cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Suitability of the Method Of Lines for rendering analytic/numeric solutions of the unsteady heat conduction equation in a large plane wall with asymmetric convective boundary conditions

Abstract The primary objective of the present study is to implement the Method Of Lines (MOL) for the analysis of the unsteady, one-dimensional, heat conduction equation in a large plane wall with different convective boundary conditions at the two exposed surfaces. In the equation, MOL discretizes the space derivative while leaving the time derivative continuous. By way of MOL, the adjoint system of linear, first order ordinary differential equations will be solved analytically (not numerically) with the eigenvalue method. The outcome of the computational procedure provides a discrete sequence of piecewise temperatures-time variations at each line, which is expressed in terms of linear combinations of exponential functions of time containing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. A practical example dealing with the temperature evolution in a large single-pane window is tackled with two meshes, one having three and the other having five lines. The collection of analytic/numeric temperature–time solutions provided by MOL and the eigenvalue method exhibits excellent quality at all time.
Effects of electromagnetic radiation on health and immune function of operators

Objective To investigate the effects of electromagnetic radiation on the physiological indices and immune function of operators.Methods The general conditions and electromagnetic radiation awareness rate of 205 operators under electromagnetic radiation were evaluated using a self-designed questionnaire.Physical examination,electrocardiography,and routine urine test were performed in these operators.Peripheral blood was collected from the operators under electromagnetic radiation for blood cell counting and biochemical testing,and their peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured for determination of chromosomal aberrant frequency and micronucleus frequency.The data from these operators (exposure group)were compared with those of 95 ordinary individuals (control group).Results The chief complaint of giddiness,tiredness,dizziness,and amnesia showed significant differences between the exposure group and control group (P＜0.01),and the difference in headache became larger with an increase in working years.The awareness rate of electromagnetic radiation damage was significantly higher in the exposure group than in the control group.The difference in bradycardia was significant between the two groups (P＜0.01),and the incidence was higher with longer working years.Significant differences between the two groups were also found in the numbers of individuals with elevated alanine aminotransferase,total bilirubin,and direct bilirubin (P＜0.01),populations with increased lymphocyte ratio and decreased neutrophil ratio (P＜0.01),populations with positive occult blood,urobilinogen,and bilirubin tests,and the number of individuals with increased micronucleus frequency of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes (P＜0.01).In addition,the exposure group had significantly increased complement C3 and C4 (P＜0.01),significantly increased IgG (P＜0.05),and significantly decreased IgM (P＜0.01),as compared with the control group.Conclusion Electromagnetic radiation may lead to the changes in physiological indices,genetic effects,and immune function and affect the health and immune function in operators.The adverse effects are increased as the working years increase.So it is important to strengthen occupational protection of operators under electromagnetic radiation. Key words: Electromagnetic radiation; Questionnaire; Immune factor; Routine blood test; Serum biochemical parameter; Micronucleus frequency
Effects of a Paired Literacy Program on Emerging Bilingual Children’s Biliteracy Outcomes in Third Grade:

This longitudinal study examined whether the implementation of a Spanish-English paired literacy approach provides an academic advantage to emerging bilingual students over a sequential literacy approach. The study employed a quasi-experimental design. It compared the biliteracy outcomes of third-grade emerging bilingual learners participating in paired literacy instruction from Grades K-3 (n = 167) to those of students from the same schools who received sequential literacy instruction in K-2 and started to participate in the paired literacy model in third grade (n = 191). Students’ writing and reading were assessed in both languages using informal measures; third-grade reading scores on a high-stakes state assessment were also examined. Independent-samples t tests were conducted to compare means on the four measures (Spanish and English writing and reading), and Cohen’s d was calculated to generate effect sizes for each assessment in each language. Frequencies were run to determine the percentage of stud...
Comparing Small Graph Retrieval Performance for Ontology Concepts in Medical Texts

Some terminologies and ontologies, such as SNOMED CT, allow for post–coordinated as well as pre-coordinated expressions. Post–coordinated expressions are, essentially, small segments of the terminology graphs. Compositional expressions add logical and linguistic relations to the standard technique of post-coordination. In indexing medical text, many instances of compositional expressions must be stored, and in performing retrieval on that index, entire compositional expressions and sub-parts of those expressions must be searched. The problem becomes a small graph query against a large collection of small graphs. This is further complicated by the need to also find sub-graphs from a collection of small graphs. In previous systems using compositional expressions, such as iNLP, the index was stored in a relational database. We compare retrieval characteristics of relational databases, triplestores, and general graph databases to determine which is most efficient for the task at hand.
Conditions Affecting Sertoli Cells

