cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How anxiety and growth mindset are linked to navigation ability: Impacts of exploration and GPS use

Abstract There are large individual differences in navigation ability, but we know little about the causes of these differences. Here, we examine how motivational and emotional dispositions affect every-day navigation and in turn influence navigation ability. We developed three new self-report surveys, measuring growth mindset in regard to navigation ability, tendency to explore new places, and tendency to rely on Global Positioning Systems (GPS) during navigation. In Study 1 (N = 123) we developed initial measures and in Study 2 (N = 150) we refined these measures and developed mediation models to test how motivational and emotional dispositions affect human navigation. Findings indicated that people with low spatial anxiety tend to explore their environments more and rely less on GPS during navigation. Moreover, these navigation behaviors partially mediate the relationship between anxiety and self-reported navigation ability. Growth mindset in navigation ability (a belief that one's navigation ability can be improved) explains a unique portion of variance in self-reported navigation ability, suggesting that growth mindset may motivate people to seek out navigation challenges and train themselves to be more effective navigators in daily life. This study paves a new path for understanding how motivational and emotional dispositions affect the development of navigation ability and provides insights for future navigation training programs. The new self-report surveys and a revised Spatial Anxiety Survey are available on the Open Science Framework website.
Changes in Nkx2.1, Sox2, Bmp4, and Bmp16 expression underlying the lung‐to‐gas bladder evolutionary transition in ray‐finned fishes

The key to understanding the evolutionary origin and modification of phenotypic traits is revealing the responsible underlying developmental genetic mechanisms. An important organismal trait of ray-finned fishes is the gas bladder, an air-filled organ that, in most fishes, functions for buoyancy control, and is homologous to the lungs of lobe-finned fishes. The critical morphological difference between lungs and gas bladders, which otherwise share many characteristics, is the general direction of budding during development. Lungs bud ventrally and the gas bladder buds dorsally from the anterior foregut. We investigated the genetic underpinnings of this ventral-to-dorsal shift in budding direction by studying the expression patterns of known lung genes (Nkx2.1, Sox2, and Bmp4) during the development of lungs or gas bladder in three fishes: bichir, bowfin, and zebrafish. Nkx2.1 and Sox2 show reciprocal dorsoventral expression patterns during tetrapod lung development and are important regulators of lung budding; their expression during bichir lung development is conserved. Surprisingly, we find during gas bladder development, Nkx2.1 and Sox2 expression are inconsistent with the hypothesis that they regulate the direction of gas bladder budding. Bmp4 is expressed ventrally during lung development in bichir, akin to the pattern during mouse lung development. During gas bladder development, Bmp4 is not expressed. However, Bmp16, a paralogue of Bmp4, is expressed dorsally in the developing gas bladder of bowfin. Bmp16 is present in the known genomes of Actinopteri (ray-finned fishes excluding bichir) but absent from mammalian genomes. We hypothesize that Bmp16 was recruited to regulate gas bladder development in the Actinopteri in place of Bmp4.
A National Cancer Database (NCDB) analysis of the impact of nonmetastatic colon cancer sidedness on survival.

139Background: Differences in embryological origin and tumor biology distinguish right-sided colon cancer (RCC) from left-sided colon cancer (LCC). Previous studies characterizing the prognostic im...
Benefits of Optimum Pain Control in the Ambulatory Surgery Centers

Ambulatory surgeries are procedures that are elective and scheduled in advance and do not require overnight stays. In the United States, over 70% of surgeries are categorized as ambulatory surgery and are performed in ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). Optimal pain control is paramount for these surgeries to ensure timely discharge and comfort at home. Data from recent studies suggest that a large portion of patients suffer from moderate to severe pain after discharge with many unintended consequences such as altered physiology, poor health-related quality of life, avoidable readmissions, and development of chronic pain. It is important for providers taking care of these patients to be knowledgeable about analgesic options after surgeries in ASC setting. Presently, options include acetaminophen, both selective and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, weak opioids, and various regional techniques. With advancement in catheter and pump technology, continuous infusion is becoming another option for pain control at home.
Nanoscale Strategies to Enhance the Energy Storage Capacity of Polymeric Dielectric Capacitors: Review of Recent Advances

This review provides a detailed overview of the latest developments using nanoscale strategies in the field of polymeric and polymer nanocomposite materials for emerging dielectric capacitor-based ...
Genes Relevant to Tissue Response to Cancer Therapy Display Diurnal Variation in mRNA Expression in Human Oral Mucosa.

