cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association of chorioamnionitis and patent ductus arteriosus in a national U.S. cohort.

Objective To estimate the effect of clinical chorioamnionitis on the risk of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Study design A secondary analysis of all deliveries >23 gestational weeks from the U.S. Consortium on Safe Labor (CSL) study. The primary exposure was a clinical diagnosis of chorioamnionitis, and the outcome was a diagnosis of PDA. Generalized estimating equations with estimated error variance for women with multiple deliveries were utilized. Models adjusted for age, race, region, delivery year, body mass index, infant sex, multiple gestation, mode of delivery, and antenatal corticosteroid exposure. Results Among 228,438 deliveries, a diagnosis of PDA was more frequent with chorioamnionitis exposure versus without (9.2% vs. 3.0%; OR: 3.25; 95% CI: 2.92-3.62). Chorioamnionitis was associated with higher adjusted odds of PDA (AOR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.93-2.45). In sensitivity analyses, the association between chorioamnionitis and PDA held after adjustment for gestational age at delivery (AOR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.13-1.44). Conclusions Chorioamnionitis was associated with increased odds of PDA. Robust exposure and outcome ascertainment with careful assessment of confounding is needed to further investigate this epidemiologic association.
Changes in coastal Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) burrow characteristics and density following hurricane events in Northeast Florida, USA: Implications for conservation planning

Abstract The Gopher Tortoise, Gopherus polyphemus is iconic, yet threatened throughout its range in the southeastern United States. It is a burrowing, herbivorous tortoise whose upland habitats have been greatly reduced by habitat destruction, fragmentation and/or reduction in quality due to anthropogenic changes in the disturbance regimes, such as fire, that are necessary to maintain quality habitat. Importantly, Gopher Tortoises are well documented keystone species supporting numerous conspecifics that are dependent upon or regularly use their burrows. While this species has been much studied in its inland habitats, it also thrives in coastal sand dune environments where little is known about its behavior, ecosystem role or conservation status. Coastal natural areas in the state of Florida, USA have been significantly reduced by human activity, and are now additionally threatened with accelerated sea level rise and more frequent and intense storms. We collected Gopher Tortoise burrow location, abundance, width and activity data in 2016 for a coastal population within northeast Florida, protected within the northern component of the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve. Soon after our burrow survey was completed in 2016, Hurricane Matthew heavily impacted our study area that fall. In order to determine the degree to which this Gopher Tortoise population might have been impacted by the hurricane, we began re-surveying burrows in 2017 but were interrupted by another Hurricane, Irma, in 2017. We completed the post-hurricanes burrow surveys in 2018. When comparing pre-and post-hurricanes surveys, we found that habitat was lost and burrow density increased. The relative proportion of burrows categorized as “active” increased, while “inactive” and “abandoned” burrows decreased. Furthermore, burrow abundance decreased by 10% following these back-to-back hurricane events. We infer that individual Gopher Tortoises mostly abandoned low elevation burrows at risk of hurricane-related storm surge and relocated to higher elevation, unused (or “inactive” and “abandoned”) burrows. Such relocation, combined with significant loss of previously inhabited lower elevation habitat could explain the post-storm increase in burrow density and the proportional changes in burrow activity classification. However, as resilient as this population may be, it is running out of room due to sea level rise and habitat loss and fragmentation. Such implications for this and other species should be considered in conservation planning for coastal species of concern.
Authors’ Reply to “Respiration Rate Measurement Under 1-D Body Motion Using Single Continuous-Wave Doppler Radar Vital Sign Detection System”

The authors of the above paper [1] , would like to thank Yang and Huang [2] for pointing out the omissions in [1, eqs. (13) and (16)] . These equations need to be corrected to avoid confusion. Further clarifications are provided below.
Association of obstructive sleep apnea risk with depression and anxiety symptoms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Study Objective: To determine whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk is associated with depression and anxiety symptoms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: This is a cross-...
Explicating Institutional Legitimacy

In an effort to complete the transition from theory to practice the final two chapters are dedicated to offering some suggestions for institutional design and reform. It is in offering such suggestions for institutional design and reform that the impact of the conclusions reached thus far have their clearest ethical and practical implications. This Chapter identifies and defends a set of standards for evaluating the legitimacy of institutions intended to respond to the challenge of climate change. To be specific, it is contended that institutional legitimacy requires practical effectiveness, moral and political justification, and some understanding of the structure of legitimate institutions.
Simultaneous cardio-cerebral infarction: A rare phenomenon (P4.3-056)

