cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment methods for post-traumatic elbow stiffness caused by heterotopic ossification.

Hypothesis Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common complication of surgically treated elbow fractures that can inhibit range of motion and impair quality of life. Although there are many treatment methods for HO, there is a lack of consensus as to the best option. We hypothesized that contracture release combined with Botox injection would lead to improved functional outcome scores when compared with current treatment methods. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of patients who presented to a single surgeon with HO secondary to elbow fracture between 2005 and 2018. A total of 59 patients were identified who met inclusion criteria. Data were classified into 3 groups: contracture release (control − CR), Botox injection with CR (Botox + CR), and radiation therapy with CR (CR + RT). Range of motion measurements were obtained, including flexion, extension, pronation, and supination. Results A total of 30 patients (30 of 59, 50.8%) received CR, 6 (6 of 59, 9.2%) were treated with CR + RT, and 23 (23 of 59, 40.0%) had CR + Botox. There was a significant difference between pre- and postoperative arc of motion for both CR + RT (P Conclusion Intraoperative Botox injection with CR is an effective method in the treatment of post-traumatic elbow stiffness caused by HO.
Abstract PO-016: Seeing glycolysis on PDAC: Applying deep learning convolutional neural network model

The reprogramming of cellular metabolism to support continuous proliferation is a hallmark of cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that the reprogramming of tumor metabolism is under the control of various oncogenic signals. The KRAS oncogene is known to induce aerobic glycolysis, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells have been shown previously to have metabolism consistent with elevated aerobic glycolysis. Survival analysis showed that higher glycolysis activity was associated with worse clinical outcome in TCGA PDAC. Several glycolytic inhibitors are currently in preclinical and clinical development. It had been reported that cancer metabolic status could play a role in the interaction with tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that cancer glycolysis activity could affect tumor histopathological architecture in PDAC. As a proof-of-concept study, we trained a deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) model (Google Inception v3) on histopathological images obtained from TCGA PAAD cohort to classify tumors with high and low glycolysis pathway activity. We aimed to answer whether CNNs can predict PDAC glycolysis status using images as the only input. Our model was tested on separate tissue samples from the same cohort. Aggregated accuracy was 75% on 48 cases with area under ROC curve as 0.751. Prediction scores significantly correlated with transcriptome-based glycolysis signature (Pearson correlation = 0.352, p=0.007). The current study demonstrates the potential of deep learning approaches for histopathologically classifying cancer based on metabolic status. This information could be of value in assisting clinical decisions on targeting cancer metabolism. Citation Format: Peiling Tsou, Chang-Jiun Wu. Seeing glycolysis on PDAC: Applying deep learning convolutional neural network model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Diagnosis, and Imaging; 2021 Jan 13-14. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(5_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-016.
DevOps for Open Source Multimedia Frameworks

DevOps is well deployed in “Software As A Service”, “Platform As A Service” or a lot of closed-loop software services and products. “DevOps” implies the collaborations between the “Development” and “Operations” team to achieve the same goal of a better development cycle and customer experience. In the closed-loop software, the operations are fully controlled by one party or federation. But in the open source development world, the codes contributed by different individual contributors are maintained by several key maintainers, handling the complexity of the target customers in different domains. One example is the frameworks of the multimedia middleware that provide the media capability to Clouds, Clients and Internet of Things (IoT) products: FFmpeg and GStreamer with a fully open source working model. A better way is required to feed the difference brought by the open source working model. This paper proposed Cartwheel, pre-checkin with DevOps, and the open source tool VAAPI-fits to address these new issues. We introduced the background of Intel’s contributions to the multimedia middleware, as well as the methods engaging with the open source working model and DevOps methodologies.
Partisanship as Cause, Not Consequence, of Participation:

In most democracies, citizens who identify with a political party are more likely than non-partisans to turn out to vote. But why is this the case? Does voting foster partisanship, as prominent mod...
The Public, The Media, and the Knowledge Gap

(1971). The Public, The Media, and the Knowledge Gap. Environmental Education: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 3-8.
Carcinosarcoma of the maxillary sinus; report of a case.

Abstract A case of carcinosarcoma of the maxilla, treated by surgery and irradiation and terminating in death, is presented. Criteria for maintaining the diagnosis of carcinosarcoma are discussed.
Group work: Honoring our roots, nurturing our growth. Proceedings of the XXXI Annual International Symposium of the Association for the Advancement of Social Work with Groups by Bergart, A. M., Simon, S. R., & Doel, M.

