cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential Phase Contrast Imaging in the Electronically Focused Acoustic System

Phase contrast imaging which has been used in optical imaging for years, has recently been introduced into acoustic imaging, in systems using mechanical scanning. In this paper, a phase contrast imaging system is introduced which employs electronic scanning and focusing. Differential phase contrast imaging is used, which compares the phases at adjacent points on the object which are separated by a constant distance along the scan line. The advantage of differential phase contrast imaging, as compared to fixed reference phase contrast imaging, is that the reference and signal beams travel almost identical paths, suppressing,the effects of vibration, temperature, and other external influences. The present system consists of an acoustic receiver using a 100 element PZT array, which has two identical main beams separated slightly in space, focused at the same distance and scanned simultaneously. The relative phases between the two beams can be varied, and for “dark field” imaging they are set 180° out of phase. The output of the receiver then reproduces either the phase distribution across the object, or its spatial derivative. Two dimensional differential phase contrast images are obtained by adding a mechanical frame scan. The peripheral sensitivity of this system is presently 12° phase difference, and the ultimate objective is a few degrees.
Fickian dispersion is anomalous

The thesis put forward here is that the occurrence of Fickian dispersion in geophysical settings is a rare event and consequently should be labeled as anomalous. What people classically call anomalous is really the norm. In a Lagrangian setting, a process with mean square displacement which is proportional to time is generally labeled as Fickian dispersion. With a number of counter examples we show why this definition is fraught with difficulty. In a related discussion, we show an infinite second moment does not necessarily imply the process is super dispersive. By employing a rigorous mathematical definition of Fickian dispersion we illustrate why it is so hard to find a Fickian process. We go on to employ a number of renormalization group approaches to classify non-Fickian dispersive behavior. Scaling laws for the probability density function for a dispersive process, the distribution for the first passage times, the mean first passage time, and the finite-size Lyapunov exponent are presented for fixed points of both deterministic and stochastic renormalization group operators. The fixed points of the renormalization group operators are p-self-similar processes. A generalized renormalization group operator is introduced whose fixed points form a set of generalized self-similar processes. Power-law clocks are introduced to examine multi-scaling behavior. Several examples of these ideas are presented and discussed.
A Large Family of Negative Charge Carriers in Liquid Helium

In 1969 Doake and Gribbon,1 using the Cunsolo technique2 for measuring charged particle velocities, found a negative charge carrier with a much higher mobility than either the normal positive or negative carrier studied for the past fifteen years. They found that this new species, rather than producing vortex rings, reached a velocity apparently limited by roton creation. They were able to produce it below 1.05°K with large electric fields and a radioactive a source. We have studied a new species having similar characteristics and have found that a large family of negative charge carriers can be produced in liquid helium.3
Starvation hypoglycemia in late pregnancy

Abstract The Gibson (Folin-Wu) method for blood sugar gives results comparable to those obtained with the Somogyi (Shaffer-Hartmann) technic. Both methods evidently exclude the determination of nonsugar reducing substances, and therefore apparently give true sugar values. In pregnant women near term starvation for twelve hours leads to blood sugar reductions similar to those observed in nonpregnant individuals, but fasting for fifty hours reduces the blood sugar to levels considerably below those recorded for the nonpregnant. In 14 among 53 such patients the blood sugar fell to less than 40 mg. per cent, and in one case to 30 mg. per cent. Development of a marked starvation hypoglycemia with acetonuria produces no signs or symptoms of toxemia of late pregnancy, except that mild transient headaches are occasionally noted. Starvation for fifty hours in the last month of pregnancy is frequently (30 per cent) followed by the (otherwise spontaneous) onset of labor.
Self-Regulation of Sleep, Emotion, and Weight during Adolescence: Implications for Translational Research and Practice

Self-regulation-the ability to manage motivations, emotions, physiological sensations, and behavior to meet internal and external demands of the environment-is critical to health and development. Adolescence represents a dynamic period of change in both the demand and capacity for self-regulation. As teens mature and become more autonomous, they are confronted with decisions in determining where they spend their time, what they eat, when they go to bed, and how they prioritize and pursue various social, academic, and recreational goals. We highlight opportunities to improve self-regulatory capacities and related health outcomes during this important developmental window. In particular, we focus on emotion regulation, sleep regulation, and weight regulation as three separate but synergistic self-regulatory systems that may provide unique opportunities for intervention to optimize health outcomes. To this end, we begin by describing developmental changes that occur in emotion, sleep and weight regulatory systems during the transitional period of adolescence, as well as how these changes can lead to profound and enduring health consequences. Next, we describe emerging evidence that indicates complex and synergistic interactions among these regulatory systems during adolescence. Last, we end with possible prevention and intervention efforts that capitalize on the interactions among these three regulatory domains.
Perversion: A Lacanian Psychoanalytic Approach to the Subject

