cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AUTONOMIC CORRELATES OF EYE MOVEMENT BURSTS DURING STAGE REM SLEEP

During stage REM sleep, eye movements were found to be distributed in discrete bursts of rapid eye movement (REM-bursts). REM-burst time averaged approximately 10 percent of stage REM sleep and the rate within a subject was consistent from epoch-to-epoch and night-to-night. Consistent subject biases in eye movement direction were also found. Within subject correlations were obtained between REM-burst time and autonomic activity. Significant positive correlations were found for respiration rate and number of finger pulse responses. There were positive but insignificant correlations with electrodermal activity, heart rate and decreases in respiration amplitude. Autonomic variability was not significantly associated with REM-burst time.
Expertise and the organization of knowledge: Unexpected differences among genetic counselors, faculty, and students on problem categorization tasks

Chi, Feltovich, and Glaser (1981) observed that experts (physics faculty) organized problems into groups according to the underlying physics law or principle applicable, whereas the groupings of novice physics students focused on objects, literal physics terms, and physical configurations in the problems. Replication of these findings in a number of similar studies has led to the general acceptance of the proposition that the mental schemes used by experts to organize information within a content domain are organized according to the “deep structure” of the domain, whereas the schemes of novices are bound by “surface” dimensions. Categorizations of genetics problems produced by genetics counselor and faculty experts in comparison to student novices obtained in the present study, however, are inconsistent with a deep structure/surface structure dichotomy. As expected, faculty experts focused almost exclusively on conceptual principles, but student sorts focused primarily on problem knowns and unknowns. The expert counselor sortings unexpectedly resembled those of the students in this regard. Counselors also emphasized solution techniques to be used, whereas students emphasized the verbatim wording of the problem statement. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that as expertise is attained, a person restructures his/her knowledge of the domain into a framework that is based on critical dimensions that facilitate the daily use of that knowledge. Implications for theoreticians, researchers, and teachers are drawn. Whenever possible, future studies of expertise should include noneducator experts; teachers should help students develop the ability to construct and reconstruct the organizational frameworks of their knowledge so as to facilitate the effective use of that knowledge in the face of change.
Fear conditioning and passive avoidance in mice with septal lesions

Abstract In a 2-compartment choice test, mice bearing septal lesions showed a well-discriminated fear response following punishment in the preferred compartment, but showed less freezing behavior than did controls. In a second experiment, these same experimental animals showed significant deficits in passive avoidance and fear conditioning in a task which required response inhibition. The results offer support for the hypothesis that deficits in passive avoidance and fear conditioning following lesions of the septal area derive from the loss of inhibitory influences normally provided by this forebrain area.
Tuning Chemical and Physical Cross-Links in Silk Electrogels for Morphological Analysis and Mechanical Reinforcement

Electrochemically controlled, reversible assembly of biopolymers into hydrogel structures is a promising technique for on-demand cell or drug encapsulation and release systems. An electrochemically sol–gel transition has been demonstrated in regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin, offering a controllable way to generate biocompatible and reversible adhesives and other biomedical materials. Despite the involvement of an electrochemically triggered electrophoretic migration of the silk molecules, the mechanism of the reversible electrogelation remains unclear. It is, however, known that the freshly prepared silk electrogels (e-gels) adopt a predominantly random coil conformation, indicating a lack of cross-linking as well as thermal, mechanical, and morphological stabilities. In the present work, the tuning of covalent and physical β-sheet cross-links in silk hydrogels was studied for programming the structural properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed delicate morphology, including locally alig...
A comprehensive data processing and management information system for state-wide housing code enforcement in New Jersey

Abstract A unique approach to Housing Code Enforcement has been followed by the State of New Jersey, which has mandated State level housing code administration. By contractual arrangements with the State, the ability of local governments (94 municipalities) to perform inspections and solve code enforcement problems has been preserved and enhanced. This task is ideal for the application of integrated data processing technology to generate legal notices and to produce the nation's only statewide housing information base that is updated by on site inspections. This report presents an overview of New Jersey's recently designed system of statewide code enforcement. The paper covers: (1) Legal parameters; (2) Systems design; (3) File design; (4) Forms design; (5) Management reports; (6) Housing information system; (7) Operations; and (8) a look into the future of wide scale code enforcement.
An equivalent circuit characterization of power MOSFET accounting for high field and high frequency effects

