cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restoring the Edentulous Patient With Oromandibular Dystonia: Treatment Planning Considerations and a Review of the Current Literature

Oromandibulardystonia(OD),isconsideredararefocal neurological disorder that affects an individual’s lower facial muscles. Muscle groups affected by the disorder include the masticatory, tongue, and facial muscles. The documented prevalence of OD is 6.9 out of 100,000 individuals andoccurspredominantlyinwomenbetweenthe agesoffortytoseventyyears.Patientswhosufferfromthis disorder display involuntary, repetitive, and sustained spastic movements of these muscles. This results in parafunctional movements such as bruxing and clenching. OD patients often have painful opening, closing and deflecting of the mandible related to temprormandibular joint pain. In particular, those affected may be predisposed to earlyedentulism andocclusalalterationsthat mayworsen dystonic movements and contributeto temporomandibular joint disorder. This combination may present a challenging scenario for those rehabilitating the edentulous patient with OD. A PubMed literature search was conducted using the key phrases ‘‘oromandibular dystonia’’ and ‘‘oromandibular dystonia’’ + ‘‘implants.’’ Search results yielded many articles on OD in many different journals, but there was only one noted to document an OD patient restored with implants. We present a 45 year old female with early edentulism and severe atrophy of the maxilla and mandible. She had been previously diagnosed with OD and under the care of aN eurologist for several years. Prior to presentation, the patient had undergone reconstruction of the mandible with an implant supported overdenture with the ‘‘All on 4’’ technique. At that time, a new conventional maxillary complete denture was fabricated. Clinical and radiographic exam at our institution revealed mandibular implant and prosthetic failure. All of the mandibular implants were mobile with significant pain. A panographic radiograph revealed bone loss around all of the implants. Clinical exam also showed characteristic display of spastic jaw movements and tongue thrusting against the prosthesis. It was deduced that these parafunctional movements had likely contributed to the failure. The patient underwent removal of the implants under IV sedation. As her mandibular bone healed, she concurrently received Botox injections for the OD. The patient reported that her parafunctional habits improved after the Botox therapy. Intramuscular Botox
Bone and joint complications related to Gaucher disease

There is a broad spectrum of Gaucher disease-related skeletal complications, ranging from asymptomatic osteopenia to osteonecrosis (of the shoulders and hips) with secondary degenerative joint disease. Characterization of the pattern and severity of bone involvement in the individual patient requires the application of conventional and advanced radiographic techniques. The introduction of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for this inborn error of glycosphingolipid metabolism has focused great interest in determining the nature and extent of the bone responses with this mode of treatment. The multifactorial etiology of the bone complications necessitates a multifaceted approach, combining pharmacologic strategies with physical therapy and orthopedic intervention. As bone disease can lead to chronic pain and debility with a resultant adverse impact on quality of life, it is important that patients be monitored closely and that early intervention with ERT prior to established bone disease (infarction and fibrosis) be considered.
Phosphogenesis and weathering of shelf sediments from the southeastern United States: Implications for Miocene δ13C excursions and global cooling

The enormous phosphorite deposits of the southeastern United States indicate intense upwelling but contain small amounts of organic carbon. The authors propose that deposition of organic-rich sediment on continental shelves in the southeastern United States and elsewhere during marine transgressions in the late Oligocene and early to middle Miocene resulted in global positive {delta}{sup 13}C shifts and the formation of early diagenetic phosphorite. Multiple reworking and supergene weathering from subaerial exposure during Miocene marine regressions oxidized most of the organic carbon and resulted in the return of {delta}{sup 13}C to its preexcursion value. The estimated phosphorite content of the southeastern United States requires sufficient organic carbon burial (>10{sup 15} kg carbon) to support a 1{per thousand} {delta}{sup 13}C excursions, sea-level fluctuations, organic carbon burial, phosphogenic episodes, and possibly global cooling during the Cenozoic.
Okhotsk Sea Kashevarov Bank polynya: Its dependence on diurnal and fortnightly tides and its initial formation

Open water areas within the sea ice (polynyas) are sources of intense heat exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere. In this paper, we used microwave and visible/infrared satellite data together with a sea ice model to investigate the polynya opening mechanisms. The satellite data and the model show significant agreement and prove that tides play an active role in the polynya dynamics.
Topological-Metal to Band-Insulator Transition in (Bi 1-x In x ) 2 Se 3 Thin Films

By combining transport and photoemission measurements on $({\mathrm{Bi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{In}}_{x}{)}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ thin films, we report that this system transforms from a topologically nontrivial metal into a topologically trivial band insulator through three quantum phase transitions. At $x\ensuremath{\approx}3%--7%$, there is a transition from a topologically nontrivial metal to a trivial metal. At $x\ensuremath{\approx}15%$, the metal becomes a variable-range-hopping insulator. Finally, above $x\ensuremath{\approx}25%$, the system becomes a true band insulator with its resistance immeasurably large even at room temperature. This material provides a new venue to investigate topologically tunable physics and devices with seamless gating or tunneling insulators.
A three media transfer system for direct somatic embryogenesis from leaves of Senecio x hybridus Hyl. (Asteraceae)

