cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Signature OH absorption spectrum from cluster models of solvation: a solvent-to-solute charge transfer state.

Ab initio electronic structure theory calculations on cluster models support the characterization of the signature absorption spectrum of a solvated hydroxyl OH radical as a solvent-to-solute charge transfer state modulated by the hydrogen-bonding environment. Vertical excited states in OH(H2O)n clusters (n = 0−7, 16) calculated at the TDDFT level of theory (with companion calculations at the EOM-CCSD level of theory for n ≤ 7) show an intense band in the region of ∼250 nm. The calculations suggest that the intensity of the solvent-to-solute charge transfer transition depends strongly on a favorable alignment of the donor and acceptor molecular orbitals, as observed in one (n = 16) cluster. In the other (smaller) clusters, the transitions in this region were found to be weak as the clusters do not offer the necessary favorable alignment of orbitals. The present findings are consistent with the experimentally observed absorption at 230 nm that has been assigned to a solvent-to-solute charge transfer and pr...
Associations between seabirds and water-masses in the northern Pacific Ocean in summer

Seabirds were systematically censused during more than 6 000 transect counts from research vessels in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea during the summers of 1975 to 1984. Density indices were calculated for 1o latitude-longitude blocks for 71 species. Blocks were assigned to oceanographic regions (current systems and domains) on the bases of geography, sea surface temperature and salinity. Bird abundances across regions were patchy; concentrations occurred at boundaries. Regional avifaunas overlapped as a function of three factors: similarity of water-types, geographic adjacency, and proximity to nesting areas. Four major avifaunas were apparent: the Bering Sea (and adjacent regions), the Subarctic Current System/Transition Domain (and adjacent regions), Upwelling Domain, and North Pacific Central Water. The subarctic boundary sharply separated different avifaunas. Ocean productivity may be the factor that ultimately affects avifaunal composition.
Parathyroid carcinoma: a 43-year outcome and survival analysis.

Context: Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare but ominous cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Objectives and Main Outcome Measures: The objective of the study was to review the outcomes of parathyroid cancer patients and to evaluate the factors associated with mortality. Design, Setting, and Patients: This was a retrospective review performed on 37 patients with parathyroid cancer treated at a single university tertiary care center between 1966 and 2009. Results: The average age at cancer diagnosis was 53 yr (range 23–75 yr), and 23 patients (62%) were men. Eighteen patients (49%) recurred after their initial cancer operation. The average number of neck dissections done for cancer was three (range 1–11). After initial diagnosis, 22 patients (60%) eventually developed complications, including unilateral (n = 11) or bilateral (n = 3) vocal cord paralysis (38%). Eight patients (22%) had, at some point, an associated benign parathyroid adenoma. Median overall survival was 14.3 yr (range 10.5–25.7 yr) from the da...
Continuous infusion ABDIC therapy for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease.

Background. Patients whose Hodgkin's disease is refractory to standard combination chemotherapy usually have a poor prognosis. These patients are generally considered for bone marrow transplantation if the disease is still sensitive to chemotherapy. Methods. Between May 1988 and January 1992, 19 patients with refractory or relapsed Hodgkin's disease were treated with a regimen of doxorubicin, bleomycin, dacarbazine, lomustine, and prednisone (ABDIC). The ABDIC regimen as modified for continuous infusion by Hagemeister consisted of doxorubicin 25 mg/m2 by continuous infusion daily for 2 days, dacarbazine 200 mg/m2 by continuous infusion daily for 5 days, bleomycin 5 U/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 5, CCNU 40 mg/m2 on day l, and prednisone 40 mg/m2 daily on days 1–5. Treatment was repeated every 28 days. Results. At the time of treatment, mean age was 30.5 years (range 19–70), and time to ABDIC from initial diagnosis was 5.6 years (range 1–14). The mean number of prior chemotherapy regimens was 2.7 (range 1–5), and three of the patients had had autologous bone marrow transplantation before ABDIC. All patients had earlier received either mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone or a regimen of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine, and 16 had received both. The mean number of ABDIC cycles was 3.9 (range 2–12). Total response rate was 63%, with 10 patients having partial response and 2 having complete response of 12 and 27 months' duration. Seven patients subsequently underwent bone marrow transplantation; two of these are free of disease at 35 and 41 months. The treatment was well tolerated; major toxicities were nausea and bone marrow suppression. Conclusion. ABDIC is an active and well tolerated therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease, including those previously treated with ABVD. More importantly, perhaps, ABDIC as cytoreductive therapy followed by bone marrow transplantation offers the possibility of long term disease free survival in this heavily pretreated patient population.
Electrical engineering education: Iron wire exploration of alternating or constant magnetic fields

CONSTANT MAGNETIC FIELDS have commonly been explored with iron filings, a small compass, or search coil together with fluxmeter. Alternating fields have been explored with search coils and by other means.
Effect of MK-801 on the decrease in tryptophan hydroxylase induced by methamphetamine and its methylenedioxy analog

Abstract The role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the decrease in neostriatal tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) activity induced by repeated high doses of methamphetamine or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) was evaluated. Rats received 4 injections of methamphetamine (15 mg/kg) or MDMA (10 mg/kg) at 6 h intervals, and neostriatal TPH activity to 26 and 34% of control, respectively. Coadministration of MK-801 (2.5 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the methamphetamine-induced decrease in TPH activity (66% of control), but did not alter the effect of MDMA. This study suggests that excitatory amino acids may participate in the methamphetamine-induced decline in central TPH activity, and that the mechanism by which MDMA and methamphetamine decreases TPH activity may differ.
Phosphorus in periphyton mats provides the best metric for detecting low-level P enrichment in an oligotrophic wetland.

