cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Battle/fields: braceros, agribusiness, and the violent reproduction of the California agricultural landscape during World War II

Abstract The first years of World War II were marked by a series of battles in and over the fields of California. Workers struggled with growers, growers struggled with the state, and federal and California bureaucrats struggled to gain control over the anarchic labor conditions that marked California agriculture. The introduction of a guest worker program – the bracero program – that brought farmworkers from Mexico to the harvests of California and other states, brought these battles to a head as growers ought to secure their traditional access to ‘cheap labor’ and their presumed right to control the farm labor process in the state. This paper examines these battles to show how growers fought – and managed – to preserve a landscape of great power and profit. The paper argues that the agricultural landscape extant at the beginning of the war shaped the nature of these multifaceted struggles, even as it was an object of those struggles.
The immediate treatment of frostbite in the American and German armies in Europe during World War 2: an historical perspective.

This historical account, based on a survey of 250 medical articles written during and immediately after World War II, reviews the immediate treatment of frostbite in the American and German ground troops in Europe from 1941 to 1945. The American management was simpler and more conservative than the elaborate treatments reported in the German publications. Because the German patients’ injuries were more severe than those of the American soldiers and because neither Army carried out strict clinical trials nor prolonged follow-ups, it is impossible to judge what treatment was superior.
Physical investigation of the mesoplasma in silicon

The study of the mesoplasma as a fundamental model for second breakdown has been pursued by a variety of physical techniques. Microscopic molten globules of silicon have been observed on silicon diode surfaces under certain experimental conditions. Lapping and staining techniques were used to search the junction region for evidence of various kinds of damage and for information on the size and shape of regions affected by heat. The time dependence of light emission from the mesoplasma region in relation to electrical changes was studied. The light emission lags behind the onset of second breakdown and lingers on after the current through the device is shut off. Some work was done on the temperature dependence of the electrical characteristics of second breakdown. As far as possible, an attempt has been made to compare the physical results with the quantitative predictions of a computed model, with rather satisfactory correlations.
The role of phospholipides in the metabolism of amino acids by the mold Penicillium chrysogenum.

Abstract The phospholipides of the mold P. chrysogenum appear to play an important role as an intermediate in the metabolism of amino acids and possible other compounds. The phospholipides function in a true metabolic manner by the chemical incorporation of C14-labeled amino acids as a part of their molecular structure. Resting cells grown in the presence of specific phospholipides not only have a higher endogenous respiration but also utilize amino acids at a faster rate than control cells. Heat-killed cells will not take up the labeled compounds, and there is no in vitro uptake of the radioactivity by phospholipides.
Towards fine grain power profiling tools for SoC based mobile devices

With the emergence of battery-constrained SoC devices dominated by smartphones and tablets, there is a need for very sophisticated fine-grained power profiling techniques, because one-tenth of a milliwatt of power can extend battery life by more than just a few hours. In this paper, we cover state-of-the-art power profiling devices on instrumented platforms and make the case that todays SoC devices require very fine and sophisticated power profiling tools to account for the SoCs exercised offloading mechanism of functionality to different IP blocks on the SoC.
Keratins as markers of differentiated taste cells of the rat

Cytokeratins in taste buds were immunocytochemically evaluated with monoclonal antibodies. In each of six different epithelial sites in the rat oral cavity, intragemmal cells of taste buds were immunoreactive for keratin polypeptides 8, 18, and 19, as well as for keratin 7, which has not been previously reported in taste buds. Keratin-18-like immunoreactivity was present in fewer than half of the intragemmal cells, whereas all intragemmal cells were immunopositive for keratins 7, 8, and 19. Apart from some salivary duct cells, no other cells in the tongue were immunoreactive for any of these four keratins. Morphological and immunocytochemical profiles indicate that taste buds are islets of simple epithelium embedded in an expanse of stratified squamous epithelium. These simple epithelial cells and their keratins are nerve-dependent, since denervation eliminated all four keratins and replaced elongated taste cells of the vallate papilla with stratified squamous epithelium. We conclude that antibodies against keratins 7, 8, or 19 are useful markers for intragemmal cells in studies of taste bud development, degeneration, regeneration, turnover and tissue culture.
Vocal production in nonhuman primates: Acoustics, physiology, and functional constraints on “honest” advertisement

The physiological mechanisms and acoustic principles underlying sound production in primates are important for analyzing and synthesizing primate vocalizations, for determining the range of calls that are physically producible, and for understanding primate communication in the broader comparative context of what is known about communication in other vertebrates. In this paper we discuss what is known about vocal production in nonhuman primates, relying heavily on models from speech and musical acoustics. We first describe the role of the lungs and larynx in generating the sound source, and then discuss the effects of the supralaryngeal vocal tract in modifying this source. We conclude that more research is needed to resolve several important questions about the acoustics of primate calls, including the nature of the vocal tract's contribution to call production. Nonetheless, enough is known to explore the implications of call acoustics for the evolution of primate communication. In particular, we discuss how anatomy and physiology may provide constraints resulting in "honest" acoustic indicators of body size. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Do pup ultrasonic cries provoke prolactin secretion in lactating rats

