cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plasma monitoring of the myocardial specific tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-4 after alcohol septal ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.

Abstract Background The overall goal of this study was to develop an assay procedure for measuring the relative abundance of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-4 in plasma, and then use this approach to determine dynamic changes of TIMP-4 levels in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathic (HOCM) patients after an acute myocardial infarction (MI). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to tissue remodeling and are regulated by the endogenous TIMPs. TIMP-4 is observed to be expressed in higher abundance in the myocardium when compared with other types of tissues. Recent clinical studies have measured changes in TIMP-4 levels; however, these studies have been limited to measuring this protein from myocardial tissue samples. To date, no studies have monitored TIMP-4 levels in plasma samples. Methods and Results Plasma TIMP-4 levels were examined (by semiquantitative immunoblotting) in normal (n = 18) and HOCM (n = 16) patients after alcohol-induced MI. Serial measurements of plasma TIMP-4 levels were examined up to 60 hours after alcohol-induced MI in patients with HOCM. Unglycosylated plasma TIMP-4 levels increased 250% in the HOCM patients when compared with normal controls. Total plasma TIMP-4 levels decreased by 20% at 30 hours after alcohol-induced MI. Conclusions The unique results demonstrated that an induction of a controlled MI, specifically through alcohol ablation, caused a reduction in plasma TIMP-4 levels in HOCM patients after alcohol-induced MI that would facilitate myocardial remodeling in the early post-MI setting.
Bayesian reference analysis for Gaussian Markov random fields

Gaussian Markov random fields (GMRF) are important families of distributions for the modeling of spatial data and have been extensively used in different areas of spatial statistics such as disease mapping, image analysis and remote sensing. GMRFs have been used for the modeling of spatial data, both as models for the sampling distribution of the observed data and as models for the prior of latent processes/random effects; we consider mainly the former use of GMRFs. We study a large class of GMRF models that includes several models previously proposed in the literature. An objective Bayesian analysis is presented for the parameters of the above class of GMRFs, where explicit expressions for the Jeffreys (two versions) and reference priors are derived, and for each of these priors results on posterior propriety of the model parameters are established. We describe a simple MCMC algorithm for sampling from the posterior distribution of the model parameters, and study frequentist properties of the Bayesian inferences resulting from the use of these automatic priors. Finally, we illustrate the use of the proposed GMRF model and reference prior for studying the spatial variability of lip cancer cases in the districts of Scotland over the period 1975-1980.
Micromagnetic calculations of ferromagnetic resonance in submicron ferromagnetic particles

Micromagnetic simulations of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectrum of submicron circular ferromagnetic particles show a number of well-defined absorption peaks as a function of the applied dc magnetic field. In addition to a single large peak due to the uniform mode of precession, smaller peaks are observed on both sides of the uniform mode peak, corresponding to nonuniform or spin-wave modes of precession. The positions of these peaks are a function of particle size. Simulations of the FMR spectrum with and without exchange interactions show that the primary contribution to the energy of the spin-wave modes with absorption peaks at magnetic fields smaller than the uniform mode peak is from exchange interactions, whereas the primary contribution to the energy of the spin-wave modes above the uniform resonance mode arises from dipolar interactions, although all spin-wave modes have some contributions from both types of interactions.
Optical and pharmacological stimulation of visual cortical neurones.

Krnjevic and Phillis1,2 and others3,1 have reported that only about 10–20% of all cerebral cortical neurones can be influenced by the micro-iontophoretic administration of acetylcholine (ACh). Neurones excited by this substance were probably all pyramidal cells in the deeper layers of the cortex, but cells inhibited by ACh were often found in the more superficial layers4. That excitability by ACh is peculiar to a restricted class of neurones could mean that these cells receive synaptic connexions from a specialized pathway which is not shared by the remainder of the cortical cell population and which path could determine their functional role.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in the intrapulmonary bronchus

A 63-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of a coin lesion in the intrapulmonary bronchus. The patient had no symptoms such as cough or sputum. Imaging studies showed that the tumor was present in the S10b,c of the right lung. There was no metastasis or salivary gland tumor. Transbronchial tumor biopsy revealed a primary adenoid cystic carcinoma. The patient underwent a lobectomy, and has been well since the operation. This is an uncommon case of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the intrapulmonary bronchus.
Radiation-induced changes in long-term survivors of childhood cancer after treatment with radiation therapy

Summary This article has provided an account of the delayed effects after successful treatment for childhood cancer. Particular emphasis has been placed on sequelae induced by radiation therapy. Chemotherapy-related complications that may simulate or aggravate these sequelae also are recorded. The alterations induced by radiation therapy and chemotherapy are not limited to the organs and tissues described in this article. Subtle, and at times psychologically devastating, sequelae also may be encountered (eg, sterility due to radiation and chemotherapeutic effects on the gonads). However, an attempt has been made only to identify those complications that may be more readily detected by means of radiographic studies. It is recommended that ongoing surveillance of the long-term successfully treated childhood cancer survivor be conducted in order to detect such complications. Early detection will assist in implementing appropriate treatment, minimizing delayed effects, and maximizing the quality of life. Periodic radiographic studies of previously radiated areas at regular intervals therefore appears appropriate.
The acetylcholine receptors of the semicircular canal in the frog (Rana pipiens)