Bisected leaves were cultured on semi-solid Murashige & Skoog medium amended with 13.5 μM 2,4-D and 4.5 μM BA for 7–14 days, transferred to 0.5% activated charcoal medium (without growth regulators) for three days, then transferred to MS basal medium. Control explants remained on initiation medium for comparison to transferred explants. Twenty-eight days after initiation of cultures, explants exposed to 11–14 days on induction medium yielded the largest number and most developmentally advanced embryos. Mature, white somatic embryos from transferred explants were visible after 35 days. Conversely, somatic embryos on control explants were not morphologically mature until 2–4 months. Mature embryos from transferred explants germinated without a resting stage, whereas embryos from control explants appeared quiescent. Histological examination confirmed embryo anatomy, however embryos, regardless of treatment, had abnormal cotyledons and regenerated plants had multiple stems.
Qualitative exploration of the acceptability of a mobile phone and pedometer-based physical activity program in a diverse sample of sedentary women.

Objectives The objectives of this paper were to explore the acceptability of components of a mobile phone/pedometer-based physical activity program and to understand motivators and barriers to increase physical activity in a diverse sample of sedentary women. Design and Sample Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted following a 3-week pilot mobile phone/pedometer-based physical activity intervention. Forty-one sedentary women participated in the study. Measures Subjects were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. A qualitative description method was used to thematically analyze the interviews. Two investigators reviewed the transcripts independently and identified codes based on the main concerns in the interview questions. Results Three themes emerged from qualitative data shedding light on the perceived acceptability and usefulness of a mobile phone/pedometer-based intervention: (1) Monitor me: mobile phone/pedometer as self-monitoring tools, (2) Motivate me: cycle of feedback in goal setting and usefulness/uselessness of daily random messages, (3) Mobilize me: engaging and adapting physical activity to fit one's own lifestyle. Conclusion Mobile phone and pedometer-based physical activity programs might be helpful in keeping sedentary women engaged and motivated to increase their physical activity. A randomized controlled trial of this intervention is warranted.
Optimization and evaluation of mixed-bed chemisorbents for extracting fission and activation products from marine and fresh waters.

Abstract Chemically selective chemisorbents are needed to monitor natural and engineered waters for anthropogenic releases of stable and radioactive contaminants. Here, a number of individual and mixtures of chemisorbents were investigated for their ability to extract select fission and activation product elements from marine and coastal waters, including Co, Zr, Ru, Ag, Te, Sb, Ba, Cs, Ce, Eu, Pa, Np, and Th. Conventional manganese oxide and cyanoferrate sorbents, including commercially available Anfezh and potassium hexacyanocobalt(II) ferrate(II) (KCFC), were tested along with novel nano-structured surfaces (known as Self Assembled Monolayers on Mesoporous Supports or SAMMS) functionalized with a variety of moieties including thiol, diphosphonic acid (DiPhos-), methyl-3,4 hydroxypyridinone (HOPO-), and cyanoferrate. Extraction efficiencies were measured as a function of salinity, organic content, temperature, flow rate and sample size for both synthetic and natural fresh and saline waters under a range of environmentally relevant conditions. The effect of flow rate on extraction efficiency, from 1 to 70 mL min −1 , provided some insight on rate limitations of mechanisms affecting sorption processes. Optimized mixtures of sorbent–ligand chemistries afforded excellent retention of all target elements, except, Ba and Sb. Mixtures of tested chemisorbents, including MnO 2 /Anfezh and MnO 2 /KCFC/Thiol (1–3 mm)-SAMMS, extracted 8 of the 11 target elements studied to better than 80% efficiency, while a mixture of MnO 2 /Anfezh/Thiol (75–150 μm)-SAMMS mixture was able to extract 7 of the 11 target elements to better than 90%. Results generated here indicate that flow rate should be less of a consideration for experimental design if sampling from fresh water containing variable amounts of DOM, rather than collecting samples from salt water environments. Relative to the capability of any single type of chemisorbent tested, optimized mixtures of several sorbents are able to increase the number of elements that can be efficiently and simultaneously extracted from natural waters.
“J” cut of sling for postoperative voiding dysfunction following synthetic midurethral slings

Introduction This study evaluates the efficacy of dividing the sling in a “J” fashion in the management of refractory voiding dysfunction with obstructive voiding symptoms after midurethral slings. The sling is cut at 9 or 3 o’clock position, such that a part of the sling posterior to the urethra is intact.
Minority-carrier accumulation at the base edge of a junction space-charge region under short-circuit conditions

Abstract A new boundary condition is derived for the base edge of a p n junction space-charge region of a solar cell subjected to short-circuit conditions. This condition is expressed as an effective surface recombination velocity for minority carriers which equals the ratio of the diffusion coefficient to the extrinsic Debye length. The same condition applies at the collector edge of a quasi-neutral base of a transistor in the forward active mode. The accumulation of minority carriers due to the finite value of the recombination velocity can affect transient responses especially in solar cells that are lightly doped or at low temperatures. Further, this accumulation and the associated space-charge-region recombination current can decrease the short-circuit current in some cells.
Baryonic excitations in nuclei