This chapter discusses several conditions that affect Sertoli cells. During adulthood the Sertoli cell provides the nurturing milieu necessary for spermatogonial stem cells to commit to proliferation and differentiation in continuous waves of maturing male gametes. It is thus useful to classify the entities that affect Sertoli cell function depending on when they occur. Some genetic diseases affecting Sertoli cells in utero will predominantly interfere with the process of sexual differentiation. Other entities occurring early postnatally will affect Sertoli cell number and hence, the efficiency of spermatogenesis. Finally, testicular exposure to noxious environmental stimuli in adulthood may lead to the inability of the Sertoli cells to nurse the male gametes in their maturational process and to various degrees of impairment in spermatogenesis and male factor infertility. Mixed gonadal dysgenesis (MGD) is characterized by various degrees of testicular differentiation ranging from immature testes to streak gonads. On the other hand, true hermaphroditism (TH) is characterized by the presence in either or both gonads of well-differentiated ovarian and testicular tissues. Unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism always accompanies testicular dysgenesis. In both entities the Sertoli cells that are present in the male portion of the gonad or the whole gonad are immature, displaying round to ovoid nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli.
Creation of bioartificial organs: the state of the art from a scientific point of view

La medicina rigenerativa e riparativa e una delle opzioni terapeutiche piu interessanti dei prossimi anni, e il potere di sostituire intere strutture organiche danneggiate o organi e, a nostro avviso, la possibilita piu innovativa in questo campo. In relazione alla creazione di organi bioartificiali, in particolare, cuori, polmoni, fegato, reni, ovaie, intestino, pancreas e cornee sono gia stati generati, tutti in ambito sperimentale. Tuttavia lo sviluppo piu innovativo e, senza dubbio, che questi esperimenti hanno gia raggiunto il campo clinico, dal momento che in due pazienti con stenosi tracheale dovuta a cause diverse e stato possibile sostituire la trachea colpita con uno nuova creata bioartificialmente; e stato mostrato che dopo il trapianto del nuovo organo, entrambi i pazienti hanno recuperato la loro capacita respiratoria e sono stati quindi in grado di riprendere la loro vita normale. ---------- Regenerative and reparatory medicine is one of the most attractive therapeutic options of the coming years, and the power to replace entire damaged organic structures or organs is, in our opinion, the most innovative possibility in this field. In relation to the creation of bioartificial organs in particular, hearts, lungs, livers, kidneys, ovaries, intestines, pancreas and corneas have already been generated, all in the experimental field. However the most innovative development is, undoubtedly, that these experiments have already reached the clinical field, since in two patients with tracheal stenosis due to different causes, it has been possible to replace the affected trachea with a new one created bioartificially; it was shown that after transplant of the new organ, both patients recovered their respiratory capacity and were consequently able to resume their normal life.
Indigenous Land Rights and Self-Determination in Botswana

This article argues that government resistance to the recognition of indigenous land tenure and rights in Botswana presents a serious challenge for the future of indigenous Basarwa peoples. While the government of Botswana was a signatory to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, it has not been willing to offer policy support for self-determination.
The Role of ATP and ATPase in the Release of Catecholamines from the Adrenal Medulla: I. ATP-Evoked Release of Catecholamines, ATP, and Protein from Isolated Chromaffin Granules

Studies were carried out on isolated chromaffin granules from bovine adrenal medullae. The granules were purified by Millipore filtration and incubated at 30°C. ATP caused a concentration-dependent release of catecholamines at concentrations from 0.0625 to 0.5 mM. AMP, cyclic 39,59-AMP3, and CTP were ineffective, while ADP and adenosine tetraphosphate had some releasing activity. ATP-evoked release was observed in the presence of Mg or Mn, but not in that of Ca, Ba, or Sr. Na and K were equally effective in supporting release by ATP + Mg, but 0.3 M sucrose abolished the response. AMP and NEM also inhibited ATP-evoked release. There was a correlation between catecholamine release and ATPase activity. Discharge of catecholamines was accompanied by liberation of ATP and protein but not of cholesterol. A model is proposed to explain the present results in relation to catecholamine secretion in vivo.
Matter, Places, and Persons in Cahokian Depositional Acts

Artifact caching, soil layering, and other intentional depositional practices—archaeologically defined “ritual deposits” of the past—are especially prevalent during the Mississippian period. Employing a perspective of relational ontology, however, we interrogate the validity of a past partitioned into religious, political, and daily spheres. Rather, this perspective emphasizes the multi-experiential and multi-dimensional aspects of social life. Meaning, intentional depositional acts can no longer be usefully described as simply “sacred” or “ritual” practices. Rather, these deposits should be explored as experiences tied to multiple layers of social life, investigating the relationships constructed through such deposits between humans, nonhuman agents, and the landscape.
Silicon-germanium power devices at low temperatures for deep-space applications

