cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Induction of cytochrome P‐450‐dependent drug metabolism by juvenile hormone mimics in mammalian cell culture

The monooxygenase activity of fetal hepatocytes in culture shows a differential response toward juvenile hormone I and analogs. Juvenile hormone I, R-20458, and Methoprene increase the deethyiation of 7-ethoxyresorufin while not affecting or even inhibiting the N-demethylation of p-chloro-N-methylaniline. RO-203600, a 1,3-benzodioxole-containing analog, increases both the deethylase and the N-demethylase, whereas Hydroprene does not affect either activity. The inductive effect with juvenile hormone I is obtained with exposure periods of at least 30 min and is maximum when the concentration of the hormone is 14 μM in the medium. This amount results in the covalent binding to cellular macromolecules of 1.3 × 19−18 moles/cell. The induction requires continuous protein synthesis but RNA synthesis only for a short initial period. It is concluded that juvenile hormone and mimics induce specific cytochrome P-450 species in fetal liver cells even if the culture conditions are not optimal. The toxicological implications of these results are briefly discussed.
Victor Frankenstein's Institutional Review Board Proposal, 1790

To show how the case of Mary Shelley’s Victor Frankenstein brings light to the ethical and moral issues raised in Institutional Review Board (IRB) protocols, we nest an imaginary IRB proposal dated August 1790 by Victor Frankenstein within a discussion of the importance and function of the IRB. Considering the world of science as would have appeared in 1790 when Victor was a student at Ingolstadt, we offer a schematic overview of a fecund moment when advances in comparative anatomy, medical experimentation and theories of life involving animalcules and animal electricity sparked intensive debates about the basic principles of life and the relationship between body and soul. Constructing an IRB application based upon myriad speculations circulating up to 1790, we imagine how Victor would have drawn upon his contemporaries’ scientific work to justify the feasibility of his project, as well as how he might have outlined the ethical implications of his plan to animate life from “dead” tissues. In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, Victor failed to consider his creature’s autonomy, vulnerability, and welfare. In this IRB proposal, we show Victor facing those issues of justice and emphasize how the novel can be an important component in courses or workshops on research ethics. Had Victor Frankenstein had to submit an IRB proposal tragedy may have been averted, for he would have been compelled to consider the consequences of his experiment and acknowledge, if not fulfill, his concomitant responsibilities to the creature that he abandoned and left to fend for itself.
Differentiation of Isomers Resulting from Bisaddition to C60 Using 3He NMR Spectrometry

{sup 3}He NMR spectrometry has been used to examine bisaddition to C{sub 60} containing an encapsulated {sup 3}He atom ({sup 3}He@C{sub 60}) using three types of reactions: (1) cyclopropanation with diethyl bromomalonate and base to give dicarbethoxymethanofullerenes (Bingel-Hirsch reaction), (b) addition of azomethine ylides to give N-methyl-fulleropyrrolidines (Prato-Wudl reaction), and (c) reduction to give C{sub 60}H{sub 4}. {sup 3}He NMR spectra of crude reaction mixtures in all three series showed well-separated resonances for each of the bisadducts, spread out over more than 2 ppm. The major isomeric bisadducts from the first two reactions were separated and characterized, and the {sup 3}He NMR spectra of the individual major bisadducts from {sup 3}He@C{sub 60} were obtained (five isomers from reaction 1, four isomers from reaction 2). Although the absolute chemical shifts in the two series of bisadducts differ, the relative chemical shifts are significantly but not perfectly correlated. The very large differences in the {sup 3}He NMR chemical shifts of the isomeric bisadducts in all three reactions demonstrate that the magnetic field felt by the {sup 3}He atom due to the ring currents in the residual {pi}-system is extremely sensitive to the pattern of ligation on the C{sub 60} surface. These resultsmore » provide further support for the assertion that {sup 3}He NMR is very sensitive probe of patterns of chemical addition to fullerenes. 21 refs., 4 figs.« less
A Simple Enantioselective Route to Functionalized Indolizidines: Synthesis of (+)-Ipalbidine and (+)-Antofine

An efficient route to functionalized indolizidines from an enantiomerically enriched γ-nitro ketone is described. The nitro ketone is obtained by an organocatalytic, enantioselective ketone-nitro alkene Michael addition. Oxidative ring expansion of the nitro ketone and subsequent methanolysis provides a 8-nitro-4-oxooctanoate. This is stereoselectively transformed to the key, functionalized indolizidine intermediate which is readily converted to (+)-ipalbidine and (+)-antofine.
Cannabinoids: Their Role in Pain and Palliation

