cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Merchant Seamen, Sailortowns, and the Philanthropic Encounter in New York, 1843–1945

From 1843 to the current day, the Seamen’s Church Institute has sustained a philanthropic project in the Port of New York with merchant seamen as its target. This chapter attempts to situate the case study of this philanthropic project within the methodology of coastal history, as introduced by Isaac Land, and articulated by the contributors to this volume. Additionally, it argues that sailortowns can function as historical microcosms, in that the study of social, cultural, and economic contestations that originated within sailortowns provides larger insights into macro-level studies of US history. Finally, the chapter argues for the study of maritime ministry as an essential source for identifying and resurfacing contestations within sailortowns.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors-are we stuck and the way forward

Casali et al . recently published the much-awaited long-term results of the Euro-Australasian phase III randomized trial comparing standard dose of 400 mg imatinib daily with a higher dose of 400 mg twice daily in patients with advanced or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) (1). In summary, the study indicated that there is a small subset of patients who are long-term survivors and that a lower tumor burden might predict better survival (1). These results can serve as a guiding torch towards future research to improve our present understanding and management of GIST.
Thermal Stability of Piperazine Block Copolymers

Previous publications discussed the thermal stability of a series of piperazine polyamides (1–4). In the case of the piperazine homopolymers, it was shown that methyl substitution of the piperazine rings effectively decreases their thermal stability in a vacuum. On the other hand, the presence of terephthaloyl moieties in the chain increases the thermal stability of the system in comparison with the polymers that have isophthaloyl moieties in their chains. An essentially random thermal breakdown was indicated from the nature of the volatile degradation products, the character of the rate curves, and the high activation energies.
Direct anterior approach for revision total hip arthroplasty

Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be successfully performed through the direct anterior (DA) approach. Patient positioning, the surgical approach and specific instruments are important for obtaining adequate exposure. Acetabular exposure can be facilitated by capsular release and correct placement of retractors. Distal and proximal extension of the incision, as well as a femoral extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO) can be performed to increase femoral exposure. The purposes of this article are to describe the DA approach, provide surgical techniques for revision THA through this approach, and describe the indications, contraindications and complications of this approach.
Atrial Septal Defect

An atrial septal defect is a communication between the left and right atria. It is a common congenital heart anomaly. It can occur as an isolated defect or in conjunction with other complex congenital heart anomalies. This section will review the incidence, physiology, and anesthetic considerations of both repaired and unrepaired atrial septal defects in pregnancy.
Exploring the association between changes in partner behaviors, perceived service member drinking, and relationship quality: Secondary analysis of a web-based intervention for military partners.

Abstract Problematic drinking is a serious and persistent problem among U.S. military service members and veterans, who face barriers to seeking help and are less likely to seek help than the civilian population. One way to reach this population is through spouses or partners who are concerned about the service members' drinking (concerned partners [CPs]). CPs of military service members were recruited for a web-based intervention, Partners Connect, that aimed to improve patterns of communication about the service members' drinking. Participants were 234 CPs (95% female; 71% White; 89% married; average age 32 years) who completed a baseline survey, were randomized to a four-session web-based intervention or a waitlist control group, and completed a follow-up assessment 5 months later. Three measures reported by CPs assessed perceived partner drinking (drinks per week, highest number of drinks across a typical week, and frequency of drinking in the past month) and CP behaviors were assessed using the Significant-other Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2). Results demonstrated that the intervention did not have a main effect on CP behaviors relative to control. However, changes in CP punishment of partner drinking and behaviors supporting sobriety were significantly associated with decreased perceived partner drinking and improved relationship quality over time. Furthermore, compared to the control group, to the extent that CPs in the treatment group reduced their negative behaviors, perceived partner drinking declined and relationship quality improved. The results reinforce the importance of considering CP behaviors when designing interventions to reduce drinking.
Ring of charge probed with Atomic Force Microscopy dielectric tip.

Original paper submitted as an honors thesis ; Mentor: Professor Fredy R. Zypman, Physics The file is restricted for YU community access only.
Influences of operator head posture and protective eyewear on eye lens doses in interventional radiology: A Monte Carlo Study