Introduction. Theoretical and Case Study Contributions. Button Ties of Lacanian Theory: The Paternal Metaphor, Subjectivity, and the Remainder. The Etiology of Perversion. Perverse Relation to the Other: Fundamental Fantasy, Language, and the Drives. The Perverse Act and Substructures of Perversion. Analysis of a Case of (Perverse) Exhibitionism. Analysis of a Case of Obsessive Neurosis and Pedophilic Sexual Interest. Treatment Recommendations for Clinical Work with Neurotic and Perverse Patients.
Lymph Node Occupancy Is Required for the Peripheral Development of Alloantigen-Specific Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells

We previously demonstrated that L-selectin (CD62L)-dependent T cell homing to lymph nodes (LN) is required for tolerance induction to alloantigen. To explore the mechanisms of this observation, we analyzed the development and distribution of regulatory T cells (Treg), which play an important protective role against allograft rejection in transplantation tolerance. Alloantigen-specific tolerance was induced using either anti-CD2 plus anti-CD3 mAbs, or anti-CD40L mAbs plus donor-specific transfusion, in fully mismatched (BALB/c donor, C57BL/6 recipient) vascularized cardiac allografts. An expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD62L(high) T cells was observed specifically within the LN of tolerant animals, but not in other anatomic sites or under nontolerizing conditions. These cells exhibited a substantial up-regulation of Foxp3 expression as measured by real-time PCR and by fluorescent immunohistochemistry, and possessed alloantigen-specific suppressor activity. Neither LN nor other lymphoid cells expressed the regulatory phenotype if recipients were treated with anti-CD62L mAbs, which both prevented LN homing and caused early allograft rejection. However, administration of FTY720, a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator that induces CD62L-independent T cell accumulation in the LNs, restored CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg in the LNs along with graft survival. These data suggest that alloantigen-specific Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg develop and are required within the LNs during tolerization, and provide compelling evidence that distinct lymphoid compartments play critical roles in transplantation tolerance.
AACE-algorithm animation for computer science education

Describes AACE, a methodology for educational algorithm animation that the author developed while building an integrated hypermedia algorithm animation environment extending a fundamental algorithms textbook. After presenting the general structure of AACE, he discusses questions of the ideal user interface for algorithm animations. He compares his approach to the development of algorithm animation that he calls 'structure-based' with the more conventional 'unified view'-based approach. >
Foundations in Cold Regions

The design of foundations in cold regions differs significantly from that in temperate regions. Cold regions include both those areas with seasonal frost and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). On the basis of air temperature, snow depth, ice covers and permafrost, Bates and Bilello (1966) reported that about 48 percent of the northern hemisphere’s land mass is categorized as cold regions and the southern most reaches of discontinuous permafrost over land masses approximately follow the 40°N latitude line, as illustrated in Figure 19.1. In cold regions, the upper soil layer, or active layer, experiences cycles of winter freezing and summer thawing.
Carry Trades and Sovereign CDS Spreads: Evidence from Asia-Pacific Markets

This article extends the current literature on currency carry trades by investigating the first and second moment interactions between carry trade returns and changes in sovereign credit default swap spreads. Using a VAR-EGARCH model and a sample of nine Asia-Pacific currencies, we examine the relation between sovereign spreads and carry trade returns with and without the inclusion of the 2008 global financial crisis period. Our results show that carry trade returns and sovereign spread changes are negatively correlated, with Granger causality running in both directions. We also find significant volatility spillover effects. High conditional correlation between the currency component of carry trades and sovereign spreads is documented, which is amplified if the crisis period is considered. Global risk affects carry trade volatility more during turbulent periods. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 35:1067–1087, 2015
Response to Comment on Sofi et al. pH of Drinking Water Influences the Composition of Gut Microbiome and Type 1 Diabetes Incidence. Diabetes 2014;63:632–644

We recently described that drinking water pH influences the composition of gut microbiota and type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice (1,2). In a study conducted at the specific pathogen–free (SPF) facilities of University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) and Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Sofi et al. (1) reported an association between consumption of acidic drinking water (AW) and high diabetes incidence in NOD mice obtained from The Jackson Laboratory (JAX) and mice from the breeding colonies of UIC and MUSC. However, in a separate study conducted at University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Wolf et al. (2) described an opposite outcome—low disease incidence in NOD mice that were given AW. Both these studies showed profound differences in the gut microbiota of …
A Validation Study of Lithium-ion Cell Constant C-Rate Discharge Simulation with Battery Design Studio®

SUMMARY We compare battery performance simulations from a commercial lithium-ion battery modeling software package against manufacturer performance specifications and laboratory tests to assess model validity. A set of commercially manufactured spiral wound lithium-ion cells were electrochemically tested and then disassembled and physically characterized. The Battery Design Studio® (BDS) software was then used to create a mathematical model of each battery, and discharge simulations at constant C-rates ranging from C/5 to 2C were compared against laboratory tests and manufacturer performance specifications. Results indicate that BDS predictions of total energy delivered under our constant C-rate battery discharge tests are within 6.5% of laboratory measurements for a full discharge and within 2.8% when a 60% state of charge window is considered. Average discrepancy is substantially lower. In all cases, the discrepancy in simulated vs. manufacturer specifications or laboratory results of energy and capacity delivered was comparable to the discrepancy between manufacturer specifications and laboratory results. Results suggest that BDS can provide sufficient accuracy in discharge performance simulations for many applications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE OF THE LOSS OF THE CHLOROPLAST-DNA INVERTED REPEAT IN THE LEGUMINOSAE SUBFAMILY PAPILIONOIDEAE.

