cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multidimensional approach to syntactic pattern recognition

Abstract This paper describes a syntactic method for representing the primitive parts of a pattern as nodes of a type of directed graph. A linear representation of the digraph can then be presented to a regular unordered tree automaton for classification. Regular unordered tree automata can be simulated by deterministic pushdown automata, so this procedure can be implemented easily. Regular u -tree automata and the corresponding generative systems, regular u -tree grammars are formally defined. Several results are shown which are applicable to all syntactic pattern recognition schemes involving the use of primitives.
Efficiency and Incentives in Residential Brokerage

The literature on broker intermediation in residential real estate has shown positive pricing effects associated with the use of a broker and mixed results as far as the pricing effects of nonstandard commission structures. On the premise that real estate broker incentives emanate from two primary sources, factors that increase broker operating efficiency and negotiable features arising from the relationship between the listing broker and the seller, this study assesses the degree to which these incentives affect the marketing time, probability of sale, and selling price of single-family houses. Of particular interest, this study investigates efficiency and broker intermediation effects on residential property associated with a broker concentrating his listings into a service area. Empirical results show that properties within an individual broker’s GIS-determined service area are more likely to sell, sell faster, and sell with an associated price premium. These effects are more concentrated in the market for higher priced homes. Also, additional compensation favorably motivates the broker with higher-priced properties, but has no effect on the sale of lower-priced properties.
Aversive conditioning in a model -mimic system

Abstract When a complement of vertebrate predators was exposed in an experimental field situation to a Batesian mimicry system involving the tenebrionid beetle Eleodes longicollis as the noxious model, and the cerambycid beetle, Moneilema appressum as the edible mimic, the predator complement quickly became conditioned to avoid both models and mimics. Meanwhile, predation on familiar prey (the scarab beetle Polyphilla decemlineata) remained high, indicating that the experimental design did not prevent the predators from eating acceptable prey. Models and mimics were individually placed at risk in plastic buckets in a proportion of six: one; approximately the same proportions that they are found in the field. The model-mimic system was initially sampled by the predators at a relatively high rate, but sampling dropped off within 4 days of exposure of the models and mimics to predation risk. By day 4 of the experiments, sampling had ceased. During the sampling period, models and mimics were eaten in the same proportions as they occurred in the field, suggesting that the predators did not discriminate between the edible mimic and the noxious model. These results suggest that the selective advantage of mimicry may be very high if the model is noxious enough and the predator complement is not able to distinguish between the model and the mimic.
Prognostic significance of histologically detected lymph node micrometastases of sizes between 0.2 and 2 mm in colorectal cancer

Purpose Minimal lymph node involvement is a potential prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. The International Union Against Cancer defined tumour deposits between 0.2 and 2 mm as micrometastases and clusters and single-cell infiltrations below this cutoff as isolated tumour cells. Nevertheless, only a minority of studies discriminated metastatic involvements according to this definition.
Two bioactive mono-tetrahydrofuran acetogenins, annoglacins A and B, from Annona glabra

Two new bioactive mono-THF Annonaceous acetogenins, annoglacins A and B, have been isolated from the fractionated ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Annona glabra, directing the fractionation with the brine shrimp lethality test (BST). Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic and chemical methods and the absolute stereochemistries were determined by the advanced Mosher ester method. Annoglacins A and B were selectively 1000 and 10,000 times, respectively, more potent than adriamycin against the human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and pancreatic carcinoma (PACA-2) cell lines in our panel of six human solid tumor cell lines.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) permits in vivo determination of biochemical parameters within brain tissue, utilizing the same magnetic resonance (MR) scanner and head coil that are utilized for conventional MR imaging. This technology has been evolving and improving over the past decade, with most of the current published work based on the measurement of rather large single voxels, utilizing variable echo times, aimed at characterizing changes in brain tumors, demyelinating diseases, abscesses, and metabolic diseases. Future work will utilize multiplevoxel techniques so that volumes of tissue can be examined with smaller voxels in reasonable acquisition times, providing a greater understanding of the metabolite composition of the brain, especially as more and more metabolites are identified within the spectra.
Induction of hyperlipidemia by human thyroid stimulating hormone immunization in rabbits.