Controversy is associated with the issue of cannabis and cannabinoids in clinical care in the United States. Recent research has demonstrated the underlying mechanisms of cannabinoid analgesia via endocannabinoids, an endogenous system of retrograde neuromodulatory messengers that work in tandem with endogenous opioids. Additional receptor and non-receptor mechanisms of cannabinoid drugs have pertinent activity, including anti-carcinogenesis and neuroprotection, that may be of key importance in aging and terminal patient populations. The results of clinical trials with synthetic and plant-based cannabinoids suggest that the role of formulation and delivery system is critical in optimizing the risk-benefit profile of cannabinoid products. Synergy between opioids and cannabinoids may produce opioid-sparing effects, as well as extend the duration of analgesia and reduce opioid tolerance and dependence. This article reviews the mechanism of action of cannabinoids, examines marketed agents and those in clinical trials, and addresses their role in treatment of chronic pain, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and HIV/ AIDS. The ability of cannabinoid medicines to treat pain, associated sleep disorders, appetite loss, muscle spasm and a wide variety of other symptoms suggests that such agents may in the future play an important role in palliative care.
A Social‐Psychological Analysis of Physician‐Patient Rapport: Toward a Science of the Art of Medicine

The interpersonal relationship between physician and patient involves a highly charged affective component. As a result, patients' satisfaction with medical care, their compliance with treatment regimens, and the outcome of treatment tend to be substantially related to their physicians' ability to satisfy their socio-emotional needs in the health care encounter. This critical aspect of health care is termed “rapport.” While it is not yet clear exactly how rapport with patients can be achieved, evidence reviewed here suggests that a physician's ability to establish rapport with patients is at least partially dependent upon his or her communication skills, especially the ability to decode and encode nonverbal messages of affect. Implications for teaching physicians the elements of empathic communication are discussed.
Computer graphics for quality control in the INAA of geological samples

A data reduction system for the routine instrumental activation analysis of samples is described, with particular emphasis on interactive graphics capabilities for evaluating analytical quality. Graphics procedures have been developed to interactively control the analysis of selected photopeaks during spectral analysis, and to evaluate detector performance during a given counting cycle. Graphics algorithms are also used to compare the data on reference samples with accepted values, to prepare quality control charts to evaluate long term precision and to search for systematic variations in data on reference samples as a function of time.
Effect of Free-Stream Turbulence, Reynolds Number, and Incidence on Axial Turbine Cascade Performance

A large-scale, low-speed, axial turbine cascade designed for high-loading and high-turning was tested over a range of Reynolds number, turbulence level, and incidence angle. End wall suction was applied to provide two-dimensional flow over a large spanwise region of the airfoil. In all, thirty-six test conditions were examined.Overall cascade performance including mass-averaged loss coefficients at each test flow condition was determined from detailed five-hole pressure probe traverses in an exit plane of the cascade. In addition, using glue-on hot-film gages and surface oil-flow visualizations, transition and/or separation was identified over the suction surface of the airfoil. The measured transition start and end points were compared against predictions using existing transition models. Also, the measured losses were compared against predicted losses from boundary layer calculations based on finite difference analysis.Copyright © 1988 by ASME
Antiserum to polyacrylamide gel-purified simian virus 40 T antigen

Abstract Antisera used previously to assay SV40 T antigen have been produced in tumor-bearing hamsters. This report describes the production and characterization of antiserum produced by injection of rabbits with denatured large-T antigen (Ag) purified by immunoprecipitation and electrophoresis. The resulting antiserum reacts with native large-T Ag as determined by indirect immunofluorescence, complement fixation, and indirect immunoprecipitation assays and binds to species such as “small-T Ag” and previously described proteolytic fragments of large-T Ag.
In vivo PHYTOCHROME-MEDIATED PERCEPTION OF REFLECTED LIGHT SIGNALS

— The spectrophotometric assay of phytochrome in vivo in etiolated plant material was used to determine the effects of changes in reflected light on the state of the photoreceptor in etiolated seedlings exposed simultaneously to direct and reflected light. Changes in reflected light that were small in terms of the total (direct + reflected) radiation incident on the seedlings produced detectable changes in the state of phytochrome in vivo. The contribution of reflected light to the state of phytochrome in vertical organs was greater than expected from its low contribution to total incident light. These data from laboratory studies complement and are consistent with results of field studies on the effects of light reflected from neighboring vegetation on plant growth under natural radiation conditions.
Electrocardiographic changes with coronary artery spasm

The presence or absence of important ECG changes (e.g., ST elevation or depression greater than or equal to 1 mm) was evaluated in 79 consecutive patients with coronary artery spasm. In eight of these patients ECG changes usually did not accompany episodes of rest angina. Evaluation before, during, and after cardiac catheterization included multiple ECGs and ambulatory monitoring during angina. Our observations suggest that the ECG may not always be a sensitive indicator of coronary spasm. Thus the diagnosis of transient myocardial ischemia secondary to coronary spasm should not necessarily be excluded because of a lack of ECG changes during rest angina.
Interest rates and insurance price cycles

Abstract Property liability insurance prices and profits appear to move in a six year cycle. The common explanation for the cycle amongst many industry analysts is that the insurance market is inherently unstable and that prices fail to converge on clearing levels. Our explanation is different. We identify spot equilibrium prices using the Capital Asset Pricing Model. But informational, regulatory and contractual lags preclude instantaneous adjustment. We therefore model the temporal movement of prices using a partial adjustment model in which actors form rational expectations. The actual movement of insurance prices does seem to track closely those estimated by the partial adjustment model. The cycle may be better viewed as a series of converging responses to changing spot prices.
Oxidative dimer formation is the critical rate-limiting step for Parkinson's disease alpha-synuclein fibrillogenesis.

