cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurologic Complications of Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease (IgG4-RD)

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated systemic disease that has a particular predilection for glandular and connective tissue, including orbital adnexa and the pachymeninges. IgG4-RD enters into the differential diagnoses of numerous inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic disorders and has emerged as a unifying diagnosis for a number of conditions once considered unrelated but now recognized to be linked by consistent histopathological features across all organs affected. The histopathological hallmarks of IgG4-RD include a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with a predominance of IgG4-positive plasma cells, obliterative phlebitis, and storiform fibrosis. IgG4-RD generally responds well to high doses of glucocorticoids, but disease recurrences are common upon the tapering of glucocorticoids, and many patients are steroid dependent. Patients with IgG4-RD characterized by advanced fibrosis within affected organs may respond less readily to immunosuppressive therapy.
Impact of crosshatch patterns in H2RGs on high-precision radial velocity measurements: Exploration of measurement and mitigation paths with the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder

Teledyne’s H2RG detector images suffer from crosshatch like patterns, which arise from subpixel quantum efficiency (QE) variation. We present our measurements of this subpixel QE variation in the Habitable-Zone Planet Finder’s H2RG detector. We present a simple model to estimate the impact of subpixel QE variations on the radial velocity and how a first-order correction can be implemented to correct for the artifact in the spectrum. We also present how the HPF’s future upgraded laser frequency comb will enable us to implement this correction.
Sbir Programs and Product Commercialization: Kinetic Art & Technology - an Example

The SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research) program provides a way to assist entrepreneurs in commercializing their technology, and it provides government access to new technology. There are many issues facing technology start-ups. Some of the issues and possible responses are discussed. Kinetic Art & Technology (KAT) is an SBIR success story. With almost four million dollars in federal grant funds, the company developed and is commercializing new electric motor technology. The issues they faced and the decisions they made are key components of their success.
Explaining the influence of Maghrebi rivalries on Tunisian foreign policy

Regional rivalries, as hostile and violent relationships, offer powerful explanations of foreign policy behaviour of non-rivals, yet are seldom explored. The article argues for why rivalries should...
Book Review of: Project Finance by Clifford Chance, 1991

Project finance is one of those areas of corporate and banking practice that is relatively unknown except to its practitioners. The American Lawyer, for example, in its yearly supplement on major corporate transactions, does not list project finance even though loans to such transactions totalled close to $6 billion in the United States and Latin America in 1992. The general business press is no more informative than the legal press. ... Project Finance should help to rectify this situation. The author is the London-based firm of Clifford Chance, which has participated in project financings in power, infrastructure, oil and gas, petrochemicals, basic industries, mining, hotels, water and telecommunications.
DLchain: Blockchain with Deep Learning as Proof-of-Useful-Work.

Blockchains based on Proof-of-Work can maintain a distributed ledger with a high security guarantee but also lead to severe energy waste due to the useless hash calculation. Proof-of-Useful-Work (PoUW) mechanisms are alternatives, but finding hard puzzles with easy verification and useful results is challenging. Recent popular deep learning algorithms require large amount of computation resources due to the large-scale training datasets and the complexity of the models. The work of deep learning training is useful, and the model verification process is much shorter than its training process. Therefore, in this paper, we propose DLchain, a PoUW-based blockchain using deep learning training as the hard puzzle. Theoretical analysis shows that DLchain can achieve a security level comparable to existing PoW-based cryptocurrency when the miners’ best interest is to maximize their revenue. Notably, this is achieved without relying on common assumptions made in existing PoUW-based blockchain such as globally synchronized timestamps. Simulated experiments also show that the extra network delay caused by data transfer and the full nodes’ validation is acceptable.
Causative Agents in Clinically Significant Methemoglobinemia: A National Poison Data System Study.

Background Recognition of the agents most commonly implicated in causing methemoglobinemia can provide context for making therapeutic decisions and inform the diagnostic process. We evaluated the etiologic agents most commonly implicated in clinically significant methemoglobinemia using data from the National Poison Data System (NPDS). Study question What are the most frequent etiologic agents associated with clinically significant methemoglobinemia. Study design This was a retrospective cross-sectional chart review using electronic data from the NPDS. The NPDS database was queried to identify cases from July 1, 2007, to June 30, 2017, that were coded as methylene blue treatment recommended and/or performed. Cases were excluded if the substance(s) have never been known to cause methemoglobin or the substances suggested methylene blue was used adjunctively for refractory shock (eg, calcium channel or beta blocker). Multiple substance exposures were reviewed and substances not known to cause methemoglobinemia were excluded. Measures and outcomes The primary end point was to summarize the most frequent etiologic agents associated with the administration of methylene blue for clinically significant methemoglobinemia. Results There were 2563 substances reported in 1209 cases. After excluding coingestants and cases not associated with methemoglobinemia, there were 1236 substances. The top 4 substance categories were benzocaine, phenazopyridine, dapsone, and nitrates/nitrites. Conclusions This study reveals the relative contribution of various drugs and chemicals associated with methylene blue administration. Over two-thirds of all cases were associated with benzocaine, phenazopyridine, dapsone, and nitrates/nitrites.
Critical Online Service-Learning Pedagogy: Justice in Science Education†

