cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiple molecular events determine stochastic cell fate switching in a eukaryotic bistable system

Eukaryotic transcriptional networks are often large and contain several levels of feedback regulation. Many of these networks exhibit bistability, the ability to generate and stably maintain two distinct transcriptional states and to switch between them. In certain instances, switching between cell states is stochastic, occurring in a small subset of cells of an isogenic population in a seemingly homogenous environment. Given the scarcity and unpredictability of switching in these cases, investigating the determining molecular events is challenging. White-opaque switching in the fungal species Candida albicans is a complex bistable eukaryotic system and can serve as an experimentally accessible model system to study characteristics important for bistability and stochastic cell fate switching. In standard lab media, switching is rare, and genetically identical cells maintain their cellular identity (either “white” or “opaque”) through thousands of cell divisions. By isolating populations of white or opaque cells and measuring switching frequencies, previous studies have elucidated the many differences between the two cell states and identified a set of transcriptional regulators needed for cell type switching. Yet little is known about the molecular events that determine the rare, stochastic switching events that occur in single cells. We use microfluidics combined with fluorescent reporters to directly observe rare switching events between the white and opaque states. We investigate the stochastic nature of switching by beginning with white cells and monitoring the activation of Wor1, a master regulator and marker for the opaque state, in single cells and throughout cell pedigrees. Our results indicate that switching requires two stochastic steps; first an event occurs that predisposes a lineage of cells to switch. In the second step, some but not all, of those predisposed cells rapidly express high levels of Wor1 and commit to the opaque state. To further understand the rapid rise in Wor1, we used a synthetic inducible system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae into which a controllable C. albicans Wor1 and a reporter for its transcriptional control region have been introduced. We document that Wor1 positive autoregulation is highly cooperative (Hill coefficient > 3), leading to rapid activation and producing an “all or none” rather than a graded response. Taken together, our results suggest that reaching a threshold level of a master regulator is sufficient to drive cell type switching in single cells and that an earlier molecular event increases the probability of reaching that threshold in certain small lineages of cells. Quantitative molecular analysis of bistability in the white-opaque circuit can serve as a model for the general understanding of complex circuits.
Helical swimming and body reversal behaviors in Lumbriculus variegatus (Annelida: Clitellata: Lumbriculidae)

Two unusual locomotor behaviors (body reversal and helical swimming) are described and related to postembryonic body size in the freshwater oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus (Annelida: Clitellata: Lumbriculidae). Both behaviors occur as responses to tactile stimulation when worms are on smooth substrates that offer little or no traction or protection. Body reversal, evoked by touch to anterior segments, involves a stereotyped sequence of bending movements that effectively reverse head and tail positions in about 0.4 s in newly hatched worms and 0.6 s in juvenile and adult worms. Though little net shift in the body center occurs, reversal may optimize body positioning in preparation for swimming away from predatory threat. In contrast to reversal, swimming is evoked by touch to posterior segments and consists of a rapid, rhythmic sequence of helical body waves (frequency ≈9–11 Hz). Waves alternate between clockwise and counterclockwise helical orientations, with posterior passage of each wave providing forward thrust. Swim velocity and wave velocity increase with body size. Though total distance and duration of each swim episode is short (≈1–2 body lengths in < 2 s), swimming may be an important means of predator avoidance in the littoral environment of these worms.
Educational anthropology as a major approach for educational research: The beginnings and the evolution of educational anthropology, with an overview of its introduction in the Greek educational context

This article is presenting and investigating the input of social and cultural anthropology in educational research. Moreover, the cultural focus is on Greece and Greek educational institutions. Socio-cultural anthropology offers a multiplicity of alternative pathways to the investigation of ‘who we are’ and why we behave the way we do through the study of cultures and institutions different from ours. The anthropology of education investigates a number of problems such as the socialization function of schooling, the transmission of culture from older to younger generation within the educational process, the role of ethnocentrism in the reproduction of inequalities and the possibilities of cultural relativism in schools. At the end of this presentation we review the emerging field of educational anthropology in Greece.
CSMA k-SIC — A class of distributed MAC protocols and their performance evaluation

The CSMA/CA protocol is based on the “Interference as Noise” (IAN) paradigm i.e. it always gets rid of strong interference near a receiver to ensure quality of reception. However, it is well known from Multi-user Information Theory that treating Interference as Noise is not optimal. This paper proposes a class of protocols that employ the Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) technique in a systematic fashion to move beyond always treating interference as noise. Such protocols allow one to pack more links than the classical CSMA. We describe the protocols along with their signaling mechanism to implement them in a distributed fashion. We then perform Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the performance and show significant gains over the IAN based CSMA/CA protocol in large random networks.
Gas-liquid partition chromatography

