cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A guide to team incentive systems

The growing use of teams in the workplace has led to an increasing number of incentive systems designed to motivate team performance. The present paper reviews such incentive systems, including: team gainsharing/profit‐sharing incentive systems; team goal‐based incentive systems; team discretionary bonus systems; team skill incentive systems; team member skill incentive systems; team member goal‐based incentive systems; and team member merit incentive systems. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of each team incentive system is reviewed. Generally, two factors affect the usefulness of a given team incentive system: team interdependence (both within and between teams) and team type (i.e., full‐ or part‐time). Based upon these factors, guidelines for the implementation of each team incentive system are provided.
Dose-related effects of salvinorin A in humans: dissociative, hallucinogenic, and memory effects.

Rationale Salvinorin A is a kappa opioid agonist and the principal psychoactive constituent of the plant Salvia divinorum, which has increased in popularity as a recreational drug over the past decade. Few human studies have examined salvinorin A.
The Aspect Hypothesis, the comparative fallacy and the validity of obligatory context analysis: a reply to Lardiere, 2003:

Lardiere (2003), in her reply to Lakshmanan and Selinker (2001), justifies the use of suppliance in obligatory contexts as a method of analysis in the investigation of the second language (L2) acquisition of past tense, and claims that such a method is characteristic of previous studies that have proposed the Aspect Hypothesis. It is argued here that this is a misrepresentation of research on the Aspect Hypothesis which, contra Lardiere, takes seriously the problem of the ‘comparative fallacy’ and the autonomous nature of interlanguage. Lardiere also argues that the Aspect Hypothesis studies suffer from a different kind of comparative fallacy, to which I reply by discussing the importance of refining methods of analysis in verb aspectual classification of learner data.
Collecting and Using Assessment Data for Ensuring Access to the General Education Curriculum.

As the context of special education has changed in the last quarter century, the role and work of the IEP team also has evolved. Today, the general education curriculum is central to the educational programs of all students. The expectation that is clearly communicated in federal policies and regulations, such as the No Child Left Behind Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997, is that all students will make meaningful, substantial progress in the general education curriculum. The IEP is no longer a substitute for the general education curriculum, but a tool for implementing it. As a result, IEP teams must understand the nature of the general education curriculum and employ effective decision-making strategies in selecting appropriate accommodations and modifications that will enable students with disabilities to make progress in it. Assessment for IEP planning must be aimed at providing information about the curricular and instructional supports that are needed for access to the c...
Information in sampling rules

Abstract Since data gathering is usually expensive compared to data analysis, it is sensible to extract as much information as possible from data that is available and from any other source. Sometimes, extraction of information from the sampling rule is possible. This paper presents an operationally useful definition of sampling rule, based on the concepts of stopping rules and selection rules. Conditions under which a sampling rule is informative are derived. Finally, two examples of informative sampling rules are explored.
The Tyranny of Empire: Another View of Development

The United States has had two empires. Under the first, from roughly 1950 to 1980, it was too busy to bother controlling the policies of the developing world. Under this regime, poorer countries did relatively well. In the second empire, which has reigned since then, it has felt obliged to set those policies, and poorer countries have done relatively poorly. Is there a connection? Yes, says this specialist from MIT.
Fetal rehydration via intraamniotic fluid: contribution of fetal swallowing.

ABSTRACT: Amniotic fluid volume is regulated by a balance of fetal fluid production and resorption. Although fetal swallowing is believed to be a major site of fluid resorption, additional routes of fluid exchange also may contribute. In our present study, five chronically prepared, water-restricted, pregnant ewes with singleton fetuses (128 ± 1 d) were rehydrated via an intraamniotic infusion (100 mL/h over 90 min) of 0.075 M saline. In response to the maternal water restriction, significant increases were noted in maternal and fetal plasma osmolalities (306.6 ± 1.2 to 315.4 ± 2.4; 300.5 ± 1.5 to 311.0 ± 1.6 mosmol/kg, respectively) and arginine vasopressin concentrations (1.9 ± 0.2 to 22.6 ± 5.0; 1.5 ± 0.1 to 8.5 + 2.2 pg/mL, respectively). After the intraamniotic infusion, fetal plasma osmolality (311.0 ± 1.6 to 303.0 ± 1.2 mosmol/kg) and hematocrit (36.7 ± 1.9 to 33.8 ± 1.4%) significantly decreased although there was no change in maternal arterial blood values. Fetal swallowing averaged 0.39 ± 0.10 mL/min during the basal period and 0.34 ± 0.17 mL/min at maximum dehydration, and decreased significantly to 0.19 ± 0.07 mL/min in response to the intraamniotic infusion. These results indicate the rapid absorption of intraamniotic fluid by the dehydrated ovine fetus, despite the suppression of fetal swallowing. The volume swallowed during and after the intraamniotic infusion was insufficient to account for the observed changes in fetal plasma osmolality and hematocrit. Thus, alternative routes of fluid absorption (i.e. intramembranous flow) likely predominate under conditions of increased fetal plasma to amniotic fluid osmotic gradients.
“American Chimera: The Ever-Present Domination of Whiteness, Patriarchy, and Capitalism…A Parable”