Silicon-germanium heterostructure. based 1-watt n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor modulation-doped field effect transistors (MOS-MODFETs) with 6 /spl mu/m gate lengths and 1 mm total gate widths have been designed, fabricated and tested from 300 K to 90 K. The devices were fabricated by an ion-implanted process and employ a low-temperature thermal oxide and PECVD deposited oxide as the gate insulator. The devices showed a saturation current of approximately 77 mA at V/sub DS/=14 V, V/sub GS/=5V at 90 K, corresponding to a power dissipation of 1 W. Because they employ oxide as a gate dielectric, the devices have a low gate leakage current of <1 nA at V/sub GS/=10 V.
Animal crackers in my … book? Effects of shared reading on parents’ memory for product placement in children’s books

ABSTRACTThe unique combination of characteristics that contribute to the shared reading of children’s picture books foster involvement, engagement, and communication, and result in socialization and development. They also have the potential to make readers susceptible to product placements used in the medium. Currently research on product placement spans almost every medium, with the notable exception of children’s picture books, where research on the practice has been underserved despite its existing presence. The present study recognizes the combination of multi-sensory and social context encoding that takes place during shared reading in this medium and explores how cognitive busyness arising from parent-child engagement with the narrative may inhibit persuasion knowledge while reading children’s books. Using a laboratory experiment and quantitative statistical analysis, the present study demonstrates that shared reading positively affects parents’ recollection of product placements in children’s pictu...
Evidence of Cognitive Bias in Decision Making Around Implantable-Cardioverter Defibrillators: A Qualitative Framework Analysis.

Abstract Background Studies have demonstrated that patients with primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) often misunderstand the ICD. Advances in behavioral economics demonstrate that some misunderstandings may be due to cognitive biases. We aimed to explore the influence of cognitive bias on ICD decision making. Methods and Results We used a qualitative framework analysis including 9 cognitive biases: affect heuristic, affective forecasting, anchoring, availability, default effects, halo effects, optimism bias, framing effects, and state dependence. We interviewed 48 patients from 4 settings in Denver. The majority were male (n = 32). Overall median age was 61 years. We found frequent evidence for framing, default, and halo effects; some evidence of optimism bias, affect heuristic, state dependence, anchoring and availability bias; and little or no evidence of affective forecasting. Framing effects were apparent in overestimation of benefits and downplaying or omitting potential harms. Conclusions We found evidence of cognitive bias in decision making for ICD implantation. The majority of these biases appeared to encourage ICD treatment.
Geographies of media and communication II: Arcs of communication

Some of the most perceptive contributions to the geographic study of media and communication have been in areas of landscapes studies and geohumanities. To bring landscape and geohumanities insights together more explicitly with communication and media, this progress report draws on George Revill’s concept of an ‘arc of sound’, expanding the concept’s scope to an arc of communication – a dynamic trajectory connecting one vantage point to another through various translations and shifts. It is a mix of integration and translation that forms its own space, place and time, integrating elements of embodied performance, multiple sensory modalities, temporality, absence and excess. Arcs of communication often depend on collaboration and can produce transformations of identity. The concept of the arc of communication enables discovery of numerous threads connecting landscape studies to geohumanities while deepening geographical understandings of media and communication.
optCluster: An R Package for Determining the Optimal Clustering Algorithm.

There exist numerous programs and packages that perform validation for a given clustering solution; however, clustering algorithms fare differently as judged by different validation measures. If more than one performance measure is used to evaluate multiple clustering partitions, an optimal result is often difficult to determine by visual inspection alone. This paper introduces optCluster, an R package that uses a single function to simultaneously compare numerous clustering partitions (created by different algorithms and/or numbers of clusters) and obtain a "best" option for a given dataset. The method of weighted rank aggregation is utilized by this package to objectively aggregate various performance measure scores, thereby taking away the guesswork that often follows a visual inspection of cluster results. The optCluster package contains biological validation measures as well as clustering algorithms developed specifically for RNA sequencing data, making it a useful tool for clustering genomic data. AVAILABILITY This package is available for free through the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) at http://cran.rproject.org/web/packages/optCluster/.
Unimolecular Micelle-Based Hybrid System for Perivascular Drug Delivery Produces Long-Term Efficacy for Neointima Attenuation in Rats

At present, there are no clinical options for preventing neointima-caused (re)stenosis after open surgery such as bypass surgery for treating flow-limiting vascular disease. Perivascular drug delivery is a promising strategy, but in translational research, it remains a major challenge to achieve long-term (e.g., > 3 months) anti(re)stenotic efficacy. In this study, we engineered a unique drug delivery system consisting of durable unimolecular micelles, formed by single multiarm star amphiphilic block copolymers with only covalent bonds, and a thermosensitive hydrogel formed by a poly(lactide-co-glycolide)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(lactide-co-glycolide) triblock copolymer (abbreviated as triblock gel) that is stable for about 4 weeks in vitro. The drug-containing unimolecular micelles (UMs) suspended in Triblock gel were able to sustain rapamycin release for over 4 months. Remarkably, even 3 months after perivascular application of the rapamycin-loaded micelles in Triblock gel in the rat model, the intima...
Chloroquine-Modified Hydroxyethyl Starch as a Polymeric Drug for Cancer Therapy

