cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On-site to on-line: Barriers to the use of computers for continuing education

Background: Continuing education/continuing medical education (CE/CME) programs that adopt self-directed, computer-based instruction formats via the Internet or CD-ROM can ease the demands placed on clinicians who are required by licensing boards to accumulate CE/CME credits as part of their career-long learning. Despite the benefits and availability of computer-based instruction, on-site programs still dominate current CE/CME delivery modes. In order to increase the use of computer-based CE/CME programs, it is important to identify the barriers that inhibit their use. Method: A survey was conducted to assess the practices, preferences, and barriers to use of CE/CME delivery methods among physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants in Nevada. Results: Of 3,213 surveys sent, 1,120 were completed and returned for an overall response rate of 35%. In-person conferences (93%) and print-based methods (66%) were the most frequently reported methods of acquiring CE/CME. The majority of respondents had access to computer-based technologies. Respondents with more years in clinical practice were less likely to have access to or to use computer-based technologies. The top three preferred CE/CME delivery modes, in rank order, were in-person conferences, print-based self-study, and CD-ROM. The least preferred method of receiving CE/CME was interactive audioconference (telephone conference calls). “Not knowing how” was the most frequently reported reason for not using the Internet for computer-based training and the second most frequent reason for not using a CD-ROM. Implications: Program planners may wish to offer training in new technologies during on-site conferences, provide CD-ROMs as take-home instructional materials, or promote technology awareness in other ways to help clinicians prepare for changes in the electronic delivery of health care and education.
The Effects of Visual Masking on Recognition: Similarities to the Generation Effect

Abstract Previous research has shown that stimuli that are masked during encoding are remembered better than stimuli that are unmasked (Nairne, 1988). Four experiments were conducted that demonstrate several limitations to this effect. A recognition advantage for masked items over unmasked items was not found when the stimuli were unfamiliar low-frequency words and nonwords. A recognition advantage was also not found when the encoding task discouraged a cursory reading of the unmasked items and when masking was manipulated as a between-subjects variable. These boundary conditions resemble ones found in previous studies of the generation effect.
Cooling of gases by laser radiation

It is shown that a low-density gas can be cooled by illuminating it with intense, quasi-monochromatic light confined to the lower-frequency half of a resonance line's Doppler width. Translational kinetic energy can be transferred from the gas to the scattered light, until the atomic velocity is reduced by the ratio of the Doppler width to the natural line width.
Resolution Matrices in Time-Lapse Gravity Gradiometry Imaging

Summary We partially form the nonlinear resolution matrix for a synthetic time-lapse gravity gradiometry experiment based on an actual survey acquired in Colorado in 2005. Through computing the columns of the resolution matrix, we quantify the resolution as a function of the sparseness of data coverage and as a function of LP-norm ( 2 1 ≤ ≤ p ) applied to the model space. The results of this work can be used to optimize sensor placement in time-lapse surveys as well as understand if the changes observed in time-lapse imaging are real (i.e. sufficient resolution exists within the model). This is, in essence, a nonlinear model appraisal due to the LP-norm, which favors the recovery of sharp density contrasts, and the use of logarithmic barrier constraints in the inversion process which provides realistic bounds for the recovered density. Therefore, the resolution matrix can be used in a post-processing mode or for planning a deployment. In pre-deployment calculations, the resolution matrix is used to understand the balance between maximizing sensor placement and unrealistic computation time due to use of an LP-norm to recover increased model performance.
Complete Superior Vena Cava Obstruction

![Figure][1] [![Graphic][3] ][3][![Graphic][4] ][4] Magnetic resonance venography was performed to better understand venous anatomy in a woman with failed pacemaker implantation. Compared with a healthy subject (A) , her maximal intensity projection images (B) showed an absent
Processes affecting the distribution and transport of suspended matter in the northeast Gulf of Alaska

Abstract The seasonal distributions of suspended particulate matter in the northeast Gulf of Alaska were studied and compared with local currents during 1975–1976. East of Kayak Island, the circulation patterns were dominated by the influence of the Alaska Current, which contacts the continental shelf east of Icy Bay and flows westward along the shelf edge. Suspended material from the coastal streams that drain the Bering, Guyot, and Malaspina glaciers was carried westward along the coastline and deposited in near-shore environments. Time series measurements near the shelf edge indicated that tidal and storm-induced bottom currents caused bottom sediments to be resuspended with significant onshore transport occuring storm events. Over the region between Kayak Island, Middleton Island, and the Copper River Delta circulation responded to local forcing by wind and river discharge in nearshore waters and to the Alaska Current at the shelf edge. Two quasipermanent gyres dominated the circulation in this area. The inner gyre was cyclonic and caused suspended matter from the Copper River to be transported to the west along the coast, with part of the terrigenous material passing into Prince William Sound from either side of Hinchinbrook Island and the remainder carried to the southwest along the southern coast of Montague Island. The outer gyre was anticyclonic and in conjunction with coastal flow diverted by Kayak Island caused terrigenous material from either side of the island to be transported offshore past the edge of the outer shelf in the near-surface waters. In near-bottom waters, offshore transport of resuspended sediments appeared to be associated with downslope movement of cold, dense, near-shore water, which forms during winter and augments wind-driven downwelling. These episodic processes are expected to occur frequently if not regularly. Therefore, on geologic time scales they might represent significant mechanisms for transporting terrigenous material offshore.
Partial COL1A2 gene duplication produces features of osteogenesis imperfecta and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VII.