Marked prolactin (PRL) secretion in response to the ultrasonic distress vocalizations of rat pups in lactating dams deprived of their pups for 6 hr was reported by others. In two experiments, this phenomenon could not be confirmed under our testing conditions at either 1 or 2 weeks postpartum, although behavioral responses to the ultrasounds were noted. In addition, suckling-induced PRL secretion did not differ consistently as a function of the tape recording (pup ultrasounds, 45 kHz artificially produced ultrasounds, or blank tape) heard prior to the return of pups. The functional significance of rat pup ultrasounds is considered.
Reflecting on My First Year as Editor-in-Chief

As of this writing it has been a year since I assumed the position of editor-in-chief of Social Work. It has been a tremendously exciting activity. I want to sincerely thank the many authors who have submitted the product of their work to be considered for publication; the various authors of guest editorials that have addressed controversial topics; the NASW Press staff who manage the day-to-day operations of this very laborious, and sometimes thankless, activity; the members of the Editorial Board who have been tremendously supportive of the journal and my work; and the many reviewers without whose volunteering of a tremendous amount of time to reviewing manuscripts, we would not have a peer-reviewed journal of this caliber. PEER-REVIEW PROCESS As I reflect on this year's activities, I would like to take this opportunity to share with you my observations on the manuscript submission process. My intention is that these "tips," if you will, may serve to expedite and strengthen the whole manuscript submission and revision process. I also want to share some initiatives the board of Social Work has taken to further improve the review process. It will be to no one's surprise that the tips I list should facilitate the review of manuscripts; they are simple reminders and definitely not necessarily new ideas to authors. However, given my experience this past year, I believe it may be worthwhile to spend some time highlighting some of these to minimize delays. I have found the following to be the most common errors authors make: * not double spacing the text * not providing five copies of the manuscript * not including abstracts and key words * not formatting tables properly (that is, using tabs instead of grids) * not checking the accuracy of totals and percentages in tables and text. Not adhering to these guidelines can delay the review of a manuscript. Also, authors should keep in mind when submitting manuscripts to include an updated literature review that reflects current knowledge--say that of the past three years--and as many details as possible of the study's methodology to better inform readers of the nature of the study. Some authors may want to have a colleague read and critique the manuscript before submitting it for review. It is essential for authors to address all of the reviewers' comments included in the decision letter. A revised manuscript should be accompanied by a list of the changes, if any, in the text and where the changes occur. An author does not have to agree with all of the reviewers' comments, but addressing all comments substantially, whether agreeing or disagreeing with the reviewer, strengthens the revised manuscript and reduces the time to a final decision. STRENGTHENING CONTENT Regarding topics, I encourage authors to submit more articles that provide some form of empirical evidence for what is being proposed, particularly if the topic is not entirely new or novel. …
P2X7 Receptor as a Key Player in Oxidative Stress-Driven Cell Fate in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Incidences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease parallels increase in the global obesity epidemic. NAFLD has been shown to be associated with risks of cardiometabolic disorders and kidney disturbances. It is accompanied by insulin and leptin resistance that complicate the diagnosis and treatment of this public health menace. Though significant research is underway for understanding the molecular mechanisms of NAFLD and its subsequent inflammatory and fibrotic manifestations like nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, the role of purinergic receptors has been unclear. It is increasingly being recognized that damage associated molecular patterns like NAD and ATP that are released from injured cells via hepatocellular injury either by oxidative stress or lipotoxicity from steatosis activate the purinergic receptor. Based on evidence from inflammatory responses in the airways and vasculature and autoimmune complications in humans and rodents, it is beyond doubt that hepatocellular inflammation such as that seen in NASH can result from the activation of purinergic receptors. This event can result in the formation of inflammasomes and can be an important pathway for the progression of NASH. The present review evaluates the current knowledge of the role of oxidative stress and its signaling via P2X7 receptors in hepatocellular injury that might contribute to the NASH pathophysiology.
Combination therapy improves prostate cancer survival for patients with potentially lethal prostate cancer: The impact of Gleason pattern 5

