cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teaching behavioral pain management to healthcare professionals: a systematic review of research in training programs.

Abstract Pain is a common and potentially debilitating condition. Whereas there is vast literature on developmentally appropriate behavioral techniques for pain management, results of curriculum evaluations and knowledge surveys reveal a dearth of awareness of these strategies in healthcare professionals. As a result, the development and evaluation of pain management training programs are important endeavors. Results of studies evaluating such programs are promising and suggest that training might be an effective means of impacting healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and even patient care. These results must be interpreted with caution, however, because the literature contains several conceptual and methodologic limitations. These limitations, in combination with the wide diversity in program components, format of delivery, and research methods, preclude definitive conclusions on the most practical and effective means to provide training. To address this question, further systematic work on the development and evaluation of pain management training programs is warranted. Perspective To address the problems of dissemination of behavioral pain management techniques, the development and evaluation of pain management training programs are important endeavors. The current article presents a systematic review of studies evaluating such programs and provides recommendations for future systematic work in this area.
Anti-Cytokine Induced Neutrophil Chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) Treatment Reduces Neutrophil Accumulation in Hyperoxia Exposed Newborn Rat Lung

Anti-Cytokine Induced Neutrophil Chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) Treatment Reduces Neutrophil Accumulation in Hyperoxia Exposed Newborn Rat Lung
Bilateral vasculopexy of anomalous vertebral arteries causing cervicomedullary compression: case report and technical note

Introduction The authors report an extremely rare cause of cervicomedullary cord compression by anomalous ectatic vertebral arteries.
Extracting Dense Regions From Hurricane Trajectory Data

Weather data is a classic example of spatio-temporal data, with time and space as two of its key attributes. Clustering has been one of the key techniques used for analyzing the storm trajectories. Trajectory based clustering algorithms consider whole trajectories as clustering units, or in some cases the segments of the trajectory, i.e., sub-trajectories, are considered in order to capture local similarities among long trajectories. Our work takes a different approach, by considering a trajectory as a set of points, then focusing on the point data for finding the regions that are hot spots for the storms. We use DBSCAN algorithm, and consider spatial (longitude, latitude) as well as non-spatial attributes (viz., wind speed and time) for the similarity measure. The results show the impact of the respective non-spatial attributes on the spatial attributes during clustering and hence the identified dense regions. For the temporal analysis, we used a relative temporal framework by normalizing relative time stamp order in the trajectory by the length of the trajectory to consider storms of different lengths. We use quality measures to validate our clusters. Post processing on the obtained clusters identifies the regions from where the storms are more likely to originate, and the regions where the storms are most likely to land. Another useful result is the key regions that the storms are most likely to traverse.
Energy flow, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem resilience.

The resilience, defined here as the speed with which a system returns to equilibrium state following a perturbation, is investigated for both food web energy models and nutrient cycling models. Previous simulation studies of food web energy models have shown that resilience increases as the flux of energy through the food web per unit amount of energy in the steady state web increases. Studies of nutrient cycling models have shown that resilience increases as the mean number of cycles that nutrient (or other mineral) atoms make before leaving the system decreases. In the present study these conclusions are verified analytically for general ecosystem models. The behavior of resilience in food web energy models and nutrient cycling models is a reflection of the time that a given unit, whether of energy or matter, spends in the steady state system. The shorter this residence time is, the more resilient the system is.
The budget and partitioning of stratospheric chlorine during the 1997 Arctic summer

Volume mixing ratio profiles of HCl, HOCl, ClNO3, CH3Cl, CFC-12, and CFC-11, CCl4, HCFC-22, and CFC-113 were measured simultaneously from 9 to 38 km by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory MkIV Fourier Transform Infrared solar absorption spectrometer during two balloon flights from Fairbanks, Alaska (64.8 N), on May 8 and July 8, 1997. The altitude variation of total organic chlorine (CCl(sub y)), total inorganic chlorine (Cl(sub y)), and the nearly constant value (3.7 +/- 0.2 ppbv) of their sum (Cl(sub TOT)) demonstrates that the stratospheric chlorine species available to react with O3 are supplied by the decomposition of organic chlorinated compounds whose abundances are well quantified. Measured profiles of HCl and ClNO3 agree well with profiles found by photochemical model (differences < 10% for altitudes below 35 km) constrained by various other constituents measured by MkIV. The production of HCl by ClO + OH plays a relatively small role in the partitioning of HCl and ClNO3 for the sampled air masses. However, better agreement with the measured profiles of HCl and ClNO3 is obtained when this source of HCl is included in the model. Both the measured and calculated [ClNO3]/[HCl] ratios exhibit the expected near linear variation with [O3](sup 2)/[CH4] over a broad range of altitudes. MkIV measurements of HCl, ClNO3, and CCl(sub y) agree well with ER-2 in situ observations of these quantities for directly comparable air masses. These results demonstrate good understanding of the budget of stratospheric chlorine and that the partitioning of inorganic chlorine is accurately described by photochemical models that employ JPL97 reaction rates and production of HCl from ClO + OH for the environmental conditions encountered: relatively warm temperatures, long periods of solar illumination, and relatively low aerosol surface areas.
St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum): a review of the current pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical literature

