cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Examining the efficiency of home care.

This article focuses on the “efficiency” or cost-effectiveness of home care. Because home care encompasses a range of services targeted to many populations, it is necessary to take cognizance of case mix and clarify its goals to assess effectiveness. Goals for home care can be thought of as meeting and/or compensating for client dependency needs or making a difference in the client’s clinical trajectory. The latter implies comparing actual to expected outcomes, where outcomes can cover a wide range of domains addressing quality of care and quality of life. Inferring the effect of treatment (i.e., home care) on various outcomes will likely rely heavily on epidemiological techniques that, in turn, rely on sophisticated statistical techniques. Problems measuring the costs of care include how to handle the costs of informal care and deciding whose costs should be of primary concern. Better data about the costs, and experimentation with different forms of caregiving, need to be pursued.
Mechanisms Underlying Sawtoothed Grain Beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis [L.]) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) Infestation of Consumer Food Packaging Materials

The sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), is an extremely destructive pest of packaged consumer food products. The beetle is not believed to chew directly through packaging materials, but to use openings or flaws in damaged or improperly sealed packages to gain entry. We investigated the behavioral mechanisms by which the sawtoothed grain beetle infests packages with flaws. Significantly more sawtoothed grain beetles infested consumer food packages that had been punctured with 0.4 mm diameter holes, to simulate packaging flaws that preclude adults, than when packages had no flaws. In a test arena, females laid more eggs into or near the hole in a plastic packaging film, when they were able to contact the food through the hole than when they could not contact the food. First instar larvae placed either 1 mm or 1 cm away entered holes when food was present, indicating that packages could become infested if eggs were laid near holes. In the absence of food, neither adults nor larvae responded to holes. This study has shown the importance of sound packaging in preventing insect infestation.
The effects of 860 MHz radiofrequency radiation on the induction or promotion of brain tumors and other neoplasms in rats.

Abstract Zook, B. C. and Simmens, S. J. The Effects of 860 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation on the Induction or Promotion of Brain Tumors and Other Neoplasms in Rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated with a continuous- wave (CW) or a pulsed-wave (P) radiofrequency (RF) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week from 2 up to 24 months of age. The RFs emanated from dipole antennas (1 W average output) 2.0 ± 0.5 cm from the tip of each rat's nose. The RFs had an 860 MHz frequency, and the specific absorption rate was 1.0 W/ kg averaged over the brain. Fifteen groups of 60 rats (900 total) were formed from offspring of females injected i.v. with 0 (groups 1, 2, 9, 10, 13), 2.5 (groups 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 14) or 10 mg/kg (groups 3, 4, 15) ethylnitrosourea (ENU) to induce brain tumors. Groups 1, 3, 5 and 7 received the PRF, and groups 9 and 11 the CWRF; groups 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 were sham-irradiated, and groups 13–15 were cage controls. All rats but 2, totaling 898, were necropsied, and major tissues were studied histopatholog...
Orchestrating workflows over heterogeneous networking infrastructures: NEWT: a network edge workflow tool

This paper investigates the use of the workflow methodology for group communication applications in highly distributed and dynamic wireless networks. The need for distributed ad hoc wireless communication applications is commonplace in defense and emergency response situations and is also becoming of more interest for commercial and industrial applications. Within this space, there is a need for a reusable structured methodology, such as what workflows can provide, to be able to specify collaborative applications, distributed processing and logic to support a variety of deployment scenarios in a common way. However, collaborative applications in highly dynamic and potentially disruptive network scenarios have rather different requirements to the way workflows currently operate over distributed computing infrastructures for three main reasons. In this paper, we identify and address each of these issues and introduce a lightweight workflow system that provides a solution for such environments and provides a common mechanism to describe and execute distributed workflows in distributed, ad hoc environments.
Hf isotopic evidence for a cogenetic magma source for the Bushveld Complex and associated felsic magmas

Abstract Here, we test the hypothesis that the rhyolitic lavas of the Rooiberg Group and granophyres associated with the roof of the Bushveld Complex are differentiation products of Bushveld-age mafic liquids. We present Lu-Hf isotopic compositions in zircons from roof rocks that have been interpreted to represent thermally metamorphosed and remelted Rooiberg Group lavas and from granophyres interpreted to be differentiation products of the cumulate rocks that make up the Bushveld Complex. All of these rocks were found to possess e Hf (2.06 Ga) statistically indistinguishable from the intrusion-wide average e Hf (2.06 Ga) value of − 8.6 ± 1.2 of the Bushveld Complex. Our results, combined with chronologic and field relations, suggest that the felsic rocks were generated by fractional crystallization of Bushveld mafic liquids, including those that gave rise to the cumulate rocks of the Bushveld Complex.
Interaction of cycles.