Objective: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) are well recognized clinical entities with established management algorithms. However simultaneous cardio-cerebral infarction (CCI) is an exceedingly rare phenomenon with grave prognosis. Here, we present a case report and the literature available on managing such complex presentations. Background: NA Design/Methods: A 52-year-old African American male was brought to the emergency department with acute onset left hemiparesis, spastic dysarthria, right gaze preference and concurrent chest pain. En route to the hospital patient received aspirin and sublingual nitroglycerine. On arrival, his National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 26 with antero-septal ST segment elevation consistent with AMI. He was hypertensive on arrival with BP as 150/90. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain revealed acute ischemic stroke in right-middle cerebral artery territory. CT angiogram showed occlusion of cervical segment of right Internal Carotid Artery. Troponin was elevated at 0.19. Patient was not a candidate for tissue plasminogen activator for he presented 4.5 hours after symptom onset. Given risk of hemorrhagic transformation of AIS associated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), it was decided to conservatively manage AMI with aspirin and statin. Results: NA Conclusions: Management of simultaneous CCI continues to be a challenging task for physicians. So far eight cases of simultaneous CCI have been reported. Both AIS and AMI have a narrow therapeutic time-window, such that acute management of one at the expense of the other may result in permanent irreversible disability from the infarcted area that received delayed intervention. American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) recommends treatment with intravenous alteplase at dose appropriate for AIS followed by Percutaneous Coronary Angiography and stenting. However given the rarity of simultaneous CCI, guidelines regarding optimal management of this medical emergency are still unclear and needs further investigation. Disclosure: Dr. Goyal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gangadhara has nothing to disclose.
Estimated Time to Maximum Medical Improvement of Intra-articular Injections in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis-A Systematic Review.

Purpose The purpose of the current study is to perform a systematic review of the literature and evaluate maximum medical improvement and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of different injectables in the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Methods A systematic review was performed to evaluate maximum medical improvement and MCID in patients undergoing injections of different modalities for knee osteoarthritis. Demographic factors of the patients being reviewed were analyzed, with patient-reported outcomes as reported by visual analog scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) being used to evaluate the clinical trajectory of patients receiving intra-articular injections. Results Overall, 79 (level of evidence I: 79) studies met inclusion criteria, with 8761 patients. Corticosteroid (CS) injections, middle molecular weight hyaluronic acid (MMW-HA), and leukocyte-rich platelet rich plasma (LR-PRP) injections reached their maximum pain control at 4 to 6 weeks after injection, as measured by VAS. The lowest VAS scores were reached for low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMW-HA), high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMW-HA), and leukocyte-poor platelet rich plasma (LP-PRP) by 3 months after injection. Similarly, the WOMAC scores were lowest at 4 to 6 weeks after CS and MMW-HA injections, and at 3 months after HMW-HA and LP-PRP injections. LR-PRP demonstrated the most prolonged pain relief relative to the other injection types, with the lowest VAS score of all groups measured at final follow-up. LP-PRP showed the lowest WOMAC scores at final follow-up, one year post-injection. Conclusion PRP injections provide continued pain relief at up to 1 year after injection. Corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid have good efficacy and are suitable for many patients but lack this longevity. Level of Evidence Level I, a systematic review of Level I studies.
Evaluating Manual Sampling Locations for Regulatory and Emergency Response

AbstractDrinking water systems commonly use manual or grab sampling to monitor water quality, identify or confirm issues, and verify that corrective or emergency response actions have been effectiv...
Scholar–Practitioner Model

The American Psychological Association has identified four primary training models in the fields of clinical, counseling, and educational psychology: bench scientist, clinical scientist (Indiana model), scientist–practitioner (Boulder model), and scholar–practitioner (Vail model). Historically, these training models have been conceptualized as divergent approaches to the study and application of scientific psychological principles. However, these training models may most appropriately be viewed on a continuum with each training model invested in varying degrees of research and professional clinical practice. The primary focus of this article is the scholar–practitioner model, including information regarding the historical evolution of this training model, approaches to clinical practice and research endeavors, the development of professional psychology programs, compliments and criticisms of this model, and alternative training models. Keywords: counseling psychology; clinical psychology; research; training
Kaduna beggar children: a study of child abuse and neglect in northern Nigeria.

Kaduna State, Nigeria serves as an example of a third world state that in the wake of rapid change and the weakening of traditional forms of welfare has created an underclass of beggars, many of whom are children. Lack of a comprehensive welfare system in general, and more specifically, protective services for minors, has resulted in the neglect of some children who are exploited by poor families for street begging. Although laws exist to protect minors and prevent street begging by children, they are seldom enforced. Perhaps this is due to the absence of a governmental agency solely responsible for child welfare. In light of the need to assist beggar children, the following measures are recommended: Establish a Bureau for the Protection of Beggar Children. Establish a Division of Protective Services in the Ministry of Social Development. Establish advocacy programs for street children by voluntary agencies. Language: en
Stretch‐activated signaling is modulated by stretch magnitude and contraction

