cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationships between nutrients and plant density in liquid media during micropropagation and acclimatization of turmeric

To improve micropropagation and acclimatization of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), we evaluated the effects of media volume, plant density, macronutrient ion concentrations, cationic ratios [NH4 +]/[K+], and sucrose concentration. Multiplication was highest with low bud density. Yield of new plants was highest with high bud density, the most sucrose, the highest concentration of macronutrients, and the greatest volume of medium. However, maximum plant size required low-density, reduced sucrose and elimination of NH4 +. The largest plants grew quickest during greenhouse acclimatization when macronutrients were lowered to 20 mM. In a follow-up experiment, media volume was set at 40 mL with 5% sucrose with NH4 + reduced to 5 mM, and the effects of varying P, Ca, Mg, KNO3, and bud densities were assessed. The largest plants were produced at low density. More importantly, at high density the optimal concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, and KNO3 predicted plant size that was nearly equal to the maximum value from low-density cultures in the prior experiment. Growth of plants during greenhouse acclimatization was increased by modifications of in vitro medium with plants cultured with 3.32 mM P, 4.5 mM Mg, and 37 mM KNO3 predicted to grow most rapidly. The effect of starter fertilizer in the greenhouse mix was much less than the effects of P, Mg, and KNO3 in vitro. These results showed (1) optimal media formulae for different stages of micropropagation and (2) process-related factors such as plant density and media volume affected the optimal nutrient concentrations.
Maximal Treadmill Stress Test Correlated with Postexercise Phonocardiogram in Normal Subjects

One hundred normal subjects, mean age 51, who had had a simultaneous phonocardiogram and electrocardiogram at rest and after a double Master's test had a maximal treadmill stress test. Thirteen of 100 normal people (13%) had an abnormal maximal treadmill stress test with at least 1.0 mm of ischemic ST-segment depression. Ten of 29 normal subjects (34%) with a fourth heart sound and four of 11 normal people (36%) with a third heart sound after their double Master's test had an abnormal maximal treadmill stress test. Three of 71 normal subjects (4%) without a fourth heart sound and nine of 89 normal people (10%) without a third heart sound after their double Master's test had an abnormal maximal treadmill stress test. Normal subjects with an abnormal maximal treadmill stress test had a significantly higher incidence of fourth heart sounds (P <0.001) and third heart sounds (P <0.02) than normals with a normal maximal treadmill stress test.
Evaluation of Electronic and Fax Methods for Survey Research

Abstract In an effort to improve the efficiency and cost effectiveness of written surveys, we compared our experiences with distribution of surveys through e-mail and FAX to our earlier uses of surveys mailed in the traditional manner. We used a sample list of dietetic educators that provided e-mail addresses for about two-thirds of the members. If there was no functional e-mail address, we faxed the surveys. Respondents receiving the e-mail version were urged to return it electronically using their "reply" feature. If the respondents chose FAX or mail for their returns, they bore the expense. Using a system of two reminders and a modest incentive prize (awarded by lot), we achieved a 44% response rate within six weeks of the first distribution. With both e-mail and FAX it was possible to avoid making large numbers of copies of the four page survey, saving copying costs significantly. Each survey was individually addressed; this could be done without paper in the case of e-mail, but did require an individual cover letter for the faxed surveys. As was expected, since the electronic connectivity was already available, e-mail was the least expensive method. Skills and time required for handling differed between the three methods; faxing about 50 copies took several hours, time that could have been saved had we sacrificed the personalized introductory letter. We saw no evidence that respondents responding by FAX or mail were reluctant to bear the costs of their responses; in fact, some sent duplicate copies by more than one medium. The novelty of the delivery system may have been a factor; if e-mail or FAX surveys become commonplace, the responsiveness might diminish. The major shortcoming of e-mail is the limitation it places on sampling: lists including e-mail addresses are not readily available, many addresses include errors, use of listserves gives little control over the sampling, and one can not assume no bias between individuals using e-mail and those not. To a certain extent, the same sampling limitations apply to FAX surveys. Undoubtedly, as use of e-mail expands, high quality lists will become available; in that case, electronic surveys will probably be the method of choice for professional populations.
Nonconvulsive status epilepticus masquerading as stroke

This case describes a patient with multiple stroke risk factors—including prior stroke—who presented to the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of stroke and who received a rapid stroke work up but was later found to be in non convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). This case report highlights the challenge and importance of making an accurate diagnosis in NCSE, and we have included teaching points to help clinicians understand the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of NCSE as well as how it may impact a patient's prognosis. Given the growing attention to rapid stroke protocols in emergency departments across the country, it is important to remember that not all that appears as stroke is stroke, even in people who are at high risk for stroke or in whom stroke is the most likely cause of their neurologic deficits.
Ethical Issues Related to the Mass Marketing of Securities

