cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate (4PCC): A Review of its Use in Reversal of Vitamin K Antagonists

Bleeding continues to be a major adverse drug event associated with warfarin anticoagulation. The cornerstone of warfarin-related bleeding management involves repletion of affected plasma coagulation factor levels. Prothrombin complex concentrate (human) is a 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate that contains vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X and anticoagulant proteins C and S. It recently received Food and Drug Administration approval for warfarin reversal for patients with major bleeding or requiring urgent surgery or other invasive procedures. Its role in reversing target-specific oral anticoagulants appears to be limited to the Factor Xa inhibitors as an emergent intervention.
Hormone-induced cyclic guanosine monophosphate secretion from guinea pig pancreatic lobules

Carbamylcholine (30 micronM) increased the concentration of guanosine 39,59-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in guinea pig pancreatic lobules about eight-to tenfold over the basal concentration in 30 seconds with a concomitant increase in the rate of amylase secretion. The concentration of cyclic GMP rapidly declined to a plateau value of about 16 percent of the peak level in 10 minutes. Cellular cyclic GMP decreased, mostly because the nucleotide was secreted into medium; cellular adenosine 39,59-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), however did not change, nor was this nucleotide secreted into the medium. An immunocytochemical technique showed that cyclic GMP was distributed in the apical plasmalemma membrane and lumen of the pancreas. Carbamylcholine increased the cyclic GMP fluorescence in tha apical plasmalemma membrane within 30 seconds, and in zymogen granules and the plasma membrane in the apical part of acinar cells in 10 minutes. The islets of Langerhans did not show any change in cyclic GMP. Fluorescence of cyclic AMP in pancreatic lobules was not altered by carbamylcholine and was localized along the apical portion of plasmalemma and cytoplasm. Cyclic GMP may thus participate either in the process of exocytosis or in the activation of enzymes secreted from the pancreas.
Abstract 387: Intermittent hypoxia stimulates capillary growth and branching in an in vitro model of tumor angiogenesis.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Introduction: The complex heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment, including a structurally and functionally abnormal vasculature, impacts oxygen tension leading to intermittent hypoxia (IH). While it is known that chronic hypoxia modulates tumor development in vivo, including mechanisms of angiogenesis and resistance to radiotherapy, our understanding of IH remains limited. We hypothesized that IH would stimulate vasculogenesis and lead to a larger and more branched network of vessels consistent with the vessel network in tumors. Using a fabricated oxygen control system, we explored the effects of chronic and intermittent hypoxia on in vitro vascularized tissues. Materials and Methods: A co-culture of endothelial colony forming cell-derived endothelial cells (ECFC-ECs) from cord blood and normal human lung fibroblasts was distributed in a fibrin gel, and incubated for 7 days at constant 20% O2 (ambient condition), constant 5% O2 (physiological condition), constant 1% O2 (hypoxia conditions), and multiple IH conditions all of which had a mean value of 5% O2. The resulting vessel networks were quantified for total vessel network length and number of junctions. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production was measured over the course of the 7 days. Results and Discussion: Decreasing oxygen tension from 20% to 5% O2 limits vessel formation in vitro, and 1% O2 stopped vessel formation completely. Tissues exposed to IH, however, exhibited significantly more developed and branched vascular networks compared to the constant 5% O2 counterparts (total vessel network length: 5%: 5.4 ± 0.8 mm, IH: 10.7 ± 1.6 mm; (number of junctions: 5%: 32.7 ± 10.6 mm, IH: 99.2 ± 23.1), suggesting a role in tumor angiogenesis. Indeed, VEGF production was upregulated as well in the IH conditions, which may contribute to the enhanced blood vessel formation. We conclude that IH conditioning generates vascular networks in vitro that more structurally and functionally resemble tumor vascular networks in vivo. Citation Format: Seema M. Ehsan, Nicole L. Mendoza, Steven C. George. Intermittent hypoxia stimulates capillary growth and branching in an in vitro model of tumor angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 387. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-387
Alternative beta estimation for the market model using partially adaptive techniques

The leptokurtosls of many security market return distributions can contaminate ordinary least squares estimates of the β coefficient of the market model. Partially adaptive estimation techniques accommodate the possibility of fat tailed distributions. this methodology limits the influence of extremely large residuals and yields estimates which are both statistically and practically different from ordinary least squares.
Na,K-ATPase Gene Transfer Mitigates an Oxidant-Induced Decrease of Active Sodium Transport in Rat Fetal ATII Cells

