cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute liver failure in the newborn

Acute liver failure in infancy is a rare multi-system disorder in which severe impairment of liver function, with or without hepatic encephalopathy occurs in association with hepatic necrosis in a patient with no recognized underlying liver disease. Most cases are the result of either metabolic diseases or infectious causes. Although spontaneous recovery is unusual, and morbidity and mortality high, early diagnosis of some etiologies may allow for recovery from liver failure or survival post-liver transplantation.
Facing challenges and having fun

Reflections on a 15-year career reveal that following your heart and mind will ensure that you're in the right place with regard to school and career choices. This is one of five articles providing personal perspectives on gender diversity in computing. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/WjRPdyxgl0o is a video interview in which Annie Anta#x00F3;n, chair of the School of Interactive Computing at Georgia Tech, discusses the importance of gender diversity in computing with Alfred C. (Alf) Weaver, the director of the University of Virginia's Applied Research Institute.
Evaluation of postsurgical urethra and urethral strictures by meatal compression-voiding urethrography.

Abstract Evaluation of the postsurgical urethra and the urethra with strictures may be made simpler and safer by performing voiding urethrography with meatal compression instead of the traditional combination of retrograde and noncompression voiding studies. Meatal compressionvoiding urethrography (MCVU), using a Zipser clamp, was performed on 41 patients with strictures (13) or to evaluate previous urethral surgery (28). Diagnostic studies were obtained in 39 (95 per cent). Surgical-cystoscopic follow-up in 26 patients agreed with the urethrographic findings in 92 per cent of the cases. MCVU demonstrated extraluminal contrast in 17 cases and provided a qualitative assessment of the urodynamic significance of strictures. This method is a simple, accurate alternative to retrograde and noncompression voiding urethrography.
Conditional emotional response with humans: The effect of a variable interstimulus interval using a trace conditioning paradigm

A variable interstimulus interval was used in conjunction with a trace conditioning paradigm in an attempt to maximize “anxiety” by increasing the uncertainty of the occurrence of a noxious stimulus, and thus increasing the probability of obtaining conditioned suppression with humans. No evidence of suppression was obtained nor was there any differential responding to low, medium or high frequency levels of CS-US pairings.
An examination of the meaning of cranial discrete traits for human skeletal biological studies.

Discrete traits are of increasing interest in comparative skeletal biological research. Characteristics justifying their use have been investigated primarily in mice, however. Using 72 discrete variants, 321 human skulls from the Terry Collection of known race, sex and age have been studied. Significant sex and age differences were detected. Inter-trait correlation was found to be at a low but significant overall level. Multivariate comparison with conventional craniometric analysis was undertaken on subdivisions of the sample, and distance based on metric and nonmetric data were concordant. It is concluded, on the basis of these findings and the discontinuous variant frequency distributions, that discrete traits in isolation are not of paramount value to skeletal genetic studies, but may be vital in comparison and conjunction with other types of data in analyzing the population genetics of extinct groups.
Another solution for N = 2 superspace bianchi identities

Abstract Utilizing the two independent supertensors of N = 2 supergravity, we solve the N = 2 superspace Bianchi identities. We discuss implications of N = 2 supergravity for higher extended theories in superspace.
Capabilities of Different Cooking Oils in Prevention of Cholesterol Oxidation During Heating

The potential of various cooking oils to prevent cholesterol degradation and/or oxidation, as measured by the production of 7-ketocholesterol during heating at different temperatures, was studied using a cholesterol model system. In the control group (without cooking oil), cholesterol was relatively stable, and 73% of its initial concentration was present after 30 min of heating at 125°C. Less than 30 and 10% of cholesterol remained at 150 and 175°C after 30 min, respectively, and 10% at 200°C after 10 min. In the treatment group, cholesterol mixed with corn, canola, soybean, or olive oil had significantly improved thermal stability. More than 60 and 40% of cholesterol remained at 150 and 175°C after 30 min, respectively. In the control group, 7-ketocholesterol was produced when samples were heated above 150°C, and levels increased consistently during 30 min of heating. At 175 or 200°C, the level of 7-ketocholesterol did not increase further after reaching the highest level after 10 min of heating. 7-Ketocholesterol is not stable above 175°C, and its degradation rate could be much faster than its production at 200°C. 7-Ketocholesterol was not found in samples of cholesterol mixed with corn oil or laboratory-prepared soybean and rice bran oils until the heating temperature was raised to 175°C for 20 min. The levels of 7-ketocholesterol in those treatment groups were greater than that in the control group at 175°C for 30 min. These oils may increase the thermal stability of 7-ketocholesterol and retard its degradation rate.
Tremor Is Associated with PET Measures of Nigrostriatal Dopamine Function in MPTP-Lesioned Monkeys