Extraction of the Δ magnetic moment in radiative πN scattering and of the Δ-nucleus interaction in π-nucleus reactions is discussed. The role of the Δ in low energy spin-isospin nuclear excitations is reviewed. The possible importance of higher nucleon excitations and quark degrees of freedom in large momentum electron scattering is discussed qualitatively.
Methylphenidate Therapy in Primary Alveolar Hypoventilation

Alveolar hypoventilation in patients with normal neuromuscular apparatus, chest bellows, and lung function is an infrequently described entity. Patients usually present with somnolence, lethargy, hypoxemia, hypercarbia and lack of dyspnea. The complications are life threatening, and previous modes of therapy have been largely unsatisfactory for longterm management. A 73-year-old woman, the oldest patient described with this disorder, manifested only transient response to parenteral ethamivan therapy but has been maintained with good response on oral methylphenidate.
Functional spectroscopy approach to the assessment of nitric oxide storage in vascular tissues

Much attention has been devoted to the enzymatic production of nitric oxide (NO) by the endothelial layer lining blood vessel walls, which regulates among other things local vasodilatation and platelet adhesion. Considerably less attention, however, has been paid to the accumulation of NO-related products in the vascular wall itself. Such local storage of NO products could conceivably contribute to the local regulation of blood flow and provide additional anti-adhesive protection, if biochemically activated to regenerate NO. Since little is known about their chemical nature, concentrations, and possible role in vascular biology we sought to characterize those species basally resent in rat aorta. To this end we developed a functional form of optical spectroscopy that allows us not only to identify NO-stores in intact tissues but also to monitor their production and disappearance in real-time. The method is based on the ability of NO stores to reversibly release NO when illuminated with light of particular wavelengths, which can be detected as a robust relaxation of vascular smooth muscle (photorelaxation). Characterization of NO-stores is achieved through a careful assessment of photorelaxation action spectra, taking into account the light scattering properties of the tissue, and of depletion of the NO-stores induced by exposure to controlled levels of light. This functional form of optical spectroscopy is applied to rat aortic tissue where the results suggest that the NO photolytically released from tissue stores originated from a low-molecular-weight RSNO as well as from nitrite. The significance of these findings to vascular physiology and pathophysiology is discussed.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Chemotactic response of mouse macrophages to culture fluids from mitogen-stimulated spleen cells.

Abstract Supernatant culture fluids of mitogen-stimulated mouse spleen cell cultures were chemotactic for peritoneal macrophages in vitro. T-lymphocyte stimulants (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen) induced chemotactic activity above that detected in unstimulated spleen cell cultures from normal but not thymusdeficient nude mice. Under identical culture conditions, the B-lymphocyte mitogen, lipopolysaccharide, failed to induce detectable levels of chemotactic activity. Mouse lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor (LDCF) production was dissociated from lymphocyte proliferative responses and required serum in culture, functional T lymphocytes, and high concentrations of mitogen. Mouse LDCF differed from previously described chemotactic lymphokines from other species.
Versatile dual focal plane imaging radiometer

The Space Dynamics Laboratory at Utah State University built an infrared imaging radiometer with dual, large-format detector arrays and a passively cooled telescope for low earth orbit. The confocal detector arrays include a 128 X 128 HgCdTe array operating from 4.5 to 7.5 micrometers and a 256 X 256 InSb array operating from 2.0 to 4.5 micrometers . These arrays yield simultaneous dual-band images. A 13 cm aperture, passively cooled telescope with single- axis scan mirror gives high system sensitivity, excellent image quality, and precision tracking of targets and backgrounds without the usual complexity of cooled optics. High speed cryogenic filter wheels with 6 to 8 filters per detector provide for rapid band selection. A modular cooling system allows the detector arrays and filters to be cooled using either a mechanical cryocooler or a solid cryogen cryostat depending on mission requirements. An on-board calibration source performs pixel-to-pixel uniformity correction on- orbit.
Rates of Microbially Mediated Arsenate Reduction and Solubilization

Reduction of arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite[As(III)] influences the mobility and toxicity of arsenic (As), yet the mechanisms controlling the rate of reduction in soils and natural waters are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to determine processes affecting reduction rates of both aqueous and sorbed phase As(V). Reduction experiments were conducted anaerobically in serum bottles with a range of glucose and As(V) concentrations. Serum bottles were inoculated with microorganisms extracted directly from an agricultural soil having naturally elevated concentrations of As (unenriched population), or with a pure culture isolate obtained from the same soil after enrichment for As(V) reduction. At As(V) concentrations ranging from 6 to 600 μM, the rate of As(V) reduction by the soil isolate was first order with respect to both As(V) concentration and microbial biomass. Reduction rates of As(V) with the soil isolate were 2 toll) fold greater than in the unenriched population, suggesting As(V) reducers represented only a subset of the unenriched population. Compiled data indicated that the pure culture isolate was fermenting glucose, and potentially reducing As(V) as a detoxification mechanism. In a parallel study, reduction rates of As(V) with the unenriched population were evaluated in the presence of goethite or ferrihydrite. When redox potential decreased from 500 to near 0 mV, aqueous As concentrations decreased by approximately 30% in a goethite suspension with a high As surface coverage, yet increased by seven fold in a goethite suspension with a low As surface coverage. In a ferrihydrite suspension, aqueous As concentrations during reduction increased approximately 100 fold faster than in a goethite suspension at similar initial aqueous As(V) concentrations, corresponding to differences in Fe oxide surface areas and reductive dissolution rates. The results indicate that rates of As mobilization during reduction in soils are highly dependent on oxide surface area and As surface coverage.
Fuzzy Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin Method for Analysis of Imprecisely Defined Systems

