cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diseases with Occluded Sweat Ducts other than Eczema (Tinea Pedis, Axillary Granular Parakeratosis, and Seborrheic Dermatitis)

Tinea pedis, “fungus of the foot,” involves marked toeweb scaling, a “moccasin” pattern of scaling on the soles, and maceration. Dermatophytes including Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Epidermophyton floccosum are responsible. T. rubrum is ubiquitous, especially in locker rooms and showers (causing “athlete’s foot”). The same phenomenon is occurring in tinea pedis as in eczema. The difference is that in tinea pedis the fungus disrupts the stratum corneum and plays the role that genetic abnormalities play in eczema. Axillary granular parakeratosis, a rare disease with an unknown cause, presents clinically with a pruritic, hyperpigmented or dull red hyperkeratotic plaque in the axilla. In our examination of multiple sections of a specimen from axillary granular parakeratosis, we found periodic acid–Schiff positive occluded sweat ducts in the upper epidermis and proximal stratum corneum. We believe the occlusions arise from staphylococcal biofilms similar to those seen in miliaria, and the granules play the role of genetic abnormalities in eczema. In seborrheic dermatitis, biofilm-producing staphylococci and occluded sweat ducts form the environmental “hit” of the double-hit phenomenon and yeasts play the role of the genetic abnormalities in eczema. Management of seborrheic dermatitis usually involves bland shampoo and infrequent use of soap. The response is similar to eczema because it truly is eczema. “Cradle cap” is similar.
Transonic similarity rules for flutter and divergence

In this paper, aeroelastic similarity parameters and similarity rales are derived for transonic flutter and divergence. The rales are sufficiently simple to be useful in a design environment. It is shown that aeroelastic similarity cannot exist between the same aeroelastic model at different transonic Mach numbers, but can only exist between different models with the same aeroelastic similarity parameters. In order to have similar flows as the Mach number approaches one, the airfoil thickness and the angle of attack must be reduced and the aspect ratio must be increased. For aeroelastic similarity, the mass ratio of the model must be increased as dictated by the flutter similarity parameter, while keeping the appropriate reduced frequency parameter constant. A thicker wing operation at a lower transonic Mach number is aeroelastically similar to a thinner wing of a higher mass ratio operating at a higher transonic Mach number, and vice versa. 0 = wing elastic twist A = transonic similarity parameter for divergence H = m/npb= mass ratio p = air density = velocity potential X = transonic similarity parameter *F = transonic similarity parameter for flutter i =f nondimensional time = a>at/2n co = circular frequency, rad/s CDA = frequency of first bending mode in vacuum coa = frequency of first torsion mode in vacuum Superscripts and Subscripts / = flutter oo = conditions at upstream infinity (.) = similarity function
Locks, Keys and Majority Voting

(1979). Locks, Keys and Majority Voting. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 168-171.
In Defense of Black Box Epidemiology

Assume that an epidemiologic study has been con? ducted reporting a positive association of an exposure and a disease. The investigators selected subjects in a manner free of selection bias, response was excellent, accurate data were collected concerning exposure, po? tential confounders were carefully measured and con? trolled as needed, and a clear positive association with a dose-response gradient was found. Given this epide? miologic study, let us now vary the biological context for these results. In Scenario A, assume that there are prior studies of the exposure in experimental animals and in vitro research consistent with the reported association. In Scenario B, no relevant laboratory in? vestigations have been conducted. In Scenario C, in spite of repeated attempts, researchers have been unable to identify a mechanism by which this exposure could affect the disease and have not found similar adverse effects in experimental animals. Clearly, a com? prehensive evaluation of scientific data on health risks associated with the exposure would carefully consider the data drawn from outside of epidemiology. Should the interpretation of the epidemiologic study itself be different under these three scenarios? The historical successes of epidemiology have more often than not come from "stabs in the dark," linking vaguely understood agents through poorly defined processes to the occurrence of disease in humans. Occupational epidemiology has yielded many of the established human carcinogens, yet it typically begins with rather crude observations about patterns of dis? ease among groups of workers. The observation of an association between arsenic exposure and lung cancer in a number of industrial settings was, for many years, lacking an animal model of arsenic carcinogenicity1 with no negative implications for the quality or value of the epidemiologic data. Many epidemiologists now assume that future progress requires building our re? search only on firm biological foundations, with the era of "black box" epidemiology coming to an end. I argue instead that epidemiology remains useful (per-
The Clinical Evaluation of Left Ventricular Remoldeling after Reperfusion Therapy Using RT3DE in Patients with AMI