The distribution of a rare chloroplast-DNA structural mutation, the loss of a large inverted repeat, has been determined for 95 species representing 77 genera and 25 of the 31 tribes in the legume subfamily Papilionoideae. This mutation, which is regarded as a derived feature of singular origin within the subfamily, marks a group comprising six temperate tribes, the Galegeae, Hedysareae, Carmichaelieae, Vicieae, Cicereae, and Trifolieae, an assemblage traditionally considered to be monophyletic. This mutation also occurs in the chloroplast genome of Wisteria, a member of the tropical tribe Millettieae whose other members so far surveyed lack the mutation. These new DNA data, together with traditional evidence, support the hypothesis that Wisteria is an unspecialized member of a lineage that gave rise to the temperate tribes marked by the chloroplast-DNA mutation; the probable paraphylesis of Millettieae is revealed. Two other tribes, Loteae and Coronilleae (traditionally regarded as a derived element of the aforesaid temperate tribes) do not possess this chloroplast-DNA structural mutation and, therefore, presumably represent a distinct temperate lineage. This hypothesis is supported by additional evidence from pollen, inflorescence, and root-nodule morphology that suggests that the Loteae and Coronilleae share a more recent ancestry with tropical tribes such as Phaseoleae and Millettieae than with other temperate tribes.
A mobile point-of-care diagnostic system for low-resource settings

Disease detection and epidemiology in developing countries are hampered by a lack of convenient, affordable and usable diagnostic technologies. The goal of this research project is to design, deploy and evaluate a mobile system that uses computer vision algorithms running on a mobile device to capture, interpret and transmit point-of-care diagnostic tests for infectious diseases. Our system will provide health workers around the world with access to rapid and accurate diagnoses for their patients and public health officials with real-time, aggregated data and statistics regarding the numbers and results of tests administered via a centralized database. Our system is currently being evaluated with sixty health workers at five clinical research sites in Zimbabwe. Our findings and insights could inform the design of future mobile health systems and help ministries of health and other stakeholders to assess the viability of deploying mobile systems in similar environments.
Elders With Dementia Living in the Community With and Without Caregivers: An Epidemiological Study

Background: Previous studies of dementia and family caregiving have focused on individuals seeking diagnosis and treatment, and have rarely been conducted in representative community samples. Identifying demented individuals participating in a community survey, we determined (a) the factors associated with demented elderly living alone; (b) the factors associated with the demented elderly having caregivers; (c) the factors associated with increased levels of burden among caregivers of persons with dementia. Population and Methods: During an epidemiological survey of a mostly rural U.S. community, the authors identified 116 noninstitutionalized elderly individuals with dementia. These individuals were classified into those living alone and those living with others; both groups were further classified into those with an without identifiable family caregivers. Characteristics of both caregivers and care recipients were examined. Results: Approximately a third of the subjects with dementia lived alone, and only half of them had caregivers. The average age of the caregivers was 67.4 years, and 73% of them were women. Almost half of the caregivers were spouses, whereas almost a third were offspring, of the demented individuals. Over two thirds of caregivers lived with the subjects. Female caregivers were significantly younger than male caregivers. Multivariate analyses revealed that subjects with dementia who were living alone were independently and significantly more likely to be women and to have dementias of shorter duration, lesser severity, and lesser functional impairment than those living with others. Demented subjects with caregivers were more likely to have greater dementia severity, functional impairment, and cognitive impairment and more current cognitive and behavioral symptoms than those without caregivers. Demented subjects whose caregivers reported higher levels of burden were more likely to be women and to have greater dementia severity, functional impairment, and cognitive impairment and more current symptoms than those whose caregivers had no/minimal burden. Conclusions: These results draw attention to the problems of persons with dementia living alone, particularly those without caregivers. Our data also provide epidemiological confirmation of previous clinical/volunteer studies of dementia caregiving, as well as a preliminary assessment of need in the community at large. Living arrangements and caregiver issues should be taken into account when planning services for the elderly.
Social Media and the Neuroradiologist: A Brief Introduction

Use of social media by medical professionals is increasing. Twitter (twitter.com, San Francisco, California) is the social media platform that has attracted the most attention. Recently, radiologists have used Twitter as a “virtual lounge” to engage in professional conversations on topics
The Unfolding Case Formulation: The Interplay of Description and Inference

Single subject research (SSR) can complement findings from aggregated group data and contribute uniquely toward the goal of generating and generalizing scientific knowledge in psychology.
Comparative morphology, homologies, and functions of the male system in oribatid mites (Arachnida: Acari).

