cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Winter variation in physiological status of cold stored and freshly lifted semi-evergreen Quercus nigra seedlings

• Water oak (Quercus nigra L.) is a tardily deciduous species commonly planted in afforestation projects in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, USA. Field performance is often marked by low survival rates and top dieback, which may be associated with poor physiological quality of planting stock. • We investigated physiological status of cold stored (2–4 ◦ C; CS) and freshly lifted (FL) seedlings during the period between lifting and planting (December – February). In mid-February, seedlings were transplanted into a controlled greenhouse environment for 90 d to evaluate post-transplant growth performance. • Net photosynthetic rates were positive until late January (generally greater in CS seedlings) and became negative thereafter. FL seedlings generally had lower LT50 values from freeze-induced electrolyte leakage (FIEL), reflecting greater cold hardiness. FIEL of foliage provided the best indicator of physiological status, though terminal buds may serve as a suitable substitute. All seedlings experienced top dieback following transplant; CS seedlings had less relative root-collar diameter, height, and root volume increments. • Cold storing seedlings did not appear to prolong dormancy, increase stress resistance, or hold promise as a means to improve outplanting success. Regardless of storage regime, seedlings appeared to be most cold hardy and perhaps stress resistant until late January.
In Vitro Activity of Josamycin and Rosamicin Against Bacteroides fragilis Compared with Clindamycin, Erythromycin, and Metronidazole

The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of josamycin and rosamicin against 29 clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis were compared with those of clindamycin, erythromycin, and metronidazole by a broth dilution technique. Josamycin and rosamicin had similar inhibitory activity to metronidazole and clindamycin. Rosamicin had similar bactericidal activity to clindamycin but was less bactericidal than metronidazole (the most bactericidal agent tested). Josamycin was slightly more bactericidal than erythromycin (the least bactericidal agent tested), but less so than rosamicin and clindamycin.
Challenges in diagnosing chronic constipation and constipation-predominant IBS

The diagnosis of chronic constipation and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) is challenging because of the considerable degree of symptom overlap, the difficulty in eliciting important information about bowel habits during the history, and the limitations of various diagnostic tests used to evaluate constipation. This article explores these challenges and reviews the elements of the diagnostic process, including the history, the physical examination, the diagnostic criteria for constipation, IBS-C, and dyssynergic defecation, and the motility studies used to differentiate slow-transit constipation from dyssynergic defecation. It also includes 2 case studies to illustrate the overall diagnostic process. The first case study is presented in segments that coincide with the main elements of the evaluation; the second case study is presented at the close as a diagnostic summary for clinicians. (Adv Stud Med. 2006;6(2A):S74-S83)
Investigation of delay compensation circuit techniques to reduce timing walk

Two methods are investigated to reduce the timing walk for an integrated ASIC chip to less than 1 ns without requiring an offchip delay line. In each method a delay compensation circuit is used to adjust the position of the timing marker dependent upon the size of the input signal. For signals with identical rise times a large signal will usually generate its timing pulse faster than a small signal. The first circuit is added to a monolithic constant fraction discriminator (CFD). Using one control signal based on the input signal size, an analog delay is used to delay the zero-crossing signal to the comparator for signals above a certain threshold. After analog delay compensation, the timing walk of the CFD is 660 ps or 54% of the value of the CFD without analog compensation for a signal size range of 10. The second circuit is added to a simple leading-edge discriminator. The circuit uses digital delay lines, where the length of the delay is based on the size of the input signal. The timing walk is reduced by 83%, from 4.05 ns (without digital compensation) to 700 ps (with digital compensation) for a signal size range of 8.
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Stimulates Insulin- Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-4 and Its Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in a Clonal Endothelial Cell Line*

Endothelial cells regulate the passage of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) or IGFs complexed to IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) from plasma to the extravascular space, and in addition respond to plasma and tissue IGFs. The IGFBPs are thought to determine the availability and localization of IGFs to tissues, and to inhibit or potentiate their biological activity. Because of the potential importance of the IGF system in endothelial cell pathophysiology, and because IGFBPs modulate IGF action, we have characterized the IGFBPs synthesized by a clonal endothelial cell line (BPE-1) established from bovine parathyroid microvessels. The only IGFBPs identified by ligand blotting in media conditioned by BPE-1 cells were N-glycosylated 28 kilodalton and non-N-glycosylated 24 kilodalton IGFBP-4 species. Both forms were immunoprecipitated by antibodies to human IGFBP-4. Northern blot hybridization of BPE-1 RNA identified messenger RNAs for IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-6, but not for IGFBP-1, 2, 3, or 5. Agents that increase cAMP...
When the basics aren't enough: finding a comprehensive editor

