cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Localizaing Value of Ictal SPECT during Auras in Focal Epilepsy (P03.109)

Objective: To evaluate the localizing value of Ictal Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) in isolated epileptic auras. Background Ictal SPECT is an important test to localize the epileptogenic zone (EZ) with an earlier injection reported as more successful. The epileptic aura is the earliest symptom of a seizure but there are little data on whether ictal SPECT injection during an isolated aura can localize the EZ. Design/Methods: From 529 ictal SPECT studies between 2003 and 2011 we identified 21 patients (5%) with focal epilepsy who had 27 ictal SPECT injections during isolated auras. Ictal and interictal SPECT studies were obtained using 99m TC-ECD as isotope, co-registered, normalized, subtracted, and transformed into a z-score and fused with the MRI (SISCOM). Studies were rated by 2 readers who blindly scored the SPECT for: presence or absence, lateralization, and localization of dominant hyperperfusion, and kappa statistics were calculated. Results are compared to aura type, time of injection, EEG findings during aura, and final localization or lateralization of the EZ based on consensus of scalp EEG, MRI, PET; invasive EEG, and post-operative outcome. Results: 8 patients had temporal, 4 frontal, 2 temporo-parietal, 1 fronto-temporal and 6 hemispheric epilepsy. The EZ was localized in 15 and lateralized in 6. Two readers agreed that 14/27 (52%) studies in 13/21 patients showed an area of dominant hyperperfusion with poor interobserver agreement (kappa=0.10). Of these 9/21 (43%) studies in 9/21 patients were correctly lateralized (kappa = 0.42 ) and only 1/15 studies in 1/15 patients were correctly localized (kappa=0.12). Studies obtained in auras with ictal EEG change were no more likely to be correctly localized (p=0.15). The timing of injection was not a predictor of success. Conclusions: Ictal SPECT injection during isolated auras has a low yield of correct localization of the EZ. Disclosure: Dr. So has nothing to disclose. Dr. Elwan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alexopoulos has received personal compensation for activities with UCB Pharma as a speaker. Dr. Huang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wu has nothing to disclose.
Purification of SUMO Conjugates from Arabidopsis for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

The posttranslational modification of proteins with small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is a rapid, robust, and reversible mechanism that impacts a host of eukaryotic processes important to both normal cellular functions and survival during various abiotic and biotic challenges. Essential to defining the breadth of events impacted by SUMOylation is the development of full catalogues of protein targets. Here, we describe a stringent affinity method to purify native SUMO conjugates from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana based on the expression of modified SUMOs bearing epitope tags. When combined with standard and quantitative mass spectrometric methods, deep datasets of SUMOylated proteins can be acquired. Functional analysis of these lists links SUMO to numerous regulatory events, with an emphasis on those associated with transcription, DNA replication and repair, and chromatin assembly/accessibility.
A novel toolbox for advanced particle swarm optimization based industrial applications

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a stochastic algorithm conceived to solve complex optimization problems. Since its first appearance, different models of PSO have been proposed, in order to improve its search characteristics. Despite the results in literature are very promising, PSO has not been deeply applied within the industrial domain, mainly due to the lack of integrated tools conceived to properly supporting development activities. The present paper proposes a new Matlab Graphical User Interface (GUI) based toolbox for agile PSO industrial solution engineering, including best performing PSO models. Simulation based validated solutions can be agilely deployed and integrated within industrial platforms by means of C/C++ code generation. Moreover, toolbox capabilities and usability are demonstrated on benchmark tests and on a pilot industrial application.
Two Applications of Inner Model Theory to the Study of Sets

?0. Preface. There has been an expectation that the endgame of the more tenacious problems raised by the Los Angeles 'cabal' school of descriptive set theory in the 1970's should ultimately be played out with the use of inner model theory. Questions phrased in the language of descriptive set theory, where both the conclusions and the assumptions are couched in terms that only mention simply definable sets of reals, and which have proved resistant to purely descriptive set theoretic arguments, may at last find their solution through the connection between determinacy and large cardinals. Perhaps the most striking example was given by [24], where the core model theory was used to analyze the structure of HOD and then show that all regular cardinals below OL(R) are measurable. John Steel's analysis also settled a number of structural questions regarding HODL(), such as GCH. Another illustration is provided by [21]. There an application of large cardinals and inner model theory is used to generalize the Harrington-Martin theorem that II d mny imls ( determinacy implies (< ) determinacy. However, it is harder to find examples of theorems regarding the structure of the projective sets whose only known proof from determinacy assumptions uses the link between determinacy and large cardinals. We may equivalently ask whether there are second order statements of number theory that cannot be proved under PD-the axiom of projective determinacy-without appealing to the large cardinal consequences of the PD, such as the existence of certain kinds of inner models that contain given types of large cardinals. An example of this phenomenon is presented by Section 2 of this paper. It should be mentioned that at one stage it appeared as if the first such example was to be given by
Effects of Cell Population Heterogeneity on the Dynamics of Cell Populations

