cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Explaining Gender Differentials In Scholarly Productivity: The Case Of Academic Economists

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of personal characteristics, institutional factors, and time-competing workplace requirements on scholarly productivity in peer-reviewed economics journals. The study utilizes a unique data set of individual-specific information for 714 academic economists. The multivariate regression analysis shows that both teaching and service commitments reduce scholarly work in peer reviewed journals. The paper also presents an analysis of the data disaggregated by gender. While the impact of teaching and service on productivity appears roughly similar, the results indicate that collaborative efforts, whether formal or informal, benefit women’s publication efforts more than their male counterparts
Tailoring tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Background: Research into chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is increasingly focused on the problem of imatinib failure. Dasatinib and nilotinib are both active in chronic- and accelerated-phase CML, including patients with imatinib-resistant or intolerant disease. Methods: This paper reviews advances in tailoring tyrosine kinase inhibition therapy according to patient risk profiles as well as hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular responses, BCR-ABL mutation status, and emerging predictive factors. Results: In addition to identifying specific tyrosine kinase mutations, clinical advances have allowed us to determine patients who are less likely to derive long-term survival benefits from imatinib. Conclusions: Treatment for CML should be individualized and, when resistance to imatinib can be predicted, therapy should be modified so that patients do not progress beyond chronic phase and respond as promptly and deeply as required to maximally reduce risk.
HELLENISTIC PRECONCEPTIONS OF SHIPWRECK AND POLLUTION AS A CONTEXT FOR ACTS 27-28

their value as a kind of witness for Lukan theology.1 Luke's statement that "everyone escaped to land" after the shipwreck (27:44), they argue, is in fact a "long-forgotten theological punch line."2 To an ancient reader, the assertion that all escaped with their lives would, they contend, be prima facie evidence of Paul's innocence. Drawing on pagan concepts of divine retribution, pollution, and shipwreck, they attempt to reconstruct the attitude of this reader on his first encounter with these passages. If Paul had been guilty, such a reader, according to their reconstruction, would have believed that his pollution should have resulted in death for himself and/or fellow passengers. The fact that no one died, however, would amount to "decisive confirmation of Paul's innocence."3 There was no need, therefore, to relate the outcome of Paul's appeal to Caesar since he had already been put to the test "by forces and exigencies far more dreaded than the requirements of a human law court."4 While scholars have often subjected these sections to historical and literary criticism, Miles-Trompfs redaction-critical approach offers distinct and valuable insights into Lukan theology, and 'G. B. Miles and G. Trompf, "Luke and Antiphon: The Theology of Acts 27-28 in the Light of Pagan Beliefs about Divine Retribution, Pollution, and Shipwreck," HTR 69 (1976) 259-67; hereafter cited as Miles-Trompf. 2lbid., 264. 3Ibid. 4lbid., 265.
Building a Better Halide Receptor: Optimum Choice of Spacer, Binding Unit, and Halosubstitution

Quantum calculations are used to measure the binding of halides to a number of bipodal dicationic receptors, constructed as a pair of binding units separated by a spacer group. A number of variations are studied. A H atom on each binding unit (imidazolium or triazolium) is replaced by Br or I. Benzene, thiophene, carbazole, and dimethylnaphthalene are considered as spacer groups. Each receptor is paired with halides F(-) , Cl(-) , Br(-) , and I(-) . Substitution with I on the binding unit yields a large enhancement of binding, as much as 13 orders of magnitude; a much smaller increase occurs for substitution with Br. Imidazolium is a more effective binding agent than is triazolium. Benzene and dimethylnaphthalene represent the best spacers, followed by thiophene and carbazole. F(-) binds much more strongly than do the other halides, which obey the order Cl(-) >Br(-) >I(-) .
Temperature Effect on Acoustics of Supersonic Impinging Jet

Supersonic impinging jets have been of interest both from an applications and a fundamental fluid mechanics point of view for several decades. The vertical hot jet used by aircraft capable of vertical landing or take-off during hover is perhaps the most significant application. When the distance between the ground and the aircraft is small, the impinging jet has been shown to produce lift loss, hot gas ingestion and a highly unsteady flow field producing ground erosion and damaging vibrational loads on aircraft, structures and personnel in the vicinity. Previous tests using an ideally-expanded, axisymmetric Mach 1.5 primary jet heated up electrically to a total temperature of up to 500K have been carried out to establish both baseline acoustic features of this flowfield and noise suppression using microjets. Pressure spectra acquired in this setup showed discrete, high-amplitude acoustic tones (generally known as impinging tones) at frequencies varying with jet temperature. These tones were found to grow more pronounced at elevated versus ambient conditions. In these tests, microjets produced substantial suppression of both tones and broadband. Given this success, the scalability of these techniques was to be assessed in a facility providing test conditions closer to those of the relevant applications. The present paper describes baseline experiments carried out in a larger-scale facility where a 36.2 mm diameter jet heated through ethylene combustion to total temperatures of up to 1030K is allowed to impinge on an instrumented ground plane. The test setup is mounted in an anechoic facility where, in addition to validation and extension of the smaller-scale test results, far-field acoustic measurements have been made. The results show that tones are still present in higher temperatures and Powell’s formula still appears to be valid for predicting the frequency of these. The total amplitude of the ground plane pressure fluctuations near the centerline decreases as the temperature is increased while the amplitude remains constant farther away. The spectral distribution of energy shifts away from the impingement tones to higher frequency broadband noise.
From Bytes to Ingots: Expedient Design of Structural Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems

Development of structural materials is historically a long and costly process, particularly for nuclear energy applications due to the long proof testing period to validate the performance of the material in the hostile irradiation environment. Utilization of recently developed materials science tools including computational thermodynamics and multiscale radiation damage computational models in conjunction with rapid science-guided experimental validation (nonirradiation and irradiation environments) may offer the potential for a transformational reduction in the time period to develop and qualify structural materials for advanced nuclear energy systems. Several examples of rapid development of high-performance structural materials will be given, with a focus on austenitic and ferritic/martensitic steels (less than two years from project initiation to commercial production of multi-ton prototypic heats). In many cases, the key for development of improved mechanical properties and superior radiation stability is the presence of a uniform high-density dispersion of highly stable nanoscale particles. This research was sponsored in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC.
Analysis on the adverse events following immunization surveillance in Quanzhou, 2011

Objective To analyze the features of adverse event following immunization (AEFI) in Quanzhou in 2011, and to evaluate the implementation of AEFI surveillance system. Methods The data of AEFI (2011) were collected through the National AEFI Information System. Descriptive methodology was used in the analysis. Results 226 AEFI cases were reported from Quanzhou. The reporting rate within 48 h was 91.15%, and the investigating rate within 48 h was 95.65%. The reporting rate within 3 d after investigation was 73.91%. 67.70% of the subjects were aged≤1. 61.50% of the incidence was found in the subject receiving the first dose of immunization. 89.82% of the incidence occurred within 24 hours after vaccination. The occurrence peak was from June to September. 56.19% of the events were due to the immunization with Diphtheria, tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (aDPT Vaccine). 80.09% of the subjects had mild reactions. 16.81% of the reported cases showed hypersensitivity reaction, and allergic dermatitis was the major symptom. The frequency of the incidence was 6.69 per one hundred thousand doses. According to the national immunization program, the top three types of vaccine with high AEFI incidence rate was DTaP vaccine, measles and rubella vaccine, and Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids vaccine. Conclusion The AEFI surveillance program in Quanzhou was significantly improved in 2011. It can further be improved in the future.
Dynamic Detection of Occupational Hazards Factors of a Thermal Power Plant

[Objective] To dynamically detect occupational hazards factors of a thermal power plants,and analyze the result of the occupational physical examination of the workers,so as to identify the extent of the occupational disease hazards,and to put forward the prevention and control measures for decreasing the incidence rate of the occupational disease.[Methods] The occupational hygiene field investigation was conducted to analyze production process and protective measures.Workplace air toxic concentration under normal condition,operating environment noise,the high temperature and the labor frequency electric field intensity were examined as well as hazard classification for workplaces.[Results] Qualified rate of poison detection was 100%,the labor frequency electric field meets health requirements,and noise detection of individual dose was 83.3%,over standard.[Conclusion] Noise hazard is obvious,and noise operations are mild or moderate hazard.High-temperature operations are classified into three classes.The prevention and control of the occupational disease should focus on the noise and heat.
New polyols with isocyanuric structure by thiol-ene “click” chemistry reactions:

New polyols with isocyanuric structure were synthesized by thiol-ene “click” chemistry of triallyl isocyanurate with 1-thioglycerol and 2-mercaptoethanol. The synthesized polyols, prepared with high reaction rates and in very high yields, were chemically and structurally characterized. These polyols were used for the preparation of rigid polyurethane foams with excellent physical–mechanical properties and inherent flame retardancy. By alkoxylation of isocyanuric polyols with propylene oxide and/or ethylene oxide in a self-catalytic process, odorless polyols with lower hydroxyl numbers and lower viscosities were obtained, leading to PU foams with good properties, but without inherent flame retardancy. The synthesized polyols with isocyanuric structure are suitable for the preparation of all types of rigid polyurethane foams, including thermoinsulation of freezers, buildings, storage tanks and pipes for the food and chemical industry, for packaging, and as wood substitutes.
BET 2: Usefulness of IV lidocaine in the treatment of renal colic

A shortcut review was carried out to establish whether intravenous lidocaine is effective in the management of renal colic. Two studies were directly relevant to the question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these studies are tabulated. The clinical bottom line is that intravenous lidocaine may be of some benefit in renal colic. However, there are other maybe more effective drugs available.
Characteristics of Collegiate Recovery Community Members

