cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cellular Phone Interference With External Cardiopulmonary Monitoring Devices

• Objectives: To determine the potential effect (electromagnetic interference) of cellular telephones on external cardiopulmonary monitoring devices. • Methods: For this study, we tested 17 different medical devices with 5 portable telephones (4 digital, 1 analog) to assess the potential for electromagnetic interference. The telephones were tested in a normal operating mode to simulate a typical hospital environment with patients or their families using their cellular phones. The medical devices were connected to the appropriate simulators for proper operation while the tests were under way. The screens and alarms of the medical devices were monitored while the telephones were maneuvered in the y and z planes near the devices. Clinically important interference was defined as interference that may hinder interpretation of the data or cause the equipment to malfunction. • Results: Any type of interference occurred in 7 (41%) of the 17 devices tested during 54.7% of the 526 tests. The incidence of clinically important interference was 7.4%. • Conclusions: Cellular telephones may interfere with the operation of external cardiopulmonary monitoring devices. However, most of the test results showed that the interference would rarely be clinically important. Mayo Clin Proc. 2001;76:11-15
Multicultural Citizenship Education: Case Studies from Social Studies Classrooms

Although multicultural citizenship education has been theorized as a goal of social studies, there is a paucity of empirical research to illustrate what actually occurs in diverse schools and class...
Subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy in three siblings.

SUMMARY A number of metabolic disorders are vitamin-dependent, and among these may be subacute necrotising encephalomyelopathy (sne). A description is given of three children in one family suffering from this disorder. The symptomatology is reviewed and it is stressed that laboratory tests are of limited value in diagnosis. Pathological findings are characteristic, and similar to Wernicke's encephalopathy. sne appears to be related to the oxidation of pyruvate; as this is dependent on a multi-enzyme complex, it is likely that sne is the result of a number of apo-enzyme and co-enzyme deficiencies. Theories in support of this are discussed, together with the rationale for treatment of the disorder with a variety of co-enzymes. RESUME Nombre de conditions sont sous la dependance de vitamines et parmi celles-ci il est possible qu'il y ait une encephalopathie necrosante subaigue (sne). Trois enfants d'une famille souffrant de ce trouble font l'objet d'une description. La symptomatologie est analysee et il est souligne que les examens de laboratoire ont peu de valeur diagnostique. Les signes pathologiques sont caracteristiques et semblables a ceux de l'encephalopathie de Wernicke. La sne apparait liee a l'oxydation des pyruvates; comme celle-ci depend d'un complexe multi-enzymatique, il est vraisemblable que la sne est le resultat d'un certain nombre de deficiences d'apo-enzymes et de co-enzymes. Les theories en faveur de cette hypothese sont discutees, ainsi que les raisons d'un traitement du trouble par differentes varietes de co-enzymes. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Es gibt eine Anzahl von Erkrankungen, die vitaminabhangig sind, und zu diesen ist moglicherweise auch die subakute nekrotisierende Enzephalomyelopathie (sne) zu rechnen. Die pathologischen Befunde sind chrakteristisch und ahnlich denen der Wernicke-Enzephalopathie. Die sne scheint mit der Pyruvatoxidation in Verbindung zu stehen; da dies von einem Multi-Enzymkomplex abhangt, ist es wahrscheinlich, das die sne auf dem Fehlen mehrerer Apo-und Coenzyme beruht. Theorien, die dies unterstutzen, werden diskutiert, zusammen mit der wissenschaftlichen Begrundung der Behandlung dieser Erkrankung mit einer Vielfalt von Coenzymen. RESUMEN Un numero de alteraciones son vitamino-dependientes y entre ellas puede contarse la encefalomielopatia necrotizante subaguda (ens). Se describen tres ninos en una familia que padecian esta alteracion. Se revisa la sintomatologia y se subraya que los tests de laboratorio son de un valor limitado para el diagnostico. Los hallazgos anatomo-patologicos son caracteristicos y similares a la encefalopatia de Wernicke. ens parece estar en relacion con la oxidacion del piruvato. Como este esta en dependencia con un complejo multi-enzimatico, es plausible que la ens sea el resultado de un grupo de deficiencias en apo y co-enzimas. Se discuten teorias que apoyan esta hipotesis y se razona al tratamiento de la alteration con una variedad de co-enzimas.
Structural Characteristics and Catalytic Properties of Highly Dispersed ZrO2/SiO2 and V2O5/ZrO2/SiO2 Catalysts

Highly dispersed ZrO2/SiO2 and V2O5/ZrO2/SiO2 catalysts were successfully synthesized by the incipient wetness impregnation method. The surface structures of these catalysts in hydrated and dehydrated states were characterized by in situ Raman and UV−vis−near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopies. Temperature-programmed reduction and methanol oxidation were employed as chemical probe reactions to examine the reducibility and reactivity/selectivity properties of these catalysts. These characterization techniques demonstrate that both zirconium oxide and vanadium oxide species are highly dispersed as two-dimensional metal oxide overlayers on the silica support. The spectroscopic results revealed that the surface vanadium oxide species on the highly dispersed ZrO2/SiO2 supports are predominantly isolated VO4 units [OV(O−support)3] in the dehydrated state and become polymerized vanadium oxide species upon hydration. The surface vanadium oxide species preferentially interact with the zirconium oxide spec...
Molecular mechanical studies on left- and right-handed B-DNA.