Rationale: St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) has recently gained popularity as an alternative treatment for mild to moderate depression. Given the current widespread use of this herbal remedy, it is important for medical professionals to understand the potential pharmacological pathways through which Hypericum may exert an antidepressant effect. Objectives: (1) To review the current pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical literature available on Hypericum, and (2) to provide a synthesis of this information into a form that may be easily used by health care providers. Method: A comprehensive review of the recent scientific literature (January 1990–March 2000) was performed using the following electronic databases and reference publications: MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, HealthSTAR, Current Contents (all editions), European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy monographs, German Commission E monographs, and the Physicians' Desk Reference for Herbal Medicines, 1st edition. Results: One hundred and seven (107) publications in the English language and three publications in German were included in the review. Collectively, the data suggest that therapeutic preparations of Hypericum extract appear to exert potentially significant pharmacological activity within several neurochemical systems believed to be implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. However, little information exists regarding the safety of Hypericum, including potential herb–drug interactions. Conclusions: Additional research on the pharmacological and biochemical activity of Hypericum and its several bioactive constituents is necessary to further elucidate the mode(s) of antidepressant action. Given what is currently known and unknown about the biological properties of Hypericum, those who choose to use this herb should be closely monitored by a physician.
Regulated expression of neurofibromin in migrating neural crest cells of avian embryos.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common human genetic disease involving various neural crest (NC)-derived cell types, in particular, Schwann cells and melanocytes. The gene responsible for NF1 encodes the protein neurofibromin, which contains a domain with amino acid sequence homology to the ras-guanosine triphosphatase activating protein, suggesting that neurofibromin may play a role in intracellular signaling pathways regulating cellular proliferation or differentiation, or both. To determine whether neurofibromin plays a role in NC cell development, we used antibodies raised against human neurofibromin fusion proteins in western blot and immunocytochemical studies of early avian embryos. These antibodies specifically recognized the 235 kD chicken neurofibromin protein, which was expressed in migrating trunk and cranial NC cells of early embryos (E1.5 to E2), as well as in endothelial and smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and in a subpopulation of non-NC-derived cells in the dermamyotome. At slightly later stages (E3 to E5), neurofibromin immunostaining was observed in various NC derivatives, including dorsal root ganglia and peripheral nerves, as well as non-NC-derived cell types, including heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney. At still later stages (E7 to E9), neurofibromin immunoreactivity was found in almost all tissues in vivo. To determine whether the levels of neurofibromin changed during melanocyte and Schwann cell development, tissue culture experiments were performed. Cultured NC cells were found to express neurofibromin at early time points in culture, but the levels of immunoreactivity decreased as the cells underwent pigmentation. Schwann cells, on the other hand, continued to express neurofibromin in culture. These data suggest, therefore, that neurofibromin may play a role in the development of both NC cells and a variety of non-NC-derived tissues. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Diminished β-cell replication contributes to reduced β-cell mass in fetal sheep with intrauterine growth restriction

Human fetuses with severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have less pancreatic endocrine tissue and exhibit β-cell dysfunction, which may limit β-cell function in later life and contribute t...
Getting to know your neighbor: cell polarization in early embryos.

Polarization of early embryos along cell contact patterns—referred to in this paper as radial polarization—provides a foundation for the initial cell fate decisions and morphogenetic movements of embryogenesis. Although polarity can be established through distinct upstream mechanisms in Caenorhabditis elegans, Xenopus laevis, and mouse embryos, in each species, it results in the restriction of PAR polarity proteins to contact-free surfaces of blastomeres. In turn, PAR proteins influence cell fates by affecting signaling pathways, such as Hippo and Wnt, and regulate morphogenetic movements by directing cytoskeletal asymmetries.
Joint Ventures and the Option to Expand and Acquire

This article develops the perspective that joint ventures are created as real options to expand in response to future technological and market developments. The exercise of the option is accompanied by an acquisition of the venture. It is hypothesized that the timing of the acquisition should be triggered by a product market signal indicating an increase in the venture's valuation. Based on a sample of 92 manufacturing joint ventures, this hypothesis is tested by estimating the effect of product market signals on the hazard of acquisition. The results indicate that unexpected growth in the product market increases the likelihood of acquisition; unexpected shortfalls in product shipments have no effect on the likelihood of dissolution. This asymmetry in the results strongly supports the interpretation of joint ventures as options to expand.
Extensive pulmonary involvement with raltegravir-induced DRESS syndrome in a postpartum woman with HIV.