An increasing number of adolescents are being admitted to substance abuse treatment in the United States (SAMHSA, 2004). This increase has created a growing population of young adults in recovery, most of whom have not completed college. To help serve this population, Texas Tech University (TTU) was one of the first colleges and universities to develop a collegiate recovery community (CRC). The CRC provides students in recovery with a safe place and an abstinent-friendly social network, but its members continue to face the unique challenge of sustaining their recoveries while attending classes, living away from home, managing interpersonal relationships, and in some cases working to support themselves financially.
Scheffler’s “Afterlife Conjecture” is Not That Compelling: How His “Doomsday” and “Infertility” Scenarios Might Robustly Preserve Value and Meaning

Samuel Scheffler postulates that we derive more value and meaning from our lives because we have confidence in the indefinite continuation of humanity (what he calls the collective afterlife) than we do from our own or our loved ones’ continued existence. Scheffler believes that this shows humans to be less egocentric than some believe. He offers two thought experiments to motivate this intuition. The first thought experiment depends on the second to control for certain intuitions that run counter to the intuitions Scheffler wants to elicit. So, Scheffler is committed to using both thought experiments. The second of the two, and the one on which the first depends, is a scenario in which people become infertile and humanity dies out over the course of a single generation. I argue that this scenario can be more reasonably taken to show that value and meaning in life does not depend on a collective afterlife. I argue that the particulars we value in such a scenario from both a normative and descriptive perspective may change, but that a robust notion of value, and consequently meaning, can exist despite the knowledge that humanity will not continue indefinitely into the future. I also address the reason we might find the slow extinction of humanity unsettling for reasons unrelated to the loss of a collective afterlife. I conclude by presenting a thought experiment challenging the idea that the afterlife conjecture deals any substantial blow to the supposed extent of human egocentrism.
Swampman: a dilemma for proper functionalism

Proper functionalism claims that a belief has epistemic warrant only if it’s formed according to the subject’s truth-aimed cognitive design plan. The most popular putative counter-examples to proper functionalism all involve agents who form beliefs in seemingly warrant-enabling ways that don’t appear to proceed according to any sort of design. The Swampman case is arguably the most famous scenario of this sort. However, some proper functionalists accept that subjects like Swampman have warrant, opting instead to adopt a non-standard account of design. But critics of proper functionalism hold that this strategy comes at a high cost: the design-plan condition now seems explanatorily superfluous. James Taylor construes cases like Swampman as posing a dilemma for the proper functionalist: either deny warrant in these cases and concede that proper functionalism doesn’t capture our intuitions, or affirm warrant and undermine the explanatory power of the design-plan condition. Proper functionalists have replied to both horns of this dilemma. Recently, Kenny Boyce and Andrew Moon have argued that warrant-affirming intuitions on cases like Swampman are motivated by a principle that has a clear counter-example. Also, Alvin Plantinga presents a set of cases that supposedly cause problems for any analysis of warrant that lacks a design-plan condition. In this essay, I present a counter-argument to Boyce and Moon’s argument, and show that a more robust reliability condition can accommodate Plantinga’s problem cases. I conclude that we’re left with no good reason to doubt that cases like Swampman raise a troubling dilemma for the proper functionalist.
Implementing a college mental health program - an overview of the first twelve months

Objective: To evaluate the demographics and clinical utilization patterns among college students during the initial 12 months of a novel, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, college mental health pr...
Neurons Are the Inflammatory Problem

The discovery that reflex neuronal circuits control immunity provided a new mechanistic understanding of infection and injury. Pinho-Ribeiro et al. (2018) report that lethal tissue destruction from streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis ("flesh-eating disease") occurs because sensory neurons reflexively inhibit frontline immune responses.
P430: A Possible Primary Electron Acceptor of Photosystem I

In our previous study on P700 in whole cells of a blue-green alga using laser-flash excitation, we have shown that there were more than one spectral component in the blue band of P700 which were bleached in less than 1 μsec by the laser flash (HIYAMA & KE 1971a). We have extended this study to cell-free systems to get more insight into this matter, and found some anomaly in the re-reduction kinetics in the blue band of P700 in several photosystem-I particles isolated from blue green algae and spinach chloroplasts. Eventually, we were led to the conclusion that there was another component which underwent absorption changes in the same blue band of P700. One of the most interesting feature of this change, designated as “P430”, was its recovery kinetics which corresponded to a concomitant reduction of a dye serving as a secondary electron acceptor of photosystem I. With its fast onset time comparable to P700, we concluded that P430 was likely to be the primary electron acceptor of photosystem I (HIYAMA & KE 1971b-d).
Shells of Revolution Subjected to Axially Symmetric Loads

Shells in which the middle surface is generated by rotating a generator about an axis are called shells of revolution. A closed cylindrical shell is the simplest case, and the analysis of stresses and deformations in such cylindrical shells was treated in Chapter 3. Due to Reissner, Meissner, and Naghdi, a generalized method of analysis can be employed for all shells of revolution subjected to axially symmetric loads without dealing with each shell geometry specifically. This treatment is presented below, because of its extreme usefulness.
Joint Attention of Six-Month-Old Down Syndrome and Preterm Infants: I. Attention to Toys and Mother.