Background To address a critical gap for application of cancer chronotherapy of when would be the best time(s) for treating an individual cancer patient, we conducted a pilot study to characterize diurnal variations of gene expression in oral mucosal tissue, which is vulnerable to damage from cancer therapies. Methods We conducted RNA-seq assay on individual oral mucosal samples collected from 11 healthy volunteers every 4 hours (6 time points). Using a cosine-based method, we estimated the individual and average values of peak-time and amplitude for each gene. Correlations between gene expression peak-times and age was examined, adjusting for individual's sleep timing. Results Among candidate gene pathways that are relevant to treatment response, 7 of 16 genes (PER3, CIART, TEF, PER1, PER2, CRY2, ARNTL) involved in circadian regulation and 1 of 118 genes (WEE1) involved in cell cycle regulation achieved p-value ≤ 0.1 and relative amplitude>0.1. The average peak times were approximately 10:15 for PER3, CIART and TEF, 10:45 for PER1, 13:00 for WEE1, PER2 and CRY2, and 19:30 for ARNTL. Ranges in peak times across individuals differed by gene (e.g., 8 hours for PER1; 16.7 hours for WEE1). Older people had later peak times for PER1 (r = 0.77, p = 0.03) and PER3 (r = 0.69, p-value = 0.06). Conclusion In oral mucosa, expression of some genes relevant to treatment response displayed diurnal variation. These genes may be candidates for development of biomarkers for optimizing individual timing of cancer therapy using non-invasively collected oral mucosa.
Preoperative Molecular Testing of Thyroid Nodules: Current Concepts

Robust molecular testing is commercially available for adjuvant assessment of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. Testing has been developed and optimized for fine needle aspiration biopsy collections of thyroid nodules typically under ultrasound evaluation. These assays use a combination of gene expression and/or DNA and RNA assessments for molecular alterations to stratify indeterminate thyroid nodules as benign with risk level similar to benign cytologic read or suspicious with increased risk of malignancy. Guidelines for when to consider adjuvant molecular testing will be discussed.
Ritual and Revolution: Artemis Eukleia and the Union of Corinth and Argos Revisited

This article reexamines the vexed issue of the political unification of Corinth and Argos during the Corinthian war. It proposes that the discussion can be advanced by contextualizing the temporary union within both the immediate revolutionary setting at the Corinthian Eukleia festival and the wider background of Argive expansionism. Three principal arguments are made. 1) The revolutionary dynamic of the festival is best viewed as a means of mobilizing the pro-Argive faction and the Corinthian dēmos around the symbolism of the Eukleia cult. 2) Understanding the ideological apparatus of the revolutionary party sheds light on its participants, the chronology, and the nature of the union, which is best classified as a sympoliteia effected shortly after the stasis. 3) This reconstruction is supported by the broader efforts of the Argives to create a regional polity through sympoliteiai, which they furthered by supporting democratic factions and appealing to cultic and ethnic bonds in the greater Argolid.
Effects of TNFα on Dynamic Cytosolic Ca2 + and Force Responses to Muscarinic Stimulation in Airway Smooth Muscle.

Previously, we reported that in airway smooth muscle (ASM), the cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+] cyt ) and force response induced by acetyl choline (ACh) are increased by exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). The increase in ASM force induced by TNFα was not associated with an increase in regulatory myosin light chain (rMLC20) phosphorylation but was associated with an increase in contractile protein (actin and myosin) concentration and an enhancement of Ca2+ dependent actin polymerization. The sensitivity of ASM force generation to elevated [Ca2+] cyt (Ca2+ sensitivity) is dynamic involving both the shorter-term canonical calmodulin-myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling cascade that regulates rMLC20 phosphorylation and cross-bridge recruitment as well as the longer-term regulation of actin polymerization that regulates contractile unit recruitment and actin tethering to the cortical cytoskeleton. In this study, we simultaneously measured [Ca2+] cyt and force responses to ACh and explored the impact of 24-h TNFα on the dynamic relationship between [Ca2+] cyt and force responses. The temporal delay between the onset of [Ca2+] cyt and force responses was not affected by TNFα. Similarly, the rates of rise of [Ca2+] cyt and force responses were not affected by TNFα. The absence of an impact of TNFα on the short delay relationships between [Ca2+] cyt and force was consistent with the absence of an effect of [Ca2+] cyt and force on rMLC20 phosphorylation. However, the integral of the phase-loop plot of [Ca2+] cyt and force increased with TNFα, consistent with an impact on actin polymerization and, contractile unit recruitment and actin tethering to the cortical cytoskeleton.
Sectoral Okun's Law and Cross-Country Cyclical Differences

We estimate Okun's law, the negative relationship between output and the unemployment rate, at the sector level for the US, the UK, Japan, and Switzerland to test several hypotheses that may explain why the aggregate Okun's coeffcients are different across countries. Specifically, we show that the sectoral composition is not a driver and find that the sectoral coefficients are proportional to the aggregate in all four countries. We also show that the standard deviation of unemployment is the main driver of the cross-country differences. This is consistent with labor market policies being crucial to explain the cross-country cyclical differences in the aggregate Okun's coefficient.
Direct estimation of the myocardial perfusion from sinogram

