cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Buprenorphine-induced alterations of cocaine's reinforcing effects in rhesus monkey: a dose-response analysis

Abstract Buprenorphine reduces cocaine self-administration by rhesus monkeys, opiate- and cocaine-dependent men and polydrug abusers, but the mechanisms underlying these cocaine-opiate interactions are not well understood. In the present study, the effects of daily placebo or buprenorphine (0.1,0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) treatment on cocaine self-administration (0.001–0.3 mg/kg/inject) were examined in five cocaine-experienced rhesus monkeys. Saline and each of six cocaine doses were available in an irregular order. Responding for cocaine (or saline) and food was maintained on a second order FR4 (VR 16:5) schedule of reinforcement. During placebo treatment, the daily number of cocaine injections increased as the unit dose was increased and then decreased at higher doses. Cocaine doses that maintained the highest rates of responding during placebo treatment were more resistant to buprenorphine's effects. The typical increase in response rate during the first five cocaine injections of a session also was attenuated by buprenorphine. The ascending limb of the cocaine dose-response curve was shifted downward and approximately one log unit to the right during low-dose buprenorphine treatment (0.1 mg/kg/day). In contrast, individual response rates for food pellets were unaffected. We conclude that buprenorphine selectively decreases self-administration of some unit doses of cocaine at doses that have minimal effects on food-maintained responding.
Self-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid growth of InP/InAsP core-shell nanopillars

Abstract Indium phosphide/indium arsenide phosphide core–shell nanopillars have been prepared by the vapor–liquid–solid method using liquid indium droplets as the catalyst. The indium droplets were generated in situ in the deposition reactor. The hexagonal nanopillars exhibited hexagonal shaped sidewalls with average width and height of 150 and 250 nm, respectively. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction and X-ray dispersion energy analysis verified that an InAsP layer, approximately 10 nm thick, coated the pillars. Photoluminescence spectra at 77 K yielded an extremely intense band at 0.76 eV (1.63 μm), which was due to the InAsP shell on the pillars.
A comparison of three daily coital diary designs and a phone-in regimen.

Abstract Barrier contraceptive trials and disease intervention studies often utilize coital diaries to measure sexual exposures: dates and frequency of intercourse, product use, additional or alternative contraceptive use, and menstrual bleeding. The validity of these self-reported data is a matter of debate, but if used, better diary designs are sought. We studied 3 different coital diaries, plus a phone-in regimen (none or weekly) in a 3 × 2 factorial design to compare participant ratings and promptness of recording. Our underlying presumption was that ease of and satisfaction with use, and promptness of data collection, are associated with greater accuracy. A self-completed questionnaire at the end of the study collected comparative retrospective data. Diary 1 captured information about a single day on one page and had three columns, for up to three possible acts of intercourse. Diary 2 had the same question format as the first diary, but contained 7 days per page. Diary 3 had 7 days on a page, but instead of a column for each act, participants enumerated the number of acts, the types of contraception used, and condom use details. Half of the women in each diary group phoned in their data weekly. Phone-in improved participants’ satisfaction with the diary design as reflected by higher ratings of diary features. Phone-in did not improve recall of data at the end of the study for any of the diaries. There were no differences in the promptness of diary completion. Diaries 1 and 2 showed good concordance with recalled data, and participants expressed a preference for the layout of Diary 2. Women assigned to Diary 3 expressed dissatisfaction with the design and were worse at recalling data at the end of the study, probably due to the complexity of that diary design.
Filtration by randomly distributed fibers

Abstract A new method is proposed for deriving the exponential equation for aerosol filtration efficiency. In this approach, it is assumed that the filter fibers are randomly distributed and that the theoretical number of fibers with which a particle interacts is Poisson distributed. The overall efficiency is computed as the probability of capture of particles by the fibers in the filter.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Trans-Dihydrodiol Specificity of four Recombinant Human Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase Isoforms

Abstract A major metabolic route of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) activation proceeds through trans-dihydrodiol intermediates. We have previously shown that a member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily, rat liver dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (DD), catalyzes the NAD(P)+-dependent oxidation of PAH trans-dihydrodiols with the concomitant production of reactive oxygen species and o-semiquinone anion radicals on route to cyto- and geno-toxic o-quinones. The relevance of this pathway in humans, however, is unknown. In these studies, four homogeneous recombinant human homologs of rat liver DD (DD1, DD2, DD4 and DDX) were tested for their ability to oxidize a structural series of PAH trans-dihydrodiols of increasing ring size and methylation. The results indicate that human DDs preferred non-K-region trans-dihydrodiols and that methyl substitution enhanced oxidation rates by human DDs. Thus multiple human AKRs can contribute to the activation of structurally diverse procarcinogenic PAH by catalyzing...
Hybrid femtosecond/picosecond rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering temperature and concentration measurements using two different picosecond-duration probes

