cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of HMGN variants on the cellular transcription profile

High mobility group N (HMGN) is a family of intrinsically disordered nuclear proteins that bind to nucleosomes, alters the structure of chromatin and affects transcription. A major unresolved question is the extent of functional specificity, or redundancy, between the various members of the HMGN protein family. Here, we analyze the transcriptional profile of cells in which the expression of various HMGN proteins has been either deleted or doubled. We find that both up- and downregulation of HMGN expression altered the cellular transcription profile. Most, but not all of the changes were variant specific, suggesting limited redundancy in transcriptional regulation. Analysis of point and swap HMGN mutants revealed that the transcriptional specificity is determined by a unique combination of a functional nucleosome-binding domain and C-terminal domain. Doubling the amount of HMGN had a significantly larger effect on the transcription profile than total deletion, suggesting that the intrinsically disordered structure of HMGN proteins plays an important role in their function. The results reveal an HMGN-variant-specific effect on the fidelity of the cellular transcription profile, indicating that functionally the various HMGN subtypes are not fully redundant.
On Darboux continuity and continuity

Abstract Lipinski's ( Colloq. Math. 19 (1968), 251–253) theorem for a Darboux function to be continuous is extended and a question raised by him is partially answered.
The Values of Student Environmentalists

Abstract Students active in environmental organizations were surveyed to study the relationship between levels of environmental involvement and personal values. Environmentally active respondents scored notably higher than a normative sample on the Allport-Vernon-Lindzey (AVL; 1960) subscale measures of social values and lower on the sub-scales for economic and political values. Intercorrelations of Maloney, Ward, and Braucht's (1975) Ecological Attitudes and Knowledge subscales indicated that actual commitment, verbal commitment, and affective involvement scores were not correlated with environmental knowledge. Social values were significant predictors of both affective involvement and actual commitment to environmental causes.
Relationship of Symptoms, Perceived Health, and Stigma With Quality of Life Among Urban HIV‐Infected African American Men

Objectives: To explore the relationship of symptom prevalence and intensity, perceptions of health, and stigma on quality of life (QOL) among HIV-infected African American men. Design: Cross-sectional correlational descriptive study. Samples: The sample consisted of HIV-infected African American men (N=55), all urban, age range 23–66 years (M=48.84, SD=7.67), average length of time since HIV diagnosis 10.79 years (SD=6.4). Measurements: A questionnaire consisting of 5 instruments was used: (a) sociodemographic characteristics, (b) Holzemer Signs and Symptom Checklist for HIV, (c) perceptions of health, (d) Berger HIV Stigma Scale, and (e) Holmes HIV/AIDS-Targeted Quality of Life Scale. Results: Prevalent symptoms were fatigue (98%), fear (92.7%), shortness of breath (92.7%), gastrointestinal upset (85.5%), numbness (80.0%), and headache (76.4%). Symptoms with the highest intensity were gastrointestinal upset, body changes, fear, and fatigue. Symptom intensity was significantly associated with the measures of stigma and QOL. Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of incorporating a holistic view of the relationship of symptoms with QOL for HIV-infected African American men. Without efforts to ameliorate stigmatizing effects, however, nurses may be falling short in helping individual African American men with HIV infection achieve a better QOL.
A single detector method for the determination of PK1 in 133Ba

Abstract A method is described for determining P K 1 ω K e K for 133 Ba utilizing X-ray-γ-ray summing in a single high resolution intrinsic Ge detector. The absolute efficiency curve for the Ge detector is established, and a value of P K 1 = 0.747 ± 0.096 is determined for 133 Ba. The result is compared to earlier measurements and the factors limiting the accuracy of the measurement are discussed.
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in renal transplant recipient

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is reported in the native kidney of a renal allograft recipient. Immunoglobulin deposition in the transplant kidney in the absence of cell-mediated rejection, accompanied by selective cultures showing Escherichia coli from the native kidney, led to the diagnosis. Native nephrectomy resulted in resolution of the patient's chronic bacteriuria and creatinine elevation.
No Pathogenic Mutations Identified in the COL8A1 and COL8A2 Genes in Familial Fuchs Corneal Dystrophy

