cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Incidental anger and the desire to evaluate

Abstract Our results indicate that people experiencing incidental anger are more likely than people in neutral and other emotional states to prefer to perform evaluative tasks, even though their anger may bias the evaluations they make. Induced anger increased participants’ desire to evaluate others’ ideas (Experiment 1) and made the evaluations of those ideas more negative in valence (Experiment 2). Anger increased the appeal of evaluating ideas when evaluations were expected to be largely negative but not when evaluations were expected to be positive (Experiments 3 and 4). Mediation analyses revealed that this willingness to evaluate when angry stems from a belief that evaluating others can leave angry people in a positive mood. Because people are often free to decide when to perform the tasks required of them, this tendency may have implications for how and when ideas are evaluated.
A Clinical Review of Charcot-Marie-Tooth

CMT polyneuropathy is a complex genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of disorders. The rapid advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of these groups of neuropathies have helped to resolve some of the controversial issues regarding the clinical and genetic classification. However, there is still confusion and chaos in the terminology employed by different groups of researchers. A reclassification based on the molecular mechanisms of these neuropathies will help in the future to unify and simplify the diagnosis of these complex disorders. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms will also help in the future to find a way to control or treat these hereditary neuropathies.
Gpi1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Protein That Participates in the First Step in Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Synthesis

The temperature-sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae gpi1 mutant is blocked in [3H]inositol incorporation into protein and defective in the synthesis of N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol, the first step in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor assembly (Leidich, S. D., Drapp, D. A., and Orlean, P. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 10193-10196). The GPI1 gene, which encodes a 609-amino acid membrane protein, was cloned by complementation of the temperature sensitivity of gpi1 and corrects the mutant's [3H]inositol labeling and enzymatic defects. Disruption of GPI1 yields viable haploid cells that are temperature-sensitive for growth, for [3H]inositol incorporation into protein, and for GPI anchor-dependent processing of the Gas1/Ggp1 protein and that lack in vitro N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol synthetic activity. The Gpi1 protein thus participates in GPI synthesis and is required for growth at 37 degrees C. When grown at a semipermissive temperature of 30 degrees C, gpi1 cells and gpi1::URA3 disruptants form large, round, multiply budded cells with a separation defect. Homozygous gpi1/gpi1, gpi1::URA3/gpi1::URA3, gpi2/gpi2, and gpi3/gpi3 diploids undergo meiosis, but are defective in ascospore wall maturation for they fail to give the fluorescence due to the dityrosine-containing layer in the ascospore wall. These findings indicate that GPIs have key roles in the morphogenesis and development of S. cerevisiae.
Facilitated coronary anastomosis using a nitinol U-Clip device: bovine model.

Abstract Objective: The coronary anastomosis is the most difficult part of the coronary bypass procedure, particularly when using a minimally invasive technique. Methods to facilitate coronary anastomosis will make the minimally invasive approach to coronary bypass feasible. We sought preclinical validation and testing of the design and efficacy of a self-closing penetrating clip that can be used to facilitate the creation of graft-to-coronary end-to-side anastomosis. Methods: The nitinol U-Clip device (Coalescent Surgical, Inc, Sunnyvale, Calif) was used in 13 consecutive calves (63-118 kg). In each animal, the device was (1) used to create an anastomosis of the right internal thoracic artery to a coronary artery with the heart beating and (2) compared to polypropylene suture when used to repair two carotid arteriotomies. Intraoperative, 1-week, 8-week, and 26-week postoperative angiograms and detailed histopathologic examinations were used to evaluate anastomotic patency and healing characteristics. Results: The nitinol U-Clip device successfully created right internal thoracic artery–coronary artery anastomoses and repaired carotid arteriotomy sites in 13 consecutive calves. The clip was precisely placed by means of the integrated suture and needle in a fashion similar to that used for conventional suture. The clip met design specifications by reliable release and automatic closure, thereby eliminating knot tying and assisted suture management. At the time of harvest, angiography showed widely patent coronary anastomoses (FitzGibbon grade A criteria, n=13) and carotid arteriotomy repair sites (n = 13). Histopathologic evaluation confirmed normal healing with smooth circumferential neointimal resurfacing at the anastomotic and repair sites. Conclusions: The nitinol U-Clip design and function was validated in the formation of bovine coronary anastomoses on the beating bovine heart with excellent graft patency and healing characteristics. The nitinol U-Clip device tests favorably when compared with conventional sutures in carotid artery repair. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2001;121:859-70)
Burst or random error correction based on fire and BCH codes

A class of codes obtained by combining Fire codes, which are burst correcting codes, with BCH codes, which are random error correcting codes, is proposed. The proposed codes are subcodes of both Fire codes and BCH codes. Lower bounds on the burst error-correcting capabilities of the proposed codes are derived. The codes can be used over a compound channel that causes burst errors or random errors.
Location of ribosomal RNA cistrons in yeast.