We investigated whether adenovirus-mediated transfer of genes encoding for subunits of the Na,K-ATPase increases transepithelial Na+ transport in rat fetal distal lung epithelial (FDLE) monolayers and renders them more resistant to hydrogen peroxide injury. FDLE cells, isolated from rat fetuses at a gestational age of 19 to 20 d (22 d = term), were seeded on filters and infected with replication-incompetent human type 5 adenoviruses containing complementary DNAs encoding for rat Na,K-ATPase α1 or β1 subunits (ad α1 and ad β1, respectively). Once confluent monolayers were formed, the filters were mounted in Ussing chambers and short circuit currents (ISC) were measured. Increased levels of α1 or β1 subunit proteins after infection with ad α1 and ad β1, respectively, were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Baseline ISC increased after transfection with 2 plaque-forming units (pfu) of ad β1 from 5.1 ± 0.3 to 6.1 ± 0.3 μ A/cm2 (mean ± SEM; P < 0.05). Permeabilization of the apical membrane with amphotericin ...
Ellipsometric liquid immersion method for the determination of all the optical parameters of the system: Nonabsorbing film on an absorbing substrate☆

Ellipsometric liquid immersion method for optical parameters determination of system with nonabsorbing surface film on absorbing substrate
Interaction of tobacco callus tissue with Pseudomonas tabaci, P. pisi and P. fluorescens

Abstract Pseudomonas tabaci, a tobacco pathogen, multiplied rapidly and colonized tobacco callus within 2 days after inoculation. P. pisi, a pathogen of pea but not tobacco, and P. fluorescens, a saprophyte, multiplied slowly and remained at inoculation sites. Rates of multiplication of these three bacteria in tobacco callus were comparable to those in leaves kept in the dark and at high relative humidity following inoculation. Scanning electron microscopy showed P. tabaci cells densely distributed over the tobacco callus. P. pisi cells formed aggregates and were trapped in a network of fibrillae on the callus surface. Some P. fluorescens cells formed spherical bodies, apparently as a result of damage to bacterial cell walls. The spherical bodies eventually lysed. The entrapment of bacterial cells of P. pisi by fibrillae and the damage to the cell wall of P. fluorescens may be factors which limit the rate of multiplication of these species of bacteria in tobacco callus tissue.
Airway management in cervical spine injury

To minimize risk of spinal cord injury, airway management providers must understand the anatomic and functional relationship between the airway, cervical column, and spinal cord. Patients with known or suspected cervical spine injury may require emergent intubation for airway protection and ventilatory support or elective intubation for surgery with or without rigid neck stabilization (i.e., halo). To provide safe and efficient care in these patients, practitioners must identify high-risk patients, be comfortable with available methods of airway adjuncts, and know how airway maneuvers, neck stabilization, and positioning affect the cervical spine. This review discusses the risks and benefits of various airway management strategies as well as specific concerns that affect patients with known or suspected cervical spine injury.
Efficacy of a tobacco quitline among adult cancer survivors.

Objective The purpose of the study (conducted 2010–2013) was to determine the efficacy of two common types of tobacco quitlines in adult cancer survivors who regularly smoked cigarettes.
Acceptance of Disability and its Correlates

In a sample of 1,266 U.S. adults with disabilities, relationships were examined between acceptance of disability and (a) demographic characteristics (age, gender, race, education, marital status, and income); (b) disability conditions (disability onset, multiple disabilities, and chronic pain); and (c) other psychosocial factors (self-esteem, emotional support, perceived discrimination, and hostility). Self-esteem and emotional support from family and friends played important roles in the participants' adjustment to disability. Furthermore, perceived social discrimination against people with disabilities had a significant impact on acceptance of disability. Disability conditions such as acquired disability, multiple disabilities, and chronic pain were also important variables related to disability acceptance.
Divergent Semantic Behavior in Aphasia

The purpose of the present study was to examine the divergent semantic behaviors of 30 persons with aphasia in comparison to these same behaviors in a group of 30 normal individuals. Specifically, this study examined fluency or the number of ideas produced, flexibility or the variety of ideas produced, and communality within each subject group and between the two groups. Results support the existence of the divergent mental operation and indicate that persons with aphasia are impaired in their ability to generate semantic responses under this operation. Therefore, speech pathologists may wish to include divergent tasks in their evaluation procedures and plan therapy directed toward the retrieval of divergent responses.
An Adaptive Multiple Regression Procedure Based on M-Estimators

Multiple linear regression techniques that are resistant to changes in a small fraction of the data have been proposed and investigated in recent literature. This paper develops a regression procedure based on M-estimators that is adaptive in nature. That is, after a preliminary fit, an attempt is made to assess the nature of the distribution of the errors. Based on this assessment, an appropriate M-estimator is then chosen and the final multiple linear regression equation is computed. The rule's resistance to a few outlying data points is demonstrated with a classical data set on the stack loss of a plant converting ammonia to nitric acid. The adaptive procedure's excellent performance characteristics over a broad class of distributions is shown in a Monte Carlo study.
Non-invasive in vivo assessment of IDH1 mutational status in glioma