Molecular mechanical simulations on base-paired deoxyhexanucleoside phosphates, (dAdT)3 · (dAdT)3, (dTdA)3 · (dTdA)3, (dGdC)3 · (dGdC)3, and (dCdG)3 · (dCdG)3, have been carried out to assess their energetic stabilities in left- and right-handed forms. These hexamers have also been simulated with alternating sugar-puckering profiles with the combinations (purine : C2′-endo–pyrimidine : C3′-endo) and (purine : C3′-endo–pyrimidine C2′-endo). The right-handed models have been found to be the energetically most stable structures and the left-handed structures are significantly destabilized. This instability has been rationalized in terms of competition between stabilizing stacking interactions on one hand, and distortions in the bond angles and torsion angles in the sugar-phosphate backbone on the other.
The effect of captopril on urinary protein excretion in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats.

ABSTIL4ff. We investigated the effect of captopril, an orally active angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on urinary protein excretion in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrotic rats. The administration of captopril(10 mg/100 g body weight) decreased proteinuria on days 10-14 following the administration of puromycin aminonucleoside (73.0 versus 125.0 rng, p c 0.01), without affecting glomerular filtration rate. The beneficial effect of captopril was not abolished by the continuous intravenous infusion of angiotensin I1 (10 pg/kg/h for 9 days) or subcutaneous injections of aprotinin (50,000 KIU/day for 3 days). Indomethacin, in moderate (5 mg/kg/day for 3 days) or high (10 mg/ kg/day) doses, abolished the captopril attenuation in urinary protein excretion. The salutory effect of captopril was characteized by a reduction in the fractional excretion of protein without compromising the glomerular filtration rate. No difference in renal ultrastructure was noted in captopril-treated versus control animals. Captopril was ineffective in reducing urinary protein excretion in rats with adriamycin-induced glomerulopathy. We conclude that captopril acts to reduce proteinuria in renal disease states arising from depletion of the glomerular basement membrane polyanion. The mechanism of action is postulated to be an alteration in renal hemodynamics, namely increased blood flow and a decrease in the ultrafiltration coefficient, that are the consequence of increased intrarenal prostaglandin production. (Pediatr Res 19: 828-834, 1985)
A two-phase approximation for model checking probabilistic unbounded until properties of probabilistic systems

We have developed a new approximate probabilistic model-checking method for untimed properties in probabilistic systems, expressed in a probabilistic temporal logic (PCTL, CSL). This method, in contrast to the existing ones, does not require the untimed until properties to be bounded a priori, where the bound refers to the number of discrete steps in the system required to verify the until property. The method consists of two phases. In the first phase, a suitable system- and property-dependent bound k0 is obtained automatically. In the second phase, the probability of satisfying the k0-bounded until property is computed as the estimate of the probability of satisfying the original unbounded until property. Both phases require only verification of bounded until properties, which can be effectively performed by simulation-based methods. We prove the correctness of the proposed two-phase method and present its optimized implementation in the widely used PRISM model-checking engine. We compare this implementation with sampling-based model-checking techniques implemented in two tools: PRISM and MRMC. We show that for several models these existing tools fail to compute the result, while the two-phase method successfully computes the result efficiently with respect to time and space.
Responses following Suicide and Other Types of Death: The Perspective of the Bereaved:

In order to compare the bereavement experience following different types of death, fifty-seven university students who had recently lost a friend or relative by suicide, accident, homicide, natural...
The effects of sex, sex-stereotyped descriptions, and institution on evaluations of teachers

The author studied the effects of sex of subject and teacher, sex-stereotyped descriptions of teacher, and institutional level on evaluations of teachers. Subjects were 16 male and 16 female students, each evaluating 16 randomly ordered descriptions of teachers on the dimensions of competent—incompetent, warm—cold, hardworking—not hardworking, feminine—masculine, intelligent—not intelligent, a superior teacher—an inferior teacher, and should be rehired—should not be rehired. The teachers were described 1) with male or female names, 2) as teaching nursery school, elementary school, high school, or college, and 3) as possessing traits stereotyped as masculine or feminine, forming a 2×2×4×2 design. The teachers described as masculine were rated much more positively on all variables except warmth. Female teachers were seen as warmer and more feminine than male teachers, and female subjects rated the teachers as more intelligent than male subjects. The difference in ratings of teachers with masculine versus feminine characteristics on the superiority and rehiring measures increased as the institutional level increased from nursery school to elementary school to high school to college.
Anxiety of Alzheimer's disease patients before and after a standardized on-road driving test.