Type I collagen is the most abundant structural protein in the mammalian body. It exists as a heterotrimer of two subunits in the form [α1(I)]2α2(I). Pathogenic mutations in COL1A1 and COL1A2, the genes that encode the two subunits, cause a range of phenotypes including mild to lethal forms of osteogenesis imperfecta and a restricted set of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome phenotypes. Lethal mutations usually result from missense mutations that disrupt the normal triple helical structure of the molecule. Multi-exon duplication or deletion in type I collagen genes has rarely been observed and has generally resulted in a lethal or severe phenotype. We report a partial duplication in the COL1A2 gene that causes a relatively mild phenotype, despite the addition of 477 amino acids to the triple helical domain of the proα2(I) chain. The abnormal molecule is synthesized and secreted by cultured dermal fibroblasts in a normal fashion. Electron microscopy of dermal tissue reveals small but otherwise near normal collagen fibrils. The gene duplication occurred by mitotic sister chromatid exchange in the mother who is mosaic for the duplication allele. Examination of the abnormal sequence suggests a means by which the duplicated molecule could be processed and properly incorporated into mature collagen fibrils.
Artificial intelligence development aids (AIDA)

AIDA is a suite of APL based functions, and an approach, to assist in the development of modules to perform artificial intelligence (AI) tasks within a computer based information system (CBIS) or decision support system (DSS). The AIDA functions provide four basic capabilities:string processing or character manipulationBoolean knowledge representationpredicate logic like knowledge representationa Boolean array based inference mechanism which helps identify parallel computation paths, has reversibility, and appears to improve performance by reducing rule visitsThis paper will describe some of the functions in AIDA, and briefly describe some of the systems developed with the help of AIDA. This should help demonstrate that APL is an excellent language for development of expert systems.
Unexpected Outcome of the Reaction of [(COD)2Rh2(μ-OH)2] with TREAT HF or 50% HF. Peculiar Structural Features and Diminished Fluoride Basicity of [(R3P)4Rh2(μ-F)2] (R = i-Pr, Ph)†

The reaction of [(COD)Rh(μ-OH)]2 with TREAT HF (Et3N·3HF) or 50% HF in THF unexpectedly produced no Rh fluoride species but rather [Rh3(μ-OH)2(COD)2]HF2 (1), in high yield. Single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction studies established the structure of 1 and confirmed that the product was homogeneous in bulk. The structure of [(i-Pr3P)4Rh2(μ-F)2] (X-ray) revealed a number of unexpected features pointing to a remarkably diminished basicity of the fluoro ligands.
GABAB auto- versus hetero-receptor sensitivity: implications for novel pharmacotherapy

Abstract After uncoupling G-protein dependent post-synaptic GABAB receptors — without altering GABAB nerve terminal receptors — we demonstrate that the GABAB agonist, CGP44533, exhibits less efficacy and potency at GABAB auto- versus hetero-receptors. CGP44533 (1 and 10 μM) depressed monosynaptic GABAA-mediated transmission by 2 and 35%, but depressed glutamate mediated transmission by 41 and 78%, respectively. These data suggest a differential pharmacological sensitivity for CGP44533 at glutamate versus GABA releasing neurons.
Physicians' influence on veterans' decision to use acupuncture.

Abstract Objective To compare patients' acupuncture use with physician's attitudes toward and history of referral for acupuncture. Methods A questionnaire was administered to patients of the Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the physicians whom they identified as most influencing their healthcare decisions. A total of 114 patients were matched with 33 physicians. Results Physicians' history of referral was not significantly related to patients' acupuncture use. Physicians' belief that acupuncture would increase patient satisfaction, however, was associated with higher rates of patient acupuncture use ( p =0.01). Qualitative analysis of an open-ended question that probed further into physicians' attitudes regarding acupuncture revealed three key themes: lack of knowledge about the treatment; misperceptions regarding availability of acupuncture at VA; and lack of VA providers to meet demand. Conclusion These results indicate that physicians' referral patterns are not associated with patients' acupuncture use. However, some evidence shows a link between patients' acupuncture use and physicians' beliefs that the treatment will increase patient satisfaction, showing that physician attitudes may have some influence on patients' acupuncture use. Practice implications In order to cultivate shared-decision making between patients and their physicians it will be important to address gaps in provider knowledge about acupuncture and its availability.
Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Hydrogen Sulfide Scavenging