Purpose To quantify the effects of operator head posture and different types of protective eyewear on the eye lens dose to operators in interventional radiology (IR). Methods A deformable computational human phantom, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Adult Male, consisting of a high-resolution eye model, was used to simulate a radiologist who is performing an interventional radiology procedure. The radiologist phantom was deformed to a set of different head postures. Three different protective eyewear models were incorporated into the posture-deformed radiologist phantom. The eye lens dose of the radiologist was calculated using the Monte Carlo code, MCNP. Effects of the radiologist's head posture and different types of protective eyewear on eye lens doses were studied. The relationship between efficacy of protective eyewear and the radiologist's head posture was investigated. Effects of other parameters on efficacy of protective eyewear were also studied, including the angular position of the radiologist, the gap between the eyewear and the face of the radiologist, and the lead equivalent thickness. Results The dose to both lenses decreased by 80% as the head posture moved from looking downward to looking upward. Sports wrap glasses were found to reduce doses further than the other two studied models. The efficacy of eyewear was found to be related to radiologist's head posture as well. When the radiologist was looking up, the protective eyewear almost provided no protection to both lenses. Other factors such as the face-to-eyewear distance and the lead equivalent thickness were also found to have an impact on the efficacy of protective eyewear. The dose reduction factor (DRF), defined as the ratio of the dose to the lens without protection to that with protection, decreased from 4.25 to 1.07 as the face-to-eyewear distance increased. The DRF almost doubled when the lead equivalent thickness increased from 0.07 to 0.35 mm. However, further increase in lead equivalent thickness showed little improvement in dose reduction. Conclusion The radiologist's head posture has a significant influence on the eye lens dose in IR. Sports wrap protective eyewear which conforms to the curve of the face is essential for the radiation protection of the eye lens. However, the radiologist's head posture and other exposure parameters should be considered when evaluating the protection of the radiologist's eyes.
A Barium Fluoride Crystal Calorimeter for the SSC

This report presents a design study of a high precision barium fluoride (BaF2) crystal calorimeter for the proposed L* experiment at the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). The excellent time, position and energy resolution of the BaF2 crystal calorimeter will provide great discovery potential at the SSC.
Enhancing and Promoting Your Office Urology Practice

“The reality is if you don’t understand business practices, you can’t survive in today’s market. You will no longer be practicing medicine and providing the care to the patient that you went to medical school to treat” [1]. As a result of lowered reimbursements and rising overhead costs, urologists are looking for methods and techniques to become more efficient and more productive. One opportunity for all urologists is to improve their efficiency by treating various urologic diseases and conditions in the office instead of in the hospital. This chapter will discuss how to prepare the patient for your visit before the patient enters the practice and the importance of creating a good first impression, managing the patient once they are in the practice, the advantages of utilizing a scribe as well as using a physician’s assistant and nurse practitioner effectively in your practice and how to continue the encounter after the patient completes their visit. With the use of videos, you can educate patients with exactly the message you want them to receive. We are challenged to be more efficient with every patient encounter, by using a scribe, having an excellent receptionist, and utilizing videos, you can enhance the efficiency of your practice.
Endometrial Cancer Genetic Classification and Its Clinical Application

Each year, epithelial endometrial cancer (EC) incidence accounts for 7% of all cancers in women worldwide, representing the fourth most common malignancy arising in women. In the United States alone, over 54,000 new cases are expected and over 10,170 women will die of this disease in 2015 [1].
Alcohol Drinking Alters Stress Coping via Extended Amygdala Kappa Opioid Receptor Signaling in Male Mice

Abstract Maladaptive responses to stress are a hallmark of alcohol use disorder, but the mechanisms that underlie this are not well characterized. Here we show that kappa opioid receptor (KOR) signaling in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) is a critical molecular substrate disrupting stress-coping behavior following heavy alcohol drinking. Altered responses to an innate stressor were associated with enhanced PFC-driven excitation of prodynorphin-containing neurons in the BNST during protracted withdrawal from intermittent alcohol drinking. These findings suggest that increased corticolimbic connectivity may underlie impaired stress-coping during protracted withdrawal from heavy drinking and represents a target of potential therapeutic mediation as well as a potential biomarker of negative outcomes. Impact Statement Heavy alcohol drinking primes dynorphin / kappa opioid systems in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to alter stress coping responses.
Imaging mimics of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: avoiding pitfalls in a diagnosis of exclusion

Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a pediatric autoinflammatory disorder that is characterized by multiple sterile inflammatory bone lesions with a relapsing and remitting course. CRMO belongs to the autoinflammatory family of rheumatologic disorders based on absence of significant titers of autoantibodies and autoreactive T-lymphocytes. In absence of pathognomonic clinical, radiographic or pathological features, diagnosis can be challenging. CRMO shares imaging features with other diseases. It is important for radiologists to be able to differentiate other diseases from CRMO because prognosis varies from completely benign to frankly malignant. In this article we first present the clinical and imaging features of CRMO to help readers gain an understanding of the disease process, then discuss our imaging approach to CRMO and review other disease processes that sometimes share similar imaging findings to CRMO and review differentiating features to help avoid misdiagnoses.
Review: Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms: Art, Word, War. The British Library, London, England, 19 October 2018–19 February 2019

