cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Injection molding of a natural rubber compound : Simulation and experimental studies

Abstract Experimental and theoretical results are obtained for the cavity filling of a natural rubber (NR) compound. The shear rate and temperature dependent viscosity function based on the modified Cross model is fitted to experimentally measured viscosity data. A nonisothermal vulcanization model with nonisothermal induction time is fitted to the nonisothermal curing kinetic data obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These data are utilized in the simulation of the cavity filling and curing stages. The pressure traces at various locations in the mold during cavity filling are obtained at different inlet and mold temperatures. The predicted results for the pressure traces are in good agreement with those measured in the cavity, but significantly lower than those measured in the nozzle. Evolution of the state of cure in the post-filling stage is predicted and compared with experimental data measured in moldings obtained at various cycle times. The measured states of cure in the moldings are...
Diagnosis and Treatment Procedures of Pubococcygeal Deficiencies in Women

The use of the exercises developed by Arnold Kegel to strengthen vaginal musculature is a common element in many sex therapy programs for inorgasmic women. This chapter describes a very thorough approach to using the Kegel exercises with inorgasmic patients. While the authors emphasize the role of vaginal musculature in producing orgasm considerably more than do most sex therapists, their approach is certainly one that can be used in modified form by most clinicians. It seems clear that such a program of Kegel exercises adds to the effectiveness of treatment programs for inorgasmic women. It is interesting to note, however, that actual empirical data on the correlation of vaginal muscle tone with orgasmic capability are lacking at this point.
Early Patient Outcomes After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty with Quadriceps-Sparing Subvastus and Medial Parapatellar Techniques: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Background: Techniques that reduce injury to the knee extensor mechanism may cause less pain and allow faster recovery of knee function after primary total knee arthroplasty. A quadriceps-sparing (QS) subvastus technique of total knee arthroplasty was compared with medial parapatellar arthrotomy (MPPA) to determine which surgical technique led to better patient-reported function and less postoperative pain and opioid utilization. Methods: In this prospective, double-blind study, 129 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were randomized to the QS or the MPPA group after skin incision. All surgical procedures utilized minimally invasive surgery principles and standardized anesthesia, implants, analgesia, and rehabilitation. The Knee Society Score (KSS) was obtained at baseline and one and three months after surgery. Weekly telephone interviews were used to collect patient-reported outcomes including ambulatory device use, the UCLA (University of California Los Angeles) activity score, performance of daily living activities, and opioid utilization. Results: No differences between groups were seen in opioid utilization, either during the acute hospitalization or in the eight weeks after surgery. The QS group reported significantly less pain at rest on postoperative day one and with activity on day three (p = 0.04 for each). Compared with baseline, both groups showed significant improvements in the KSS at one month (MPPA, p = 0.0278; QS, p = 0.0021) and three months (p < 0.0001 for each) as well as week-to-week gains in walking independence through five weeks after surgery. Independence from ambulatory devices outside the home lagged behind independence indoors by about two weeks in both groups. Conclusions: When primary total knee arthroplasty was performed with contemporary minimally invasive surgery principles and standardized implants, anesthesia, and postoperative pathways, the QS technique yielded no significant early functional advantages or differences in opioid utilization compared with the MPPA technique. However, the mean pain scores reported by patients in the QS group were slightly lower at rest on postoperative day one and during activity on day three. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Perception of Fantasy is Not Always the Reality: An Exploratory Examination into Blacks' Lack of Participation in Fantasy Sports

The article presents an examination into Black people's lack of participation in fantasy sports. Fantasy sport is a leisure activity for sports fans looking for an additional medium in which to consume and interact with professional sport. It is estimated to be an 800 million U.S. dollar industry in the U.S. and Canada. A Simmons Market Research report discovered that Blacks attend professional and major college sporting events at a rate below that of other consumers.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Pseudoalteromonas Strains Isolated from Roots and Leaf Blades of the Seagrass Zostera marina.

Here, we present the draft genome sequences for Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain UCD-33C and Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica UCD-48B. Pseudoalteromonas sp. UCD-33C was isolated from Zostera marina roots and P. lipolytica UCD-48B from Z. marina leaf blades, both collected in Woods Hole, MA. These assemblies contain 4,479,285 bp and 4,592,435 bp, respectively.
Sense: an electroacoustic composition for surround sound and tactile transducers

This paper describes the construction of a system for tactile sound using tactile transducers and explores the compositional potential for a system of these characteristics. It provides a short overview of the technologies involved and the composition methods and studio techniques developed to implement this project. Sense for fourteen discrete channels includes a surround 5.1-sound composition, the development of a six-channel tactile transducers system and the demonstration of the compositional methodology used in the piece. The purpose of the project was to create a holistic listening experience where the audible listening experience is combined with the tactile experiences ultra and infrasound.
Sustainable Communication Design Principles - 2.0 Version

