cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Achieving deep reductions in US transport greenhouse gas emissions: Scenario analysis and policy implications

Abstract This paper investigates the potential for making deep cuts in US transportation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the long-term (50–80% below 1990 levels by 2050). Scenarios are used to envision how such a significant decarbonization might be achieved through the application of advanced vehicle technologies and fuels, and various options for behavioral change. A Kaya framework that decomposes GHG emissions into the product of four major drivers is used to analyze emissions and mitigation options. In contrast to most previous studies, a relatively simple, easily adaptable modeling methodology is used which can incorporate insights from other modeling studies and organize them in a way that is easy for policymakers to understand. Also, a wider range of transportation subsectors is considered here—light- and heavy-duty vehicles, aviation, rail, marine, agriculture, off-road, and construction. This analysis investigates scenarios with multiple options (increased efficiency, lower-carbon fuels, and travel demand management) across the various subsectors and confirms the notion that there are no “silver bullet” strategies for making deep cuts in transport GHGs. If substantial emission reductions are to be made, considerable action is needed on all fronts, and no subsectors can be ignored. Light-duty vehicles offer the greatest potential for emission reductions; however, while deep reductions in other subsectors are also possible, there are more limitations in the types of fuels and propulsion systems that can be used. In all cases travel demand management strategies are critical; deep emission cuts will not likely be possible without slowing growth in travel demand across all modes. Even though these scenarios represent only a small subset of the potential futures in which deep reductions might be achieved, they provide a sense of the magnitude of changes required in our transportation system and the need for early and aggressive action if long-term targets are to be met.
Total Artificial Heart—Concepts and Clinical Use

End-stage congestive heart failure remains the leading cause of death in the United States. Despite advances in medical treatment, it also remains the most common reason for admission to the hospital. The gold standard of treatment for the failing heart, orthotopic heart transplantation, is limited by a shortage of donor hearts. There are also a significant number of patients who are not transplant candidates due to comorbid conditions and/or inability to tolerate immunosuppressive therapy. To meet the need for this latter group, the medical field has embraced ventricular assist device (VAD) therapy to extend survival and improve quality-of-life for the end-stage cardiac patient. This therapy, however, has been currently limited to the failing left ventricle and is still fraught with complications that limit long-term and widespread use. The total artificial heart, as currently available with two devices, is rapidly becoming the treatment of choice for biventricular failure.
The relative sensitivity of competing hydropsychid species to fluoride toxicity in the Cache la Poudre River (Colorado)

The influence of increased fluoride concentrations generated by a wastewater treatment plant on the spatial distribution and abundance of benthic larvae of Hydropsychidae (Insecta, Trichoptera) species in the Cache la Poudre River (Colorado) was examined. Acute lethal concentrations of fluoride ion (F−) to these species were determined in soft water (average value of hardness 40.2 mg CaCO3/L) by static toxicity bioassays. The wastewater treatment plant caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the fluoride concentration at three downstream sampling sites (mean values 1.17, 0.84, and 0.56 mg F−/L at 0.1, 1.6, and 9.2 km downstream sites, respectively) compared with the upstream reference station (0.31 mg F−/L). The 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144-h LC50s (mg F−/L) were 52.6, 25.8, 17.0, 13.4, and 11.5 for Hydropsyche bronta Ross, 102.0, 53.5, 34.7, 27.0, and 21.4 for Hydropsyche occidentalis Banks, and 128.0, 73.2, 42.5, 31.9, and 24.2 for Cheumatopsyche pettiti (Banks). LC50 values for H. bronta were significantly (P<0.05) lower than LC50 values for the other two test species. Abundance and biomass of all hydropsychid species were significantly (P<0.05) lower at the 0.1 km downstream site than at the upstream reference site. H. occidentalis was usually the most abundant species at the reference and 9.2 km downstream stations, with highest abundances at the 9.2 km downstream site. C. pettiti was dominant at 0.1 and 1.6 km downstream sites, showing higher abundances at the 1.6 km downstream site than at the upstream reference site. H. bronta was never collected at 0.1 and 1.6 km downstream sites, but was abundant at the upstream reference site. It is concluded that the fluoride pollution is not a major factor in determining the spatial distribution and abundance of competing hydropsychid species in the Cache la Poudre River. However, the greater sensitivity of H. bronta larvae to fluoride ions could result in decreased abundances of this species at downstream sampling sites.
Baptized in the Fire of Revolution: The American Social Gospel and the YMCA in China, 1919–1937 . By Jun Xing. Bethlehem, Penn.: Lehigh University Press, 1996. 238 pp. $39.50.