AbstractIn Greek mythology, the Chimera is a fire-breathing monster with three heads: one of a lion, one of a horned goat, and one of a powerful dragon. Of similar construction is the presence of three structures in US society, whiteness, patriarchy, and capitalism, which are overwhelmingly represented, valued, and espoused when examining areas of progress, i.e., family income, poverty rates, high school and college graduation rates, and home ownership. This modern American three-headed beast controls, manipulates, and permeates all aspects of US society irrespective of class, culture, or gender. Using critical race theory and critical whiteness studies, this critically interpretive parable draws from the ways in which whiteness, patriarchy, and capitalism function in social, cultural, economic, and educational spheres. The parable tells the story of Sue Libertad and analyzes how this metaphorical Chimera, despite its ubiquity, silently permeates all aspects of her life. Not until a tragic outbreak occurs...
Teaching Plan for Assembly Language and Programming: Conditional Directives and Macro Directives

A teaching plan for assembly language and programming---conditional directives and macro directives was recorded in this paper. We changed the traditional teaching method and exchanged the roles of the teacher and students in the class. It was taught by some students, discussed by all students and summarized by the teacher at last. The enthusiasm and initiative of students were activated in maximum and got obvious teaching effects.
Mutants of Type II Heat-Labile Enterotoxin LT-IIa with Altered Ganglioside-Binding Activities and Diminished Toxicity Are Potent Mucosal Adjuvants

The structure and function LT-IIa, a type II heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli, are closely related to the structures and functions of cholera toxin and LT-I, the type I heat-labile enterotoxins of Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, respectively. While LT-IIa is a potent systemic and mucosal adjuvant, recent studies demonstrated that mutant LT-IIa(T34I), which exhibits no detectable binding activity as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with gangliosides GD1b, GD1a, and GM1 is a very poor adjuvant. To evaluate whether other mutant LT-IIa enterotoxins that also exhibit diminished ganglioside-binding activities have greater adjuvant activities, BALB/c mice were immunized by the intranasal route with the surface adhesin protein AgI/II of Streptococcus mutans alone or in combination with LT-IIa, LT-IIa(T14S), LT-IIa(T14I), or LT-IIa(T14D). All three mutant enterotoxins potentiated strong mucosal immune responses that were equivalent to the response promulgated by wt LT-IIa. All three mutant enterotoxins augmented the systemic immune responses that correlated with their ganglioside-binding activities. Only LT-IIa and LT-IIa(T14S), however, enhanced expression of major histocompatibility complex class II and the costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86 on splenic dendritic cells. LT-IIa(T14I) and LT-IIa(T14D) had extremely diminished toxicities in a mouse Y1 adrenal cell bioassay and reduced abilities to induce the accumulation of intracellular cyclic AMP in a macrophage cell line.
English exposure in the home and classroom: predictions to Spanish-speaking preschoolers' English vocabulary skills

This study examined the combined and unique contributions of home, teacher, and peer English exposure levels on Spanish-speaking preschoolers' (N = 107) English receptive and expressive vocabulary skills. The combined levels of English exposure during the fall of preschool were positively associated with children's English receptive and expressive vocabulary skills in the spring. Furthermore, English exposure levels at home were uniquely and positively associated with children's English receptive and expressive vocabularies, whereas peer English exposure levels were uniquely and positively associated with children's English expressive vocabulary. Teachers' English exposure levels were not uniquely associated with children's English vocabulary. The findings highlight the importance of the home environment and peer experiences in the classroom for maximizing Spanish-speaking children's early English vocabulary skills.
Extended survival after evacuation of subdural hematoma in a 102-year-old patient: case report and review of the literature.

Abstract Background Outcomes for elderly patients undergoing craniotomy for evacuation of subdural hematoma (SDH) have been reported to be poor with high mortality rates. Case Description We present the case of a patient who underwent craniotomies at the age of 102 years, and again at the age of 103 years, for acute SDHs with good recovery to her premorbid neurologic condition. A 102-year-old woman presented after falling to the floor, and underwent a left-sided craniotomy for evacuation of a large, left hemispheric acute SDH. She recovered from that event and returned home. Six months later, she presented after falling again and was found to have a large, right hemispheric acute SDH. A right-sided craniotomy was performed and again she made good recovery with return to her neurologic baseline. Conclusion We report this unique case of good recovery after 2 separate craniotomies for acute SDH in a patient older than 100 years. Implications of acute SDH in the elderly are discussed, as relevant to this case, with a review of the literature. Although the morbidity and mortality of acute SDH are high, particularly in elderly patients, there is potential for good recovery and excellent outcome in appropriately selected patients.
Simulation of oxide trapping noise in submicron n-channel MOSFETs

