacturing of biodegradable devices and scaffolds with tailored mechanical and bioactive properties for a wide range of medical applications including bone fixation devices and scaffolds for bone regeneration.
Sex Differences in Cardiometabolic Traits and Determinants of Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction

Importance Sex differences in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have been established, but insights into the mechanistic drivers of these differences are limited. Objective To examine sex differences in cardiometabolic profiles and exercise hemodynamic profiles among individuals with HFpEF. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study was conducted at a single-center tertiary care referral hospital from December 2006 to June 2017 and included 295 participants who met hemodynamic criteria for HFpEF based on invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing results. We examined sex differences in distinct components of oxygen transport and utilization during exercise using linear and logistic regression models. The data were analyzed from June 2018 to May 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures Resting and exercise gas exchange and hemodynamic parameters obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Results Of 295 participants, 121 (41.0%) were men (mean [SD] age, 64 [12] years) and 174 (59.0%) were women (mean [SD] age, 61 [13] years). Compared with men, women with HFpEF in this tertiary referral cohort had fewer comorbidities, including diabetes, insulin resistance, and hypertension, and a more favorable adipokine profile. Exercise capacity was similar in men and women (percent predicted peak oxygen [O2] consumption: 66% in women vs 68% in men;P = .38), but women had distinct deficits in components of the O2pathway, including worse biventricular systolic reserve (multivariable-adjusted analyses: ΔLVEF β = −1.70; SE, 0.86;P Conclusions and Relevance Despite a lower burden of cardiometabolic disease and a similar percent predicted exercise capacity, women with HFpEF demonstrated greater cardiac and extracardiac deficits, including systolic reserve, diastolic reserve, and peripheral O2extraction. These sex differences in cardiac and skeletal muscle responses to exercise may illuminate the pathophysiology underlying the development of HFpEF and should be investigated further.
Progress in nicotinic receptor structural biology.

Abstract Here we begin by briefly reviewing landmark structural studies on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. We highlight challenges that had to be overcome to push through resolution barriers, then focus on what has been gleaned in the past few years from crystallographic and single particle cryo-EM studies of different nicotinic receptor subunit assemblies and ligand complexes. We discuss insights into ligand recognition, ion permeation, and allosteric gating. We then highlight some foundational aspects of nicotinic receptor structural biology that remain unresolved and are areas ripe for future exploration. This article is part of the special issue on ‘Contemporary Advances in Nicotine Neuropharmacology’.
Complications of breast reconstruction with pedicled TRAM and LDF: a Meta analysis

Objective To analyze the complications of breast reconstruction with pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (TRAM flap) and latissimus dorsi flap (LDF).Methods From databases such as CNKI,SinoMed,PubMed,VIP and Cochrane Library and manual search of articles on breast reconstruction with pedicled TRAM and LDF from 1992 to 2002 for the language of both Chinese and English,1493 cases were collected.47 cases were selected after they all were inspected by the excluded and included standards.RevMan 5.0 software was used to perform the Mantele-Haenszel fixed effect model.Results Ten studies reporting outcomes of pedicled TRAM and LDF were used to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95 ％ confidence interval (CI) for complications.There was a 1.7 times increase in the risk of partial flap necrosis (relative risk,1.72; 95 ％ CI,1.02to 2.88) in pedicled TRAM flap patients compared with LDF patients.There was no difference in the risk for fat necrosis (relative risk,1.01; 95 ％ CI,0.60 to 1.72) and total flap loss (relative risk,2.13; 95 ％ CI,0.82 to 5.54) between pedicled TRAM flap and LDF patients (P＞0.05).Conclusions Compared with the pedicled TRAM flap,partial flap loss risk of breast reconstruction with LDF is lower,and the risk of fat necrosis and total flap loss have no statistical difference (P＞0.05). Key words: Pedicled TRAM flap; Latissimus dorsi flap (LDF); Mammaplasty; Complication; Meta analysis
Mechanical manifestation of the C-factor in relation to photopolymerization of dental resin composites.