Effective removal of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is one of the challenging problems associated with the production of natural gas. Since H 2 S is often present in natural gas along with varying levels of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), selective removal of HAS from sour gas in the presence of CO 2 is very important for cost effectiveness of a scavenging operation. For over ten years, triazine based scavengers have been successfully applied in the sweetening of natural gas. However, observations of the effect of CO 2 on the scavenging capacity of triazine based scavengers have not been very consistent. Initial documentation and case histories on performance of triazine based scavengers by Dillon [1,2] reported that CO 2 did not have any effect on the H 2 S scavenging capacity of triazine. However, recent studies by GRI [3] indicate that CO 2 significantly reduces the HAS removing capacity of triazine. To address this discrepency, this paper critically evaluates the effect of CO 2 on the scavenging performance of a triazine based H 2 S scavenger. Results from controlled laboratory experiments, using a wide range of CO 2 partial pressure and HAS to CO 2 ratios indicate that CO 2 has very little effect on the H 2 S scavenging performance of a triazine based H 2 S scavenger. Field data supports the observations made in the laboratory experiments.
Asymptotic Expansion of the Irregular Coulomb Function

It is shown that the irregular Coulomb Function ${G}_{L}$ can be expanded as an asymptotic power series in the energy, with coefficients which are expressible in terms of the modified Bessel function of the second kind. The form of the coefficients is the same as obtained by Yost, Wheeler, and Breit in an expansion of the regular function ${F}_{L}$ with the modified Bessel function of the second kind replacing that of the first kind of the same order.
Additional findings on heritability and prenatal masculinization of cochlear mechanisms: click-evoked otoacoustic emissions.

Abstract A previous demonstration of a substantial genetic contribution to the expression of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs) is here extended to an aspect of click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs). CEOAEs were measured in the same twins and non-twins used for the SOAE heritability study. The stimuli were 100-μs clicks presented at a nominal rate of 2/s; the emitted waveforms from 50 clicks were summed, and a 20-ms sample of that averaged waveform (beginning 6 ms after click presentation) was subjected to spectral analysis. The total power in the spectrum from 1 to 5 kHz in this temporal segment of the CEOAE waveform was used as the primary dependent variable. This overall power was significantly greater in female and right ears than in male and left ears, but the difference between dark- and light-eyed subjects was not significant. The overall power in the two left, and two right, ears of monozygotic co-twins was more highly correlated than in dizygotic co-twins, and structural modeling indicated that about 65–85% of the individual variation in the expression of CEOAE power could be attributed to genes—essentially the same heritability estimate as obtained previously from the SOAE data. Within-subject correlations between CEOAE power and number of SOAEs ranged from about 0.3 to 0.7, suggesting that these two forms of otoacoustic emission may depend upon somewhat different aspects of the same underlying mechanism and, thus, that heritability estimates based on one measure are not completely redundant to those from the other. While the average spectral power of the CEOAEs in opposite-sex dizygotic (OSDZ) females was smaller than that in same-sex dizygotic (SSDZ) females—and thus approached the value for males—the difference did not achieve statistical significance. Thus, the evidence for a prenatal masculinizing effect was less definitive in these CEOAE data than in the SOAE data obtained from the same subjects. An interpretation that accounts for both the CEOAE and SOAE results is that the strength of the so-called cochlear amplifiers is under genetic control that is to some extent mediated and/or modified through prenatal exposure to androgens. The indicated direction of effect is that weak cochlear amplifiers result when prenatal androgen levels are high. Under this view, then, androgen levels contribute both to the sex differences observed in otoacoustic emissions and the prenatal masculinizing effects observed in opposite-sex twins, and they may be a factor in individual differences in OAE expression as well. Additionally it is shown that, although the powers of the CEOAE waveforms were reasonably highly correlated for the two ears of subjects in all groups, and across MZ co-twins, cross-correlations on the fine structures of those same pairs of CEOAE waveforms were essentially zero—presumably owing largely to the synchronizing of (different) SOAE frequencies in the ears being compared.
Large straw-tube tracking chambers for AGS experiment E864

Abstract We have built two very large planar straw tube detectors with 4 mm diameter tubes for AGS experiment E864. This is a Au+Pb collision experiment at 11.5 AGeV/c, designed to search for strangelets and other novel forms of matter. A central collision trigger requires tracking chambers to operate in a high multiplicity environment, with as many as 200 hits per event in the first data run, which represented an occupancy of 20%. Each detector consists of three planes of tubes, a vertical X plane as well as stereo U and V planes. Each plane has two close-packed layers of tubes. One detector is 40 cm×200 cm and contains 3×960 tubes, and the other is 80 cm×400 cm and has 3×1920 tubes. The function of the detector is to achieve high mass resolution in tracking charged particles, and it has been successfully used during three data runs at the AGS.
Stages of change and possible selves: 2 tools for promoting college health.