Carrier trapping via tunneling into the gate oxide was implemented into a partial differential equation-based semiconductor device simulator to analyze the 1/f-like noise in silicon MOSFETs. Local noise sources are calculated using the carrier tunneling rates between trap centers in the oxide and those at the interface. Using the Green's transfer function approach, noise contributions from each node in the oxide mesh to the overall noise at the specified contact terminals are simulated. Unlike traditional 1/f noise analyses in MOSFETs, the simulator is capable of simulating noise for a wide range of bias voltages and device structures. The simulation results show that for an uniformly doped channel, the region in the oxide above the pinch-off point in saturation is most critical for low frequency noise generation while for a graded channel device the source side of the gate oxide region becomes important. By comparing the simulation results with the measured noise data, the oxide defect density in the noise producing regions can be profiled.
Unsupervised Language-Independent Name Translation Mining from Wikipedia Infoboxes

The automatic generation of entity profiles from unstructured text, such as Knowledge Base Population, if applied in a multi-lingual setting, generates the need to align such profiles from multiple languages in an unsupervised manner. This paper describes an unsupervised and language-independent approach to mine name translation pairs from entity profiles, using Wikipedia Infoboxes as a stand-in for high quality entity profile extraction. Pairs are initially found using expressions that are written in language-independent forms (such as dates and numbers), and new translations are then mined from these pairs. The algorithm then iteratively bootstraps from these translations to learn more pairs and more translations. The algorithm maintains a high precision, over 95%, for the majority of its iterations, with a slightly lower precision of 85.9% and an f-score of 76%. A side effect of the name mining algorithm is the unsupervised creation of a translation lexicon between the two languages, with an accuracy of 64%. We also duplicate three state-of-the-art name translation mining methods and use two existing name translation gazetteers to compare with our approach. Comparisons show our approach can effectively augment the results from each of these alternative methods and resources.
The hardness evolution of gamma-ray burst pulses

We have analyzed the evolution of the spectral hardness parameter, Epk (the maximum of the F spec- trum) as a function of fluence in gamma-ray bursts. We t 41 pulses within 26 bursts with the trend reported by Liang & Kargatis (1996) which found that Epk decays ex- ponentially with respect to photon fluence (t). We also t these pulses with a slight modication of this trend, where Epk decays linearly with energy fluence. In both cases, we found the set of 41 pulses to be consistent with the trend.
THEORETICAL STUDIES OF MODEL COMPOSITES

We study the application and convergence of the continuum approximation to discret composite as a function of the number of Fourier components. A discret model composite with alternating parallel slabs of different constituents and exact solution is considered. The direct method of solving the related eigensystem problem is used to calculate the sound velocity. We show that rather accurate results can be obtained from the continuum approximation with only a small number of Fourier components. The dependence on the number of components is consistent with a power law. Our model results also confirm recent arguments that the sound velocity is independent of density modulations.
The Use of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) Coding in Identifying Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Health System Data: Implications for Surveillance

We evaluated sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the ICD-9 coding system for surveillance of chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) using data from an observational cohort study. All HBV cases were validated by chart review. Of 1,652,055 adult patients, 2,202 (0.1%) were included in the cohort based upon laboratory data or hepatitis B ICD-9 codes. Use of one ICD-9 code had a sensitivity of 83.9%, positive predictive value of 61.0%, and specificity and negative predictive values > 99%. Our findings suggest that use of one or two hepatitis B ICD 9 codes can identify cases with chronic HBV infection.
Sex Pheromone Responses of the Oriental Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

The synthetic female sex pheromone of the oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis Waterhouse, was evaluated in the field and in a sustained-flight tunnel. In a 2-wk period, > 150,000 beetles were captured on three golf course fairways in Connecticut. Contrary to earlier reports that these beetles are most active during the warm, sunny portions of the day, we observed that peak activity occurs around sunset. Ten micrograms of either (Z)-7-tetradecen-2-one or an 89/11 (Z/E) blend on a rubber septum was found to be the minimum concentration with which no significant decrease in catch was observed in the field. There was no discrimination between Z and the blend at 1 μg and higher concentrations, but the E-isomer alone trapped significantly fewer beetles than either Z alone or the blend. These results are consistent with the flight tunnel data. The effects of temperature and light intensity on the mating behavior of A. orientalis also are discussed.
Effects of fault tolerance on the reliability of memory array supports