We discuss under the McCulloch and Pitts assumptions for neural nets a circuit consisting ofk cycles such that one cycle is activated by an outside stimulus and sends an impulse to a second cycle which in its turn sends an impulse to the next cycle, etc., up to thekth cycle, which sends an impulse to a response. We thus have a “series” ofk cycles “interacting”. We give several theorems regarding the response patterns of such circuits under the additional constraint that the stimulus acts but once, and at the time it acts the circuit is at rest.
Decrease of enzymatic synthesis of hexosamine in epiphyseal plates of aminoacetonitrile-treated rabbits.

SummaryEnzymatic synthesis of hexosamine from glutamine and glucose-6-phosphate in epiphyseal plates of normal and lathyric rabbits has been studied. In the cartilage from experimental animals a decrease of 75.92% of this synthesis was found. AAN added in vitro did not have any inhibitory effect upon formation of hexosamine.
Infrared online temperature monitoring technology for shielded GIS contacts

As the infrared temperature sensor can not directly measure the temperature of shielded GIS(Gas Insulated Switchgear) contacts,it is proposed to measure the shield temperature for indirect getting the contacts temperature. The heat transfer model of GIS switch is established and the temperature-field distribution around the contacts is obtained. The relationship among contacts,shield and environmental temperatures is studied and the mapping relationship between contacts and shield temperatures is fitted respectively by SVM(Support Vector Machine) method and neural network algorithm for forecasting the contacts temperature. Results show the neural network algorithm has higher accuracy.
Pure-tone Hearing Damage in Drivers of A Bus Company

Objective To provide the control strategy by investigating the situation of pure-tone hearing damage among bus drivers.Methods The pure tone hearing test results of bus drivers were analyzed.Results Among the 633 bus drivers,there were 117 people with hearing impairment,of which the proportion of binaural hearing injury was significantly higher than speech frequency hearing damage,the difference was statistically significant(P0.01).The proportion of hearing damage among drivers with over 10 years' working experience was higher than with other segment length of service(P 0.05).Conclusion The noise affects the high-frequency hearing of bus drivers,so that,early detection of occupation contraindications should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of occupational noise-induced hearing loss.
Perception of Climate Risk among Rural Farmers in Vietnam: Consistency within Households and with the Empirical Record

Rural farmers in Vietnamese communes perceive climate risk and potential impacts on livelihood within a complex context that may influence individual and household decisions. In a primary survey of 1,145 residents of the Thach Ha district of Ha Tinh province, we gathered data regarding perception about stability in climate, potential risks to livelihood, demographic characteristics, orientation toward risk, and interest in expanding economic activity. Temporal analysis of meteorological and economic indicator data forms an empirical basis for comparison with human perception. We ask the basic question: Are rural farmers' perceptions of climate consistent with the historical record and reproducible within households? We find that respondents do perceive climate anomalies, with some anchoring on recent extreme events as revealed by climate observational data, and further that spouses disproportionately share perceptions relative to randomly simulated pairings. To put climate-related risk perception in a larger context, we examine patterns across a range of risks to livelihood faced by farmers (livestock disease, pests, markets, health), using dimension reduction techniques. We find that our respondents distinguish among potential causes of low economic productivity, with substantial emphasis on climate-related impacts. They do not express uniform concern across risks, but rather average patterns reveal common modes and distinguish climate concern. Still, among those expressing concern about climate-related risks to livelihood we do not find an association with expressed intention to pursue changes in economic activity as a risk management response.
Perception, Opportunity, Empowerment, and Policy: Women's Influence in Kentucky Agriculture

OF THESIS PERCEPTION, OPPORTUNITY, EMPOWERMENT, AND POLICY: WOMEN’S INFLUENCE IN KENTUCKY AGRICULTURE The number of women farmers in the United States is increasing at a substantial rate. Women are fulfilling various roles on the farm and stepping into formal leadership positions in the agricultural community. This study surveys the perception of women reputational leaders in Kentucky agriculture among traditional agricultural leaders, the opportunities available to women in agriculture, the sources empowering women to serve in leadership capacities in agriculture, and how women reputational leaders influence agriculture and agricultural policy in Kentucky. The research revealed that the dynamic of Kentucky agriculture is shifting. Women have made significant strides in agriculture as farmers and professionals, resulting in women assuming formal leadership posts at all levels. Findings indicate there are ample opportunities for women in agriculture to receive informal training and education that will benefit their farm operation, but the programs should be designed solely with women’s needs in mind to be effective. Recommendations for further research include an intersectionality study of Kentucky’s women leaders in agriculture, a study of the potency of the Cooperative Extension Service and post-secondary educational institutions for grooming women leaders, and research to help determine why women tend to seek out volunteer roles in agricultural organizations rather than leadership positions.
Sedation and General Anesthesia

Sedation and general anesthesia are required for certain patients who are scheduled for nuclear medicine imaging. The creation of a credentialed anesthesia and sedation service will enhance the efficiency of the radiology/nuclear medicine department while promoting safe care of pediatric patients. The nuclear medicine setting is unique and poses inherent challenges. There is a need for ongoing discussions among the providers of sedation and anesthesia, the nuclear medicine nurses, technologists, and physicians.
Laser-Based Sensing in Aqueous Environments

Laser based spectroscopy is an ideal technique for in situ sensing. Using novel lasers and methodologies, we are developing novel sensors that can operate in extreme environments ranging from the deep sea to the Arctic. Article not available.
Elevated Cell-Derived Microparticles (C-MP) in Myeloproliferative Disorders (MPD): High Red Cell Microparticles (RMP) as Risk Factor for Thrombosis.