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is a clinically used polysaccharide colloidal plasma volume expander. The goal of this study was to synthesize HES modified with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as a novel polymeric drug with the ability to inhibit the invasive character of pancreatic cancer (PC) cells. HES was conjugated with HCQ using a simple carbonyldiimidazole coupling to prepare Chloroquine-modified HES (CQ-HES). CQ-HES with various degrees of HCQ substitution were synthesized and characterized. Atomic force microscopy was used to demonstrate a pH-dependent assembly of CQ-HES into well-defined nanoparticles. In vitro studies in multiple PC cell lines showed CQ-HES to have a similar toxicity profile as HCQ. Confocal microscopy revealed the propensity of CQ-HES to localize to lysosomes and mechanistic studies confirmed the ability of CQ-HES to inhibit autophagy in PC cells. Further studies demonstrated a greatly enhanced ability of CQ-HES to inhibit the migration and invasion of PC cells when compared with HCQ. The ...
The “Unusual Episode” and a Second Statistics Course

Dawson (1995) described a dataset giving population at risk and fatalities for an unusual mortality episode (the sinking of the ocean liner Titanic), and discussed experiences in using the dataset ...
Diagnosis and Surveillance of Upper Tract Tumors

Upper tract transitional cell carcinoma is rare and historically has resulted in nephroureterectomy. Diagnosis and treatment historically relied upon finding radiographic filling defects in the collecting system. With the advent of small caliber ureteroscopes, small working instruments, and lasers, nephron-sparing procedures are available to these patients. Additionally, these technological advances can be used to rapidly diagnose patients.
How Long Must One Stay in the USVI to Be Considered a 'Resident' to Qualify for the 90% Rsidency Tax Credit?

Residents of the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) generally file their tax returns with the USVI tax authorities rather than the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). U.S. citizens who are non-resident to the USVI are generally not liable to the USVI for tax even where such non-residents are party to a joint U.S. federal income tax return with a USVI resident. However, where a U.S. citizen who is a non-resident of the USVI chooses to file a joint income tax return with a USVI resident, the non-resident may elect to file the return in the USVI under certain circumstances. The USVI resident's USVI income tax return must identify the source of each item of income on the return. It is likely that the USVI would enforce a more relaxed residency requirement for participation in the EDC program than they would for general workers under the "one year" program. However, a person is not required to show an intention to remain in the USVI until death. This sentiment was echoed by USVI legislature when it noted that Federal and not USVI legislation has resulted in the USVI being included on the OECD list.
Cytomegalovirus and Blood Transfusion

This chapter summarizes the evidence that cytomegalovirus is present in certain cells in whole blood in both the active and latent state and that the virus can be transmitted in its latent state to a susceptible host by transfusion. Normal and immunosuppressed adults and newborn infant recipients are discussed as well as some methods of prevention.
Treatment of Mycotic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms and Infected Aortic Grafts

Mycotic aortic aneurysms and infection of aortic grafts are dreaded complications of aortic disease that have been associated with high rates of major morbidity and mortality. Improved outcomes reported in recent years have been predicated on arriving at a timely diagnosis and developing an appropriate treatment plan after consideration of all options. This chapter will provide data to support a rational algorithm for the diagnosis of these challenging conditions. The various treatment options will be discussed, ranging from antibiotic therapy alone to complete resection of the infected aneurysm or graft with in situ or remote arterial reconstruction of the resected aortic segment. Various adjuncts to in situ repair of the aorta, such as antibiotic-impregnated grafts and omental flap coverage of prosthetic grafts, will be outlined. The relative advantages and pitfalls of each approach and their outcomes are reviewed. The goal of this chapter is to aid clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of these difficult complications in order to minimize the risk of major morbidity or mortality.
Three-dimensional printing of poly(glycerol sebacate fumarate) gadodiamide-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate structures and characterization of mechanical properties for soft tissue applications.

Bioresorbable materials have been frequently used to three-dimensional (3D) print biomedical structures. In this study, we developed a technique to 3D print poly(glycerol sebacate fumarate) gadodiamide (Rylar)-poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) samples and investigated their mechanical and thermal properties as a function of (PS) and ultraviolet intensity (UVI). The Young's modulus (E), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), failure strain (ɛF ), and glass transition temperature (Tg ) showed strong correlation with PS and UVI. Results showed E to be between 1.31 and 3.12 MPa, UTS between 0.07 and 0.43 MPa, and ɛF between 7 and 20% with brittle failure. The Tg was observed to lie between -54.48 and -49.10 °C without secondary/tertiary transitions. Dominant elastic behavior was observed from the dynamic mechanical testing viscoelastic data. Testing results were used to develop a regression predictive model for E as a function of PS and UVI. The model performance was evaluated experimentally with an average absolute error of 3.62%. The E and stress-strain response of our 3D printed samples show agreement with published data for human tracheal cartilage, and the mechanical properties were comparable to other published soft polymeric scaffolds/patches. The E' moduli were also similar to bovine articular cartilage. We have successfully demonstrated that Rylar, a novel bioresorbable radiopaque polymer, when blended with PEGDA can be 3D printed controllably for soft tissue applications such as airway obstructions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 664-671, 2019.
Assessing the Impact of Virtual Human's Appearance on Users' Trust Levels