2355 Objectives The aim of this study is to establish a novel direct reconstruction method for quantifying the myocardial perfusion from sinogram and forming the parametric images. The rationale is to increase the SNR of estimated parametric images, which is validated through simulation studies in our preliminary data. Methods NCAT phantom was used to generate simulated dynamic data. Noise realization was performed in the sinogram domain and repeated for 30 times with four different noise levels by varying the injection dose (ID) from standard ID to 1/8 of it. The parametric images were calculated by (1) Direct method, which computes the kinetic parameters from the sinogram, and (2) Indirect method, which computes the kinetic parameter with voxel-by-voxel curve fitting using WLS. These two approaches were performed separately and compared for evaluating the bias and signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of these approaches. Results The biases and ratios of the SNR of the MBF are showed in Table I. The MBF results of the direct method are significantly better than those of the indirect method (p Conclusions The results suggested that the direct method can improve the SNR and potentially allow the dose reduction for achieving the same parametric image quality
Use of High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Characterizing Nucleotide Binding Sites and Antigenic Determinants in cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase

cAMP-dependent protein kinase is a multisubunit protein whose activity and quaternary structure are both modulated by cAMP (1,2). In its native holoenzyme form, the enzyme is an inactive tetramer containing two regulatory (R) and two catalytic (C) subunits. In the presence of cAMP, the holoenzyme dissociates into a regulatory subunit dimer (R2) and two monomeric catalytic subunits with each R2 binding 4 molecules of cAMP (3,4). Because of the multiple aggregation states that serve a regulatory role and because of several substrate and modulator binding sites, this enzyme provides an excellent model for investigating protein-protein interactions, nucleotide-protein interactions, and enzyme regulation. We have utilized high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in conjunction with solid phase sequencing to characterize a variety of specific sites on both subunits of the kinase purified from porcine cardiac muscle.
A joint test of linkage and gene x environment interaction, with affected sib pairs.

In the presence of genexenvironment (G X E) interaction, the expected proportion of alleles shared identical by descent at a linked marker locus by a pair of affected sibs depends on the exposure profile of the two sibs, i.e., whether both are exposed to E, only one is exposed, or neither are exposed. In this paper, we propose an extension of the commonly used mean test of linkage to test for differential identical-by-descent (IBD) sharing across sib-exposure profiles. The method can be viewed as atest for linkage in the presence of G X E interaction, or as a test for G X E interaction in the presence of linkage. Applied to the simulated GAW11 data, our method successfully localized disease locus C and its interactive relationship with environmental factor El. At the 5% significance level, use of our method led to increased power to detect linkage (56%) to this disease locus compared to use of the standard mean test (32%); at the 0.001 significance level, the corresponding power estimates were 20% and 4%, respectively. For a gene that interacts with an environmental factor, we conclude that use of the environmental factor in linkage analysis can improve detection rates while also providing information about underlying mechanisms. ® 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Regulation of hypoxia inducible factors by Sprouty2 (842.9)

Sprouty2 (Spry2) is an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Spry2 levels are decreased in cancers of the breast, lung, prostate and liver, thereby permitting excessive receptor tyrosine...
Effects of a Commercial Formulation of Paecilomyces lilacinus Strain 251 on Overseeded Bermudagrass Infested with Belonolaimus longicaudatus.

Belonolaimus longicaudatus is an important parasite of both warm-season bermudagrass and winter overseed grasses used on golf courses in the southeastern United States. Field trials were conducted to study the effects of a commercial formulation of Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 applied to overseed grasses during the winter and early spring on population density of B. longicaudatus and bermudagrass health in late spring after bermudagrass broke dormancy. These studies found that P. lilacinus reduced numbers of B. longicaudatus in most cases, but not below damaging levels. Multiple applications of 1 x 10^10 spores/m^2 were generally more effective than 2 x 10^10 spores/m^2 in reducing nematode numbers and improving turf roots. These results indicate that application of this formulation of P. lilacinus strain 251 to overseeded turf in the spring may be a useful integrated pest management tool for B. longicaudatus on bermudagrass, but is not sufficient as a stand-alone nematode management tactic.
Aerodynamic Testing in Cryogenic Nitrogen Gas — A Precursor to Testing in Superfluid Helium

This paper brings together some of the testing techniques developed for transonic cryogenic tunnels using Nitrogen as the test fluid. It emphasizes techniques which required special development, or were unique because of the opportunities offered by cryogenic operation. The first part of the paper is used to discuss measuring the static aerodynamic coefficients normally used to determine component efficiency. The first topic is testing of two dimensional airfoils at transonic Mach numbers and flight values of Reynolds number. Three dimensional tests of complete configurations and sidewall mounted wings are also described. Since flight Reynolds numbers are of interest, free transition must be allowed. A discussion is given of wind tunnel and model construction effects on transition location.
Multivariate Age and Multivariate Renewal Replacement

A large part of reliability theory deals with replacement of single-component systems. Two of the popular replacement policies are (a) age-replacement and (b) block-replacement policies. As systems become more complicated and require new technologies and methodologies, more sophisticated maintenance policies are needed to solve the maintenance problems. For systems consisting of k related components, a legitimate question is when to replace the components. Obviously, the classical age-and block-replacement policies are unsuitable for such situations. This article deals with multivariate versions of age replacement policies that may be used for replacing components. Also, for planning purposes, the article describes several optimal age replacement policies. Keywords: survival function; age replacement; block replacement; Gumbel distribution; Marshall and Olkin model; cost model
Psychotropic Medication Use among Older Adults: What All Nurses Need to Know

Psychotropic medications are commonly administered to elderly clients to manage behavior and psychiatric symptoms. These drugs are known to have potentially serious side effects, to which older adults are more vulnerable. Nurses care for older adults in many different practice settings but have varying degrees of knowledge about these kinds of medications. The purposes of this article are to (a) provide information to geriatric nurses in all settings about how the most commonly prescribed psychotropic medications (i.e., anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antipsychotic drugs) differentially affect older adults; (b) examine recent concerns about the use of psychotropic medications with older adults; and (c) discuss nursing implications for those administering psychotropic medications to older adults.
Studies on the Expression of Various Singed Alleles in Drosophila Melanogaster.