BACKGROUND: In myeloproliferative diseases (MPD), including essential thrombocythemia (ET), myelofibrosis (MF), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera (PV), mutations of stem cells result in shape changes as well as functional aberration of each blood cell line. Both thrombosis and bleeding are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Cell-derived microparticles (C-MP), released during activation or apoptosis, are believed to play important roles in thrombotic and inflammatory disorders, and are emerging as promising biomarkers in these conditions. However little is known about C-MP in MPD. We investigated C-MP derived from platelets (PMP), leukocytes (LMP), endothelial cells (EMP) and red cells (RMP) in patients with MPD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 49 pts with MPD including 30 with ET, 13 with MF, 2 with PV, and 4 with atypical MPD. There were 21M and 28F, mean age 59.7 yr. All pts were followed at clinics and history and natural courses of diseases were assessed along with incidences of thrombosis. Thrombosis was documented with ultrasound and radiologic imaging. They were divided into two groups: 16 pts with thrombosis (TB) (7M/9F; mean age 61.6 yr) and 33 with non-thrombosis (NTB) (14M/19F; mean age 59.8 yr). Laboratory studies included CBC, platelets count and RDW. For C-MP assay by flow cytometry, PMP were defined by CD41+; LMP by CD45+, EMP by CD31+/CD41− and RMP by glycophorin+. RESULTS: Table 1 summarizes clinical data and C-MP profiles in TB and NTB groups and controls. The mean values of C-MP were higher in both TB and NTB than controls. The TB and NTB were comparable in sex, age and Hgb but TB had longer duration of MPD (p=0.007), higher RDW (p=0.001) and lower platelet counts (p=0.007), since they were treated more aggressively. No significant difference was found between TB and NTB for LMP and EMP. However, RMP were significantly higher in TB (p RMP correlated with RDW (p=0.009) and RDW correlated with the duration of MPD (p= 0.004). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: All species of C-MP were more elevated in pts with MPD, compared to controls, suggesting that aberrant blood cells in MPD generate more C-MP. Of all C-MP, only RMP were significantly elevated in TB vs NTB, indicating that high RMP is a risk factor for thrombosis in MPD. RMP correlated with RDW as reflected by anisocytosis and poichilocytosis. The mechanism underlying RMP generation in MPD is largely unknown but we have shown that RBC and RMP provide anionic phospholipids in coagulation and generate thrombin (data not shown). Since the duration of MPD was longer in TB and correlated with RDW, we suggest that RBC in late stages of MPD may generate more RMP.
Intracardiac Pressures Measured Using an Implantable Hemodynamic Monitor: Relationship to Mortality in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure.

Background—The purpose of this analysis was to examine whether implantable hemodynamic monitor–derived baseline estimated pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (ePAD) and change from baseline ePAD we...
Prosocial skeptics: Skepticism and generalized trust:

We report on a study of the religious correlates of generalized trust. Our critical frame leads us to explore novel questions about how nonreligion may encourage social trust. We find that those who believe the bible to be a book of fables are more trusting than those with other beliefs about the text, and that nontheists report a greater willingness to trust. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research about religious belief and generalized trust.
Physicochemical Characterization of Iron Carbohydrate Colloid Drug Products

Iron carbohydrate colloid drug products are intravenously administered to patients with chronic kidney disease for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Physicochemical characterization of iron colloids is critical to establish pharmaceutical equivalence between an innovator iron colloid product and generic version. The purpose of this review is to summarize literature-reported techniques for physicochemical characterization of iron carbohydrate colloid drug products. The mechanisms, reported testing results, and common technical pitfalls for individual characterization test are discussed. A better understanding of the physicochemical characterization techniques will facilitate generic iron carbohydrate colloid product development, accelerate products to market, and ensure iron carbohydrate colloid product quality.
P144 UNOSSM matching system failed to exclude a donor typed as B∗51:02 for a kidney candidate with HLA-B51 avoid