When considering health promotion among college students, 2 questions that arise are how to (1) most effectively offer health initiatives and (2) motivate students to participate in these efforts. Objective: In responding to these questions, the author considered 2 health-promotion tools: the transtheoretical model and the concept of possible selves. Participants: There were 304 college students who participated in this study. Methods: To explore how such information can assist health-promotion planning by determining which behaviors to target and how to match interventions to the overall population's stage of change, the author had students report their stage of change for 6 health behaviors. In addition, to explore possible motivations for moving from the precontemplation to the preparation stage of change, the author had students generate future self-concepts regarding their health (health-related possible selves). Results: The number of illness-related possible selves cited was significantly related t...
Multipoint boundary value problems for nonlinear ordinary differential equations

Abstract In this paper we provide sufficient conditions for the existence of solutions to multipoint boundary value problems for nonlinear ordinary differential equations. We consider the case where the solution space of the associated linear homogeneous boundary value problem is less than 2. When this solution space is trivial, we establish existence results via the Schauder Fixed Point Theorem. In the resonance case, we use a projection scheme to provide criteria for the solvability of our nonlinear boundary value problem. We accomplish this by analyzing a link between the behavior of the nonlinearity and the solution set of the associated linear homogeneous boundary value problem.
JUDGING POLITICIANS' MANAGEMENT OF THE ECONOMY The Role of the Media

Media usage and content influence political issue positions, citizens' views of the political agenda, and even political cynicism, and most time-series studies of election-economic cycles have assumed that the media are essential transmitters of the information on which economic voting is based. This study of the way in which voters form judgments of the incumbent administration's economic policy performance argues that the ability to employ the mass media to evaluate policy is not uniform across the electorate. Those who can derive a coherent image of collective conditions from the media will weigh this information heavily in their judgments; others will emphasize personal financial conditions, as will those who suffer severe personal economic reversals. Stratifying a national sample by media usage and then analyzing the sources of economic policy ratings shows the effect of media usage on the opinion formation process which precedes economic voting.
Combined features of cubic B-spline wavelet moments and Zernike moments for invariant character recognition

In this paper a new method of combining cubic B-spline wavelet moments (WMs) and Zernike moments (ZMs) into a common feature vector is proposed for invariant pattern classification. By doing so, the ability of ZMs to capture global features and WMs to differentiate between subtle variations in description can be utilized at the same time. Analysis and simulations verify that the new method achieves better performance with respect to classification accuracy than using ZMs or WMs separately. In addition, this new method should also be applicable to other areas of pattern recognition.
Artificial Intelligence Design in a Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game

In this paper, we describe our experiences and lessons learned utilizing a rule-based system for implementing the AI in a multi-player online role playing game called Mythic. We explain how we organize AI rules, how those rules are assembled from a database, how sets of rules are assigned to game entities, the different sets of inference rules, the different phases of inference rules, and how we manage facts used by the inference engine. We also review some of the history behind the Mythic project, where it is headed, what a rule-based system is and why we chose to use one for our project. The result of our project is a design that allows us to have diverse AIbehavior and flexibility to reuse code to create new behaviors, but may prove to be inefficient if implemented on systems with a large number of players or many AI controlled game entities.
Evaluating conformance of UML models to design patterns

In this paper, we describe an approach to checking conformance of UML class diagrams to design patterns. The technique provides a set of checks that evaluate syntactic and semantic pattern conformance. Syntactic pattern conformance is concerned with structural conformance of a class diagram to the structural properties of a pattern. Semantic pattern conformance is concerned with conformance of invariants and pre- and post-conditions in a class diagram to semantic pattern properties. A class diagram is said to conform a pattern when it acquires both syntactic and semantic conformance.
Making light work-applications of lasers to chemical production

This review considers several applications of photochemistry to the synthesis of chemicals by industry. Factors relevant to the use of lasers by industry in the synthesis of specific chemicals are also considered.
Electronics in the National Curriculum

Many electronics teachers are asking whether the electronics specialist/enthusiast has a future role in the context of the National Curriculum. Yet more are seeming somewhat depressed by the apparent lack of a role for the subject pre-16. This concern and pessimism is not a view I hold; indeed I feel that much of the outstanding work that has been done by electronics teachers over the past few years is embodied and strengthened in the current (March 1990) proposals.
Time structures for abstract polysystems

1. Introduction . Various types of multiple-valued dynamical systems have appeared in the literature over the past twenty years ( 2 ). The motivations for such generalizations are varied, but among others, control theory plays a significant role. In a recent paper ( 2 ), Bushaw has introduced an abstract approach which consolidates a broad class of these dynamical systems. The model is a quasi-ordered set ( E , ρ); i.e. E is a non-empty set and ρ is a reflexive and transitive relation on E . E represents the ‘event’ space of some real-world system and ρ represents some class of ‘admissible’ inputs on the system; i.e. (e 1 , e 2 ) ∈ ρ if and only if there is an admissible input function which ‘shifts’ the system from event e 1 to event e 2 . ρ is called the attainability relation on E and the statement ‘ an event e 2 is attainable from an event e 1 ’ means that ( e 1 , e 2 ) ∈ ρ. Adopting the terminology of ( 2 ), we shall refer to the quasi-ordered set ( E , ρ) as a polysystem.
Successful recruitment and retention of Latino study participants.