Introduction: Stretch therapy is commonly utilized to prevent shortening maladaptation of skeletal muscle. Stretch in combination with isometric contraction prevents shortening, but the signaling mechanisms are not understood. Methods: Using a soleus tenotomy 1stretch rat model, the phosphoryla- tion-activation of mechanosensitive kinases (Akt, p70 S6K , p38 MAPK, and ERK1/2) were measured for various stretch magni- tudes, set relative to optimal soleus length (Lo). Results: The ki- nases were not activated by passive stretch until it exceeded the normal physiological range. Stretch 1isometric contraction resulted in relatively strong phosphorylation, even at short lengths. Conclusions: Whereas passive stretch results in kinase phosphorylation only during extreme lengthening, isometric con- traction generated pronounced phosphorylation of kinases at Lo and Lo 125%, indicating stimulation of pathways that lead to the preservation or increase of muscle length. Understanding the effects of passive and active stretch with respect to Lo and contraction is essential for predicting therapeutic outcomes and influencing optimal muscle length. Muscle Nerve 49:98-107, 2014 The lifetime adaptability of skeletal muscle tissue can be viewed as both advantageous and disadvan- tageous. Because skeletal muscle adapts its func- tional, structural, and biochemical properties based on work demands, 1 the potential exists for optimization as well as maladaptation. Exercise is recommended to strengthen muscles and reduce the risk of falling. 2 However, less well recognized is that maintenance of proper muscle length is just as important as strength for optimal muscle func- tion. Within the range of movement, skeletal muscles develop a set point, the optimal length (Lo), at which maximum force is generated. At Lo, maximum force is generated, because the myo- sin thick filaments and actin thin filaments overlap to form the greatest possible number of force-gen- erating cross-bridges. Muscles continually adapt in length based on use. Length adaptation is beneficial unless the working range of motion is truncated by excessive shortening. 3 A healthy woman who habitually wears high heels walks with her feet plantarflexed and contracts the triceps surae most often at a length less than the Lo length for low heels. The muscle fibers short-adapt and shift Lo to a shorter length set point. Ultrasound imaging of muscle fas- cicle length indicates that the short-adapted mus- cle fibers contain fewer sarcomeres compared with the Lo position for a low-heel-wearer. 4 When bare- foot and leaning forward with the foot dorsiflexed, the habitual high-heel-wearer generates less force from the triceps surae, because the sarcomeres are lengthened and operate off the length/tension plateau. Short adaptation of the triceps surae in a frail elderly person exacerbates weakness and increases the chances of falling during ambulation and leaning forward. 5
Including High School Students with Severe Disabilities in General Education Classes: Perspectives of General and Special Educators, Paraprofessionals, and Administrators:

Increasing the participation of youth with severe disabilities in general education has remained a consistent and prominent focus of legislative, policy, and research initiatives. We examined the p...
Sugar alcohols and dental health

Abstract Polyols, commonly known as sugar alcohols, are a class of sweeteners commonly used as sugar substitutes. Polyols such as sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, erythritol and xylitol are ubiquitous in sugar-free food and confectionery products with some claiming to have oral health benefits. Polyols as a class are widely held to be low- to non-aciduric and very low- to non-cariogenic. Xylitol, in particular, has unique properties that set it apart from its class. Xylitol actively promotes better oral health by reducing the levels of pathogenic mutans streptococci in plaque and saliva and by reducing tooth decay. The active protective effects are not limited to those who consume xylitol but also extend to the children of mothers who consume xylitol during the perinatal period. Some xylitol-containing products have been adequately studied and have the potential for use in specific or generalized public health programs to promote oral health and reduce tooth decay.
Stability of Markov regenerative switched linear systems

In this paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for mean stability of switched linear systems having a Markov regenerative process as its switching signal. This class of switched linear systems, which we call Markov regenerative switched linear systems, contains Markov jump linear systems and semi-Markov jump linear systems as special cases. We show that a Markov regenerative switched linear system is m th mean stable if and only if a particular matrix is Schur stable, under the assumption that either m is even or the system is positive.
Bleeding complications of thrombolytic treatment

The mechanism and incidence of bleeding in patients undergoing fibrinolytic therapy are discussed, the role of laboratory findings in predicting the patient's clinical course is described, and guidelines concerning patient management are presented. Plasminogen activators have more similarities than differences in the mechanisms by which they dissolve thrombi and hemostatic plugs and, therefore, in their potential for vascular reperfusion or bleeding complications. The duration of an active lytic state in the blood varies according to the half-life of the activator; regardless of the agent chosen, however, plasma fibrinogen concentrations do not return to normal levels for one to two days following treatment. If plasminogen activator is still circulating, control of surgical bleeding after plasminogen activator treatment requires correction of the low plasma fibrinogen concentration with cryoprecipitate and administration of antifibrinolytic agents. Tests of coagulation and fibrinolysis can demonstrate a lytic state during therapy, but manipulation of drug therapy based on laboratory results is unlikely to control the patient's clinical course. Safe and effective therapy with plasminogen activators depends more on clinical judgment than on strict interpretation of laboratory test results.
A novel scalable IPv6 lookup scheme using compressed pipelined tries