In our study we are able to demonstrate that with TSH booster and bleeding animals 10–20 days post immunization, when rabbits have increased in antibody titer, there is an increase in cholesterol and triglyceride. These findings are suggestive that most probably we are rendering these rabbits hypothyroid.
TV Writing and the Creative Writing Workshop Shaping Practice across Disciplinary Boundaries

This essay argues that creative writing and mass media programs have much to learn from each other. In its use of roundtable writing and serialized storylines that parallel 19th century literature, prime-time television writing is a natural fit for programs that intertwine creative writing workshops with the study of literature; institution within the curriculum is urged. Mass media programs – while perhaps already offering TV writing – can bolster this subject through the incorporation of creative writing workshop traditions.
Computer modeling and analysis of veiling glare and stray light in Fresnel lens optical system

Veiling glare occurs in an imaging system when non-image forming flux strikes the focal surface. This light tends to reduce image contrast and can be caused by surface defects, dust, or anything else that might cause light to deviate from its intended imaging path. Fresnel lenses contain many such non-image forming structures as a result of their faceted and discontinuous nature. Sample optical systems for an extensive air shower observatory have been designed that consist of multiple Fresnel lenses. Veiling glare is expected to be significant in these systems, and it is desired to quantify its extent and ramifications. To this end, a series of test has been performed on the Fresnel lens systems using non-imaging optical analysis software . A method for obtaining veiling glare information efficiently has been developed based upon the manner in which it is measured in real optical systems. By using computer software, the effects that several different parameters have on the veiling glare are analyzed independently without the use of expensive prototypes. It is shown that the amount of veiling glare is highly dependent upon the system configuration and that generalized conclusions regarding veiling glare and the number of Fresnel surface sin a system are not possible. The analysis methods developed here, however, can be used to efficiently analyze the stray light in any system.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanosized Ceria Powders and High-Concentration Ceria Sols

Nanoscale, high surface area cerium oxide (ceria) powders and stable, high-concentration (>1 M) ceria sols were prepared by a new method based on homogeneous precipitation in an acidic environment using cerium(IV) nitrate as the precursor. The results are compared with ceria powders and sols prepared by a hydrothermal method in a basic environment with cerium(III) nitrate as the precursor. Hydrolysis and condensation of the cerium(IV) and cerium(III) nitrates yield the ceria precursor precipitates with molecular formula of CeO2·2H2O [or Ce(OH)4] and CeO2·H2O [or Ce(OH)2O], respectively. The dried ceria precursor powders from Ce(IV) and Ce(III) are well dispersed in the form of primary particles of about 4 nm in size. Calcination at 450 °C causes phase transformation of the amorphous portion accompanying growth of the Ce(IV)-derived ceria crystallite or aggregation of the Ce(III)-derived ceria particles. The Ce(III)-derived ceria crystallites have a smaller lattice parameter than the Ce(IV)-derived sample ...
Estradiol-Induced Increase in the Magnitude of Long-Term Potentiation Is Prevented by Blocking NR2B-Containing Receptors

Estradiol, through activation of genomic estrogen receptors, induces changes in synaptic morphology and function in hippocampus, a brain region important for memory acquisition. Specifically, this hormone increases CA1 pyramidal cell dendritic spine density, NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated transmission, and the magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA3–CA1 synapses. We recently reported that the estradiol-induced increase in LTP magnitude occurs only when there is a simultaneous increase in the fractional contribution of NMDAR-mediated transmission relative to AMPA receptor transmission, suggesting a direct role for the increase in NMDAR transmission to the heightened LTP magnitude. Estradiol has been shown to increase expression of the NMDAR subunit NR2B, but whether this translates into an increase in function of NR2B-containing receptors remains to be determined. Here we show that not only is the estradiol-induced increase in NMDAR transmission mediated by NR2B-containing receptors, but blocking these receptors using RO25-6981 [ R -( R , S )-α-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-β-methyl-4-(phenylmethyl)-1-piperidine propranol] (0.5 μm), an NR2B selective antagonist, prevents the estradiol-induced increase in LTP magnitude. Thus, our data show a causal link between the estradiol-induced increase in transmission mediated by NR2B-containing NMDARs and the increase in LTP magnitude.
Approximating the distribution function of risk

We consider the multiplicative risk function, [email protected]?"i"="1^px"i^a^"^i, where x"i's are positive random variables, independent but not identically distributed. We discuss and compare the simulated distribution of S"p=ln(R) with several asymptotic approximations. We discuss the shortcomings of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, normal approximation, and Edgeworth expansion, and use the saddlepoint approximation to compute the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of S"p. An Edgeworth expansion and a saddlepoint approximation for the independent, but not identically distributed random variables is discussed. The accuracies of the above approximations are illustrated for computing the CDF of a hazard index for specified chemicals in consumed fish. An application considers replacement of estimated CDF in the inner loop of a two-dimensional MC strategy to study variability and uncertainty with a saddlepoint approximation.
Assessment of a gravity-based approach to constructing future spatial population scenarios