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic evaluation of RT3DE on the changes of early left ventricular remoldeling after reperfusion therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods: Consecutive fifty-three patients with first ST elevation AMI treated with reperfusion therapy (primary PCI or thrombolysis) were enrolled. The changes of the ST segment elevation and resolution in electrocardiograms on admission and one hour after PCI or two hours after thrombolysis was analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the extent of ST segment elevation and resolution. Group A (n=32): resolution of ST segment elevation≥50%;Group B (n=21):resolution of ST segments elevation50%.Echocardiogram (M mode echocardiography and RT3DE)was checked at 2 d,10 d,90 d after reperfusion therapy,left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and augmentation rate of LVEDV at 90 d were measured to reflect the change of left ventricular structure and function,and compare the result of M mode echocardiography and RT3DE.Results: Both M mode echocardiography and RT3DE,in compared with 2 d,it demonstrated that LVEDV and LVESV were significantly decreased,LVEF was significantly increased at 90 d(P0.05),but that was no significant difference at 10 d (P0.05) in Group A. On the other hand,in Group B,it demonstrated that LVEDV,LVESV were significantly increased,and LVEF was significantly decreased at 90 d and 10 d;the values derived from M mode echocardiography were higher than that derived from RT3ED(P0.05);in Group B,the augmentation rate of LVEDV at 90 d derived from M mode echocardiography was significantly higher than that derived from RT3DE(P0.05).Conclusions:Compared with M mode echocardiography,RT3DE can evaluate the serial changes of left ventricular remodeling in patients with acute myocardial infarction exactly,applying M mode echocardiography may overestimate the degree of left ventricular remodeling.
Synthesis of 5,5,5-Trifluoro-d,l-isoleucine and 5,5,5-Trifluoro-d,l-alloisoleucine.

The 2-amino-3-methyl-5,5,5-trifluoropentanoic acid (III) is synthesized by the methods outlined in the reaction scheme: from methallyl cyanide (I), the methyl trifluoroethyl ketone (IV), or the trifluoropentanol (VIII).
Multiplex giant magnetoresistive biosensor microarrays identify interferon-associated autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus

High titer, class-switched autoantibodies are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Dysregulation of the interferon (IFN) pathway is observed in individuals with active SLE, although the association of specific autoantibodies with chemokine score, a combined measurement of three IFN-regulated chemokines, is not known. To identify autoantibodies associated with chemokine score, we developed giant magnetoresistive (GMR) biosensor microarrays, which allow the parallel measurement of multiple serum antibodies to autoantigens and peptides. We used the microarrays to analyze serum samples from SLE patients and found individuals with high chemokine scores had significantly greater reactivity to 13 autoantigens than individuals with low chemokine scores. Our findings demonstrate that multiple autoantibodies, including antibodies to U1-70K and modified histone H2B tails, are associated with IFN dysregulation in SLE. Further, they show the microarrays are capable of identifying autoantibodies associated with relevant clinical manifestations of SLE, with potential for use as biomarkers in clinical practice.
Monoribosomal attachment to messenger ribonucleic acid in sodium fluoride-treated rabbit reticulocytes

Mild proteolysis with Pronase selectively dissociates ribosomes not attached to mRNA into subunits; ribosomes attached to mRNA remain intact. A portion of monoribosomes from reticulocytes incubated with NaF resisted proteolytic dissociation. Recovery of mRNA from monoribosomes of NaF-treated reticulocytes therefore may be explained by persistent attachment of some monoribosomes to mRNA.
Eignet sich MAGE-1 und MAGE-3 als Vakzinationsantigen bei Ösophaguskarzinomen?

Verschiedene Arbeitsgruppen identifizierten bei Patienten mit malignen Tumoren tumorassoziierte Antigene (TAA’s) und auch tumorspezifische Transplantations-Antigene (TSTA’s), gegen die eine zytotoxische T-Zell (CTL) Antwort in vitro und in vivo nachgewiesen werden konnte. Solche Antigene sind das MAGE-1-Genprodukt [8], MAGE-3-Genprodukt [6], MUC1 [1], Melanomspezifische Tyrosinase, mutiertes ras-Protoonkogen und HER2/neu [7]. Da fur all diese Antigene spezifische CTL’s existieren hofft man durch eine Vakzination mit diesen Tumorantigenen endogene antitumorale CTL’s zu aktivieren und zu klonieren.
Relation Between CBF, ICP and PVI in Severely Head Injured Children

Bruce et al. (1979; 1981) and Obrist et al. (1979; 1984) have drawn attention to the correlation between elevated ICP and hyperemia, occurring more often in children. According to these authors, the increased cerebral blood volume (CBV) which, they propose accompanies the increased CBF, is the chief cause of high ICP. The exceptional results obtained by Bruce et al. (1979; 1981) were ascribed specifically to the generous use of hyperventilation to decrease CBF and CBV, resulting in control of ICP. On the other hand, the use of mannitol to control ICP in children was discouraged, as this agent had been found to increase CBF in a number of head injured patients in the past.
Amine–boranes bearing borane-incompatible functionalities: application to selective amine protection and surface functionalization