When I sat down to review Group Work: Honoring Our Roots, Nurturing Our Growth. Proceedings of the XXXI Annual International Symposium of the Association for the Advancement of Social Work with Gro...
The Principle–Practical Discourse Edge: Elementary Preservice and Mentor Teachers Working Together on Colearning Tasks

A major challenge in preparing elementary teachers to teach inquiry-based science is finding qualified mentor teachers who use research-based approaches to teach science in their classrooms. This situation means preservice teachers often see few connections between the research-based principles for teaching science they learn in university-based coursework and the science teaching practices they see in their classroom field placements. We attempted to resolve this situation by creating opportunities for preservice and mentor teachers to learn together. We developed colearning tasks where preservice and mentor teachers collaborated to apply principles of science inquiry and equitable learning to analyze and modify common elementary science curriculum materials. We borrowed from the field of ecology to develop an edge effects framework that enabled an analysis of when and how preservice and mentor teachers connected principle- and practical-based discourses while engaged in the colearning tasks. Our findings suggest that the colearning tasks supported preservice and mentor teachers in connecting research-based principles to practical classroom contexts. However, working on these tasks together was sometimes challenging for both preservice and mentor teachers. We discuss the affordances and constraints of the colearning tasks and the framing of the principle–practical divide as an edge rather than a gap.
Bevacizumab for symptomatic radiation-induced tumor enlargement in pediatric low grade gliomas.

Background Radiation therapy (RT)-induced effects in children treated for low grade glioma (LGG) can result in worsening of neurologic symptoms and clinical and radiographic deterioration. Treatment for radiation-induced tumor enlargement is based on symptom control and usually involves steroids. Procedure We conducted a retrospective review of children with LGG treated with RT who developed symptomatic radiation-induced tumor enlargement and were managed with bevacizumab. Charts were abstracted for onset and duration of RT changes, toxicity and doses of dexamethasone and bevacizumab. Tumor volumes prior to RT, at maximal size following RT, after bevacizumab administration, and at follow-up were evaluated. Results Five children were treated with bevacizumab for symptomatic radiation-induced tumor enlargement following RT for LGG at a median of 4.2 months (range, 1–11 months) after completion of RT. The median increase in volume of tumor was 195.4% (range, 115.5–309%) compared to the pre-RT volume. Bevacizumab 5–10 mg/kg was administered IV q 2–4 weeks as primary treatment (n = 1) or to assist in weaning patients off steroids (n = 4). All children on high dose steroids (n = 4) were weaned off or to physiologic doses of hydrocortisone. Two children developed avascular necrosis after prolonged steroid use and while on bevacizumab. Radiographically, all children showed significant improvement and are now a median of 31 months (range, 18–50 months) from the completion of radiation without requiring additional tumor-related therapy. Conclusions Bevacizumab can play an important role in children with symptomatic radiation changes following LGG treatment, allowing patients to avoid or minimize the toxicity of long-term steroid use. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:240–245. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coping with chronic illness at work: case studies of five successful employees

In this article, we describe how five resilient individuals coped with career problems created by chronic illnesses. Using a variety of 'work enhancers' to maintain employment, each individual in the study is a positive role model for other employed people in similar circumstances. At the same time, the employees with chronic illnesses in this study have serious concerns about their ability to retain employment. These concerns are discussed as well, with particular reference to the need for systematic and intermittent post-employment support from rehabilitation professionals. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
Efficient estimation of regression parameters from multistage studies with validation of outcome and covariates

Abstract Often the variables in a regression model are difficult or expensive to obtain so auxiliary variables are collected in a preliminary step of a study and the model variables are measured at later stages on only a subsample of the study participants called the validation sample. We consider a study in which at the first stage some variables, throughout called auxiliaries, are collected; at the second stage the true outcome is measured on a subsample of the first-stage sample, and at the third stage the true covariates are collected on a subset of the second-stage sample. In order to increase efficiency, the probabilities of selection into the second and third-stage samples are allowed to depend on the data observed at the previous stages. In this paper we describe a class of inverse-probability-of-selection-weighted semiparametric estimators for the parameters of the model for the conditional mean of the outcomes given the covariates. We assume that a subject's probability of being sampled at subsequent stages is bounded away from zero and depends only on the subject's data collected at the previous sampling stages. We show that the asymptotic variance of the optimal estimator in our class is equal to the semiparametric variance bound for the model. Since the optimal estimator depends on unknown population parameters it is not available for data analysis. We therefore propose an adaptive estimation procedure for locally efficient inferences. A simulation study is carried out to study the finite sample properties of the proposed estimators.
Does Renin Play a Rôle in the Maintenance of Normal Blood Pressure

Conclusions1. Bilateral nephrectomy under the above conditions increases the sensitivity of the dog to the pressor action of renin administered intravenously. 2. The renin content of the kidneys of dogs bears no relation to the blood pressure level of the animals. 3. Differences in the renin concentration of the kidneys of dogs and even between the 2 kidneys of the same dog, occur. 4. Stimulation of the splanchnic nerve produces no significant change in the renin content of the dog's kidney. 5. Hypotension as induced above does not alter significantly the renin concentration of the kidney of the dog. 6. There is no evidence at present for the possible role of renin in the maintenance of normal blood pressure.
Impregnating the leads of silicon carbide heaters over a greater length