RECENT work on a set of alleles that pleiotropically affect both setal morphology and oogenesis has provided a complex of data that have not been systematically analyzed. These alleles constitute the sex-linked mutation singed. In 1951, IVES and NOYES demonstrated 0.04 percent crossing over between sn3 and sdnk. Genes such as these which are physically close together, similar in function, and yet separable by crossing over are called pseudoalleles. Position pseudoallelism (LEWIS 1942) was demonstrated among the singed mutants by HEXTER (1955) who showed that sns +/+ sn’ flies displayed a singed phenotype while sn3 sn‘/ ++ flies were wild type in appearance. Subsequently he demonstrated three loci in the sn complex which he preliminarily characterized ( HEXTER 1957). Twenty-eight singed mutations have been reported since MOHR’S first record ( 1922), but at present only 11 are available, and these were used in the following study. These stocks and progeny of the possible combinations were examined for bristle morphology, fertility, and the anatomy of the female reproductive tract. The classes of phenotypes were analyzed; this phenotypic array of gene effect was then used together with crossover data to provide a model for the loci involved.
Solid He 3 as a Heisenberg antiferromagnet

A detailed analysis with a localized magnetic exchange Hamiltonian has been made of existing thermodynamic data on bcc $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ with the bulk of the analysis performed at the molar volumes $v=23.34,23.88,24.0, \mathrm{and} 24.25$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$/mole for $Tl50$ mK. The data can be described at all $v$ equally well by four qualitatively different sets of exchange constants. This is true with the possible exception of one set of specific-heat data for which it is not entirely clear that they can be described by a purely magnetic Hamiltonian alone. Except on the melting curve at $v=24.25$ and possibly for the just-mentioned specific-heat data, one of these four sets is the conventional set, which is supported by exchange calculations. All this points to the possibility of a description of bcc $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ different from the conventional picture. Experiments that could clarify the situation are discussed.
A sustained passion for intracellular trafficking

I am honored to be the first recipient of the Women in Cell Biology Sustained Excellence in Research Award. Since my graduate school days, I have enjoyed being part of a stimulating scientific comm...
Application of the finite element method in calculating the capacitance and inductance of multiconductor transmission lines

Multiconductor transmission lines in multilayered circuit are used to reduce dimensions and minimal pulse distortion and crosstalk for high-speed and high- density digital applications. In this paper we present modeling of the capacitance and inductance of two conductors in two different dielectric layers, two conductors in the same dielectric layers, and three conductors in three different dielectric layers. The modeling and simulation is illustrated using the finite element method (FEM).
Energy transmission by stress waves in prismatical bars: Intended for possible application on high-speed printers; energy transmission by stress waves is investigated for both straight and curved bars

This paper deals with energy transmission by stress waves in prismatical bars and its possible application in high-speed printers. Theory is reviewed briefly for straight bars, and energy losses caused by cross-sectional impedance mismatch and length mismatch are calculated. In order to check the theory, experiments were conducted on straight bars with theoretically perfect impedance match. In the absence of a theory for curved bars, some experiments were conducted which indicate the possibility of energy transfer with acceptable efficiency.
Supersymmetry and the Spectral Condition on a Cylinder

We study the spectral condition for supersymmetric Wess-Zumino field theories on a cylindrical spacetime. This condition is preserved under certain ultraviolet cutoff procedures and also leads to analyticity of HKR regularized field operators in a complex neighborhood of spacetime.
The role of automatic endocardial edge detection in the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in children

Forty-nine normal children underwent echocardiography to study the role of automatic border detection (ABD) in diastolic evaluation by (1) determining the relationship of diastolic ABD indexes to heart rate and traditional diastolic indexes and (2) establishing inter-observer variability. ABD diastolic indexes were less associated with heart rate than were M-mode and Doppler diastolic indexes. ABD left ventricular peak filling rate correlated with Doppler mitral E wave peak velocity. Interobserver variability for ABD indexes ranged from 4% to 24%. We then compared the ability of ABD left ventricular filling rate to M-mode and Doppler indexes to detect diastolic dysfunction in a test group of 20 children with diastolic disease. ABD left ventricular peak filling rate had the highest sensitivity of all indexes (90%). Thus ABD left ventricular peak filling rate is an accurate index of diastolic function that is readily usable by almost all clinical laboratories.
Chemisorption of bromine on cleaved silicon (111) surfaces: An X-ray standing wave interference spectrometric analysis☆