Abstract Purpose To investigate the impact of Gleason pattern 5 (GP5) prostate cancer after either external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or the combination of EBRT with low-dose rate brachytherapy boost (combo). Methods and Materials Between 1998 and 2008, 467 patients with National Comprehensive Cancer Network high-risk prostate cancer were treated with EBRT ( n = 326) or combo (low-dose rate to 90–108 Gy using I-125 followed by EBRT) ( n = 141). Freedom from biochemical failure, freedom from metastasis (FFM), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival were evaluated. Results Combo patients were younger (66 vs. 72 years, p p p = 0.03) and lower Gleason scores (8–10: 61% vs. 75%, p = 0.01). Androgen deprivation therapy use was similar between cohorts (85% vs. 87%, p = 0.5), but EBRT patients had longer androgen deprivation therapy use (median 14 vs. 12 months, p = 0.05). GP5 predicted worse FFM ( p p p = 0.86, HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.1–2.4 for metastasis and p = 0.5, HR 1.6, 95% CI 0.33–8.0 for CSS). In those with GP5 ( n = 143), combo was associated with improved outcomes in all endpoints. On univariate analysis, 5-year outcomes for combo vs. EBRT were as follows: freedom from biochemical failure 89% vs. 65%, FFM 89% vs. 67%, CSS 93% vs. 78%, and overall survival 88% vs. 67% ( p Conclusion Combo was associated with improved outcomes for men with GP5 prostate cancer. This highlights the importance of local therapy, especially in patients with the highest pathologic grade disease.
Co-occurrence patterns and lexical acquisition in ancient Greek texts

Many recent studies have demonstrated that the analysis of word co-occurrence patterns can be a valuable tool for the acquisition of lexical knowledge from unstructured texts. The success of these studies raises the question of whether these results can be replicated in other languages and, in particular, in ancient Greek texts. The adaptation of these techniques for the acquisition of lexical knowledge could provide the foundation for useful philological and lexicographical research tools and multi-lingual information retrieval applications. One method that has proven useful in the study of Greek texts is the use of co-occurrence data to calculate mutual information scores. The approaches used for English language texts, however, require some modification for use with ancient Greek. This paper will describe the methods and modifications required for the analysis of collocational data from unstructured ancient Greek texts so that they produce useful results.
Neurobehavioral effects of acute styrene exposure in fiberglass boatbuilders.

A field investigation of the effects of acute exposure to styrene among fiberglass boatbuilders was performed. Personal samples of styrene in breathing zone air and postshift urinary mandelic acid were collected for 105 workers exposed and not exposed to styrene in 6 fiberglass boatbuilding companies in New England. Three tests from the computerized Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES) were performed by the subjects in the morning before exposure to styrene, near midday, and at the end of the work day. Duration of exposure averaged 2.9 years (SD = 4.6), 8-hour TWA styrene exposure averaged 29.9 ppm (SD = 36.2), and urinary mandelic acid averaged 347 mg/g creatinine (SD = 465). Regression analyses indicated a statistically significant relationship between postshift performance on the Symbol-Digit test and both acute styrene exposure and mandelic acid. Other analyses comparing workers exposed to less than 50 ppm and greater than 50 ppm styrene also showed a significant effect on Symbol-Digit performance. All three NES tests showed test-retest correlation coefficients above .80, and ease of use for collection of neurobehavioral data under field conditions was demonstrated.
Analysis for aqueous nitrates and nitrites and gaseous oxides of nitrogen by electron capture gas chromatography.

Abstract A highly sensitive gas chromatographic method is presented for the determination of aqueous nitrates. By suitable chemical pretreatment, this method is also applicable to the analysis of aqueous nitrites and gaseous oxides of nitrogen. The method has been applied to the analysis of drinking water, urine, and nitric acid. The technique involves the conversion of the nitrate ion to nitrobenzene with subsequent analysis by electron capture gas chromatography. The detection limit for nitrobenzene is ca. 10 −12 g, making possible the analysis of environmentally significant concentrations of aqueous nitrates and nitrites and gaseous oxides of nitrogen.
Submillisecond response variable optical attenuator based on sheared polymer network liquid crystal.

We demonstrate a variable optical attenuator (VOA) at λ=1.55 µm using a sheared polymer network liquid crystal (SPNLC). The SPNLC exhibits a fast response time and weak wavelength dependency. Comparing with other polymer-stabilized liquid crystals, the SPNLC has lower driving voltage and negligible light scattering loss when the wavelength exceeds 700 nm. A reflection type VOA with ~0.24 ms response time and -32 dB dynamic range is demonstrated at room temperature and 35 Vrms voltage.
FSLIC assistance and the wealth effects of savings and loan acquisitions

Abstract This paper examines whether FSLIC-assisted failed thrift mergers in the 1980s resulted in wealth transfers from the insurance fund to acquiring firm stockholders. We find that winning bidders earned positive abnormal returns upon the announcement of such mergers. More importantly, the abnormal returns are larger in cases where the FSLIC provided direct financial assistance, and bidder abnormal returns are positively related to the size of FSLIC assistance. These results suggest that the process followed by the FSLIC in arranging failed thrift mergers did result in wealth transfers.
Corneal power measurements with the Pentacam Scheimpflug camera after myopic excimer laser surgery