Gain-of-function mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene are among the most prevalent in low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastoma. They lead to intracellular accumulation of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate, represent an early pathogenic event and are considered a therapeutic target. Here we show, in this proof-of-concept study, that [1-(13)C] α-ketoglutarate can serve as a metabolic imaging agent for non-invasive, real-time, in vivo monitoring of mutant IDH1 activity, and can inform on IDH1 status. Using (13)C magnetic resonance spectroscopy in combination with dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, the metabolic fate of hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] α-ketoglutarate is studied in isogenic glioblastoma cells that differ only in their IDH1 status. In lysates and tumours that express wild-type IDH1, only hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] α-ketoglutarate can be detected. In contrast, in cells that express mutant IDH1, hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] 2-hydroxyglutarate is also observed, both in cell lysates and in vivo in orthotopic tumours.
Investigations of polymer chains in oriented fluid phases with deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance

Abstract Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (D n.m.r.) is a potentially powerful technique for exploring molecular structural and dynamical properties of polymer chains in bulk fluids and concentrated solutions. A variety of systems can be investigated (the solid state, elastomeric networks, sheared polymer fluids, chain solutes in liquid crystal solvents, and polymeric liquid crystals), over a wide range of dimensions (local chain properties, rotational isomeric state parameters, behaviour between network junctions or entanglements, evolution of tube distributions, and domain sizes of homogeneous chain alignment). A coarse comparison of low molar mass liquid crystals with condensed phases of entangled polymer fluids and elastomeric networks illustrates the key features of the D n.m.r. technique and establishes a common framework for interpreting experiments.
The Role of Addictive Behaviors in Childhood Obesity

Overweight and obesity have risen substantially in the last few decades. Recently, food addiction has gained attention as a possible explanation for this increase. The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence for food addiction and its role in the rise of overweight and obesity in youth. Diagnostic symptoms, prevalence, and neurobiology of food addiction are reviewed. An overview of treatment options for youth is provided. Additional research on the nature of food addiction in youth as well as continued investigation of factors related to the rise in obesity is warranted.
The Use of Social Stories To Reduce Precursors to Tantrum Behavior in a Student with Autism.

This study analyzed the effects of social stories in reducing precursors to tantrum behavior in two social environments, morning work time and lunchtime. The student was a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with autism, Fragile X syndrome, and intermittent explosive disorder. Using an ABAB design, two social stories were implemented and withdrawn as data were collected to determine the frequency of two behaviors, inappropriate vocalizations and dropping to the floor, which served as precursors to tantrum behavior. The data revealed a decrease in precursors to tantrum behavior when the social stories were available to the student and an increase in targeted behavior when the intervention was withdrawn.
ANGIOTENSIN II : BIOSYNTHESIS, MOLECULAR RECOGNITION, AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

1. Angiotensin II is a well-known vasopressive octapeptide that is the principal end-product of the renin-angiotensin system. In addition to its tonic effect on vascular smooth muscle cells, it also stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenals and promotes sodium reabsorption through renal tubular cells. 2. These physiological functions have been appreciated for some time, but as details of the molecular and cell biology of the angiotensin response mechanism become understood, it is increasingly apparent that the hormone has a much broader repertoire. Its functional variability is made possible by (i) different enzymatic routes for its generation, (ii) different receptors distributed in different tissues, (iii) different mechanisms for receptor regulation, and (iv) different signal transduction pathways. 3. This insight is the direct consequence of advances in pharmacology that led first to inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme and later to angiotensin II receptor antagonists. This review looks at the current status of angiotensin biochemistry and physiology and provides a basis for anticipation of future developments.
Reflections on race relations and organizations

The publication of this Special Issue focuses the attention of readers on the subject of race relations and organizations. In deciding to devote an entire issue of the Journal to this topic, the editor, Cary L. Cooper, and the associate editor most closely connected to the project, Douglas T. Hall, took a major professional risk. They are white men. Ella Bell, the editor of this issue, is a black woman. The authors of the research papers in this edition are black men and black women. Cooper and Hall are highly respected researchers in organizational behavior, and the Journal of Organizational Behavior is very much what academics call a 'mainstream journal'. I am unaware of a mainstream journal in organizational behavior ever before devoting a special issue to the subject of race, authorizing a black scholar to be in charge of the issue, and publishing a complete set of papers by black authors. In the 1970s the Journal of Social Issues had several issues devoted to race relations, and sometimes (perhaps every time) the editor was black. But JSI is rooted in social psychology, a field that has contributed much to organizational behavior but is not identical with it. Social psychology has a much longer tradition of studying race relations than does organizational behaviour (Alderfer and Thomas, 1988). Possibly, the publication of this issue is an historic event. Why do I say that Cooper and Hall have taken a major professional risk in supporting this special issue? In part, I draw on my own experience as a white male with more than a decade of research and consulting experience with race relations in organizations. More important, I draw on knowledge about the history of race relations in the United States and South Africa. At the close of the American Civil War, for example, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by a white male in part because of Lincoln's decision to free black slaves. During this century, Stanley Levison, a white man who was a close friend, advisor, and fundraiser for Martin Luther King, Jr. during the Civil Rights Movement, was harassed by the FBI (Oakes, 1982). King was advised by senior government officials to sever his relationship with Levison, because the white man was a risk to national security. Donald Woods, editor of the Daily Dispatch, friend of outspoken black leader Steve Biko and foe of apartheid, was banned from writing and publishing in his own country for five years (Woods, 1978). Many other examples could be cited. I make this point not to suggest that whites who work for progressive race relations face hazards comparable to blacks. Few do. Rather I wish to suggest why more whites do not take clear actions to change race relations and to explain why, for more than eight years, we in the United States have been experiencing a period of regression in race relations. Membership in the white group exerts strong pressures on individual
Alkali-labile oligosaccharides of brain glycoproteins