Unilateral intracarotid artery (ICA) MPTP infusion, along with sequential systemic doses of MPTP, produces near complete degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway on the side of infusion (ipsilateral) and variable levels of damage in the contralateral hemisphere accompanied by varying levels of parkinsonism (overlesioned hemiparkinsonian model). Positron emission tomography and the dopamine (DA) metabolism tracer [(18)F]6-fluoro-l-m-tyrosine (FMT) were used to evaluate the relationship between DA metabolism and clinical features of parkinsonism in 14 overlesioned hemiparkinsonian monkeys. Monkeys were rated on a parkinsonian scale that included ratings of bradykinesia, fine motor skills (FMS), and rest tremor. Because the monkeys tended to show more severe clinical signs on the side of the body contralateral to ICA MPTP infusion, we calculated asymmetry scores for each of the clinical features as well as for FMT uptake (K(i)) in the caudate and putamen. Tremor asymmetry was associated with FMT uptake asymmetry in the putamen. No such relationship was observed for FMS or bradykinesia. The overall severity of tremor (mild, moderate/severe) was associated with FMT uptake in the caudate and putamen. Postmortem biochemical analysis for a subset of monkeys showed that the monkeys with moderate/severe tremor had significantly lower DA levels in both caudate and putamen than those with mild tremor. In addition, K(i) values were significantly correlated with DA levels in both caudate and putamen. These findings support the idea that nigrostriatal degeneration contributes to rest tremor.
Life-Cycle Energy, Costs, and Strategies for Improving a Single-Family House

Summary The life-cycle energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and costs of a contemporary 2,450 sq ft (228 m3) U.S. residential home (the standard home, or SH) were evaluated to study opportunities for conserving energy throughout pre-use (materials production and construction), use (including maintenance and improvement), and demolition phases. Home construction and maintenance materials and appliances were inventoried totaling 306 metric tons. The use phase accounted for 91% of the total life-cycle energy consumption over a 50-year home life. A functionally equivalent energy-efficient house (EEH) was modeled that incorporated 11 energy efficiency strategies. These strategies led to a dramatic reduction in the EEH total life-cycle energy; 6,400 GJ for the EEH compared to 16,000 GJ for the SH. For energy-efficient homes, embodied energy of materials is important; pre-use energy accounted for 26% of life-cycle energy. The discounted (4%) life-cycle cost, consisting of mortgage, energy, maintenance, and improvement payments varied between 426,700 and 454,300 for a SH using four energy price forecast scenarios. In the case of the EEH, energy cost savings were offset by higher mortgage costs, resulting in total life-cycle cost between 434,100 and 443,200. Life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions were 1,010 metric tons CO2 equivalent for an SH and 370 metric tons for an EEH.
Tissue Engineering, Stem Cells, and Cloning: Opportunities for Regenerative Medicine

As one of the major components of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering follows the principles of cell transplantation, materials science, and engineering toward the development of biologic substitutes that can restore and maintain normal function. Tissue engineering strategies generally fall
Screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax, eradication in Texas: effects of climate and strains of sterile flies

Screwworm case incidence in a meteorologically and ecologically homogeneous region of Texas being treated with sterile flies was analyzed. Data from 19 years suggested that annual cases were not correlated with temperatures, rainfall, or crop moisture index. Cases in winter and summer were only minimally influenced by temperatures. No statistical relation between screwworm outbreaks and the meteorological variables was found. No-convincing relation was found between strains of sterile flies released and screwworm cases. These data suggest that execution of the sterile male technique was decisive in the numbers of cases realized. The ultimate eradication of screwworms from the region is strong indication that the sterile male technique is robust and that intrinsic reproductive isolating mechanisms did not become prevalent among screwworm flies. Resume L'elimination de Cochliomyia hominivorax Coq. (Dipt. Calliphoridae) au Texas: effets du climat et des souches de mouches steriles. L'analyse de la presence de cohortes de larves de C. hominivorax dans une region climatiquement et ecologiquement homogene du Texas, ou des populations sont activies toute l'annee ne revele aucune correlation entre les pullulations, les pluies, la temperature ou le deficit d'evaporation et l'humidite excessive. Aucune correlation n'a pu etre decelee entre les lignees de mouches steriles liberees et les cohortes de larves. Ces resultats suggerent que la technique d'utilisation des mâles steriles est bonne et que des mecanismes intrinseques d'isolement reproductif ne sont pas encore devenus importants chez C. hominivorax.
Host-associated bacterial taxa from Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, GN02, Synergistetes, SR1, TM7, and WPS-2 Phyla/candidate divisions.

