cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1018: Analyzing αvβ8 integrin functions in mouse and human glioma cells

In this study we aim to determine the functional roles for αvβ8 integrin in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-induced angiogenesis. These studies originate from our analyses of αvβ8 integrin in developmental brain angiogenesis. αv and β8 knockout (KO) mice develop brain-specific vascular phenotypes that resemble vascular pathologies observed in GBM. Thus, we hypothesize that altered αvβ8 integrin expression and/or function in tumor cells leads to vascular pathologies like those in GBM. Indeed, a murine xenograft model of astrocytoma suggested a role for the integrin in glioma-induced angiogenesis. Primary mouse astrocytes were cultured from wild type (WT) and β8 KO neonates to be immortalized (HPV:E6/E7) and transformed (HRas:G12V). WT and β8 KO transformed astrocytes were intracranially injected into athymic mice. WT tumors displayed pathological features of grade III astrocytomas, whereas β8 KO tumors resembled grade IV GBMs. KO tumors contained widespread edema and hemorrhage as well as pathological angiogenesis, as assessed by quantitation of microvascular density. Interestingly, astrocyte transformation resulted in a significant reduction in αvβ8 integrin cell surface expression in WT cells. Additionally, WT mouse transformed astrocytes lost αvβ8 integrin expression after approximately eight passages in vitro. Exogenous expression of β8 integrin in β8 KO transformed astrocytes resolved the pathologies observed in KO tumors giving further credence to the idea that loss of αvβ8 integrin expression correlates with tumorigenic potential of oncogene-transformed astrocytes. To compliment our mouse model, several established human glioma cell lines were characterized for expression of αvβ8 integrin protein. Some of the cell lines displayed diminished expression of αvβ8 integrin, whereas others showed increased levels, as compared to non-malignant human astrocytes. Intracranial implantation of high and low β8 integrin-expressing human glioma cell lines resulted in tumors exhibiting similar phenotypes to those observed in the mouse model; low expressers were marked by vascular pathologies indicative of β8 KO mouse tumors. Upon overexpression of β8 integrin in a low β8 integrin-expressing human glioma cell line, angiogenic pathologies were largely resolved. Collectively, these data suggest an important functional role for αvβ8 interin in glioma angiogenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1018.
CVD of Copper from (β-Diketonate)CuLn Copper(I) Precursors

Selective chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of copper is the focus of recent research interest as a result of possible applications as vertical interconnect material in multilevel metallization. A variety of copper(I) and copper(II) compounds have been used to deposit copper. In some cases, the compounds selectively deposit copper on various different surfaces. However, the origin of this selectivity is not unambiguously established at this stage. In order to derive a better understanding of the CVD processes, a series of copper(I) compounds (β-diketonate)CuLn have been synthesized and used as CVD precursors. The new species (fod)CuL, where fod = 2,2-dimethyl-6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-3,5-octanedionate and L = PMe3, 1,5-COD, 2-butyne, BTMSA and VTMS (as defined below) are described. The CVD of copper and factors affecting selective copper deposition are discussed here.
Extreme Ocean Wave Conditions for Northern California Wave Energy Conversion Device.

The work described in this document was performed in support of the marine hydrokinetic (MHK) reference model effort led by Sandia National Laboratories. The goal of the reference model effort is to develop a representative set of models for the MHK industry that establish baseline cost of energy and identify key areas for technology improvement. The focus of this report is extreme ocean wave, wind, and surface current conditions at the Northern California deployment site chosen for the Reference Model 3 point-absorber wave device. Archived data records from wave buoys at the reference site are analyzed in accordance with the recommendations of applicable design standards to calculate the 100-year wave height and period as well as extreme wind conditions.
Inexpensive microcomputer for intravenous admixture service applications.

A microcomputer system for maintaining data on intravenous piggyback (IVPB) admixture use and for generating labels for IVPB admixtures is described. The system was developed in a 558-bed hospital where the pharmacy compounds 500-800 i.v. admixtures daily. The objectives were to (1) provide an electronic profile with quick patient-search capabilities, (2) reduce time spent and errors occurring in labeling, (3) decrease duplication and consequent waste of admixtures, and (4) improve collection of drug-use statistics. Software was developed by the pharmacist to achieve these objectives. When a drug order is entered, files are automatically searched for duplication. Every 24 hours, labels for the entire patient profile are printed and statistics are generated on types of drugs used, number of each type of drug, total number of patients on IVPBs, and total number of IVPBs. A user's manual was developed and staff-training sessions were held before the system was implemented. In the first 24 months of operation, most computer downtime was caused by hardware problems. Four man-hours per day were saved in typing time (+7000 annual cost reduction). Waste of approximately six admixtures daily was prevented (+5000 annual savings). Total software development and implementation cost +5000, and hardware cost +4200. The total cost of the system was thus realized during the first year of operation.
Organising a Group