Spatially explicit projections of global population are of growing importance in scenario-based assessment of anthropogenic climate change and climate related vulnerability. However, to date there are very few spatially explicit projections of the future distribution of global population, and methods for producing such projections are in their infancy. One of the most sophisticated methods currently available, developed as part of the Greenhouse Gas Initiative at the IIASA (Grubler et al. in Technol Forecast Soc Change 74(7):980–1029, 2007), uses the gravity-based population potential model to produce scenario dependent projections. Population potential is widely used as a descriptive tool and in models of spatial allocation. While it is attractive through its simplicity and ability to summarize complex patterns, the population potential model suffers from several well documented problems. This paper provides an assessment of population potential as a tool for constructing future spatial population scenarios, particularly within the context of the pitfalls associated with the model. Despite improvements over other existing methods, it was found that the model is capable of producing only a narrow range of spatial outcomes, is subject to border effects, is restrictive in its handling of urban and rural population dynamics, and will in most cases misallocate population loss. The potential-allocation approach to producing large-scale spatial population scenarios is promising, but several methodological modifications are necessary to address the model’s shortcomings.
Respiratory motor function in seated and supine positions in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury

This case-controlled clinical study was undertaken to investigate to what extent pulmonary function in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) is affected by posture. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) and maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax) were obtained from 27 individuals with chronic motor-complete (n=13, complete group) and motor-incomplete (n=14, incomplete group) C2-T12 SCI in both seated and supine positions. Seated-to-supine changes in spirometrical (FVC and FEV1) and airway pressure (PImax and PEmax) outcome measures had different dynamics when compared in complete and incomplete groups. Patients with motor-complete SCI had tendency to increase spirometrical outcomes in supine position showing significant increase in FVC (p=.007), whereas patients in incomplete group exhibited decrease in these values with significant decreases in FEV1 (p=.002). At the same time, the airway pressure values were decreased in supine position in both groups with significant decrease in PEmax (p=.031) in complete group and significant decrease in PImax (p=.042) in incomplete group. In addition, seated-to-supine percent change of PImax was strongly correlated with neurological level of motor-complete SCI (ρ=-.77, p=.002). These results indicate that postural effects on respiratory performance in patients with SCI can depend on severity and neurological level of SCI, and that these effects differ depending on respiratory tasks. Further studies with adequate sample size are needed to investigate these effects in clinically specific groups and to study the mechanisms of such effects on specific respiratory outcome measures.
Daily variations in the effects of handling on fat storage and testicular weights in several vertebrates

Handling disturbances alone repeated daily for ten days caused marked changes in the fat stores of a fish, Fundulus chrysotus, a lizard, Anolis carolinensis, a quail, Coturnix c. japonica, and a mouse, Mus musculus. Repeated handling also caused changes in the weights of the male reproductive organs in the lizard and mouse. Whether the effects of handling were stimulatory, inhibitory, or of no effect depended on the time of the disturbance with respect to a daily 16-hour photoperiod. The results should serve as a warning to investigators in many areas in which experimental subjects are handled in one way or another at the same time each day.
College students' attributions for performance on cooperative tasks

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine students' performance attributions for cooperative group assignments in a natural classroom setting. Three aspects of attributions were examined: (a) causal attributions made for performance outcomes on group projects, (b) perceptions of the underlying dimensions of causality, stability, and controllability of these attributions, and (c) the relationships among performance outcomes, attributional dimensions, and attributional consequences. The most typical attributions used for performance on the group assignment were effort, group strategy, group dynamics, situational factors, understanding of the task, motivation/attitude, nature of the task, and ability/prior knowledge. A factor analysis supported the dimensions of locus of causality, stability, and controllability for these attributions. As predicted by attribution theory, locus of causality was related to affective reactions and stability was related to expectancy for future success. The expected relationships for controllability were not found.
Presidential Address: Let Us Rekindle the Passion by Constructing A Robust Science of the Social

(1995). Presidential Address: Let Us Rekindle the Passion by Constructing A Robust Science of the Social. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 1-14.
How useful is energy balance as a overall index of stress in animals

Drs. McKewen and Wingfield present a valuable set of messages regarding the concept of stress in physiology. For far too long and much too frequently, as they make clear, the term “stress” has been used in confusing and ambiguous fashions. The conceptual framework subsuming allostasis has the potential to avoid such problems and allow animal function to be analyzed in a more sophisticated and useful manner. I detect, however, a significant conceptual weakness in the reliance their paper places upon the balance between energy expenditure and intake as a determinant or index of “stress” or allostatic load. Although the authors recognize that this is an oversimplified case, I am concerned that this use may amplify the unfortunately common tendency to take an unrefined view of the balance between energy intake and output as an index of primary biological importance. Such an approach to stress physiology and animal energetics has several large-scale problems, including the following.
The Association of Lipid Abnormalities With Tissue Pathology in Human Osteoarthritic Articular Cartilage