For future-generation large-scale computers, memory reliability is independent of the memory chip failures due to low failure rates and fault-tolerant techniques. When failures do occur, they are masked, using such techniques as single error correction (SEC), page deallocation, and array chip sparing. The two remaining sources of failures are card(s) and logic support modules. This paper describes a method to minimize the effects of logic fails by using logic redundancy. >
The Effects of Promoting Patient Access to Medical Records: A Review

The Health Insurance Privacy and Portability Act (HIPPA) stipulates that patients must be permitted to review and amend their medical records. As information technology makes medical records more accessible to patients, it may become more commonplace for patients to review their records routinely. This article analyzes the potential benefits and drawbacks of facilitating patient access to the med- ical record by reviewing previously published research. Previous research includes analysis of clini- cal notes, surveys of patients and practitioners, and studies of patient-accessible medical records. Overall, studies suggest the potential for modest benefits (for instance, in enhancing doctor-patient communication). Risks (for instance, increasing patient worry or confusion) appear to be minimal in medical patients. The studies, however, were of limited quality and low statistical power to detect the variety of outcomes that may result from implementation of a patient-accessible medical record. The data from these studies lay the foundation for future research.
Feed-forward excess passivity-based control of buck-boost converters

Buck-boost converters are nonlinear, non-minimum phase systems with respect to their output voltage. Conventional controllers make use of a one-to-one correspondence between the voltage and current equilibriums. They exploit the stable zero dynamics of the inductor current to indirectly regulate the capacitor voltage. Indirect regulation of voltage is sensitive to circuit parameter and load variation. This paper introduces a passivity-based direct voltage control of buck-boost converters using feedforward compensators. The simulation results demonstrate a stable voltage behavior in the presence of system perturbations and load variations.
Geometric and electronic structure of a peroxomanganese(III) complex supported by a scorpionate ligand.

A monomeric MnII complex has been prepared with the facially-coordinating TpPh2 ligand, (TpPh2 = hydrotris(3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-yl)borate). The X-ray crystal structure shows three coordinating solvent molecules resulting in a six-coordinate complex with Mn–ligand bond lengths that are consistent with a high-spin MnII ion. Treatment of this MnII complex with excess KO2 at room temperature resulted in the formation of a MnIII–O2 complex that is stable for several days at ambient conditions, allowing for the determination of the X-ray crystal structure of this intermediate. The electronic structure of this peroxomanganese(III) adduct was examined by using electronic absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and variable-temperature variable-field (VTVH) MCD spectroscopies. Density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent (TD)-DFT, and multireference ab initio CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations were used to assign the electronic transitions and further investigate the electronic structure of the peroxomanganese(III) species. The lowest ligand-field transition in the electronic absorption spectrum of the MnIII–O2 complex exhibits a blue shift in energy compared to other previously characterized peroxomanganese(III) complexes that results from a large axial bond elongation, reducing the metal–ligand covalency and stabilizing the σ-antibonding Mn dz2 MO that is the donor MO for this transition.
Robots looking for interesting things: Extremum seeking control on saliency maps

This paper presents a novel approach to increase the amount of visual stimuli in sensor measurements using saliency maps. A saliency map is a combination of normalized feature maps in different channels (i.e. color, intensity) to represent the relative strength of visual stimuli in an image. The total saliency is higher when the camera is looking at a scene with more interesting things in the field of view and vise versa. We employ methods of extremum seeking control to find a camera position that corresponds to local maximum saliency value. We combine the global properties of simplex optimization methods with the local search properties and dynamic response of extremum seeking control to create a novel algorithm that is more likely to find a global maximum than conventional extremum seeking control. Simulations and experiments are presented to show the strength of this approach.
Revisiting the "Sleeping Giant" Metaphor: Is It Still Sleeping in the Commonwealth of Virginia, and Is It Still Really a Giant?

In order to revisit Martorella’s metaphor of technology as a sleeping giant this paper analyzes data collected over multiple years in order to provide a portrait of how preservice teachers make sense of and choose (if at all) to integrate digital technologies within their internship classrooms. Findings indicate that in the Commonwealth of Virginia, within our data set, the sleeping giant is awake (technology is being used), but in the hands of our preservice teachers it is a myopic traditionalist who is the “servant” to the “master” of standards-based assessment.
Polarization Sagnac interferometer with a reflective grating beam splitter

All-reflective interferometric gravitational-wave detector configurations with a diffraction grating as a power beam splitter have been proposed to reduce thermal lensing. We demonstrate the use of a diffraction grating as a polarization beam splitter in a zero-area polarization Sagnac interferometer.
Nursing Science Leaders

This introduces the guest author’s column on perspectives on the development of leaders in science. The need for leadership in science is discussed and a model for the development of science leaders in nursing is outlined.
OR Forum-ORSA as Viewed by its Members

