cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Natural language processing for abstraction of cancer treatment toxicities: accuracy versus human experts.

Objectives Expert abstraction of acute toxicities is critical in oncology research but is labor-intensive and variable. We assessed the accuracy of a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline to extract symptoms from clinical notes compared to physicians. Materials and methods Two independent reviewers identified present and negated National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 symptoms from 100 randomly selected notes for on-treatment visits during radiation therapy with adjudication by a third reviewer. A NLP pipeline based on Apache clinical Text Analysis Knowledge Extraction System was developed and used to extract CTCAE terms. Accuracy was assessed by precision, recall, and F1. Results The NLP pipeline demonstrated high accuracy for common physician-abstracted symptoms, such as radiation dermatitis (F1 0.88), fatigue (0.85), and nausea (0.88). NLP had poor sensitivity for negated symptoms. Conclusion NLP accurately detects a subset of documented present CTCAE symptoms, though is limited for negated symptoms. It may facilitate strategies to more consistently identify toxicities during cancer therapy.
The Nature and Value of Ecosystem Services: An Overview Highlighting Hydrologic Services

Ecosystem services, the benefits that people obtain from ecosystems, are a powerful lens through which to understand human relationships with the environment and to design environmental policy. The explicit inclusion of beneficiaries makes values intrinsic to ecosystem services; whether or not those values are monetized, the ecosystem services framework provides a way to assess trade-offs among alternative scenarios of resource use and land- and seascape change. We provide an overview of the ecosystem functions responsible for producing terrestrial hydrologic services and use this context to lay out a blueprint for a more general ecosystem service assessment. Other ecosystem services are addressed in our discussion of scale and trade-offs. We review valuation and policy tools useful for ecosystem service protection and provide several examples of land management using these tools. Throughout, we highlight avenues for research to advance the ecosystem services framework as an operational basis for policy decisions.
Voices of the Gatekeepers: Examining the Olympic Channel Production Through a Gendered Lens

This study aims to explore the content production at the Olympic Channel through a lens of gender. The eleven interviews with the Olympic Channel professionals suggest that (a) sports media profess...
Parametrically homogenized continuum damage mechanics (PHCDM) models for unidirectional composites with nonuniform microstructural distributions

Abstract This paper develops a parametrically homogenized continuum damage mechanics (PHCDM) model for multiscale analysis of damage and failure in composite structures with nonuniform microstructures. Unidirectional glass fibers are nonuniformly dispersed in the microstructures of these epoxy matrix composites. The PHCDM models are thermodynamically consistent, reduced order constitutive models with coefficients that are explicit functions of microstructural descriptors and evolving material variables. Damage anisotropy is represented through a second order damage tensor that contributes to the evolution of a damage surface in the space of damage work conjugate, which characterizes the initiation and evolution of damage. The nonuniform microstructural morphology descriptors are optimally expressed in terms of representative aggregated microstructural parameters or RAMPs for incorporation in the PHCDM coefficients. Optimal expressions for RAMPs are determined through principal component analysis of the two-point correlation functions. The functional forms of RAMPs in PHCDM coefficients are determined using machine learning tools operating on data generated by micromechanical analysis. It is shown that PHCDM models accounting for the fiber distribution information yield a much higher accuracy than those only accounting for fiber volume fractions. The developed PHCDM model is incorporated in a commercial finite element code and structural analysis of structural composites is executed for understanding concurrent damage and failure at multiple scales. The paper successfully demonstrates the accuracy and significant efficiency of the resulting PHCDM model in analyzing deformation and damage in nonuniform composites across length scales for various loading conditions.
From material properties to multiscale modeling to improve lithium-ion energy storage safety

Energy storage using lithium-ion cells dominates consumer electronics and is rapidly becoming predominant in electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage, but the high energy densities attained lead to the potential for release of this stored chemical energy. This article introduces some of the paths by which this energy might be unintentionally released, relating cell material properties to the physical processes associated with this potential release. The selected paths focus on the anode–electrolyte and cathode–electrolyte interactions that are of typical concern for current and near-future systems. Relevant material processes include bulk phase transformations, bulk diffusion, surface reactions, transport limitations across insulating passivation layers, and the potential for more complex material structures to enhance safety. We also discuss the development, parameterization, and application of predictive models for this energy release and give examples of the application of these models to gain further insight into the development of safer energy storage systems.
Ford engineering and quality improvement programme

One of the basic concepts of Total Quality Management is the customer/supplier chain1. This applies equally to the engineering process in which vehicles are designed and manufactured within an automotive manufacturer like Ford as it does to other industries. Historically the automotive engineering process was a sequential process in which product was designed and the design committed with little meaningful involvement from those who subsequently manufacture it. The design was then “thrown over the wall” to those responsible for establishing the process that would manufacture it with the responsibility of the design engineer effectively ceasing unless problems occurred with the design. It is recognised today that the automotive engineering process is best carried out as a parallel process in which the design of a product and the process which will manufacture it are carried out simultaneously or concurrently2.
USE OF STANDARD TASK BLOCKS TO SIMPLIFY THE SHIP PRODUCTION PROCESS