Abstract Treatment of glycopeptides prepared from rabbit brain glycoproteins with NaOH or NaOH-NaBH 4 released approximately 10% of the carbohydrate as low molecular weight oligosaccharides. After treatment with alkali alone, a disaccharide and a trisaccharide were isolated by gel filtration and preparative paper chromatography, and have been identified as N- acetylneuraminyl -(2→6)-O-2- acetamido -2- deoxy - D - galactose (Component B-I) and di -N- acetylneuraminyl - D - galactose (Component B-III). The N -acetylgalactosamine in Component B-I was obtained as preformed Morgan-Elson chromogen, and Components B-I and B-III were not obtained when the glycopeptides were treated with alkaline NaBH 4 under conditions which prevent peeling. These results indicate that the trisaccharide (Component B-III) was originally present as a substituent at C-3 of the N -acetylgalactosamine involved in the carbohydrate-peptide linkage, and was eliminated as a result of alkali treatment. A disaccharide (Component M) was isolated after alkaline NaBH 4 treatment of the desialylated glycopeptides, and yielded equimolar amounts of galactose and galactosaminitol after hydrolysis. Smith degradation of Component M gave galactose and threosaminitol, indicating that the disaccharide was galactopyranosyl -(1→3)-O-2- acetamido -2- deoxy - D - galactitol . From the isolation of Components B-I, B-III and M after NaOH and NaOH-NaBH 4 treatment of the glycopeptides, it is concluded that the major alkali-labile oligosaccharide of brain glycoproteins is the pentasaccharide di -N- acetylneuraminyl - D - galactopyranosyl -(1→3) [N- acetylneuraminyl -(2→6)]-O-2- acetamido -2- deoxy - D - galactose .
SEX DIFFERENCES IN FOOD ACQUISITION AND AGGRESSION IN CAPTIVE COMMON MARMOSETS (CALLITHRIX JACCHUS)

Competition for food within the social group has been postulated as an important factor affecting primate social organization. This study examined how factors such as sex, aggression, dispersion of food, and amount of difficulty involved in obtaining food affect the distribution of food in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) social groups. Mated pairs of adultC. jacchus were presented with food that was either dispersed or concentrated, and either difficult or easy, to obtain. The number of food pieces obtained, aggressive displays, incidents of physical aggression, and amount of time spent searching for food were recorded for each animal. Neither dispersion nor difficulty in obtaining food had significant effects on the distribution of food or any of the other behaviors examined. The primary factors affecting food distribution were aggression and amount of time spent searching. Females obtained more food than males in all situations because they were more aggressive and apparently more motivated to search for food than were males.
Comment on Fararo's “biased networks and social structure theorems”

Fararo's (198 1) formalization of parts of Blau (1977) is designed to show that Blau's theory of the effects of heterogeneity on social associations can be embedded in the framework of biased networks. The formalization offers some revealing insights into Blau's work. The insights into Blau's work relate to the place of the 'salience' con- cept in Blau's theorems. Fararo appropriately formalizes this concept in terms of inbreeding bias and derives results equivalent to Blau's propositional statements of his theorems. The two key results are the heterogeneity para- dox and the I~lultifo~ lleterogeneity theorem captured in Fararo's eqns. (8) and (17) reproduced below: Partial differentiation with respect to H and HJ confirms Blau's theorems: namely, that increasing heterogeneity decreases the density of intra-group contacts while increasing intersection of parameters (lowering the positive correlation between them) increases inter-group relations. The interesting thing to note, as the above equations make clear, is that the truth of these results does not depend on the assumption of ~~b~eedj~g bias. If one sets all bias parameters in the above equations equal to zero, the results still follow. In other words, whether a characteristic is salient or not, does not matter: increasing heterogeneity on a non-salient characteristic or increasing inter- section between two non-salient characteristics will also produce more ex- tensive inter-group relations. Further, the assumption of inbreeding or residual inbreeding is also un- necessary to Blau's results on mobility, namely, that mobility promotes inter- group relations. To see this, consider position at tl to be characteristic A and position at f2 to be another characteristic B and apply the multi-form hetero- geneity theorem, eqn. (l'?), setting all inbreeding parameters equal to zero. To illustrate: assume position at both time points to have only two states with p1 the proportion in state 1 at tl, and pZ the proI~ortion in state 2 at tl. With no mobility,
Inhibition of heterolysosome formation and function in mouse kidneys by injection of mercuric chloride.