This study examines how the social gospel, an indigenous American reform ideology, was exported to the turbulent Chinese situation in the early twentieth century by the Young Men's Christian Association. Beginning with an overview of the YMCA and its role in American Christianity around the turn of the century, this book relates how the institution evolved and developed its own form of Social Gospel Protestantism.
IMAGE ENHANCEMENT FOR IMPAIRED VISION: THE CHALLENGE OF EVALUATION

With the aging of the population, the prevalence of eye diseases and thus of vision impairment is increasing. The TV watching habits of people with vision impairments are comparable to normally sighted people1, however their vision loss prevents them from fully benefiting from this medium. For over 20 years we have been developing video image-enhancement techniques designed to assist people with visual impairments, particularly those due to central retinal vision loss. A major difficulty in this endeavor is the lack of evaluation techniques to assess and compare the effectiveness of various enhancement methods. This paper reviews our approaches to image enhancement and the results we have obtained, with special emphasis on the difficulties encountered in the evaluation of the benefits of enhancement and the solutions we have developed to date.
Population structure in the pan-oceanic wreckfish, Polyprion americanus (Teleostei: Polyprionidae), as indicated by mtDNA variation

The wreckfish Polyprion americanus, a large [>1 m total length (LT)] demersal teleost, is distributed globally in temperate waters, including both sides of the North and South Atlantic Oceans, the Mediterranean, the western South Pacific, and the southern Indian Ocean. Wreckfish spawn off the south-eastern U.S. on an area of the Blake Plateau (the Charleston Bump) characterized by an extensive ridge having approximately 100 m relief, in 450–600 m depths. Juvenile wreckfish (<60 cm LT) are pelagic and, in the North Atlantic, are not reported from the Blake Plateau fishing area, but occur in by-catch and fishery landings in the eastern Atlantic. Analysis of nine restriction fragment length profiles from a PCR-amplified fragment (∼1.5 kb) of the ND1 mitochondrial gene indicated no stock separation between eastern North Atlantic (Azores, Majorca, Madeira), and western North Atlantic (Blake Plateau) wreckfish. Restriction site differences separate western South Atlantic wreckfish from the North Atlantic; however, South Atlantic wreckfish share restriction-site similarities with western Pacific wreckfish that are not shared with North Atlantic wreckfish. North Atlantic circulation provides a mechanism for a long-lived pelagic stage to be dispersed from Blake Plateau spawning grounds to the eastern North Atlantic. Global circulation patterns may explain both the dispersal of mtDNA haplotypes and the disjunct distribution of wreckfish body lengths in a temperate, deep-water vagile species with an extended pelagic juvenile stage such as wreckfish.
TrajPattern: mining sequential patterns from imprecise trajectories of mobile objects

Mobile objects have become ubiquitous in our everyday lives, ranging from cellular phones to sensors, therefore, analyzing and mining mobile data becomes an interesting problem with great practical importance. For instance, by finding trajectory patterns of the mobile clients, the mobile communication network can allocate resources more efficiently. However, due to the limited power of the mobile devices, we are only able to obtain the imprecise location of a mobile object at a given time. Sequential patterns are a popular data mining model. By applying the sequential pattern model on the set of imprecise trajectories of the mobile objects, we may uncover important information or further our understanding of the inherent characteristics of the mobile objects, e.g., constructing a classifier based on the discovered patterns or using the patterns to improve the accuracy of location prediction. Since the input data is highly imprecise, it may not be possible to directly apply any existing sequential pattern discovery algorithm to the problem in this paper. Thus, we propose the model of the trajectory patterns and a novel measure to represent the expected occurrences of a pattern in a set of imprecise trajectories. The concept of pattern groups is introduced to present the trajectory patterns in a concise manner. Since the Apriori property no longer holds on the trajectory patterns, a new min-max property is identified and a novel TrajPattern algorithm is devised based on the newly discovered property. Last but not least, we apply the TrajPattern algorithm on a wide range of real and synthetic data sets to demonstrate the usefulness, efficiency, and scalability of this approach.
Revisiting “Who Influences Whom?” Agenda Setting on Biofuels

Although numerous advancements have been made in the study of agenda setting among the media, the president, and Congress, scholars have struggled to develop a cohesive theory about who influences whom. To address this problem and augment the agenda-setting literature, I integrate exogenous agenda-setting variables from the American politics and policy literatures into traditional agenda-setting models. In contrast to prior research, which has tended to favor broad policy domains and foreign policy issues, I focus on one specific domestic policy area–biofuels. The results indicate that exogenous agenda-setting variables should be included in models of dynamic agenda setting, because they play an important role in the relationship among the media, the president, and Congress. In the case of biofuels, economic indicators, public opinion, and election year politics affected the agendas' of the media, the president, and Congress, and they drowned out the influence that these actors had on one another.
Mutations in the NKXD consensus element indicate that GTP binds to the γ‐subunit of translation initiation factor eIF2

Initiation factor eIF2 binds GTP and promotes the binding of methionyl-tRNA to ribosomes. Biochemical and sequence evidence suggests that the GTP might bind to either the β- or γ-subunit of eIF2. Mutations were made in the NKXD consensus elements found in both subunits and individual mutant forms were overexpressed in transiently transfected COS-1 cells. The effect on the translational efficiency of a reporter mRNA for dihydrofolate reductase was monitored. Mutations in the γ-subunit cause severe repression of protein synthesis, whereas those in the β-subunit are only mildly inhibitory. The results support the view that GTP binds exclusively to the γ-subunit.
Internal Improvements to Public Works to Infrastructure: Tolling in California and the Public/ Private Dichotomy in Historical Perspective