Exhibition Catalogue: Claire Breay and Joanna Story, eds., Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms: Art, Word, War . London, The British Library, 2018. 424 pp., full color illustration and maps, £25, ISBN: 9780712352079. To enter the British Library's landmark exhibition, visitors assumed King Edgar's place in the famous frontispiece to the 966 New Minster Charter, the image that also serves as the cover to Claire Breay and Joanna Story's intricate catalogue (where Edgar returns to his usual spot on fol. 2v; cat. 112, click link for an image). The male and female saints who ordinarily flank the king appeared as sentinels on the doorframe, ushering visitors into the exhibition space as their right hands holding attributes bent around the corners of the posts, making a gateway of cross and key. Having been greeted by figures due to reappear in the second half of the show, visitors next approached the fifth–sixth-century starting point for the exhibition's long chronological arc. A large photograph of green forest defined the initial installation space, along with a wall map depicting the movements of Picts, Dal Riata, Irish, Britons, Franks, Saxons, Frisians, Angles, and Jutes (this map inaugurating a magnificent set distributed throughout the galleries and abbreviated in the catalogue, at pp. 398–403). The first vitrine set up a vivid confrontation, presenting the enigmatic earthenware figure sitting elbows to knees on the fifth-century urn lid found at Spong Hill, Norfolk (click link for an image). The opening of the exhibition established several themes key to the projects of the catalogue and installation. Beginning with the Spong Man's stare, “Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms” staged an extraordinary set of encounters with a range of objects, including 130 manuscripts. All the objects embody the centrality of the written word and its crafted media of transmission in the medieval history of (primarily) the land that is now England.1 The curators and catalogue authors effectively emphasized objects’ histories of movement as a factor just as crucial to the show's story as the works’ original …
Intrinsic Chemical Reactivity of Silicon Electrode Materials: Gas Evolution

In this work, we explore how the chemical reactivity toward an aprotic battery electrolyte changes as a function of lithium salt and silicon surface termination chemistry. The reactions are highly ...
Multimodal Data Fusion via Entropy Minimization

The use of gradient-based data-driven models to solve a range of real-world remote sensing problems can in practice be limited by the uniformity of available data. Use of data from disparate sensor types, resolutions, and qualities typically requires compromises based on assumptions that are made prior to model training and may not necessarily be optimal given over-arching objectives. For example, while deep neural networks (NNs) are state-of-the-art in a variety of target detection problems, training them typically requires either limiting the training data to a subset over which uniformity can be enforced or training independent models which subsequently require additional score fusion. The method we introduce here seeks to leverage the benefits of both approaches by allowing correlated inputs from different data sources to co-influence preferred model solutions, while maintaining flexibility over missing and mismatching data. In this paper, we propose a new data fusion technique for gradient updated models based on entropy minimization and experimentally validate it on a hyperspectral target detection dataset. We demonstrate superior performance compared to currently available techniques and highlight the value of the proposed method for data regimes with missing data.
Looking for Default Rule Legitimacy in All the Wrong Places: A Critique of the Authority of Contract Model and the Coordination Principle Proposed by Professor Burto

A central question of contract law remains: when should the law supply a term not expressly agreed to? Many scholars have addressed that question, yet the justification for law- supplied terms often remains unconvincing. Because many proposals to supply terms do not incorporate a comparative frameworkfor assessing the costs and benefits of legal interventions, they are incompletely justifled. This Article proposes that a comparative net benefit approach (developed in institutional economics to explain private arrangements) be adapted and expanded to resolve fundamental issues of legal intervention. This Article uses that framework to critique the (1) hypothetical bargain and (2) Ayres/Gertner penalty default rule approaches to law-supplied terms. Finally, this Article illustrates the benefits of the comparative framework for resolving questions of law-supplied rules in the precontractual negotiation and subcontractor bidding contexts.
"Know your worth and play it safe:" messages to daughters from Mexican-origin mothers in conversations about dating and romantic relationships

This study aims to enhance understanding of mother-daughter communication about dating and romantic relationships. We explored how Mexican-origin, mostly immigrant mothers talked about these topics with their daughters (ages 13 to 16 years) using videotaped observational methods. Themes drawn from the maternal messages contained in the conversations of 132 mother-daughter dyads show that mothers promote positive decision-making among their daughters, advising them to take their time, choose partners wisely, insist on respect from boys, maintain autonomy in relationships, pursue education goals, and develop a sense of self-worth. Mothers expressed concern about their daughters being pressured or manipulated into having unwanted sex, which led to messages about negative partner dynamics predominating in conversations. Communication about risks, however, included only implicit advice about self-protective behaviours and few messages about the potential for dating violence and abuse. We discuss the implications for improving the design of sexual health communication programmes in which mothers and daughters jointly participate.
Generational Transitions and the Timing of Technology Adoption