Abstract Objective This study aims to assess the validity of a recent theory which proposes that (1) the magnitude of the shrinkage stress of resin composites depends on the thickness of the boundary layer under triaxial constraints relative to the total thickness of the specimen and (2) the boundary-layer thickness is proportional to the diameter of the specimen. Methods Cylindrical specimens of three commercially available resin composites, three diameters (4, 5 and 6.3 mm) and four thicknesses (2, 3, 5 and 6.5 mm) were tested. Curing was applied using a LED light for 40 s. Microscopic images (32×) of the specimens before and after curing were analyzed to determine the lateral shrinkage profile along the vertical axis. Boundary-layer thickness was determined from the point where lateral shrinkage displacement first reached the maximum value found at mid-thickness. Results Lateral shrinkage displacement at mid-thickness was close to the theoretical value based on published shrinkage-strain data, with the ratio between experimental and theoretical values being 1.04 ± 0.06. The boundary-layer thickness was found to be proportional to specimen diameter only, independent of material, C-factor, and specimen thickness. The proportionality constant was 0.64 ± 0.07, which was approximately 3 times that of the effective value indicated by shrinkage strain/stress calculations. Significance This study validates the assumption made in the shrinkage-stress theory recently proposed and provides a more precise and mechanistic interpretation for the C-factor, i.e. the C-factor, as a measure of a specimen's constraint, is the ratio between the boundary-layer thickness and the total thickness of the specimen.
Comparative Afroasiatic and General Genetic Linguistics

(1992). Comparative Afroasiatic and General Genetic Linguistics. WORD: Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 429-458.
Manipulation of fatty acid composition in a high-fat meal does not result in differential alterations in appetite or food intake in normal weight females: a single-blind randomized crossover study

Abstract A behavioral concept that generates a path to obesity is eating in the absence of hunger (EAH). One strategy that may be effective in preventing EAH is the manipulation of dietary fatty acid (FA) composition. However, it remains unclear which FA has the greatest impact on both appetite and EAH. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of different dietary FA compositions (monounsaturated, MUFA; polyunsaturated, PUFA; saturated, SFA) on subjective ratings of appetite and subsequent ad libitum eating after a 3 h postprandial period. Sixteen apparently healthy normal weight females between ages 18–40 completed this randomized, single-blind, crossover study. Participants consumed a HF meal (65% energy from fat) rich in SFA, MUFA, and PUFA with an energy content corresponding to 35% of their measured resting metabolic rate on three separate occasions. Visual analog scales were collected while fasted and every 30 min for 3 h during a postprandial period to measure feelings of hunger, fullness, and desire to eat (DTE). Participants were provided an ad libitum buffet meal 3 h after the HF meal. There were no statistically significant differences for ratings of hunger, fullness, or DTE across conditions. Further, there was no significant difference in energy intake during the ad libitum lunch. We conclude that the manipulation of FA composition in a HF meal does not differentially affect appetite sensations or subsequent energy intake.
Choose Your Own Adventure: Alternatives to Legal Advice

Although librarians cannot provide legal advice, there are ways that librarians can support patrons seeking legal information. This article addresses the self-represented litigants' desire to tell their story, a need that goes unsatisfied through the traditional legal system. Patrons seek legal answers from librarians, but often they have a need to verbally unload the heft of their legal scenario. Empathy and active listening by librarians are key in these situations, and so is pursuing a strategy that will lead to the most successful exchange. Success often requires research and referrals in place of legal answers. This article presents a comparison between legal advice interactions in libraries and the Choose Your Own Adventure genre by likening the potential paths and outcomes. The options in these exchanges are static, and bring frustration from both sides of the desk, but these interactions can be concluded favorably without crossing advice lines.
Why Study Geography?: By Alan Parkinson. 200 pp. London: London Publishing Partnership, 2020. $17.26 (Softcover), ISBN: 978-1-913019-15-0.