Abstract Communication Design is still a relatively recent area whose professional recognition has just over 60 to 70 years. Only in recent years, designers have been concerned in undertaking a critical and analytical reflection about their work, contributions and impacts. With regard to sustainability, the discussion is still scarce, and contributions have come more from peers, such as the Society of Graphic Design of Canada, or from CUMULUS with the “Kyoto Design Declaration”, that from the academia. Recently, during my doctoral research, my theoretical contribution was not only to propose the Principles and the Practice of Sustainable Design Communication (SCD) but as well to define them as a new discipline. The SCD Principles guide and orient practice; and in turn the SCD Practice suggests designers an applied theory through the Process of SCD. Communication Design, from editorial to brand design is an area of a broad spectrum of practice and several types of impacts that may now contribute to a fair, just, resilient and culturally conscious development. For instance, in SCD cultural perspective, we propose users / consumers a transition from a personal material and external satisfaction, to another one, that is more internal, meaningful, fulfilling, long lasting, and, if possible, less material. To deliver the SCD Principles, Practice and Process, we have used a ground content methodology research, using a ground content analysis of 22 documents directly or indirect related with design and more specifically, with communication design. This paper's goal is to present an updated version for the Sustainable Communication Design Principles, in what may be considered a 2.0 version.
The relation between lisping and visual recognition memory in children

It was argued that if silent reading involves articulatory coding then children with a pronounced lisp ought to code two visual nonsense words such as RETH and RESS more similarly than children without a lisp. This, in tum, would lead to more false positives in a recognition memory task. Although the data confirmed this hypothesis, it turned out that lisping children made more correct positives (hits) as well. Lisping and normal children did not differ in sensitivity (d′); therefore, the main result was a difference in criterion. An implausible hypothesis was offered so as to salvage a portion of the original argument.
Stromal Vascular Fraction from Lipoaspirate Infranatant: Comparison Between Suction-Assisted Liposuction and Nutational Infrasonic Liposuction

Lipoaspirate has shown great promise as a source of progenitor cells for use in regenerative medicine. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) can be isolated from lipoaspirate using enzyme digestion and centrifugation, but this approach may be limited by the labor-intensive nature of the technique as well as ambiguities in current governmental regulations. An alternative approach to obtain SVF from lipoaspirate was studied. Paired (collected from contralateral regions) lipoaspirate specimens were acquired from 30 consenting patients (age 24–62; 22 females, 8 males) by suction-assisted liposuction (SAL) and nutational infrasonic liposuction (NIL). The infranatant from 50 ml of adipose tissue (LAF) was centrifuged at 400g × 5 min and the resultant pellet was collected with a pipette. Time = 15–20 min. The respective SVFs cell populations were counted using an optical fluorescent cell counter (Nexcelom A2000) and the fluorescent stains—acridine orange (AO) and propidium iodide (PI). The number of nucleated, live cells from SAL infranatant was 97,345 ± 23,435 per ml of adipose tissue and from NIL infranatant was 335,621 ± 81,274 per ml of adipose tissue. The p value is <0.00001, n = 30. Regenerative cells can be isolated from the lipoaspirate infranatant from either SAL or NIL, although in lower quantities than from enzyme digestion. NIL acquisition yielded 3.5× the number of cells over that acquired from SAL. The time, skill, and cost of producing SVF from infranatant is less than using enzyme digestion, which potentially make these regenerative therapies accessible to more physicians and patients. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Developing an Optimal Scoring System with a Special Emphasis on Volleyball

Abstract Scoring systems for two-team (two-person) net games are typically evaluated for accuracy, efficiency, and variability. This evaluation may be difficult if many points are involved, the probability of winning a point changes with service, and/or points are not scored every rally. A computer program that may be used to evaluate general scoring systems for accuracy, efficiency, variability, and expected score difference is presented. Four scoring systems, side-out, quick, side-outpoint, and bonus point, are analyzed. A list of items to consider when developing an optimal scoring system is suggested. An optimal scoring system for volleyball is introduced.
Stimulus factors in auditory identification learning

Paired-associate learning with Morse code signals as stimuli was facilitated as the amount of prior stimulus familiarization was increased. High interstimulus similarity of the auditory signals retarded paired-associate learning, especially during the initial trials. However, inter stimulus similarity did not interact significantly with the effect of stimulus pretraining.
Supervision on Tableware in Areas Under Chengdu Railway Administration,2006-2008

Objective To understand the status of tableware disinfection in areas under Chengdu Railway Administration,analyze the affecting factors,and provide recommendations and improvement approaches to existing problems.Methods Monitoring was conducted according to national standard by using paper disk method.Results The passing rate of disinfection from 2006 to 2008 were 92.23%,77.33% and 85.93% respectively,the difference(χ2= 59.46,P0.05) was statistical significant.The passing rate of boiling,chemical and electronic cabin disinfection were 96.74%,89.55% and 68.37% respectively,the difference(χ2=293.68,P0.05) was statistical significant.Conclusion The passing rate of tableware disinfection in state-owned units is higher than that of individual-owned restaurants,the highest passing rate is boiling disinfection,while the lowest is electric disinfection cabinet.
Let's stop the comeback of tuberculosis. Best drug regimens for prevention and treatment.