Background and objective : In addition to the well-known phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes, Fusobacteria, Tenericutes, and Chylamydiae, the oral microbiomes of mammals contain species from the lesser-known phyla or candidate divisions, including Synergistetes, TM7, Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, GN02, SR1, and WPS-2. The objectives of this study were to create phyla-selective 16S rDNA PCR primer pairs, create selective 16S rDNA clone libraries, identify novel oral taxa, and update canine and human oral microbiome databases. Design : 16S rRNA gene sequences for members of the lesser-known phyla were downloaded from GenBank and Greengenes databases and aligned with sequences in our RNA databases. Primers with potential phylum level selectivity were designed heuristically with the goal of producing nearly full-length 16S rDNA amplicons. The specificity of primer pairs was examined by making clone libraries from PCR amplicons and determining phyla identity by BLASTN analysis. Results : Phylum-selective primer pairs were identified that allowed construction of clone libraries with 96–100% specificity for each of the lesser-known phyla. From these clone libraries, seven human and two canine novel oral taxa were identified and added to their respective taxonomic databases. For each phylum, genome sequences closest to human oral taxa were identified and added to the Human Oral Microbiome Database to facilitate metagenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies that involve tiling sequences to the most closely related taxon. While examining ribosomal operons in lesser-known phyla from single-cell genomes and metagenomes, we identified a novel rRNA operon order (23S-5S-16S) in three SR1 genomes and the splitting of the 23S rRNA gene by an I-CeuI-like homing endonuclease in a WPS-2 genome. Conclusions : This study developed useful primer pairs for making phylum-selective 16S rRNA clone libraries. Phylum-specific libraries were shown to be useful for identifying previously unrecognized taxa in lesser-known phyla and would be useful for future environmental and host-associated studies. Keywords : microbiome; primers; cloning; phylogeny; 16S rRNA (Published: 8 October 2014) Citation: Journal of Oral Microbiology 2014, 6 : 25468 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jom.v6.25468
The policy impact of unified government: evidence from 2000 to 2002

Do the outcomes of government action differ between periods of unified and divided government? Using “event study” methodology, this articles addresses the question by looking at sudden shifts between divided and unified government—Bush v. Gore, the Jeffords switch, and the 2002 election. The results show that oil and gas stocks (i.e. Republican “constituent firms”) rose abruptly as Republicans took unified control, while renewable energy stocks (i.e. Democratic “constituent firms”) fell. The pattern reversed, however, when Democrats took back control of the Senate. These outcomes call into question non-partisan theories of law making.
Segmentation architecture of multi-axis SMA array actuators inspired by biological muscles

A new approach to artificial muscle actuators assimilating the morphological and kinesiological structure of biological muscles is presented and is implemented using shape memory alloys. Like a biological muscle consisting of short muscle fibers arranged in an overlapping series, an array of SMA actuators are segmented into many independently controlled, spatially discrete volumes, each contributing a small displacement to create a large motion. Furthermore, the segmented architecture of SMA wires is extended to a multi-axis actuator array by arranging them in a two-dimensional array. The multi-axis control is streamlined and coordinated using a two-dimensional segmentation method in order to activate multiple bones (links) of a skeletal robot structure in a coordinated manner. Moreover, the 2-D segmentation is so designed that coordinated gross motion as well as independent fine movements may be generated with minimum complexity and minimum control loops.
Family Processes and Problem Behaviors in Middle-Class African American Adolescents.

This study examined the joint association between mothers’ and adolescents’ ratings of parental behavioral control and adolescents’ and observers’ ratings of mother – adolescent communication with adolescent problem behaviors in a sample of 86 middle-class African American early adolescent boys and girls (age: M= 13.08 years, SD= 1.32) and their mothers. Consistent with hypotheses, greater adolescent-rated parental behavioral control and better observer-rated mother – adolescent communication were associated with lower levels of adolescent problem behavior, as examined using structural equation modeling. Furthermore, interrelationships between age and adolescent problem behavior were partially mediated by adolescents’ reports of parental behavioral control and observers’ ratings of positive mother – adolescent communication, which both decreased with adolescents’ age. Although the sample was primarily middle class, higher socioeconomic status was associated with more positive mother – adolescent communication, as rated by observers. Problem behavior was greater among boys than girls, but the hypothesized indirect effect of gender on problem behavior through associations with parenting was not observed. The findings demonstrate the utility of conceptually distinguishing between parenting and parent – adolescent relationships, and suggest that both have unique influences on middle-class African American adolescents’ problem behavior.
Statistical performance analysis of the adaptive sidelobe blanker detection algorithm

A method was proposed for reducing the high false alarm rate of the adaptive matched filter (AMF) under non-homogeneous conditions. It consists of sequentially following the AMF test with the adaptive cosine estimator (ACE) which determines what fraction of the total energy present in a test cell originates from the target direction. The overall detection algorithm, called the adaptive sidelobe blanker (ASB), is two dimensional and has exhibited significant potential in experimental settings. The goal of this paper is to provide a theoretical analysis of this 2-D algorithm.
Controlling illumination color to enhance object discriminability