PURPOSE. To investigate the genetic basis of late-onset, familial Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) through screening of the COL8A1 and COL8A2 genes, in which mutations have been associated with both early and late-onset, familial and sporadic FECD. METHODS. DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and direct sequencing of the COL8A1 and COL8A2 genes was performed in affected and unaffected members of 15 unrelated families with two or more members with late-onset FECD. RESULTS. Screening of the COL8A1 gene did not reveal sequence variants in any affected individuals from the 15 FECD families. In the COL8A2 gene, the previously identified mutations presumed to play a pathogenic role in cases of familial FECD (Arg155Gln, Leu450Trp, and Gln455Lys) were not discovered in any of the affected patients. A mutation previously considered causative of FECD (Arg434His) was shown not to segregate with the disease in the one family in which it was identified. Two previously identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Pro575Leu and Pro586Pro, were identified in a single affected individual and three affected individuals (two families), respectively. CONCLUSIONS. The Arg434His mutation in the COL8A2 gene, previously associated with FECD, has been shown not to segregate with the disease phenotype, and thus may not be considered a disease-causing mutation. The absence of pathogenic mutations identified in the COL8A1 or COL8A2 genes in affected members of 15 pedigrees with familial FECD indicates that other genetic factors are involved in the development of this autosomal dominant corneal dystrophy. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:3787‐3790) DOI:10.1167/iovs.05-1635
Hemodynamic evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft lesions using fractional flow reserve

Background: Coronary angiography is limited by its inability to assess the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis. The assessment of the physiological significance of saphenous vein graft (SVG) lesions with a pressure wire to determine the fractional flow reserve (FFR) is lacking. Methods: FFR was determined in 10 SVG lesions of 10 males who had stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) prior to referral for percutaneous coronary intervention for clinical indications. Results: All SVGs had a diameter stenosis (DS) >50% and 30% had a DS ≥70%. A significant FFR was present in 30% of patients. Ischemia along the territory of the SVG was present in 20% of patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of FFR <0.75 for the detection of ischemia on stress MPI were 50, 75, 33, 85, and 70%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of FFR <0.75 for detecting ≥70% DS on angiography were 33, 71, 33, 71, and 60%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between FFR and % DS (R2 = 0.1, P = 0.35). Conclusion: The use of FFR to assess the physiological significance of SVG lesions is feasible and provides an acceptable specificity and negative predictive value compared to stress MPI. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Potential of Alcohol “Heat-of-the-Moment” Scenarios in HIV Prevention: A Qualitative Study Exploring Intervention Implications

Scenarios simulating real-world risk situations have proven effective for substance use intervention methods and could potentially prove useful as an HIV-prevention method. This study explored qualitatively the development and use of such “in-the-moment” methods. We interviewed 97 moderate-drinking women (50 % Caucasian) after participation in an experiment requiring that they project themselves into a risky-sex scenario. Most participants (58 %) reported experiencing the scenario as a reflective tool characterized by two primary themes: (1) increased awareness of risk and (2) contemplation of behavior change. Findings suggest that “in-the-moment” methods depicting real-world risk situations and providing opportunities to reflect about behavioral choices and subsequent outcomes could prove a useful adjunct to HIV/AIDS-prevention interventions. Such methods could potentially augment existing prevention protocols.
Stimulant and depressant effects of beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents on isolated heart muscle. A positive inotropic effect not mediated through andrenoceptors.

The chronotropic and inotropic effects of fourteen β-adrenoceptor blocking agents were studied in vitro on preparations of isolated heart muscle from kittens and guinea pigs. Most of the agents exert negative inotropic and chronotropic effects that increase rapidly with concentration above 10−6 M. Exceptions are the closely related compounds practolol and atenolol, which have minimal depressant effects in concentrations as high as 2×10−3 M. Dose-response relations for the depressant effects are similar for pacemaker frequency and for tension development in atrial and papillary muscle. The cardiodepressant effects of β-blockers are non-stereospecific and are apparently unrelated to the actions of the drugs at β-adrenoceptors. Many β-blockers exert positive inotropic and chronotropic effects at concentrations lower than those that depress. The stimulant effects are slow in onset and do not fade. In most instances these effects are blocked by propranolol and may therefore be considered to be mediated through β-adrenoceptors; (−)-enantiomers are more potent than (+)-enantiomers as adrenoceptor stimulants. Adrenoceptor-mediated inotropic effects are usually more pronounced in atrial than in ventricular muscle. Certain β-blockers, notably INPEA and sotalol, exert positive inotropic effects that are not blocked by propranolol or phenoxybenzamine. The effects are very slow in onset and offset, and are accompanied by the development of contractions with a late tonic component which coincides with a greatly prolonged action potential. Unlike the adrenoceptor-mediated effect, the non-sympathomimetic inotropic effect is more pronounced in ventricular than in atrial muscle, and is not stereospecific. Pindolol also causes the development of a late tonic component, but the accompanying positive inotropic effect is overcome by the simultaneous development of the depressant action of the drug.
Simplifying autonomic enterprise java bean applications via model-driven development: a case study