Purpose To evaluate corneal power measurements by a rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam, Oculus) in eyes that have had myopic excimer laser surgery. Setting Private practice, Bologna, Italy. Methods This prospective comparative interventional case series comprised 16 eyes of 16 patients who had myopic excimer laser surgery and for whom all perioperative data were available. Four corneal power measurements obtained with the Pentacam (simulated keratometry, true net power, equivalent K reading, and BESSt formula) were analyzed and compared with values derived using the clinical history method and 2 other formulas for calculating corneal power after refractive surgery (modified keratometric refractive index according to Savini et al. and separate consideration of the anterior and posterior corneal curvatures according to Speicher). Results Analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference between all methods (P Conclusions The Pentacam device gave corneal power measurements that did not statistically significantly had differ from those predicted by the clinical history method in eyes that had previous myopic excimer laser surgery. Wide LoA are a potential source of error in intraocular lens power calculation in such patients.
Recombinant C fragment of botulinum neurotoxin B serotype (rBoNTB (HC)) immune response and protection in the rhesus monkey

Botulinum neurotoxin B (BoNTB) is a distinct protein subtype of a family of neurotoxins with the potential for use in biological warfare or terrorist attacks. This study is one in a series evaluating the immunogenicity and protective effects of recombinant vaccines against the different subtypes of botulinum toxin. The recombinant subunit vaccines encoding the C fragment portion ( approximately 50 kDa) of the toxins are produced in the yeast, Pichia pastoris. In this study, groups of rhesus monkeys were vaccinated with three doses (1 and 5microg per dose) of rBoNTB(H(c)) vaccine. Total and neutralizing antibody titers were determined at various times during and postvaccination. Two groups of vaccinated monkeys plus non-vaccinated controls were actively challenged with B toxin by aerosol exposure. All monkeys receiving vaccine were protected from the toxin and no clinical signs of disease were observed, while controls displaying classic signs of botulism succumbed to the toxin challenge. Two additional groups of monkeys receiving the same vaccine regiment as the first two groups had significant levels of circulating neutralizing antibody titers up to 24 months postvaccination. This non-human primate study demonstrated the short- and long-term immunity afforded by the rBoNTB(H(c)) vaccine.
Pragmatic Trust in a World of Strangers: Trustworthy Actions

Pragmatically, concepts serve as tools in reconstructive responses to emerging issues. Philosophers suggest we now live in a world of strangers and sociologists speak of a second modernity of risk. Theorists of trust need to address this emerging new context. With primacy in social action, new modes of trust arise from fitting together lines of action addressing new risks. An attendant development is the emergence of cosmopolitan identities appropriate to relationships among strangers. Trust is likely to underwrite future cooperation among strangers if global dynamics reduce inequalities and trustworthy actions generate functional trust. Consider the tale of the owl.
Applications of research synthesis

Many have spent considerable time and energy defining and naming this enterprise. We prefer to call it "research synthesis" and sometimes "meta-analysis". Other candidate names include "overview", "quantitative synthesis" and "research integration". Research synthesis differs from general review in that it uses a formal explicit research methodology and performs a quantitative synthesis. Research synthesis is uniquely able to evaluate the influences of studylevel attributes and to combine evidence over a broad domain. There is considerable controversy about the role of meta-analysis in synthesizing results of primary studies, but it is uniquely suited to investigating the role of study characteristics such as: the influence of research design quality on the magnitude of observed treatment difference (poorer design isusually associated with larger observed differences, probably due to imbalances of patient attributes in the treatment groups); trends in results over calendar time; the impact of covariance adjustments; and the identification of "research holes" requiring a new primary study to pin down, for example, effects on subgroups.
Study of the radiative decay J/ψ → γνπ+π−

Abstract We present a Partial Wave Amplitude analysis of the νπ+π− system seen in J/ψ → γνπ+π−, for νπ+π− masses in the range 1.2 → 1.5 GeV/c2. We find evidence for two states, both decaying via a 0 ± (980)π ⊣ . One resonance has JPC = 1++, and we associate it with the ƒ 1 (1285) . The other has JPC = 0−+, mass 1.400 ± 0.006 GeV/c2 and width 0.043 ± 0.013 GeV/c2. The Branching Fractions for radiative J/ψ decays to both states are commensurate, arguing against the interpretation of the 0±+ state as a glueball.
An effective heuristic for minimising makespan on unrelated parallel machines