PreviewNot only is the ancient disease of “consumption” still with us, it is on the rise for the first time since 1953. Because many physicians may have little experience with the disease, Dr Amin provides a complete review of treatment principles and regimens for use of the 10 effective antituberculous agents. He also discusses risk factors, drug resistance, and who should receive prophylaxis.
Hip instability encountered in pediatric podiatry practice

Infants and children with pathologic conditions of the foot and leg frequently have predictable comorbidity. The treating physician has the responsibility for identifying these associated problems and promptly referring if the problem is outside of his or her area of expertise. Hip dysplasia and dislocation occur frequently enough in association with congenital foot and leg deformity that they must be actively sought out in all cases. This article presents an overview of the topic, a review of screening protocols and appropriate imaging techniques and case studies of children with hip instability encountered in pediatric podiatry practice.
Grand Challenges in US science policy attempt policy innovation

This paper investigates the historical development of the Grand Challenges concept in US science policy. The concept originated in advocacy for funding for high-performance computing and was enshrined in the High-Performance Computing Act of 1991. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's Grand Challenges in Global Health programme marked a second milestone in the application of the concept to US science funding. The National Academy of Engineering's Grand Challenges in Engineering followed in 2008. Most recently, the White House has pursued programmes under the Grand Challenges rubric. The history of these varied initiatives spanning 40 years is examined here to identify core elements and continuity as well as to explore the relationship between innovation and tradition in US Science Policy.
[98-POS] : Caffeine improves endothelial-dependent vascular function in the reduced uterine placental perfusion (RUPP) model of preeclampsia

Objectives Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, and caffeine is the most studied compound in coffee. Coffee consumption is associated with a decreased risk of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, and under-perfusion of the placenta is hypothesized to be a component of the etiology of the syndrome. An accepted animal model of preeclampsia is the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model, which mimics many aspects of the syndrome including increased blood pressure and impaired vascular function. The focus of this study was to investigate if caffeine treatment prevents arterial dysfunction in RUPP rats. Methods Pregnant rats were divided into 3 groups: SHAM operated (SHAM), RUPP and RUPP+caffeine (C; 4.5 mg/day starting at gestational day 0). Maternal mesenteric arteries (MA) were isolated at late gestation and studied in an isobaric arteriograph. Results Myogenic reactivity was increased in MA from RUPP compared to those from SHAM and RUPP+C. MAs from the RUPP rats also showed an increased EC50 to methacholine (ME) indicating impaired endothelial-dependent dilation. In contrast, MA from caffeine treated RUPP rats displayed decreased ME EC50’s similar to SHAM. Arterial pressures were significantly decreased in the RUPP+C compared to RUPP rats. Conclusions RUPP displayed impaired endothelial function as evidence by vessel studies and increased blood pressures. Caffeine treatment improved endothelial function and reduced blood pressures to those of the SHAM. These data suggest a potential protective effect of caffeine consumption on vascular function during pregnancy, and may have relevance to the pregnancy complication preeclampsia. Disclosures B.A. Balser: None. J. Novak: None. R.W. Powers: None. R.J. Ramirez: None.
A Community-Level Perspective for Childhood Obesity Prevention

Publisher Summary Childhood obesity prevention interventions are few in number, but those that do exist offer promise and direction for future research efforts. Community research increases the breadth of the target audience in a cost-effective manner. Communities share proximity and problems; they also share resources and unique attributes that can be harnessed and used in positive ways. The Social Ecological model provides an excellent structure for framing change efforts on multiple levels and is the most effective manner in which to support and maintain positive behavior change in individuals. Involving the community in any initiative helps researchers pinpoint the specific needs of the community as well as identify assets and untapped resources and solutions. Additionally, involving communities in the intervention or project development process can be, in and of itself, a motivating factor. To date, few research-based community interventions have addressed obesity, despite the need for this work emphasized in the literature and calls for such efforts from government agencies and private foundations. Preventing obesity is a societal challenge, similar to climate change. It requires partnership between government, science, business, and civil society.
Valproate, Carnitine, and Lipid Metabolism

The effects of valproate (VPA) on carnitine and lipid metabolism and on liver function were assessed in 213 outpatients from five centers and reported from the Instituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri,” Milan, Italy.
Impacts of Autonomous Vehicle to Airport Landside Terminal Planning and Design