Abstract Background A large number of licensed elderly drivers are demented or are likely to become demented. On-road driving tests, a method often used to assess driver competency, are likely anxiety-provoking for elderly individuals. This article examines the relationship between anxiety and driving performance in a mildly demented and elderly control (EC) sample. Methods Anxiety ratings of fear and tension, as assessed by visual analog scales, of 84 patients clinically diagnosed with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) (68 safe/marginal and 16 unsafe drivers) were compared with those of 44 age- and education-equated safe/marginal EC participants, both before and after a standardized on-road driving test. Results Analyses revealed significant positive correlations between AD patients' pre–road test and post–road test tension and post–road test fear ratings and total road test score. Subsequent analyses of variance showed no significant pre–road test differences in fear ratings between the three groups but significantly higher levels of tension among the unsafe AD participants. After adjusting for baseline group differences, unsafe AD drivers experienced stable or higher anxiety levels after road test, whereas both the EC and safe/marginal AD drivers endorsed a significant reduction in anxiety. Discussion Unlike their safe EC and safe AD driver counterparts, unsafe AD patients reported continued elevated levels of fear and tension after the road test. Given these findings, we suggest that the most appropriate time for driving instructors to counsel patients regarding their driving skills might be directly after the road test.
Near infrared two‐photon laser spectroscopy of the 2 1Σ+g state of 7Li2

The results of a nonresonant near infrared two‐photon laser spectroscopic study of the 2 1Σ+g state of 7Li2 are presented. Over 1000 rotationaly resolved 2 1Σ+g←X 1Σ+g transitions spanning 2300 cm−1 of the 2 1Σ+g potential well have been assigned and analyzed. Data from the v’=1 to v’=21 vibrational levels are used to obtain 2 1Σ+g state Dunham molecular constants as well as band‐by‐band constants. These data are also used to construct a Rydberg–Klein–Rees (RKR) potential which corresponds to 89% of the potential well depth. The results for the lower v’ levels are in agreement with the previously determined molecular constants for v’=0 to v’=16 [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 116, 271 (1986)]. For the higher v’ levels they reveal the perturbations from the 1 1Πg state. Comparisons with the results of ab initio calculations are made. In the 2 1Σ+g←X 1Σ+g nonresonant two‐photon excitation only Q‐branch transitions are observed with plane polarized radiation.
THE TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM AND THE VOGEL APPROXIMATION METHOD

This paper shows that the so-called “transportation problem” possesses the four characteristics which define linear programming (LP) type problems. Thus, the transportation problem can always be solved by using the Simplex Method, a well-known but tedious technique for dealing with any linear programming problem. A special procedure for solving the transportation problem is the so-called “Transportation Method,” which involves three steps. However, due to intricacies in steps 2 and 3, this Method can, like Simplex, become quite tedious and time-consuming. A short-cut approach to solving the transportation problem is the Vogel Approximation Method (VAM), which is a very simple means of performing step 1 of the Transportation Method. Application of VAM to a given problem does not guarantee that an optimal solution will result. However, a very good solution is invariably obtained, and is obtained with comparatively little effort. For many purposes, using VAM to carry out step 1 of the Transportation Method eliminates (or all but eliminates) the need for performing steps 2 and 3. The mechanics of the Vogel Approximation Method are illustrated with reference to a particular transportation problem.
SCAP based configuration analytics for comprehensive compliance checking

Computing systems today have large number of security configuration settings that are designed to offer flexible and robust services. However, incorrect configuration increases the potential of vulnerability and attacks. Security Content Automation Protocol provides a unified mean to automate the process of checking the desktop system compliance using standard interfaces. However, misconfiguration can be identified only if global checking that includes network and desktop configuration is performed, as many of these configurations are highly interdependent. In this work we present a SCAP-based tool that integrates host and network configuration compliance checking in one model and allows for executing comprehensive analysis queries in order to verify security and risk requirements across the end-to-end network as a single system. Our proposed tool translates XCCDF reports generated from SCAP tools into logical objects that can be further composed to create global logical analysis using more advanced security analytic tools such as ConfigChecker and PROLOG-based tools. This project also shows the value of building on the effort of standard tools to improve the state of the art.
Aerodynamics Performance Test of a High-Speed Miniature Centrifugal Compressor