Scheduling independent tasks on unrelated machines is a relatively difficult and challenging problem. In this paper, we develop a tabu search based heuristic for minimising makespan for the above problem that can provide good quality solutions for practical size problems within a reasonable amount of computational time. Our adaptation of this tabu search uses hashing to control the tabu restrictions of the search process and requires fewer critical parameters than many of the common tabu search approaches employed for combinatorial optimisation. Hashing is simple to implement and very effective in providing a near-optimal solution. Computational results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed heuristic.
The 3-ball is a local pessimum for packing

Abstract It was conjectured by Ulam that the ball has the lowest optimal packing fraction out of all convex, three-dimensional solids. Here we prove that any origin-symmetric convex solid of sufficiently small asphericity can be packed at a higher efficiency than balls. We also show that in dimensions 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 24 there are origin-symmetric convex bodies of arbitrarily small asphericity that cannot be packed using a lattice as efficiently as balls can be.
Reciprocal legitimation: Reframing the problem of international legitimacy

Theorizing about the legitimacy of international institutions usually begins with a framing assumption according to which the legitimacy of the state is understood solely in terms of the relationship between the state and its citizens, without reference to the effects of state power on others. In contrast, this article argues that whether a state is legitimate vis-a-vis its own citizens depends upon whether its exercise of power respects the human rights of people in other states. The other main conclusions are as follows. First, a state’s participation in international institutions can contribute to its legitimacy in several ways. Second, when international institutions contribute to the legitimacy of states, their doing so can contribute to their own legitimacy. Third, a theory of international legitimacy ought to recognize reciprocal legitimation between states and international institutions.
High performance spatial query processing for large scale scientific data

Analyzing and querying large volumes of spatially derived data from scientific experiments has posed major challenges in the past decade. For example, the systematic analysis of imaged pathology specimens result in rich spatially derived information with GIS characteristics at cellular and sub-cellular scales, with nearly a million derived markups and hundred million features per image. This provides critical information for evaluation of experimental results, support of biomedical studies and pathology image based diagnosis. However, the vast amount of spatially oriented morphological information poses major challenges for analytical medical imaging. The major challenges I attack include: i) How can we provide cost effective, scalable spatial query support for medical imaging GIS? ii) How can we provide fast response queries on analytical imaging data to support biomedical research and clinical diagnosis? and iii) How can we provide expressive queries to support spatial queries and spatial pattern discoveries for end users? In my thesis, I work towards developing a MapReduce based framework MIGIS to support expressive, cost effective and high performance spatial queries. The framework includes a real-time spatial query engine RESQUE consisting of a variety of optimized access methods, boundary and density aware spatial data partitioning, a declarative query language interface, a query translator which automates translation of the spatial queries into MapReduce programs and an execution engine which parallelizes and executes queries on Hadoop. Our preliminary experiments demonstrate that MIGIS is a cost effective architecture which achieves high performance spatial query execution. MIGIS is extensible and can be adapted to support similar complex spatial queries for large scale spatial data in other scientific domains.
Another look at semantic relational categories and language impairment.

Earlier comparative studies of language-impaired and normal children involved semantic-relational analyses of broad categories (e.g., action, locative action, and so on) in which utterance types were not differentiated. In this study, locative action utterances were differentiated by the types of locative words used singly and in combination. The types of utterances used by a language-impaired child were tracked between 1 year 6 months and 3 years and compared with those of three age- and MLU-matched normal children. The results suggested that differences in the semantic properties of language-impaired and normal children's utterances may go undetected unless a fine-grained analysis is performed on the types of expressions used within a global relational category. The potential value of extending semantic-relational analyses by exploring word use in syntactic contexts is addressed.
System Modeling and Possible Applications for the Social Sciences

System Engineering tools have been used extensively to model the technical characteristics of large systems or processes. However, little use of these tools has been made in the social sciences, and the modeling of the social factors that contribute to design choices—in the case of systems that involve political processes—remains relatively crude. This paper discusses the efforts of the Center for Nuclear and Toxic Waste Management, University of California, Berkeley to employ system design tools as part of social science research into US surplus plutonium disposition options.
Analytic families of differential complexes

Abstract Analytic families of differential complexes, which are useful for proving blowing down and direct image theorems for regular families of strongly pseudoconvex manifolds, are defined and shown to have an associated deformation theory. The results of this deformation theory include a criteria for the coherence of the cohomology sheaves of an analytic family of complexes, a theorem on the upper semi-continuity of the dimensions of the cohomology of the fibers of the family and a result on the constancy of the Euler characteristic along the fibers.
Examination of sulfur forms in coal by direct pyrolysis and chemiluminescence detection