Six-month-old infants with Down syndrome (n = 14) and mental and motor-age-matched high-risk preterm infants (n = 15) were studied with respect to their use of separate attentional processes under conditions with and without their mother's direct involvement in play. As predicted, compared to preterm infants, the infants with Down syndrome spent less time involved with toys and more time looking at their mothers whether or not their mothers were actively involved. Although both infant groups showed an increase in the amount of time spent attending to toys in the mother-involved condition compared to the independent condition, only the preterm infants examined a wider range of toys when interacting with their mothers. Also, the infants with Down syndrome showed fewer shifts of attention to a toy in response to their mother's attempts to redirect their attention and, unlike the preterm infants, did not show increased positive affect when interacting with their mothers compared to playing on their own.
Estrogens, Aging, and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Age is the greatest risk factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Indications of a female bias in AD and of a male bias in PD have been often discussed but are not definitive. Moreover, evidence that estrogen replacement may be beneficial for AD and PD is also controversial. An unevaluated factor is how aging and cumulative estrogen exposure may modify brain responses to estradiol. Rodent models show that sustained exposure to estradiol can desensitize certain neuroendocrine responses.
The investigation of butyl acrylate grafting using model alkyds

Four model alkyds (stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic model alkyds) were copolymerized with butyl acrylate (BA) in the presence of AIBN or BPO. 1H and 2D gHMQC NMR, Soxhlet extraction, and gas chromatography were used to characterize model alkyd–BA systems. It was found that mechanisms of grafting BA onto model alkyds were dependent on the structure of fatty acids in the model alkyds. In stearic model alkyd hybrid systems, BA homopolymer was the predominate pathway with minimal grafting via hydrogen abstraction from polyol backbone followed by termination with propagating BA radicals. Oleic model alkyd–BA systems improved the degree of grafting by direct addition of the BA free radical to the double bonds. Severe retardation of BA polymerization was observed in both linoleic and linolenic model alkyd–BA systems due to the presence of double allylic sites. A chain transfer process subsequently dominates the other free radical pathways leading to a high degree of grafting.
“Listisimo para los #XVdeRubi:” Constructing a chronotope as a shared imagined experience in Twitter to enact Mexicanness outside of Mexico

Communication technologies aid transnational communities in maintaining their relationships and strengthening their identities across borders. For example, by using digital media, communities can transcend both place and time to enter social spaces where they co-create shared experiences. This article explores how transnationals who do not belong to one single social network employ language and online participation in the micro-blogging site, Twitter, to co-create a chronotope, an imagined space that transcends geography and temporality, and in doing so, signal their belonging to a Mexican community. Using an online-discourse approach, I examine the participation of Mexican immigrants and children of Mexicans living in the US in an online viral cultural event: XV de Rubi, a celebration that marks the fifteenth birthday of a girl coming of age. I show that individuals use Twitter to co-construct an imagined experience in which they perform, negotiate and police ‘Mexicanness’. This article argues for more inclusive understandings of transnationalism that account for the ways in which people use the affordances of social media to enact cultural practices, keep in touch, forge ethnic identities, and display their sense of belonging to a wider Mexican culture.
Open Pit Geotechnics: Designing Slopes for a Very Deep Hole

For most hard rock surface mining operations, the development of an open pit is required to extract the ore resource. In designing an open pit, the challenge is to develop the most cost-effective pit slopes that can be mined safely. Pit slope designs can be fairly complex, particularly with many open pit depths exceeding 300 m and the deepest open pits exceeding 1,000 m. The process of developing a safe but optimized pit slope angle is the same regardless of the pit scale; however, the greater stress changes and increased highwall exposures associated with deeper pits tend to correlate with an increased risk of instability.
An investigation of the psycholinguistic functioning of deaf adolescents.

The ability of “cloze” procedures to assess morphologico-syntactic and semantic differences between deaf and hearing groups matched on reading achievement scores was investigated. The experimental ...
Reconstitution of Highly Concentrated Lyophilized Proteins: Part 1 Amorphous Formulations.

Abstract Long reconstitution times before patient administration remain an undesirable quality attribute for high concentration lyophilized protein formulations. In this study, 3 approaches were developed to study reconstitution behavior of lyophilized, amorphous cakes of a highly concentrated monoclonal antibody (mAb) by exploring their wetting, disintegration, and hydration behavior. As the mAb concentration increased from 0 to 83 mg/mL, reconstitution times were longer with poorer wetting, slower hydration, and disintegration rates. Furthermore, the effect of controlling ice nucleation temperature at −5 and −10°C during freezing followed by either conservative or aggressive drying conditions on the reconstitution times was explored in formulations containing 40 and 83 mg/mL mAb. Although no effect of either of the 2 processing conditions was noted at 40 mg/mL, aggressive drying led to faster reconstitution at both the nucleation temperatures with 83 mg/mL mAb. The present study combined with literature data suggests that below a protein-to-sugar ratio of 1, reconstitution was complete within 1 min, and when the ratio was greater than 1, the reconstitution times increased nonlinearly. Disintegration and hydration were determined to be the key mechanisms contributing to the complete reconstitution of the lyophilized, amorphous cakes of the highly concentrated mAb in vials.
Trajectories and Influencing Factors of Student Confidence Across a Semester