A high prevalence of risk behaviors among the rapidly growing Latino youth population in the United States adds urgency to the need to identify effective recruitment and retention strategies for research studies and prevention programs. The objectives of this study are to (a) describe the culturally responsive recruitment and retention strategies used in the Familias Fuertes–Georgia program and (b) discuss the evaluation of the relative importance of these strategies. Familias Fuertes (i.e., Strong Families) is a community-based, primary prevention program for families in Latin America with children between the ages of 10 and 14 years. The main program goal is to reduce high-risk behaviors among adolescents by strengthening family relationships and promoting self-regulation and positive conflict resolution strategies. A pilot feasibility study was conducted to determine the appropriateness of the Familias Fuertes program for Latino families living in the United States. To promote participation, 15 cultura...
The marginal effects of hazardous alcohol use on the probability of behavioral healthcare utilization among National Guard members

Reads were then assembled to the rhesus genome and annotated using predicted and experimentally verified mRNA sequences. Results: The number of reads per animal ranged from approximately 1 to 10 million (median 6.5 million) and alignment to the rhesus genome ranged from 91.8% to 95.6% (median 94.3%). Of the 373 GPCRs targeted, 354 had complete coverage across the gene. Median coverage for the individual animals was 99.75%. Over 24,000 SNPs were identified including over 14,000 nonsynonymous and over 9,500 synonymous SNPs. As predicted, the majority of SNPs are singletons, though ∼1750 non-synonymous and ∼2900 synonymous SNPs were identified in multiple individuals. Among the non-synonymous SNPs identified in multiple individuals 14 were in the opioid receptors, 36 in the dopamine receptors, 59 in the serotonin receptors, and 2 in the cannabinoid receptors. Bioinformatic and functional characterization of these SNPs and others alongside humans are ongoing. Conclusions: We have identified a large number of potentially functionally relevant SNPs in genes associatedwith drug abuse and pharmaceutical efficacy. Elucidating genetic diversity improves the translational validity of models of addiction and furthers drug discovery and modeling of the pharmacogenetic effects observed in humans. Financial support: This project was supported by NIH grants: OD011103, AA019688. Additional support provided by the NEPRC Primate Genetics Core.
Women in Postrevolutionary Mexico: The Emergence of a New Feminist Political History

Olcott, Jocelyn. Revolutionary Women in Postrevolutionary Mexico. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005. Photographs, maps, tables, bibliography, index, 361 pp.; hardcover $84.95, paperback $23.95. Olcott, Jocelyn, Mary K. Vaughan, and Gabriela Cano, eds. Sex in Revolution: Gender, Politics, and Power in Modern Mexico. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006. Photographs, bibliography, index, 346 pp.; hardcover $79.95, paperback $22.95.
Influence of shape and perimeter length on induced color contrast

The magnitude of induced color contrast was measured for tests whose areas, perimeter lengths, and shapes were independently varied. Test shapes were smoothly contoured, multiple-lobed figures generated from unitary Fourier shape descriptors. The shapes had from 3 to 40 lobes and were equal in area to a disk of diameter 2 deg, with perimeter lengths of 1.25, 1.75, 2.25, and 2.75 times the circumference of a 2-deg disk. The surround was a 5-deg disk. The surround was modulated sinusoidally along one of the three cardinal directions of color space around an equal-energy white of 50 cd/m2. The observer nulled the modulation induced into the test by adjusting the amplitude of real modulation in the test. The amplitude of nulling modulation was the measure of induction. The main result was that the amount of induction was similar for all tests of equal area irrespective of the shape or the length of perimeter.
Out on their own: a test of adult-assisted dispersal in fledgling brood parasites reveals solitary departures from hosts