Abstract Growing concern over the ecological consequence of phosphorus (P) enrichment in freshwater wetlands has elicited considerable debate over the concentration of water column P associated with eutrophication. In the oligotrophic Everglades, the displacement of native communities by enriched ones is widespread and has occurred at sites experiencing only minimal elevations in P input. To help define regulatory criteria for P inputs to the Everglades, we constructed an experiment that mimics P input to the natural system by continuously delivering P at concentrations elevated 5, 15 and 30 μg l−1 above ambient to 100-m long flow-through channels. We compared patterns of P accumulation in the water, periphyton, detritus and soils among the channel treatments and also along a 16 km transect from an enriched canal that inflows to the interior of the same marsh. Water column TP and SRP were unrelated to input TP concentration in both the experiment and the marsh transect. However, concentrations of TP in periphyton mats were significantly elevated at all levels of experimental enrichment and as far as 2 km downstream from water inputs into the marsh. Elevated periphyton TP was associated with significant loss of periphyton biomass. In oligotrophic wetlands, traditional measures of water column SRP and TP will substantially underestimate P loading because biotically incorporated P is displaced from the water column to benthic surfaces. Using periphyton TP as a metric of P enrichment is uncomplicated and analogous to pelagic TP assessments in lakes where most P is sequestered in phytoplankton.
THE CAUSE OF CONTROL MOVEMENTS IN A TRACKING TASK

The classical cause-effect or input-output model of behavior breaks down when there is feedback from response to stimulus. Using a compensatory tracking task it is shown that response variations on different occasions can be nearly identical while stimulus variations on these occasions are completely unrelated. This result seems to rule out stimulus variations as the cause of responses which control (stabilize) the stimulus. When feedback exists, the cause of control must be viewed as an internal reference rather than an external stimulus.
Central venous catheters and upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in medical inpatients: the Medical Inpatients and Thrombosis (MITH) Study.

SummaryBackground Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) is an increasingly recognized complication in medical inpatients, with few data available regarding the incidence, risk factors and association with central venous catheter (CVC) use. Methods Between 2002 and 2009 all cases of hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (VTE) at a university hospital were frequency matched 1 : 2 to non-cases without VTE by admission year and medical service. Records were abstracted to identify, characterize and assess risk factors for UEDVT. Weighted logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for UEDVT associated with use of a CVC, adjusting for known VTE risk factors. Results Two hundred and ninety-nine cases of VTE complicated 64 034 admissions to medical services (4.6 per 1000 admissions). UEDVT constituted 51% (91/180) of all deep vein thrombosis (DVT), for an incidence of 1.4 per 1000 admissions (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8–1.7). There were 247 CVCs placed per 1000 admissions (95% CI, 203–292). The use of a CVC was associated with a 14.0-fold increased risk of UEDVT (95% CI, 5.9–33.2), but was not associated with a significantly increased risk of PE (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.8–2.1). Peripherally inserted central catheters had a higher OR for UEDVT (OR, 13.0; 95% CI, 6.1–27.6) than centrally inserted central venous catheters (CICC) (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.7–6.8). Conclusion UEDVT is a relevant complication affecting medical inpatients, accounting for half of hospital-acquired DVTs. Use of CVCs was strongly associated with risk of UEDVT.
Efficient separation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups

Abstract Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes synthesized from a mixture of ferrocene, xylenes, and acetonitrile using chemical vapor deposition technique comprise compartmented hollow structures resembling stacked cups. Separating stacked nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube cups (NCNCs) into individual cups is an attractive way to further manipulate their morphology, providing additional opportunities for applications of NCNCs. Here we demonstrate an effective, simple, and low-cost separation method to obtain individual NCNCs around 180 nm in length, by sonicating as-synthesized stacked NCNCs in concentrated KCl solution. Another advantage of this technique is that it is highly selective to the separation of adjacent NCNCs and capable of preserving the surface structure and functionalities of stacked NCNCs. Here we demonstrate that the presence of potassium ions is vital for the separation and we hypothesize that the separation mechanism involves a partial intercalation that facilitates the separation of NCNCs.
Use of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Diagnosis of Malaria in the United States

In the September issue of this journal, performance of BinaxNOW for the diagnosis of malaria in a major U.S. academic medical center was reported ([1][1]). Herein, we report performance of this test in a second large academic medical center in the United States. BinaxNOW was introduced at our
Enzymatic polymerization. III. The influence of a glucosyl accepto, methyl α-D-glucoside, on the molecular weight and kinetics of formation of dextran†