Reverse Turbo-Brayton cryocooler (RTBC) is a possible solution for NASA long term Zero-Boil-off (ZBO) hydrogen storage system for future space missions. RTBC cryocooler can have similar thermal efficiency as the current state-of-the-art LH2 cryocoolers with much less weight and size. The miniature helium compressor is the key component for this system, because it contributes the major portion in weight reduction. The present paper concentrates on the performance evaluation of an aerodynamically scaled miniature single-stage air compressor design, which is the first stage in the prototype of the future two-stage inter-cooled helium compressor. The single stage centrifugal compressor, designed by the authors, features a radial impeller, an axial diffuser driven by an integrated high speed permanent magnet synchronous motor run on ceramic ball bearings. In this paper, issues addressing performance of a miniature machine such as the present integrated single-stage centrifugal compressor and issues including thermal management, rotordynamics, effect of blade tip clearance, testing techniques are discussed. According to the test results, the design of the single stage was successful and established a solid base for the future two-stage helium compressor design.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Immigration-Related Factors and Mental Disorders Among Asian Americans

Objectives. We examined lifetime and 12-month rates of any depressive, anxiety, and substance abuse disorders in a national sample of Asian Americans. We focused on factors related to nativity and immigration as possible correlates of mental disorders.Methods. Data were derived from the National Latino and Asian American Study, the first national epidemiological survey of Asian Americans in the United States.Results. The relationships between immigration-related factors and mental disorders were different for men and women. Among women, nativity was strongly associated with lifetime disorders, with immigrant women having lower rates of most disorders compared with US-born women. Conversely, English proficiency was associated with mental disorders for Asian men. Asian men who spoke English proficiently generally had lower rates of lifetime and 12-month disorders compared with nonproficient speakers.Conclusions. For Asian Americans, immigration-related factors were associated with mental disorders, but in d...
A SYSTEM LEVEL STUDY OF THE LONGITUDINAL CONTROL OF A PLATOON OF VEHICLES

This paper presents a preliminary system study of a longitudinal control law for a platoon of nonidentical vehicles using a simplified nonlinear model for the vehicle dynamics. This study advances the art of automatic longitudinal control for a platoon of vehicles in the sense that is considers longer platoons composed of nonidentical vehicles; furthermore, the longitudinal control laws presented in this study take advantage of communication possibilities not available in the recent past
The influence of mental skills on motivation and psychosocial characteristics.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this observational, cross-sectional study was to assess psychosocial characteristics and intrinsic motivation in a convenience sample of Army soldiers with different mental skills profiles. Participants were recruited immediately before or immediately following regular training activities. Anonymous surveys were completed and collected in the training area. Instruments used in this study included the Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool-3 Revised for Soldiers; Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale; Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21; University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale; Beck Hopelessness Scale; Intrinsic Motivation Inventory; and an anger measure. Soldiers with strong mental skill profiles were more intrinsically motivated and psychosocially healthier than their peers with weaker mental skill profiles. It is recommended that a proactive approach to psychological health promotion practices in soldiers be sought rather than reactive treatment plans to psychological sequelae....
Identifiability of the Joint Distribution of Age and Tumor Size at Detection in the Presence of Screening

In recent years, a stochastic model of cancer development and detection allowing for arbitrary screening schedules has been developed and applied to analysis of screening trials and population-based cancer incidence and mortality data. The model is entirely mechanistic, builds on a minimal set of biologically plausible assumptions, and yields the joint distribution of tumor size and age of a patient at the time of diagnosis. Whether or not parameters of the model can be estimated from data generated by cohort studies depends on model identifiability. The present paper provides a proof of this important property of the model.
Free perichondrial graft from the ear to the knee in rabbits.

Perichondrial grafts used in arthroplasties have been placed routinely with the cartilage-producing surface facing the joint space. Our study evaluates whether the orientation of the cartilage- producing surface of the perichondrial graft toward or away from the eburnated bone had any effect on the graft pattern 8 weeks after surgery. Fourteen rabbits were studied. The cartilage of both lower limb patellae was removed in all rabbits. The eburnated surfaces of 12 rabbits received perichondrial grafts from the ear, cartilage-producing side facing the joint space in one limb and cartilage-producing surface facing the bone in the other. Two rabbits that received no perichondrial grafts were also studied. After 8 weeks, the animals were killed and the patellar surfaces evaluated by gross and histologic studies. We observed that graft orientation made no difference in the histologic appearance or the thickness of the neocartilage formed.
Evidence against a role for guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate in rat submandibular salivary gland potassium release

Abstract The role of guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) in the net K + efflux following parasympathomimetic and sympathomimetic stimulation in dispersed rat submandibular cells was evaluated. In unstimulated cells, approx. 70 per cent of the total cGMP content was present in the incubation medium; the addition of 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (MIX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, to the medium elevated both intracellular and extracellular levels of cGMP. Cholinergic receptor stimulation resulted in a rapid increase of the cGMP content in the cells and in the medium. Extracellular Ca 2+ was necessary for an increased cGMP response and MIX potentiated the cGMP response. Adrenergic-receptor activation produced a slight increase in cGMP after 5 min of stimulation but only when MIX was present in the medium. cGMP analogues (8-Br-cGMP and Bt 2 cGMP) had no effect on the rate of maximal net K + efflux, on submaximal net K + efflux, or on K + re-uptake following parasympathomimetic or sympathomimetic stimulation. The dose-response relationship for a cholinergic agonist, carbamylcholine, or an adrenergic agonist, norepinephrine, was unaffected by the presence of either 8-Br-cGMP or Bt 2 cGMP in the medium. MIX, at a concentration sufficient to increase intracellular and extracellular cGMP levels, had no effect on net K + efflux. These data do not support a role for cGMP in modulating rat submandibular potassium release.
Children's conceptions of friendship: A multimethod study of developmental changes.