A system of production planning with a built-in capability to monitor performance at all levels of the shipbuilding process is the focus of this paper. The heart of this system--the standardized task block--incorporates individual and comprehensive workpackages from fabrication through project completion. The logic, procedure, and economy of the method are discussed with particular emphasis on the modular/zone concept of ship construction, which provides the basis for establishing the task block matrices. Role of group technology in standardized production planning AN EFFECTIVE PLACE to begin a discussion of standardized ship production planning is with a definition of the phrase "group technology." This simple concept serves as an important guideline in developing standardized ship production planning methods. Group technology, when applied to the ship production process, is nothing more than the grouping of manufactured parts and products that require similar methods, tooling, and manufacturing processes so that they can be handled more efficiently by the production workforce. The implementation of this concept in a shipyard environment can develop specialization within the production workforce even when working on a product as complex and diverse as a large oceangoing vessel. The obvious gains from increased specialization within the workforce are increased efficiency due to reduced tool setup time and improvement of worker productivity by his/her increased frequency of performance with regard to specific production tasks. These gains can be realized only if the group technology concept is applied correctly and early enough in the ship production planning process so that it is well defined by the time actual production work commences on the shop floor. This statement directly links the proper application of group technology concepts to the production planning process. It is at the planning stage of the shipbuilding process that adequate time and qualified personnel are available to "build into the plan" the necessary instructions, details, and work sequencing via work orders and parts lists that will ensure proper integration of the proposed group technology concepts. Taking this concept one step further should make apparent the necessity to standardize the production planning process. The standardization of the ship production planning process can assure the production workforce of receiving consistently high-quality work orders and parts lists which are uniform in content and format regardless of the particular construction project. The ultimate goal of the ship production planning team is to incorporate into the work orders and parts lists the group technology concepts that have been targeted as having the most immediate impact upon material and labor costs. However, this text focuses on development of an approach to standardizing the ship production
Early organ-specific hemorrhage-induced increases in tissue cytokine content: associated neurohormonal and opioid alterations.

Hemorrhage is associated with an impairment in the immune response and with increased concentrations of circulating inflammatory cytokines. The present study determined the time course and localization of alterations in circulating and tissue pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1-α and -β) in response to fixed-pressure (40 mm Hg) hemorrhage as well as the associated hanges in circulating neurohormonal and opioid mediators. Conscious unrestrained non-heparinized male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) underwent hemorrhage followed by standard resuscitation with lactated Ringer''s solution. Animals were sacrificed at three time points; immediately after the hemorrhage period, at completion of resuscitation and 1.5 h after the resuscitation period. Hemorrhage resulted in marked elevations in circulating levels of TNF-α, which averaged 860 ± 201 pg/ml. The levels were similarly elevated following fluid resuscitation (877 ±196 pg/ml) and had decreased towards baseline 1.5 h after completion of resuscitation (281 ±134 pg/ml). TNF-α was not detectable in plasma of time-matched controls. Hemorrhage elevated TNF-α content in spleen (25%), lung (55%) and heart (20%), and tissue content remained elevated despite resuscitation. No significant changes in tissue content of TNF-α were detected in the liver, kidney or brain. Circulating levels of IL1-α and -β were not detectable in either the time-matched controls or hemorrhaged animals. However, statistically significant elevations in tissue content of IL-1α were observed in heart, spleen, lung, gut and whole brain (15–30%). Tissue content of IL-1β did not change in response to hemorrhage and/or fluid resuscitation. Activation of sympathetic outflow, as evidenced by a 3- to 4-fold elevation in circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, was observed immediately after hemorrhage, and was associated with a 5-fold rise in circulating β-endorphin. These results demonstrate an early increase in tissue cytokine content following hemorrhagic shock, which is associated with elevations in circulating catecholamines and endogenous opioids, consistent with their potential modulatory role in this response.
Ubiquitin‐conjugating Enzymes

Originally published in: Protein Degradation, Volume 1. Edited by R. John Mayer, Aaron Ciechanover and Martin Rechsteiner. Copyright © 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3-527-30837-8 The sections in this article are Introduction Historical Background What is an E2? Functional Diversity of Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzymes Functions Related to Proteasome Proteolysis Endocytosis and Trafficking Non-proteolytic Functions E2s of Uncertain Function E2 Enzymes and Disease E2 Enzymes Dedicated to Ubiquitin-like Proteins (UbLs) The Biochemistry of E2 Enzymes E1 Interaction Interactions with Thiol-linked Ubiquitin E3 Interactions RING E3/E2 Interactions U-box E3/E2 Interactions HECT E3/E2 Interactions E2/Substrate Interactions E2 Catalysis Mechanism Functional Diversification of the E2 Fold Conclusions Keywords: protein degradation; ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes; historical background; E2; ubiquitin-like proteins (UbLs); biochemistry of E2 enzymes; E3 interactions; functional diversification of the E2 fold
Politics and the Poor Man's Plate