Ocean’s centenary year, 1965, was as portentous for the Company as the year of its birth. In one single year a new course was charted, and, whatever the future might hold, the Ocean Steam Ship Company had undergone an irrevocable transformation. Three events, each in their own way fundamental, distinguished the year. The decision to seek a public quotation on the Stock Exchange made untenable the family business organisational structure, and set in train a process of diversification which was to take the company to land and London. The acquisition of Liner Holdings, bringing with it the Elder Dempster fleet and other shipping interests was more in keeping with traditional business; yet the expansion of operations into new areas, new conferences, and also the control of another publicly quoted company meant a far more considerable diversion from historic interests than, say, the acquisition of China Mutual or Glen. And the decision to form Overseas Containers Ltd, OCL, was the most far-reaching of all, spelling, as it did, the end of conventional liner operations for Alfred Holt and Company.
The Stage Space: Realizations

We have, up to now, examined the relations between the transfer function, polynomial, and Hankel representations of a scalar linear system.
Assured Destruction and Strategic Sufficiency

Before these crises were upon him, McNamara was driven by the considerations outlined above, and others, from the position of the Ann Arbor speech to a modification of Controlled Response. Controlled Response had two elements, city withholding and damage limitation. The new doctrine, Damage Limitation, modified the ‘second strike counterforce option’ of the old doctrine standing alone. It was an attempt to serve the purposes of the city-withholding feature of Controlled Response which had been rendered implausible by the coupling of this feature with damage limitation, first-strike threats, and to preserve the counterforce elements of Controlled Response without its intensely destabilizing effects. The modifications embodied in Damage Limitation responded to concerns that the Russians were forced to fire for fear of losing their arsenal to a US first strike and were not deterred from attacking US cities by the US threat to destroy Russian cities. With Damage Limitation the US tried to protect US cities by means other than simply threatening Russian cities and sought the goals of counterforce targeting while loudly abjuring first strike intentions.
How to Achieve Approval of Radiolabeled-PSMA Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents

The theranostic combination of 68Ga-labeled diagnostic agents with 90Y- or 177Lu-labeled therapeutic somatostatin ligands has been shown to be a remarkably accurate and effective way to characterize and treat neuroendocrine tumors. Food and Drug Administration approval of such agents is expected to
Adjuvant Radiation Use in Older Women With Early Stage Breast Cancer at Johns Hopkins

In 2004, The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines incorporated omission of radiation therapy after breast-conservation surgery in women ≥70 years old with stage I, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer who plan to receive endocrine therapy. One study demonstrated wide variation in implementing this change across 13 NCCN institutions. We evaluated the practice pattern at our institution. We identified women ≥70 years old treated at our institution from 2009 to 2014. We calculated radiation therapy omission rate in those meeting the guidelines. We explored associations between radiation therapy omission, year of diagnosis, and patient characteristics with Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Fisher’s exact tests. A total of 667 women met the inclusion criteria, and 117 (18 %) were candidates for radiation therapy omission. Mean age among the 117 was 76.3 years (Range: 70–95). Overall radiation therapy omission rate was 36.8 %, but varied greatly by year of diagnosis (Range: 7.7–54.5 %). This variation persisted after excluding women who did not receive endocrine therapy (Mean: 39.0 %, Range: 0.0–75.0 %). Factors associated with higher radiation therapy omission rates included older age and not having pathological nodal evaluation. The radiation therapy omission rate did not vary by race, tumor type, grade, or size. The implementation of the NCCN guideline has not been consistent at our institution. Our data suggest that other tools should be considered to apply the guidelines more consistently. We have implemented a quality improvement protocol that incorporates life expectancy estimate and geriatric assessment in women meeting the NCCN guideline at our institution.
Exploring the Effect of Extreme Media on Political Trust and Efficacy

Political trust and efficacy are two crucial values in democratic society. Using propensity score matching, Taylor finds that extreme media cause significant decreases in political trust, but significant increases in internal efficacy. This means extreme television media cause people to trust government less, but they feel as those they understand it better and can make a difference. Extreme media have no effect on external efficacy in the aggregate. Using an experiment with content on S.B. 1070, Taylor explores how extreme television media effect the components of trust and efficacy in a policy-specific context. These results show that extreme media effects are best understood as subtle, aggregate level effects, which result from the nuanced framing employed by extreme television media in general and on policy-specific content.
Age-related differences in the legibility of degraded text.