Income from parking and rental car facilities, for most of commercial airports in the U.S., are significant components in their revenue. Airports design the parking capacity and calculate the parking fees according to passenger throughput and mode split forecast, as well as the leasing rate of the rental car facilities. Nevertheless, with the emerging AV transportation modes, the fundamentals could change. In the future, if financially more economical, passengers may send their AVs back to their house instead of parking at the airports. Rental car industry could follow completely new business model and may not need to lease space on airport property. In addition, the flexibility of driverless may encourage more car sharing and real-time ridesharing. Given the information of mode split and parking information of one hub airport in the U.S., this study applies statistical and simulation methods to estimate potential parking needs and provide insights for future airport landside terminal planning and design.
Abstract 436: Assessing Statin Therapy and Lipid Profile Goals 6 Months After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at a Veterans Hospital

Background: Lipid lowering therapy is an established core measure of secondary prevention in coronary artery disease (CAD) management. The National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult treatment panel III (NCEP-ATP III) advises a minimum LDL level less than 100 mg/dL in patients with CAD and a recommended LDL less than 70 mg/dL for high risk patients. Statins remain the preferred agent for LDL reduction. Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study on all patients undergoing PCI at an urban Veterans Hospital from September 2004 to January 2011. Statin use and lipid profiles at 6 months post-PCI were compared to pre-PCI values. Results: A total of 933 unique patients had PCI during the study period. The mean total cholesterol decreased 18 mg/dL and the mean LDL decreased 15 mg/dL during 6 months follow-up (p Conclusion: There were significant improvements in total cholesterol and LDL values at six months post-PCI, as well as the percentage of patients who met the NCEP-ATP III recommended goal of LDL cholesterol less than 100 mg/dL and the suggested goal of 70 mg/dL. At six months, there was an increase usage of statin therapy.
Selective transport of palynomorphs in marine turbiditic deposits: An example from the Ascension-Monterey Canyon system offshore central California

Abstract The pollen assemblage of a deep-sea core (15G) collected at lower bathyal depths (3491 m) on a levee of Monterey Canyon off central California was investigated to gain insights into the delivery processes of terrigenous material to submarine fans and the effect this transport has on the palynological record. Thirty-two samples were obtained down the length of the core, 19 from hemipelagic and mixed mud deposits considered to be the background record, and 13 others from displaced flow deposits. The pollen record obtained from the background samples documents variations in the terrestrial flora as it adapted to changing climatic conditions over the last 19,000 cal yrs BP. A Q-mode cluster analysis defined three pollen zones: a Glacial Pollen Zone (ca. 20,000–17,000 cal yr BP), an overlying Transitional Pollen Zone (ca. 17,000–11,500 cal yr BP), and an Interglacial Pollen Zone (ca. 11,500 cal yr BP to present). Another Q-mode cluster analysis, of both the background mud and flow deposits, also defined these three pollen zones, but four of the 13 turbiditic deposits were assigned to pollen zones older than expected by their stratigraphic position. This was due to these samples containing statistically significant fewer palynomorphs than the background muds as well as being enriched (∼10–35% in some cases) in hydraulically-efficient Pinus pollen. A selective bias in the pollen assemblage, such as demonstrated here, may result in incorrect interpretations (e.g., climatic shifts or environmental perturbations) based on the floral record, indicating turbiditic deposits should be avoided in marine palynological studies. Particularly in the case of fine-grained flow deposits that may not be visually distinct, granulometry and grain size frequency distribution curves may not be enough to identify these biased deposits. Determining the relative abundance and source of displaced shallow-water benthic foraminifera entrained in these sediments serves as an excellent additional tool to do so.
Textual Homelands: Reinterpreting the Manuscript Runes of Beowulf

ABSTRACTIn this article, I re-examine the three runes used within the manuscript text of Beowulf to argue that the runes are purposeful additions to the text that interact with and enrich the reader’s experience of the narrative. The runes mark passages in which the poem considers the nature of the literary and its relationship to an amorphous mythic Germanic past. Readers encountering Beowulf in the context of Cotton Vitellius A XV become implicit participants in the poem’s internal project of recovering, recuperating and reinterpreting the past.
Impairment of antioxidant mechanisms in Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes) by acute exposure to aluminum