In today's competitive markets, organizations may be tempted to reduce costs by cutting staff or hiring less skilled, and thus less costly, staff. At the same time, and for the same reasons, the need for higher quality in reports and manuals grows. As companies begin to invest in quality, they are finding that "good" is no longer good enough. To achieve excellence, staff must have the right skills. The paper describes how to find technical editors who can make documents more than just good, editors who can think about the content of the message, not just its presentation. >
Frequency of Tail Breakage of the Northern Watersnake, Nerodia sipedon sipedon

I noted the frequency of broken tails of Northern Watersnakes, Nerodia sipedon sipedon , in the Beaver Archipelago of Northeastern Lake Michigan. Overall, 10% (22 of 220) of captured snakes had broken tails. This value is similar to published values for closely related snakes but is smaller than those reported for another Nerodia sipedon sipedon population. Unlike some previously published studies, the frequency of injured tails was not greater for females or lesser for first-year snakes. The mechanism behind the injury frequency observed here and the reason for differences between this and other studies are unknown.
Urological Neurology and Urodynamics: Urodynamics and the Etiology of Post-Prostatectomy Urinary Incontinence: The Initial Columbia Experience

ABSTRACTPost-prostatectomy incontinence is a disabling disorder. Urodynamic studies in 56 patients with post-prostatectomy incontinence were reviewed to determine its etiology. Of the patients 31 had undergone transurethral prostatectomy and 25 radical retropubic prostatectomy. After careful history and neurourological examination, uroflowmetry, post-void residual determination and synchronous multichannel video pressure/flow studies were done. The most common etiology for incontinence was detrusor instability alone, which was present in 34 patients (61%), including 24 (77%) after transurethral resection of the prostate and 10 (40%) after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Stress incontinence alone was present in only 3 patients (5%), including 1 (3%) after transurethral resection of the prostate and 2 (8%) after radical retropubic prostatectomy. Detrusor instability with stress incontinence was present in 19 patients (34%), including 6 (19%) after transurethral resection of the prostate and 13 (52%) after...
Effects of scrubber by-product-stabilized dairy lagoon sludge on growth and physiological responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Brick manufacturing industries are challenged to comply with clean air mandates. Dry air scrubbers have been used to remove acid gases from the exhaust air from brick manufacturing plants. The use of dry air scrubbers results in the production of large quantities of an alkaline powder by-product. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of using dairy lagoon sludge stabilized with the scrubber by-product as a soil amendment. Lagoon sludge was stabilized with scrubber by-product at an application rate of 20 gl(-1). The sludge-scrubber by-product mixture was applied to a sandy loam soil to provide amendments ranging between 28 and 168 kg of plant available nitrogen (PAN)/ha for the growth of Helianthus annuus (sunflower). Use of the sludge-scrubber by-product mixture as a nitrogen fertilizer did not adversely affect sunflower seedling emergence; however, significantly higher (p<0.05) plant volume indices, leaf area, dry shoot and root masses, and seed yields were obtained for mature plants grown in sludge-treated soil relative to the control or fertilizer treatment. The sludge amendment did not severely impact gas exchange or chlorophyll a fluorescence of the plants and nutrient content of the sunflower tissues was generally within a sufficient range. The increased growth and yield of sunflower plants indicated the potential of the sludge-scrubber by-product mixture as a soil amendment in agricultural crop production.
Chicana Transborder Vivencias and Autoherteorías: Reflections From the Field

In this self-reflexive piece, the author shares vivencias (lived realities) of growing up transborderly between the United States and Mexico and invokes that history and experience in the crafting of theories from the field. Her narrative reveals three autoherteorias of transborder existence and research: new tribalism, convivencia (coexistence), and supervivencia (survivance). In the tradition of Anzaldua’s work, the author finds new tribalism suggests a move beyond rigid identities to that of fluid and transborder vivencias and relationships that underscore the interconnection of people, ideas, and places. In the field, she also found that convivencia transcends the objective self—other divide and promotes transborder praxis. That is, research that is committed to the collection and production of knowledge for transformative purposes across physical and symbolic borders. Last, from a very personal space, the author rediscovers her own supervivencia and the significance of a research agenda based on peop...
Oxygen Isotope Fractionation between Minerals and an Estimate of the Temperature of Formation.

Oxygen isotopic compositions of separated minerals from three type A and four type B rocks are very uniform. The δ 18 O values are: plagioclase, 6.20; clinopyroxene, 5.75; ilmenite, 4.45 (parts per thousand relative to Standard Mean Ocean Water). The isotopic distribution corresponds to equilibrium at 1120°C. The isotopic composition of lunar pyroxenes falls within the range for pyroxenes of terrestrial mafic and ultramafic rocks, ordinary chondrites, enstatite chondrites, and enstatite achondrites, but above the range for basaltic achondrites, hypersthene achondrites, and mesosiderites. Glass isolated from the lunar soil has a δ 18 O value of 6.2, significantly richer in 18 O than the crystalline rock fragments in the soil.
A cytosolic complex of p62 and rab6 associates with TGN38/41 and is involved in budding of exocytic vesicles from the trans-Golgi network

