cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Public Attitudes Regarding Hospitals and Physicians Encouraging Donations From Grateful Patients.

Importance Philanthropy is an increasingly important source of support for health care institutions. There is little empirical evidence to inform ethical guidelines. Objective To assess public attitudes regarding specific practices used by health care institutions to encourage philanthropic donations from grateful patients. Design, Setting, and Participants Using the Ipsos KnowledgePanel, a probability-based sample representative of the US population, a survey solicited opinions from a primary cohort representing the general population and 3 supplemental cohorts (with high income, cancer, and with heart disease, respectively). Exposures Web-based questionnaire. Main Outcomes and Measures Descriptive analyses (with percentages weighted to make the sample demographically representative of the US population) evaluated respondents’ attitudes regarding the acceptability of strategies hospitals may use to identify, solicit, and thank donors; perceptions of the effect of physicians discussing donations with their patients; and opinions regarding gift use and stewardship. Results Of 831 individuals targeted for the general population sample, 513 (62%) completed surveys, of whom 246 (48.0%) were women and 345 (67.3%) non-Hispanic white. In the weighted sample, 47.0% (95% CI, 42.3%-51.7%) responded that physicians giving patient names to hospital fundraising staff after asking patients’ permission was definitely or probably acceptable; 8.5% (95% CI, 5.7%-11.2%) endorsed referring without asking permission. Of the participants, 79.5% (95% CI, 75.6%-83.4%) reported it acceptable for physicians to talk to patients about donating if patients have brought it up; 14.2% (95% CI, 10.9%-17.6%) reported it acceptable when patients have not brought it up; 9.9% (95% CI, 7.1%-12.8%) accepted hospital development staff performing wealth screening using publicly available data to identify patients capable of large donations. Of the participants, 83.2% (95% CI, 79.5%-86.9%) agreed that physicians talking with their patients about donating may interfere with the patient-physician relationship. For a hypothetical patient who donated $1 million, 50.1% (95% CI, 45.4%-54.7%) indicated it would be acceptable for the hospital to show thanks by providing nicer hospital rooms, 26.0% (95% CI, 21.9%-30.1%) by providing expedited appointments, and 19.8% (95% CI, 16.1%-23.5%) by providing physicians’ cell phone numbers. Conclusions and Relevance In this survey study of participants drawn from the general US population, a substantial proportion did not endorse legally allowable approaches for identifying, engaging, and thanking patient-donors.
Muscle Mass Is Linked to Liver Disease Severity in Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Objective To investigate the association between muscle mass and liver disease severity in pediatric patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Study design This was a retrospective study of patients aged Results In the multivariable regression analyses, higher steatosis score was associated with a lower tPMSA index (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.96) and younger age (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73-0.97). Liver PDFF was also significantly associated with the tPMSA index (P = .029), sex (P = .019), and CDI (P = .005). In contrast, liver stiffness was not associated with tPMSA in multivariable analyses. Conclusions tPMSA index was independently associated with both imaging and histological features of hepatic steatosis severity in children. Future studies should directly explore the presence and directionality of causative links between muscle mass and steatosis, as well as whether interventions that enhance muscle mass can reduce disease severity in children with NAFLD.
Black Lives Matter Principles as an Africentric Approach to Improving Black American Health

Although public health has made substantial advances in closing the health disparity gap, Black Americans still experience inequalities and inequities. Several theoretical frameworks have been used to develop public health interventions for Black American health; yet the existing paradigms do not fully account for the ontology, epistemology, or axiology of Black American populations. The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement provides a basis for understanding the constructs that may contribute to Black American health. By drawing from the 13 BLM principles, this paper presents an alternative approach for developing, implementing, and evaluating public health interventions for Black populations in the USA. Furthermore, the approach may inform future public health research and policies to reduce health disparities within and across Black populations in the USA.
Superior sagittal sinus-to-internal jugular vein bypass shunt with covered stent construct for intractable intracranial hypertension resulting from iatrogenic supratorcular sinus occlusion: technical note.

Acute occlusion of the posterior sagittal sinus may lead to dramatic increase in intracranial pressure (ICP), refractory to standard treatment. Hybrid vascular bypass of cranial venous outflow into the internal jugular vein (IJV) has seldom been described for this in recent neurosurgical literature. To describe creation of a novel vascular bypass shunt from the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) to internal jugular vein (IJV) utilizing a covered stent-Dacron graft construct for control of refractory ICP. We illustrate a patient with refractory ICP increases after acute sinus ligation that was performed to halt torrential bleeding from intraoperative injury. A temporary shunt was created that successfully controlled ICP. From the promising results of the temporary shunt, we utilized a prosthetic hybrid bypass graft to function as a shunt from the sagittal sinus to IJV. Yet the associated anticoagulation led to complications and a poor outcome. Rapid and sustained ICP reduction can be expected after sagittal sinus-to-jugular bypass shunt placement in acute sinus occlusion. Details of the surgical technique are described. Heparin anticoagulation, while imperative, is also associated with worrisome complications. Acute occlusion of posterior third of sagittal sinus carries a very malignant clinical course. Intractable intracranial hypertension from acute sinus occlusion may be effectively treated with a SSS-IJV bypass shunt. A covered stent construct provides an effective vascular bypass conduit. However, the anticoagulation risk can lead to fatal outcomes. The neurosurgeon must always strive for primary repair of an injured sinus.
Intensity mapping from the sky: synergizing the joint potential of [OIII] and [CII] surveys at reionization