Autonomic computer systems aim to reduce the configuration, operational, and maintenance costs of distributed applications by enabling them to self-manage, self-heal, self-optimize, self-configure, and self-protect. This pa-per provides two contributions to the model-driven development (MDD) of autonomic computing systems using Enterprise Java Beans (EJBs). First, we describe the structure and functionality of an MDD tool that formally captures the design of EJB applications, their quality of service (QoS) requirements, and the autonomic properties applied to the EJBs to support the rapid development of autonomic EJB applications via code generation, automatic checking of model correctness, and visualization of complex QoS and autonomic properties. Second, the paper describes how MDD tools can generate code to plug EJBs into a Java component framework that provides an autonomic structure to monitor, configure, and execute EJBs and their adaptation strategies at run-time. We present a case study that evaluates how these tools and frameworks work to reduce the complexity of developing autonomic applications.
Lack of effect of L-carnitine supplementation on weight gain in very preterm infants

Carnitine transfer across the placenta occurs predominantly during the third trimester. Unless L-carnitine is provided, very preterm infants develop carnitine deficiency. Although breast milk and infant formulas contain L-carnitine, parenteral nutrition solutions do not routinely provide L-carnitine. We hypothesized that prolonged L-carnitine supplementation in very preterm infants would improve weight gain and shorten length of stay in the hospital. The study was a double-blind parallel placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. Eligible patients were <29 weeks of gestation, <72 hours of age, and did not have a potentially life-threatening congenital malformation or hereditary metabolic disorder. Patients were stratified by gestational age (23 to 256/7 and 26 to 286/7 weeks), and randomized to receive, either L-carnitine at a dose of 50?μmol/kg/day, or placebo. Carnitine was provided intravenously until the infants tolerated 16?ml/day of feeds. The sample size was calculated to have 80% power to detect a 10% increase in weight gain from birth until 36 weeks of postmenstrual age or discharge from the hospital. Secondary outcome variables included food efficiency (defined as weight gain divided by caloric intake), weight gain at 4 weeks of age, time to regain birth weight and length of stay. Among the 63 infants enrolled in the trial, 32 were randomized to L-carnitine and 31 to placebo. L-Carnitine supplementation did not significantly affect average daily weight gain from birth until 36 weeks or hospital discharge, or any of the secondary outcome variables. Prolonged supplementation of L-carnitine did not improve long-term weight gain in very preterm infants.
Efficacy and safety of atrasentan in patients with cardiovascular risk and early atherosclerosis.

Endothelin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and hemodynamic and metabolic responses to 6 months treatment with atrasentan, the selective endothelin-A receptor antagonist. Seventy-two patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors and nonobstructive coronary artery disease on coronary angiogram were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to atrasentan or placebo. Mean aortic blood pressure decreased from 92±10 to 80±10 mm Hg (P<0.001) in the atrasentan group and did not change in the placebo group (93±10 and 92±11 mm Hg; P=0.84). The difference between the groups was significant (P<0.001). No effect on heart rate was observed. In a subgroup of patients not treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, creatinine level decreased in the atrasentan versus the placebo group (P=0.011). Fasting glucose (P=0.026), glycosylated hemoglobin level (P=0.041), triglyceride l (P=0.013), lipoprotein-A (P=0.046), and uric acid levels (P=0.048) decreased significantly in the atrasentan group compared with the placebo group. No progression of angiographic coronary disease was observed. The most common adverse effects with atrasentan were nasal stuffiness, headache, and edema. In conclusion, 6 months of treatment with atrasentan results in a reduction of blood pressure and improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism. These findings suggest the beneficial role of atrasentan in the treatment of hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
Share contracts and macroeconomic externalities

Abstract Weitzman's analysis of the share economy contrasts fixed-wage and fixed-share contracts; this paper notes that neither is an optimal labor contract, rendering the comparison suspect. Given this comparison, though, share contracts may be superior to wage contracts in an economy characterized by a “macroeconomic externality,” whereby firm-level employment decisions affect the demand for other firms' goods.
A new methodological approach to the study of interpersonal influence tactics: A “test drive” of a behavioral scheme

Abstract The purpose of the paper is to examine the usefulness of a new scheme for analyzing interpersonal influence tactics. Observational methods are used to study negotiation processes specifically. Fifty-eight businesspeople participated in a two-person, face-to-face buyer-seller negotiation simulation. All 29 interactions were tape-recorded and then transcribed. Conversational content, linguistic structure, and paralinguistic variables were coded. Relationships among the behaviors measured and a variety of other criteria were used to explore the utility of the scheme. Variables in the scheme were found to be related to survey measures of similar concepts, gender, role of the bargainer, and negotiation outcomes. Directions for future research are discussed.
Adolescent adjustment to amputation