Virtual humans are used to facilitate interactions in sensitive contexts such as healthcare. In such contexts, trust in the information source plays an important role in reception of the information. Prior work has shown that physical appearance affects trustworthiness in human-human interactions; therefore, we examined the effect of virtual human's appearance on users' trust. We ran a between-users study with 12 adult participants, who watched a video of a virtual human with professional attire (e.g., lab coat) or with general attire (e.g., button-down shirt). We examined the duration of eye fixation on the virtual human's face along with participants' self-reported trust levels. We found that there was no statistical difference in eye contact or trust between the two test conditions.
INFLUENCE OF KNOWLEDGE CREATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF STATE OWNED COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES IN KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of this was to analyze the influence of knowledge creation on organizational performance of state owned commercial enterprises in Kenya. Methodology: This study was based on explanatory and descriptive research designs since they were more appropriate to test the hypotheses. The target population comprised of 275 members of top management team of 55 state-owned commercial enterprises in Kenya, as at 31 st October 2016. The study utilized simple random sampling to select a sample of 268 members of top management team in the 55 state-owned commercial enterprises. Results: Response rate of 71% was obtained and analytical tests conducted were Pearson correlation coefficients, One Way ANOVA, and Multiple linear regression. The correlation coefficients for return on equity was ( r = -0.035, p =0.635) and return on asset was (r = 0.063, p = 0.388). One-Way ANOVA results was F (14, 173) = 2.483, p=0.003. The regression for coefficient based on return on equity for knowledge creation was: unmoderated models; β = -1.044, t (-1.657), p=0.1 and for moderated model; β = -7.317, t (-4.505), p=0.000 respectively. The regression coefficient based on return on asset model for knowledge creation was: unmoderated models; β=0.134 t (0.608) p = 0.544 and for moderated models; β = -0.335, t (-0.533), p = 0.595. The study concludes that there is no significant influence of knowledge creation on performance based on return on assets but there is significant influence of knowledge creation on organizational performance based on return on equity of state owned commercial enterprises in Kenya. Contribution to Practice, Theory and Policy: Based on the findings that knowledge creation influences the organizational performance of state owned commercial enterprises in Kenya, the study recommends that organizations should encourage the collaboration, practice, education, and interaction as ways of creating knowledge.
Molecular Medicine and Personalized Therapy for Breast Cancer Patients

Targeted therapy has been utilized for patients with breast cancer for over a century. Estrogen and progesterone receptors are well-established prognostic and predictive markers for hormonal therapy. The Ki67 proliferation percentage is used to determine the rate of cancer cell proliferation and HER2 to delineate the response to HER2 targeting therapy. In addition to the development of individual predictive and prognostic biomarkers, much emphasis has been placed upon the discovery of gene array patterns to elucidate prognostic and predictive factors. Routinely used in clinical practice to determine the need and benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy are the Oncotype DX and MammaPrint gene assays. A third multigene predictive marker, PAM50, has recently been introduced that analyzes a 50-gene signature. As more targeted therapies with matched biomarkers are being developed and approved for use in patients with metastatic disease, a personalization of therapy for early-stage breast cancer is likely to further evolve.
Vacuum polarization corrections to the n =2 and n =3 levels in muonic 4 He

The $n=2$ and $n=3$ levels for muonic Helium are calculated using a potential that includes all one-loop and recoil effects. Electronic vacuum polarization corrections are calculated using an extension of Kinoshita and Nio method. For $n=2$, the results are $2p_{1/2}-2s_{1/2}=1375.05\pm 1.4$ meV and $2p_{3/2}-2s_{1/2}=1521.65\pm 1.4$ meV, essentially in agreement with the latest summary of the current calculations. The $n=3$ results are summarized in tabular form and give $3p_{1/2}-3s_{1/2}=394.76\pm 0.43$ meV and $3d_{3/2}-3p_{3/2}=111.40$ meV.
Examining the Visual Attention of Pairs of Operators during a Low to High Workload Change

Dynamic and data-rich domains, like those found in the military, primarily rely on multiple operators’ visual attention. Of interest is to understand how shared visual attention impacts performance...
Pituitary tumors and immortalized cell lines generated by cre-inducible expression of SV40 T antigen.