The Operations Research Society of America is healthy and strong by most measures and continues to make important contributions to the profession. However, the Society is not without serious challenges. Full and Associate membership levels have been shrinking since 1970, and many members have raised concerns about the readability and content of our journals. At the ORSA Council's request, the Membership Committee conducted a large-scale survey to provide information needed to deal with these and other challenges. This survey revealed who members are, why we joined and continue to renew, and what we think of Society products. Findings, briefly summarized here, are now being used by the Council and committees in strategic planning that will shape the future of the Society.
Ammonia and Carbon Dioxide: Quantitation and Electroantennogram Responses of Caribbean Fruit Fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae)

A Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic method was developed to quantify ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to facilitate accurate determination of antennal sensitivity of adult Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), to these compounds. Electroantennogram (EAG) recordings were made from antennae of flies that were exposed to known quantities of each of the pure gases and to mixtures of these gases. EAG response to volumetric dilutions of saturated vapor from a commercially available ammonium bicarbonate lure was determined, and FTIR analysis was used to measure the amount of NH3 and CO2 in the samples. Maximal EAG responses were elicited with doses ≥24 μg NH3 and ≥57 μg CO2. Mean female response was greater than male response to substrates that included CO2. For both sexes, EAG response to NH3 was greater than response to CO2. When NH3 and CO2 were combined either as a mixture of pure gases or as vapor emitted from the lure, the EAG response was approximately equal to the sum of the individual responses to the two compounds. A polynomial regression was the best fit for describing antennal response to ammonia, carbon dioxide, and mixtures of these chemicals whether obtained from pure gas sources or from commercial lures.
Design and Implementation of a High-Performance Microprocessor Cache Compression Algorithm

Abstract Researchers have proposed using hardware data compression units within the memory hierarchies of microprocessors in order to improve performance, energy efficiency, and functionality. However, most past work, and in particular work on cache compression, has made unsubstantiated assumptions about the performance, power consumption, and area overheads of the required compression hardware. We present a lossless compression algorithm that has been designed for on-line memory hierarchy compression, and cache compression in particular. We reduced our algorithm to a register transfer level hardware implementation, permitting performance, power consumption, and area estimation. The results of experiments comparing our work to previous work are presented.
The educational value of a single injury prevention counseling encounter.

* Abbreviations: TIPP = : The Injury Prevention Program • AAP = : American Academy of Pediatrics • PAG = : pictorial anticipatory guidance In this month's Pediatrics electronic pages , Powell et al1 compare the efficacy of verbal versus pictorial materials used to implement a single injury prevention teaching episode directed to a group of clinic parents. The patient population in the study was drawn from low-income urban families. Based on other studies, the parents were presumed to have less than 9th-grade reading levels and were therefore possibly less likely to benefit from The Injury Prevention Program (TIPP) sheets of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) as opposed to pictorial anticipatory guidance (PAG) sheets that the authors designed. The authors do not reference their method of determining the reading level of the TIPP materials (stated to be 9th grade), but the AAP-assessed grade level is 6.3 using … Address correspondence to Joel L. Bass, MD, Director of Ambulatory and Community Pediatrics, MetroWest Medical Center, 115 Lincoln St, Framingham, MA 01702-9167.
Environmentally Induced Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of Reproductive Disease

Reproductive disease and fertility issues have dramatically increased in the human population over the last several decades, suggesting environmental impacts. Epigenetics provides a mechanistic link by which an organism can respond to environmental factors. Interestingly, environmentally induced epigenetic alterations in the germ line can promote aberrant gene expression and disease generationally. Environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance is defined as germ-line transmission of altered epigenetic information between generations in the absence of continued environmental exposures. This form of nongenetic inheritance has been shown to directly influence fertility and reproductive disease. This review describes the studies in a variety of species that impact reproductive disease and abnormalities. Observations suggest serious attention be paid to the possibility that ancestral exposures to environmental insults promotes transgenerational inheritance of reproductive disease susceptibility. Environmentally induced epigenetic transgenerational inheritance appears to be an important contributing factor to reproductive disease in many organisms, including humans.
Giant Rathke Cleft Cyst

The preoperative diagnosis for an unusual skull base lesion was chordoma. The combination of imaging, pathologic, and surgical findings suggests the diagnosis of Rathke cyst.
Minimally Invasive Total Gastrectomy

The role of minimally invasive surgery for total gastrectomy is not well-established. This chapter describes the technical aspects of laparoscopic and robotic approaches for total gastrectomy for gastric cancer and discusses considerations regarding the learning curve and patient selection. The chapter also summarizes the current literature on minimally invasive approaches to total gastrectomy with focus on technique, outcomes, and cost.
MATCHED FIELD PROCESSING IN OCEAN ACOUSTICS