We forecast the ability of future-generation experiments to detect the fine-structure lines of the carbon and oxygen ions, [CII] and [OIII] in intensity mapping (IM) from the Epoch of Reionization ($z \sim 6-8$). Combining the latest empirically derived constraints relating the luminosity of the [OIII] line to the ambient star-formation rate, and using them in conjunction with previously derived estimates for the abundance of [CII] in haloes, we predict the expected auto-correlation IM signal to be observed using next-generation facilities based on the Fred Young Submillimetre Telescope (FYST) and the balloon-borne facility, Experiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM) over $z \sim 5.3 - 7$. We describe how improvements to both the ground-based and balloon-based surveys in the future will enable a cross-correlation signal to be detected at $\sim$ 10-40 $\sigma$ over $z \sim 5.3 - 7$. Finally, we propose a space-based mission targeting the [OIII] 88 and 52 $\mu$m lines along with the [CII] 158 $\mu$m line, configured to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of cross-correlation measurements. We find that such a configuration can achieve a high-significance detection (hundreds to thousands of $\sigma$) in both auto- and cross-correlation modes.
Noise suppression methods in picometer heterodyne displacement interferometer

High sensitivity displacement interferometer has wide applications in gravitational wave detection area, performing as crucial part in test mass dynamics measurement and seismic motion monitoring for low-noise observatory operation. With advances in heterodyne laser interferometry, sensitivities at levels of sub-nm/√Hz over sub-Hz frequencies can be achieved. However, the breakthrough towards picometer level still needs various techniques in noise characterization and suppression. In this article, a compact heterodyne laser interferometer design as well as benchtop prototype system is presented. Common noise sources and their effects are investigated, including laser frequency noise, non-linear OPD noise, thermo-elastic noise, as well as readout noise from phasemeters and photoreceivers to determine the sensitivity limits in our system. Furthermore, each individual noise source is characterized with dedicated instruments and the coupling coefficients are determined respectively. By subtracting the individual noise contributions, the interferometer sensitivity reaches a sensitivity at the picometer level above 100 mHz frequency. We will present our progress and current results.
Local interactions and homophily effects in actor collaboration networks for urban resilience governance

Understanding actor collaboration networks and their evolution is essential to promoting collective action in resilience planning and management of interdependent infrastructure systems. Local interactions and choice homophily are two important network evolution mechanisms. Network motifs encode the information of network formation, configuration, and the local structure. Homophily effects, on the other hand, capture whether the network configurations have significant correlations with node properties. The objective of this paper is to explore the extent to which local interactions and homophily effects influence actor collaboration in resilience planning and management of interdependent infrastructure systems. We mapped bipartite actor collaboration network based on a post-Hurricane Harvey stakeholder survey that revealed actor collaborations for hazard mitigation. We examined seven bipartite network motifs for the mapped collaboration network and compared the mapped network to simulated random models with same degree distributions. Then we examined whether the network configurations had significant statistics for node properties using exponential random graph models. The results provide insights about the two mechanisms—local interactions and homophily effect—influencing the formation of actor collaboration in resilience planning and management of interdependent urban systems. The findings have implications for improving network cohesion and actor collaborations from diverse urban sectors.
Immunoprotection — A Novel Approach for Mapping Epitopes on an Antigen

Since the introduction of hybridoma technology, monoclonal antibodies have proven to be very useful tools for the study of specific sites on proteins (1, 2, 3 and 4). The site specificity of monoclonal antibodies offers new ways to link areas of protein function with structure. For some proteins, this mapping has been a simple matter of digesting the antigen and analyzing which fragment(s) the antibodies interact with (5, 6, 7 and 8). However, a large population of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are highly dependent on the protein conformation of the antigen (9, 10). These MAbs often lose their reactivities with their antigenic determinants when the target protein is digested or during protein preparation for cleavage. This has been a serious barrier for studying many complex proteins.
The case for regulatory rent-seeking: CRA based protests of bank mergers and acquisitions *

This paper addresses the question of regulatory rent seekingbased on protests of proposed bank mergers and acquisitionssubmitted by community groups to bank regulators. Theories ofCRA-related community group behavior based on benevolence andrent seeking, yield significantly different implicationsconcerning the effect of a bank's CRA rating on protestprobability, allowing for a clear test of the underlyingmotive for protest activity. The analysis shows: (1) protestsimpose significant time cost on merger and acquisitionapplications and (2) the benevolent-based theory must berejected in favor of the rent-seeking theory.
The Scientist as an Analogical Reasoner : a Principle of Orientation and a Critique of the Metaphor Theory of Innovation

“Seven Beauties” is Miss Wertmuller's “King Kong”, her “Nashville”, her “8½”, her “Navigator”, her “City Lights”.
Comparing segmented ASL perfusion of vascular territories using manual versus semiautomated techniques in children with sickle cell anemia.

