cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resource utilization in primary repair of cleft palate

Objectives/Hypothesis: To estimate the current incidence of cleft palate in the United States and to determine national variations in resource utilization for primary repair of cleft palate. Study Design: Retrospective analysis of a national, pediatric database (2009 Kids Inpatient Database). Methods: Patients aged 3 and below admitted for cleft palate repair were selected, using ICD-9 codes for cleft palate and procedure code for primary (initial) repair of cleft palate. A number of demographic variables were analyzed, and hospital charges were considered as a measure of resource utilization. Results: Primary repair of cleft palate was performed on 1,943 patients. The estimated incidence was 0.11% with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Regional incidence ranged from 0.09% (Northeast) to 0.12% (Midwest). The mean age at surgery was 13.4 months. The average length of stay was 1.9 days. The average total charge nationwide was $22,982, ranging from $17,972 (South) to $25,671 (Northeast). Average charge in a teaching institution was $4,925 higher than for nonteaching institutions. The strongest predictor of charge was length of stay, increasing charge by $7,663 for every additional hospital day (P < 0.01). Conclusions: National variations exist in resource utilization for primary repair of cleft palate, with higher charges in Northeastern states and teaching hospitals. The strongest predictor of increased resource use was length of stay, which was significantly higher at teaching institutions. Laryngoscope, 2013
The Role of Teaching Assistants in Student-Centered Learning: Benefits, Costs, and Negotiations

As more faculty members utilize student-centered methods, we should also expect to see an increase in graduate teaching assistants (TAs) who are asked to co-teach these classes. However, little is written about the challenges TAs face and the adjustments they make when teaching student-centered courses. This study examined a student-centered course taught by the hevruta method, a dyadic approach that emphasizes text-based student discussions. Although students reported significant learning gains, both they and TAs had to negotiate new instructional roles. Based on student and TA feedback, strategies are presented to facilitate effective student learning in a student-centered course co-taught by TAs.
Nonequilibrium phonon effects on the transient expansion of photogenerated electron-hole plasmas

The transient expansion process of a photogenerated electron-hole plasma is examined using Ensemble Monte Carlo techniques. The effect of nonequilibrium phonons on the expansion behaviour is included for the first time. Both the spatial and temporal variations of the phonon population are taken into account. Numerical results over the picosecond time scale demonstrate that the nonequilibrium phonons significantly enhance the plasma expansion and alter the spatial carrier distribution profiles.
Evidence of room temperature ductility in nanocrystalline NiAl from biaxial disk bend tests

The main conclusions drawn from this study are: (1) The substantial room temperature ductility observed in nanocrystalline NiAl samples suggests that diffusional mechanisms such as grain boundary sliding controlled by grain boundary diffusion are contributing substantially to deformation. (2) Grain size refinement to <10 nm in NiAl results in yield strengths larger than the typical stress at failure of coarse grained NiAl. (3) Postmortem SEM fractographs obtained after BDBT suggested a macroscopic ductile failure mode in case of nanocrystalline NiAl and a brittle failure mode in case of coarse grained NiAl. (4) While the use of BDBT may influence the properties measured compared to those obtained by other methods such as tensile testing, the test method alone is not responsible for the observation of room temperature ductility in the present case.
Antifungal activity of HWA-138 and amphotericin B in experimental systemic candidiasis.

Abstract HWA-138, a pentoxifylline analog, has been shown to increase yeast urinary clearance and to reduce yeast counts in the kidneys of rats infected with Candida albicans. Furthermore, HWA-138 has also been shown to prevent amphotericin B-induced acute renal failure in rats. We report here on the effects of HWA-138 alone and in combination with amphotericin B in the treatment of systemic candidiasis in mice. When single doses of HWA-138 were administered intravenously (10, 25, or 50 mg/kg of body weight) into infected mice, no significant improvement in survival was observed. In infected mice treated intravenously with multiple doses of HWA-138 (10, 25, or 50 mg/kg once daily for 5 consecutive days), a significant increase in survival time was seen only in animals also receiving 25 mg of HWA-138 per kg (14 +/- 3 days test versus 9 +/- 1 days control; P less than 0.05). The coadministration of subtherapeutic doses of amphotericin B and HWA-138 resulted in increased survival time. Combination therapy with amphotericin B (0.1-mg/kg single dose) and HWA-138 (10-, 25-, or 50-mg/kg multiple doses) resulted in a significant increase in survival time over controls (19 +/- 4, 19 +/- 5, and 21 +/- 9 days, respectively, versus 9 +/- 3 days; P less than 0.05). Combination therapy with amphotericin B (0.2-mg/kg single dose) and HWA-138 (10-, 25-, or 50-mg/kg multiple doses) also resulted in a significant increase in survival time over controls (24 +/- 6, 24 +/- 6, and 24 +/- 6, respectively, versus 9 +/- 3 days; P less than 0.05). Combination therapy with amphotericin B (0.2-mg/kg single dose) and HWA-138 (10-, 25-, or 50-mg/kg multiple doses) also resulted in a significant increase in survival time over controls (24 +/- 6, 24 +/- 6, and 24 +/- 6, respectively, versus 9 +/- 3 days; P < 0.05). Variance analysis of these findings indicate synergistic activity between amphotericin B and HWA-138 in the treatment of experimental candidiasis in mice.
Identification of the Downstream Targets of SIM1 and ARNT2, a Pair of Transcription Factors Essential for Neuroendocrine Cell Differentiation