Abstract The distribution of a solute in a gas-liquid Chromatographic column has been discussed from the probability view point and its analogy to the Bernoulli trial system has been shown. It has been shown that the reproduction of column behavior is possible by reproducing the probability. The criterion for the optimum column temperature has also been discussed. Recommendations have been made for determining the optimum column conditions and its reproduction.
Ab Initio Calculations of Electronic Properties of Vanadium Oxides

In this comprehensive study, we have performed one-electron Kohn–Sham electronic band-structure calculations of VO2, V2O3 and V2O5 in both metallic and insulating phases, implementing a full ab initio simulation package based on Density Functional Theory, Plane Waves and Pseudopotentials (PPs). Electronic band structures are found to be influenced by crystal structure, crystal field splitting and strong hybridization between O2 p and V3 d bands. “Intermediate bands”, with narrow band widths, lying just below the higher conduction bands, are observed in V2O5. Similar calculations are performed for both metallic and insulating phases of bulk VO2 and V2O3. Unlike in the metallic phase, bands corresponding to “valence electrons” considered in the PPs are found to be fully occupied in the insulating phases.
New concept and fabrication of surface micro machined vertical structure

Technique to pop up a plate vertically using the technique for IC manufacturing process is applicable to various devices in both RF and optical MEMS. This paper introduces novel technique using "Turning-structured Bi-material Beams" for fabrication of a vertical structure and explains success in fabrication of a vertical structure by applying the technique.
Epidemiology of risk factors for age-related cataract

Epidemiologic studies on risk factors for cataract have progressed significantly over the last decade. Age-related cataract is a multifactorial disease, and different risk factors seem to play a role for different cataract types. Cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts appear to be most closely related to environmental stresses such as ultraviolet exposure, diabetes, and drug ingestion. Nuclear cataracts appear to be associated with smoking. Alcohol use seems to be associated with all cataract types. Consistent evidence also suggests that the prevalence of all cataract types is lower among those with higher education. Most of the current data support a role for antioxidants associated with decreased rates of all cataract types, but further studies are needed. More data are needed to establish the association, if any, of diarrhea, blood pressure, and use of allopurinol and phenothiazines with senile cataracts.
An Expanded Bandpass List for Atmospheric Emission in Eclipsing Binary Models

Programs for modeling binary star observables compute emergent intensity for given composition as it varies with local effective temperature, local gravity, and direction. With arrival of huge data sets from Gaia and other surveys, the benefits of fast, compact, and accurate computation of atmospheric radiation is likely to remain critical for the foreseeable future. Experience has shown that accurate radiative modeling is important for good parameter estimation. Here we augment the radiative treatment by Van Hamme & Wilson (2003) with a procedure by which individuals can generate the needed Legendre coefficients for arbitrary photometric bands. Resulting files can be inserted directly into the Wilson-Devinney (W-D) program without sacrificing portability or program unity, and should easily be adaptable to other binary star programs. We expect the new bandpass options to become part of the public W-D program. Limb-darkening tables will be placed at http://www.fiu.edu/~vanhamme/limdark.htm .
Numerical Analysis of Single Phase Multi Layered Micro-Channel Heat Sink With Inter-Connects Between Vertical Channels

Micro-channels embedded in solid matrix have already proven to be a very efficient way of electronics cooling. Traditional micro-channel heat sinks consist of single layer of parallel channels. Although micro-channel heat sink can achieve very high heat flux, its pumping requirement for circulating liquid through the channel increases very sharply as the flow velocity increases. The pumping requirement can be reduced by stacking multi layers of micro-channels. By introducing multi layers of channels, the flow velocity through each channel is reduced for the same total mass flow rate of the coolant. A novel approach to take advantage of multi layered channel is proposed in this study where the vertical channels are interconnected to allow cross flow of the coolant. The cross-flow between the channels disrupts boundary layer enhancing heat removal capacity of the heat sink. A CFD model has been developed using commercially available software package FLUENT to evaluate overall thermal performance of multi layered micro-channel heat sink. A parametric study of the flow rates and the effect of the number of layers and interconnections have been performed. Significant reduction in thermal resistance has been observed for multiple layers, it is also observed that this reduction in thermal resistance is dependent on the thermal conductivity of the heat sink material.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Primary closure for midline defects of the nose: A simple approach for reconstruction

We present a modification of the standard linear closure for small to medium-sized defects of the lower nose that avoids many of the limitations of flap or graft reconstruction. The surgical technique detailed yields predictable functional and cosmetic reconstruction with very few complications. The dermatologic surgeon should consider this option when reconstructing defects of the lower nose.
AN UPDATED TIME-OPTIMAL 3RD-ORDER LINEAR SACCADIC EYE PLANT MODEL