A hybrid fs/ps pure-rotational CARS scheme is characterized in furnace-heated air at temperatures from 290 to 800 K. Impulsive femtosecond excitation is used to prepare a rotational Raman coherence that is probed with a ps-duration beam generated from an initially broadband fs pulse that is bandwidth limited using air-spaced Fabry-Perot etalons. CARS spectra are generated using 1.5- and 7.0-ps duration probe beams with corresponding coarse and narrow spectral widths. The spectra are fitted using a simple phenomenological model for both shot-averaged and single-shot measurements of temperature and oxygen mole fraction. Our single-shot temperature measurements exhibit high levels of precision and accuracy when the spectrally coarse 1.5-ps probe beam is used, demonstrating that high spectral resolution is not required for thermometry. An initial assessment of concentration measurements in air is also provided, with best results obtained using the higher resolution 7.0-ps probe. This systematic assessment of the hybrid CARS technique demonstrates its utility for practical application in low-temperature gas-phase systems.
The influence of temperature and salinity on ciliary activity of excised gill tissue of molluscs from North Carolina

Abstract 1. 1. species) ceased activity when exposed to 37°C for about 100 min, while those of Modiolus demissus and Crassostrea virginica (intertidal zone species) survived a temperature of 44° for about 100 min. 2. 2. Warm-acclimated Modiolus demissus and Crassostrea survived for a longer period at each experimental temperature than did cold-acclimated individuals; however, Aequipectren did not show any shift of thermal limits with acclimation. 3. 3. Thermal acclimation in Modiolus demissus appears to be complete within 17 days. 4. 4. Photoperiod may influence thermal limits since dark acclimated Modiolus demissus survived slightly longer than those acclimated under a 14 hr light–10hr dark photoperiod. 5. 5. Gill cilia from Aequipecten ceased to beat when exposed to a reduced salinity of 12 to 15 p.p.t. while Crassostrea and Modiolus demissus survived reduced salinities down to 4 p.p.t. and 3 p.p.t. respectively. 6. 6. Cold-acclimated Aequipecten and Modiolus modiolus (from Germany) were more resistent to low salinities than were warm-acclimated individuals, while with Modiolus demissus and Crassostrea the warm-acclimated individuals were more resistant to low salinities than were the cold-acclimated ones.
Expression of a truncated viral trans-activator selectively impedes lytic infection by its cognate virus

A virion protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) specifically and potently activates transcription of the viral immediate early genes. Appropriate function of this protein, termed VP16, depends on an acidic transcriptional activation domain located within the 78 carboxyl-terminal amino acids of the protein. Mutated forms of the protein lacking this acidic domain lose the ability to activate transcription, and can dominantly interfere with the trans-activation function of native VP16 (ref. 1). We have prepared stably transformed mouse L cells that constitutively express a form of VP16 lacking its acidic activating domain. In this report we show that these cells are selectively impaired in their capacity to support the lytic infectious cycle of HSV-1, and that this impairment results from their inability to support immediate early transcription.
Using Dip Pen Techniques for Synthesis of Nanostructures

Carbon Nanotubes were synthesized on passive scanning probes and silicon nitride membranes using Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) techniques. The catalysts precursors were deposited using a "wet" technique. The synthesized CNT were subsequently characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Accommodation in humans with juvenile macular degeneration

Accommodation, or the change in refractive power of the eye to focus objects at different distances, is driven by many stimuli including defocus blur, the awareness of target distance or proximal cues, and through the vergence crosslink (convergence accommodation). The effectiveness of defocus blur as an accommodative stimulus is decreased in normally-sighted subjects as visual acuity is experimentally reduced and as the target is imaged at increasing eccentricities from the fovea. Since subjects with central retinal abnormalities have reduced visual acuity and typically fixate eccentrically, one would predict that defocus blur would not be an effective accommodative stimulus for them. Using an infrared optometer, steady-state accommodative responses of six subjects with juvenile macular degeneration (JMD) and of three normally-sighted controls were measured. The effectiveness of defocus blur in stimulating accommodation varied across the subjects and was related to visual acuity, with those subjects having worse acuity showing less accurate accommodative responses. When provided with additional cues to accommodative demand (i.e. proximal and/or binocular cues), subjects with JMD showed more accurate accommodative responses. In general, those subjects who did not modulate accommodative response with changing defocus blur cues showed the most accurate accommodation under binocular viewing. In contrast, those subjects who did change accommodative response with changing defocus blur cues showed the most accurate accommodation under monocular viewing.
Effect of zinc supplementation on insulin secretion: interaction between zinc and SLC30A8 genotype in Old Order Amish

Aims/hypothesis SLC30A8 encodes a zinc transporter in the beta cell; individuals with a common missense variant (rs13266634; R325W) in SLC30A8 demonstrate a lower early insulin response to glucose and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. We hypothesised that zinc supplementation may improve insulin secretion in a genotype-dependent manner.
Electronic states in rare-earth 1:2:3 oxides: Photoemission and Raman studies.