Abstract A novel methodological and computational framework for the quantitative assessment of the effects of cell population heterogeneity on the dynamics of cell populations is presented. We focus on populations of cells carrying an artificial genetic network, consisting of a system of two promoterrepressor pairs. Detailed numerical simulations indicate that taking into account cell population heterogeneity leads to agreement with experimental data, while neglecting it results in significant qualitative and quantitative differences both transiently and at balanced growth.
Re-alignment and intramedullary rodding of the humerus and forearm in children with osteogenesis imperfecta: revision rate and effect on fracture rate.

AbstractPurposeIntramedullary rodding is indicated for patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) to manage deformity and help treat recurrent fractures. Historically, the focus of intramedullary stabilisation has been the lower extremity. Here we report our experience of intramedullary rodding of the humerus and forearm in children with OI and its impact on the fracture rate of those bone segments.Patients and MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of all OI patients who have undergone re-alignment and intramedullary rodding of the humerus or forearm between October 1994 and February 2016. Patient demographics, surgical information, complications and pre-operative and post-operative fracture rates were gathered.ResultsA total of 45 upper extremity segments (26 humeri, 19 forearms) were rodded at an average age of 8.7 years (3.1 to 19.2). Of these, 15 (33.3%) of the bone segments required a return to the operating room at a mean 30.8 months (1 to 90) post-operatively. Fracture data was available for ...
Fabricating high-quality ultra-thin croconic acid film using electric field guidance

Abstract A novel method for fabricating ultra-thin croconic acid (CA) films with a very low surface roughness on Si wafers is reported. With a thickness of approximately 20 nm and surface roughness of ±2.0 nm, the film obtained far exceeds the quality and smoothness of previously reported CA thin films. The film is prepared by applying a high electric field in situ during thermal vapor deposition, promoting alignment of the CA molecules due to their high dipole moment. The result is compared with that of the best-reported film produced via a combination of thermal evaporation at low substrate temperature with subsequent slow heating, to demonstrate the greatly enhanced uniformness of the film. In addition, the film’s ferroelectric behavior is demonstrated using piezoresponse force microscopy measurements. A mechanism for film formation under electric field assisted deposition is proposed.
Improving Similarity Measures Using Ontological Data

The representation of structural data is important to capture the pattern between features. Interrelations between variables provide information beyond the standard variables. In this study, we show how ontology information may be used in a recommender systems to increase the efficiency of predictions. We propose two alternative similarity measures that incorporates the structural data representation. Experiments show that our ontology-based approach delivers improved classification accuracy when the dimension increases.
Resident Competency in Pelvic Exam Skills Not Predicted by Early Assessment.

Introduction Pelvic examination training and competency-based assessment are expensive and time consuming. Our goal was to use the results of skill evaluation early in residency to identify residents who required training. Methods Incoming residents performed pelvic examinations with gynecological teaching assistants. Faculty observed residents performing examinations with clinic patients to assess for competency. Written assessment of residents by teaching assistants and faculty were completed. A regression-based software tool was used to determine items in early resident performance to best predict subsequent competency. Results Sixty-eight residents were evaluated. Thirty-eight (56%) residents were not able to demonstrate competency in three clinical exams and therefore received more observation. One third of evaluations were completed by faculty performing ≤1 evaluation per year. Two items were found most likely to identify a resident who required further training ("identifies cervix" and "properly assembles equipment"). The model based on these items had a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]=86-100%) and specificity of 36.8% (95% CI=22-54%). Conclusions A model using early skills assessments was not sufficiently specific to identify residents who needed more training. Next steps include limiting the number of faculty assessors, faculty development to improve discriminatory capacity, and creating separate processes for (1) providing feedback and identifying learning needs in new residents, and (2) documenting competency in performance of pelvic exams.
Potential impacts of orchard pesticides on Tetranychus urticae: A predator-prey perspective