YEAST cells contain approximately 1010 daltons of DNA per haploid nucleus1, distributed among sixteen to eighteen genetically recognizable linkage groups2. During mitotic division no distinct condensation of chromosomal material occurs3, so that the exact number of chromosomes in yeast remains uncertain.
Automatic History Matching With Variable-Metric Methods

Deux methodes metriques variables ― celle de Broyden/Fletcher/Goldfarb/Shanno et celle de l'auto-dimensionnement ― sont utilisees pour evaluer les proprietes du systeme roche magasin fluide telles que la porosite et la permeabilite. Leur aptitude a simuler le reservoir au cours de l'injection d'eau est discutee
Object-oriented modeling and implementation of control software for a robotic flexible manufacturing cell

Abstract This paper discusses the development of an object-oriented software for the control of a robotic flexible manufacturing cell (FMC). The control software is based on a formal modeling of the entities involved in a cell and their interactions. An entity-relationship model, message flow diagrams, and state transition models are used to specify the software objects needed to model the operation of an FMC. In an object-oriented approach, the cell controller takes care of coordination and synchronization issues while the individual objects are responsible for their own activities. This approach has numerous advantages over the conventional state transition method where the number of state grows exponentially with the increase in cell components and complexity of control tasks. Implemented in Turbo C++ on an IBM PS/2 computer, the software can accommodate cell configuration changes, such as the number of machines, without reprogramming. Robot dispatching rules that are independent of the cell configuration were developed for handling the simultaneous setups, prevention of order sequence interference and batch break-up situations that are often encountered in FMC control.
Solving the MEG Inverse Problem: A Robust Two-Way Regularization Method

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a common noninvasive imaging modality for instantly measuring whole brain activities. One challenge in MEG data analysis is how to minimize the impact of the outliers that commonly exist in the images. In this article, we propose a robust two-way regularization approach to solve the important MEG inverse problem, that is, reconstructing neuronal activities using the measured MEG signals. The proposed method is based on the distributed source model and produces a spatio-temporal solution for all the dipoles simultaneously. Unlike the traditional methods that use the squared error loss function, our proposal uses a robust loss function, which improves the robustness of the results against outliers. To impose desirable spatial focality and temporal smoothness, we then penalize the robust loss through appropriate spatial–temporal two-way regularization. Furthermore, an alternating reweighted least-squares algorithm is developed to optimize the penalized model fitting criterion....
High resolution, non-destructive measurement and characterization of fracture apertures

Abstract We measure at high resolution the fracture aperture of several consolidated materials and statistically characterize the aperture distribution for future studies on single and multiphase flow and transport through fractured porous media. The images of the real fractures in granite and sandstone rocks are obtained with a computer aided tomography (CAT) X-ray scanner. The minimum pixel size is 0.27×0.27 mm, but fractures as small as 35 μm can be accurately measured, using a calibration standard for the variation in CT number due to the “missing rock mass” in a given pixel. The distribution of fracture apertures is best described by a lognormal function. This was also corroborated by comparing the theoretical to actual ratio of geometric mean to arithmetic mean apertures. The mechanical roughness of the fractures ranged from 0.17 to 1.5. The variability in fracture aperture displayed only short range structure, with correlation lengths of 0.8 to 7 mm at maximum, which is at most one-tenth of the minimum dimension (width) of the fracture plane. Fracture aperture distribution is rather heterogeneous. Potential flow channels can be deduced from the fracture aperture distribution.
From Online Randomized Controlled Trials to Participant Preference Studies: Morphing the San Francisco Stop Smoking Site into a Worldwide Smoking Cessation Resource

Background: Internet interventions have the potential to address many of the health problems that produce the greatest global burden of disease. We present a study illustrating this potential. The Spanish/English San Francisco Stop Smoking Internet site, which yielded quit rates of 20% or more at 12 months in published randomized controlled trials (RCTs), was modified to make it accessible to Spanish- and English-speaking smokers 18 years of age or older anywhere in the world. Objective: To illustrate that Internet interventions designed to conduct RCTs can be adapted to serve as universal health care resources. We also examine quit rates obtained in the current participant preference study (in which users could choose from all elements tested in previous RCTs) to determine whether they differ from the quit rates found in the RCTs. Methods: We modified the San Francisco Stop Smoking Internet site so that, instead of being randomly assigned to a specific intervention, participants could personalize the site by choosing among nine site elements (eg, stop smoking guide, reminder emails, journal, mood management intervention, or virtual group). Participants completed a baseline assessment, and reported smoking and mood data at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. We assessed the modified website’s reach and outcomes (quit rates), and compared the quit rates of the current participant preference study with those of the previous RCTs. Results: In the first year of recruitment, 94,158 individuals from 152 countries and territories visited the site; 13,488 participants left some data; 9173 signed consent; 7763 completed the baseline survey; and 1955, 1362, 1106, and 1096 left 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month data, respectively. Observed quit rates were 38.1% (n = 668), 44.9% (n = 546), 43.6% (n = 431), and 45.4% (n = 449), respectively. The current participant preference study yielded higher observed quit rates (odds ratio 1.30) than the previous RCT when controlling for individuals’ demographic and smoking characteristics. Conclusions: After strict RCTs are completed, Internet intervention sites can be made into worldwide health intervention resources without reducing their effectiveness. [J Med Internet Res 2012;14(3):e64]
ELLAM for resolving the kinematics of two-dimensional resistive magnetohydrodynamic flows