Abstract We present preliminary evidence that acetylcholine has three distinct modes of action on the discharge rate of afferent fibers from the frog isolated semicircular canal. These are: (I) a facilitatory effect which is of mixed muscarinic-nicotinic type and is mediated by a receptor which we call “atropine-preferring”; (II) a suppressive effect unmasked by atropine and antagonized by strychnine whose action is mediated by a “strychnine-preferring” receptor; (III) a suppressive effect produced by the cholinesterase inhibitors eserine and echothiophate, which being antagonized by curare, is mediated by a “curare-preferring” receptor.
High resolution fluorescence-based temperature sensor for stand-off detection in physiological range

Fluorescence ratiometric temperature sensing system for stand-off temperature measurements in the physiological range is presented. It is based on the use of fluorescence dyes and an integrating photodetector system. The system is intended for use in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). It utilizes a measurement and a reference fluorescence dyes encapsulated in a film. Fluorescence is excited using LEDs and the emission is detected using photodiodes equipped with optical band pass filters. The current generated by the photodiodes is integrated and the charge is digitized. The fluorescence intensity is calculated as the difference in the measured intensities when the LED is on or off. The ratio of the two emission intensities depends linearly on the temperature. The system operates under room-light illumination with resolution <;0.1°C at a rate 1 sample per second. It is capable to better suppress the influence of the ambient light intensity as compared with previous camera based systems.
A Comparison of Textures Measured Using X-Ray and Electron Backscatter Diffraction

Shortly after the initial development of an automated technique for measuring individual crystallographic orientations using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), several studies were undertaken to estimate the number of single orientation measurements necessary to achieve the statistics of more conventional texture measurement techniques such as pole figure measurement using X-ray diffraction. Since those early studies, the speed of modern EBSD systems has increased by nearly two orders of magnitude. Thus, the question of statistical reliability relative to X-ray diffraction measurements deserves revisiting. This investigation reconsiders the statistical variances between textures measured using individual orientation measurements and those measured using X-ray diffraction. In particular, textures measured by EBSD and X-ray diffraction in rolled stainless steel and in threaded steel rods are compared. Using comparisons of intensities in the orientation distribution functions (ODFs), volume fractions of key texture components and observed sample symmetry suggest that approximately 10,000 grain orientations need to be sampled in these materials of moderate texture strength.
Nutritional effects on precursor uptake and compartmentalization of intracellular pools in relation to RNA synthesis.

Abstract The effects of nutritional variables on the processing of exogenous precursors into RNA was examined. General nutritional deprivation, or asparagine depletion, led to significant changes in the absolute pool sizes, especially of ATP, UTP and CTP. Fluctuations were found depending on the elapsed time after the nutritional perturbations occurred, and the cell density of the cultures. Depletion of the medium by 28 h of growth, or 1 h of guinea pig asparaginase action, led to considerable inhibition of the conversion of exogenous uridine to CTP by the cells. A series of experiments indicated that in 6C3HED lymphoma cells the uridine nucleotide pool which provides the immediate precursors to RNA (denoted UTPN A) behaves as a small compartment in rapid equilibrium with exogenously supplied nucleosides. The resemblance to the compartmentation model described by Plagemann (Plagemann, P.G.W. (1972) J. Cell Biol. 52, 131–146 and (1971) J. Cell. Physiol. 77, 241–258) for rat hepatoma cells was close. The UTPN A pool of the 6C3HED cells constitutes no more than 5% of the cellular UTP pool and is relatively slow in equilibrating with the general cell pool. Correction of the rates of incorporation of isotope into RNA by using some function of the whole cell UTP specific activity to normalize the pool effects, was shown to be invalid.
Triplet State Mechanism for Diphenylamine Photoionization1

The photoionization of diphenylamine has been studied using both one- and two-laser flash photolysis in acetonitrile, alcohols, and aqueous solvent mixtures with the aim of elucidating the role of ...
Calculation of solid-liquid equilibrium and crystallization paths for melt crystallization processes

A model is developed for calculating solid-liquid phase equilibria of compound-forming systems. The method treats the compound as a new component containing stoichiometric amounts of the constituent species. The overall method is quite easy to implement and successfully reproduces the phase diagrams for a variety of complex mixtures, including organic melt systems and compound semiconductor systems. This technique is used as the basis for calculating crystallization path maps for ternary equilibrium crystallizers in which both compounds and eutectics occur. Crystallization path maps are similar to residue curve maps in VLE systems, and help to determine overall system behavior especially with regard to feasibility and design of melt crystallization processes.
Reduction of escapee formation in flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subsets