We investigated the psychological effects of amputation on adolescent patients by interviewing 27 persons who had a limb amputation because of cancer during their adolescence and compared them to data obtained from eight patients with amputations due to trauma at similar ages. In cancer patients, mobility-related activities and social matters including relations with peers and the opposite sex and self-consciousness were of paramount concern. All cancer patients considered themselves functionally independent and 67% had little or no concern for the future. While malignancy and amputation had a significant impact on the patients' lives, the vast majority had a positive view of life and 85% were found to have what we assessed as adequate overall adjustment. Individual variables examined included marital and child-bearing patterns, educational attainments, vocational attainments, perceived parental and peer support, adaptation to prosthesis, and variables relating to general outlook on life and psychological adjustment. Our results suggest that the patients who have had amputations due to malignancy differ from traumatic amputees in their adjustment to amputation, with cancer patients showing, in many instances, evidence of better adaptation to disability. This may in part be due to different backgrounds and social orientation of traumatic amputees. We found the majority of cancer amputees to adjust well to their circumstances and to report leading full and productive lives.
Soil surface organic layers in Arctic Alaska: Spatial distribution, rates of formation, and microclimatic effects

Organic layers of living and dead vegetation cover the ground surface in many permafrost landscapes and play important roles in ecosystem processes. These soil surface organic layers (SSOLs) store large amounts of carbon and buffer the underlying permafrost and its contained carbon from changes in aboveground climate. Understanding the dynamics of SSOLs is a prerequisite for predicting how permafrost and carbon stocks will respond to warming climate. Here we ask three questions about SSOLs in a representative area of the Arctic Foothills region of northern Alaska: (1) What environmental factors control the thickness of SSOLs and the carbon they store? (2) How long do SSOLs take to develop on newly stabilized point bars? (3) How do SSOLs affect temperature in the underlying ground? Results show that SSOL thickness and distribution correlate with elevation, drainage area, vegetation productivity, and incoming solar radiation. A multiple regression model based on these correlations can simulate spatial distribution of SSOLs and estimate the organic carbon stored there. SSOLs develop within a few decades after a new, sandy, geomorphic surface stabilizes but require 500–700 years to reach steady state thickness. Mature SSOLs lower the growing season temperature and mean annual temperature of the underlying mineral soil by 8 and 3°C, respectively. We suggest that the proximate effects of warming climate on permafrost landscapes now covered by SSOLs will occur indirectly via climate's effects on the frequency, extent, and severity of disturbances like fires and landslides that disrupt the SSOLs and interfere with their protection of the underlying permafrost.
A Dual Mechanism for Intestinal Motor Effects of Methyl Methacrylate Vapor

ABSTRACTThe influence of methyl methacrylate (MMA) vapor on the motor activity of the isolated guinea pig ileum is summarized in this report. MMA vapor was delivered to innervated and denervated strips via the tissue bath air supply at a concentration of 755 ± 38 ppm. Innervated strips usually showed spontaneous motor activities (sma) which developed shortly after the muscle was mounted. None of the denervated strips exhibited sma. Upon exposure to MMA vapor, there was a rapid and significant decrease in sma and in the contractile responses to electric field stimulation and 0.01 mg acetylcholine administration. Denervated strips demonstrated a similar reduction in response magnitude to electric field and drug stimulation but required a longer time period. The persistence of the MMA-induced inhibitory response of the denervated strips indicates that the inhibitory effect is partly due to a direct action of the agent upon the contractile mechanism of the snail intestine.
Acute recurring pancreatitis: a manifestation of duodenal amyloid deposition. Case report and review.

Acute recurring pancreatitis (ARP) secondary to duodenal amyloid deposition has not been previously reported. Although there have been reports of cases of solitary duodenal amyloidoma and GI tract amyloid deposition, the complication of ARP has not been described. Most reports of ARP describe associations with medications, ethanol ingestion, pancreas divisum, choledochocele, and gallstones.1 Management typically consists of intravenous fluid hydration, withdrawal of the underlying precipitant (if known), bowel rest, and analgesia. This report presents a case of ARP secondary to duodenal amyloid deposition that was refractory to conservative therapy and required surgical intervention.
Interaction of Ingested Leucine with Glycine on Insulin and Glucose Concentrations