TGN38/41, an integral membrane protein predominantly localized to the trans-Golgi network, has been shown to cycle to the plasma membrane and return to the TGN within 30 min. (Ladinsky, M. S., and K. E. Howell. 1992. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 59:92-105). In characterizing the proteins which associate with TGN38/41, a peripheral 62-kD protein, two forms of rab6 and two other small GTP-binding proteins were identified by coimmunoprecipitation. However, approximately 90% of the 62-kD protein is cytosolic and is associated with the same subset of small GTP-binding proteins. Both the membrane and cytoplasmic complexes were characterized by sizing column fractionation and velocity sedimentation. The membrane complex was approximately 250 kD (11.6 S) consisting of the cytosolic complex and a heterodimer of TGN38/41 (160 kD). The cytosolic complex was approximately 86 kD (6.1 S) consisting of p62 and one small GTP-binding protein. Preliminary evidence indicates that phosphorylation of the p62 molecule regulates the dissociation of the cytosolic complex from TGN38/41. Functionally the cytosolic p62 complex must bind to TGN38/41 for the budding of exocytic transport vesicles from the TGN as assayed in a cell-free system (Salamero, J., E. S. Sztul, and K. E. Howell. 1990. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87:7717-7721). Interference with p62, rab6 or TGN38, and TGN41 cytoplasmic domains by immunodepletion or competing peptides completely inhibited the budding of exocytic transport vesicles. These results support an essential role for interaction of the cytosolic p62/rab6 complex with TGN38/41 in budding of exocytic vesicles from the TGN.
Energetic determinants of internal motif recognition by PDZ domains.

PDZ domains are protein−protein interaction modules that organize intracellular signaling complexes. Most PDZ domains recognize specific peptide motifs followed by a required COOH-terminus. However, several PDZ domains have been found which recognize specific internal peptide motifs. The best characterized example is the syntrophin PDZ domain which, in addition to binding peptide ligands with the consensus sequence -E-S/T-X-V-COOH, also binds the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) PDZ domain in a manner that does not depend on its precise COOH-terminal sequence. In the structure of the syntrophin−nNOS PDZ heterodimer complex, the two PDZ domains interact in a head-to-tail fashion, with an internal sequence from the nNOS PDZ domain binding precisely at the peptide binding groove of the syntrophin PDZ domain. To understand the energetic basis of this alternative mode of PDZ recognition, we have undertaken an extensive mutagenic and biophysical analysis of the nNOS PDZ domain and its interaction with the ...
Optimizing optogenetic constructs for control over signaling and cell behaviours

Optogenetic tools have recently been developed that enable dynamic control over the activities of select signaling proteins. They provide the unique ability to rapidly turn signaling events on or off with subcellular control in living cells and organisms. This capability is leading to new insights into how the spatial and temporal coordination of signaling events governs dynamic cell behaviours such as migration and neurite outgrowth. These tools can also be used to dissect a protein's signaling functions at different organelles. Here we review the properties of photoreceptors from diverse organisms that have been leveraged to control signaling in mammalian cells. We emphasize recent engineering approaches that have been used to create optogenetic constructs with optimized spectral, kinetic, and signaling properties for controlling cell behaviours.
A Keystone Ant Species Provides Robust Biological Control of the Coffee Berry Borer Under Varying Pest Densities

Species' functional traits are an important part of the ecological complexity that determines the provisioning of ecosystem services. In biological pest control, predator response to pest density variation is a dynamic trait that impacts the provision of this service in agroecosystems. When pest populations fluctuate, farmers relying on biocontrol services need to know how natural enemies respond to these changes. Here we test the effect of variation in coffee berry borer (CBB) density on the biocontrol efficiency of a keystone ant species (Azteca sericeasur) in a coffee agroecosystem. We performed exclosure experiments to measure the infestation rate of CBB released on coffee branches in the presence and absence of ants at four different CBB density levels. We measured infestation rate as the number of CBB bored into fruits after 24 hours, quantified biocontrol efficiency (BCE) as the proportion of infesting CBB removed by ants, and estimated functional response from ant attack rates, measured as the difference in CBB infestation between branches. Infestation rates of CBB on branches with ants were significantly lower (71%-82%) than on those without ants across all density levels. Additionally, biocontrol efficiency was generally high and did not significantly vary across pest density treatments. Furthermore, ant attack rates increased linearly with increasing CBB density, suggesting a Type I functional response. These results demonstrate that ants can provide robust biological control of CBB, despite variation in pest density, and that the response of predators to pest density variation is an important factor in the provision of biocontrol services. Considering how natural enemies respond to changes in pest densities will allow for more accurate biocontrol predictions and better-informed management of this ecosystem service in agroecosystems.
Substance use in the perinatal period