An 18-year-old postpartum woman with HIV, on lamivudine–zidovudine, lopinavir–ritonavir and raltegravir, presented with a 1-week history of rash and fevers. Initially admitted to obstetrics and gynaecology service for treatment of possible endometritis, she was transferred to the HIV medicine service for high fever, respiratory distress, hypotension and tachycardia. On admission, she was febrile (102°F) with findings of cervical and submandibular lymphadenopathy, diffuse morbilliform rash, generalised pruritus, facial oedema, and oedematous hands and feet. Consultations to various specialty services were initiated to rule out infectious, dermatological, rheumatological and drug-induced aetiologies. On the fourth day of hospitalisation, laboratory findings of significant eosinophilia and hepatitis (alanine aminotransferase 147 IU/L and aspartate aminotransferase 124 IU/L), in conjunction with the identification of the timing of medication use, led to a diagnosis of DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) syndrome secondary to raltegravir. After discontinuing raltegravir and starting prednisone, her DRESS symptoms completely resolved.
Spring and fall phytoplankton blooms in a productive subarctic ecosystem, the eastern Bering Sea, during 1995–2011

Abstract The timing and magnitude of phytoplankton blooms in subarctic ecosystems often strongly influence the amount of energy that is transferred through subsequent trophic pathways. In the eastern Bering Sea, spring bloom timing has been linked to ice retreat timing and production of zooplankton and fish. A large part of the eastern Bering Sea shelf (~500 km wide) is ice-covered during winter and spring. Four oceanographic moorings have been deployed along the 70-m depth contour of the eastern Bering Sea shelf with the southern location occupied annually since 1995, the two northern locations since 2004 and the remaining location since 2001. Chlorophyll a fluorescence data from the four moorings provide 37 realizations of a spring bloom and 33 realizations of a fall bloom. We found that in the eastern Bering Sea: if ice was present after mid-March, spring bloom timing was related to ice retreat timing ( p n =11). A fall bloom also commonly occurred, usually in late September (average day 274, SE=4.2, n =33), and its timing was not significantly related to the timing of storms ( p =0.88, df=1, 27) or fall water column overturn ( p =0.49, df=1, 27). The magnitudes of the spring and fall blooms were correlated ( p =0.011, df=28). The interval between the spring and fall blooms varied between four to six months depending on year and location. We present a hypothesis to explain how the large crustacean zooplankton taxa Calanus spp. likely respond to variation in the interval between blooms (spring to fall and fall to spring).
Transcriptome sequencing uncovers novel long noncoding and small nucleolar RNAs dysregulated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma persists as one of the most common and deadly malignancies, with early detection and effective treatment still posing formidable challenges. To expand our currently sparse knowledge of the noncoding alterations involved in the disease and identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, we globally profiled the dysregulation of small nucleolar and long noncoding RNAs in head and neck tumors. Using next-generation RNA-sequencing data from 40 pairs of tumor and matched normal tissues, we found 2808 long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts significantly differentially expressed by a fold change magnitude ≥2. Meanwhile, RNA-sequencing analysis of 31 tumor-normal pairs yielded 33 significantly dysregulated small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA). In particular, we identified two dramatically down-regulated lncRNAs and one down-regulated snoRNA whose expression levels correlated significantly with overall patient survival, suggesting their functional significance and clinical relevance in head and neck cancer pathogenesis. We confirmed the dysregulation of these noncoding RNAs in head and neck cancer cell lines derived from different anatomic sites, and determined that ectopic expression of the two lncRNAs inhibited key EMT and stem cell genes and reduced cellular proliferation and migration. As a whole, noncoding RNAs are pervasively dysregulated in head and squamous cell carcinoma. The precise molecular roles of the three transcripts identified warrants further characterization, but our data suggest that they are likely to play substantial roles in head and neck cancer pathogenesis and are significantly associated with patient survival.
The role of hybridization and introgression in the diversification of animals

Although hybridization and introgression have been considered important in generation of plant diversity, their role in evolutionary diversification of animals remains unclear. In this review, we reconsider the significance of introgressive hybridization in evolution and diversification of animals to determine if the generally negative assessment of these processes is warranted. Unlike the situation for plants, hybrid animal taxa appear to be relatively rare. This could, however, be due to negative attitudes toward hybridization and difficulty in detecting such forms. Hybridization has been responsible for instantaneous creation of several unique complexes of polyploid and unisexual animals. Allopolyploidy has allowed for diversification, whereas unisexual taxa have acted as conduits of gene exchange among related sexual species. Many instances of diploid, bisexual taxa of hybrid origin have been put forward, but few have been carefully tested. Changing attitudes toward hybrids and technological advances should allow for careful consideration of hypothesized hybrid taxa and will undoubtedly increase the number of known animal hybrid taxa.
Another dowker product