Many engineering systems contain uncertainties that cannot be described by either deterministic or probabilistic approaches. For example, the geometry, material properties, external actions (loads), and boundary conditions may be imprecise in a practical mechanical or structural system. The uncertainties present may be associated with parameters that are vague, imprecise, or linguistic. A fuzzy meshless local Petrov-Galerkin approach is developed in this work for the analysis of imprecisely defined systems. Starting from the basic concepts of fuzzy sets, fuzzy arithmetic, and fuzzy calculus (differentiation and integration) the various steps of the meshless local Petrov-Galerkin approach involved in the derivation of the equations are redefined using fuzzy concepts. The resulting fuzzy equations are derived using a fuzzy version of Gaussian elimination procedure coupled with truncation. A one-dimensional heat-transfer problem involving conduction, convection, and radiation with vaguely defined thermal pro...
Diapycnal flow through the Georges Bank tidal front : A dye tracer study

A fluorescent dye tracer, Fluorescein, injected into the bottom mixed layer at the seaward edge of the tidal front on Georges Bank has provided the first quantitative measurement of an on-bank diapycnal Lagrangian flow through the front. From the warming of the dye patch, 2.5 × 10−6 °C/s and 7.8 × 10−6 °C/s on the south flank and northeast peak respectively, as it passed through the frontal temperature gradient we infer an on-bank flow of 1.9 cm/s on the south flank and 3.2 cm/s on the northeast peak. The heat flux required for this warming is predominantly due to vertical mixing within the tidal front. These observations further demonstrate the utility of direct Lagrangian measurements and provide quantitative estimates of the cross-frontal exchange on Georges Bank, the focus of the U.S GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank Phase III program.
Fundamentals of microfluidic cell culture in controlled microenvironments

Microfluidics has the potential to revolutionize the way we approach cell biology research. The dimensions of microfluidic channels are well suited to the physical scale of biological cells, and the many advantages of microfluidics make it an attractive platform for new techniques in biology. One of the key benefits of microfluidics for basic biology is the ability to control parameters of the cell microenvironment at relevant length and time scales. Considerable progress has been made in the design and use of novel microfluidic devices for culturing cells and for subsequent treatment and analysis. With the recent pace of scientific discovery, it is becoming increasingly important to evaluate existing tools and techniques, and to synthesize fundamental concepts that would further improve the efficiency of biological research at the microscale. This tutorial review integrates fundamental principles from cell biology and local microenvironments with cell culture techniques and concepts in microfluidics. Culturing cells in microscale environments requires knowledge of multiple disciplines including physics, biochemistry, and engineering. We discuss basic concepts related to the physical and biochemical microenvironments of the cell, physicochemical properties of that microenvironment, cell culture techniques, and practical knowledge of microfluidic device design and operation. We also discuss the most recent advances in microfluidic cell culture and their implications on the future of the field. The goal is to guide new and interested researchers to the important areas and challenges facing the scientific community as we strive toward full integration of microfluidics with biology.
Fundamentals of environmental chemistry

Introduction to Chemistry and Green Chemistry Matter and Materials Atoms and Elements Chemical Bonds, Molecules, and Compounds Chemical Reactions, Equations, and Stoichiometry Acids, Bases, and Salts Solutions and Solvents Chemistry and Electricity Organic Chemistry Biological Chemistry Water and the Hydrosphere Environmental Chemistry and Pollution of the Hydrosphere Sustaining the Hydrosphere: Keeping Water Green The Atmosphere: A Protective Blanket Around Us Atmospheric Chemistry Blue Skies for a Green Earth The Geosphere and Geochemistry Soil, Agriculture, and Food Production Sustaining the Geosphere The Biosphere and Biospeheric Resource Toxicological Chemistry The Anthrosphere and Technology Green Chemistry and Industrial Ecology The Anthrosphere and Wastes Green Chemistry and Industrial Ecology in Waste Management Sustainable Energy: The Key to Everything Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry Environmental and Xenobiotics Analysis Literature Cited Supplementary References Questions and Problems Index
Fast Eigenspace Decomposition of Images of Objects With Variation in Illumination and Pose

