cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HELIUM-3 AND BORON-10 CONCENTRATION AND DEPTH MEASUREMENTS IN ALLOYS AND SEMICONDUCTORS USING NDP

Abstract Neutron Depth Profiling (NDP) is a nondestructive near surface technique that is used to measure concentration versus absolute depth of several isotopes of light mass elements in various substrates. NDP is based on absorption reaction of thermal neutrons with the isotope of interest. Charged particles and recoil atoms are generated in the reaction. The depth profiles are determined by measuring the residual energy of the charged particles or the recoil atoms. The NDP technique has became an increasingly important method to measure depth profiles of 3 He and 10 B in alloys and semiconductor materials. A permanent NDP facility has been installed on the tangential beam port of the University of Texas (UT) TRIGA Mark-II research reactor. One of the standard applications of the UT-NDP facility involves the determination of boron profiles of borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) samples. NDP is also being used in combination with electron microscopy measurements to determine radiation damage and microstructural changes in stainless steel samples. This is done to study the long-term effects of high-dose alpha irradiation for weapons grade plutonium encapsulation. Measurements of implanted boron-10 concentration and depth profiles of semiconductor materials in order to calibrate commercial implanters is another application at the UT-NDP facility. The concentration and depth profiles measured with NDP and SIMS are compared with reported data given by various vendors or different implanters in order to verify implant quality of semiconductor wafers. The results of the measurements and other possible applications of NDP are presented.
MetaML and Multi-Stage Programming with Explicit Annotations

We introduce MetaML, a practically-motivated, statically-typed multi-stage programming language. MetaML is a ``real'''' language. We have built an implementation and used it to solve multi-stage problems. % MetaML allows the programmer to construct, combine, and execute code fragments in a type-safe manner. Code fragments can contain free variables, but they obey the static-scoping principle. MetaML performs type-checking for all stages once and for all before the execution of the first stage. % Certain anomalies with our first MetaML implementation has led us to formalize an illustrative subset of the MetaML implementation. We present both a big-step semantics and type system for this subset, and prove the type system''s soundness with respect to a big-step semantics. From a software engineering point of view, this means that generators written in the MetaML subset never generate unsafe programs. A type system and semantics for full MetaML is still ongoing work. We argue that multi-stage languages are useful as programming languages in their own right, that they supply a sound basis for high-level program generation technology, and that they should support features that make it possible for programmers to write staged computations without significantly changing their normal programming style. To illustrate this we provide a simple three stage example elaborating a number of practical issues. % The design of MetaML was based on two main principles that we identified as fundamental for high-level program generation, namely, cross-stage persistence and cross-stage safety. We present these principles, explain the technical problems they give rise to, and how we address with these problems in our implementation.
On refining the parameters of a Random Network Model for determining the effective thermal conductivity of particulate thermal interface materials

Predictive modeling using fundamental physical principles is critical to developing new Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) since it can be used to quantify the effect of particle volume fraction and arrangements on the effective thermal conductivity. In our prior work, we described a Random Network Model (RNM) [2] that can efficiently capture the near-percolation transport in these particle-filled systems, taking into account the inter-particle interactions and random size distributions. The accuracy of the RNM is dependent on the parameters inherent in analytical description of thermal transport between two spherical particles, and their numerical approximation into a network model. In the present study, based on a finite element analysis, the network model is improved by developing an approximation of the critical cylindrical region between two spherical particles over which energy is transported. Taking the finite element (FE) results (generated by COMSOL™) as a reference, this critical parameter demonstrated a much larger effect on the thermal conductance of a single cell than other parameters (thermal conductivity ratio of fillers and matrix, ratio of radii of two neighboring particles and distance between two neighboring particles). Thirty different microstructures were generated using COMSOL™ at volume fractions of 40%, 50%, 58% and 70% respectively. Comparing RNM results with FE results and experimental data, a linear relationship of the critical parameter and the volume fraction was found that provides a more accurate prediction of the effective thermal conductivity of the particulate thermal interface material for a given volume fraction.
Sexual function in women on estradiol or venlafaxine for hot flushes: a randomized controlled trial.