Abstract SIM1 and ARNT2 are two basic helix-loop-helix/PAS (Per-Arnt-Sim) transcription factors that control the differentiation of neuroendocrine lineages in the mouse hypothalamus. Heterozygous Sim1 mice also develop early onset obesity, possibly due to hypodevelopment of the hypothalamus. Although SIM1 and ARNT2 form heterodimers to direct the same molecular pathway, knowledge of this pathway is limited. To facilitate the identification of their downstream genes, we combined an inducible gene expression system in a neuronal cell line with microarray analysis to screen for their transcriptional targets. This method identified 268 potential target genes of SIM1/ARNT2 that displayed >1.7-fold induced expression. 15 of these genes were subjected to Northern analysis, and a high percentage of them were confirmed to be up-regulated. In vivo, several of these genes showed neuroendocrine hypothalamic expression correlating with that of Sim1. Furthermore, we found that expression of two of these potential targets, the Jak2 and thyroid hormone receptor β2 genes, was lost in the neuroendocrine hypothalamus of the Sim1 mutant. The expression and predicted functions of many of these genes provide new insight into both the Sim1/Arnt2 action in neuroendocrine hypothalamus development and the molecular basis for the Sim1 haplo-insufficient obesity phenotype.
Honey Bees Are Everywhere: My Journey on Becoming a Hobbyist Beekeeper

You see stories on the news about them, they are featured on National Public Radio (NPR), people tweet about them, and there are even Facebook pages dedicated to them. Everyone is talking about hon...
Integral equations and the interior Dirichlet potential problem

Abstract The two standard approaches for reformulating the interior Dirichlet potential problem as a boundary integral equation of the second kind are discussed. The integral equation derived from the representation of the solution as a double layer is shown to be more general than the one derived from Green's theorem. The boundary integral equation of the latter method, however, has definite analytical and numerical value. From it a new integral equation is derived whose solution can be represented as a convergent Neumann series and it is shown that the Green's function of the first kind can be obtained from it. An example is supplied to illustrate the method.
Potentiation of Apoptosis by Treatment With the Protein Kinase C-Specific Inhibitor Safingol in Mitomycin C-Treated Gastric Cancer Cells

BACKGROUND Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of enzymes that function in processes relevant to carcinogenesis, tumor cell metastasis, and apoptosis. Safingol, an optical isomer (the L-threo enantiomer) of dihydrosphingosine, is a specific inhibitor of PKC and might represent a novel agent for anticancer therapy. Preclinical animal studies show that safingol alone has a minimal effect on tumor cell growth, but combining this compound with conventional chemotherapy agents dramatically potentiates their antitumor effects. It has been suggested that many chemotherapeutic agents exert their antitumor effects by inducing apoptosis. PURPOSE We wanted to determine the extent to which safingol, alone or in combination with a standard chemotherapeutic agent (mitomycin C [MMC]), would promote apoptosis in gastric cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, we investigated whether the induction of apoptosis in the treated cells was affected by their p53 tumor suppressor status or their drug-resistance status. METHODS SK-GT-5 (p53-deficient and MMC-resistant) and MKN-74 (p53 wild-type and MMC-sensitive) gastric cancer cells were exposed to either no drug, safingol (50 microM) alone, MMC (5 micrograms/mL) alone, or a combination of safingol (50 microM) and MMC (5 micrograms/mL). In some experiments, cells were exposed simultaneously to safingol and the PKC activator, 3-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), prior to treatment with MMC. Apoptosis was measured by two methods: 1) quantitative fluorescence microscopy of nuclear chromatin condensation in cells stained with the dye, bisbenzamide trihydrochloride (Hoechst-33258), and 2) terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) labeling of the 3'-OH ends of DNA fragments produced in apoptotic cells. RESULTS As determined by quantitative fluorescence microscopy, exposure of SK-GT-5 cells to safingol alone induced apoptosis in 2% +/- 1% (mean +/- SD) of the cells, and MMC alone increased that level to 18% +/- 1%. However, the combination of safingol and MMC induced apoptosis in 39% +/- 1% of the cells (P < .001, for the drug combination versus MMC alone). With MKN-74 cells, safingol alone induced apoptosis in 8% +/- 3% of the cells, whereas MMC alone induced apoptosis in 40% +/- 4% of treated cells and the combination of safingol and MMC induced apoptosis in 83% +/- 4% of the cells. Similar results were obtained with the TdT assay. Simultaneous exposure of cells to safingol and PMA abrogated the safingol-mediated enhancement of MMC-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The PKC inhibitor safingol enhances the cytotoxic effect of the chemotherapeutic agent MMC in gastric cancer cells by promoting drug-induced apoptosis. The induction of apoptosis occurs regardless of the p53 status or the drug-resistance status of the cells.
Framing Processes, Cognitive Liberation, and NIMBY Protest in the U.S. Chemical‐Weapons Disposal Conflict