The majority of individual amino acids increase insulin and attenuate the plasma glucose response when ingested with glucose. Objective. To determine whether ingestion of two amino acids simultaneously, with glucose, would result in an additive effect. Leucine (Leu) and glycine (Gly) were chosen because they were two of the most potent glucose-lowering amino acids when given individually. Materials and Methods. Nine subjects received test items on four separate days. The first was a water control, then 25 g glucose, or Leu + Gly (1 mmol/kg fat-free mass each) ±25 g glucose, in random order. Glucose, insulin, and glucagon were measured frequently for 2.5 hours. Net areas were calculated. Results. The glucose area response decreased by 66%. The insulin area response increased by 24% after ingestion of Leu + Gly + glucose compared to ingestion of glucose alone. The decrease in glucose response was not additive; the increase in insulin response was far less than additive when compared to previously published individual amino acid results. The glucagon concentration remained unchanged. Conclusion. There is an interaction between Leu and Gly that results in a markedly attenuated glucose response. This occurred with a very modest increase in insulin response. Changes in glucagon response could not explain the results. The mechanism is unknown.
Role of somatosensory input in the control of human posture

Abstract In this study we investigated the effects of somatosensory deficits on the control of balance during quiet stance using subjects with demonstrated loss of sensation to touch, joint movement perception, proprioception, and other somatosensory stimuli secondary to diabetic neuropathy. The results indicate that somatosensory deficits resulting from diabetic neuropathy lead to a marked decrease in the ability to maintain a stable stance position. Furthermore, this study clearly demonstrates that somatosensory function is at least as important as vision in the control of posture during quiet stance, and that the visual and vestibular systems cannot fully compensate for diminished somatosensory input.
New results on terahertz HEB low-noise receivers and focal plane arrays

HEB technology continues to extend the sate-of-the-art for THz low-noise receivers. This talk discusses recent measured noise temperatures for NbN HEB receivers form which we infer intrinsic noise temperatures which approach the quantum noise limit within a factor of 3-5. We discuss the feasibility of achieving noise temperatures even close to the quantum limit noting that this limit has been reached both at lower frequencies and at higher frequencies. Another approach for considerably enhancing the speed with which THz receivers collect data is to employ a focal plane array system. We will discuss our design approach and general constraints for such a system.
Plume fluxes from seismic tomography

We use mantle plume images from finite frequency tomography and the Stokes equation to obtain a quantitative estimate of the heat and volume flux across several well resolved plume sections in mid-mantle. Although not a perfect barrier, widening of plumes just below 670 km depth indicates that the phase transition from ringwoodite to perovskite plus magnesowustite and possibly iron enrichment of the lower mantle resists plume passage into the upper mantle. Estimated heat- and volume flux for individual plumes at mid-mantle depths is greater than predicted by surface observations of buoyancy flux, even for very high viscosity. Although uncertainties are large, the high flux observed in plumes at mid-mantle depth is compatible with the view that plumes are responsible for all upward advective heat transport in the lower mantle that eventually breaks through into the upper mantle.
Hip-hop and the academic canon

Over the last 30 years, the hip-hop movement has risen from the margins to become the preeminent force in US popular culture. In more recent times academics have begun to harness the power of hip-hop culture and use it as a means of infusing transformative knowledge into the mainstream academic discourse. On many college campuses, hip-hop’s influence has begun to extend beyond the classroom. Hip-hop think tanks and archives have been established as instructors have recorded and released hip-hop albums. Hip-Hop based cultural groups have begun appearing, and several campuses have hosted hip-hop conferences. As hip-hop increasingly permeates the highest levels of the academy, its effectiveness as curriculum continues to gain credibility. Consequently, it has begun to seep down the educational ladder in the form of curriculum for high school and junior high students. This unique cultural movement continues to carve out a significant space for itself in the transformative academic movement.
Control of Photosynthetic and High-Light-Responsive Genes by the Histidine Kinase DspA: Negative and Positive Regulation and Interactions between Signal Transduction Pathways

We have deleted a gene for a sensor histidine kinase, dspA (or hik33), in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. In low and moderate light, the mutant grew slowly under photoautotrophic conditions, with a doubling time of ∼40 h, and had severely reduced photosynthetic oxygen evolution. When the mutant was maintained in low or moderate light in the presence of glucose, its growth rate was only somewhat lower than that of wild-type cells. However, the mutant was light sensitive and rapidly died in high light. Furthermore, levels of many transcripts encoding genes associated with photosynthesis were altered in the mutant relative to wild-type Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 both in low light and following exposure to high light. There was constitutive expression of several high-light-inducible genes, including hli, psbAIII, and gpx2; there was little increased accumulation of sodB mRNA in high light; and the cells failed to accumulate cpcBA and psaAB mRNAs in low light in the presence of glucose, although a normal decline in the levels of these mRNAs was observed during exposure to high light. These results suggest that DspA is involved in controlling sets of photosynthetic and high-light-responsive genes, either directly or indirectly. These and other results, some of which are presented in a companion paper (C.-J. Tu, J. Shrager, R. Burnap, B. L. Postier, and A. R. Grossman, J. Bacteriol. 186:3889-3902, 2004), suggest that DspA acts as a global regulator that helps coordinate cellular metabolism with growth limitations imposed by environmental conditions.
Interaction of free viewpoint 3D video with a haptic-based environment for training applications