We combine the finite element method with the Eulerian-Lagrangian Localized Adjoint Method (ELLAM) to solve the convection-diffusion equations that describe the kinematics of magnetohydrodynamic flows, i.e., the advection and diffusion of a magnetic field. Simulations of three two-dimensional test problems are presented and in each case we analyze the energy of the magnetic field as it evolves towards its equilibrium state. Our numerical results highlight the accuracy and efficiency of the ELLAM approach for convection-dominated problems.
A note on the maximization version of the multi-level facility location problem

We show that the maximization version of the multi-level facility location problem can be approximated by a factor of 0.5. The only previously known result is a factor of 0.47 for the two-level case obtained recently by Bumb (Oper. Res. Lett. 29(4) (2001) 155).
Coagulation protein function. IV. Effect of acetaldehyde upon factor X and factor Xa, the proteins at the gateway to the common coagulation pathway

Acetaldehyde (AcH) (447 mM) exerts an inhibition on Factor Xa, as followed by a clotting assay, but does not inhibit the hydrolysis of the synthetic fluorogenic substrate, N-tBOC-Ile-Glu-Gly-Arg-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin. These data suggest that AcH, although not reacting at the catalytic site of Factor Xa nor at the binding site for the synthetic substrate, does interact with the functional groups on the enzyme that bind to its natural substrate, prothrombin. As a consequence of such interaction, the charge and conformation of Factor Xa is altered, thereby limiting effective activation of prothrombin. Additionally, alkylation of factor Xa may also affect its capacity to associate with Factor Va for the activation of prothrombin. AcH also reacts with Factor X, prolonging clotting times when the zymogen is activated with Russell's viper venom (RVV). It also reduces the rate of hydrolysis of the fluorogenic substrate after activation of the alkylated zymogen by RVV. These data lead to the considerations that AcH-modified Factor X is no longer as effectively activated by RVV due to an alteration of its charge/conformation. Additional possibilities include a likely alkylation of the Factor Xa moiety of Factor X by AcH such that the activation product has an altered charge/conformation compared to native Factor Xa, including possible alkylation of its binding site(s) for prothrombin. The reduced rate of hydrolysis of the synthetic fluorogenic substrate for Factor Xa by the alkylated, activated Factor X lends further support to the generation of a modified Factor Xa by RVV, which may have a lower binding or catalytic rate for the fluorogenic substrate. These results support the suggestion that chronic consumption of alcohol may prolong the reported coagulation times as a result of reaction of alcohol's primary metabolite, AcH, with clotting factors, thereby reducing their physiological potential.
Estimation of irradiance just below the air-water interface

Measuring irradiance just beneath the air-water interface Ed(0-), is challenging because of environmental variability of the incident radiation field, such as effects of waves, perturbation by the instrument platform and instrument limitations. Accurate measurements of subsurface irradiance and radiance, however, are critical in the estimation of remote-sensing reflectance values and the development of ocean color algorithms. Subsurface irradiance is typically estimated by extrapolating measured near- surface underwater spectra back to just beneath the surface. Such an approach, assumes that the water's optical properties are consistent within the extrapolation interval. However, the diffuse attenuation coefficients can vary widely in the surface layer due to selective absorption of the short and long wavelengths, pigment concentrations, and ship shadow effects and are strongly dependent on the sampling depth used in the calculation. Another independent estimate of Ed(0-) is derived by propagating irradiance measured above the sea surface to just beneath the air-water interface. Here, we compare these two independent estimates of Ed(0-) to examine the accuracy of our methods and instrumentation. We use measurements of downwelling spectral irradiance collected over two seasons at Palmer Station, Antarctica using a Profiling Reflectance Radiometer deployed in freefall mode from a small zodiac, so as to minimize ship shadow effects. While estimates of Ed(0-) made from above and below the sea surface data wee highly correlated for overcast days, clear days showed much more scatter between the two estimates. This was attributed to wave effects and the lack of completely clear skies without haze or high clouds. Comparison of above and below water observations with theoretical computations suggest systematic error in immersion coefficients used to calibrate the instrument. Further, very shallow density structure introduces layers of water with differing optical properties and causes error in the estimation of Ed(0-).© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Documenting Disparity in Minority Contracting: Legal Requirements and Recommendations for Policy Makers