Abstract The continuum hypothesis implies that there are (normal) countably paracompact spaces X and Y such that the product X × Y is normal and not countably paracompact.
Is everything we eat associated with cancer? A systematic cookbook review

Background Nutritional epidemiology is a highly prolific field. Debates on associations of nutrients with disease risk are common in the literature and attract attention in public media. Objective We aimed to examine the conclusions, statistical significance, and reproducibility in the literature on associations between specific foods and cancer risk. Design We selected 50 common ingredients from random recipes in a cookbook. PubMed queries identified recent studies that evaluated the relation of each ingredient to cancer risk. Information regarding author conclusions and relevant effect estimates were extracted. When >10 articles were found, we focused on the 10 most recent articles. Results Forty ingredients (80%) had articles reporting on their cancer risk. Of 264 single-study assessments, 191 (72%) concluded that the tested food was associated with an increased (n = 103) or a decreased (n = 88) risk; 75% of the risk estimates had weak (0.05 > P ≥ 0.001) or no statistical (P > 0.05) significance. Statistically significant results were more likely than nonsignificant findings to be published in the study abstract than in only the full text (P Conclusions Associations with cancer risk or benefits have been claimed for most food ingredients. Many single studies highlight implausibly large effects, even though evidence is weak. Effect sizes shrink in meta-analyses.
Design Considerations of Silicon Nanowire Biosensors

Biosensors based on silicon nanowires (Si-NWs) promise highly sensitive dynamic label-free electrical detection of biomolecules. Despite the tremendous potential and promising experimental results, the fundamental mechanism of electrical sensing of biomolecules and the design considerations of NW sensors remain poorly understood. In this paper, we discuss the prospects and challenges of biomolecule detection using Si-NW biosensors as a function of device parameters, fluidic environment, charge polarity of biomolecules, etc., and refer to experimental results in literature to support the nonintuitive predictions wherever possible. Our results indicate that the design of Si nanobiosensor is nontrivial and as such, only careful optimization supported by numerical simulation would ensure optimal sensor performance.
A Dual-Band Printed Electrically Small Antenna Covered by Two Capacitive Split-Ring Resonators

In this letter, we present a dual-band electrically small antenna (ESA) operating at 934 MHz and 1.55 GHz. The miniaturized radiation structure consists of a small ring and two concentric split-ring resonators on an FR-4 substrate. The resonant response of the proposed radiation structure is characterized by the coupling among two split-ring resonators and the small ring. A weak electric field interaction between two split-ring resonators is observed. This interaction provides an additional capacitance to further reduce the total dimension of the resonant electrical length. The calculated return loss of the proposed structure agrees well with the measured data. Measured radiation patterns are presented. The planar structure is promising for compact wireless devices and may find applications in wireless electrocardiograph sensors, multiband portable MIMO wireless systems, and RF energy-harvesting systems.
Hierarchical navigation interface: leveraging multiple coordinated views for level-of-detail multiresolution volume rendering of large scientific data sets

We present a new hierarchical navigation interface for level-of-detail selection and rendering of multiresolution volumetric data. The interface consists of multiple coordinated views based on concepts from information visualization as well as scientific visualization literature. With key features such as brushing and linking, and focus and context, it gives the users full control over the level-of-detail selection when navigating through large multiresolution data hierarchies. The navigation interface can also be integrated with traditional level-of-detail selection methods for more effective visual data exploration. We test the utility and effectiveness of this hierarchical navigation interface on a couple of large-scale three-dimensional steady and time-varying data sets.
The Role of Electron‐Hole Recombination at MoS2 and MoSe2 Photoelectrodes

Analysis of impedance and current-voltage data has revealed that electron-hole recombination plays a significant role in the aqueous photoelectrochemistry of MoSe/sub 2/ and MoS/sub 2/ single crystals. It is proposed that this recombination shortens the lifetime of the photoproduced hole to such an extent that few solution reductants are able to react with holes at the surface of these electrodes. The role of this recombination in diminishing photocurrents and photopotentials is discussed within the context of the Gerischer model for semiconductor electrochemistry. 25 refs.
Workplace romances: examining attitudes experience, conscientiousness, and policies