In the product ion technology of heat ing e lements made f r o m si l icon carbide an impor tan t operat ion is the impregnat ion of the leads in a boiling alloy of s i l icon with a luminum. The e lec t r i ca l r e s i s t a n c e of the impregna ted leads is not l e s s than a 10th of the r e s i s t a n c e of the nonimpregnated pa r t , which p rov ides a re l iab le cu r r en t lead, and m arked l y r educes the ene rgy loss in the p a r t s of the heating e lements pass ing through the lining of the furnace .
Inversion of Uniform Field Eddy Current Data Using Neural Networks

A resurgence of research in artificial neural networks has sparked interest in applying these networks to difficult computational tasks such as inversion. Artificial neural networks are composed of simple processing elements, richly interconnected. These networks can be trained to perform arbitrary mappings between sets of input-output pairs by adjusting the weights of interconnections. They require no a priori information or built-in rules; rather, they acquire knowledge through the presentation of examples. This characteristic allows neural networks to approximate mappings for functions which do not appear to have a clearly defined algorithm or theory. Neural network performance has proven robust when faced with incomplete, fuzzy, or novel data.
Detection sensitivities in proton and electron induced X-ray spectroscopy

Abstract Both electron and proton induced X-rays can be used for analytical purposes. We have compared their relative sensitivities for detecting various constituents in a well characterized NBS low alloy steel standard. Both energy dispersive and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy were used in detection, and optimum beam energies were used in excitation. We find that for an equal accumulated charge the detection sensitivity by proton induced X-rays was a factor of two to three times greater than by electron induced X-rays for all elements. The increase of X-ray production by using proton energies above the level available to us (3 MeV) is rarely warranted in view of a corresponding increase of X-ray absorption losses in the target.
The president's veto of the budget bill

The President's veto of the budget bill denied the constitutionality of the method of removal of the proposed comptroller-general. Congressional surveillance of expenditures as contemplated by the bill is here discussed by a distinguished student of constitutional law.
A transparent chamber to facilitate tick studies on the host.

During a study of the histopathological aspects of the host reaction when an ixodid tick feeds, it became necessary to devise a tick chamber that would protect and confine the ticks and at the same time enable access to them for measuring and taking biopsy samples. Modification of a previously used type of chamber proved successful. This paper describes the materials needed, the method of construction, the attachment of the chamber to the host animal, and the advantages of this device.
Increased UDP kinase activity in rat and human hepatomas

PREVIOUS work1–4, (carried out in this laboratory with the molecular correlation concept as a conceptual and experimental approach resulted in an insight into the biochemical strategy of the cancer cell) much of it conducted with a model system of hepatomas of very different growth rates5, has revealed a gradually emerging metabolic imbalance that is linked with the increase in tumour growth rate1–4,6–12. Such biochemical alterations were manifested in progressive changes in the activities of opposing and competing key enzymes and opposing and competing metabolic pathways that correlated closely with tumour growth rate. These alterations in gene expression that seem to be linked with the increase in the expression of malignancy were manifested in increases in the activities of key glycolytic, pyrimidine and DNA synthesising enzymes4,7–12. Concurrently, there were progressive decreases in the activities of the key enzymes of gluconeogenesis, pyrimidine catabolism and the urea cycle4,7,8,10,12. In addition to this ‘malignancy-linked’ (growth-rate-linked) metabolic imbalance, we now show that the reprogramming of gene expression in cancer cells entails ‘transformation-linked’ alterations that are present in all hepatomas irrespective of growth rate or differentiation.
Two kinetic patterns of epitope-specific CD8 T-cell responses following murine gammaherpesvirus 68 infection.

Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV68) provides an important experimental model for understanding mechanisms of immune control of the latent human gammaherpesviruses. Antiviral CD8 T cells play a key role throughout three separate phases of the infection: clearance of lytic virus, control of the latency amplification stage, and prevention of reactivation of latently infected cells. Previous analyses have shown that T-cell responses to two well-characterized epitopes derived from ORF6 and ORF61 progress with distinct kinetics. ORF6 487 -specific cells predominate early in infection and then decline rapidly, whereas ORF61 524 -specific cells continue to expand through early latency, due to sustained epitope expression. However, the paucity of identified epitopes to this virus has limited our understanding of the overall complexities of CD8 T-cell immune control throughout infection. Here we screened 1,383 predicted H-2 b -restricted peptides and identified 33 responses, of which 21 have not previously been reported. Kinetic analysis revealed a spectrum of T-cell responses based on the rapidity of their decline after the peak acute response that generally corresponded to the expression patterns of the two previously characterized epitopes. The slowly declining responses that were maintained during latency amplification proliferated more rapidly and underwent maturation of functional avidity over time. Furthermore, the kinetics of decline was accelerated following infection with a latency-null mutant virus. Overall, the data show that γHV68 infection elicits a highly heterogeneous CD8 T-cell response that segregates into two distinctive kinetic patterns controlled by differential epitope expression during the lytic and latency amplification stages of infection.
Hybrid (combinatorial) Ia specificities: gene complementations to generate Ia.22.