Traditional 2D video sequences have been characterized as a static and rigid set of scenes. This mature technology faces two major drawbacks: 2D video scenes as a set of standstill and inflexible sequences, and the limited data available to the viewer, that is, no free selection of viewpoint. A novel image media channel has been proposed to record dynamic visual scenario in the real world defined as 3D video. Creativity and imagination has made possible a closer interaction between humans and computers. This interaction depends on haptics, that is, the sense of touch given by computer technology. Virtual reality environment is evolving towards more realistic graphical representations. In this paper we will present a novel approach to integrating free viewpoint 3D video with haptic devices in an environment suitable for training.
Generating Rotating Magnetic Fields With a Single Permanent Magnet for Propulsion of Untethered Magnetic Devices in a Lumen

To date, untethered magnetic devices actuated with a single rotating permanent magnet, such as active capsule endoscopes and magnetic microrobots, have been constrained to operate in positions where the rotating dipole field behavior is simple and easy to visualize. In this paper, we show how to generate a rotating magnetic field with any desired rotation axis, for magnetic device actuation, at any device position in space using a single rotating-magnet actuator. The methods presented can control untethered rotating magnetic devices, while the rotating actuator magnet follows trajectories independent of the untethered devices themselves. We demonstrate our methods by actuating rotating magnetic devices in a lumen. Applications include minimally invasive medical tasks requiring an untethered magnetic device to operate in natural lumen pathways of the body (e.g., the gastrointestinal system, the subarachnoid space of the nervous system, or vasculature).
Clinical utility and future of genetic profiles for breast cancer

The era of breast cancer as a single disease, and one-size-fits-all treatment, has passed. Hormone receptor status has allowed us to identify two phenotypic subtypes of breast cancer superimposed on the existing light microscopic histologic classifications, and in recent years HER2 has added a third axis of categorization. These three markers (ER, PR, and HER2) share the fact that they are linked inextricably to treatment decisions as the functional targets of specific agents and therefore to a degree the treatment has defined the disease. With the availability of molecular subtyping relying on mRNA in paraffin-embedded tissue or fresh-frozen material, precise assessments of gene loci for amplification, deletion, or mutation, and the development of high-throughput techniques, we now are at the beginning of an era when it may be possible and appropriate to generate a genetic profile for each patient's tumor such that we will subset breast cancer further and will tailor therapy for these subsets. Already two commercial tests are available to clinicians (Mammaprint and OncytopeDx), each offering prognostic information based on a collection of genes – and the latter also providing predictive information with regard to the value of chemotherapy. Each is currently being tested in prospective studies to provide additional information about how best to integrate them into routine care. On the horizon are newer and potentially more informative techniques, such as representational oligonucleotide microarray, a version of comparative genomic hybridization, which can provide more detail regarding gene amplifications and deletions. This presentation will review the available technologies and discuss their potential clinical utility.
CADRE: Cycle-Accurate Deterministic Replay for Hardware Debugging

One of the main reasons for the difficulty of hardware verification is that hardware platforms are typically nondeterministic at clock-cycle granularity. Uninitialized state elements, I/O, and timing variations on high-speed buses all introduce nondeterminism that causes different behavior on different runs starting from the same initial state. To improve our ability to debug hardware, we would like to completely eliminate nondeterminism. This paper introduces the cycle-accurate deterministic replay (CADRE) architecture, which cost-effectively makes a board-level computer cycle-accurate deterministic. We characterize the sources of nondeterminism in computers and show how to address them. In particular, we introduce a novel scheme to ensure deterministic communication on source-synchronous buses that cross clock-domain boundaries. Experiments show that CADRE on a 4-way multiprocessor server enables cycle-accurate deterministic execution of one-second intervals with modest buffering requirements (around 200MB) and minimal performance loss (around 1%). Moreover, CADRE has modest hardware requirements
Analysis of degrees of freedom under mixture Gaussian model in cognitive radio systems