This Research Full Paper presents the results of a longitudinal study about confidence and academic performance conducted at a large, R1, university over the course of a semester. We surveyed male (N = 226) and female (N = 67) students six times throughout the course of the semester and once after final grades were released. Each time, we asked students four questions designed to gauge students’ overall confidence. Using a modified latent growth curve analysis, we found distinctively different patterns in confidence trajectories between students in CS-1, CS-2, CS-3, and CS-4; the four consecutive introductory courses. We found that students’ confidence tended to show a significant decrease across all confidence variables for all four courses, though some courses showed a stronger decrease than others. We found a similar decline pattern for gender such that males initially reported higher confidence than females, but also showed a steeper decrease in confidence after receiving final grades. This declining trend was also predicted by grades, such that individuals who earned higher grades at the end of the semester initially began the semester with higher confidence, but these individuals also showed a steeper decrease in confidence after receiving their final grades. This work has implications for researchers interested in developing interventions designed to help students gain confidence when they need it most and for those interested in the relationship between confidence and retention.
Do Youth Want Psychosocial Screenings in Diabetes Clinic? Profiles of Acceptability.

AIMS Psychosocial screenings are recommended and increasingly common in pediatric subspecialty clinics, though little is known about their acceptability. This study seeks to uncover profiles of acceptability and assess demographic and clinical correlates among adolescents with diabetes. METHODS A sample of 124 adolescents (57.7% female) ages 12-21 years (M = 16.2 ± 2.3) completed screenings during routine diabetes appointments. K-means clustering of responses to acceptability items derived profiles; Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square tests assessed correlates. RESULTS Adolescents with the most common profile (72.6%) placed high importance on medical providers' awareness of their emotions and reported no difficulties/discomfort with the screener. These youth had moderate depressive symptoms, low diabetes distress, and low A1c. Those who fit a less common profile (18.5%) were uncomfortable with the screener and had the highest depressive symptoms and lowest A1c. Youth who fit a smaller profile (6.5%) endorsed technical difficulties and had high depressive symptoms and lowest diabetes distress. The smallest profile (2.4%, N = 3) had difficulty understanding and experienced discomfort with the screening and had the lowest depressive symptoms and the highest diabetes distress and A1c. These differences in depressive symptoms (F = 3.54, p = .017), A1c values (F = 4.03, p = .009), and diabetes distress (F = 3.27, p = .036) were significant though differences in age, gender, and diabetes duration were not. CONCLUSIONS Most youth responded favorably to in-clinic psychosocial screenings. Youth who were less satisfied were at increased risk for psychosocial and medical complications. Findings highlight areas of need, such as enhanced support with and an emphasized rationale for screenings, which may improve patient experience in subspecialty care.
Nucleosynthesis constraints through γ-ray line measurements from classical novae - Hierarchical model for the ejecta of 22Na and 7Be

Context. Classical novae belong to the most frequent transient events in the Milky Way and are key agents of ongoing nucleosynthesis. Despite their large numbers, they have never been observed in soft γ -ray emission. Measurements of their γ -ray signatures would provide insights into explosion mechanism and nucleosynthesis products.Aims. Our goal is to constrain the ejecta masses of 7 Be and 22 Na from classical novae through their γ -ray line emissions at 478 and 1275 keV.Methods. We extracted posterior distributions on the line fluxes from archival data of the INTEGRAL/SPI spectrometer telescope. We then used a Bayesian hierarchical model to link individual objects and diffuse emission, and to infer ejecta masses from the whole population of classical novae in the Galaxy.Results. Individual novae are too dim to be detectable in soft γ -rays, and the upper bounds on their flux and ejecta mass uncertainties cover several orders of magnitude. Within the framework of our hierarchical model, we can nevertheless infer tight upper bounds on the 22 Na ejecta masses, given all uncertainties from individual objects as well as diffuse emission, of M ⊙ (99.85th percentile).Conclusions. In the context of ONe nucleosynthesis, the 22 Na bounds are consistent with theoretical expectations and exclude that most ONe novae occur on white dwarfs with masses of about 1.35 M ⊙ . The upper bounds from 7 Be are uninformative. From the combined ejecta mass estimate of 22 Na and its β + decay, we infer a positron production rate of e+ s−1 , which would mean 10% at most of the total annihilation rate in the Milky Way.
Combined transvaginal and transabdominal oocyte retrieval in a patient with an ectopic ovary and unicornuate uterus.