This paper examines ethical issues involved in the mass marketing of securities to individuals. The marketing of products deemed “socially questionable” or “sinful” (like tobacco and alcohol) has long been recognized as posing special ethical challenges (Kotler, P. and S. Levy: 1971, Harvard Business Review 49, 74–80; Davidson, D. K: 1996, Selling Sin: The Marketing of Socially Unacceptable Products (Quorum Press, Westport). We contend that marketers should consider securities (i.e. common stock, options) in a similar vein, as a potentially dangerous product. Given the inherent volatility of equity prices, responsible marketers need to exercise caution and restraint in promoting securities. We evaluate whether the NYSE’s current guidelines adequately encourage ethical marketing practices and deter unethical ones. Using recent examples of controversial brokerage advertisements, we expose weaknesses in the Exchange’s vague injunction that members not “mislead” reasonable people by making “exaggerated claims” in their communications. From a moral perspective, we find it troublesome that intentionality need not be present for a promotion to be considered misleading. Also problematic is the continued invocation of the reasonable person standard to judge the propriety of advertisements. We close with some thoughts on improving the quality of securities marketing. We suggest that the NYSE, in the interests of fostering higher ethical behavior among member marketers, may need to revive a marketing code of conduct prevalent on Wall Street in an earlier era.
HgCdTe APD-based linear-mode photon counting components and ladar receivers

Linear mode photon counting (LMPC) provides significant advantages in comparison with Geiger Mode (GM) Photon Counting including absence of after-pulsing, nanosecond pulse to pulse temporal resolution and robust operation in the present of high density obscurants or variable reflectivity objects. For this reason Raytheon has developed and previously reported on unique linear mode photon counting components and modules based on combining advanced APDs and advanced high gain circuits. By using HgCdTe APDs we enable Poisson number preserving photon counting. A metric of photon counting technology is dark count rate and detection probability. In this paper we report on a performance breakthrough resulting from improvement in design, process and readout operation enabling >10x reduction in dark counts rate to ~10,000 cps and >10 4 x reduction in surface dark current enabling long 10 ms integration times. Our analysis of key dark current contributors suggest that substantial further reduction in DCR to ~ 1/sec or less can be achieved by optimizing wavelength, operating voltage and temperature.
A pharmacodynamically responsive model of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) transfer between liver and fat at low and high doses.

Abstract We have constructed a pharmacokinetic model for TCDD in the rat, emphasizing its transfer between plasma, lipid, and cytoplasmic compartments of the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT), and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Volumes of the lipid pools are controlled by a submodel of triglyceride (TG) metabolism and transport that responds via a receptor for TCDD in WAT cytoplasm with a Kd of about 2 nM. This submodel, and one for cytochrome P450IA2 induction, allowed us to simulate binding of TCDD to the induced P450IA2 binding sites at low doses (1 ng/kg to 10 μg/kg) independently of the decreased feed intake and hyperlipidemia associated with higher doses (20 to 120 μg/kg). In low-dose simulations, the induction of cytochrome P450IA2 binding sites for TCDD dominated the redistribution of TCDD between WAT and liver. When simulations were performed using a partitioning model with constant gastrointestinal flows, increased WAT lipolysis driven by reduced feed intake (from 10 to 120 μg/kg) is predicted to result in a decreased WAT volume and a sharp drop in the mass of WAT-associated TCDD, while initially increasing the levels of TCDD in liver. However, the observed concentration of TCDD in WAT increased in rats treated with a high dose (72 μg/kg) of TCDD. The rise in tissue concentrations could not be explained without incorporating decreased intestinal flows into the gastrointestinal absorption process, which increased the resorption of TCDD. TCDD concentrations in tissue increased only when the relative tissue volumes decreased more rapidly than the wholebody TCDD elimination rate.
Immersion defectivity study with volume production immersion lithography tool

ArF immersion lithography has become accepted as the critical layer patterning solution for lithography going forward. Volume production of 55 nm devices using immersion lithography has begun. One of the key issues for the success of volume production immersion lithography is the control of immersion defectivity. Because the defectivity is influenced by the exposure tool, track, materials, and the wafer environment, a broad range of analysis and optimization is needed to minimize defect levels. Defect tests were performed using a dedicated immersion cluster consisting of a volume production immersion exposure tool, Nikon NSR-S609B, having NA of 1.07, and a resist coater-developer, TEL LITHIUS i+. Miniaturization of feature size by immersion lithography requires higher sensitivity defect inspection. In this paper, first we demonstrate the high sensitivity defect measurement using a next generation wafer inspection system, KLA-Tencor 2800 and Surfscan SP2, on both patterned and non-patterned wafers. Long-term defect stability is very important from the viewpoint of device mass production. Secondly, we present long-term defectivity data using a topcoat-less process. For tool and process qualification, a simple monitor method is required. Simple, non-pattern immersion scanned wafer measurement has been proposed elsewhere, but the correlation between such a non-pattern defect and pattern defect must be confirmed. In this paper, using a topcoat process, the correlation between topcoat defects and pattern defects is analyzed using the defect source analysis (DSA) method. In case of accidental tool contamination, a cleaning process should be established. Liquid cleaning is suitable because it can be easily introduced through the immersion nozzle. An in-situ tool cleaning method is introduced. A broad range of optimization of tools, materials, and processes provide convincing evidence that immersion lithography is ready for volume production chip manufacturing.
Using computerized medical databases to measure and to improve the quality of intensive care