Abstract Intravenous or intraperitoneal injections of mercuric chloride (5 mg Hg/kg) into mice resulted in an inhibition of proteolytic activity in isolated kidney heterolysosomes containing intravenously injected denatured (formaldehyde) 125 I-albumin but not in these particles from the liver. The inhibition occurred if the mercuric chloride was injected up to about 17 hr before injection of labeled protein. The proportion of particle-bound radioactivity which could be released by osmotic shock was substantially decreased in subcellular suspensions from mercury-injected mice. In some experiments therefore, digestive rates were normal in mercury-injected mice if proteolysis was measured in terms of the osmotically releasable radioactivity rather than in terms of the total particle-bound material. This suggest that mercury inhibited either endocytosis of labeled protein or heterolysosome formation. However, in most experiments in which digestion was measured in the presence and absence of mercaptoethanol, stimulation of proteolysis by mercaptoethanol was significantly greater in heterolysosomes from mercury-injected animals than in the controls. This suggests that mercury affected proteolytic activity within the organelles as well as heterolysosome formation.
Influence of positive inotropic agents on the action of a myocardial depressant factor in the plasma of cats in postoligemic shock.

SummaryOuabain, norepinephrine, and angiotensin were added to papillary muscles removed from normal cats and from cats in shock. Solutions used in the muscle bath were Krebs-Henseleit solution (KH), normal plasma and shock plasma which contained a myocardial depressant factor (MDF). The MDF depressed developed tension in shock muscles by 50% of the value in KH while it only depressed control muscles by 33%. Ouabain and norepinephrine, but not angiotensin, completely reversed the effect of MDF in shock muscles, restoring contractile force to that present in control plasma. Shock muscles differed from control muscles in that they were more depressed by MDF, and they were more responsive to ouabain. Thus, shock muscles, although functionally altered and depressed by MDF, respond well to ouabain and to norepinephrine. Therefore, cardiac glycosides and β adrenergic drugs may be useful in the therapy of shock.
Stochastic Interactive Processes and the Effect of Context on Perception

The effects of context on perceptual identification responses given without time pressure are well-described by classical models in which contextual and stimulus information exert independent effects. A recent article by Massaro (1989) raises the possibility that interactive models, such as the TRACE model of speech perception, are inherently incompatible with these classical context effects. The present article shows that this incompatibility hypothesis can be rejected. Mathematical analysis and computer simulation methods are used to show that interactive models can exhibit the classical effects of context, if there is variability in the input to the network or if there is intrinsic variability in the network itself. A variety of interactive models which incorporate variability can all produce the classical context effects, at least under some conditions; the conditions are rather general in the case of one of the variants. The findings suggest that interactive models should not be viewed as alternatives to classical accounts, but as hypotheses about the dynamics of information processing that lead to the global asymptotic behavior that the classical models describe.
Learning to reach: A mathematical model.

This article presents a mathematical model of the development of reaching that assumes that the major problem facing infants is their lack of lower level motor control and that infants learn to adjust their reaching strategies as a consequence of their previous experience and to match their current level of control. The model hypothesizes that infant reaches are a series of submovements, with the goal being to get the hand to the target in the face of errors in executed submovements. To relate actual infant reaches to this model, reaching data were decomposed into submovements, using a polynomial fitting algorithm that assumed minimum-jerk submovements. The model makes quantitative predictions about the course of development that are supported by existing results. The validity of the model's underlying assumptions was assessed by comparing the directional variability ofthe submovements with the variability assumed in the model.
Chlamydia trachomatis Tarp cooperates with the Arp2/3 complex to increase the rate of actin polymerization

Actin polymerization is required for Chlamydia trachomatis entry into nonphagocytic host cells. Host and chlamydial actin nucleators are essential for internalization of chlamydiae by eukaryotic cells. The host cell Arp2/3 complex and the chlamydial translocated actin recruiting phosphoprotein (Tarp) are both required for entry. Tarp and the Arp2/3 complex exhibit unique actin polymerization kinetics individually, but the molecular details of how these two actin nucleators cooperate to promote bacterial entry is not understood. In this study we provide biochemical evidence that the two actin nucleators act synergistically by co-opting the unique attributes of each to enhance the dynamics of actin filament formation. This process is independent of Tarp phosphorylation. We further demonstrate that Tarp colocalization with actin filaments is independent of the Tarp phosphorylation domain. The results are consistent with a model in which chlamydial and host cell actin nucleators cooperate to increase the rate of actin filament formation.
Non-technical barriers to energy model sharing and reuse