Abstract The extremely high selectivity of the newly developed ozone-sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD) coupled with controlled-temperature pyrolysis, was applied to the qualitative and semiquantitative determination of sulfur forms in coal. Pyrolysis products from the heating of a sulfur-containing solid sample were swept directly through a high-temperature conversion tube and into the SCD to yield a strong signal. Upon heating the pyrolysis tube from room temperature to 700°C, several distinct peaks were observed by the SCD, identified as being due to aliphatic sulfides and thiols, elemental sulfur, simple thiophenes, pyrite and complex thiophenes. Standard additions of pure inorganic substances provided semiquantitative determination. Three coals were examined and could be quickly and easily distinguished by their sulfur forms. The results are compared with those of other pyrolysis methods.
Pyridinecarboxamidato-Nickel(II) Complexes

The synthesis, characterization, and reactivity toward ethylene of pyridinecarboxamidato complexes of nickel are reported. These compounds are isoelectronic to α-iminocarboxamidato complexes, which are useful ethylene polymerization catalysts. Addition of a benzene solution containing N-phenyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide and B(C6F5)3 to bis(methallyl)nickel results in the formation of [N-phenyl-2-pyridinecarboxamidatotris(pentafluorophenyl)borate-κ2N,N]Ni(η3-CH2CMeCH2) (3) in 93% yield. A similar procedure using N-(2,6-diisopropyl)phenyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide provides [N-(2,6-diisopropyl)phenyl-2-pyridinecarboxamidatotris(pentafluorophenyl)borate-κ2N,N]Ni(η3-CH2CMeCH2) (4) in 92% yield. The solid-state structures of 3 and 4 were determined by X-ray diffraction techniques. The intramolecular metrical parameters are consistent with substantial partial positive charge at the nickel atom. Deprotonation of N-(2,6-diisopropyl)phenyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide in THF with KH, followed by addition to Ni(η3-CH2C6H5)Cl(PMe3) ...
A Class of P-polynomial Table Algebras with and without Integer Multiplicities

The homogeneous, monotonic, P-polynomial table algebras with valency k ≥ 2 are classified. It is also determined which of these algebras, when integral, have integer multiplicities. In particular, it is shown that all multiplicities are integers only if k = 2 or the diameter d = 2. Some of these algebras come from distance-regular graphs, and some do not.
Idiopathic hypercalciuria associated with hyperreninemia and high urinary prostaglandin E.

Idiopathic hypercalciuria associated with hyperreninemia and high urinary prostaglandin E. A patient with idiopathic hypercalciuria and some features suggestive of Bartter syndrome is reported. Excessive urinary prostaglandin E (PGE) excretion and renal calcium leak were documented in this child. Treatment with aspirin and indomethacin reduced urinary PGE excretion and was associated with a decrease in daily calcium excretion. At the lowest levels of urinary PGE, the renal calcium leak was no longer evident although mild hypercalciuria persisted. These results suggest that PGE may play a role in some cases of idiopathic hypercalciuria. Hypercalciurie idiopathique associee a une hyperreninemie et a des prostaglandines E urinaires elevees. On rapporte un malade porteur d'une hypercalciurie idiopathique et de quelques caracteristiques suggerant un syndrome de Bartter. Une excretion excessive de prostaglandines E (PGE) urinaires et une fuite renale calcique ont ete documentees chez cet enfant. Un traitement par de l'aspirine et de l'indomethacine a reduit l'excretion urinaire de PGE et s'est accompagne d'une diminution de l'excretion calcique journaliere. Pour les plus faibles niveaux de PGE urinaires, la fuite renale calcique n'etait plus evidente bien que persiste une hypercalciurie moderee. Ces resultats suggerent que les PGE pourraient jouer un role dans certains cas d'hypercalciurie idiopathique.
COPRECIPITATION OF PHOSPHATE WITH CARBONATES IN A MARL LAKE

High concentrations of phosphate ion precipitate with carbonates by simple coprecipitation as the pH of marl lake water is increased. High pH microenvironments associated with photosynthesis probably induce phosphate-carbonate precipitation, which in turn functions as one of several indirect density-dependent population controls.
Thermal forces on aerosol particles in a thermal precipitator

Abstract The generally accepted theory of thermal precipitation predicts that aerosol particles having high thermal conductivity would be very difficult to collect. However, no such difficulties have been reported in the literature. Accordingly, a study has been undertaken of the thermal forces on aerosol particles under greatly differing conditions of particle size, thermal conductivity of the particles, and temperature gradient. Thermal gradients were produced with a commercially available (Casella) thermal precipitator, using a ribbon filament. Thermal forces were calculated from the width of deposit, using the Stokes-Cunningham equation. The thermal forces on stearic acid particles were almost precisely those predicted by radiometer theory (Epstein's equation). The effect of particle size and of magnitude of thermal gradient were essentially those expected. However, the thermal forces on sodium chloride and iron particles were 20 to 40 times the values predicted by theory, although there was a decrease in thermal force with increasing thermal conductivity. Possible reasons for these results are discussed.
Stereopsis with opposite contrast contours