Author(s): Reed, Susan D; Mitchell, Caroline M; Joffe, Hadine; Cohen, Lee; Shifren, Jan L; Newton, Katherine M; Freeman, Ellen W; Larson, Joseph C; Manson, JoAnn E; LaCroix, Andrea Z; Guthrie, Katherine A | Abstract: ObjectiveTo evaluate sexual function in midlife women taking low-dose oral estradiol or venlafaxine for hot flushes.MethodsIn an 8-week randomized controlled trial among women aged 40-62 years, sexual function was compared between 0.5 mg oral estradiol per day or 75 mg venlafaxine per day (both compared with a placebo). Measures included composite and six domain scores from the Female Sexual Function Index and sexually related personal distress.ResultsParticipants were aged 54.6 years (standard deviation [SD] 3.8) years, 59% white, with 8.1 (SD 5.3) daily hot flushes. Median composite baseline Female Sexual Function Index score was 16.3 (SD 11.9, n=256) for all women and 21.7 (SD 9.3, n=198) among sexually active women. Composite mean Female Sexual Function Index change from baseline to week 8 was 1.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.4 to 3.2) for estradiol, 1.1 (95% CI -0.5 to 2.7) for venlafaxine, and -0.3 (95% CI -1.6 to 1.0) for placebo. Composite Female Sexual Function Index and sexually related distress change from baseline did not differ between estradiol and placebo (P=.38, P=.30) or venlafaxine and placebo (P=.79, P=.48). Among sexually active women, Female Sexual Function Index domain score change from baseline differences (active compared with placebo) in desire was 0.3 (95% CI 0.0-0.6) for estradiol, -0.6 (95% CI -1.2 to 0.0) in orgasm for venlafaxine, and 0.9 (95% CI 0.2-1.6) in penetration pain for venlafaxine. No women reported adverse events related to sexual dysfunction.ConclusionOverall sexual function among nondepressed midlife women experiencing hot flushes did not change over 8 weeks with low-dose oral estradiol or venlafaxine (compared with placebo), although a subtle increase in desire (estradiol) and decreases in orgasm and pain (venlafaxine) may exist.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01418209.Level of evidenceI.
Sulfonylureas attenuate electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation during an acute myocardial infarction in diabetics.

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to determine whether sulfonylureas attenuate ST-segment elevation in diabetics during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Background Sulfonylureas block adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels found in the pancreas and heart. Animal studies have demonstrated that opening of these cardiac channels results in ST-segment elevation during AMI, and pretreatment with sulfonylureas blunts these ST-segment changes. Methods We performed a retrospective study of diabetic patients hospitalized with AMI over a four-year period in Framingham, Massachusetts. Electrocardiograms obtained on arrival were analyzed for standard ST-segment criteria for thrombolytic therapy (>1 mm in two or more contiguous leads). Results were compared between the study group (40 patients taking sulfonylureas) and control group (48 patients taking alternative hypoglycemic agent). Results Demographics were similar for both groups apart from a female preponderance in the study group. A significantly higher percentage of patients in the study group did not meet ST-segment criteria for thrombolytic therapy as compared with the control group (53% vs. 29%, p = 0.02). This difference was most prominent in patients with peak creatinine phosphokinase levels between 500 and 1,000 mg/dl (86% vs. 22%, p = 0.04). The magnitude of ST-segment elevation and the frequency of thrombolytic therapy were significantly lower in the sulfonylurea group than in the control group (1.1 ± 1.0 mm vs. 2.1 ± 2.7 mm, p = 0.02 and 20% vs. 40%, p = 0.04, respectively). Conclusions Sulfonylurea therapy appears to attenuate the magnitude of ST-segment elevation during an AMI, resulting in failure to meet criteria for thrombolytic therapy and as a consequence leading to inappropriate withholding therapy in this subset of diabetic patients.
Embrittlement of Zircaloy-4 by Liquid Cesium at 300°C

Previous attempts to induce embrittlement of zirconium alloys by cesium at light water power reactor operating temperatures (300 to 350°C) have been unsuccessful, although embrittlement has been observed in the 30 to 225°C temperature range. Thus, although cesium is an abundant fission product, it has been discounted previously as a possible cause of failures of Zircaloy-clad fuel rods. In the present study, reactor-grade Zircaloy-4 tube specimens suffered embrittlement in molten cesium at 300°C as well as at 40°C. However, it appeared that embrittlement occurred only if the cesium had a low oxygen content and was contaminated with a trace of iron.
Following Their Every Move: An Investigation of Social-Class Differences in College Pathways

As more Americans enter college than ever before, their pathways through the broadly differentiated higher education system are changing. Movement in, out, and among institutions now characterizes students' attendance patterns—half of all undergraduates who begin at a four-year institution go on to attend at least one other college, and over one-third take some time off from college after their initial enrollment. This study investigated whether there is social-class variation in these patterns, with advantaged and disadvantaged students responding to new postsecondary choices by engaging in different pathways. National longitudinal data from postsecondary transcripts were used to follow students across schools and to examine the importance of family background and high school preparation in predicting forms of college attendance. The results demonstrate that students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely than are economically advantaged students (net of prior academic preparation) to follo...
Biochemical and Folding Defects in a RAG1 Variant Associated with Omenn Syndrome