Some academic writers and public officials assert that intellectual property rights in plants and animals have impeded agricultural biotechnology in developing nations. This article discusses and refutes this claim. What holds back agricultural biotechnology in developing nations is unscientific, unneeded, and discriminatory regulations. As compared to the regulatory impediment, intellectual property verges on the inconsequential.
Mobile Processes: A Commented Bibliography

We propose a short bibliographic survey of calculi for mobile processes. Contrasting with other similar exercises, we consider two related, but distinct, notions of mobile processes, namely labile processes, which can exhibit dynamic changes in their interaction structure, as modelled in the π-calculus of Milner, Parrow and Walker for example, and motile processes, which can exhibit motion, as modelled in the ambient calculus of Cardelli and Gordon. A common characteristic of the algebraic frameworks presented in this paper is the use of names as first class values and the support for the dynamic generation of new, fresh names.
A moving boundary model for heat transfer in phase change material (for space power applications)

A differential model for the moving boundary problem that can be used to study the performance of phase change materials of various compositions used in spacecraft solar heat engine power systems, during the heat absorption and heat rejection period, is discussed. The governing equations and necessary initial and boundary conditions are transformed into a set of integral equations. Numerical solutions to these equations are obtained using an iterative scheme. Results are presented in terms of solid and liquid phase temperature distributions and interface position as a function of time for different Stefan numbers. >
Decision Support for Managing an Electronic Supply Chain

The growth of the Internet and electronic commerce opens new venues for companies to create flexible supply chains by offering high-speed communication and tight connectivity. To take full advantage of these new opportunities, companies need to be able to respond quickly to opportunities as they arise and make smart decisions taking into account the vast amount of data now available. We describe a decision support system which helps companies in making decisions about purchasing, manufacturing or promotions, while considering supplies and demands posted on the Internet, in addition to their own inventory, capacity and demand. The decision support system is currently being tested within an electronic marketplace we built for paper products, which went online in September 1999.
Concentrations of Free Testosterone, Total Testosterone, and Androgen Binding Protein in the Peripheral Serum of Male Rats During Sexual Maturation

To investigate the relationship between free testosterone and sexual maturation in the male rat, animals were decapitated every 5 days from 25 through 75 days of life. Serum was assayed for androgen binding protein and total testosterone by radioimmunoassay. Free testosterone concentrations were calculated from the total testosterone concentration and the free testosterone fraction. The free testosterone fraction was determined by ultrafiltration. The pubertal increase in relative prostate and relative seminal vesicle weights began between 45 and 50 days and 40 and 45 days, respectively. Although the over-all trend in the free testosterone fraction was to increase with increasing age (r = 0.46, P less than 0.0001), there was a significant secondary peak at 50 days. The serum concentration of androgen binding protein was highest on day 25, fell rapidly until day 40, and declined slowly thereafter. Despite these variations in both androgen binding protein and the free testosterone fraction during sexual maturation, the calculated serum concentration of free testosterone was remarkably similar in pattern to that of total testosterone (r = 0.99, P less than 0.0001). These data indicate that the serum concentration of total testosterone is an accurate reflection of the serum concentration of free testosterone during the sexual maturation of the male rat.
Wavelet Methods in Data Mining

Recently there has been significant development in the use of wavelet methods in various Data Mining processes. This article presents general overview of their applications in Data Mining. It first presents a high-level data-mining framework in which the overall process is divided into smaller components. It reviews applications of wavelets for each component. It discusses the impact of wavelets on Data Mining research and outlines potential future research directions and applications.
Electrosorption-Based Modification of Porous Graphitic Carbon: Use of Electrochemically Modulated Liquid Chromatography To Create a Chiral Stationary Phase for Enantiomeric Separations

A novel approach for the modification of the separation capabilities of electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography is described. The basis of the approach derives from the electrosorption of an organic additive from the mobile phase onto a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) stationary phase, resulting in a new dimension in the ability to alter reversibly the chemical composition at the surface of the stationary phase. The viability of the approach is demonstrated by the enantiomeric separation of racemic mixtures of the pharmaceutical agents hexobarbital and mephenytoin. These separations are achieved by the electrosorption of the organic additive β-cyclodextrin to form a PGC surface that is coated with a chiral selector. Results indicate that changes in applied potential can not only manipulate the effectiveness of these separations but can also reverse the enantiomeric elution order. A general mechanism for these separations is proposed and the potential applicability of the strategy to other types of...
Demand for college graduates and attributes health care organizations seek in accounting recruits