X-ray photoemission spectra (XPS) and Raman measurements of ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Eu}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ and ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Pr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ are compared to those of ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Pr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. It is shown that, with increasing x, the binding energies of the Ba core levels of ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Pr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ shift towards higher values as in ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Pr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, while those of ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Eu}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ do not, despite similar changes in Ba-O interatomic distances in the latter two systems. Raman measurements of ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Pr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ show a frequency increase of the Ba and apical-oxygen modes with increasing x, but a much smaller frequency increase in ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Eu}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. The XPS and Raman results reflect changes in the Ba-O hybridization and correlate with both the suppression of superconductivity in both ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Pr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ and ${\mathrm{Eu}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Pr}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, and with the retention of superconductivity in ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Eu}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$.
Abstract B25: Feelings associated with research participation influence willingness to take part in epidemiological studies

Purpose: Cancer epidemiology research often involves members of the public as “healthy controls.” Encouraging broad participation in cancer research is a key concern, particularly for research involving members of the general public who may have lower motivation to take part. Most work of individuals9 decisions about study participation has focused on expected utility constructs, examining the benefits participants see to participating and the barriers that make participation less likely. Little attention has been paid to emotional decision‐making processes in this context. Such emotional processes (e.g., fear about procedures, anger about historical research misconduct) may guide decisions about participation. The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of cognitive and affective decision‐making factors to individuals9 participation in a epidemiologic study involving both questionnaire completion and blood collection. Method: Participants (N=46) were community adults in Niagara Falls, NY who were taking part in an educational program about cancer‐related research participation. Both prior to and following the educational program, we assessed participants9 beliefs about the expected utility of participating in studies that involve questionnaire completion and studies that involve blood collection, the positive and negative feelings they associated with taking part in each type of study, and their willingness to take part in each type of study. Following the post‐program questionnaire, participants were offered the opportunity to take part in an epidemiological study in which they could complete a questionnaire, provide a blood sample, or do both. Results: Both willingness to participate in studies and actual participation was primarily predicted by the feelings individuals associated with research, for both blood draw studies and questionnaire studies, those with more negative feelings about participation were less like to report willingness to take part in the study; questionnaire willingness B=−1.21, p Discussion: The feelings individuals have about research participation played a central role in determining participation. Both research to better understand determinants of research participation and interventions to increase participation should consider affective factors. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B25.
Finite Element Simulations of Free Surface Flows With Surface Tension in Complex Geometries

The finite-element program, ANSYS/FLOTRAN, has been enhanced at Release 5.7 to predict free surface flows with surface tension in complex geometries. The two-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved in both Cartesian and axisymmetric coordinate systems. At Release 5.6, the free surface capabilities have been incorporated into ANSYS/FLOTRAN using the CLEAR-VOF algorithm. The main contribution of this work is to implement a surface tension model into ANSYS/ FLOTRAN to study free surface flows with surface tension in complex geometries. Both normal and tangential components of surface tension forces are modeled at the interface through a continuum surface force (CSF) model. This new algorithm is first validated with two model problems: a droplet in equilibrium and an oscillating droplet. For the first problem, the computed pressure value is compared with the theoretical value, whereas for the second problem, the oscillation frequency is compared with both the analytical solution and experimental data. The computer program is then applied to thermocapillary flows in two types of trapezoidal cavities to investigate the interesting flow and heat transfer characteristics
The Visual Photopigments of Simple Deuteranomalous Trichromats Inferred from Color Matching

Deuteranomalous trichromacy is the most common form of inherited color-vision deficiency. A modern description of its cause is a single abnormality: the normal middle-wave cone photopigment (M) is replaced by a shifted middle-wave pigment (M) that is shared by all deuteranomalous trichromats. This explanation, however, fails to account for the individual differences in color vision observed even within the sub-group of deuteranomals with good chromatic discrimination. An ensemble of color matches is used here to test whether these individual differences reflect differences in the wavelength of peak sensitivity (lambda max) of individual deuteranomals' cone photopigments. The results show variation in both the lambda max and the effective optical density of their cone pigments. The individual differences found in lambda max are in accord with recent molecular biological research that shows individual differences in the genes thought to encode deuteranomalous photopigments.
Nonrepetitive DNA transcription in normal and regenerating rat liver