An equivalent circuit model for analyzing the AC characteristics of power VDMOS transistors is presented. The model accounts for high field and saturation effects. This is achieved by incorporating dependent voltage and current sources in the device model. Results are given for the AC characteristics of a POLYFET F2001 Power VDMOSFET rated with a drain current of 1.4A, power out of 2.5W at 1GHz. The linear, quasi-saturation and saturation regions of the IV characteristics are accounted for in the analysis. The small signal device parasitics are extracted through s-parameter methods. The s-parameter results were used to extract the frequency dependent parasitics including parasitic capacitances, inductances and transconductances.
Photonic crystal biodetection using a portable smartphone system

A smartphone augmented with an optical cradle is demonstrated as a handheld detection instrument for measuring modulation of the resonant wavelength of a photonic crystal biosensor with .009 nm accuracy for point-of-use biomolecular assay applications.
Directed drift: a new linear threshold algorithm for learning binary weights on-line

Abstract Learning real weights for a McCulloch-Pitts neuron is equivalent to linear programming and can hence be done in polynomial time. Efficient local learning algorithms such as Perceptron Learning further guarantee convergence in finite time. The problem becomes considerably harder, however, when it is sought to learn binary weights; this is equivalent to integer programming which is known to be NP-complete. A family of probabilistic algorithms which learn binary weights for a McCulloch-Pitts neuron with inputs constrained to be binary is proposed here, the target functions being majority functions of a set literals. These algorithms have low computational demands and are essentially local in character. Rapid (average-case) quadratic rates of convergence for the algorithm are predicted analytically and confirmed through computer simulations when the number of examples is within capacity. It is also shown that, for the functions under consideration, Preceptron Learning converges rapidly (but to an, in general, non-binary solution weight vector).
N-Linked Glycosylation of the Human ABC Transporter ABCG2 on Asparagine 596 Is Not Essential for Expression, Transport Activity, or Trafficking to the Plasma Membrane †

The human ATP-binding cassette half-transporter ABCG2 is a 72 kDa plasma membrane protein that can confer multidrug resistance to cells in culture when overexpressed. Both transiently and stably expressed ABCG2 are glycosylated, and treatment with peptide N-glycosidase F reduces the apparent molecular mass on SDS−PAGE gels to approximately 60 kDa. Sequence analysis revealed three potential N-linked glycosylation sites in human ABCG2 at amino acids 418, 557, and 596. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments, in which each Asn was changed to Gln independently, revealed that only asparagine 596 is N-linked glycosylated. These data provide the first direct identification of the modified residue in ABCG2 and evidence for the localization of loop 5 to the extracellular space, previously only predicted from hydropathy analysis. Immunoblot and pulse-chase analyses revealed that the glycosylation-deficient ABCG2 (N596Q) variant and the glycosylated parent transporter are expressed equivalently at steady state and hav...
Degree conditions and cycle extendability

Abstract A non-Hamiltonian cycle C in a graph G is extendable if there is a cycle C ′ in G with V ( C ′) ⊃ V ( C ) with one more vertex than C . For any integer k ⩾ 0, a cycle C is k -chord extendable if it is extendable to the cycle C ′ using at most k of the chords of the cycle C . It will be shown that if G is a graph of order n , then δ ( G ) > 3 n /4 − 1 implies that any proper cycle is 0-chord extendable, δ ( G ) > 5 n /9 implies that any proper cycle is 1-chord extendable, and δ ( G ) > [ n /2] implies that any proper cycle is 2-chord extendable. Also, each of these results is sharp in the sense that the minimum degree condition cannot, in general, be lowered.
A novel multiscale topo-morphometric approach for separating arteries and veins via pulmonary CT imaging