Articular cartilage is one of very few body tissues uniquely characterized as having substantial stores of lipid deposits. Lipid droplets are naturally accumulated by chondrocytes and individual fatty acids have been shown to have protective as well as deleterious effects on cartilage degradation in animal models of degenerative joint disease. As a means to better assess the role of lipids in human joint pathology, a comparative analysis of fatty acids was undertaken in small segments of osteoarthritic articular cartilage. The data were assessed in terms of chondrocyte synthetic activity and histological determination of disease severity. The distribution profile of individual fatty acids in normal and osteoarthritic specimens remained constant, with palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids representing 85% of the total fatty acids. In contrast, levels of total fatty acids were markedly increased in association with increasing degree of lesion severity. Compared with tissue from normal-aged joints, grade 0 to 1 mild lesions had elevated levels of total fatty acids, essential fatty acids, and chondrocyte synthetic activity of 80%, 312%, and 393%, respectively. More severe tissue involvement (grade 6 to 9), was associated with even greater increases of 440%, 1,100%, and 1,150%, respectively. No change was noted in cholesterol content in any tissue. The accumulation of arachidonic acid was greater than the proportional increase in total fatty acid content and was primarily distributed into the neutral lipid fraction, where it constituted almost 62% of the fatty acid level in tissues of moderate lesion severity. There was an association of lipid accumulation in general and arachidonic acid in particular with histological severity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Measurements of the velocity-field characteristic in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures

AlGaN/GaN test structures, with an etched constriction have been fabricated and tested with, and without, a gate. A pulsed voltage input with a 200 ns pulse width and a four-point measurement were used in a 50 Ω environment to determine the room temperature velocity-field characteristic of the structures. A low field mobility of 250 cm2/V s and an estimated electron velocity of ∼ 2 × 107 cm/s was attained at a field of 180 kV/cm.
Parent-Reported Family Functioning Among Children With Cleft Lip/Palate.

Objective: To examine family functioning related to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in youth with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Design: Cross-sectional, multi-site investigation. Setting: Six U.S. cleft centers. Patients/Participants: A diverse sample of 1200 children with CL/P and their parents. Main Outcome Measure: Parents completed the Family Environment Scale (FES), which assesses three domains of family functioning: cohesion (or closeness), expressiveness (open expression of feelings), and conflict. Demographic and clinical characteristics were also assessed including race, ethnicity, type of insurance, and surgical recommendations. Results: The FES scores for families seeking team evaluations for their youth with CL/P (mean age = 11.6 years) fall within the average range compared with normative samples. Families receiving surgical recommendations for their youth also had FES scores in the average range, yet families of children recommended for functional surgery reported greater coh...
Rab11b regulates the apical recycling of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in polarized intestinal epithelial cells.

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP/PKA-activated anion channel, undergoes efficient apical recycling in polarized epithelia. The regulatory mechanisms underlying CFTR recycling are understood poorly, yet this process is required for proper channel copy number at the apical membrane, and it is defective in the common CFTR mutant, ΔF508. Herein, we investigated the function of Rab11 isoforms in regulating CFTR trafficking in T84 cells, a colonic epithelial line that expresses CFTR endogenously. Western blotting of immunoisolated Rab11a or Rab11b vesicles revealed localization of endogenous CFTR within both compartments. CFTR function assays performed on T84 cells expressing the Rab11a or Rab11b GDP-locked S25N mutants demonstrated that only the Rab11b mutant inhibited 80% of the cAMP-activated halide efflux and that only the constitutively active Rab11b-Q70L increased the rate constant for stimulated halide efflux. Similarly, RNAi knockdown of Rab11b, but not Rab11a, reduced by 50% the CFTR-mediated anion conductance response. In polarized T84 monolayers, adenoviral expression of Rab11b-S25N resulted in a 70% inhibition of forskolin-stimulated transepithelial anion secretion and a 50% decrease in apical membrane CFTR as assessed by cell surface biotinylation. Biotin protection assays revealed a robust inhibition of CFTR recycling in polarized T84 cells expressing Rab11b-S25N, demonstrating the selective requirement for the Rab11b isoform. This is the first report detailing apical CFTR recycling in a native expression system and to demonstrate that Rab11b regulates apical recycling in polarized epithelial cells.
Line-driven Winds, Ionizing Fluxes, and Ultraviolet Spectra of Hot Stars at Extremely Low Metallicity. I. Very Massive O Stars