The challenge of advancing policy goals and public administration is compounded when legal compliance rests on data and complex analysis. This is true of disparity studies that support local government-sponsored minority contracting programs. How can local governments prepare to work with such programs in this complex environment? The authors analyze several court cases challenging minority contracting programs and illustrate the difficulty of administering public programs at the juncture of public policy goals, subtle changes in law, and demands for quality statistical analysis. Many public agencies, especially at the local level, are not prepared to address the data requirements demanded by these programs. To help with this challenge, the authors develop a set of guiding principles to help practitioners satisfy the legal requirements and meet the policy goals of minority contracting and similar programs. This includes a new emphasis on continuous gathering of valid, local-level data.
Estimates of lifetimes against pitch angle diffusion

Abstract We consider timescales on which particle distributions respond to pitch angle diffusion. On the longest timescale, the distribution decays at a single rate independent of equatorial pitch angle α 0 , even though the diffusion coefficient, and the distribution itself, may vary greatly with α 0 . We derive a simple integral expression to approximate this decay rate and show that it gives good agreement with the full expression. The roles of both the minimum and loss cone values of the diffusion coefficient are demonstrated and clarified.
SEASONAL RANGES AND SITE FIDELITY OF ADULT MALE WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS) IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

Much is known about movements of female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). However, relatively few investigations have been directed toward free-ranging male deer and even fewer have involved mature ($4 years old) males. Our objectives were to characterize utilization distributions and site fidelity, and to evaluate the subdominant-dominant-floater model using an extensive radiotelemetry dataset collected from male deer $1.5 years old in southern Texas. We generated home ranges and core areas of 96 males from 16,696 location estimates collected during January 1993- June 1995. Annual home-range size did not differ among age categories. Males maintained smaller home ranges during spring than during other seasons and old males ($7 years old) displayed smaller seasonal home ranges than young or mature males. Deer exhibited greater fidelity to home range during summer than during spring, prerut, and rut seasons. We detected limited evidence supporting the subdominant-dominant-floater model. The high fidelity to home range between years that we saw suggests little between-year shifting; however, annual home-range sizes exceeded the acreage of most private landholdings, which should be considered when formulating management plans.
Anharmonic effects in the basal expansion of layered solids: The layered perovskites

Abstract The composition-dependent basal-spacing of the mixed-alkali layered perovskites Cs x Rb 1− x Ca 2 Nb 3 O 10 , has been measured over the range, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 using high resolution X-ray diffraction and is compared with previous results on other layered solids. The perovskite results are incompatible with both the flexible layer model, which has been successfully applied to graphite, dichalcogenides and clays and also with the harmonic rigid layer model but are in excellent agreement with the anharmonic Leonard-Jones model. The crucial role of anharmonicity is experimentally confirmed for the first time.
Protein transport by lung.

Rabbits were given intravenous injections of L-leucine 4,5/sup 3/H and L- leucine-/sup 12/C. The animals were killed at intervals up to 17h after the last injection and the lungs were removed and lavaged. After the lavage the lungs were minced and homogenized. Proteins were assayed for radioactivity. The time course of the protein specific activity of lung tissue protein and protein obtained by lung lavage were consistent with a precursorsuccessor relationship between these compartments. (HLW)
Lowered serum cholesterol following the ingestion of a hydrophilic colloid.

An attempt was made to test the possible clinical application of the cholesterol-lowering effect of hydrophilic colloids. 10 patients with high mean serum cholesterol levels during a 3-week control period and 9 with normal mean levels were each fed 11.5 g daily of undiluted hydrophilic colloid for 5 weeks. Serum cholesterol decreased significantly in 8 of the 10 (80%) patients with control-period hypercholesterolemia and 6 of the 9 (662/3%) with control-period normal levels. These findings tend to confirm the observation that a simple and commonly used type of medication for chronic constipation, particularly in the elderly, may be a useful adjunct in the managements of hypercholesterolemia.
isolated lung strips of guinea pigs: Responses to β-adrenergic agonists and antagonists

Abstract Isolated lung strips of guinea pigs were examined as an in vitro model for assessing the direct effect of β-adrenergic drugs at the level of peripheral airways. Changes in intrinsic tone of thin strips of lung parenchyma were measured with an isometric force transducer. Isoproterenol, a nonselective β-adrenergic agonist, and several β-adrenergic agonists, storenenol, salbutamol, metaproterenol and ritodrine elicited a dose-related relaxation of lung strip. Responses to isoproterenol were antagonized by propranolol and the selective beta blocking agents butoxamine ( β 2 ) and practolol ( β 1 ). These results were compared to data obtained with the same compounds on isolated guinea pig atria. All agonists except ritodrine were full agonists in the lung strip whereas isoproterenol and metaproterenol were the only full agonists in the atrial preparation. In the atria, practolol was a more effective blocker of isoproterenol responses than butoxamine, and the reverse was true for the lung strip.
Studies on the Use of Permanent Milk Pipelines in Dairy Barns. I. Effect of Different Types of Installation on Milk Quality

