cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“I think about you, X—”: Re-Reading Junot Díaz after “The Silence”

This essay offers an examination of Junot Diaz’s “The Silence”—a nonfiction account of his experience of child sexual abuse and the lingering effects of that trauma—to show how Diaz’s fiction replicates gendered violence even as it claims to write against it. I reveal how his language stages women’s bodies not only as a source of pleasure but as receptacles of pain through which men find their own salvation at a woman’s expense. This essay also highlights the crisis in the Latinx canon that the allegations of sexual misconduct against Diaz revealed and argues that, as the archetype of contemporary Latinx literature, Diaz’s antagonistic position invites us to reconsider how we construct, read, and teach the Latinx canon. His “fall” further reveals the legacies of racial and gendered violence that manifest obsequiously even in “decolonial” literature.
Association of Cannabis Use With Self-harm and Mortality Risk Among Youths With Mood Disorders.

Importance Cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) are common among youths and young adults with mood disorders, but the association of CUD with self-harm, suicide, and overall mortality risk is poorly understood in this already vulnerable population. Objective To examine associations of CUD with self-harm, suicide, and overall mortality risk in youths with mood disorders. Design, Setting, and Participants A population-based retrospective cohort study was performed using Ohio Medicaid claims data linked with death certificate data. The analysis included 204 780 youths (aged 10-24 years) with a diagnosis of mood disorders between July 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017, who were followed up to 365 days from the index diagnostic claim until the end of enrollment, the self-harm event, or death. Statistical analysis was performed from April 4 to July 17, 2020. Exposure Physician-diagnosed CUD defined using outpatient and inpatient claims from 180 days prior to the index mood disorder diagnostic claim through the 365-day follow-up period. Main Outcomes and Measures Nonfatal self-harm, all-cause mortality, and deaths by suicide, unintentional overdose, motor vehicle crashes, and homicide. Marginal structural models using inverse probability weights examined associations between CUD and outcomes. Results This study included 204 780 youths (133 081 female participants [65.0%]; mean [SD] age at the time of mood disorder diagnosis, 17.2 [4.10] years). Cannabis use disorder was documented for 10.3% of youths with mood disorders (n = 21 040) and was significantly associated with older age (14-18 years vs 10-13 years: adjusted risk ratio [ARR], 9.35; 95% CI, 8.57-10.19; and 19-24 years vs 10-13 years: ARR, 11.22; 95% CI, 10.27-12.26), male sex (ARR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.74-1.84), Black race (ARR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.35-1.44), bipolar or other mood disorders (bipolar disorders: ARR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.21-1.29; other mood disorders: ARR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.15-1.25), prior history of self-harm (ARR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.52-1.82), previous mental health outpatient visits (ARR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.22-1.30), psychiatric hospitalizations (ARR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.57-1.76), and mental health emergency department visits (ARR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.47-1.61). Cannabis use disorder was significantly associated with nonfatal self-harm (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 3.28; 95% CI, 2.55-4.22) and all-cause mortality (AHR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.13-2.24), including death by unintentional overdose (AHR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.39-4.16) and homicide (AHR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.22-8.59). Although CUD was associated with suicide in the unadjusted model, it was not significantly associated in adjusted models. Conclusions and Relevance Cannabis use disorder is a common comorbidity and risk marker for self-harm, all-cause mortality, and death by unintentional overdose and homicide among youths with mood disorders. These findings should be considered as states contemplate legalizing medical and recreational marijuana, both of which are associated with increased CUD.
Application of Two Dimensional NMR Methods to the Structural Elucidation of Complex Polysaccharide Antigens. The Structure of the Capsular Polysaccharide of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Type 22 F

Application of Two Dimensional NMR Methods to the Structural Elucidation of Complex Polysaccharide Antigens. The Structure of the Capsular Polysaccharide of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Type 22 F
Pharmacology in the PICU

Rational drug therapy requires the application of pharmacologic principles to maximize efficacy while minimizing adverse reactions. In the setting of the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU), drug therapy is predicated on an understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease being treated, the pharmacology of the drug(s) selected and the expected effects (therapeutic and toxic) of the chosen agents. An understanding of how disease processes, genetics and other concurrent treatments affect the pharmacologic properties of drugs is also paramount to a rational approach to drug therapy. Two therapeutic strategies, target effect and target concentration are commonly employed when administering medications to treat specific diseases.
Is There a Remedy for the Irrelevance of Academic Criminal Law