Most experienced flow cytometrists performing immunophenotyping of lymphocyte subsets are aware of the escape phenomenon, in which some positive cells are found outside a lymphocyte gate based on forward and right angle scatter. However, little information is available on the levels of escapees formed with different antibodies, the roles of fluorochromes and lysing agents, the mechanism explaining the phenomenon, or methods to reduce it. We thus performed a systematic analysis of the escapee phenomenon to clarify these issues. A panel of monoclonal antibodies, including a phycoerythrin (PE) conjugate and a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugate of the same antibody from one manufacturer, was used to treat whole blood specimens, after which red cells were lysed using 0.15 M ammonium chloride (AmChl). The percentages of gated lymphocytes expressing CD3, CD8, CD19, and HLA-DR, but not CD2, CD4, CD16, and CD25, were significantly lower in FITC-stained versus PE-stained preparations. Correlated analysis of green fluorescence and forward scatter showed that, on average, 18% of CD3+ events, 24% of CD8+ events, and 25% of CD19+ events were escapees when using the FITC conjugate. In dual color analysis, CD3+ escapees were positive for CD62-P, CD13, and CD14, indicating that the escapee events consisted of FITC-anti-CD3-coated lymphocytes complexed with platelet-coated myeloid cells. In studies of the role of lysing agent, essentially no escapees were found in specimens treated with FACS lysing solution, which contains formaldehyde. We therefore included a similar denaturing agent, paraformaldehyde (0.1%), in the AmChl lysing agent, and found that the occurrence of escapees was markedly reduced. These findings show that the escapee phenomenon occurs when using some FITC-conjugated monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with AmChl lysing agent, and can be reduced by inclusion of paraformaldehyde in the lysing agent.
Locally increased mortality of gamma-irradiated cells in presence of lanthanide-halide nanoparticles

Cerium-doped lanthanum fluoride colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) offer a way to improve radiation therapy through the enhanced absorption of high-energy photons. The use of Monte Carlo simulation allows the direct calculation of the macroscopic dose enhancement factor (MDEF), a figure of merit for NC-enhanced radiation therapy. Our simulations of brachytherapy using an Ir-192 source agree with previous work on the subject for gold NCs and show effectiveness of LaF 3 :10%Ce NCs to be approximately 50% that of gold. Polyethylene-glycol-capped LaF 3 :10%Ce NCs were synthesized, isolated, suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and characterized with transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and absorption spectroscopy. LaF3:10%Ce NCs were used in radiation dose enhancement experiments that involved an incoming 662 keV gamma flux from dual Cs-137 sources to test the mortality of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . At a small loading of 1.8 mg NC/g of PBS, the experiment did not produce a measurable increased mortality. To understand the results, additional Monte Carlo simulations revealed that the photon energy of 662 keV gamma rays is far from optimal, providing only a 4% increase in dose for a concentration of 18 mg of NCs / g of PBS. Further simulations showed that the optimal photon energy for this technique is 60 keV, tripling the absorbed dose for a concentration of 18 mg of NCs / g of PBS.
From Cosmos to Connectomes: The Evolution of Data-Intensive Science

The analysis of data requires computation: originally by hand and more recently by computers. Different models of computing are designed and optimized for different kinds of data. In data-intensive science, the scale and complexity of data exceeds the comfort zone of local data stores on scientific workstations. Thus, cloud computing emerges as the preeminent model, utilizing data centers and high-performance clusters, enabling remote users to access and query subsets of the data efficiently. We examine how data-intensive computational systems originally built for cosmology, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), are now being used in connectomics, at the Open Connectome Project. We list lessons learned and outline the top challenges we expect to face. Success in computational connectomics would drastically reduce the time between idea and discovery, as SDSS did in cosmology.
The Role of Light in Cold Acclimation of Hedera helix L. var. Thorndale.

The role of light in cold acclimation of Hedera helix L. var. Thorndale appears to differ from that reported for winter annuals. Although light greatly enhances the degree of hardiness attained, cold acclimation is not obligatorily linked to a light requirement. Photoperiods, varying from 8 to 24 hours, received during the cold acclimation period were equally effective in promoting maximum hardiness. Relatively low light intensities and short photoperiods stimulated maximum hardiness, and proportional increases in hardiness in response to increased photoperiods were demonstrated only in stems of prestarved plants. Exclusion of CO2 and high concentrations of photosynthetic inhibitors decreased hardiness, but in no instance was hardiness reduced to the level of the dark control. The data are only compatible with a photosynthetic role of light if it is assumed that only a small portion of the total photosynthates are required to elicit maximum hardiness. Alternatively, the light stimulation which was elicited by low light intensities, short photoperiods, in the absence of CO2, and in the presence of photosynthetic inhibitors, may be a light signal similar to a phytochrome response.
An Experimental Approach to the Problem of Articulation in Aphasia