The RAG1 and RAG2 proteins are required to assemble mature Ag receptor genes in developing lymphocytes. Hypomorphic mutations in the gene encoding RAG1 are associated with Omenn syndrome, a primary immunodeficiency. We explored the biochemical defects resulting from a mutation identified in an Omenn syndrome patient which generates an amino acid substitution in the RAG1 RING finger/ubiquitin ligase domain (C325Y in murine RAG1) as well as an adjacent substitution (P326G). RAG1 C325Y demonstrated a 50-fold reduction in recombination activity in cultured pro-B cells despite the fact that its expression and localization to the nucleus were similar to the wild-type protein. The C325Y substitution severely abrogated ubiquitin ligase activity of the purified RAG1 RING finger domain, and the tertiary structure of the domain was altered. The P326G substitution also abrogated ubiquitin ligase activity but had a less severe effect on protein folding. RAG1 P326G also demonstrated a recombination impairment that was most pronounced when RAG1 levels were limiting. Thus, a correctly folded RAG1 RING finger domain is required for normal V(D)J recombination, and RAG1 ubiquitin ligase activity can contribute when the protein is present at relatively low levels.
A temporary, moderate and responsive scenario for solar geoengineering

The risks and benefits of solar geoengineering, or solar radiation management (SRM), depend on assumptions about its implementation. Claims that SRM will reduce precipitation, increase ocean acidification or deplete stratospheric ozone, or that it must be continued forever once started, are not inherent features of SRM; rather, they are features of common scenarios for its implementation. Most analyses assume, for example, that SRM would be used to stop the increase in global temperature or restore temperature to pre-industrial values. We argue that these are poor scenario choices on which to base policy-relevant judgements about SRM. As a basis for further analysis, we provide a scenario that is temporary in that its end point is zero SRM, is moderate in that it offsets only half of the growth in anthropogenic climate forcing and is responsive in that it recognizes that the amount of SRM will be adjusted in light of new information.
COMIC: An Analog Computer in the Colorant Industry

In 1958, Davidson & Hemmendinger Inc. introduced the COMIC (Colorant Mixture Computer), the first practical computer for finding a mixture of dyes or paints to match a given sample. An analog computer that solved a set of simultaneous equations and that was later replaced by digital computer programs, the COMIC helped bring automation to the colorant industry.
One-generation Lamarckism: The role of environment in genetic development

Environment can provide information used in development – information that can appear to be genetically given and that was previously assumed to be so. Examples include growth of the eye until it achieves good focus, and structuring of receptive fields in the visual cortex by environmental information. The process can be called one-generation Lamarckism because information acquired from the environment is used to structure the organism and because the capacity to acquire this information is inherited.
Another clinical evidence straw on the $4 billion ezetimibe camel's back.

The clinical use of ezetimibe began in 2002 when the United tates Food and Drug Administration licensed the compound for he reduction of LDL-C either alone or in combination with a statin edication. Since then, clinical use of ezetimibe has grown to levls exceeding annual sales of $4 billion, in parallel with efforts to roadly market the drug to clinicians despite the absence of definiive data on its net benefit on clinical cardiovascular outcomes 1]. Licensing of ezetimibe came under the Prescription Drug User ee Act program (PDUFA), which required the conduct of clinical rials following licensing [2]. Disturbingly, over the past 9 years, o clinical trials yet support the incremental value of ezetimibe, mid growing concerns over its mechanism of action, and reports f bewildering effects on surrogates of clinical cardiovascular outomes. The firestorm over ezetimibe began in earnest with the pubication of the ENHANCE trial showing no benefit of the drug n carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in patients with familal hypercholesterolemia [3]. Criticisms of that trial centered on he selection of a trial population consisting of individuals previusly treated with statins, and including some without advanced therosclerosis. In this issue of the journal Atherosclerosis, West nd colleagues, from the University of Virginia, report their findngs on the incremental effect of ezetimibe treatment in statin naive atients with advanced atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries. he researchers enrolled 67 subjects in 2 different studies: (1) a roup of stain naive patients were randomized to double blind reatment with either statin monotherapy or combination treatent with a statin and ezetimibe; (2) A subset of patients already reated with statin monotherapy received the addition of ezeimibe. All subjects were followed with advanced atherosclerosis maging of the superficial femoral artery using 1.5 T MRI. In short,
Effective properties of a periodic chiral arrangement of identical biaxially dielectric plates

A periodically inhomogeneous medium is constructed by stacking up unit cells made of (identical) structurally chiral slabs. Each structurally chiral slab is comprised of a certain number of identical biaxially anisotropic plates, the consecutive optic axes describing either a right- or a left-handed spiral. The characteristic matrix of the unit cell is obtained and used with the Floquet-Lyapunov theorem to obtain the electromagnetic fields in the periodic medium. When the unit cell thickness is very small compared to the principal wavelengths in the biaxial plates, the periodically inhomogeneous biaxial medium is shown to be equivalent to a homogeneous biaxial medium, the two optic axes of the equivalent medium being dependent on the handedness of the periodic medium.
Revisiting Grutter and Gratz in the Wake of Fisher: Looking Back to Move Forward