The required course in substantive criminal law that is provided in most first-year law programs has been, in the half century since the completion of the Model Penal Code, a relatively stable march through the general part of the law of criminal liability, actus reas, mens rea, causation, accessorial liability, conspiracy, and defenses, followed by a long tour through homicide liability as a case study in considering the factors which influence the degree of criminal guilt and of punishment. The beautifully articulated language and commentary of the model code provides introductory students with an almost statutory presentation of the doctrines. It is a rich and challenging curriculum for teachers and students. But there are two missing pieces in current offerings on the substantive law of crime which not only limit the teaching mission of academic criminal law but have also hampered the capacity of criminal law scholars to participate in the important policy discourses of the modern age. The two substantive gaps in the modern criminal law course reflect two of the three massive shifts in punishment policy in the United States since the 1970s, the sevenfold growth in the incarcerated population that happened after 1972, the reintroduction and reinvention of capital punishment as a criminal sanction after 1976 and the massive “war on drugs” that exploded in the United States between 1985 and 1995. Only the question of capital punishment is considered in the basic criminal law course. The fact that a topic is not covered in an introductory law course would be easy to fix in theory—just expand the curriculum and introduce important issues that the basic course misses in an advanced course or two. But the problem here is that for most students and for all too many law school course offerings, the first course in substantive criminal law is also the last such course in law school. So two of the three major changes in punishment policy in a volatile half-century of recent history are not part of the criminal law for most law students and most law schools. Further, for two of the three massive shifts in American punishment policy, those law professors who aren’t teaching their
Response to Davis: choosing relevant evidence to assess monarch population trends

Abstract. 1. We recently reported in this journal that the abundance of the migratory population of monarch butterflies is declining (Brower et al., 2011). Davis (Davis, 2011) subsequently challenged our conclusion. 2. Here, we provide further information about the increasing loss of larval habitat and how it may be contributing to the decline. 3. We also point out that Davis’s census data were obtained from peripheral monarch populations minimally influenced by the changes in agriculture and development that have affected the larger Midwestern monarch population. Therefore, the data cited by Davis are not representative of the overall monarch population.
Standing to Allege Violations of the Doctrine of Specialty: An Examination of the Relationship between the Individual and the Sovereign

In extradition treaties, sovereign powers promise to surrender individuals who have been accused or convicted of an offense outside their territory to the country seeking to prosecute the individual for that offense. Because entering into an extradition treaty involves the sacrifice of some sovereign rights, these treaties are always reciprocal: a state will relinquish its unfettered right to grant asylum to whomever it pleases only if the other parties to the treaty agree to do the same. In addition, extradition treaties contain certain protections that limit the sacrifices these sovereign powers must make. One such restriction that is part of every extradition treaty is the doctrine of specialty.' The doctrine of specialty dictates that once the asylum state extradites an individual to the requesting state under the terms of an extradition treaty, that person can be prosecuted only for the crimes specified in the extradition request.2 In United States v Rauscher, the United States Supreme Court held that the specialty doctrine applies to every extradition treaty to which the United States is a signatory, even if specialty is not explicitly mentioned.3 Rauscher indicates that an individual extradited to
Inhibition of carcinogen-induced cellular transformation of human fibroblasts by drugs that interact with the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase system. Initial evidence for the development of transformation resistance.

Abstract Two types of interactions of 13 drugs with human fibroblasts were determined: (a) I 50 of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, as assayed with isolated nuclei in vitro, and (b) the non-toxic concentration of drugs that prevented carcinogen-induced cell transformation of intact fibroblasts (RCF 1 ). In general, RCF 1 was much lower than I 50 , and one antitransformer did not inhibit the enzyme in vitro, indicating that low-affinity enzyme inhibitory sites appear to play no role in the mechanism of prevention of cell transformation. Two enzyme inhibitors, caffeine and 1-methylnicotinamide, exhibited no antitransforming activity. Benzamide when applied in population doubling 1 induced resistance to cell transformation in population doubling 6 by carcinogens added at this stage.
A variational method to find effective coefficients for periodic media. A comparison with standard homogenization

Elliptic boundary value problems with rapidly varying coefficients (i.e. coefficients varying significantly on a small scale) naturally occur in dealing with problems involving composite materials. A problem of utmost practical importance is then to find an effective constant coefficient operator (orgenerally one with slowly varying coefficients) to replace the rapid variations. In the literature this process is often denoted homogenization and is traditionally performed by means of some sort of multiple scale asymptotic expansion. As we shall point out later techniques of asymptotic expansion have certain deficiencies in connection with the determination of boundary layers and solutions containing singularities. Accurate knowledge of the boundary layers or singularities is important for many practical applications, such as predicting whether a composite will delaminate or cracks occur. In this paper we shall review an alternate method for homogenization which is much better suited to determine the boundary layers or the solution near a singularity. This method is based on a combination of an asymptotic expansion and a variational principle. We compare this method to the more standard both theoretically and computationally. As our model problem we consider the following of diffusion in a periodic structure.
Pain control in outpatient surgery.