Summary A phonetic analysis was made of speech production in five patients with major residual deficits in articulation following remission of more widespread disturbances of verbal expression. The findings demonstrate major disturbance of speech production at the most molecular level. Maximal difficulty in articulation occurred at the beginning portion of words. Consonant sounds were much more often misarticulated than vowel sounds. Fricative and affricate consonants and certain linked groups of consonants were the most often affected of all sounds of speech. Phonetic simplifications typical of young children were observed less frequently than other errors which are not found in children's speech nor in the speech of adults with defects of the articulatory structures. Systematic observation of speech in phonetic disintegration may well contribute new understanding of the fundamental processes of speech production.
Making SENSE: Strategies for Engineering Negligible Senescence Evolutionarily

ABSTRACT Thirty years ago, in 1977, few biologists thought that it would be possible to increase the maximum life span characteristic of each species over the variety of environmental conditions in which they live, whether in nature or in the laboratory. But the evolutionary theory of aging suggested otherwise. Accordingly, experiments were performed with fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, which showed that manipulation of the forces of natural selection over a number of generations could substantially slow the rate of aging, both demographically and physiologically. After this first transgression of the supposedly absolute limits to life extension, it was suggested that mammals too could be experimentally evolved to have greater life spans and slower aging. And further, it was argued that such postponed-aging mammals could be used to reverse-engineer a slowing of human aging. The subsequent discovery and theoretical explanation of mortality-rate plateaus revealed that aging was not due to the progress...
Continuous Vacuum Drying of Whole Milk Foam. II. Modified Procedure

Abstract A modified procedure is described whereby heat and mass transfer are improved in the continuous vacuum foam drying of whole milk. It results in superior products largely as a consequence of lower heat damage and shorter drying times. The technique involves controlling the degree of subsidence of a foam film during drying by manipulating process variables, particularly the vacuum in the drying chamber. Two major problems encountered during the development of controlled foam subsidence were rehydration of the dried foam due to high humidity conditions during the latter drying stages—now overcome—and the variable seasonal foaming properties of milk—yet to be solved. The modified procedure yields products of excellent flavor and dispersibility at rates which, if obtained year-round commercially, would permit the profitable sale at less per reconstituted quart than fluid milk in the store. Currently, work is being directed toward overcoming the seasonal variability problem and maximizing of the product rate while maintaining product quality.
Predicting motor vehicle collisions using Bayesian neural network models: An empirical analysis

Statistical models have frequently been used in highway safety studies. They can be utilized for various purposes, including establishing relationships between variables, screening covariates and predicting values. Generalized linear models (GLM) and hierarchical Bayes models (HBM) have been the most common types of model favored by transportation safety analysts. Over the last few years, researchers have proposed the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) model for modeling the phenomenon under study. Compared to GLMs and HBMs, BPNNs have received much less attention in highway safety modeling. The reasons are attributed to the complexity for estimating this kind of model as well as the problem related to "over-fitting" the data. To circumvent the latter problem, some statisticians have proposed the use of Bayesian neural network (BNN) models. These models have been shown to perform better than BPNN models while at the same time reducing the difficulty associated with over-fitting the data. The objective of this study is to evaluate the application of BNN models for predicting motor vehicle crashes. To accomplish this objective, a series of models was estimated using data collected on rural frontage roads in Texas. Three types of models were compared: BPNN, BNN and the negative binomial (NB) regression models. The results of this study show that in general both types of neural network models perform better than the NB regression model in terms of data prediction. Although the BPNN model can occasionally provide better or approximately equivalent prediction performance compared to the BNN model, in most cases its prediction performance is worse than the BNN model. In addition, the data fitting performance of the BPNN model is consistently worse than the BNN model, which suggests that the BNN model has better generalization abilities than the BPNN model and can effectively alleviate the over-fitting problem without significantly compromising the nonlinear approximation ability. The results also show that BNNs could be used for other useful analyses in highway safety, including the development of accident modification factors and for improving the prediction capabilities for evaluating different highway design alternatives.
Unsteady Couette granular flows

Unsteady Couette granular flows are investigated both theoretically and by the means of the discrete element method (DEM). Theoretical formulation of the problem is based on the kinetic theory for smooth, nearly elastic particles. The resulting boundary value problem is solved numerically for two particular types of flows: (a) transient Couette flows, in which the wall velocity instantaneously changes from one constant value to another, and (b) cyclic Couette flows, in which the wall velocity is a harmonic function of time. The behavior of granular fluids in these flows is found to critically depend on the ratios of time scales that characterize the rate of change of the wall velocity and processes of momentum diffusion and energy relaxation. The limiting case in which the momentum diffusion time scale is much smaller than the energy relaxation time scale is also analyzed analytically by perturbation methods. In this limit granular materials behave as nearly incompressible non-Newtonian fluids. Hence, und...
Factors affecting aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed I. Contamination of cottonseed withAspergillus flavus at harvest and during storage