Targeted oncogenesis is the process of driving tumor formation by engineering transgenic mice that express an oncogene under the control of a cell-type specific promoter. Such tumors can be adapted to cell culture, providing immortalized cell lines. To make it feasible to follow the process of tumorigenesis and increase the opportunity for generating cell lines, we developed a mouse strain that expresses SV40 T antigens in response to cre-recombinase. Using CRISPR/Cas9 we inserted a cassette with coding sequences for SV40 T antigens and an internal ribosome entry site with green fluorescent protein cassette (IRES-GFP) into the Rosa26 locus, downstream from a stop sequence flanked by loxP sites: Rosa26LSL-SV40-GFP. These mice were mated with previously established Prop1-cre and Tshb-cre transgenic lines. Both the Rosa26LSL-SV40-GFP/+; Prop1-cre and Rosa26LSL-SV40-GFP/+; Tshb-cre mice developed fully penetrant dwarfism and large tumors by 4 weeks. Tumors from both of these mouse lines were adapted to growth in cell culture. We have established a progenitor-like cell line (PIT-P1) that expresses Sox2 and Pitx1, and a thyrotrope-like cell line (PIT-T1) that expresses Pou1f1 and Cga. These studies demonstrate the utility of the novel, Rosa26LSL-SV40-GFP mouse line for reliable targeted oncogenesis and development of unique cell lines.
Room-Sharing Without Bed-Sharing

Room-sharing without bed-sharing is perhaps the most controversial of the safe infant sleep recommendations, with many parents and clinicians alike resisting adherence. This chapter describes the controversies associated with the recommendation, the evidence base for the recommendation, and advice to clinicians about how to counsel parents, with attention to the potential barriers and suggestions about how to overcome them.
Do deaf communities actually want sign language gloves

The development of recognition and translation technology for signed language requires an interdisciplinary approach that begins with deaf contributors.
Flattening the Learning Curve: A Case-Based Video Orientation for a Subspeciality Residency Rotation.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a clinically focused rotation orientation delivered through e-learning videos would be an effective method to improve residents' clinical knowledge and confidence. METHODS A pre-post study design evaluated for change in knowledge and confidence between a control and intervention group of residents assigned to outpatient pediatric endocrinology rotations at 2 residency programs from July 2017 to March 2019. The intervention group utilized the first morning of the rotation to complete the video curriculum designed to rapidly orient residents to common clinical management tasks in outpatient pediatric endocrinology. RESULTS A total of 35 of 41 residents (85%) completed the study (control group: 18/19 [95%]; intervention group: 17/22 [77%]). Score increase from pretest to post-test was significantly higher for intervention group compared to control group (+24.7% ± 12.1 vs +5.8% ± 7.9, P < .0001). Confidence increases were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to control group in 3 of 5 topics. Two themes illustrated residents' perspectives of this e-learning curriculum: 1) increase in foundational clinical knowledge and 2) improvement in efficiency of learning and patient care. CONCLUSIONS This clinically focused rotation orientation delivered through e-learning videos was an effective method to improve residents' clinical knowledge, without reliance on faculty to deliver this orientation throughout the academic year. Further studies should be pursued in various settings.
Tumors of Atypical Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report.

Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) is a variant of anaplastic carcinoma usually found in the nasopharynx. It is a rare, aggressive malignant tumor in the salivary glands, which is usually associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and often presents with facial nerve paralysis when in the parotid gland. This case report is unique in that our patient had EBV-negative LEC, with facial nerve involvement and a concurrent primary papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We successfully managed this patient with surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The patient has responded well to the treatment and she showed no evidence of disease at the 24-month follow-up.
Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection

The ‘fundamental theorem of natural selection’ was proposed by the statistician and geneticist R. A. Fisher as being a statement about evolution by natural selection under the Mendelian hereditary system. It overcomes a problem in the Darwinian theory arising from the fact that although the fitness of any individual depends on his/her entire genetic makeup, that individual passes on only half of his/her genes to an offspring. Thus, the identity between parent and child, so essential to the Darwinian theory, is partially lost. Unfortunately, the actual statement of the theorem is controversial, and thus its biological relevance remains unclear until this is settled. This article describes both the ‘classical’ and the ‘modern’ interpretations of the theorem and briefly discusses the biological relevance of each interpretation.
Kiloparsec-scale Properties of Emission-line Galaxies

We perform a detailed study of the resolved properties of emission-line galaxies at kiloparsec scales to investigate how small-scale and global properties of galaxies are related. We use a sample of 119 galaxies in the GOODS fields. The galaxies are selected to cover a wide range in morphologies over the redshift range 0.2 < z < 1.3. High resolution spectroscopic data from Keck/DEIMOS observations are used to fix the redshift of all the galaxies in our sample. Using the HST/ACS and HST/WFC3 imaging data taken as a part of the CANDELS project, for each galaxy, we perform spectral energy distribution fitting per resolution element, producing resolved rest-frame U - V color, stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), age, and extinction maps. We develop a technique to identify "regions" of statistical significance within individual galaxies, using their rest-frame color maps to select red and blue regions, a broader definition for what are called "clumps" in other works. As expected, for any given galaxy, the red regions are found to have higher stellar mass surface densities and older ages compared to the blue regions. Furthermore, we quantify the spatial distribution of red and blue regions with respect to both redshift and stellar mass, finding that the stronger concentration of red regions toward the centers of galaxies is not a significant function of either redshift or stellar mass. We find that the "main sequence" of star-forming galaxies exists among both red and blue regions inside galaxies, with the median of blue regions forming a tighter relation with a slope of 1.1±0.1 and a scatter of ~0.2 dex compared to red regions with a slope of 1.3±0.1 and a scatter of ~0.6 dex. The blue regions show higher specific SFRs (sSFRs) than their red counterparts with the sSFR decreasing since z ~ 1, driven primarily by the stellar mass surface densities rather than the SFRs at a given resolution element.
Syntax-Guided Synthesis for Lemma Generation in Hardware Model Checking