Excellence in perioperative pain management can result in reduced time in the recovery room, more rapid rehabilitation and return to work, and increased patient satisfaction. Recently, the assessment of pain, the “fifth vital sign,” has been recognized as an essential component of patient care. Unfortunately, many surgeons neither evaluate nor treat perioperative pain in an organized fashion based on well-controlled clinical studies. Pharmaceutical companies purchase prescription records from pharmacies to learn about physician prescription patterns and collectively spend $12 billion per year to influence these patterns. So the use of a particular analgesic drug may be unduly influenced by commercial considerations, unless surgeons understand the pharmacology of pain management. Pain management in outpatient surgery is also a shared responsibility involving the surgeon, the anesthesiologist, and the perioperative nurse. Many factors in addition to the postoperative pain regimen can influence the quality of perioperative pain control, including preoperative interview, reception in the outpatient surgery suite, premedication, anesthetic technique, and the magnitude and conduct of the operation. An organized collaboration between the surgeon, anesthesiologist, and nurse will optimize the results of the outpatient surgery pain management program. This article will review the objective assessment of pain, the pharmacology of analgesic and local anesthetic drugs, and the use of preemptive analgesia to diminish postoperative pain after outpatient surgery.
Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders

In this chapter, we review existing prevalence estimates for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) since 2000 and discuss methodological factors impacting the estimation of prevalence and the interpretation of changes in prevalence estimates over time. Possible explanations for an increase in the prevalence of ASD within and across populations are considered. Increases in ASD diagnostic rates cannot currently be attributed to a true increase in the incidence of ASD due to multiple confounding factors. It remains to be seen how changes to diagnostic criteria introduced in the DSM-5 will impact estimates of ASD prevalence going forward.
A connectionist parser with recursive sentence structure and lexical disambiguation

In order to be taken seriously, connectionist natural language processing systems must be able to parse syntactically complex sentences. Current connectionist parsers either ignore structure or impose prior restrictions on the structural complexity of the sentences they can process -- either number of phrases or the "depth" of the sentence structure. XERIC networks, presented here, are distributed representation connectionist parsers which can analyze and represent syntactically varied sentences, including ones with recursive phrase structure constructs. No a priori limits are placed on the depth or length of sentences by the architecture. XERIC networks use recurrent networks to read words one at a time. RAAM style reduced descriptions and X-Bar grammar are used to make an economical syntactic representation scheme. This is combined with a training technique which allows XERIC to use multiple, virtual copies of its RAAM decoder network to learn to parse and represent sentence structure using gradient-descent methods. XERIC networks also perform number-person disambiguation and lexical disambiguation. Results show that the networks train to a few percent error for sentences up to a phrase-nesting depth of ten or more and that this performance generalizes well.
Neoplastic Transformation of BALB/3T3 Cells and Cell Cycle of HL-60 Cells are Inhibited by Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Juice and Mango Juice Extracts

The mango, Mangifera indica L., is a fruit with high levels of phytochemicals, suggesting that it might have chemopreventative properties. In this study, whole mango juice and juice extracts were screened for antioxidant and anticancer activity. Antioxidant activity of the mango juice and juice extracts was measured by 3 standard in vitro methods. The results of the 3 methods were in general agreement, although different radicals were measured in each. Anticancer activity was measured by examining the effect on cell cycle kinetics and the ability to inhibit chemically induced neoplastic transformation of mammalian cell lines. Incubation of HL-60 cells with whole mango juice and mango juice fractions resulted in an inhibition of the cell cycle in the G 0 /G 1 phase. A fraction of the eluted mango juice with low peroxyl radical scavenging ability was most effective in arresting cells in the G 0 /G 1 phase. Whole mango juice was effective in reducing the number of transformed foci in the neoplastic transformation assay in a dose-dependent manner. These techniques provide valuable screening tools for health benefits derived from mango phytochemicals.
Fault-tolerant self-organization in sensor networks

Sensor nodes in a distributed sensor network can fail due to a variety of reasons, e.g., harsh weather conditions, sabotage, battery failure, and component wear-out. Since many wireless sensor networks are intended to operate in an unattended manner after deployment, failing nodes cannot be replaced or repaired during field operation. Therefore, by designing the network to be fault-tolerant, we can ensure that a wireless sensor network can perform its surveillance and tracking tasks even when some nodes in the network fail. In this paper, we describe a fault-tolerant self-organization scheme that designates a set of backup nodes to replace failed nodes and maintain a backbone for coverage and communication. This scheme has been implemented on top of an energy-efficient self-organization technique for sensor networks. The proposed fault-tolerance-node selection procedure can tolerate a large number of node failures, without losing either sensing coverage or communication connectivity.
Parallel processing can be harmful