Abstract Tetranychus urticae Koch is a highly polyphagous pest that is notorious for developing resistance to pesticides. In many perennial cropping systems, integrated mite management relies on the conservation of natural enemies, especially phytoseiid mites, to prevent outbreaks. For successful conservation, it is important to understand non-target effects of pesticides on both spider mites and their key natural enemies, allowing producers to choose pesticides that do not selectively favor T . urticae over its natural enemies. Here, we examine lethal and sublethal non-target effects of common orchard insecticides and fungicides on T. urticae in laboratory assays and compare these effects to previous work with its most important predator in Washington orchards, Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt) (Phytoseiidae). In all cases, materials were either less harmful to T. urticae or were equally harmful to both species. Pesticides that were minimally harmful to T. urticae, but highly harmful to G. occidentalis included neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, thiacloprid, imidacloprid) and novaluron. The diamides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide) had minimal effect on both species. Some pesticides (lambda-cyhalothrin, spinetoram, spirotetramat) were highly toxic to both predator and prey. While the latter category may not cause immediate outbreaks, the ability of spider mites to develop resistance more quickly than their natural enemies indicates that these materials should be used with caution. This study emphasizes the importance of studying the non-target effects of pesticides on secondary pests and their biological control agents to provide a more detailed insight into conservation biological control.
Complete groups are complete co-analytic

The set of complete groups is a complete co-analytic subset of the standard Borel space of countably infinite groups.
An improved active zero voltage switching assisting circuit with lower dv/dt for DC-DC series resonant converter with constant input current

With a constant current dc power distribution system, the input voltage of each series connected power converter module varies with the load. Achieving zero voltage switching (ZVS) for the converter using passive techniques becomes a challenging and difficult task with the wide variation in the load that also changes the input voltage. Therefore, an active assisting method that adapts to the varying input voltage is needed for achieving ZVS with good efficiency over the load range. Traditional active ZVS assistance techniques either operates with higher rms currents in the main switches and the ZVS assisting branch, which further result in higher conduction losses, or result in hard switching of assisting switches, which result in high EMI due to high dv/dt, at full DC bus voltage. In this paper, an active ZVS assisting circuit is proposed which operates with low rms currents in the assisting branch with lower EMIs due to dv/dt in the assisting branch. The proposed technique is experimentally verified through testing of a series resonant converter whose input is connected to a 1 A current source and output current is regulated at 0.33 A for a full load of 250 W, operating at a switching frequency of 250 kHz.
QUANTUM 1/F NOISE IN SOLID STATE SCATTERING, RECOMBINATION, TRAPPING AND INJECTION PROCESSES

The unified description of quantum 1/f noise in all elementary process rates and cross sections of electric transport processes in solids presented in 1982 is further developed in the present paper. 1/f fluctuations in the mobility, diffusion constant, surface and bulk recombination speed, tunneling and trapping rate are all derived from the same fundamental formula in terms of the fine structure constant.
Traversing the k-mer Landscape of NGS Read Datasets for Quality Score Sparsification

It is becoming increasingly impractical to indefinitely store raw sequencing data for later processing in an uncompressed state. In this paper, we describe a scalable compressive framework, Read-Quality-Sparsifier RQS, which substantially outperforms the compression ratio and speed of other de novo quality score compression methods while maintaining SNP-calling accuracy. Surprisingly, RQS also improves the SNP-calling accuracy on a gold-standard, real-life sequencing dataset NA12878 using a k-mer density profile constructed from 77 other individuals from the 1000 Genomes Project. This improvement in downstream accuracy emerges from the observation that quality score values within NGS datasets are inherently encoded in the k-mer landscape of the genomic sequences. To our knowledge, RQS is the first scalable sequence-based quality compression method that can efficiently compress quality scores of terabyte-sized and larger sequencing datasets. Availability: An implementation of our method, RQS, is available for download at: http://rqs.csail.mit.edu/ .
A Quantitative Radionuclide Imaging Technique to Study Cerebral Edema in Dogs with Impaired Monoamine Oxidase

Under normal circumstances, the brain vasculature and astrocyte cells effectively exclude most substances that are not highly lipid soluble or are not used directly in brain cellular metabolism. However, in the presence of cerebral pathology such as neoplasm, infarction, Reye’s syndrome and hydrocephalus, sufficient alterations in the blood-brain barrier occur to allow passage of diffusion-limited radioactive tracers into the region of abnormality. The most commonly employed diffusion-limited tracer for cerebral imaging is Tc-99m-DTPA (Russell et al, 1980). The tracer Tc-99m-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Tc-99m-DTPA) is a low molecular weight, negatively charged radiopharmaceutical.
Spatial Regression Analysis of Poverty in R

Poverty has been studied across many social science disciplines, resulting in a large body of literature. Scholars of poverty research have long recognized that the poor are not uniformly distributed across space. Understanding the spatial aspect of poverty is important because it helps us understand place-based structural inequalities. There are many spatial regression models, but there is a learning curve to learn and apply them to poverty research. This manuscript aims to introduce the concepts of spatial regression modeling and walk the reader through the steps of conducting poverty research using R: standard exploratory data analysis, standard linear regression, neighborhood structure and spatial weight matrix, exploratory spatial data analysis, and spatial linear regression. We also discuss the spatial heterogeneity and spatial panel aspects of poverty. We provide code for data analysis in the R environment and readers can modify it for their own data analyses. We also present results in their raw format to help readers become familiar with the R environment.
The intestinal microflora and its colon cancer connection.