Abstract The coverage and location of bromine adsorbed from dilute methanol solution on cleaved silicon (111) surfaces have been determined by X-ray standing wave interference spectrometry. Two different locations of bromine atoms have been observed. One position, similar to that observed previously for chemically cleaned silicon (111) crystals, is directly over the first monolayer silicon atoms (atop position). The second position is much more loosely bound and may be in the open surface interstitial hollow over-the-fourth-layer atoms. In contrast to the chemically cleaned surface, where surface silicon atoms are bulk-like, we conclude that for a cleaved crystal, in the presence of bonded broine atoms, the surface silicon atoms are relaxed outward by 0.13±0.06 A . It is suggested that this relaxation may open access to the interstitial site. Adsorption on chemically cleaned surfaces gave correlated coverage in the atop position of 0.3 monolayer (ML) or less. For cleaved surfaces, coverage of bromine in the strongly bound atop position never exceeded 0.24 ML which implies possible steric hindrance to bromine adsorption on adjacent sites The weak bonding site was observed with coverage up to 1 ML and could be obtained even for samples with saturation oxygen coverage before bromine adsorption. The cases of coadsorption of bromine were analyzed with a general model which allows difference of population at individual sites.
NASA telescience testbed pilot program

The Universities Space Research Association (USRA), under sponsorship from the NASA Office of Space Science and Applications, is conducting a Telescience Testbed Pilot Program. Fifteen universities, under subcontract to USRA, are conducting a variety of scientific experiments using advanced technology to determine the requirements and evaluate the tradeoffs for the information system of the Space Station era. An interim set of recommendations based on the experiences of the first six months of the pilot program is presented.
Role of 2c T Cell Receptor Residues in the Binding of Self–And Allo–Major Histocompatibility Complexes

T cell clone 2C recognizes the alloantigen Ld and the positive selecting major histocompatibility complex (MHC), Kb. To explore the molecular basis of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) binding to different peptide/MHC (pMHC) complexes, we performed alanine scanning mutagenesis of the 2C TCR. The TCR energy maps for QL9/Ld and SIYR/Kb were remarkably similar, in that 16 of 41 Vα and Vβ alanine mutants showed reduced binding to both ligands. Several TCR residues varied in the magnitude of energy contributed to binding the two ligands, indicating that there are also unique interactions. Residues in complementarity determining region 3α showed the most notable differences in binding energetics among the ligands QL9/Ld, SIYR/Kb, and the clonotypic antibody 1B2. Various lines of evidence suggest that these differences relate to the mobility of this loop and point to the key role of conformational dynamics in pMHC recognition.
Long-term outcome and natural history of uterine adenosarcomas

Abstract Objective Adenosarcomas are rare tumors composed of a benign epithelium in combination with a malignant mesenchymal component. We examined the natural history of uterine adenosarcomas and compared the outcome of uterine adenosarcoma and carcinosarcoma. Methods Patients with uterine adenosarcomas and carcinosarcomas registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 1988 and 2006 were examined. Survival was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards model and the Kaplan–Meier method. Results A total of 5496 patients including 544 (10%) with adenosarcomas were identified. Patients with adenosarcomas tended to be younger and were more likely to have early-stage tumors (p Conclusion The majority of women with uterine adenosarcoma present with early-stage tumors and have a favorable outcome. Despite the overall favorable prognosis for most patients, survival is only 63–69% for women whose tumors invade into the wall of the uterus and lower than 50% for disease spread beyond the uterus.
Fluorescene Difference Decay Curves: Resolution Of Complex Decays

Abstract The use of fluorescence difference decay curves was explored as a way to isolate the decays of components in a complex system. Time-correlated single photon methodology allows one to subtract a “reference” curve from a “sample” curve from a “sample” curve to yield a difference decay curve. To test the feasibility of this method, a model 3-component system (6-carboxyfluorescein, pyranine, and 1-dimethyl-aminoaphtalene-5-sulfonate) was examined. From its complex fluorescence decay curve, the individual decays were obtained by subtracting the appropriate binary solution decay curves. These difference curves coincided with those of the single component systems. Stringent requirements included: use of the same instrumental settings for all solutions, low counting efficiency, avoidance of inner filter effects, absence of energy transfer, and lack of chemical interaction between components. The difference decay method was applied to: 1. Sequential dansylation of serum albumin. Lifetimes of the first two...
Transmural secretion of a highly-expressed cell surface antigen of oat root cap cells