In the year 2020 the world changed dramatically. We went from busy lives spent largely away from home to spending most of our time at home while daily facing deepening national crises. With the violent, needless death of George Floyd, the simmering tensions around race in America boiled over, sending thousands into the streets to protest racial injustices. The world of science education has largely avoided discussing racism in our classes, but we can no longer ignore it. The events of the spring and summer have highlighted our need to integrate conversations and reflections on justice into science education. In this work, we argue that service learning can build this understanding from both theory and experience. Using a critical online service-learning framework, we have developed a service-learning course that incorporates dialogic communication, cross-contextual reflections, and positioning oneself as an ally. This perspective allows science and the community to prioritize relationships and humanity and reflect on our roles as professionals using the online interacting space. This course, taught at the beginning of the pandemic, focuses on critical online service learning for those studying public health. We discuss the challenges we faced moving critical service-learning pedagogy online and the compounding issues brought on by the pandemic itself.
Brainerd Currie at Mercer: Two Versions

This Journal of Southern Legal History article was presented at the Georgia Legal History Foundation seminar and is based on many years of original biographical research on Brainerd Currie (one of the most influential law professors of his time, mostly interviews I conducted along with Prof. Bruce Posnak. Information for subsequent researchers regarding that resource is found in the first footnote. The article describes two versions of Brainerd Currie's early years and education, and contrasts the popular story of Currie, one of the law's intellectual heroes and a model law professor for a entire generation, arising out of nowhere with the more truthful realities of his formative days.
Sensorimotor debilities in digital cultures

This paper reflects on the qualities of living and learning in digital cultures, the design of digital technologies and the philosophical history that has informed that design. It takes as its critical perspective the field of embodied cognition as it has developed over the last three decades, in concert with emerging neurophysiology and neurocognitive research. From this perspective the paper considers cognitive, neurological and physiological effects that are increasingly becoming noticed in user populations, especially young populations. I call this class of conditions ‘sensorimotor debility’, to distinguish it from other psychological, social, cultural and political symptoms associated with computer, internet and social media use.
Hybrid layered video encoding for mobile internet-based computer vision and multimedia applications

Mobile networked environments are typically resource constrained in terms of the available bandwidth and battery capacity on mobile devices. Real-time video applications entail the analysis, storage, transmission, and rendering of video data, and are hence resource-intensive. Since the available bandwidth in the mobile Internet is constantly changing, and the battery life of a mobile video application decreases with time, it is desirable to have a video representation scheme that adapts dynamically to the available resources. A Hybrid Layered Video (HLV) encoding scheme is proposed, which comprises of content-aware, multi-layer encoding of texture and a generative sketch-based representation of the object outlines. Different combinations of the texture- and sketch-based representations result in distinct video states, each with a characteristic bandwidth and power consumption profile. The proposed HLV encoding scheme is shown to be effective for mobile Internet-based multimedia applications such as background subtraction, face detection, face tracking and face recognition on resource-constrained mobile devices.
The role of candidate genes in unraveling the genetics of autism

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of candidate genes in unraveling the genetics of autism. Autism is characterized by a behavioral phenotype, with no consistent physical stigmata on examination, a variable course, and a heterogeneous behavioral presentation. Teratogens are compounds that adversely affect prenatal development. The resultant birth defect depends on the dose of maternal exposure and gestational age at the time of exposure. Teratogens, responsible for human disorders, can be identified by examining epidemics and clusters and pursuing clinical impressions generated from case series. The heterogeneity of presentation and unpredictable inheritance suggest that the genetic factors responsible for autism are complex, and it is estimated that as many as ten genes are required for the underlying phenotype. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system has also been investigated in autism because of the comorbidity of seizures in probands and anxiety disorders in relatives and both the conditions are often associated with the GABA-ergic neurotransmitter system.
Chinese Movies and History Education: The Case of Zhang Yimou’s ‘To Live’

Using film to promote historical understanding is not a new phenomenon. However, such use presents difficulty when dealing with non-Western history, as sufficient care must be given to not engender historical misunderstanding and the reinforcement of stereotypes. Much of the research on teaching with film centers on Hollywood productions that typically embody a Western perspective. The problem is compounded by the fact that textbooks used in American classrooms offer only a limited presentation of such critical events in modern Chinese history as the Chinese Civil War, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution. Teachers can therefore greatly benefit from the use of additional background materials to teach this content more effectively. Using existing research on film in the classroom, this paper explores briefly the histories represented in some popular Chinese film, with a specific focus on Zhang Yimou’s To Live. It discusses how use of this film in particular can be used to assist students in constructing historical knowledge and understanding about China.
Planetary Detection Techniques: An Overview