The first general open-flask synthesis of amine–boranes with inexpensive and readily available reagents, such as sodium borohydride, sodium bicarbonate, water, and the desired amines is described. Even amines bearing borane-reactive functionalities, such as alkene, alkyne, hydroxyl, thiol, ester, amide, nitrile, and nitro are well tolerated. Some of these novel amine–boranes represent stable molecules containing potentially incompatible electrophilic and nucleophilic centers in proximity. This convenient scalable synthesis provides a novel class of organic ligands for surface functionalization, as demonstrated by the formation of self-assembled layers of thiol- and alkoxysilane-bearing amine–boranes on gold and silica surfaces, respectively.
Characteristics of coda waves: Central and southcentral Alaska

Abstract Code amplitude decay rates as a function of lapse time (time measured from the origin time) for two moderate size Alaskan earthquakes are related to their known values of seismic moments. This relation is then used to compute seismic moments from coda-wave data for a selected group of small earthquakes located in the greater Fairbanks, Alaska, seismic zone. The computed values of moment appear to be consistent with the local magnitudes. Next, with the moment and magnitude data, an empirical moment-magnitude relation is obtained for central and southcentral Alaska. This relation is similar to those for central and northern California proposed by others. Computation for Q values in the frequency ( f ) band 1.03 to 1.5 Hz for central and southcentral Alaska with local coda-wave data yielded values in the range from about 160 to 290. The minimum of Q(f) appears to be in the frequency interval from 0.5 to 1.5 Hz. Moreover, Q values ( f = 1 Hz) in the above range have been recently reported by others for areas in western United States having similar tectonic history as the Alaskan study area.
Risk Stratification for Hospital Readmission of Heart Failure Patients: A Machine Learning Approach

Being able to stratify patients according to 30-day hospital readmission risk, anticipated length and cost of stay can guide clinicians in discharge planning and intervention recommendation, leading to an increase of quality of care, and a decrease of healthcare cost. We present a comparative performance analysis of decision trees, boosted decision trees and logistic regression models that can flag, at the time of discharge, patients with an anticipated early, lengthy and expensive readmission. We validate our models using discharge records of 500K congestive heart failure patients from California-licensed hospitals.
A Brief History of Research on Mitotic Mechanisms

This chapter describes in summary form some of the most important research on chromosome segregation, from the discovery and naming of mitosis in the nineteenth century until around 1990. It gives both historical and scientific background for the nine chapters that follow, each of which provides an up-to-date review of a specific aspect of mitotic mechanism. Here, we trace the fruits of each new technology that allowed a deeper understanding of mitosis and its underlying mechanisms. We describe how light microscopy, including phase, polarization, and fluorescence optics, provided descriptive information about mitotic events and also enabled important experimentation on mitotic functions, such as the dynamics of spindle fibers and the forces generated for chromosome movement. We describe studies by electron microscopy, including quantitative work with serial section reconstructions. We review early results from spindle biochemistry and genetics, coupled to molecular biology, as these methods allowed scholars to identify key molecular components of mitotic mechanisms. We also review hypotheses about mitotic mechanisms whose testing led to a deeper understanding of this fundamental biological event. Our goal is to provide modern scientists with an appreciation of the work that has laid the foundations for their current work and interests.
Interaction Between Nanoparticles and Plasma Proteins: Effects on Nanoparticle Biodistribution and Toxicity

Nanoparticles are increasingly used in biomedical applications as active pharmaceutical ingredients, drug carriers, or medical devices. Nanoparticles interaction with plasma proteins may influence their biodistribution by promoting interaction with and uptake by the circulating and tissue resident phagocytes. Biodistribution to off intended target-sites may lead to decrease in therapeutic efficacy and result in undesirable toxicities. Therefore understanding nanoparticle physicochemical properties, which determine protein binding, and consequences of protein corona on nanoparticle biodistribution and toxicity are important elements of the preclinical development of nanomedicines and nanoparticle-based medical devices. The focus of this chapter is to discuss the most recent data on nanoparticle interactions with blood components and how particle size and surface charge define their compatibility with the immune system.
Investigation of the correlation of building energy use intensity estimated by six building performance simulation tools

Abstract This paper reports the investigation of the correlation of building energy use intensities, estimated by six building performance simulation programs and, based on findings, establishes formulas for conversion of each program to another in selected simulation tools. The data used for the analyses was collected from 15 residential projects and 180 simulation runs in two construction modes: as-built and code compliance (California's Title 24 Standard), using six different simulation tools. The data set included heating and cooling energy use intensities, multiple building attributes, and climate conditions. The results were compared by various program combination sets to analyze and determine the correlation of estimated energy use intensities (EUIs). The statistical analysis of the collected data revealed that heating EUI conversion formulas were more robust than those of cooling EUIs, and a project case generating moderate or high EUIs generated lower error rates than that with low EUIs. Since building energy performance always generates significant discrepancies, depending on the simulation tools adopted, the outcome of this study will help building performance stakeholders understand the estimated energy performance of one tool as compared to that of another. The result will also be helpful for designing a high performance building without a technical mishap.
SCANNER: Sequence clustering of android resource accesses