A monoclonal antibody (MAb), designated 40.1C2.8, has been produced which recognizes an antigen in the outer membrane and cell wall of oat root cap cells. Antibody binding is insensitive to periodate oxidation and sensitive to proteolytic digestion by trypsin, indicating that the epitope is protein, not carbohydrate. Western immunoblots of polypeptide extracts from oat, maize, and bean seedlings revealed that MAb 40.1C2.8 was primarily directed to an epitope on a 40 kDa protein very highly expressed in root cap cells. Root cap cells and mature sloughed cells were heavily stained with the antibody on silver-enhanced immunogold-stained thick sections of intact roots. At the ultrastructural level, the antigen was found on the cell surface of root cap meristem cells. In the root meristem proper, the antigen was only detected in the vacuole, not on the cell surface. As the root cap cells matured, the thickness of the zone containing the antigen increased. In the outer-most peripheral cells, the antigen was found within the inner layer of the wall, but not coextensive with the secreted mucilage which occurs throughout the wall, indicating that there may be a barrier to transmural secretion even in the most mature cells of the root cap.
ANALYSIS OF FABRIC DEFORMATION IN A ROLL-MAKING OPERATION. PART IV : EFFECT OF VARYING WINDING TENSION

The effects of various process and material parameters on fabric roll making have been discussed in the earlier parts of this series. A number of theoretical models have been proposed to better und...
Electron microscopic study of the cortical reaction of an ophiuroid echinoderm.

Abstract The egg coats of an ophiuroid echinoderm ( Ophiopholis aculeata ) are described by electron microscopy before and after fertilization. The unfertilized egg is closely invested by a vitelline coat about 40 A thick, and the peripheral cytoplasm is crowded with cortical granules five or six deep. During the cortical reaction, which rapidly follows insemination, exocytosis of cortical granules takes place. Some of the cortical granule material is evidently added to the vitelline coat to form a composite structure, the fertilization envelope, which is made up of a 400 A thick middle layer separating inner and outer dense layers, each about 50 A thick. The elevation of the fertilization envelope from the egg surface creates a perivitelline space in which the hyaline layer soon forms. The hyaline layer is about 2 μm thick, finely granular, and apparently derived from cortical granule material. The extracellular layers of the early developmental stages of ophiuroids and echinoids are quite similar in comparison to those of asteroids; this finding helps support Hyman's argument that the ophiuroids are more closely related to the echinoids than to the asteroids.
Distinctions between the dementia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal dementia and the dementia of Alzheimer's disease.

The clinical entity of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with Frontotemporal Dementia (ALS‐FTD) has only recently been recognized as an important neurodegenerative disease. As in isolated FTD, the behavioral and personality changes in ALS‐FTD might be more characteristic than its cognitive changes. We aimed to characterize the behavioral and cognitive deficits in ALS‐FTD, and contrast this profile with that of the most common form of dementia, AD, to assist ALS clinicians in recognizing the syndrome early in its course. Specifically, we hypothesized that a modified version of the Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI‐mod), a brief questionnaire self‐administered by a caregiver, along with just a few cognitive tests, would be clinically useful in distinguishing the dementia in ALS‐FTD from the dementia of AD. We administered a battery of neuropsychological tests to 15 patients who met established criteria for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis with Frontotemporal Dementia and to 30 patients who met established criteria...
Organization of cytokeratin intermediate filaments in basal cells of growing rat trachea

Abstract The basal cell in airway epithelium plays a major role in attachment of ciliated and nonciliated columnar cells to the basal lamina. As the airway grows in diameter and the columnar epithelium in height, the number of basal cells and the amount of tonofilaments (cytokeratin filaments) and anchoring junctions increase. In this way they maintain a constant attachment strength between the increased volume of the epithelium and the basal lamina. The purpose of this study was to determine which cytokeratins (CKs) are expressed in growing basal cells of the rat and demonstrate where they are localized in the cytoskeleton. Sprague Dawley rats 10, 30 and 90 days of age were used in this study. For light microscopy, tracheal samples were fixed in 95% alcohol or 4% formalin for 2 hr and then embedded in paraffin. For electron microscopy, the tracheal samples were placed in 20 mM EDTA in HBSS media minus Ca ++ and Mg ++ at pH 7.4 for 60 min to permeabilize the cells and expose the intracellular structures. Antibodies to cytokeratins 7, 8, 10, 13 and 18 did not react to basal cells at any age studied. Antibodies to CKs 5 + 8, 14, 16 + 13, and 19 gave a positive reaction with basal cells at each age studied. Immunogold particles representing antibodies to CK 14 were heavily distributed over intermediate filaments making up the cytoskeleton. Both CK 16 + 13 and 19 were also over intermediate filaments but at a much lower density. Expression of CKs 16 and 19 may occur in basal cells that are actively proliferating and growing. Expression of CK 14 is thought to play a role in cells involved with adhesion. Expression patterns of CKs in these experiments are in agreement with the role of the airway basal cell in attachment of ciliated and nonciliated columnar cells to the basal lamina.
Role of Effective Teamwork and Communication in Delivering Safe, High‐Quality Care

Healthcare is delivered in an extraordinary complex environment. Despite highly skilled, dedicated clinicians, there are currently unacceptably high levels of communication failures and adverse events. Effective teamwork, in conjunction with reliable processes of care, is essential for the consistent delivery of high-quality care. Practical concepts and tools are provided that address the team behaviors of structured communication, effective assertion/critical language, psychological safety, situational awareness, and effective leadership. Examples of the mounting clinical evidence of improved patient outcomes and reduced harm resulting from effective teamwork training are cited.
Physiologic modelling of MM creatine kinase isoforms