Purpose Elevated cerebral blood flow (CBF) in sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an adaptive pathophysiologic response associated with decreased vascular reserve and increased risk for ischemia. We compared manual (M) and semiautomated (SA) vascular territory delineation to facilitate standardized evaluation of CBF in children with SCA. Materials and Methods ASL perfusion values from 21 children were compared for gray matter and white matter (WM) in vascular territories defined by M and SA delineation. SA delineated CBF was compared with clinical and hematologic variables acquired within 4 weeks of the MRI. Results CBF measurements from M (MCA 82 left, 79 right) and SA (MCA 81 left, 81 right) delineated territories were highly correlated (R = 0.99, P < 0.0001). Bland-Altman plots had close-fitting limits of agreement of −1.8 to −3.5 lower limit and 0 to 1.8 upper limit. SA vascular territory delineation was comparable to the expert delineation with a kappa index of 0.62–0.85 and was considerably faster. Median territorial CBF values did not differ by gender or age. WM perfusion in the posterior cerebral artery territories was positively correlated with degree of hemolysis (R = 0.58, P = 0.01 left, 0.73, P < 0.001 right) and negatively correlated with hemoglobin (R = −0.48; P = 0.03 left; −0.47; P = 0.04 right) and hemoglobin F (R = −0.42; P = .09 left; −0.47; P = 0.049 right). Conclusion We established the validity of the SA method, which in our experience was much faster than the M method for delineation of vascular territories. Associations between CBF and hematologic variables may demonstrate pathophysiologic changes that contribute to clinical variation in CBF. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:439–446.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward Sustainable Chemistry

The present economy relies on a massive inward flow of natural resources followed by a reverse flow of economically spent matter back to the ecosphere. In his essay, Collins argues that chemistry has an important role to play in developing the technological dimension of a sustainable civilization on Earth. The key to achieving this goal is a see change in chemical education and practice such that environmental considerations are comprehensively incorporated into chemical research and technology. First and foremost, persistent bioaccumulative pollutants must be eliminated in favor of more biocompatible substances and methods.
Ultrafast electron spin relaxation in 6.1-angstrom-lattice-constant semiconductors

Summary form only given. We describe ultrafast optical measurements of electron spin relaxation in InAs/GaSb superlattices with band gaps in the mid-infrared. Quantum structures comprised of semiconductors such as InAs and GaSb, with lattice constants of /spl sim/6.1-/spl Aring/, are currently being explored for application to a variety of advanced electronic and optoelectronic devices, including resonant-interband-tunneling diodes and mid-infrared lasers and detectors. The large spin-orbit coupling and interface asymmetry in these no-common-anion superlattices are expected to enhance the spin relaxation rates relative to, e.g., GaAs/Al(Ga)As heterostructures. We demonstrate that these factors lead to an unusual regime in which carrier spin relaxation occurs on a time scale comparable to energy relaxation.
Experimental results on aliasing errors in circular BIST design

Although many analyses on aliasing errors have been reported, no definite experiments has been reported on aliasing probabilities under built-in self-test (BIST) environment. In this paper, the authors present experimental results on the aliasing probability of the circular BIST design technique. Among 23 ISCAS89 benchmark circuits experimented, aliasing errors were detected in only 2 of the 23 circuits at the end of the application of 2000 clocks. However, 11 circuits encountered aliaising errors during the period of the 2000 clocks. The average and maximum aliasing probability observed in an 8 and a 16 bit signature analysis registers for the 23 circuits are also presented. No aliasing errors were observed for a 32 bit signature analysis register. >
A new fast method for channel estimation

The decision feedback channel equalizer (DFE) is reformulated in terms of the method of projections onto convex sets (POCS). The formulation provides faster convergence in the training mode by updating the DFE taps several times per symbol period. The data-driven mode is made more robust with the introduction of new decision strategies. >
Chronic antidepressant treatment enhances α-adrenergic and serotonergic responses in the facial nucleus