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate whether employee attitudes, prior engagement in workplace romances, conscientiousness, and organizational policies predicted the willingness to engage in workplace romances. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 148 full-time employees completed an online survey measuring antecedents of workplace romances. Participants were also randomly assigned to read vignettes that varied the strictness of organizational workplace romance policies. Then, participants completed measures of their willingness to engage in a workplace romance. Findings – Favorable attitudes about, and prior engagement in, workplace romances were positively related to the willingness to engage in a workplace romance. Prior engagement in workplace romances and conscientiousness were both related to attitudes about workplace romances. Additionally, the interaction between conscientiousness and organizational workplace romance policies significantly predicted the willingness ...
Brightness-based Stereo Matching

This paper presents a stereo matching method, based on image brightness matching, that does not rely on correlatitsn. We develop a model for how brightness changes from one irnage to another in a stereo pair. A spatially-varying multiplier is used to relate image brightnesses, so that matching of dissimilx greyvalues can occur. The problem of stereo matching then depends upon solving for the multiplier and disparity fields. The so!ution is obtained by formulating an equivalent minimization problem, then solving the minimization problem using the variational calculus. We describe the implementation on a highly parallel computer, and present sample results.
Face Authentication from Cell Phone Camera Images with Illumination and Temporal Variations

Weinvestigated the performance of 3 face verification algorithms (Correlation Filters, Individual PCA, FisherFaces) on an image database that was collected by a cell phone camera. Cell phone camera images tend to be of poorer quality and because of their portability, algorithms must deal with scale changes and dynamic outdoor illumination changes. While Individual PCA and FisherFaces focus on the image domain, Correlation Filters work in the frequency domain and offer advantages such as shift-invariance, ability to accommodate in-class image variability and closed form expressions. Results suggest that correlation filters offer better verification performance with this database.
Cell Traction in Relationship to Morphogenesis and Malignancy

If we explant a fragment of embryonic tissue into a suitable culture medium on a reasonably adhesive substratum such as glass, the component cells of the tissue will crawl actively over this substratum, almost as if they were so many amoebae. Concerning this familiar phenomenon, three questions arise: How do the cells propel themselves? What functions does their propulsive mechanism serve in the development and maintenance of the body? Why doesn’t the loco motion of cells disrupt and disperse the proper histological arrangements of cells inside the body?
The LPL Program for Selenodetic Positions

The precision of the LPL selenodetic measurements is discussed in the context of existing selenodetic triangulations. Attention is drawn to the possibility of appreciable errors in the fundamental and secondary positions, and to systematic errors of unknown origin in the photographic measures.
The use of noninvasive prenatal testing in obstetric care: educational resources, practice patterns, and barriers reported by a national sample of clinicians.

The aim of this study was to identify how physicians develop their knowledge base and practice patterns regarding noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT).A survey was used to assess physicians' informational sources and practice patterns regarding NIPT.While most of the 258 participants acquire knowledge about NIPT from the medical literature or didactic educational programming, 74 (28.7%) cite commercial laboratories as an initial source and 124 (47.8%) as a way to keep current with changes in NIPT. About one-third (n = 94, 36.4%) seek information about ethical issues related to NIPT. Half of the OB/GYN respondents (n = 136, 52.7%) provide pretest counseling; fewer refer to a genetic counselor or maternal fetal medicine specialist (MFM) (n = 94, 34.6%, n = 29, 11.2%, respectively). Pretest counseling content and the comfort with which participants discuss topics pertinent to patients' utilization of NIPT varied between OB/GYNs and MFMs.Advances in cff DNA technology emphasize the need for effective strategies for physicians to develop competency and practice patterns regarding NIPT. Study findings speak to the need for effective educational resources for obstetric providers, not just early adopters of NIPT but also for primary OB/GYNs as they serve in the role of the first point of contact for women considering their prenatal testing options. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical theory of the multilayer-reflection technique for three-dimensional photoelastic studies: A theory is developed which enables one to toke into account the variation of principal stress directions from layer to layer by the multilayer-reflection technique

Using the theory of characteristic directions developed previously by the author2, 3 optical phenomena by the multilayer-reflection technique1 in the general case are studied. Recursive formulas which enable successive determination of the parameters of all the photo-elastic layers without any complication of the experimental technique are derived.
Tissue Penetration of the New Quinolones in Humans

Data on the penetration of new quinolones into selected extravascular sites in humans, i.e., blister fluid, sputum, prostatic secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, aqueous humor, bone, prostate tissue, and cells, are reviewed and the data presented in tabular form. Published reports indicate that penetration into all sites, including intracellular sites, is high and exceeds that achievable for other commonly used antimicrobial agents, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides. Available clinical treatment data support the expected favorable outcome predicted by the high extravascular concentrations achieved with quinolones.
Attraction of the Nantucket Pine Tip Moth, Rhyacionia frustrana,1 to Incandescent Light and Blacklight, and to Virgin Females

The Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), is attracted to ultraviolet and incandescent light (Wray and Farrier 1962). Also males are attracted to virgin females (ibid.). The objective of our work was to determine the time during evening that lights and virgin females were most attractive to males of this moth.
Effect of Spanwise Jet Spacing on Separation Control for Swept and Unswept Airfoils

The performance of active flow control on a NACA 643-618 laminar wing at an effective streamwise Reynolds number of 64,000 with and without sweep (Λ = 30° and 0°) is evaluated at post-stall angles of attack. Actuation is implemented near the leading edge using discrete, wall-normal, steady vortex generating jets (VGJs). The effect of increasing spanwise distance between jets along the leading edge of the wing is studied. For the swept wing configuration, lift coefficient shows a strong dependence on the number of vortex generating jets distributed near the leading edge. While holding blowing ratio constant and increasing spanwise jet spacing, small performance gains are noted while significantly reducing the required mass flow across a wide range of angles of attack (22o ≤ α ≤ 35o). While holding the total mass flow rate constant and increasing the spanwise distance between jets, significant performance gains are seen. The controlled straight wing configuration demonstrated a similar trend with increased spanwise jet spacing, but only over a narrow range of angle of attack (centered at α = 18o). Above this threshold, the flow displays a tendency toward multiple stable states in a seemingly unpredictable manner.
Enhancement of Grain Growth In Ultra-Thin Germanium Films By Ion Bombardment

We report the enhancement of grain growth in 50 nm-thick Ge films during Ge ion bombardment, or self-implantation, at 500–600 ° C. Conventional and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that normal grains grow to a columnar structure at considerably lower temperatures than during ordinary thermal annealing. Furthermore, self-implantation-enhanced normal grain growth is found to be very weakly dependent on temperature. The time dependence and temperature dependence of grain growth during self-implantation were compared with data for thermal annealing experiments and suggest that the enhancement results from elastic collisions between ions and atoms located at the grain boundaries.
New Evidence from the Secondary Endpoints of the MADIT II Study

The landmark Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II (MADIT II) demonstrated that the implantable defibrillator (ICD) improved survival in post-infarction patients with left ventricular ejection fractions of 30 or lower [1]. Despite rigorous scrutiny, the study has resulted in acceptance of this recommendation by numerous regulatory agencies, both in the United States and Europe. MADIT II has been heralded as one of the most important research studies in cardiology in the past 20 years.
Combining Inertial Measurements With Blind Image Deblurring Using Distance Transform

Camera motion during exposure leads to a blurry image. We propose an image deblurring method that infers the blur kernel by combining the inertial measurement unit (IMU) data that track camera motion with techniques that seek blur cues from the image sensor data. Specifically, we introduce the notion of IMU fidelity cost designed to penalize blur kernels that are unlikely to have yielded the observed IMU measurements. When combined with the image data-based fidelity and regularization terms used by the conventional blind image deblurring techniques, the overall energy function is nonconvex. We solved this nonconvex energy minimization problem by a novel use of distance transform, recovering a blur kernel and sharp image that are consistent with the IMU and image sensor measurements.
Analyzing Cantos in Encyclopedic Dictionary From the Angle of Cognition

Sections and chapters linguistics has been highly regarded, since it came into being. The development of cognitive science brought new life into sections and chapters linguistics. The article introduced the photograph pattern theory of cognitive science and analyzed the sections and chapters in encyclopedic dictionary from the view of cognition.
Chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and G6PD deficiency.

(1991). Chronic Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Anemia and G6PD Deficiency. Hospital Practice: Vol. 26, No. 9, pp. 57-70.
Characterization of Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor Binding in the Vas Deferens, Bladder, Prostate and Penis of the Rabbit

AbstractRadioligand receptor binding techniques were used to characterize the muscarinic cholinergic receptor in the vas deferens, bladder, prostate and penis of the rabbit. This study represents the first comparative investigation of a neurotransmitter receptor in the genitourinary tract using radioligand receptor binding methods.A single high affinity muscarinic binding site was identified in the vas deferens (Kd = 0.16nM), bladder (Kd = 0.15nM) and prostate (Kd = 0.17nM), using [3H]N-methylscopolamine ([3H]NMS), a muscarinic antagonist. Two high affinity [3H]NMS binding sites (Kd1 = 0.08nM; Kd2 = 1.39nM) were found in the penis. The pharmacology of the NMS binding sites in the vas deferens, bladder and prostate was characterized by competitive binding experiments with [3H]NMS and several unlabelled muscarinic and nonmuscarinic drugs. Noncholinergic drugs, as expected, were weak inhibitors of [3H]NMS binding. The values of the IC50’s for the muscarinic drugs atropine, pirenzepine and oxotremorine in the...
Episodic Future Thinking: Expansion of the Temporal Window in Individuals with Alcohol Dependence