The authors describe how to design color illumination to improve the discriminability of objects in color images. This procedure is useful in applications where the illumination can be controlled, such as inspection tasks. From the physics of color image formation, the optimal color illumination for discriminating materials is derived using a parametrically defined set of illuminants. The authors suggest how such an approach might be extended to sets of materials and more general classes of light sources. Experiments with painted color patches and live potato plantlets are used to illustrate the usefulness of actively controlling illumination color in machine vision. >
Visual cliff preferences following lesions of the visual neocortex in cats and rats

Normal cats, cats with lesions of the visual neocortex, normal rats, enucleated rats, and rats with lesions of the visual neocortex were tested on Gibson’s visual cliff for visual depth perception. All animals preferred the shallow side except rats that were enucleated and rats that sustained visual neocortical ablations.
On Discrimination between Photorealistic and Photographic Images

This paper presents a classifier built for differentiating digital photorealistic images from digital photographs. Results show that our 144-dimensional (144-D) feature vector extracted from characteristic functions of wavelet histograms is more efficient than Lyu and Farid's 216-D feature vector (S. Lyu and H. Farid), and Ng et al.'s 192-D feature vector (2005). Our classifier outperforms Lyu and Farid's state-of-art method while only requiring half of their feature extraction and testing time
Sustaining and Broadening Intervention Impact: A Longitudinal Randomized Trial of 3 Adolescent Risk Reduction Approaches

Objective. To determine whether the addition of a parental monitoring intervention (Informed Parents and Children Together [ImPACT]) alone or with “boosters” could enhance (either broaden or sustain or both) the effect of a small group, face-to-face adolescent risk reduction intervention Focus on Kids (FOK). Methods. A longitudinal, randomized, community-based cohort study was conducted of 35 low-income, community-based, in-town settings. A total of 817 black youths aged 12 to 16 years at baseline were studied. After completion of baseline measures, youths were randomized to receive a face-to-face intervention alone (FOK only), a face-to-face intervention and a parental monitoring intervention (FOK plus ImPACT), or both of the above plus boosters (FOK plus ImPACT plus boosters). Risk and protective behaviors were assessed at 6 and 12 months after intervention. Results. At 6 months’ follow-up, youths in families that were assigned to FOK plus ImPACT reported significantly lower rates of sexual intercourse, sex without a condom, alcohol use, and cigarette use and marginally lower rates of “risky sexual behavior” compared with youths in families that were assigned to FOK only. At 12 months after intervention, rates of alcohol and marijuana use were significantly lower and cigarette use and overall risk intention were marginally lower among FOK plus ImPACT youths compared with FOK only youths. With regard to the boosters delivered at 7 and 10 months, 2 risk behaviors—use of crack/cocaine and drug selling—were significantly lower among the youths who were assigned to receive the additional boosters compared with youths without the boosters. The rates of the other risk behaviors and intentions did not differ significantly. Conclusions. The results of this randomized, controlled trial indicate that the inclusion of a parental monitoring intervention affords additional protection from involvement in adolescent risk behaviors 6 and 12 months later compared with the provision of an intervention that targets adolescents only. At the same time, the results of the present study do not provide sufficient evidence that booster sessions further improve targeted behaviors enough to include them in a combined parent and youth intervention.
Alphas and Asterisks: The Development of Statistical Significance Testing Standards in Sociology

In this paper, I trace the development of statistical significance testing standards in sociology by analyzing data from articles published in two prestigious sociology journals between 1935 and 2000. I focus on the role of two key elements in the diffusion literature, contagion and rationality, as well as the role of institutional factors. I find that statistical significance testing flourished in the 20th century. Contagion processes and the suitability of significance testing given a study’s data characteristics encourage the diffusion of significance testing, whereas institutional factors such as department prestige and particular editorships help explain growing popularity of the .05 alpha level and use of the “three-star system” of symbolic codes (i.e., *p < = .05, **p < = .01, ***p < = .001).
The Surgical Management of Cervical Cancer: An Overview and Literature Review

Importance Surgery has evolved into the standard therapy for nonbulky carcinoma of the cervix. The mainstay of surgical management is radical hysterectomy; however, less radical procedures have a small but important role in the management of cervical tumors. Objective Our objective was to discuss the literature behind the different procedures utilized in the management of cervical cancer, emphasizing the radical hysterectomy. In addition, we aimed to discuss ongoing trials looking at the utility of less radical surgeries as well as emerging technologies in the management of this disease. Evidence acquisition We performed a PubMed literature search for articles in the English language that pertained to the topic of surgical techniques and their outcomes in the treatment of cervical cancer. Results The minimally invasive approaches to radical hysterectomy appear to reduce morbidity without affecting oncological outcomes, although further data are needed looking at long-term outcomes with the robotic platform. Trials are currently ongoing looking at the role of less radical surgery for patients with low-risk disease and the feasibility of sentinel lymph node mapping. Conclusions and relevance Radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy has evolved into the standard therapy for nonbulky disease, and there is a clear advantage in the use of minimally invasive techniques to perform these procedures. However, pending ongoing trials, less radical surgery in patients with low-risk invasive disease as well as sentinel lymph node mapping may emerge as standards of care in selected patients with cervical carcinoma.
On signal reconstruction without phase