This article reviews the potential for using computerized databases to measure the quality of care in the intensive care unit. There are 2 types of computerized databases used to assess quality of care: administrative databases used primarily for purposes other than medical care and electronic medical record databases collected specifically for clinical purposes. Quality of care is a difficult property to measure but is generally assessed along 3 domains: structure, process, and outcome. There are several problems with using computerized medical databases to measure and improve quality of care. Many factors known to be important to measuring the severity of illness and process of care in critically ill patients are not captured in routine administrative databases. The criteria for the ethical use of electronic medical record data for research, clinical care, and quality improvement are identical to those that should be applied to using paper medical records. Standardizing a minimal intensive care unit dataset, identifying and measuring optimal processes of care, and understanding the limits of risk adjusted outcomes are all important steps in the process of the optimal use of computerized databases to study and improve the quality of care in the intensive care unit.
FINITE VOLUME METHODS ON VORONOI MESHES

Two cell-centered finite difference schemes on Voronoi meshes are derived and investigated. Stability and error estimates in a discrete H1-norm for both symmetric and nonsymmetric problems, including convection dominated, are proven. The theoretical results are illustrated with several numerical experiments. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 14:193–212, 1998
The representational framework in perceptual theory

The representational stance in perceptual theory is described and its proper domain of application is examined. A decision rule for invoking representation is proposed but, although the rule is principled, its implementation is problematic. Despite the widespread appeaLof therepresentational stance, detailed working out of the position within perceptual theory is still needed.
Uptake of label into methylated amino acids from rat tissue histones after in vivo administration of [Me-14C] methionine

Abstract 2, 24 and 48 h after administration of [ Me - 14 C] methionine to Novikoff hepatoma bearing rats, histones were isolated from thymus, liver and tumor and hydrolysed. Chromatograms of the basic amino acids in the hydrolysates revealed ninhydrin peaks of ϵ - N -methyllysine, 3-methylhistidine and ω - N -methylarginine. The relative distribution of radioactivity among the methylated amino acids was constant over the entire experimental interval, and differed in the three tissues studied. It appears therefore that at least in this respect histones exhibit tissue specificity.
Methodology for the Determination of Relative Weights of Highway Asset Management System Goals and of Performance Measures

Of the overall benefits of a highway project, only a portion may be quantifiable in dollar values and the remaining in nondollar values. To facilitate project comparisons, both portions of project benefits need to be converted into commensurable values. Such conversion can be achieved by using multicriteria value functions that can be derived through weighting, scaling, and amalgamation. This paper introduces a methodology that applies the analytical hierarchy process to analyze survey data collected using the Delphi method to derive optimal weights of highway system goals and of performance measures needed in the weighting step. The writers further illustrate the impact of using the derived optimal weights over average weights assigned by survey respondents for estimating project benefits on project selection results in a case study. Significant differences are revealed in project selection results based on the two sets of weights. This provides evidence that highway project evaluation using the average weights could unduly skew the estimation of project benefits and, therefore, could yield biased decisions.
EFFECT OF FREQUENT SUN EXPOSURE ON BACTERIAL COLONIZATION OF SKIN

: The bacteria colonizing the surface of the skin of a group of frequent sunbathers and a group of infrequent sunbathers were surveyed. Frequent sunbathing does not greatly affect the total number of organisms on the skin, but does tend to increase the proportion of bacteria containing carotenoid pigments.
Do preoperative biliary stents increase postpancreaticoduodenectomy complications

It has been suggested that the placement of endoscopic or percutaneous biliary stents prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy increases postoperative morbidity. A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was performed. Patients undergoing preoperative biliary stenting were compared with patients who did not undergo stenting. In addition, outcomes after endoscopic and percutaneous stenting were compared. Patients who had undergone operative biliary bypass prior to pancreaticoduodenectomy were excluded from the analysis. Between January 1994 and December 1997, 567 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy without prior operative biliary bypass. Preoperative biliary stenting was performed in 408 patients (72%), whereas the remaining 159 patients (28%) did not undergo biliary stenting. In the stented group, 64% had stents placed via a percutaneous approach and 36% had stents placed endoscopically. The stented patients were older (mean 63.1 years vs. 61.4 years; P = 0.05) and were more likely to be white (92% vs. 82%; P = 0.005). Those who had stents placed were more likely to have jaundice (67% vs. 38%; P <0.0001) and fever (5% vs. 1%; P = 0.03) as presenting symptoms. There were no differences in multiple intraoperative parameters when the two groups were compared. Patients who had stents placed had a perioperative mortality rate of 1.7% compared to 2.5% in those who did not (P = 0.3). Although the overall complication rates were 35% in those who had stents placed and 30% in those who did not (P = NS), patients with stents experienced a significantly increased incidence of pancreatic fistula (10% vs. 4%; P = 0.02) and wound infection (10% vs. 4%; P = 0.02). The incidences of other postoperative complications were similar between the stented and unstented groups. Eight patients (3%) in the percutaneously stented group developed significant hemobilia after stent placement, whereas none of the patients undergoing endoscopic stent placement developed hemobilia (P = 0.03). There were no statistical differences in other complications between the percutaneously and endoscopically stented groups. Preoperative biliary stenting did not increase the overall complication rate or mortality rate in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Stenting does appear to increase the rate of pancreatic fistula formation, possibly as a result of pancreatic inflammation related to the stenting procedure. Stenting also increases the rate of wound infection, likely secondary to contaminated bile (bactibilia) after instrumentation of the biliary tree. Preoperative biliary stenting is safe but should be used selectively because of the above-mentioned risks. The method of stenting should be based on local expertise.
Effect of HIV-1 infection on human DNA yield from saliva.