US health care services will be among the top ten occupations with the fastest growth over the next decade with total employment in health care services expected to increase by 19 million by the year 2006. As the market continues to expand, demand for graduates is likely to shift from the traditional areas of employment, to more industry‐related jobs. Recruiters will focus their attention on hiring graduates as accountability, cost containment, profitability, and reporting of health care services become increasingly critical for health care providers competing for the national health care dollars. A study was conducted to determine what knowledge, skills, and attributes (KSAs) are most important for an accounting career in health care organizations. The investigation resulted in identification of 25 most important KSAs. Further analysis revealed that the KSAs identified herein are somewhat at odds with those found by other researchers for employment in other segments, e.g. public accounting.
FLAVOR VIOLATION FROM Z PENGUINS IN THE LEFT–RIGHT SUPERSYMMETRIC MODEL

We analyze the effects of flavor-changing ZL penguin diagrams on rare kaon decays in a left–right supersymmetric model (LRSUSY). Using the mass-insertion approximation and including up to second-order effects, we show that the constraints obtained on up-sector flavor violating parameters can be stronger than previous bounds. These effects present a sensitive test of an extended gauge sector in supersymmetry and can be used to distinguish LRSUSY from other supersymmetric models.
Planar dechanneling studies of strained-layer superlattice structures

Abstract We have investigated the influence of strain on the planar dechanneling of energetic particles in strained-layer superlattices (SLS). MOCVD-grown GaAsxP1−x/GaP samples of (100) orientation and periodicity of 19 and 29 nm per layer were analyzed by MeV4He channeling. Dechanneling measurements at a 45° tilt from the [100] along {110} directions which are inclined to the surface normal reveal a much higher dechanneling than along {110} directions which contain the surface normal, consistent with the tetragonal distortions present due to the strain. A theoretical phase plane analysis of the planar dechanneling is dechanneling is developed and it is shown that the amount of dechanneling depends not only on the strain-induced angular shift at each interface, but also on the ratio of the layer period to the channeled particle wavelength. This ratio has been adjusted by nearly a factor or 2 by varying the beam energy from 0. 6 to 2.0 MeV. Both experiment and theory demonstrate that when the wavelength matches the layer thickness, there is a strong enhancement in the planar dechanneling due to the focusing of the particles into the planes.
Wavelet analysis of ground vehicle acoustic signatures

In this paper we consider wavelet analyses of acoustic signatures of ground vehicles. We select two test cases, a squeak emanating from a tank track and the clatter of a tank running on pavement. We examine various cost functions that can be utilized in determining which set of wavelet basis functions give the most accurate representation of a given signal. We compare different orthogonal and biorthogonal wavelet transforms with each other and with the local cosine transform. We found that the local cosine transform performed better for the squeak than the particular wavelet packet transforms that we used, while they both gave approximately equivalent results for the clatter signal.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Criterion to choose step length for some numerical methods used in hydrology

Abstract An analytical treatment is given for the step error of some numerical methods frequently used in hydrology. Such a treatment is then utilized to formulate a criterion to choose the step length a priori that will guarantee convergence, stability and minimum error production for the numerical method.
Biliverdin Reduction by Cyanobacterial Phycocyanobilin:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase (PcyA) Proceeds via Linear Tetrapyrrole Radical Intermediates

Cyanobacterial phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PcyA) catalyzes the four electron reduction of biliverdin IXα (BV) to phycocyanobilin, a key step in the biosynthesis of the linear tetrapyrrole (bilin) prosthetic groups of cyanobacterial phytochromes and the light-harvesting phycobiliproteins. Using an anaerobic assay protocol, optically detected bilin-protein intermediates, produced during the PcyA catalytic cycle, were shown to correlate well with the appearance and decay of an isotropic g ≈ 2 EPR signal measured at low temperature. Absorption spectral simulations of biliverdin XIIIα reduction support a mechanism involving direct electron transfers from ferredoxin to protonated bilin:PcyA complexes.
A comparison of direct blood pressure feedback and electromyographic feedback on the blood pressure of normotensives

Groups of 20 normotensive subjects were assigned to one of three conditions to help them lower their blood pressure: (1) intermittent visual feedback of blood pressure; (2) continuous analogue auditory feedback of frontal EMG; (3) an instructed, no-feedback condition. Both groups receiving feedback showed greater within-session lowering of systolic blood pressure than the no-feedback control group. Although the group receiving intermittent visual feedback of blood pressure lowered blood pressure more than the EMG feedback group at the first session, in three subsequent sessions, the two feedback groups did not differ.
Generation 1.5 written error patterns: A comparative study