Objective To report the utility of combined transvaginal and transabdominal oocyte retrieval in a patient with an ectopic ovary and unicornuate uterus. Design Video case report with demonstration of oocyte retrieval technique. Setting(s) University-affiliated fertility center. Patient(s) A 35-year-old woman, gravida 0, with a 6-month history of infertility who presented to our center for fertility evaluation. Hysterosalpingography revealed a left unicornuate uterus and patent left fallopian tube magnetic resonance imaging and laparoscopy showed a right ectopic ovary located in the upper abdomen. Her partner was a 36-year-old male with isolated teratozoospermia. The couple did not conceive with intrauterine insemination. Intervention(s) Ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Transvaginal retrieval of oocytes from the right ovary was not deemed possible due the anatomic location of the ovary, intervening blood vessels, and limited mobility of the ovary. Institutional review board approval was not required for this case report as per our institution’s policy; patient consent was obtained for publication of the case. Main Outcome Measure(s) Transabdominal retrieval of oocytes from the right ovary and transvaginal retrieval of oocytes from the left ovary. Result(s) The couple underwent two IVF cycles. Nine oocytes were retrieved during the first IVF cycle: seven transabdominal (right ovary) and two transvaginal (left ovary). All oocytes were mature, and five blastocysts were cryopreserved. Eight oocytes were retrieved during the second IVF cycle, of which five oocytes were retrieved transabdominally from the right ovary, and three oocytes were retrieved transvaginally from the left ovary. All oocytes were mature, and four blastocysts were cryopreserved. A single thawed embryo was transferred in the natural menstrual cycle, which resulted in the live birth of a full-term baby boy weighing 2,410 grams. Conclusion(s) The current case highlights the safety and feasibility of combined transvaginal and transabdominal oocyte retrieval in patients with an ectopic ovary located in the upper abdomen.
Practice environment, independence, and roles among DNP- and MSN-prepared primary care nurse practitioners.

Abstract Background Many nursing schools are adopting the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) as the preferred model of nurse practitioner (NP) education and eliminating Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) programs. To date, no studies have explored the relationship between DNP preparation and NP practice environment, independence, and roles. Purpose The purpos of this study is to compare practice environment, independence, and roles among DNP- and MSN-prepared primary care NPs. Methods This study used a cross-sectional design and observational regression analysis of survey data. Findings DNP-prepared NPs reported: 1) more favorable NP-Physician Relationships, 2) fewer clinical hours, and 3) more practice leadership. These differences were, however, small and not significant at 0.05 level. Discussion We found no major differences in practice environment, independence, and roles among DNP- and MSN-prepared primary care NPs. As more nursing schools establish DNP programs and more DNP-prepared NPs enter the field, it is especially important to continue to study the impact of DNP preparation on the NP workforce.
An Adaptive Minimum-Frame-Error Rate Detector for Magnetic Recording

A magnetic recording read channel has numerous parameters that must be carefully tuned for its best performance; these include not only the equalizer coefficients, but also any parameters inside the soft-output detector, some of which may be pattern-dependent, including signal levels, predictor coefficients, and residual noise variances. Conventional tuning strategies based on a minimum-mean-squared error criterion are not optimal in terms of frame-error rate and ultimately areal density. Here, we propose a strategy for optimizing the parameters with the aim of minimizing the frame-error rate after error-control decoding. The proposed strategy exploits the close connection between the frame-error rate and the gap between the two curves in an extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart. A stochastic gradient algorithm applied to a cost function that quantifies this gap leads to our proposed adaptive minimum-frame-error rate (AMFER) algorithm for adapting the equalizer and detector parameters. Numerical results based on a quasi-micromagnetic simulated channel show that the AMFER parameters can reduce the frame-error rate by more than two orders of magnitude, leading to a 7% gain in areal density over conventional minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) parameters.
Legal Accountability in the Service-Based Welfare State: Lessons from Child Welfare Reform [formerly titled: The Rule of Law in the Experimentalist Welfare State: Lessons from Child Welfare Reform]

Current trends intensify the longstanding problem of how the rule-of-law should be institutionalized in the welfare state. Welfare programs are being re-designed to increase their capacities to adapt to rapidly changing conditions and to tailor their responses to diverse clienteles. These developments challenge the understanding of legal accountability developed in the Warren Court era. This Article reports on an emerging model of accountable administration that strives to reconcile programmatic flexibility with rule-of-law values. The model has been developed in the reform of state child protective services systems, but it has potentially broad application to public law. It also has novel implications for such basic rule-of-law issues as the choice between rules and standards, the relation of bureaucratic and judicial control, the proper scope of judicial intervention into dysfunctional public agencies, and the justiciability of "positive" (or social and economic) rights.
Expression of the mitochondrial genome in Hela cells: VI. Size determination of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA by electron microscopy

Abstract A modified basic protein, film method of spreading RNA in a strongly denaturing solvent for examination in the electron microscope has been developed and applied to determine the size of the HeLa mitochondrial specific ribosomal RNA components. Length measurements on purified 12 s and 16 s mitochondrial rRNA, on mixtures of the two, and on mixtures of 12 s with 18 s cytoplasmic rRNA, have given molecular lengths of 0.27 μ, 0.42 μ, and 0.55 μ for the 12 s, 16 s and 18 s rRNA's. If these molecular lengths are proportional to molecular weight, and if the molecular weight of 18 s cytoplasmic rRNA is taken as 0.71 × 10 6 , as determined by sedimentation equilibrium, the molecular weights of the 12 s and 16 s components are 0.35 × 10 6 and 0.54 × 10 6 , respectively. These molecular weight values are in good agreement with the relative values predicted from sedimentation velocity measurements, but not with the relative values based on gel electrophoresis.
Sequence, structure and energy transfer in DNA.