Interest in the search for planets around other stars is due to its connection with SETI, the desire to understand the formation of stars and planetary systems, and curiosity about our place in the Cosmic Neighborhood. Proposed techniques include direct imaging, detection of transits, and detection of stellar radial velocity and positional perturbations. Each method has advantages and is effective at detecting different kinds of planets. The fundamental questions in this field should be answered during the next decade.
On the Complementary Structure of Reduced Order Filters

It has been known for some time that a class of unbiased filters has a complementary filter structure. We show that a similar result holds for the reduced order case.
Absorption of deuterium fluoride laser radiation by the atmosphere

Abstract : Absorption of deuterium fluoride (DF) laser radiation by atmospheric gases was measured for five absorbers and 8 laser lines using a single frequency, pulsed DF laser and a large multipass absorption cell. N2O, CH4, C2O, HDO and H2O absorption was investigated for the 2-1 P(6), P(7), P(8), P(10) , and P(11) lines and the 3-2 P(6), P(7), and P(8) lines of the DF laser. For the mid-latitude summer sea level atmospheric model (14.3 torr H20, 1.6 ppm CH4, 0.28 ppm N2O, temperature 296K, total pressure 760 torr) the total molecular absorption coefficients are between 0.318 per km and 0.116 per km corresponding to a transmittance over a 10 km path of from 31 to 73 percent. Assuming the mid- latitude summer model atmosphere, the water vapor continuum absorption coefficient for the eight lines is approximately 0.02 per km. The measured HDO absorption coefficients vary from 0.006 per km to 0.095 per km for the lines studied and the N2O absorption coefficients vary from .002 per km to 0.45 per km. The CH4 absorption coefficients were found to be on the order of 0.0001 or 0.0001 per km. The accuracy of the measured absorption coefficients is + or - 5%. Measurements of H2O absorption at 24 C with 14.3 torr H2O and 760 torr total pressure confirm the water continuum absorption coefficients obtained by extrapolating the high temperature measurements.
The upslope endfire ILS glide slope: a non-image system that accommodates rising terrain below the approach path

The glide slope component of the instrument landing system (ILS) has traditionally presented the greatest technical challenge when providing landing guidance for an airport. A major reason is that the typical ILS glide slope makes use of the ground as an image-forming plane to increase the effective vertical aperture and thus the resolution available from the guidance signal. Not only is a reasonably smooth ground (/spl plusmn/ 1 foot) desired, but the most simple, classic, null reference image glide slope cannot tolerate much of an upslope in the terrain under the approach path. The intent of this paper is to describe the upslope endfire system, discuss its mechanization and to present the results of the full scale testing and the monitor validations. >
Protecting Patient Privacy in the Age of Big Data

This essay discusses the threats to health privacy posed by “big data;” an ongoing revolution in data collection and processing. The essay takes the position that big data poses an exceptional group of problems for health care, its providers, researchers, and patients. Faced with increased privacy risks an exhaustive overhaul of HIPAA/HITECH is not proposed. Rather, this essay suggests an incremental approach, adopting aspects of the recent privacy proposals published by the White House and the Federal Trade Commission. The essay suggests that the battle to preserve health privacy needs to be fought on three fronts. First, while HIPAA/HITECH provides increasingly robust protections against unauthorized uses of health information by a relatively narrow set of traditional health care provider data stewards, it does almost nothing to regulate the collection of health data. It is time that the federal government put real limits on the collection and processing of personal information. Second, the U.S. has adopted a sector-based approach to data protection. HIPAA, as amended by HITECH, and the “privacy” and security regulations made thereunder apply only to a narrowly constructed version of the vertical health care market. Such sector-based approaches to regulation are frequently flawed because of poor calibration. Further, the very concept of health sector specific regulation is flawed because health related or medically inflected data frequently circulates outside of the traditionally recognized health care sector. Third, there is great value in patient information that could be extracted and used by responsible medical and public health researchers. Responsible public policy suggests that researchers should be able to request that information from patients. Many of the existing HIPAA and HITECH security and confidentiality protections apply here but are fundamentally flawed. Neither current policy nor regulations supply the key component: a coherent choice architecture for dealing with appropriate patient decision-making regarding research use of personal or familial health data.
Advancing Evidence-Based Practice - A Quarterly Compilation of Research Updates Most Likely to Change Clinical Practice

Level 1 [likely reliable] Evidence: research results addressing clinical outcomes and meeting an extensive set of quality criteria that minimize bias. Level 2 [mid-level] Evidence: research results addressing clinical outcomes and using some method of scientific investigation, but not meeting the quality criteria to achieve level 1 evidence labeling. Level 3 [lacking direct] Evidence: reports that are not based on scientific analysis of clinical outcomes. Examples include case series, case reports, expert opinion, and conclusions extrapolated indirectly from scientific studies.
Measuring readiness for change among crack cocaine users: a descriptive analysis.