Abstract We propose a mixture-Gaussian model for a cognitive radio channel to analyze the interplay between the interference in the system and the degrees-of-freedom (DOF), i.e., the average number of channel uses per transmission frame, used by the secondary user (SU) for communications in the long run. In contrast to the conventional studies, we assume that the SU receiver (SU-RX) does not precisely know whether the primary-user (PU) transmitter is on or off. Due to this assumption the resulting interference channel is mixture-Gaussian. Our objective is to find the optimal sensing threshold and sensing time for the signal detector used by the SU transmitter (SU-TX). Our formulation of the optimization problem reflects the trade-off between SU-TX’s DOF for communications and that for detection. Both the DOFs affect PU’s interference to SU, and SU’s interference to PU. The latter interference causes PU performance degradation, which is kept within tolerable range as a constraint. As a further contribution, we define interference regimes for SU performance on the basis of PU transmission power level. We also address the scenario when PU receiver uses the nearest neighbor decoding while wrongly anticipating that the channel is Gaussian. Finally, we demonstrate that even if SU-TX’s signal detector performs suboptimally, SU can still achieve the optimal detector’s performance in the high interference regime by adjusting the sensing parameters.
Conversations within and between two early lieder of Schubert

Biographical background and musical analysis reveal a remarkable relationship between Franz Schubert’s early lieder ‘An die Geliebte’ and ‘An die Nachtigall’. In ‘An die Geliebte’, tonal ambiguity underscores the indeterminate nature of its narrative, permitting multiple coexistent and contrasting expressive meanings while favouring an ironic interpretation and an intriguing subtext. In ‘An die Nachtigall’, whose introduction and first phrase are similar to the opening of ‘An die Geliebte’, multiple expressive meanings also may be discerned, including an ironic interpretation that emerges when the song is considered in the context of its predecessor. Proceeding from a prior discussion of these lieder by Susan Youens, this essay will reveal unsuspected layers of meaning and a contextual process that unfolds in these unassuming yet engaging songs of Schubert, which uniquely converse with one another and frame an important episode in the composer’s life.
The odds of rolling snake eyes

![Graphic][1] Most vertebrate retinas are composed of two types of photoreceptors: rods, for dim light vision, and cones, for color vision under brighter conditions. However, several interesting exceptions to this duplex organization are seen in the squamate reptiles, a scaly group that
Pressure Matching Types between Caprock and Reservoir and Relation between Them and Gas Reserves Abundance in Gas Reservoir

By the study of characteristics of displacement pressure of caprock and pressures of reservoir,pressure matching types between caprock and reservoir of gas reservoirs and the relationship gas reserves abundance have been studied.Matching between highest pressure of caprock and low pressure of reservoir is considered to be the most favorable for gas to accumulate.The second are the matching between highest pressure of caprock and normal pressure of reservoir and the matching between higher pressure of caprock and low pressure of reservoir.The other matching types are bad.The statistics shows that there are 4 pressure matching types between caprock and reservoir in 46 large and medium gas fields in China.The most matching type is highest pressure of caprock with highest pressure of reservoir.The second matching is highest pressure of caprock with higher pressure of reservoir.The less matching is highest pressure of caprock with normal pressure of reservoir.The least matching is highest pressure of caprock with low pressure of reservoir.The statistics indicate that within the 46 large and medium gas fields in China the most are in low gas reserves abundance.The second are in high and middle gas reserves abundance.The minor are in lower gas reserves abundance.The study of relation between pressure matching types of caprock and reservoir and gas reserves abundance of 46 large and medium gas fields in China suggests that matching type of highest pressure of caprock with normal pressure of reservoir and matching type of highest pressure of caprock with highest pressure of reservoir are the best pressure matching types to form large and medium gas fields with high and middle gas reserves abundance.
Analysis and implementation of distributed algorithms for multi-robot systems

Distributed algorithms for multi-robot systems rely on network communications to share information. However, the motion of the robots changes the network topology, which affects the information presented to the algorithm. For an algorithm to produce accurate output, robots need to communicate rapidly enough to keep the network topology correlated to their physical configuration. Infrequent communications will cause most multi-robot distributed algorithms to produce less accurate results, and cause some algorithms to stop working altogether. The central theme of this work is that algorithm accuracy, communications bandwidth, and physical robot speed are related. This thesis has three main contributions: First, I develop a prototypical multi-robot application and computational model, propose a set of complexity metrics to evaluate distributed algorithm performance on multi-robot systems, and introduce the idea of the robot speed ratio, a dimensionless measure of robot speed relative to message speed in networks that rely on multi-hop communication. The robot speed ratio captures key relationships between communications bandwidth, mobility, and algorithm accuracy, and can be used at design time to trade off between them. I use this speed ratio to evaluate the performance of existing distributed algorithms for multi-hop communication and navigation. Second, I present a definition of boundaries in multi-robot systems, and develop new distributed algorithms to detect and characterize them. Finally, I define the problem of dynamic task assignment, and present four distributed algorithms that solve this problem, each representing a different trade-off between accuracy, running time, and communication resources. All the algorithms presented in this work are provably correct under ideal conditions and produce verifiable real-world performance. They are self-stabilizing and robust to communications failures, population changes, and other errors. All the algorithms were tested on a swarm of 112 robots. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Lectures on Infinitary Model Theory