We will construct new classes of Parseval frames for a Hilbert space which allow signal reconstruction from the absolute value of the frame coefficients. As a consequence, signal reconstruction can be done without using phase or its estimation. This verifies a longstanding conjecture of the speech processing community.
Photoelectrons on closed crustal field lines at Mars

[1] A statistical survey of dayside photoelectrons in the Mars upper ionosphere is presented and discussed. A methodology for isolating photoelectron spectra on strong crustal field lines is developed and used to obtain a database of over 280,000 distributions from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) electron reflectometer instrument. The relationship of these electron fluxes to various controlling factors is explored and presented. It is found that much of the flux variation can be explained by a linear fit with the EUV solar radiation proxy, adjusted for the Sun-Mars distance and local solar zenith angle. The state of the lower atmosphere seems to also play a critical role in the photoelectron flux intensity. An interval with a global dust storm shows an increased flux and steepened slope for the relationship with EUV radiation. This implies that the dust storm is altering the density, composition, and/or temperature of the photoelectron source region within the thermosphere and perhaps even the characteristics of the Mars exosphere above the MGS orbit. Other parameters considered had either no influence or a small perturbation compared to this dominant trend.
Effect of Medial Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy on Ankle Kinematics in a Cadaver Model

Although medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy has been advocated for treatment of acquired pes planus, no studies have determined the biomechanical consequences at the ankle of such a procedure. The present investigation examined the alteration in ankle motion that resulted from a medial sliding calcaneal osteotomy. In dorsiflexion, the ankle specimens were found to have altered internal rotation and varus alignment. At maximal dorsiflexion, there was a 76% increase in internal rotation (4.4 degrees +/- 2.5 degrees versus 2.5 degrees +/- 1.7 degrees for intact ankles, P < 0.0004) and an increase of 425% in varus (0.42 degrees +/- 0.56 degrees versus 0.08 degrees +/- 0.34 degrees for intact ankles, P < 0.003). There were no significant differences seen in plantar flexion. Based on these results, caution is advised in the indiscriminate use of medial sliding osteotomies, because this procedure may predispose the patient to premature ankle arthritis as a consequence of the altered ankle motions.
Changes of Probability Associated with El Niño

Abstract Away from the tropical Pacific Ocean, an ENSO event is associated with relatively minor changes of the probability distributions of atmospheric variables. It is nonetheless important to estimate the changes accurately for each ENSO event, because even small changes of means and variances can imply large changes of the likelihood of extreme values. The mean signals are not strictly symmetric with respect to El Nino and La Nina. They also depend upon the unique aspects of the SST anomaly patterns for each event. As for changes of variance and higher moments, little is known at present. This is a concern especially for precipitation, whose distribution is strongly skewed in areas of mean tropospheric descent. These issues are examined here in observations and GCM simulations of the northern winter (January–March, JFM). For the observational analysis, the 42-yr (1958–99) reanalysis data generated at NCEP are stratified into neutral, El Nino, and La Nina winters. The GCM analysis is based on NCEP atmo...
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Madrona: a slow electrophoretic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant with kinetic characteristics similar to those of normal type.

Abstract A new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant with activity of about 60 to 80 per cent of the normal mean is reported. Other kinetic characteristics investigated included Michaelis constants for NADP and G-6-P, reaction rate with various substrate analogues, and activity as a function of pH. The kinetic parameters of this variant did not notably differ from those of another slow electrophoretic variant, G-6-PD Ibadan-Austin, or from the normal G-6-PD B. However, the Madrona variant migrated slightly ahead of the Ibadan-Austin variant under the conditions of electrophoresis employed, and only direct electrophoretic comparison permitted differentiation of these two variants. Quantitative immunologic neutralization study of the Madrona variant indicated a reduction in the number of enzyme molecules per red blood cell of the propositus. Segregation of G-6-PD Madrona in the observed pedigree is consistent with the known X-linkage of the structural locus of G-6-PD in man.
Ethical Considerations in Nutrition Support in Critical Care

Paradoxically, the most ethically troubling decisions in critical care involve therapies of little or no utility. Rarely is the decision to do something questioned by care-givers or family. But the decision to withhold treatment or to discontinue “low yield” therapy is always troubling. Nowhere is this more difficult than with nutrition support. As care-givers, we have a positive duty to feed our patients under most circumstances. It would be unethical to withhold oral feedings without good cause, for example. But what about enteral and, even more troubling, parenteral nutrition? There are clearly circumstances in which continuing to feed a terminal patient, either by feeding tube or intravenously, is simply prolonging death. These issues call for basic consideration of the four tenets of ethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and distributive justice. Bringing the patient’s family to accept withdrawal of nutrition care requires trust, which can be gained only be frequent and honest communication. Even then, cultural, religious, and individual factors may play a large part in the family’s decision. Managing these decisions requires involvement by all of the health care team, as well as by the patient’s family.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome

Due to the obesity epidemic and aging population, there is increasing prevalence of clinically significant obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). These conditions are underrecognized in general practice, and may be even more common in the surgical cohort. Adequate perioperative management of these patients is important owing to increased risk of adverse events and increased health-care costs. Data for guidance on effective strategies to optimally identify and manage OSA and OHS in the perioperative setting are insufficient. Best available evidence to inform perioperative OSA and OHS care is summarized.
Numerical simulations of stripping effects in high-intensity hydrogen ion linacs.

Numerical simulations of H{sup -} stripping losses from blackbody radiation, electromagnetic fields, and residual gas have been implemented into the beam dynamics code TRACK. Estimates of the stripping losses along two high-intensity H{sup -} linacs are presented: the Spallation Neutron Source linac currently being operated at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and an 8 GeV superconducting linac currently being designed at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory.
An interrupted time series analysis of the differential impact of New Jersey’s BAC legislation on driver and passenger crash fatalities

Most research, drawing on deterrence and rational choice models of social action, examines the effects of reductions of blood alcohol concentration [BAC] limits to secure drunk driving convictions on the total volume of crash fatalities. This paper extends this work by investigating the impact of New Jersey’s BAC legislation on total and disaggregated crash fatalities. The results from the interrupted times series analyses show that reducing the BAC limit to 0.8 has no effect on total or driver fatalities, but has a negative and lasting effect on passenger fatalities. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
Analyses of the Stomach Contents of Two Species of Idaho Lizards, with Special Reference to the Formicidae

Little is known of the feeding habits of lizards in general and of Uta levis Baird and Girard (Cliff Uta) in particular. In southern Idaho this species is apparently exclusive to the hot dry rock ledges in the deep Snake River Canyon near Twin Falls. The Cliff Uta seems to be restricted to this type of habitat for it has never been found on the adjoining sandy semidesert. In such a rocky habitat it abounds in New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Utah. This is apparently the first record of its appearance in Idaho. According to Woodbury (2) no study has been made and no account published of the food of Uta levis . He believes it to be an insectivorous lizard. The data presented in this paper confirm his presumption.
An English Text on Mathematics Written About 1810

(1923). An English Text on Mathematics Written About 1810. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 189-193.
S-Nitrosation of Conserved Cysteines Modulates Activity and Stability of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR)

The free radical nitric oxide (NO•) regulates diverse physiological processes from vasodilation in humans to gas exchange in plants. S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is considered a principal nitroso reservoir due to its chemical stability. GSNO accumulation is attenuated by GSNO reductase (GSNOR), a cysteine-rich cytosolic enzyme. Regulation of protein nitrosation is not well understood since NO•-dependent events proceed without discernible changes in GSNOR expression. Because GSNORs contain evolutionarily conserved cysteines that could serve as nitrosation sites, we examined the effects of treating plant (Arabidopsis thaliana), mammalian (human), and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) GSNORs with nitrosating agents in vitro. Enzyme activity was sensitive to nitroso donors, whereas the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) restored activity, suggesting that catalytic impairment was due to S-nitrosation. Protein nitrosation was confirmed by mass spectrometry, by which mono-, di-, and trinitrosation were observed, ...
Do chromosomes manifest osmotic volume change

SummaryA. The applicability of the Boyle-van't Hoff law to the swelling of spermatozoa of the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata, in hypotonic solutions of effective concentrations varying from 42.4 to 88.5% sea water was investigated. Cell volumes were determined by centrifuging in small capillaries in an air turbine at 20,000 x gravity.B. In the range of dilutions employed, the Boyle-van't Hoff law appeared to be followed. The “osmotically inactive fraction” (“b”) averaged 33%. Thus the sperm head, which is chiefly chromosomal material, has a non-swellable volume which does not differ greatly from that of certain other cells. The results indicate that the chromosomes take part in the osmotic swelling of the cell.
A Population-based Case-Cohort Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mammographic Screening for Breast Cancer