Although previous research has examined the development of children's conceptions of friendship, two major limitations currently exist. First, previous investigators have relied principally on a single methodological approach-the open-ended interview. Second, little is known about children's expectations of other peer relationships or how friendship expectations are distinguished from them. These two issues were addressed in the present study by administering second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade children three measures: (a) an open-ended interview, (b) a story-recognition task, and (c) a questionnaire about the importance of different characteristics to friendships and acquaintances. In general, friendship expectations based on dispositional characteristics increased in saliency with age, whereas characteristics referring to overt behaviors remained constant. Several substantive differences were found among the three measures. Children recognized the importance of different friendship expectations before spontaneously reporting them in the interview. Moreover, the recognition tasks yielded a more complete set of friendship expectations than the interview did. Finally, children of all ages differentiated between expectations for friends and acquaintances, but the degree of differentiation increased with age.
DOE Large Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Development at NASA Lewis Research Center

Large wind turbine activities managed by NASA Lewis are reviewed. These activities include results from the first and second generation field machines (Mod-OA, -1, and -2), the status of the Department of Interior WTS-4 machine for which NASA is responsible for technical management, and the design phase of the third generation wind turbines (Mod-5).
Layered double hydroxide stability. 2. Formation of Cr(III)-containing layered double hydroxides directly from solution

Solutions containing divalent metal [M(II) = Mg2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+] chlorides and CrCl3 6H2O were titrated with NaOH to yield, for M(II) = Zn, Co, and Ni, hydrotalcite-like layered double hydroxides (LDHs), [[M(II)]1-z[Cr(III)]z(OH)2][Cl]z yH2O, in a single step, without intermediate formation of chromium hydroxide. Analysis of the resultant titration curves yields solubility constants for these compounds. These are in the order Zn < Ni approximately Co, with a clear preference for formation of the phase with z = 1/3. With Mg2+ as chloride, titration gives a mixture of Cr(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2, but the metal sulfates give Mg2Cr(OH)6 1/2(SO4) by a two-step process. Titrimetric and spectroscopic evidence suggests short-range cation order in the one-step LDH systems.
Primary gastric lymphomas: A clinicopathologic study of 58 cases with long‐term follow‐up and literature review

A large series of primary gastric lymphomas with long-term follow-up (average, 12.8 years) is reported. A number of factors known to affect nodal lymphoma were examined. Five- and ten-year survival rates were 57 and 46%, respectively. Statistically significant favorable prognostic variables were smaller tumor size (57 cm), superficial mural invasion (submucosal only), and pathologic Stage I disease; these variables were intimately interrelated. A favorable influence on survival was discerned concerning histologic type and nodular histology, although still below statistical significance. No significant relation to survival was observed concerning clinical weight loss or palpable mass, vascular invasion, mode of therapy, or histologic subtypes of “histocytic” lymphoma. Of patients who succumbed to disease, 75% did so within two years (average, 1.8 years); however, later recurrence and death may occur. An argument for resection of localized disease is presented. Mitotic index and nuclear diameter were of diagnostic importance, and associated lesions such as pseudolymphomas are discussed in relation to pathogenesis. Histologic variation within tumors suggested visualization of clonal development in nonHodgkin’s lymphomas. Cancer 51:701-711, 1983.
Effect of Moisture and Temperature on Ability of Salmonellae to Infect Shell Eggs

Abstract Human salmonellosis is one of today’s major public health problems. Shell eggs have sometimes been responsible for food borne outbreaks of this illness (Philbrook et al., 1960; Bowmer, 1965 ; Adler, 1965). It is important that the means by which Salmonellae infect the egg be understood and prevented. For the purpose of this paper, the word “infect” shall mean to invade and proliferate in the egg contents to more than 1,000 viable cells per gram. Although Salmonellae can enter the egg from an infected ovary (Van Roekel, 1965; Board, 1966), the most common route of infection is considered to be by penetration through the shell (Mundt and Tugwell, 1958; Adler, 1965). The ability of Salmonellae to invade the egg shell has been demonstrated by Bigland and Papas (1953), Stokes et al. (1956), Brown et al. (1965), Rizk et al. (1966) and others.…
The effect of hydrogen on the dynamics of the molecular adsorption of ethane on Pt(111)