This paper offers elaborations on current knowledge about social-movement framing processes and cognitive liberation, especially regarding technical controversies and not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) protest. The social-constructionist lens of the framing perspective also allows refinements in conventional explanations of NIMBY conflicts. Attention is given to the dynamics of emergence, continuity, and change in framing strategies over time in controversy regarding the U.S. Army's chemical-weapons disposal program. I focus specifically on dynamics involved in the development of cognitive liberation, particularly the framing difficulties that occur in the context of cognitive ambiguities produced by an “information haze.” These ambiguities create problems for developing and linking the diagnostic, prognostic, and motivational elements of collective-action frames. I also attend to frame transformation, explaining how transformation may be both animated and constrained by a movement's opponent. I conclude that NIMBY is only one possible framing and can be transformed as the context of the dispute shifts. Moreover, framing activities in technical disputes may be particularly difficult due to the role of scientific rhetoric and experts in interpreting risks and shaping understandings of the situation.
Airway tissue plasminogen activator prevents acute mortality due to lethal sulfur mustard inhalation

Rationale: Sulfur mustard (SM) is a chemical weapon stockpiled today in volatile regions of the world. SM inhalation causes a life-threatening airway injury characterized by airway obstruction from fibrin casts, that can lead to respiratory failure and death. Mortality in those requiring intubation is >80%. No therapy exists to prevent mortality after SM exposure. Our previous work using the less toxic analog of SM, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, identified tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) an effective rescue therapy for airway cast obstruction (Veress et al., 2013). It is not known if exposure to neat SM vapor, the primary agent used in chemical warfare, will also cause death due to airway casts, and if tPA could be used to improve outcome. METHODS: Adult rats were exposed to SM, and when oxygen saturation reached RESULTS: Intratracheal tPA treatment eliminated mortality (0% at 48 h) and greatly improved morbidity after lethal SM inhalation (100% death in controls). tPA normalized SM-associated hypoxemia, hypercarbia, and lactic acidosis, and improved respiratory distress. Moreover, tPA treatment resulted in greatly diminished airway casts, preventing respiratory failure from airway obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: tPA given via airway >6h after exposure prevented death from lethal SM inhalation, and normalized oxygenation and ventilation defects, thereby rescuing from respiratory distress and failure. Intra-airway tPA should be considered as a life-saving rescue therapy after a significant SM inhalation exposure incident. Language: en
Disruption of local retinoid‐mediated gene expression accompanies abnormal development in the mammalian olfactory pathway

We have evaluated the role of retinoid signaling in the early development of the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. When retinoid-mediated gene expression is blocked briefly in mouse embryos at midgestation with citral (a general alcohol dehydrogenase antagonist that is thought to interfere with retinoid synthesis), the spectrum of morphogenetic abnormalities includes disruption of olfactory pathway development. It is difficult, however, to assess the specificity of this pharmacological manipulation, insofar as it also compromises several other aspects of central nervous system development. In homozygous Pax6 mutant mice (small eye: Pax6Sey-Neu), there is a more discrete lesion to the olfactory pathway: The epithelium and bulb cannot be recognized at any time during development, whereas other forebrain subdivisions can still be recognized. This loss of the entire primary olfactory pathway is accompanied by a failure of retinoid-mediated gene expression limited to the frontonasal region and forebrain. Retinoid receptors are expressed in the forebrain of Pax6Sey-Neu/Pax6Sey-Neu embryos, and the mutant forebrain remains responsive to exogenous retinoic acid. However, in Pax6Sey-Neu/Pax6Sey-Neu embryos, retinoic acid (RA) is not produced by the frontonasal mesenchyme, which normally provides local retinoid signals to the placode and forebrain. Together, these results suggest that local retinoid signaling is essential for the normal development of the mammalian olfactory pathway. J. Comp. Neurol. 379:171–184, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A neurosciences-in-psychiatry curriculum project for residents in psychiatry.