Abstract Initial RNA excess hybridization experiments employing total cell RNA and the complete complement of nonrepetitive DNA sequences showed no differences between normal and regenerating rat liver. However, when the DNA from the RNA-DNA hybrids was isolated and then reacted with homologous and heterologous RNAs the sensitivity of the assay was sufficiently improved to reveal that some of the nonrepetitive DNA transcrips present in normal liver are missing at 24 h and 48 h after a 70% partial hepatectomy. Additional experiments showed that while some of the missing sequences were common to both stages of regeneration, some were also different. The data thus suggest both quantitative and qualitative changes during liver regeneration in the population of RNA molecules transcribed from nonrepetitive DNA.
Robust recovery of multiple light source based on local light source constant constraint

In this paper we are concerned with the robust calibration of light sources in the scene from a known shape. The image of a 3-D object depends on the light source(s), its 3-D geometry, and its surface reflectance properties (Robot Vision, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1986). In the last two decades in the computer vision research communities intensive researches have been conducted along the line of shape from shading (Shape from Shading, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1989), where great efforts are made to recover the 3-D geometry with a priori knowledge regarding the illumination and surface reflectance properties. However, as pointed out by Sato et al. (Proceedings of CVPR'99, 1999, pp. 306), little progress has been made for the recovery of light source(s) with known shape and surface reflectance properties. In a recent paper (IEEE Trans PAMI 23 (2001) 915), Zhang and Yang achieved multiple illuminant direction recovery based on the critical points with impressive performance. In this paper we first formulate the local light source constant constraint, i.e., in a local area of smooth lightness it is likely that the corresponding 3-D world points on the object are illuminated by the same light sources. Based on this constraint we develop an algorithm to recover the multiple illuminants: first based on the Lambertian irradiance formula a linear system is formulated for a local area, the local illuminant direction is then reconstructed by a least-squares solution. To effect insensitivity to noises, the least trimmed square method is carried out. Next a dense set of candidate critical points is obtained as a result of a two-step robust processing, which is used to arrive at the directions of multiple illuminants with an adaptive Hough transform. The magnitude for each light source is then computed by solving an over-determined linear system which is formed by pooling pixels illuminated by the same combined light vector. Initial experimental results based on synthetic and real world images suggested encouraging performance.
Lottery-rationed public access under alternative tariff arrangements: changes in quality, quantity, and expected utility

Abstract A recent phenomenon is the emergence of quotas restricting individual access to public resources. As regulators commonly ration access opportunities by lottery, this paper extends the traditional, open access destination choice framework for non-market demand and welfare analysis. Conceptual results for one- and two-part tariff lotteries indicate that individuals may sustain welfare losses from improvements in quality or increases in the quota if aggregate demand is sufficiently responsive relative to individual utility. Nested random expected utility models (REUMs) are estimated with a panel dataset of individual choices of lottery-rationed harvest rights for wild game. Empirical results indicate that the types and timing of tariff payments affect participation, choices over rationed and open access alternatives and the benefits derived from changes in the quality and quantity of the lottery-rationed access opportunities.
Sex: Dynamics, topology, and bifurcations of complex exponentials

Our goal in this paper is to describe some of the interesting topology that arises in the dynamics of entire functions such as the complex exponential family Eλ(z)= λe. We will see that the important invariant sets for this family possesses a extremely rich topological structure, including such objects as Cantor bouquets, Knaster continua, hair transplants, and explosion points. For a complex analytic function E, the interesting orbits lie in the Julia set, which we denote by J (E). This is the set on which the map is chaotic. For the exponential family, the Julia set of Eλ has three characterizations: (1) J (Eλ) is the set of points at which the family of iterates of Eλ, {En λ} is not a normal family in the sense of Montel. This is the characterization that is most useful to prove theorems. (2) J (Eλ) is the closure of the set of repelling periodic points of Eλ. This is the dynamical definition of the Julia set. (3) J (Eλ) is the closure of the set of points whose orbits tend to ∞. This is the characterization that is most useful to compute the Julia set. We remark that characterization 3 differs from the case of polynomial iterations, where the Julia set is the boundary of the set of escaping orbits. The reason for the difference is Eλ has an essential singularity at ∞, while polynomials have superattracting fixed points at ∞. The equivalence of (1) and (2) was shown by Baker, see [6]. The equivalence of (1) and (3) is shown in [19]. In this paper we will concentrate on the dynamics of Eλ where λ is real. For λ positive, the Julia set for Eλ undergoes a remarkable transformation as λ passes through 1/e. We will show below that Eλ possesses an attracting fixed point when 0< λ< 1/e. All points in the left half plane have orbits that tend to this fixed point. Indeed, the full basin of attraction of this fixed point is open and dense in the plane.
Roles of the song repertoire in red-winged blackbirds