The average Android OS user has on average 95 applications (apps) installed on his mobile device. On installation or at runtime, Android applications request various permissions that the users have to agree to in order to use the core functionalities of the apps. This can represent a security or privacy risk that the users are often unaware of when they simply accept the request. To better understand the behavior of these apps, there exist several static or dynamic analysis tools to extract information such as permission requirement or ratings. However most of them do not examine the sequential resource accesses of the applications which can be critical. This work presents SCANNER, a system to characterize the behavior of Android applications by examining their sequential resource access which complements the existing static and dynamic frameworks. SCANNER uses the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) to describe ordered sequences and contrasts it with the use of statistical access rates for characterizing application behaviors. Using these features we are able to cluster similarly behaving applications based on their resource access over time. Our results showed that the use of LCS features can help identify similarly behaving applications with resource access patterns that cannot always be represented through the use of access rates alone.
Same-Day Discharge after Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: An Analysis of the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program Database

Background Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) has been performed with successful discharge on postoperative day 1 (POD1). There are limited studies on same-day discharge after LRYGB. The objective of this study was to examine the frequency and outcomes of same-day discharge after LRYGB. Study Design The 2015 Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP) database was analyzed for adult patients who underwent elective LRYGB cases with same-day vs POD1 discharge. Open and revisional cases were excluded. Multivariate analysis was performed to compare risk-adjusted 30-day mortality, overall morbidity, readmission, and reoperation. Results There were 354 (0.9%) patients who were discharged on the same day as surgery after LRYGB. After exclusion criteria, 319 patients with same-day discharge and 9,402 patients with POD1 discharge were examined. For same-day vs POD1 discharge groups, mean ages were 45.0 and 44.5 years, respectively, and mean BMIs were 47.3 kg/m2 and 45.9 kg/m2, respectively. The unadjusted mortality rate was significantly higher for same-day compared with POD1 discharge (0.94% vs. 0.05%, respectively; p = 0.0017). Compared with POD1 discharge, same-day discharge had higher overall morbidity (3.76% vs 1.54%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.41; p = 0.0216), but no statistically significant differences for readmissions (3.45% vs. 3.66%; AOR 0.85; p = 0.9999) or reoperations (1.88% vs. 0.89%; AOR 2.33; p = 0.2428). Conclusions Same-day discharge after LRYGB is associated with increased morbidity and mortality compared with POD1 discharge. The practice of same-day discharge after LRYGB should be considered experimental until further studies confirm which patient characteristics will ensure safe same-day discharge.
Applying Utility Theory to Improve Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Mission Playload Planning and Replanning

This work presents a method by which utility theory can be applied to the payload decision making processes of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) for mission planning and replanning purposes. Such an application allows AUVs to determine the ‘best’ payload to use for a specific mission without operator intervention, thus improving AUV reliability while the vehicle is out of communication range from the operator. Because ‘best’ is subjective, focusing on relevant payload attributes and tailoring these functions to individual operator preferences ensures a unique vehicle makes decisions that align with a unique operator’s preferences. The creation of these functions is an iterative process that involves interviewing an individual operator to determine the form and weight of that operator’s preferences based upon theoretical payload attributes, followed by the testing of the resulting equation using actual payload attributes. Contained in this paper are example utility functions that take into consideration three attributes each for describing the decision making preferences for three AUV operators when determining the appropriate side scan sonar to use to perform a specific seabed imagining mission. These three functions were tested and determined to produce results that align with the individual operators’ preferences, thus validating the appropriateness of these equations for these operators on this mission.
Situating Deliberative Rhetoric in Ancient Greece: The Bouleutêrion as a Venue for Oratorical Performance

Our understanding of the origins and early development of Greek rhetoric can be enlarged and sharpened by attending to the specific historical, cultural, and material contexts in which it was embed...
Fractures of the tibial plafond. Evolving treatment concepts for the pilon fracture.

SUMMARY Pilon fractures represent a most difficult challenge to the orthopedist. Assessment of the degree of energy causing the fracture and careful planning of the joint reconstruction will lead to acceptable results in most cases. High-energy pilon fractures should be treated with great care and respect because the risk of complications is high and the likelihood of a good functional ankle is less predictable. Detailed and individualized postoperative care coupled with a knowledge of salvage procedures, should complications develop, are needed to treat the full spectrum of pilon injuries.
Thermal oxide patterning method for compensating coating stress in silicon x-ray telescope mirrors