This reports a failure of DonorNet® match run to automatically exclude a B ∗ 51:02 import deceased donor (DD) for candidate with B51 unacceptable antigen (UA) listed in UNet SM . The candidate was 61 y/o female with 100% CPRA re-listed for kidney transplant. The targets of all detectable HLA antibodies were listed as UA in UNet expecting that any DD offered by the DonorNet match run must be compatible i.e., virtual crossmatch (VXM) negative & donor-specific antibodies (DSA) negative. The UA lists 46 class I antigens, including B51 and 10 class II antigens (Fig. 1). It is expected that candidate will not be offered donors carrying any of the listed UA. However, import DD typed as B ∗ 51:02 (Fig. 2) was offered as compatible by the DonorNet on 2/20/2017. The algorithm used by the allocation system did not list B ∗ 51:02 as an equivalent of B51 (Fig. 3). As a consequence, patient was transplanted with DSA to B51 (MFI = 4679). The retrospective pronase crossmatches were weakly positive [MCS: T = 67 (cutoff = 50), B = 128 (cutoff = 120)]. The patient could have suffered a HYPERACUTE REJECTION had the DSA been strong enough to cause a CDC positive crossmatch. UNOS had been notified, but any change in the UNet system needs policy change and committee approvals which may take some time to implement. This event emphasizes the importance of maintaining accurate and updated HLA equivalency values in UNet to protect patient safety in the era of VXM. This incident questions the utility of reporting high resolution HLA types for DDs in DonorNet for match run. Until DD donor typing laboratories produce authentic high resolution HLA typing results with appropriate proficiency testing performed in a manner comparable to, and not more extensive than routine DD samples, only the serological equivalents for HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1, first field typing for DQA1 and two field typing for DPB1 should be reported for match runs. UNOS should mandate laboratories to upload detailed typing reports that show single allele/allele string in DonorNet to better interpret the compatibility. Download high-res image (556KB) Download full-size image
Evaluating the sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey in the pediatric cystic fibrosis patient population.

Abstract Introduction The Sinus and Nasal Quality of Life Survey (SN-5) is a validated quality of life (QOL) questionnaire for chronic rhinosinusitis in patients age 2–12. Its utility in the cystic fibrosis (CF) has been studied, but not yet validated. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the SN-5 for evaluation of sinonasal symptoms in the pediatric CF population. Methods This retrospective study analyzed SN-5 surveys completed between 2012 and 2015 by pediatric CF patients and caregivers. Baseline and follow-up overall QOL scores and specific symptom scores were obtained from surveys completed in the three-year span. Non-parametric statistics were conducted to identify differences in survey data. Results A total of 165 patients completed baseline and follow-up surveys. The overall QOL of the patient cohort did not change over the duration of the study (p = 0.660). Thirty-seven patients indicated higher overall QOL, with all five symptom scores showing significant improvement. Analysis by age group showed that QOL was significantly correlated with all five symptoms for children ages 0–4. In patients 5–12 years, overall QOL was only correlated with sinus infection (r = −0.3090, p = 0.01). QOL was significantly correlated with sinus infection (r = −0.2903, p = 0.04) and allergy symptoms (r = −0.5644, p 12 years of age. Conclusion There remains a need for a validated CRS QOL tool for children with CF. Though the SN-5 has previously been described as a potential instrument, our data suggest that it may be more valuable in children ages 0–4.
Network intrusion detection using word embeddings

Word embeddings, learning syntactic and semantic relationships between words from the raw text, are known to achieve superior performance in many prediction and classification tasks. In this paper, we aim to show how word embedding techniques can work on a high number of nontextual data, thus has new applicability in cyber security. Specifically, we build neural embeddings with a large amount of network log data (KDD CUP'99 dataset) and train several classification models using the learned neural embeddings. Our experiment results demonstrate that the vector representations successfully learn useful features from non-textual data, similar to how classic word embeddings do with natural language and can achieve a high F1 score for both binary (normal vs. abnormal) and multi-class (DOS, Probe, U2R, R2L, and normal) classifications. We also demonstrate that the classification algorithms using the embedded vectors can maintain fairly high accuracy even when training data is very small.
Deep Packet Inspection: A Key Issue for Network Security

As the number of cyber-attacks continue to increase, the need for data protection increases as well. Deep Packet Inspection is a highly effective way to reveal suspicious content in the headers or the payloads in any packet processing layer, except when the payload is encrypted. DPI is an essential inspector of packet payloads as it is applied to many different layers of the OSI model. The DPI tasks include intrusion detection, exfiltration detection and parental filtering. This can be a great advantage as layer-independent attacks are becoming more prevalent. It allows for inspection of all layers for attacks. However, there are challenges that come with Deep Packet Inspection. Some include the decrease of throughput of the system, attacks through the Secured Socket Layer and intrusion fingerprint matching. These challenges do not constitute as grounds to eliminate DPI as a method, but instead obstacles to be aware of in case difficulties with implementation prevails.
The Use of Pharmacology in the Treatment of Head-Injured Patients