Aging-related changes in the visual system diminish the capacity to perceive the world with the ease and fidelity younger adults are accustomed to. Among many consequences of this, older adults find that text that they could once read easily proves difficult to read, even with sufficient acuity correction. Building on previous work examining visual factors in legibility, we examine potential causes for these age-related effects in the absence of other ocular pathology. We asked participants to discriminate words from non-words in a lexical decision task. The stimuli participants viewed were either blurred or presented in a noise field to simulate, respectively, decreased sensitivity to fine detail (loss of acuity) and detuning of visually selective neurons. We then use the differences in performance between older and younger participants to suggest how older participants’ performance could be approximated to facilitate maximally usable designs.
Acute Kidney Injury in Pregnancy

Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (AKI) has declined in incidence in the last three decades, although it remains an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy-related causes of AKI such as preeclampsia, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver function tests, Low Platelets) syndrome, and the thrombotic microangiopathies (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome [HUS]) exhibit overlapping features and often present as diagnostic dilemmas. Differentiating among these conditions may be difficult or impossible based on clinical criteria only. In difficult and rare cases, a renal biopsy may need to be considered for the exact diagnosis and to facilitate appropriate treatment, but the risks and benefits need to be carefully weighed. The use of eculizumab for the treatment of atypical HUS has demonstrated efficacy in early case reports. Non-pregnancy related causes such as volume depletion and pyelonephritis require early and aggressive resuscitative as well as antibiotic measures respectively. We will discuss in this review the various etiologies of AKI in pregnancy, current diagnostic approaches, and the latest treatment strategies. Given the recent trends of increasing maternal age at the time of pregnancy, and the availability of modern reproductive methods increase the risks of AKI in pregnancy in the coming years.
Wisdom from Hamilton

Lin-Manuel Miranda, the guiding force of Hamilton, studied at Wesleyan University and for a time with Karl Scheibe. Hamilton is a convincing example of the value of melding the perspective of theater with the concepts of psychology. The play is not only a lesson in history—celebrating the genius of an eighteenth-century figure. It is also an exhibition of what might be achieved by adroit leadership of a talented group of people—where the ensemble performance is more than the sum of its parts. This is a musical for the ages—producing an experience for its audiences that has multidimensional depth—of character as well as of history. It is a work suffused with emotion and productive of joy.
Gonadal Steroid Hormone Receptors and Social Behaviors

In this chapter, we shall discuss one aspect of the cellular mechanism of action of steroid hormones on social behaviors, the role of steroid hormone receptors. Unfortunately, the study of cellular mechanisms of hormones is not compatible with many social behaviors. Therefore, the vast majority of these studies has been aimed at delineating the involvement of steroid hormone receptors on one social behavior — sexual behavior. In particular, most of these studies have focused on female sexual behavior, and most have used rats and guinea pigs as the model species. Very recently investigation has begun to extend into other social behaviors, including social play, aggressive behavior, and maternal behavior.
A Negativity Bias in Reframing Shapes Political Preferences Even in Partisan Contexts

Humans evolved to attend to valence and group membership when learning about their environment. The political domain offers a unique opportunity to study the simultaneous influence of these two bro...
Multimodal Analgesia in Outpatient Head and Neck Surgery: A Feasibility and Safety Study.

Importance Perioperative analgesia strategies that rely solely on narcotics may contribute to adverse effects and concerns about opioid abuse or dependence. Multimodal analgesia protocols incorporating nonnarcotic agents may reduce the need for postoperative narcotic use. Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a multimodal analgesia protocol for outpatient head and neck surgical procedures and to identify the association of the multimodal analgesia protocol with postoperative pain perception scores and patient satisfaction. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective evaluation of prospectively collected data on adults who underwent outpatient thyroid, parathyroid, and parotid surgery between July 2016 and February 2017 at the head and neck surgery service of a tertiary care hospital using a multimodal analgesia strategy with use of immediate preoperative acetaminophen and gabapentin, and intention to treat with a nonnarcotic postoperative outpatient analgesia strategy. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall patient satisfaction scores, Overall Benefit of Analgesia Score (OBAS), and median resting and peak pain scores were recorded. Incidence of reliance on a narcotic-based postoperative outpatient analgesia strategy and adverse events related to altered analgesia strategy were identified. Results Sixty-four patients (48 [75%] female; mean [SD] age, 54.6 [14.3] years) underwent outpatient thyroid, parathyroid, or parotid surgery with use of a multimodal analgesia protocol. On a 10-point rating scale, patients reported low resting pain perception scores (median, 2 [range, 0-8]) and peak pain scores (median, 4 [range, 0-9]). The OBAS assessment for composite effectiveness of analgesia indicated a favorable median score of 1 (range, 0-10; permissible range, 0-28, with lower scores better). Thirty-nine (61%) patients were able to avoid postoperative narcotic use on discharge. Fifty-six (88%) patients reported “high” or “very high” satisfaction with the multimodal analgesia strategy. No complications related to bleeding, hematoma, significant adverse events, or readmissions were observed. Conclusion and Relevance A multimodal analgesia strategy was feasible and safe in patients undergoing outpatient head and neck surgery and may reduce the need for narcotic use. It was associated with low pain perception scores, favorable OBAS, and overall satisfaction scores. The role of multimodal analgesia needs additional evaluation through comparative effectiveness assessment vs conventional pain management strategies.
Using Cytokine Reporter Mice to Visualize Type-2 Immunity In Vivo