A linear third-order model of the ocular motor plant for horizontal saccadic eye movements is presented consisting of a linear ocular motor plant and a time-optimal saccadic controller based on physiological considerations. The ocular motor plant consists of the eyeball and two extraocular muscles. All parameters and initial conditions are estimated or measured from physiological data. The neural inputs are described by pulse-slide-step waveforms with a post inhibitory rebound burst and based on a time-optimal controller. Model parameters are estimated using the system identification technique. The static and dynamic behaviors of the model are in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Infrared Reflectance of Evaporated Metal Films

A high-precision method of measuring the reflectance of evaporated metal films is described and the results for aluminum and silver as a function of wavelength (visible to 13 microns) and angle of incidence (20° to 60°) are reported.The apparatus was constructed as an accessory to the Perkin-Elmer Model 112 infrared spectrometer using an NaCl prism. A well-collimated beam of infrared radiation was reflected from two parallel glass plates of dimensions 3 inches by 10 inches which were coated with the surface to be measured. The intensity of the radiation after being reflected from the parallel mirrors 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 times was recorded by the pen and ink recorder of the spectrograph and the reflectance was determined as a root of the ratios of these readings. The reflectances measured are accurate to 0.2%.
Development of eight-cell mouse embryos in vitro☆

Abstract For the two-cell mouse embryo to develop into a blastocyst in vitro, the culture medium must contain both an energy source and a fixed nitrogen source. However, under the same culture conditions the eight-cell mouse embryo requires only an energy source or a fixed nitrogen source. Compounds such as glucose, bovine serum albumin, pyruvate, glutamate, asparagine, glycine, etc., when incorporated singly into the medium will support the development of the eight-cell embryo into a blastocyst.
Should “Relative Safety” be a Test of Product Liability?

Abstract Case and statutory law often condition liability on the safety of the defendant's product relative to competing products. This article explores the safety and welfare implications of the commonly observed “echnological advancement” and “customary practice” tests of products liability. We find that, in general, the technological advancement test yields excessive safety expenditures, while the customary practice test leads to inadequate safety. In addition, we show that characteristics of the law vary across jurisdictions and in ways that can significantly affect the tests' desirability. Two particularly important characteristics are the degree to which the tests are conclusive and whether or not compliance with government standards is used as an external complement to relative safety evidence. Jurisdictions can mitigate the worst tendencies of relative safety tests by not allowing them to be conclusive and by allowing for reference to government or other external standards.
IL-2 family of cytokines in T regulatory cell development and homeostasis

Introduction Interleukin 2 (IL-2) induces an essential signal for T regulatory (Treg) cells. Without a functional IL-2R, only immature CD4+ Foxp3low CD25neg T cells develop, and these cells fail to suppress autoreactive T cells in the periphery.
Base-modified thymidines capable of terminating DNA synthesis are novel bioactive compounds with activity in cancer cells

Current FDA-approved chemotherapeutic antimetabolites elicit severe side effects that warrant their improvement; therefore, we designed compounds with mechanisms of action focusing on inhibiting DNA replication rather than targeting multiple pathways. We previously discovered that 5-(α-substituted-2-nitrobenzyloxy)methyluridine-5′-triphosphates were exquisite DNA synthesis terminators; therefore, we synthesized a library of 35 thymidine analogs and evaluated their activity using an MTT cell viability assay of MCF7 breast cancer cells chosen for their vulnerability to these nucleoside derivatives. Compound 3a, having an α-tert-butyl-2-nitro-4-(phenyl)alkynylbenzyloxy group, showed an IC50 of 9 ± 1 μM. The compound is more selective for cancer cells than for fibroblast cells compared with 5-fluorouracil. Treatment of MCF7 cells with 3a elicits the DNA damage response as indicated by phosphorylation of γ-H2A. A primer extension assay of the 5′-triphosphate of 3a revealed that 3aTP is more likely to inhibit DNA polymerase than to lead to termination events upon incorporation into the DNA replication fork.
Can Voting Results Be Predicted

The results of the December 1993 elections and the political and social processes associated with them astonished sociologists and public opinion researchers in many respects. Why were forecasts of the voting results so wrong (and, on the whole, this is precisely what they were)? I would divide this question in two. First, under present socioeconomic conditions can voting results be predicted at all? And second, in terms of utilizing the methodology available to sociologists, was everything that could have been done to obtain an accurate forecast actually done? Frankly, one should probably answer "no" to both of these questions. Perhaps the best forecaster would have been the one who said before the elections: "Given present political realities, a methodologically accurate forecast is impossible, and the elections will produce many surprises."
P.L. 99‐252 and the Roles of State and Local Governments in Decreasing Smokeless Tobacco Use