Many appearance-based classification problems such as principal component analysis, linear discriminant analysis, and locally preserving projections involve computing the principal components (eigenspace) of a large set of images. Although the online expense associated with appearance-based techniques is small, the offline computational burden becomes prohibitive for practical applications. This paper presents a method to reduce the expense of computing the eigenspace decomposition of a set of images when variations in both illumination and pose are present. In particular, it is shown that the set of images of an object under a wide range of illumination conditions and a fixed pose can be significantly reduced by projecting these data onto a few low-frequency spherical harmonics, producing a set of “harmonic images.” It is then shown that the dimensionality of the set of harmonic images at different poses can be further reduced by utilizing the fast Fourier transform. An eigenspace decomposition is then applied in the spectral domain at a much lower dimension, thereby significantly reducing the computational expense. An analysis is also provided, showing that the principal eigenimages computed assuming a single illumination source are capable of recovering a significant amount of information from images of objects when multiple illumination sources exist.
Serum Resistance-Associated Protein Blocks Lysosomal Targeting of Trypanosome Lytic Factor in Trypanosoma brucei

Trypanosoma brucei brucei is the causative agent of nagana in cattle and can infect a wide range of mammals but is unable to infect humans because it is susceptible to the innate cytotoxic activity of normal human serum. A minor subfraction of human high-density lipoprotein (HDL) containing apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apolipoprotein L-I (apoL-I), and haptoglobin-related protein (Hpr) provides this innate protection against T. b. brucei infection. This HDL subfraction, called trypanosome lytic factor (TLF), kills T. b. brucei following receptor binding, endocytosis, and lysosomal localization. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, which is morphologically and physiologically indistinguishable from T. b. brucei, is resistant to TLF-mediated killing and causes human African sleeping sickness. Human infectivity by T. b. rhodesiense correlates with the evolution of a resistance-associated protein (SRA) that is able to ablate TLF killing. To examine the mechanism of TLF resistance, we transfected T. b. brucei with an epitope-tagged SRA gene. Transfected T. b. brucei expressed SRA mRNA at levels comparable to those in T. b. rhodesiense and was highly resistant to TLF. In the SRA-transfected cells, intracellular trafficking of TLF was altered, with TLF being mainly localized to a subset of SRA-containing cytoplasmic vesicles but not to the lysosome. These results indicate that the cellular distribution of TLF is influenced by SRA expression and may directly determine the organism's susceptibility to TLF.
Diversity patterns and biostratigraphy of Cenozoic echinoderms from Florida

Abstract Fossil echinoderms are an important faunal component in Cenozoic rocks of Florida and the southeastern Coastal Plain of the USA, that provide useful information regarding diversity patterns and paleoecology for the formations in which they were deposited. The research presented in this paper significantly improves what is known about the stratigraphic distribution and diversity patterns of echinoids, comatulid crinoids, asteroids, and ophiuroids from the Middle Eocene through Pleistocene strata of Florida. Biostratigraphic distribution of echinoderms, specifically the echinoids, has not been synthesized on a large scale for many years, and the first compilation of these taxa from the state is provided in this study. Echinoderms now are known from 25 formations that are exposed throughout the state. The echinoids are better documented and described than the other classes of echinoderms, yet even the echinoids were poorly known from some epochs, most notably the Miocene. Previously published information showed echinoid diversity decreasing significantly from the Eocene into the Oligocene, and continuing to decline into the Miocene. Our research shows the echinoid diversity does not drop from the Oligocene into the Miocene, but instead increases by at least five species. This marked change in alpha diversity during the Miocene is a result of careful examination of smaller size fractions of sediments, which contained fragmented components of echinoids such as test plates and spines, and the diligent collecting of moldic samples, which produced additional taxonomic and stratigraphic records. The record of other echinoderms is still poor, but fine-fraction sediments also have produced disarticulated ossicles of crinoids, asteroids, and ophiuroids from several formations that had no previous record of such echinoderms. The diversity pattern of echinoderms from Florida is a reflection of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect (in varying degrees) the echinoderm-bearing formations from the Paleogene through the Neogene. One of the most influential appears to be collector bias against recovering incomplete echinoderms. Many of the new species or new records of taxa from stratigraphic units in the state are based on fossils that are poorly preserved or incomplete. Other biases include over-splitting of taxonomic groups, stratigraphic unit revisions, taphonomy, and preservation potential variation in carbonate versus siliciclastic environments. Significant refinement of the echinoderm biostratigraphy and diversity patterns has occurred due to detailed examination of field samples, museum collections, and literature reviews, as well as accounting for biases inherent in the fossil record of Florida.
Field of view and base of support width influence postural responses to visual stimuli during quiet stance