Segmented X-ray telescope mirrors fabricated from thin silicon substrates are being developed by a group at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for future generation telescopes such as the Lynx mission concept. The Goddard team has demonstrated high precision silicon mirrors with high angular resolution (~1’’) manufactured by a simple, low cost process. However, the required high-Z optical coatings on mirror front surfaces are difficult to deposit without significant compressive thin film stress, which threatens to distort mirrors and negate the benefits of the high quality substrates. Coating stress reduction methods have been investigated by several groups, but none to date have reported success on real mirrors to the required tolerances. In this paper, we report a new method for correcting mirrors with stress-induced distortion which utilizes a micro-patterned silicon oxide layer on the mirror’s back side. Due to the excellent lithographic precision of the patterning process, we demonstrate stress compensation control to a precision of ~0.3%. The proposed process is simple and inexpensive due to the relatively large pattern features on the photomask. The correction process has been tested on flat silicon wafers with 30 nm-thick chrome coatings under compressive stress and achieved surface slope improvements of a factor of ~80. We have also successfully compensated two iridium-coated silicon mirrors provided by the Goddard group. The RMS slope errors on coated mirrors after compensation were only degraded by ~0.06 arc-seconds RMS axial slope compared to the initial uncoated state.
Statistical model checking for cyber-physical systems

Statistical Model Checking is useful in situations where it is either inconvenient or impossible to build a concise representation of the global transition relation. This happens frequently with cyber-physical systems: Two examples are verifying Stateflow-Simulink models and in reasoning about biochemical reactions in Systems Biology. The main problem with Statistical Model Checking is caused by rare events. We describe how Statistical Model Checking works and demonstrate the problem with rare events. We then describe how Importance Sampling with the Cross-Entropy Technique can be used to address this problem.
Preparation and characterization of microwave absorbing composite materials with GSs or FeCo/GS composites

Abstract This study mainly explored the synthesis method of graphene sheets (GSs) and FeCo/graphene sheet (FeCo/GS) composites and evaluated the microwave absorbing characteristics of composite materials containing GSs or FeCo/GS composites. First, graphite oxide (GO) was synthesized by the modified Hummers method. The synthesized GO was further used to synthesize GSs and FeCo/GS composites. Afterward, GSs or FeCo/GS composites were mixed with silicon carbide (SiC) and natural rubber (NR) to prepare microwave absorbing materials with thicknesses of 2 mm. Finally, identification and characterization of these samples were performed by XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, TGA, ESCA, RS, AFM and VNA. GSs were synthesized successfully at a low annealing temperature of 200 °C, and their thicknesses were between 0.848 nm and 2.115 nm, which corresponds to 2–6 stacked layers of graphene. FeCo/GS composites were also synthesized successfully at three different annealing temperatures. The nanoparticles of metals and metal oxides were well-dispersed on the surfaces of and the spaces between GSs. It was found that adding GSs or FeCo/GS composites into the SiC/NR sample can greatly increase reflection loss (RL) and that the absorbing peak shifts to lower frequencies as the concentration of added particles increases. The optimum concentration of added GSs was 2 wt.%. The GS-200-2% sample possessed the lowest RL value of −31.27 dB at 7.6 GHz. The optimum concentration of added FeCo/GS composites was 3 wt.%. The AGS-450-3% sample possessed the lowest RL value of −20.67 dB at 7.8 GHz.
A multimodal intelligent monitoring system for turning processes

Abstract Online process condition monitoring is an essential component of closed-loop process-level automation of machining operations. This paper describes the development of an intelligent monitoring system for turning processes, which consists of three units: a tool wear predictor, a chatter detector and a tool chipping detector. Features are extracted from the signals of multiple low-cost and low-intrusive sensors, and then normalized using a novel scheme to eliminate their dependence on cutting conditions, workpiece materials and cutting tools. A systematic feature selection procedure, coupled with automated signal preprocessing parameter selection, is presented to select the optimal feature set for each unit. The tool wear unit is built with type-2 fuzzy basis function networks to predict tool wear with uncertainty bounds, while the chatter unit and tool chipping unit are built with support vector machines to maximize the classification fidelity. Experimental results show that the monitoring system achieved high accuracy, generalized applicability and satisfactory robustness for all the three process conditions, by using two affordable sensors: a power meter and an accelerometer. The three monitoring schemes are integrated into a monitoring software so that they can be implemented in different environments with minimal calibration efforts.
Exploring the Role of Feedback and its Impact within a Digital Badge System from Student Perspectives

In academic settings where digital badges are taking over conventional task formats, educators are faced with the challenge of how to deliver and assess content and skills within badges. Imposing a mastery learning approach, where feedback is key, to a digital badge system may be a potential solution to using digital badges within higher education. As a way to support student learning, Guskey, Journal of Advanced Academics, 19(1), 8–31 (2007) emphasizes the importance of not only frequent feedback but specific feedback. In order to examine how students are using feedback to inform their coursework within a digital badge context, an online survey was designed consisting of open-ended questions about the nature and value of instructional feedback within a digital badge system. Results from the questionnaire indicated three major thematic groups illustrating feedback from the students’ perspective: Importance and Nature of Feedback, Authority over Knowledge and Learning, and Learning for Mastery.
Electronics Systems for the Gamma Ray Energy Tracking Nuclear Array (GRETA)