The presence of the glucosyl acceptor, methyl α-D-glucoside increases the rate of formation of dextran from sucrose, and partially diverts the reaction from production of polymer of very high molecular weight to production of polymer of very low molecular weight. A mechanism to explain this behavior is proposed. It is suggested that, in the absence of an acceptor, high molecular weight polymer is produced by an enzymatic chain reaction. In the presence of acceptor, a nonchain reaction, producing low molecular weight polymer, competes with the chain reaction. This proposal is formulated in detail, and it is shwon that its predictions are in agreement with the observed behavior of the system.
Traumatic tension chylothorax in a child: A case report

Blunt trauma is the leading cause of death of children and adolescents in the United States. Potentially life-threatening injuries from blunt trauma to the chest must be identified and treated immediately. Clinician familiarity with the range of possible injuries assists in timely diagnosis and therapy. Chylothorax from injury to the thoracic duct is a rare consequence of blunt chest trauma. Tension chylothorax is exceptionally rare. We present a case of a 22-month old boy found to have a traumatic tension chylothorax during initial evaluation in the resuscitation bay after transfer from another facility. There have been no previous reports of a pediatric tension chylothorax after blunt trauma. Management consisted of drainage with tube thoracostomy, parenteral nutrition, and octreotide until the chyle leak resolved. Surgical ligation of the thoracic duct was not required.
Chromosomal expression of the Haemophilus influenzae Hap autotransporter allows fine-tuned regulation of adhesive potential via inhibition of intermolecular autoproteolysis

The Haemophilus influenzae Hap autotransporter is a nonpilus adhesin that promotes adherence to respiratory epithelial cells and selected extracellular matrix proteins and facilitates bacterial aggregation and microcolony formation. Hap consists of a 45-kDa outer membrane translocator domain called Hap(beta) and a 110-kDa extracellular passenger domain called Hap(S). All adhesive activity resides within Hap(S), which also contains protease activity and directs its own secretion from the bacterial cell surface via intermolecular autoproteolysis. In the present study, we sought to determine the relationship between the magnitude of Hap expression, the efficiency of Hap autoproteolysis, and the level of Hap-mediated adherence and aggregation. We found that a minimum threshold of Hap precursor was required for autoproteolysis and that this threshold approximated expression of Hap from a chromosomal allele, as occurs in H. influenzae clinical isolates. Chromosomal expression of wild-type Hap was sufficient to promote significant adherence to epithelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins, and adherence was enhanced substantially by inhibition of autoproteolysis. In contrast, chromosomal expression of Hap was sufficient to promote bacterial aggregation only when autoproteolysis was inhibited, indicating that the threshold for Hap-mediated aggregation is above the threshold for autoproteolysis. These results highlight the critical role of autoproteolysis and an intermolecular mechanism of cleavage in controlling the diverse adhesive activities of Hap.
Minimum Wages and Poverty

Textbook analysis tells us that in a competitive labor market, the introduction of a minimum wage above the competitive equilibrium wage will cause unemployment. This paper makes two contributions to the basic theory of the minimum wage. First, we analyze the effects of a higher minimum wage in terms of poverty rather than in terms of unemployment. Second, we extend the standard textbook model to allow for incomesharing between the employed and the unemployed. We find that there are situations in which a higher minimum wage raises poverty, others where it reduces poverty, and yet others in which poverty is unchanged. We characterize precisely how the poverty effect depends on four parameters: the degree of poverty aversion, the elasticity of labor demand, the ratio of the minimum wage to the poverty line, and the extent of incomesharing. Thus, shifting the perspective from unemployment to poverty leads to a considerable enrichment of the theory of the minimum wage.
Analysis of chameleon sequences and their implications in biological processes.

Chameleon sequences have been implicated in amyloid related diseases. Here we report an analysis of two types of chameleon sequences, chameleon-HS (Helix vs. Strand) and chameleon-HE (Helix vs. Sheet), based on known structures in Protein Data Bank. Our survey shows that the longest chameleon-HS is eight residues while the longest chameleon-HE is seven residues. We have done a detailed analysis on the local and global environment that might contribute to the unique conformation of a chameleon sequence. We found that the existence of chameleon sequences does not present a problem for secondary structure prediction programs, including the first generation prediction programs, such as Chou–Fasman algorithm, and the third generation prediction programs that utilize evolution information. We have also investigated the possible implication of chameleon sequences in structural conservation and functional diversity of alternatively spliced protein isoforms. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Design of a wound irrigation system for standard irrigation solution containers

The purpose of this project is to design a system for wound irrigation during trauma situations. The wound irrigation system is designed to interface with standard irrigation solution containers. An irrigation system is needed in order to prevent the risk of infection by driving bacteria out of the wound. The design will be verified and validated once manufactured. The major requirement is that the irrigation system can be used to irrigate several types of wounds and generates a pressure of 8 to 12 psi.
Postdischarge Behavioral Health Treatment and 6-Month Reattempt Rate for Veterans Hospitalized for Suicide Attempt.