Abstract In an attempt to contribute to existing research on Generation 1.5 students, the current study uses quantitative and qualitative methods to compare error patterns in a corpus of Generation 1.5, L1, and L2 community college student writing. This error analysis provides one important way to determine if error patterns in Generation 1.5 student writing are distinct from L1 and L2 student writing, thereby supporting or refuting claims made in prior research about writing error frequency and type (e.g., Ferris, 2009 , Frodesen, 2009 , Frodesen and Starna, 1999 , Reid, 1997 ), as well as addressing the role of errors as a defining criterion of Generation 1.5 writing in post-secondary contexts. Results reported in this study reveal significantly more errors were made by Generation 1.5 writers versus L1 writers within the error types of verb errors, prepositional phrase errors, word form errors, and total identified errors. A qualitative analysis also identified specific patterns of difference between Generation 1.5, L1, and L2 verb error production. Differences found in both the quantitative and the qualitative analyses suggest that the category of Generation 1.5 writing may indeed be characterized in part by an increased likelihood of difficulty in controlling the accuracy of various language forms. Findings are discussed in relation to claims made in prior research about Generation 1.5 writing error frequency and type, as well as the role of errors as a defining characteristic of Generation 1.5 writing in post-secondary contexts.
The evolution of protein sequences by repetitious gene duplication: Clostridial flavodoxin

Internal regularities of amino acid sequences of flavodoxins, FMN-containing, low molecular weight flavoproteins, were statistically examined using the minimum mutation method. The sequence ofClostridium pasteurianum flavodoxin shows statistically significant evidence of repetitious internal gene duplications at different levels of structure. Peptide pairs with a low chance probability of occurrence were frequently observed at a shift of 5 residues. The pairs with the lowest chance probabilites are a pair of heptapeptides at positions 39–45 vs. 44–50, a 5 residue shift (p = 9 × 10−6). Most of the related pairs are consistent and could best be explained by the repeating pentapeptide sequence: (Lys-Gly-Ala-Asp-Val-)n and appropriate gaps. Internal repetitions with longer shifts were also suggested for other flavodoxins. Repetitious gene duplication is proposed for the early stages of flavodoxin evolution.
Computation of rotating turbulent flow with an algebraic Reynolds stress model

La rotation a un effet important sur la structure des ecoulements turbulents. Les modeles de turbulence bases sur une viscosite tourbillonnaire isotrope ne permettent pas de prevoir de tels ecoulements. On propose un modele de contrainte de Reynolds algebrique pour modifier la relation de viscosite tourbillonnaire de Kolmogorov-Prandtl de maniere a produire un modele de turbulence anisotrope
Radiosensitizing and cytotoxic properties of ortho-substituted 4- and 5-nitroimidazoles: Role of NPSH reactivity☆

Abstract Chinese hamster (V79) cells were used to investigate the radiosensitizing efficiency and chemical reactivity with non-protein sulfhydryl (NPSH) compounds such as glutathione, for a series of a-substituted 4 and 5 nitroimidazoles. When added to cells 5 minutes prior to irradiation, MJL-1–191-VII (1-methyl-5-sulfonamide-4-nitroimidazole) sensitizes hypoxic cells commensurate with its electron affinity, while not affecting the radiosensitivity of aerated cells. If the drug is incubated with the cells for a period of time at 37°C prior to irradiation, both aerated and hypoxic cells show an increase in radiosensitivity. Under these conditions the radiosensitizing effectiveness towards hypoxic cells appears to be particularly anomalous, inasmuch as enhancement ratios similar to misonidazole can be obtained at concentrations 50 to 100 times lower. The isomer SK-21981 (1-methyl-4-sulfonamide-5-nitroimidazole) does not behave in this anomalous way, but sensitizes to an extent predictable from its electron affinity. These compounds differ in the rate at which they react spontaneously and intracellularly with NPSH compounds such as glutathione. It is suggested that MJL sensitizes by two mechanisms; the first a function of its electron affinity and the second a function of its rapid reaction with endogenous radioprotective and chemotherapeutic compounds in the cell.
Evaluation of an Interstitial Cooling Device for Carotid Arterial Cooling Using a Tissue Equivalent Gel Phantom

In this study, we build and test a prototype of an interstitial cooling device in a tissue-equivalent gel phantom mimicking the human neck. The effectiveness of the device is measured by the capability of delivering a coolant temperature of lower than 5°C at the entrance of the device and the measured temperature decay along a glass tube filled with water circulating at a speed similar to that in the carotid artery. The experimental study has identified a cooling prototype design, which is capable of inducing sufficient temperature reduction along the common carotid artery. It also tests how easy to handle the device to ensure a close physical contact between the device and the glass tube. A 5°C coolant temperature can be delivered at the device entrance when using above 0°C coolant in the reservoir. The surface temperature of the device is found almost uniform. Despite its limitations, the experimental results agree generally with previous theoretical predictions. The 8 cm long and 3 cm wide device with a coolant temperature lower than 10°C is capable of inducing a temperature reduction of at least 2.5°C along the glass tube filled with water circulating at 240 ml/min. For higher water flow rates, one needs to increase the length of the device and/or lower the coolant temperature to achieve similar temperature decays along the glass tube.
Identification of lipohemarthrosis with point-of-care emergency ultrasonography: case report and brief literature review.