Several articles have noted the usefulness of a retrieval algorithm called sequential interpolation search, and Yao and Yao have proven a lower bound log logN-O(1), showing this algorithm is actually optimal up to an additive constant on unindexed files of sizeNgenerated by the uniform probability distribution. We generalize the latter to show log logN- log logP-O(1) lower bounds the complexity of any retrieval algorithm withPparallel processors for searching an unindexed file of sizeN. This result is surprising because we also show how to obtain an upper bound that matches the lower bound up to an additive constant with a procedure that actually usesno parallel processingoutside its last iteration (at which time our proposal turns onPprocessors in parallel). Our first theorem therefore states thatparallel processing before the literally last iterationin the search of an unindexed ordered file hasnearly no usefulness. Two further surprising facts are that the preceding result holds even when communication between the parallel processing units involvesno delayand that the parallel algorithms are actuallyinherently slowerthan their sequential counterparts when each invocation of the SIMD machine invokes a communication step withany typeof nonzerodelay. The presentation in the first two chapters of this paper is quite informal, so that the reader can quickly grasp the underlying intuition.
The chromosomes of some lower chordates.

The chromosomes of three species of lower chordates were examined using a squash technique on small pieces of testis. Ciona intestinalis, a tunicate of the order Enterogona, has fourteen pairs of minute chromosomes. Styela plicata, a tunicate of the order Pleurogona, has sixteen pairs of chromosomes whose total size is approximately twice that of the Ciona chromosomes and about 10% of that of a typical mammalian complement. The hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii, of the suborder Myxinoidea, order Cyclostomata, has twenty-four pairs of chromosomes and what appear to be one to four small supernumeraries in some animals. The hagfish chromosomes are large, approaching the size of a typical mammalian complement. These size relationships agree in general with a concept of a small ancestral vertebrate genome which evolved into the larger present day genomes through a series of duplications of genetic material.
Detecting a stochastic gravitational wave background with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

The random superposition of many weak sources will produce a stochastic background of gravitational waves that may dominate the response of the LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) gravitational wave observatory. Unless something can be done to distinguish between a stochastic background and detector noise, the two will combine to form an effective noise floor for the detector. Two methods have been proposed to solve this problem. The first is to cross-correlate the output of two independent interferometers. The second is an ingenious scheme for monitoring the instrument noise by operating LISA as a Sagnac interferometer. Here we derive the optimal orbital alignment for cross-correlating a pair of LISA detectors, and provide the first analytic derivation of the Sagnac sensitivity curve.
Condensin and cohesin complexity: the expanding repertoire of functions

Condensin and cohesin complexes act in diverse nuclear processes in addition to their widely known roles in chromosome compaction and sister chromatid cohesion. Recent work has elucidated the contribution of condensin and cohesin to interphase genome organization, control of gene expression, metazoan development and meiosis. Despite these wide-ranging functions, several themes have come to light: both complexes establish higher-order chromosome structure by inhibiting or promoting interactions between distant genomic regions, both complexes influence the chromosomal association of other proteins, and both complexes achieve functional specialization by swapping homologous subunits. Emerging data are expanding the range of processes in which condensin and cohesin are known to participate and are enhancing our knowledge of how chromosome architecture is regulated to influence numerous cellular functions.
DETERMINING THE DIMENSIONS OF VARIABLES IN PHYSICS ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS

This paper describes work on methods that evaluate algebraic solutions to word problems in physics. Many current tutoring systems rely on substantial scaffolding and consequently require students to completely describe every variable used in the solution. A heuristic, based on constraint propagation, capable of inferring the description of variables (i.e., the possible dimensions and physics concepts) is shown to be highly reliable on three real world data sets, one covering a few problems with a small number of student answers and two others covering a large class of problems (~100) with a large number of student answers (~11,000). The heuristic uniquely determines the dimensions of all the variables in 91–92% of the equation sets. By asking the student for dimension information about one variable, an additional 3% of the sets can be determined. An ITS tutoring system can use this heuristic to reason about a student's answers even when the scaffolding and context are removed.
Synthesis of a [l,2-3H]-labeled pregnanolone

Abstract A method is described for the synthesis and purification of 3α-hydroxy-5α-[I,2- 3 H]pregnan-20-one. [1,2- 3 H]progesterone (55 Ci/mmol) was incubated with a homogenate of rat brain tissue. The product wax purified by Sephadex chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. The identity and purity of the product were established by successive recrystallizations and high-performance liquid chromatography. A 34% portion of the starting material was converted to 3α-hydroxy-5α-[2- 3 H]pregnan-20-one. The final radiopurity of 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one obtained from four independent preparations was 94% to 99%.
Officer and Suspect Demeanor A Qualitative Analysis of Change

This study explores police—citizen encounters and the reaction of each actor to the demeanor of the other throughout the interaction. Police—citizen interactions can be understood as a sequence of ...
A two-dimensional corner solution for a nonlinear diffusion equation

This work describes a two-dimensional analytic solution of a nonlinear diffusion equation. The interface of this solution is a half line, whose origin is a singular point that advances at constant velocity. The regions that lie on both sides of this line are gradually welded behind the singular point.
Toward a molecular genetic linkage map for the apple maggot fly (Diptera: Tephritidae): comparison of alternative strategies.