This article revisits the University of Michigan's 2003 affirmative action cases, Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger. Through the aid of critical textual analysis and critical race theory, the author looks back at the predominant narratives that framed the challenge to, and defense of, race-conscious affirmative action policy in the University of Michigan cases. In the wake of Fisher v. University of Texas Austin, the third affirmative action case to be heard before the United States Supreme Court within the last decade, the author suggests that revisiting Grutter and Gratz may be helpful to understand the evolution of arguments for and against affirmative action.
Remote Triggering Not Evident Near Epicenters of Impending Great Earthquakes

Recently, there have been numerous great ( M w≥8), devastating earthquakes, with a rate in the last seven years that is 260% of the average rate during the 111‐year seismological history. Each great earthquake presents an opportunity to study a major fault at the very beginning and end of the inferred seismic cycle. In this work, we use these events as both targets and sources to probe susceptibility to dynamic triggering in the epicentral region before and after a large earthquake. This study also carefully addresses the possibility that large earthquakes interact in a cascade of remotely triggered sequences that culminates in further large earthquakes. We seek evidence of triggering associated with the 16 great M w≥8 events that occurred between 1998 and 2011, using regional and global earthquake catalogs to measure changes in interevent time statistics. Statistical significance is calculated with respect to a nonstationary reference model that includes mainshock–aftershock clustering. We find limited evidence that a few great earthquakes triggered an increase in seismicity at the site of the next great earthquake in the sequence. However, this evidence is not corroborated by all statistical tests nor all earthquake catalogs. Systematic triggered rate changes in the years to decades before each great earthquake are less than 19% at the 95% confidence level, too small to explain the observed rate increase. The catalogs are insufficient for the purpose of resolving more moderate triggering expected from previous studies. We calculate that an improvement in completeness magnitude from 3.7 to 3.5 could resolve the expected triggering signal in the International Seismic Center (ISC) catalog taken as a whole, but an improvement to M 2.0 would be needed to consistently resolve triggering on a regional basis.
Large-scale sorting in uniform memory hierarchies

We present several efficient algorithms for sorting on the uniform memory hierarchy (UMH), introduced by Alpern, Carter, and Fei, and its parallelization P-UMH. We give optimal and nearly-optimal algorithms for a wide range of bandwidth degradations, including a parsimonious algorithm for constant bandwidth. We also develop optimal sorting algorithms for all bandwidths for other versions of UMH and P-UMH, including natural restrictions we introduce called RUMH and P-RUMH, which more closely correspond to current programming languages.
THE SPIRIT OF CAPITALISM, ASSET RETURNS, AND THE BUSINESS CYCLE

We evaluate whether the spirit of capitalism improves the ability of the real business cycle model to explain the main features of both asset return and the business cycle. In our model, the spirit of capitalism is embodied in the assumption that individuals have preferences for financial wealth. Our simulation results suggest that this assumption may improve the model's ability to explain the risk-free rate puzzle but not the equity premium puzzle. This assumption also markedly deteriorates the model's ability to account for the main features of the business cycle.
HEAVY MINERALS ADD WEIGHT TO NEOICHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Vertebrate tracks offer important paleobiological and paleoenvironmental insights as indicated in the increasing number of studies of modern and fossil tracks in recent decades (Laporte and Behrensmeyer, 1980; Loope, 1986; McKeever, 1991; Platt and Hasiotis, 2008; Milan et al., 2007; and references therein). Whereas fine-grained sediments typically preserve the greatest detail, a track record of many organisms is archived in sand-rich strata representing paleo-shorelines, river banks, and dunes (Frey and Pemberton, 1986; Lockley, 1986). Despite the dynamic nature and coarse texture of sandy media ( = substrates), many studies report abundant vertebrate and invertebrate tracks, from Paleozoic sandstones to Cenozoic depositional sequences (McKeever, 1991; Lea, 1996; Loope, 2006; Lucas et al., 2007). Aside from a few cursory investigations of vertebrate tracks in recent beach and dune environments, little research has focused on their distribution and preservation in unconsolidated sand-rich media (McKee, 1947; Loope, 1986; Lea, 1996). This is largely due to the difficulty of preserving the tracks and even greater challenge of detecting biogenic structures in coarse-grained sediments. New neoichnological research is underway that addresses this long-standing problem, making use of the combination of natural selective mineral sorting and the ability to image small-scale structures using geophysical techniques. In many coastal and eolian settings, such lithological anomalies as heavy-mineral concentrations (HMCs) represent density lag formation during episodes of increased wave or wind activity (Komar and Wang, 1984; Smith and Jackson, 1990; Buynevich et al., 2007; Mange and Wright, 2007). Such lithological anomalies not only act as environmental indicators, but also accentuate vertebrate and large invertebrate tracks due to their darker color (Fig. 1; …
Dynamic response of an active filter using a generalized nonactive power theory