AbstractPurpose: Saliva is a good source of DNA for genomic research, and leukocytes are a predominant source of DNA in human saliva. Advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-type 1 infection disrupts tonsillar architecture and depletes tonsillar lymphocytes. We tested whether HIV-1 infection reduces extracted human DNA yield from saliva. Methods: Approximately 2 mL of expectorated saliva was collected from HIV-infected adults during routine primary care clinic visits and from healthy, HIV-negative controls. Human DNA was manually extracted and was specifically quantified by assaying for the RNAse P gene. Results: Seventy-five individuals were studied, including 25 HIV-infected adults with 200 CD4+ T cells/mm3, and 25 HIV-negative controls. Overall DNA yield was 64.7 μg [29.0–139.7 μg] (median [interquartile range]). Yields were comparable among HIV-infected individuals with lower CD4+ T cell counts (74.3 μg [39.4–151.4 μg]), hi...
A 6809 single-board computer system for the control of behavioral experiments

A computer system consisting of a 6809 single-board computer in conjunction with an IBM-compatible Personal Computer (PC) is described for the control of behavioral experiments. The single-board computer uses the C programming language to program experimental events. Each component of the system (the single-board computer, a digital interface, the PC, and the software) is outlined with its capabilities and drawbacks noted.
Role of the Putative Zinc Finger Domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA Polymerase ε in DNA Replication and the S/M Checkpoint Pathway

It has been proposed that C-terminal motifs of the catalytic subunit of budding yeast polymerase (pol) epsilon (POL2) couple DNA replication to the S/M checkpoint (Navas, T. A., Zheng, Z., and Elledge, S. J. (1995) Cell 80, 29-39). Scanning deletion analysis of the C terminus reveals that 20 amino acid residues between two putative C-terminal zinc fingers are essential for DNA replication and for an intact S/M cell cycle checkpoint. All mutations affecting the inter-zinc finger amino acids or the zinc fingers themselves are sensitive to methylmethane sulfonate and have reduced ability to induce RNR3, showing that the mutants are defective in the transcriptional response to DNA damage as well as the cell cycle response. The mutations affect the assembly of the pol epsilon holoenzyme. Two-hybrid assays show that the POL2 subunit interacts with itself, and that the replication and checkpoint mutants are specifically defective in the interaction, suggesting (but not proving) that direct or indirect dimerization may be important for the normal functions of pol epsilon . The POL2 C terminus is sufficient for interaction with DPB2, the essential and phylogenetically conserved subunit of pol epsilon , but not for interaction with DPB3. Neither Dpb3p nor Dpb2p homodimerizes in the two-hybrid assay.
Evaluation of Ultrasonography and Focused Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis and Management of Appendicitis in Children

Evaluation of Ultrasonography and Focused Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis and Management of Appendicitis in Children
THE ABSORPTION SPECTRUM OF VISUAL PURPLE.

The absorption spectra of visual purple solutions extracted by various means were measured with a sensitive photoelectric spectrophotometer and compared with the classical visual purple absorption spectrum. Hardening the retinas in alum before extraction yielded visual purple solutions of much higher light transmission in the blue and violet, probably because of the removal of light-dispersing substances. Re-extraction indicated that visual purple is more soluble in the extractive than are the other colored retinal components. However, the concentration of the extractive did not affect the color purity of the extraction but did influence the keeping power. This suggests a chemical combination between the extractive and visual purple. The pH of the extractive affected the color purity of the resulting solution. Over the pH range from 5.5 to 10.0, the visual purple color purity was greatest at the low pH. Temperature during extraction was also effective, the color purity being greater the higher the temperature, up to 40°C. Drying and subsequent re-dissolving of visual purple solutions extracted with digitalin freed the solution of some protein impurities and increased its keeping power. Dialysis against distilled water seemed to precipitate visual purple from solution irreversibly. None of the treatments described improved the symmetry of the unbleached visual purple absorption spectrum sufficiently for it to resemble the classical absorption spectrum. Therefore it is very likely that the classical absorption spectrum is that of the light-sensitive group only and that the absorption spectra of our purest unbleached visual purple solutions represent the molecule as a whole.
Some prospects for the production and observation of new particles