Ia specificity 22 is expressed on a hybrid I-E molecule formed by the association of a beta chain (Ae) coded for by the I-A subregion and an alpha chain (Eα) encoded by the I-E subregion. Ia.22 can be generated by the complementation of A b , A k A s , A r with E d , E k , E vp , E r , E w3 , E u , E v but not E b , E f , E q , and E s . With the exception of H-2 p which does not complement with A s to generate Ia.22, all Ia.7-positive (I-E) haplotypes can provide the permissive Eα allele. It is postulated that Ia.22 is a combinatorial Ia determinant generated by the association of the alpha and beta chains. These determinants are probably involved in the immune recognition of antigens under dual Ir-gene control.
Autonomous Observability of Networked Multisatellite Systems

The focus of this paper is on the development of observability theory and estimation algorithms for multisatellite systems. The results could have applications in space missions that require minimum support from ground control centers and other systems such as the Global Positioning System. The main results consist of 1) the observability of two satellites, either cooperative or noncooperative, using relative measurements only, 2) a computational method for networked multiagent systems to check the observability using their topologies of communication and sensor network, 3) an unscented Kalman filter for the estimation of orbits, positions, and velocities using relative measurements, and 4) simulations on the observability of satellite systems, including a scenario of two satellites and, in another simulation, a networked multisatellite constellation with random communication interruptions.
Prejudice and Counseling Effectiveness

Differences in prejudice between “effective” and “ineffective” counselors who were male students in the 1962–1963 NDEA Counseling and Guidance Institute at Purdue University were investigated. Two separate analyses were conducted dichotomizing counselors into “effective” and “ineffective” groups. The first dichotomized group was derived from counseling practicum grades and the second from couselor supervisor rankings. Prejudicial attitudes were measured by the Bogardus Ethnic Distance Scale. The Mann-Whitney U was employed for the statistical analyses. The findings supported the hypothesis that prejudice is related to counseling effectiveness (practicum grades) at the .05 level of significance. Supervisor rankings and prejudices were not significantly related, although the results were in the anticipated direction.
Direct birefringence measurements using moire ray deflection techniques

Moire ray deflection analysis techniques can provide fast, simple, and sensitive quantitative methods for direct measurement of optical birefringence. Two of these techniques are described, analyzed, and demonstrated.
An Infrared Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of Group 4 Transition Metal CH2MCl2 and HC÷MCl3 Complexes

Laser-ablated group 4 transition metal atoms react with CH2Cl2 and CHCl3 to yield the singlet CH2MCl2 and triplet HC÷MCl3 complexes, respectively. These products are identified by infrared spectra, isotopic substitution of the reactant precursors, and comparison to density functional theoretically predicted vibrational modes for the lowest energy structures. The computed CH2MCl2 methylidene structures show no evidence of agostic distortion, in contrast to the previously investigated CH2MHCl complexes. In the triplet HC÷MCl3 complexes, the two unpaired electrons on carbon interact with the transition metal center and contribute weak π bonding. Comparisons with the analogous fluorinated complexes are given.
Effects of diuretics on cerebrospinal fluid formation and potassium movement.

Abstract Diuretics are compounds which augment the flow of urine, usually by altering ionic movement across tubular epithelial cells. The present experiments were performed to determine the effects of a number of diuretics upon the rate of formation and movement of potassium into another body fluid, viz. cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). An artificial CSF was perfused through the cerebroventricular system of cats anesthetized with pentobarbital. A saline solution of radioactive potassium (42K) was infused intravenously. Following three CSF collection periods, a diuretic was injected intravenously and three more collections of CSF were made. Aminometrodine, mersalyl-theophylline, hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide, triamterene, ethacrynic acid, and acetazolamide all significantly decreased the rate of CSF formation. Only spironolactone significantly increased the rate of CSF formation. A number of the diuretics significantly altered the movement of 42K into the perfusing CSF, but in a manner which did not parallel their actions on the rate of CSF formation. The processes involved in CSF formation and potassium exchange between plasma and CSF appear to be different and independent.
A Survey of Online Practitioners: Implications for Education and Practice

In the last decade the helping professions have seen a growing interest in the provision of online counseling and therapeutic services for individuals. Like most fields of work, social work also has experienced a growth in the creative use of technology in various areas of professional work. Based on this growing interest and the need for such services and research on its efficacy, a study was conducted to learn from e-therapists across the United States on their experiences with this mode of service delivery. This paper elicits results from the online survey and provides recommendations to better serve our clients in the tech savvy world and future research endeavors. The main findings of this preliminary study include: (a) Many theoretical perspectives and models are being used to ground online practice, (b) e-therapists are beginning to use videoconferencing for online practice supplementing their face-to-face sessions, and (c) e-therapists believe that online interventions benefit their clients.
Preparation of alumina-pillared montmorillonites with high thermal stability, regular microporosity and Lewis/Brönsted acidity