Brood-parasitic offspring sexually (mis)imprinting on the foster parents is considered one of the greatest constraints to the evolution of interspecific avian brood parasitism. While most nonparasitic juvenile birds learn the behaviours and mate choice preferences from their own parents, social parasites must avoid misimprinting on their host species' phenotype in order to accurately recognize conspecifics. One possible mechanism to assure accurate species recognition by juvenile parasites is to begin to associate with adult parasitic conspecifics, known as the ‘first contact’ scenario, whereby adult female parasites facilitate the dispersal of their offspring away from hosts, thus providing accurate referents for conspecific recognition. Using an automated radiotelemetry system, we determined the presence or absence (every 1–2 min during three breeding seasons; 516 315 search occasions) of radiotagged parasitic adult female brown-headed cowbirds, Molothrus ater , and compared their departures from a forest study site with those of genetic offspring or experimentally transplanted (nonrelated) juvenile cowbirds within the female's egg-laying range. Contrary to our predictions, we found no support for the facilitation of juvenile cowbird dispersal by adult female cowbirds. Juvenile cowbirds typically were not located within their mother's home range when departing the forest and, likewise, departure events for natal and experimentally transplanted juveniles (
The Life of the Law Has Not Been Logic: It Has Been Story

It probably comes as no surprise that principles of cognitive psychology are pretty important in persuasive writing. After all, the whole point of persuasive writing is to influence the thinking of the audience (the court). Judges are humans, so understanding how the human brain works is exceedingly useful to brief writers. And since cognitive psychology tells us that stories are central to human thinking, understanding how to present an effective story is essential to persuasive writing.But that is not to say that the doctrine of legal writing is limited to the course in persuasive writing. Storytelling pervades the law. Not just in the game changer cases like Brown v. Board of Education or Lawrence v. Texas (just two examples of cases where narrative reasoning was essential in order to effect major changes in the law). Storytelling is also embedded in many of what we sometimes think of as the logos rules. Take the law of negligence, for example. It looks like a logos-based, four-element test that is pretty straightforward and easy to apply (duty, breach of duty, proximate cause, damages). Law students are even encouraged to think of it in these simplistic terms. But in practice, how does one prove what the duty is without telling stories about what other human beings typically do in similar circumstances? Or whether an individual’s conduct measures up to, or falls short of, that standard? These applications of the rule involve judgment calls that can be resolved by the factfinder only through narrative reasoning. Similar examples can be found in every “doctrinal” course.The law does not live by logos alone. Pathos-based narrative reasoning is essential not only in applying the law to individual cases, but also to how judges craft the actual rules to be applied. Many, and probably most, “doctrinal” professors understand this, at least subconsciously. Every time they engage students in policy discussions about why the court changed a rule, they are actually (but maybe not explicitly) discussing how a client’s story was so powerful that it convinced the court of the need for change. Since the first-year course in legal writing is as much about legal analysis as it is writing, that course is a perfect opportunity to teach this process explicitly.
On the Dirac Theory of Spin 1/2 Particles and Its Non-Relativistic Limit

By a canonical transformation on the Dirac Hamiltonian for a free particle, a representation of the Dirac theory is obtained in which positive and negative energy states are separately represented by two-component wave functions. Playing an important role in the new representation are new operators for position and spin of the particle which are physically distinct from these operators in the conventional representation. The components of the time derivative of the new position operator all commute and have for eigenvalues all values between $\ensuremath{-}c$ and $c$. The new spin operator is a constant of the motion unlike the spin operator in the conventional representation. By a comparison of the new Hamiltonian with the non-relativistic Pauli-Hamiltonian for particles of spin \textonehalf{}, one finds that it is these new operators rather than the conventional ones which pass over into the position and spin operators in the Pauli theory in the non-relativistic limit. The transformation of the new representation is also made in the case of interaction of the particle with an external electromagnetic field. In this way the proper non-relativistic Hamiltonian (essentially the Pauli-Hamiltonian) is obtained in the non-relativistic limit. The same methods may be applied to a Dirac particle interacting with any type of external field (various meson fields, for example) and this allows one to find the proper non-relativistic Hamiltonian in each such case. Some light is cast on the question of why a Dirac electron shows some properties characteristic of a particle of finite extension by an examination of the relationship between the new and the conventional position operators.
Beyond Performance: The Reseller Salesperson as Brand Evangelist

Manufacturers and wholesalers distributing their products through retail channels depend heavily on retail salespeople to effectively interact with consumers on the supplier’s behalf. Retail salespeople frequently play an important role in the consumer’s purchase decision. Given retailers’ often wide brand assortment, capturing the attention and efforts of the retail salesperson can be challenging. However, since the retail salesperson serves as the manufacturer’s de facto contact point with the consumer, finding ways to increase the share of mind and effort among retail salespeople can be critical to the success of the brand. While salesperson performance in terms of sales is a natural concern for manufacturers and wholesalers, we suggest that there are also broader behaviors with which manufacturers and wholesalers should be concerned that contribute to the performance of the brand. Specifically, we study what leads salespeople to not only expend effort selling the brand, but also to contribute to the broader functioning of the brand in the marketplace. This supportive behavior, referred to as brand evangelism, is the salesperson’s propensity to actively recommend the brand to other people (even those who could not buy from him or her), to encourage retailer management and other employees to focus on the brand, and to verbally promote the brand with people he or she encounters. In this study, using an international sample of retail salespeople, the authors empirically demonstrate that manufacturers and wholesalers can create brand evangelists among retail salespeople by building strong attitudes toward the brand, the supplier representative, and consumer/trade promotions as partially mediated by brand identification. Salespeople who are brand evangelists not only expend in-role effort selling a brand, but also engage in extra-role promotion of a brand to management, coworkers, and the public.
Self-Peeling of Porous Nickel Foam from the Electrochemically Etched Porous Silicon