Evaluation of the impact of the Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-252) will help determine the level of progress being made to reduce smokeless tobacco use and will help determine changes or new strategies needed to prevent or reduce smokeless tobacco use. Indicators of progress made toward implicit goals and explicit provisions of P.L. 99-252 are proposed as appropriate for local, state, and federal government health agencies to address. Examples of roles that can be played by health agencies relative to implicit goals of the law are drawn from experiences of public health professionals in Ohio and other states. These roles relate to work with the media, research and evaluation, surveillance activity, support for development of materials and implementation of programs, and funding for community educational programs. Indicators to measure impact of explicit provisions of the law focus on provisions specified in the ' public education section of the law. Proposed indicators involve monitoring the development and availability of programs, materials and media, monitoring research and dissemination of findings, and monitoring technical assistance and grants available. Possible measurement and evaluation strategies are discussed. Survey methodology seems most suitable for monitoring level and type of anti-smokeless tobacco activity in which health agencies engage and for determining awareness of resources available through the law.
Evidence for object file encoding in the posterior Fusiform Gyrus (pFs) and the Intraparietal Sulcus (IPS)

Large change in representation: Introduction: Many theorists have hypothesized that when viewing a multi-object scene, the visual system assigns each object’s bundled features to separate ‘slots’. Such dynamic “binding” to multiple slots is at the heart of the Object Files theory (Kahneman, Treisman, & Gibbs 1992), Visual Short-Term Memory (VSTM) models, FINST theory (Pylyshyn 1989), Recognition-by-Components theory (Biederman 1987) and others. Such a slot-based representation is potentially very powerful because relation information can be explicitly associated with each slot, i.e., ‘this slot contains the top object’s features’, allowing for true understanding of visual structure. In contrast, certain scene manipulations will produce a disproportionately large change in neural representation: A B
Investigation of Microwave-Induced dc Voltages across Unbiased Josephson Tunnel Junctions

We have studied the power dependence of the microwave-induced dc voltages across "unbiased" Pb---Pb oxide---Pb Josephson tunnel junctions and found a systematic dependence. We have also found that the Josephson effect in the form of induced quantum voltages was observable in a large dc magnetic field as high as 0.5 kG, about one-half of the ${H}_{c2}$ of the superconducting Pb film.
A Tribute to Harry Eckstein

In this article, the authors attempt to provide background for this special issue in honor of Harry Eckstein and his work. A brief sketch of Eckstein's personal life is offered, focusing on his for...
Development of the Clinician Assessment of Financial Incapability (CAFI)

The Social Security Administration (SSA) provides financial support to adults disabled by psychiatric conditions to provide for their basic needs. For beneficiaries identified as incapable of managing their funds, representative payee assignment is mandated. However, studies indicate that the current SSA method of determining capability leads to idiosyncratic payee assignment, with a tendency to under-identify beneficiaries needing payees. Over two phases with data from 78 mental health clinicians treating 134 patient-beneficiaries, we describe the development of a new assessment, the Clinician Assessment of Financial Incapability (CAFI). Item generation, subscale construction, and preliminary assessments of validity are described. We also describe the simultaneous development of a criterion measure of capability, a comprehensive review of all data. Experts identified four subscales mapping to four criteria of incapability; factor analysis provided support for this item structure. Close to one-half of patients were determined to be incapable by review of all data. CAFI and SSA methods correctly classified 73% of cases, but errors with CAFI were more evenly distributed between false negatives and false positives. The implications of classification error are considered, and advantages of CAFI over the SSA method are enumerated. Plans for future instrument revision are briefly described.
The autopsy: still important in cardiac surgery.

Background. This study examined the ability of autopsy to confirm or dispute presumptive cause of death among cardiac surgery patients. Methods. Autopsy reports were compared with mortality conference notes that were dictated prospectively before autopsy results were available. Between January 1985 and December 1995, there were 600 hospital deaths among 13,029 adult cardiac surgery patients (4.6% mortality). Of these 600 deaths, 147 (24.5%) had postmortem examination. Results. Annual autopsy rate remained constant over the course of the study. Autopsied patients were younger (60.4 ± 15 versus 66.7 ± 13 years [mean ± standard error of the mean]; p Conclusions. Autopsy reveals or confirms cause of death in nearly three quarters of cardiac surgical deaths and provides information that differs significantly from premortem clinical impression more than 20% of the time. As such, the autopsy remains important to quality assurance in cardiac surgical care.
LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN FRAGMENTS SUPPRESS ET-1 PRODUCTION BY HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. † 1542

LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN FRAGMENTS SUPPRESS ET-1 PRODUCTION BY HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. † 1542
A natural inhibitor of sexual attraction in the water mold Allomyces

Gametes of a predominately male hybrid Allomyces produce a low molecular weight substance which appears to inhibit the response of the male cells to the female chemotactic agent sirenin. A partial purification of this inhibitor, which we call keerosin, involves gel exclusion and silicic acid column chromatography.
Quarks with twisted boundary conditions in the epsilon regime

We study the effects of twisted boundary conditions on the quark fields in the epsilon regime of chiral perturbation theory. We consider the $SU(2{)}_{L}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(2{)}_{R}$ chiral theory with nondegenerate quarks and the $SU(3{)}_{L}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(3{)}_{R}$ chiral theory with massless up and down quarks and massive strange quarks. The partition function and condensate are derived for each theory. Because flavor-neutral Goldstone bosons are unaffected by twisted boundary conditions chiral symmetry is still restored in finite volumes. The dependence of the condensate on the twisting parameters can be used to extract the pion decay constant from simulations in the epsilon regime. The relative contribution to the partition function from sectors of different topological charge is numerically insensitive to twisted boundary conditions.
Influence of soil moisture on the sequestration of organic compounds in soil.