Abstract In addition to their well recognized activity in blocking uptake of biogenic amines, tricyclic antidepressants have recently been shown, with chronic treatment, to alter neurotransmitter receptor sensitivity. In this study, the responsiveness of facial motoneurons to norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) was assessed with single unit recording and microiontophoretic techniques. Treatment of rats with daily intraperitoneal injections of several clinically effective tricyclics for 14–20 days was found to enhance responses to NE, 5-HT, and to an intravenously administered 5-HT agonist, 5-MeODMT. These changes in sensitivity were not seen in animals chronically treated with saline, chlorpromazine, or fluoxetine, and thus appear specific to antidepressants. Acute effects of tricyclics on NE and 5-HT responses were variable, dependent on the specific drug tested, and appear to have no necessary relation to the pronounced sensitization produced by chronic treatment.
Tensorial Analysis of Integrated Transmission Systems Part I. The Six Basic Reference Frames

A method of analysis is outlined to solve steady-state problems arising in the operation of large interconnected transmission systems exchanging power between their own operating divisions and outside companies. Special attention is paid to the calculation of total and incremental losses for economic loading studies and to the allocation of incremental losses between the various subsidiary and outside companies. This first part restricts itself to lay the necessary foundations for the numerical study made in a companion paper1 on the system of the American Gas and Electric Company.
BOOK REVIEW: "The Handbook of Technology Foresight: Concepts and Practice", Edited by Luke Georghiou, Jennifer Cassingena Harper, Michael Keenan, Ian Miles, Rafael Popper

Technology foresight is one of the important research areas in our field of managing innovation and technology. Georghiou et al. present a marvelous review of methods and applications for developing a technological vision. The book starts with an introduction to the foresight process and a review of available methodologies. The chapter focusing on the methodologies provides a very comprehensive list. A total of 33 different methodologies are described. The methodologies listed are also used for technology assessment and forecasting. For that reason, the book presents a value for many of us who have been studying technology evaluation of for those whose jobs are to evaluate and make decisions on the technological investments. The second part of the book includes foresight application from all around the world. The foresight studies reported in this part include those from United Kingdom, France, Germany, USA, Japan, Nordic countries, as well as smaller and developing countries. The chapters on these applications include the flow of the process used, methodologies employed and the topics discussed in each foresight project. This part would be very valuable for those planning to implement similar foresight projects in their countries and even in their organizations. The methods and the approached can easily be scaled up and down depending on the size of the organization. The third part of the book introduces largely the concepts of managing the foresight project. It starts with a chapter exploring how different projects were influenced by others. The other chapters introduce the planning aspects of such projects as well as how to evaluate the impact of these projects. The final chapter charts the future for the foresight science and applications. I would recommend this book wholeheartedly to all the researchers in the areas of management of technological investments.
Highly efficient broad‐area blue and white light‐emitting diodes on bulk GaN substrates

Highly efficient light emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak emission wavelengths of nominally 450 nm were grown, fabricated and tested. The growth was performed by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. The LEDs were grown on c-plane (0001) bulk GaN substrates and fabricated into broad-area devices with active area 0.01 cm 2 . Considerations were made to improve extraction efficiency, including transparent contacts, suspended mirror-less packaging and encapsulation in a truncated pyramid optic. These factors resulted in LEDs with high peak external quantum efficiency and reduced efficiency droop. The output power and external quantum efficiency at 20 mA were 38.5 mW and 68.9%. At 100mA, they were 170mW and 60.9%. White LEDs were fabricated by application of a yellow phosphor to the blue LEDs. The white LED luminous flux and efficacy at 20 mA was 9.6 1m and 128 1m/W. The chromaticity coordinates and correlated colour temperature were (0.348 K, 0.378 K) and 4998 K.
Donor-acceptor (electronic) coupling in the precursor complex to organic electron transfer: Intermolecular and intramolecular self-exchange between phenothiazine redox centers

Intermolecular electron transfer (ET) between the free phenothiazine donor (PH) and its cation radical (PH•+) proceeds via the [1:1] precursor complex (PH)2•+ which is transiently observed for the first time by its diagnostic (charge-resonance) absorption band in the near-IR region. Similar intervalence (optical) transitions are also observed in mixed-valence cation radicals with the generic representation: P(br)P•+, in which two phenothiazine redox centers are interlinked by p-phenylene, o-xylylene, and o-phenylene (br) bridges. Mulliken−Hush analysis of the intervalence (charge-resonance) bands afford reliable values of the electronic coupling element HIV based on the separation parameters for (P/P•+) centers estimated from some X-ray structures of the intermolecular (PH)2•+ and the intramolecular P(br)P•+ systems. The values of HIV, together with the reorganization energies λ derived from the intervalence transitions, yield activation barriers ΔGET⧧ and first-order rate constants kET for electron-tran...
Vittatalactone, a β-Lactone from the Striped Cucumber Beetle, Acalymma vittatum