Distinguishing arterial and venous trees in pulmonary multiple-detector X-ray computed tomography (MDCT) images (contrast-enhanced or unenhanced) is a critical first step in the quantification of vascular geometry for purposes of determining, for instance, pulmonary hypertension, using vascular dimensions as a comparator for assessment of airway size, detection of pulmonary emboli and more. Here, a novel method is reported for separating arteries and veins in MDCT pulmonary images. Arteries and veins are modeled as two iso-intensity objects closely entwined with each other at different locations at various scales. The method starts with two sets of seeds -- one for arteries and another for veins. Initialized with seeds, arteries and veins grow iteratively while maintaining their spatial separation and eventually forming two disjoint objects at convergence. The method combines fuzzy distance transform, a morphologic feature, with a topologic connectivity property to iteratively separate finer and finer details starting at a large scale and progressing towards smaller scales. The method has been validated in mathematically generated tubular objects with different levels of fuzziness, scale and noise. Also, it has been successfully applied to clinical CT pulmonary data. The accuracy of the method has been quantitatively evaluated by comparing its results with manual outlining. For arteries, the method has yielded correctness of 81.7% at the cost of 6.7% false positives and 11.6% false negatives. Our method is very promising for automated separation of arteries and veins in MDCT pulmonary images even when there is no mark of intensity variation at conjoining locations.
On Heat Transfer From Isothermal and Nonisothermal Spinning Bodies of Revolution

Forced convective heat transfer from isothermal and nonisothermal uniformly spinning bodies of revolution obtained by similar flow analysis
The geometric structure of carbon monoxide chemisorbed on the ruthenium (001) surface at low temperatures

Abstract Overlayer structures of CO on Ru(001) have been studied at low temperatures (100-300 K) using LEED. A model which involves repulsive CO-CO interactions and relative homogeneity of the Ru surface with respect to adsorption energy has been proposed to explain the experimental observations.
Low-Energy Pion-Pion S -Wave Phase Shifts

Evidence is presented for an S-wave pi pi phase shift in the isotopic spin (I = 0) state. The crossing symmetry relations are invoked at the symmetry point to give the S-wave phase shifts as functions of the c.m. mementum squared, the pi pi coupling constants, etc. The reaction p + d - He/sup 3/ + pi /sup +/ + pi /sup -/ is given as an example (T.F.H.)
Presurgical Evaluation of Epileptic Patients with Subdural Recording and Functional Mapping

: The indications and applications of brain functional mapping with subdurally implanted electrodes are reviewed briefly. The mapping can be performed outside the operating room and is useful for presurgical study of patients who have a complex distribution of epileptiform discharges and for minimizing functional deficits postoperatively. The major disadvantages of the procedure are the inflexibility of the electrode positions and the necessity of a craniotomy to insert and remove the subdural electrodes.
Electrochemical Gate-Controlled Charge Transport in Graphene in Ionic Liquid and Aqueous Solution

We have studied the electron transport behavior of electrochemically gated graphene transistors in different solutions. In an ionic liquid, we have determined the electron and hole carrier densities and estimated the concentration of charged impurities to be (1−10) × 1012 cm−2. The minimum conductivity displays an exponential decrease with the density of charged impurities, which is attributed to the impurity scattering of the carriers. In aqueous solutions, the position of minimum conductivity shifts negatively as the ionic concentration increases. The dependence of the transport properties on ionic concentration is important for biosensor applications, and the observation is modeled in terms of screening for impurity charges by the ions in solutions.
Poleward and equatorward currents in the Pacific Eastern Boundary Current in summer 1995 and 1998 and their relationship to the distribution of euphausiids

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between poleward and equatorward current patterns and the spatial distribution of euphausiids based on acoustic survey data collected in summer 1995 and 1998 in the California Current Ecosystem. Contiguous poleward (usually an undercurrent) and equatorward near-surface current core areas were identified by applying current velocity and distance thresholds along each survey transect. Both currents were pervasive along the coast, but poleward volume transport in both years was about an order of magnitude greater than the equatorward near-surface current volume transports. The poleward volume transport was higher in 1998 than in 1995, especially north of Cape Blanco. The poleward transport centroid was generally further offshore than the surface transport centroid, and was closer to the slope in 1998 than in 1995. The depth centroid of euphausiid patches was generally shallower than the depth centroid of the poleward volume transport centroids. The onshore–offshore location of euphausiid patches was significantly related to the location of the poleward transport centroids, although not in all regions. The patches were not related to the location of equatorward near-surface transport centroids. Differences in the north–south euphausiid distribution were observed between 1995 and 1998. In 1995, there was a much higher abundance of euphausiids in the region immediately north of Cape Blanco, while in 1998, euphausiid abundance was high throughout the survey area. We hypothesize this difference to be in part a result of differences in current patterns between the 2 years and the manner in which currents interact with euphausiid diel migration.
A low-power 84-dB dynamic-range tunable Gm-C filter for bio-signal acquisition