Wind models of very massive stars with metallicities in a range from 10-4 to 1.0 solar are calculated using a new treatment of radiation-driven winds with depth-dependent radiative force multipliers and a comprehensive list of more than two million spectral lines in non-LTE (NLTE). The models are tested by a comparison with observed stellar wind properties of O stars in the Galaxy and the SMC. Satisfying agreement is found. The calculations yield mass-loss rates, wind velocities, wind momenta, and wind energies as functions of metallicity and can be used to discuss the influence of stellar winds on the evolution of very massive stars in the early universe and on the interstellar medium in the early phases of galaxy formation. It is shown that the normal scaling laws, which predict stellar mass-loss rates and wind momenta to decrease as a power law with metal abundance, break down at a certain threshold. Analytical fit formulae for mass-loss rates are provided as a function of stellar parameters and metallicity. Ionizing fluxes of hot stars depend crucially on the strengths of their stellar winds, which modify the absorption edges of hydrogen and helium (neutral and ionized) and the line blocking in the far-UV. The new wind models are therefore also applied to calculate ionizing fluxes and observable spectra of very massive stars as a function of metallicity using the new hydrodynamic, NLTE line-blanketed flux constant model atmosphere code developed by Pauldrach and coworkers. Numbers of ionizing photons for the crucial ionization stages are given. For a fixed effective temperature, the He II ionizing emergent flux depends very strongly on metallicity but also on stellar luminosity. A strong dependence on metallicity is also found for the C III, Ne II, and O II ionizing photons, whereas the H I and He I ionizing flux is almost independent of metallicity. We also calculate UV spectra for all the models and discuss the behavior of significant line features as a function of metallicity.
An alternate design paradigm for robust spin-torque transfer magnetic RAM (STT MRAM) from circuit/architecture perspective

Spin-Torque Transfer Magnetic RAM (STT MRAM) is a promising candidate for future embedded applications. It provides desirable memory attributes such as fast access time, low cost, high density and non-volatility. However, variations in process parameters can lead to a large number of cells to fail, severely affecting the yield of the memory array. In this paper, we provide a thorough analysis of the impact of design parameters on parametric failures due to process variations. To achieve high memory yield without incurring expensive technology modification, we developed an alternate design paradigm ---circuit/architecture co-design --- to take advantage of different levels of design hierarchy (circuit and architecture) to improve the yield and memory density. The technique decouples the conflicting design requirements for read stability/writability and density. Consequently, the memory cell failure probability reduces by 48% and cell area reduces by 21% with negligible performance degradation (~0.4%).
Transformational Teaching Experience of a Novice Teacher: A Narrative of an Award-Winning Teacher

This research investigates the transformational teaching experiences of a novice award-winning teacher. Data collection consisted primarily of interviews and observations. To support these methods, we utilized field notes and reflection journals to triangulate the data. To become a successful teacher, the teacher passed through transformational experiences of teaching challenges, preparation and organization skills, hard work and dedication, extracurricular activities, mentoring, and, most importantly, professional development
Infidelity to Realism

The decision to reprint The Principles of Mathematics after thirty-four years was a most fortunate one. The work has had a tremendous influence and should be available to all interested students of the subject. Here is a landmark in the history of thought which many persons have heard about but never seen, and now the new edition will place it before the public again. The importance of The Principles rests to some extent upon two of its points: it is the first comprehensive treatise on symbolic logic to be written in English; and it gives to that system of logic a realistic interpretation. It is with the second point chiefly that these remarks shall be concerned. Symbolic logic as a discipline is here to stay, whatever its philosophical interpretation; but the interpretation itself is still a doubtful question. Of course, the metaphysical interpretation of symbolic logic is not strictly a problem of logic, but lies on the borderline between logic and metaphysics. In all probability, it belongs to metaphysics, more particularly to the metaphysics of logic. But it is a most important topic for all that, and moreover constitutes a field in which much yet remains to be done.
Is Virology Dead

Mark Twain once remarked that the reports of his death were greatly exaggerated. So too, the death of virology. In certain quarters, it is now fashionable to declare the passing of virology. “Viruses are retro,” a faculty colleague once told me, deadly serious. We have heard this before. In 1967, the U.S. Surgeon General allegedly proclaimed, “The time has come to close the book on infectious disease. We have basically wiped out infection in the United States” (1). This was before the arrival of AIDS and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the discovery of hepatitis C virus, before the fear of an avian flu pandemic and bioterrorism. Virology was once held in high esteem. In the first half of the 20th century, plant viruses held center stage. Studies of mosaic disease of tobacco revealed the existence of a new class of infectious agents smaller than bacteria, and tobacco mosaic virus taught us that viruses could be crystallized, disassembled, and reassembled into an infectious form: “life” could be studied with chemical approaches (2, 3). In the 1950s and 1960s, viruses that infect bacteria played a central role in the biological sciences. They formed the basis of the Hershey-Chase experiment, the first widely accepted evidence that DNA is the genetic material (4). Bacteriophage also led to the discovery of mRNA and the triplet nature of the genetic code and played a leading role in the birth of molecular biology (5). The 1970s and 1980s were a golden age for animal virology. The small genomes of many animal viruses and the ease of introducing them into cells made them the model organisms of choice to study eukaryotic cells. mRNA splicing, transcriptional enhancers, oncogenes, tumor suppressor proteins, antiapoptotic proteins, cellular trafficking signals and pathways, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction, and much fundamental …
SELECTION OF MULE DEER BY MOUNTAIN LIONS AND COYOTES: EFFECTS OF HUNTING STYLE, BODY SIZE, AND REPRODUCTIVE STATUS