BACKGROUND: The highest risk for suicide occurs immediately after psychiatric discharge. The U.S. Department of Veteran’s Affairs’ (VA) suicide prevention program emphasizes suicide surveillance and frequent contact after suicide attempt. OBJECTIVES: To describe the 6-month reattempt rate and appointment characteristics for veterans after VA hospitalization for suicide attempt. DESIGN: This retrospective observational study identified veterans hospitalized for suicide attempt (N = 504). Comparisons of patient characteristics and treatment delivery were conducted between veteran groups. RESULTS: The sample (N = 504) was predominantly White (82%) and male (91%), with a median age of 50 years. The 6-month reattempt rate was 6%. Timing of first appointment was earlier in the reattempt group (n = 20) versus the no-reattempt group (n = 467). Appointment intensity, especially telephone appointments, was greater in the reattempt group. CONCLUSION: The effect of postdischarge treatment on preventing suicide cannot...
Control of exit flow and thermal conditions using two-layered thin films supported by flexible complex seals

Abstract This work considers flow and heat transfer inside an oscillatory disturbed two-layered thin film channel supported by flexible complex seals in the presence of suspended ultrafine particles. The governing continuity, momentum and energy equations for both layers are non-dimensionalized and categorized for small Reynolds numbers and negligible axial conduction. The deformation of the supporting seals is linearly related to both the pressure difference across the two layers and the upper plate’s temperature based on the theory of the linear elasticity and the principle of the volumetric thermal expansion applied to the closed voids within the seals. It is found that the flow rate and heat transfer in the main thin film channel can be increased by an increase in the softness of the seals, the thermal squeezing parameter, the thermal dispersion effect and the total thickness of two-layered thin film. However, they decrease as the dimensionless thermal expansion coefficient of the seals and the squeezing number of the main layer increase. Both the increase in thermal dispersion and in the thermal squeezing parameter for the secondary layer are found to increase the stability of the intermediate plate. Furthermore, the two-layered thin film channel is found to be more stable when the secondary flow is free of pulsations or it has relatively a large pulsating frequency. Finally, the proposed two-layered thin film supported by flexible complex seals unlike other controlling systems does not require additional mechanical control or external cooling devices.
Graphical solution of the material balance constraint for MSMPR crystallizers

Resolution simultanee de la distribution granulometrique exponentielle et du bilan matiere sur un graphique semi-logarithmique, en choisissant la tangente a la courbe de tangence qui represente le mieux les resultats experimentaux
Stellar Positioning System (Part II): Improving Accuracy During Implementation

This paper discusses the implementation of a Stellar Positioning System as well as techniques for error mitigation in experimentation and data post-processing. The hardware used during the development and testing of the Stellar Positioning System is described. Star-centroiding, star-identification, attitude estimation, and the local gravity vector were used by the Stellar Positioning System to determine latitude and longitude. Image processing, attitude filtering, and focal length estimation are presented as techniques to further improve the capabilities of the system. The resulting prototype was tested in three different locations and the results demonstrate accuracy of the Stellar Positioning System to be within 50 meters for short time intervals.
NEU-LAXOVA SYNDROME: Pathological Evaluation of a Fetus and Review of the Literature

Neu-Laxova syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by ichthyosis, intra-uterine growth retardation, microcephaly, short neck, central nervous system abnormalities, hypo-plastic or atelectatic lungs, limb deformities, edema, polyhydramnios, and short umbilical cord. Abnormal facial features include sloping forehead, hypertelorism, severe ectropion, proptosis, malformed ears, flat nose, and micrognathia. A necropsy study of a male infant with Neu-Laxova syndrome is described. Cleft palate and ambiguous external genitalia were present in addition to anomalies characteristic of Neu-Laxova syndrome. The clinical manifestations are compared with those of the 40 previously reported cases.
Pressure Mediates Angiotensin II–Induced Arterial Hypertrophy and PDGF-A Expression