Male red-winged blackbirds, like many other discontinuous singers, possess a repertoire of song types or renditions. We observed the behavior of four territorial males for over 500 h and recorded more than 7,600 songs to determine the functions of these repertoires. Analysis of the recordings and behavior revealed the following:
Reliability of an automated high-resolution manometry analysis program across expert users, novice users, and speech-language pathologists.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate inter- and intrarater reliability among expert users, novice users, and speech-language pathologists with a semiautomated high-resolution manometry analysis program. We hypothesized that all users would have high intrarater reliability and high interrater reliability. Method Three expert users, 15 novice users, and 5 speech-language pathologists participated in this study. Following a 20-min training session, users analyzed 30 high-resolution manometry plots using an automated analysis program. Output parameters included 2- and 3-dimensional pressure integrals over 5 anatomical regions of interest. Intraclass correlations were used to examine inter- and intrarater reliability. An analysis of variance was also performed to determine any differences in mean output parameter values. Results Within-group interrater reliability ranged from 0.54 to 0.99, and intergroup reliability ranged from 0.92 to 0.99. Intrarater reliability ranged from 0.67 to 1.00 acros...
Neutrino mixing and CP phase correlations

Abstract A special form of the 3 × 3 Majorana neutrino mass matrix derivable from μ – τ interchange symmetry accompanied by a generalized CP transformation was obtained many years ago. It predicts θ 23 = π / 4 as well as δ CP = ± π / 2 , with θ 13 ≠ 0 . Whereas this is consistent with present data, we explore a deviation of this result which occurs naturally in a recent proposed model of radiative inverse seesaw neutrino mass.
Choosing a Management Strategy: Two Structured Decision‐Making Methods for Evaluating the Predictions of Stochastic Simulation Models

We describe two structured decision-making methods-one using a hierarchy of goals and a second using ranking on the sum of weighted criteria-that may be useful for many practical conservation prob- lems, particularly when advisory groups evaluate the output of simulation models. We illustrate both meth- ods by applying them to the problem of choosing a management strategy to address the "mobbing" problem in endangered Hawaiian monk seals. Both methods require estimates of the probabilities of various out- comes, such as a population size of more than 400 seals after 20 years under a specific management regime. We used a simulation model of a small monk seal population to generate these probabilities. Both methods provide an explicit, well-documented, and reproducible decision process that helps justify the decision. Furthermore, they are easy for those untrained in decision analysis to understand and use, they focus discussion on management objectives, they facilitate an examination of trade-offs in the light of multiple
Forecasting Fossil Fuel Demand

Abstract The possibility of interfuel substitution in the generation of electrical energy exists. Given this fact, a demand model for various fossil fuels by electric utilities in the United States is developed. The results obtained using regional data suggest that the responsiveness of the demand for coal, residual fuel oil, distillate fuel oil, and natural gas by electric utilities to relative price changes is significant. In a forecasting setting, the demand model performs remarkably well when actual and forecast values for 1979 are compared.
Stimulus control along a drug-dose dimension

Pigeons were trained to discriminate between two dosage levels of phenobarbital, each associated with a different density of reinforcement. Postdiscrimination generalization testing revealed stimulus control exerted along the drug-dosage dimension. Two of four subjects produced gradients showing a peak shift.
Custom shoe last fabrication through CNC milling

The prescription of custom shoes by a physician can facilitate the healing of foot related problems. Manufacturing custom shoe lasts is very expensive and time consuming, however. A high degree of skill is also required to make the shoe lasts. The current process is very labor intensive and slow. An automated process developed at the Center for Robotics and Intelligent Machines (CRIM) fabricates custom shoe lasts inexpensively, accurately, and quickly. This process consists of a laser foot scanner, an integrated graphical modification system and a CNC milling machine. The reduction in fabrication time and cost allows a larger number of patients to benefit from the use of custom shoes.
Nonlinear photon localization for high-intensity laser protection systems for photodetectors and eyes.