Abstract A study was conducted as a part of continuing investigation of the effect of soil moisture on the sequestration of organic compounds aged in the soil. Here, experiments focused on the effects of moisture changes within the soil before, during, and after contaminant addition. The extractability of aged (68 d) phenanthrene was greater from soil that had been subjected to wetting and drying cycles prior to solute addition as compared to soil initially maintained at constant moisture. The recovery of phenanthrene added to moist soil was increased relative to extractability from soil that was air-dried at the time of the contaminant addition. Repeated wetting and drying of soil after the addition of atrazine or phenanthrene resulted in decreased extractability of the compounds as compared to samples maintained at constant moisture. A method for rapidly sequestering contaminants is proposed and may be useful in limiting the time required for laboratory studies involving “aged” contaminants. These data build upon the findings of earlier work from our laboratory and indicate that changes in the moisture conditions of soil can affect the availability of sequestered contaminants possibly through alterations in the structure of the natural solid.
WHO DESIRES THE RHINOCEROS? PROSAIC POETICAL AND MNEMONIC VISUAL REFRACTIONS OF VIOLENCE IN THE WAKE OF OPERATION BLUE STAR

This paper seeks to bring together artistic and poetic productions as sites of historical memory wherein forgetting and remembering occur so as to forge dominant narratives as well as resistance and alterity through their mutual relation to the modern postcolonial technocratic state. Twenty-five years have passed since the armed altercation between a group of so-called ‘Sikh Separatists’ and the Indian Military within the confines of the Golden Temple, Amritsar, in Panjab. This watershed moment signalled a shift in the typically amicable relations between nationalist Hindus and Sikhs. It also led to a decade-long ordeal of reckless, unmitigated violence and torture of ‘men with beards’ being taken categorically to represent a national threat. I posit that art and poetry serve as a sites where the cathexis of Sikh desires are continually projected upon an imaginal canvas; it is here that the longing for a form of sovereignty in relation to the nation-state may potentially and partially begin to be engaged....
Effect of Varying Levels of Ethoxyquin and Vitamin E on Reproduction in White Leghorn Males Fed Diets High in Linoleic Acid

Abstract IN A previous report, Arscott and Parker (1967) showed that vitamin E restored fertility and sperm concentration in White Leghorn male chickens fed a diet high in linoleic acid but low in vitamin E. Since the above mentioned study as well as an earlier report (Arscott et al., 1965) demonstrated that fertility in the adult male chicken is a sensitive measure of vitamin E deficiency and since the nutrient and antioxidant properties of this vitamin for male fertility are not known, it was the purpose of this study to determine whether: 1) ethoxyquin as well as vitamin E could restore fertility and 2) levels of vitamin E and ethoxyquin, lower than those reported earlier, could maintain fertility in male chickens fed diets high in linoleic acid. EXPERIMENTAL Forty-two dubbed White Leghorn cockerels, hatched on April 14, 1967, were housed in individual wire cages, in a windowless forced-draft ventilated room on…
Designed Post-Self-Assembly Structural and Functional Modifications of a Truncated Tetrahedron

Post-self-assembly modifications of a discrete metal–organic supramolecular structure have been developed. Such modifications allow the properties of the self-assembled supramolecular species to be changed in a simple and efficient manner (>90% yield). Initiated by the application of chemical stimuli, the post-self-assembly modifications described herein result in three distinct changes to the supramolecular system: an individual building-block component change, an overall structural modification, and a functional evolution of a [6+4] metal–organic supramolecular structure. The three modifications have been carefully examined by a range of characterization methods, including NMR and UV–vis spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, pulsed field gradient spin echo NMR measurements, electrochemical analysis, and computational simulations.
An Approach to the History of Golf: Business, Symbolic Capital, and Technologies of the Self:

The connection between golf, businesspeople, and notions of class is common-place in the mass media, but a topic not yet explored in the social sciences. This article seeks to historically and sociologically trace back the association between business and golf by looking at the history of this sport in three nations: Scotland, England, and the United States. I explore the creation of rules of etiquette, the introduction of the handicap, and the socioeconomic composition of golf clubs throughout the nineteenth and early-20th century. In theoretical terms, the article advances Pierre Bourdieu’s notion of symbolic capital and Michel Foucault’s idea of technologies of the self.
Graphical input through machine recognition of sketches