This study examines the utility of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (URICA) in assessing stages of change status with a group of 235 crack/cocaine users who had received treatment for their drug use. Cluster analyses were performed and three subgroups representing differing levels of readiness to change were identified. The three clusters demonstrated no significant differences on most demographic characteristics and other areas of functioning assessed by the Addiction Severity Index (ASI).The three clusters also showed similar improvements between the intake and six-month follow-up in these ASI life domains. The implications of these findings are discussed. [Translations are provided in the International Abstracts Section of this issue.]
Getting to the Novel Ideas: Exploring the Alternative Uses Test of Divergent Thinking

The Alternative Uses Test is a measure of divergent thinking in which participants are asked to list non-obvious uses for a common object in a fixed amount of time. In this study, participants were asked to list alternative uses for a paperclip in three minutes. From a pool of over 2000 participants including engineering professionals and students, 293 were chosen and evaluated. Using infrequency of responses as a measure of novelty, it was found that participants that produced more responses had more novel responses and a higher average novelty score. Later responses were significantly more novel than early responses and unoriginality of responses decreased with quantity. On average, a participant would list 9 responses before arriving at highly novel responses. Participants that did not reach 9 responses in the study were likely to have few if any highly novel responses.If this test maps to real world problem solving, it suggests that the first ideas we think of are likely to have been suggested already by others and thus not original. The results of this study can help restructure the format of the Alternative Uses Test.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A Finite Element Analysis of the C2-C7 Sheep Spine

Due to the limited availability of human cadaveric specimens, sheep are often utilized for in vitro studies of various spinal disorders and surgical techniques. Understanding the similarities and differences between the human and sheep spine is crucial for constructing a valuable study and interpreting the results. Several studies have identified the anatomical similarities between the sheep and human spine; however these studies have been limited to quantifying the anatomic dimensions as opposed to the biomechanical responses [1–2]. Although anatomical similarities are important, biomechanical correspondence is imperative for studying the effects of disorders, surgical techniques, and implant designs. Studies by Wilke and colleagues [3] and Clarke et al. [4] have focused on experimental biomechanics of the sheep cervical functional spinal units (FSUs).Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Calorimetric unfolding of intramolecular triplexes: length dependence and incorporation of single AT --> TA substitutions in the duplex domain.

DNA triplexes have been the subject of great interest due to their ability to interfere with gene expression. The inhibition of gene expression involves the design of stable triplexes under physiological conditions; therefore, it is important to have a clear understanding of the energetic contributions controlling their stability. We have used a combination of UV spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) techniques to investigate the unfolding of intramolecular triplexes, d(AnC5TnC5Tn), where n is 5−7, 9, and 11, and related triplexes with a single AT → TA substitution in their duplex stem. Specifically, we obtain standard thermodynamic profiles for the unfolding of each triplex in buffer solutions containing 0.1 M or 1 M NaCl. The triplexes unfold in monophasic or biphasic transitions (triplex → duplex → coil) depending on the concentration of salt used and position of the substitution, and their transition temperatures are independent of strand concentration. The DSC curves of the unsubs...
Diffusion Across the Nuclear Envelope Inhibited by Depletion of the Nuclear Ca2+ Store

Intact, isolated nuclei and a nuclear membrane (ghost) preparation were used to study regulation of the movement of small molecules across the Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclear membrane. In contrast to models of the nuclear pore complex, which assume passive bidirectional diffusion of molecules less than 70 kilodaltons, diffusion of intermediate-sized molecules was regulated by the nuclear envelope calcium stores. After depletion of nuclear store calcium by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate or calcium chelators, fluorescent molecules conjugated to 10-kilodalton dextran were unable to enter the nucleus. Dye exclusion after calcium store depletion was not dependent on the nuclear matrix because it occurred in nuclear ghosts lacking nucleoplasm. Smaller molecules and ions (500-dalton Lucifer yellow and manganese) diffused freely into the core of the nuclear ghosts and intact nuclei even after calcium store depletion. Thus, depletion of the nuclear calcium store blocks diffusion of intermediate-sized molecules.
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in Kaluza-Klein theories

Abstract We study the bosonic spectrum of Kaluza-Klein theories by considering the symmetries of the vacuum. We find that the introduction of external gauge fields with non-vanishing vacuum expectation values affects the massless vectors and may break isometries of the internal space making the corresponding gauge vectors massive.
The effect of strain on gas–surface reactivity in group-IV heteroepitaxial systems