Helmholtz found that opposite-contrast stereograms may be seen as depthful: Treisman and other investigators could not achieve this result with different opposite-contrast stereograms. These conflicting results may be rationalized in terms of Whittle’s Hypothesis. A repetition of Treisman’s experiment, however, shows that it is possible to obtain stereopsis with her stereograms. This requires a revision of Whittle’s Hypothesis so that seemingly contradictory results may be incorporated in a theory of stereopsis.
Watermarking of MPEG-2 video in compressed domain using VLC mapping

In this work we propose a new algorithm for fragile, high capacity yet file-size preserving watermarking of MPEG-2 streams. Watermarking is done entirely in the compressed domain, with no need for full or even partial decompression. The algorithm is based on a previously developed concept of VLC mapping for compressed domain watermarking. The entropy-coded segment of the video is first parsed out and then analyzed in pairs. It is recognized that there are VLC pairs that never appear together in any intra-coded block. The list of unused pairs is systematically generated by the intersection of "pair trees." One of the trees is generated from the main VLC table given in ISO/IEC 13818-2:2000 standard. The other trees are dynamically generated for each intra coded blocks. Forcing one VLC pairs in a block to one of the unused ones generates a watermark block. The change is done while maintaining run/level change to a minimum. At the decoder, the main pair tree is created offline using publicly available VLC tables. Through a secure key exchange, the indices to unused code pairs are communicated to the receiver. We show that the watermarked video is reasonably resistant to forgery attacks and remains secure to watermark detection attempts.
Growth of age-0 smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu Lacepéde): interactive effect of temperature, spawning date, and growth autocorrelation

– We examined the growth of individual age-0 smallmouth bass collected from the North Anna River, Virginia (USA), to determine whether growth during early life stages was most affected by temperature, duration of growing season, growth during previous stages, or whether growth was a stochastic process. Spawning was delayed in 1990, all individuals grew in warm temperatures, and their growth rates during early life stages were not correlated with prevailing temperatures or with growth during previous stages. By the end of the summer, swim-up date was not correlated with size at the time of collection. In 1991, individuals that swam-up earliest consistently grew slower (and in colder temperatures) during early life stages. Late swim-ups (that were exposed to warmer temperatures) grew faster during early life stages but had a shorter growing season. By the middle of the summer, all individuals had an equal chance of being among the largest members of the cohort. The size distribution of the age-0 cohort at the end of the summer did not differ between years, despite the fact that spawning occurred 3–5 weeks later in 1990 (when temperatures were maximized) than in 1991 (when temperatures were still rising).
Contemporary management of peripheral arterial disease: II. Improving walking distance and quality of life.

Intermittent claudication (IC) is the classic complaint associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and can significantly limit a patient’s lifestyle and workplace abilities. IC is defined as reproducible pain affecting the muscles of the lower extremities that begins and increases with activity and resolves with rest. The clinical goals of management include increasing walking distance and improving quality of life. A dedicated, supervised walking program is the foundation of IC management. In addition, two drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of IC: cilostazol and pentoxifylline. Other agents and treatment strategies have been investigated, and some show clinical promise.
Job satisfaction differences among women of different ethnic groups

Abstract The present research compares the job satisfaction of black, white, and Spanish-surname female production and clerical employees. In one study, 112 white, 63 Spanish-surname, and 47 black female clerical and production workers in an electrical components company completed a Science Research Associates employee attitude survey. In the second, 56 white and 14 black female non-academic clerical employees in a university took the Job Description Index. In both studies, black women were more dissatisfied than white. Spanish-surname employees (in the first study) were generally more satisfied than blacks but less satisfied than whites.
Orbital polarization and the insulating gap in the transition-metal oxides

It is shown that an orbital-polarization correction to a spin-polarized band-structure calculation leads to an insulating gap for CoO, in sharp contrast to a standard band calculation. Orbital-polarization instabilities, though, are not found for FeO and ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$.
Obesity-inducing lesions of the central nervous system alter leptin uptake by the blood-brain barrier.