Type-2 cytokine production plays a critical role in the context of type 2 immunity and allergic inflammation. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 are key modulators of the cell-mediated and humoral immune hallmarks most commonly associated with type-2 immune responses. However, production of these cytokines by lymphocytes and their tissue localization has been difficult to detect in vivo. As such, the field has relied heavily on ex vivo restimulation and in vitro differentiation assays to understand type-2 cytokine biology. Although these studies have greatly informed our understanding of type-2 cytokine regulation, it is becoming increasingly clear that the data does not always provide a true accounting of the complexity of type-2 immune cell biology in vivo. Described below is a protocol used to detect IL-4-competent and protein-producing cells in the lung and lymph nodes of mice after infection with a helminth. Importantly, this protocol has also been used to successfully identify reporter expression and cell function in vivo using various other cytokine-reporter systems.
Definitions in Law

We are not interested in whether the animal in question is a bird or not in fact, but whether it is one in law.1
Homer, Skepticism, and the History of Philology

Both archaeological ‘documentation’ and Homeric scholarship were satirized in Samuel Butler’s Authoress of the Odyssey, the work of a writer who devoted his life to subverting the revered institutions and mocking the sacred cows of late Victorian Britain. Butler suggests his own recipe for enlivening modernization—surely a mischievous young female author is preferable to an aged bard?—but quickly turns to making ‘presence’ ridiculous in his photographs of “Cyclopean” walls, and a “Cave of Polyphemus” that looks like any other cave.
Fluctuations in Multicomponent Systems

I give a brief review of particle and charge fluctuations in multicomponent systems. The long range nature of the Coulomb forces greatly reduce the fluctuations of the net charge Q A in a domain Λ⊂ℝ d . In particular, while the variance of particle numbers in A grows like the volume, (Q A 2) grows only like the surface area of A.
Experimental Studies of Bicritical Points in 3D Antiferromagnets

The theoretical work of Fisher, Nelson, and Kosterlitz 1–3 on the bicritical point (BCP) of a 3d antiferromagnet has stimulated many experimental investigations. Some of these experiments will be reviewed here. Recent works on random fields are not included. A short review of works up to 1976 was given by Wolf.4
Chinese migration to Cuba: racial legislation and colonial rule in the mid-nineteenth-century Spanish Empire

This article explores how the Spanish metropolitan government re-examined the colonial policy of Cuba while confronting the consequences of Chinese migration to the island during the 1850s. A stron...
Financing graduate medical education: challenges for training the next generation of electrophysiologists.

The system for graduate medical education (GME) in the USA is vital to maintaining a well-trained physician population to meet the needs of the nation. The funding of this system over the last several decades has been complicated, and the government’s role in funding GME is controversial. In this paper, the current mechanisms for funding residency and fellowship training are outlined as well as proposed changes to system. The current system has made funding electrophysiology training difficult, and the proposed changes have profound implications. It is important for the electrophysiology community to be educated and advocate for electrophysiology fellowship training such that Americans continue to have appropriate access to arrhythmia care.
Effective arteriovenous fistula alternative for hemodialysis access.

Abstract Background The use of autologous arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) for hemodialysis (HD) is the gold standard; however, for many patients at tertiary referral centers, this is not an option. Methods We conducted a four year retrospective cohort study to evaluate HD access outcomes with AVF, bovine carotid artery (BCA), and polytetrafluoroethylene arteriovenous graft (PTFE). Results The study contained 416 AVF, 175 BCA, and 58 PTFE, N = 649. There was statistical difference between rates of infection (AVF 3.4%, BCA 2.9%, PTFE 11.9%), P = 0.02. Maturation failed in 7.5% of AVF but in none of the BCA or PTFE (P = 0.001). Accesses were abandoned with AVF (1.9%), BCA (1.5%), and PTFE (9.5%), P = 0.01. Conclusion Bovine carotid artery can be an effective alternative form of HD access with lower infection, abandonment, and failure to maturation rates when autologous arteriovenous fistula is not an option.
Long-term therapy with thiazolidinediones and the risk of bladder cancer: A cohort study.