Summary Four different systems of milking and milk-handling at the farm were compared, including an open-combine system, a closed-combine system, a conventional machine milking system and a cow-to-cooler combine milker installed in a stanchion-type barn. The cow-to-cooler system involved delivery of the milk through a pipeline 200 ft. long which was cleaned throughout the study without dismantling. Bacteriological analyses covered a period of 7 mo. and involved 484 observations. The results indicate that milk of acceptable quality can be produced by use of any one of these systems.However, personnel may be an important factor in the production of quality milk using the cow-to-cooler system cleaned in place. Variations in outside temperatures had very little effect on the bacterial count when the milk was cooled within 30 minutes. When cooling was delayed until the conclusion of the entire milking chore, there was a tendency toward a higher bacterial count when higher outside temperatures prevailed.
High-sensitivity lumped-element bandpass modulators in LiNbO/sub 3/

Th design and evaluation of high-sensitivity lumped-element, bandpass modulators based on the integrated-optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer are presented. The optimum impedance-matched modulator response is formulated. Then a passive resonant drive circuit that achieves this response is described. In contrast to the usual baseband case, the maximum response of the impedance-matched modulator is independent of modulator length. Experimental results are given for several modulators built in lithium niobate using this circuit. Undesirable acoustic resonances are observed, and a technique for their suppression is demonstrated. >
Analysis of thermo-mechanical cracking in refractory coatings using variable pulse-duration laser pulse heating

Abstract Large caliber cannon firing represents a unique and demanding environment, characterized by a transient surface temperature spike of about 1500 K over about 2 ms. Design and evaluation of protective coatings that can withstand this intense thermal loading without thermo-mechanical failure and wear is an ongoing process, but live-fire tests to assess coating performance are difficult and expensive. Previous studies demonstrated that Cr and Ta coatings irradiated with a pulsed laser with a 5 ms pulse duration exhibited morphological features comparable to those observed in cannons, including recrystallization and grain growth of Cr, crack formation, a phase transition in the substrate steel, interface degradation, and chemical reactions in the steel [P.J. Cote, G. Kendall, M.E. Todaro, Laser pulse heating of gun bore coatings, Surf. Coat. Tech. 146–147 (2001) 65–69; P.J. Cote, M.E. Todaro, G. Kendall, M. Witherell, Gun bore erosion mechanisms revisited with laser pulse heating, Surf. Coat. Tech. 163–164 (2003) 478–483]. However, the laser was unable to induce the types of adhesive failures that accelerate wear and erosion in coatings that were subsequently observed to fail in this manner during live fire testing. The recent acquisition of a variable-pulse duration Nd:YAG laser, which allows a pulse duration as low as 0.5 ms, has resulted in initiation of coating adhesive failure in much better agreement with live fire tests. The variable pulse duration enables study of the varied thermal loading and the resulting wear and erosion behavior experienced by the cannon bore at various locations, which improves the fidelity of the laser test. The ability to independently vary the fluence supplied to the coating and the pulse duration affords insight into the processes leading to thermally induced wear and erosion. Finite-difference calculations of the heat flow in the coatings are presented to explain the temporal and depth-resolved temperature profile in the coating, and the implications of this profile for coating wear in thermal transient environments are discussed.
Surface Exchange Model of Radiative Heat Transfer From Anisotropic Scattering Layers

Scaling laws are developed that reduce the radiative heat transfer problem in an isothermal, absorbing-emitting, planar layer to a radiative exchange problem between gray surfaces through a nonparticipating medium. The wall reflectivity and the surface temperatures become the parameters to be scaled. The scaled parameters are obtained by matching the heat fluxes leaving the original layer. The resulting scaled nonparticipating reflectivity is found to be a function of the original medium reflectivity and the optical depth. The scaled nonparticipating surface temperatures include the influence of the medium temperature and the boundary source. Excellent agreement is shown for the layer reflectance, transmittance, and emittance of some anisotropic scattering media, which are scaled to a nonparticipating layer using this and the previously developed scaling laws.
Reproductive limits and heterogeneity of male twospotted spider mites

This paper determines reproductive limits and variation in performance of male twospotted spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch when virgin females are provided ad libitum over the first eight days of adult life. Three phases of male reproduction were studied: copulations, insemination and reproduction. An average one day old male copulated 15 times, inseminated 15 females, and contributed to 336 daughters. All parameters declined with age. The average male inseminated 70 females and contributed to 1145 daughters in the first days. Variability between males was small for all parameters considered. These data suggest that the number of sperm transferred at each insemination, rather than the number of inseminations, is the limiting step to higher male reproductive output. Resume Limites et heterogeneite des possibilites reproductives du mâle de Tetranychus urticae Koch, en presence d'un nombre illimite de femelles La reproduction est un processus qui necessite generalement un mâle et une femelle. Cependant la biologie des populations ne s'est traditionnellement interessee qu'a la contribution des femelles dans ce processus. Un effet de cet accent sur les femelles est que l'activite reproductrice des mâles a ete tres ignoree. Cet article examine, dans un contexte demographique, l'activite reproductrice des mâles de T. urticae, acarien arrhenotoque et phytophage. Trois sequences de l'activite reproductrice des mâles ont ete examinees: 1) la copulation, 2) l'insemination, 3) la reproduction. En moyenne un mâle de 1 jour a copule 15 fois, insemine 15 femelles et a eu 336 filles. Pendant les 8 premiers jours, le mâle moyen a insemine 70 femelles et a eu 1145 filies. Ces resultats suggerent que le nombre de spermatozoides transferes a chaque insemination, plus que le nombre d'inseminations, est le facteur limitant d'une forte contribution du mâle a la reproduction.
Contralateral noise has possible asymmetric frequency-sensitive effect on the 2F1-F2 otoacoustic emission in humans.