Intraneuronal deposition of α-synuclein as fibrils and oxidative stress are both implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. We found that the critical rate-limiting step in nucleation of α-synuclein fibrils under physiological conditions is the oxidative formation and accumulation of a dimeric, dityrosine cross-linked prenucleus. Dimer formation is accelerated for the pathogenic A30P and A53T mutant α-synucleins, because of their greater propensity to self-interact, which is reflected in the smaller values of the osmotic second virial coefficient compared to that of wild-type synuclein. Our finding that oxidation is an essential step in α-synuclein aggregation supports a mechanism of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis in which the separately studied pathogenic factors of oxidative stress and α-synuclein aggregation converge at the critical step of α-synuclein dimer formation.
Assessment of regional myocardial oxygenation changes in the presence of coronary artery stenosis with balanced SSFP imaging at 3.0T: Theory and experimental evaluation in canines

Purpose To examine the dependence of steady-state free-precession (SSFP) -based myocardial blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast on field strength using theoretical and experimental models. Materials and Methods Numerical simulations using a two-pool exchange model and a surgically prepared dog model were used to assess the SSFP-based myocardial BOLD signal changes at 1.5T and 3.0T. Experimental studies were performed in eight canines with pharmacological vasodilation under various levels of left circumflex coronary artery stenosis. Experimentally obtained BOLD signal changes were correlated against microsphere-based true flow changes. Results Theoretical results showed that, at 3.0T, relative to 1.5T, a threefold increase in oxygen sensitivity can be expected. Experimental studies in canines showed near similar results—a 2.5 ± 0.2-fold increase in BOLD sensitivity at 3.0T relative to 1.5T (P < 0.05). Based on the scatter gram of BOLD data and microsphere data, it was found that the minimum regional flow difference that can be detected with SSFP-based myocardial BOLD imaging at 1.5T and 3.0T were 2.9 and 1.6, respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that SSFP-based myocardial BOLD sensitivity is substantially greater at 3.0T compared with 1.5T. The findings here suggest that SSFP-based myocardial BOLD imaging at 3.0T may have the necessary sensitivity to detect the clinically required minimum flow difference of 2.0. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:1037–1045. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A study of the K + -site mutant of ascorbate peroxidase: mutations of protein residues on the proximal side of the heme cause changes in iron ligation on the distal side

A series of ferric and ferrous derivatives of wild-type ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and of an engineered K+-site mutant of APX that has had its potassium cation binding site removed have been examined by electronic absorption and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy at 4 °C. Wild-type ferric APX has spectroscopic properties that are very similar to those of ferric cytochrome c peroxidase (CCP) and likely exists primarily as a five-coordinate high-spin heme ligated on the proximal side by a histidine at pH 7. There is also evidence for minority contributions from six-coordinate high- and low-spin species (histidine-water, histidine-hydroxide, and bis-histidine). The K+-site mutant of APX varies considerably in the electronic absorption and MCD spectra in both the ferric and ferrous states when compared with spectra of the wild-type APX. The electronic absorption and MCD spectra of the engineered K+-site APX mutant are essentially identical to those of cytochrome b5, a known bis-imidazole (histidine) ligated heme system. It therefore appears that the K+-site mutant of APX has undergone a conformational change to yield a bis-histidine coordination structure in both the ferric and ferrous oxidation states at neutral pH. This conformational change is the result of mutagenesis of the protein to remove the K+-binding site which is located ∼8 A from the peroxide binding pocket. Thus, mutations of protein residues on the proximal side of the heme cause changes in iron ligation on the distal side.
Reforming Graduate Medical Education

Because of the traditional subordination of education to service, graduate medical education (GME) in the United States has never realized its full educational potential. This article suggests 4 strategies for reasserting the primacy of education in GME: limit the number of patients house officers manage at one time, relieve the resident staff of noneducational chores, improve educational content, and ease emotional stresses. Achieving these goals will require regulatory reform, adequate funding, and institutional competency in the use of educational resources. Modern medicine grows ever more complex. The need to address the deficiencies of GME is urgent.
Derepressible proteolytic activity in homokaryotic hyphae ofSchizophyllum commune