Imagine an alternative reality in which geography were a core component of the US curriculum. How would American educators convey geography’s relevance as an area of study and career? In Why Study ...
Calculating the hyperfine tensors for group-IV impurity-vacancy centers in diamond using hybrid density functional theory

The hyperfine interaction is an important probe for understanding the structure and symmetry of defects in a semiconductor. Density functional theory has shown that it can provide useful first-principles predictions for both the hyperfine tensor and the hyperfine constants that arise from it. Recently there has been great interest in using group-IV impurity-vacancy color centers $\mathrm{X}{V}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ (where X = Si, Ge, Sn, or Pb and $V$ is a carbon vacancy) for important applications in quantum computing and quantum information science. In this paper we have calculated the hyperfine tensors for these $\mathrm{X}{V}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ color centers using the HSE06 screened Hartree-Fock hybrid exchange-correlation functional with the inclusion of core electron spin polarization. We have compared our results to calculations which only use the PBE exchange-correlation functional without the inclusion of core electron spin polarization and we have found that our results are in very good agreement with available experimental results. Finally, we have theoretically shown that these $\mathrm{X}{V}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ color centers exhibit a Jahn-Teller distortion which explains the observed anisotropic distribution of the hyperfine constants among the neighboring $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ nuclear spins.
Emotion Regulation with Markov Decision Process for Human-robot Interaction

Emotion Regulation is an essential aspect since it helps people avoid harmful emotions. Shaping emotions and satisfying people are some of the key reasons to value a social robot in human-robot interaction. Thus, in this paper, a multi-weighted Markov Decision Process Emotion Regulation (MDPER) robot is created to maximize the transfer from a negative emotional arousal to positive one while minimizing the robot service spendings in cost and steps. By using an emotion regulation method external stimuli as a robot action set, the MDPER robot generates a series of its actions to help people regulate their emotions. Personality and emotion/intention degrees are weighted by the analytic hierarchy process under a specialized Markov Decision Process framework. The simulation and the experiment are implemented to prove that the MDPER system successfully achieves the goal.
An A1 Mode Resonator at 12 GHz using 160nm Lithium Niobate Suspended Thin Film

This paper demonstrates a 160 nm thick first- and third-order antisymmetric mode Lithium Niobate resonator. The presented device maintains feature sizes on the order of micrometers by thinning the piezoelectric resulting in a first-order mode at 11.77 GHz through direct scaling of state-of-the-art design approaches. Thinning leverages an Argon-based low-power physical etch, with attention paid specifically to surface roughness. The fabricated device demonstrates a first-order antisymmetric series resonant frequency of 11.77 GHz with an electromechanical coupling of 23.6% and a mechanical quality factor of 148 for a Figure of Merit of 35.1. In addition, the resonator's third-order antisymmetric mode achieves an electromechanical coupling of 3.7% and a mechanical quality factor of 66 at a frequency of 34.7 GHz.
Artificial intelligence in reaction prediction and chemical synthesis

Recent years have seen a sudden spurt in the use of artificial intelligence (AI) methods for computational reaction modeling and prediction. Given the diversity of the techniques, we believe it would be helpful to assess them using a broad conceptual framework within which the different approaches reside. Towards that goal, we categorize the different methods into symbolic AI, purely data-driven numeric AI, and hybrid AI methods. Symbolic AI-based approaches require the translation of a priori chemistry knowledge into clearly encoded rules and instructions. Purely data-driven numeric AI methods utilize recent advances in machine learning, generally without explicit incorporation of a priori domain knowledge. In between these two extremes, we have hybrid AI, which integrates domain knowledge with data-driven techniques. We review recent progress across these broad areas to highlight their benefits as well as limitations and provide a future outlook of this rapidly evolving field.
X-Ray Fluorescence Microscopy

Synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microscopy is used to quantitatively measure and image the distribution of trace elements in biological, geological and materials science specimens. The design and performance of the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) microprobe at the NSLS are discussed and compared with other XRF microprobe designs. An example of a trace element image obtained with this instrument is presented.
An Intraleader Open Reading Frame is Selected from a Hypervariable 5’ Terminus during Persistent Infection by the Bovine Coronavirus