Apple [ Malus pumila (L.)] and hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) infesting populations of Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh are rapidly becoming a model system for the study of host plant specialization and sympatric race formation. Unfortunately, a major impediment to further progress in the Rhagoletis system is the lack of an adequate framework of genetic information. Here we report on the development of a molecular genetic linkage map for the fly and evaluate the relative merits of alternative strategies that we used to build the map. The most efficient method for detecting polymorphism in R. pomonella was based on screening a complementary DNA (cDNA) library for genetic variation. Twenty-four of the 98 cDNA clones that we attempted to analyze from plaques in the library displayed either restriction site (Alu I, Dde I, Sau 3A, or Taq I), fragment length, or single strand conformation polymorphism that could be mapped in R. pomonella and represented 25 different loci. Linkage group relationships were established for all 25 of these loci. Seven cDNA loci mapped to the 3 regions of the R. pomonella genome where the 6 allozyme loci with significant allele frequency differences between the host races are located. Furthermore, 5 of these 7 cDNA loci were in strong linkage disequilibrium with the allozyme loci residing within 2 of these 3 genomic regions, suggesting that the cDNA linkage map will be useful for dissecting the genetics of race formation in R. pomonella. Another successful strategy that we employed to map the locus glucose-6-phosphate dehijdrogenase (G-6-pdh) involved the use of a set of redundant primers that had been produced based on the conserved amino acid sequence of this gene. Surprisingly, a scheme based on screening plasmid libraries of randomly cloned restriction fragments was ineffective at detecting polymorphism, and it had an overall success rate of only 5.9% (3 mapped loci/51 low copy number clones screened for variation). In addition, application of random amplified polymorphic DNAs was unsuccessful in producing useful markers for the linkage map.
A comparison of 3 criteria of oligohydramnios in identifying peripartum complications: a secondary analysis

Objective The objective of the study was to ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of 3 criteria of oligohydramnios in identifying 4 peripartum complications. Study Design The 3 definitions of oligohydramnios were amniotic fluid index (AFI) 5.0 cm or less and AFI Results The 95% confidence intervals for the prevalence of oligohydramnios using the 3 criteria are significantly different in the antepartum or intrapartum analysis. The LR was Conclusion The 3 criteria for determining the adequacy of amniotic fluid are not fungible, and they are not useful diagnostic tests for identifying peripartum complications because LR is
On the utilization of pulse ultrasonic nebulization for analyzing small volumes of solution by flame emission spectrometry

Abstract A pulse ultrasonic nebulizer system capable of reproducibly introducing small sample volumes into a flame for analysis by flame emission spectrometry i
Structures of [001] twist boundaries in gold. I. Measurement and use of absolute boundary x-ray structure factors

An x-ray-diffraction method for measuring absolute grain-boundary structure factors is described. The method is based on ratioing appropriate integrated scattered intensities from the grain-boundary region and from the adjoining perfect-crystal region in a bicrystal specimen containing a flat grain boundary. Common unknown factors then cancel out, and an expression for the absolute structure factor is obtained in which all quantities are either known, can be measured, or can be calculated with acceptable accuracy. A practical experimental technique for making the necessary measurements, which employs a four-circle diffractometer, is described. The technique is applied to an x-ray diffraction study of the atomistic structures of a series of [001] twist boundaries in gold in the following paper of our work. The results obtained there clearly demonstrate that the measurement of absolute structure factors, rather than relative structure factors, provides important information in diffraction studies of the structures of grain boundaries, particularly in cases where a limited number of structure factors is measured.
On the rigidity of nematic liquid crystal flow on S2

Abstract In this paper we establish the uniformity property of a simplified Ericksen–Leslie system modelling the hydrodynamics of nematic liquid crystals on the two-dimensional unit sphere S 2 , namely the uniform convergence in L 2 to a steady state exponentially as t tends to infinity. The main assumption, similar to Topping [15] , concerns the equation of liquid crystal director d and states that at infinity time, a weak limit d ∞ and any bubble ω i ( 1 ⩽ i ⩽ l ) share a common orientation. As a consequence, the uniformity property holds under various types of small initial data.
El Toro de Osborne: advertising, community, and myth

Abstract Black bull cutouts, silhouettes of El Toro , dotted hilltops from the plains of La Mancha to the seacoast of Spain's Costa del Sol . Then the European Union decreed that alcohol could no longer be advertised on billboards. The Osborne brandy company removed its bull-boards, but public outcry brought them back, sans the company name—the Osborne bull had become a national icon. This is a semiotic case study of the mythic system appropriated by the Osborne advertisement and the second-order semiological system that the iconic billboards created.
Evaluation of Stainless Steel Nerve Caps for Palmar Digital Neurectomy