A novel β-lactone, vittatalactone (1), was isolated from collections of airborne volatile compounds from feeding male striped cucumber beetles, Acalymma vittatum. The structure of 1 was determined to be (3R,4R)-3-methyl-4-(1,3,5,7-tetramethyloctyl)oxetan-2-one by microderivatization, GC-MS, and NMR studies. The absolute configurations at C-2 and C-3 on the β-lactone ring were assigned by use of the modified Mosher method, applied to the β-hydroxy acid methyl ester resulting from methanolysis of 1. Biological activity of 1, possibly as an aggregation pheromone for A. vittatum, was indicated by electrophysiological studies using beetle antennae and by the production of 1 by feeding male, and not female, beetles.
NORMAL MODES CHARACTERIZING MAGNETOELASTIC PLANE WAVES

The general theory of magnetohydrodynamic waves in an ideal conducting fluid embedded in a uniform field of magnetic induction, and the application of the theory to the systematic analysis of the various modes of propagation in incompressible and compressible fluids have been presented by the author in two earlier papers. The techniques developed there have now been extended to the study of homogeneous plane waves in an unbounded conducting solid. It is found that, in the presence of a uniform static magnetic field, the elastic medium sustains five distinct modes of propagation as already pointed out by Knopoff. The first two modes are pure shear waves, one of which is a slightly attenuated shear mode with phase velocity modified anisotropically by magnetoelastic coupling, whereas the companion shear mode is highly attenuated and exhibits a propagation constant which is essentially that of an electromagnetic wave of the same frequency. The remaining three modes are shear-compression waves of which one mode exhibits a phase velocity intermediate between the phase velocity of shear and compressional waves, the second mode has a phase velocity exceeding that of compressional waves, and the third shear-compression mode is again highly attenuated with the propagation characteristics of an electromagnetic wave.
Crude Oil Impairs Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Fish

Crude oil is known to disrupt cardiac function in fish embryos. Large oil spills, such as the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster that occurred in 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico, could severely affect fish at impacted spawning sites. The physiological mechanisms underlying such potential cardiotoxic effects remain unclear. Here, we show that crude oil samples collected from the DWH spill prolonged the action potential of isolated cardiomyocytes from juvenile bluefin and yellowfin tunas, through the blocking of the delayed rectifier potassium current ( I Kr ). Crude oil exposure also decreased calcium current ( I Ca ) and calcium cycling, which disrupted excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes. Our findings demonstrate a cardiotoxic mechanism by which crude oil affects the regulation of cellular excitability, with implications for life-threatening arrhythmias in vertebrates.
Challenging issues in surgical critical care, trauma, and acute care surgery: A report from the critical care committee of the American association for the surgery of trauma

Critical care workforce analyses estimate a 35% shortage of intensivists by 2020 as a result of the aging population and the growing demand for greater utilization of intensivists. Surgical critical care in the U.S. is particularly challenged by a significant shortfall of surgical intensivists, with only 2586 surgeons currently certified in surgical critical care by the American Board of Surgery, and even fewer surgeons (1204) recertified in surgical critical care as of 2009. Surgical critical care fellows (160 in 2009) represent only 7.6% of all critical care trainees (2109 in 2009), with the largest number of critical care fellowship positions in internal medicine (1472, 69.8%). Traditional trauma fellowships have now transitioned into Surgical Critical Care or Acute Care Surgery (trauma, surgical critical care, emergency surgery) fellowships. Since adult critical care services are a large, expensive part of U.S. healthcare and workforce shortages continue to impact our healthcare system, recommendations for regionalization of critical care services in the U.S. is considered. The Critical Care Committee of the AAST has compiled national data regarding these important issues that face us in surgical critical care, trauma and acute care surgery, and discuss potential solutions for these issues.
Characterization of photolyzed elastomers

The extent of photolysis of the surface of an elastomer may be characterized semiquantitatively by utilizing the physical model of a two-ply stressed beam. A brief mathematical exposition is given. This permits a numerical estimate of the degree of chain scission and crosslinking occurring in the surface during photolysis.
Non-renewable resource depletion and reinvestment: issues and evidence for an oil-exporting country*

This essay offers a limited study of income sustainability for one oil-exporting country: Iraq. The nature of the study motivates a discussion of some theoretical issues concerning levels of non-renewable resource depletion and re-investment as well as related questions about the substitutability of man-made and natural capital and critical natural capital. The results of the study, which decomposes oil revenues into consumption and capital portions, suggest that the re-investment in physical capital offset the depletion of natural assets arising from oil extraction in the period under consideration. Because of the lack of data, a complete study of the capital balance is not feasible. Consequently the findings are tentative.
Initial experience with combined endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization for post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity: the importance of prepontine cistern status and the predictive value of FIESTA MRI imaging

Purpose Post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus of prematurity (PHHP) is among the most common causes of infant hydrocephalus in developed nations. This population has a high incidence of shunt failure, infection, and slit ventricle syndrome. Although effective for other etiologies of infant hydrocephalus, the efficacy of combined endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization (ETV/CPC) in PHHP has not been investigated. This pilot study reports the initial experience.
Modeling occupant-level injury severity: An application to large-truck crashes