In an effort to unambiguously establish the 5’ terminal nucleotides on bovine coronavirus (BCV) mRNAs, we developed a method that employs the head-to-tail ligation of single-stranded cDNA from extended primers before PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing1,2. Only the mRNAs for the N, M, and S structural proteins were studied in this manner, and mRNAs isolated from cells at various times postinfection through 432 days were studied. We learned that the 5’ terminal five nucleotides were hypervariable among four major terminus types, and that certain types predominated at various times postinfection. The type I terminus (GAUUGUG…) predominated within the first 4 days postinfection and was considered the wild type terminus. At 296 days postinfection and beyond, the type II terminus (GAUUAUG…) predominated. Types II, III and IV all possessed a G → A mutation that gave rise to an AUG codon and established an intraleader ORF for 11 amino acids. Although we have not yet been able to show the existence of the peptide in persistently infected cells, we have demonstrated that the intraleader ORF attenuates translation of downstream ORFs during translation in vitro.
Directional resolution : the Davis-Putnam procedure, revisited

The paper presents algorithm directional resolution, a variation on the original Davis-Putnam algorithm, and analyzes its worst-case behavior as a function of the topological structure of the theories. The notions of induced width and diversity are shown to play a key role in bounding the complexity of the procedure. The importance of our analysis lies in highlighting structure-based tractable classes of satisfiability and in providing theoretical guarantees on the time and space complexity of the algorithm. Contrary to previous assessments, we show that for many theories directional resolution could be an effective procedure. Our empirical tests confirm theoretical prediction, showing that on problems with special structures, like chains, directional resolution greatly outperforms one of the most effective satisfiability algorithm known to date, namely the popular Davis-Putnam procedure.
Archaeozoology in Mainland Southeast Asia: Changing Methodology and Pleistocene to Holocene Forager Subsistence Patterns in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia

Meta-analysis of archaeozoological data from 28 prehistoric sites in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia indicate that turtle (hard-shell, soft-shell and tortoise) and mollusc exploitation dominate the late Pleistocene and Holocene hunter-gatherer record. A total of 163 taxonomic classifications provide 29,842 identified specimens in this dataset. Using nestedness and squared chord distance metrics, results indicate that narrowing diet breadth and similar faunal composition is broadly characteristic of this region through time. A historical review of recording techniques indicates that while minimum number of individual (MNI) faunal quantification remained abundant during the twentieth century, number of identified specimen (NISP) quantification is more prevalent today. Synthesis of taxonomic composition suggests that Peninsular Malaysian sites have a higher abundance of wild boar (Suidae) in relation to Thailand sites that have a higher abundance of deer (Cervidae). Turtles and molluscs appear at almost every site in relative high occurrence and abundance. Future archaeozoological research should focus on standardizing quantification techniques, and providing fine-grained identification of turtle specimens to more accurately investigate shifting subsistence strategies, paleoenvironmental change, and seasonal occupation of sites throughout mainland Southeast Asia during the Pleistocene and Holocene.
Liver Transplantation to the Active Smoker: Transplant Provider Opinions and How They Have Changed : Transplantation in Smokers: A Survey.

Awareness of smoking complications in liver transplantation patients is increasing. No study in the past 15 years has addressed attitudes toward offering transplantation to smokers. Our aim was to determine smoking policies nationwide. We conducted a survey of liver transplantation centers. The seven-question survey was sent to medical and surgical directors of liver transplantation. Results were analyzed in R 3.1.1 using two-tailed t testing and ANOVA. Fifty one of 110 centers (46 %) responded. Volume transplanted annually ranged from 10 to 190. Most respondents acknowledged a policy on smoking (38/51, 75 %). Most centers with policies required cessation (32/38, 84 %). All other centers did encourage attempts at cessation (19/19, 100 %). Whether smoking cessation was required differed by region (p = 0.02). Southern programs more commonly required smoking cessation (87.5 vs. 38.4 %, p < 0.001). The highest rates of smoking cessation were noted in the Southwest (90.0 %) and the lowest in the Northeast (26.2 %). There was a trend toward requiring cessation in larger-volume centers. Most respondents had a tobacco policy and tended to require abstinence; however, ultimately centers were divided on requiring cessation. Regional differences were noted, with the South more commonly requiring cessation. Our results indicate lack of consensus among transplantation centers regarding access of smokers to liver transplantation.
Roles of the Psychotherapist in Family Financial Counseling