Stainless steel nerve caps for application to the proximal nerve stump during palmar digital neurectomy were examined. Six experimental horses and three clinical patients underwent palmar digital neurectomy using the capping technique. Good results were obtained on the experimental horses; however, when the caps were used on the clinical patients, lameness appeared in two of three horses after hard work. The caps were considered unacceptable for clinical use.
ac-induced dc conductivity in the charge-density-wave state in Nb Se 3

We report the observation of dc conductivity induced by ac excitation of large amplitude in the charge-density-wave state in Nb${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$. We find a crossover from strong ac-dc coupling at low frequencies to weak coupling at high frequencies. These observations are in clear contrast with carrier excitations across a (small) gap, and we account for our findings by arguments based on depinning of charge-density waves.
Preliminary studies on acidity-astringency interactions in model solutions and wines

Intensity of astringency in model solutions and wines varying in total acid and total phenols was evaluated by paired comparisons by 10 trained judges. Model solutions consisted of tannic (500, 1000, 2000 mg litre−1) and tartaric (0, 2, 4, 6 g litre−1) acids dissolved in aqueous solutions of ethanol (120 ml litre−1) and sucrose (5 g litre−1). Wine solutions were prepared by addition of citric acid (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 g litre−1 as tartaric acid) to a high phenol-red wine (2645 mg litre−1 GAE) and a moderate phenol-white wine (800 mg litre−1 GAE). At all three levels of tannic acid, astringency of model solutions increased significantly (P<0.001) with tartaric acid concentration. Astringency of white wine also increased significantly (P<0.05) with citric acid concentration. A negative linear relation was found between relative astringency and pH at a given tannin level for both model solutions and white wine. As pH was reduced, more phenolic molecules were in the phenol form thereby increasing the likelihood of hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups of wine tannins and ketoimide groups of mouth proteins. The preliminary hypothesis that hydrogen bonding is the main reaction involved in the formation of protein-tannin complexes resulting in the sensation of astringency was reinforced.
Particle Model of Scattering from Collective States of Nuclei

The differential cross sections for the excitation of the vibrational levels of nuclei are derived using the direct interaction between the projectile and the shell-model particles via a two-body force. The nuclear collective states are approximate solutions to the Hamiltonian consisting of a pairing plus a quadrupole interaction in a quasi-particle representation. The results obtained by this method are compared to those which follow from an interaction using collective coordinates for states of one and two phonons. Numerical results are given for the plane-wave first Born approximation scattering of alpha particles with a deltafunction interaction between the projectiles and the nuclear particle and for the plane-wave Born approximation scattering of electrons, assuming a Coulomb interaction.
The reaction between primary and secondary electron acceptors in bacterial photosynthesis.

Following a 20-nsec actinic flash, which causes oxidation of P870 and cytochrome C422, Chromatium chromatophores enter a refractory state. While the chromatophores are in this state, a second flash does not cause further oxidation of P870 or cytochrome C422. The quanta of the second flash are wasted as fluorescence (and heat); apparently they do not energize an alternative photochemical reaction. The refractory state probably reflects the accumulation of the primary electron acceptor in a reduced form. By following the reappearance of the capacity for photochemistry, one can measure the kinetics of electron transfer between the primary electron acceptor and the secondary agent which reoxidizes it. In Chromatium chromatophores, this process requires about 60 μsec to proceed half-way to completion at pH 7, and 80 μsec at pH 8. The rate of the reaction increases with decreasing pH, but not in direct proportion to the proton concentration. It increases with temperature, with an Ea of about 8.3 kcal/mole. The kinetics are approximately second order in the concentration of the reduced acceptor.
Evoked and spontaneous electromyography to evaluate lumbosacral pedicle screw placement

Study design A prospective study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of evoked and spontaneous electromyography in predicting pedicle wall breakthrough and subsequent lumbar radiculopathy occurring after placement of pedicle screw instrumentation of the lumbar spine. Objectives To correlate cortical breakthrough of the pedicle wall with an electrically evoked electromyography threshold of stimulation, to assess the sensitivity of mechanically evoked electromyography for nerve root irritation, and to correlate postoperative nerve root irritation with intraoperative findings. Summary of background data Pedicle wall breakthrough has been evaluated by radiographic means and found to be difficult to evaluate. Methods to perform both electrically evoked and mechanically evoked electromyography have been developed more sensitive tests for breakthrough. Methods Twenty-five patients receiving 112 pedicle screws were evaluated. Results Cortical breakthrough was associated with electrically evoked electromyography threshold of less than 11 milliAmps. Not all screws that had broken through the pedicle wall caused a postoperative radiculopathy. Electromyographic activity was sensitive to nerve root stimulation. Conclusions Measuring the electrically evoked electromyography threshold of stimulation helps to assess pedicle screw placement. Mechanically evoked electromyography indicates intraoperative nerve root displacement. Postoperative radiculopathy correlated with pedicle wall breakthrough, but did not occur in every case.
Trait Anger and Axis I Disorders: Implications for REBT