Epidemiologic studies suggest that the incidence of colon cancer is influenced by environmental factors, especially diet. The high beef-high fat-low fiber diet of Western societies is associated with a high risk of colon cancer. The intestinal microflora may play a role in colon cancer by metabolic activation of procarcinogens in the lumen of the large bowel. The link between diet and colon cancer can be explained, in part, by the alterations in fecal bacterial enzyme activity induced by a Western-style diet. For example, fecal bacterial β-glucuronidase, nitroreductase, azoreductase and steroid 7-α-dehydroxylase activities are increased in animals or humans consuming a high beef diet. These enzyme activities can be reduced by eating a grain diet, by the addition ofLactobacillus acidophilus to the diet, or by administration of low dose antibiotics. In experimental animals these three measures to reduce the activity of the microflora also produce few colon tumors in animals given the chemical carcinogen dimethylhydrazine. Further studies are needed to establish whether alterations in the metabolism of the colonic microflora can reduce the risk of large bowel cancer in humans.
A History of Violence? Islam, English Orientalism, and the Bombay Riot of 1851

This article traces English conceptions of the relationship between Islam and violence as they developed through the eighteenth century. In The Myth of Religious Violence (2009), William Cavanaugh argues that political authorities in early modern Europe usurped the power of religious authorities by claiming a monopoly on violence. The state relegated religion to the private sphere and dismissed religiously motivated violence as irrational. The myth that Islam is a violent religion attained prominence in English scholarship at the same time. English authors seldom depicted Muslims as violent before the Ottoman conquests of the sixteenth century. Thereafter, the trope is ubiquitous. Reformers, Orientalists and Enlightenment thinkers regularly reproduced it in both print and art. The myth of religious violence then spread to India where is sparked the Bombay Riot of 1851 and became a self-fulfilling prophecy at the dawn of empire there.
Scoping Review of Access to Emergency Contraception for Sexual Assault Victims in Emergency Departments in the United States

Objective:We conducted a scoping review of the literature to assess the prevalence of hospital policies regarding emergency contraception (EC) and the frequency that U.S. emergency departments (EDs...
The relationship of frailty and disability with suicidal ideation in late life depression.

Frailty and disability are commonly found in Late Life Depression (LLD) and have been associated with increased depression severity, health comorbidities and mortality. Additionally, physical frail...
Nonexistence of Ovoides in &Ω + (10,3)

On etablit la non-existence des ovoides dans Ω + (10,3), ce qui elimine du meme coup les ovoides pour tous les Ω + (2n,3), n≥5
2039-P: Plasmin-Mediated Cleavage of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (hIAPP) Protects ß-Cells from Amyloid-Induced Toxicity

Islet amyloid deposition and reduced s-cell mass are pathologic hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. Amyloid deposits contain the 37 amino acid hIAPP, aggregation of which is toxic to s cells. The 20-29 amino acid region of the peptide is known to confer its amyloidogenic potential. We previously reported that plasmin, a fibrinolytic protease, cleaves hIAPP thereby inhibiting fibril formation. We now sought to determine whether hIAPP fragments arising from plasmin-mediated cleavage retain the potential to aggregate and induce cytotoxicity. The s-cell line INS-1 was treated for 24 h with full-length hIAPP (20 µM) alone or in the presence of plasmin (0.4 µM); plasmin alone or buffer were used as controls. Exposure to hIAPP alone decreased cell viability (53±1.4% of buffer, p In summary, plasmin protects s cells from hIAPP-induced toxicity by cleaving hIAPP between amino acids 11 and 12. Thus, increasing islet plasmin activity might be a strategy to limit s-cell loss in type 2 diabetes. Disclosure N. Esser: None. M.F. Hogan: None. A.T. Templin: None. J.J. Castillo: None. D. Raleigh: None. J.S. Edgar: None. S. Zraika: Research Support; Self; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. R.L. Hull: None. S.E. Kahn: Advisory Panel; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Intarcia Therapeutics, Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC., Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk A/S, Pfizer Inc. Funding U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (I01BX001060)
Cervical intramedullary spinal cavernoma in setting of unresolved myelopathy: A case report.