A family of programs has been developed to allow graphical input through continuous digitizing. Drawing data, sampled at a high and constant rate, is compressed and mapped into lines and splines, in two and three dimensions. This is achieved by inferring a particular user's intentions from measures of speed and pressure.Recent experiments have shown that even the most basic inference making cannot rely solely upon knowledge of the user's drawing style, but needs additional knowledge of the subject being drawn, the protocols of its domain, and the stage of development of the user's design. This requirement implies a higher level of machine intelligence than currently exists. An alternate approach is to increase the user's involvement in the recognition process.Contrary to previous efforts to move from sketch to mechanical drawing without human intervention, this paper reports on an interactive system for graphical input in which the user overtly partakes in training the machine and massaging the data at all levels of interpretation. The initial routines for data compression employ parallel functions for extracting such features as bentness, straightness, and endness. These are planned for implementation in microprocessors.Results offer a system for rapid (and enjoyable) graphical input with real-time interpretation, the beginnings of an intelligent tablet.
Gesture's community: Social organization in multimodal conduct

This article analyzes the multimodal integration of gesture, talk, and sociocultural context. More specifically, I investigate how forms of Gemeinschaft/Gesellshaft community are embodied in the concrete details of multimodal form—in the iconic interplay of multimodal practice and symbolic forms of social organization. Using a focus group interview of community policing training, I show how criss-crossing laminations of participation emerge through novel gestural configurations like multimodal quotation and pragmatic beats to not only pace the rhythm of speech but simultaneously plot the spatial coordinates of social organization. In the course of events, we see how speakers integrate gesture, gaze, and postural orientation into the stream of their utterances to project rhythmically infused meanings of communal identity, social solidarity, and cultural opposition. (Multimodality, community, legal discourse)*
Notes on the life history of the pales weevil and northern pine weevil in Central Pennsylvania.

Observations on the life history of the pales weevil, Hylobius pales (Herbst), and the northern pine weevil, Pissodes approximatus Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), showed that both overwintered as adults and larvae. The northern pine weevil also overwintered as pupae. The pales weevil laid eggs from early May through the first week in July, while the northern pine weevil began oviposition in late April and continued into early October. Larvae of the pales weevil fed on lateral roots of Scotch pine stumps to a distance from the stump of 122 cm, while larvae of the northern pine weevil fed from the base of the stump to 30.5 cm. Adult pales weevils began emerging in early August, while overwintering larvae and pupae produced adults the following July. Most adult northern pine weevils emerged during July and August, with the overwintering pupae and larvae emerging as adults in April, May, and June the following year.
A reaction chamber for study of interactions between sediments and water under conditions of static or continuous flow

Abstract A reaction chamber is described that can be used to study the interaction of either sediments or newly flooded soils with an overlying water column. Provision is made for coupling of a continuous flow-through system to the chamber. The variable flow rate allows a retention period of from 17.4 to 347 days for water in the chamber. Examples of the use of the chamber for studies of aging of a flooded soil and the effects of organic loading on reservoir water quality are included. The application of the reaction chamber to several problems in the areas of reservoir site preparation and reservoir and lake restoration is considered. Major advantages of this system are the large volume which minimizes the impact of removal of a large volume sample, the large sediment-water contact area that maximizes the opportunity for sediment-water interchanges, and the ability to use the system in either a static or flow-through configuration.
Flexible nasolaryngoscopy. A low-risk, high-yield procedure

Flexible nasolaryngoscopy can be a valuable tool in the primary care physician's office. It is nearly painless for the patient and can yield valuable information about common patient complaints. The equipment is relatively inexpensive, and its use can be easily learned. The procedure is also well tolerated by patients. With proper patient selection, it can clarify otherwise confusing causes of nasopharyngeal or laryngeal disease.
Isolation and identification of three leucokinins from the mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Abstract Three leucokinins were isolated from the mosquito Aedes aegypti . The amino acid sequences of the Aedes leucokinins 1, 2 and 3 have been determined to be Asn-Ser-Lys-Tyr-Val-Ser-Lys-Gln-Lys-Phe-Tyr-Ser-Trp-Gly-amide, Asn-Pro-Phe-His-Ala-Trp-Gly-amide and Asn-Asn-Pro-Asn-Val-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Trp-Gly-amide respectively.
The Usual Suspect: Negotiating White Student Resistance and Teacher Authority in a Predominantly White Classroom

Both feminist and critical pedagogues have addressed how students can critically analyze social structures and have complicated teacher students interaction, as well as issues of subjectivity and m...
A chance encounter with William Sturgeon

What would the 18th centry pioneers think of today's technology? Read here an exclusive interview with one of the `forgotten men?
The Epipaleolithic (Iberomaurusian) from Grotte des Contrebandiers, Morocco