This paper presents an overview of the history of U.S. public works in order to examine the administration of toll-financed transportation infrastructure in its larger historical context. The decision to shift responsibility for California’s toll bridges to a state-level authority in 1929 reflected larger, long-term political and institutional trends as well as the powerful influence of Progressive Era ideology. Political and institutional developments since the 1970s also have propelled initiatives to establish new mechanisms for infrastructure financing, administration, and management in California and throughout the United States. These initiatives suggest a shift away from public enterprise and toward private control, including a resurgence of private toll roads.
The American Way. Los abogados latinoamericanos como estudiantes de maestría en los Estados Unidos de América

This article explores the reasons Latin American lawyers decide to pursue graduate studies in the United States (US).Correspondingly, this article also researches the reasons US law schools offer post-graduate programs for the benefit of foreign students.
Weight-loss diets modify glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor rs2287019 genotype effects on changes in body weight, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance: the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies trial

Background: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [also known as gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)] and its receptor (GIPR) may link overnutrition to obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. A GIPR variant rs2287019 was recently associated with obesity and glucose metabolism. Objective: We aimed to examine whether weight-loss diets that vary in fat content may modify the effect of this variant on changes in body weight, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance in the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies (POUNDS LOST) trial. Design: We genotyped the GIPR rs2287019 in 737 overweight adults who were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 weight-loss diets that varied in macronutrient contents for 2 y. We assessed the percentage changes in body weight, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) across genotypes by the low-fat and high-fat diets. Results: At 6 mo of diet intervention, the T allele of rs2287019 was associated with greater weight loss (β ± SE: −1.05 ± 0.56%; P = 0.06) and greater decreases in fasting glucose (β ± SE: −2.33 ± 0.86%; P = 0.006), fasting insulin (β ± SE: −8.76 ± 4.13%; P = 0.03), and HOMA-IR (β ± SE: −10.52 ± 4.39%; P = 0.01) in participants who were assigned to low-fat diets, whereas there was no significant genotype effect on changes in these traits in the group assigned to the high-fat diet (all P > 0.44; P-interaction = 0.08, 0.04, 0.10, and 0.07, respectively). After correction for multiple tests (significant P = 0.008), the genotype effect on changes in fasting glucose remained significant. Sensitivity analysis in white participants showed that the interactions were more evident on changes in insulin and HOMA-IR (P-interaction < 0.008). Conclusion: The T allele of GIPR rs2287019 is associated with greater improvement of glucose homeostasis in individuals who choose a low-fat, high-carbohydrate, and high-fiber diet. The POUNDS LOST trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995.
A co-transformation system to produce transgenic grapevines free of marker genes

Abstract A co-transformation system was developed to produce grapevines free of selectable marker genes. This was achieved by transforming Vitis vinifera L. ‘Thompson Seedless’ somatic embryos with a mixture of two Agrobacterium strains. The first strain contained a binary plasmid with an egfp gene of interest between the T-DNA borders. The second strain harbored the neomycin phosphotransferase ( nptII ) gene for positive selection and the cytosine deaminase ( codA ) gene for negative selection, linked together by a bi-directional dual promoter complex. Our technique included a short positive selection phase on medium containing 100 mg l −1 kanamycin before subjecting cultures to prolonged negative selection on medium containing 250 mg l −1 5-fluorocytosine. We regenerated 25 stable EGFP expressing transgenic lines. PCR analysis confirmed 18 lines contained only the egfp gene, whereas the remaining contained both egfp and codA / nptII genes. Presumably, the 18 monogenic lines arose through cross protection by being in close proximity to cells that expressed nptII and thus detoxified kanamycin in the immediate vicinity. This is the first report for grapevine using a combination of positive and negative selection to produce transgenic plants that do not contain marker genes.
Graduate information literacy in online education using the embedded librarian model

Copyright for the article content resides with the authors, and copyright for the publication layout resides with the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals, Information Literacy Group. These Copyright holders have agreed that this article should be available on Open Access. ‘By 'open access' to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.’
Insulin regulates alveolar epithelial function by inducing Na+/K+-ATPase translocation to the plasma membrane in a process mediated by the action of Akt.