Examination of cottonseed production has shown that boll weevils (Anthonomus grandis), boll rots, and improper handling and storage conditions are critical factors inAspergillus flavus contamination of cotton-seed.A. flavus cultures were isolated from both field-collected and laboratory emerged boll weevils, as well as from boll weevil emergence holes. Diseased cotton bolls have been found to containA. flavus conidia. Infection byA. flavus was limited to the surface of cottonseeds collected from gin and from the gin blower. Seeds improperty stored outside the gin were infected internally withA. flavus. Observation of bright greenish-yellow fluorescence was not useful as a diagnostic procedure to detect contaminated seeds. Aflatoxin-producing potential ofA. flavus isolates is being investigated. WhenA. flavus conidia were artifically inoculated onto the surface of the seeds, 87% of the seeds from Athens, GA, were internally infected whereas only 29% of the seeds from Macon, GA, were internally infected.A. flavus invade the cottonseed embryo through the chalazal region, the micropylar region, or cracks developed in the seed coat during ginning. Invasion of cottonseed byA. flavus was predominant at 28, 30, and 37 C while at 15 and 20 C other fungi dominated in surface and internal invasions of cottonseed. At relative humidities of 75% and 80%,Chaetomium spp. successfully competed in growth on the surface, while at a relative humidity of 90% and above, fungi belonging to the orderMucorales outgrewA. flavus.
Molecular Dynamics of Water-Mediated Interactions of a Linear Benzimidazole−Biphenyl Diamidine with the DNA Minor Groove

DB921 has a benzimidazole−biphenyl system with terminal amidines that gives the compound a linear conformation with a radius of curvature that does not match the DNA minor groove shape. Surprisingly, the compound binds in the groove with an unusually high equilibrium constant [Miao, Y.; Lee, M. P. H.; Parkinson, G. N.; Batista-Parra, A.; Ismail, M. A.; Neidle, S.; Boykin, D. W.; Wilson, W. D. Biochemistry 2005, 44, 14701−14708]. X-ray crystallographic analysis of DB921 bound to −AATT− in d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 showed that the benzimidazole is in position to directly interact with bases at the floor of the groove, while the phenylamidine of DB921 forms indirect contacts with the bases through an interfacial water. The DB921−water pair forms a curved, flexible module with a high Ka (or a low Kd) value of binding. To better understand the dynamics of the DB921−DNA complex and how water can be used in the design of compounds to recognize DNA, a 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation of the complex was conducted. In a...
Peritoneal surface disease from colorectal cancer: Comparison with the hepatic metastases surgical paradigm in optimally resected patients

Background Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for colorectal hepatic metastases (HM). In contrast, metastatic disease to the peritoneum is treated with systemic therapy. We examined our experience with cytoreductive surgery (CS) and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) for peritoneal surface disease (PSD) compared with liver resection for HM.
THE EFFECTS OF ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR ON THE TYPE-2 FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE'

Holling's (1959) disc equation is the most commonly used model of a type-2 functional response. The constant-parameter version of this model makes three assump- tions that are seldom likely to be satisfied: (i) attack rate per unit search time per unit prey density is independent of prey density; (ii) handling time is independent of prey density; and (iii) the relative rates of successful and unsuccessful attack are independent of prey density. Optimal foraging theory is used to suggest how each of these components of the predation process might depend on prey density. Explorations of simple models suggest that these types of adaptive variation are often consistent with type-2 responses, but generally result in shapes that differ significantly from the disc equation. The consequence of using a constant-parameter disc equation model when it is inappropriate is limited ability to predict functional responses in altered circumstances, for example, in the presence of a second prey. The potential ability to understand multispecies systems from their subcomponents cannot be assessed unless appropriate models of the functional response are used to describe the component systems; these models are likely to include adaptive behavior.
Ethnic differences in the ST segment of the electrocardiogram: A comparative study among six ethnic groups