An IP router has to match each incoming packet's IP destination address against all stored prefixes in its forwarding table. This task is increasingly more challenging as the routers have to: not only keep up with the ultra-high link speeds, but also be ready to switch to the 128-bit IPv6 address space while the number of prefixes grows quickly. Commercially, many routers employ Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) to facilitate fast IP lookup. However, TCAMs are power-eager, expensive, and not scalable. We advocate in this paper to keep the forwarding table in trie data structures that are accessed in a pipeline manner. Especially, we propose a new scalable IPv6 forwarding engine based on a multibit trie architecture that can achieve a throughput of 3.1 Tera bits per second.
The effect of line‐up administrator blindness on the recording of eyewitness identification decisions

Purpose. Line-up administrators’ expectations have been shown to influence eyewitnesses’ identification decisions. Expectations may also influence administrators’ willingness to record witnesses’ decisions as positive identifications. Methods. Single- and double-blind participant administrators presented a line-up to a confederate witness, who identified either the suspect or a filler. Results. A hierarchical log-linear analysis revealed an interaction effect of blindness and witness choice on participants’ recording of the identification: Single-blind administrators were more likely to record the confederate's choice as a positive identification when the witness chose the suspect (vs. a filler), whereas double-blind administrators’ records were not influenced by the witness's choice. An interaction between blindness and witness choice also emerged for participant administrators’ witness evaluations. Single-blind administrators rated confederates who chose a filler as significantly less credible than those who chose a suspect; double-blind administrators’ ratings were consistent across photo selection. Conclusions. Blindness influenced line-up administrators’ record of line-up outcomes. These results add to the growing body of research supporting the use of double-blind line-up administration.
Deep brain stimulation may reduce the relative risk of clinically important worsening in early stage Parkinson's disease

Abstract Background The Vanderbilt pilot trial of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in early Parkinson's disease (PD) enrolled patients on medications six months to four years without motor fluctuations or dyskinesias. We conducted a patient-centered analysis based on clinically important worsening of motor symptoms and complications of medical therapy for all subjects and a subset of subjects with a more focused medication duration. Continuous outcomes were also analyzed for this focused cohort. Methods A post hoc analysis was conducted on all subjects from the pilot and a subset of subjects taking PD medications 1–4 years at enrollment. Clinically important worsening is defined as both a ≥ 3 point increase in UPDRS Part III and a ≥ 1 point increase in Part IV. Results DBS plus optimal drug therapy (DBS + ODT) subjects experienced a 50–80% reduction in the relative risk of worsening after two years. The DBS + ODT group was improved compared to optimal drug therapy (ODT) at each time point on Total UPDRS and Part III (p = 0.04, p = 0.02, respectively, at 24 months). Total UPDRS, Part IV, and PDQ-39 scores significantly worsened in the ODT group after two years (p Conclusions DBS + ODT in early PD may reduce the risk of clinically important worsening. These findings further confirm the need to determine if DBS + ODT is superior to medical therapy for managing symptoms, reducing the complications of medications, and improving quality of life. The FDA has approved the conduct of a large-scale, pivotal clinical trial of DBS in early stage PD.
Uridine diphospho-N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate sulfohydrolase activity of human arylsulfatase B and its deficiency in the Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome

Abstract The hydrolysis of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate by human arylsulfatase B has been demonstrated with an enzyme preparation purified 200-fold from placenta. No hydrolysis was observed with arylsulfatase A. UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate is the first fully characterized physiological compound shown to be a substrate for arylsulfatase B, confirming that arylsulfatase B is an N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate sulfohydrolase. Cultured fibroblasts derived from patients with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome were deficient in UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate sulfohydrolase to the same extent that they were deficient in arylsulfatase B.
A redefinition of normal acid-base equilibrium in man: Carbon dioxide tension as a key determinant of normal plasma bicarbonate concentration

A redefinition of normal acid-base equilibrium in man: Carbon dioxide tension as a key determinant of normal plasma bicarbonate concentration. It has been shown recently that normal acid-base equilibrium in the dog is characterized by a strong positive correlation between plasma bicarbonate concentration and Pco 2 . The present study was undertaken to examine the possibility that a similar relationship between normal levels of Pco 2 and plasma bicarbonate might be present in man. The results indicate that values for bicarbonate within the normal range are highly dependent upon the prevailing level of Pco 2 ([HCO - 3 ] = 0.36 Pavco 2 + 10.4; r=0.73). Thus, approximately 50% of the normal variance in bicarbonate concentration is explained simply by the variance in Pco 2 . The joint confidence region for bicarbonate concentration and Pco 2 that can be derived from these data provides a new and more rigorous definition of normal acid-base equilibrium in man. Une redefinition de l'equilibre acide-base normal chez l'homme: La pression partielle de carbon dioxide est un determinant essentiel de bicarbonate du plasma normal. Il a ete montre recemment que l'equilibre acide-base normal du chien est caracterise par une forte correlation positive entre la concentration plasmatique de bicarbonate et la Pco 2 . Ce travail a pour but d'etudier la possibilite d'une relation semblable chez l'homme. Les resultats indiquent que les concentrations de bicarbonate dans l'intervalle des valeurs normales sont hautement dependantes de la Pco 2 ([HCO - 3 ] = 0,36 Pavco 2 + 10,4; r=0,73). Ainsi, environ 50% de la variance normale de la concentration de bicarbonate sont expliques par la variance de Pco 2 . La zone de confiance commune pour la concentration de bicarbonate et la Pco 2 qui peut etre deduite de ces resultats apporte une definition nouvelle et plus rigoureuse de l'equilibre acide-base chez l'homme.
Water-cover influences on diatom ingestion rates by meiobenthic copepods