Stimulation of Na+/K+-ATPase translocation to the cell surface increases active Na+ transport, which is the driving force of alveolar fluid reabsorption, a process necessary to keep the lungs free of edema and to allow normal gas exchange. Here, we provide evidence that insulin increases alveolar fluid reabsorption and Na+/K+-ATPase activity by increasing its translocation to the plasma membrane in alveolar epithelial cells. Insulin-induced Akt activation is necessary and sufficient to promote Na+/K+-ATPase translocation to the plasma membrane. Phosphorylation of AS160 by Akt is also required in this process, whereas inactivation of the Rab GTPase-activating protein domain of AS160 promotes partial Na+/K+-ATPase translocation in the absence of insulin. We found that Rab10 functions as a downstream target of AS160 in insulin-induced Na+/K+-ATPase translocation. Collectively, these results suggest that Akt plays a major role in Na+/K+-ATPase intracellular translocation and thus in alveolar fluid reabsorption.
Error rates for poisson process discrimination

This research addresses the question of how one's ability to discriminate between two Poisson process models is affected by the relative behavior of the respective intensity functions involved. One sampling strategy studied involves observation of the process up to the k-th occurrence time, tk. Another is to observe the process up to a fixed time T. The error probabilities for these two approaches are analyzed as k and T, respectively, tend to infinity.
Evolution of higher-organism DNA

A great deal of information about evolutionary events and processes has been inferred from careful studies of fossil records. Other forms of evidence have also contributed greatly to the understanding of evolution. Comparative biochemistry (Florkin, 1949), immunology (Boyden, 1942), protein sequencing (Dayoff, 1969; Anfinsen, 1959), and early DNA studies (McCarthy & Bolton, 1963; Schildkraut, Marmur & Doty, 1961) have for the most part corroborated earlier evolutionary findings, and at the same time provided new understanding of molecular processes in evolution. Of these approaches the comparison of DNA seems most promising since a relatively precise quantitative comparison can be made of all of the genetic material of different species.
Avian vacuolar myelinopathy linked to exotic aquatic plants and a novel cyanobacterial species

Invasions of exotic species have created environmental havoc through competition and displacement of native plants and animals. The introduction of hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) into the United States in the 1960s has been detrimental to navigation, power generation, water intake, and water quality (McCann et al., 1996). Our field surveys and feeding studies have now implicated exotic hydrilla and associated epiphytic cyanobacterial species as a link to avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM), an emerging avian disease affecting herbivorous waterbirds and their avian predators. AVM, first reported in 1994, has caused the death of at least 100 bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and thousands of American coots (Fulica americana) at 11 sites from Texas to North Carolina (Thomas et al., 1998; Rocke et al., 2002). Our working hypothesis is that the agent of this disease is an uncharacterized neurotoxin produced by a novel cyanobacterial epiphyte of the order Stigonematales. This undescribed species covers up to 95% of the surface area of leaves in reservoirs where bird deaths have occurred from the disease. In addition, this species is rare or not found on hydrilla collected at sites where AVM disease has not been diagnosed. Laboratory feeding trials and a sentinel bird study using naturally occurring blooms of cyanobacteria on hydrilla leaves and farm-raised mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) induced the disease experimentally. Since 1994 AVM has been diagnosed in additional sites from Texas to North Carolina. Specific site characteristics that produce the disjunct distribution of AVM are unknown, but it is probable that the incidence of this disease will increase with the introduction of hydrilla and associated cyanobacterial species into additional ponds, lakes, and reservoirs.
Enumeration, Phenotyping, and Identification of Activation Events in Conjugates Between T cells and Antigen-Presenting Cells by Flow Cytometry

Microscopic analysis of T cell-antigen-presenting cell (T cell:APC) interactions at the single cell level has been a powerful, but tedious and subjective, technique. In this paper, we describe a rapid and quantitative method to identify T cell:APC conjugates using succinimidyl ester dyes, which irreversibly label free amine groups on the cell surface. The labeled cell conjugates and subsequent activation events are detected by flow cytometry.
Design and performance of a microstrip reflectarray antenna

Microstrip reflectarray antennas present an alternative to conventional directive antennas in that they are flat, inexpensive, easy to install and manufacture, conformal to the mounting surface, easy to package, and they possess high power and beam steering capabilities. For the first time, a comprehensive, experimentally verified design procedure for the microstrip reflectarray is presented. In this design procedure, the microstrip reflectarray has been shown to be an effective linear array capable of beam switching and dual polarization. The design procedure also allows the array to be fed from a feed-horn offset at any given angle to the plane of the array. The design procedure is well suited for CAD programs. >
Multiple Grb2-Mediated Integrin-Stimulated Signaling Pathways to ERK2/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase: Summation of Both c-Src- and Focal Adhesion Kinase-Initiated Tyrosine Phosphorylation Events