The penis is basically a double-walled oval cone. The weak type penis (only 2 species) has a weak tongue, lacks a bridge, and is elongate. The strong type (all others) has a bridge, a strong tongue, thicker walls, and is short. An accessory gland and a common vas deferens always open into the inner cup lumen (= ejaculatory duct). The massive tongue muscles may open the penal orifice. A pair of penal retractor muscles originate on the body wall. Penal protrusion and perhaps partial extrusion of stalk substance is by hemolymph pressure. The penis is completely homologous to the ovipositor. The genital discs are cuticular cups containing glandular tissue and are retractible by muscles originating on the body wall. The minute, rod-like, immobile sperm are mixed with seminal fluid and stalk material secreted by seminal vesicle cells. This mixture is carried via the vase deferentia by peristalsis to the penis. Semen and stalk substance (protein) are somehow separated in the ejaculatory duct into separate pools, with stalk substance nearest the penal orifice. Upon penal protrusion, a bit of stalk material is extruded and fastened to the ground, and upon raising of the mite's body the stalk is “drawn out.” Finally, the ball of semen, adhering to the stalk tip, is pulled through the penal orifice.
Metastatic behavior and cell surface properties of HT-29 human colon carcinoma variant cells selected for their differential expression of sialyl-dimeric Le(x)-antigen.

Immunochemical studies of human colorectal carcinoma with various monoclonal antibodies against Lex-related carbohydrate antigens previously revealed that the amount of sialyl-dimeric Lex antigen (NeuAcα2–3Gal/⋏1–4(Fucαr1–3)GlcNAcβ1–3Galβ1–4 (Fucα1–3)GlcNAcβ1-R: SLX) associated with metastatic lesions was greater than in the primary tumors. To assess whether an experimental model can be used to study the direct relationship between this carbohydrate antigen and the tumor cell's metastatic behavior, we selected variant cells with increased surface SLX from established human colon carcinoma cell line HT-29. The cells in the upper 5% or lower 5% population in fluorescence intensity after reacting with a monoclonal antibody, FH6, were retrieved separately by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter and propagated. After three- or four-times selection, we obtained stable cell lines with low and high cell surface SLX antigens (HT-29 M1 and HT-29 M2, respectively). Binding of monoclonal antibody FH6 was detected to glycolipids extracted from HT-29 M2 cells but not from HT-29 Ml cells. Glycoprotein components having reactivity with monoclonal antibody FH6 were below the detectable level. HT-29 M2 cells injected intrasplenically into nude mice showed a slightly reduced incidence of metastatis to lung, liver and lymph nodes than did HT-29 M1 cells. Subsequently we found that SLX antigen was not detectable by immunohistochemical examination of these tumor cells grown in nude mice. Re-established cell line from nude mice xenografts expressed SLX antigenin vitro.
Search for superconductivity in the two-dimensional Hubbard model using the Constrained Path Monte Carlo

Abstract The search for a superconducting state in the two-dimensional one-band Hubbard model (HM) has been intense in the last few years. Monte Carlo methods, haunted by the infamous fermion sign problem, have been unable to study large enough systems and low enough temperatures. The Constrained Path Monte Carlo method (CPMC) evades the sign problem by introducing an approximate constraining state. We introduce a new formulation of the CPMC that allows the implementation of a whole family of generalized mean-field states as constraint, and calculate superconducting pairing correlation functions in the HM for lattices up to 12×12 . We compare the results obtained using a BCS and a free-electron constraining wave-function. We find that the d -wave correlations are insensitive to the constraining state used.
Adult Outcomes and Life Satisfaction of Pediatric-Onset Spinal Cord Injuries: Implications

A major goal of caring for children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) is to engender a satisfying and productive life for them as adults. Therefore, it is important to understand the long-term outcomes of adults who sustained their SCI as children and adolescents. In particular, it is necessary to identify factors that significantly impact important outcomes, such as employment, income, independent living, medical complications, and life satisfaction. Pediatric SCI programs need to focus habilitative and rehabilitative efforts to maximize long-term adult outcomes.
Multitemporal land-cover classification using SIR-C/X-SAR imagery