A multilayer system of alternating high and low nonlinear materials can be designed to respond actively to the radiation intensity, whereby it transmits ambient light but rejects high-intensity light over a broad spectral region. The transmission of the low-intensity light is determined by the linear refractive indices of the multilayer system, which can be designed to transmit the ambient light totally. The high-intensity laser radiation induces a change in the refractive indices through the nonlinear index, which changes the interface reflectance and randomizes the phase shift of each layer. This induced random one-dimensional system will totally reflect the high-intensity laser over a broad spectrum.
Interference Cancellation in Broadband Wireless Systems Utilizing Phase-Aligned Injection-Locked Oscillators

We demonstrate an interferer suppression method based on feed-forward cancellation that uses an injection-locked oscillator (ILO) to extract interferers from the incident spectrum in an auxiliary receiver. The technique is expected to be useful in environments where a strong narrowband interferer appears along with a wideband desired signal, such as ultra-wideband (UWB) and emerging cognitive-radio applications. The ILO is further embedded within a phase-locked loop which allows self-tuning of the ILO center frequency and automatic phase alignment between the main signal path and auxiliary path. An IC that uses this approach is implemented in a 0.18 mum CMOS process. In measurement, the chip demonstrates 20 dB suppression for phase- and frequency-modulated interferers while maintaining around 18 dB power gain and a noise figure below 5 dB, including an off-chip balun for the desired signal. Techniques for canceling amplitude modulated interferers, though not included in the fabricated chip, can also be implemented by adding an amplitude tracking gain-control loop.
Psychosocial Distress and Substance Use Among Adolescents in Four Countries: Philippines, China, Chile, and Namibia

The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between adolescent substance use and psychosocial distress indicators among 30,851 adolescents aged 11 to 16 in four countries (Philippines, China, Chile, and Namibia). Global School-Based Student Health Survey data from these countries provided information about frequency and lifetime use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs as well as items about early adolescents' feelings of loneliness, worry, hopelessness, suicide, and number of close friends. Overall, there were significant relationships between adolescent substance-use behaviors and a measure of "global" psychosocial distress for both boys and girls in all four countries and for four of the five items of psychosocial distress (often lonely, often worry, sad/hopeless, and having a suicide plan). The association between substance use and psychosocial distress was also consistent in both genders and across the four countries. These results have important implications for professionals who work with adolescent populations.
OCCURRENCE OF ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI IN SMALL MAMMALS FROM THAILAND

Extensive sampling of small mammals was conducted in eight provinces of Thailand between September 9, 1992 and April 29, 2001. A total of 3,498 specimens representing 22 species were collected. Eighty-eight percent (3,089 of 3,498) of the animals were collected from a region in Chiangrai Province, which is commonly recognized as endemic for human scrub typhus. Blood and tissue samples from each animal were tested for the presence of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the etiologic agent of scrub typhus. The predominant species collected were Rattus rattus (53%, n = 1,863), R. losea (18%, n = 638), Bandicota indica (16%, n = 564), and R. exulans (4%, n = 146). Orientia tsutsugamushi was detected in 10 of the 22 species of mammals that included R. bukit (25% infected, 1 of 4), R. rattus (23%, 419 of 1,855), R. argentiventer (22%, 5 of 23), R. berdmorei (22%, 2 of 9), R. losea (13%, 82 of 638), B. indica (9%, 52 of 564), R. koratensis (8%, 1 of 12), B. savilei (3%, 1 of 30), R. exulans (1%, 2 of 146), and Tupaia glis (2%, 1 of 49). Infected animals were found in Chiangrai (18% infected, 563 of 3,084), Bangkok (11%, 1 of 9), Sukothai (3%, 1 of 30), and Nonthaburi (1%, 1 of 69) Provinces. The implications towards scrub typhus maintenance and transmission are discussed.
The influence of discourse on collaboration among nurses, physicians, and consumers

The aim of this study was to determine whether ongoing discussion among nurses, physicians, and consumers influenced their collaborative beliefs and behavior. A stratified experimental sample of 72 professionals and consumers met in small, multidisciplinary groups on a monthly basis for 2 years to discuss health care relationships. Prior to the onset of these groups, and after their conclusion, the experimental sample, a randomly selected control group of 72 persons, and a matched control group of 72 persons all completed the Management of Differences Exercise, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales, and the Health Role Expectations Index. Contrary to predictions, the experimental group (M = -6.85) declined more than controls (M = -4.63, p less than .05) in their beliefs regarding the value of shared versus physician-dominated responsibility for health care and increased more (M = 1.58 versus M = -.53, p less than .007) in their beliefs that powerful individuals such as physicians influence the consumer's health status. Results indicate that ongoing discourse may have enhanced traditional, status quo beliefs regarding the authority and power of the physician rather than fostering collaborative values.
Author response to comment on “Tracking donor-reactive T cells: Evidence for clonal deletion in tolerant kidney transplant patients”