Fibronectin receptor integrin-mediated cell adhesion triggers intracellular signaling events such as the activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade. In this study, we show that the nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) c-Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) can be independently activated after fibronectin (FN) stimulation and that their combined activity promotes signaling to extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2)/MAP kinase through multiple pathways upstream of Ras. FN stimulation of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts promotes c-Src and FAK association in the Triton-insoluble cell fraction, and the time course of FN-stimulated ERK2 activation paralleled that of Grb2 binding to FAK at Tyr-925 and Grb2 binding to Shc. Cytochalasin D treatment of fibroblasts inhibited FN-induced FAK in vitro kinase activity and signaling to ERK2, but it only partially inhibited c-Src activation. Treatment of fibroblasts with protein kinase C inhibitors or with the PTK inhibitor herbimycin A or PP1 resulted in reduced Src PTK activity, no Grb2 binding to FAK, and lowered levels of ERK2 activation. FN-stimulated FAK PTK activity was not significantly affected by herbimycin A treatment and, under these conditions, FAK autophosphorylation promoted Shc binding to FAK. In vitro, FAK directly phosphorylated Shc Tyr-317 to promote Grb2 binding, and in vivo Grb2 binding to Shc was observed in herbimycin A-treated fibroblasts after FN stimulation. Interestingly, c-Src in vitro phosphorylation of Shc promoted Grb2 binding to both wild-type and Phe-317 Shc. In vivo, Phe-317 Shc was tyrosine phosphorylated after FN stimulation of human 293T cells and its expression did not inhibit signaling to ERK2. Surprisingly, expression of Phe-925 FAK with Phe-317 Shc also did not block signaling to ERK2, whereas FN-stimulated signaling to ERK2 was inhibited by coexpression of an SH3 domain-inactivated mutant of Grb2. Our studies show that FN receptor integrin signaling upstream of Ras and ERK2 does not follow a linear pathway but that, instead, multiple Grb2-mediated interactions with Shc, FAK, and perhaps other yet-to-be-determined phosphorylated targets represent parallel signaling pathways that cooperate to promote maximal ERK2 activation.
The Effects of Cross-Aged Tutoring On the Comprehension Skills of Remedial Reading Students

To compare the effects of 3 tutorial reading programs, 53 elementary-aged disabled readers were assigned to 1 of 3 experimental (tutorial) treatments — hypothesis/test (H/T) instruction, oral-reading (OR) practice, or word-recognition (WR) training — or to a small group H/T control. Students received 20, 15-minute lessons and were tested on WR, OR, and cloze comprehension measures, and on a standardized comprehension test. Differences were significant on the cloze measure only: The H/T tutorial group scored significantly higher than the WR group. The tutorial and H/T control groups did not differ. Thus, the cross-aged tutors administered the H/T program as successfully as did the teachers working with small groups. The use of tutoring and H/T instruction in programs for disabled readers is advocated.
A DNA array sensor utilizing magnetic microbeads and magnetoelectronic detection

We describe a multi-analyte biosensor that uses magnetic microbeads as labels to detect DNA hybridization on a micro-fabricated chip. The beads are detected by giant magnetoresistance (GMR) magnetoelectronic sensors embedded in the chip. The prototype device is a tabletop unit containing electronics, a chip carrier with a microfluidic flow cell, and a compact electromagnet and is capable of simultaneous detection of eight different analytes.
Social Recommendation Based on a Rich Aggregation Model

This chapter describes a set of recommender systems for both people and content within the enterprise that were all built based on a rich aggregation model. The underlying infrastructure is based on a complex relationship model among three core entities: people, items, and tags. We describe the general model and the different recommender systems that were built on top, including the main results and the implications from one system to another. We conclude by highlighting the main findings and suggesting next steps and future directions.
Progress towards low cost Tbps optical engines

A low cost Tb/s class CWDM optical engine prototype based on four different wavelength VCSELs around 1um is presented. 100Gbps operation per fiber is demonstrated.
Monotonic and fatigue performance of RC beams strengthened with a polyurea coating system

Abstract This paper has been conducted to evaluate fatigue and monotonic behavior of concrete beams strengthened with a polyurea coating system. Ease of application and multi-hazard benefits of polyurea has made it useful in retrofit–repair situations. Rather than blast or impact mitigation, polyurea has the capability of flexural and shear reinforcement for structural members. In this research, parametric study has been done to describe the flexural capacity of coated beams. Moreover, theoretical model was developed to predict the maximum deflection of strengthened beams under cyclic service loads. In order to validate the models, large size reinforced concrete beams were fabricated and externally strengthened in two levels of polyurea thickness. Beams were tested under four-point monotonic and fatigue loading. The relationship between deflection, coating thickness and number of cycles was studied and analyzed. In addition, the elastic–viscoelastic correspondence principle was used to evaluate the damage mechanism of the coating system in repetitive load condition. Results indicated that application of polyurea, improves the flexural capacity as well as ductility of RC beams, additionally, the correspondence principle represented an acceptable model for damage growth and fracture healing of the external polyurea coating under complex cyclic loading.
Perceptual mapping of hotel brands using online reviews: a text analytics approach