Background Spinal cavernous malformations are rare, accounting for approximately 5-12% of all spinal cord vascular lesions. Fortunately, improvements in imaging technologies have made it easier to establish the diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cavernomas (ISCs). Case description Here, we report the case of a 63-year-old male with an >11-year history of left-sided radiculopathy, ataxia, and quadriparesis. Initially, radiographic findings were interpreted as consistent with spondylotic myelopathy with cord signal changes from the C3-C7 levels. The patient underwent a C3-C7 laminectomy/foraminotomy with instrumentation. It was only after several symptomatic recurrences and repeated magnetic resonance images (MRI) that the diagnosis of a ventrally-located intramedullary lesion, concerning for a cavernoma, at the level C6 was established. Conclusion Early and repeated enhanced MR studies may be required to correctly establish the diagnosis and determine the optimal surgical management of ISCs.
Fractional-order model predictive control as a framework for electrical neurostimulation in epilepsy.

Electrical neurostimulation is an increasingly adopted therapeutic methodology for neurological conditions such as epilepsy. Electrical neurostimulation devices are commonly characterized by their limited sensing, actuating, and computational capabilities. However, the sensing mechanisms are often used only for their detection potential (e.g., to detect seizures), which automatically and dynamically trigger the actuation capabilities, but ultimately deploy prespecified stimulation doses that resulted from a period of manual (and empirical) calibration. The potential information contained in the measurements acquired by the sensing mechanisms is, therefore, considerably underutilized, given that this type of stimulation strategy only entails an event-triggered relationship between the sensors and actuators of the device. Such stimulation strategies are suboptimal in general and lack theoretical guarantees regarding their performance. In order to leverage the aforementioned information, harvested during normal sensing-actuating operation, we must consider a real-time feedback (closed-loop) strategy. More precisely, the stimulation signal itself should automatically adapt based upon the state of the neurophysiological system at hand, estimated from data collected in real-time through sensors in the device. In this work, we propose a model-based approach for (real-time) closed-loop electrical neurostimulation, in which the evolution of the system is captured by a fractional-order system (FOS). More precisely, we propose a model predictive control (MPC) approach with an underlying FOS predictive model, due to the ability of fractional-order dynamics to more accurately capture the long-term dependence present in biological systems, compared to the standard linear time-invariant models. Furthermore, MPC offers, by design, an additional layer of robustness to compensate for system-model mismatch, which the more traditional strategies lack. To establish the potential of our framework, we focus on epileptic seizure mitigation by computational simulation of our proposed strategy upon seizure-like events. Lastly, we provide evidence of the effectiveness of our method on seizures simulated by commonly adopted models in the neuroscience and medical community present in the literature, as well as real seizure data as obtained from subjects with epilepsy.
Stability Analysis of Mixed-Autonomy Traffic with CAV Platoons using Two-class Aw-Rascle Model

This paper investigates deterministic and stochastic stability of mixed-autonomy traffic with connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) platoons and conventional vehicles on a freeway segment. The deterministic traffic dynamics is described with a two-class Aw-Rascle (AR) traffic partial differential equations (PDEs) model. PDE states describe the evolution of densities and velocities of two-class vehicles on freeway over time and space. We consider that one class represents the human-driven vehicles while the other class represents the CAV platoon with bigger size but slower speed. We linearize the 4×4 hyperbolic PDE model around spatially uniform steady states which gives four characteristic speeds positive in the free traffic with one negative characteristic appearing in the congested traffic. The upstream propagation of velocity perturbation information potentially destroys the traffic stability. Trade-offs between stability and maximum flow rate are discussed for different ratios of CAV platoons in the mixed traffic. The uncertainty is then introduced to capture the randomness in the arrival rate of incoming CAV traffic. We focus on a simple two-mode continuous-time Markov process taking values from a set of two operation modes that represent the qualitatively distinct traffic dynamics (congestion versus free flow). Therefore, a linear hyperbolic PDEs with Markov jump model parameters and boundary conditions is considered, consisting of both the continuous PDE states and the discrete operational mode. The stochastic stability is then analyzed using the Lyapunov approach. The sufficient conditions for stochasticallyexponential stability are derived for the Markov switching system. Some implications for CAV platooning operations to limit the negative effect of the randomness are also discussed.
Orbitofrontal craniotomy and anterior clinoidectomy for treatment of a recurrent suprasellar Rathke’s cleft cyst after spontaneous involution: A case report

Abstract The spontaneous involution and rapid recurrence of a Rathke’s cleft cyst (RCC) is not well described. A 16-year-old female with a putatively incidental nearly 2 cm suprasellar lesion arising from the posterior aspect of the infundibulum found on a brain MRI during workup for aseptic meningitis demonstrated a spontaneous and near-complete involution of this lesion on close follow up (leaving only a thickened infundibulum measuring up to 3.6 mm). After a period of cyclic headaches coinciding with subtle changes in pituitary stalk thickness, she developed progressive fatigue, severe headaches, and bitemporal blurry vision, with rapid re-growth of the suprasellar lesion to near its original size seen on repeat MRI. Due to its purely suprasellar and retro-infundibular location an anterolateral rather than an anterior transnasal approach was recommended. She underwent a successful orbitofrontal craniotomy and cyst fenestration/partial resection, with pathologic analysis confirming an RCC. Post-operatively, she had normal vision and no diabetes insipidus or other hormonal disturbances, and improvement of her headaches on ten-month follow up. Awareness of the potentially dynamic nature of RCCs is important for their timely diagnosis. Purely suprasellar RCCs can require an anterolateral surgical approach, especially when located posterior to the infundibulum.
Gender, sex, and heteronormativity in high school statistics textbooks