Abstract Contralateral acoustic stimulation has been shown to produce a suppressive effect on the 2F1-F2 distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). According to reports by other studies, there is a frequency-specific suppressive region between 1 and 2 kHz when the contralateral broadband or narrowband noise stimulation contains energy close to or near the F2 frequencies in that region. In general the broader the bandwidth of the noise stimulation, the greater is the suppressive effect. A frequency-sensitive region between 1 and 2 kHz has also been suggested as narrowband noises with center frequencies remote from the F2 frequency seems to produce suppression in the same defined region. In order to test this hypothesis, narrowband noises wide enough to elicit suppression with center frequencies unmatched to the F2 frequencies were employed in the present study. For the right ear, a strong frequency-sensitive suppressive region was noted for the F2 frequency at 2 kHz, but not at 1 and 4 kHz. The left ear had some suppression at 1 kHz, but this effect was not as robust as seen in the right ear. The apparent suppressive differences between ears suggest a possible MOC reflex asymmetry that has not previously been described for DPOAEs. These results suggest that physiological differences between ears and possibly handedness must be taken into account when examining contralateral suppression to narrowband noises. Furthermore, the frequency contributions of the contralateral stimulus may have a greater complex interaction with the cochlear physiology than previously considered.
Heat capacity of cadmium oxysulfate from 5.16 to 300.7 K and relative enthalpy to 1001.5 K

The heat capacity of cadmium oxysulfate (2CdO·CdSO4) from 5.16 to 300.7 was measured by adiabatic calorimetry and the relative enthalpy to 1001.5 K by copper-block drop calorimetry. A non-isothermal transition was observed over the temperature range 245 to 260 K with a peak at 253 K. The values at 298.15 K for Cp,mo, “Smo(T)−Smo(0)’, −“Gmo(T)−Hmo(0)’T, and “Hmo(T)−Hmo(0)’ are 193.67, 246.59, and 125.81 J·K−1·mol−1, and 36.01 kJ·mol−1, respectively. These properties are also reported at convenient temperature intervals from 5 to 1000 K.
Integrating new information with old knowledge.

Three experiments investigated the integration of new information with old concepts about famous people and the extent to which learning conditions influence this integr0tion. In Experiments 1 and 2, subjects learned a set of facts about famous people in a list or in the context of a short biography. The facts were normatively related to prior knowledge of the person. Subjects were tested on sentences that required them to make an inference combining the newly learned fact with a well-known old fact te.g., subjects learned “Walt Disney grew up on a farm“ and were tested with ”The creator of Mickey Mouse grew up on a farm”. They were faster when the newly learned facts were clearly related to old knowledge about the person, but only in the biography condition. In Experiment 3, inferences were verified faster when the description and fact were consistent with the same perspective, hut only in the story condition, not in the list condition. These experiments suggest that activating old knowledge facilitates integration and that new information is not necessarily integrated with all old knowledge about a given concept but, rather, is organized within a subconcept.
Gender influence on weight-loss pattern and survival of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma patients

BACKGROUND Gender has recently emerged as a discriminating factor in nonsmall lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patient outcome. Since the potential for interaction among established prognostic factors and gender in this common disease has not been explored, the authors evaluated the role of gender and weight-loss pattern in predicting clinical outcome in a balanced population of men and women presenting with NSCLC. METHODS From a tumor registry population of 368 NSCLC patients, a gender-balanced sample of 152 cases was randomly selected for review, using prospective inclusion criteria. Study parameters were age, race, tobacco and alcohol history, gender, weight-loss pattern, histology, TNM stage, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and therapy. Influences of study variables on Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival were subsequently determined using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Overall median survival after diagnosis was significantly shorter for men with NSCLC than for women with the disease (40 vs. 78 weeks, P = 0.001). Men lost significantly more weight over their disease course than women (12.2 vs. 5.4 pounds, P = 0.006) and experienced an eightfold faster rate of initial weight loss (0.25 vs. 0.03 pounds per week, P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the strongest independent predictors of NSCLC patient survival were stage of disease, initial weight-loss rate, and gender (all P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that weight loss may play a role in mediating gender-related differences in NSCLC patient survival and provide an impetus for further studies of gender influence on cancer outcome. Cancer 1996;78:2119-26.
Quantitation of transient gene expression after electroporation