Objective The author describes a 20-session, student-centered course relating contemporary neuroscience to psychiatry for second-year psychiatric residents.
KARP-1 is induced by DNA damage in a p53- and ataxia telangiectasia mutated-dependent fashion

The KARP-1 (Ku86 Autoantigen Related Protein-1) gene, which is expressed from the human Ku86 autoantigen locus, appears to play a role in mammalian DNA double-strand break repair as a regulator of the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex. Here we demonstrate that KARP-1 gene expression is significantly up-regulated following exposure of cells to DNA damage. KARP-1 mRNA induction was completely dependent on the ataxia telangiectasia and p53 gene products, consistent with the presence of a p53 binding site within the second intron of the KARP-1 locus. These observations link ataxia telangiectasia, p53, and KARP-1 in a common pathway.
Hormonal and Hemodynamic Effects of Short- and Long-term Clonidine Therapy in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension*

Two studies of the responses to clonidine as the sole antihypertensive drug in the treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension are reported. In the first, 11 patients with mild hypertension were treated with 0.1 mg clonidine twice daily for eight weeks. Those patients with "low renin" hypertension (n = 7) were noted to show an increase in plasma renin activity; the patients with "normal renin" hypertension (n = 4) tended to show a decrease. Both groups had a similar decrease in blood pressure. The changes in renin activity correlated significantly (p less than 0.01) with the small changes in endogenous creatinine clearance (r = 0.84). In the second study, 16 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension were treated for three months with 0.2 mg clonidine three times daily. Blood pressure decreased from 167 +/- 4/105 +/- 2 to 140 +/- 3/90 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). Blood pressure changes correlated with decreases in plasma catecholamines (r = 0.61, p less than 0.001) and heart rate (r = 0.78, p less than 0.001). No significant changes in cardiac output, blood volume, renal blood flow, or glomerular filtration rate were noted. Clonidine is an effective and safe therapy when used as the sole medication in treating mild-to-moderate hypertension.
Organization of interphase chromatin.

The organization of interphase chromatin spans many topics, ranging in scale from the molecular level to the whole nucleus, and its study requires a concomitant range of experimental approaches. In this review, we examine these approaches, the results they have generated, and the interfaces between them. The greatest challenge appears to be the integration of information on whole nuclei obtained by light microscopy with data on nucleosome–nucleosome interactions and chromatin higher-order structures, obtained in vitro using biophysical characterization, atomic force microscopy, and electron microscopy. We consider strategies that may assist in the integration process, and we review emerging technologies that promise to reduce the “resolution gap.”
A 100-MHz Breakdown-Resilient Power Converter With Fully Monolithic Implementation on Nanoscale CMOS Process

A monolithic switched-capacitor power converter is designed in the nanoscale CMOS technology, employing a two-stage system architecture to mitigate overvoltage breakdown risk. The efficiency impact of various parasitic components is analyzed for design optimization on both the topology level and the device level. An external capacitorless low-dropout regulator with a wide bandwidth and a high power supply rejection ratio is introduced, removing high-frequency ripples and enabling a fast load transient response. The proposed design was implemented with the 180-nm CMOS process. At a switching frequency of 100 MHz, it regulates $V_\mathrm{out} $ at 0.8 V, with a maximum power efficiency of 60%. When the load current switches between 1.5 and 15 mA, $V_\mathrm{out} $ responds within 45 ns, with a voltage droop below 45 mV.
Explaining and predicting airline yields with non-parametric regression trees

Abstract Recently developed non-parametric regression trees are found both to explain more of the variation and to better predict airline yields on city pairs than linear regressions.
MOCVD of HTS and GMR perovskites by aerosol and liquid delivery MOCVD

Abstract Aerosol and liquid delivery MOCVD are techniques that were developed to overcome the problems with thermally less stable alkaline earth metal precursors in the deposition of alkaline earth doped HTS and GMR perovskites. In this paper, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques compared to the conventional MOCVD process. The deposition of CeO 2 films as an intermediate buffer layer for the deposition of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 on (1102) sapphire with Aerosol MOCVD will be discussed, as well as the deposition of alkaline earth doped lanthanum manganites, La 1 − x M x MnO 3 (M=Ca, Sr) on LaAlO 3 , MgO and YSZ by liquid delivery MOCVD.
A short history of the American Society of Human Genetics.