Abstract Proteolytic activity produced by Schizophyllum commune homokaryons was derepressed upon starvation of plate-grown cultures for nitrogen. Decreasing the l -asparagine concentration in the growth medium resulted in slower growth (as total protein), alteration of colonial morphology, and an increase in mycelial and extracellular protease specific activity against hide-powder azure. In comparisons between colonies grown on minimal medium (1 g/liter l -Asn), 0.1 × l -Asn, 0.01 × l -Asn, and No l -Asn medium, mycelial proteolytic specific activity increased 2- to 8-fold. Mycelial specific activity also generally increased as the colonies aged. In addition, substantial increases, up to 100-fold, in extracellular protease specific activity occurred under conditions of nitrogen deprivation. This derepression could result in increased mycelial protein turnover and, potentially, proteolysis of extracellular substrates.
Parental ability, education and occupation as influences on offspring cognition in Hawaii and Korea

Abstract Partial correlation procedures were used to assess the separate influences of parental ability and parental status (as measured by educational and occupational attainment) on offspring ability, using data acquired from persons of European and Japanese ancestry residing in Hawaii and from Koreans residing in Korea. The magnitudes of the correlations of parental ability and attainment with offspring ability varied substantially across groups. Partial correlations indicate that parent ability and parent status each independently influence offspring performance on measures of cognition, but that the influence of status generally is far weaker than is the influence of parental cognitive ability.
AtCCX3 is an arabidopsis endomembrane H+-dependent K+ transporter

The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cation calcium exchangers (CCXs) were recently identified as a subfamily of cation transporters; however, no plant CCXs have been functionally characterized. Here, we show that Arabidopsis AtCCX3 (At3g14070) and AtCCX4 (At1g54115) can suppress yeast mutants defective in Na+, K+, and Mn2+ transport. We also report high-capacity uptake of 86Rb+ in tonoplast-enriched vesicles from yeast expressing AtCCX3. Cation competition studies showed inhibition of 86Rb+ uptake in AtCCX3 cells by excess Na+, K+, and Mn2+. Functional epitope-tagged AtCCX3 fusion proteins were localized to endomembranes in plants and yeast. In Arabidopsis, AtCCX3 is primarily expressed in flowers, while AtCCX4 is expressed throughout the plant. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that expression of AtCCX3 increased in plants treated with NaCl, KCl, and MnCl2. Insertional mutant lines of AtCCX3 and AtCCX4 displayed no apparent growth defects; however, overexpression of AtCCX3 caused increased Na+ accumulation and increased 86Rb+ transport. Uptake of 86Rb+ increased in tonoplast-enriched membranes isolated from Arabidopsis lines expressing CCX3 driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Overexpression of AtCCX3 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) produced lesions in the leaves, stunted growth, and resulted in the accumulation of higher levels of numerous cations. In summary, these findings suggest that AtCCX3 is an endomembrane-localized H+-dependent K+ transporter with apparent Na+ and Mn2+ transport properties distinct from those of previously characterized plant transporters.
Laser-induced bulk damage in Yb:S-FAP crystals

ABSTRACT The Mercury laser uses ytterbium-doped strontium fluorapatite (Yb:S-FAP) crystals as the gain medium with a nominal clear aperture of 4 x 6 cm. Recent damage test data have indicated the existence of bulk precursors in Yb:S-FAP that initiate damage starting at approximately 10 J/cm 2 at 9 ns under 1064 nm irradiation. In this paper, we report on preliminary results on bulk damage studies on Yb:S-FAP crystals. Keywords: laser induced damage, Yb:S-FAP, S-FAP, bulk precursors, diode-pump ed solid state laser 1. INTRODUCTION The Mercury laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laborat ory is a diode-pumped solid-state laser that will deliver 100 J of energy at 1047 nm with a repetition rate up to 10 Hz and is a scalable prototype for a fusion energy laser driver [1]. The Mercury laser uses y tterbium-doped strontium fluorapatite (Yb:S-FAP) crystals as the gain medium with a nominal clear aperture of 4 x 6 cm. The Yb:S-FAP crystals are grown using the Czochralski method and are finished using conventional pitch (CP) la p on one face and magneto-rheological finishing (MRF) on the second face. The crystal is coat ed with dual band antireflection coatings (at 910 and 1047 nm). Laser induced damage on small slabs (fabr icated from boules of 3.5 cm diameter) of Yb:S-FAP have been studied in the past (see Figure 1) where only coating and surface damage was observed [2]. Recent high energy operations have shown the existence of bulk damage precursors for the first time in slabs fabricated from boules of 7.0 cm diameter. Coated S-FAP (CP lap) 0.001 0.010.110 1020 304050 6070 8090 100
The Story behind the Intel Atom Processor Success

Many state-of-the-art designs, besides their technical challenges, require robust project execution to meet their target. This article presents the Intel Atom processor as an example to analyze from its management perspective the effectiveness of project execution, including organizational structure and geographical distribution, timely decision making, milestone definition, tracking progress, and fast recovery from surprises.
Protestant Clergymen and American Destiny: I. Promise and Judgment, 1781–1800 *

Americans in “search” of the “goals,” “prospects,” and “purpose” of the United States share an interest in the latter part of the eighteenth century. This was the age of the democratic revolution in Western civilization which produced the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution of the United States, the Bill of Rights, those primary and permanent legacies paramount to our national existence. Although remote in time this period is the common experience of Americans because our lives are still regulated by the political instruments it produced.
Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage on YouTube.