We explored the destabilizing effect of visual field motion as the base of support (BOS) and the field of view (FOV) were narrowed. Visual field motion was achieved using an immersive virtual environment (scene) that moved realistically with head motion (natural motion) and translated sinusoidally at 0.1 Hz in the fore-aft direction (augmented motion). Natural motion was presented in stereo while augmented motion was presented in both stereo and non-stereo. Subjects viewed scene motion under wide (90° and 55° in the horizontal and vertical directions) and narrow (25° in both directions) FOV conditions while standing flatfooted (100% BOS) and on two blocks (45% and 35% BOS). Head and whole body center of mass (COM) and ankle angle root mean square (RMS) were determined as were head, whole body, and shank COM FFTs. During natural motion, the primary effect emerged in the head RMS which was significantly smaller with a 35% BOS and the wide FOV compared to the narrow FOV. However, the primary effect of augmented motion emerged in the power analysis of head and whole body COM which significantly increased with the wide FOV for a 35% BOS compared to 100% BOS. Statistical analysis indicated an effect of BOS on depth perception for head and whole body RMS; however, post hoc comparisons revealed no significant differences between stereo and non-stereo augmented motion. We conclude that reducing the BOS increased reliance on peripheral visual information to stabilize the head in space even when the augmented visual motion promoted postural instability.
Spatial Organization of the Mouse Genome and Its Role in Recurrent Chromosomal Translocations

The extent to which the three-dimensional organization of the genome contributes to chromosomal translocations is an important question in cancer genomics. We generated a high-resolution Hi-C spatial organization map of the G1-arrested mouse pro-B cell genome and used high-throughput genome-wide translocation sequencing to map translocations from target DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) within it. RAG endonuclease-cleaved antigen-receptor loci are dominant translocation partners for target DSBs regardless of genomic position, reflecting high-frequency DSBs at these loci and their colocalization in a fraction of cells. To directly assess spatial proximity contributions, we normalized genomic DSBs via ionizing radiation. Under these conditions, translocations were highly enriched in cis along single chromosomes containing target DSBs and within other chromosomes and subchromosomal domains in a manner directly related to pre-existing spatial proximity. By combining two high-throughput genomic methods in a genetically tractable system, we provide a new lens for viewing cancer genomes.
Wait-Time and Rewards as Instructional Variables, Their Influence on Language, Logic, and Fate Control: Part One--Wait-Time.

Cet article a ete reconnu par la communaute de chercheurs comme etant un des articles les plus importants jamais publies dans ce periodique. L'auteur y traite d'un element qu'elle nomme wait-time et qui correspond au temps d'attente entre le moment ou l'enseignant cesse de parler et celui ou l'eleve repond ou celui ou l'enseignant reprend la parole. Cette theorie presenta une utilite pour tous les enseignants, toutes disciplines confondues et a tous les niveaux de l'education.
Accounting for Changing Prices: The Value Relevance of Historical Cost, Price Level, and Replacement Cost Accounting in Mexico

This paper investigates the value relevance of historical cost, price level and replacement cost accounting using a sample of Mexican firms from 1989 to 1995. It contributes to prior research by distinguishing between two distinct aspects of changing prices:(1) the change in the general price level, and (2) the change in the value of specific non-monetary assets. I select Mexico to examine because it is unique in requiring and disclosing separately price level and replacement cost adjustments. A sample of Mexican firms also addresses a key reason cited for mixed results in previous assessments of the usefulness of price level and replacement cost accounting using United States data: the effects of inflation are too weak to detect. High rates of inflation in Mexico, ranging between 7% and 52% during the sample period, mitigate that potential problem. Results indicate that replacement cost adjustments are relatively and incrementally relevant beyond historical cost and price level measures while price level adjustments are incrementally value relevant beyond historical measures.
Clinical Implications of HIV-1 Minority Variants

Technologic advances in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequencing have revolutionized the study of antiretroviral drug resistance and are increasingly moving from the laboratory to clinical practice. These techniques are able to detect HIV-1 drug resistance mutations present at low frequencies not detectable by current HIV-1 genotyping assays. For a number of commonly used antiretroviral medications, such as nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, the detection of these drug-resistant minority variants significantly increases the risk of treatment failure. The level of evidence, however, is insufficient to determine the impact of HIV-1 minority variants for several other classes of antiretroviral medications. Clinicians should be aware of the novel technologies that are moving into routine clinical use and the clinical implications of HIV-1 minority variants. Additional studies are needed to determine the optimal platform for clinical application of these new technologies and to provide guidance to clinicians on the type and frequency of clinically important HIV-1 minority variants.
Intermanual transfer of procedural learning after extended practice of probabilistic sequences

Previous studies using simple, repeating patterns have suggested that the knowledge gained in early sequence learning is not effector-specific in that it transfers to muscle groups other than those used during training. The current experiments extended these findings to transfer after extensive practice with probabilistic sequences using a task on which people fail to gain declarative knowledge of the regularity. Specifically, an alternating serial reaction time (ASRT) task was used in which predictable and unpredictable trials alternated. Participants responded for the first five sessions using their right hand, then switched to the left hand for the sixth session. Stimuli were spatial in the first experiment and nonspatial in the second. Significant near-perfect transfer of pattern knowledge was seen in both experiments, suggesting that muscle-specific information for either the fingers or the eyes cannot explain the observed learning.
An Abbreviated Screening Instrument for Autism Spectrum Disorders