Most of the injury-severity analyses to date have focused primarily on modeling the most-severe injury of any crash, although a substantial fraction of crashes involve multiple vehicles and multiple persons. In this study, we present an extensive exploratory analysis that highlights that the highest injury severity is not necessarily the comprehensive indicator of the overall severity of any crash. Subsequently, we present a panel, hetroskedastic ordered-probit model to simultaneously analyze the injury severities of all persons involved in a crash. The models are estimated in the context of large-truck crashes. The results indicate strong effects of person-, driver-, vehicle-, and crash-characteristics on the injury severities of persons involved in large-truck crashes. For example, several driver behavior characteristics (such as use of illegal drugs, DUI, and inattention) were found to be statistically significant predictors of injury severity. The availability of airbags and the use of seat-belts are also found to be associated with less-severe injuries to car-drivers and car-passengers in the event of crashes with large trucks. Car drivers' familiarity with the vehicle and the roadway are also important for both the car drivers and passengers. Finally, the models also indicate the strong presence of intra-vehicle correlations (effect of common vehicle-specific unobserved factors) among the injury propensities of all persons within a vehicle. Keywords: Driver distraction; Language: en
Temperature effects of intraventricular serotonin, norepinephrine and pilocarpine in the morphine-tolerant rat.

Abstract Studies were undertaken to examine the possibility that changes occur in the responsiveness of thermoregulatory neurons in the anterior hypothalamus to endogenously released neurotransmitters upon the development of tolerance to morphine. In experiments conducted at an environmental temperature of 20–21°C, tolerance produced by the subcutaneous implantation of morphine alkaloid pellets failed to alter the temperature response of rats to intraventricular injections of 5-HT (10 μg), NE (20 μg) or pilocarpine (100 μg). It is concluded that tolerance development to morphine-induced hypothermia is not a result of changes in the postsynaptic sensitivity to the putative neurotransmitters in the thermoregulatory center.
PB1 domain interaction of p62/Sequestosome 1 and MEKK3 regulates NF-κB activation

p62/Sequestosome 1 is a scaffold protein involved in the regulation of autophagy, trafficking of proteins to the proteasome, and activation of NF-κB. p62 encodes an N-terminal PB1 domain in addition to the ZZ domain, TRAF6-binding domain, LC3 interaction region, and ubiquitin-associated domain, each critical for the physiological function of p62. PB1 domains have a β-grasp topology where the front end of one PB1 domain binds the back end of a second PB1 domain. The p62 PB1 domain homodimerizes as well as heterodimerizes with other PB1 domains. The front end of the PB1 domain in p62 binds the PB1 domain of atypical protein kinases C, the MAPK kinase, MEK5, and the NBR1 protein. Other than its role in homodimerization, the rear end acidic cluster region of the p62 PB1 domain had no previous defined binding partners. Herein, we demonstrate that the rear end acidic cluster region of the p62 PB1 domain binds the front end basic region of the MAPK kinase kinase, MEKK3. p62 and MEKK3 co-localize in speckles or aggregates that are centers for organizing TRAF6-regulated NF-κB signaling and the assembly of polyubiquinated proteins sorting to sequestosomes and proteasomes. The p62-MEKK3 complex binds TRAF6, which regulates the ubiquitination of the IKK complex and NF-κB activation. p62 is required for the association of MEKK3 with TRAF6 and short hairpin RNA knockdown of p62 inhibits IL-1 and MEKK3 activation of NF-κB. The rear end acidic cluster of the p62 PB1 domain is used to organize cytosolic aggregates or speckles-associated TRAF6-p62-MEKK3 complex for control of NF-κB activation.
A “Mix and Match” Ionic−Covalent Strategy for Self-Assembly of Inorganic Multilayer Films

Multilayer thin films consisting of anionic α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) sheets, tetrameric zirconium hydroxide cations [Zr4(OH)8(H2O)16]8+ (Zr48+), and alkanediylbis(phosphonic acid) (CnBPA) have been grown on silicon and gold surfaces by sequential adsorption reactions. The thin films were characterized by ellipsometry, X-ray diffraction, reflectance infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Alternately dipping cationic substrates into exfoliated α-ZrP-containing suspensions, aqueous zirconium oxychloride, and ethanolic C16BPA solutions generates a mixed ionic/covalent multilayer structure. The tetrameric Zr48+ cation adsorbs onto the α-ZrP surface, providing a covalent anchoring point for the growth of the C16BPA layer. Adsorbing a second layer of zirconium ions onto the C16BPA layer allows one to continue the layer growth sequence using either covalent (metal/phosphonate) or ionic (α-ZrP/polycation) interlayer connections. A multilayer film with...
Progressive dimensionality reduction by transform for hyperspectral imagery