Abstract —A tunable Gm-C filter is presented for bio-signal acquisition application. It incorporates linear tunable trans-conductors utilizing MOSFETs biased in the triode region. Both the filter architecture and transconductor circuit design are optimized for good tuning, linearity and noise performance with low power consumption. The filter was fabricated in a 0.6 μ m BiCMOS process, occupying 0.17 mm 2 . Measurement results show a tuning range of cut-off frequency from 2.5 kHz to 10 kHz. At 5 kHz cut-off frequency, the filter achieves a dynamic range of 85 dB with 1% THD, and consumes 75.9 μ W from 3.3 V supply. Keywords— Gm-C filter, transconductor, bio-signal acquisition I. I NTRODUCTION Bio-potential signals provide vital information about the patient for disease diagnosis and health monitoring. Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of a typical bio-signal acquisition system. In the analog frontend, the ac-coupled low-noise amplifier (LNA) and the programmable-gain amplifier (PGA) provides gain to reduce noise contribution of subsequent blocks [1] [2]. They are followed by a low-pass filter to eliminate the out-of-band noise. In addition, this filter acts as anti-aliasing filter for the ADC backend. In biomedical applications, it is often desirable to have a filter with tunable cut-off frequency as the bio-signal can range from sub-Hz to a few kHz [3]. In a wearable or implantable system, low power consumption is imperative to extend the battery life and avoid heating of nearby tissue. Furthermore, as the bio-signal amplitude can range from several microvolts to tens of millivolts, high dynamic range (high linearity with low noise) is required to maintain fidelity of the acquired signal. All these requirements place challenges on the filter design. The filter function can be integrated in the LNA by adding load capacitors at the output of the amplifier [4]. This approach is not economic in terms of chip area because the LNA is normally placed in a feedback loop and has large trans-conductance (
Operationalizing physical literacy through sport education

Abstract Physical literacy (PL), as embodied within physical education (PE), has been vaunted as having increasing importance as a disposition for students of all abilities to establish lifelong adherence to physical activity. The purpose of this paper was to provide a discussion of how the pedagogical features of a contemporary pedagogical model, Sport Education (SE), may be used to operationalize PL in PE and what empirical evidence currently exists to validate this claim. Substantial empirical evidence exists that the attributes associated with the development of PL (Whitehead, 2010) can be operationalized in PE with the effective implementation of the model. SE has distinct pedagogical features which positively contribute to many of the dimensions of PL and can further an individuals' journey towards greater PL and having an embodied self within PE. That stated, there remains concern that the context for this embodiment remains too narrow to be viewed as a panacea for the development of lifelong physical activity. SE must be developed as a connective specialism if these PL attributes are to transform the motivation and confidence for individuals to capitalize on their innate physical potential and make a more significant contribution to the quality of life.
Retinotopic map on the visual cortex for eccentrically placed patterns: First noninvasive measurement

The observed cortical magnetic field evoked by a stimulus presented at various eccentricities in the visual field was interpreted as arising from current dipoles along the longitudinal fissure. The depth of the source increased as the eccentricity was increased, in agreement with the classical retinotopic map.
Apoptosis placentaria: mecanismos moleculares en la génesis de la preclampsia

Antecedentes: La placenta como otros organos, normalmente presenta apoptosis, proceso fundamental para el mantenimiento y renovacion de las estructuras. Para que este complejo proceso se realice con exito, es necesario la estricta sincronizacion y modulacion de las diferentes etapas de la apoptosis. Cuando la regulacion falla, sindromes patologicos como la preeclampsia pueden iniciarse. Objetivo: Revisar los mecanismos moleculares implicados en la apoptosis de la placenta y sus anomalias. Metodo: Se realizaron busquedas de los articulos sobre apoptosis placentaria y preeclampsia, en bases de datos Medline y otras fuentes cientificas. Resultados: Muchos de los articulos confirman que la apoptosis placentaria anormal en diferentes periodos de la gestacion esta involucrada en la patogenesis de la preeclampsia. Conclusiones: Las anomalias de la apoptosis placentaria estan relacionadas con el desarrollo posterior de preeclampsia.
Liver redox resistance: a dynamic model of gluconeogenic lactate metabolism.