Deviation of the ST segment of the electrocardiogram (ECG) may signify infarction or ischemia. Prior studies suggest that normal ECG patterns may differ among ethnic groups. We retrospectively reviewed the first thousand medical files of a multiethnic community, where all individuals shared similar living conditions. Only healthy adults, aged 15 to 60 years, were included. Along with age, the most common causes for exclusion were diabetes, hypertension, and ischemic heart disease. A total of 597 subjects (349 men) were included: 350 Saudi Arabians, 39 Filipinos, 95 Indians, 17 Sri-Lankans, and 57 Caucasians. Twenty men and one woman had an ECG pattern of early repolarization (ST segment elevation with upward concavity, notching on QRS, and large symmetrical T wave), with no difference in incidence among ethnic groups. ST segment elevation (2 mm in any of the leads V1-V4, or 1 mm in any of the other leads) without criteria of early repolarization occurred in 11.58%, 13.46%, 3.57%, 4.35%, 11.76%, 7.32% of Saudi, Indian, Jordanian, Filipino, SriLankan, and Caucasian men, respectively ( P .61). Only one Jordanian and 2 Indian women had this pattern. However, Filipino men had higher median ST segment levels than others in leads V1 and V3. Among women, the median ST segment level was iso-electric in all leads in all ethnic groups. Only 3 subjects had ST segment depression >1 mm. Significant ST segment elevation is common in normal healthy men but may not fulfill criteria for early repolarization; it has no ethnic predilection. ST segment elevation is uncommon in normal women. ST segment depression is a rare finding in healthy adults regardless of ethnic origin. (Am J Emerg Med 2001;19:541-544. Copyright
The visible spectra of solvated copper(II) ions in anhydrous picoline solutions

Abstract The visible spectra of anhydrous solutions of copper(II) nitrate and perchlorate in 2-picoline, 3-picoline and 4-picoline have been investigated at various concentrations. It has been found to be possible to give a rather detailed picture of the solute in these solutions by means of ligand field theory arguments. The spectra are found to be very sensitive to ion-pair formation.
Sri Lanka: The Challenge of Postwar Peace Building, State Building, and Nation Building

Sri Lanka's ethnic war that lasted over 25 years produced a militarized country, political fragmentation, deep ethnic division, poor governance, and a weak economy. Reconciliation, peace building, and transformation of the politics and economy are essential for Sri Lanka to recover. However, prospects are not as good as they could be. Its major Western trading partners and donors are unhappy with the country's human rights record. The government is further strengthening the military. The current leadership is using the undemocratic institutions and practices of governance that the war created. Two-thirds of the people who have known little other than war, poor governance, and patronage politics may take a long time to realize their responsibility to pressure the rulers to mend their ways.
The Metaphysics of Irreducibility

We do not believe that the reasons which have been offered of late for rejecting non-reductive materialism should be accepted. The reasons for which reductive accounts were largely abandoned remain good ones, and non-reductive materialism remains the most satisfying and sensible account of the relationship among the special sciences.
A premctive model of group panic behavior

(1978). A premctive model of group panic behavior. Journal of Applied Communication Research: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 3-9.
K+, osmolality and subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow

The effect of local changes in potassium concentrations and levels of osmolality on vascular resistance in subcutaneous adipose tissue was studied. Twenty-two dogs were studied using the isolated, innervated and reservoir perfused (constant flow) inguinal fat pad. It was found that increases in plasma osmolality produced an inconsistent and slight change in fat pad vascular resistance (FPVR) while an increase in potassium concentration within the physiological range produced consistent but only mild vasodilatation. However, in every instance, the combination of increased potassium concentration with increased osmolality produced a degree of vasodilatation that was greater than would be predicted from the simple addition of the individual effects of high potassium alone and increased osmolality alone. Pressure-flow curves done using normal blood, hyperosmolar blood, and combined hyperkalemic and hyperosmolar blood further supported these findings. These data indicate that the potassium ion and the level of plasma osmolality can both cause vascular smooth muscle relaxation in subcutaneous adipose tissue and, as well, that these two “non-specific” factors can interact to produce even greater vasodilatation.
The derivation of postverbal subjects: Evidence from agrammatic aphasia

The study reported in this paper appeals to data from agrammatic aphasia to confront two competing analyses of the derivation of postverbal subjects in languages which permit free inversion. In one of the analyses, postverbal subjects are derived by movement, while in the other, they are base-generated in situ. According to a prominent hypothesis which attempts to explain the pattern of sparing and loss in agrammatism in terms of current linguistic theory, the only syntactic deficit is the loss of trace. This movement-derived ‘trace-deletion’ hypothesis has been successful in predicting what agrammatics can and cannot comprehend. In the present study, these predictions are first of all confirmed for Spanish-speaking agrammatics on a range of structures for which predictions are identical under both movement and non-movement analyses. These structures serve as a control, establishing that the claims of the trace-deletion hypothesis are valid. They pave the way for the critical test of the VS passive, the only structure for which the competing analyses yield different predictions. Agrammatic data on the VS passive are used to adjudicate between the competing analyses. Since agrammatic subjects perform randomly on VS passives, it is concluded that the postverbal subject is derived by movement.
The Anti‐Historicism of Professor Schumpeter*