We assessed the kinetics in vivo of isoforms of the MM isoenzyme of creatine kinase. A linear model accounting for plasma conversion of tissue isoform to two other isoforms and disappearance of each from the circulation was tested by non-linear least squares approximations to time-activity profiles of isoforms injected intravenously in dogs. The model was validated by analysis of disappearance rate constants after injections of isoforms with plasma conversion inhibited. The data show that disappearance is the primary route of egress of isoform activity from the circulation and the tissue isoform has the fastest disappearance rate.
An experimental and numerical study of blast induced shock wave mitigation in sandwich structures

The liners of US military helmets are typically made using common soft foams. In order to better protect troops from Traumatic Brain Injury resulting from Improvised Explosive Devices, it is necessary to better understand the material properties involved in air blast mitigation. In this work, mitigation properties are studied using sandwich samples made from a vinyl-nitrile foam shell filled with materials which were selected to span a range of material properties. These materials—water, glycerin, glass beads, Aerogel , CAB-O-SIL, tuff volcanic rock, and expanding foam—were compared to both uniform vinyl-nitrile foam and a US Army helmet pad. Possible modes of shock attenuation include inertial effects based on density and acoustic impedance, dispersion based on porosity, and thermal effects. Since no standard test exists, we developed two experimental configurations to evaluate performance. The results were additionally used to verify a numerical model made using ABAQUS software. Both the numerical model and the experimental results were consistent in showing that most materials attenuate the peak blast pressure while Aerogel actually enhances the blast. Density and acoustic impedance mismatch are shown to be of primary importance while porosity is shown to have an effect as well. Furthermore, a differentiation is made between reflective and absorptive shock mitigation.
PeertoPeer File Sharing with Incentives

This chapter contains sections titled: Summary of Query Resolution Unstructured Query Resolution Structured Query Resolution Discussion: Security Issues Incentives for Cooperation When Uploading Problems
Structure-based design of kinetic stabilizers that ameliorate the transthyretin amyloidoses

Small molecules that bind to normally unoccupied thyroxine (T4) binding sites within transthyretin (TTR) in the blood stabilize the tetrameric ground state of TTR relative to the dissociative transition state and dramatically slow tetramer dissociation, the rate-limiting step for the process of amyloid fibril formation linked to neurodegeneration and cell death. These so-called TTR kinetic stabilizers have been designed using structure-based principles and one of these has recently been shown to halt the progression of a human TTR amyloid disease in a clinical trial, providing the first pharmacologic evidence that the process of amyloid fibril formation is causative. Structure-based design has now progressed to the point where highly selective, high affinity TTR kinetic stabilizers that lack undesirable off-target activities can be produced with high frequency.
Tritrium-labeled DPN+ and TPN+

Abstract Tritium label is introduced into the 2-, 4-, and 6-positions of the nicotinamide ring of diphosphopyridine nucleotide when diphosphorydine nucleotide is reduced by tritium-labeled NaBH 4 . Both reduced and oxidized nucleotides can be obtained from the mixture of reduction products. The application of the appropriate chemical, enzymatic and chromtrographic procedures permits the isolation of nucleotides in which as few as one site or as many as three sites in the nicotinamide ring bear tritrium atoms. The following compounds and mixtures of compounds have been prepared: a mixture of [2- 3 H]- I ,2-DPNH, [4- 3 H]- I ,4-DPNH, [6- 3 H]- I ,6-DPNH; a mixture of [4- 3 H]- I ,4-DPNH and [6- 3 H]- I ,6-DPNH; [6- 3 H]- I ,6-DPNH; [2,4,6- 3 H 3 ]-DPN + ; [4,6- 3 H 2 ]- I ,4-DPNH; [2,6- 3 H 2 ]- I ,4-DPNH; [4- 3 H]- I ,4-DPNH; and [6- 3 H]- I ,4-DPNH. Through the application of similar techniques an analogous series of labeled nucleotides can be prepared from triphosphopyridine nucleotide. Cleavage of the variously labeled forms of diphosphopyridine nucleotide with diphosphopyridine nucleotidase makes possible the preparation of an identical series of tritrium-labeled forms of nicotinamide.
An Experimental Comparison of Stimulus Type, Display Type, and Input Variable Contributions to Visual Field Asymmetry

Three experiments compare the effects of stimulus type, display type, and input variable contributions to visual field (VF) asymmetry. Stimulus types were words and bar graphs; displays were unilateral and bilateral; and input variables were stimulus eccentricity, duration, luminance, and size. The only influences consistent across studies and with claims in the literature were those of stimulus type and display type. Stimulus type determined the direction of VF asymmetry, while display type determined its magnitude. The results suggest that both influences should be accounted for in research using VF asymmetry as an index of hemispheric differences, while input variables can largely be ignored.
Role of catecholamines in the anorectic effects of amphetamine in rats.