Abstract Background Traumatic knee pain is a common complaint in the emergency department (ED). Conventional radiographs are often ordered as the initial screening study, but might not be readily available or always identify significant fractures. Ultrasonography has been shown to be useful in the evaluation of knee fractures not identified by radiography. Objectives To discuss and briefly review the literature regarding the use of suprapatellar bursal ultrasonography to detect lipohemarthrosis (LH) as a surrogate marker for an intraarticular knee fracture. Case Report A 37-year-old man presented to the ED after a traumatic knee injury. Bedside ultrasonography demonstrated the characteristic triple layer sign of LH, raising the suspicion for an intraarticular fracture. The diagnosis was later confirmed with radiography and computed tomography (CT). Conclusions The sonographic finding of LH may be used as a sensitive surrogate marker for intraarticular knee fracture in the ED. Ultrasound can be considered as an adjunct modality in ED patients with suspicion for fracture and negative knee radiographs.
Contribution of Saccadic Motion to Intravitreal Drug Transport: Theoretical Analysis

Purpose The vitreous humor liquefies with age and readily sloshes during eye motion. The objective was to develop a computational model to determine the effect of sloshing on intravitreal drug transport for transscleral and intra-vitreal drug sources at various locations
α-Synemin localizes to the M-band of the sarcomere through interaction with the M10 region of titin

α-Synemin contains a unique 312 amino acid insert near the end of its C-terminal tail. Therefore we set out to determine if the insert is a site of protein–protein interaction that regulates the sub-cellular localization of this large isoform of synemin. Yeast-two hybrid analysis indicated that this region is a binding site for the M10 region of titin. This was confirmed with GST pull-down assays. Co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins indicated close association of the two proteins in vivo and immunostaining of cardiomyocytes demonstrated co-localization of the proteins at the M-band of the sarcomere.
Artificial dielectrics: Linear and nonlinear optical properties of germanium-implanted coherent arrays of submicrometer silica spheres

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of germanium-implanted ordered arrays of silica spheres have been studied at λ=0.532 µm. These periodic structures exhibited a large nonlinear refraction effect that was attributed to transversely confined optical fields.
Finitely generated intermediate rings

Abstract If S is an affine extension of R , intermediate rings need not in general be affine over R . In the case where each intermediate ring is affine over R , S is said to be strongly affine over R . This hypothesis implies that tr.deg. S / R ≤ 1, and in the case where tr.deg. S / R = 1, R is Noetherian so that ( R , S ) is a Noetherian pair. If R is a Noetherian universally Japanese ring, then S is strongly affine over R for each affine extension S of R such that ( R , S ) is a Noetherian pair. We consider the strongly affine property for Prufer domains and show, for example, that an affine overring of a Prufer domain D with Noetherian spectrum is strongly affine over D if and only if there are only a finite number of intermediate rings.
Issue Publics and Voter Choice

Political scientists have assumed that dividing the electorate into issue publics, on the basis of salient issues, leads to a better understanding of the relationships between issues and both candidate evaluations and electoral choice. This portrait accords nicely with the description offered by pluralists of the operation of the electoral arena. Our data suggest that, at least in 1972, the portrait is flawed. Using a variety of multivariate tech niques we show that salience fails to sharpen the impact of issues and that electoral choice was, fundamentally, a question of candidate images.
Review of Systems Biology Simulation Tools for Translational Research

Systems biology models and simulation tools are critical components for bridging molecular biology with predictive medicine. We report a systematic comparison of popular simulation tools, including CellDesigner, COPASI and VirtualCell, to facilitate translational research in genomics, proteomics and systems biology. Different tools evaluating the same model may produce dissimilar results. This inconsistency is a roadblock to developing patient-customized disease progression models which reduce uncertainty in clinical decisions. We implement existing molecular-level SBML and CellML and compare simulation results with published data. Preliminary results suggest some tools perform better in terms of numerical stability to determine true model behavior. Furthermore, we uncover several worrying issues: (1) disparities between tools in terms of solver algorithms and language format, (2) lack of interactivity between users and tools, (3) lack of standardization for systems biology modeling languages and (4) need for models addressing specific pressing clinical objectives such as cancer disease progression.
Effect of lung fluid composition on type II cellular activity after tracheal occlusion in the fetal lamb.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Fetal tracheal occlusion (TO) causes accelerated lung growth. However, prolonged TO is associated with a decline in the type II cell number. Type II cell function after TO is unclear. Herein, the authors examine type II cell function after TO and the role of tracheal fluid. Methods: Fetal lambs (term, 145 days) underwent TO at 122 days. Tracheal pressure was recorded daily. In one group of animals (TF; n=6), lung fluid was aspirated, measured, and reinfused daily. In their respective twins, NS group, lung fluid was replaced milliliter per milliliter with normal saline (NS; n=6). At death near term, lung weight was obtained, and tissues were processed for stereologic volumetry. Type II cells were quantitated using antisurfactant protein B immunohistochemistry. Surfactant protein B-mRNA expression was studied by Northern analysis. Wilcoxon signed rank test and single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for statistical analysis ( P Results: In both experimental groups, intratracheal pressure rose from 1.9 ± 1.0 torr to 3.7 to 4.8 torr by day 1, and remained constant thereafter. Lung fluid volume increased from 11.9 ± 4.2 on day 0 to 36.8 ± 8.0 mL/kg in TF, and to 28.4 ± 9.3 mL/kg in NS by day 1 ( P P 6 /mL (TF) and 45.0 ± 25.9 × 10 6 /mL (NS), versus 82.3 ± 13.6 × 10 6 /mL in controls. Ultrastructurally, remaining type II cells in TF were enlarged and engorged with lamellar bodies; in NS, they were smaller and contained fewer lamellar bodies. Surfactant protein B mRNA expression was significantly decreased in NS, but not in TF, compared with controls. Conclusions: Type II cell function as well as overall lung growth are stimulated by TO. Lung growth after TO is therefore not unavoidably detrimental to type II cells. After isobaric saline exchange of lung fluid, type II cell function is severely inhibited, confirming the role of tracheal fluid composition in type II stimulating type II cell function. J Pediatr Surg 36:196-201. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.
Presto—A System Environment for Mission-CriticalMultimedia Applications