Laboratory experiments on meiobenthic copepods using 14C-diatoms were conducted to investigate whether: (1) feeding rates or (2) food sources (planktonically-suspended foods or benthic sebment-associated foods) vary in response to the presence or absence of water-cover (i.e. simulated High-water vs Low-water conditions). Three a during Low-water (LW), feeding is greatly reduced. These feeding patterns are related to its burrow-dwehng and to its subhdal habitat. Cletocarnptus dejtersi remains virtually unaffected by changes in ambient water-cover, feedlng at nearly equal rates during HW and LW conditions but always tending to consume more benthic diatoms. Microarthridion httorale consumes food at nearly equal rates during HW and LW conditions, but does so by shifting its feeding mode. Dunng HW-times it makes excursions into the water column, feeding on planktonicallysuspended foods. During LW-times it feeds benthically, moving over the sediment surface. Such feeding differences must affect meso-scale distributions of meiobenthos in the field, total benthic consumpuon and energy-flow estimates over a tidal-cycle, and the coupling of benthic and pelagic systems.
A Chance Constrained Goal Programming Model for Working Capital Management

(1977). A Chance Constrained Goal Programming Model for Working Capital Management. The Engineering Economist: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 153-174.
Image fusion algorithm assessment using measures of complementary and redundant information

Often various amounts of complementary information exist when imagery of the same scene is captured in different spectral bands. Image fusion should merge the available information within the source images into a single fused image that contains more relevant information compared to any single source image. The benefits of image fusion are more readily seen when the source images contain complementary information. Intuitively complementary information allows for measurable improvements in human task performance. However, quantifying the effect complementary information has on fusion algorithms remains open research. The goal of this study is to quantify the effect of complementary information on image fusion algorithm performance. Algorithm performance is assessed using a new performance metric, based on mutual information. Human perception experiments are conducted using controlled amounts of complementary information as input to a simple fusion process. This establishes the relationship between complementary information and task performance. The results of this study suggest a correlation exists between the proposed metric and identification task performance.
Early intervention in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a case presentation

Early intervention for managing the communication problems of a woman with ALS is described. Unique features of this intervention include the multiple approaches which were used as her motor speech problems became more severe and the “light tech” approaches used to meet her communication needs during the early course of her disorder.
Influence of Cocaine, Ethanol, or Their Combination on Epicardial Coronary Arterial Dimensions in Humans

Background: Cocaine and ethanol are often abused concomitantly, and this combination may be more lethal than either substance alone. Although previous studies showed that cocaine causes coronary arterial vasoconstriction, the combined effect of cocaine and ethanol on the coronary vasculature in humans is unknown. Thus, we assessed the effects of intranasal cocaine, intravenous ethanol, or a cocaine-ethanol combination on heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, and coronary arterial dimensions in humans. Methods: Thirty-four subjects with chest pain (27 men and seven women, aged 34 to 67 years) who were referred for catheterization received one of the following pharmacologic interventions: (1) intranasal (2 mL) and intravenous (5 mL/kg) saline (n=8 [group A]); (2) intranasal cocaine (2 mg/kg) and intravenous saline (5 mL/ kg) (n=9 [group B]); (3) intranasal saline (2 mL) and intravenous 10% ethanol (5 mL/kg) (n=9 [group C]); or (4) intranasal cocaine (2 mg/kg) and intravenous 10% ethanol (5 mL/kg) (n=8 [group D]). Heart rate, systemic arterial pressure, left coronary arterial dimensions (by computer-assisted quantitative angiography), as well as blood cocaine, ethanol, and cocaine metabolite concentrations were measured before and 30,60, and 90 minutes after initiation of the intravenous infusions. Results: No hemodynamic or angiographic changes were observed in the group A (saline) subjects. In the group B (cocaine) subjects, the heart rate—systolic arterial pressure product increased by 5% and 10% at 30 and 90 minutes, respectively, and coronary arterial diameter decreased by 14% at these times. In the group C (ethanol) subjects, no hemodynamic changes were noted, but coronary arterial diameters increased by 12%, 11%, and 12% at 30, 60, and 90 minutes, respectively. In the group D (cocaine-ethanol) patients, rate-pressure product increased by 17%, 10%, and 16%, and coronary arterial diameters increased by 7%, 12%, and 13%, at 30, 60, and 90 minutes, respectively. Conclusion: The combination of intranasal cocaine and intravenous ethanol causes an increase in the determinants of myocardial oxygen demand. However, it also causes a concomitant increase in epicardial coronary arterial diameter. (Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:1186-1191)
Locating an oscillating magnetic dipole in the earth