Abstract The dual-flight program (April and October) for the SIR-C/X-SAR instrument aboard the shuttle Endeavor was designed expressly to acquire Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery at two significantly different seasons. At the Michigan Forests Test Site (MFTS), the April mission occurred at the beginning of the spring thaw and the October mission occurred just prior to and during the fall color change. Four scenes are evaluated at a constant incidence angle. Seven features are extracted from the SAR data for potential use in classification using powers at different frequencies and polarizations. Given multiseason SIR-C/X-SAR imagery, there are three possible approaches in the classifier development: 1) Under the assumption that the scene does not change significantly as a function of time, develop one classification for a set of x scenes using n features, with x times the number of samples per feature; 2) ignore the multiseason availability and develop independent classifications for each scene using n features; 3) develop a true multitemporal classification where N of features equals n (number of features) times x (number of scenes). Each of these is applied using a combination knowledge-based and Bayesian classifier. Level II (roughly forest community) results show that the true multitemporal April/October classification works very well (97%), as do those for the individual scenes (>90%). A pooled classifier works poorly (April=90%, October=77%) and shows that temporal changes in phenology and moisture conditions contribute significant noise in terrain classification.
Asymptotic equilibrium diffusion analysis of time-dependent Monte Carlo methods for grey radiative transfer

The equations of nonlinear, time-dependent radiative transfer are known to yield the equilibrium diffusion equation as the leading-order solution of an asymptotic analysis when the mean-free path and mean-free time of a photon become small. We apply this same analysis to the Fleck-Cummings, Carter-Forest, and N'kaoua Monte Carlo approximations for grey (frequency-independent) radiative transfer. Although Monte Carlo simulation usually does not require the discretizations found in deterministic transport techniques, Monte Carlo methods for radiative transfer require a time discretization due to the nonlinearities of the problem. If an asymptotic analysis of the equations used by a particular Monte Carlo method yields an accurate time-discretized version of the equilibrium diffusion equation, the method should generate accurate solutions if a time discretization is chosen that resolves temperature changes, even if the time steps are much larger than the mean-free time of a photon. This analysis is of interest because in many radiative transfer problems, it is a practical necessity to use time steps that are large compared to a mean-free time. Our asymptotic analysis shows that: (i) the N'kaoua method has the equilibrium diffusion limit, (ii) the Carter-Forest method has the equilibrium diffusion limit if the material temperature change during a time step is small, and (iii) the Fleck-Cummings method does not have the equilibrium diffusion limit. We include numerical results that verify our theoretical predictions.
The Joint Distribution of the Standardized Least Squares Residuals from a General Linear Regression

Abstract In this article the p-variate joint distribution is derived for a subset of p of the n standardized least squares residuals from a general linear regression. The resulting distribution is a standardized version of the Inverted-Student Function [8, p. 259]. An application of this result to the problem of detection of outliers is discussed.
Aerobic Glycolysis by the Pituitary Gland In Vivo

: Arteriovenous differences of glucose, lactate, and pyruvate were measured across the pituitary glands of overnight-fasted female pigs to determine whether net uptake of glucose occurred, and if so, whether it was oxidized or converted to lactate. Arteriovenous differences were also measured across a portion of the cerebral cortex as a control. Cerebral cortex oxidized 84% of the glucose taken up, but this was not true in the pituitary gland, where glucose was almost completely converted to lactate. The arteriovenous difference across the pituitary gland was 0.61 μmol/ml for glucose while the veno-arterial differences of lactate and pyruvate were 1.0 and 0.07 μmol/ml, respectively. The results indicated that little net oxidation of glucose either by the Krebs cycle or the pentose phosphate pathway occurs in the pituitary gland in vivo. Estimates of the amount of energy released from aerobic glycolysis indicate that, unless the requirements of the neurohypophysis are very different from those in the rest of brain, very little energy could be derived from the metabolism of glucose.
Cloaking via change of variables in electric impedance tomography

A recent paper by Pendry et al (2006 Science 312 1780?2) used the coordinate invariance of Maxwell's equations to show how a region of space can be 'cloaked'?in other words, made inaccessible to electromagnetic sensing?by surrounding it with a suitable (anisotropic and heterogenous) dielectric shield. Essentially the same observation was made several years earlier by Greenleaf et al (2003 Math. Res. Lett. 10 685?93, 2003 Physiol. Meas. 24 413?9) in the closely related setting of electric impedance tomography. These papers, though brilliant, have two shortcomings: (a) the cloaks they consider are rather singular; and (b) the analysis by Greenleaf, Lassas and Uhlmann does not apply in space dimension n = 2. The present paper provides a fresh treatment that remedies these shortcomings in the context of electric impedance tomography. In particular, we show how a regular near-cloak can be obtained using a nonsingular change of variables, and we prove that the change-of-variable-based scheme achieves perfect cloaking in any dimension n ? 2.
Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage: what radiologists need to know

Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage (SPH), also known as Wunderlich’s syndrome, is a rare urological emergency. This article reviews the most common causes of SPH and the role of imaging in establishing the correct diagnosis and in guiding the appropriate therapy. A thorough understanding of underlying etiologies, imaging appearances, optimal imaging techniques, and follow-up protocols are crucial to recognize patients with SPH due to benign disease and avoid unnecessary nephrectomies.
Neonatal thyroid disease: differential expression in three successive offspring