Abstract In order to predict the possible existence of new particles, we review the properties of the known particles, their production and decay characteristics, and some useful schemes for their classification. New possibilities are considered through the extrapolation of such schemes, mainly that of Gell-Mann and Nishijima, subject tto the conditions that no elementary particle be multiply charged. For each prospect, we consider the decay and production mechanism and subject the predictions, following from its possible existence, to the available observational information. We are left with two prospects: a strangeness ±2, singlet, charged boson and a strangeness −3, negative, singlet hyperon. Some possible experiments for their production and observation are discussed.
Pioneer fly-by of Saturn and its rings

Results acquired by the imaging photopolarimeter on board Pioneer 11 during the spacecraft fly-by of Saturn and its rings on September 1, 1979 are reviewed. Analysis of the broadband photometry and polarimetry obtained of the Saturn atmosphere has been used to determine a cloud top height of 300 mb and a scale height of the aerosol distribution about 1/4 that of the ambient gas, and to point out differences between the forward scattering and belt and zone characteristics of the Saturn and Jupiter atmospheres. Images of Saturn's rings have been used to derive a profile of ring optical depth between 1.22 and 2.35 Saturn radii, and reveal new divisions and thin rings and azimuthal variations in the brightness of the A ring not observable from earth. Linear polarization observations of Titan in red and blue light reveal that the aerosols near the top of the atmosphere have radii less than about 0.09 micron and that the optical thickness of the small aerosol layer is about 0.6 above an effectively depolarizing surface, and indicate radii of 2845 + or - 25 km and 2880 + or - 22 km in red and blue light, respectively. Earth-based and spacecraft data are consistent with the formation of rings structures as a result of Poynting-Robertson drag and gravitational satellite resonances with the original ice and rock particles.
An attributional perspective of aggression in organizations

Purpose – This paper emphasizes that employee attributional processing is a vital element in understanding employee aggression in organizations. The purpose of this paper is to summarize attributional perspectives and integrate recent theoretical advances into a comprehensive model.Design/methodology/approach – The paper achieved its objectives by reviewing and integrating research and theories on aggression, cognitive processing, and attribution processes to explain how employee aggression unfolds in the workplace. Propositions are suggested.Findings – It was found that early conceptualizations proposing that employee attributions and attribution styles would play important and significant roles in predicting employee aggression were supported by recent research enabling theoretical advancements.Originality/value – Over the last 15 years, research advances show how attributions influence employee aggression. This paper integrates recent theoretical advances with prior empirical evidence and provides a co...
Thermoplasma: a primordial cell from a refuse pile

Abstract A thermo-acidophilic archaebacterium is among the simplest of all known free-living microorganisms. Some of its features suggest that it might be related to the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Gel permeation chromatography: Differential operation

Operation of gel permeation chromatographs in the differential mode provides a sensitive method for detecting small differences in molecular weight distribution between similar samples. The solvent used in this case is a dilute solution of the reference polymer in an organic solvent. This solution is used in both the reference and the separation column. Samples of the material to be compared are injected in the normal manner. Only differences between the samples are reflected in the resulting chromatogram. For process control, this offers a simplified data presentation and should lead to easier detection of changes in operating conditions.
Developing Faculty Learning Communities at Two-Year Colleges: Collaborative Models to Improve Teaching and Learning

In their introduction to Developing faculty learning communities at two-year colleges: Collaborative models to improve teaching and learning, Susan Sipple and Robin Lightner point to the findings o...
Testing hybrid electric vehicle emissions and fuel economy at the 1994 Hybrid Electric Vehicle Challenge

From June 12--20, 1994, an engineering design competition called the 1994 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Challenge was held in Southfield, Michigan. This collegiate-level competition, which involved 36 colleges and universities from across North America, challenged the teams to build a superior HEV. One component of this comprehensive competition was the emissions event. Special HEV testing procedures were developed for the competition to find vehicle emissions and correct for battery state-of-charge while fitting into event time constraints. Although there were some problems with a newly-developed data acquisition system, they were able to get a full profile of the best performing vehicles as well as other vehicles that represent typical levels of performance from the rest of the field. This paper will explain the novel test procedures, present the emissions and fuel economy results, and provide analysis of second-by-second data for several vehicles.
Assessment of the aftermath of rape: Changing patterns of fear

In order to test a social learning theory model which states that fear and anxiety responses are classically conditioned by a terror-inducing rape experience, 46 recent rape victims and 35 nonvictims matched for age, race, and neighborhood of residence were assessed with the 120-item Modified Fear Survey at four postrape intervals: (1) 6–10 days, (2) 1 month, (3) 3 months, and (4) 6 months. Victims were significantly more fearful than nonvictims, and victim fears declined somewhat over time but remained at high levels at the 6-month postrape period. Content analysis of highly feared situations revealed that most fears were rape related in that they were rape cues, rape-precipitated concerns, and/or cues signaling vulnerability to subsequent attack. Patterns of fear appeared to change such that attack vulnerability cues were most feared.
Time-resolved contrast in near-field scanning optical microscopy of semiconductors