Abstract An energy model generated during the design phase of a building could - in principal - be converted into a calibrated energy model and used to improve the building’s operational performance. However, this rarely happens in practice. Through a survey of 306 building professionals, this research investigates whether this model reuse is technically feasible, based on today’s design-phase models, and what non-technical barriers might stand in the way of its implementation. An important finding is that 75% of the engineers/energy modelers surveyed believed that their models could be used by a third party in building commissioning and operation. At the same time, many modelers voiced various reservations that might prevent them from sharing their energy models with the owner or design team. These reservations varied from a desire to protect their intellectual property, to liability concerns, to the fear of incurring additional unpaid work. In response to these findings, this paper provides suggestions for overcoming these non-technical challenges and includes references for contract precedents.
Segregation: The Rising Costs for America

James H. Carr and Nandinee K. Kutty, editors. Routledge, New York, 2008. 368 pages. $135, $39.95 (paperback). Segregation: The Rising Costs for America, edited by Carr and Kutty, brings together a ...
An ab initio molecular orbital study on the Lewis acidity of TMS-Cl and TMS-CN toward an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde: Are these acid-base interactions important in organocuprate 1,4-additions to enones?

Abstract High-level ab initio calculations were used to determine the effectiveness of commonly used silanes as Lewis acids toward acrolein as a model for Gilman cuprate conjugate addition reactions. The data suggest that complexation with an enone is by a weak dipole-dipole interaction and is not directly responsible for the rate accelerating effect of TMS-X.
Non-ideality and the thermodynamics of sickle-cell hemoglobin gelation

The thermodynamic model for equilibrium aggregation of sickle-cell hemoglobin ( Minton, 1974a , Minton, 1975 , Minton, 1976a ) is extended to treat the effect of non-ideal behavior in concentrated solutions of hemoglobin. The derived relations, together with sedimentation equilibrium data of the type provided by Williams (1973) and Briehl & Ewert (1973) , permit a simpler theoretical description of the gelation of hemoglobin mixtures and the gelation of partially oxygenated hemoglobin than was heretofore possible. Conclusions derived from re-analysis of several experimental findings differ quantitatively from those previously derived from analysis in the ideal approximation.
Alkaloids of Acronychia Baueri Schott I: Isolation of the Alkaloids and a Study of the Antitumor and Other Biological Properties of Acronycine

Utilizing a differential extraction technique for the examination of the bark of the Australian plant Acronychia Baueri Schott ( Bauerella australiana Borzi), has resulted in the isolation of the triterpene lupeol and the alkaloids melicopine, acronycine, and normelicopidine. The experimental antitumor activity associated with the crude alkaloidal mixture obtained from the ether extract has been shown to be attributable to acronycine. Experimental evidence is herein given, showing acronycine to have the broadest antitumor spectrum of any alkaloid isolated to date in these laboratories. By virtue of its being chemically unrelated to any of the presently utilized antitumor agents it represents a new lead in the search for agents effective in the chemotherapeutic management of human neoplasms.
Intensive surveys of structure and change in urban natural areas

Abstract We introduce a methodology developed for surveying high value biotic resources typical of urban parks and natural areas. Procedures include (1) mapping vegetation using a technique for recognizing separate vegetation units or entities referred to as “entitation”, (2) establishing permanent camera stations for studying change, and (3) classifying the vegetation using a system derived from the life-forms of the plants. We emphasize cost-efficient techniques based on vegetation structure or physiognomy, and we discuss uses of vegetation maps and photographs for public presentations, planning quantitative sampling, and studying habitat change.
High Performance pMEMS™ oscillators - The next generation frequency references

We report in this paper piezoelectrically transduced pMEMS™ resonators developed at IDT for next generation frequency reference applications. Such resonators consist of a piezoelectric material (AlN) on a single-crystal silicon layer substrate. These resonators typically demonstrate a quality factor greater than 5000 operating at 108 MHz and insertion loss close to 10dB. These plastic QFN packaged pMEMS™ oscillators are immune to shock and vibration of 1500G and 20G, respectively, and have shown excellent long term frequency stability at both 25°C and 125 °C. Due to high quality factor and low motional impedance, oscillators based on pMEMS™ resonators can deliver low phase jitter of &#60;1.0ps measured for 12kHz to 20MHz bandwidth.
Development and cross-reactive properties of monoclonal antibodies to bovine matrix vesicle alkaline phosphatase.

Alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), concentrated in the membranes of matrix vesicles, is believed to play a role in initial calcification. To further purify, characterize, and identify this enzyme in tissue, a monoclonal antibody was developed against the ALPase of isolated fetal calf matrix vesicles. Splenic lymphocytes derived from mice immunized with Sepharose 6B-purified fetal calf matrix vesicle ALPase were fused with mouse plasmacytoma cells (line X63-Ag-8.653) using standard hybridoma technology. Hyperimmune sera and hybridoma culture supernatants were screened for the presence of specific antibody using a newly developed double-immunosorbent assay in which putative antibody is added to microtiter plate wells precoated with affinity-purified rabbit antimouse immunoglobulin. After incubation and washing, partially purified fetal calf matrix vesicle ALPase is added to each well. The enzyme adheres only to wells that contain specific antiALPase antibody. These wells are identified by adding the enzyme substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate and reading the wells in a plate-reading spectrophotometer at 405 nm. A hybridoma-producing specific antibody was subsequently cloned and grown as ascities-producing tumors in pristane-primed mice. Ouchterlony analysis indicated that the cell line secretes an immunoglobulin of lgG1 class. This antibody reacts specifically with ALPase derived from calf matrix vesicles and cross-reacts with ALPase of bovine kidney, liver, and placental origin and human bone but does not crossreact with bovine intestinal ALPase or ALPase derived from matrix vesicles isolated from rachitic rat growth plate cartilage.
The role of biological control in wildlands