This paper presents a theory of instantaneous nonactive power/current. This generalized theory is independent of the number of phases, whether the load is periodic or non-periodic, and whether the system voltages are balanced or unbalanced. By choosing appropriate parameters such as the averaging interval T/sub c/ and the reference voltage V/sub p/, the theory has different forms for each specific system application. This theory is consistent with other more traditional concepts. The theory is implemented in a parallel nonactive power compensation system, and several different cases, such as harmonics load, rectifier load, single-phase pulse load, and non-periodic load, are simulated in MATLAB. Unity power factor or pure sinusoidal source current from the utility can be achieved according to different compensation requirements. Furthermore, the dynamic response and its impact on the compensator's energy storage requirement are also presented.
Chaotic behavior of learning automata in multi-level games under delayed information

Distributed decision makers are modeled as players in a game with two levels. High level decisions concern the game environment and determine the willingness of the players to form a coalition (or group). Low level decisions involve the actions to be implemented within the chosen environment. Decisions are made using probability distributions which are updated using a learning automaton scheme. A player has knowledge of another player's likelihood of making a particular decision but this information is delayed, perhaps due to network broadcasts or other environmental influences. These delays create the potential for instabilities in the decision making process and particular parameter settings can lead to period-doubling and the onset of chaos.
Impact of growing conditions on the competitive ability of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (Camelina)

Davis, P. B., Maxwell, B. and Menalled, F. D. 2013. Impact of growing conditions on the competitive ability of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (Camelina). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 243–247. It has been claimed that Camelina sativa, a recently introduced crop in the northern Great Plains, is a highly competitive species. However, this issue has not been formally tested. Utilizing replacement series diagrams, we assessed the importance of growing conditions in the competitive ability of C. sativa. Results indicated that canola and Bromus tectorum were superior competitors in both loam and sandy soils, thus providing evidence that C. sativa may not be as competitive as previously indicated.
Low dropout regulators

□ Output voltage generated using a resistive divider ▪ Fixed divide ratio -> sensitive to load current changes □ Feedback loop regulates R IN such that it is always a desired fraction of load current ▪ Output voltage is independent of load current.
The exceptional integral values of the index

Whereas the theorems of §§ 3 and 4 involve the function and the coefficients symmetrically when the index γ is not an integer, and sometimes when it is, there are a number of asymmetric theorems, and some missing ones, for integral values of γ, usually at values differing by 2. In this section we shall summarize the known facts and point out some connections with other aspects of the theory of trigonometric series, mentioning also a number of results that do not involve absolute convergence.
Alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction and receptor subtypes in large coronary arteries of calves

We investigated alpha-adrenoceptor subtype distribution in large coronary arteries from both functional and biochemical perspectives. The effects of intracoronary administration of the selective al...
Bayesian Spectral Analysis of Climatic and Hydrologic Time Series

Many hydrological time series are periodic and can be modeled by sinusoidal functions and random noise. By fitting the data with sinusoidal functions, the fundamental frequencies, amplitudes, and stochastic properties of noise can be estimated. However, when more frequencies are considered, large number of parameters needs to be estimated. Such a situation may result in solving a high dimensional problem with a consequent reduction in accuracy. An alternative to this situation is the Bayesian spectral analysis developed by Bretthorst (1988), which enables removal of uninteresting or needless parameters. Long-term series of different types of climate and hydrological data are analyzed in this study by using the Bayesian spectral analysis. There are more than two hundred years of daily temperature data available in Europe and these allow assessment of the long-term trend and climate variability. Several unregulated streamflow records in US are also analyzed to examine the performance of the Bayesian method. The results by the Bayesian method are compared to those by discrete Fourier transform, Burg’s and the multi-taper methods.
Pandemic-related ability and willingness in home healthcare workers.

Objective: To assess pandemic-related attitudes and behavioral intentions of home healthcare workers (HHCWs). Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: New York City. Participants: A convenience sample of 384 HHCWs. Main Outcome Variables: Ability and willingness to report to work during a pandemic influenza outbreak. Results: A large proportion of HHCWs reported that they would be either unable or unwilling (or both) to provide care to their current (83 percent) or new (91 percent) patients during a pandemic. Ability was significantly associated with not having children living at home, having alternatives to mass transportation, not having a spouse/partner employed as a first responder or healthcare worker, and having longer tenure (ie, six or more years) in homecare. During an outbreak, 43 percent of HHCWs said they would be willing to take care of current patients and only 27 percent were willing to take care of new patients.Willingness to care for both current and new patients was inversely associated with fear for personal safety (p < 0.01). Provision of key elements of a respiratory protection program was associated with decreased fear (p < 0.05). Most participants (86 percent) had not received any work-based, pandemic- related training, and only 5 percent reported that their employer had an influenza pandemic plan. Conclusions: Given that a large majority of the participating HHCWs would either be unable or unwilling to report to duty during a pandemic, potential shortfalls in this workforce may occur. To counter this, organizations should focus on strategies targeting intervenable barriers to ability and to willingness (ie, the provision of a vaccine and respiratory protection programs).
More than a Feeling: The Role of Empathetic Care in Promoting Safety in Healthcare