A low-doped p-type silicon wafer was wet-etched to form macropores in a high-aspect-ratio, straight and parallel manner along the Si (100) direction. It was then plated in aqueous alkaline solution containing Ni 2+ . Metallic Ni was rapidly deposited in the macropores on the sidewall surface without using a reducing agent or activation treatment at slightly elevated temperature. After being immersed for certain duration, the single crystalline Si of sidewalls was replaced by polycrystalline Ni while the initial porous structure was still maintained. When Ni became dominant in the entire porous regime, the porous film more than 200 μm thick was discovered to be able to peel off very easily from the Si substrate beneath. In this way, a piece of nickel foam with straight pores of very high aspect ratio is self-formed and self-peeled.
Radiologic Analysis of Non-bacteria Infectious Pneumonia in Children(A Report of 218 Cases)

Objective To study the X-ray characteristic of non-bacterial infectious pneumonia in children.Methods In 218 cases of non-bacteria infectious pneumonia, the pathogenic agents included influenza virus,parainfluenza virus,respiratory syncytial virus(RSV),adenovirus,mycoplasma(MYCO) and chlamydia.Of them,mono-pathogenic infection were 152,mixed infection were 66.All the cases had chest conventional radiograph,129 cases were followed up for 2 times or more.The average period of the follow up were 7 days.The findings of chest conventional radiograph were analysed.Results The radiographic features included lung marking heavy 197,disorder 187,straight 105 and obscure 194;pulmonary hilum enlarged 91,hilum obscure 93,emphysema 82,point opacities 81,pulmonary radio-translucent diminution 34,patch opacities 33.In 129 cases followed up the lesions were perfectly absorbed 9(6.97%),partly absorbed 56(43.41%),non-absorbed 53(41.08%),progress 7(5.42%).Conclusion The absorbed period of non-bacteria infectious pneumonia is more 7 days.There are some radiographic characteristcs in RSV and MYCO pneumonia.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and Lung Cancer Biology: Implications for Therapy

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family of transcriptional modulators. In addition to their known roles in regulation of metabolism and inflammation, PPARs have also been implicated in carcinogenesis based on studies showing their ability to modulate cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Of the 3 PPARs identified to date (PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ), PPARγ has been studied the most in part because of the availability of PPARγ agonists (also known as PPARγ ligands). In many tumor cells, including lung carcinoma cells, activation of PPARγ results in decreased cellular proliferation; this is particularly true for non-small cell lung carcinoma, the most common malignant lung tumor in the United States. Studies performed in xenograft models of lung cancer also show decreased tumor growth and progression in animals treated with PPARγ ligands. More recently, data are emerging from retrospective clinical studies that suggest a protective role for PPARγ ligands on the incidence of lung cancer. This review summarizes the available data that implicate PPARs in lung carcinogenesis while focusing on PPARγ as a potential target for the development of novel anti-lung cancer treatment strategies.
Progress of Inorganic Filler Composite Pulp for High Performance Papers

This review is of the research and development of inorganic filler composite pulps prepared by either lumen loading or micropore loading. These composite pulps are not only valuable for high performance paper but also suitable for environmental harmony due to its biodegradability and recyclability.This paper reports four kind of pulp and papers, i. e. (1) fiber lumen loaded with titanium dioxide by high turbulence (2) fiber lumen loaded with ferrite by high turbulence (3) fiber lumen loaded with ferrite by in situ chemical reaction and (4) fiber micropore loaded with nickel carbonate and calcium carbonate by precipitation method.It was suggested that the inorganic filler composite pulps should be of practical use for high performance papers in the future.
Weather Information for Garden City, 2015

Precipitation for 2015 totaled 23.27 in. This was 4.03 in. above the 30-year average of 19.24 in. and was nearly identical to 2014. Significant blowing dust was not observed in 2015. May and July had notably high precipitation with 6.38 in. and 5.36 in., respectively, which nearly doubled normal precipitation for these months. Hail was not observed in 2015. The largest daily rainfall was 1.94 in. on October 22. Sixteen days in May recorded measurable moisture.
Personal and Organizational Predictors of Compassion Fatigue Symptoms in Local Television Journalists

Compassion fatigue is a form of traumatic stress that results from repeated encounters with victims of trauma and traumatic situations. Most often studied in counselors, nurses, and first responders, this study applies the concept to journalists who often encounter the same victims and traumatic scenes. Seventy reporters from different television markets were measured for the personal and professional factors that contribute to compassion fatigue symptoms and its components of secondary traumatic stress and burnout. Results showed personal traumatic events and perceived peer support were the strongest predictors of compassion fatigue symptoms in television reporters. Implications for reporter self-care and newsroom protocols are discussed.
CMR fluoroscopy right heart catheterization for cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance: results in 102 patients.