Abstract For isolated hepatocytes from starved rats metabolising lactate, the time curves of pyruvate and glucose produced and lactate remaining are fitted with elementary mathematical functions by simple statistical procedures. The fitted functions are very close approximations to the solutions of differential equations which express the following model: 1. (1) The rate of net pyruvate production, which involves hydrogen disposal, is proportional to the rise of cytosolic redox potential. 2. (2) Glucose is produced at a rate proportional to the concentration of pyruvate, the initial substrate in the chain of reactions. 3. (3) The lactate remaining is that part not transformed into pyruvate or glucose less a small amount progressively transformed into other substances or catabolized. Since the rise of redox potential is measured in volts and the net hydrogen flux from the lactate can be expressed in amps of electron flow involved, the ratio in ohms is called a redox resistance. The estimated flux curves for hydrogen and gluconeogenic intermediates are shown4.
ELF4 is fused to ERG in a case of acute myeloid leukemia with a t(X;21)(q25–26;q22)

We report a novel chromosomal translocation in AML, t(X;21)(q25-26;q22), resulting in a fusion transcript between two ETS domain family members, ELF4 (at Xq25) and ERG (at 21q22). ERG has been associated previously with other fusion partners, specifically FUS and EWSR1, and implicated in both AML and Ewing's sarcoma. RT-PCR analysis of RNA isolated from bone marrow samples from the patient demonstrates that the translocation occurs within intron 1 of ERG isoform 1 (ERG-1) and intron 2 of ELF4 resulting in an in-frame fusion joining exon 2 from ELF4 with exon 2 of ERG. This is the first reported case of an ELF4-ERG fusion and identification of the specific ERG exon involved in the fusion that differentiates ERG isoforms. In addition, this case also directly implicates a new role for ELF4 in cancer.
Form or function? Part 1. Subjective cosmetic and functional correlates of quality of life in women treated with breast-conserving surgical procedures and radiotherapy

BACKGROUND Quality of life (QOL) after a diagnosis of cancer varies considerably across individuals. Treatment-related factors that predict QOL for women who are diagnosed with breast carcinoma require further specification. This study was designed to develop a measure of perceived aesthetic (e.g., breast shape) and functional status (e.g., pain, mobility) after breast-conserving surgical treatment (BCT) and radiotherapy, to examine the relations of these indicators with patient QOL, and to determine whether these relations varied as a function of diagnosis duration. METHODS Women (n = 185 patients) who underwent BCT and radiotherapy for Stage 0–II disease for whom the diagnosis duration ranged from 3 months to 18 years completed assessments of background information, perceived cosmetic and functional treatment outcomes, and QOL. Medical data also were obtained from medical charts. RESULTS The Breast Cancer Treatment Outcome Scale (BCTOS) produced a coherent factor structure and three internally consistent subscales (i.e., cosmetic status, functional status, and breast specific pain) that demonstrated predictive validity. With patient age, diagnosis duration, and other BCTOS subscales controlled, greater breast specific pain predicted greater depressive symptoms (P < 0.01) and lower QOL related to mental health (P < 0.05) and physical health (P < 0.05). Cosmetic status predicted QOL related to physical health (P < 0.05). The relations of breast specific pain with QOL indicators varied somewhat as a function of diagnosis duration. CONCLUSIONS Although considerable research on treatment-relevant outcomes has addressed appearance-related concerns, functional parameters have not been explored fully. Findings suggest that functional consequences of treatment, and particularly breast specific pain, also are significant influences on patient QOL. Cancer 2001;91:2273–81. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Research on Working Vacations Strategy of WLAN MAC Layer