Textbooks have a long history of explicitly and implicitly supporting heteronormative ideologies and effectively erasing marginalized populations, such as people who identify as queer, by exclusion. Students view textbooks as an authority over content and spend large portions of in and out of class time interacting with their textbooks. Because high school statistics teachers feel inadequately prepared to teach statistics, they tend to rely heavily on textbooks to drive instruction. In this study, with a theoretical framework of queer theory and critical mathematics, I used qualitative methods to code three high school statistics textbooks based on their representations of gender, sex, and sexuality. Themes related to the maintenance of heteronormative power structures were deconstructed using Fairclough’s (1992) three-dimensional framework for critical discourse analysis. I found that binary gender identities are often conflated with identities related to sex, gender roles are rigidly defined, and relationships are defined as mostly heterosexual. The results of this study have implications for publishers, researchers, and educators in understanding the relationship between gender complexity and curricular resources.
What Makes a Turing Award Winner

Computer science has grown rapidly since its inception in the 1950s and the pioneers in the field are celebrated annually by the A.M. Turing Award. In this paper, we attempt to shed light on the path to influential computer scientists by examining the characteristics of the 74 Turing Award laureates. To achieve this goal, we build a comprehensive dataset of the Turing Award laureates and analyze their characteristics, including their personal information, family background and academic background. The FP-Growth algorithm is used for frequent feature mining. Logistic regression plot, pie chart and word cloud are generated accordingly for each of the interesting features to uncover insights regarding personal factors that drive influential work in the field of computer science. In particular, we show that the Turing Award laureates are most commonly white, male, married, United States citizen, and received a PhD degree. Our results also show that the age at which the laureate won the award increases over the years; most of the Turing Award laureates did not major in computer science; birth order is strongly related to the winners’ success; and the number of citations is not as important as one would expect.
Associations of presidential voting preference and gubernatorial control with county-level COVID-19 case and death rates in the continental United States.

Abstract Objective To investigate the associations of state gubernatorial party control and 2016 county-level presidential election preference on COVID-19 case and death rates in the United States. Study design This was a secondary analysis of publicly available data. Methods Data including county-level COVID-19 case and death counts through February 9, 2021, 2020 gubernatorial data, and county-level US Census Bureau data, Broadstreet area deprivation index, and 2016 presidential voting tallies were included. Negative binomial regression estimated the adjusted impact of each variable on COVID-19 case and death rates. Results A total of 3102 counties in the 48 continental United States plus Washington DC were included. County-level case and death rates were higher (12% and 22%, respectively) in Republican vs Democrat controlled states. Case and death rates were higher in counties voting Republican vs Democrat in 2016 and were modified by counties with median ages ≥ 50 years (54% increase in case rate and 91% increase in death rate). Conclusions These data further support the need for prevention efforts to focus on public health while extricating guidance and prevention from political agendas.
The Mathematical Formulation of Fully Developed Turbulence

The purpose of the research discussed in this book is to develop new mathematical tools that open the theory of turbulence up to theoretical investigations. Great strides are currently being made both in turbulence experiments and simulations, but the new mathematical development will allow theoreticians to compare with both simulations and experiments and make new predictions useful to both areas.
High-density genomic analysis reveals basis of spherocytosis in myelodysplastic syndrome.

![Figure][1] A 73-year-old man without prior personal or family history of anemia developed a chronic hemolytic anemia characterized by an absolute reticulocyte count of 347 000/mm3 (13%) and spherocytic red-cell morphology (see panel A). Antiglobulin testing was negative but osmotic
Tracking minimum distances between curved objects with parametric surfaces in real time

This paper presents a new algorithm for real-time tracking of pairs of closest points as well as their corresponding surface features between certain general types of objects (which can be non-convex) with parametric curved surfaces. The fact that the algorithm works directly on accurate parametric descriptions of curved surfaces rather than polygonal approximation of surfaces (i.e., polygonal meshes) enables it to not only provide accurate collision detection among certain curved objects in real-time, but more importantly, also provide accurate description of the state of a collision, i.e., the actual regions of contact in real-time. Such capability is very useful in applications requiring high accuracy in real-time, including certain haptic rendering tasks for virtual prototyping or virtual training. Test results show that the algorithm achieves correct tracking in the rate of 1 kHz.
Rabbit aortic smooth muscle cell culture. A model for the pharmacological study of diabetesinduced alterations in cell proliferation