Perinatal substance use remains a major public health problem and is associated with a number of deleterious maternal and fetal effects. Polysubstance use in pregnancy is common and can potentiate adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Tobacco is the most commonly used substance in pregnancy, followed by alcohol and illicit substances. The treatments for perinatal substance use are limited and consist mostly of behavioral and psychosocial interventions. Of these, contingency management has shown the most efficacy. More recently, novel interventions such as progesterone for postpartum cocaine use have shown promise. The purpose of this review is to examine the recent literature on the use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, stimulants, and opioids in the perinatal period, their effects on maternal and fetal health, and current treatments.
Comparison of Three Whole-Cell Pertussis Vaccines in the Baboon Model of Pertussis

Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. Pertussis rates in the United States have escalated since the 1990s and reached a 50-year high of 48,000 cases in 2012. While this pertussis resurgence is not completely understood, we previously showed that the current acellular pertussis vaccines do not prevent colonization or transmission following challenge. In contrast, a whole-cell pertussis vaccine accelerated the rate of clearance compared to rates in unvaccinated animals and animals treated with the acellular vaccine. In order to understand if these results are generalizable, we used our baboon model to compare immunity from whole-cell vaccines from three different manufacturers that are approved outside the United States. We found that, compared to clearance rates with no vaccine and with an acellular pertussis vaccine, immunization with any of the three whole-cell vaccines significantly accelerated the clearance of B. pertussis following challenge. Whole-cell vaccination also significantly reduced the total nasopharyngeal B. pertussis burden, suggesting that these vaccines reduce the opportunity for pertussis transmission. Meanwhile, there was no difference in either the duration or in B. pertussis burden between unvaccinated and acellular-pertussis-vaccinated animals, while previously infected animals were not colonized following reinfection. We also determined that transcription of the gene encoding interleukin-17 (IL-17) was increased in whole-cell-vaccinated and previously infected animals but not in acellular-pertussis-vaccinated animals following challenge. Together with our previous findings, these data are consistent with a role for Th17 responses in the clearance of B. pertussis infection.
The Convolutional Model of the Seismic Process

Elementary considerations of the seismic process are based upon a layered earth, in which at each interface between layers, a reflection is produced the size and polarity of which depends upon the ratio of the acoustic impedance in the layer below to that in the layer above. It was not until the invention of the continuous velocity logging tool by Summers and Broding (1952) that geophysicists were provided for the first time with a detailed measurement of the earth’s properties that is directly related to seismic exploration. The continuous velocity logs show that the earth’s velocity field is continuous, or at most piece-wise continuous, and dispel the popular myth that the most significant seismic reflections come from discontinuities in the earth. Instead, the most significant seismic reflections result from layering that is “tuned” to the seismic pulse.
Proteomic profiling of maize opaque endosperm mutants reveals selective accumulation of lysine-enriched proteins

Reduced prolamin (zein) accumulation and defective endoplasmic reticulum (ER) body formation occurs in maize opaque endosperm mutants opaque2 (o2), floury2 (fl2), defective endosperm*B30 (DeB30), and Mucronate (Mc), whereas other opaque mutants such as opaque1 (o1) and floury1 (fl1) are normal in these regards. This suggests that other factors contribute to kernel texture. A liquid chromatography approach coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomics was used to compare non-zein proteins of nearly isogenic opaque endosperm mutants. In total, 2762 proteins were identified that were enriched for biological processes such as protein transport and folding, amino acid biosynthesis, and proteolysis. Principal component analysis and pathway enrichment suggested that the mutants partitioned into three groups: (i) Mc, DeB30, fl2 and o2; (ii) o1; and (iii) fl1. Indicator species analysis revealed mutant-specific proteins, and highlighted ER secretory pathway components that were enriched in selected groups of mutants. The most significantly changed proteins were related to stress or defense and zein partitioning into the soluble fraction for Mc, DeB30, o1, and fl1 specifically. In silico dissection of the most significantly changed proteins revealed novel qualitative changes in lysine abundance contributing to the overall lysine increase and the nutritional rebalancing of the o2 and fl2 endosperm.
MURINE MOTOR NEURON DISEASE (THE WOBBLER MOUSE)DEGENERATION AND REGENERATION OF THE LOWER MOTOR NEURON

The study of the temporospatial pattern of lower motor neuronal degeneration in the wr/wr mouse demonstrated that the pathological changes started in the neuronal perikaryon in the spinal cord. Thus the wr/wr mouse suffers from a primary motor neuronopathy. Axonal pathology predominated at the level of the ventral root and suggested a focal proximal axonopathy. Microtubular segregation, neurofilamentous accumulation in the axon, and axonal or adaxonal vacuoles appeared to be closely related to subsequent axonal degeneration. Large myelinated fibres in the cervical ventral roots progressively degenerated and diminished in number with age. On the other hand, significant axonal regeneration coincided with the axonal degeneration in the cervical ventral roots. A dying-back type of degeneration and axonal atrophy were not present. This study demonstrated that a primary disease of the perikaryon may express itself as a focal proximal axonopathy characterized by axonal degeneration and attempted axonal regeneration.
Sequential Domain Realignment Driven by Conformational Asymmetry in Block Copolymer Thin Films