It is common for cognitive, emotional, and behavioral deficits to occur following head injury. However, research reveals that head-injured individuals are more seriously handicapped by emotional and associated behavioral disturbances (e.g., agitation) than by residual cognitive or physical disabilities (Lezak, 1987). These emotional disturbances may impede their overall recovery from the head trauma (Dikeman & Reitan, 1977; Jackson, Corrigan, & Arnett, 1985; Levin, Grossman, Rose, & Teasdale, 1979; Lishman, 1973; Prigatano, 1986; Stern, 1978; Thomsen, 1984). A frequently exhibited problem in up to 33% of patients recovering from significant head-injury is agitation, characterized by cognitive disorganization, interpersonal isolation, combativeness, and affective disturbance (Jackson et al., 1985). Additionally, 67% of patients post-head injury experience anxiety, regressive manifestations, and frontal lobe syndromes (e.g., flattened affect, apathy, loss of inhibitions, disturbance in judgement) (Lishman, 1973; Stern, Najenson, Grosswasser, Mendelson, & Davidson, 1976). Also, emotional and behavioral disturbances are not limited to moderately and severely impaired patients. Patients attaining good cognitive recovery often exhibit significant anxiety and depression as well. It is not uncommon for emotional and behavioral impairments to develop into significant psychiatric disorders of psychotic proportions that can require inpatient treatment.
The Role of Microstructure in Ultralow Wear Fluoropolymer Composites

Past studies have shown that the inclusion of fillers in a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix can improve wear resistance by nearly four orders of magnitude. These discoveries have prompted seve...
Holistic Crowd-Powered Sorting via AID: Optimizing for Accuracies, Inconsistencies, and Difficulties

We revisit the fundamental problem of sorting objects using crowdsourced pairwise comparisons. Prior work either treats these comparisons as independent tasks -- in which case the resulting judgments may end up being inconsistent, or fails to capture the accuracies of workers or difficulties of the pairwise comparisons -- in which case the resulting judgments may end up being consistent with each other, but ultimately more inaccurate. We adopt a holistic approach that constructs a graph across the set of objects respecting consistency constraints. Our key contribution is a novel method of encoding difficulty of comparisons in the form of constraints on edges. We couple that with an iterative E-M-style procedure to uncover information about latent variables and constraints, along with the graph structure. We show that our approach predicts edge directions as well as difficulty values more accurately than baselines on both real and simulated data, across graphs of various sizes.
Aggregate Stable Matching with Money Burning

Most of the literature on two-sided matching markets without transfers focuses on the case where a central planner (often an algorithm) clears the market, like in the case of school assignments, or medical residents. In contrast, we focus on decentralized matching markets without transfers, where prices are regulated and thus cannot clear the market, as in the case of taxis. In these markets, time waited in line often plays the role of a numeraire. We investigate the properties of equilibrium in these markets (existence, uniqueness, and welfare). We use this analysis to study the problem of surge pricing: given beliefs on random demand and supply, how should a market designer set prices to minimize expected market inefficiency?
Small, but mighty? Searching for human microproteins and their potential for understanding health and disease.

Microproteins are a rapidly expanding class of peptides and small proteins translated from protein-coding small open reading frames (smORFs, less than 100–150 codons in length). Microprotein is a t...
Click chemistry enables quantitative chiroptical sensing of chiral compounds in protic media and complex mixtures

Click reactions have become powerful synthetic tools with unique applications in the health and materials sciences. Despite the progress with optical sensors that exploit the principles of dynamic covalent chemistry, metal coordination or supramolecular assemblies, quantitative analysis of complex mixtures remains challenging. Herein, we report the use of a readily available coumarin conjugate acceptor for chiroptical click chirality sensing of the absolute configuration, concentration and enantiomeric excess of several compound classes. This method has several attractive features, including wide scope, fast substrate fixation without by-product formation or complicate equilibria often encountered in reversible substrate binding, excellent solvent compatibility, and tolerance of air and water. The ruggedness and practicality of this approach are demonstrated by comprehensive analysis of nonracemic monoamine samples and crude asymmetric imine hydrogenation mixtures without work-up. Click chemosensing addresses increasingly important time efficiency, cost, labor and chemical sustainability aspects and streamlines asymmetric reaction development at the mg scale.
Strength in diversity: functional diversity among olfactory neurons of the same type

Most animals depend upon olfaction to find food, mates, and to avoid predators. An animal's olfactory circuit helps it sense its olfactory environment and generate critical behavioral responses. The general architecture of the olfactory circuit, which is conserved across species, is made up of a few different neuronal types including first-order receptor neurons, second- and third-order neurons, and local interneurons. Each neuronal type differs in their morphology, physiology, and neurochemistry. However, several recent studies have suggested that there is intrinsic diversity even among neurons of the same type and that this diversity is important for neural function. In this review, we first examine instances of intrinsic diversity observed among individual types of olfactory neurons. Next, we review potential genetic and experience-based plasticity mechanisms that underlie this diversity. Finally, we consider the implications of intrinsic neuronal diversity for circuit function. Overall, we hope to highlight the importance of intrinsic diversity as a previously underestimated property of circuit function.
Effect of Orifice Geometry on Synthetic Jet Evolution