1503 Background: The US Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory agencies recently warned prescribers that use of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD), may increase the risk of bladder cancer. France and Germany removed the drug from their markets, although the rest of Europe did not. However, no information was available about the risk from alternative TZDs. We aimed to compare bladder cancer risk over time with use of TZDs relative to sulfonylureas (SUs), and between pioglitazone and rosiglitazone. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of patients with type 2 diabetes who initiated treatment with a TZD or SU using The Health Improvement Network (2000-2010), a UK general practitioner medical record database. Incident cancers within the database were identified. We computed hazard ratios (HRs) of bladder cancer for TZDs in comparison to the reference group of SU users. Results: There were 60 incident diagnoses of bladder cancer in the TZD cohort (n=18,459) and 137 in the SU cohort (n=41,396). T...
Design of Transistors Using High-Permittivity Materials

The design and modeling of dielectric superjunction transistors using combinations of ultrahigh permittivity materials and high-mobility materials are described. We show that placing high dielectric permittivity materials in the gate–drain depletion region can reduce electric field variations by screening the field due to depleted charges. This enables simultaneously high sheet charge density and breakdown voltage for scaled field-effect transistors. Using detailed 2-D device simulation of dc and high frequency characteristics, we show that extreme dielectric constant engineering provides unique opportunities for transistor design and has the potential to perform better than state-of-the-art millimeter-wave and terahertz frequency transistors.
Criticism in the USA: The Institutionalization of Shakespeare in the USA

This chapter considers critical Shakespearean innovations in the USA between the World Wars. After looking at the birth of the Folger and the Furness Shakespeare libraries, the chapter turns to other Interwar developments, most prominently the New Critics mobilizing at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee, whose members included John Crowe Ransom, Donald Davidson, and Cleanth Brooks. I also show how their avowed isolationism in politics led to them to promote a closed artistic text in poetry, a theory of close reading that came to dominate literary studies in the USA (and to a degree in the UK) from its initial codification between the World Wars to its seeming demise in the early 1960s.
Abstract 006: Role of Endothelial YingYang1 in Controlling Angiogenetic Sprouting and Maturation

Angiogenesis is essential for growth and repair, and irregularity of angiogenesis contributes to numerous malignant, inflammatory and ischemic disorders. Transcription factors that regulate angioge...
Influence of crystalline polymorphism on the phase change properties of sorbitol-Au nanocomposites

Abstract Phase change materials (PCMs) are widely purported in energy storage applications for reducing heating and cooling loads near the transition between solid and liquid phases. Recently, PCMs have gained interest for applications in passive cooling of electronic devices, which can alleviate temperature spikes that reduce the reliable lifetime of the electronics. In this application, sugar alcohols are gaining attention for use in power electronic systems because of their relatively high latent heat and suitable melting temperatures. In this study, the impact of gold nanoparticles on the thermal properties of D-sorbitol (a common sugar alcohol) are reported. Particular attention is paid to the crystallization process and impact on the formation of different crystal phases, since the crystallization process of sugar alcohols can be complicated with concomitant polymorphic crystallization of competing phases within the solid mixture. Here, it was observed that the addition of the nanoparticle in amount up to 0.002 wt% is found to create a minor increase (less than 7%) in the thermal conductivity of the sorbitol, a small decrease in the specific heat, and a significant increase in the latent heat of the sorbitol, up to 2× some cases. This increase is found to be highly dependent on the preferential phase formation of the sorbitol as influenced by the presence of Au nanoparticles.
Replacement therapy in patients with hereditary antithrombin III deficiency.

All contrast agents, including the non-ionic variety, are anticoagulant and have antiplatelet effects. There is absolutely no evidence from any source, in vitro or in vivo, that non-ionic contrast agents have any "prothrombotic" or "procoagulant" or "thrombogenic" potential, as has been suggested in some quarters. They simply have a lesser anticoagulant effect than do the ionic agents old or new, which is entirely predictable and in line with their generally greater inertness and biocompatibility. Although there may still be scope for greater understanding of structure-toxicity relationships in contrast agent design, currently it is believed that it would be impossible to restore a stronger anticoagulant effect to a non-ionic contrast agent without simultaneously restoring other aspects of toxicity. The angiographer who calls for more anticoagulant contrast agents is calling for more toxic contrast agents. It has been our clinical experience, and that of many others throughout Europe, that there has been no increase in clinically apparent thromboembolic phenomena since the introduction of non-ionic agents. Furthermore, it has been our experimental experience that, although contrast agents of all kinds play a role (inhibitory) in thromboembolism, the role of other materials used by the angiographer are of greater importance. Thus, the materials of and, indeed, the method of preparation of, the catheters and guidewires used has a great bearing on the phenomenon. Heparinization of the patient should surely be beneficial in some cases, but there is, surprisingly, no firm consensus or data on this and the individual requirements of patients vary, necessitating some method of monitoring and control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Healthcare Research and Analytics Data Infrastructure Solution: A Data Warehouse for Health Services Research.