Inhibition of catecholamine synthesis with α-methyl-p-tyrosine antagonized amphetamine-induced anorexia. This effect of α-methyl-p-tyrosine was reversed by l-Dopa administration. Comparison of the anorectic potencies of the stereoisomers of amphetamine yielded a d-amphetamine to l-amphetamine ratio of 2.75∶1. It is concluded that amphetamine produces anorexia through an action on catecholamines, with dopamine playing a major role.
Direct and indirect effects on infant mortality in a high-fertility US population

This article examines the direct and indirect effects of social and demographic measures on infant mortality using data from a church directory of the Old Order Amish of the Lancaster, PA, Settlement. The sample includes all infant deaths and a simple random sample of survivors (total n=2013). The results reveal that the death of the immediately prior sibling directly increases the risk of infant death nearly 30%, net of other factors. Also, the risk of mortality in the first year increases as birth order increases, particularly at the highest orders (8–17 prior sibs). Infants of the youngest mothers (age 13) are nearly 10% more likely to die in the first year of life than are infants of mothers age 24, nearly all of which is indirect via parity, prior sib death and birth interval. Further analysis shows that families adapting more rapidly to external community pressures face a higher risk of infant death than families living in more stable areas. These relationships emerge even in this homogeneous population with a relatively high standard of living and a traditional lifestyle, Implications are that indirect effects should be included in research on teen pregnancy and infant survival, and might be especially important for studies in ‘transitional’ geographic areas.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the spinal cord.

A 57-year-old white female, operated on for a prolapsed disc six years ago, presented with low back pain. Initially, she was thought to be suffering from the same disc problem, and was treated accordingly. However, her condition worsened. A myelogram disclosed a complete block of the subarachnoid space from levels T11 to L2. Laminectomy and decompression were performed, revealing tumor in the extradural space. Histological examination disclosed a primary, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma of the spinal cord. Both primary and metastatic nin-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the spinal cord are extremely rare. Mullins et al described only five instances of cord compression in a study of 529 cases of nin-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The diagnosis is generally not suspected until laminectomy.
Reverse Twiddler's Syndrome

Twiddler's syndrome is classically described as withdrawal of pacing or defibrillator leads from their position in the heart as a result of arm motion or manipulation of the pulse generator site. Reverse Twiddler's syndrome is now reported as advancement of the leads into the heart by a similar repetitive motion but opposite in direction.
Anesthesia for patients with diabetes mellitus.

Purpose of review Diabetes mellitus has diverse effects on all organ systems of the body. Insulin physiology and metabolic control are far more complex than previously thought. Research continues to reveal more information about the central role of insulin in metabolism. The treatment of hypertension and nephropathy as well as hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes has emerged as being critical for prevention of long-term diabetic complications. The issue of primary importance to the anesthesiologist is whether strict glycemic and hemodynamic control during the perioperative period affect outcome. Recent findings Maintenance of euglycemia and physiologic control of insulin responses to changes in glucose levels have been shown to prolong life and reduce complications from diabetes mellitus. The identification and treatment of prediabetic patients may significantly delay the onset of overt diabetes. Perioperative control of glucose has become tighter, but the optimum level of glucose and ideal method of insulin delivery during surgery remain controversial. Perioperative control of blood pressure and vascular responses may be as important as glucose control for prevention of adverse perioperative events. Summary Tight long-term control of glucose and blood pressure improve outcome in patients with diabetes. The same philosophy of management is being applied to the perioperative period. Routine measurement of intraoperative blood glucose levels and appropriate insulin administration are now standard practice, but the ideal regimen for insulin administration remains to be determined.
Speed regularization and optimality in word classing

Word-classing has been used in language modeling for two distinct purposes: to improve the likelihood of the language model, and to improve the runtime speed. In particular, frequency-based heuristics have been proposed to improve the speed of recurrent neural network language models (RNN-LMs). In this paper, we present a dynamic programming algorithm for determining classes in a way that provably minimizes the runtime of the resulting class-based language models. However, we also find that the speed-based methods degrade the perplexity of the language models by 5-10% over traditional likelihood-based classing. We remedy this via the introduction of a speed-based regularization term in the likelihood objective function. This achieves a runtime close to that of the speed based methods without loss in perplexity performance. We demonstrate these improvements with both an RNN-LM and the Model M exponential language model, for three different tasks involving two different languages.
Water content and metabolic activity of mitochondria from fetal rat liver.

Summary 1. Mitochondria prepared from fetal rat liver show marked spontaneous swelling in KCl-Tris suspension but not in sucrose. This spontaneous swelling is inhibited by the use of EDTA in the preparation medium. 2. Fetal mitochondria swell much less in the presence of phosphate, thyroxine and calcium than do adult mitochondria but response to oxidized plus reduced glutathione is similar in fetal and adult preparations. Swollen fetal mitochondria contract well upon addition of ATP and magnesium except in the presence of phosphate. 3. Mitochondria from fetal liver oxidize succinate and glutamate-malate at rates equal to or higher than those of adult mitochondria. They are capable of carrying out active oxidative phosphorylation with good respiratory control. 4. Fetal mitochondria show marked lipid peroxidation on incubation without exogenous substrate. This peroxidation is inhibited by vitamin E.