This paper develops to a new concept, called progressive dimensionality reduction by transform (PDRT), which is particularly designed to perform data dimensionality reduction in terms of progressive information preservation. In order to materialize the PRDT a key issue is to prioritize information contained in each spectral-transformed component so that all the spectral transformed components will be ranked in accordance with their information priorities. In doing so, projection pursuit (PP)-based dimensionality reduction by transform (DRT) techniques are developed for this purpose where the Projection Index (PI) is used to define the direction of interestingness of a PP-transformed component, referred to as projection index component (PIC). The information contained in a PIC is then calculated by the PI and used as the priority score of this particular PIC. Such a resultant PDRT is called progressive dimensionality reduction by projection index-based projection pursuit (PDR-PIPP) which performs PDRT by retaining an appropriate set of PICs for information preservation according to their priorities. Two procedures are further developed to carry out PDR-PIPP in a forward or a backward manner, referred to forward PDR-PIPP (FPDR-PIPP) or backward PDRT (BPDR-PIPP), respectively, where FPDR-PIPP can be considered as progressive band expansion by starting with a minimum number of PICs and adding new PICs progressively according to their reduced priorities as opposed to BPDRT which can be regarded progressive band reduction by beginning with a maximum number of PICs and removing PICs with least priorities progressively. Both procedures are terminated when a stopping rule is satisfied. The advantages of PDR-PIPP allow users to transmit, communicate, process and store data more efficiently and effectively in the sense of retaining data integrity progressively.
Non-anticomplementary activity of lepidopterous hemolymph

Abstract Complement-fixation tests showed no anticomplementary activity by hemolymph from Bombyx mori, Estigmene acrea, Heliothis zea, Spodoptera frugiperda , and Trichoplusia ni . Also, hemolymph lacked the activity of typical complement. Results were obscured by melanization in 1:2 to 1:4 dilutions of hemolymph; at higher dilutions, melanization was not observed.
Children’s Work in Nigeria: Exploring the Implications of Gender, Urban–Rural Residence, and Household Socioeconomic Status

Child labor in developing countries continues to be a topic of policy and academic concern, particularly in Africa where there are more working children than in any other region. Scholarly attention has been drawn in part to gender, place of residence, and socioeconomic status as factors that shape the type of work that children perform and whether it impacts educational attainment. I explore these issues in the context of Nigeria through analysis of data from the 2004 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey EdData Survey. A series of logistic regression models of child labor confirm the existence of gender and, especially, socioeconomic disparities in children’s work. The data also indicate that girls and rural children face a double risk of working if they belong to poor households. A policy implication is that poverty alleviation programs—such as Mexico’s Oportunidades program (the erstwhile PROGRESA)—may help to reduce those forms of child labor that interfere with schooling. That this program has been found to more beneficial for girls suggests it may be particularly appropriate for Nigeria where gender disparities persist.
An Old Problem Needs a New Solution: Incorporating Librarian-Led Legal Research Instruction into Directed Research

This article discusses how Rutgers School of Law–Camden implemented a new pilot program for directed research that was designed to help improve students’ research and writing skills through mandatory research and writing instruction.
Sterilization of contaminated matter with an atmospheric pressure plasma

The primary methods now used to sterilize contaminated media (infectious waste, tools, liquids, ...) are exposure to UV radiation, incineration, or autoclaving. These methods have recently raised public controversies concerning their environmental effects and other health issues. In an attempt to eliminate these drawbacks, new approaches based on different technologies are being investigated. Irradiation by electron beam is an example of such new sterilization means. This paper describes a new sterilization technique which has recently been developed at the Plasma Science Laboratory of the University of Tennessee. This technique involves the generation and use of a glow discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure. The fact that no pressurized or vacuum system is needed in this apparatus makes this sterilization method practical, economical, and technically very attractive. The plasma, in which the medium to be sterilized is immersed, is generated between two insulated metal plate electrodes powered by a low-frequency RF supply. Inside the plasma, the medium is constantly bombarded by charged particles, active free radicals, and radiation (including UV radiation). It is found that an exposure of a few minutes is sufficient to destroy the microorganisms living in the exposed medium, without damaging the medium itself.
Emergent Potential Communicative Behaviors in Adults With the Most Severe Intellectual Disabilities

Partner-perceived communication behaviors are catalogued from four institutionalized adults with severe intellectual disabilities who are not intentional communicators. These behaviors have been ob...
Processing and structure of gallium nitride—gallium oxide platelet nanostructures

Abstract Gallium nitride–gallium oxide structures were formed by heat-treating gallium nitride (GaN) powders in several gas environments at temperatures from 400°C to 900°C. The platelet nanostructured particles were examined at several stages of oxidation by microscopic, structural, chemical and optical spectroscopic techniques. Particle morphology, nanophase characterization and photoluminescence data showed that the oxide layers passivate the GaN platelets surfaces and significantly reduce the yellow emission while enhancing near band-edge emission.
Defining tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-responsiveness in PKU.