Background A large percentage of Internet users regularly search for health-related information. In recent years, participatory Internet sites such as YouTube have become increasingly popular, in part because individuals are able to both retrieve and post information. This study analyzed how human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was portrayed in videoclips and viewer-posted comments available on YouTube. Methods YouTube (www.youtube.com) was queried on February 8, 2008, using the search terms Gardasil , cervical cancer vaccination , and HPV vaccination to identify and download relevant videoclips. Videoclips were classified as either positively or negatively portraying HPV vaccination, and viewer-posted comments were enumerated. Data analyses were conducted immediately following videoclip retrieval. Results A total of 146 unique YouTube videoclips were located, using the three search keywords combined. Three quarters ( n =109; 74.7%) of the videoclips portrayed HPV vaccination in a positive manner. One third ( n =47; 32.2%) of the videoclips had generated at least one posted comment. Conclusions These results demonstrate that there is a wide variety of information on YouTube regarding HPV vaccination and cervical cancer. As a result, public health and medical professionals need to be cognizant of the nature of the HPV-related information available, so that they are better equipped to respond to patients who acquire information posted on YouTube and other Internet sources.
Are There More Gifted People Than Would Be Expected in a Normal Distribution? An Investigation of the Overabundance Hypothesis.

Among some gifted education researchers, advocates, and practitioners, it is sometimes believed that there is a larger number of gifted people in the general population than would be predicted from a normal distribution (e.g., Gallagher, 2008; N. M. Robinson, Zigler, & Gallagher, 2000; Silverman, 1995, 2009), a belief that we termed the “overabundance hypothesis.” We tested this hypothesis by searching public datasets and the published literature for large representative datasets, 10 of which were found in 6 sources. Results indicated that the overabundance hypothesis was mostly unsupported by the data. Moreover, most datasets included approximately the same (or fewer) gifted individuals than would be predicted from a normal distribution. We conclude the article by exploring the theoretical reasons why the overabundance is likely untrue and why some might believe otherwise.
Lift corrections to transonic equivalence rule - Examples

The lift correction to the transonic equivalence rule, with specific reference to its dependence on the wing planform and load distribution, is studied. Calculations of the equivalence-body cross-sectional area, Se(x), are performed for examples from three families of wing planforms; the results are applied to the analysis of a Mach .98 transport, considering alternative wing designs. An increase in Se(x) due to nonlinear lift effects is found to be significant: a rise in Se(x) by 35% above the zero-lift maximum occurs over a distance comparable to the root chord. However, in changing from a symmetrical to an asymmetrical wing arrangement, the maximum of the lift correction to Se(x) can be reduced by as much as a factor of four, with a nearly eight-fold reduction in the correction to the equivalent source strength, dS^/dJC.
Associations of built food environment with body mass index and waist circumference among youth with diabetes

Background: Youth with diabetes are at increased risk for obesity and cardiovascular disease complications. However, less is known about the influence of built food environment on health outcomes in this population. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of accessibility and availability of supermarkets and fast food outlets with Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score and waist circumference among youth with diabetes. Methods: Information on residential location and adiposity measures (BMI z-score and waist circumference) for 845 youths with diabetes residing in South Carolina was obtained from the South Carolina site of the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Food outlets data obtained from the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control and InfoUSA were merged based on names and addresses of the outlets. The comprehensive data on franchised supermarket and fast food outlets was then used to construct three accessibility and availability measures around each youth’s residence. Results: Increased number and density of chain supermarkets around residence location were associated with lower BMI z-score and waist circumference among youth with diabetes. For instance, for a female child of 10 years of age with height of 54.2 inches and weight of 70.4 pounds, lower supermarket density around residence location was associated with about 2.8–3.2 pounds higher weight, when compared to female child of same age, height and weight with highest supermarket density around residence location. Similarly, lower supermarket density around residence location was associated with a 3.5–3.7 centimeter higher waist circumference, when compared to residence location with the highest supermarket density. The associations of number and density of chain fast food outlets with adiposity measures, however, were not significant. No significant associations were observed between distance to the nearest supermarket and adiposity measures. However, contrary to our expectation, increased distance to the nearest fast food outlet was associated with higher BMI z-score, but not with waist circumference. Conclusions: Food environments conducive to healthy eating may significantly influence health behaviors and outcomes. Efforts to increase the availability of supermarkets providing options/selections for health-promoting foods may significantly improve the dietary intake and reduce adiposity among youth with diabetes.
A Treatise on Fundamental Principles of the Philosophy of Chiropractic and Related Topics in the Life Sciences