In this contribution, we use dissipative particle dynamics simulations to investigate the orientations of lamella-forming copolymers with two blocks of equal molecular weight confined in thin films. We employ neutral and symmetric interactions between the copolymer blocks and the walls, a situation for which contradicting observations have been made in experiments and previous theoretical studies. Our model takes into account a realistic degree of conformational asymmetry between the blocks, which stems from unequal Kuhn lengths of the constituent monomers. We perform a thorough scaling analysis to exclude finite size effects, and find, in agreement with experiments, a remarkable cascade of morphological transitions from parallel to perpendicular orientations when the film height is varied. We demonstrate that the emergence of a stable parallel configuration stems from entropic effects due to the conformational asymmetry and the confinement of the system.
HETEROGENEITIES, SLAVE-PRINCES, AND MARSHALL PLANS: SCHMITT'S RECEPTION IN HEGEL'S FRANCE

This essay examines the French reception of the Carl Schmitt's thought, specifically its Hegelian strand. Beginning with the early readings of Schmitt's thought by Alexandre Kojeve and Georges Bataille during the mid-1930s, it attends to the partial adoption of Schmitt's friend/enemy distinction and his theories of sovereignty and neutralization in Kojeve and Bataille's Hegelian writings, as well as to their critical responses. The essay then turns to examine the reading of Kojeve by the Jesuit Hegelian resistant Gaston Fessard during the war, a reading specifically intended to delegitimate Vichy as a “slave-prince,” resistance to whom would be legitimate. The final section returns to Bataille and his 1948 book The Accursed Share in order to propose that his Maussian understanding of the Marshall Plan suggested an overcoming of the friend/enemy distinction, a suggestion that was later made explicit in a 1957 talk by Kojeve at Dusseldorf before Schmitt and a group of his supporters. At stake throughout are both the thoroughly critical reception of Schmitt, the particular political inflection of Hegel carried out by and in Kojeve's reading, and certain methodological links between conceptual history and the reception history.
Learning the Value of Rights: Abortion Politics and the Liberalization of Evangelical Free Speech Advocacy

For the past century, the expansion of free speech rights has been the domain of liberals. Recently, however, conservatives have become advocates for expanded free speech rights. For Evangelicals Protestants, this advocacy would have been highly controversial only a generation ago, offending the base's ordered liberty sentiments. I suggest that abortion politics is a primary contributor to the evangelical free speech advocacy shift. Using a variety of data, I detail the evangelical shift toward expanded free speech by exploring the topics of radical protest, campaign finance, and obscenity. While rank-and-file evangelicals are less supportive of free speech than the general-public, elites have routinely used abortion politics to frame the shift toward individual free speech rights. Elites have diverged from their constituents to support a higher-priority issue (abortion), and the constituents have been supportive. Abortion politics has come to dominate evangelical advocacy decisions and has cultivated an evangelical rights culture.
Seasonal Life History of European Red Mite on Concord Grapes in Erie County, Pennsylvania 1

The life history of Panonychus ulmi (Koch) was studied on Concord grapes in Erie County, PA, in 1977. Overwintering eggs began hatching in early May. Adults of this spring generation appeared by late May with eggs of the 1st summer generation appearing soon thereafter. Five complete generations followed on the foliage with a final 6th summer generation migrating to the grape canes to deposit winter eggs. Winter egg deposition began with the 4th summer generation in late August and increased through the 5th and 6th summer generations. The population of mites reached a peak on the foliage in the 3rd week of August. Generation time ranged from 18 to 26 days.
Mesoscale Thin Film Actuator for Promoting Fluid Motion in Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Channels

Microfluidic and nanofluidic devices often require actuators to induce fluid motion for applications such as pumping and mixing in small channels. Mixing, for instance, is important in systems where channel or chamber dimensions are on the order of 100 μm or larger as diffusive mixing can be prohibitively slow at these dimensions. In this work, a new mesoscale thin film polymer electromechanical actuator is introduced for use in the aforementioned applications. Unlike inorganic piezoelectric actuators, the devices based on these materials will be relatively easy to fabricate involving no high temperature processing, crystal growth, or microlithography. Fabrication of an array of actuators is simply achieved by spin casting the polymer over top of lithographically patterned gold electrodes at a thickness of less than 50 nm. This simple process enables a microfluidic device based on these actuators to be an integral part of a microfluidic channel rather than a separate unit operation. Depending on the application, the actuator array can be designed and controlled for random perturbations of the fluid flow field as required for mixing or for systematic actuation as required for pumping. These thin-film mesoscale actuators have been characterized and show extremely favorable properties such as a high electrostrictive response (compared to none in the bulk) and a frequency response of up to 50 kHz. In addition, finite element simulations show feasibility of these actuators for use in microfluidic mixing applications.
The Impact of Raw-Material Scarcity on Ground-Stone Manufacture and Use: An Example from the Phoenix Basin Hohokam