The present work discusses an experimental investigation into the effect of orifice geometry on the formation and advection of vortical structures associated with a synthetic jet issued into a quie...
Peptidomimetic Blockade of MYB in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract Aberrant gene expression is a hallmark of acute leukemias. However, therapeutic strategies for its blockade are generally lacking, in large part due to the pharmacologic challenges of drugging transcription factors. MYB-driven gene trans-activation with CREB-binding protein (CBP) is required for the initiation and maintenance of a variety of acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias, including refractory MLL-rearranged leukemias. Using structure-guided molecular design, we developed a prototypical peptidomimetic inhibitor MYBMIM that interferes with the assembly of the molecular MYB:CBP complex at μM concentrations and rapidly accumulates in the nuclei of AML cells. We found that treatment of AML cells with MYBMIM, but not with its inactive near-isosteric analogue TG3, led to the displacement and dissociation of MYB:CBP complex in cells, causing rapid downregulation of MYB-dependent gene expression including MYC and BCL2 oncogenes. This was associated with obliteration of H3K27Ac-driven oncogenic enhancers induced by CBP and enriched for MYB binding sites (Figure 1A; p=1e-118). Both human MLL-rearranged and non-rearranged AML cells, but not normal CD34+ umbilical cord blood progenitor cells, underwent sustained mitochondrial apoptosis in response to MYBMIM treatment, an effect that could be partially blocked by ectopic expression of BCL2. We observed that MYBMIM treatment (50 mg/kg/day) impeded leukemia progression and extended survival of immunodeficient mice engrafted with primary patient-derived MLL-rearranged leukemia cells (Figure 1B; p=3.8e-3). These findings emphasize the exquisite dependence of human AML on MYB:CBP transcriptional dysregulation, and establish a pharmacologic approach for its therapeutic blockade. Download : Download high-res image (91KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures Armstrong: Epizyme, Inc: Consultancy; Vitae Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Imago Biosciences: Consultancy; Janssen Pharmaceutical: Consultancy.
Examining the Association between Tax Risk and Tax Outcomes

This study develops and validates an ex-ante measure of firm-specific overall tax risk. We define tax risk as the potential that current actions or activities, or the failure to take actions or pursue activities, will lead to future tax outcomes that are different from expectations. Tax risk arises from the interaction of economic risk and tax law uncertainty. An ex-ante measure of firm-specific tax risk allows us to classify firms as pursuing a more or less risky tax strategy relative to other firms. Our study is important because revenue authorities worldwide have increased their scrutiny of firms engaging in risky tax strategies and greater tax risk can impact the economic performance of firms’ investments. Tax practitioners and their clients engage in tax risk management to improve the expected outcomes of firm-specific tax strategies; however, researchers have not measured ex-ante tax risk or its association with tax outcomes. Our results document an association between our measure of tax risk and other measures of firm risk found in both the accounting and finance literatures. We also find a negative association between tax risk and cash effective tax rates, implying that, on average, firms manage tax risk effectively and earn returns (in the form of lower cash taxes paid) for engaging in higher tax risk. Thus, our results contribute to the ongoing discussion of corporate tax avoidance, as well as provide a replicable measure of firm-specific tax risk that researchers can use to examine questions about corporate tax avoidance more broadly.
Working Memory Capacity Is Negatively Associated with Memory Load Modulation of Alpha Oscillations in Retention of Verbal Working Memory

Working memory capacity (WMC) measures the amount of information that can be maintained online in the face of distraction. Past work has shown that the efficiency with which the frontostriatal circuit filters out task-irrelevant distracting information is positively correlated with WMC. Recent work has demonstrated a role of posterior alpha oscillations (8-13 Hz) in providing a sensory gating mechanism. We investigated the relationship between memory load modulation of alpha power and WMC in two verbal working memory experiments. In both experiments, we found that posterior alpha power increased with memory load during memory, in agreement with previous reports. Across individuals, the degree of alpha power modulation by memory load was negatively associated with WMC, namely, the higher the WMC, the less alpha power was modulated by memory load. After the administration of topiramate, a drug known to affect alpha oscillations and have a negative impact on working memory function, the negative correlation between memory load modulation of alpha power and WMC was no longer statistically significant but still somewhat detectable. These results suggest that (1) individuals with low WMC demonstrate stronger alpha power modulation by memory load, reflecting possibly an increased reliance on sensory gating to suppress task-irrelevant information in these individuals, in contrast to their high WMC counterparts who rely more on frontal areas to perform this function and (2) this negative association between memory load modulation of alpha oscillations and WMC is vulnerable to drug-related cognitive disruption.
Physical and Physiological Effects of Yoga for an Underserved Population with Chronic Low Back Pain.