Abstract Initial trapping probabilities for ethane adsorption on hydrogen-saturated Pt(111) were determined for incident translational energies from 9 to 38 kJ mol and incident angles from 0 to 60°. For energies less than 30 kJ mol the initial trapping probabilities are approximately 25% less than that for ethane adsorption on clean Pt(111). However, for energies greater than 30 kJ/mol, the initial trapping probabilities appear to asymptotically approach those of the clean Pt(111) surface. This observation cannot be explained by the one-dimensional modified hard cube model employing the 28 kJ mol binding energy of ethane on the hydrogen-saturated surface. The trapping probability for ethane on hydrogen-saturated Pt(111) scales monotonically with ET cos1.1θi, which is closer to “normal” energy scaling than either ethane on Pt(111) or ethane on ethane-saturated Pt(111). Stochastic trajectory simulations using a 28 kJ mol binding energy and the parameters for ethane adsorption on clean Pt(111) simulate the decrease in magnitude of the initial trapping probability but do not produce the change in energy scaling from that of the clean surface.
Immunoglobulin gene expression in a coupled transcription/translation system from mouse plasmacytoma cell-free extracts

Mouse plasmacytoma cytoplasmic extracts and sonicated nuclei have been incubated under conditions which resulted in translation and transcription, respectively. When the cell-free systems were combined, incorporation of radioactive precursors into RNA and protein was enhanced and extended. Coupling of transcription and translation was indicated by the inhibition of protein synthesis, and specifically immunoglobulin synthesis, by actinomycin D and α-amanitin. When immunoglobulin synthesis was investigated in MOPC-104E cells which contain both λ and κ mRNAs but secrete only λ light chains, the extracts synthesized both κ and λ light chains. These results indicated that the unexpressed MOPC-104E κ mRNA could be translated on homologous ribosomes under the appropriate conditions and suggested that posttranscriptional controls may play a role in κ-chain gene expression in MOPC-104E cells.
Time Scale for Rapid Draining of a Surficial Lake Into the Greenland Ice Sheet

A 2008 report by Das et al. documented the rapid drainage during summer 2006 of a supraglacial lake, of approximately 44×10^6 m^3, into the Greenland ice sheet over a time scale moderately longer than 1 hr. The lake had been instrumented to record the time-dependent fall of water level and the uplift of the ice nearby. Liquid water, denser than ice, was presumed to have descended through the sheet along a crevasse system and spread along the bed as a hydraulic facture. The event led two of the present authors to initiate modeling studies on such natural hydraulic fractures. Building on results of those studies, we attempt to better explain the time evolution of such a drainage event. We find that the estimated time has a strong dependence on how much a pre-existing crack/crevasse system, acting as a feeder channel to the bed, has opened by slow creep prior to the time at which a basal hydraulic fracture nucleates. We quantify the process and identify appropriate parameter ranges, particularly of the average temperature of the ice beneath the lake (important for the slow creep opening of the crevasse). We show that average ice temperatures 5–7 °C below melting allow such rapid drainage on a time scale which agrees well with the 2006 observations.
Aortic root translocation (Nikaidoh procedure): Intermediate follow-up and impact of conduit type

Objective Aortic root translocation is a promising surgical option for repair of transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary stenosis. There are little data on the outcomes of this procedure, with no long-term follow-up available. We reviewed our experience with aortic root translocation and the impact of the type of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Methods The demographic, procedural, and outcome data were obtained for 32 patients who underwent aortic root translocation from 1997 to 2013 at Boston Children's Hospital. Patients were grouped on the basis of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with a valved conduit or a nonvalved anastomosis of the pulmonary artery bifurcation to the right ventricular outflow tract with anterior patch augmentation (transannular patch). Results The median age was 7.5 months (16 days to 42 years). Twenty-six patients had valved conduits, and 6 patients had transannular patches. There were no significant differences between groups in baseline and operative characteristics. There was 1 early death (transannular patch group). There were no late deaths during a median follow-up of 20.8 months (1 month to 16.5 years). No patients developed late left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Transcatheter reintervention was required in 14 patients, 9 with valved conduits (34.6%) and 1 with transannular patch (20%, P > .99). Six patients (19.4%) required reoperation, all with a valved conduit ( P = .34). Conclusions Aortic root translocation can be done with low early and late mortality. There was preserved aortic valve function and no left ventricular outflow tract obstruction at late follow-up. The use of a transannular patch had early outcomes comparable to valved conduits, with a trend for fewer late reoperations.
Predicting Consumer Choice Set Using Product Association Network and Data Analytics