Product perceptual mapping in the lodging industry has largely relied on survey and focus group methods to represent consumer perceptions of how the hotel product compares to one another. The more recent availability of online reviews represents a potentially powerful source of data that can be used to provide insights into how brands are perceived. This study uses a text analysis approach to create perceptual maps from the most frequent terms used in a data set collected from an online travel agency. These maps show not only the ability for text analytics to produce insights on brands, but also their potential for understanding how brands are able to be differentiated in the minds of consumers. The findings indicate that consumers perceive brands to be positioned similar to the structure defined by the industry. Brands were shown to be associated with terms indicative of the class of hotel that formed the majority of the brand. This suggests that online consumer reviews can be used to represent the level of differentiation between hotel brands and thus, are a useful source for understanding the market structure of the hotel industry. Implications for both research and practice are also discussed.
Bridging the two cultures and forging a holistic culture: a response to the liberal studies in engineering workshop

I was excited when I learned that Larry Bucciarelli and David Drew were organizing a workshop to explore educational opportunities for liberal studies in engineering, an idea that had inspired my d...
Superconducting Behavior of Tetragonal T ‘Eu2‐xCexO4±δ

Eu2.xCexCuO4±δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.17) has been synthesized with the tetragonal T’ structure. AC susceptibility and resistance measurements show that Eu2-xCexCuO4±δ becomes superconducting with τc∼13 K for x= 0.15 and 0.17, when prepared under reducing conditions. The 151Eu Mossbauer shift shows that the Euvalence falls into a narrow range near Eu 3+ . The temperature dependence of the Mossbauer absorption yields a Debye temperature of 319 K for the Eu ion in Eu1.85Ce0.15CuO4±δ
Disturbance observer-based internal model control strategy for industrial production process

This paper introduces a compound control strategy for industrial production process,which combines the internal model control and disturbance observer to solve the problem that conventional PID control results are not satisfactory due to disturbance in industrial process.Theoretical analysis and experimental simulation show that the control performance of this method is much better than that of the conventional PID control,and this method could effectively reject the external and internal disturbances.
Managing skin infections in children.

PreviewGroup A beta-hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus, together or separately, cause most common superficial pyodermatous skin infections in children. Although local therapy may suffice for impetigo bullosa, systemic antibiotics may be needed for impetigo contagiosa to prevent recurrence and spread to other persons. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome should also be treated with systemic agents, because the infection is potentially fatal.
Meetings: Discursive Sites for Building and Fragmenting Community

Meetings are talk-saturated events in which people come together to tackle a variety of explicit goals and tacit concerns. They enable accomplishments of people’s most valued ideals (e.g., democracy, voice); at the same time, meetings are also practices that are the frequent objects of derision and complaint. The review synthesizes and critiques descriptive and normative ideas about meetings, drawing on both academic and popular literature. After a definitional discussion of the term and a brief history of how meetings came to be, the chapter turns to its main focus: the routine and problematic practices of organizational work meetings and public meetings. Within each type, special attention is given to how meetings build and fracture community and communities. The conclusion argues why future communication research should foreground meetings and take them as objects of study—rather than, as has been the usual practice, treat them as noninteresting containers for other communication processes.
Development of the Sport Injury Anxiety Scale

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to develop a measure of sport injury anxiety (SIA), defined as the tendency to make threat appraisals in sport situations where injury is seen as possible and/or likely. The Sport Injury Anxiety Scale (SIAS) was developed in three stages. In Stage 1, expert raters evaluated items to determine their adequacy. In Stage 2, 491 collegiate athletes completed the preliminary SIAS. Results of an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) revealed a reliable scale with seven subscales, including anxiety associated with: (a) loss of athleticism, (b) being perceived as weak, (c) experiencing pain, (d) loss of social support, (e) letting down important others, (f) reinjury, and (g) having an impaired self-image. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) supported a shortened scale and the multidimensional and hierarchical structure of SIAS scores. In Stage 3, 284 collegiate athletes completed the 21-item SIAS and other measures. Analyses supported the construct validity of the SIAS.
On genetic and phenotypic variability of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: nature versus nurture.

The seminal discovery of the R403Q mutation in the beta-myosin heavy chain (MyHC) gene as a cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by Dr. Thierfelder’s group a decade ago (1) ushered in a new era in the molecular genetics of HCM. To date, over 120 mutations in 10 genes, all encoding sarcomeric proteins, have been identified in patients with HCM (2), leading to the notion that HCM is a disease of contractile sarcomeric proteins (3). Mutations in nonsarcomeric genes, mitochondrial genome and genes responsible for the triplet repeat syndromes also have been found in patients with HCM (2). Although no large-scale systematic search has yet been performed, the existing data suggest that mutations in the beta-MyHC, myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) are the most common causes of HCM, collectively accounting for approximately 60% to 70% of all HCM cases (2). It has also become evident that the frequency of each particular causal mutation in the HCM population is relatively low (<5%). Overall, genetic studies indicate significant allelic and nonallelic heterogeneity of HCM, an issue that complicates the feasibility of genetic diagnosis.
A COMPARATIVE EPR STUDY OF HEMOGLOBINS A AND KANSAS: SPECTRAL SIGNATURES OF AFFINITY STATES