First identified 100 years ago, the Iberomaurusian is an Epipaleolithic industry that was described from a number of sites across western North Africa. One of these is Grotte des Contrebandiers (Smugglers’ Cave) in Morocco, where Abbe Jean Roche recovered Iberomaurusian materials in excavations in the late 1950s. Although the lithics were published in the early 1960s, subsequent changes in methods and in assessing the interpretive potential of lithic assemblages necessitated a restudy of these collections from Contrebandiers. This study led to a better understanding of the lithic types present and of the use of particular stone raw materials. Iberomaurusians emphasized lithic strategies that maximized use of fine-grained stone to the extent that pieces esquillees should be, among others, a defining criterion for this lithic industry.
Urban Regeneration and Public Housing in New Orleans

Public housing, if located proximate to the central business district or other valued development sites, is often seen as a threat to urban regeneration activities. Growth coalitions may develop st...
Quantitative analysis of the electrocardiographic pattern of hypopotassemia.

Electrocardiographic patterns typical of hypopotassemia and compatible with hypopotassemia were defined on the basis of the number of electrocardiographic signs of hypopotassemia present in 2 leads (generally leads II and V3). In 50 hypopotassemic patients a good correlation was found between the electrocardiographic pattern and plasma potassium concentration. Appearance of the electrocardiographic signs of hypopotassemia was not prevented by disturbance of other plasma electrolytes or by blood pH.
Combining speech recognition software with digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) workstation software on a microsoft windows platform

This presentation describes our experience in combining speech recognition software, clinical review software, and other software products on a single computer. Different processor speeds, random access memory (RAM), and computer costs were evaluated. We found that combining continuous speech recognition software with Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) workstation software on the same platform is feasible and can lead to substantial savings of hardware cost. This combination optimizes use of limited workspace and can improve radiology workflow.
Putting the horse before the cart: preparing your staff for project management software

With the advent of robust project management software in the 1990s, project managers gained the potential to manage projects more efficiently than ever before. Unfortunately, as project management software became increasingly popular and training rushed to focus on the technical skills associated with project management, the understanding of its basic principles was lost. As successful project managers will attest, it is the inextricable relationship between project management software and the essential theoretical framework that makes projects work.Recently, the expectation has been that if an employee masters project management software he/she is qualified to manage projects. What organizations are finding out is that the software, although useful in many ways, cannot make up for a project manager's lack of organization, conflict resolution, and communication skills. The result-projects that are over-budget, over-schedule, and occasionally, over before they even begin!.This presentation is intended for technical and/or training professionals faced with rolling out a comprehensive project management program. A two-fold approach is essential; we will explore what project management software can and cannot do as well as the merits of understanding sound project management theory. At the conclusion of this presentation participants will have a strong understanding of the components necessary to design, implement, or reinvent their own project management training programs.Project management has been described as the ability to create the impossible, with the unwilling, against insurmountable odds, under budget, on time, while singing the Battle Hymn of the Republic and drinking a glass of water. Once you put the horse before the cart, it becomes considerably easier!.
Advanced optical storage techniques for computers.

The growing demand for data storage in computing systems has stimulated the investigation of optical memory techniques because they offer a potential improvement in packing density of about two orders of magnitude over the apparent limits of conventional magnetic storage techniques. Physical properties and optical memory characteristics of magnetooptic thin films of manganese bismuth have been investigated with regard to both bit-oriented and holographic memories. All the required technology for design of a bit-oriented memory appears to be available, but several key components required for a holographic memory still remain to be developed.
Hydrodynamic forces on vertical cylinders and the lighthill correction

Abstract In the keynote address to the 1979 Behaviour of Offshore Structures (BOSS) Conference, Sir James Lighthill pointed out the absence of a second-order term of potential origin from the Morison description of the hydrodynamic force on a vertical cylinder. This term, referred to as the Lighthill correction, is due to the nonlinear interaction between the flow velocity and its horizontal gradient. As noted by Lighthill, if this term is omitted, the estimated drag force in the Morison equation in equal in effect to the actual drag force plus the Lighthill correction. Thus, it would appear that in cases where hydrodynamic damping plays an important role and should therefore be estimated as accurately as possible, corrections of the Lighthill type might have to be added to the Morison expression for the hydrodynamic force. (One such case is the dynamic amplification of wind-induced fluctuating motions of tension leg platforms.) In particular, it might be expected that the estimation of the damping force would be more strongly affected in situations involving low Keulegan-Carpenter numbers, and therefore relatively low damping forces. It is thus of interest to examine the effect of the Lighthill correction quantitatively. In this work, the expression for the Lighthill correction was derived for finite water depths. Measurements obtained in periodic wave flow at the Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory and in random wave flow at the Delft Hydraulics Laboratory were subjected to an extensive analysis. The results of the analysis showed that for both the periodic and random wave conditions the addition of the Lighthill correction (1) did not improve the Morison equation significantly, and (2) had no significant effect on the estimation of the drag force, including the drag force corresponding to very low Keulegan-Carpenter numbers.
Preclinical System for Evaluating Topical Podofilox Treatment of Papillomas: Dose-Response and Duration of Growth Prior to Treatment