Abstract —Angiotensin II (Ang II) may induce arterial hypertrophy either directly or through an increase in arterial pressure. To separate these 2 mechanisms, rats were implanted with osmopumps delivering either Ang II (100 ng · kg −1 · min −1 ) or saline. 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was delivered to both groups by osmopump (2.5 μg · kg −1 · min −1 ). Half of the rats in each group were given minoxidil (9 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) in their drinking water. After 14 days, systolic blood pressure was 117±2, 124±3, and 115±2 mm Hg in the control, Ang II–minoxidil, and minoxidil groups, respectively, and 181±6 mm Hg in the Ang II group ( P 35 S-labeled riboprobe for platelet-derived growth factor–A chain (PDGF-A) mRNA. The walls of the aorta and carotid arteries hypertrophied in the Ang II group only. There were no significant morphological differences in the small arteries. BrdU was negative in all arteries but positive in the renal tubules. Expression of PDGF-A was elevated 8-fold in the thoracic aorta of the Ang II group ( P
Postoperative warfarin following mitral valve repair or bioprosthetic valve replacement.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY Short-term postoperative warfarin therapy has been used to decrease neurologic events following mitral valve repair or bioprosthetic replacement (MVR). The study aim was to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing mitral valve surgery with or without short-term postoperative warfarin. METHODS A single academic US institution retrospective review was performed on discharged patients who underwent MVR between January 1996 and March 2010. Patients were allocated to two groups: MVR with four to six weeks of postoperative warfarin (n = 315; Warfarin group) or MVR without postoperative warfarin (n = 257; No warfarin group). Patients who required either preoperative or postoperative warfarin for any disease process (e.g., atrial fibrillation, mechanical valve, deep venous thrombosis) were excluded. Logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models were constructed to evaluate the effects of warfarin on short- and long-term outcomes, respectively. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and adjusted hazard ratios (AHR), with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were constructed for each outcome. To reduce selection bias, propensity scoring methods were employed to balance the groups with respect to 54 preoperative variables. RESULTS Mean age was not significantly different between groups (No warfarin group = 56.8 +/- 14.5 years versus Warfarin group 55.9 +/- 12.9 years; p = 0.46). The average length of hospital stay was 9.8 +/- 8.4 days and 7.3 +/- 4.5 days in the No warfarin and Warfarin groups, respectively (p < 0.001). At the six-week follow up the incidences of stroke (p = 0.74), pleural effusions (p = 0.88), pericardial effusions (p = 0.75), and bleeding complications (p = 0.30) were similar between the two groups. In an unadjusted Kaplan-Meier analysis, the No warfarin group had a poorer long-term survival than the Warfarin group (p < 0.001). However, after propensity adjustment, the benefit of warfarin was not statistically significant (AHR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.40-1.08, p = 0.098). CONCLUSION The use of postoperative warfarin following MVR does not reduce the incidence of stroke at early follow up. However, there remains a trend for improved long-term outcomes in those patients receiving postoperative warfarin therapy.
Regional Economics and Management in Closed Drainage Basins

How to manage salinity and drainage issues in a semi-arid region that receives surface water imports, is subject to a saline, high water table, and does not have an outlet for salts and drainage water? Options include source control, land retirement, water table controls, and drainage water reuse. The analyses suggest that agricultural production in such a region is sustainable over decadal periods. High levels of productivity and profitability can be maintained over policy-relevant time horizons, but as salts are imported into the region and if groundwater reuse just re-circulates salts in the system over reasonable time scales, it is physically certain that reuse cannot be relied upon forever because the water table salt concentration eventually will increase, absent external drainage.
How the Commander in Chief Power Swallowed the Rest of the Constitution

In his book, "War by Other Means", John Yoo, a former high-ranking official in the U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Legal Counsel under President George W. Bush, attempts to advance legal justifications for many of the Administration's most controversial programs in the war on terror, including coercive interrogations, the National Security Agency's wiretapping programs, military commissions, and The USA PATRIOT Act. Yoo, perhaps best known as the author of several of the so-called "torture memos" that the Administration used as the legal underpinning for its harsh questioning of detainees, argues that the president's constitutional role as commander in chief in a time of war allows almost any imaginable exercise of power by the executive that might be linked, however tenuously, to national security. In this essay, I assert that Yoo cannot be correct. His expansive reading of the wartime power of the executive makes the other branches of government, and even the Constitution itself, into an afterthought for any purpose the president may unilaterally ordain. While our system of government clearly gives the president considerable power to wage war and tend to foreign affairs, Yoo's vision takes us beyond protecting and defending the Constitution, to destroying it.
The cutaneous basophil response to particulate antigens.

SummaryCutaneous basophil hypersensitivity was elicited with particulate antigens consisting of egg albumin coupled to formalinized sheep red blood cells and sheep red blood cells themselves. By observation of these visible markers, it could be seen that basophils appeared predominantly in the superficial dermis while the antigen was engulfed by macrophages in the deeper dermis.The absence of contact between basophils and particulate antigen suggests that they are not primarily phagocytic in function and appear in response to chemotactic substances released from other cells.
Effect of Tungstic Acid Extract of Normal Human Urine Upon Ovary of Rodents

This is a histological report on the study of the ovaries of 20 rats and 24 mice which had been injected by Drs. Katzman and Doisy with their tungstic acid extract of normal human urine.All of the animals were injected on the twenty-first day of life and upon the 2 following days with 1 cc. of extract in the case of the mice and 2 cc. in the case of the rats. The mice were killed on the twenty-fourth or twenty-fifth day of life and the rats on the twenty-eighth or twenty-ninth day. Six rats and 8 mice were injected with the extract from the urine of adult males, 4 rats and 6 mice with the extract from the urine of normal females, 2 rats and 2 mice with the urine extract of pre-pubertal boys, one rat with the urine extract from a 16-year-old boy, one rat and 2 mice with the urine extract of an elderly female past the menopause, 6 rats and 6 mice with the urine extract from female castrates receiving theelin therapy.The common qualitative effects are: inhibition of follicular growth in most cases, marked co...
Embeddings of non-commutative L p -spaces into preduals of finite von Neumann algebras