Optical titration data for ferric hemoglobin Kansas in the presence of IHP is presented. An analysis of the titration indicates a pK of 8.8 for the met to hydroxy conversion. Low temperature EPR spectra reveals two different high spin species which are individually assigned to ferric alpha and beta chains. EPR parameters for an hydroxy form of ferric hemoglobin in a low affinity form is presented.
Landsat 9: Status and Plans

The Landsat 9 mission, currently under development and proceeding towards a targeted launch in late 2020, will be very similar to the Landsat 8 mission, launched in 2013. Like Landsat 8, Landsat 9 is a joint effort between NASA and USGS with two sensors, the Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2), essentially a copy of the OLI on Landsat 8 and the Thermal Infrared Sensor 2 (TIRS-2), very similar to the TIRS on Landsat 8. The OLI-2, like OLI, provides 14-bit image data, though for Landsat 9, all 14 bits will be retained and transmitted to the ground. The focal plane modules to be used for OLI-2 were flight spares for OLI and are currently being retested by Ball Aerospace. Results indicate radiometric performance comparable to OLI. The TIRS was a class C instrument, with a 3-year design lifetime, and therefore had limited redundancy. TIRS-2 will be a class B instrument, with a 5-year design lifetime, like OLI (and OLI-2), necessitating design changes to increase redundancy. The stray light and Scene Select Mechanism (SSM) encoder problems observed on orbit with TIRS have also instigated a few design changes to TIRS-2. Stray light analysis and testing have indicated that additional baffles in the TIRS-2 optical system will suppress the out-of-field response. The SSM encoder problems have not been definitively traced to a route cause, though conductive anodic filament growth in the circuit boards is suspected. Improved designs for the encoder are being considered for TIRS-2. The spare Focal Plane Array (FPA) from TIRS is planned for use in TIRS-2; FPA spectral and radiometric performance testing is scheduled for September of this year at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
Exploring language laboratory management modes to create a good language learning environment

This paper explores how to further strengthen the language lab hardware construction, with the general themes of university English language teaching and learning environment creation in mind. Software constructions, lab management methods, and the potentials of language laboratories are other issues discussed here. The purpose is to facilitate the closest possible language learning environment, as compared to the ideal language teaching activities in foreign English-speaking countries, inside laboratories.
Youth Views of Experiences and Benefits of Public Speaking

Ninety-eight youth participants, ages 9-17, involved in a public speaking event reported that preparation and presentation of a 5-12 minute demonstration or illustrated talk improved confidence, knowledge of a selected topic and skills in communicating, goal setting, organizing, working with others, and doing research. Positive benefits were reported from first-year as well as multi-year participants. Most youth surveyed indicated that they participated by choice and received adequate assistance in preparation for speaking. Similar results were found for a smaller group (N = 20) involved in a non-competitive performing arts event. A randomly-selected group (N = 37) interviewed about the extended effects of public speaking revealed that the experience helped them in school presentations, community leadership, and more in-depth involvement in specific topic areas. Implications of results for youth programming and engaging wider audiences of youth are discussed.
Microbiological aspects of the diglutamyl derivatives of citrovorum factor and N10 formylfolic acid.

The occuirrence and properties of polyglutamyl derivatives of folic acid (FA) obtained from biological sources have been reported (Stokstad, 1954). Recently, the fractionation of boiled cell extracts of Clostridium cylindrosporum resulted in the separation of seveiral pteridine polyglutamates which differ in composition from any previously described (Wriight, 1955). We wish to report upon the microbiological activities of two triglutamyl deIrivatives of pteridines which are analogous in structuie to citrovorum factoi (CF) and N'° formylfolic acid (N'OFA). The properties of the diglutamyl FA derivative (pteroyldiglutamylglutamic acid, teropteiin) have been desciibed previously (Stokstad, 1954). The two triglutamyl pteridines which shall be described are characterized by (1) their ability to function catalytically as cofactors in the conveision of serine to glycine in a bacterial system and (2) ultiraviolet spectira w-hich coirrespond with those of CF and N'0FA.
Staff Perceptions of Key Factors Guiding Nursing Home Search and Selection Within the Veterans Health Administration.

Background and objectives Veterans enter nursing homes (NHs) for short-term postacute, rehabilitation, respite, or end-of-life care. They also enter NHs on a long-term basis due to frailty, disability, functional deficits, and cognitive impairment. Little is known about how a particular NH is chosen once the decision to enter a NH has been made. This study identified VA staff perceptions of the key factors influencing the search and selection of NHs within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Research design and methods Data derived from 35 semistructured interviews with discharge planning and contracting staff from 12 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs). Results VA staff placed a premium on Veteran and family preferences in the NH selection process, though VA staff knowledge and familiarity with placement options established the general parameters within which NH placement decisions were made. Geographic proximity to Veterans' homes and families was a major factor in NH choice. Other key considerations included Veterans' specialty care needs (psychiatric, postacute, ventilator) and Veteran/facility demographics (age, race/ethnicity, Veteran status). VA staff tried to remain neutral in NH selection, thus instructing families to visit facilities and review publicly available quality data. VA staff report that amenities (private rooms, activities, smoking) and aesthetics (cleanliness, smell, layout, decor) often outweighed objective quality indicators in Veteran and family decision making. Discussion and implications Findings suggest that VAMCs facilitate Veteran and family decision making around NH selection. They also suggest that VAMCs endeavor to identify and recruit a broader array of higher quality NHs to better match the specific needs of Veterans and families to the choice set available.
La Tricontinental y el mensaje del Che Guevara. Encrucijadas de una nueva izquierda