We demonstrate the ability of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) technique to detect inhomogeneities of the dynamics of excess carriers in oxidized silicon wafers. NSOM is used to improve the spatial resolution of a standard IR-scattering optical technique, which is carried out in a noncontact fashion. Continuous wave infrared light is used as a detector of the time dependent carrier population produced by a pulsed visible laser. We will show high resolution images of carrier lifetime, and discuss some aspects of the NSOM measurement that differentiate it from its far field counterpart.
RECLASSIFICATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK WITH CORONARY CALCIUM SCORING IN SUBJECTS WITHOUT DOCUMENTED CORONARY HEART DISEASE: COMPARISON WITH RISK ASSESSMENT BASED ON REYNOLDS RISK SCORE

Unlike Framingham risk score (FRS), Reynolds risk score (RRS) predicts future coronary heart disease (CHD) while incorporating C-reactive protein (CRP) & family history. Coronary calcium scoring (CAC) has shown additive value over FRS but not RRS. We investigated if CAC leads to reclassification of
The Word in Black and White: Reading Race in American Literature, 1638-1867

Nelson provides a study of the ways in which Anglo-American authors constructed "race" in their works from the time of the first British colonists through the period of the Civil War. She focuses on some eleven texts, ranging from widely-known to little-considered, that deal with the relations among Native, African, and Anglo-Americans, and places her readings in the historical, social, and material contexts of an evolving U.S. colonialism and internal imperialism. Nelson shows how a novel such as The Last of the Mohicans sought to reify the Anglo historical past and simultaneously suggested strategies that would serve Anglo-Americans against Native Americans as the frontier pushed further west. Concluding her work with a reading of Harriet Jacobs's Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl Nelson shows how that text undercuts the racist structures of the pre-Civil War period by positing a revised model of sympathy that authorizes alternative cultural perspectives and requires Anglo-Americans to question their own involvement with racism.
Bora-aromatic systems VI. Dehalogenation of organoboron dihalides in the search for borenes

Abstract The dehalogenation of various organoboron dihalides (methylboron diiodide, phenylboron dibromide and phenylboron dichloride) by metal reducing agents (potassium, bis(trimethylsilyl)mercury, diethyltin oligomer and hexamethyldistannane) has been examined as a possible approach to the generation of boron(I) or borenoid intermediates. The use of alkynes as a boron(I) trapping agent has been shown to be inadvisable with metals and organoboron dibromides or diiodides. From the reaction of phenylboron dibromide, potassium and diphenylacetylene, none of the previously claimed hexaphenyl-1, 4-dibora-2,5-cyclohexadiene could be detected. The interaction of phenylboron dichloride with various metal agents led to the formation of borenoid intermediates of the type PhBMCl, which showed the tendency to undergo: 1. alpha-elimination (M = Me3SiHg) to generate phenylborene; 2. rearrangement (M = Me3Sn) to yield Ph(Me)BSn(Cl)Me2; and 3. alpha-elimination of PhBMeCl from such latter intermediates to yield Me2Sn.
Studies of diabetic instability. II. Tests of insulinogenic reserve with infusions of arginine, glucagon, epinephrine, and saline

Abstract Insulinogenic reserve was tested with arginine, glucagon, and epinephrine in eight unstable and four stable diabetics and in five normal subjects. All subjects were fasted and resting during the tests. Blood glucose regulatory stability was measured during near-normal (ambulatory-fed) conditions in the same subjects. Evaluation of insulinogenic reserve was based on changes in plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentration. The validity of assessing changes in IRI concentration in the presence of insulin-binding antibodies was supported with simultaneous measurements of indirect indications of the biologic effects of insulin. The changes, from base-line values, in IRI concentrations were consistent with and appropriate for the changes in blood glucose and serum free fatty acid and ketone body concentrations. No significant blood glucose fluctuations occurred under unstimulated fasting-resting conditions in any subject (saline test), in contrast to the distinct differences between groups in the amplitude of glycemic excursions during ambulatory-fed conditions. Blood glucose and ketone body concentrations increased steadily during the saline test in unstable diabetics in contrast to stable diabetics and normals. A correlation was evident between insulin secretory ability under resting-fasting conditions and blood glucose regulatory stability during ambulatory-fed conditions. Unstable diabetics had no demonstrable insulinogenic reserve, except for one maturity-onset diabetic with biochemical and clinical characteristics of unstable diabetes. Stable diabetics had demonstrable insulinogenic reserve but less than that of normals.
Onset of Reduced Ca2+Sensitivity of Tension During Stunning in Porcine Myocardium