Use of classical biological control to suppress invasive plants or insects is often an important component of programs for the conservation and restoration of wildlands. Its use contributes to preservation of native biodiversity, maintenance of ecosystem services from wildlands, and protection of sources of natural resources for human societies. Use of classical biological control in wildlands is a form of planned, beneficial invasion and its effective use requires careful integration of conservation biologists and biological control scientists to define ecological goals for projects and to investigate and judge the potential safety of biological control agents proposed for release. Greater cooperation between these groups is essential for expanded and safe use of this process.
Preclinical removable partial dentures curriculum survey.

Purpose In 2001, a survey of U.S. dental schools was conducted to determine the curricular structure, teaching philosophies, and techniques used in preclinical removable partial denture (RPD) courses and to also establish what newer educational techniques and materials are currently being used by U.S. dental schools. Materials and Methods The questionnaire was mailed to the chairpersons of the prosthodontic/restorative departments of 54 U.S. dental schools. Of these, 43 schools returned the completed survey, resulting in a response rate of 80%. The mean, median, and range of responses were computed where applicable. Results Results from this survey show that the mean student-to-faculty ratio in the preclinical RPD course was 12:1, with a median of 10:1 and a range of 6:1 to 27:1. The mean number of laboratory hours was 55, with a median of 50 and a range of 13.5 to 120. The mean number of lecture hours reported was 21, with a median of 20.5 and a range 10 to 60. The mean number of practical examinations was 2, with a median of 3 and a range of 0 to 8. The mean number of written examinations given was 2, with a median of 2 and a range of 1 to 6. Ninety-five percent of the schools have prosthodontists teaching this course. The mean number of months that this course is taught is 4.4 months, with a median of 4 and a range of 1.5 to 10. Fifty-five percent of the schools used the Hanau semiadjustable articulator. One hundred percent of the schools teach students to use a surveyor when designing an RPD, and 84% percent of the schools teach the Krol or the Kratochvil RPI design or a combination of the 2 designs. Conclusions Preclinical RPD educational programs vary from school to school, yet a large percentage of schools agree on certain topics. Only 19% of dental schools are incorporating new technologies, such as the use of the internet, in their preclinical RPD curriculum.
Matrices of zeros and ones with fixed row and column sum vectors

Abstract Let m and n be positive integers, and let R =( r 1 ,…, r m ) and S =( s 1 ,…, s n ) be nonnegative integral vectors. We survey the combinational properties of the set of all m × n matrices of 0's and 1's having r i 1's in row i and s i 1's in column j . A number of new results are proved. The results can be also be formulated in terms of a set of bipartite graps with bipartition into m and n vertices having degree sequence R and S , respectively. They can also be formulated in terms of the set of hypergraphs with m vertices having degree sequence R and n edges whose cardinalities are given by S .
Modeling of the Pulsed Inductive Thruster Operating with Ammonia Propellant

Comparisons of numerical simulations to experimental data are used to validate the code and offer insights into the highest-to-date performance of ammonia propellant compared to other tested propellants. The time-dependent, two-dimensional, axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamics code used for the simulations is upgraded by a new two-temperature thermochemical model that provides ammonia's thermodynamic properties including nitrogen ionization up to the fifth level. The comparisons to experimental data include magnetic field waveforms at two locations and total impulse values for a range of operating energy levels and propellant mass values. The relatively good agreement of the code's predictions and experiment allows further interrogation of the pertinent plasma flow characteristics and offers a possible explanation as to the elevated efficiency demonstrated by the thruster operated with ammonia propellant.
Operationalizing charismatic leadership using a levels-of-analysis framework

Abstract This study focuses on the conceptual definition of charismatic leadership and attempts to determine the level of analysis at which charismatic leadership should be operationalized (i.e., group or individual). In two samples of upper-level managers selected from a multidivisional U.S. Fortune 500 firm, results from analyses of leadership and outcome ratings generated by the direct supervisees of 111 managers indicated that ratings of charismatic leadership appeared to be a function of the individual completing the ratings as opposed to group membership. These results generally support the statement that charisma may be in the eye of the beholder or varying in degree from one individual to another. The implication of these results for refining the conceptual definition of charismatic leadership is discussed.
Minimizing Competition? Entry-Level Compensation in Japanese Firms