Let $$\mathcal{R}$$ be a (not necessarily semi-finite) σ-finite von Neumann algebra. We prove that there exists a finite von Neumann algebra $$\mathcal{N}$$ so that for every 1 < p < 2, the Haagerup L p -space associated with $$\mathcal{R}$$ embeds isomorphically into $$\mathcal{N}_ * $$ . We also provide a proof of the following non-commutative generalization of a classical result of Rosenthal: if $$\mathcal{M}$$ is a semi-finite von Neumann algebra then every reflexive subspace of $$\mathcal{M}_ * $$ embeds isomorphically into L r ( $$\mathcal{M}$$ ) for some r > 1.
Bacteria Associated with the Walnut Husk Fly, Rhagoletis completa

In a study of the microflora associated with the walnut husk fly, Rhagaletis campleta Cresson, I obtained a total of 15 morphologically different isolates. Isolations were made from all life stages, as well as from rotted walnut pulp, under aerobic conditions. Out of the 15 isolates only 2, identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Xanthomonas sp., were associated with all life stages; a 3rd isolate, Serratia sp. was found to be associated with all but the pupal stage. None of the remaining isolates was associated with more than 2 life stages of the fly. The isolated Xanthomonas sp. was very similar to the walnut blight bacterium but unable to cause either necrosis, when infiltrated into young walnut leaves, or the hypersensitive reaction within tobacco leaves. Both sexes of adult R. completa bear an unpaired oesophageal diverticulum just anterior to the brain, housing bacteria.
NIMG-74ENHANCING LESIONS OUTSIDE THE IRRADIATED FIELD IN ANAPLASTIC OLIGODENDROGLIOMA: TUMOR OR NOT?

In patients with primary brain tumors, any new enhancement outside of the field of radiation is often assumed to be progressive disease and treated as such without confirmatory tissue. Recently we have encountered 3 cases that demonstrate that this cannot be universally assumed. All 3 patients had pathology proven anaplastic oligodendroglioma at initial resection with 1p19q codeletion. 2 patients were male and one was female, and age at presentation ranged from 39 to 50 years old. All were treated with resection and subsequent chemotherapy and focal radiation either up front or at first recurrence. 2 had recurrent tumors confirmed with resection and pathological diagnosis, which was then re-treated and stabilized for over two years in both cases. Months to years after last treatment, all 3 patients developed new enhancing masses outside the field of initial radiation with at least one lesion in the contralateral hemisphere. 2 out of 3 patients underwent biopsy of these new lesions, one demonstrating gliosis and necrosis, the other demonstrating plasma cell infiltrate. For one of these patients, serial MRI has subsequently demonstrated migrating enhancement but no clear progression. The third patient who did not undergo biopsy has undergone intermittent bevacizumab infusions with again waxing and waning enhancement for the last five years that continue to resolve each time bevacizumab is reinstituted. Clinically, all 3 patients are currently not receiving any treatment for their enhancement other than surveillance MRI and all remain neurologically stable with no new symptoms. While the pathophysiology of this phenomenon is not understood, these three cases demonstrate that new enhancing lesions outside the initial radiation treatment field should not be globally assumed to be new tumor foci or treated as such. In some patients, there may be patterns of enhancement that reflect other processes and do not require aggressive tumor management.
Research on Why Employment Structure Lags Behind the Industrial Transformation in China: A Microscopic Explanation from the Perspective of Human Capital——The Empirical Analysis Based On National Survey Data

This paper starts from the behavior features of micro individuals,studies the recognition of enterprise staffs on industrial transformation and policy adjustment and analyses the important roles played by the structure of human capital investment in industrial transformation and economic growth by a theoretical model.Research finds that human capital and industrial transformation influence mutually. The reasonable distribution of the structure of human capital investment is industrial transformation and economic growth. Insufficient subjective recognition of micro individuals on industrial transformation and employment adjustment policy and the low requirements for their own knowledge and skill level in the period of transformation is an important reason that leads to Chinese employment structure lagging behind industrial transformation. In addition,this paper compares the recognition of different degree groups on industrial transformation and employment policy by using T test. Results find that the high degree groups in the sample have a relatively strong resource allocation capacity. They pay more attention to industrial transformation and employment adjustment policy. The laborers that have degrees of junior college have the weakest resource allocation capacity of human capital,which indicates something on Chinese education.
HPLC Determination of Aflatoxin B_1 in Tea with Pre-column Derivatization

HPLC was applied to the determination of aflatoxin B1 in tea with pre-column derivatization.The sample was extracted with acetonitrile(85+15)solution.The supernatant was purified with MycoSepTM226 column,then derivatized by adding n-hexane and trifluoroacetic acid.C18 column was used as stationary phase and the analyte was determined with fluorescence detector.Linear relationship between values of peak area and mass concentration of aflatoxin B1 was kept in the range of 0.20-10.0μg·L-1 with detection limit(3S/N)of 0.1μg·kg-1.Tests for recovery were made at the concentration levels of 0.5,1.0and 5.0μg·L-1 of aflatoxin B1 standard,giving values of recovery and RSD′s(n=6)in the ranges of 91.9%-102% and 1.5%-6.9%respectively.
Patterns of metastasis and recurrence in thymic epithelial tumours: longitudinal imaging review in correlation with histological subtypes