Increases in input prices are often cited as the impetus to the investment in resource conserving technologies. We demonstrate that in addition to price changes, adoption of new production technologies may be triggered by discrete events, such as generational transitions, that change the relative value of existing and potential production activities. Though increases in price may encourage investment in new technologies, results indicate the actual timing of investment is more closely linked to the occurrence of discrete events.
Muslims, Religiosity, and Attitudes Toward Wife Beating: Analysis of the World Values Survey

This study examines the relationships among religiosity, affiliation with Islam, and attitudes toward wife beating. A series of individual- and country-level mixed modeling is performed on a sample of 45,268 subjects in 37 countries. The sample is derived from the World Values Survey. The results show that affiliation with Islam is related to an accepting attitude toward wife beating regardless of demographics; a Muslim’s attitude toward gender inequality; or the country’s aggregated gender inequality, predominant religion, human development level, and religious diversity. However, a Muslim who maintains a high-level belief religiosity exhibits a less accepting attitude toward wife beating than a Muslim who has a low-level of belief religiosity. Furthermore, a Muslim who lives in a country with a high level of nationally aggregated belief religiosity is likely to have a low acceptance of wife beating. However, individual religious service attendance fails to correspond significantly with individual attitudes toward wife beating. These findings suggest that Muslims’ high level of acceptance toward wife beating is not fully explained by their high level of belief religiosity, ritual religiosity, or personal attitude toward gender inequality. In addition, increasing the belief religiosity among Muslims may contribute to decreasing their acceptance of wife beating.
Intestinal organoids expose heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility

Organoids generated from primary human specimens facilitate investigation of the intestinal barrier by recreating the complex cellular composition of the epithelium. Although the significance remains unclear, intestinal organoid lines display heterogeneity in their growth and morphology. We hypothesized that organoids will also display variability in the degree to which they are susceptible to infectious agents. Using SARS-CoV-2 as a model, we found orders of magnitude differences in the amount of SARS-CoV-2 recovered from small intestinal and colonic organoids generated from different donors. SARS-CoV-2 burden did not correlate with demographic or clinical features associated with donors, but rather reflected the expression level of the virus receptor ACE2. Remarkably, organoid ACE2 transcript levels matched the amount of ACE2 detected in primary tissue from the same individual, indicating that certain properties of the intestinal epithelium are retained during ex vivo differentiation. Longitudinal transcriptomics of organoids identified a delayed yet robust interferon signature, the magnitude of which corresponded to the degree of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results suggest that intestinal organoids display substantial heterogeneity in their ability to support viral infections and can potentially inform mechanisms behind interindividual differences in susceptibility to infectious disease.
Hollow-Fiber Contained Liquid Membrane

In gas separations by permeation through a nonporous polymeric membrane, gas molecules undergo dissolution in the membrane at the feed gas/membrane interface. The dissolved species diffuse through the membrane and are desorbed at the other membrane surface, the permeate gas/membrane interface. For permanent gases at temperatures greater than the critical temperature of the gases, the dissolution/desorption behavior of a gas has been found to obey Hen-ry’s law if the membrane is made of a rubbery material; the gas species dissolve in the membrane or desorb from it as if the membrane were a liquid. It is then obvious that a thin liquid layer ought to be able to function as a selective membrane provided it can withstand the pressure difference between the feed gas and the permeate gas and preserve itself. Not only a pure liquid but any solution could then be used as a permselective membrane
Development of a dust deposition forecasting model for mine tailings impoundments using in situ observations and particle transport simulations

Abstract Mine tailings impoundments in arid and semiarid environments are susceptible to wind erosion due to their fine grain silt and sandy composition and lack of vegetative coverage. Aeolian transport of particulate matter from these mine tailings impoundments are potential hazards to human health due to the presence of metal and metalloid contaminants. Predicting windblown transport of mine tailings material can be a useful tool in characterizing the risk and environmental impact on neighboring communities. This work presents a model that can be used to forecast the transport and deposition of windblown dust from mine tailings impoundments. The deposition forecast model uses in situ observations from a tailings field site and theoretical simulations of aerosol transport to parameterize the model. It includes a method for simulating deposition patterns for several different size fractions and can be translated to other regions and applied to different windblown dust sources. The model was developed using data from the Iron King Mine tailings in Dewey-Humboldt, Arizona, a Superfund site that is heavily contaminated with lead and arsenic. A preliminary verification of the model was conducted using topsoil measurements of lead and arsenic as tracers of windblown dust from the tailings impoundment. The tailings tracers support the predicted deposition patterns generated by the deposition forecasting model.
Reliable Measurement of Cortical Flow Patterns Using Complex Independent Component Analysis of Electroencephalographic Signals