Recent data suggest that reduced Ca2+ sensitivity of tension is a mechanism of the post-ischemic myocardial dysfunction, termed stunning. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the decrease in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity occurs during ischemia or during the subsequent period of reperfusion. Serial biopsies from an in vivo open-chest porcine model of regional LAD myocardial stunning (n = 6) were used to obtain in vitro measurements of Ca2+ sensitivity of tension in myocardium from the LAD bed. Regional ventricular myocardial function was assessed from percentage systolic myocardial wall thickening (%Th) and the load-independent end-systolic pressure wall thickness relation (ESPTR). Stunning was induced by 45 min of low flow LAD ischemia (43 +/- 4 ml/min/100 gm) followed by 30 min of reperfusion with control aerobic flow (117 +/- 7 ml/min/100 g). Endocardial biopsies were obtained from the LAD bed during pre-ischemia, ischemia (immediately prior to reperfusion), and post-ischemia (after 30 min of reperfusion). Biopsies were mechanically disrupted and single cell-sized preparations of permeabilized myocardium were attached to a force transducer to measure directly steady-state tension-pCa relationships. The % decreased to 7 +/- 11% of control during ischemia (P < 0.001) and returned to 30 +/- 11% of control in the post-ischemic stunned state (P < 0.001). Stunning resulted in a significant leftward shift of the ESPTR as compared to control, indicating depressed regional myocardial function. The pCa (-log[Ca2+]) for half maximal activation of tension, i.e. pCa50, was 5.96 +/- 0.04 in control myocardium and was unchanged during ischemia (5.95 +/- 0.03), but significantly decreased to 5.82 +/- 0.04 upon reperfusion (P < 0.05). These data show that the decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity of tension associated with stunning occurs during reperfusion, and supports the idea that reperfusion injury is a mechanism of myocardial stunning.
Massage the medium: global theme issue.

The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine is pleased to participate in the third global theme issue, The Impact of New Technologies in Medicine. The theme was selected after a multiple stage Delphi process involving 100 medical journal editors around the world. First, participants were asked to suggest subjects to be addressed in 1999. Editors voted on the proposals, and then again on the top themes. The idea of publishing a global theme issue has been coordinated once again by a group of prominent medical science physician-editors including Richard M. Glass and David H. Mark of JAMA, Michael Wiles and Miriam Shuchman of the Western Journal of Medicine, John Hoey of the Canadian Medical Association Journal, Liselotte Hojgaard of Ugeskrift for Laeger (Journal of the Danish Medical Association), Richard Horton of The Lancet, Magne Nylenna of Tidsskrift for Den norske laegeforening (Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association), John A. Overbeke of Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde (Dutch Journal of Medicine), and Richard Smith of the British Medical Journal. It is fitting that the transition between millenniums for medicine should be accompanied by a focus on both technology and a global theme. The title of this editorial is a homage to Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980), Professor English at the University of Toronto. McLuhan coined the term “global village” [1] and stressed that this century ushered in the end of the age of print and the beginning of the electronic age. The focus of the International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine is to address the complex relationships among the biological, psychological, and social systems in the world of primary care. At first thought, this focus might seem antithetical to the use of technology or the electronic age and to result in a negative view of the impact of technology in medicine. In the early years of the
Toward a Psycho-Structural Theory: Hypnosis and the Structure of Dreams

Abstract The theory of hypnosis inevitably involves some theory of the structure of the mind, both conscious/unconscious or focal/tacit. Any theory of the mind must concern itself with the nature of the mind/brain interaction, a question with philosophical as well as scientific implications. Both hypnosis and dreams illustrate some aspects of this mind/brain interaction so that the study of dreams may illuminate basic aspects of hypnotic phenomena. These possibilities are illustrated by a dramatic case example in which routine hypnotic interventions unexpectedly precipitated in the patient a brief 72-hour paranoid state. The term psycho-structural is suggested for the direction in which hypnotic theory is gradually developing.
First Drink to First Drunk: Age of Onset and Delay to Intoxication Are Associated with Adolescent Alcohol Use and Binge Drinking

BACKGROUND: Quickly progressing from initiating alcohol use to drinking to intoxication recently was identified as a novel risk factor for hazardous drinking in college students (ME Morean et al. [2012] Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 36, 1991-1999). The current study evaluated the risk associated with age of onset (AO) and delay to first intoxication (Delay) in a high school sample. METHODS: Adolescent drinkers (N = 295, age 16.29 [1.14], 55.3% female, 80.3% Caucasian, AO = 13.51 [2.29] years, Delay = 0.80 [1.43] years) completed an anonymous survey about their substance use in February of 2010. Self-report questions assessed AO and age of first intoxication (AI) (i.e., "How old were you the first time you tried alcohol/got drunk?") and past-month alcohol use/binge drinking (i.e., How often did you drink alcohol/drink ≥5 drinks?). RESULTS: Bivariate correlations indicated that AO was positively correlated with AI and inversely correlated with Delay, the frequency of any drinking, and the frequency of binge drinking. When considered alone, Delay was not significantly correlated with either alcohol use outcome. In contrast, hierarchical regression analyses indicated that when considered in concert, an earlier AO and a shorter Delay were each associated with heavier drinking (any drinking adjusted R(2) = 0.08; binge drinking R(2) = 0.06, p-values CONCLUSIONS: When considered simultaneously, both an early AO and a quick progression to drinking to intoxication appear to be important determinants of high school student drinking. In addition to continuing efforts to postpone AO, efforts designed to delay intoxication may modulate alcohol-related risk associated with early drinking. Language: en
"Shotgunning" as an Illicit Drug Smoking Practice