Background: Health services researchers spend a substantial amount of time performing integration, cleansing, interpretation, and aggregation of raw data from multiple public or private data sources. Often, each researcher (or someone in their team) duplicates this effort for their own project, facing the same challenges and experiencing the same pitfalls discovered by those before them. Objective: This paper described a design process for creating a data warehouse that includes the most frequently used databases in health services research. Methods: The design is based on a conceptual iterative process model framework that utilizes the sociotechnical systems theory approach and includes the capacity for subsequent updates of the existing data sources and the addition of new ones. We introduce the theory and the framework and then explain how they are used to inform the methodology of this study. Results: The application of the iterative process model to the design research process of problem identification and solution design for the Healthcare Research and Analytics Data Infrastructure Solution (HRADIS) is described. Each phase of the iterative model produced end products to inform the implementation of HRADIS. The analysis phase produced the problem statement and requirements documents. The projection phase produced a list of tasks and goals for the ideal system. Finally, the synthesis phase provided the process for a plan to implement HRADIS. HRADIS structures and integrates data dictionaries provided by the data sources, allowing the creation of dimensions and measures for a multidimensional business intelligence system. We discuss how HRADIS is complemented with a set of data mining, analytics, and visualization tools to enable researchers to more efficiently apply multiple methods to a given research project. HRADIS also includes a built-in security and account management framework for data governance purposes to ensure customized authorization depending on user roles and parts of the data the roles are authorized to access. Conclusions: To address existing inefficiencies during the obtaining, extracting, preprocessing, cleansing, and filtering stages of data processing in health services research, we envision HRADIS as a full-service data warehouse integrating frequently used data sources, processes, and methods along with a variety of data analytics and visualization tools. This paper presents the application of the iterative process model to build such a solution. It also includes a discussion on several prominent issues, lessons learned, reflections and recommendations, and future considerations, as this model was applied. Trial Registration:
Biodiversity Conservation Can Coexist with Increasing Human Footprint

Abstract Fundamental to the success of sustainable development is a foundation of intact ecosystems. While the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 15, “Life on Land”, seeks to protect biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems, accelerating human-driven changes across the Earth system are undermining efforts to preserve biodiversity. Understanding this tension has never been more urgent and requires tools that reveal pathways for development that also support biodiversity. Here we introduce a near-present, global-scale machine learning-based human footprint index which is capable of routine update. By comparing global changes in the machine learning human footprint index between 2000 and 2019 to national-scale biodiversity metrics for Goal 15, we find that some countries are experiencing increases in their human footprint while biodiversity metrics are improving as well. We further examine development and policy dynamics to uncover enabling mechanisms for balancing increased human pressure with biodiversity gains. This has immediate policy relevance, since the majority of countries globally are not on track to achieve Goal 15 by the declared deadline of 2030. Moving forward, the machine learning human footprint index can be used for ongoing monitoring and evaluation support toward the twin goals of fostering a thriving society and global Earth system.
The social significance of chaplains: evidence from a national survey

How often do people have contact with chaplains? How valuable do they find that contact? We answer these questions with data from a 2019 NORC AmeriSpeaks survey. Twenty-one percent of respondents had contact with a chaplain in the past two-years, 57% in a healthcare setting. The majority find that contact moderately or very valuable. Christians were more likely than non-Christians and respondents with no religion to have contact with chaplains. People of color who were not Christians or had no religion were more likely than their white counterparts to have contact with a chaplain. Those living in the southern and western United States were also more likely than those living in the northeast to have contact with a chaplain. When contact with a chaplain did take place, Christians were more likely than those of no religion to find the contact moderately or very valuable. Respondents from the midwest, south, and west, those who were more educated, and those who were older were also more likely to find contact with a chaplain valuable.
The Need for Nutritional Education Reform in US Medical Education System.

BackgroundTo compare the setting, quality, and utility of nutritional education received by general surgery residents and faculty surgeons and their perceptions and challenges in managing patient n...
Recipes for Human Albumin Macroaggregates (perspective on “Suspensions of Radioalbumin Aggregates for Photoscanning the Liver, Spleen, Lung and Other Organs” J Nucl Med. 1964;5:259–275)

The search for new diagnostic approaches is important, especially when they hold promise for solving an unmet clinical need. Yet, no less important is the simplification of methodologic aspects of new techniques. Only then can they be readily, easily, and successfully used in the clinical setting.
Factors influencing dock-less E-bike-share mode substitution: Evidence from Sacramento, California