Complex independent component analysis (ICA) of frequency-domain electroencephalographic (EEG) data [1] is a generalization of real time-domain ICA to the frequency-domain. Complex ICA aims to model functionally independent sources as representing patterns of spatio-temporal dynamics. Applied to EEG data, it may allow non-invasive measurement of flow trajectories of cortical potentials. As complex ICA has a higher complexity and number of parameters than time-domain ICA, it is important to determine the extent to which complex ICA applied to brain signals is stable across decompositions. This question is investigated for the complex ICA method applied to the 5-Hz frequency band of data from a selective attention EEG experiment.
The residence time of trichlorofluoromethane in polyurethane foams: Variability, trends and effects of ambient temperature

Abstract Glosed cell polyurethane foams now constitute the major use of F-11 which is a relatively recent occurrence. The residence time of F-11 in various types of polyurethane foams is extremely long, probably more than a hundred years. Because of the long residence time, polyurethane foams constitute a significant and growing reservoir of F-11 from which the fluorocarbon will leak out into the atmosphere at increasing rates for a very long time. The temporal behavior of the emission rate of F-11 is characterized by slow, relatively constant emission rates once the effects of cutting the foam have subsided. Bruising or breaking the polyurethane foams can release large amounts of F-11. There is considerable variability in the average emission rates between foams made by different manufacturers (∼ 400 %) but very little variability in average emission rates from samples of the same larger piece of foam (≤ 20%). Consequently the residence time of F-11 is different for foams from different manufacturers, but in all cases the residence time is very long. Emission rates increase rapidly with increasing temperature at an average rate of about 5% per degree F in the temperature range between 70°F and 80°F. In actual applications the temperature may be an important determinant of the residence time of F-11 in polyurethane foams.
Approximation by polynomials of given length

On considere des polynomes algebriques de longueur≤m sur un intervalle [a, b]. On demontre l'existence d'une meilleure approximation par des polynomes de longueur ≤m dans C[a, b]
Assessment of Effect of Starvation, Glucose, Fatty Acids and Hormones on α-Decarboxylation of Leucine in Skeletal Muscle of Rat

The present investigations of rates of oxidation of [U-14C] or [1-14C]leucine by homogenates of gastrocnemius muscle of fed and starved rats have indicated that 14CO2 production is mainly the result of alpha-decarboxylation of leucine in this tissue. This incomplete oxidation was not the result of imparied tricarboxylic acid cycle since the oxidation of palmitate proceeded to completion within the experimental conditions. In the subsequent studies, the effect of altered nutrition and metabolic factors on alpha-decarboxylation of leucine by gastrocnemius muscle homogenates was investigated. Starvation increased the rate of alpha-decarboxylation of leucine. Glucose or palmitate (C16) added in physiological concentrations to the incubation medium were without effect on decarboxylation of leucine, but this reaction was stimulated by addition of 1 mM hexanoate (C6) or octanoate (C8) to the incubation medium. However, when fatty acid chain length was elongated to C10 (decanoate), the stimulatory effect was not only abolished, but this fatty acid significantly inhibited the rate of leucine decarboxylation. Addition of insulin, epinephrine, glucagon and cyclic AMP within a wide range of concentrations to the incubation medium did not significantly affect the rate of decarboxylation of leucine. These studies indicate a complex interrelationship between the metabolism of leucine and that of fatty acids.
The emergence of world and off-shore universities and other cross-border higher education

This presentation considers the emergence of world universities, which are defined as degree-granting institutions that wholly concentrate on scholarly themes of global relevance and cater to an internationally diverse student body. It also attempts to identify those institutions that are hosted by a country but which are not established for the purpose of sharing the host’s national or cultural character. These institutions include cross-border higher education entities which are characterised as institutions of higher education that have undergone the ‘multinationalisation’ process. This process defines academic programs and/or institutions from one country which are offered in other countries (Altbach 2004: 3). Both types of entities can be traced back to specific instances during periods of colonialism, but the majority of these developed only after the end of World War II. The narrative further considers how current geographic, financial, and competitive factors may have affected their establishment. Related research is described which considers the interplay of globalisation and internationalisation forces upon higher education and which identifies a typology of multinationalisation programs. The over-all analysis raise significant issues to be considered by universities interested in developing global themes and offshore operations.
Absorption and Luminescence Probes

Absorption and luminescence probes are molecules or ions whose spectral properties depend upon the chemical nature of the solubilizing media in the immediate vicinity of the probe molecule. Probe character is generally evidenced by the appearance of new spectral bands, shifts in the absorption or emission wavelengths, or by changes in emission intensities. Probe molecules have been used to determine solvent polarity and solvent acidity/basicity, pH, microviscosity, temperature and/or presence of specific ions/molecules. When combined with fluorescence lifetime measurements, absorption and luminescence probes can provide additional information regarding diffusion coefficients in probe excimer formation, fluidity in lipid vesicles, and rates of intermolecular collisions in quenching experiments.
The solute removal index--a unified basis for comparing disparate therapies