Alumina-pillared montmorillonites containing 1.58 and 1.84 pillaring aluminum ions per unit cell and exhibiting unusual thermal stability, microporosity and Lewis/Bronsted acidity have been prepared by the reaction of the Na+ exchanged forms of the clay with Al13 oligomers formed by basic hydrolysis of aluminum trichloride. The exceptional stability of the products is attributable to synthesis procedures that minimize the hydrolysis of the Al13 oligomers bound to the gallery surfaces. Replacing the initial Na+ ions with protons prior to pillaring diminishes the performance properties of the pillared forms. Nitrogen BET surface areas of 393–458 m2/g are obtained upon calcination of the products at 150°C. Even after calcination at 800°C, where previously reported pillared montmorillonites are collapsed, surface areas of ~215m2/g are observed. The reduction in surface area at high temperature is accompanied by a decrease in gallery height from ~10.2±0.2A (150°C) to ~7.6±0.1 A (800°C). Approximately 70% of the total surface area occurs in the micropore range (<20 A). Relatively broad bimodal micropore distributions with maxima near 5.5 and 7.5 A are observed for products calcined at 150°C. Owing to a lateral redistribution and restructuring of the pillars, the micropore structure becomes more uniform at higher calcination temperatures. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies of pyridine chemisorption confirm the presence of both Lewis and Bronsted acid sites for samples calcined at 400–800°C.
Trafficking and quality control of the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor in health and disease

Abstract In order to serve as enzymes, receptors and ion channels, proteins require structural precision. This is monitored by a cellular quality control system (QCS) that rejects misfolded proteins and thereby protects the cell against aberrant activity. Misfolding can result in protein molecules that retain intrinsic function, yet become misrouted within the cell; these cease to perform normally and result in disease. A therapeutic opportunity exists to correct misrouting and rescue mutants using “pharmacoperones” (small molecular folding templates, often peptidomimetics, which promote correct folding and rescue) thereby restoring function and potentially curing the underlying disease. Because of its small size, the GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) receptor (GnRHR) is an excellent model for GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor) and has allowed elucidation of the precise biochemical mechanism of pharmacoperone action necessary for rational design of new therapeutic agents. This review summarizes what has been learned about the structural requirements of the GnRHR that govern its interaction with the QCS and now presents the potential for the rational design of pharmacoperones. Because of the role of protein processing, this approach is likely to be applicable to other GCPCs and other proteins in general.
The effect of node synchronization times in ultra wideband wireless networks

Ultra-wideband wireless (UWB) can provide the physical layer for high capacity personal area networks. When UWB is used for communication between many nodes, relatively long acquisition times are needed when dropping and re-establishing wireless links between the nodes. This paper describes the development and use of mathematical and simulation models to investigate the impact on average packet delay of dropping and reacquiring links between nodes to directly transmit packets versus simply forwarding packets through intervening nodes without breaking the established wireless links. The work presented here assumes that no specific MAC layer protocol, such as WiMedia UWB MAC, is operating. The paper describes the models, explains the selection of modeling parameters used, compares the average packet delay for a network of three simple UWB nodes, and explains the use of these results for network design engineers.
Alcohol dehydrogenase variability in Hypentelium nigricans

Abstract The alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme system of Hypentelium nigricans has been analyzed by means of starch gel electrophoresis yielding two electrophoretically distinct alleles. Clinal variability is suggested with apparent fixation of alleles at the extremes of the sampled range.
Determination of the Dark Matter Profile of A2199 from Integrated Starlight