Abstract Supersonic molecular beam techniques have been employed to examine the dissociative adsorption of GeH4 and Si2H6 on strained Si1−xGex (0≤x≤1) epitaxial overlayers deposited on Si(100). Low-energy ion scattering spectrometry (LEISS) has been utilized to quantify in situ the topmost Ge surface composition of the Si1−xGex films. Through the measurements of reaction probability we find that these ultrathin strained semiconducting overlayers, both alloy and pure component (i.e., Ge/Si(100)), exhibit enhanced gas–surface reactivity when compared to their bulk (relaxed) counterparts, reflecting the critical role played by strain in these epitaxial overlayers.
Quasiintegrals of the photogravitational eccentric restricted three-body problem with Poynting–Robertson drag

A restricted three-body problem for a dust particle, in presence of a spherical cometary nucleus in an eccentric (elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic) orbit about the Sun, is considered. The force of radiation pressure and the Poynting– Robertson effect are taken into account. The differential equations of the particle’s non-inertial spatial motion are investigated both analytically and numerically. With the help of a complex representation, a new single equation of the motion is obtained. Conversion of the equations of motion system into a single equation allows the derivation of simple expressions similar to the integral of energy and integrals of areas. The derived expressions are named quasiintegrals. Relative values of terms of the energy quasiintegral for a smallest, largest, and a mean comet are calculated. We have found that in a number of cases the quasiintegrals are related to the regular integrals of motion, and discuss how the quasiintegrals may be applied to find some significant constraints on the motion of a body of infinitesimal mass.
Existence of the vortex solutions of some semilinear elliptic equations

The purpose is to extend the existence result of vortex solutions to semilinear elliptic equations for a large class of nonlinearities. M. I. Weinstein used variational techniques to show the existence of nodal solutions for the specific nonlinear term ψf(¦ψ¦)=ψ(1−¦ψ¦2). An ordinary differential equation phase space setting is used to show the unique transverse intersection of unstable and stable manifolds which contain the solutions satisfying the necessary boundary conditions under certain assumptions on the nonlinearity.
COMPARISON OF FEDERAL GUIDELINES FOR NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF A MAJOR OIL SPILL, ISLAND PARK, NEW YORK1

ABSTRACT Federal guidelines that outline a process for natural resource damage assessment have recently been published. The guidelines provide two types of assessment procedures that are referred to as Type A assessments and Type B assessments. The Type A procedures are for simplified assessments and use a computer model to measure in monetary terms compensation for injury to marine and coastal natural resources through the use of average values and approximations. The proposed Type A computer model was used to analyze a major oil spill that occurred in Island Park, New York, where the federal on-scene coordinator had attempted to evaluate the magnitude and severity of the spill. In this one instance, both field observations and the proposed Type A computer model characterized this major oil spill as having a limited impact on the environment. Oil and chemical spills are generally characterized only by the size of the release. Conceivably, the proposed Type A model could be used as a tool for characterizi...
NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project, Paper Three: The Impact of a Sponsor Letter on Mail Survey Response Rates

We describe the impact of two interventions in the design of mail surveys. The interventions were devised to increase response rates and to clarify sample eligibility. To test their effectiveness, the interventions occurred at different points in each of three surveys. One intervention was a letter from the research sponsor (NASA) supporting the research. The other intervention was the inclusion of a postcard that could be used by the respondent to indicate that the questionnaire was not appropriate for him/her. The sample was drawn from the membership of a professional aerospace research society, the American Institute for Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). Scientists and engineers are difficult to survey for two reasons. First, there are significant problems with the definition of scientists and engineers. Second, typically there are low response rates in surveys of this group. These two problems were found in the NASA surveys. The results indicate that the sponsor letter improved response rates under certain conditions described here. The postcards assisted in identifying non-eligible persons, particularly when the postcards accompanied a pre-survey letter. The implications for survey costs are discussed.
The singular submodule splits off

In the usual torsion theory over a commutative integral domain R, a significant place is occupied by the question of when “the torsion submodule t(M) of an R-module M is a direct summand of M” (hereafter referred to as “the condition”). Kaplansky [IO] h as shown that if the condition is satisfied by every finitely generated R-module, then R is a Pri.ifer domain; the converse is well known [2], Chapt. VII. Prop. 11.1. If the condition is satisfied by every R-module M, whose torsion submodule is of bounded order, Chase [3], Theorem 4.3, has shown that R is, then, a Dedekind domain; the converse has been shown by Kaplansky [II], Theorem 5. Finally, if the condition is satisfied by every R-module, Rotman [16] has shown that R is, then, a field. A well-known extension of the notion of the torsion submodule for modules over arbitrary rings is the notion of the singular submodule of a module [5, 7,9]. It is the purpose of this paper to investigate “the condition” of the preceding paragraph, in the context of the singular theory over a nonsingular commutative ring R. In short, if M is an R-module and Z(M) its singular submodule, we study the condition: “Z(M) is a direct summand of M”. It is worthwhile to note that the commutative nonsingular rings are precisely the commutative semi-prime rings [12], Ex. 1, p. 108. Throughout this paper, unless otherwise indicated, a ring R is a commutative ring with identity; all modules are unitary. For all homological notions, used in this paper, the reader is referred to [2].
Optimizing a manufacturing submicron CMOS process for low-voltage applications