Matched field processing (MFP) is a generalized beamforming method which uses the spatial complexities of acoustic fields in an ocean waveguide to localize sources in range, depth and azimuth or to infer parameters of the waveguide itself. It has experimentally localized sources with accuracies exceeding the Rayleigh limit for depth and the Fresnel limit for range by two orders of magnitude. MFP exploits the coherence of the mode/multipath structure and it is especially effective at low frequencies where the ocean supports coherent propagation over very long ranges. This contrasts with plane wave based models which are degraded by modal and multipath phenomena and are generally ineffective when waveguide phenomena are important. MFP is a spatial matched filter where the correlation signal, or replica, is determined by the Green’s function of the waveguide. It can have either conventional or adaptive formulations and it has been implemented with an assortment of both narrowband and wideband signal models. All involve some form of correlation between the replicas derived from the wave equation and the data measured at an array of sensors. Since the replica generally lias a complicated dependence upon the source location and environmental parameters, the wave equation must be solved over this parameter space. One can view MFP as an inverse problem where one attempts to invert for these dependencies over the parameter space of the source and the environment. There is currently a large literature discussing many theoretical aspects of MFP and this is supported by numerous simulations; several experiments acquiring data for MFP now have been conducted in several ocean environments and these have demonstrated both its capabilities and some of its limitations. Consequently, there is a modest understanding of both the theory and the experimental capabilities of MFP. This article provides an overview of both.
Changing Variables

In computer graphics and geometric modeling, changing the variables is a useful technique that appears in many guises. It lets us change how we traverse curves or surfaces, modify their derivatives or place, and interpret textures or other properties associated with them. It is shown that while changing variables of a parametric curve or surface leaves its geometric shape untouched, changing the way we associate parameters to curves or surfaces does have an impact: computer graphics deals with sampled geometry, and the sampled geometry changes. We can take advantage of the change of variables to improve how the surface is textured. Moreover, change of variables makes it possible to combine curve segments or curved surface patches into a smooth ensemble when the shape is more general than the graph of a function.
Tethered Flight of Monochamus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Ceramhycidae) with Respect to Beetle Age and Sex

Sixty-eight individually marked Monochamus carolinensis (Olivier) were tethered for flight on the day of emergence and weekly thereafter for 5 wk. The percentage of beetles exhibiting flight was independent of sex and age. The two longest flights, 72.5 and 69.4 min, were recorded for males; however, there was no difference in mean flight duration between sexes. The longest mean flight duration, 15.4 min, occurred for beetles 1 wk after emergence.
The Application of Analytical Electron Microscopy to Improving the Sensitization Resistance of Type 304 Stainless Steels

The sensitization resistance of austenitic stainless steels can be improved by replacing some of the C with N. Electrochemical potentionkinetic reactivation (EPR) tests indicate that this is effective up to ∼0.16 wt.%N, but that above this level sensitization is enhanced. Thermodynamic calculations indicate that N should continue to reduce sensitization up to at least 0.25 wt.%N, as it retards the growth kinetics of Cr carbides. Analytical electron microscopy was used to investigate this apparent conflict and showed that, while N did decrease the volume diffusion coefficient of Cr beyond 0.16 wt.%, an increase in the amount of discontinuous precipitation of carbides with increasing N was responsible for the sensitization at higher N levels.
Evaluation of Pinto Bean, Wheat Germ, and Lima Bean Diets for Rearing the European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Comparisons were made of various growth factors for Ostrinia nubilalis (Hunner) when reared on pinto bean, wheat germ, and lima bean diets. Larval weights at 12–13 days were 1.7- and 2.3-fold greater on pinto bean diet than on wheat germ and lima bean diets, respectively. Larvae reared on pinto bean diet had earlier pupation and heavier pupae than those reared on the other two diets. Pupal weights for all diets were significantly higher in a laboratory colony maintained for 8.7 years versus one maintained for 0.7 year, indicating that a genetic shift in the ability to develop under laboratory conditions has taken place in the older population. Fumidil B in pinto bean diet at ≥1,000 ppm increased time of development to some degree; however, pupal weights were unaffected by amounts as high as 1,500 ppm. The method for preparing lima bean diet is described.
The demonstration of separate DNA polymerase activities in intact isolated rat liver nuclei by means of response to bleomycin and arabinosyl cytosine 5-triphosphate.