Screening efficacy may be evaluated in population-based, observational studies, provided one addresses biases that arise in nonrandomized screening evaluations. The authors evaluated the association of mammographic screening with breast cancer mortality among women without prevalent breast cancer. The cohort consisted of 94,656 women, aged > or = 40 years, enrolled in a large health maintenance organization in Washington State during the period 1982-1988. A case-cohort design limited chart abstraction of risk factor and screening information to 4% of the cohort. There were 1,144 incident breast cancer cases, including 126 who died of breast cancer during the study interval. An age-stratified proportional hazards analysis compared the screening experience of the breast cancer deaths with that of 2,237 controls. The family history of breast cancer, previous biopsy, and parity were included in the model to control for potential confounding effects of selection bias. With a mean follow-up of only 3.5 years postscreening, there was a small but statistically nonsignificant reduction in the risk of breast cancer mortality among women screened 1 year prior to diagnosis compared with unscreened women. The relative risk was 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.34-1.85) for women aged > or = 40 years and 0.61 (95% confidence interval 0.23-1.62) for women aged > or = 50 years. This paper illustrates how case-cohort methodology can be used to perform efficient assessment of screening efficacy in large cohorts, while eliminating or controlling for sources of bias.
Representing the unrepresented? Operation and representativeness of Migrant Integration Councils in Greece

Το παρόν άρθρο eξeτάζeι τη συμμeτοχή και την eκπροσώπηση των μeταναστών στην τοπική δημόσια ζωή στην Eλλάδα. Τα eρeυνητικά αποτeλέσματα αποδeικνύουν ότι υπάρχeι σημαντική καθυστέρηση στην eνeργοποίηση του θeσμού σe συνδυασμό μe μια υποβάθμιση της λeιτουργίας του. Σe πολλές πeριπτώσeις, οι δημοτικές αρχές δeν καλωσόρισαν τον θeσμό μe την απαραίτητη eμπιστοσύνη και δeν eπιδιώκουν τη λeιτουργία του. Eπιπλέον, στo 74% των δήμων που eρeυνήθηκαν δeν eκπροσωπούνται στα ΣEΜ όλοι οι μeταναστeυτικοί πληθυσμοί στα οριά τους και το 56% των μeταναστών που συμμeτeίχαν στη σύσταση και λeιτουργία των ΣEΜ δeν ήταν eκλeγμένοι eκπρόσωποι των μeταναστeυτικών κοινοτήτων. Yπάρχουν σοβαρά προβλήματα eκπροσώπησης και συμμeτοχής των μeταναστών στους κοινοτικούς συλλόγους τους, κάτι που δημιουργeί αμφιβολίeς ως προς την πραγματική και eπίσημη eκπροσώπηση τους και στα ΣEΜ.
8: IMPACT OF LATE USE MAGNESIUM SULFATE IN INNER CITY CHILDREN HOSPITALIZED FOR ASTHMA EXACERBATION

Purpose of Study Asthma is typically treated acutely with β2-agonists and systemic steroids. Adjunctive therapies such as magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) have proven useful with early addition potentially improving clinical outcomes in asthma (reduced hospital admission rates, length of stay and intubation rates). Exact administration time and impact on outcomes in children are not fully understood. We sought to identify the impact of timing of initiating MgSO 4 therapy in innercity children admitted for status asthmaticus. Methods Used We performed a retrospective chart review of children (age 2–21 yrs) admitted to a children9s hospital over a 12 month period with asthma exacerbation and administered MgSO 4 . Data collected included ethnicity, gender, medications, timing of interventions, length of stay, BMI percentile, comorbidities and NAEPP asthma severity. Statistical analysis performed with SPSS 22. Summary of Results 150 innercity children were admitted for asthma exacerbation and received MgSO 4 during the study period. 85% were African American, 36% female, 39% had moderate/severe asthma and mean time to initial MgSO 4 was 3.8 hours from triage. Those receiving initial MgSO 4 after 4 hours were more likely to receive multiple doses of MgSO 4 (OR2.8 [95%CI:1.4–5.6]). Time of initial MgSO 4 dose ( 4 hrs) showed no significant difference in other parameters including age, obesity, asthma severity, and comorbidities. A sub-analysis of children that received 1 dose vs. >1 MgSO 4 dose demonstrated that those receiving >1 MgSO 4 doses were more likely to be obese (OR2.7 [1.3–5.7]), have moderate/severe asthma (OR3.2 [1.6–6.8]) and have increased length of stay (p=0.005) and charges (p=0.042). Additionally, obese children (OR8.9 [2.2–35.2]), and intermittent/mild asthmatic children (OR6.4 [1.2–31.2]) receiving >1 MgSO 4 dose were more likely to have >2 day length of stay. Conclusions Delay in administration of MgSO 4 in children hospitalized for status asthmaticus may be associated with poor outcomes including multiple doses of MgSO 4 which in turn is associated with longer length of stay and increased charges. Obesity and asthma severity are important factors associated with these outcomes. A prospective analysis in a larger cohort is recommended to further evaluate these findings.
Discussion on the design of subway smoke prevention and exhaust

In this paper the importance of the smoke control system design in the subway fire introduced,and some existed problems and relevant solutions,in current domestic subway,in the design of the smoke exhaust volume calculation,the choice of the models of smoke exhaust in the tunnel,the design of the location between the air pavilion and the passageway,etc were presented also.Combined with the quoted experiments and its conclusions,after the above analysis and summary of relevant issues,aimed at subway stations and public areas of the exhaust tunnel mode and exhaust devices,some suitable measures in the smoke control system construction in domestic subway fire were put forward.Finally,the conclusions came out after analysis of the measures proposed according to reference test.
Variants of uncertain significance in newborn screening disorders: implications for large-scale genomic sequencing.