Abstract Increasing aluminum (Al) concentrations in aquatic habitats as a result of anthropogenic acidification and industrialization is a global issue. Moreover, in extensive areas of the humid tropics and subtropics, high Al concentrations in freshwater are observed because of both naturally low pH and high Al concentrations in soil. Al increases production of reactive oxygen species and enhances oxidative damage in mammals. However, no studies have examined the effect of environmentally relevant concentrations of Al at low pH on oxidative stress in fish. This study assessed Al-induced effects on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and on expression of oxidative stress-related genes at low pH using Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes). Larval fish were exposed to dissolved Al concentrations of 0, 1.7, 6.2 and 16.7 μg L− 1 for 4 days at pH 5.3 in soft water. Al caused a significant reduction in activity of glutathione peroxidase at 6.2 and 16.7 μg L− 1, and of glutathione reductase at 16.7 μg L− 1 in whole body homogenates. No changes were observed in the expression of the glutathione peroxidase gene, and expression levels of the glutathione reductase gene were too low to be quantitated. Even though there was an overall decrease in the activity of catalase and in the concentration of glutathione, differences were not significant compared to the control. Changes in lipid peroxidation were not found. This study showed that exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of Al at low pH impairs antioxidant defense mechanisms of Medaka.
Genetic Structure and Avian Systematics

Systematics has as its overall objective the ordering of taxa of organisms into a hierarchical scheme. To achieve a natural classification, one that reflects the evolutionary history and relationships of the organisms involved, the systematist should ideally have methods that enable the attainment of the following five intermediate objectives of classification: (1) the variation within species must be rigorously described so that individuals can be assigned unambiguously to species, (2) the evolutionary relationships among the species considered must be reconstructed, (3) estimates should be obtained for rates of evolutionary change along genetic lineages through geological time, (4) the structure within species should be characterized, and (5) the boundaries of taxa above and below that of the species must be delineated objectively.
Activity Demands During Multi-Directional Team Sports: A Systematic Review

Late-stage rehabilitation programs often incorporate ‘sport-specific’ demands, but may not optimally simulate the in-game volume or intensity of such activities as sprinting, cutting, jumping, and lateral movement. The aim of this review was to characterize, quantify, and compare straight-line running and multi-directional demands during sport competition. A systematic review of PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was conducted. Studies that reported time-motion analysis data on straight-line running, accelerations/decelerations, activity changes, jumping, cutting, or lateral movement over the course of an entire competition in a multi-directional sport (soccer, basketball, lacrosse, handball, field hockey, futsal, volleyball) were included. Data was organized based on sport, age level, and sex and descriptive statistics of the frequency, intensity, time, and volume of the characteristics of running and multi-directional demands were extracted from each study. Eighty-one studies were included in the review (n = 47 soccer, n = 11 basketball, n = 9 handball, n = 7 field hockey, n = 3 futsal, n = 4 volleyball). Variability of sport demand data was found across sports, sexes, and age levels. Specifically, soccer and field hockey demanded the most volume of running, while basketball required the highest ratio of high-intensity running to sprinting. Athletes change activity between 500 and 3000 times over the course of a competition, or once every 2–4 s. Studies of soccer reported the most frequent cutting (up to 800 per game), while studies of basketball reported the highest frequency of lateral movement (up to 450 per game). Basketball (42–56 per game), handball (up to 90 per game), and volleyball (up to 35 per game) were found to require the most jumping. These data may provide an incomplete view of an athlete’s straight-line running load, considering that only competition and not practice data was provided. Considerable variability exists in the demands of straight-line running and multi-directional demands across sports, competition levels, and sexes, indicating the need for sports medicine clinicians to design future rehabilitation programs with improved specificity (including the type of activity and dosage) to these demands.
Increased Walleye Egg-to-Larvae Survival following Spawning Habitat Enhancement in a Tributary of Eastern Lake Ontario

AbstractTo mitigate the effects of sedimentation from surrounding land use, a Newbury weir was installed in Kent’s Creek (a tributary of eastern Lake Ontario) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program to enhance spawning habitat for Walleye Sander vitreus. By adding angular crushed limestone, the Newbury weir was designed as an engineered spawning riffle that creates a scouring effect to maintain clean spawning substrate for Walleyes. To evaluate the success of the Newbury weir, we compared rates of egg deposition, egg viability, and larval out-migration between the created spawning riffle and a natural spawning bed for two seasons subsequent to its construction. Spawning Walleyes were found to immediately spawn on the created riffle following construction and demonstrated similar patterns of egg deposition and larval out-migration at both sites each year. When data were pooled between years, significantly higher densities of out-migrating larvae were observed at the New...
Use of Expired Air Carbon Monoxide Testing in Clinical Tobacco Treatment Settings.