We have obtained deep, long-slit spectroscopy along the major axis of NGC 6166, the cD galaxy in the cluster A2199, in order to measure the kinematics of intracluster stars at large radii. The velocity dispersion initially decreases from the central value of 300 to 200 km s-1 within a few kiloparsecs and then steadily rises to 660 km s-1 at a radius of 60 kpc (H0 = 75 km s-1 Mpc-1, Ωm = 0.3, ΩΛ = 0.7), nearly reaching the velocity dispersion of the cluster (σA2199 = 775 ± 50 km s-1). These data suggest that the stars in the halo of the cD galaxy trace the potential of the cluster and that the kinematics of these intracluster stars can be used to constrain the mass profile of the cluster. In addition, we find evidence for systematic rotation (V/σ ≈ 0.3) in the intracluster stars beyond 20 kpc. Such rotation is not seen in the kinematics of the cluster members. The surface brightness and velocity dispersion profiles can be fitted using a single-component mass model only by making unphysical assumptions about the level of anisotropy for both the stars in the cD galaxy and the kinematics of the galaxies in the cluster. Two-component mass models for the cD galaxy and its halo are subsequently explored using the kinematics of known cluster members as an additional constraint on the total enclosed mass beyond the extent of the stellar kinematics. Under the assumption of isotropy, the observed major-axis kinematics can be reproduced only if the halo, parameterized by a generalized Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile, has a soft core, i.e., α < 1 (a generalized NFW halo with α = 1 is excluded because of low implied stellar mass-to-light ratios). This result is inconsistent with the predictions of current N-body simulations for dark matter halos. To test the consistency of our halo profiles with those derived from strong lensing measurements in intermediate-redshift clusters, we calculate the critical radii for tangential arcs, assuming that our best-fit mass models for A2199 were placed at cosmological redshifts between 0.2 ≤ z ≤ 0.5. The calculated critical radii for our best-fit two-component isotropic models range from 5'' to 40'', depending on the assumed source redshift, consistent with the radii for gravitational arcs observed in intermediate-redshift clusters. We also present the results of Monte Carlo simulations testing the general reliability of velocity dispersion measurements in the regime of low signal-to-noise ratio and large intrinsic Doppler broadening.
γA/γ' fibrinogen inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation

The minor gammaA/gamma' fibrinogen isoform contains a high affinity binding site for thrombin exosite II that is lacking in the major gammaA/gammaA fibrinogen isoform. We therefore investigated the biological consequences of the gamma' chain binding to thrombin. Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by gammaA/gamma' fibrinogen. Carboxyl terminal peptide fragment gamma'410-427 from the gamma' chain was also inhibitory, with an IC(50) of approximately 200 microM in whole plasma. Deletion of the peptide from either the amino or carboxyl end significantly decreased inhibition. In contrast to thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, aggregation induced by epinephrine, ADP, arachidonic acid, or SFLLRN peptide showed little inhibition by the gamma' peptide. The inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was not due to direct inhibition of the thrombin active site, since cleavage of a small peptidyl substrate was 91% of normal even in the presence of 1 mM gamma'410-427. The gamma'410-427 peptide blocked platelet adhesion to immobilized thrombin under both static and flow conditions, blocked soluble thrombin binding to platelet GPIbalpha, and inhibited PAR1 cleavage by thrombin. These results suggest that the gamma' chain of fibrinogen inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by binding to thrombin exosite II. Thrombin that is bound to the gamma' chain is thereby prevented from activating platelets, while retaining its amidolytic activity.
Meeting Report: 2007 NSLS-CFN Joint Users' Meeting Focuses on Synergy, Importance of Securing NSLS-II

As Brookhaven aligns key scientific facilities and tools meant to make it a leader in U.S. energy research, government and Lab officials say the time has come to fight for and secure the last piece of the puzzle – the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II). Held in conjunction with the official opening of the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN), the second joint meeting of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) and CFN user communities stressed the importance of NSLS-II to the Lab's research synergy.
Perceived benefits and challenges of coordinated approaches to chronic disease prevention in state health departments.

INTRODUCTION Chronic disease prevention efforts have historically been funded categorically according to disease or risk factor. Federal agencies are now progressively starting to fund combined programs to address common risk. The purpose of this study was to inform transitions to coordinated chronic disease prevention by learning views on perceived benefits and challenges of a coordinated approach to funding. METHODS A national survey on evidence-based public health was conducted from March through May 2013 among state health department employees working in chronic disease prevention (N = 865). Participants were asked to rank the top 3 benefits and top 3 challenges in coordinating chronic disease approaches from provided lists and could provide additional responses. Descriptive analyses, χ(2) tests, and analysis of variance were conducted. RESULTS The most common perceived benefits of coordinated approaches to chronic disease prevention were improved health outcomes, common risk factors better addressed, and reduced duplication of program efforts. The most common perceived challenges were funding restrictions, such as disease-specific performance measures; competing priorities; lack of communication across programs; funding might be reduced; agency not structured for program coordination; and loss of disease-specific partner support. Rankings of benefits and challenges were similar across states and participant roles; the perceived challenges "lack of communication across programs" (P = .02) and "funding might be reduced" differed by program area (P < .001). CONCLUSION Findings can be used by funding agencies and state health departments for planning, training, and technical assistance. The information on perceived challenges demonstrates the need to improve communication across programs, enhance organizational support for coordinated approaches, and create benefits for organizational partners.
Hydrogen isotopic composition of NBS and IAEA stable isotope water reference samples

The hydrogen isotopic compositions of several isotope water reference samples have been determined on a cycloidal double-collecting isotope ratio mass spectrometer that can resolve HD+ from the ‘contaminant’ H3+ ion beam.
Faeces of the Medicinal Leech, Hirudo medicinalis , are Haem