Abstract Dock-less e-bike-share use is likely to reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and related greenhouse emissions – if it substitutes for car use. If the major mode shift comes from public transit, owned bike, or walking, the benefits will be more limited. The goal of this paper is to identify the factors influencing mode substitution, defined here as the mode that is replaced when bike-share is used. The analysis shows that the dominant mode substitution for trips of less than 1 mile for most trip purposes is walking. Long trips and non-commute trips that start at non-commercial locations are likely to represent car substitution and some groups, such as women, non-membership holders and those who have a private car, are more likely to report car substitution for any trip purpose. These results provide guidance for designing bike-share operations and policies to enhance car substitution.
Statistical Modeling Approaches with Taste Functioning and Central Adiposity in Women: Implications for Mining the New National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Taste and Smell Protocol

For the first time, taste functioning is assessed in NHANES 2013-2014 with measures that capture genetic and environmentally-mediated variation in taste, previously shown to associate with diet beh...
Impact of spatially distributed nonaqueous phase liquid saturation and water content on soil vapor extraction in heterogeneous porous media

The spatial distribution of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) saturation, water content, and soil permeability determines the pore-scale processes that control soil vapor extraction (SVE) and the time scales for cleanup. It is now understood that there are three forms of NAPL phase in the vadose zone: free NAPL that is mobile and in contact with gas, residual NAPL that is immobile and in contact with gas, and trapped NAPL that is immobile and surrounded by water. We use a new k-S-P constitutive model that considers all three NAPL forms. The multiphase flow simulator (STOMP), which includes this new constitutive model, is used to distribute NAPL in heterogeneous porous media. For soil vapor extraction, we describe a conceptual model that distinguishes rate-limited mass transfer of trapped NAPL from equilibrium partitioning of free NAPL. The current STOMP, which does not include this new conceptual model for SVE, is first used to distribute NAPL in a stratified system, and then to simulate NAPL removal during soil vapor extraction (SVE). Simulation results show that the amount of trapped NAPL depends on water saturation and soil permeability, and the formation of residual NAPL has an influence on the amount of NAPL retained in the unsaturated zone due to the reduced NAPL relative permeability. SVE results show that it is necessary to consider the change of water saturation and NAPL forms over time in order to simulate mass transfer mechanisms from various forms of NAPL.
Sense and Sensibility in Kant's Practical Agent: Against the Intellectualism of Korsgaard and Sidgwick

: Drawing on a wide range of Kant's recorded thought beyond his Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, this essay presents an overview of Kant's account of practical agency as embodied practical agency and argues against the intellectualized interpretations of Kant's account of practical agency presented by Christine Korsgaard and Henry Sidgwick. In both Kant's empirical-psychological and metaphysical descriptions of practical agency, he presents a recognizably human practical agent that is broader and deeper than the faculty of reason alone. This agent chooses action from a reflective distance, but not from the complete affective distance of reason. We choose neither as reason alone, nor even as the sum of all of our ‘higher’ faculties, of cognition (including reason), feeling, and desire, in Kant's view. Instead, we choose as an agent that also has ‘lower’, ‘sensible’ faculties, of cognition (including sense), feeling, and desire, which together comprise our ‘sensibility’. These mental states of sensibility are not merely confused versions of our higher cognitions, feelings, or desires, and so different from them in degree only, but are instead distinct from our higher states in kind also; and these distinct sensible states are not dependent on our higher states and so on a commitment to the value of humanity, for example. For this reason, a choice in favour of sensible states and in opposition to the moral law need in no way undermine its own foundations and thus be incoherent, as Korsgaard and Sidgwick argue, but instead only immoral. Because Kant does not reduce the problem of immoral choice to one of insufficient reflection and ensuing confusion, he does not view moral progress in cognitive terms alone, whether in the form of a clearer understanding of the moral law, improved judgment in applying it, or deeper insight into our own nature as practical agents. Kant instead recognizes the crucial importance of cultivating our feelings and desires over the course of a lifetime both as a way to make ourselves worthy of the humanity within us directly and also as a way to facilitate future moral choices.
Insomnia symptoms and repressive coping in a sample of older Black and White women.

Background This study examined whether ethnic differences in insomnia symptoms are mediated by differences in repressive coping styles.
Central giant-cell reparative granuloma: Report of a case

Abstract A 57-year-old Caucasian woman who had suffered a traumatic injury 39 years previously developed a central giant-cell reparative granuloma which was treated successfully by concomitant endodontic therapy and surgical enucleation. Occasionally this type of lesion may recur, and periodic observation is strongly advised. This case indicates the necessity for evaluation of clinically unusual apical pathosis by biopsy.
Primitive path delay fault identification

We present a novel and efficient method to identify all primitive single and multi path delay faults (PDFs) in multi-level combinational circuits. Our method is the first one to successfully target the primitive PDF identification problem for multi-level circuits-previous research results in this area have been limited either to the identification of primitive PDFs only for 2-level circuits, or to the identification of only a subset of the complete set of paths which need not be tested for delay faults. Our primitive PDF identification procedure is based on determining which paths or sets of paths determine the signal stabilization time at the circuit outputs. We demonstrate the feasibility of the approach for mid-sized benchmark circuits.
Hierarchical visualization for chance discovery