Carbon monoxide (CO) testing is considered an easy, noninvasive, and objective contribution to the assessment of smoking behavior, as CO is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream when lit cigarettes or cigars are inhaled. CO testing is a medically important billable outpatient service that can contribute to sustainability of face to face tobacco use treatment services by clinicians. This article reviews research on the clinical use of CO testing to provide biomedical feedback in assessing smoking behavior, educating smokers on tobacco health effects, assisting with treatment planning, and as a motivational tool to encourage people to become tobacco free. Further research can focus on how to best incorporate CO testing into clinical practice, including more research on outcomes and methods to ensure that insurers reimburse for testing and improved ways to use CO testing to initiate attempts to quit tobacco use, to maintain cessation, and to prevent relapse.
Targeting BRCA1/2 deficient ovarian cancer with CNDAC-based drug combinations

The mechanism of action of CNDAC (2′-C-cyano-2′-deoxy-1-β-d-arabino-pentofuranosyl-cytosine) is unique among deoxycytidine analogs because upon incorporation into DNA it causes a single strand break which is converted to a double strand break after DNA replication. This lesion requires homologous recombination (HR) for repair. CNDAC, as the parent nucleoside, DFP10917, and as an oral prodrug, sapacitabine, are undergoing clinical trials for hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of CNDAC for the therapy of ovarian cancer (OC). Drug sensitivity was evaluated using a clonogenic survival assay. Drug combination effects were quantified by median effect analysis. OC cells lacking function of the key HR genes, BRCA1 or BRCA2, were more sensitive to CNDAC than corresponding HR proficient cells. The sensitization was associated with greater levels of DNA damage in response to CNDAC at clinically achievable concentrations, manifested as chromosomal aberrations. Three classes of CNDAC-based drug combinations were investigated. First, the PARP1 inhibitors, rucaparib and talazoparib, were selectively synergistic with CNDAC in BRCA1/2 deficient OC cells (combination index < 1) at a relatively low concentration range. Second, cisplatin and oxaliplatin had additive combination effects with CNDAC (combination index ~ 1). Finally, paclitaxel and docetaxel achieved additive cell-killing effects with CNDAC at concentration ranges of the taxanes similar for both BRCA1/2 deficient and proficient OC cells. This study provides mechanistic rationales for combining CNDAC with PARP inhibitors, platinum compounds and taxanes in ovarian cancer lacking BRCA1/2 function.
Effect of Tamsulosin on Passage of Symptomatic Ureteral Stones: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Urinary stone disease is a common presentation in the emergency department, and α-adrenergic receptor blockers, such as tamsulosin, are commonly used to facilitate stone passage. Objective To determine if tamsulosin promotes the passage of urinary stones within 28 days among emergency department patients. Design, Setting, and Participants We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial from 2008 to 2009 (first phase) and then from 2012 to 2016 (second phase). Participants were followed for 90 days. The first phase was conducted at a single US emergency department; the second phase was conducted at 6 US emergency departments. Adult patients were eligible to participate if they presented with a symptomatic urinary stone in the ureter less than 9 mm in diameter, as demonstrated on computed tomography. Interventions Participants were randomized to treatment with either tamsulosin, 0.4 mg, or matching placebo daily for 28 days. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was stone passage based on visualization or capture by the study participant by day 28. Secondary outcomes included crossover to open-label tamsulosin, time to stone passage, return to work, use of analgesic medication, hospitalization, surgical intervention, and repeated emergency department visit for urinary stones. Results The mean age of 512 participants randomized to tamsulosin or placebo was 40.6 years (range, 18-74 years), 139 (27.1%) were female, and 110 (22.8%) were nonwhite. The mean (SD) diameter of the urinary stones was 3.8 (1.4) mm. Four hundred ninety-seven patients were evaluated for the primary outcome. Stone passage rates were 50% in the tamsulosin group and 47% in the placebo group (relative risk, 1.05; 95.8% CI, 0.87-1.27;P = .60), a nonsignificant difference. None of the secondary outcomes were significantly different. All analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle, although patients lost to follow-up before stone passage were excluded from the analysis of final outcome. Conclusions and Relevance Tamsulosin did not significantly increase the stone passage rate compared with placebo. Our findings do not support the use of tamsulosin for symptomatic urinary stones smaller than 9 mm. Guidelines for medical expulsive therapy for urinary stones may need to be revised. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT00382265
The Cooperative Substructure of Protein Molecules

A new hydrogen exchange method makes it possible to study the unfolded state of a protein and its partially unfolded forms under native conditions. The hydrogen bonded groups that are exposed in each state, identified by NMR-detected hydrogen exchange measurements, define the structure of each intermediate. The free energy level of each state can be obtained from the measured hydrogen exchange rates. Initial results with cytochrome c depict four structural units which together account for the entire protein structure. The intermediate forms reveal the cooperative substructure of the protein and appear to represent the major kinetic intermediates in the protein folding pathway.
French military plans for Superphénix

French officials have refused to rule out military use of the plutonium produced by the planned breeder reactor Superphenix, although other nations, including the United States, have contributed nuclear materials to it.
Transients in the Time Domain

The circuit in Fig. 2.1 has had the switch closed for a long time, and then it is opened (as shown) at time t = 0. What is the capacitor voltage vc (at point a) for time t ≥ 0? We could start to answer this question by writing down Kirchhoff’s equations and then doing some (maybe more than a little) algebra, but instead let’s see if we can use the ideas from Chap. 1 to arrive at the solution without doing a lot of algebra.
Power- and Endurance-Aware Neural Network Training in NVM-Based Platforms