Background Episodic future thinking (EFT) requires an individual to vividly pre-experience a realistic future event. Inspired by previous reports of reducing delay discounting following EFT in other populations, we examined the effects of engaging alcohol-dependent individuals in EFT or episodic recent thinking (ERT; control) to examine its effects on delay discounting and alcohol purchasing. Methods Participants (n = 50) with alcohol dependence were allocated into EFT or ERT groups and asked to generate positive future or recent past events for each of 5 time points. Participants then completed a delay-discounting task, during which event cues were displayed, and a hypothetical alcohol purchase task. Results EFT significantly increased valuation of future monetary rewards, while decreasing initial consumption (Q0) of alcoholic drinks indicative of lower demand intensity. Two additional findings suggest potential moderators of this effect. EFT more readily influenced individuals with lower Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores, and self-reported cue valence differed between groups. Conclusions Together, these results suggest a widening of alcohol-dependent individuals’ temporal window following engagement of EFT. While our data suggest that EFT may be moderated by certain susceptibility criteria, exercises such as EFT could be easily adaptable as a potential therapeutic tool for use in rehabilitation programs.
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis in Childhood

AbstractWe report the tenth case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, which is a rare cause of supperative proliferative pseudo tumor In children. The disease is more segmental in the child than in the adult and should be considered In the differential diagnosis of renal masses. Early recognition and conservative operation can resultin a permanent cure.
OFDMA-based high resolution sensor node ToA estimation in non-homogenous medium of human body

This paper introduces a novel and effective time-of-arrival (ToA) based range measurement of sensor nodes deployed within Non-homogenous (NH) medium consisting of time and frequency dispersive sub-medias via orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) subcarriers. In the proposed technique, each sensor node exploits pre-allocated orthogonal subcarriers to construct a ranging waveform which enables ToA estimation in dispersive NH media. Here, a set of measurements applying different carrier frequencies are employed to construct a system of linearly independent equations for the available NH channel. The system of equations is used to calculate the thickness of each sub-media. The results are incorporated to refine the estimated ToA and calculate the actual distance between each transmitter and receiver within NH media. Simulation results confirm that the proposed technique is feasible for ranging within NH medium such as human body considering time and frequency dispersion impacts on wide-band waveform.
Researching a Bioethical Question

This chapter reviews different types of bioethical issues, different types of research methodologies, utilization of these research methodologies to answer important bioethical questions, and special considerations in bioethical research. There are five main bioethical research methodologies– historical inquiry, conceptual analysis, cross-cultural comparisons, empirical studies, and policy analysis. Many of the requirements for conducting rigorous and reliable bioethical research are no different from the requirements for high quality clinical research in other areas. Some special considerations while performing a bioethical research are discussed in this chapter. First, some of the utilization methods are not well known to clinical researchers and are not ones they have been trained in. Second, clinical researchers may perceive some of the distinctions made in conceptual analysis a bit like “splitting hairs.” A special consideration in research on a bioethical question relates to valid and reliable measures. For many types of bioethical empirical research, there are methodological skills that can be used to develop and test questions and measures. Another problem that is common in bioethical empirical research is small numbers and low power.
Peromyscus burrowing: A model system for behavioral evolution

A major challenge to understanding the genetic basis of complex behavioral evolution is the quantification of complex behaviors themselves. Deer mice of the genus Peromyscus vary in their burrowing behavior, which leaves behind a physical trace that is easily preserved and measured. Moreover, natural burrowing behaviors are recapitulated in the lab, and there is a strong heritable component. Here we discuss potential mechanisms driving variation in burrows with an emphasis on two sister species: P. maniculatus, which digs a simple, short burrow, and P. polionotus, which digs a long burrow with a complex architecture. A forward-genetic cross between these two species identified several genomic regions associated with burrow traits, suggesting this complex behavior has evolved in a modular fashion. Because burrow differences are most likely due to differences in behavioral circuits, Peromyscus burrowing offers an exciting opportunity to link genetic variation between natural populations to evolutionary changes in neural circuits.
Intracardiac measurements of elasticity using Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) methods: Temporal and spatial stability of shear wave velocimetry

Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) methods have been validated for measuring tissue elastic properties, with shear wave velocimetry emerging as a quantitative way to measure stiffness. Using ultrasound to interrogate cardiac elasticity holds promise for diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction, but acquiring measurements has previously been an invasive procedure and not clinically viable. This work describes the feasibility of generating and tracking acoustic radiation force generated shear waves in myocardium with an intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) transducer and discusses the spatial and temporal stability of these measurements. In vivo healthy canine data are presented, demonstrating the quantitative contrast of systolic and diastolic shear velocities in the right ventricular free wall (RVFW) as measured by this technique. Although the generated shear wave amplitudes are low, ICE shear-wave velocimetry is shown to provide a much less invasive way to quantify the heart's stiffening and relaxation through systole and diastole than prior methods.
Mid-Infrared Photothermal Imaging of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients at Submicrometer Spatial Resolution