Aim To determine the patterns of metastasis and recurrence in thymic epithelial tumours based on longitudinal imaging studies, and to correlate the patterns with World Health Organization (WHO) histological classifications. Materials and methods Seventy-seven patients with histopathologically confirmed thymomas ( n =62) and thymic carcinomas ( n =15) who were followed with cross-sectional follow-up imaging after surgery were retrospectively studied. All cross-sectional imaging studies during the disease course were reviewed to identify metastasis or recurrence. The sites of involvement and the time of involvement measured from surgery were recorded. Results Metastasis or recurrence was noted in 24 (31%) of the 77 patients. Patients with metastasis or recurrence were significantly younger than those without (median age: 46 versus 60, respectively; p =0.0005), and more commonly had thymic carcinomas than thymomas ( p =0.002). The most common site of involvement was the pleura (17/24), followed by the lung (9/24), and thoracic nodes (9/24). Abdominopelvic involvement was noted in 12 patients, most frequently in the liver ( n =8). Lung metastasis was more common in thymic carcinomas than thymomas ( p =0.0005). Time from surgery to the development of metastasis or recurrence was shortest in thymic carcinoma, followed by high-risk thymomas, and was longest in low-risk thymoma (median time in months: 25.1, 68.8, and not reached, respectively; p =0.0015). Conclusions The patterns of metastasis and recurrence of thymic epithelial tumours differ significantly across histological subgroups, with thymic carcinomas more commonly having metastasis with shorter length of time after surgery. The knowledge of different patterns of tumour spread may contribute to further understanding of the biological and clinical behaviours of these tumours.
A fresh look at management of depression. How to choose and use the newer antidepressant drugs.

PREVIEWTreatment of major depression has been revolutionized in the last 25 years and has undergone a particularly dramatic transformation in the most recent 10 years. A number of new, safe, and effective medications have been developed to help patients find relief from the disabling—and sometimes devastating—symptoms of depression. This article presents an overview of the pharmacologic options available, considerations for choosing between these options, and suggestions for managing side effects.
The Postwar Boom: The Universalization of Higher Education

This chapter provides a broad overview of the postwar boom in higher education in different world regions. First, it examines the explosive growth in the number of higher education institutions in every world region. Second, it chronicles and compares the patterns of growth in student enrolments, which turned pre-World War elite education into postwar mass education. Massification had a profound impact on the composition, organization, role, and purposes of higher education. Finally, the chapter outlines some of the key disruptive forces that faced higher education as the 20th century transitioned into the 21st century. One is demographic decline in the global North and the population bulge in the global South especially Africa.
The Netherlands and Luxembourg

The two main factors influencing the immigration of workers to the Netherlands during the past decade have been the return of Dutch nationals from Indonesia and New Guinea and, since 1960, the tension on the labour market. A rise in unemployment, which reached its peak in 1958 and led to an increase in the emigration of Dutch nationals, was accompanied by the influx of approximately 38,000 repatriates from Indonesia, which added some 8,500 men and 1,700 women to the Netherlands labour force during the same year (actually 1956 was the peak of Dutch overseas emigration). In the following years the number of repatriates fell to some 8,000 until the transfer of West New Guinea to Indonesia in 1962 when it rose again to 20,000. The Dutch economy’s need for labour, which became acute in 1960, gave rise to a drive for the recruitment of additional foreign workers through official governmental bodies and agreements were concluded with Italy (1960), Spain (1961), Portugal (1963) and Turkey (1964). In addition, a procedure protocol was drafted with the Maltese Government (1964) and a recruitment agreement is now being negotiated with the Greek Government. Furthermore, the Benelux Labour Treaty concluded in 1956 between Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg became operative on the 1st of November, 1960.
Foraging Ecology and Diets

This chapter focuses on how amphibians and reptiles detect, pursue, and capture their prey; the relative sizes of prey; the kinds of food they eat; and the evolution of sensory systems relative to prey choice. Diets of amphibians and reptiles are complex and influenced by many abiotic and biotic variables. As a result, methods, analyses, and interpretations of diet studies vary considerably, and no single best protocol exists. Amphibians and reptiles have a huge diversity of food items available, yet no amphibian or reptile eats all available items. Instead, an individual eats a particular subset of available food, and diets of individuals usually reflect diets of a species in a particular habitat. Foraging behavior was assumed to be driven in each species by a combination of competition and energetic aspects impinging upon a particular species. This interpretation was made and widely accepted in spite of the observation that specific foraging modes were shared by closely related species and groups of species. Two well-publicized foraging modes are recognized: sit-and-wait foraging (also referred to as ambush foraging) and active foraging (also referred to as wide foraging). Prey of amphibians and reptiles can be detected by visual (usually moving prey), chemical (usually non moving prey), tactile (moving and non moving), or thermal (moving and non moving) cues. A multitude of factors determines the kinds of prey a particular species will eat. The spectrum of prey available in a particular habitat is certainly a major limiting factor.
InP based quantum dash lasers with 2 /spl mu/m wavelength