A low threshold voltage (Vt) is desired to improve a CMOS circuit performance when operating at reduced supply voltages to save power. In this paper, a practical approach to reduce Vt for a conventional, manufacturing submicron CMOS process is presented. This `evolutionary' approach to reduce Vt is taken so as the ensure manufacturability and to reduce process cost. This is found to be useful especially before a deep-submicron or a sophisticated process targeted for low voltage application becomes available and manufacturable. Vt reduction is achieved by the integration of a thinner, in the case presented here a 105 angstroms, gate oxide into a 0.65 micrometers process. The process is then optimized to provide the device with highest current-drive while obtaining lowest Vt with acceptable subthreshold leakage with conventional front-end and back-end process. It is shown that, with the minimal changes to the 0.65 micrometers conventional manufacturing process, the Vt's for nominal n- and p-channel devices can be reduced by 20% - 30%, with more than 1.5X improvement in current drive at 3.3 V compared to devices with 150 angstroms gate oxide. The enhancement of circuit performance is demonstrated with measurements of benchmark circuits including CPU, ROM, and FSRAM, where successful operation has been obtained near IV and operating frequencies are nearly doubled at supply voltage near 1.6 V compared to conventional 0.65 micrometers process.
Unique Helicase Determinants in the Essential Conjugative TraI Factor from Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Plasmid pCU1

The widespread development of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a major health emergency. Conjugative DNA plasmids, which harbor a wide range of antibiotic resistance genes, also encode the protein factors necessary to orchestrate the propagation of plasmid DNA between bacterial cells through conjugative transfer. Successful conjugative DNA transfer depends on key catalytic components to nick one strand of the duplex DNA plasmid and separate the DNA strands while cell-to-cell transfer occurs. The TraI protein from the conjugative Salmonella plasmid pCU1 fulfills these key catalytic roles, as it contains both single-stranded DNA-nicking relaxase and ATP-dependent helicase domains within a single, 1,078-residue polypeptide. In this work, we unraveled the helicase determinants of Salmonella pCU1 TraI through DNA binding, ATPase, and DNA strand separation assays. TraI binds DNA substrates with high affinity in a manner influenced by nucleic acid length and the presence of a DNA hairpin structure adjacent to the nick site. TraI selectively hydrolyzes ATP, and mutations in conserved helicase motifs eliminate ATPase activity. Surprisingly, the absence of a relatively short (144-residue) domain at the extreme C terminus of the protein severely diminishes ATP-dependent strand separation. Collectively, these data define the helicase motifs of the conjugative factor TraI from Salmonella pCU1 and reveal a previously uncharacterized C-terminal functional domain that uncouples ATP hydrolysis from strand separation activity.
The effect of multiprocessor radius on scaling

In earlier work, it was established that, for a large class of linear partial differential equations (PDEs), increasing the problem size necessarily increases the amount of data that is needed to approximate the solution of some scalar value in the solution field. In consequence, increasing the problem size of these PDEs increases the execution time, independent of the algorithm, the number of processors, and the interprocessor communication network used to solve the problem. In this paper, the analysis is extended to take into account the effect of the radius of the interprocessor communication network on the growth in the execution time. It is shown that the increasing amount of data also contributes to an increase in the time spent in interprocessor communication in optimal parallel algorithms for the problem. In particular, for any physically-realizable multiprocessor, the time spent on interprocessor communication will be the dominant constraint on the performance of optimal algorithms when the problem and multiprocessor sizes are large.
Detection of focal hepatic masses: prospective evaluation with CT, delayed CT, CT during arterial portography, and MR imaging.

The sensitivities of contrast medium-enhanced computed tomography (CT), delayed CT (DCT), CT during arterial portography (CTAP), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for detecting focal liver lesions were prospectively evaluated in eight patients who subsequently underwent hepatic lobectomy or transplantation. Pathologic evaluation of the resected liver specimens demonstrated 37 lesions. The sensitivities were 81% (30 of 37 lesions) for CTAP, 57% (21 of 37 lesions) for MR imaging, 52% (12 of 23 lesions) for DCT, and 38% (14 of 37 lesions) for contrast-enhanced CT. The difference between the sensitivity of CTAP and the sensitivities of the other imaging tests was statistically significant (P less than .004). Of the lesions smaller than 1 cm in diameter, CTAP depicted 61% (11 of 18 lesions), MR imaging 17% (three of 18 lesions), CT 0% (zero of 18 lesions), and DCT 0% (zero of nine lesions). It is concluded that for preoperative detection of focal hepatic masses, CTAP is the most accurate technique available to most radiologists. Patients with primary or secondary hepatic neoplasms who are being considered for hepatic resection should undergo CTAP as part of their preoperative examination.
Benefits of a teacher and coach collaboration: A case study