Chance discovery has achieved much success in discovering events that, though rare, are important to human decision making. Since humans are able to efficiently interact with graphical representations of data, it is useful to use visualizations for chance discovery. KeyGraph enables efficient visualization of data for chance discovery, but does not have provisions for adding domain-specific constraints. This contribution extends the concepts of KeyGraph to a visualization method based on the target sociogram. As the target sociogram is hierarchical in nature, it allows hierarchical constraints to be embedded in visualizations for chance discovery. The details of the hierarchical visualization method are presented and a class of problems is defined for its use. An example from software requirements engineering illustrates the efficacy of our approach.
The structure of K2BaCo(NO2)6 at 233°K.: a static Jahn-Teller distortion

Abstract The structure of K 2 BaCo(NO 2 ) 6 has been determined at 233°K; the crystals, which are cubic at room temperature, are orthorhombic, space group Fmmm, at 233°K with a =10.51(3) A, b =10.68(3) A, an c = 10.51(3) A. The hexanitrocobaltate(II) ion, which appears to be octahedral with a cobalt-nitrogen distance of 1.98(2) A at room temperature, is elongated along one axis to give cobalt-nitrogen distances of 1.90(2) A, 1.94(6) A, and 2.10(2) A. The results are indicative of a dynamic Jahn-Teller distortion at room temperature and a static Jahn-Teller distortion at 233°K; the elongation along one axis is the type of distortion observed for most complexes of copper(II).
Is emergency department resuscitative thoracotomy futile care for the critically injured patient requiring prehospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Abstract Background Documented prehospital asystole justifies termination of resuscitation, but recently it has been proposed to extend this policy to patients in the field with pulseless electrical activity. Consequently, we questioned whether resuscitative thoracotomy is warranted in the critically injured patient who fails to respond to prehospital CPR. Study design A prospective database of all emergency department resuscitative thoracotomies (EDT) performed at our Level I trauma center has been maintained since January 1977. These registry data were augmented by a review of prehospital paramedic records for all survivors of EDT to verify length of CPR. Results During the 26-year study period, 959 patients underwent EDT. Of the 62 patients who survived to leave the hospital, 26 (42%) required prehospital CPR. The injury mechanism in these 26 patients was stab wounds in 18 (69%), gunshot wounds in 4 (15%), and blunt trauma in 4 (15%). The duration of prehospital CPR ranged from 3 to 15 minutes and in 7 patients CPR exceeded 10 minutes. Five survivors had asystole documented at the time of EDT; four of these patients had good functional outcomes at discharge. Each of these patients had pericardial tamponade from ventricular stab wounds. Patients with blunt trauma had uniformly dismal neurologic outcomes. Conclusions EDT after prehospital CPR can be used to salvage select critically injured patients. Based on these data, we propose that resuscitative thoracotomy is futile care in patients with blunt trauma requiring prehospital CPR longer than 5 minutes, and in patients with penetrating trauma with more than 15 minutes of prehospital CPR. EDT is warranted in those patients with penetrating trauma with less than 15 minutes of prehospital CPR, and should be performed despite documented asystole on arrival if pericardial tamponade is the proximate event.
Discharge of abdominal muscle α and γ motoneurons during expiratory loading in cats

Expiratory responses were elicited in abdominal alpha and gamma motoneurons of anesthetized cats by continuous positive airway pressure, tracheal occlusion, lung inflation, or step-changes in expiratory airflow resistance. Abdominal alpha motoneurons were silent during quiet breathing but became rhythmically active whenever expiration was opposed. In addition, the responses of abdominal alpha motoneurons to an increase in expiratory airflow resistance included an increase in discharge frequency, an earlier firing time of individual neurons, recruitment of successively larger motor fibers, and an increased duration of discharge. Abdominal gamma motoneurons discharged continuously during quiet breathing and an increased frequency of discharge during the expiratory phase of the respiratory cycle was evident in approximately one-third of the fibers. This respiratory modulation was enhanced, or initiated if absent, by imposing a load during expiration. Bilateral cervical vagotomy abolished both the respiratory modulation of abdominal gamma motoneurons and expiratory activity in abdominal alpha motoneurons indicating the importance of supraspinal structures. Coactivation of abdominal alpha and gamma motoneurons during active expiration also suggests that a segmental reflex involving abdominal muscle spindles may be capable of providing automatic compensation for changes in expiratory load. In conclusion, both vagal and dorsal root information appear to contribute to the proprioceptive control of abdominal muscle expiratory activity.