Summarized in this report is a multiphased R and D program, presto, conducted for developing a multimedia system environment to support a variety of mission-critical applications. The concepts, software design, and system prototype developed during the first phase of the program are presented. In particular, the work on real-time scheduling, multimedia storage and retrieval, and application programming model is described. The major results of the presto Phase I program are a set of new techniques and system software for QoS- and criticality-based, adaptive multiresource management, raw-I/O-based continuous multimedia file management, and data flow-oriented programming with integrated real-time scheduling support.
Theoretical Perspectives for Strategic Human Resource Management

Critics have argued that the field of human resource management (HRM) lacks a coherent theoreticalframework. This article attempts to further the theoretical development of SHRM through discussing six theoretical models (behavioral perspective, cybernetic models, agencyltransaction cost theory, resource-based view of the firm, power/resource dependence models, and institutional theory) that are usefulfor understanding both strategic and non-strategic determinants of HR practices. Finally, the implications of a stronger theoretical approach to SHRM research and practice are discussed.
Restoration of the Activated Rig-I Pathway in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Replicon Cells by HCV Protease, Polymerase, and NS5A Inhibitors In Vitro at Clinically Relevant Concentrations

Development of persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may be mediated by HCV NS3 · 4A protease-dependent inhibition of host innate immunity. When double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is detected in virus-infected cells, host innate immunity mounts an antiviral response by upregulating production of type I interferons (α/β interferon [IFN-α/β]); HCV counters by cleaving the IFN-β stimulator 1 (IPS-1) adaptor protein, decreasing synthesis of IFN-α/β. We evaluated HCV protease (telaprevir, boceprevir, and TMC435350), polymerase (HCV-796 and VX-222), and NS5A (BMS-790052) inhibitors for the ability to restore IPS-1-mediated Rig-I signaling by measuring Sendai virus-induced IFN-β promoter activation in HCV replicon cells after various exposure durations. All direct-acting HCV antivirals tested restored mitochondrial localization of IPS-1 and rescued Sendai virus-induced IRF3 signaling after 7 days by inhibiting HCV replication, thereby reducing the abundance of HCV NS3 · 4A protease. With 4-day treatment, HCV protease inhibitors, but not polymerase inhibitors, restored mitochondrial localization of IPS-1 and rescued IFN-β promoter activation in the presence of equivalent levels of NS3 protein in protease or polymerase inhibitor-treated cells. The concentrations of HCV protease and polymerase inhibitors needed to rescue IRF3-mediated signaling in vitro were in the range of those observed in vivo in the plasma of treated HCV patients. These findings suggest that (i) HCV protease, polymerase, and NS5A inhibitors can restore virus-induced IRF3 signaling by inhibiting viral replication, thereby reducing NS3 protease levels, and (ii) HCV protease inhibitors can restore innate immunity by directly inhibiting NS3 protease-mediated cleavage of IPS-1 at clinically achievable concentrations.
A Bayesian Framework for Predicting Cutomer Need Distributions

Predicting future customer needs is critical when selecting a concept for a new product. Customer need prediction is challenging because customer needs may change as external factors that influence needs change over time. This paper proposes a Bayesian framework to predict future distribution of customer needs by incorporating forecasts of external factors and their corresponding accuracies. The framework is demonstrated by an illustrative example in which designers predict future distribution of a customer need (“Fuel Efficient”) based on forecast of an external factor (gasoline price index) and the accuracy of the forecast. The benefit of incorporating forecasts of the external factor on concept selection and a sensitivity analysis of concept selection on the accuracy of the forecast are demonstrated in the illustrative example.Copyright © 2010 by ASME and General Motors Company
RELIGIOUS ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS AMONG JAPANESE AMERICANS : KING COUNTY, WASHINGTON AND SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