In this work we propose to use Syntax-Guided Synthesis (SyGuS) for lemma generation in a word-level IC3/PDR framework for bit-vector problems. Hardware model checking is moving from bit-level to word-level problems, and it is expected that model checkers can benefit when such high-level information is available. However, for bit-vectors, it is challenging to find a good word-level interpolation strategy for lemma generation, which hinders the use of word-level IC3/PDR algorithms.
Humanising the ICU

Critically ill patients and their family members are at risk for dehumanisation in the stressful environment of an intensive care unit (ICU). This chapter describes the behaviours a clinical team may adopt (intentionally or unintentionally) that can lead to dehumanisation and the associated negative outcomes. Research into this area is limited by difficulties surrounding clear interventions and outcomes, but the current evidence surrounding humanisation practices is presented. Recommendations are made regarding caring for ICU patients and their family members in ways that emphasise respect, dignity and humanisation.
Linguistic policies for African American language speakers: Moving from anti-Blackness to pro-Blackness

We explore the disconnect between education policy and culturally sustaining instruction, curriculum, discipline, and assessment for African American Language (AAL) Learners. Framing the omission o...
Our New Children: The Surrogate Role of Companion Animals in Women's Lives

As the rate of pet ownership increases, companion animals are fulfilling a variety of roles in the lives of their humans. This article provides insight on the role that companion animals play in the lives of women. The women in this study showed stronger attachments to those animals that either preceded the birth of their children, or followed the children leaving home. This finding has potential implications for services provided to women by various helping professions.
No Need to Compromise: Evidence of Public Accounting's Changing Culture Regarding Budgetary Performance

McNair (1991) discusses the "proper compromises" made by junior auditors in large public accounting firms by arguing that the conflict between high-quality and low-cost auditing leads to "ethically ambivalent" behavior. Specifically, McNair provides evidence that success during the early stages of a public accounting career requires auditors to complete quality audits in an unreasonably short period of time. Completing quality audits within insufficient time constraints puts junior auditors in the following dilemma: report time truthfully and fail versus underreport time and succeed. We reevaluate this conflict approximately one decade after McNair's study and provide evidence that pressures toward "ethical ambivalence" have been reduced in public accounting firms.
A taxonomy of cyber attacks on 3g networks

Early first and second generation (1G and 2G, respectively) wireless telecommunication networks were isolated in the sense that their signaling and control infrastructure was not directly accessible to end subscribers. The vision of the next generation 3G wireless telecommunication network is to use IP technologies for control and transport. The introduction of IP technologies has opened up a new generation of IP-based services that must interwork with traditional 3G wireless telecommunication networks. Cross Network Services will use a combination of Internet-based data and data from the wireless telecommunication network to provide services to the wireless subscriber. They will be multi-vendor, multi-domain, and will cater to a wide variety of needs. An example of such a Cross Network Service is the Email Based Call Forwarding Service (CFS), where the status of the subscriber's email inbox is used to trigger call forwarding in the wireless telecommunication network.
Experimental Verification of a Deterministic Controller for a D.C. Motor with Uncertain Dynamics

The control of d.c. motors is often complicated by the fact that the dynamics of the system to be controlled are unknown. In this paper a deterministic controller is emnployed to control a d.c. motor which experiences a varying inertia load, Coriolis forces and unknown friction disturbances. All of the uncertainties in the system are assumed to be bounded. A hybrid controller, using a continuous velocity loop and a digital position loop, is developed. Experimental results verify the controller effectiveness in dealing with bounded deterministic uncertainties.
Joint Crowdsourcing of Multiple Tasks

Allocating tasks to workers so as to get the greatest amount of high-quality output for as little resources as possible is an overarching theme in crowdsourcing research. Among the factors that complicate this problem is the lack of information about the available workers’ skill, along with unknown difficulty of the tasks to be solved. Moreover, if a crowdsourcing platform customer is limited to a fixed-size worker pool to complete a large batch of jobs such as identifying a particular object in a collection of images or comparing the quality of many pairs of artifacts in crowdsourcing workflows, she inevitably faces the tradeoff between getting a few of these tasks done well or getting many done poorly. In this paper, we propose a framework called JOCR (Joint Crowdsourcing, pronounced as “Joker”) for analyzing joint allocations of many tasks to a pool of workers. JOCR encompasses a broad class of common crowdsourcing scenarios, and we pose the challenge of developing efficient algorithms for it.
Neuropsychometric correlates of efavirenz pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics following a single oral dose.