The pigmented tissue around the gut of the blood feeding leech, Hirudo medicinalis, was regarded by Moquin-Tandon in 1826 (ref. 1) as a liver. Spiess2 challenged this concept on the grounds that the pigmented tissue was not derived from the gut, but he agreed that it was a functional liver even if it was not a morphological or an embryological one.
Ultrastructural Relationship of Melanocytes to Mast Cells and "Melanophages" in a Lesion of Alopecia Mucinosa

Mast cells were observed in the basal layer of epidermis and external hair sheaths in a case of alopecia mucinosa with ultrastructural examination, paralleling the light microscopic observation of cells containing metachromatic granules in these areas. Intermediate cells which combined features of mast cells and melanocytes were also present in focal areas of the basal layer. These were characterized ultrastructurally by the presence of both mast cell granules and melanosomes in their cytoplasm and by the presence of atypical granules combining ultrastructural features of both granule types. An electron density consistent with melanization was noted in some mast cell granules. Cells were present in the dermis containing individual melanosomes in various stages of melanization melanosome complexes, or both individual melanosomes and melanosome complexes. True vacuoles (phagosomes) containing melanin or endocytotic vesicles containing melanin were not observed. Melanosomes in the intercellular spaces were extremely rare. These observations support the hypotheses a) that mast cells and melanocytes may be histogenetically related, and b) that at least some "melanophages" are melanocytes in which melanosome complexes form by intracellular reorganization.
Estimation of rainfall storage capacity in the canopies of cypress wetlands and slash pine uplands in North-Central Florida

The specific water retention capacities (SWRC) on the surfaces of canopy elements (leaves, branches and stems) were measured for dominant species and scaled up to the canopy level in cypress (Taxodium ascendens) wetlands and slash pine (Pinus elliottii) uplands in Florida flatwoods. The SWRC of foliage of pine, cypress and black gum (Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora) was about 0.04 mm with no significant difference among species. The SWRC of branches and stems increased linearly with diameter for all three dominant tree species. For a given diameter, cypress branches and stems had the highest SWRC, followed by slash pine and black gum. The retention capacity of wetlands (average 0.94 mm) was about twice that of uplands (average 0.43 mm). The water retention capacity of wetlands demonstrated higher seasonal variability than that of pine uplands due to the higher seasonal variability of leaf area index in the wetlands.
DAT genotype modulates brain and behavioral responses elicited by cigarette cues.

We previously demonstrated differential activation of the mesocorticolimbic reward circuitry in response to cigarette cues independent of withdrawal. Despite robust effects, we noted considerable individual variability in brain and subjective responses. As dopamine (DA) is critical for reward and its predictive signals, genetically driven variation in DA transmission may account for the observed differences. Evidence suggests that a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) polymorphism in the DA transporter (DAT) SLC6A3 gene may influence DA transport. Brain and behavioral responses may be enhanced in probands carrying the 9-repeat allele. To test this hypothesis, perfusion fMR images were acquired during cue exposure in 19 smokers genotyped for the 40 bp VNTR polymorphism in the SLC6A3 gene. Contrasts between groups revealed that 9-repeat (9-repeats) had a greater response to smoking (vs nonsmoking) cues than smokers homozygous for the 10-repeat allele (10/10-repeats) bilaterally in the interconnected ventral striatal/pallidal/orbitofrontal cortex regions (VS/VP/OFC). Activity was increased in 9-repeats and decreased in 10/10-repeats in the VS/VP/OFC (p<0.001 for all analyses). Brain activity and craving was strongly correlated in 10/10-repeats in these regions and others (anterior cingulate, parahippocampal gyrus, and insula; r2=0.79–0.86, p<0.001 in all regions). Alternatively, there were no significant correlations between brain and behavior in 9-repeats. There were no differences in cigarette dependence, demographics, or resting baseline neural activity between groups. These results provide evidence that genetic variation in the DAT gene contributes to the neural and behavioral responses elicited by smoking cues.
Generating Diverse Skeletons of Small Molecules Combinatorially

Lack of efficient access to collections of synthetic compounds that have skeletal diversity is a key bottleneck in the small-molecule discovery process. We report a synthesis strategy that involves transforming substrates with different appendages that pre-encode skeletal information, named σ elements, into products that have different skeletons with the use of common reaction conditions. With this approach, split-pool synthesis can be used to pre-encode skeletal diversity combinatorially and thereby generate such small molecules very efficiently. A split-pool synthesis of more than 1000 compounds produced overlapping, combinatorial matrices of molecular skeletons and appended building blocks in both enantiomeric and diastereomeric forms.
Pygmalion and Intelligence

Rosenthal has again presented his I Pygmalion in the Classroom study as the best example of interpersonal ex pectancy effects, cloaking it for sup port in meta-analyses of related though not comparable research.1 In my view, both his data and his field of work are thus misrepresented to both psychological science and the public. The dispute about Pygmal ion has a long history with many fac ets.2 Without trying to rehash it all in a small space, I focus here on the core malady and a suggested cure. To be clear, I agree that the gen eral evidence shows that interper sonal expectancies exist as psycho logical phenomena, and that teacher expectancies, as an example, can influence classroom teaching and learning, at least sometimes.3 But I do not agree that the evidence shows an influence of teacher ex pectancy on learner intelligence.
Optimization of time analyzer parameters in multi-cycle experiments with exponential decay