Leptin regulates body adiposity by decreasing feeding and increasing thermogenesis. Obese humans and some obese rodents are resistant to peripherally administered leptin, suggesting a defect in the transport of leptin across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Defective transport of exogenous leptin occurs in some models of obesity, but in other models transport is normal. This shows that factors other than obesity are associated with impairment of leptin transport across the BBB. In order to further investigate these factors, we determined leptin transport in rats made obese by lesioning of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), or posterodorsal amygdala (PDA). These regions all contain leptin receptors and lesions there induce obesity and hyperleptinemia and alter the levels of many feeding hormones which might participate in leptin transporter regulation. We measured the uptake of radioactively labeled leptin by the BBB by multiple-time regression analysis which divides uptake into a reversible phase (Vi, e.g., receptor/transporter binding to the brain endothelial cell) and an irreversible phase (Ki, complete transport across the BBB). Leptin uptake was not affected in rats with VMH lesions. No significant change occurred in the entry rate (Ki) for any group, although Ki declined by over 35% in rats with PVN lesions. Decreased uptake was observed in rats with PVN lesions and with PDA lesions. This was primarily due to a reduced Vi (about 21% for the PDA). This decreased uptake is most likely explained by decreased binding of leptin to the brain endothelial cell, which could be because of decreased binding by either receptors or transporters. This suggests that some of the feeding hormones controlled by the PVN and PDA may participate in regulating leptin uptake by the BBB.
Spectra and energy transfer in stably stratified turbulence

The influence of stabilizing buoyancy forces on the spectral characteristics and spectral energy transfer of grid-generated turbulence was studied in a ten-layer closed-loop stratified water channel. The results are compared to the limiting ideal cases of the three-dimensional turbulence and two-dimensional turbulence theories. The velocity power spectra evolve from a classical isotropic shape to a shape of almost k−2 after the suppression of the net vertical mixing. This final spectral shape is rather different from the k−3 to k−4 predicted by the theory of two-dimensional turbulence and could result from the interaction between small-scale internal waves and quasi-two-dimensional turbulent structures as well as some Doppler shift of advected waves. Several lengthscales are derived from the cospectra of the vertical velocity and density fluctuations and compared with the buoyancy, overturning and viscous lengthscales measured in previous studies, e.g. Stillinger, Helland & Van Atta (1983) and Itsweire, Helland & Van Atta (1986). The smallest turbulent scale, defined when the buoyancy flux goes to zero, can be related to the peak of the cospectra of the buoyancy flux. This new relationship can be used to provide a measure of the smallest turbulent scale in cases where the buoyancy flux never goes to zero, i.e. a growing turbulent stratified shear flow. Finally, the one-dimensional energy transfer term computed from the bispectra shows evidence of a reverse energy cascade from the small scales to the large scales far from the grid where buoyancy forces dominate inertial forces. The observed reverse energy transfer could be produced by the development of quasi-two-dimensional eddies as the original three-dimensional turbulence collapses.
Thallium-205 and carbon-13 NMR study of the TI(I)-enniatin-B complex

Abstract A 205 Tl and 13 C NMR study of the TI(I)-enniatin-B complex in CDCl 3 has been made. The 205 Tl TI chemical shift of the complex is in agreement with the general relationship established between the chemical shift and the basicity of the functional group(s) used by the antibiotic in complexing the metal ion. Both the 205 Tl and the 13 C chemical shifts of the complex indicate significant effects of the specific carbonyl binding and the angle made between the cation and the carbonyl axes.
On the gasification of droplets of azeotropic mixtures: Theory and experiment

Recognizing the potential formation of azeotropic mixtures from blending hazardous chemical wastes for incineration, a fundamental experimental and theoretical investigation of the volatility reversal and gasification characteristics of droplets of azeotropic and zeotropic mixtures has been conducted. Experimental results on the temporal variation of the droplet composition of binary positive azeotropic mixtures show that while the low-boiling-point component indeed gasifies faster throughout the droplet lifetime for low initial concentrations, it becomes the slower gasifying component at high initial concentrations. Consequently there exists an intermediate, azeotropic point such that a droplet at this initial composition will remain so throughout its lifetime. This gasification azeotropic point is different from the thermodynamic azeotropic point and is determined by the specific droplet combustion parameters. Corresponding control experiments on zeotropic mixtures show that the more volatile component remains as the faster gasifying component for all initial concentrations. Theoretical calculations on binary mixture droplets completely substantiate the experimental observations. The behavior of the azeotrope with the addition of a third component of greater or lesser volatility has also been examined. Experiments on some ternary mixtures show that the azeotropic behavior can be broken, for additions of either volatility.
Heterokaryon formation and vegetative compatibility in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was found to form stable heterokaryons. Auxotrophic mutants derived from six prototrophic wild-type strains were paired in all combinations on minimal media. Some combinations of auxotrophs led to the development of prototrophic strains. These prototrophic strains were demonstrated to be heterokaryons by separating the two parental nuclear types into separate thalli. Heterokaryon formation was under the control of a regulatory system that resulted in incompatibility in some combinations of strains, but not in others. Each strain was placed into one of three vegetative compatibility groups based on heterokaryon formation with the five other strains. Members belonging to one vegetative compatibility group came from different geographical locations, different hosts and were collected at disparate times. Vegetative compatibility groups did not directly correspond to mycelial compatibility groups.