Excitation energy transfer in DNA has similarities to charge transfer, but the transport is of an excited state, not of mass or charge. Use of the fluorescent, modified adenine base 2-aminopurine (2AP) as an energy trap in short (3- to 20-base) single- and double-stranded DNA oligomers is reviewed. Variation of 2AP's neighboring sequence shows (1) relatively efficient transfer from adenine compared to that from cytosine and thymine, (2) efficient transfer from guanine, but only when 2AP is at the 3' end, (3) approximate equality of efficiencies for 3' to 5' and 5' to 3' directional transfer in adenine tracks. The overall, average transfer distance at room temperature is about four adenine bases or less before de-excitation. The transfer fluorescence excitation spectral shape is similar to that of the absorption spectrum of the neighboring normal bases, confirming that initial excitation of the normal bases, followed by emission from 2AP (i.e. energy transfer), is occurring. Transfer apparently may take place both along one strand and cross-strand, depending on the oligomer sequence. Efficiency increases when the temperature is decreased, rising above 50% (overall efficiency) in decamers of adenine below -60 degrees C (frozen media). Modeling of the efficiencies of transfer from the nearest several adenine neighbors of 2AP in these oligomers suggests that the nearest two neighbors transfer with near 100% efficiency. As bases in B DNA, as well as in single-stranded DNA, are separated by less than 5 A (less than the size of a base), standard Forster transfer theory should not apply. Indeed, while both theory and experiment show efficiency decreasing with donor-acceptor distance, the experimental dependence clearly disagrees with Forster 1/r6 dependence. It is not yet clear what the best theoretical approach is, but any calculation must deal accurately with the excited states of bases, including strong base-base interactions and structural fluctuations, and should reflect the increase of efficiency with temperature decrease and the relative insensitivity to strandedness (single, double). Attempts to use DNA as a molecular "fiber optic" face three primary challenges. First, reasonable efficiency over more than a base or two occurs only in adenine stretches at temperatures well below freezing. Second, transfer in these adenine tracks is efficient in both directions. Third, absorption of UV light occurs randomly, making excitation at a specific site on this "fiber optic" a challenge.
Cardiac arrest due to the use of pituitrin following normal delivery

Abstract The case presented is that of a 30-year-old primipara who was extremely apprehensive and was delivered by low forceps under nitrous oxide-oxygen-ether anesthesia. Following partial reaction from anesthesia, the patient was given Pituitrin intramuscularly and went into shock twenty minutes later. Cardiac arrest occurred one hour afterward and attempted resuscitation by means of artificial respiration, cardiac massage, epinephrine, procaine, calcium chloride, adrenal cortical extract, and blood transfusions failed, after two hours of continuous effort. It is suggested that the routine use of Pituitrin in obstetrics is dangerous. Satisfactory results can be obtained by the use of nonbiological oxytocic preparations, such as the ergot derivatives. In addition, it should be stressed that the avoidance of anoxia by the expert administration of anesthesia in obstetrics is a very desirable goal.
A fully automatic compiler for distributed memory machines

A fully automatic compilation method for distributed memory machines is described. It produces an efficient program partition without user intervention. A task based approach is adopted at the intermediate form level allowing a large degree of language and architecture independence. The scheduling phase of the compiler works partially at compile time and partially at run time. At compile time, an infinite number of processors is assumed and the schedule is found by using a new concept of the threshold of a task that quantifies a tradeoff between the schedule-length and the degree of parallelism. At run time, the generated parallel code can be scaled down to match the available processors. This approach is demonstrated by targeting Sisal, a parallel functional language on a iPSC/860 multicomputer. >
Ethyl N‐(Diphenylmethylene)glycinate