Summary A systems approach is provided the psychotherapist, beginning with the development of factual profiles: of client's income, expenses, and net worth, and of the client's social network, identifying right to and claims on other persons and institutions. In the process of developing the data based profiles, there will arise opportunity to evaluate the adequacy of the current status and provisions made for the future. The need for consumer alertness is emphasized, as is having a proper respect for the limitations of money. The paper closes with a series of questions appropriate for all ages, but especially the older persons whose “count down” years become increasingly finite.
Variation of breast MRI utilization in a privately insured population

Introduction Breast disease is a novel clinical application for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although data do not support routine use during breast cancer evaluation, evidence suggests that this technology is being rapidly adopted. The goal of this study was to gain a better understanding of breast MRI practice patterns on a population level. Methods A retrospective cohort was constructed using a commercial database of administrative claims from 126 unique insurance carriers. Women aged 18-64 who were continuously enrolled and had an incident breast cancer diagnosis from 2005-2007 were included. Inpatient and outpatient imaging and surgical procedures were captured for each patient. Results The mean age at diagnosis was 52.1 years (range 20-64). Overall, 30.5% (n=6,230) of 20,440 identified incident breast cancer patients underwent breast MRI. Younger women were more likely than older women to receive MRI. MRI use increased from 24.6% of those diagnosed in 2005 to 39.0% of those diagnosed in 2007. Seventeen percent of women in the MRI group had more than one MRI (n=1,062). MRI was more common in women who underwent mastectomy (n=7,535) compared to those who underwent breast conservation therapy (n=11,736) (36.0% vs. 27.7%, p 100 cases, utilization ranged from 9.7% to 63.7%. Conclusions Utilization of breast MRI in this privately insured population is significant and increasing. In this study we found large differences in breast MRI utilization by state. Uncertainty surrounding the utility of breast MRI in the general population may contribute to unexplained regional variation.
VARIANCE ESTIMATION FOR SAMPLE AUTOCOVARIANCES: DIRECT AND RESAMPLING APPROACHES

Summary The usual covariance estimates for data n-1 from a stationary zero-mean stochastic process {Xt} are the sample covariances Both direct and resampling approaches are used to estimate the variance of the sample covariances. This paper compares the performance of these variance estimates. Using a direct approach, we show that a consistent windowed periodogram estimate for the spectrum is more effective than using the periodogram itself. A frequency domain bootstrap for time series is proposed and analyzed, and we introduce a frequency domain version of the jackknife that is shown to be asymptotically unbiased and consistent for Gaussian processes. Monte Carlo techniques show that the time domain jackknife and subseries method cannot be recommended. For a Gaussian underlying series a direct approach using a smoothed periodogram is best; for a non-Gaussian series the frequency domain bootstrap appears preferable. For small samples, the bootstraps are dangerous: both the direct approach and frequency domain jackknife are better.
Nucleotide sequence of an alfalfa glutamine synthetase gene

One of the members of the small gene family encoding glutamine synthetase in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. Approximately full length cDNAs corresponding to the gene have also been cloned and their sequences determined. The gene is about 4 kb long, and consists of twelve exons (size range 37 to 159 bp) and eleven introns (size range 90 to 715 bp). The messenger RNA contains a 120 nucleotide 5′-untranslated region, a 1,071 nucleotide coding region, and a 210 nucleotide 3′-untranslated region. Several eukaryotic consensus transcription and processing signals are present in this plant gene: (1) a TATA box (TATAAATA) 25 bp 5′ to the putative transcription start site; (2) a potential polyadenylation signal (AATAATAA) 20 bp 5′ to the polyadenylation site; and (3) the terminal dinucleotides of the introns (5′-GT...AG-3′). Also the dinucleotide, CpG, is significantly underrepresented throughout the gene. The derived amino acid sequence predicts a relatively hydrophilic protein with a molecular weight of 39,215. Several regions of amino acid homology are apparent when this sequence is compared to the Anabaena and Chinese hamster glutamine synthetase sequences. Using data derived from the gene structure, the minimum size of a glutamine synthetase gene amplification unit in an l-phosphinothricin resistant alfalfa tissue culture line has been determined to be 35 kb.
Diagnosis, pathology, staging, treatment, and outcome of epithelial ovarian neoplasia in patients age < 21 years

BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian neoplasms are rare in patients under the age of 21 years. This is a report of a series of such patients documenting their presentation, histologic type, stage of disease, treatment, and outcome. METHODS Clinical findings, histology, stage, treatment, and outcomes of 19 patients with epithelial ovarian neoplasia are reported. All histology was rereviewed. RESULTS The median age at the time of diagnosis was 19.7 years (range, 14.1–21.8 years), and the median follow-up was 5.6 years (range, 0.2–19.5 years). The most common presenting symptom was dysmenorrhea (100%) followed by abdominal pain (68%), and the initial diagnosis usually was made ultrasonographically. There were nine (47%) serous tumors, 7 (37%) mucinous tumors, 2 (11%) small cell carcinomas, and 1 (5%) endometrioid carcinoma. Seventy-nine percent of tumors were unilateral, and 84% were low malignant potential or well differentiated tumors. Surgical treatment included unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 12 patients (63%), total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in 6 patients (32%), and ovarian cystectomy in 1 patient (5%). Fifteen patients (79%) had Stage I disease, and 4 patients (21%) had Stage III disease at the time of diagnosis. There were two deaths in this series, and both occurred in patients with small cell anaplastic carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial ovarian neoplasias are rare in patients in this age group but must be included in the differential diagnosis of an ovarian mass. Most patients present with Stage I tumors of low malignant potential. In these patients, good survival is achieved with unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and preservation of fertility. In contrast, small cell carcinomas are very aggressive, and patients with this variant require intensive therapy. Cancer 2001;91:2065–70. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Estimating effects of temperature and moisture on Cn 2 in the damp unstable boundary layer for visible, infrared, radio, and millimeter wavelengths

Data collected over barren and vegetated ground surfaces were used to obtain estimates of Cn2 for the damp unstable boundary layer. These data consisted of latent and sensible heat fluxes. Results from this study show that moisture effects on Cn2 can be larger than generally reported in the literature. Results presented emphasize the relative contributions of temperature and moisture to Cn2 for visible, infrared, radio, and millimeter wavelengths.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Phonon spectrum for barium ferrite.

We have shown in previous work that the calculation of the intrinsic ferrimagnetic (FMR) linewidth in barium ferrite on the basis of the Kasuya-LeCraw relaxation mechanism requires a knowledge of the magnon and phonon dispersion curves far from the center of the Brillouin zone. Therefore, in this article, we have calculated the full phonon spectrum for this crystal on the basis of the rigid-ion model in anticipation of future FMR-linewidth calculations. The short-range forces were approximated by the Born-Mayer potential, with parameters derived from compressibilities and effective radii of the constituent ions in binary divalent compounds exhibiting the NaCl structure and composed of ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{2+}$, ${\mathrm{O}}^{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$, and ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$. Our results are in good agreement with recent infrared-reflectivity data on barium ferrite in the frequency range of the magnon spectrum (the range needed for FMR-linewidth calculations). The extreme sensitivity of the lowest transverse-optic frequency to variation of one of the short-range repulsive parameters is indicative of possible soft-mode behavior. Experimental verification of this prediction would be possible by measuring the reflectivity of this material at various temperatures with the incident electric field parallel to the c axis of the crystal. We propose an explanation of the dynamics of the trigonal-site iron in barium ferrite based on our calculation.
Dynamic stress intensity factors in a two dimensional punch test

Abstract Stress intensity factors for side impacted plates and edge notched specimens are examined. The specimens are initially at rest and the projectile is rigid. Impact of the rigid projectile is modeled by a constant velocity condition on the impact surface. Three support geometries are considered for each specimen geometry: a free back surface, a fixed back surface, and a two dimensional punch. Friction stress is taken to be zero throughout the analysis. Analytical approximations for the stress intensity factor history are given for short times, while dynamic quarter point finite element solutions are included for longer times. The stress intensity factor is shown to increase with time due to wave reflection in the two dimensional punch and fixed back support geometries, while it decreases with time for the free back surface. The stress intensity factors in the plate specimen are also greater than those in the edge notched specimen in all tests. For applicability to manufacturing operations and increased chance of shear dominated failure, it is recommended that the two dimensional punch or fixed back surface geometries of the plate specimen be used in experimental studies.
The characterization and comparative analysis of high-molecular-weight glutenin genes from genomes A and B of a hexaploid bread wheat