I am grateful to Cynthia Morton for inviting me to do this review; I learned a great deal about our Society. I also wish to thank Elaine Strass for helping me find documents at the American Philosophical Society, where Charles B. Greifenstein, Associate Librarian, was most helpful in locating the early documents of ASHG as cited in this review. I am also grateful to Rochelle Hirschhorn for improving my writing and Delores Gray for helping with the manuscript.
Riparian vegetation controls on braided stream dynamics

Riparian vegetation can significantly influence the morphology of a river, affecting channel geometry and flow dynamics. To examine the effects of riparian vegetation on gravel bed braided streams, we conducted a series of physical experiments at the St. Anthony Falls Laboratory with varying densities of bar and bank vegetation. Water discharge, sediment discharge, and grain size were held constant between runs. For each run, we allowed a braided system to develop, then seeded the flume with alfalfa (Medicago sativa), allowed the seeds to grow, and then continued the run. We collected data on water depth, surface velocity, and bed elevation throughout each run using image-based techniques designed to collect data over a large spatial area with minimal disturbance to the flow. Our results show that the influence of vegetation on overall river patterns varied systematically with the spatial density of plant stems. Vegetation reduced the number of active channels and increased bank stability, leading to lower lateral migration rates, narrower and deeper channels, and increased channel relief. These effects increased with vegetation density. Vegetation influenced flow dynamics, increasing the variance of flow direction in vegetated runs and increasing scour depths through strong downwelling where the flow collided with relatively resistant banks. This oblique bank collision also provides a new mechanism for producing secondary flows. We found it to be more important than the classical curvature-driven mechanism in vegetated runs.
Reduced proteolysis of rabbit growth hormone (GH) receptor substituted with mouse GH receptor cleavage site.

GH binding protein (GHBP) is a circulating form of the GH receptor (GHR) extracellular domain, which derives by alternative splicing of the GHR gene (in mice and rats) and by metalloprotease-mediated GHR proteolysis with shedding of the extracellular domain as GHBP (in rabbits, humans, and other species). Inducible proteolysis of either mouse (m) or rabbit (rb) GHR is detected in cell culture in response to phorbol ester and other stimuli, yielding a cell-associated GHR remnant (comprised of the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains and a small portion of the proximal extracellular domain) and down-regulating GH signaling. In this report, we map the mGHR cleavage site by adenoviral overexpression of a membrane-anchored mGHR mutant lacking its cytoplasmic domain and purification and N-terminal sequencing of the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced remnant protein. The sequence obtained was LEACEEDI, which matches the mGHR extracellular domain stem region sequence L265EACEEDI272, indicating that mGHR cle...
Optimization and Design of Geodetic Networks

This book is a collection of lectures presented by invited speakers at the Third Course of the International School of Advanced Geodesy, given at the “Ettore Majorana” Center for Scientific Culture, Erice, Italy, during April 25–May 10, 1984. The material constitutes a theoretical study of problems and approaches in developing observational plans to meet certain positional accuracy requirements. While the lectures are oriented toward geodetic scenarios, much o f the mathematics is applicable to any problem that requires inversion of data through a least squares procedure.
The Roles of Physical Therapists in Wound Management, Part II: Patient and Wound Evaluation.

A thorough evaluation of the patient and all wounds is imperative prior to administering treatment. Assessing patient musculoskeletal function, mobility, and strength is unique to physical therapist (PT) expertise, and findings frequently reveal compromises or losses in one or all areas. Afflictions that often interfere with patient function, mobility, and strength include but are not limited to comorbid conditions such as diabetes; renal failure; peripheral arterial disease; venous insufficiency; rheumatoid arthritis; spinal cord injury; and other neurologic or neurovascular conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral vascular infarct; as well as aging. The PT evaluates function and mobility by having the patient perform activities of daily living; measuring range of motion, strength, and balance; evaluating gait patterns; and performing supervised ambulation training for qualified patients with intermittent claudication. In addition, the PT thoroughly evaluates the patient's wound for length, width, depth, exudate quantity and qualities, and signs of soft tissue and bone infection. Further, for patients with sensory, motor, or autonomic neuropathy, the PT also assesses for bilateral upper and lower extremity proprioceptive feedback; balance; biomechanical foot deformities; the need for protective footwear, orthotics, and support surfaces; and the status of protective sensation, muscle strength, and sweating. To evaluate for lower extremity arterial insufficiency, the PT performs tests for capillary refill and rubor of dependency, checks for foot and leg hair loss, queries the patient regarding symptoms of claudication pain, and uses Doppler ultrasound to perform the ankle-brachial index test. The Doppler is also used to assess for lower extremity venous obstruction and reflux. Edema is evaluated either by taking extremity girth measurements, by volumetric water displacement, or by manually grading severity by 1+, 2+, pitting, and chronic or woody texture.
CONSTRUCT VALIDATION STUDY OF THE FEAR OF POWERLESSNESS SCALE

To establish construct validity with 129 subjects for the Fear of Powerlessness Scale parallels were drawn among Levenson's Locus of Control Scales, the Fear of Powerlessness, and the Desire for Control Scale. Analysis yielded significant correlations between scores on the Fear of Powerlessness Scale, the Desire for Control Scale (negative), and 2 of Levenson's Locus of Control Scales, the Chance Scale and the Powerful Others Scale (positive).
Abstract LB-214: Rac1 and Cdc42 GTPases as novel targets in ovarian cancer