Objective: To review literature from the biological sciences and study its application to the philosophy of chiropractic. Discussion: Fundamental principles of the philosophy of chiropractic may gain wider acceptance within the scientific community with a correlation of the philosophy to literature in biology. In particular, literature that articulates the complexity of living systems and the function of the nervous system as the primary organizing system of the body would seem to facilitate this acceptance. Stephenson elucidated the fundamental purpose of the nervous system as the matter that organizes and coordinates all the functional parts of the body. He did this with the level of understanding of biology of that time period. He explained the connection by describing the 5 signs of life: adaptation, assimilation, elimination, growth and reproduction. He described a normal complete cycle of adaptation with efferent and afferent paths from the brain to the body. Conclusion: Recent articles in the biological and life sciences support, and provide examples of, the correlation between the overall organization of the body and the role of the nervous system. (J Chiropr Humanit 2006;13:12-20) Key Indexing Terms: Chiropractic; Spine; Identity
The mystery of a crimson leg: A case of Klippel–Trénaunay–Weber syndrome

An 82-year-old male with a congenital skin condition presented with fever, increasing left lower extremity edema, and erythema. Exam was notable for lymphedema, phlebectasia, scattered impetiginous changes, and extensive verrucous to multinodular hemangiomatosis of the left leg, thigh, inguinal region, buttock, and abdomen (Panel A). Cellulitis in the setting of Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber syndrome was diagnosed and the patient was treated successfully with antibiotics and compression wraps. Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber syndrome is a rare congenital vascular disorder characterized by lateralizing cutaneous vascular nevus malformation, venous/lymphatic malformations, and hypertrophy of osseous and/or soft tissue. While most commonly affecting a single lower extremity, the extent of vascular involvement is highly variable and vascular malformations may involve the deeper muscular, osseous, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, or solid organ vascular structure. Limb hypertrophy occurs, as in this case (Panel A), secondary to underlying bone and soft tissue involvement. In a series of 252 patients with Klippel– Trenaunay–Weber syndrome, 98% of patients had capillary malformations (port-wine stain), 72% venous malformations, and 67% limb hypertrophy. All three features were present in 63% of patients.1 Common complications in Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber syndrome include cellulitis, edema, stasis dermatitis, skin ulceration, deep venous thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, and bleeding – dependent upon the site of vascular involvement.1 Use of compression garments is indicated for patients with recurrent cellulitis, with concomitant benefit for chronic venous insufficiency and/or lymphedema. Prophylactic antibiotics may be appropriate in patients with recurrent cellulitis. Frequent infections can prompt discussion of surgical debulking, although this remains controversial in light of the Images in Vascular Medicine
Medical Management Is The Way To Go For Ventricular Reconstruction Post STICH

Abstract Ventricular remodeling is a complex process mediated by pathogenic factors all of which interact at the cellular, ventricular and systemic levels to cause progressive left ventricular dilation and subsequently a heart failure syndrome. Remodeling is a well-characterized response to insult or injury and is initiated early on by neurohormonal activation. Neurohormonal antagonists have formed the foundation of therapy to alter the progression of remodeling and concomitantly improve outcomes. Surgical ventricular reconstruction was designed as a surgical means to reduce the ventricular radius and in principal decrease ventricular wall stress as defined by the Law of Laplace. Despite optimistic initial results from case series, the Surgical Treatment for Ischemic Heart Failure Trial (STICH) trial, a large randomized trial of ventricular reconstruction in addition to coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) therapy for management of patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction showed no clinical benefit. We will summarize the evidence that demonstrates the foundational role of neurohormonal blockade in improving outcomes in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection and the evidence behind its role in “medical ventricular reconstruction”.
Parental Drinking and Gender Factors in the Prediction of Early Adolescent Alcohol Use

This study examines the relationship between children's reports of their parents’ drinking patterns, and the child's alcohol misuse and heavy alcohol use in early adolescence. Subjects were 2,213 fifth and sixth grade students. Data on the child's alcohol use and misuse, and parent alcohol use, were derived from classroom-administered questionnaires. Increased reported level of drinking by mother or by father was significantly associated with increased odds of alcohol misuse and heavy alcohol use among the children; these results held for both boys and girls when examined separately. Examination for possible confounding effects of assortative mating by parental drinking suggests that reports of heavy drinking in either parent increases the risk of alcohol misuse and heavy alcohol use in children. Implications for prevention efforts are discussed.
Effects of crude oil prices and macroeconomic conditions on output growth in Mexico

The objective of the paper is to examine the impact of higher oil prices on Mexico's real GDP. Applying an open economy model, this paper finds that more money supply, more deficit spending, a higher real stock price, real appreciation of the peso, a lower US interest rate, and a lower expected inflation rate would increase real GDP. In addition, the elasticity of real GDP with respect to the real oil price is estimated to be 0.05, suggesting that the real oil price would need to rise 20% in order for real GDP to increase by 1%.
Technique development and measurement of Poisson's ratio, lateral creep behavior, and thermal and hygroscopic expansion of individual layers in magnetic tapes