Current models of ground-stone design, which relate tool morphology and size to subsistence economies, are based on assumptions of energy efficiency and processing constraints of the foodstuffs being ground. These models do not consider the impact of raw-material scarcity on ground-stone technologies. This impact is investigated here using an assemblage from the Classic-period Hohokam site of Pueblo Grande, Arizona. The current model of ground-stone design is modified to account for raw-material scarcity. Specifically, it is demonstrated that raw-material scarcity affects ground-stone manufacture, use, and discard patterns. It is argued here that studies using ground-stone assemblages to reconstruct subsistence economies must take these factors into consideration in areas where raw-material scarcity occurs.
Privacy Preserving IR 2015: A SIGIR 2015 Workshop

Information retrieval and information privacy/security are two fast-growing computer science disciplines. There are many synergies and connections between these two disciplines. However, there have been very limited efforts to connect the two. Due to lack of mature techniques in privacypreserving IR, concerns about privacy and security have become serious obstacles that prevent valuable user data from being used in IR research, for example, query logs, social media, tweets, sessions, and medical record retrieval. This privacy-preserving IR workshop aims to spur research that brings together the research fields of IR and privacy/security, and mitigate privacy threats in information retrieval by constructing novel algorithms and tools. The schedule of the workshop, papers, presentations, and more can be found on the workshop website at http://privacypreservingir.org/.
Advance Liquid Metal Reactor Discrete Dynamic Event Tree/Bayesian Network Analysis and Incident Management Guidelines (Risk Management for Sodium Fast Reactors)

Accident management is an important component to maintaining risk at acceptable levels for all complex systems, such as nuclear power plants. With the introduction of self-correcting, or inherently safe, reactor designs the focus has shifted from management by operators to allowing the system's design to manage the accident. Inherently and passively safe designs are laudable, but nonetheless extreme boundary conditions can interfere with the design attributes which facilitate inherent safety, thus resulting in unanticipated and undesirable end states. This report examines an inherently safe and small sodium fast reactor experiencing a beyond design basis seismic event with the intend of exploring two issues : (1) can human intervention either improve or worsen the potential end states and (2) can a Bayesian Network be constructed to infer the state of the reactor to inform (1). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Energy for funding this research through Work Package SR-14SN100303 under the Advanced Reactor Concepts program. The authors also acknowledge the PRA teams at Argonne National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and Idaho National Laboratory for their continue d contributions to the advanced reactor PRA mission area.
Fault Analysis on Main Transformer Primary Side Arrester in 500 kV Substation

Arrester fault conditions in the Liaoning grid are analyzed in this paper,pointing out that the fault is due to the lower flange of the arrester without ventilation outlet.The internal water can not be removed,resulting the corrosion of lower flange sealing cover plate and the explosion-proof plate.When explosion-proof plate immersed in water for a long time,arrester internal resistance and insulating support rod become damp,which causes fault of the arrester.So improvement measures are proposed.
The Motion Characteristics in Large Azimuth of the Pendulous Gyroscope North-seeker Analyzing

The motion equation of the pendulous gyroscope north-seeker is set up based on the Euler method,and which is partially linearized according with the structure characteristics of the pendulous gyroscope north-seeker,and then the nonlinear differential equations of order 2 to reflect the anomaly precession of the pendulous gyroscope north-seeker in large azimuth is found.The above differential equations are qualitatively analyzed based on the Lyapunove stability theory,and the stability position of the pendulous gyroscope north-seeker in large azimuth is found.The analyzing result shows that the real north is the only stability position of the pendulous gyroscope north-seeker.
Do we neglect child neglect

Child neglect is a condition in which a major need of the child is not met, regardless of the cause or who is responsible for the condition. Multiple interacting factors at the individual (child and parent), familial, community, and societal levels contribute to child neglect. In typical neglect cases, a caretaker, either deliberately or through extraordinary inattentiveness, permits the child to experience avoidable suffering and/or fails to provide one or more of the components generally deemed essential for developing the child's physical, intellectual, and emotional capacities. Neglect varies in type, severity and chronicity. Both actual and potential harm should be weighed by a physician in considering reporting to child protective services. Outcome data on intervention are lacking, therefore proper intervention should be individualized and the results carefully monitored.
Optical Coating Uniformity of 200 mm (8”) Diameter Precut Wafers

Knowledge of the spatial optical coating uniformity of pre-diced 200 mm wafers is helpful to control product quality and yield. Spectroscopic profiles collected using an automated absolute reflection spectrophotometer are presented.
The Ethics of Intervention: US Writers and the Mexican Revolution