(R ≈ Et) [69555-14-2] C17H17NO2 (MW 267.33) InChI = 1S/C17H17NO2/c1-2-20-16(19)13-18-17(14-9-5-3-6-10-14)15-11-7-4-8-12-15/h3-12H,2,13H2,1H3 InChIKey = QUGJYNGNUBHTNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (R ≈ Me) [81167-39-7] C15H15NO2 (MW 253.30) InChI = 1S/C16H15NO2/c1-19-15(18)12-17-16(13-8-4-2-5-9-13)14-10-6-3-7-11-14/h2-11H,12H2,1H3 InChIKey = PQTOLHHWLUCKSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (R ≈ Bn) [81477-91-0] C22H19NO2 (MW 329.38) InChI = 1S/C22H19NO2/c24-21(25-17-18-10-4-1-5-11-18)16-23-22(19-12-6-2-7-13-19)20-14-8-3-9-15-20/h1-15H,16-17H2 InChIKey = KFNIDRLZPBRDNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (R ≈ t-Bu) [81477-94-3] C19H21NO2 (MW 295.38) InChI = 1S/C19H21NO2/c1-19(2,3)22-17(21)14-20-18(15-10-6-4-7-11-15)16-12-8-5-9-13-16/h4-13H,14H2,1-3H3 InChIKey = YSHDPXQDVKNPKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (glycine anion equivalent for amino acid synthesis by phase transfer catalysis and other methods) Alternate Names: ethyl glycinate benzophenone imine; O'Donnell's Schiff base. Physical Data: R = Et, mp 51–52 °C; pKa (DMSO) 18.7;4 R = Me, mp 42.5–43 °C; R = Bn, mp 86.5–87 °C; R = t-Bu, mp 111–112 °C. Form Supplied in: several are commercially available. Preparative Methods: by transimination of Benzophenone Imine with alkyl glycinate hydrochloride (room temperature/CH2Cl2).5 The crude product can often be used or it can be purified by recrystallization or flash chromatography. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the compounds are stable at room temperature, but they should be protected from moisture and acidic conditions (stored under argon or nitrogen). The hydrolysis product, benzophenone, can be detected either by TLC (EtOAc/hexane) or by NMR.
Pathways to Lifespan Health Following Childhood Parental Death

The death of a parent is a profoundly stressful form of childhood adversity, increasing the short- and long-term risk of mental health problems. Emerging research suggests it may also disrupt biological regulatory systems and increase the risk of long-term physical health problems. This article presents a theoretical framework of the process by which the experience of parental death during childhood may influence mental and physical health outcomes over time. Drawing from a broad literature on adaptation following childhood parental loss, we focus on risk and protective factors in the childhood environment that are theoretically and empirically linked to emotional and biological regulatory responses to stress later in life, the effects of which may accumulate to impact long-term health.
Biochemical markers in a species endangered by introgression: The red wolf

The red wolf (Canis rufus), native to much of the southeastern United States, is endangered by man's activities and by hybridization with other species of the genus Canis. The absence of diagnostic morphological markers to distinguish the red wolf from its hybrids has led to the application of the methods of biochemical genetics to this problem. The finding of a unique electrophoretically determined allele with a distribution congruent with the geographical distribution of the remaining red wolf population is reported.
Kinetic and spectral descriptions for atomic processes involving autoionizing resonances in high-temperature plasmas

Abstract An investigation has been in progress on the influence of autoionizing resonances on atomic processes in high-temperature plasmas, particularly those encountered in magnetic- and laser-fusion research and in astrophysics. In the kinetic-theory description, account is taken of the indirect contributions of autoionizing resonances to the effective rates for excitation, de-excitation, ionization, and recombination. A microscopic kinetic-theory foundation is employed for the systematic reduction to the macroscopic radiation-hydrodynamics description. From the spectral perspective, particular emphasis has been directed at radiative emission processes from autoionizing resonances. These processes can give rise to resolvable dielectronic-recombination satellite features, which have been analyzed to determine plasma temperatures, densities, electric and magnetic-field distributions, and charge-state distributions. We also investigate radiative absorption processes, which play important roles in the denser plasmas encountered in laser–matter interactions. Particular emphasis is directed at radiative excitation processes involving autoionizing resonances, which can provide significant contributions to the non-equilibrium ionization structures and to the radiative absorption and emission spectra in the presence of intense electromagnetic fields. A reduced-density-matrix formulation has been under development for the microscopic description of the electromagnetic interactions of many-electron atomic systems in the presence of collisional and radiative decoherence and relaxation processes. A central objective is to develop a fundamental quantum-statistical formulation, in which bound-state and autoionization-resonance phenomena can be treated on an equal footing. An ultimate goal is to provide a comprehensive framework for a systematic and self-consistent treatment of non-equilibrium (possibly coherent) atomic-state kinetics and high-resolution (possibly overlapping) spectral-line shapes. This should enable a unified treatment for a broad class of atomic processes in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas covering extensive density and field regimes.
Traumatic occupational fatalities in the U.S. and Australian construction industries.

The occupational injury experience of the U.S. and Australian construction industries for 1988–1991 was compared to identify similarities and differences in risk and to share information vital for planning strategies for prevention. There were 4,158 deaths in the U.S. and 264 in the Australian construction industries. Workers in both countries, particularly laborers, were at high risk, with mean annual rates of 13.8/100,000 and 11.6, respectively, more than double the national averages. Falls, motor vehicles, electrocutions, and machinery were the leading causes of death in both countries, and accounted for 69% of the fatalities in the U.S. and 71% in Australia. International collaborations focusing injury and fatality prevention efforts on the common leading causes and high risk groups, and sharing successful prevention experiences between countries could save the lives of many construction workers world wide. © 1996 Wiley-Liss Inc.1