We are grateful for the opportunity to respond to the comments of Gorochov et al . about our recent publication describing the use of a high-throughput T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing approach to track human alloreactive T cells. We defined a pretransplant fingerprint of the anti-donor T cell
Contingent Capital in Executive Compensation

Contingent capital has great potential to improve corporate governance in Systemically Important Financial Institutions (SIFIs). Early initiatives by European SIFIs to include contingent convertible bonds in executive compensation packages lack governance improving designs. This article suggests the use of contingent convertible bonds with an early conversion trigger in executive compensation. The proposal adds an important element to the literature on inside debt and the creditor-centered approach to executive compensation. Contingent convertible bonds with early triggers could be preferable to other debt instruments because, in addition to lowering income inequality and increasing sustainability, the early trigger design can improve incentives for executives to lower risk taking, improve signaling of default risk, and increase incentives for monitoring by creditors and shareholders. The recognition of ownership characteristics in design features adds an important element to the literature on contingent capital trigger designs. The methodological assumptions of incomplete contract theory can improve the analysis of executive compensation arrangements.
Nietzsche/Pentheus: The Last Disciple of Dionysus and Queer Fear of the Feminine

Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.umb.edu/polisci_faculty_pubs Part of the Continental Philosophy Commons, Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons, Feminist Philosophy Commons, German Literature Commons, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies Commons, Other Classics Commons, Other Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Other German Language and Literature Commons, Political Theory Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons
Influence of Phosphorus, Barium, and Lead Compositional Variation on the Chemical Durability of a Multicomponent Glass System

Glasses were prepared by systematic additions of P{sub 2}O{sub 5}, BaO, and PbO to glasses consisting of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-B{sub 2}O{sub 3}-(BaO)-CaO-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}-K{sub 2}O-MgO-Na{sub 2}O-(PbO)-(P{sub 2}O{sub 5})-SiO{sub 2}, and their chemical durability was examined by the EPA TCLP test. The addition of about 1 mol% P{sub 2}O{sub 5} to a glass containing 5 mol% PbO increases the normalized lead leach rate (NLLR) by about 40 relative %, but increasing P{sub 2}O{sub 5} to 2 mol% decreases the NLLR to about the NLLR obtained without P{sub 2}O{sub 5}. A similar, but more dramatic, behavior with changes in the NLLR of about 300 relative % is obtained by sequential combined additions of 1 mol% each of P{sub 2}O{sub 5} and BaO to a glass containing 1 mol% PbO.
Airborne Imaging Spectrometer II: The Optical Design

The Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (AIS I) was a multispectral infrared imaging instrument utilizing a 32 x 32 element mercury-cadmium-telluride detector array. A novel optical design provided high spectral resolution and, in conjunction with the 32-element spatial resolution, made optimal use of the capabilities of the area array. The operational successes of this proof-of-concept instrument, coupled with advances in infrared detector array technology, have provided the impetus and opportunity to upgrade the instrument by replacing the sensor with a newly developed 64 x 64 detector. The original instrument configuration is reviewed, and the design considerations, limitations and trade-offs necessitated by the new detector are examined, particularly the near doubling of the field of view and the increase from 1024 to 4096 pixels per read-out frame.
Retrieval of Model Grid-Scale Heat Capacity Using Geostationary Satellite Products. Part I: First Case-Study Application

In weather forecast and general circulation models the behavior of the atmospheric boundary layer, especially the nocturnal boundary layer, can be critically dependent on the magnitude of the effective model grid-scale bulk heat capacity. Yet, this model parameter is uncertain both in its value and in its conceptual meaning for a model grid in heterogeneous conditions. Current methods for estimating the grid-scale heat capacity involve the areal/volume weighting of heat capacity (resistance) of various, often ill-defined, components. This can lead to errors in model performance in certain parameter spaces. Here, a technique is proposed and tested for recovering bulk heat capacity using time tendencies in satellite-retrieved surface skin temperature (SST). The technique builds upon sensitivity studies that show that surface temperature is most sensitive to thermal inertia in the early evening hours. The retrievals are made within the context of a surface energy budget in a regional-scale model [the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University– National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5)]. The retrieved heat capacities are used in the forecast model, and it is shown that the model predictions of temperature are improved in the nighttime during the forecast periods.
Reliability, risk and lifetime distributions as performance indicators for life-cycle maintenance of deteriorating structures