Abstract A method has been devised to determine the optimum channel dwell time and number of analysis channels of the time analyzer in multi-cycle experiments with exponential decay. The optimization was accomplished by minimizing the total experiment time with the constraint that the error in the decay constant was a constant. Calculations were restricted to the parameters commonly available on multichannel analyzers in the multiscale mode. The results indicate that experiments would often be more efficient and valuable experiment time would be conserved if larger channel dwell times were employed.
Gravitational radiation, radiation damping, and the fast-motion approximation

The sign of the gravitational energy radiated by a material system, as calculated by one or another appropriate stress-energy pseudotensor, is shown always to be positive. A fastmotion approximation that finds this quantity to be negative is shown to violate one of the conditions that ensure its positivity. As a consequence the calculation based on this approximation is shown to neglect terms of the same order (G2) as it retains.
Relationships of Forage Compositions With Rates of Cell Wall Digestion and Indigestibility of Cell Walls

Abstract Forage fiber digestion followed first-order reaction kinetics even though individual forages differed widely in maturity, composition, and rate of fiber digestion. Linearity of individual semilog plots of remaining digestible cell walls on time and their individually high r 2 (mean .978) for each of 112 different samples representing 15 species support this general model. Cell wall digestion rates were more highly correlated with soluble dry matter percentage (y =−.0299 + .00261X, r=.72, P
Plant architecture, prey distribution and predator release strategy interact to affect foraging efficiency of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on cucumber

Abstract We examined the ability of adult predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, to search for and consume twospotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, on cucumber plants that were manipulated to exhibit different architectures and prey distributions among leaves. Plants were manipulated to have either six small leaves or two large leaves; however, both plants types had similar total surface areas. Prey were located either all on one basal leaf or evenly distributed among all leaves. In one experiment, we measured prey-finding time when predators were released at the top or bottom of plants. Regardless of release point, P. persimilis found prey more rapidly when prey were on all leaves. On such plants, P. persimilis found prey patches first on leaves closest to the release point. Predator release point only affected prey-finding time when prey were located on the basal leaf of 6-leafed plants; it was longer when predators were released at the top. In a second experiment, we measured consumption and oviposition rates of predatory mites. Phytoseiulus persimilis consumed more prey on six-leafed than two-leaved plants regardless of prey distribution. Prey consumption and predator oviposition was highest on prey patches nearest the release point. We conclude that releasing P. persimilis over the plant canopy may not be effective during early stages of spider mite infestations on plants with a complex architecture. Both prey distribution and plant architecture should be considered when making decisions concerning release of P. persimilis in augmentative biological control programs.
Perspectives on multimodality

Eija Ventola, Cassily Charles, & Martin Kaltenbacher (eds.), Perspectives on multimodality. (Document Design Companion Series.) Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 2004. Pp. x, 250. Hb eur. 95.00/$114.00.This sixth volume in the Document Design Companion Series, like its predecessors, is devoted to issues of written, spoken, and visual (electronic) discourse as a contextual undertaking. While other volumes have roots in social semiotics, this one is unique for the breadth of its multimodal curiosity. Its cross-section of essays emerged from discussions that took place during the First International Symposium on Multimodal Discourse at the University of Salzburg. The symposium's organizers, who are also this book's editors, hope their work will foster discussion encompassing theory, method, and an eclectic array of applications, from the multisemiotic construction of mathematics to visual/verbal humor in comics. From their point of view, this work suggests possibilities for future study rather than fully realized principles in a field where nonlinguistic meaning making is only beginning to be incorporated into linguistic analysis. Therefore, one can often forgive the uneven nature of this undertaking. Stronger concerns arise when problematic or missing information affects a central claim.
Surface order dependent magnetic thin film growth: Fe on GaN(0 0 0 1)

Abstract X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism have been used to study the growth process, chemical composition and magnetic character of iron deposited on ordered and disordered GaN(0 0 0 1) surfaces. On the (1 × 1) ordered surface the Fe grows uniformly but with disruption to the substrate surface, subsequently nitrogen desorbs from the surface, some of which diffuses into the Fe overlayer. The film is magnetically fractured, with high magnetic coercivity and broad switching fields. Conversely, the gallium rich disordered surface protects the underlying substrate from any disruption and initially induces non-uniform growth, the Fe clusters coalesce at ∼12 A, to produce a uniform film with desirable magnetic characteristics. Films beyond this point (>12 A) indicate sharp hysteresis loops with low coercivities. For the resultant film (36 A) we measure a magnetic moment of 2.02 μ B , in agreement with bulk bcc iron (2.068 μ B .)