Abstract Predation on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) by mountain lions (Puma concolor) and coyotes (Canis latrans) was examined to test effects of hunting style and body size, and for mountain lions reproductive status, on selection of prey. Mountain lions, which hunt by stalking, selected ≤1-year-old mule deer as prey. Body condition of mule deer did not affect prey selection by coyotes or mountain lions, and both predators preyed upon females and older adult deer more often than expected based on the percentage of these groups in the population. Female mountain lions selected female deer, but male mountain lions did not. Female mountain lions without offspring, however, did not differ from male mountain lions in prey selection. Coyotes did not select for young deer. Female mountain lions with kittens were selective for young deer in late summer.
Radiation Dosimetry in 18F-FDG PET/CT

The number of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/computed tomography (CT) examinations that are performed is rapidly increasing. A total of 308,663 FDG PET and PET/CT examinations were performed in Korea in 2009 compared with 66 examinations conducted in 1994, when the first PET was installed (The Korean Society of Nuclear Medicine, Nuclear medicine procedures statistics over 48 years: year 2009, 2009). In the US, probably more than 1.5 million PET and PET/CT patient studies were performed per year in recent years.
Xenograft-like destruction of tumors and their conversion into vaccines by intratumoral injection of {alpha}-gal glycolipids

3074 Background: We describe a novel immunotherapy exploiting the natural anti-Gal antibody to destroy tumors and convert them into endogenous vaccines. Anti-Gal constitutes 1% of immunoglobulins i...
A Strange, Enigmatic Partial Manuscript

A bizarre partial manuscript, likely from Ramanujan’s very early teenage years, is examined.
Semantic Grounding in Dialogue for Complex Problem Solving

Dialogue systems that support users in complex problem solving must interpret user utterances within the context of a dynamically changing, user-created problem solving artifact. This paper presents a novel approach to semantic grounding of noun phrases within tutorial dialogue for computer programming. Our approach performs joint segmentation and labeling of the noun phrases to link them to attributes of entities within the problem-solving environment. Evaluation results on a corpus of tutorial dialogue for Java programming demonstrate that a Conditional Random Field model performs well, achieving an accuracy of 89.3% for linking semantic segments to the correct entity attributes. This work is a step toward enabling dialogue systems to support users in increasingly complex problem-solving tasks.
The Value of Life History Studies from the Viewpoint of Systematic Entomology

To properly know and place each insect, one must have an exact knowledge of its structure,—insect morphology; an understanding of the uses of these structures and the causes of their appearance,—insect physiology; an idea of the ways in which these have been modified through time,—insect phylogeny; how they are developed,—insect embryology and metamorphosis. Insect biology and insect morphology are of equal importance to the student of systematic entomology and this is illustrated in the growth, transformation, adaptation and sexual needs of certain species such as Papilio marcelus Cram., Cyllene robiniae (Forst.), Cyllene caryae Gahan, and in such genera as Malacosoma, Euphydras (Lepidoptera), and Colpeodes (Coleoptera).
Cutaneous presentation of Double Hit Lymphoma: A Case Report With Review of the Literature

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), representing approximately 25% of diagnosed NHL. DLBCL is heterogeneous disease both clinically and genetically. The 3 most common chromosomal translocations in DLBCL involve the oncogenes BCL2, BCL6, and MYC. Double hit (DH) DLBCL is an aggressive form in which MYC rearrangement is associated with either BCL2 or BCL6 rearrangement. Patients typically present with a rapidly growing mass, often with B symptoms. Extranodal disease is often present. Though there is a paucity of prospective trials in this subtype, double hit lymphoma (DHL) has been linked to very poor outcomes when patients are treated with standard R-CHOP. There is, therefore, a lack of consensus regarding the standard treatment for DHL. Several retrospective analyses have been conducted to help guide treatment of this disease. These suggest that DA EPOCH-R may be the most promising regimen and that achievement of complete resolution predicts better long-term outcomes.
English Language Learners and Kindergarten Entry Age: Achievement and Social-Emotional Effects.