was invited to contribute a systematic statement on "theory." Joseph A. Schumpeter undertook to furnish a sketch of the history of doctrine and methods. The "sketch" was the Epochen der Dogman und Methodengeschichte,l which has been made available to English readers. The History of Economic Analysis, a posthumous publication, is an outgrowth and expansion of the older essay. Economic Doctrine and Method deals with the progress of economics as a science and particularly with the historical sequence in which economic theories have developed. Successive doctrines are viewed as progressive expansions, clarifications and refinements of one another in an evolution toward a 'pure' science of economics. But the main theme of the book is that the succession of economic doctrines is to be understood wholly in terms of the 'internal' logical requirements of the theories themselves and without reference to 'external' influences of contemporary thought and problems of the economic world. Economics has a history in the sense of an immanent intellectual development, and this development is independent of the social situation and the pressure of public needs. It is because Schumpeter separates the form and content of economic theory from the political and social process that his approach may be characterized as unhistorical. The development of economics as a science and the historical sequence of doctrines is little influenced by group interests and class conflict. It is not with the social origins of economic theories that Schumpeter is concerned, or with their functional adequacy, but with their internal structure and logical continuity. Schumpeter's methodological formalism leads to a separation of theory
Life Review Through Meditative Journaling

ABSTRACT I offer techniques and reflections for conducting workshops on life review through meditative journaling. Life review is a valuable way to encounter one's own aging. We explore simple forms of guided imagery meditation, modes of brief journaling, and ways of sharing resulting thoughts and feelings among participants. Two approaches, the developmental and the topical, are discussed. The developmental leads participants from earliest memories through youth, middle age and later years. The topical approach centers on negative and positive issues in the aging process. The meditative, journaling method can foster greater self-awareness and solidarity with persons facing similar issues.
Christian America? Understanding the Link between Church and Attitudes and 'Being American' among Latino Immigrants

In recent decades, Evangelical churches in the U.S. have expanded their outreach to Latino immigrants, seeking to incorporate these new Americans into their churches. We examine the implications of this movement by examining the impact of Evangelical and Catholic Church participation on Latino immigrant’s conceptions of what it means to be ‘fully American.’ Relying on the 2006 Latino National Survey, we find that church attendance significantly impacts immigrants’ attitudes towards American identity. Specifically, the results indicate that membership in Evangelical and Protestant churches increases the extent to which Latino immigrants believe Christianity to be a critical part of being American, while Catholic church membership has little effect. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings.
Abstract LB-10: Defective nucleolar localization and dominant interfering properties of a parafibromin L95P missense mutant causing the hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC The hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT) is a familial cancer syndrome that results from germline loss-of-function mutation of HRPT2/CDC73, a putative tumor suppressor gene that encodes parafibromin, a component of the transcriptional regulatory PAF1 complex with homology to the yeast protein Cdc73p. The vast majority of HRPT2/CDC73 germline mutations identified have been truncation or frameshift mutations, and loss-of-function due to missense mutation is rare. We report here a kindred with HPT-JT due to a germline L95P missense mutation in parafibromin. The mutant parafibromin was studied in vitro to understand the basis of its presumed loss-of-function. When transfected in cultured cells the L95P mutant was expressed to a lower level than wild-type parafibromin, a difference that was not overcome by inhibition of the proteasome degradation pathway. The L95P mutant parafibromin retained the ability to assemble with endogenous PAF1 complex components as evidenced by co-immunoprecipitation. Analysis of subcellular localization showed that the L95P mutant was markedly deficient in nucleolar localization compared to the wild-type, an impairment likely resulting from disruption of a nucleolar localization signal immediately upstream of the L95P mutation. Transfection of the L95P parafibromin mutant, but not the wild type, increased HEK 293 cell survival and stimulated cell-cycle progression in NIH-3T3 cells, properties that appear to result from dominant interference with endogenous parafibromin signaling pathways. The simultaneous loss of nucleolar localization and acquisition of a growth stimulatory phenotype with the L95P mutation raise the possibility that parafibromin must interact with targets in the nucleolus to fully execute its tumor suppressor functions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-10.
Effect of acute and chronic cholinesterase inhibition on biogenic amines in rat brain.

The effects of five cholinesterase inhibitors on forebrain monoamine and their metabolite levels, and on forebrain and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity in rat were studied in acute and chronic conditions. Acute tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) dosing caused lower brain (68%) and higher plasma (90%) ChE inhibition than the other drugs studied increased levels of brain dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) (236%), homovanillic acid (HVA) (197%) and 5-hydroxyindolaecetic acid (5-HIAA) (130%). Acute physostigmine (PHY) administration caused a 215% increase in brain DOPAC content. Despite high brain ChE inhibition induced by metrifonate (MTF), dichlorvos (DDVP) or naled no changes in brain noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) or serotonin (5-HT) occurred due to treatment with the study drugs in the acute study. In the chronic 10-day study THA or PHY caused no substantial ChE inhibition in brain when measured 18 hours after the last dose, whereas MTF induced 74% ChE inhibition. Long-term treatment with THA or MTF caused no changes in monoamine levels, but PHY treatment resulted in slightly increased 5-HT values. These results suggest that MTF, DDVP and naled seem to act solely by cholinergic mechanisms. However, the central neuropharmacological mechanism of action of THA and PHY may involve changes in cholinergic as well as dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems.
Cyclic ratchetting of 1070 steel under multiaxial stress states