During the Mexican Revolution (1910–20), stories of dangerous bandits, rebels, dictators, and Indians defined Mexico for US audiences. Most scholars assume that these narratives reinforce the conventional rhetoric of Latin savagery that justifies US imperialism, but this essay reveals an array of writers who told such stories to undermine state power and contest military intervention. Three of the era's best-known leftist journalists, John Kenneth Turner, John Reed, and Katherine Anne Porter, craft a discourse of activism to help the US public imagine themselves as participants in a new hemispheric democracy. These writers posit moral bonds between the US and Mexico that exceed the expansionist interests of politicians and industrialists. Their vision was embodied in the trope of the foreign correspondent, an American who could physically enter Mexican territory, witness the crimes and heroisms of the revolution, and relay the voices of the Mexicans whose lives were at stake in the conflict. Turner, Reed, and Porter hope that journalists can inspire democratic fraternity between the US and Mexican peoples. They also set the terms and conventions utilized by radical humanitarian journalists for decades to come.
Shenandoah: An open-source concurrent compacting garbage collector for OpenJDK

Shenandoah is an open-source region-based low-pause parallel and concurrent garbage collection (GC) algorithm targeting large heap applications. Snapshot At the Beginning Concurrent Marking and Brooks-style indirection pointer concurrent compaction enable significantly shorter GC pauses with durations that are independent of the application's live data size. Our implementation of Shenandoah in OpenJDK allows us to do comparison testing with mature production quality GC algorithms.Modern machines have more memory and more processors than ever before. Service Level Agreement (SLA) applications guarantee response times of 10-500ms. In order to meet the lower end of that goal we need garbage collection algorithms which are efficient enough to allow programs to run in the available memory, but also optimized to never interrupt the running program for more than a handful of milliseconds. Shenandoah is an open-source low-pause time collector for OpenJDK designed to move closer to those goals.
Pathogens: Wanted—Dead or Alive

Antimicrobial agents are part of the standard way for treating severe microbial infections. Dosing, routes of administration, and innovative combinations of antibiotics are key to their therapeutic success. However, shortcomings in the appropriate use of antibiotics in combination with extensive microbial adaptability lead to suboptimal treatments and the emergence of antibiotic resistance among common microbial pathogens infecting humans.
Incomplete Information in Repeated Coordination Games

Asymmetric information can help achieve an efficient equilibrium in repeated coordination games. If there is a small probability that one player can play only one of a continuum of moves, that player can pretend to be of the constrained type and other players will coordinate with him. This hurts efficiency in the repeated battle of the sexes, however, by knocking out the pure-strategy equilibria.
Global burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis

1004 www.thelancet.com/infection Vol 16 September 2016 3 Burattini MN, Coutinho FAB, Lopez LF, et al. Potential exposure to Zika virus for foreign tourists during the 2016 Carnival and Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144: 1904–06. 4 Massad E, Coutinho FAB, Wilder-Smith A. Is Zika a substantial risk for visitors to the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games? Lancet 2016; 388: 25. 5 Grills A, Morrison S, Nelson B, Miniota J, Watts A, Cetron MS. Projected Zika virus importation and subsequent ongoing transmission after travel to the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic games—country-specifi c assessment, July 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep; published online July 13, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/ mmwr.mm6528e1 (accessed July 14, 2016). 4 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Potential risks to public health related to communicable diseases at the Olympics and Paralympics Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2016. Stockholm, 2016. http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/ Publications/Risk-assessment-mass%20 gathering-Rio-2016-10May2016.pdf (accessed June 20, 2016). 5 Uyeki TM, Zane SB, Bodnar UR, et al. Large summertime infl uenza A outbreak among tourists in Alaska and the Yukon Territory. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36: 1095–102.
Argumentação, capacidade civil e discernimento : a interpretação possível após o estatuto da pessoa com deficiência

Este trabajo discute el concepto de autonomia en conflictos legales complejos, como se ha visto en la definicion de la capacidad civil por la reciente promulgacion de la Ley n° 13.146 /15. Debate el establecimiento de limites a priori al ejercicio de libertades y de como debe justificarse por serias razones la restricion a cualquier libertad, mientras si expande la autonomia como un principio a la construccion de la moral en la sociedad contemporânea. Propuesta de discusion acerca de la supresion de los paragrafos del articulo 3o del Codigo Civil brasileno.
Microbes Facilitate Mineral Deposition in Bioelectrochemical Systems

Hydrothermal chimneys are striking, characteristic features of marine hydrothermal vents. These chimneys are dynamic environments occupied by a diversity of microbes whose distribution is typically concordant with mineralogy and temperature. Recent studies indicate that these chimney assemblages are conductive and present the possibility that microbial extracellular electron transfer may occur through these minerals, linking spatially separated electron donors and acceptors. Here we explore the relationships among biology, mineralogy, and electric potential in hydrothermal systems using crushed hydrothermal chimney as inoculum in high (75 °C) and low (30 °C) temperature bioelectrical systems. All experiments with live microbial communities incubated in the presence of a poised electrode resulted in enhanced mineral deposition relative to (A) a live, open circuit (not poised) electrode, or (B) dead microbial communities in the presence of a poised electrode. Microbial abundance increased in both high- and ...
INTEGRATION OF TRANSPOSABLE DNA ELEMENTS: ANALYSIS BY DNA SEQUENCING