Neural networks (NNs) have become the go-to tool for solving many real-world recognition and classification tasks with massive and complex data sets. These networks require large data sets for training, which is usually performed on GPUs and CPUs in either a cloud or edge computing setting. No matter where the training is performed, it is subject to tight power/energy and data storage/transfer constraints. While these issues can be mitigated by replacing SRAM/DRAM with nonvolatile memories (NVMs) which offer near-zero leakage power and high scalability, the massive weight updates performed during training shorten NVM endurance and engender high write energy. In this paper, an NVM-friendly NN training approach is proposed. Weight update is redesigned to reduce bit flips in NVM cells. Moreover, two techniques, namely, filter exchange and bitwise rotation, are proposed to respectively balance writes to different weights and to different bits of one weight. The proposed techniques are integrated and evaluated in Caffe. Experimental results show significant power savings and endurance improvements, while maintaining high inference accuracy.
Symmetry Breaking Induced Activation of Nanocrystal Optical Transitions

We have analysed the effect of symmetry breaking on the optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals due to doping by charged impurities. Using doped CdSe nanocrystals as an example, we show the effects of a Coulomb center on the exciton fine-structure and optical selection rules using symmetry theory and then quantify the effect of symmetry breaking on the exciton fine structure, modelling the charged center using a multipole expansion. The model shows that the presence of a Coulomb center breaks the nanocrystal symmetry and affects its optical properties through mixing and shifting of the hole spin and parity sublevels. This symmetry breaking, particularly for positively charged centers, shortens the radiative lifetime of CdSe nanocrystals even at room temperature, in qualitative agreement with the increase in PL efficiency observed in CdSe nanocrystals doped with positive Ag charge centers [A. Sahu et.al., Nano Lett. 12, 2587, (2012)]. The effect of the charged center on the photoluminescence and the absorption spectra is shown, with and without the presence of compensating charges on the nanocrystal surface. While spectra of individual nanocrystals are expected to shift and broaden with the introduction of a charged center, configuration averaging and inhomogeneous broadening are shown to wash out these effects. The presence of compensating charges at the NC surface also serves to stabilize the band edge transition energies relative to NCs with no charge centers.
Surgical and anesthetic management for hepatectomy in two pediatric patients with trisomy 18, pulmonary hypertension, and hepatoblastoma

Children with trisomy 18 are surviving longer and undergoing more aggressive life-sustaining therapy. This report describes two patients with trisomy 18 and hepatoblastoma (HB) successfully resected in the setting of significant pulmonary hypertension. Forty-four previously published cases of the association between HB and trisomy 18 are reviewed. With careful multidisciplinary preoperative planning, successful resection of HB in children with trisomy 18 who have significant pulmonary hypertension is feasible. Because HB and trisomy 18 are increasing in prevalence, the need for timely liver tumor resection in the setting of pulmonary hypertension will be more common.
[Chronic neurasthenic sleep disturbance. Examinations of night sleep using polygraphic EEG-recordings and subjective assessment of sleep].

Der Nachtschlaf von 14 Patienten (17–34 Jahre) mit neurasthenischer Schlafstorung wurde in jeweils 4 aufeinanderfolgenden Nachten polygraphisch untersucht. Um eine moglichst homogene und reprasentative Patientengruppe zu erhalten, wurden strenge Auswahlkriterien einschlieslich psychologischer Testverfahren angewendet. Die Schlafdaten dieser Patienten (7 Frauen und 7 Manner) wurden mit einer altersentsprechenden gesunden Kontrollgruppe von 10 Normalen verglichen. Obwohl die Gesamtschlafdauer der Neurastheniker etwas langer als hei gesunden Schlafern war, zeigten sich auser einer abnormen Verarbeitung des Schlaferlebens auch objektivierbare und zum Teil signifikante Unterschiede im Schlafverhalten.
Unilateral hamstring foam rolling does not impair strength but the rate of force development of the contralateral muscle