As exome and genome sequencing using high-throughput sequencing technologies move rapidly into the diagnostic process, laboratories and clinicians need to develop a strategy for dealing with uncertain findings. A commitment must be made to minimize these findings, and all parties may need to make adjustments to their processes. The information required to reclassify these variants is often available but not communicated to all relevant parties. To illustrate these issues, we focused on three well-characterized monogenic, metabolic disorders included in newborn screens: classic galactosemia, caused by GALT variants; phenylketonuria, caused by PAH variants; and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, caused by ACADM variants. In 10 years of clinical molecular testing, we have observed 134 unique GALT variants, 46 of which were variants of uncertain significance (VUS). In PAH, we observed 132 variants, including 17 VUS, and for ACADM, we observed 64 unique variants, of which 33 were uncertain. After this review, 17 VUS (37%; 7 in ACADM, 9 in GALT, and 1 in PAH) were reclassified from uncertain (6 to benign or likely benign and 11 to pathogenic or likely pathogenic). We identified common types of missing information that would have helped make a definitive classification and categorized this information by ease and cost to obtain. Genet Med 19 1, 77–82.
Dynamic pH-dependent swelling properties of a hydrophobic polyelectrolyte gel

Copolymere methacrylate de methyle/methacrylate de N,N-dimethylaminoethyle obtenu en presence d'une petite quantite de divinyl-benzene
The Development of Listener-Adapted Communication in Physically Handicapped Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

This study investigated the impact of a handicap and the effect of mainstreaming on listener‐adapted communication over a two‐year period. The results suggested that handicapped children are deficient in adaptation, but mainstreaming helps overcome this deficiency. Mainstreaming helps more in the second year, and more with increasing age. The mainstreamed, handicapped children, however, still do not reach the level of performance of their nonhandicapped peers.
An energy-efficient, scalable and collision-free MAC layer protocol for wireless sensor networks: Research Articles

Wide range of applications such as disaster management, military and security have fueled the interest in sensor networks during the past few years. Sensors are typically capable of wireless communication and are significantly constrained in the amount of available resources such as energy, storage and computation. Such constraints make the design and operation of sensor networks considerably different from contemporary wireless networks, and necessitate the development of resource conscious protocols and management techniques. In this paper, we present an energy-efficient, scalable and collision-free MAC layer protocol for sensor networks. The approach promotes time-based arbitration of medium access to limit signal interference among the transmission of sensors. Transmission and reception time slots are prescheduled to allow sensors to turn their radio circuitry off when not engaged. In addition, energy consumption due to active to sleep mode transitions is minimized through the assignment of contiguous transmission/reception slots to each sensor. Scalability of the approach is supported through grouping of sensors into clusters. We describe an optimization algorithm for energy conscious scheduling of time slots that prevents intra-cluster collisions and eliminates packet drop due to buffer size limitations. In addition, we also propose an arbitration scheme that prevents collisions among the transmission of sensors in different clusters. The impact of our approach on the network performance is qualified through simulation.. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collective assessment of the human resources management field: Meta-analytic needs and theory development prospects for the future ☆

Abstract The other articles in this special issue of Human Resource Management Review present meta-analyses of specific topic areas, or articles on methodological issues associated with meta-analyses, within the human resources management field. Ours is a bit different in that we do not present actual meta-analytic results, but instead conduct a thorough review of the field in order to identify areas where meta-analyses have not been conducted. Then, we discuss why such analyses have not been provided, suggestions for how we might like to see research proceed in such areas, and also implications for theory development in these areas of the field. We conclude our paper with some additional thoughts on issues to keep in mind as we seek to utilize meta-analysis to its fullest potential, and thus yield the best results possible.
The combination of arsenic trioxide and rapamycin has potent inhibitory effects on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells

13101 Background: Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) exhibits potent growth inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effects against a variety of neoplastic cells, but the precise mechanisms by which it mediates such effects are not known. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key cellular regulator of multiple signaling events that control initiation of mRNA translation in leukemia cells. We examined the effects of As2O3 on the activation of mTOR-dependent pathways that regulate initiation of mRNA translation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. We also determined the effects of the combination of As2O3 with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin on the growth of AML cell lines. Methods: The human leukemia cell lines, KG-1, U937, and MM6, were incubated and cultured with increasing concentrations of As2O3, in the presence or absence of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with an anti-p70 S6 kinase antibody, and immune-complex kinase assays to detect p70 S6 kinase activity were performed. In addi...