Although discrete choice analysis has been shown to be useful for modeling consumer preferences and choice behaviors in the field of engineering design, information of choice set composition is often not available in majority of the collected consumer purchase data. When a large set of choice alternatives exist for a product, such as automotive vehicles, randomly choosing a small set of product alternatives to form a choice set for each individual consumer will result in misleading choice modeling results. In this work, we propose a data-analytics approach to mine existing data of choice sets and predict the choice set for each individual customer in a new choice modeling scenario where the choice set information is lacking. The proposed data-analytics approach integrates product association analysis, network analysis, consumer segmentation, and predictive analytics. Using the J.D. Power vehicle survey as the existing choice set data, we demonstrate that the association network approach is capable of recognizing and expressively summarizing meaningful product relations in choice sets. Our method accounts for consumer heterogeneity using the stochastic generation algorithm where the probability of selecting an alternative into a choice set integrates the information of customer profile clusters and products chosen frequencies. By comparing multiple multinomial logit models using different choice set compositions, we show that the choice model estimates are sensitive to the choice set compositions and our proposed method leads to improved modeling results. Our method also provides insights into market segmentation that can guide engineering design decisions.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
The influence of stimulus complexity, novelty, and affective value on children's visual fixations.

Abstract In two experiments, motion pictures were taken of an S's eye while he viewed pairs of stimuli. Each pair represented two points along the continuum of either stimulus complexity, novelty, or affective value. The fixations of children were dominated by more complex or novel figures when those figures were compared with less complex or banal figures. In addition, Exp. II demonstrated the feasibility of developing stimuli to represent four points on a continuum of novelty and suggested an increasing monotonic relationship between the novelty of a stimulus and its potential for dominating fixations. In contrast to studies with college students, it was found in both experiments that stimuli with negative affective value dominated both neutral and positive stimuli.
The physical mechanism of calcium pump regulation in the heart

The Ca-ATPase in the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane is regulated by an amphipathic transmembrane protein, phospholamban. We have used time-resolved phosphorescence anisotropy to detect the microsecond rotational dynamics, and thereby the self-association, of the Ca-ATPase as a function of phospholamban phosphorylation and physiologically relevant calcium levels. The phosphorylation of phospholamban increases the rotational mobility of the Ca-ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum bilayer, due to a decrease in large-scale protein association, with a [Ca2+] dependence parallel to that of enzyme activation. These results support a model in which phospholamban phosphorylation or calcium free the enzyme from a kinetically unfavorable associated state.
Effects of glycated albumin on mesangial cells : evidence for a role in diabetic nephropathy

Nonenzymatically glycated proteins are preferentially transported across the glomerular filtration barrier, and the glomerular mesangium in diabetes is bathed with serum containing increased concentrations of glycated albumin. We investigated effects of glycated albumin on mesangial cells, which are involved in diabetic nephropathy. [3H]-thymidine incorporation was significantly inhibited when murine mesangial cells were grown in culture media containing human serum that had been nonenzymatically glycated by incubation for 4 days with 28 mM glucose. This inhibition was reversed when monoclonal antibodies that selectively react with Amadori products of glycated albumin were added to the culture media. Purified glycated albumin containing Amadori adducts of the glycation reaction induced significant inhibition of thymidine incorporation and stimulation of Type IV collagen secretion compared with cells cultured in the presence of purified nonglycated albumin. These changes were prevented when monoclonal antibodies specifically reactive with fructosyl-lysine epitopes in glycated albumin were added to the cultures. The antibodies had no effect on growth or collagen production in the presence of nonglycated albumin. The results provide the first evidence directly implicating Amadori adducts in glycated albumin in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, which is characterized by decreased cellularity in association with expansion of the mesangial matrix.
Interest-group analysis in economic history and the history of economic thought

This article reviews Bob Tollison’s conjoined contributions to the scholarly literature in the closely related fields of economic history and history of economic thought, underscoring his integration of public choice and interest-group analysis into the historian’s purview. It identifies the overarching themes of his research and summarizes the major findings of his key publications.
A theoretical study of the solvent extraction of multipolymeric metal complexes

Abstract A mathematical treatment is demonstrated which explores the simultaneous extraction of multipolymeric complexes. The theory will predict that there may be only a finite number of species which can exist.
RNA sequence and secondary structure requiresments for rho-dependent transcription termination

The interaction of E. coli termination factor rho with the nascent RNA transcript appears to be a central feature of the rho-dependent transcription termination process. Based on in vitro studies of the rho-dependent termination of the transcript initiated at the PR promoter of bacteriophage lambda, and on earlier studies, Morgan, Bear and von Hippel (J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9565-9574, 1983) proposed a model defining the features of a potential binding site for rho protein on transcripts subject to rho-dependent termination. This model suggested that an effective rho binding site on a nascent RNA transcript should be: (i) greater than 70-80 nucleotide residues in length; (ii) essentially unencumbered with stable secondary structure; (iii) relatively sequence non-specific; and (iv) located within a few hundred nucleotide residues upstream of the potential rho-dependent terminus. In this paper we examine the sequences and secondary structures of several transcripts that exhibit rho-dependent termination to test this hypothesis further. Unstructured regions of approximately the expected size and location were found on all the transcripts examined. Though several short specific sequence elements were found to occur in a very similar arrangement on the lambda PR- and lambda PL-initiated transcripts of lambda phage, no such elements of sequence regularity were found on any of the other rho-dependent transcripts. The results of the sequence comparisons reported here strongly support the generality of the "unstructured binding site" hypothesis for rho-dependent termination.
An interactive modeling lesson increases students' understanding of ploidy during meiosis.