Atherosclerotic vascular disease is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus. Enhanced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation plays a central role in atherosclerotic lesion formation. Studies using explant cultures have demonstrated that aortic smooth muscle cells from rats with experimental or genetic diabetes have enhanced rates of proliferation when compared to controls. However, this method of culture may select for cells with enhanced migratory potential. In the present studies, aortic smooth muscle cells were successfully cultured from control and diabetic rabbits after enzymatic and mechanical dispersion from thoracic aortic segments. The proliferative patterns of control cells were characterized and growth rates of diabetic cells were compared to controls. Primary cultures from control rabbits grew after an initial 5-day lag period to achieve threefold increases in cell number by 9 days. Subcultures of aortic smooth muscle cells entered the logarithmic phase of growth after 2 days, reaching the plateau phase of growth in 5-7 days and achieving three to fourfold increases in cell number. The final density to which cultures grew was not affected by the number of cells attached on day 1 for the range studied. Cells from diabetic rabbits displayed shorter doubling times and reached greater densities at confluence than did cells from controls. These data support the hypothesis that diabetes induces an atherogenic response. The dissociated rabbit aortic smooth muscle cell culture provides a model in which to study diabetes-induced modulation of cell proliferation that is amenable to pharmacological manipulation to investigate agonist and growth factor-induced responses.
Parametric Bootstrap for Assessment of Goodness of Fit of Models for Block Haplotype Structure

Our ultimate interest is in formalization of models for high-resolution haplotype structure in such a way that they can be useful in statistical methods for linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping. Some steps in that direction have been taken by Daly et al.(2001) who describe a block structure of haplotypes. They outline a hidden Markov model (HMM) that allows for common haplotypes in each block. We propose somewhat different models that also use HMM, which allow for haplotypes in a block that are not one of the common types and more complex graph structure of preferred and non-preferred transitions between haplotypes in adjacent blocks. In this paper, we also address the problem of assessing goodness of fit of such models to data when only unphased genotype data on individuals or trios are available. We find that the traditional parametric bootstrap method to assess the goodness of fit of models does not have the right type I error in our case, where we have multinomial-type models with many cells having very low probabilities and only a moderate sample size.
Development of biomechanically compliant arterial grafts

In the current project, the focus has been on designing and producing small diameter woven grafts which have stretch in both the longitudinal and transverse directions and on studying their in vitro performance. For construction of grafts, a model narrow fabric loom was set up. A polyester yarn containing 34 filaments each of 3.2 dtex was used as the warp. For weft insertion, a number of yarns based on polyurethane, differing in size, structure, and composition, and, thus, in properties, were procured. The properties of a woven fabric are known to vary with the denier and the properties of the yarn, the weave design, the weave tightness, and the heat setting treatment used to finish the fabric for the study. Hence, several levels of each of these parameters were incorporated to develop structures (sixty-four). The longitudinal and transverse properties of the grafts so produced were characterized using special in vitro methods and related to the differences In yarn properties and weave construction and tightness. The preliminary results obtained indicate that the grafts have transverse compliance which can be controlled by altering the yarn and fabric construction parameters. The work is in progress and a more complete study is expected to be available at the time of the conference.
Ribosome abundance regulates the recovery of skeletal muscle protein mass upon recuperation from postnatal undernutrition in mice

Key points Inadequate nutrient intake during early life can programme a low adult muscle mass. We have used a mouse model to identify the developmental window when the skeletal musculature is vulnerable to programming and to identify factors that limit the muscle's ability to respond when normal nutrition is restored. We established that the developmental age when nutritional rehabilitation occurs following an episode of poor nutrition, rather than the duration or severity of the nutrient restriction, is the critical factor that determines if muscle mass can be recuperated. The ability to recover depends on whether the muscles’ translational capacity, i.e. ribosomal abundance, can increase sufficiently to raise protein synthesis rates sufficiently to accelerate protein deposition. We show that the ability to increase ribosomal abundance was associated with increased expression of the nucleolar transcription factor UBF (upstream binding factor), which regulates RNA polymerase 1 activity and rRNA transcription, the limiting factor for ribosomal production. Abstract Nutritionally-induced growth faltering in the perinatal period has been associated with reduced adult skeletal muscle mass; however, the mechanisms responsible for this are unclear. To identify the factors that determine the recuperative capacity of muscle mass, we studied offspring of FVB mouse dams fed a protein-restricted diet during gestation (GLP) or pups suckled from postnatal day 1 (PN1) to PN11 (E-UN), or PN11 to PN22 (L-UN) on protein-restricted or control dams. All pups were refed under control conditions following the episode of undernutrition. Before refeeding, and 2, 7 and 21 days later, muscle protein synthesis was measured in vivo. There were no long-term deficits in protein mass in GLP and E-UN offspring, but in L-UN offspring muscle protein mass remained significantly smaller even after 18 months (P < 0.001). E-UN differed from L-UN offspring by their capacity to upregulate postprandial muscle protein synthesis when refed (P < 0.001), a difference that was attributable to a transient increase in ribosomal abundance, i.e. translational capacity, in E-UN offspring (P < 0.05); translational efficiency was similar across dietary treatments. The postprandial phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases were similar among treatments. However, activation of the ribosomal S6 kinase 1 via mTOR (P < 0.02), and total upstream binding factor abundance were significantly greater in E-UN than L-UN offspring (P < 0.02). The results indicate that the capacity of muscles to recover following perinatal undernutrition depends on developmental age as this establishes whether ribosome abundance can be enhanced sufficiently to promote the protein synthesis rates required to accelerate protein deposition for catch-up growth.
Interprofessional global health education in a cosmopolitan community of North America: the iCHEE experience.