ABSTRACT Recent DNA sequence analyses that have lead to some insights into recombinational events involving transposable DNA elements are reviewed here. They show that, with the exception of phage Mu, all elements examined, even the simplest insertion sequences (IS) have terminal sequences which are inverted repeats (sometimes imperfect) of each other. Integrations and deletions are absolutely site specific for the element involving the same (terminal) nucleotide at each end. Transposition of an element to a new site results in duplication of a short (generally a 5 or 9 base) sequence that pre-existed at the integration site: one copy of this sequence occurs at each end of the inserted element. The second copy of this DNA segment is not carried in by the transposing element, but rather is apparently copied from the sequence at the integration site during the insertion event. Models to explain these results are summarized. The sequencing studies also show that several elements are either related or contain common recognition sites close to their ends.
On recent advances in synthetic biology to enable programming bacteria for biosensing applications

The genetic engineering of microbial organisms offers benefits to society through biotechnology applications. Traditionally, the “engineering” of microbes to arrive at organisms with desired behavior has not been engineering in a strict sense. It has, rather, required months (more often years) of trial-and-error type of experiments, with the undertaking being more akin to art than engineering. Enter synthetic biology, a burgeoning area since the turn of the century that aims to put the engineering into genetic engineering. Here, we provide a short commentary on some advancements in this field. By relating these advances to recent progress in our understanding of extracellular electron transfer in bacteria, we also provide a perspective on synthetic biology having the potential to enable the programming of bacteria for electronics engineering-related applications such as biosensors.
Will oncotype DX DCIS testing guide therapy? A single-institution correlation of oncotype DX DCIS results with histopathologic findings and clinical management decisions

Given the increased detection rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and the limited overall survival benefit from adjuvant breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery, there is interest in identifying subsets of patients who have low rates of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence such that they might safely forgo radiation. The Oncotype DCIS score is a reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR)-based assay that was validated to predict which DCIS cases are most likely to recur. Clinically, these results may be used to assist in selecting which patients with DCIS might safely forgo radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery; however, little is currently published on how this test is being used in practice. Our study examines traditional histopathologic features used in predicting DCIS risk with Oncotype DCIS results and how these results affect clinical decision-making at our academic institution. Histopathologic features and management decisions for 37 cases with Oncotype DCIS results over the past 4 years were collected. Necrosis, high nuclear grade, biopsy site change, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positivity <90% on immunohistochemistry, and Van Nuys Prognostic Index score of 8 or greater were significant predictors of an intermediate–high recurrence score on multivariate regression analysis (P<0.02). Low Oncotype DCIS scores and low nuclear grade were associated with lower rate of radiation therapy (P<0.008). There were seven cases (19%) with Oncotype DCIS results that we considered unexpected in relation to the histopathologic findings (ie, high nuclear grade with comedonecrosis and a low Oncotype score, or hormone receptor discrepancies). Overall, pathologic features correlate with Oncotype DCIS scores but unexpected results do occur, making individual recommendations sometimes challenging.
Post-9/11 drug- and alcohol- related hospitalizations among World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees, 2003-2010.

Abstract Objective To describe patterns of drug- and alcohol-related hospitalizations among persons exposed to the 2001 World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attacks and to assess whether 9/11-related exposures or post-9/11 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were associated with increased odds of hospitalization. Methods Data for adult enrollees in the WTC Health Registry, a prospective cohort study, were linked to New York State (NYS) administrative hospitalization data to identify alcohol- and drug-related hospitalizations from enrollment to December 31, 2010. Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between substance use-related hospitalization, 9/11-related exposure and PTSD. Results Of 41,176 NYS resident enrollees, we identified 626 (1.5%) who had at least one alcohol- or drug-related hospitalization; 53.4% (n = 591) of these hospitalizations were for alcohol only diagnoses and 46.6% (n = 515) were drug-related. Witnessing ≥3 traumatic events on 9/11 was significantly associated with having a drug-related hospitalization (AOR 1.4, 95% CI = [1.1, 1.9]). PTSD was significantly associated with both having a drug-related hospitalization as well as an alcohol only-related hospitalization. (AOR 2.6, 95% CI = [2.0, 3.3], AOR 1.8, 95% CI = [1.4, 2.3], respectively). Conclusions Witnessing traumatic events and having PTSD were independently associated with substance use-related hospitalizations. Targeting people who witnessed traumatic events on 9/11 and/or who have PTSD for substance use- treatment could reduce alcohol and drug-related hospitalizations connected to 9/11.