Neonatal thyroid disease, manifested as either hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, has been described in the offspring of women with autoimmune thyroid disorders. We report clinical and laboratory observations in a mother with autoimmune thyroiditis who gave birth to three children with different forms of thyroid dysfunction. The first child was clinically normal, the second child had transient neonatal hyperthyroidism, and the third child had neonatal hypothyroidism. After the birth of the second child, the mother was found to be biochemically hypothyroid. Long-acting thyroid stimulator and antithyroid microsomal antibodies were detected in her serum. She was treated with l-T4 (0.15 mg/day). After the birth of her third child, the mother was found to have thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins and TSH-blocking inhibitory immunoglobulins in her serum. The latter also were detected in the third newborn. Six weeks later, TSH-blocking inhibitory immunoglobulins were not detected in the child, but they persisted ...
Sustainable Design and Manufacturing by Mapping Microstructure from Severe Shear Deformation in Machining

Abstract The present work offers a mapping framework to elucidate surface microstructures which effects the product design and sustainable manufacturing in essence. Machining processes involving high shear strains, strain-rates and temperatures often transform microcrystalline materials to induce dramatic refinement of surface microstructures. While this transformation is anecdotally recognized, the mappings between thermomechanics of severe deformation in machining-type conditions and resulting microstructures are still unclear. To elucidate this, we show the existence of bijective mappings to unique deformed microstructures on a Rate-Strain-Microstructure (RSM) phase-space that is parameterized as functions of strain, strain-rate and temperature. The y-axis of RSM space is the effective deformation strain and the x-axis is the Zener-Hollomon parameter, which is essentially an Arrhenius-type rate equation onto which grain sizes are projected. Then, the sustainability impacts of this achievement are discussed.
Purification and endocrine evaluation of bovine binucleate trophoblastic cells

Techniques are described for the isolation and endocrine evaluation of bovine binucleate trophoblastic cells. Cotyledons obtained from bovine placentas are enzymatically digested (trypsin) to yield a single-cell suspension. A highly enriched (90 to 100% pure) population of binucleate trophoblastic cells is obtained by density sedimentation at unit gravity through a gradient of 2 to 4% Ficoll-400 in Medium 199 using the CELSEP cell-separation system. The endocrine dynamics of this cell type can be determined in vitro through the use of specific radioimmunoassays for reproductive hormones. We describe the procedure for radioimmunoassay of progesterone in medium from short-term incubations of bovine binucleate trophoblastic cells.
Enhancement of EEG lateralizing signs in temporal lobe epilepsy: a trial of diazepam.

Abstract Reports are given of a subgroup of 13 patients with intractable seizures in whom unequivocal lateralizing signs were extremely difficult to obtain. On the basis that normal cerebral neurons react to intravenous diazepam by giving fast activity in the EEG, this simple test was given interictally in an attempt to differentiate, by computer analysis, normal and abnormal responses in the EEG. The results are reported for each patient in comparison with all other available lateralizing signs, clinical and electroencephalographic from scalp and deeply implanted electrodes, both ictally and interictally.
The Heart of Light: God as Mystery

This paper addresses two questions concerning the attribution of mystery to God. First, if Christianity is neither rationalistic nor agnostic concerning the knowledge of God, then what is the proper understanding of mystery when it is attributed to God? Second, if mystery conditions all theological thinking, how can the proper understanding of mystery be applied systematically across the full range of theological reflection? The response to the first question has three parts. First, God is incomprehensible not because we do not have access to God. God communicates God's self and we can know God's essence but we cannot comprehend God. Second, Thomas Aquinas shows us how we can know God yet God remains incomprehensible. Third, I elucidate the analogy of proper proportionality in arguing that although we do not fully know what we are talking about when we speak of God our concepts are not meaningless. In responding to the second question, I argue, in response to Karl Rahner's use of mystery in his treatment of the problem of suffering, that God's power cannot be absolute but must be related to God's goodness if one is to preserve the mystery of God across the full range of theological reflection.
Induction of cytochrome P-450 mRNAs quantitated by in vitro translation and immunoprecipitation