The combination of a photometric reporter-gene assay, with transfection by electroporation, is potentially a rapid and sensitive tool for the study of genetic regulatory elements in many types of cells. We have found that the sensitivity, accuracy, and reproducibility of the technique is greatly improved by the inclusion of appropriately chosen carrier DNA as the primary DNA species present during electroporation. By using high levels of carrier, the activities of constructs of differing sizes can be quantitatively compared, active constructs can be assayed with sub-microgram amounts of plasmid, and the activities of the constructs are linear over a wide concentration of DNA. In addition, the activity of miniprep DNA can be screened without purification on CsCl gradients giving activities equal to CsCl-purified DNA. This is extremely useful when doing preliminary screening of large numbers of constructs for promoter or enhancer activities. We report the results of testing various types of DNA as carrier, and the parameters for optimizing its use.
Written in our genes

In 1983, Langston and colleagues reported that accidental exposure of humans to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces a Parkinsonian state ([1][1], [2][2]). The authors hypothesized that damage to the substantia nigra might reflect a selective toxicity of MPTP for dopaminergic
Phosorus availability in an acidified watershed-lake ecosystem

Acid precipitation has been shown to reduce phosphorus (P) outputs from terrestrial sources. We present field evidence that the in-lake P cycle may also be disrupted in atmospherically acidified watershed-lake ecosystems. PlesneLake in the Bohemian Forest is an acidified forest lake with epilimnetic pH of 4.5-4.9, total P concentration of ;10 m gL 21 , and pronounced anoxia above the bottom during winter and summer stratification periods. The water chemistry of the anoxic zone develops in a predictable way: After depletion of dissolved oxygen, concentra- tions of nitrate and sulfate decrease while concentrations of ammonium, iron, alkalinity, and pH increase; the only exception to the general pattern is a permanently low concentration of dissolved reactive P ( ,1 m gL 21 ) above the sediment. This in-lake P inactivation can be explained by the acidification of soils in the watershed and subsequent precip- itation of Al in the lake. The suggested mechanism is as follows: atmospheric deposition of strong acids has resulted in strong acidification and nitrogen saturation of soils in the PlesneLake watershed and, consequently, in high terrestrial losses of Al (0.78-1.04 mg L 21 ), SO (4.5-7.7 mg L 21 ), and NO (0.48-1.15 mg L 21 NO3-N) to the 2 22 43 lake. Biological removal of NO and SO by both assimilatory and dissimilatory reduction contributes greatly to 2 22 34 the total in-lake alkalinity generation and to the increase in water pH. Under higher pH, ionic Al species hydrolyze and form colloidal Al hydroxides (Alpart), which coagulate dissolved organic carbon and adsorb orthophosphate in the water column. The Al hydroxides settle and increase the P sorption capacity of the sediment. The elevated content of fresh Al oxyhydroxides in the surface sediment reduces P release to the water column after orthophosphate liberation from ferric oxyhydroxides during anoxia, because Alpart complexes are not sensitive to redox changes. The example of PlesneLake shows that atmospheric acidification of a watershed-lake ecosystem may provide the natural conditions for in-lake P inactivation similar to the lake restoration technique based on the artificial addition of Al salt to the water column.
Circadian phase shifting induced by clonidine injections in Syrian hamsters

Abstract The mammalian circadian pacemaker can be phase shifted by photic, pharmacological, and behaviorally‐derived stimuli. The phase‐response curves (PRCs) characterizing these diverse stimuli may comprise two distinct families; a photic PRC typified by the response to brief light pulses, and a non‐photic PRC, typified by the response to dark pulses and to behavioral activation. The present study examined the phase shifting effects of acute systemic treatment with the alpha2‐adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, in Syrian hamsters. Clonidine injections (0.25 mg/kg, ip) delivered during subjective night mimicked the phase shifting effects of light pulses in animals housed in both constant darkness (DD) and constant red light (RR), but similar effects were not seen in saline‐treated controls. Both clonidine and saline injections resulted in phase advances during subjective day, but only in RR‐housed animals. Clonidine‐induced phase shifting was dose‐dependent, but rather high doses were required to induce pha...
Characteristics and performance of miniature NBS passive hydrogen masers

Recent data on the miniature (30 kg) passive hydrogen masers developed at the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) indicate a frequency stability of σ2 y (τ) ≤ (1.5 × 10−12τ−1/2)2 + (5 × 10−15)2 1 s < τ < 5 × 105 s. These masers also have extremely low sensitivity to changes in the external magnetic field or temperature. The sensitivity to barometric pressure and or humidity, although very small, does dominate the residuals in one of the miniature masers for times beyond about a week. Frequency drift is so small as to be hidden in the present measurement precision. The fractional reproducibility under all changes, excluding the storage bulb, appears to be better than 5 × 10−13. The concepts behind the physics and the electronics that made these advances possible as well as present limitations are explained in some detail.
Emergency department use and perceived delay in accessing illness care among children with Medicaid.