Problem The rapidly diversifying population of North America has disparate health needs that are addressed by creative, community-based training of health professions students. Approach The authors report five years (2008-2012) of experience implementing a novel interprofessional Community Health and Education Exchange (iCHEE) elective course for dental, medical, nursing, nutrition, pharmacy, physician assistant, and public health students at Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU). This pioneering interprofessional course was created by the OHSU Global Health Center and is offered in fall, winter, and spring quarters. Students interact with individual clients drawn from community centers supporting refugees, recent immigrants, and other underserved people. In addition to health concerns, clients are encouraged to share backgrounds and experiences with student teams. Clients receive guidance on nutrition, exercise, pharmaceuticals, and accessible health services. Student teams perform a noninvasive health check on clients with the assistance of faculty mentors who, on finding a physical or mental health issue, refer the client from the educational setting to an appropriate health care facility. Outcomes In addition to supporting health promotion and early intervention for medically underserved people, students reported gaining valuable cross-cultural knowledge, understanding, and experience from clients. Students also appreciated the value of diverse skills and knowledge available in their multidisciplinary teams. Through the end of 2012, over 300 health professions students worked with approximately 1,200 clients to complete the iCHEE course. Next steps The iCHEE model should prove helpful in preparing health professions students at other institutions to understand and serve diverse populations.
Effects from prenatal exposure to alprazolam on the social behavior of mice offspring.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to conduct, in a randomized placebo-controlled manner, social behavior testing on mice offspring that were exposed prenatally to alprazolam. Study design A previously described, clinically relevant dose of 0.32 mg/kg of alprazolam (n=8 mice) or a placebo (n=9 mice) was given to gravid C57BL/6 mice by gavage on gestational day 18. Social play, sleep/wake patterns, and male aggression of the exposed offspring were assessed during prejuvenile, juvenile, and adult periods. Results Alprazolam did not produce treatment differences in pregnancy outcomes or in dam-pup interactions. Compared with the placebo group, alprazolam-exposed offspring demonstrated less desire to escape ( P P P P P Conclusion Mice offspring that were exposed prenatally to alprazolam demonstrated more individual rather than group activities, avoidance of open areas, and aggression in males. Correlation of these findings in humans is encouraged.
Transplantation of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells in the Granuloprival Cerebellum of the Weaver Mutant Mouse

Numerous studies have explored the potential of different stem and progenitor cells to replace at-risk neuronal populations in a variety of neurodegenerative disease models. This study presents data from a side-by-side approach of engrafting two different stem/progenitor cell populations within the postnatal cerebellum of the weaver neurological mutant mouse--cerebellar-derived multipotent astrocytic stem cells and embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursors--for comparative analysis. We show here that both donor populations survive, migrate, and appear to initiate differentiation into neurons within the granuloprival host environment. Neither of these disparate stem/progenitor cell populations adopted significant region-specific identities, despite earlier studies that suggested the potential of these cells to respond to in vivo cues when placed in a permissive/instructive milieu. However, data presented here suggest that molecular and cellular deficits present within weaver homozygous or heterozygous brains may promote a slightly more positive donor cell response toward acquisition of a neuronal phenotype. Hence, it is likely that a fine balance exists between a compromised host environment that is amenable to cell replacement and that of a degenerating cellular milieu where it is perhaps too deleterious to support extensive neuronal differentiation and functional cellular integration. These findings join a growing list of studies that show successful cell replacement depends largely on the interplay between the potentiality of the donor cells and the specific pathological conditions of the recipient environment, and that emergent therapies for neurological disorders involving the use of neural stem cells still require refinement.