The removal-based SRI can be applied to the CAPD setting, and this new index of dialysis dose is numerically equal to the KT/V for a continuous therapy like CAPD. This is not true for hemodialysis where the SRI is numerically lower than the KT/V. If therapy prescriptions for CAPD, APD, and HD are all adjusted to provide the same removal at the same predialysis BUN, then the values of SRI will be the same in all three modalities despite differences in the frequency and duration of the therapy modalities. This is a major advantage of the SRI over KT/V in that it provides a unified, intuitive basis for comparing disparate therapies. The peak concentration hypothesis is implied in this approach because the therapies have equivalent SRI when there is matching of the peak predialysis BUN of APD and HD with the steady-state BUN of CAPD. However, if KT/V is used as the basis of comparison for different modalities, the weekly KT/V has to be adjusted with a scaling factor that varies with the frequency of dialysis. A different scaling factor will apply for daily APD versus that for thrice-weekly HD. The requirement of a scaling factor and the variability of this factor with therapy frequency complicate therapy comparisons based on KT/V. This complication is avoided with the SRI. Further, as detailed in a prior publication (1), the SRI has several advantages over the KT/V index for hemodialysis therapy, which include the avoidance of clearance corrections for access recirculation, cardiopulmonary recirculation, and compartmental disequilibrium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Head injuries in soccer

Soccer is currently the most popular and fastest growing sport worldwide, with approximately 265 million registered soccer players existing around the world. The popularity of the sport, coupled with the high incidence of 18.8-21.5 head injuries per 1,000 player hours reported, make it essential that clinicians, coaches, and the athletes, have a solid understanding of head injuries. The successful rehabilitation of athletes with head injuries relies upon early and accurate identification strategies and implementation of appropriate return to play measures across all areas in the continuum of care. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Soccer is a frequently played sport, and head injuries are common. Therefore, it is imperative that clinicians, coaches, and the athletes themselves have a solid understanding of head injury prevention, diagnosis, and treatment options. The purpose of this article was to provide rehabilitation nurses with current information regarding frequently occurring head injuries in the widespread sport of soccer.© 2015 Association of Rehabilitation Nurses. Language: en
The Implications of Fe2O3 and TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Removal of Trichloroethylene by Activated Carbon in the Presence and Absence of Humic Acid

The impact of Fe2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on the removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) in a granular activated carbon (GAC)-fixed bed adsorber was investigated in the presence of humic acid (HA). The surface charges of GAC and NPs were obtained in the presence and absence of HA with the NPs behaving similarly. Isotherm and column studies were conducted in the presence and absence of the NPs and HA. NPs had no effect on TCE adsorption during isotherm studies. However, in the column studies conducted with organic-free water, the presence of NPs resulted in a reduction in TCE capacity most likely due to pore blockage by aggregating NPs. This effect was completely mitigated in the presence of HAs that prevented an association between the GAC and the NPs, and between NPs. The presence of HA provided a high negative charge on the GAC and on the nanoparticles resulting in repulsive forces between the GAC and the NPs, and between NPs, thereby preventing pore blockage. Both Fe2O3 and TiO2 NPs demonstrated that charge characteristics are more important than chemical characteristics. Pore-size distribution of the fresh and the spent GAC confirmed the adsorption data but points to some HA and NP interaction with the carbon.
Determination of total fat and saturated fat in foods by packed column gas-liquid chromatography after acid hydrolysis.

Abstract The new definition of total fat in FDA regulations implementing the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 necessitates the quantitation of all lipid fatty acids and the summation of their triglyceride equivalents. A gas-liquid Chromatographic (GLC) method using a packed column has been developed for quantitative measurement of total fat and saturated fat in foods. Fatty acids are released from food matrices by acid hydrolysis, and then extracted, esterified to their methyl esters and determined by GLC. Total fat and saturated fat are calculated in accordance with the new definitions of these components. Fat content determined by the acid hydrolysis-GLC methodology was compared with fat content determined by a direct AOAC gravimetric method for 23 food products containing between about 1 and 75% fat by weight. For all food products studied, the relationship between the results obtained by the two methods was best described by a straight line that had a correlation coefficient of 0.94. Results of repeated extractions and analysis of a milk-based infant formula (SRM 1846) suggest that this material may be useful as a quality control standard.
Immunohistochemical characterization of antioxidant enzymes in human breast cancer