Background: Yoga has been shown useful in reducing chronic low back pain (CLBP) through largely unknown mechanisms. The aim of this pilot study is to investigate the feasibility of providing yoga intervention to a predominantly underserved population and explore the potential mechanisms underlying yoga intervention in improving CLBP pain. Methods: The quasi-experimental within-subject wait-listed crossover design targeted the recruitment of low-income participants who received twice-weekly group yoga for 12 weeks, following 6–12 weeks of no intervention. Outcome measures were taken at baseline, preintervention (6–12 weeks following baseline), and then postintervention. Outcome measures included pain, disability, core strength, flexibility, and plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α protein levels. Outcomes measures were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and paired one-tailed t-tests. Results: Eight patients completed the intervention. Significant improvements in pain scores measured over time were supported by the significant improvement in pre- and post-yoga session pain scores. Significant improvements were also seen in the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire scores, spinal and hip flexor flexibility, and strength of core muscles following yoga. Six participants saw a 28.6%–100% reduction of TNF-α plasma protein levels after yoga, while one showed an 82.4% increase. Two participants had no detectable levels to begin with. Brain imaging analysis shows interesting increases in N-acetylaspartate in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus. Conclusion: Yoga appears effective in reducing pain and disability in a low-income CLBP population and in part works by increasing flexibility and core strength. Changes in TNF-α protein levels should be further investigated for its influence on pain pathways.
The role of alexithymia in memory and executive functioning across the lifespan.

Alexithymia is a personality trait characterised by difficulties identifying feelings (DIF), describing feelings (DDF), and externally oriented thinking (EOT). Alexithymia has been associated with ...
Modeling of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors

Several reduced kinetic models for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors were derived in order to suit different experimental protocols. Their simultaneous application allows for a step-wise estimation of parameters of a conventional model that is otherwise overparameterized with respect to the existing data.
Zipcode Binding Protein 1 (ZBP1; IGF2BP1): A Model for Sequence-Specific RNA Regulation

The fate of an RNA, from its localization, translation, and ultimate decay, is dictated by interactions with RNA binding proteins (RBPs). β-actin mRNA has functioned as the classic example of RNA localization in eukaryotic cells. Studies of β-actin mRNA over the past three decades have allowed understanding of how RBPs, such as ZBP1 (IGF2BP1), can control both RNA localization and translational status. Here, we summarize studies of β-actin mRNA and focus on how ZBP1 serves as a model for understanding interactions between RNA and their binding protein(s). Central to the study of RNA and RBPs were technological developments that occurred along the way. We conclude with a future outlook highlighting new technologies that may be used to address still unanswered questions about RBP-mediated regulation of mRNA during its life cycle, within the cell.
Modified Principal Component Analysis in sliding windowed fMRI data

The current available methods for fMRI data decomposition are mostly done as a whole ignoring the possibility of important information variability over time. While some studies applied sliding windows to the data, the independence and continuity of the data decomposition is not being taken into account. Our proposed method, the modified Principal Component Analysis (PCA) tries to force the basis vectors to be as orthogonal and independent as possible. We showed that the proposed method maintains low dot products regardless how big is the window size and overlapping window. In comparison to the classical PCA and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) methods, the method yielded the lowest dot products among them. Using this method also provided some insights on the changes in the fMRI data where there could be possibility of brain synchronizing when most of the brain regions are highly correlated.
Aeroelastic interactions and trajectory selection of vortex gusts impinging upon Joukowski airfoils

Abstract The dynamically-coupled interactions of vortex gusts encountering a symmetric Joukowski airfoil on linear elastic supports is formulated analytically and evaluated numerically using a time-dependent conformal mapping. The Brown and Michael framework models the unsteady shedding of vorticity from the airfoil into the wake, and the aeroelastic motion of the airfoil is analyzed using quasi-steady, apparent mass, and fully-unsteady aerodynamic models. Special attention is paid to the influences of the strength of the incident vortex and the airfoil natural frequency on the initial upstream placement of a vortex gust that achieves direct impingement. These results are weakly sensitive to the initial vortex position in the limits of either large or small structural natural frequency, and the initial vertical vortex position to achieve impingement changes monotonically with the vortex strength. A comparison of the numerical model with available experimental vortex gust measurements over stationary airfoils highlights the appropriate use of the point-vortex model for inviscid vortex–airfoil interaction problems without significant vortex strength decay, which occurs for predominantly viscous interactions of close vortex–airfoil encounters.
BDS as the baseline of solidarity: toward a model of co-struggling with Palestinians in their movement for justice and liberation:

The Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) movement has made enormous gains for the Palestine solidarity movement by raising political consciousness about Palestine, shifting the public discourse...
Structure of Molten Alkali Chlorides at Charged Interfaces and the Prediction and Interpretation of Their X-ray Reflectivity

The fundamental properties of molten salts have been the subject of research that spans a century. Yet, in the past few years, there has been an unprecedented surge in interest for these systems in...
QUALITATIVE MODELING OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