Background.—Children covered by Medicaid are at increased risk of emergency department (ED) utilization. Objective.—To examine whether an association exists between ED use and perceived delay in accessing acute care. Design and Setting.—Cross-sectional study. We used data from the Consumer Assessment of Health Plans Survey collected by Washington State Medicaid in 2000. We used multivariate logistic regression to determine the odds of any ED use, using a model that included whether the parent reported not always receiving illness care for the child as soon as wanted (perceived delay), age, gender, race/ethnicity, health status, presence of a special health care need, primary language, needing an interpreter, parental education, and having a regular provider. Subjects.—Parents of a random sample of children from 9 Medicaid managed care plans were surveyed if their children were Main Outcome Measures.—Any ED use in the past 6 months. Results.—The response rate was 56.3%, yielding 5142 subjects. Of children with illnesses in the previous 6 months, 69.1% of parents reported that their child always received care as soon as they wanted; 19.9%, 8.2%, and 2.8% reported usually, sometimes, and never, respectively. Not always (vs always) receiving illness care as soon as wanted was significantly associated with increased odds of any ED use (adjusted odds ratio: 1.79; 95% confidence interval: 1.35– 2.36). Conclusion.—Children with managed care Medicaid are more likely to use the ED if parents perceive any delay in receiving illness care.
Developmental changes in the expression of GABAA receptor subunits α1, α2, and α3 in the rat pre-Bötzinger complex

Previously, we reported that the pre-Botzinger complex (PBC) exhibited a dramatic reduction in cytochrome oxidase activity at postnatal day (P) 12. This coincided in time with decreases in glutamat...
Tunable squeezed-light generation from twin beams using an optical-phase feed-forward scheme.

We analyze an optical-phase feed-forward scheme to produce a squeezed-light beam from intensity-correlated twin beams generated by nondegenerate parametric amplification. The quadrature measurement of the idler beam at the output of the parametric amplifier is linearly fed forward onto the output signal beam with an electro-optic phase modulator. The minimum available squeezing factor is shown to be 1/(2g − 1), where g is the parametric amplifier gain, and is equal to the nonclassical intensity-noise reduction factor of the original twin beams at the output of the parametric amplifier. By changing the frequency of the input signal beam, one can generate tunable squeezed light with this scheme for application in precision spectroscopy.
A Technique for Direct Visualization of Metal Implanted in Mature Rats

Metals have been placed into experimental animals in powder from (6), as particulate matter (7), or in the form of wire (8) in order to ascertain tissue reactions. Because of the significant implications of changes appearing in the respiratory system, where frequent initial contact is made with atmospheric metallic elements, the lung has often been a target of study. The kidneys also have been investigated (9, 10).
RFID information grid for blind navigation and wayfinding

We describe a navigation and location determination system for the blind using an RFID tag grid. Each RFID tag is programmed upon installation with spatial coordinates and information describing the surroundings. This allows for a self-describing, localized information system with no dependency on a centralized database or wireless infrastructure for communications. We describe the system and report on its characteristic performance, limitations, and lessons learned.
The Prayers of Socrates

FIRST I must say whom I mean by "Socrates." I shall use that name to refer to the main protagonist of Plato's authentic dialogues. Hence the prayers examined in this article are literary phenomena. They belong to the second of Friedrich Heiler's two classes of prayers "prayed" prayers and literary prayers.' In a sense they are also prayed prayers, for the Socrates of the dialogues is not just a product of Plato's poetic genius. Plato had known Socrates well. and it seems reasonable to assume that he would not have written prayers incongruous with Socrates' character. Still these prayers are more the product of art than of spontaneous piety.3 I have located twelve prayers of Socrates in the dialogues.4 These
Continuous infusion vs intermittent vancomycin in neurosurgical intensive care unit patients.

Abstract Purpose Target plasma level achievement has remained a challenge in neurosurgical intensive care unit patients receiving intravenous vancomycin. We evaluated continuous infusion (CI) and intermittent vancomycin dosing strategies in these patients. Methods This retrospective cohort compared CI vancomycin (target random levels, 20-30 mg/L) to intermittent vancomycin (target troughs, 15-20 mg/L) in regards to achievement of target plasma levels, nephrotoxicity, pharmacodynamic target attainment, and cost savings in 130 patients. Results Continuous infusion resulted in greater achievement of goal plasma concentrations at the first steady-state level (40 vs 21.5%, P = .02), more rapid achievement of goal plasma concentrations (2.04 vs 3.76 days, P P P = .5). Continuous infusion improved pharmacodynamic target attainment (92.3% vs 30.8%, P P = .0007), dose adjustments (1.4 vs 2.4, P = .0006), days of therapy (10.4 vs 14.1, P = .01), and mean total daily dose requirements (33 vs 35.7 mg/kg, P Conclusions Continuous infusion appears beneficial for improving attainment of target plasma concentrations, pharmacodynamic goals, and financial burden, without increasing risk of acute kidney injury.