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the major cause of gynecologic malignancy deaths. Because of their roles in cell adhesion and migration, Rho family GTPases have been suggested as potential therapeutic targets in human cancers. We identify the Rac1 and Cdc42 GTPases as relevant targets in papillary serous and endometriod tumors. Cdc42 is overexpressed in primary human ovarian tumors and cancer cell lines, and a novel splice variant Rac1b is upregulated in tumors of advanced stage and grade. GTPase activities in primary ascites are 3 to 6-fold higher than in cultured cells. R-Naproxen was identified by high throughput screening of a Prestwick compound library as a select non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) from 23 tested that selectively targets Rac1 and Cdc42 in a bead-based assay using purified proteins. The drug is demonstrated to have positive benefit against cell behaviors required for ovarian cancer dissemination and metastasis using both cell lines and primary human tumor cell isolates. Human ovarian cells show slowed cell proliferation, as well as impaired migration, adhesion and invadopodia formation. Other NSAIDs with structural similarity (S-naproxen and 6-methoxy naphthalene acetic acid) lack these properties, while a specific Rac inhibitor NSC 23766 mimics the effects. Molecular docking shows R-Naproxen can bind the GDP-bound, but not GTP-bound Rac1, suggesting it may act by stabilizing Rac and Cdc42 in the inactive state. R-Naproxen has potential for rapid translation and efficacy in the treatment of metastatic ovarian cancer on account of FDA approval and novel activities against Rho-family GTPases. Funding for this study was generously provided by NIH grants U54MH074425, U54MH084690, R03MH081231, P30CA118100 and UNM Cancer Center FIG.0990MD. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-214. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-214
Charge inversion of divalent ionic solutions in silica channels.

Recent experiments [F. H. J. van der Heyden et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 224502 (2006)] of streaming currents in silica nanochannels with divalent ions report charge inversion, i.e., interfacial charges attracting counterions in excess of their own nominal charge, in conflict with existing theoretical and simulation results. We reveal the mechanism of charge inversion by using all-atomic molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show excellent agreement with experiments, both qualitatively and quantitatively. We further discuss the implications of our study for the general problem of ionic correlations in solutions as well as in regards to the properties of silica-water interfaces.
Phonon spectra prediction in carbon nanotubes using a manifold-based continuum finite element approach

Abstract This work develops a tensor-based, reduced-order shell (two-manifold) finite element formulation for predicting phonon spectra in finite-length cylindrical and toroidal carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The formulation does not require an assumed tube thickness. Displacements referencing two covariant basis vectors lying in the tangent space, and one basis vector orthogonal to the tangent space, capture the systems’ kinematics. These basis vectors compose a curvilinear coordinate system useful for capturing cylindrical, toroidal, and generically-curved nanotube configurations. The finite element procedure originates from a variational statement (Hamilton’s Principle) governing virtual work from internal, external (not considered), and inertial forces. Internal virtual work is related to changes in atomistic potential energy accounted for by an interatomic potential computed at reference area elements. Small virtual changes in the displacements allow a global mass and stiffness matrix to be computed, and these matrices then allow phonon spectra and energies to be predicted via a general eigenvalue problem. Results are generated for example cylindrical and toroidal CNTs documenting accurate prediction of phonon spectra, to include the expected longitudinal, torsional, bending, and breathing-like phonons.
Lone English-Origin Nouns in Spanish: The Precedence of Community Norms

This paper offers an examination of morphosyntactic factors that are generally understood to measure grammatical integration—and therefore used to help determine the status of other-language-origin nouns as borrowings or code-switches—through the lens of discourse, semantics, and lexical patterns. A total of 820 lone English-origin nouns surrounded by otherwise Spanish discourse are compared to Spanish and English nouns from the recorded speech of the same bilingual speakers in New Mexico. The semantic domains most open to English-origin nouns include both those traditionally expected, such as technology, and those generally thought to be unborrowable, such as kinship terms. In the case of determiner patterning, lone English-origin nouns’ propensity to occur with indefinite articles or as bare is linked to use in a nonreferential predicating function. Regarding gender, the preference for masculine assignment for lone English-origin nouns is tied to both nonreferentiality and the general patterns found in Spanish. The impact is felt here not from English, but from the conventions of the local community. Among their many functions, these nouns are best suited in this community for naming kin, classifying individuals as belonging to a certain occupation, and creating verbal compounds. It is argued that the morphosyntactic patterns found reflect the community norms, in which English-origin nouns tend to perform certain discourse functions. Systematic quantitative analysis thus reveals the powerful role of discourse referentiality of nominal forms, in tandem with local practices.
Ultrasound interstitial thermal therapy (USITT) in the prostate