Abstract Cyclic ratchetting behavior of 1070 steel is studied under proportional and nonproportional loading with specific emphasis on the ratchetting rate decay mechanisms for large numbers of loading cycles. Under proportional loading, where the principal stress directions are unchanged, the ratchetting evolves in the mean stress direction. Under nonproportional loading, however, the ratchetting direction is determined by the loading path and can be different from the mean stress direction. The ratchetting rate decreases with increasing loading cycles, displaying a power law relationship with the number of loading cycles. The experimental ratchetting results indicate that under cyclic loading the material exhibits a tendency toward complying with a linear hardening rule with concomitant hysteresis loop closure. Based on the fundamental framework of plasticity theory and detailed evaluation of the stress-strain behaviors, the ratchetting can be classified into two basic types; Type I, which is identifiable with proportional loading where the ratchetting is due to the different values of the plastic modulus function at the symmetric loading points with respect to the mean stress state, and Type II, which represents nonproportional loading where the ratchetting is driven by the noncoincidence of the plastic strain rate vector and the translation direction of the yield surface (backstress rate vector). The Armstrong-Frederick-based plasticity models modified by Chaboche et al . and Bower are ill-suited for describing the experimental results of both types of ratchetting. The Ohno-Wang model, which introduces a threshold concept, can account for the ratchetting rate decay of Type II ratchetting, providing results that agree with experimental observations. Modification may be needed for the Ohno-Wang model so that the model can better describe Type I ratchetting.
Electron microscopic studies of bovine progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy in brown Swiss cattle.

Summary Selected peripheral nerves from animals affected with Bovine Progressive Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy (BPDME) were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Changes in axons were both degenerative and reactive in nature and included axonal swelling in conjunction with accumulation of altered organelles and various forms of vesicles. Affected axoplasm was often vacuolated and shrunken, with loss of microtubules and microfilaments and separation of the axoplasmic membrane from the myelin sheath. Segmental disorganization of the normal lamellar pattern of myelin sheaths was observed. Affected myelin sheaths exhibited intramyelinic vacuoles or myelin bubbles often in association with concurrent axonal changes. Schwann cells occasionally contained swellen and vacuolated mitochondria and membrane-bound vesicles. Axonal and myelin changes were considered similar, if not identical, to those described in the central nervous system of affected animals reported in the literature. Collectively, the changes described in the axons and myelin sheaths of the peripheral nerves studied were considered to be compatible with the “dying back” process described in various distal axonopathies. A metabolic defect in the enzyme systems associated with axonal transport was postulated to explain these peripheral nerve lesions.
Estimation of the high-latitude topside electron heat flux using DMSP plasma density measurements

Abstract The high-latitude ionosphere interfaces with the hot, tenuous, magnetospheric plasma, and a heat flow into the ionosphere is expected, which has a large impact on the plasma densities and temperatures in the high-latitude ionosphere. The value of this magnetospheric heat flux is unknown. In an effort to estimate the value of the magnetospheric heat flux into the high-latitude ionosphere, and show its effect on the high-latitude ionospheric plasma densities, we ran an ensemble of model runs using the Ionosphere Forecast Model (IFM) with different values of the heat flux through the upper boundary. These model runs included heating from both auroral and solar sources. Then, for each heat flux value, the plasma densities obtained from the model runs, at 840 km, were compared to the corresponding values measured by the DMSP F13 satellite. The heat flux value that gave the best comparison between the measured and calculated plasma densities was considered to be the best estimate for the topside heat flux. The comparison was conducted for a 1-year data set of the DMSP F13 measured plasma densities (4300 consecutive orbits). Our systematic IFM/DMSP plasma density comparisons indicate that when a zero magnetospheric downward heat flux is assumed at the upper boundary of the IFM model, on the average, the IFM underestimates the measured plasma densities by a factor of 2. A good IFM/DMSP plasma density comparison was achieved for each month in 1998 when for each month a constant heat flux was assumed at the upper boundary of the model. For the 12-month period, the heat flux values that gave the best IFM/DMSP plasma density comparisons varied on the average from −0.5×10 10 to −1.5×10 10 eV cm −2 s −1 .
Subtype-selective nicotinic receptor antagonists: potential as tobacco use cessation agents.

Abstract N-n-Alkylpicolinium and N,N′-alkyl-bis-picolinium analogues were assessed in nicotinic receptor (nAChR) assays. The most potent and subtype-selective analogue, N,N′-dodecyl-bis-picolinium bromide (bPiDDB), inhibited nAChRs mediating nicotine-evoked [3H]dopamine release (IC50=5 nM; Imax of 60%), and did not interact with α4β2* or α7* nAChRs. bPiDDB represents the current lead compound for development as a tobacco use cessation agent.