There has been a rise in illicit drug smoking in the United States. "Shotgunning" drugs (or "doing a shotgun") refers to the practice of inhaling smoke and then exhaling it into another individual's mouth, a practice with the potential for the efficient transmission of respiratory pathogens. Three hundred fifty-four drug users (239 from a syringe exchange and 115 from a drug detoxification program) were interviewed about shotgunning and screened for tuberculosis (TB). Fifty-nine (17%; 95% CI 12.9%-20.9%) reported shotgunning while smoking crack cocaine (68%), marijuana (41%), or heroin (2%). In multivariate analysis, age < or = 35 years (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.05-3.9), white race (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.2-4.8), drinking alcohol to intoxication (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1-4.3), having engaged in high-risk sex (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.04-6.7), and crack use (OR 6.0, 95% CI 3.0-12) were independently associated with shotgunning. Shotgunning is a frequent drug smoking practice with the potential to transmit respiratory pathogens, underscoring the need for education of drug users about the risks of specific drug use practices, and the ongoing need for TB control among active drug users.
An interpretation of the failure paths of roughened metal/polymerinterfaces

Roughening of metal surfaces enhances the adhesion strength of metal to polymer by mechanical interlocking and this often produces cohesive failure. In a previous work [1], an adhesion study on a roughened metalpolymer system was carried out, and the correlation between adhesion strength and failure path was investigated. In the present work, the correlation between failure path and microstructure of metal surfaces before molding was studied. The results showed that the variation in failure path could be explained by introducing a simple adhesion model developed from the theory of the fiber reinforcement of composite materials. It is believed that this model can be extended to other similarly roughened metal-polymer systems.
Regional Snowfall Patterns in the High, Arid Andes

Since 1990 the project ‘Climate Change in the Arid Andes’ has been focusing on past climate and environmental conditions in the high mountain range of the north Chilean Andes (18° S28° S). The extreme aridity of this region is shown by the absence of glaciers, even at the highest altitudes above 6700 m a.s.l. More knowledge of the present climatic situation is needed to interpret the proxy data of different paleoarchives in this transition belt between tropical and extratropical circulation.
"Do you understand what you are reading?": Calvin's guidance for the reading of Scripture

One hot day a eunuch of great authority under Candace, Queen of the Ethiopians, was riding home in his chariot. He had just been to the temple in Jerusalem, yet he was not content to have his faith nourished by the priestly exposition of Scripture alone, but was also studiously reading Scripture for himself, specifically the fifty-third chapter of Isaiah. He found enough clarity in the prophet to strengthen his faith; but then he came across a passage that seemed to block his access to the meaning of the prophet, for it spoke of one who in a contradictory way was humiliated beyond all others, and yet exalted above the earth. As he was puzzling over the meaning of this passage, a man appeared and asked him, ‘Do you understand what you are reading?’ The eunuch could have dismissed this question with proud disdain. Instead, he responded with modesty and humility, ‘How can I, unless someone guide me?’ Philip answered the eunuch's most pressing question, ‘Of whom does the prophet speak?’ by pointing him to Jesus Christ. The eunuch responded to Philip's help in interpreting Scripture with such faith that he asked to be baptized then and there, and then returned home with much joy, for he now knew the one true God, and Jesus Christ whom he has sent.
Efficient Atmospheric Simulation for High-Resolution Radar Imaging Applications

Numerical simulation can be used for optimizing radar imaging techniques because it allows the accuracy of various techniques to be studied. A simulation of atmospheric conditions by using scatterers in a 3D volume was proposed by Holdsworth and Reid. For this method, the computational burden increases as the square of the number of scatterers. Hence, the simulation can become time consuming if a large number of scatterers is required in order to simulate atmospheric conditions more realistically. A method based on table lookup and linear interpolation is proposed to replace the existing turbulent wind field generation of Holdsworth and Reid. Moreover, this method has the flexibility of incorporating other turbulent wind field data, either measured or modeled. Pseudocode of the simulation using this method is included, and a comparison of the computational burden for each of the techniques is presented.
Sliding mode control of uncertain input-delay systems

A sliding mode control design is proposed for a class of uncertain input-delay systems based on transformation that converts the original system into a delay-free form. It is shown that asymptotic stability of the transformed system guarantees the asymptotic stability of the original system. The reaching condition and the asymptotic stability are assured through a proper choice of the switching function and the controller parameters. The advantages over state feedback are discussed along with an approach for reducing the problem of chattering.