The merits of a horizontal magnetic dipole in a source-location scheme are considered. The results have possible applications in locating trapped miners following disasters.
Magnetic resonance imaging tracking of stem cells in vivo using iron oxide nanoparticles as a tool for the advancement of clinical regenerative medicine.

National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States, Department of General, Organic, and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau, 19, B-7000 Mons, Belgium, Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588, Iran, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, No 155, Sec. 2, LiNong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Nanotechnology Toxicology Consulting & Training, Inc., Nova Scotia, Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie Medical School, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology (INSAT), University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7ER, U.K., Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Noise exposure-induced audiogenic seizure susceptibility in Sprague-Dawley rats

Parameters were evaluated for the optimum induction of audiogenic seizure susceptibility in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by noise exposure. The effect of maturation on this susceptibility was also examined. It was found that SD rats are most inducible between neonatal days 13 and 15 and that susceptibility requires a minimum of 2 days to develop. Noise exposure on day 14 results in universal susceptibility by day 20, but seizure severity is not maximal until days 32-36. Although susceptibility persists at high levels into adulthood, seizures in older rats revert to the wild-running-only type. Seizure latency (from stimulus onset to onset of wild running) becomes increasingly shorter during the prepubescent period (days 16-24) but is stable at older ages. The mean shortness of latency in adult seizures depends somewhat on the age when initial noise exposure occurred; day-14 noise exposures result in seizures with shortest latencies. Ontogenetic comparisons were made of susceptibility in these noise exposure-induced rats, genetically epilepsy prone rats (GEPRs, which are SD substrains)29 and noise exposure-induced Wistar (WI) rats28. It appears that epileptogenesis begins at virtually the same age in all four groups of rats but that considerable differences characterize the absolute severity of seizures and the age dependence of maximum seizure severity among the strains.
Mechanism of cGMP control in retinal rod outer segments

Abstract Rapid progress has been made in understanding the important roles of intramembrane lateral diffusion, GTP-binding, protein-protein interaction and receptor phosphorylation in amplified PDE activation and cGMP control in retinal rod outer segments. At each investigative turn, there are close mechanistic similarities to GTP-dependent hormonal activation of adenylate cyclase and in many cases, published studies of the latter have guided work on the visual system. The abundance of controller proteins and ready applicability of quantitative methods such as spectroscopy, peripheral membrane protein elution, optical and pH kinetic recording have produced an advanced dynamic picture of how the four major integral and peripheral membrane proteins of RDM interact to rapidly control cyclic nucleotide levels.
Teaching statistics by taking advantage of the laptop's ubiquity

This chapter reports on a mathematics professor's experience leveraging laptops in a required intermediate statistics course with a challenging student population. Use of laptops streamlined course delivery, enhanced classroom interaction, and improved both his students' and his own overall course experience.
OC169: Asymptomatic women with amniotic fluid ‘sludge’ in the mid‐trimester are at increased risk for spontaneous preterm delivery and intra‐amniotic infection

Results: 119 parovarian cysts, 120 simple ovarian cysts (3 patients bilateral), 124 fluid collection and 338 endometriomas (36 patients bilateral) had been aspirated and in which 694 masses sclerosed with absolute alchohol. 7 masses had not conducted sclerotherapy due to the needles emergence, pain and baby-carrying. 11 patients received 2nd aspirations.2 patients received 3rd or 4th aspirations. During follow-up there were 6 recurrence of fluid collection. The side-effects of this procedure included pain (8.7%), infection (1 case) and collapse (3 cases). Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided aspiration and sclerotherapy of cystic pelvic masses is a minimally invasive, simple, safe procedure.
Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of methoxy and formate on Cu(110) surfaces resulting from reactions with methyl formate, methanol, and formic acid