The reliability and validity of the Parent's Observations of Social Interactions (POSI), a new, seven-item screening instrument for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), is examined in two substudies. In Study 1, parents of 217 children (18–48 months) evaluated at a developmental clinic completed intake questionnaires that included the POSI and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) checklist. POSI and M-CHAT scores were compared to clinical evaluation results to assess reliability and validity. In Study 2, parents of 232 children (16–36 months) from both primary care and subspecialty settings completed the POSI, the M-CHAT, and a report of their child's diagnoses. POSI and M-CHAT scores were compared to reported diagnoses to assess reliability and validity. In both studies, the POSI demonstrated adequate internal reliability (Cronbach α = 0.83 and 0.86, respectively). In Study 1, POSI sensitivity (89%) was higher than that for the M-CHAT (71%; p < .05); specificities were not significantly different (POSI: 54%, M-CHAT: 62%). In Study 2, sensitivity (83%) compared favorably to that for the M-CHAT (50%), although specificity was lower (75 vs. 84%). Despite its brevity, the POSI demonstrated good internal reliability and comparable sensitivity/specificity to the M-CHAT checklist in two independent populations. If results are reproduced in larger, more diverse samples, the POSI may provide an efficient method for ASD screening in young children.
Synthesis of speech from unrestricted text

For many applications, it is desirable to be able to convert arbitrary English text to natural and intelligible sounding speech. This transformation between two surface forms is facilitated by first obtaining the common underlying abstract linguistic representation which relates to both text and speech surface representations. Calculation of these abstract bases then permits proper selection of phonetic segments, lexical stress, juncture, and sentence-level stress and intonation. The resulting system serves as a model for the cognitive process of reading aloud, and also as a stable practical means for providing speech output in a broad class of computer-based systems.
Unique temperature profiles for the atmosphere below an observer from sunset images

We were able to transform the usual refraction equations for an observer within a spherically symmetric atmosphere into an Abel integral equation that has a unique inverse. It is now possible to extract accurate temperature profiles of the atmosphere below an observer over the marine boundary layer with use of simple edge-finding software on solar images at sunset. Several examples are presented demonstrating the efficiency of the method.
A laser flash photolysis study of magnetic field effects in photoinduced electron transfer between Ru (bpy)2+3 and N,N′-dimethylviologen in micellar solutions

Abstract The kinetics of electron transfer between photoexcited Ru(bpy) 2+ 3 and N,N′-dimethylviologen (MV 2+ ) have been studied by means of laser flash photolysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium laurate (SL) micelles. The decay of photoexcited Ru(bpy) 2+ 3 follows first-order kinetics with k obs ∼ 10 6 –10 7 s −1 , and dependences of k obs versus surfactant and quencher concentrations were obtained. Analysis of the data showed that the quenching is mainly intramicellar. Although SDS solutions shows no escape of the radicals MV + and Ru(bpy) 3+ 3 from the micelles, for solutions of SL micelles an escape value Φ es ∼ 0.08 was determined. The dependences of Φ es on the concentration of SL and SDS show a drop in the vicinity of the cmc. Radical MV + is not incorporated into the SL micelles. An increase of Φ es in the SL micelles up to 20–25% was observed under application of an external magnetic field ( B = 0.2–0.47 T) during steady-state irradiation and laser flash photolysis studies. The magnetic field effect is mainly described according to a hyperfine coupling mechanism. Geminate recombination kinetics of the pair 3 [MV + Ru(bpy) 3+ 3 ] was observed in both SDS and SL micelles. Pertinent kinetic analyses were made and the requirements for geminate recombination kinetics observations were discussed.
Design and Performance of a Solar Photobioreactor Utilizing Spatial Light Dilution

A photobioreactor with an optical system that spatially dilutes solar photosynthetic active radiation has been designed, built, and tested at the Utah State University Biofuels Center. This photobioreactor could be used to produce microalgal biomass for a number of purposes, such as feedstock for an energy conversion process, or high-value products, such as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. In addition, the reactor could be used to perform services such as removing nitrates, phosphates, and other contaminants from waste water, as well as scrubbing toxic gases and carbon dioxide from flue gas. Preliminary tests were performed that compared growth and productivity kinetics of this reactor with that of a control reactor without spatial light-dilution. Tests indicated higher specific growth rates and higher areal and volumetric yields compared with the control reactor. The maximum specific growth rate, volumetric yield, and areal yield were 0.21 day ―1 , 0.059 gm l ―1 day ―1 , and 15 gm m ―2 day ―1 , respectively. Over 10 days of sequential-batch operation, the prototype photobioreactor converted direct-normal solar energy to energy stored in biomass at an average efficiency of 1 %. The areal productivity, as mass per aperture per time, was three times higher than that of the control reactor, indicating the photobioreactor design investigated holds promise.
Early experience with the snorkel technique for juxtarenal aneurysms