ABSTRACTIn evaluating the role of kindergarten entry age, previous researchers have not examined the entry-age effects for English language learners (ELL). Additionally, little work has assessed the role of entry age on both achievement and social-emotional outcomes. This study is the first to do both simultaneously. The authors used data from a longitudinal study that followed a national sample of U.S. students from kindergarten through Grade 5. Relying on variation in children's birth dates and in states' kindergarten entrance age cutoffs, the authors estimated how differences in the age at which children enroll in kindergarten are related to their achievement and social-emotional outcomes. Our results show that enrolling in kindergarten as an older entrant is associated with significantly higher achievement and social-behavioral outcomes during the early elementary school years for ELL students, but that these effects largely disappear by the end of elementary school. Policy implications are addressed.
Analysis of ~(99)Tc~m-MIBI myocardial perfusion imaging in young patients with myocardial infarction

Objective To study the features of myocardial perfusion imaging in young patients with myocardial infarction Methods 42 young patients (aged 40 years) with myocardial infarction were included All patients underwent 99 Tc m MIBI myocardial perfusion SPECT and coronary angiography Results 26 patients had segmental myocardial perfusion defects, 12 patients had diminished segmental uptake of 99 Tc m MIBI, and the remaining 4 patients gave normal results Myocardial perfusion showed severely demaged myocardium in young patients with myocardial infarction though with normal coronary artery in angiographic workup Conclusion Myocardial perfusion imaging demonstrated that young patients with myocardial infarction could have extensive and severe myocardial damage
Analysis of the results of an outbreak of acute upper respiratory infection

Objective To analyze the cause of an outbreak of acute upper respiratory infection and provide basis for effectively controlling the disease. Methods The samples from 110 patient and 60 environment samples were detected in accordance with national standard concerned. Results IgM was detected from a patient serum, 10 Staphylococcus aureus strains and 3 haemolytic streptococcus strains were obtained through culturing and 3 Legionella spp trains were detected from the environment samples. Conclusion Based on laboratory results and clinical manifestations it is confirmed that this is an upper respiratory infection caused by microorganisms.
Basic concepts in biochemical antenatal diagnosis

SUMMARY The biochemical test for each inherited metabolic disorder is unique. Each is complex and requires considerable experience for proper interpretation. All have inherent pitfalls that can be exaggerated by improper test procedures or inadequate tissue samples. An accurate prenatal diagnosis depends on having a reliable assay, competently performed, using a well-prepared sample.
Calculating gamma-ray signatures from aged mixtures of heavy nuclides

We have created and distributed an open-source software package, RadSrc, that calculates the intrinsic gamma- ray spectrum from the nuclear decay of a mixture of radioisotopes. It implements the Bateman solution of the standard equations of radioactive-series growth and decay to determine isotope concentrations at a user selectable age and processes a database of decay energy lines to generate gamma-ray intensities from all decay chains. We provide an interactive program for studying complete spectra, a function library (callable from C, C++, and Fortran), and interfaces to popular Monte Carlo transport codes (MCNP, MCNPX, COG, and Geant4) so that the gamma rays can be sampled and tracked directly by the parent code. The RadSrc Suite can be downloaded from http://nuclear.llnl.gov/simulation.
Causes of Chromosome Breakage

In Chapter 9 the formation of aberrant chromosomes was discussed on a primitive level: chromosomes break, the broken ends join in various ways, and the resulting aberrations can be studied in the next metaphase. However, before this takes place, a series of mechanisms, many of them still unknown, have played a role in the process (Natarajan, 1984; Savage, 1990). The first event is a “lesion”, i.e., some sort of DNA damage, the nature of which depends on the agent involved. The DNA strand may break (ionizing radiations, ultraviolet light [UV], bleomycin), or one of the following aberrations may occur: formation of pyrimidine dimers (short-wave UV), base alkylation (alkylating agents), inter- and intrastrand crosslinkage (polyfunctional alkylating agents, psoralen, long-wave UV), and intercalation, an insertion of mutagen between base pairs in the double helix (acriflavine, proflavin, and others). Next, the lesions go through DNA synthesis, which may further affect their behavior. The lesions may undergo repair or misrepair by various repair systems (Natarajan, 1984). The frequency of visible breaks decreases through T2, since the majority of breaks eventually heal (Hittelman, 1990).
Collagenous sprue cross-sectional imaging: a comparative blinded study