In this paper we use inductive and deductive methods to explore the role of empathy in care-giving jobs: Specifically, the relationship between empathetic care and patient safety. We argue that empathetic care is evidenced by extra-role behavior, emotional engagement, and relational richness between paid caregivers and clients. We develop our model using qualitative interviews with paid caregivers, and test it using quantitative case studies in six skilled nursing facilities. We find that empathetic care predicts patient safety, but only under some circumstances. Specifically, we find that patient load, overtime work, and financial hardship dampen the otherwise positive relationship between empathetic care and safety. We discuss the implications of these findings for the design of care jobs.
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Contamination in Cooling Tower of Central Air Conditioning System in Liwan District of Guangzhou City

[Objective]To learn the contamination statues of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cooling tower of central air conditioning system,provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.[Methods]From April to September 2010,28 water samples were collected from the cooling towers of central air conditioning system in public places of Liwan district,and the indexes of pH value,Legionella pneumophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested.The Sanitation criterion of centralized air ventilation system in public places(2006) was adopted to test the Legionella pneumophila,the Methods for examination of drinking natural mineral water(GB8538-2008) was applied to test the Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and the Standard examination methods for drinking water(GB/T5750-2006) was adopted to test the pH value.[Results]Among 28 samples,the total positive rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was57.14%,that of Legionella pneumophila was 60.71%,and the difference was not significant(P0.05).There was negative correlation between the positive rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the PH value.[Conclusion]Pseudomonas aeruginosa contamination is serious in cooling tower of central air conditioning system,and it is necessary to strengthen the cleaning and disinfection of cooling towers.
Distinctive gap junction channel types connect WB cells, a clonal cell line derived from rat liver.

Gap junctions, dye coupling, and junctional conductance were studied in a cell line (WB) that is derived from rat liver and displays a phenotype similar to “oval” cells. In freeze-fracture replicas...
Mythography: No Exit, No Conclusion?

The word ‘myth’ inscribes a line of separation between the ‘provincial’ and the ‘universal’. Can that line be transcended? Can one exit the provincial and attain to the universal? In this conclusion, Loriaux and Lynch address these questions with the help of Ernst Cassirer, who answers in the affirmative; Jens Bartelson, who expresses scepticism; and R. B. J. Walker, who observes that the question itself has the effect of reinscribing the line of separation in agonistic debate. With the aid of Stephen Toulmin, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Paul Ricœur, and Jacques Derrida, the authors then ask if that line of separation can be destabilised, moved, blurred, or otherwise rendered porous, and indicate strategies that can help us pursue that end.
Measuring out-of-time-order correlations and multiple quantum spectra in a trapped ion quantum magnet

Controllable arrays of ions and ultracold atoms can simulate complex many-body phenomena and may provide insights into unsolved problems in modern science. To this end, experimentally feasible protocols for quantifying the buildup of quantum correlations and coherence are needed, as performing full state tomography does not scale favourably with the number of particles. Here we develop and experimentally demonstrate such a protocol, which uses time reversal of the many-body dynamics to measure out-of-time-order correlation functions (OTOCs) in a long-range Ising spin quantum simulator with more than 100 ions in a Penning trap. By measuring a family of OTOCs as a function of a tunable parameter we obtain fine-grained information about the state of the system encoded in the multiple quantum coherence spectrum, extract the quantum state purity, and demonstrate the buildup of up to 8-body correlations. Future applications of this protocol could enable studies of many-body localization, quantum phase transitions, and tests of the holographic duality between quantum and gravitational systems. Characterizing the correlations of quantum many-body systems is known to be hard, but there are ways around: for example, a new method for measuring out-of-time correlations demonstrated in a Penning trap quantum simulator with over 100 ions.
The Three-Generation Pedigree: A Critical Tool in Cancer Genetics Care.