Anger has a prominent role in basic theories of emotion. And while many psychiatric disorders can be conceived of as emotional disorders (e.g., depressive disorders, anxiety disorders), there are no disorders for which anger is the cardinal feature. We analyzed diagnostic data on 1,687 (as later) psychiatric outpatients and looked at the co-occurrence of high trait anger (as assessed by criterion 8 of Borderline Personality Disorder) and Axis I disorders, and Borderline and Antisocial Personality Disorders. The purpose was to examine whether dysfunctional anger met criteria necessary to be considered a valid diagnostic category. Results showed that high trait anger was not fully accounted for by any particular Axis I diagnosis, or any set of Axis I diagnoses, or by the combination of Axis I diagnoses and Borderline and Antisocial PDs. Trait anger also accounted for significant amounts of unique variance in several indicators of psychiatric impairment and psychosocial functioning. We describe the anger disorder diagnoses of Eckhardt and Deffenbacher (Anger disorders: Definition, diagnosis and treatment. Taylor & Francis, Bristol, PA, 1995), and discuss the implications of those diagnoses for the practice of REBT and CBT.
Style Change Costs as a Market Weapon

I. Introduction, 632. — II. A graphical analysis of style costs, 634. — III. A digression on the technology of style costs, 642. — IV. Means of survival; alternatives to the code, 643. —V. Conclusion, 646.
Abstract PR1: BRAFV600E remodels the melanocyte transcriptome and induces BLNCR1 to regulate melanoma cell migration

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Aberrations of protein-coding genes are a focus of cancer genomics; however, the impact of oncogenes on expression of the ~50% of transcripts without protein-coding potential, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), has been largely uncharacterized. Activating mutations in the BRAF oncogene are present in >70% of melanomas, 90% of which produce active mutant BRAF(V600E) protein. To define the impacts of oncogenic BRAF on the melanocyte transcriptome, massively parallel cDNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed on genetically matched normal human melanocytes with and without BRAF(V600E) expression. To enhance potential disease relevance by verifying expression of altered genes in BRAF-driven cancer tissue, parallel RNA-seq was also undertaken of two BRAF(V600E)-mutant human melanomas. BRAF(V600E) regulated expression of 1027 protein-coding transcripts and 39 annotated lncRNAs, as well as 70 unannotated, potentially novel, intergenic transcripts. These transcripts display both tissue-specific and multi-tissue expression profiles and harbor distinctive regulatory chromatin marks and transcription factor binding sites indicative of active transcription. Coding potential analysis of the 70 unannotated transcripts suggested that most may represent newly identified lncRNAs. BRAF-regulated lncRNA 1 (BANCR) was identified as a recurrently overexpressed, previously unannotated 693-bp transcript on chromosome 9 with a potential functional role in melanoma cell migration. BANCR knockdown reduced melanoma cell migration, and this could be rescued by the chemokine CXCL11. Combining RNA-seq of oncogene-expressing normal cells with RNA-seq of their corresponding human cancers may represent a useful approach to discover new oncogene-regulated RNA transcripts of potential clinical relevance in cancer. Citation Format: Ross J. Flockhart, Dan E. Webster, Kun Qu, Nicholas Mascarenhas, Joanna Kovalski, Markus Kretz, Khavari A. Paul. BRAFV600E remodels the melanocyte transcriptome and induces BANCR to regulate melanoma cell migration. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-248. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-248
Maternal Serum Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations across Critical Windows of Human Development

The environmental persistence and lipophilicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Great Lakes basin and elsewhere has lead to bioaccumulation within the aquatic food chain and human exposure (Ayotte et al. 1995; Bloom et al. 2005; He et al. 2001). Dietary PCB exposure has been associated with adverse reproductive (Buck et al. 2000; Mendola et al. 2005) and developmental outcomes (Jacobson and Jacobson 1997), underscoring the importance of exposures during critical or sensitive windows (Morford et al. 2004). Although past research has focused on in utero PCB exposure for clinically recognized pregnancies in relation to human development, only limited investigation of periconception exposures has been undertaken (Chapin et al. 2004). This impairs our ability to accurately model the effects of pregnancy and/or lactation in assessing reproductive outcomes conditional on pregnancy. We assessed concentrations of PCB congeners from preconception through pregnancy and postpartum to better understand their dynamics over critical windows.
A rapid and precise technique for measuring δ13C‐CO2 and δ18O‐CO2 ratios at ambient CO2 concentrations for biological applications and the influence of container type and storage time on the sample isotope ratios