The Gamma Ray Energy Tracking Nuclear Array (GRETA), a 4-π germanium detector system capable of measuring energy and position (within better than 2mm rms) of gamma-ray interaction points and tracking multiple gamma-ray interactions, is being designed. GRETA is composed of 30 detector modules, each with four high purity germanium crystals. Four electronics modules will support the operation of the detectors: the Digitizer Module, the Signal Filter Board and the Trigger and Timing Modules. The Digitizer Module converts the analog information with analog to digital converters operating at 100 MS/s and sends the conversions through fiber optics to the Signal Filter Board. The Signal Filter Board digitally processes the data to determine the energy and timing information of the gamma interactions within a crystal. The Digitizer and Signal Filter Board send trigger information to the Trigger System. Different trigger algorithms for trigger decision are planned for the Trigger System. The Timing System provides the clock for the electronics systems and auxiliary detectors. In this paper we review the details of the planned GRETA Electronics System.
THE IMPERATIVE IN –TO IN PLAUTUS AND TERENCE

Latin is one of the best documented and most extensively studied of any language: nearly every area has been subject to continued and intense scrutiny, with ideas from recent subfields of linguistics providing a fresh look at some old topics. The Latin future (or –to) imperative, the form that conveys commands for non-immediate execution, constitutes precisely such a topic in Latin linguistics: from the Roman Imperial period on, students have demarcated the usages, syntax and context-specific features associated with this form; more recently, scholars have applied ideas from various linguistic subfields to achieve new insights. Given that the –to imperative is so well understood, it might come as a surprise to find that some matters pertaining to it are still debated. This paper will address four such contested areas: first, its register (is it colloquial—that is, a feature of everyday speech—or elevated?); second, the form's politeness (is the –to imperative ‘softer’ than the present imperative?); third, the temporal scope of the –to imperative (can it ever really pertain to orders for immediate execution, and thus overlap with the present imperative?); and fourth, the sensitivity of the form to social factors, that is, to the identity of the speaker and the addressee. (Did slaves avoid using the form with superiors? Did women, held to be more polite than men, refrain from it? By contrast, was the speech of citizen males characterized by a high frequency of the –to imperative?)
Pioneers of the final frontier

In We Could Not Fail , authors Richard Paul and Steven Moss explore the premise that NASA9s activity in the South precipitated and facilitated that region9s transition from an economy based on cotton and other agrarian activities to a more technology-driveneconomy that improved employment opportunities for African Americans. Though ultimately unconvinced that NASA played a significant role in transforming the African American workforce in the South, reviewer Claudia Alexander commends Paul and Moss for bringing these little-known histories to light.
Aggregate Inverse Mean Estimation for Sufficient Dimension Reduction

–Many well-known sufficient dimension reduction methods investigate the inverse conditional moments of the predictors given the response. The required linearity condition, the number and ar...
Adaptations to exercise in compensators and noncompensators in the E-MECHANIC Trial.

In sedentary individuals with overweight and obesity, achievement of expected weight loss from long-term exercise training was associated with individual adaptations in perceived exertion. Contrary...
Pore-Filled PEMs from Poly(Phenylene Sulfonic Acid)s and Electrospun Poly(Phenylene Sulfone) Fiber Mats

A novel, composite, non-PFSA-based fuel cell membrane has been fabricated using a pore filling technique. The membrane consists of a mechanically stabilizing skeleton from an electrospun poly(phenylene sulfone) (PPSU) fiber mat and a thermally crosslinkable poly(phenylene sulfonic acid) (cPPSA) proton conducting ionomer that fills the interfiber voids. cPPSA copolymer was synthesized using Ullmann coupling copolymerization of 4,4-dibromobiphenyl 3,3-disulfonic acid with 1,4-dibromobenzene-2,5-disulfonic, followed by grafting a certain fraction of backbone sulfonic acid groups with biphenyl linker. The PPSU fiber mat was electrospun from NMP/acetone solution. Pore-filling was carried out by pouring a solution of cPPSA in methanol over the mat, followed by heating at 70oC to evaporate solvent. The cPPSA was crosslinked by an additional heating step, in a vacuum oven at 210oC for 5 hours. The resultant membrane had excellent proton conductivity, 5 times greater than that of Nafion® 211 in the 40-90% RH range at 80oC.
Between confidence and procedural flexibility in calculus

Greater flexibility with procedures is known to be associated with greater conceptual knowledge of mathematics and vice versa. In parallel, a student’s emotional relationship to mathematics – i.e. ...
Screening Pediatric Medical Patients for Suicide Risk: Is Depression Screening Enough?