This research represents an experimental investigation of the use of interstitial catheter-cooled ultrasound applicators in various treatment strategies for the management of localized prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The anticipated clinical approaches under consideration were: (1) Ultrasound Interstitial Thermal therapy (USITT) alone for treatment of the whole gland, (2) high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy with USITT to treat local recurrences or extracapsular extensions of the disease, and (3) sequence HDR brachytherapy and hyperthermia. Directional multielement catheter-cooled ultrasound applicators were fabricated using cylindrical piezoceramic transducers which can be inserted into 13 or 14 gage catheters. The applicators were characterized through measurements of acoustic power output, and beam profile distributions in degassed water. Thermal lesion formation studies were performed in an in vitro setup using fresh beef muscle. Various implant strategies were evaluated for the ability to control the temperature distribution within a pre-determined volume of tissue. Lesions extending more than 15 mm from the applicator surface were generated within 5 minutes of heating. Preliminary results from this study demonstrate the versatility of catheter-cooled interstitial ultrasound applicators, and their potential to provide controlled thermal therapy in the prostate.
Implications for coastal managers of hard mineral development in the U.S. exclusive Economic Zone

Abstract Marine hard minerals have been termed “the new ocean frontier.”; Minimal market potential and industry interest in these minerals have placed a significant constraint on their future development. With the exception of sand and gravel and some placer deposits, the development of marine hard minerals is not likely to occur until the next century. Despite these uncertain prospects, the federal government has placed a priority goal on the development of the mineral resources in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), and the Minerals Management Service has proposed lease sales in areas surrounding the Hawaiian and Johnston Islands. Coastal managers should be aware that the potential development of hard mineral mining may result in both negative and positive impacts to the coastal zone. Some of these impacts have been discussed in the draft Environmental Impact Statement prepared for these proposed lease sales. A clear regulatory framework for the exploration and development of these minerals is not yet in...
Values and communication of Chinese, Filipino, European, Mexican, and Vietnamese American Adolescents with their families and friends

Familistic values in recent immigrant families are linked to distinctive patterns of communication between adolescents and their fathers, mothers, and peers.
Union characteristics and organizing success

Using archival data, 12 independent variables pertaining to organizing strategy, organizing resources, and financial resources were used to predict the NLRB certification election success rates of national unions in three different time periods. The more than 50 unions participated in more than 75 percent of such elections. Relative to the hypothesized relationships, a mixed set of results was obtained. Possible explanations for these results, along with suggestions for more refined measurement procedures, are offered in terms of future research needs.
WebCrystal: understanding and reusing examples in web authoring

Examples have been widely used in the area of web design to help web authors create web pages. However, without actually understanding how an example is constructed, people often have trouble extracting the elements they want and incorporating them into their own design. This paper introduces WebCrystal, a web development tool that helps users understand how a web page is built. WebCrystal contributes novel interaction techniques that let the user quickly access HTML and CSS information by selecting questions regarding how a selected element is designed. It provides answers using a textual description and a customized code snippet that can be copied-and-pasted to recreate the desired properties. WebCrystal also supports combining the styles and structures from multiple elements into the generated code snippet, and provides visualizations on the web page itself to explain layout relationships. Our user study shows that WebCrystal helped both novice and experienced developers complete more tasks successfully using significantly less time.
The Role of Palliative Medicine in Organ Donation: From Bedside to Operating Room (752)

Objectives 1. Identify key communication issues associated with the process of organ donation. 2. Improve skills in brain death determination. 3. Learn how to enhance patient and family comfort in the operating room. Background. With the increasing recognition of the value of palliative care consultation, palliative care specialists have become involved in areas where their skills in communication, empathy and expert symptom management are called upon to provide comfort for patients and families. In the process of donation after cardiac death (DCD), palliative care teams have been increasingly used to provide expert symptom management, communication around sensitive issues, and family support. The role of palliative care mitigates perceived conflict of interests between organ donation networks and ICU teams. Case description. A 49-year-old male presented to the emergency room with sudden loss of consciousness. Upon arrival, the patient was found to be unresponsive. The patient was intubated. A noncontrast CT scan was performed and showed an unusual density seen in the basilar artery. A CT angiogram of the brain and neck was performed which demonstrated a basilar artery thrombus on the right with congenitally diminutive artery noted on the left. Patient was administered tPA in the Emergency Department with no improvement in his neurologic exam. Interval CT scan showed progressive hematoma effacing the pons. In subsequent hours, no neurological improvement was manifest. The family was informed of the prognosis. The family elected to withdraw support. The patient’s family members initiated the conversation regarding organ donation. The palliative care team was called to participate in the organ donation process. Conclusion. Palliative care team can play an important role in the organ donation process. They facilitate communication between donor networks, ICU team, and families; they coordinate a multidisciplinary approach in preparation for the withdrawal process and provide expert symptom management at the time of withdrawal of therapy.
Secretin inactivation by blood of various animal species