This is the first empirical study of the determinants of pay for entry-level jobs among Japanese firms. Pay data of 1,382 companies obtained from the Nikkei survey was matched with company size, performance, industry, and foreign ownership data from Toyo Keizai's Japan Company Handbook. I found that unlike the results based on U.S. data, company size is not related to entry-level pay. Firm performance is positively related, but its effect is minimal. Industry membership and foreign ownership are related. I believe that these findings highlight the influence of the Japanese employment context and information sharing in Japan. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Reflectance Spectroscopy of Functional Ag-Cu Thin Films: Correlation of Reflectivity with Cu Content

We have investigated the optical properties of sputter-deposited silver-copper alloy thin films on silicon substrates at room temperature. We found that alloying copper with silver can significantly improve the metal’s surface morphology, keeping its infrared reflectivity same as that of pure silver film. However at the same time, it worsens in the blue parts of the spectrum. The reflection in Ag-Cu thin films is interpreted in terms of a simple model describing its trend due to alloying. The experimental results and the speculations reveal a prospect for the improvement and optimization of solar reflectors.
Conservative pretty printing

The main purpose of the pretty printing tool, presented here, is not so much the complete reformating of a program but is described better as finding and correcting formating errors.A set of relations is given describing the proper alignment of a piece of code in accordance with its syntactic structure. It is complemented by a simple algorithm to change any given source code to satisfy these relations.The relations are flexible enough to allow a variety of different formating styles while rejecting formating errors, i.e. code that is not formated according to its syntactic structure.Various examples illustrate the ideas, the problems, the goals, and the achievements.
Myeloid dendritic cells display downregulation of C-type lectin receptors and aberrant lectin uptake in systemic lupus erythematosus

There is a growing body of evidence implicating aberrant dendritic cell function as a crucial component in the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the phagocytic capacity and expression of receptors involved in pathogen recognition and self-nonself discrimination on myeloid dendritic cells from patients with lupus. Unstimulated or stimulated monocyte-derived dendritic cells were obtained from lupus patients and healthy control individuals, and expression of C-type lectin receptors (mannose receptor and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin), complement-receptor 3 and Fcγ receptors was determined by flow cytometry. Dextran uptake by lupus and control dendritic cells was also assessed by flow cytometry. Serum IFNγ was quantified by ELISA, and uptake of microbial products was measured using fluorescently labeled zymosan. When compared with dendritic cells from healthy control individuals, unstimulated and stimulated lupus dendritic cells displayed significantly decreased dextran uptake and mannose receptor and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing nonintegrin expression. Decreased expression of the mannose receptor was associated with high serum IFNγ levels, but not with maturation status or medications. Diminished dextran uptake and mannose receptor expression correlated with lupus disease activity. There were no differences between control and lupus dendritic cells in the expression of other pattern recognition receptors or in the capacity to uptake zymosan particles Lupus dendritic cells have diminished endocytic capacity, which correlates with decreased mannose receptor expression. While this phenomenon appears primarily intrinsic to dendritic cells, modulation by serum factors such as IFNγ could play a role. These abnormalities may be relevant to the aberrant immune homeostasis and the increased susceptibility to infections described in lupus.
Uterine Mixed Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma and Fetal Rhabdomyoma

A polypoid uterine tumor, occurring in a 31-year-old woman, with histopathologic features of both embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and fetal rhabdomyoma is reported. The clinical and pathologic differences between pure fetal rhabdomyoma and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma are detailed and theories concerning the histogenesis of such a mixed, or intermediate, tumor are discussed. Most likely, this neoplasm represents one example in a spectrum of tumors with varying proportions of immature and mature skeletal muscle elements. Its good prognosis is in keeping with that of uterine (cervical) embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas in general, although the presence of mature skeletal muscle elements may signify an even better prognostic group of tumors.
Limit behavior of two-time-scale diffusions revisited

Abstract This work is concerned with diffusions with two-time scales or singularly perturbed diffusions. Asymptotic expansions of the solution of the associated Cauchy problem for parabolic partial differential equation are obtained and the desired error bounds are derived. These asymptotic expansions are then used to analyze related limit distributions of normalized integral functionals.
A population analysis for Be and B oxyanions

Mulliken bond overlap populations calculated for beryllium and boron oxyanions isolated from a number of minerals and synthetic compounds correlate with observed bond lengths with shorter bonds tending to involve larger overlap populations. As the populations were calculated assuming constant bond lengths and observed valence angles, the correlations are asserted to reflect the angular geometry impressed on the oxyanions by neighboring cations. Extended Huckel theory shows that the dependence of overlap population upon valence angles is greater for boron than for beryllium oxyanions. This is consistent with the observation that bond length variations in boron oxyanions are greater than those in corresponding beryllium oxyanions. As expected, observed bond lengths correlate with valence angles with the shorter bonds tending to be involved in wider angles.