The family history, a rather low-tech tool, is the backbone of genetic assessment and guides risk assessment and genetic testing decisions. The importance of the pedigree and its application to genetic practice is often overlooked and underestimated. Unfortunately, particularly with electronic health records, standard pedigrees are not routinely constructed. A clear understanding of how pedigrees are employed in clinical oncology practice may lead to improved collection and use of family history data. .
An appraisal of the Language Contact Profile as a tool to research local engagement in study abroad

Assessing the type and quantity of out-of-class foreign language (L2) interaction that learners engage in is crucial in study abroad research. This assessment has commonly been performed with the Language Contact Profile (LCP). This article critically appraises the LCP as a measure for providing reliable data to correlate language interaction with language gains. Information about the L2 use of U.S. university students studying in Argentina was obtained using quantitative (LCP) and qualitative (interview, authentic interaction, and observation) measures. The results suggest that some LCP items were ambiguous and limited in their ability to capture fluctuations in students’ local engagement throughout the semester. The LCP also provided internally inconsistent participant reports of out-of-class L2 use. Notably, the results highlight the importance of considering discourse quality when comparing hours of interaction reported by different students, suggesting that numerical comparisons across participants cannot be interpreted to necessarily lead to comparable language gains.
Multum in Parvo: A Process Intensification Retrospective and Outlook

Abstract Process intensification principles have been applied to a large set of systems, from miniature devices to full-scale industrial plants. Focusing on the macroscopic realm, this paper reviews principles and pathways for intensifying industrial processes, starting with a core reaction-separation-recycle process structure and continuing with energy-integrated systems. An emphasis is placed on describing the interplay between economic, safety and environmental benefits, and the constraints and demands that intensification places on process design and process control by reducing the respective available degrees of freedom. Specific application examples are introduced to support these ideas. The paper concludes with an account of potential future development directions for theory and applications.
Experimental study of grid frequency regulation ancillary service of a variable speed heat pump

This paper describes an analysis of a variable speed heat pump (VSHP), which responds to direct load control (DLC) signals to provide grid frequency regulation (GFR) ancillary service, while ensuring the comfort of building occupants. A data-driven dynamic model of the VSHP is developed through real-time experimental studies with a time horizon ranging from seconds to hours. The model is simple, yet still sufficiently comprehensive to analyze the operational characteristics of the VSHP. The DLC scheme is then experimentally applied to the VSHP to evaluate its demand response (DR) capability. Two control methods are considered for a practical implementation of the DLC-enabled VSHP and a further improvement of the DR capability, respectively. Additionally, a small-signal analysis is carried out using the aggregated dynamic response of a number of DLC-enabled VSHPs to analyze their contribution to GFR in an isolated power grid. For experimental case studies, a laboratory-scale microgrid is then implemented with generator and load emulators. We show that the DLC-enabled VSHP can effectively reduce grid frequency deviations and required reserve capacities of generators.
Factors effecting real-time optical monitoring of fused filament 3D printing

This study analyzes a low-cost reliable real-time optical monitoring platform for fused filament fabrication-based open source 3D printing. An algorithm for reconstructing 3D images from overlapping 2D intensity measurements with relaxed camera positioning requirements is compared with a single-camera solution for single-side 3D printing monitoring. The algorithms are tested for different 3D object geometries and filament colors. The results showed that both of the algorithms with a single- and double-camera system were effective at detecting a clogged nozzle, incomplete project, or loss of filament for a wide range of 3D object geometries and filament colors. The combined approach was the most effective and achieves 100% detection rate for failures. The combined method analyzed here has a better detection rate and a lower cost compared to previous methods. In addition, this method is generalizable to a wide range of 3D printer geometries, which enables further deployment of desktop 3D printing as wasted print time and filament are reduced, thereby improving the economic advantages of distributed manufacturing.
Medical Errors, Passing Along Nursing Knowledge, and Stress and Burnout: Three Books.

The three books reviewed are quite different from each other. The first book is a first-person report of medical errors and their sequelae. The second book focuses on knowledge transfer as part of succession planning, and the third book discusses stress and burnout.The first book is Anatomy of Medic
The Shifting Border Between Perception and Cognition

The distinction between perception and cognition has always had a firm footing in both cognitive science and folk psychology. However, there is little agreement as to how the distinction should be drawn. In fact, a number of theorists have recently argued that, given the ubiquity of top-down influences (at all levels of the processing hierarchy), we should jettison the distinction altogether. I reject this approach, and defend a pluralist account of the distinction. At the heart of my account is the claim that each legitimate way of marking a border between perception and cognition deploys a notion I call ‘stimulus-control.’ Thus, rather than being a grab bag of unrelated kinds, the various categories of the perceptual are unified into a superordinate natural kind (mutatis mutandis for the complimentary categories of the cognitive).
An Analysis of Comment-Revision Thresholds in Bilingual Electronic Meetings

Prior studies have shown that providing participants in bilingual or multilingual, electronic meetings with the capability of revising comments can increase the accuracy of translations to other languages. This is often done via a round-trip translation (RTT) in which the source text is translated to another language, translated back again, and compared with the original. If the similarity falls below a certain threshold, e.g. 50%, the originator may wish to revise the comment before final submission. However, minor changes might not be needed, and it is not clear where the threshold lies between acceptable and non-acceptable text. In this study, we seek to determine at what point accuracy can be improved by comment revision. Results show that the threshold did not affect the target-language comprehension, but higher thresholds substantially increased the cognitive burden for users in the form of alerts and comment revisions.
Sensorless Resonance Tracking and Stroke Control of a Linear Vapor Compressor Via Nonlinear Observers