The objective of the present study was to assess the utility of Shope rabbit papillomas as an animal model system for studying topical podofilox treatment and to evaluate dose-response relations and influence of duration of papilloma growth prior to treatment. New Zealand White rabbits received inoculations of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) virions of two dilutions at four sites total on the dorsum. Two papillomas on the left side were treated with podofilox (Oclassen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Rafael, CA). The drug was given topically twice each day, 5 d per week, for 21 d. We evaluated the effects of drug dose and the duration of papilloma growth prior to treatment. Results indicated that treatment beginning on day 28 with both 0.5 and 2.5% (w/v) podofilox inhibited papilloma growth, but 5.0% was more effective. In a separate experiment, papillomas were treated at 7, 21, or 60 d after virus inoculation. At 7 d, the untreated lesions were latent (not visible). At 21 d after infection, they were about 2.5 mm in diameter. At 60 d, papillomas were about 25 mm. Treatment with 5.0% podofilox beginning on any of those days strongly inhibited papilloma growth. Neither Southern blots nor PCR detected CRPV DNA in cured sites of previous virus infection. Antibody production to CRPV virion was not affected by drug treatment. 5.0% podofilox irritated normal skin adjacent to papillomas as evidenced by inflammation, induration, and superficial erosion. However, healing was satisfactory and no scarring resulted. We concluded that the Shope papilloma was a good model system for studying podofilox treatment because the lesions responded to drug across a broad range of drug concentrations and papilloma sizes.
Tight-binding calculations of the band structure and total energies of the various polytypes of silicon carbide

We present electronic structure and total energy calculations for $\mathrm{SiC}$ in a variety of polytype structures using the NRL nonorthogonal tight-binding method. We develop one set of parameters optimized for a combination of electronic and energetic properties using a $sp$ basis, and one optimized for electronic properties using a $spd$ basis. We compute the energies of polytypes with up to 62 atoms per unit cell, and find that the hexagonal wurtzite structure is highest in energy, the $4\mathrm{H}$ structure is lowest in energy, and the cubic zinc-blende structure is in between, in agreement with our linear augmented plane-wave and other calculations. For the $sp$ model we find that the electronic structure of the cubic and hexagonal structures are in good agreement with density-functional theory calculations only for the occupied bands. The $spd$ parametrization optimized for the electronic structure of the zinc-blende and wurtzite structures at the equilibrium volume reproduces nearly perfectly both the valence and conduction bands. The $sp$ tight-binding model also yields elastic constants, phonon frequencies, stacking fault energies, and vacancy formation energies for the cubic structure in good agreement with available experimental and theoretical calculations. Using molecular dynamics simulations we compute the finite-temperature thermal expansion coefficient and atomic mean-square displacements in good agreement with available first-principles calculations.
DoppelLab: Tools for exploring and harnessing multimodal sensor network data

We present DoppelLab, an immersive sensor data browser built on a 3-d game engine. DoppelLab unifies independent sensor networks and data sources within the spatial framework of a building. Animated visualizations and sonifications serve as representations of real-time data within the virtual space.
Evaluation of group contributions to ligand binding.

Abstract Definitions are proposed for the independent and joint contributions that the chemical groups A and B make to the free energy of association of the ligand A − B with a receptor. The definitions are independent of the choice of the standard state and are consistent with the basic thermodynamic cycle relating the association of the ligands A − B , A − Y and X − B to the receptor Rappaport 1976. The basic idea is the use of the excess free energy of association of the ligand A − Y over the free energy of association of the reference ligand X − Y as the measure of the “independent” contribution of the group A to the binding. This definition allows the free energy of association of the ligand A − B to be written as the sum of the independent contributions of the groups A and B , their joint contribution, and an invariant free energy of association of the reference ligand with any receptor. With the appropriate definition of the receptor-reference ligand complex, water can be chosen as the reference ligand. Using ΔG ( A −OH)− AG (HOH), ΔG (H− B −H)− ΔG (HOH) and ΔG (HO− C )− ΔG (HOH) as the definitions of the “independent” contributions of the chemical groups A , B and C to the binding of the ligand A − B − C , the joint contribution of the groups A and C to the binding is ΔG ( A − B − C ) − ΔG ( A − B − H ) − ΔG (H- B - C ) + ΔG (H− B −H).
Combined sernyl and sensory deprivation.

Summary When Sernyl was combined with sensory deprivation, considerable damping of psychotomimetic effects was noted. The subjects remained calm, felt more in control, and experienced a state comparable to utter nothingness or emptiness. It is hypothesized that exteroceptive input is required to produce the severe psychotomimetic changes associated with Sernyl.