Abstract We have used scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to examine Cu(110)-(2×1)O surfaces that have been exposed to methyl formate. Previous work has shown that when Cu(110) surfaces are exposed to methyl formate (CH 3 OCHO), this results in the presence of adsorbed methoxy (CH 3 O) and formate (HCOO). Using images of methoxy and formate structures on Cu(110) surfaces arising from reactions involving methanol (CH 3 OH) and formic acid (HCOOH) as guidelines, we have interpreted our images of Cu(110) surfaces after exposure to methyl formate. Our studies show that the reaction of methyl formate with both the clean and the completely oxygen terminated (2×1) surface is negligible. When (2×1)O islands are present on the surface, following exposure to methyl formate, we have observed a reduction of the lengths of the (2×1)O rows suggesting that reactions occur at the ends of the (2×1)O rows. We also have observed the appearance of (5×2) islands which we attribute to a structure containing equal numbers of methoxy and formate molecules. At room temperature, these structures disappear from the surface with time, owing to the decomposition of methoxy. Subsequent oxygen exposures trap the remaining formate molecules into structures which can be imaged by STM. We have also obtained insight into the formate-induced restructuring of step edges and reasons as to why the (2×1)O row ends are active sites during chemical reactions.
Variable S-phase duration in Vicia faba root meristem cells

Abstract Autoradiography, using single and double labeling, was utilized to determine the range of S-phase durations in Vicia faba root meristem cells. Minimum and maximum S-phase durations were estimated to be 4.5 and 21.5 hr respectively, approximately a five-fold range. This range is similar to the range in G2 durations previously reported and suggests that variable rates of progression are characteristic of the entire cell cycle rather than of G1 and G2 only.
Association of hypothyroidism with low-level arsenic exposure in rural West Texas

It has been reported recently that a higher airborne arsenic level was correlated with higher urinary arsenic concentration and lower serum thyroxin level among urban policemen and rural highway workmen in Italy. The current study was to determine whether exposure to low-level arsenic groundwater (2–22 µg/L) is associated with hypothyroidism among 723 participants (118 male and 267 female Hispanics; 108 male and 230 female non-Hispanic whites, NHW) living in rural West Texas counties. Arsenic and iodine levels in their groundwater used for drinking and or cooking were estimated by the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation technique. Groundwater arsenic was ≥8 µg/L in 36% of the subjects' wells while iodine concentration was <1 µg/L in 91% of their wells. Logistic regression analysis showed that arsenic in groundwater ≥8 µg/L and cumulative arsenic exposure (groundwater arsenic concentration multiplied by the number of years living in the current address) but not groundwater iodine concentration were significant predictors for hypothyroidism among Hispanics (p<0.05) but not NHW after adjusting for covariates such as age, gender, annual household income and health insurance coverage. The ethnic difference may be due to a marginally higher percentage of Hispanics (p=0.0622) who lived in areas with groundwater arsenic ≥8 µg/Lmore » compared with NHW. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was significantly higher in Hispanics or NHW of this rural cohort than the national prevalence. Measures should be taken to reduce arsenic in drinking water in order to prevent hypothyroidism in rural areas. - Highlights: • We determined if arsenic exposure is associated with hypothyroidism in rural Texas. • Groundwater arsenic level is associated with hypothyroidism among Hispanics only. • The rate of hypothyroidism in rural Texas was higher than the US general population.« less
Insight into the Secondary Structure of Non-native Proteins Bound to a Molecular Chaperone α-Crystallin AN ISOTOPE-EDITED INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY

alpha-Crystallin, the major lens protein, acts as a molecular chaperone by preventing the aggregation of proteins damaged by heat and other stress conditions. To characterize the backbone conformation of protein folding intermediates that are recognized by the chaperone, we prepared the uniformly (13)C-labeled alphaA-crystallin. The labeling greatly reduced the overlapping between the conformation-sensitive amide I bands of alpha-crystallin and unlabeled substrate proteins. This procedure has allowed us to gain insight into the secondary structure of alpha-crystallin-bound species, an understanding which has previously been unattainable. Analysis of the infrared spectra of two substrate proteins (gamma- and beta(L)-crystallins) indicates that heat-destabilized conformers captured by alpha-crystallin are characterized by a high proportion of native-like secondary structure. In contrast to the chaperone-bound species, the same proteins subjected to heat treatment in the absence of alpha-crystallin preserve very little native secondary structure. These data show that alpha-crystallin specifically recognizes very early intermediates on the denaturation pathway of proteins. These aggregation-prone species are characterized by native-like secondary structure but compromised tertiary interactions. The experimental approach described in this study can be further applied to probe the backbone conformation of proteins bound to chaperones other than alpha-crystallin.
Structural line-of-sight jitter analysis for MLCD

A central aspect in the design of the Mars lasercom terminal was limiting the line-of-sight jitter of the optical payload due to translational and angular dynamic excitation from the host spacecraft. Line-of-sight jitter analyses were performed on the Mars terminal payload that accounted for the passive and active stabilization systems, the elastic response of the payload, and the detailed elastic characteristics of the isolator. The line-of- jitter was significantly impacted by the coupling between the local dynamic response of the isolator main spring and the payload structure. Critical modes of the payload are identified and the impact of the isolator main spring surge mode is discussed along with mitigation strategies using models correlated to vibration test data.
Further Comment on “Ser” and “Estar” With Predicate Adjectives