Quantification of cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) are critical components of invasive hemodynamic assessment, and can be measured concurrently with pressures using phase contrast CMR flow during real-time CMR guided cardiac catheterization. One hundred two consecutive patients underwent CMR fluoroscopy guided right heart catheterization (RHC) with simultaneous measurement of pressure, cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance using CMR flow and the Fick principle for comparison. Procedural success, catheterization time and adverse events were prospectively collected. RHC was successfully completed in 97/102 (95.1%) patients without complication. Catheterization time was 20 ± 11 min. In patients with and without pulmonary hypertension, baseline mean pulmonary artery pressure was 39 ± 12 mmHg vs. 18 ± 4 mmHg (p < 0.001), right ventricular (RV) end diastolic volume was 104 ± 64 vs. 74 ± 24 (p = 0.02), and RV end-systolic volume was 49 ± 30 vs. 31 ± 13 (p = 0.004) respectively. 103 paired cardiac output and 99 paired PVR calculations across multiple conditions were analyzed. At baseline, the bias between cardiac output by CMR and Fick was 5.9% with limits of agreement −38.3% and 50.2% with r = 0.81 (p < 0.001). The bias between PVR by CMR and Fick was −0.02 WU.m2 with limits of agreement −2.6 and 2.5 WU.m2 with r = 0.98 (p < 0.001). Correlation coefficients were lower and limits of agreement wider during physiological provocation with inhaled 100% oxygen and 40 ppm nitric oxide. CMR fluoroscopy guided cardiac catheterization is safe, with acceptable procedure times and high procedural success rate. Cardiac output and PVR measurements using CMR flow correlated well with the Fick at baseline and are likely more accurate during physiological provocation with supplemental high-concentration inhaled oxygen. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01287026 , registered January 25, 2011.
Cooperative Strategies for Catalytic Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

This Perspective discusses catalytic hydrogenation reactions of alkenes, alkynes, and other unsaturated C-C substrates in which the catalyst design involves cooperative strategies that enable bifunctional H2 activation and delivery. These approaches complement the more traditional use of single-site precious metal systems for such hydrogenation reactions in homogeneous catalysis. Strategies included in this Perspective are cooperation between (a) a catalytic metal site and a basic ligand residue, (b) a catalytic metal site and an acidic ligand residue, (c) frustrated acid/base pairs, and (d) two co-catalytic metal sites. Unique reactivity and selectivity patterns with non-precious elements that have emerged from successful implementation of these strategies in catalytic transformations are emphasized.
COMPASS| Media Policy Research and Practice: Insights and Interventions ‒ Introduction

The question of impact looms over media policy scholarship. Despite engaging similar issues, media policy makers and communication scholars often diverge in defining the scope of the problems they address, with the former group largely guided by economic and legal analysis and influenced by partisan ideologies and political obligations. In the introductory essay for this Special Section, we highlight the value of communication scholars’ contributions to policy debates, particularly given their broader analytical frame and critical focus. Against this backdrop, we situate the Consortium on Media Policy Studies (COMPASS) program, which is designed to immerse students of communication policy in the policy-making processes to inform their research. As the contributions to this Special Section illustrate, this nexus of communication scholarship and policy-making practice yields important insights and interventions, shedding light on the most pressing policy issues we face today.
Parameter identification in the frequency domain

In studying vibrations of flexible structures, estimation of system parameters using observations in the time domain gave poor results when the observations contained several vibration modes. In response to this difficulty in using time domain optimization techniques, we attempted to carry out identification in the frequency domain. The underlying idea for this procedure involves taking the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the data and defining the cost function by using this transformed data and transforms of the model solution. In this paper we outline the theoretical foundations for general frequency domain parameter estimation techniques for second order systems described in terms of sesquilinear forms and operators in a Hilbert space. To illustrate the ideas and techniques, we apply them to the problem of estimating damping parameters in Timoshenko beams.
A reaction-diffusion model for market fluctuations - A relation between price change and traded volumes

Abstract Two decades ago Bak et al. (1997) [3] proposed a reaction–diffusion model to describe market fluctuations. In the model buyers and sellers diffuse from opposite ends of a 1D interval that represents a price range. Trades occur when buyers and sellers meet. We show analytically and numerically that the model well reproduces the square-root relation between traded volumes and price changes that is observed in real-life markets. The result is remarkable as this relation has commonly been explained in terms of more elaborate trader strategies. We furthermore explain why the square-root relation is robust under model modifications and we show how real-life bond market data exhibit the square-root relation.