An experimental technique was developed to measure the Poisson's ratio (lateral contraction over longitudinal elongation), lateral creep, and both thermal and hygroscopic expansion of thin polymeric films. A so-called profile-matching method was developed to measure the lateral and longitudinal deformation with the help of a laser scan micrometer. A thermomechanical analyzer was used to measure the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The laser scan technique was also used to measure the coefficient of hygroscopic expansion (CHE). The measurements were performed on magnetic tapes, substrates, and tapes with front coat or back coat, or with both coats stripped. A model based on the rule of mixtures was developed to determine the Poisson's ratio, lateral and longitudinal deformation behavior, and thermal expansion of the front coat and back coat. To investigate the mechanical degradation of the substrates during tape manufacturing, the data for substrate with the front and back coats removed from the tape, were compared with the data for the never-coated virgin film. The relationship between the molecular structure and the degradation mechanism of the substrates is discussed. The magnetic tapes used in this research include two metal particle (MP) tapes and two metal evaporated (ME) tapes that use polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates. Longitudinal and lateral deformation tests were performed at 25 ± 0.5°C and 50 ± 2%RH, and thermal expansion was measured from 15 to 70°C. The CHE was measured at 25 ± 0.5°C and 15–80%RH. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2082–2096, 2003
The Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor (CaSR) Is a Critical Modulator of Skeletal Development

The extracellular Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays a nonredundant role in the functions of the parathyroid gland (PTG) and the kidney. Severe hyperparathyroidism, premature death, and incomplete gene excision in Casr(-/-) mice have precluded the assessment of CaSR function in other tissues. We generated mice with tissue-specific deletion of Casr in the PTG, bone, or cartilage. Deletion of Casr in the PTG or bone resulted in profound bone defects, whereas deletion of Casr in chondrocytes (cartilage-producing cells) resulted in death before embryonic day 13 (E13). Mice in which chondrocyte-specific deletion of Casr was induced between E16 and E18 were viable but showed delayed growth plate development. Our data show a critical role for the CaSR in early embryogenesis and skeletal development.
RADIOLOGIC EVALUATION OF EMPHYSEMA FOR LUNG VOLUME REDUCTION SURGERY

Lung volume reduction surgery has created an opportunity for the advanced imaging of emphysema. Patients with CT or perfusion scintigraphy demonstrating an upper- or lower-lobe-predominant pattern of emphysema have better patient outcomes after LVRS than patients with emphysema diffusely or homogeneously distributed throughout the lungs. Some patients with diffuse or homogeneous emphysema may demonstrate improvement in function or dyspnea after surgery, but the magnitude of the improvement seen is less than in patients with heterogeneous emphysema, and the duration of benefit is not known. An ongoing, multicenter National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/Health Care Financing Association (HCFA) sponsored trial of LVRS aims to determine whether LVRS together with maximal medical therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation improves patient outcomes compared with maximal medical therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation alone. This study will address the duration of clinical benefit and the cost-effectiveness of LVRS.
Approval Summary: Pemetrexed Maintenance Therapy of Advanced/Metastatic Nonsquamous, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

On July 2, 2009, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved pemetrexed injection (Alimta® Injection; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) for maintenance treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer whose disease has not progressed after four cycles of platinum-based doublet induction chemotherapy. A double-blind study of pemetrexed plus best supportive care versus placebo plus best supportive care was conducted. Pemetrexed, 500 mg/m2 i.v., was administered every 21 days until disease progression. Folic acid, vitamin B12, and a corticosteroid were given to all study patients. There were 663 randomized patients (pemetrexed, 441; placebo, 222). Treatments were well balanced with respect to baseline disease characteristics and stratification factors. The median overall survival (OS) time for intent-to-treat (ITT) patients was 13.4 months for patients receiving pemetrexed and 10.6 months for those receiving placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65–0.95; p = .012). Median OS times were 15.5 months versus 10.3 months for patients with nonsquamous histologies receiving pemetrexed and placebo, respectively (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.56–0.88). The median OS time in patients with squamous histology receiving pemetrexed was 9.9 months, versus 10.8 months for those receiving placebo (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.77–1.50). A significantly longer progression-free survival interval for both the ITT and nonsquamous patient populations receiving pemetrexed maintenance therapy was also observed. The most common (>5%) adverse reactions in patients receiving pemetrexed were hematologic toxicity, an increase in hepatic enzymes, fatigue, gastrointestinal toxicity, sensory neuropathy, and skin rash.
Regulation of Dendritic Spine Morphology by the Rho Family of Small GTPases: Antagonistic Roles of Rac and Rho