Intrinsic antioxidant enzymes (AE) are essential for protection against potential cellular damage by free radicals (FRs), which affect a variety of biological processes. The levels or activities of AEs can be abnormal in human malignancies in general, and FR production is a possible mechanism of estrogen related carcinogenesis specifically. However, the role of AEs in breast cancer ramains unclear. Immunodetectable AEs were characterized in 95 node negative cancers using rabbit polyclonal antibodies. Results were correlated with established and experimental biomarkers of breast cancer. AEs were greater than benign differentiated epithelium in more than 40% and lower in 10–14% of tumors. Patterns of staining were enzyme and tumor pattern specific. Increased immunodetectable AE was associated with large, poorly differentiated tumors, and younger age. Catalase correlated with nuclear grade and disease related death (pτ; 0.05), and highlighted tumor microvasculature. Additional work in this area may further elucidate the role of AEs in breast cancer growth and progression.
Mechano-chemical pathways to H2O and CO2 splitting

The shock-induced collapse of CO2-filled nanobubbles is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations based on a reactive force field. The energetic nanojet and high-pressure water hammer shock formed during and after collapse of the nanobubble trigger mechano-chemical H2O-CO2 reactions, some of which lead to splitting of water and formation of O2 molecules. The dominant pathways through which splitting of water molecules occur are identified.
The effects of Glycine max and Helianthus annuus on nutrient availability in two soils

The effects of two plant species—soybean (Glycine max), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) on nutrient availability in two soils (an organically farmed soil, OF, and a native grassland soil, GS, both Alfisols)—were measured with anion exchange membranes (Plant Root Simulator, PRS TM probes) in a greenhouse study. Vegetation (especially sunflower) in the OF soil caused significant reductions in soil N and K availability (which was interpreted as due to uptake), and significant increases in P, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn availability. The increases in the latter case were consistent with the results of a previous study showing rhizosphere-enhanced mineralization of native soil organic matter in this soil. Vegetation had no significant effects on Ca, Mg, B, or Al availability in the OF soil and no significant effects on any measured nutrient in the GS soil. Collectively, these results show that the presence of plants can have either a negative or a positive effect on soil nutrient availability, and that plant uptake and soil nutrient availability are interdependent. r 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Short-chain fatty acids modulate gene expression for vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecules

Objective Leukocyte infiltration into the intestinal wall is central to the pathogenesis of tissue injury that occurs in patients with a variety of inflammatory bowel diseases. Migration of leukocytes from the intestinal circulation into bowel tissues is mediated by chemotactic substances and adhesion molecules (i.e., intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1] and E-selectin) on the surface of endothelial cells lining blood vessels. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from dietary fiber decrease inflammatory responses in colon cells. However, the effect of SCFAs on vascular adhesion molecules is unknown. We investigated the effects of SCFAs on vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression. Methods We assessed the effect of physiologically relevant concentrations of butyrate on expression of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA in cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We also assessed the effect of butyrate on levels of HLA-DR, E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and endoglin. In additional experiments, we evaluated the effect of butyrate on ICAM-1 mRNA stability and the effect of valerate, isobutyrate, and propionate on ICAM-1 expression. The effect of butyrate on ICAM-1 expression was compared with that of trichostatin A, a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase. Data were evaluated with Student’s t tests or Tukey’s multiple comparison tests, with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Butyrate concentrations of 2.5 to 5 mM significantly increased endothelial expressions of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA. The effect of butyrate (5 mM) on ICAM-1 expression was time dependent, with significant increases in levels occurring after 16 h of incubation. Butyrate (5 mM) also increased expression of E-selectin but not of HLA-DR, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, or endoglin. Isobutyrate had little effect on ICAM-1 expression, whereas valerate and propionate significantly increased expression of ICAM-1 but were weaker stimulants compared with butyrate. Butyrate (5 mM) did not alter stability of ICAM-1 mRNA. The effect of butyrate (5 mM) was comparable to that of trichostatin A. The stimulatory effect of butyrate on ICAM-1 expression was reversed after 48 h of butyrate withdrawal. Conclusions Butyrate increases vascular endothelial expressions of ICAM-1 and E-selectin. We speculate that butyrate-induced effects on vascular adhesion molecules modulate gut inflammation. The role of SCFAs and fiber in the pathogenesis and modulation of gut inflammation in vivo requires further study.
289 INSULIN INHIBITS THE SYNTHESIS OF THE MAJOR SURFACTANT APOPROTEIN IN HUMAN FETAL LUNG IN VITRO

289 INSULIN INHIBITS THE SYNTHESIS OF THE MAJOR SURFACTANT APOPROTEIN IN HUMAN FETAL LUNG IN VITRO
Human leucine-rich repeat proteins: a genome-wide bioinformatic categorization and functional analysis in innate immunity.