Abstract Purpose Medically ill youth are at increased risk for suicide. For convenience, hospitals may screen for suicide risk using depression screening instruments, though this practice might not be adequate to detect those at risk for suicide. This study aims to determine whether depression screening can detect suicide risk in pediatric medical inpatients who screen positive on suicide-specific measures. Methods A convenience sample of medical inpatients ages 10–21 years were recruited as part of a larger instrument validation study. Participants completed the Ask Suicide-Screening Questions, the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire/Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire-Junior, and the Patient Health Questionnaire–Adolescent Version (PHQ-A). Univariate and multivariate statistics were calculated to examine the relationship between screening positive for depression and suicide risk. Results The sample consisted of 600 medical inpatients (59.2% female; 55.2% white; mean age 15.2 ± 2.84 years). Of participants who screened positive for suicide risk (13.5%; 81/600), 39.5% (32/81) did not screen positive for depression, and more than half (45/81) did not endorse PHQ-A item 9, which queries for thoughts of harming oneself or being better off dead. Twenty-six participants (32%) who screened negative for depression and on PHQ-A item nine were at risk for suicide. Conclusions In this sample, depression screening alone failed to detect nearly a third of youth at risk for suicide. Although depression and suicide risk are strongly related, a significant portion of pediatric medical inpatients at risk for suicide may pass through the healthcare system unrecognized if depression screening is used as a proxy for identifying suicide risk.
Influence of shotblasting treatment on asphalt pavement performance

The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of using shotblasting treatment to improve surface friction of asphalt pavements. This study selected six pavement sections with low ski...
The Impostor Phenomenon Revisited: Examining the Relationship between Workplace Impostor Thoughts and Interpersonal Effectiveness at Work

Prevailing wisdom paints the impostor phenomenon as detrimental. In this work, I seek to rebalance the existing conversation around this phenomenon by highlighting that it may also have interperson...
Effect of winter supplementation level on yearling-system profitability1

ABSTRACT Winter supplementation level economics in a forage-based calf backgrounding system were analyzed by combining 6 studies. In each study, British-breed calves were backgrounded on corn residue with high (HI) or low (LO) winter supplementation level treatments, grazed through the summer, and finished. Within study, cattle were assigned randomly to treatment with identical implant procedures and finishing diets. Feedlot performance values were adjusted to an equal fat thickness. During winter backgrounding, HI gained 0.35 kg/d (P 0.19) during finishing, but HI had 0.08 kg greater ADG (P = 0.06) and 35 kg greater final BW (P
Helium Implantation Effects in Vanadium and Niobium

There are a number of materials problems associated with the controlled thermonuclear reactor (CTR). One of these involves energetic particle (hydrogen isotopes and helium) fluxes which are high enough to attain considerable fluence levels in relatively short times (days or weeks of operation). The effects of this particle bombardment on first wall, collector and divertor assemblies must be considered, and consequently there have recently been a number of studies1–3 in the area of high dose hydrogen isotope and helium irradiation of metals. These studies show the manifestation of the gas accumulation — such as bubbles, blisters, exfoliation — to have a considerable influence on the material behavior and on gas reemission characteristics. Both surface morphology and gas reemission are important variables to understand in order to achieve viable CTR component designs.
Schrödinger's real wave equation (continued): Why did he fail to derive it in its general form?

Abstract In a previous article [1] we analyzed Schrodinger's early writings and showed that he was persistent in his belief in the real — as opposed to the complex — wave function, and that this is in line with his general view on the nature of quantum mechanics [2]. An important question was left unanswered: Why could he not derive the real wave equation that he wanted? (in its general form, including the nonconservative case). On this, we have obtained more insight lately, and we will give an account in this note. Among Schrodinger's writings related to this subject, we find one part that deserves special attention. In his letter to Lorentz (1926) [3] he discussed the difficulty he had in finding a satisfactory relation between Ψr ( Re(Ψ)) and Ψ1 ( Im(Ψ)) (as we can understand, if Ψ1 became expressible in terms of Ψr it could then be eliminated entirely from the complex wave equation). Note that he did it in the context of the free-particle motion. The nature of the difficulties he met herein is therefore amenable to a relatively simple analysis. Let us then pursue this point.
Spouses of Patients with Dementia

Abstract Caregiver spouses struggle to cope with the multiple demands of caregiving and complexities of medical care. In this article, the emotional, marital, attachment, and spiritual aspects of spousal caregiving for patients with dementia are addressed. This paper explores what keeps spouses together during this devastating illness. The literature has been reviewed to identify value systems that enable spouses to continue caregiving in these challenging circumstances. Articles were targeted that focus on the psychological and spiritual meaning of the marital bond, and its disruption when a spouse develops dementia. Recommendations for the clinical management of caregiver burden emerge from a pluralistic understanding that encompasses such constructs as “quid pro quo”; commitment and family solidarity; holding on to the familiar versus “letting go”; rupture and repair of the marital bond; mastery of separation-individuation; spirituality; changes in the sexual relationship; and reaching out for emotiona...
Toward a Class-Cultural Theory of Social Movements: Reinterpreting New Social Movements

This paper examines the relationship between social class and social mobilization through reviewing the case of new social movements. The middle-class membership of new social movements is well documented but poorly explained by current New Class, New Social Movement, and Cultural Shift theories. These theories fail to recognize the interdependence between interests, values, and expressed ideas. Class culture provides an alternative framework for interpreting the complex relationships between class interests and consciousness in these movements. Through a comparison of working- and middle-class cultures, it is proposed that social class orders consciousness and shapes the interpretation of interests. Class cultures produce distinct class forms of political and organizational behavior while not defining any particular content of movement issues or politics. In particular, the middle-class membership of new social movements is explained by the cultural form of these movements which is distinctly middle class.
Evolvable hardware system at extreme low temperatures