Chemical imaging with sufficient spatial resolution to resolve microparticles in tablets is essential to ensure high quality and efficacy in controlled release. The existing modalities have the following disadvantages: they are time-consuming or have poor spatial resolution or low chemical specificity. Here, we demonstrate an epi-detected mid-infrared photothermal (epi-MIP) microscope at a spatial resolution of 0.65 μm. Providing identical spectral profiles as conventional infrared spectroscopy, our epi-MIP microscope enabled mapping of both active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients of a drug tablet.
Fulminant tumefactive multiple sclerosis in pregnancy

A 35-year-old pregnant woman was admitted with acute onset of paresthesias and word finding difficulty. Initial MRI scan of the brain was suggestive of ischaemic event. During hospitalisation, she had a rapid course with worsening of her neurological deficit that prompted additional testing. Further investigations were consistent with tumefactive multiple sclerosis. After a poor initial response to intravenous steroids and plasma exchange, and discussion of all available therapeutic options, the patient decided to proceed with elective termination. Introduction of physical, occupational, speech and disease-modifying therapy resulted in clinical improvement.
Complexity and Ecocritique: The Chaos of Commodification

The contemporary fascination with complexity, and how it might be theoretically reconstructed, expresses the core of capitalist economies. Its well-documented, but not well-understood, workings are also continuously occluded, as some of the Frankfurt School critics observe, in the naturalized categories of conventional political economy that mystify how the chaotic commodification of labor, land, and money rely upon the continuously nonsustainable use of Nature and its resources. Consequently, this preliminary exploration uses Walter Benjamin‟s very nuanced and fascinating notion of “ruins” and the modern urban landscape to study the phantasmagoria of modern mass collective. This work is typified by his meticulous efforts to decode the Paris Arcades, to reexamine the complexities of coupled artificial and natural systems in their coevolving processes of commodity creation and destruction, which is examined here as a new technonatural formation, or “urbanatura.” Today, complexity in chaotic capitalist markets is in many ways a continuous process of pre-ruination and post-ruination always already turning in new ruinous spirals of valorization and devalorization in the marketplace, which leave their mark of destruction in rural and urban spaces. The ability of urban economies and societies to recycle ruins from one historical moment, and the propensity of rural networks of exchange to recycle many sites and systems of ruins in newer, more complex formations of production is perhaps an insight that Benjamin is working towards in the Arcades Project. Yet, he is not able to bring it to completion. This paper takes this provisional line of reasoning in Benjamin, and articulates an ecological critique of spatial complexity for the current era's more destructive systems of unsustainable destruction in Nature and Society.
An introduction to tile-based self-assembly

In this tutorial, we give a brief introduction to the field of tile-based algorithmic self-assembly. We begin with a description of Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM) and a few basic exercises in designing tile assembly systems. We then survey a series of results in the aTAM. Next, we introduce the more experimentally realistic kinetic Tile Assembly Model (kTAM) and provide an exercise in error correction within the kTAM, then an overview of kTAM results. We next introduce the 2-Handed Assembly Model (2HAM), which allows entire assemblies to combine with each other in pairs, along with an exercise in developing a 2HAM system, and then give overviews of a series of 2HAM results. Finally, we briefly introduce a wide array of more recently developed models and discuss their various tradeoffs in comparison to the aTAM and each other.
Using Automatic Speech Recognition to Facilitate Communication Between an Individual who is Hearing and One who is Deaf or Hard of Hearing

This study investigated use of automatic speech recognition (ASR) in 12 pairs where one individual was deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH), and the other one was hearing, with the hearing individual using speech and ASR and the DHH one using typing. Each of the pairs used prototype software for messaging to communicate while completing a standardized decision making task. Results suggested that ASR produced text at a faster rate than a keyboard. When both participants used keyboards, they exchanged more messages than when one or both of them used a smartphone with a miniature keyboard.
Frequency of Guideline-Based Statin Therapy in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease.

We aimed to evaluate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk estimates and guideline-based statin use for primary prevention of ASCVD in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). This was a case-controlled, retrospective study of 248 cases and 744 age- and gender-matched controls at a tertiary care referral center. ASCVD risk scores were calculated and used to assess indication for statin treatment for primary prevention per the 2013 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guideline on assessment of cardiovascular risk. There were no differences in average 10-year ASCVD risk scores between ACHD cases (4.6% ± 6.6%) and matched controls (5.1% ± 6.7%, p = 0.32). ACHD cases had lower total cholesterol (183 ± 38 vs 192.6 ± 35.3 mg/dL, p