Two high-molecular-weight subunit (HMWS) glutenin genes from the A and B genomes of the hexaploid bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. cv Cheyenne have been isolated and sequenced. Both of these genes are of the high Mr class (x-type) of HMW glutenins, and have not been previously reported. The entire set of six HMW genes from cultivar Cheyenne have now been isolated and characterized. An analysis of the Ax and Bx sequences shows that the Ax sequence is similar to the homoeologous gene from the D genome, while the Bx repeat structure is significantly different. The repetitive region of these proteins can be modelled as a series of interspersed copies of repeat modifs of 6, 9, and 15 amino acid residues. The evolution of these genes includes single-base substitutions over the entire coding region, plus insertion/deletions of single or blocks of repeats in the central repetitive domain.
Heat transfer in aggregative and particulate liquid-fluidized beds

Abstract Wall-to-bed heat transfer in liquid fluidized beds, particulately and aggregatively fluidized, was studied. Glass particles fluidized with water gave particulate fluidization and lead particles with water gave aggregative fluidization. Local heat transfer coefficients and bed temperature profiles were measured. Heat transfer coefficients were found to be strongly dependent on particle size and porosity and increased with increasing particle size, but were independent of the height of the heater surface from the grid. Any variations in local bed properties, such as porosity do not affect wall-to-bed heat transfer. The heat transfer coefficients show a characteristic, maximum at porosities near 0.7 for both systems. Bed temperature profiles deviate considerably from open-pipe values. A two-resistance model for the heat transfer resistance agrees well with the data. Bed resistance is modeled by a radial eddy diffusivity, which indicates the mixing effectiveness in the core of the bed. Glass beds (particulate) show a maximum mixing effectiveness at porosities near 0.7 and the mixing effectiveness increases with particle diameter. Lead beds (aggregative) show two maxima in mixing effectiveness, the first between porosities of 0.5 and 0.6, and the second between porosities of 0.7 and 0.8. Mixing is greatest at an intermediate particle size in the case of lead beds. In both systems the fraction of the total resistance in the bed core increases as porosity decreases towards packed bed conditions.
The Flexural Bifurcation Condition for a thin Plate Under Thrust

It is known that in certain problems in elasticity theory, the correction to the classical linear theory which results from taking account of the small but finite rotations of the material elements is of the same order of magnitude as that which results from taking account of the second-order elastic coefficients. This occurs notably in the problem of the torsion of a rod (see, for example, [1]). It is of interest to consider to what extent the second and higher order elastic coefficients influence the critical condition for a bifurcation solution to exist when a thin plate is subjected to thrust. In this note we aim to throw some light on this question from the results obtained in a previous paper [2] on the critical conditions for a bifurcation solution to exist when a plate of arbitrary thickness is subjected to thrust, by considering the limiting case when the thickness of the plate tends to zero.
Wastewater treatment and risk assessment in ocean outfall evaluations

Past evaluations of the success of wastewater treatment and submarine outfall placement and operation have considered only a limited number of parameters affecting the marine and onshore environments. Important questions regarding the best allocation of available funds have not been adequately addressed. The relative contamination of the sea from airborne and landwash contaminants has not been considered. Neither has the increased air pollution deriving from the energy required for advanced treatment. Similarly, regular epidemiological studies to evaluate actual changes in morbidity arising from drastic changes in treatment and disposal have not been made prior to very large committments of funds. Most importantly, little attention has been given to the relative ranking of all environmental risks within a catchment area. The net result is that, when all factors are considered, the very large expenditures and increased energy use for sanitary wastewater treatment and outfall disposal will have a net negative effect on the physical and societal environment. The City of Los Angeles and the Los Angeles Metropolitan area can be used to illustrate this probability.
Thermoreflectance of single crystal Gd

Abstract Thermoreflectance spectra for E∥c and E⊥c were measured on a Gd single crystal. The thermoconductance spectra, Δσ∥ and Δσt], are very anisotropic. The strong interband edge at about 0.5 eV is shown to arise from a transition to or from the Fermi level for E⊥c. For E∥c additional effects occur.