Rat hepatic nuclei, isolated and studied in vitro, tend to reflect changes occurring in DNA synthesis in the intact rat (1). Nuclei from normal rat liver synthesize minimal amounts of DNA, while nuclei from a partially hepatectomized rat show a marked increase in thymidine tri-phosphate incorporation. This increase probably represents continuation of elongation of replicating DNA strands begun in vivo (2). Studies of extracts of rat liver nuclei suggest that there are at least two separate DNA polymerase activities: a tightly-bound activity which rises in quantity along with DNA replication following hepatectomy and is inhibited by cytosine arabinoside 5′-triphosphate (ara-CTP), and a loosely-bound activity which rises little or not at all after partial hepatectomy and is insensitive to ara-CTP (3).We have previously reported that Bleomycin causes dose-related and time-related increases of 3H-thymidine triphosphate incorporation into DNA of isolated normal rat liver nuclei (4). This incorporation is presu...
The smartest guys in the (board) room: TMT collective narcissism and its potential impact

Narcissism among CEOs has received considerable attention in recent years, but research has not examined the influence of narcissism at the TMT-level. To promote discussion and facilitate such rese...
The PROMIS physical function scale A promising scale for use in patients with ischemic stroke

Objective: To evaluate the performance of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function (PF) scale compared to the validated Stroke Impact Scale–16 (SIS-16) in ischemic stroke patients seen in an ambulatory cerebrovascular clinic. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. PROMIS PF (computer adaptive testing version) and SIS-16 measures were electronically collected on 1,946 ischemic stroke patients seen in a cerebrovascular clinic using an electronic platform from September 12, 2012, to June 16, 2015. Distribution of scores was compared to assess ceiling and floor effects. Correlations with other commonly used functional status scales were performed to assess convergent validity. Results: The SIS-16 and PROMIS PF had a 19.6% and Conclusions: The use of PROMIS to obtain electronic patient-reported functional status in an ambulatory setting is feasible. PROMIS PF is an option for measurement of physical function in ischemic stroke patients. It had similar test characteristics as the SIS-16 but with lower patient burden and minimal ceiling effect.
On the biological problems to be attacked with a series of U.S. satellites in 1966.

In the opinion of interested biologists in the U.S. the search for extraterrestrial life is by far the outstanding biological task that can be undertaken with the new technology of spacecraft. And it is their hope that the bulk of the national effort put into biology in space will be directed towards the biological exploration of Mars. There are, however, many other issues that the biologist can and should pursue in orbiting laboratories, or satellites. 1) Some of these are in the areas of the cardiovascular and neurophysiology of primates, and derive their importance from the need to put man into the weightless state for prolonged durations. 2) Other questions, similarly prompted by the prospect of prolonged space flight, concern the radiation hazard. Many experiments are planned for a single satellite in which it is hoped to discover whether the weightless state significantly affects biological responses to radiation. If, as is expected, there is no synergism between weightlessness and radiation, it will be possible to pursue all other questions about radiation effects in space by experimentation on the ground. 3) Two other classes of questions that satellite experiments may answer have deeper roots in theoretical and cellular physiology. The first of these concerns weightlessness itself. A long list of experiments involving a diversity of material from animal eggs to higher plants will seek to determine whether or not the absence of a gravitational input to the system significantly affects its general performance. Special interest in the U.S. attaches to suggestions from ground based experiments that normal morphogenesis may fail in plant systems that are exposed to less than about 10(-5) g. 4) It is also hoped that satellite experiments will help resolve the long-standing debate on the cause of persistent daily rhythmicity in organisms. One school of workers in the U.S. continues to believe that such rhythmicity is caused by organisms sensing an unidentified physical variable with a 24 hr period and hence presumably caused by the earth's rotation. It is proposed to assay the persistence and stability of such rhythms in organisms orbiting the earth with a period of about 90 min. Persistence of the rhythm in such orbital conditions would dispose of the theory of external causation; failure of such rhythms to persist would, however, constitute strong though not crucial support in its favor.
Ethics without guarantees

Response to HAU Symposium on Keane, Webb. 2016. Ethical life: Its natural and social histories . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Abstract 151: Modeling the rise of intratumoral heterogeneity in growing, static, and regressing human colorectal polyps

Benign adenomatous colon polyps are thought to be transformed into cancers through the stepwise accumulation of mutations. However, not all polyps progress. A significant number remain static in size, regress, or resolve completely. The mechanisms underlying these differential fates are unknown, and currently there are no biological characteristics that can reliably predict which polyps will grow or progress into invasive cancer. To determine the mutational landscape, targeted next generation sequencing was performed on a unique collection of small (6-9mm) colorectal polyps with known growth rates based on interval imaging with CT colonography. To determine spatial location of identified mutations within a polyp, micro-dissection was performed followed by quantitative PCR to validate low frequency mutations. The mutational landscape of small polyps is varied both within and among individual polyps. Polyps carried 0-3 pathogenic mutations with the most frequent being in APC (67%, 32/48), KRAS/NRAS (17%, 8/48), BRAF (17%, 8/48), FBXW7 (10%, 5/48), and TP53 (8%, 4/48). Additionally, 13% (6/48) contained driver mutations at varied mutant allele frequencies, indicating the presence of subclonal populations. In silico modeling of tumor growth was used to determine the likely size at which additional driver mutations arose in order to observe those varied frequencies. This model of colon tumor growth was adapted so that mutations occur with a given probability of 10 −5 , which may change the fitness positively or negatively, and the lineage from these mutant subpopulations was tracked during tumor growth. In silico polyps were sectioned and mutant allele frequency was recorded and compared to the frequencies observed from the targeted sequencing of human polyps. Contrary to the slow step-wise accumulation of mutations theory, these data indicate small colonic polyps can have multiple pathogenic mutations in crucial driver genes that arise early in a tumor9s existence. Understanding the molecular pathway of tumorigenesis and clonal evolution in polyps that are at risk for progressing to invasive cancers will allow us to begin to better predict which polyps may be more likely to progress into adenocarcinomas and which patients are predisposed to developing advanced disease. Citation Format: Chelsie K. Sievers, Luli Zou, Perry J. Pickhardt, Kristina A. Matkowskyj, Dawn Albrecht, David H. Kim, Fouad J. Moawad, Brooks D. Cash, Mark Reichelderfer, Michael A. Newton, Richard B. Halberg. Modeling the rise of intratumoral heterogeneity in growing, static, and regressing human colorectal polyps. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 151.
Depletive Waste: An Intergenerational Externality