Abstract Cytochrome P-450 mRNAs were quantitated by in vitro translation of liver RNA followed by immunoprecipitation with antibodies specific for cytochromes P-450. The kinetics of cytochrome P-450 mRNA induction by 3-methylcholanthrene and by phenobarbital were examined, and differences in the types of cytochrome P-450 mRNAs induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), β-napthoflavone (BNF), and phenobarbital (PB) in male and female rats were determined. Phenobarbital strongly induced the mRNA encoding a single peptide antigenically related to the phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P-450PB-B. Male rat liver contained 62% more translatable mRNA for this peptide than did female. 3-Methylcholanthrene and β-napthoflavone, but not phenobarbital, induced mRNAs encoding three peptides that were immunologically related to cytochrome P-450 BNF MC-B , which is induced by 3-methylcholanthrene. The levels of translatable mRNA coding for these peptides were twice as high in females as in males. Striking sex differences were observed in the levels of translatable mRNAs for peptides related to cytochrome P-450 PB PCN-E , which is induced by phenobarbital and by pregnenolone-16-α-carbonitrile. In females, only RNA preparations from the livers of phenobarbital-treated rats had significant levels of mRNAs encoding these peptides. In contrast, significant levels of these RNAs were observed even in untreated males, and the levels of these mRNAs increased markedly following phenobarbital treatment. All cytochrome P-450 inducers examined caused a 50 to 70% decrease in translatable albumin mRNA. This effect was specific for albumin mRNA, since levels of total translatable mRNA were not generally altered by these inducers. The kinetics of induction of cytochrome P-450 mRNA differed from those of induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity. Translatable cytochrome P-450 mRNA was increased as early as 4 h after phenobarbital treatment, peaked between 24 and 36 h, and dropped back to control levels by 120 h. The induction of AHH lagged behind the increase in translatable mRNA, remaining at control levels well after levels of translatable mRNA began to increase but then decreasing roughly in parallel with translatable mRNA. These findings suggest that transcription was not rate limiting for regulation of PB-inducible cytochrome P-450 activity. 3-Methylcholanthrene caused parallel increases in AHH activity and translatable cytochrome P-450 mRNA, but when translatable mRNA began to decrease after about 24 h, AHH activity remained high, suggesting that this P-450 mRNA was less stable than the enzyme for which it coded.
HnCdTe Charge Transfer Device Focal Planes

Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MIS) detectors fabricated in HgCdTe offer significant advantages for focal plane applications. These detectors perform noise free signal intearation directly in the HoCdTe, can be formed in either n- or p-type material, do not require formation of a metallurgical junction, and are easy to interface to low power signal processing integrated circuits in silicon. Furthermore, this device technology readily facilitates the formation of charge transfer devices which perform some signal processing in the HaCdTe prior to transfer of the signal to the silicon processor.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A study of the apolar interaction of the enzyme rhodanese with octyl substituted agarose gel.

Abstract The accessibilities of sites on the surface of the enzyme rhodanese for binding to macromolecular apolarity have been measured for the two forms of the enzyme related to obligatory catalytic intermediates: the free enzyme, E and the sulfur substituted enzyme, ES. This study was done using a micromethod developed for this purpose which allows facile assessment of the apolar binding of proteins to commercially available beads of cross-linked agarose on which hydrophobic groups have been immobilized. The results indicate that the enzyme rhodanese can bind to macromolecular apolarity and that there is considerably more binding of the E form than the ES form. The fact that the binding is relatively slow implicates a protein conformational change in the rate limiting binding step. In fact, there is a large increase in the binding when the temperature is raised from 23° to 40° which correlates with previous results showing a conformational change in rhodanese over the same temperature range. These results in comparison with other solution studies and with x-ray studies are consistent with a model for rhodanese which has an apolar active site and a mechanism for catalysis that includes a conformational change.
Laser-induced incandescence: Development and characterization towards a measurement of soot-volume fraction

Laser-Induced Incandescence (LII) occurs when a high-energy pulsed laser is used to heat soot to incandescent temperatures. Theoretical calculations predict and experimental tests demonstrate the resulting incandescence to be a measure of soot-volume fraction. Practical implementation of the technique is detailed by examining the spectral character, temporal behavior, and excitation-intensity dependence of the resulting thermal emission from the laser-heated soot in both premixed and diffusion flames. Spatial and temporal capabilities of LII are demonstrated by obtaining one- and two-dimensional images of soot-volume fraction via laser-induced incandescence in both types of flames.
The effect of growth hormone on tibia glycogen content of the hypophysectomized rat.

Glycogen has been implicated in endochondral calcification by Gutman and Yu, (1950) in their studies on the effect of several specific inhibitors on the enzymes of the glycolytic system. Moreover, Marks and Shorr (1950) have shown that a, marked diminution of the in vitro calcification of cartilage slices occurs after a preliminary amolytic digestion of the glycogen present in epiphyseal cartilage. Since in the immature hypophysectomized rat ossification is markedly retarded, it was considered of interest to determine the effect of hypophysectomy on the glycogen content of actively growing bone. Furthermore, since the administration of growth hormone reactivates osteogenesis in immature hypophysectomized rats, a study was made of the effects of growth hormone treatment on the glycogen content of bone. METHODS Female rats of the Long-Evans strain were used. Normal animals twenty-one days and older had unrestricted access to Diet XIV; hypophysectomized animals were given Diet XIV and lettuce, supplemented w...
Association chains and paired-associate learning

Summary We have proposed the hypothesis that degree of remoteness of a pair of words is related to the difficulty with which that pair can be established as a paired associate. Word chains were derived by combining stimulus words with their frequent responses, and as third elements frequent responses to the second elements. Free-association norms were used for this purpose. The results indicate that the hypothesis is tenable and may be summarized in three major conclusions. (1) Pairs in which the response member has the property of being frequently emitted as a free associate to the stimulus word are learned more rapidly than pairs of words not so related. (2) Second-order associates in which the response is related to the stimulus by being a common free associate to a common free associate to the stimulus are learned more rapidly than pairs of words in which the response member has few associations with the stimulus member. (3) First-order mediated pairs are learned more rapidly than second-order mediated pairs. The results were discussed in terms of a possible general model for paired-associate learning.
Enhanced extrinsic innervation of nasal and oral chemosensory mucosae in keratin 14-NGF transgenic mice.