Objective The lack of readily available branched and fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) options has created an opportunity for creative deployment of endograft components to treat juxtarenal aneurysms. We present our early experience with "snorkel" or "chimney" techniques in the endovascular management of complex aortic aneurysms. Methods We retrospectively reviewed planned snorkel procedures for juxtarenal aneurysms performed from September 2009 to August 2011. Our standardized technique included axillary or brachial cutdown for delivery of covered snorkel stents and mostly percutaneous femoral access for the main body endograft. Results Fifty-six snorkel grafts were successfully placed in 28 consecutive patients (mean age, 75 years) with juxtarenal aneurysms. Mean aneurysm size was 64.8 mm (range, 53-87 mm). The snorkel configuration extended the proximal seal zone from an unsuitable infrarenal neck for standard EVAR (median diameter, 33.5 mm; length, 0.0 mm) to a median neck diameter of 24.5 mm and length of 18.0 mm. Five patients had unilateral renal snorkels, 17 had bilateral renal snorkels, and six had celiac/superior mesenteric artery/renal combinations. Technical success of snorkel placements was 98.2%, with loss of wire access leading to one renal stent deployment failure. Thirty-day mortality was 7.1%: one patient was readmitted 1 week postoperatively with pneumonia and died of sepsis; one patient died at 1 week of a right hemispheric stroke. Other major complications included perinephric hematomas, 7.1%; permanent hemodialysis, 3.6%; iliac artery injury requiring endoconduit placement, 3.6%; and brachial plexus nerve injury, 3.6%. Cardiac complications included self-limited arrhythmias (14.3%) and one non-Q-wave myocardial infarction (3.6%), with all recovering without coronary intervention. Mean follow-up was 10.7 months (range, 3-25 months). One patient died of nonaneurysmal-related causes at 3 months (89.3% survival). Postoperative imaging revealed one renal snorkel graft occlusion occurring at 3 months (98.2% overall primary patency). Seven (25%) early endoleaks were noted on the first follow-up computed tomography angiography: two type I, three type II, and two type III (25%), leading to one secondary intervention (3.6%) with bridging cuff placement (type III). The small type Ia endoleaks and other type III endoleak resolved at the 6-month scan. Mean sac regression at the latest follow-up was 7.3 mm. No aneurysm has enlarged on postoperative imaging. Conclusions Early success with the snorkel technique for juxtarenal aneurysms has made it our procedure of choice for complex short-neck to no-neck EVAR. Although long-term follow-up is needed, the flexibility of the snorkel technique and lack of requirement for custom-built devices may make this approach more attractive than branched or fenestrated stent grafts.
L’érotique du traduire

L’erotique du traduire envisage la volupte, ou le vif plaisir des sens, et l’attirance du corps traduisant pour les attributs du corps textuel au nombre des motifs de la traduction. Il s’agit d’elargir la conceptualisation de la traduction comme processus essentiellement ideel et d’investir le corps traduisant de ses facultes sensibles. Tributaire de la caresse levinassienne, l’erotique du traduire ecarte le rapport unilateral du sujet-traducteur a l’objet-texte et inscrit la traduction dans l’interrelation des corps. Egalement moteur de subversion, l’erotique veut sortir la traduction de la finalite, de la rationalite et de la culpabilite.
A 3-D prognostic numerical model study of the Georges bank ecosystem. Part II: biological–physical model

Abstract A three-dimensional ecosystem-physical model is presented for the Gulf of Maine (GOM), including Georges Bank (GB) and the Nantucket Shoals (NS). The coupling of a simple nutrient-phytoplankton–zooplankton model to a detailed physical model forced by the M 2 tides generated patterns of plankton and nutrients that agreed closely with data. High phytoplankton biomass developed in regions of strong vertical mixing, particularly on GB and the eastern flank of the NS. Low concentrations were seen in the GOM, where a subsurface chlorophyll maximum developed at 20 m, coincident with the top of the nutricline. High surface phytoplankton concentrations in the GOM, and low concentrations on the top of GB led us to reject several parameterizations of the biological model. A horizontally dependent euphotic depth was required for an accurate simulation of GB and the GOM with a single biological parameter set. High f -ratios developed in the frontal regions, implying a vertical flux of nutrients from below the euphotic zone. Biological patterns were dominated by vertical mixing induced by the tidal forcing, though removing advection from the simulations led to a decrease in the regions of high f -ratio. A surprising feature of the model was the robustness of the simulated patterns of phytoplankton and nutrients, in spite of large changes in biological parameters and the removal of advection from the model. This reinforces the hypothesis of the overall dominance of vertical mixing in structuring the plankton in and around GB.
Staphylococcus aureus in the lesions of atopic dermatitis

SUMMARY Quantitative aerobic cultures were obtained from fifty patients with chronic plaques, and from twenty with exudative lesions of atopic dermatitis. In the former, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 90% and the density exceeded 1 × 106/cm2 in 45% of the samples. In the exudative form, Staph. aureus was recovered in every case with a mean density of 14 × 106 organisms per cm2. Staph. aureus was the dominant organism not only in the lesions but in nearby clinically normal skin. Despite these high numbers, clinical signs of infection were lacking. Systemic and topical antibiotic therapy pro-duced a profound decrease in Staph. aureus density. It is proposed that high numbers of Staph. aureus may aggravate the underlying lesion and be the source of Staph. aureus infections in contacts.