Pecuniary price measures the rate at which buyers can trade increments of one good for another in a market. But in nature’s energy conversions, such rates of exchange respond to the needs of the ecological community, not to supply-demand balances in some artificial market. In the basic physical processes which produce man’s fuel sources and determine the quality of his environment, nature’s constants rather than variable market conditions control output.
In-silico screening for anti-Zika virus phytochemicals

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus that has infected hundreds of thousands of people and is a rapidly expanding epidemic across Central and South America. ZIKV infection has caused serious, albeit rare, complications including Guillain-Barre syndrome and congenital microcephaly. There are currently no vaccines or antiviral agents to treat or prevent ZIKV infection, but there are several ZIKV non-structural proteins that may serve as promising antiviral drug targets. In this work, we have carried out an in-silico search for potential anti-Zika viral agents from natural sources. We have generated ZIKV protease, methyltransferase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase using homology modeling techniques and we have carried out molecular docking analyses of our in-house virtual library of phytochemicals with these protein targets as well as with ZIKV helicase. Overall, 2263 plant-derived secondary metabolites have been docked. Of these, 43 compounds that have drug-like properties have exhibited remarkable docking profiles to one or more of the ZIKV protein targets, and several of these are found in relatively common herbal medicines, suggesting promise for natural and inexpensive antiviral therapy for this emerging tropical disease.
Ethical Issues in the Research of Group Work.

This article provides a primer for researchers exploring ethical issues in the research of group work. The article begins with an exploration of relevant ethical issues through the research process and current standards guiding its practice. Next, the authors identify resources that group work researchers can consult prior to constructing their studies, along with specific recommendations of particular import at critical junctures in the research process. The article concludes by identifying common issues that can arise within group work research, and a discussion of how researchers can both proactively consider and then respond to these issues.
Lost in Appalachia: The Unexpected Impact of Welfare Reform on Older Women in Rural Communities

A primary goal of welfare reform was to overcome welfare dependency through the promotion of work and the setting of lifetime limits. while at first blush this goal may have appeared reasonable for young recipients, it does not address the needs of older recipients, particularly women. Based on in-depth interviews with welfare recipients in four impoverished rural Appalachian counties over a four year time span (1999-2001; 2004), this paper evaluates the experiences of older women as they confront the changes brought on by welfare reform legislation. Findings suggest that impoverished older women in isolated rural communities experience multiple crises as they attempt to negotiate the "new" welfare system. As a result of spatial inequality, limited social capital, and the effects of ageism, they have tremendous difficulty meeting even their most basic needs.
Toward Self-Understanding: Group Techniques in Self-Confrontation by Daniel I. Malamud and Solomon Machover

(1966). Toward Self-Understanding: Group Techniques in Self-Confrontation by Daniel I. Malamud and Solomon Machover. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 503-503.
Deformation behavior of additively manufactured GP1 stainless steel

Abstract In-situ neutron diffraction measurements were performed during heat-treating and uniaxial loading of additively manufactured (AM) GP1 material. Although the measured chemical composition of the GP1 powder falls within the composition specifications of 17-4 PH steel, a fully martensitic alloy in the wrought condition, the crystal structure of the as-built GP1 material is fully austenitic. Chemical analysis of the as-built material shows high oxygen and nitrogen content, which then significantly decreased after heat-treating in a vacuum furnace at 650 °C for one hour. Significant austenite-to-martensite phase transformation is observed during compressive and tensile loading of the as-built and heat-treated material with accompanied strengthening as martensite volume fraction increases. During loading, the initial average phase stress state in the martensite is hydrostatic compression independent of the loading direction. Preferred orientation transformation in austenite and applied load accommodation by variant selection in martensite are observed via measurements of the texture development.