Room temperature operation of a quantum dash-in-a-well (DWELL) laser based on InP at 2.03 µm wavelength has been achieved. An uncoated laser employing five DWELL layers in the active region shows threshold current densities between 540 and 950Acm-2. Slope efficiencies range from 3.5 to 6.8 %. The internal efficiency was estimated at 52 % and the internal losses at 55cm-1. This is the longest wavelength reported so far for quantum DWELL lasers.
A fragment-cloud model for asteroid breakup and atmospheric energy deposition

Abstract As asteroids break up during atmospheric entry, they deposit energy that can be seen in flares of light and, if substantial enough, can produce damaging blast waves. Analytic models of asteroid breakup and energy deposition processes are needed in order to assess potential airburst hazards, and to enable inferences about asteroid properties or breakup physics to be made from comparisons with observed meteors. This paper presents a fragment-cloud model (FCM) that is able to represent a broad range of breakup behaviors and the resulting variations in energy deposition in ways that make it a useful tool for both applications. Sensitivity studies are performed to investigate how variations the model's fragmentation parameters affect the energy deposition results for asteroids 20–500 m in diameter. The model is also used to match observational data from the Chelyabinsk meteor and infer potential asteroid properties and representative modeling parameter ranges. Results illustrate how the model's fragmentation parameters can introduce different energy deposition features, and how much they affect the overall energy deposition rates, magnitudes, and altitudes that would drive ground damage for risk assessment applications.
Quality and cost comparison of powered versus manual bone marrow biopsy devices in patients with myelofibrosis

Evaluation of bone marrow (BM) architecture with a high-quality trephine biopsy is essential for diagnosis of many hematologic disorders [1]. For decades manual bone marrow biopsy devices (MBM) hav...
P316 Time-frequency analysis of the mu rhythm during the perception of swallowing physiology

Objectives Similar to other complex sequences of muscle activity, swallowing relies heavily upon ‘sensorimotor integration.’ Sensorimotor integration provides critical contributions that modulate the strength and timing of swallowing. Alpha ( ∼ 8–13 Hz) and beta ( ∼ 15–25 Hz) event related desynchronization (ERD), or mu ERD, provides a measure of sensorimotor activity. Independent component analysis (ICA) and event related spectral perturbations (ERSP) offer an exciting opportunity to localize and measure cortical sensorimotor activity during real-time perception of swallowing. Thus, the current study aims to measure mu ERD during the perception of different presentations of oropharygneal swallowing physiology. Methods Ten participants underwent 64 channel electroencephalography (EEG) while observing three different video presentations of oropharyngeal swallowing physiology as well as a non-biological control video. Results Independent component analysis (ICA) and Event Related Spectral Perturbations (ERSP) revealed bilateral sensorimotor (mu) component clusters. Apha and beta ERD was stronger when participants watched videos of swallowing (pFDR .05) as compared to the control video. Discussion Observing videos of swallowing may activate a form of covert replay, which induces similar patterns of sensorimotor activity as compared to patterns of sensorimotor activity during the performance of swallowing. Conclusion Motor skill acquisition and mastery is achieved through repeated exposure to multi-modal learning experiences (Kolb et al., 1999). Eliciting sensorimotor activity during the observation of swallowing may serve to reinforce one’s ‘internal model’ of swallowing. Significance The metacognitive awareness of swallowing could be used to therapeutically reinforce one’s internal model representation of swallowing during efforts to acquire, refine, or restore swallowing.
Increasing the size of ureteral access sheath during retrograde intrarenal surgery improves surgical efficiency without increasing complications

To directly compare intraoperative and post-operative outcomes and complications between three groups undergoing ureteroscopy: no ureteral access sheath, 12/14 Fr and larger 14/16 Fr ureteral access sheaths (UAS). We retrospectively reviewed demographic, pre-operative, intraoperative, and post-operative data of 257 patients who underwent ureteroscopy for nephrolithiasis by a single surgeon from January 2013 through July 2015. Patients were separated into three groups: no UAS, a 12/14 Fr UAS, or 14/16 Fr UAS. Outcomes included differences in stone-free rate, post-procedure-related events (PRE), ureteral injury rate (measured by early post-operative hydronephrosis), and post-operative complications. A UAS was used in 65.4% (168/257) patients, with 73.8% (124/168) utilizing a 12/14 Fr UAS and 26.2% (44/168) utilizing a 14/16 Fr UAS. Those patients in whom a 14/16 Fr UAS was employed had greater stone burden compared to the 12/14 Fr UAS group (180.8 ± 18.0 vs. 104 ± 9.1 mm2, p < 0.001). When comparing 12/14 Fr and 14/16 Fr ureteral access sheaths, there was no significant difference in ureteral injury rate, complications (10.5 vs. 11.4%, respectively; p = 0.87), or overall stone-free rate (78.1 vs. 81.3%, p = 0.70). The mean amount of stone burden treated per minute of operative time was more than 30% higher in the 14/16 Fr UAS group compared to 12/14 Fr UAS group (2.11 vs. 1.62 mm2/min; p = 0.01). The use of a 14/16 Fr UAS allows for similar stone-free rate and improved operative efficiency with no increased risk of ureteral injury or post-operative complications when compared to the 12/14 Fr UAS.