Abstract 1. 1. Sccretin concentrates as well as the natural porcine peptide were incubated with serum from a number of animal species at 37° C. and the extent of inactiation with time ascertained from the ratio of dosages of saline to test mixtures, each eliciting the same submaximal response from the dog. 2. 2. As tested with mouse serum and several concentrates, liberation of ammo-acids accompanied the destruction of hormonal activity. 3. 3. The protease levels of the sera were of that relative order of magnitude as to produce the rates of inactivation determined for each. The rate ranged highest for mouse serum and lowest for species such as the cow. 4. 4. Rat tissue extracts and Conn fractions derived from human plasma and mouse serum also engendered secretin metabolism.
Disparities in Children's Oral Health and Access to Dental Care

Dental caries can be prevented by a combination of community, professional, and individual measures including water fluoridation, professionally applied topical fluorides and dental sealants, and use of fluoride toothpastes. Yet, tooth decay is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Dental care is the most prevalent unmet health need in US children with wide disparities existing in oral health and access to care. Only 1 in 5 children covered by Medicaid received preventive oral care for which they are eligible. Children from low income and minority families have poorer oral health outcomes, fewer dental visits, and fewer protective sealants. Water fluoridation is the most effective measure in preventing caries, but only 62% of water supplies are fluoridated, and lack of fluoridation may disproportionately affect poor and minority children. Childhood oral disease has significant medical and financial consequences that may not be appreciated because of the separation of medicine and dentistry. The infectious nature of dental caries, its early onset, and the potential of early interventions require an emphasis on preventive oral care in primary pediatric care to complement existing dental services. However, many pediatricians lack critical knowledge to promote oral health. We recommend financial incentives for prioritizing Medicaid Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment dental services; managed care accountability; integration of medical and dental professional training, clinical care, and research; and national leadership. JAMA. 2000;284:2625-2631.
Translation of Anxiety Treatment to Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Clinically significant anxiety affects many youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and is associated with a number of functional consequences. Building from treatment approaches of anxiety in typically developing populations, pharmacological and psychotherapeutic approaches to treating anxiety in ASD are being increasingly examined. Despite being commonly prescribed, there is limited empirical support beyond open trials and case series at present for the use of antidepressants or anxiolytics in the treatment of anxiety for youth with ASD. A modest body of evidence exists supporting the application of a modified form of cognitive-behavioral therapy, with associated reductions in anxiety and some core autism improvements. Further research, refinement and replication is needed to establish the efficacy of treatment approaches for anxiety in youth with ASD, what treatment component(s) are most appropriate for which patients, what factors may play an integral role in treatment outcomes, and whether treatments result in durable and generalizable gains.
A critique of Segal's chronometric theory.

The Segal Chronometric theory is examined, with particular attention given to the role of a physical measurement in the theory. A calculation of the red shift in Segal's theory in the geometrical optics limit yields the resultz=0, in contradiction to Segal's resultz=tan2 (α/2), and the disagreement is shown to arise from the unphysical nature of Segal's theory of measurement. An argument is also presented to show that the postulates on which Segal's theory is based are inconsistent when massive particles are introduced into the Segal universe.
Thermal Aspects of Grinding With Electroplated CBN Wheels

An investigation is reported on the thermal aspects of grinding with single layer electroplated CBN wheels. The topography of these wheels is not periodically restored by dressing or truing, so the grinding behavior progressively changes as the wheel wears down. Straight surface grinding experiments were conducted to determine the effect of wheel wear and fluid flow on the grinding temperatures and energy partition. Low energy partition values of 3%-8% were obtained at temperatures below the fluid burnout limit. The energy partition results were analyzed in terms of a topographical analysis of the wheel surface and a thermal model which accounts for the removal of heat at the grinding zone by conduction to the abrasive grains and to the grinding fluid.
The GLP-1 agonist exendin-4 reduces food intake in nonhuman primates through changes in meal size

Exendin-4 (Ex4), a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has been shown to reduce food intake and suppress gastric emptying in rodents and humans. In this study we investiga...
A Study of Semen Production in Turkeys

Abstract Low fertility in turkeys is a major problem. Since poults are produced throughout the year in some localities, high fertility during the fall and winter months has become increasingly important. Concern about comparative productiveness of individual males during the “out-of-season” period prompted this study. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Hays (1950) after 10 year's research with Rhode Island Reds concluded that sex-linked genes may regulate fertility, Blow et al. (1951) reported that fertility in turkeys was only slightly heritable. Carson and Lorenz (1953) found that Broad Breasted Bronze males usually began producing semen when from 213 to 225 days old. Semen production increased gradually until late the following summer when it decreased gradually. Carson et al. (1955a), working with 187 Broad Breasted Bronze males which were neither housed nor kept in artificially lighted areas for 2 years, found males began producing motile sperm at 132 to 291 days of age. Semen production…