This paper describes circuit evolutionary experiments at extreme low temperatures, including the test of all system components at this extreme environment (EE). In addition to hardening-by-process and hardening-bydesign, “hardening-by-reconfiguration”, when applicable, could be used to mitigate drifts, degradation, or damage on electronic devices (chips) in EE, by using re-configurable devices and an adaptive self-reconfiguration of their circuit topology. Conventional circuit design exploits device characteristics within a certain temperature/radiation range; when that is exceeded, the circuit function degrades. On a reconfigurable device, although component parameters change in EE, a new circuit design, suitable for new parameter values, may be mapped into the reconfigurable structure to recover the initial circuit function. This paper demonstrates this technique for circuit evolution and recovery at liquid nitrogen temperatures (-196.6°C). In addition, preliminary tests are performed to assess the survivability of the evolutionary processor at extreme low temperatures.
The Thin Line Between Love and Hate: Why Affinity-Based Securities and Investment Fraud Constitutes a Hate Crime

The Thin Line Between Love and Hate: Why Affinity-Based Securities and Investment Fraud Constitutes a Hate Crime, 36 U.C. Davis 1073 (2003) explores the parallels between the prototypical hate crime and affinity fraud - securities and investment fraud that targets identifiable religious, racial and ethnic groups - and asserts that those parallels justify treating affinity fraud as a hate crime.
Nonrigid image registration by the deformation based grid generation

A novel nonrigid image registration algorithm is developed using a well-established mathematic work known as deformation based grid generation. The deformation based grid generation is capable to generate a grid free of mesh folding, which is achieved by devising a positive monitor function describing the anticipated grid point density in the computational domain. Based on this method, a novel nonrigid image registration algorithm is successfully developed with many interesting features. First of all, the functional to be optimized during the image registration process consists of only one term—the similarity term. Thus, no regularization functional is required in this method, not to mention the weight to balance the regularization functional and the similarity functional commonly required in many nonrigid image registration methods. Nevertheless, the regularity (no mesh folding) of the resultant deformation vector field is theoretically guaranteed. Secondly, since no regularization term is introduced in the functional to be optimized, the resultant deformation vector field is highly flexible that large deformation frequently experienced in inter-patient or image-atlas registration tasks can be accurately estimated. We present the detailed description of our proposed nonrigid image registration method with different implementations, alone with several 2D and 3D experimental results evaluating the registration quality, performance, and noise tolerance capability.
Exploring How We Enjoy Antihero Narratives

Affective disposition theory (ADT), which nicely explains enjoyment of traditional hero narratives, appears somewhat limited in its ability to explain antihero narratives, primarily because of the moral complexity of the protagonists. Recent work proposes that viewers over time develop story schema that permit antihero enjoyment, despite character immorality. This article reports results from three studies that support this claim. Specifically, the findings indicate that moral judgment may be less important to antihero enjoyment than ADT would predict, that previous exposure to an antihero narrative alters responses to similar narratives, and that moral disengagement cues impact the enjoyment process. Ultimately, the studies offer empirical evidence of how antihero narratives are enjoyed differently than their traditional hero counterparts.
UML extensions for honeypots in the ISTS Distributed Honeypot Project

A distributed honeypot system is a collection of honeypots distributed throughout the Internet that send their data to a central analysis point. In such a system, the need for automation, flexibility, and transparency in data control, data capture, and honeypot cleanup is more readily satisfied with virtual machine technology than with native installations. The Distributed Honeypot Project at Dartmouth College's Institute for Security Technology Studies has extended (and proposed further extensions to) User-Mode Linux (UML), a virtual-machine version of the Linux operating system, to satisfy these needs. The extensions make UML a more suitable honeypot platform, and will be useful to any Linux-based honeypot researcher.
Humour and Status Reversal in Greek Shadow Theatre

Abstract Traditional plays of the Greek shadow theatre deal with the adventures of Karaghiozis, a poor Greek who is the embodiment of (cunning, slyness). Plays of the comic type, and more specifically, plays in which Karaghiozis assumes a position requiring certain skills, have a standard narrative structure or plot which can be summarized as follows: A wealthy Turkish pasha or vizier, looking for a person to perform a job which requires certain skills, meets Hadziavatis, the subservient town crier, and asks for his help in finding such a person. Hadziavatis agrees at once, sets off, and invariably meets Karaghiozis, who, upon learning of the position the Turk is trying to fill, immediately claims to possess the prerequisite skills. With much humour and cleverness Karaghiozis convinces first Hadziavatis and then the Turk that he can in fact perform the job. Karaghiozis then appears on stage as the skilled person with the appropriate costume or equipment (cook'...