The beliefs and attitudes on religion and religiosity within the Japanese American population in the continental United States is a relatively unexplored topic, A 1998–2000 study of randomly sampled, face-to-face interviews with 344 Japanese Americans was conducted in King County, Washington, and Santa Clara, California. The study included six questions relevant to religious attitudes and beliefs with analysis offered concerning the differences and similarities with data obtained from fifty-years of study in Japan and Japanese American religiosity. Such differences included having a personal faith and the degree to which Christianity is a notable part of Japanese American life. Conversely, the persistence of Buddhism among Japanese Americans was another striking finding. Japanese Americans exhibit today, across the age ranges, through the generations and between genders, a high rate of personal religious belief, attendance at Christian and Buddhist churches and temples and a high level of agreement concerning the importance of religious attitudes.
Iron Acquisition by Legionella pneumophila

For nearly 20 years, it was believed that Legionellapneumophila does not produce siderophores. Yet, we have now determined that L. pneumophila secretes a siderophore (legiobactin) that is detectable by the CAS assay. We have optimized conditions for legiobactin expression, shown its biological activity, and found genes (lbtAB) involved in its production and secretion. LbtA is homologous with siderophore synthetases from E. coli (aerobactin), Sinorhizobium (rhizobactin), and Bordetella (alcaligin), while LbtB is a member of the major facilitator superfamily of multidrug efflux pumps. Mutants lacking lbtAB produce 40’70% less CAS reactivity. The lbtA mutant is also defective for growth in deferrated media containing citrate, indicating that legiobactin is required in conditions of severe iron limitation. lbtAB mutants grow normally in macrophages and amoebae host cells as well as within the lungs of mice. L. pneumophila does express lbtA in macrophages, suggesting that legiobactin has a dispensable role in infection. Legiobactin is iron repressed and does not react in the Csaky and Arnow assays. Anion-exchange HPLC has been used to purify legiobactin, and thus far, structural analysis suggests that the molecule is similar but not identical to rhizobactin, rhizoferrin, and alcaligin. The residual CAS reactivity present in supernatants of the lbtAB mutants suggests that L. pneumophila might produce a second siderophore. Besides siderophores, we have determined that ferrous iron transport, encoded by feoB, is critical for L. pneumophila growth in low-iron conditions, in host cells, and in the mammalian lung. Some of our other studies have discovered a critical, yet undefined, role for the L. pneumophila cytochrome c maturation locus in low-iron growth, intracellular infection, and virulence.
Legal Disputes Resolved via Game Theoretic Methods

Mathematical foundations of conflict resolutions are deeply rooted in the theory of cooperative and non-cooperative games. While many elementary models of conflicts are formalized, one often raises the question whether game theory and its mathematically developed tools are applicable to actual legal disputes in practice. We choose an example from union management conflict on hourly wage dispute and how zero sum two person game theory can be used by a judge to bring about the need for realistic compromises between the two parties. We choose another example from the 2000-year old Babylonian Talmud to describe how a certain debt problem was resolved. While they may be unaware of cooperative game theory, their solution methods are fully consistent with the solution concept called the nucleolus of a TU game.
Duodenal acidification inhibits sphincter of Oddi motility in the prairie dog.

Recent studies have explored the influence of various hormones, peptides, and neural innervation on the sphincter of Oddi (SO). However, only older and conflicting data are available on the effect of intraduodenal (ID) perfusion of acid on SO activity. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that acidification of the proximal small bowel would alter SO motility. In acute terminal experiments, 19 adult male prairie dogs underwent cannulation of the gallbladder (GB) with a pressure-monitored perfusion catheter. The common bile duct was cannulated proximally with a drainage catheter and distally with a triple-lumen, side-hole, closed-tip catheter with one port positioned in the SO. The duodenum was cannulated distal to the SO to allow perfusion of the proximal 30 cm of intestine with saline. SO phasic wave frequency (F), amplitude (A), and baseline pressure as well as GB pressure were measured for 40 min prior to and during ID perfusion of saline at pH 8.8, pH 6.0, or pH 2.0. A SO motility index (MI = F × A) was calculated for each 10-min period of the experiment. Infusion of saline at pH 8.8 had no effect on SO function. ID perfusion of saline at pH 6.0 reduced SO MI to 39% (P < 0.05) and 34% (P < 0.05) of control values at 20–30 and 30–40 min, respectively. ID saline at pH 2.0 reduced the SO MI to 51% (P < 0.01) and 53% of control values during the same periods. SO phasic wave frequency was similarly reduced by ID perfusion with saline at pH 6.0 (P < 0.05) and pH 2.0 (P < 0.025). SO phasic wave amplitude, baseline pressure, and GB pressure were unaffected by ID perfusion. These findings indicate that in the prairie dog duodenal acidification inhibits SO activity without affecting GB pressure. This response differs from that observed with exogenous cholecystokinin or motilin infusion but is similar to that observed with intravenous peptide YY in this species.