Chromosome structure is confusing to students at all levels, and chromosome behavior during meiosis is a notoriously difficult topic. Undergraduate biology majors are exposed to the process of meiosis numerous times during their presecondary and postsecondary education, yet understanding of key concepts, such as the point at which haploidy is established, does not improve substantially with repeated exposure. Based on student's drawings, 96% of intermediate-level biology majors have unclear or incorrect ideas about meiosis. Students have difficulty diagramming the process of meiosis starting with three unreplicated pairs of chromosomes, and even when they can produce an accurate diagram, they are unclear how to assign the terms “haploid” and “diploid.” We designed an interactive lesson based on constructivist theory to address these issues in a large lecture class. Pretest and posttest scores showed a significant improvement in students' understanding of ploidy compared to a parallel class taught in the traditional way (e.g. using the textbook diagrams). In interviews afterward, those students whose scores improved on exams specifically pointed to the features of the in-class modeling that were deliberately incorporated for that purpose. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 344–351, 2011
Cognitive mapping in rats: The role of the hippocampal and frontal systems in retention and reversal ☆

These experiments determined the extent to which the hippocampal system and the medial frontal cortex are selectively involved in cognitive mapping in spatial environments. Rats were trained to discriminate between two 3-dimensional objects based on either the location of the objects in the test environment, or on the stimulus characteristics of the objects themselves. Following the acquisition of one of these discrimination tasks, each rat was given a series of transfer tests to determine the extent to which a cognitive mapping strategy had been used to solve the task. Each rat was then given a lesion in the fimbria-fornix or the medial frontal cortex, or a control operation. In the location discrimination, rats with fimbria-fornix lesions, as compared to control rats: (a) performed poorly at the beginning of retention testing; (b) relearned the task to criterion performance; (c) performed normally during the transfer tests indicating that they used a cognitive mapping strategy, and (d) performed poorly in the discrimination reversals. In the object discrimination, these rats performed as well as controls during retention and transfer tests, but had a slight impairment during discrimination reversals. The performance of rats with lesions in the medial frontal cortex was worse than that of the controls during the retention of both discriminations, and during the reversal of the location, but not the object discrimination. These results are related to predictions of current theories implicating the hippocampus and medial frontal cortex in spatially organized behaviors, particularly those behaviors requiring cognitive mapping.
Innervation of the spinal cord by sympathetic fibers.

Abstract Pharmacologic and neurochemical studies suggest that catecholamines are still present below the level of transection in the spinal cord of the chronic spinal animal, despite the degeneration of bulbospinal catecholamine pathways. Histofluorescence studies of rat and dog spinal cord revealed noradrenergic fibers and varicosities remaining in the chronically decentralized spinal cord which can account for the low concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) found below the transection. The fibers appear to enter the spinal cord with blood vessels through the anterior median fissure, and are probably of sympathetic origin. In the spinal cord, these fibers can dissociate from blood vessels and continue through the neuropil; they are associated with neurons in the ventral horn and occasionally in the central gray. These peripheral sympathetic fibers may influence motor systems and other nervous functions.
Constraining the radii of neutron stars with terrestrial nuclear laboratory data

Neutron star radii are primarily determined by the pressure of isospin asymmetric matter which is proportional to the slope of the nuclear symmetry energy. Available terrestrial laboratory data on the isospin diffusion in heavy-ion reactions at intermediate energies constrain the slope of the symmetry energy. Using this constraint, we show that the radius (radiation radius) of a 1.4 solar mass (M⊙) neutron star is between 11.5 (14.4) and 13.6 (16.3) km.
Postneonatal testosterone treatment fails to alter hormonal regulation of body weight and food intake of female rats.

Abstract Daily injections of testosterone propionate (2 mg/da) from 30–50 days of age failed to affect any of the aspects of food intake or body weight that have previously been shown to be altered by a single dose of testosterone during the first five days of postnatal life. Specifically, postneonatal testosterone did not: (1) increase body weight; (2) reduce the sensitivity of weight control mechanisms to estradiol; or, (3) enhance the sensitivity of these mechanisms to testosterone. These results support the position that the sensitivity of these regulatory mechanisms to gonadal hormones is organized prior to puberty.