A simple modification to a commercially available gas chromatograph isotope ratio mass spectrometer (GC/IRMS) allows rapid and precise determination of the stable isotopes ((13)C and (18)O) of CO(2) at ambient CO(2) concentrations. A sample loop was inserted downstream of the GC injection port and used to introduce small volumes of air samples into the GC/IRMS. This procedure does not require a cryofocusing step and significantly reduces the analysis time. The precisions for delta(13)C and delta(18)O of CO(2) at ambient concentration were +/-0.164 and +/-0.247 per thousand, respectively. This modified GC/IRMS was used to test the effects of storage on the (18)O and (13)C isotopic ratios of CO(2) at ambient concentrations in four container types. On average, the change in the (13)C-CO(2) and (18)O-CO(2) ratios of samples after one week of storage in glass vials equipped with butyl rubber stoppers (Bellco Glass Inc.) were depleted by 0.12 and by 0.20 per thousand, respectively. The (13)C ratios in aluminum canisters (Scotty II and IV, Scott Specialty Gasses) after one month of storage were depleted, on average, by 0.73 and 2.04 per thousand, respectively, while the (18)O ratios were depleted by 0.38 and 1.20 per thousand for the Scotty II and IV, respectively. After a month of storage in electropolished containers (Summa canisters, Biospheric Research Corporation), the (13)C-CO(2) and (18)O-CO(2) ratios were depleted, on average, by 0.26 and enriched by 0.30 per thousand, respectively, close to the precision of measurements. Samples were collected at a mature hardwood forest for CO(2) concentration determination and isotopic analysis. A comparison of CO(2) concentrations determined with an infrared gas analyzer and from sample voltages, determined on the GC/IRMS concurrent with the isotopic analysis, indicated that CO(2) concentrations can be determined reliably with the GC/IRMS technique. The (13)C and (18)O ratios of nighttime ecosystem-respired CO(2), determined from the intercept of Keeling plots, were -26.11 per thousand (V-PDB) and -8.81 per thousand (V-PDB-CO(2)), respectively.
Remineralization of Enamel Caries Can Decrease Optical Reflectivity

The remineralization of enamel caries can lead to distinct optical changes within a lesion. We hypothesized that the restoration of mineral volume would result in a measurable decrease in the depth-resolved reflectivity of polarized light from the lesion. To test this hypothesis, we measured optical changes in artificial caries undergoing remineralization as a function of depth, using Polarization-sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT). Lesions were imaged non-destructively before and after exposure to a remineralization regimen. After imaging, microradiographs of histological thin sections indicated that the significant reflectivity reduction measured by PS-OCT accurately represented the increase in mineral content within a larger repaired surface zone. Mineral volume changes arising from remineralization can be measured on the basis of the optical reflectivity of the lesion.
Tra1 as a screening target for transcriptional activation domain discovery

There is tremendous interest in developing activator artificial transcription factors that functionally mimic endogenous transcriptional activators for use as mechanistic probes, as components of synthetic cell circuitry, and in transcription-targeted therapies. Here, we demonstrate that a phage display selection against the transcriptional activation domain binding motif of the coactivator Tra1(TRRAP) produces distinct sequences that function with similar binding modes and potency as natural activators. These findings set the stage for binding screens with small molecule libraries against TAD binding motifs to yield next-generation small molecule TADs.
New Distribution Records of Fishflies (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) for West Virginia, USA

ABSTRACT: New distributional records (45) are recorded for fishflies in West Virginia. Thirteen new county records were added for Nigronia serricornis (Say), and 18 new county records were recorded for N. fasciatus (Walker). Eight new county records were added for Neohermes concolor (Davis), while six new county records were noted for Chauliodes pectinicornis (Linnaeus). Following this investigation, the statewide distribution of fishfly species is as follows: Nigronia serricornis (45 counties), N. fasciatus (37 counties), Neohermes concolor (10 counties), Chauliodes pectinicornis (19 counties), and C. rastricornis (3 counties). Tarter and Watkins (1974), Watkins, et al. (1975), and Dolin and Tarter (1981) have reported distributional records of fishflies for West Virginia. Tarter, et al. (1977) noted seasonal emergence patterns for fishflies in West Virginia. The main objective of this investigation is to report new county records of fishflies for West Virginia. Three eastern genera of fishflies, Chaulio...
Levi-Strauss and the Buddhists

This is by no means the first attempt to link Claude Levi-Strauss with Buddhist thought.1 It is my purpose to make it, however, the most thorough and least eccentric comparison to date. I want to set the record straight about the nature and significance of Buddhist parallels in the thought of Levi-Strauss.
Integrated Concentrations of Luteinizing Hormone and Puberty

Abstract Integrated serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone have been compared among 30-minute collections from 10 boys (6–18 years old) and 5 girls (5–11 years old). This study suggests that prepubertal as well as pubertal boys have greater mean integrated concentrations of LH during sleep than during waking. One of two pubertal girls had greater concentrations of LH during sleep, while three prepubertal girls did not.