Collagenous sprue (CS) is a rare enteropathy characterized by villous atrophy and a thickened subepithelial collagen band. The aim of this study is to describe the cross-sectional imaging findings of CS. A case–control, retrospective study with cases of all CS patients from January 2000 to 2015 was performed. Inclusion criteria were (1) Histopathologic diagnosis and (2) Imaging with computed tomography abdomen/pelvis (CT A/P), CT enterography (CTE), or magnetic resonance enterography within 6 months of small bowel (SB) biopsy. Control subjects were irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients who underwent CTE. Imaging studies were examined by two GI radiologists, blinded to patient data. 108 patients (54 CS; 54 IBS) were included. Mean age was 56.7 ± 16.5 years, and 68% were female (72% in CS group vs. 63% in IBS group; p = 0.3). CS patients were significantly older (67 ± 12 vs. 47 ± 15 year; p < 0.001) and more likely to be on angiotensin receptor blockers (41% vs. 6%; p < 0.001) as compared to the IBS group. Compared to IBS, CS patients were more likely to have mesenteric lymph node (LN) prominence (56% vs. 15%; p < 0.001), jejunoileal fold pattern reversal (46% vs. 6%; p < 0.001), SB dilation (28% vs. 0%; p < 0.001), SB conformational change (28% vs. 6%; p = 0.002), SB wall thickening (13% vs. 2%; p = 0.03), and ulcerative jejunoileitis (4% vs. 0%; p = 0.01). Radiologists suspected malabsorption in 72% in the CS group and 2% in the IBS group (p < 0.001). Imaging findings suggestive of mucosal malabsorption are commonly demonstrated in CS.
A discussion on the biology of the southern cold temperature zone - Ornithology and general zoogeography - Oceanic birds

Oceanic birds and the life zones to which many of them are restricted, either seasonally or at all periods of their lives, present us with a host of unsolved problems. It is easy to attribute the firm environmental control of the organisms to such vaguely stated factors as ‘climate’, ‘temperature’ or ‘food’. But in the current inexact state of our knowledge these terms elucidate little. We know too many instances in which our attempts at explanation fail to fit the whole picture. Since the situations as we find them result from a chain of interrelated forces, rather than from any single direct influence, it is evident that comprehension will depend upon a wealth of observation not yet available for any sea bird, much less for the entire oceanic avifauna. The needed data will involve analyses of stomach contents, a clear picture of the available ecologic niches for nutrition and reproduction, greater understanding of interspecific competition and of the precise tolerances of species to extremes of the physical environment, and, last but by no means least, a considerable extension of taxonomic studies.
Coloduodenovesical Fistula After Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplant: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Abstract Background Complicated diverticulitis after transplantation occurs in as many as 3.5% of cases and carries a 25% mortality rate. Diagnosis of complicated diverticulitis in this population can be challenging because of abnormal presentations caused by immunosuppression. Only 4 cases of fistulization after kidney transplantation are described in the literature; none occurred after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant. Methods We present a first case of a coloduodenovesical fistula in a patient 9 years after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant. The patient presented with intermittent episodes of elevated creatinine and recurrent urinary tract infection. The presence of fistula was strongly suspected in cystoscopy, but, despite extensive investigation, a fistula tract could not be identified. Results The patient ultimately underwent surgical exploration for positive cystoscopy examination, continuation of urinary complaints, and presence of multiple colonic diverticula in computed tomography scan. At surgical exploration, a fistula track was identified between the sigmoid colon and duodenal stump of the pancreas allograft. Subsequently, sigmoidectomy, bladder repair, and enteric conversion of the pancreas transplant were performed. Conclusions Complications of diverticulitis should be considered in organ transplant recipients presenting with recurrent urinary infection and elevated creatinine, and surgical exploration might be indicated even if unable to well-define the fistula tract.
Longitudinal personality change associated with cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis

We previously reported that personality and cognition were stable over 3 years in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study examined whether a longer duration would reveal evidence of emerg...
Development and Implementation of an Inpatient Otolaryngology Consultation Service at an Academic Medical Center.

OBJECTIVES To design and implement a formal otolaryngology inpatient consultation service that improves satisfaction of consulting services, increases educational opportunities, improves the quality of patient care, and ensures sustainability after implementation. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study in a large academic medical center encompassing all inpatient otolaryngology service consultations from July 2005 to June 2014. Staged interventions included adding fellow coverage (July 2007 onward), intermittent hospitalist coverage (July 2010 onward), and a physician assistant (October 2011 onward). Billing data were collected for incidences of new patient and subsequent consultation charges. The 2-year preimplementation period (July 2005-June 2007) was compared with the postimplementation periods, divided into 2-year blocks (July 2007-June 2013). Outcome measures of patient encounters and work relative value units were compared between pre- and postimplementation blocks. RESULTS Total encounters increased from 321 preimplementation to 1211, 1347, and 1073 in postimplementation groups (P < 0.001). Total work relative value units increased from 515 preimplementation to 2090, 1934, and 1273 in postimplementation groups (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A formal inpatient consultation service was designed with supervisory oversight by non-Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education fellows and then expanded to include intermittent hospitalist management, followed by the addition of a dedicated physician assistant. These additions have led to the formation of a sustainable consultation service that supports the mission of high-quality care and service to consulting teams.