Dendritic spines mediate most excitatory transmission in the mammalian CNS and have been traditionally considered stable structures. Following the suggestion that spines may 'twitch', it has been recently shown that spines are capable of rapid morphological rearrangements. Because of the role of the small GTPases from the Rho family in controlling neuronal morphogenesis, we investigated the effects of several members of this biochemical signaling pathway in the maintenance of the morphology of extant dendritic spines by combining biolistic transfection of pyramidal neurons in cultured cortical and hippocampal slices with two-photon microscopy. We find a variety of effects on the density and morphology of dendritic spines by expressing either constitutively active or dominant negative forms of several small GTPases of the Rho family, by blocking the entire pathway with Clostridium difficile toxin B or by blocking Rho with C3 transferase. We propose a model where Rac promotes spine formation, while Rho prevents it. We conclude that the small GTPases provide antagonistic control mechanisms of spine maintenance in pyramidal neurons.
Enterolyse bei Dünndarmobstruktion

Die Enterolyse bzw. Adhasiolyse ist in akuten Fallen von vollstandig ausgepragtem Dunndarmileus angezeigt.
Intake, serum concentrations, and urinary excretion of manganese by adult males

ABSTRACI’ Nutritional status of manganese in 10 adult males was monitored through a 47-d period by measuring manganese in serum and urine and by chemically analyzing duplicate portions ofall foods and beverages consumed on 3 d, with computer analysis of dietary records for 10 additional days. Subjects consumed 0.52-5.33 mg Mn/d; 50% ofthe time they consumed less than the 1980 Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake for manganese. Subjects on average (±SEM)excreted 7.0 ± 0.5 nmol Mn/g creatinine; their average serum manganese concentration was 19.3 ± 1 nmol/L. These potential indices of manganese exposure were not correlated with the subjects’ dietary intakes ofmanganese or other minerals. However, serum manganese concentrations tended to be elevated (p < 0.064) in five subjects who consumed 15 mg chelated Mn/d for 7 d. Am J C/in Nuir 1990;5 1:457-61.
Method for measuring the activity of deubiquitinating enzymes in cell lines and tissue samples

The ubiquitin-proteasome system has recently been implicated in various pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In light of this, techniques for studying the regulatory mechanism of this system are essential to elucidating the cellular and molecular processes of the aforementioned diseases. The use of hemagglutinin derived ubiquitin probes outlined in this paper serves as a valuable tool for the study of this system. This paper details a method that enables the user to perform assays that give a direct visualization of deubiquitinating enzyme activity. Deubiquitinating enzymes control proteasomal degradation and share functional homology at their active sites, which allows the user to investigate the activity of multiple enzymes in one assay. Lysates are obtained through gentle mechanical cell disruption and incubated with active site directed probes. Functional enzymes are tagged with the probes while inactive enzymes remain unbound. By running this assay, the user obtains information on both the activity and potential expression of multiple deubiquitinating enzymes in a fast and easy manner. The current method is significantly more efficient than using individual antibodies for the predicted one hundred deubiquitinating enzymes in the human cell.
Specific unresponsiveness to Corynebacterium parvum as measured by delayed hypersensitivity.

In order to induce specific unresponsiveness to C. parvum mice were given seven daily i.v./i.p. injections of a high dose of the vaccine, or were given a single i.v. injection of C. parvum followed by an i.p. injection of cyclophosphamide (CY). Mice given the high-dose procedure had a significant level of residual footpad reactivity to C. parvum challenge, but subsequent sensitizing injections did not stimulate delayed hypersensitivity (DH). In contrast, mice given C. parvum and CY did not respond to challenge, and they could not be sensitised to C. parvum. Their unresponsiveness was sntlgenically specific and was stable for at least six weeks. Antibodies to C. parvum were Induced by both pretreataant procedures. This is the first report of the production of mice specifically unable to mount DH to a bacterial immune stimulant.
Latino Educational Technologies Practices in North Carolina: A Proposed Study

The main focus of this proposed study is to understand how Latino communities are using educational technologies in North Carolina. The goal is to examine and understand the relationship between Latino educational technology practices and their learning outcome for students. In other words, how are educational technologies being used among Latino students in the United States, specifically, in North Carolina?
ES8-3: Measuring Outcomes in Breast Reconstruction: The Patient Perspective.

In breast reconstruction, understanding patients’ perceptions of surgical results is of primary importance. As new reconstructive techniques continue to advance, surgeons and patients require high quality information on key outcomes such as patient satisfaction and quality of life. The need for meaningful data is further accentuated by concerns over healthcare expenditures and the increasing involvement of patients in their own surgical decision-making. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are questionnaires specifically designed to quantify aspects of outcome such as patient satisfaction and health-related quality of life. When developed and validated according to internationally recognized standards, PRO measures can provide reliable and valid assessment of patient outcomes. Traditionally, PRO measures were used in clinical research alone; however, advances in psychometric methods have now facilitated the development of a new generation of PRO measures that are also useful in clinical care. This presentation will provide an overview of PRO research in breast reconstruction. The BREAST-Q, a new PRO measure for breast surgery patients, will be highlighted. Physicians will gain the necessary critical appraisal skills to interpret and apply evidence from PRO studies in their own clinical practice. Approaches to routine use of PRO measures in clinical care will also be described. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr ES8-3.