In innate immune sensing, the detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by recognition receptors typically involve leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). We provide a categorization of 375 human LRR-containing proteins, almost half of which lack other identifiable functional domains. We clustered human LRR proteins by first assigning LRRs to LRR classes and then grouping the proteins based on these class assignments, revealing several of the resulting protein groups containing a large number of proteins with certain non-LRR functional domains. In particular, a statistically significant number of LRR proteins in the typical (T) and bacterial + typical (S+T) categories have transmembrane domains, whereas most of the LRR proteins in the cysteine-containing (CC) category contain an F-box domain (which mediates interactions with the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex). Furthermore, by examining the evolutionary profiles of the LRR proteins, we identified a subset of LRR proteins exhibiting strong conservation in fungi and an enrichment for “nucleic acid-binding” function. Expression analysis of LRR genes identifies a subset of pathogen-responsive genes in human primary macrophages infected with pathogenic bacteria. Using functional RNAi, we show that MFHAS1 regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR)–dependent signaling. By using protein interaction network analysis followed by functional RNAi, we identified LRSAM1 as a component of the antibacterial autophagic response.
High-resolution and analytical electron microscopy of HgBa2CuO4+δ a new copper-oxide superconductor

Abstract High-resolution and analytical electron microscopy (HREM and AEM, respectively) techniques have been utilized to probe the submicroscopic details of crystallography, chemistry and electronic structure of HgBa2CuO4+δ, a recently discovered single- layer copper-oxide superconductor. Core loss EELS analysis of O K edge reveals a pre-edge similar to many p-type doped copper oxide superconductors, while a free change carrier plasmon has been identified with low loss EELS. It is discovered that the delocalized hole carrier concentration in a lower-Tc sample (argon annealed), as inferred from oscillator strengths, is about ≈60% of that of a fully oxygenated sample, which has a higher Tc. It is also discovered that there is a strong excitation just above the delocalized hole state (by ≈ 2 eV) in both lower- and higher-Tc samples. These observations are compared with other cuprate superconductors.
Properties of suspended graphene membranes

Graphene, a single layer of graphite, is a unique two-dimensional electron system as well as nature's thinnest elastic membrane. Here we review and describe our work on suspended graphene devices, focusing on their extraordinary mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties. These membranes bridge the traditional divide between “soft” and “hard” condensed matter physics, and have emerged as the ultimate platforms for exploring thin film mechanics, wrinkling instability, thermal transport, and electron scattering and correlations.
Performance of a glass ionomer luting cement over 8 years in a general practice

For this report, 1230 cast restorations luted with a glass ionomer cement were followed up for 8 years. The results show an absence of secondary caries, 99% retention of restorations, and a 4% incidence of irreversible pulpitis. The infrequent thermal sensitivity previously observed after cementation in this group of restorations did not recur.
A novel method for encapsulation of macromolecules in liposomes

Hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase were each encapsulated in phosphatidylcholine liposomes using a dehydration-rehydration cycle for liposome formation. In this method, liposomes prepared by sonication are mixed in aqueous solution with the solute desired to be encapsulated and the mixture is dried under nitrogen in a rotating flask. As the sample is dehydrated, the liposomes fuse to form a multilamellar film that effectively sandwiches the solute molecules. Upon rehydration, large liposomes are produced which have encapsulated a significant fraction of the solute. The optimal mass ratio of lipid to solute is approx. 1:2 to 1:3. This method has potential application in large-scale liposome production, since it depends only on a controlled drying and rehydration process, and does not require extensive use of organic solvents, detergents, or dialysis systems.
EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR (EGF): BINDING CHARACTERISTICS AND GROWTH RESPONSE OF NORMAL AND VIRALLY TRANSFORMED MOUSE FIBROBLASTS

EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR (EGF): BINDING CHARACTERISTICS AND GROWTH RESPONSE OF NORMAL AND VIRALLY TRANSFORMED MOUSE FIBROBLASTS
Simplifying the exoglycosidase digestion/MALDI-MS procedures for sequencing N-linked carbohydrate side chains

Exoglycosidase digestion coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is an effective technique for sequencing the N-linked carbohydrate side chains of a glycoprotein. However, the buffers currently used in the enzymatic procedures are detrimental to MALDI-MS, and thus desalting is required before the digestion products can be analyzed. We demonstrate that a 25 mM ammonium acetate solution adjusted to the proper pH can replace the normal exoglycosidase digestion buffers. The use of these ammonium acetate solutions permits direct MALDI-MS analysis of the digestion mixture without desalting. More importantly, we show that many of the commonly used exoglycosidases retain both their activity and their specificity under these conditions.
Food Policy in Mexico

Food Policy In Mexico: The Search for Self- Sufficiency. James E. Austin and Gustavo Esteva. eds. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987. 400 pp. $49.50 (Cloth) ISBN 0-8014-1962-X; $16.95 (paper) ISBN 0-8014-9453-2