A finales de 1965, el Che Guevara envio un “Mensaje” al quinto encuentro de la Conferencia por la Solidaridad de los Pueblos de Africa, Asia y America Latina, mejor conocida como la Conferencia Tricontinental, llevada a cabo en Cuba en enero de 1966. En su celebracion explicita a la violencia, las palabras del Che encapsularon el lenguaje y la estrategia de lo que se llamo la “Nueva Izquierda”. Sin embargo, la Conferencia Tricontinental no logro anticipar la agitacion que provocarian los movimientos universitarios de 1968, los cuales enlazaron el llamado de Guevara hacia “dos, tres, muchos Vietnam” con un componente distinto y propio de la sensibilidad de la Nueva Izquierda: la irreverencia contracultural contra la rigidez ideologica de todo tipo. El siguiente trabajo examina brevemente la genealogia y los conflictos geopoliticos que rodearon la puesta en escena de la Conferencia Tricontinental de 1966, poniendo especial enfasis en el rol de Lazaro Cardenas, ex presidente revolucionario mexicano.
A proposal for a noninvasive monitoring of sympathetic nerve activity in patients with takotsubo syndrome.

The pathophysiology of takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is still elusive; many hypotheses of its cause have been proposed with a heightened activity of the peripheral autonomic sympathetic nervous system (PASNS) via local norepinephrine release, and direct cardiomyocyte toxicity mediated by blood-borne catecholamines, being among the most currently entertained. Monitoring of PASNS during hospitalization will provide a metric which could be of immense value in unraveling of the pathophysiology and aiding in the management of the patients with TTS by predicting in-hospital complications, long-term outcome, and its recurrence. Recent work with noninvasive monitoring of skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA), via conventional electrodes used for the recording of the electrocardiogram have shown that the filtered signals >500 Hz originate in the cervical and stellate ganglia, which also innervate the heart, and thus they provide an estimate of stellate ganglion nerve activity. Such information may prove invaluable for the management of patients with TTS.
CHANGE IN LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC WALL STRESS PREDICTS HEART FAILURE READMISSIONS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is associated with reduced left ventricular (LV) systolic wall stress (LV-Stress). However, its role in heart failure readmissions post TAVR remains uncertain. We prospectively evaluated 130 consecutive patients undergoing TAVR at our institution from
GLC Case Studies

This chapter provides several case studies on the use of General Line Coordinates for knowledge discovery and supervised learning mostly from the data from the University of California Irvine Machine Learning repository. ﻿The real-world tasks include Health monitoring, Iris data classification, Challenger disaster and others. These cases studies involve several GLC methods, two-layer visual representation, and comparison with alternative methods such as Parallel Coordinates, RadVis, and Support Vector Machine.
High Temperature Sulfidation of Fe3Al and NiCr Thermal Spray Coatings at 600oC

Three Fe{sub 3}Al and two Ni45Cr thermal spray coatings were tested in Ar-3.5H{sub 2}-0.1H{sub 2}S for 500h at 600 C and compared to AISI 1008 steel. The three Fe{sub 3}Al-type coatings were processed from the same lot of gas atomized Fe{sub 3}Al powder using a high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) thermal spray process and an air plasma spray (APS) process. In general, the Fe{sub 3}Al-type composition displayed excellent resistance to sulfidation corrosion at 600 C which correlated with the reported literature on wrought Fe{sub 3}Al alloys. HVOF processing did not significantly degrade the composition of the consumable and produced coatings with low porosity, low oxide content, high sulfidation resistance, and high resistance to sulfur penetration. In contrast, APS processing caused significant degradation to the particles which reduced the sulfidation resistance of the coating and enabled local sulfidation attack at alloy depleted regions. The APS processed Fe{sub 3}Al coating also contained high porosity which enabled sulfur to fully penetrate the splat boundaries of the coating to the substrate. The two Ni45Cr-type coatings were produced using different processes and different consumables. One of the Ni45Cr coatings was processed using a proprietary wire combustion arc-spray (CAS) process. The second Ni45Cr coating was processedmore » using a HVOF spray process. Both NiCr-type coatings reacted moderately with the sulfidizing gas at 600 C to form a mixed chromium oxide-sulfide scale despite marked differences in coating structure and composition. CAS processing caused significant degradation of the Ni45Cr consumable and produced a coating with low porosity and high oxide content. In contrast, HVOF processing caused negligible degradation of the Ni45Cr consumable and produced a coating with low porosity and moderate oxide content.« less