Author's Summary— The new principles for distinguishing the Spanish copulative verbs through speaker's subjective concept are born of sound linguistic analysis, but they need further refining to function serviceably as classroom guides to usage.
1130 HbA1 c AND NEWBORN SKINFOLD THICKNESS: REFLECTION OF MATERNAL DIABETIC CONTROL

Recent studies have shown a correlation between the size of offspring and levels of glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) in gestational diabetes, and levels of HbA1c have been shown to reflect the degree of diabetic control. Newborn skinfold thickness (ST) also has been shown to reflect maternal diabetic control, showing a significant correlation with maternal fasting blood glucose values during the last trimester of pregnancy. To determine if maternal HbA1c levels also correlate with ST of the offspring, 50 maternal/infant pairs were analyzed. Maternal HbA1c levels were determined within one week prior to delivery. ST of the offspring was measured and compared to reference means for gestational ages 35-40 weeks. In only 1 of 14 instances was ST found to be in the normal range when maternal HbA1c was elevated. In 13 pairs both maternal HbA1c and ST of the offspring were elevated. In an additional 13 pairs, elevation of ST was associated with a normal maternal HbA1c When these two groups with contrasting levels of HbA1c were compared utilizing the ratio ST/birthweight(BW) a difference was found; in those mothers with increased HbA1c ST/BW was significantly higher than for infants of mothers with normal HbA1c (p<.001). HbA1c levels reflect the status of diabetic control. Offspring of pregnant diabetics whose HbA1c levels are elevated are significantly fatter than those of diabetic women with normal HbA1c.
The elements of marine life

Today, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen and phosphorus in marine organic matter is relatively constant. But this ratio probably varied during the Earth's history as a consequence of changes in the phytoplankton community and ocean oxygen levels.
Retrospective Comparison of Surgical Ligation and Transarterial Catheter Occlusion for Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Two Hundred and Four Dogs (1993–2003)

Objective— To compare procedure time, complications, mortality, and short-term outcome in dogs with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) treated by surgical ligation (SL) or transarterial coil occlusion (TCO). Study Design— Retrospective study. Animals— Dogs with PDA (n=204). Methods— Medical records of dogs treated for PDA were reviewed. Dogs treated by SL when it was the primary method used for PDA treatment (1993–1998) were compared with dogs treated by TCO when it was the primary method used for PDA treatment (1999–2003). Dogs treated during the transition between techniques, dogs treated with SL (1999–2003) and dogs treated with TCO before 1999, as well as dogs with pulmonary hypertension, or bidirectional or reversed (right-to-left) flow through the PDA were excluded from analysis. Results— Age, weight, gender distribution, and procedure times (P=.43) were similar for both groups. Major complications were more common with SL (12% versus 4.3%; P=.035) whereas minor complications were more common with TCO (12% versus 26%; P=.015). Initial success rate was higher for SL (94%) compared with TCO (84%; P=.027). There was no significant difference in mortality between SL (5.6%) and TCO (2.6%; P=.27). Conclusions— Both SL and TCO are acceptable PDA treatments with comparable mortality; however, SL was associated with a higher risk of major complications and TCO was associated with a lower initial success rate.
Fever in the clinical diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis

Acute pyelonephritis is a clinical syndrome that can be confused with other conditions. To investigate this problem, a retrospective cohort study was conducted using two mutually exclusive sets of clinical criteria for acute pyelonephritis in women 15 years of age or older who presented to the emergency department of a university hospital. All patients had pyuria, and one group had documented fever (temperature of > or = 37.8 degrees C) while the other group had a temperature of < 37.8 degrees C but had other evidence of possible upper tract infection. The study cohort was comprised of 103 febrile and 201 afebrile patients. Afebrile hospitalized patients were ultimately found to have another diagnosis more often than were the febrile hospitalized patients (35% v 7%; P = .02), and the afebrile nonhospitalized patients were more likely to have another diagnosis than were the febrile nonhospitalized patients (13% v 0%; P = .004). Other diagnoses included cholecystitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and diverticulitis. The positive predictive value of the definition of pyelonephritis in the febrile group was 0.98, and it was 0.84 for the afebrile group. Physicians examining patients with clinical evidence of acute pyelonephritis but without objective fever should be alert for alternative diagnoses.
Teaching Independently Living Older Adults About Managing Their Medications

This study explored how to increase older adults' knowledge of their prescribed medications. Twenty independently living clients of a university nursing center volunteered to participate. The research design was pretest, intervention, and posttest. Results of a paired t-test between pretest and posttest were significant at the .05 level. Nurses can use the results of this study to plan patient teaching for older adult clients.
The effect of neutral molecule vibrational energy content in molecular H2+-H2 charge-transfer reactions

The cross sections for H2+-H2 charge-transfer reactions of vibrationally excited neutral target molecules have been computed as a function of kinetic energy using a multistate impact parameter treatment. The cross sections involving vibrationally excited neutrals are significantly larger than those involving ground state reactants.