Linear compressors have become more common in refrigeration applications due to their high efficiency. However, in order to achieve efficient and reliable operation of the machine, the system controller must be capable of dealing with two main issues. First, the nonlinear force of gas compression acting against the mass spring piston system causes the frequency at which system efficiency is maximized, i.e., the resonant frequency, to vary with the load. Second, the unconstrained piston stroke allows for the possibility of collision with the head, which may reduce reliability. Accounting for these issues requires knowledge of the piston dynamics; however, for reliability and cost effectiveness it is preferred to operate the system without the use of internal sensors. In this work a novel system level controller is designed to simultaneously achieve resonance-tracking and stroke control objectives utilizing a pair of nonlinear observers to obtain the necessary information sensorlessly. This design is validated under experimental testing, which demonstrates both the accuracy of the observed signals and the stability and convergence of the controller.
Satisfaction With Testicular Prosthesis After Radical Orchiectomy.

Objectives To determine patient satisfaction with testicular prostheses (TP) for testicular cancer. Reconstruction represents an important part of surgical oncology, yet placement of TP following orchiectomy is infrequently performed. Improved data on patient satisfaction with TP would help in counseling patients with testicular cancer. Materials and Methods Forty patients who underwent orchiectomy and TP placement for testicular cancer participated in a survey that was blinded to the providers in an outpatient clinic (2012-2014) to evaluate TP satisfaction. Categorical variables associated with satisfaction were compared using the Fisher's exact test. Results Median age at TP placement was 31 years (17-59). Most patients had their prosthesis in place for >1 year (81%) at the time of the survey. No patient reported complications from the TP and none underwent explantation. All patients felt that being offered an implant before orchiectomy was important. Overall, 33 patients (82.5%) rated the TP as good or excellent, and 35 men (87.5%) would have the prosthesis implanted again. Thirty-seven patients (92.5%) found the TP to be comfortable or very comfortable. However, 44% considered the TP too firm and 20% felt the position was not appropriate. Appropriate size, appropriate position, and TP comfort were significantly associated with good or excellent overall TP satisfaction (P Conclusion Overall satisfaction with testicular implants after orchiectomy for testicular cancer is high. Patients should be offered a testicular prosthesis, especially at the time of orchiectomy. Efforts should be made to optimize implant firmness, and care should be given to proper size selection and positioning.
Judgments of Interpersonal Warmth Predict Class Differences in Political Candidate Support

The present research examines how warmth communications shape class-based patterns of political candidate support. Drawing on theory and evidence that lower-class individuals are more attuned to others, we predicted that, relative to upper-class individuals, they will modulate their trust and support in response to communications of warmth generated by and about political figures. In Experiment 1, lower-class compared to upper-class participants reported less trust and support for a political candidate who communicated his warmth in a campaign video, while no class differences emerged when he communicated competence or hostility to an opponent instead. In Experiment 2, lower-class compared to upper-class participants reported greater trust and support for a political figure whose warmth was communicated by a lower-class member, but no class difference emerged when the same communication was by an upper-class member. Implications for eliciting trust through warmth communication in cross-class interactions ...
Enzyme-Catalyzed Polymerization in Microstructured Fluid Media: The Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Biomolecular Materials

Phenol-formaldehyde based polymers have widespread use in coatings and adhesive technologiesl. They are used in laminates, wood composites, insulating materials, flame retardants, etc. However, due to the toxicity of formaldehyde, it has become necessary to produce similar polymers that do not involve formaldehyde as an intermediate. The enzymatic synthesis of phenolic polymers is one possible route to such polymers. The feasibility of such synthesis was first demonstrated by Dordick and coworkers2, and later by Akkara and coworkers3 who showed that high molecular weight polymers could be synthesized enzymatically in an organic solvent system containing an 85/15 v/v dioxane/water mixture.
Methods and Methodologies

The study of scientific methods and the development of methodology as a scientific discipline is one of the fruits of the contemporary advances in formal logic. The cultural isolation of the Soviet Union under Stalin led to an almost complete ignorance on the part of Soviet philosophers of the progress made in the non-Communist world in these and related domains.1 On the other hand, ignorance of what is being done in these fields in the Soviet Union is almost as profound on the part of Western researchers. We have elsewhere taken up the question of the value of Soviet reflections on methodology in the light of principles generally accepted in Western science.2 Here we will restrict ourselves to those aspects of Soviet speculation on method and methodology which have an epistemological significance.