Infinitary logic, the logic of languages with infinitely long conjunctions, plays an important role in model theory, recursion theory and descriptive set theory. This book is the first modern introduction to the subject in forty years, and will bring students and researchers in all areas of mathematical logic up to the threshold of modern research. The classical topics of back-and-forth systems, model existence techniques, indiscernibles and end extensions are covered before more modern topics are surveyed. Zilber's categoricity theorem for quasiminimal excellent classes is proved and an application is given to covers of multiplicative groups. Infinitary methods are also used to study uncountable models of counterexamples to Vaught's conjecture, and effective aspects of infinitary model theory are reviewed, including an introduction to Montalban's recent work on spectra of Vaught counterexamples. Self-contained introductions to effective descriptive set theory and hyperarithmetic theory are provided, as is an appendix on admissible model theory.
Introduction: 20,000 Fools

Although French bureaucracy already existed, the French Revolution invented the ‘bureaucrat’. The word was first used by the journalist Fouilloux in the Pere Duchesne in 1791, writing that the object of his most justified contempt was the bureaucrat, product of the ‘famine pact’, harbinger of a ‘new mode of servitude’.1 The word ‘bureaucrat’ – distinct from both ‘agent’ and ‘administrator’ – was then officially codified by La neologiste francaise in 1796 as an ‘expression of contempt’. ‘Bureaucracy’, according to the Neologiste, was not a form of government, but, rather, the collective noun for ‘bureaucrats’, and a means to refer to their malign influence.2
Hemodialysis Prescription for Incident Patients: Twice Seems Nice, But Is It Incremental?

ysis therapy. 1 The majority of these people will be treated with a fixed-dose (single-pool Kt/Vurea [spKt/ Vurea] $ 1.2) thrice-weekly hemodialysis regimen irrespective of whether they are just starting dialysis therapy (incident) or have been receiving dialysis for some time (prevalent) and without consideration for residual kidney function (RKF). Although the regulatory agencies might consider this hemodialysis regimen as “standard of care” and “adequate,” it is by no means perfect. 2-4 Therefore, questions remain. What is the optimal regimen for incident hemodialysis patients? How did we get to the current fixed-dose thrice-weekly paradigm? How do we move forward? The path to thrice-weekly hemodialysis was gradual, guided by dialysis prescribed to control patient symp
Assessing Interprofessional Interactions of Primary Care Practitioner Trainees.

Abstract Introduction The patient-centered medical home model is transforming the delivery of outpatient care, with improved quality of care, better patient experiences, and enhanced processes of c...
Normal Electron Self-energy and Pairing Self-energy in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8

This chapter demonstrates the direct observation of the electron-hole mixing in Bi2212 at low temperature. Normal self-energy and pairing self-energy has provided critical evidence in proving the phonon as the glue of pairing in the BCS theory of superconductivity. The extraction of density of states of pairing glue in conventional superconductors is based on high-precision tunneling experiments which have no momentum resolution. For cuprate superconductors of which the electronic structure is highly anisotropic, it demands techniques with momentum resolution to do the similar extraction. Based on high resolution ARPES and the direct observation of particle-hole mixing in MDC, by fitting the momentum distribution curves (MDCs), the complex electron self-energies and complex gap functions in superconducting state were extracted. The obtained complex gap function could be used to extract the bosonic spectral function associated with high-temperature superconductivity.
Two core implementation of coupled inductor for parallel three-phase power converters

Coupled inductors are widely used for parallel operation of three-phase converters. By adding one coupled inductor for each phase, the circulating current between two converters can be effectively suppressed. The conventional structure of the coupled inductor is originated from DC-DC conversion and does not employ any characteristics of 3-phase system. In this paper, an integrated structure of coupled inductors is proposed for 3-phase AC-DC power conversion. According to the differential-mode and common-mode, three coupled inductors can be integrated into two; one for suppressing differential-mode circulating current, the other for common-mode circulating current. The proposed integrated coupled inductors can easily be built with standard shape cores. The validity of proposed integration is verified by an experiment with 2kW paralleled converters. With proposed integration, the total weight of the coupled inductors could be reduced by 30%.
Bruised platelet transfusions work.

In this issue of Blood , Kelly et al report on a clinical trial that addressed the question of whether genetic differences in donor platelet reactivity affect the clinical outcome from transfusion, and they report no effect of hyperreactivity. 1