Abstract Models are at the heart of our ability to reason about complex systems. The content of our reasoning reflects the elements and relationships included in our system models. Analyses of problem solving protocols indicate that experts make use of several distinct types of models. Qualitative models represent a type of model that is designed to support reasoning about change. This reasoning process takes the form of a simulation that generates abstract summaries of possible system behaviors. Most research to date has explored the applicability of qualitative models to the representation and simulation of mechanical and electronic systems. In this paper, we review basic notions of qualitative modeling and suggest their straightforward application to economic reasoning . In addition, we introduce concepts sufficient to rep resent the equilibrium-based framework of many economic theories and to produce t he associated style of reasoning
Parameterized complexity in multiple-interval graphs: domination

We show that several variants of the problem k-Dominating Set, including k-Connected Dominating Set, k-Independent Dominating Set, k-Dominating Clique, d-Distancek-Dominating Set, k-Perfect Code and d-Distancek-Perfect Code, when parameterized by the solution size k, remain W[1]-hard in either multiple-interval graphs or their complements or both.
Black breast cancer survivors experience greater upper extremity disability.

Over one-third of breast cancer survivors experience upper extremity disability. Black women present with factors associated with greater upper extremity disability, including: increased body mass index (BMI), more advanced disease stage at diagnosis, and varying treatment type compared with Whites. No prior research has evaluated the relationship between race and upper extremity disability using validated tools and controlling for these factors. Data were drawn from a survey study among 610 women with stage I–III hormone receptor positive breast cancer. The disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (QuickDASH) is an 11-item self-administered questionnaire that has been validated for breast cancer survivors to assess global upper extremity function over the past 7 days. Linear regression and mediation analysis estimated the relationships between race, BMI and QuickDASH score, adjusting for demographics and treatment types. Black women (n = 98) had 7.3 points higher average QuickDASH scores than White (n = 512) women (p < 0.001). After adjusting for BMI, age, education, cancer treatment, months since diagnosis, and aromatase inhibitor status, Black women had an average 4-point (95 % confidence interval 0.18–8.01) higher QuickDASH score (p = 0.04) than White women. Mediation analysis suggested that BMI attenuated the association between race and disability by 40 %. Even several years post-treatment, Black breast cancer survivors had greater upper extremity disability, which was partially mediated by higher BMIs. Close monitoring of high BMI Black women may be an important step in reducing disparities in cancer survivorship. More research is needed on the relationship between race, BMI, and upper extremity disability.
An analysis of chemical reactor stability and control—II: The evolution of proportional control☆

Abstract In this part it is assumed that the control system receives signals of the deviation of reactor temperature and uses them to give a perfect proportional control of the rate of cooling. It has already been shown that control cannot be attained until the proportionality constant is great enough but it appears here that even when this minimum value has been exceeded, the control may only extend to comparatively small disturbances. To see how this comes about, it is necessary to follow the behaviour of the reactor through the variation of the control parameter, and it is shown that the methods of non-linear mechanics make this possible without excessive labour. There comes a point, however, when some computation is necessary and this is exemplified in a complete description of a simple system.
Preparation and Properties of Icosahedral Borides

The electronic and thermal transport properties of refractory icosahedral boron-rich solids suggest the utilization of these unique solids as high-temperature semiconductors. Such applications will require high-quality, well-characterized materials. A variety of techniques have been used to prepare powders, ceramics, and single crystals of boron carbides and the icosahedral boron pnictides. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and ultrasound measurements have been used to probe boron carbide sample quality. Each of these measurements supports the structural model of boron carbides developed from analysis of transport data. Initial electrical conductivity measurements on these samples show no thermal hysteresis. The thermally-activated conductivity (Ea ≈ 0.17 eV) is consistent with a bipolaronic hopping mechanism.
Does diet affect breast cancer risk

The role of specific dietary factors in breast cancer causation is not completely resolved. Results from prospective studies do not support the concept that fat intake in middle life has a major relation to breast cancer risk. However, weight gain in middle life contributes substantially to breast cancer risk. Alcohol is the best established dietary risk factor, probably by increasing endogenous estrogen levels. Hypotheses relating diet during youth to risk decades later will be difficult to test. Nevertheless, available evidence is strong that breast cancer risk can be reduced by avoiding weight gain during adult years, and by limiting alcohol consumption.
Psychopathology of Pancreatic Cancer: A Psychobiologic Probe

Reports of characteristic psychiatric symptoms occurring in patients with pancreatic cancer appear regularly in the literature. A review of this literature reveals that symptoms of depression and/or anxiety may appear in approximately 50% of patients with pancreatic cancer before the diagnosis is made. This review proposes that the psychopathology of pancreatic tumors may be linked to tumor-induced changes in neuroendocrine or acid-base systems. Although confirmatory data are lacking, informed speculation centers on the potential role of adrenocorticotropic hormone, parathyroid hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, glucagon, serotonin, insulin, and bicarbonate in the production of depression and/or anxiety in this disease. Elucidation of the pathophysiotogy of the psychiatric symptoms in patients with pancreatic cancer may provide a marker for early diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasia as well as a probe into the biologic bases of depression and anxiety.