Abstract This paper describes a case study of a math teacher working with a math coach and the effects of their interaction. A guiding question was whether the coaching intervention had affected the teacher's classroom practices and, if so, in what way. The study utilized data from teacher/coach planning sessions, classroom lessons, follow-up debriefing sessions, and interviews with the teacher, coach and school principal. These data enabled the author to study the impact, if any, of the coaching on teacher beliefs and practices. An important outcome was that new beliefs about mathematics education emerged from the teacher and that these beliefs were mirrored in various teaching practices.
Larval development of Ocypode quadrata (Brachyura: Crustacea) under laboratory conditions

The larvae of Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius) have been reared in the laboratory, from hatching to megalopa stage, at 35‰ S, 25°C. The five zoeal stages and the megalopa are described, including functional appendages of each stage. On the basis of morphological characteristics, the first zoeal and megalopa stages of O. quadrata can be distinguished from similar stages of closely related Ocypodinae. At 25°C, the megalopa appeared in a minimum of 34 days following hatching.
Production of IL-8 by Pulmonary Epithelial Cells in Response to Secreted Proteins of S. pneumoniae. • 736

Production of IL-8 by Pulmonary Epithelial Cells in Response to Secreted Proteins of S. pneumoniae . • 736
The sequences at the termini of four genes of the three reovirus serotypes

Abstract As judged by the ability of their genomes to hybridize, reovirus serotypes 1 and 3 are related to the extent of about 70%, but serotype 2 is related to serotypes 1 and 3 only to the extent of about 10%. By contrast, the antigenic determinants of most reovirus proteins are group specific, that is, they have been highly conserved during evolution. The exception is protein al, the type-specific antigen; and the Sl genes of the three reovirus serotypes, which code for protein σ1, are known to have quite dissimilar sequences at their 5′- and 3′-termini. We have now sequenced stretches about 70 nucleotides long at the ends of the Ll, M3, and S2 genes of the Lang (serotype 1), D5/Jones (serotype 2), and Dearing (serotype 3) strains of reovirus, and found that these regions are extraordinarily similar. For example, although the serotype 1 and 2 M3 genes are no more than 10% related as judged by ability to hybridize with each other, 61 of their first 66 5′-terminal residues are the same, and four of the changes are in third codon positions. Thus, like the sequences that code for the antigenic determinants, the sequences of the terminal regions of the reovirus genes, except those of gene S1, have been highly conserved during evolution.
Comparison of Three Progressive Exercise Protocols in Peripheral Vascular Occlusive Disease

Although claudication pain and hemodynamic responses to exercise are usually clinically assessed via graded treadmill walking, measuring these responses to other commonly performed tasks may yield a more nearly complete evaluation of peripheral vascular occlusive disease. Thus, the purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to determine the reliability of claudication and hemodynamic responses to level walking and stairclimbing and (2) to compare these responses with those obtained with graded walking at similar oxygen consumption. Ten patients with stable claudication symptoms performed graded walking, level walking, and stairclimbing progressive protocols with respective increases in grade, walking speed, and stepping rate on a modified stairclimbing device every two minutes. Similar peak oxygen consumption (13.60 to 14.18 mL/kg/min) was attained with the three protocols (P = NS). Reliability coefficients for the times to onset and to maximal claudication pain during level walking (R = 0.95 and 0.95, respectively) and during stairclimbing (R = 0.92 and 0.82, respectively) were similar to those previously obtained during graded walking. Reliability coefficients for foot transcutaneous oxygen tension during and following level walking (R = 0.78 to 0.96) and stairclimbing (R = 0.65 to 0.98) and for ankle systolic blood pressure following level walking (R = 0.95 to 0.97) and stairclimbing (R = 0.90 to 0.98) were also similar to those previously found with graded walking. Additionally, claudication and hemodynamic measurements were similar among the three exercise protocols. Thus, because graded walking, level walking, and stairclimbing progressive exercise protocols yield reliable and similar information about the hemodynamic severity of peripheral vascular occlusive disease, only one is needed for evaluation.
Effects of eszopiclone and zolpidem on sleep-wake behavior, anxiety-like behavior and contextual memory in rats.