Aims To determine pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenomic correlates of efavirenz central nervous system (CNS) side effects following a single dose. Methods Thirty-four healthy HIV-negative African Americans were administered a 600 mg dose of efavirenz. Blood samples for pharmacokinetics were drawn serially from 0 to 12 h post-dose. Neuropsychometric testing with drowsiness visual analogue scale, grooved pegboard and letter digit substitution tests was done the day prior to dosing and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 h post-dose. Subjective CNS symptoms were assessed at 6 h post-dose. Composite CYP2B6 516/983 genotype was determined. Results Pharmacokinetic indices reflecting increased plasma efavirenz exposure were associated with slower non-dominant hand grooved pegboard task completion (Cmax, P1 h = 0.01, P2 h = 0.05, P3 h = 0.03, P4 h = 0.01; AUC, P1 h = 0.04; clearance P1 h = 0.05, P2 h = 0.02, P6 h = 0.01). In a repeated measures model analysis that adjusted timing of neuropsychometric testing for timing of peak drug concentration, clearance (P < 0.001), AUC(0.312 h) (P = 0.001) and Cmax (P = 0.008) were associated with non-dominant grooved pegboard test performance. CYP2B6 genotype trended to correlate with non-dominant hand grooved pegboard at 4 and 6 h (P = 0.07 and 0.06). Decreased drowsiness at 6 h was associated with higher Cmax (P = 0.02). Conclusions Following a single dose of efavirenz, an association between pharmacokinetics and neuropsychometric performance was discernable. A weaker association between genotype and neurocognitive test performance is likely mediated by effect of genotype on plasma clearance. Strategies that lower Cmax during initial dosing may decrease CNS side effects.
Further revamping VA's NDF-RT drug terminology for clinical research.

Biomedical terminology and vocabulary standards (for the purposes of this correspondence, we use the terms ‘terminology,’ ‘vocabulary’ and ‘ontology’ interchangeably.) play an important role in enabling consistent, comparable, and meaningful sharing of data within and across institutional boundaries, as well as ensuring semantic interoperability. An important domain for developing standardized vocabularies is medications, where existing standards structure and organize approved drug products and ingredients by various characteristics or properties to support a multitude of clinical and epidemiological research questions across the spectrum of health and disease. Veteran Affairs' National Drug File-Reference Terminology (NDF-RT; see figure 1) is a Federal Medication-recommended standardized terminology resource encompassing medications, ingredients, and high-level drug classes for Chemical Structure (eg, Acetanilides), Mechanism of Action (eg, Prostaglandin Receptor Antagonists), Physiological Effect (eg, Decreased Prostaglandin Production), drug–disease relationship describing the Therapeutic Intent (eg, Pain), and Pharmacokinetics describing the mechanisms of absorption and distribution of an administered drug within a body (eg, Hepatic Metabolism). Additionally, NDF-RT contains two independent lists of drug classes: Legacy VA classes and External Pharmacologic classes, where the former simply provides a shallow hierarchy of ‘clinically oriented’ classes …
Ritual and Ritual Obligations: Perspectives on Normativity from Classical China

The goal of this paper is to explore some of the theories that arose in classical China concerning the ways in which normativity could be construed in ritual terms. I focus particular attention on the theories that were developed in portions of the Book of Rites (Liji), which would become one of the most influential bodies of ritual theory throughout East Asia. I will argue that some of these theories deserve to be incorporated into our contemporary philosophical understandings of normativity. To make this argument, I will be turning to some rather – given my ultimate goals in this paper – counterintuitive material, including early Chinese discussions of mourning rituals. But I will try to argue that this material has something to offer contemporary discussions.
Nuclear Power, Nuclear Proliferation and the NPT

Will the spread of nuclear power to new states lead to the spread of nuclear weapons? I argue that the answer will depend on which states get nuclear power, which states acquire sensitive nuclear facilities (uranium enrichment and plutonium reprocessing) and the rules that govern technology transfers. I review the literature on "the supply side" problem in nuclear proliferation and conclude with suggestions for future research on the effect of the NPT on governments' decisions to accept constraints on their nuclear weapons options.
Progress of the whirlwind computer towards an automatic programming procedure

This paper shall discuss present and proposed uses of subroutines and other pre-tested automatic programs on the Whirlwind computer at the Digital Computer Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. At Whirlwind, programming methods are involved not only with a Subroutine Library, but also with the use of artificial " programmed codes," interpretive routines, automatic assembly schemes, and conversion programs. For this reason, this paper shall attempt both to summarize the use of all these devices and to show the directions that final organization of the machine's program structure may take.