The role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in neurotrophic support for the extrinsic innervation of the nasal and oral mucosae was investigated in keratin 14 (K14)-NGF transgenic mice in which NGF was over-expressed in K14-synthesizing cells. K14 immunoreactivity was localized in the epithelial basal cells of the whisker pad skin, the hard palate, the floor of the ventral meatus, and the anterior tongue that are stratified squamous epithelia, and also in basal cells of the vomeronasal, olfactory, and respiratory epithelia that are non-stratified epithelia. In transgenic mice, NGF expression was identified and confined primarily to the basal cells of stratified epithelia. The nasal mucosae including the vomeronasal, olfactory, and respiratory mucosae, and the glands associated with the vomeronasal organ received a greater innervation of protein gene product 9.5-immunoreactive extrinsic fibers in transgenic animals than nontransgenic controls. An increased density of calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive extrinsic fibers was observed in the nonsensory epithelia of the vomeronasal organ, the olfactory sensory and respiratory epithelia in transgenic animals. Our results indicated that the hyperinnervation of the nasal and oral mucosae by extrinsic neurons is due at least partially to target-derived NGF synthesis and release by K14-expressing basal cells.
Rotational dynamics of quinizarin in silicate and aluminosilicate solutions, gels, and glasses

Abstract Time-resolved fluorescence depolarization measurements are used to probe chromophore orientational dynamics in alumino-silicate and silicate solutions, gels, and porous xerogel glasses. Since orientational chromophore dynamics depend on the local viscosity, these measurements are used to probe the local chromophore environment along the solution/gel/xerogel transition. The ability of quinizarin to complex aluminum leads to different chromophore rotational dynamics in the silicate and aluminosilicate solutions and gels. However, we observe little chromophore orientational motion in either of the xerogel glasses, on a timescale of the fluorescence lifetime.
Growth and Development of the Southwestern Corn Borer, Diatraea grandiosella, on a Meridic Diet

Larvae of Diatraea grandiosella Dyar (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) reared under 2 photoperiods were found to have a higher growth rate than those reared in continuous darkness. At 30°C, the highest rate of growth occurred in larvae that were between 8 and 14 days old. During this period their mean weight increased from 23 to 139 milligrams per larva. Three nutritional indices were measured for 13- to 15-day-old larvae. On average, the insect retained 44% of the meridic diet, of this 22% went for tissue synthesis. Larvae had either 5 or 6 instars, depending largely on their sex. We found that 90% of the males had only 5 instars while 68% of the females underwent an additional larval ecdysis.
Applying work team results to sports teams: Opportunities and cautions

Abstract Most of the scientific literature on team performance is based on work teams. While it is tempting to generalize these results to other types of teams, such as sports teams, one must do so with caution. There are potentially important differences between the types of teams found in the workplace and those in sports. In this manuscript, we review the state‐of‐the‐art in team performance research and explore the degree to which the results might generalize. Specifically, we consider the likely effects of two key variables: interdependence and opportunity to coordinate. Suggestions for future research are also provided
The reflection of life: functional entailment and imminence in relational biology, by A. H. Louie

… he who increases knowledge increases sorrowEcclesiastes 1:18In our days, we can read about a “Rashevsky-Rosen-Louie school of theoretical biology” (Naranjo 2011). For those active in academia, th...
Static critical behavior of annealed disordered alloys: Fe1-xVx.

M\"ossbauer measurements in the critical region of randomly disordered ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{V}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ alloys are reported. The disorder is mobile and self-annealing near the critical temperature (${T}_{C}$\ensuremath{\sim}1100 K) and shows some residual short-range order. For most of the range 0lxl0.147 the system exhibits ${T}_{C}$ rounding that is plausibly explained by compositional fluctuations within finite-sized correlation volumes of \ensuremath{\sim}(100 A\r{}${)}^{3}$. At x=0.125, where ${T}_{C}$ reaches a maximum, the transition becomes sharp and after corrections to scaling yields a critical exponent \ensuremath{\beta}=0.362(8) in the reduced temperature range 1.54\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$4.88\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. This is consistent with the critical behavior of pure Fe, annealed $^{57}\mathit{Fe}$, and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$, as well as theoretical predictions for the three-dimensional Heisenberg model.