Abstract Structural capacity deterioration is among the main causes of increasing failure probabilities of structural systems, thus maintenance interventions are a crucial task for their rational management. Several probabilistic approaches have been proposed during the last decades for the determination of cost-effective maintenance strategies based on selected performance indicators. However, benefits and drawbacks of each performance indicator with respect to the others should be further analyzed. The objective of this paper is to investigate probabilistic approaches based on the annual reliability index, annual risk, and lifetime distributions for life-cycle maintenance of structural systems. Maintenance schedules are obtained for representative series, parallel, and series–parallel systems considering total restoration of component resistances whenever a prescribed threshold, based on a selected performance indicator, is reached. Effects related to different structural configurations and correlation among failure modes are investigated. The superstructure of an existing bridge is used to illustrate the presented approaches.
Mayan Voices for Human Rights: Displaced Catholics in Highland Chiapas

Mayan Voices for Human Rights: Displaced Catholics in Highland Chiapas. Christine Kovic. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005. 238 pp.
Allowing Intralimb Kinematic Variability During Locomotor Training Poststroke Improves Kinematic Consistency: A Subgroup Analysis From a Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Locomotor training (LT) to improve walking ability in people poststroke can be accomplished with therapist assistance as needed to promote continuous stepping. Various robotic devices also have been developed that can guide the lower limbs through a kinematically consistent gait pattern. It is unclear whether LT with either therapist or robotic assistance could improve kinematic coordination patterns during walking. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether LT with physical assistance as needed was superior to guided, symmetrical, robotic-assisted LT for improving kinematic coordination during walking poststroke. Design: This study was a randomized clinical trial. Methods: Nineteen people with chronic stroke (>6 months’ duration) participating in a larger randomized control trial comparing therapist- versus robotic-assisted LT were recruited. Prior to and following 4 weeks of LT, gait analysis was performed at each participant's self-selected speed during overground walking. Kinematic coordination was defined as the consistency of intralimb hip and knee angular trajectories over repeated gait cycles and was compared before and after treatment for each group. Results: Locomotor training with therapist assistance resulted in significant improvements in the consistency of intralimb movements of the impaired limb. Providing consistent kinematic assistance during robotic-assisted LT did not result in improvements in intralimb consistency. Only minimal changes in discrete kinematics were observed in either group. Limitations: The limitations included a relatively small sample size and a lack of quantification regarding the extent of movement consistency during training sessions for both groups. Conclusions: Coordination of intralimb kinematics appears to improve in response to LT with therapist assistance as needed. Fixed assistance, as provided by this form of robotic guidance during LT, however, did not alter intralimb coordination.
Coupling of modes analysis of resonant channel add-drop filters

The operation principle of resonant channel add-drop filters based on degenerate symmetric and antisymmetric standing-wave modes has been described elsewhere using group theoretical arguments. In this paper, the analysis is carried out using coupling of modes in time. A possible implementation of such a filter is a four-port system utilizing a pair of identical single-mode standing wave resonators. The analysis allows a simple derivation of the constraints imposed on the design parameters in order to establish degeneracy. Numerical simulations of wave propagation through such a filter are also shown, as idealized by a two-dimensional geometry.
Characterizing inflammatory breast cancer among Arab Americans in the California, Detroit and New Jersey Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries (1988–2008)

Introduction: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is characterized by an apparent geographical distribution in incidence, being more common in North Africa than other parts of the world. Despite the rapid growth of immigrants to the United States from Arab nations, little is known about disease patterns among Arab Americans because a racial category is rarely considered for this group. The aim of this study was to advance our understanding of the burden of IBC in Arab ethnic populations by describing the proportion of IBC among different racial groups, including Arab Americans from the Detroit, New Jersey and California Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries. Methods: We utilized a validated Arab surname algorithm to identify women of Arab descent from the SEER registries. Differences in the proportion of IBC out of all breast cancer and IBC characteristics by race and menopausal status were evaluated using chi-square tests for categorical variables, t-tests and ANOVA tests for continuous variables, and log-rank tests for survival data. We modeled the association between race and IBC among all women with breast cancer using hierarchical logistic regression models, adjusting for individual and census tract-level variables. Results: Statistically significant differences in the proportion of IBC out of all breast cancers by race were evident. In a hierarchical model, adjusting for age, estrogen and progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth receptor 2, registry and census-tract level education, Arab-Americans (OR=1.5, 95% CI=1.2,1.9), Hispanics (OR=1.2, 95% CI=1.1,1.3), Non-Hispanic Blacks (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.2, 1.4), and American Indians/Alaskans (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.1, 3.4) had increased odds of IBC, while Asians (OR=0.6, 95% CI=0.6, 0.7) had decreased odds of IBC as compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. Conclusions: IBC may be more common among certain minority groups, including Arab American women. Understanding the descriptive epidemiology of IBC by race may generate hypotheses about risk factors for this aggressive disease. Future research should focus on etiologic factors that may explain these differences.