At present, eszopiclone and zolpidem are the most commonly prescribed drugs for treating insomnia. Despite the established relationship between sleep disturbance and anxiety, it remains unknown whether targeted treatment for insomnia may affect acute anxiety. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of three different doses (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) of eszopiclone and zolpidem on the states of sleep and wakefulness, levels of anxiety-like behavior, and long-term contextual memory in footshock-induced anxious rats. The results of this study demonstrated that the administration of eszopiclone and zolpidem both were equally effective in attenuating footshock stressor-induced suppression of slow-wave sleep (SWS). The administration of eszopiclone at 1 mg/kg or zolpidem at 1 and 3 mg/kg doses showed a tendency for attenuating stressor-induced suppression of REM sleep. However, the REM sleep attenuating effects of these drugs disappeared when they were administered at higher doses. The administration of eszopiclone at 3 and 10 mg/kg doses and zolpidem at all three doses reduced the power of electroencephalographic theta band frequencies during wakefulness. In addition, the administration of eszopiclone at 1 and 3 mg/kg doses suppressed stressor-induced anxiety-like behavior. The administration of zolpidem at 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg doses was not effective in attenuating stressor-induced anxiety-like behavior. Contextual memory after administration of eszopiclone at 1 mg/kg dose had no effects, but was reduced significantly with increased dosage. Contextual memory after administration of zolpidem, at all three doses, was severely disrupted. The results of this study suggest that eszopiclone at a low dose could be used effectively to control anxiety and anxiety-induced insomnia.
Cell surface receptor expression patterns in osteosarcoma

BACKGROUND: Although the presence of numerous cell signaling receptors in osteosarcoma is known, their simultaneous characterization has not been performed to date. The current study sought to characterize and quantify the expression of cell surface receptors across a variety of osteosarcoma cell lines. METHODS: Standard (n = 4) and patient-derived (n = 10) osteosarcoma cell lines were cultured and labeled with antibodies to epidermal growth factor receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-2, HER-3, HER-4, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), IGF-2R, insulin receptor (IR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, c-Met, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-2, FGFR-3, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-β. Cell surface examination was performed using flow cytometry, and the geometric fluorescent mean for each receptor was calculated and compared against a positive control. RESULTS: Significant overexpression of IGF-2R was shown in all cell lines, with an average geometric mean above the upper expression quartile. A variable expression pattern was seen for c-Met, PDGFR-β, IR, IGFR-1, HER-2, and VEGFR-3 with expression values for the remaining receptors mainly in the lower quartile. An apparent association between the expression of IGF-1R and HER-2 and between the expression of PDGFR-β and IR was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: IGF-2R was consistently overexpressed on the cell surface across all tested osteosarcoma cell lines. Substantial, although variable, expression of c-Met, HER-2, IGF-1R, VEGFR-3, IR, and PDGFR-β was demonstrated as well, suggesting that these receptors may contribute to osteosarcoma aggressiveness and biological heterogeneity and may serve as potential targets within a subset of tumors. Associated receptor expression may provide new insight into common regulatory factors or pathways. Targeting either common factors or targeting multiple specific receptors may have therapeutic relevance. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Transient response analysis of structural systems with nonlinear behavior

Abstract This paper presents a mixed algorithm for integration of equations of motion for structural systems having evolutionary type models for cyclic behavior of their constituent elements. The global equations of motion are integrated using Newmark's method while the internal resisting forces are calculated using an explicit, fourth order Runge-Kutta scheme with the option of using a time-step smaller than that used for Newmark's method. The algorithm also takes advantage of the spatially localized nonlinear nature of the problem, in the case where nonlinearity is concentrated in discrete parts of the structure. As a numerical example, earthquake-induced response of a three-story steel frame tested on an Earthquake Simulator, is presented.
Absence of CFTR is associated with pleiotropic effects on mucins in mouse gallbladder epithelial cells.

Mucus of cystic fibrosis patients exhibits altered biochemical composition and biophysical behavior, but the causal relationships between altered cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator...
Further experience with the hypoxia tolerance test of the heart in children.

Summary The hypoxia tolerance test has now been performed in 365 cases with about600 examinations. In normal cases the reactions are negative with very few exceptions. Active rheumatic carditis and active myocarditis of other etiology give positive results in about three-quarters of the cases. Healed carditis and gallop rhythm give a positive result only in about 25 per cent. In congenital heart disease, the patent ductus cases as a rule react positivelybefore operation and negatively after the ligation. A few patients were also studied by means of the oximeter during the hypoxia test, making it possible to increase the value of the method. However, more cases must be examined. Finally, there seems to be no doubt that patients with congenital heart defectsand cyanosis do not react at all to the hypoxia tolerance test. This must signify that a child with permanent cyanosis is acclimated to the lack of oxygen and that he is unable to react in a customary way.
A fixed-point representation of the generalized complementarity problem

Eaves and Kojima have separately provided fixed-point representations of the standard complementarity problem. Although the mappings used to describe their representations appear to be different, this paper shows they are essentially the same, a unification that is accomplished via a geometric programming argument in the context of a more general complementarity problem.