# SSIEM and Springer 2007 BH4-responsive hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA) is a recently described variant of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency caused by specific mutations in the PAH gene. Diagnosis is performed by the tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) loading test (20 mg/kg body weight) and the overall prevalence of BH4-responsiveness within patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) for blood phenylalanine reduction of 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% was found to be 48%, 38%, 31% and 24%, respectively, 8 h after the administration, and 55%, 46%, 41% and 33%, respectively, 24 h after the administration. Using the standard 30% cut-off, BH4-responsiveness was similar regardless of the two modalities in patients with mild hyperphenylalaninaemia (79–83% responders), mild PKU (49–60% responders), and classical PKU (7–10% responders). About 46% of all HPA patients
Efficacy of early post-transplant herbicides in leeks (Allium porrum L.).

Abstract Three field studies were conducted to determine the selectivity on leeks ( Allium porrum L.) of early post-transplant herbicides and their efficacy on weed populations and crop yields. Herbicide treatments were cinmethylin, metolachlor, oxyfluorfen, prodiamine, and pendimethalin. Both a non-treated and a weed-free control were added. The most common species were the broadleaved weeds Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. , Rorippa teres (Michx.) Stuckey, Geranium carolinianum L., Amaranthus viridus L., and Solanum americanum P. Mill., while Paspalum distichum L. was the most predominant grass species. The herbicides providing the most consistent season-long weed control were metolachlor, oxyfluorfen, prodiamine, and pendimethalin. Plots treated with metolachlor, prodiamine, and pendimethalin had the highest yields and plant vigor and were comparable to those for the weed-free control plots.
A common mechanism for mitotic inactivation of C2H2 zinc finger DNA-binding domains

Many nuclear proteins are inactivated during mitotic entry, presumably as a prerequisite to chromatin condensation and cell division. C2H2 zinc fingers define the largest transcription factor family in the human proteome. The linker separating finger motifs is highly conserved and resembles TGEKP in more than 5000 occurrences. However, the reason for this conservation is not fully understood. We demonstrate that all three linkers in the DNA-binding domain of Ikaros are phosphorylated during mitosis. Phosphomimetic substitutions abolished DNA-binding and pericentromeric localization. A linker within Sp1 was also phosphorylated, suggesting that linker phosphorylation provides a global mechanism for inactivation of the C2H2 family.
Simplified steady-state modeling for variable speed compressor

Abstract This paper presents a detailed analysis of semi-empirical methods to calculate mass flow rate, shaft power and discharge temperature for three types of variable speed compressors: reciprocating, scroll and piston rotary. The proposed methods are an integration of physical-based models for constant speed compressor and the physical characteristics of volumetric efficiency and isentropic efficiency between different speeds. The physical-based models were first validated with good agreement with experimental data from publication for the three types of constant speed compressors. The comparison between modeling results and experimental data from publication for the three types of variable speed compressors shows the RMS errors are less than 3%, 3% and 3 °C for refrigerant mass flow rate, compressor power input and discharge temperature, respectively. The model of variable speed compressor will allow the reduction of the number of experimental data required to characterize variable speed compressor behavior in the modeling of refrigeration systems because of its physical mechanisms.
Angarsk as a Challenge for the East Asian Energy Community

The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 11, 2004, Page 104-128 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i11.110
A general model of microcirculatory blood flow effects in gradient sensitized MRI

A general expression is derived for the NMR signal from a fluid undergoing random directional flow such as encountered within the microcirculation. The dependence of the echo amplitude on flowvelocity, sample morphology, and experimental parameters are described in terms of a temporal velocity autocorrelation function. The width of the correlation function determines whether the flow can properly be described as diffusive. Comparison is made between the velocity autocorrelation method outlined here and the IVIM model for tissue perfusion. Conditions for the validity of the latter approach for extracting physiologic information from apparent diffusionmeasurements are discussed. The approach outlined leads to a more robust measure of microcirculatory blood velocity from NMRmeasurements.
Single crystal growth of Zn3P2

A closed-tube horizontal vapor transport system has been used for the growth of large single crystals of Zn3P2. Crystals were grown both with and without iodine chemical transport. The temperature profiles used and growth rate variations are described. When low concentrations of iodine on the order of 5–10 mg/cm3 were used an enhancement in growth rate was found, whereas a reduction in growth rate was found for larger iodine concentrations on the order of 25 mg/cm3. The dimensions of the largely single crystals were 1.2 cm in diameter and 4 cm long. The as-grown resistivities for the crystals grown by both techniques were on the order of 50 Ω cm.
Vertical control surveys for reconnaissance maps

Much of the previously unmapped area of the world has now been covered with high oblique aerial photography by the United States Army Air Forces. Future expeditious use of these data for the preparation of reconnaissance topographic maps requires several known elevations per hundred square miles. An economical method of developing such control is described herein.