Background Self-administered foam rolling (SAFR) is an effective massage technique often used in sport and rehabilitation settings to improve range of motion (ROM) without impairing the strength performance. However, the effects of unilateral SAFR on contralateral non-intervened muscle's rate of force development (RFD) are unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the acute effects of unilateral hamstrings SAFR on the contralateral limb flexibility, the isometric strength, and the RFD parameters. Methods Thirty-four subjects (21 women) completed two separate randomly sequenced experimental visits, during which the control (rested for 10 min) or ten, 30-second SAFR were performed with the dominant hamstring muscle group. Before (Pre) and after (Post) the interventions, the contralateral hip flexion passive ROM, the maximal explosive isometric strength of the contralateral knee flexors with the corresponding prime mover muscles' surface electromyographic (EMG) amplitude were measured. Separate two-way (time ×intervention) repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to examine the potential changes of the dependent variables. Results The SAFR significantly improved the contralateral limb ROM (Pre vs. Post: 68.3 ± 21.0 vs. 73.2 ± 23.2 degrees, p < 0.001; d = 0.22). No change was found for the contralateral isometric strength or the maximal EMG amplitude. For the RFD parameters, the percent changes of the RFDs for the first 50, 100, and 200 ms of the maximal explosive isometric contraction were -31.2%, -16.8%, and -10.1%, respectively, following the unilateral SAFR, relative to the control condition. In addition, the decrement of the first 50-ms RFD reached statistical significance (p = 0.007; Cohen's d = 0.44). Conclusion Ten sets of 30-second unilateral hamstring SAFR improved the ROM of the non-intervened contralateral limb, but decreased its ability to generate force, especially during the early phase (e.g., 50 ms) of the maximal explosive contraction.
Quantitative, real-time in vivo tracking of magnetic nanoparticles using multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) imaging.

Abstract The goal of this work was to demonstrate real-time tracking of in vivo nanoparticle concentrations utilizing multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT). Combining the high contrast of optical imaging with the high resolution of ultrasound imaging, MSOT was utilized for non-invasive, real-time tomographic imaging of particles in mice and the results calibrated against analysis of tissue samples with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. In a longitudinal study, the pharmacokinetics (pK) and biodistribution of Cyanine-7 (Cy7) conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Cy7-SPIONs) were monitored after intravenous administration into the tail vein of healthy B6-albino mice. Concentrations of Cy7-SPIONs determined by MSOT image analysis of the liver, spleen, and kidneys showed excellent agreement with EPR data obtained on tissue samples ‒ validating MSOT’s ability to quantify SPION concentrations with high spatial resolution. Both methods of analysis indicated highest accumulation of Cy7-SPIONs in the liver followed by the spleen, and negligible accumulation in the kidneys; SPION accumulation in organs with high concentrations of mononuclear phagocytic system macrophages is typical. Additionally, our study observed that particles modified with a 2 kDa polyethylene glycol (PEG) demonstrated significantly prolonged half-life in circulation compared to particles with 5 kDa PEG. The study demonstrates the potential of Cy7-SPIONs and MSOT for quantitative localization of magnetic nanoparticles in vivo, which can potentially be used to study their toxicity, quantify the efficacy of targeted drug delivery (e.g. within tumors), and their use as a multi-modal diagnostic agent to monitor disease progression.
Subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement following CD19‐specific chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell therapy for B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in pediatric patients

Twenty-eight patients were maintained on subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement for persistent B-cell aplasia and agammaglobulinemia following CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. Patients were transitioned from intravenous to subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement at a median of 11.5 months (range, 4-20). Increasing serum IgG level was significantly associated with a lower rate of sinopulmonary infection (P = 0.0072). The median serum IgG level during infection-free periods was 1000 mg/dL (range, 720-1430), which was significantly higher than IgG levels in patients with sinopulmonary infections. As such, we recommend maintaining a goal IgG level > 1000 mg/dL to provide optimal protection.
Shock compression response of an insensitive high explosive single crystal: 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7)

Insensitive high explosives (IHEs)—which do not compromise performance—are of considerable interest as a safer alternative to conventional high explosives, such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine. Despite the strong interest in using IHEs, shock compression experiments on IHE single crystals have not been reported. To address this need, plate impact experiments were conducted to measure wave profiles in 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7) single crystals—a representative IHE crystal—shocked to 21 GPa longitudinal stress. Particle velocity histories, measured using laser interferometry, show a clear two-wave structure (elastic–inelastic response) at modest stresses (<3.8 GPa). Wave profiles at higher stresses show a single (overdriven) wave. Measured shock velocities and wave profiles provide accurate Hugoniot data to 21 GPa. The measured wave profiles to 21 GPa show no sign of energy release due to chemical decomposition and constitute the first demonstration of an IHE single crystal insensitivity under plane shock compression. Numerical simulations using a phenomenological material model developed for FOX-7 showed good agreement with the measured wave profiles. The experimental findings and continuum simulations presented here constitute a significant first step in gaining an insight into the shock compression response of IHE single crystals.
Fragile X Syndrome

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) represents the most common form of inherited mental retardation, and is associated with a highly variable cognitive and behavioral phenotype as well as a characteristic profile of physical features. FXS is caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion in the FMR1 gene, leadind to transcriptional silencing of the gene. Typically, no functional FMR1 mRNA is produced, and the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is also absent. In the past decade, significant research advances have been made toward delineating the role of FMRP in normal brain function and the effects of its absence on neuroanatomy and physiology.