In this paper, we analyze the DCF and PCF schemes, and study some conventional MAC algorithms. For the purpose of satisfying requirements of data transmission in integrated services, a new MAC algorithm based on working vacations is proposed in the paper. Using the continuous system simulation strategy, we design the simulation experiment of MAC algorithm. Combining queuing theory, the steady performance parameters of queuing model is obtained. The results show that the algorithm based on working vacations has an advantage over single PCF or DCF scheme in some indices such as mean queue length, mean delay time and system throughput.
Synchrotron infrared confocal microspectroscopic spatial resolution or a customized synchrotron/focal plane array system enhances chemical imaging of biological tissue or cells

Abstract Spectroscopy and spatially resolved chemical imaging of biological materials using an infrared microscope is greatly enhanced with confocal image plane masking to 5–6 μm with a third generation microspectrometer and illumination with a synchrotron radiation source compared to globar illuminated and array detection or singly masked system. Steps toward this instrumental achievement are illustrated with spectra and images of biological tissue sections, including single cells, brain, aorta, and grain specimens. A recent, customized synchrotron infrared microspectrometer installation enables focal plane array detection to achieve both rapid and high definition chemical imaging. Localization of the ester carbonyl population in single modified starch granules was used to provide direct comparison of the two advanced imaging capabilities.
Inducible and Targeted Deletion of the ERK5 MAP Kinase in Adult Neurogenic Regions Impairs Adult Neurogenesis in the Olfactory Bulb and Several Forms of Olfactory Behavior

Although adult-born neurons in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and olfactory bulb (OB) have been extensively characterized at the cellular level, their functional impact on olfactory behavior is still highly controversial with many conflicting results reported in the literature. Furthermore, signaling mechanisms regulating adult SVZ/OB neurogenesis are not well defined. Here we report that inducible and targeted deletion of erk5, a MAP kinase selectively expressed in the adult neurogenic regions of the adult brain, impairs adult neurogenesis in the SVZ and OB of transgenic mice. Although erk5 deletion had no effect on olfactory discrimination among discrete odorants in the habituation/dishabituation assay, it reduced short-term olfactory memory as well as detection sensitivity to odorants and pheromones including those evoking aggression and fear. Furthermore, these mice show impaired acquisition of odor-cued associative olfactory learning, a novel phenotype that had not been previously linked to adult neurogenesis. These data suggest that ERK5 MAP kinase is a critical kinase signaling pathway regulating adult neurogenesis in the SVZ/OB, and provide strong evidence supporting a functional role for adult neurogenesis in several distinct forms of olfactory behavior.
Baseline characteristics of a multiethnic lupus cohort: PROFILE

Purpose: To report the baseline characteristics of a US multi-ethnic, multi-regional, multi-institution cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and how it was constituted. Method...
Environmental Conditions Affect the Behavior of Captive, Migratory White-Crowned Sparrows

Abstract Many aspects of migration have been studied extensively, but little is known of how environmental conditions influence the behaviors displayed by migrants. Field studies suggest that such environmental factors as atmospheric conditions, nocturnal illumination, and food availability can affect migratory activity. We used 24 hr locomotor activity records and specific behaviors displayed by captive migrants to determine how nocturnal illumination and food restriction altered the migratory behavior of Gambel's White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii). Our results indicated that nocturnal locomotor activity was enhanced with increased nocturnal illumination at the source from 0 to 9 lux, even though the intensity of illumination that reached the birds remained <1 lux. Food deprivation had little effect on migratory restlessness per se, but resulted in increased locomotor activity during daylight hours and behaviors associated with attempts to escape from the cage. Thus, we suggest that...
Fine-mapping and comprehensive transcript analysis reveals nonsynonymous variants within a novel 1.17 Mb blood pressure QTL region on rat chromosome 10

The presence of blood pressure (BP) quantitative trait loci (QTL) on rat chromosome 10 has been clearly demonstrated by linkage analysis and substitution mapping. Using congenic strains containing the LEW rat chromosomal segments on the Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rat background, further iterations of congenic substrains were constructed and characterized to fine-map a chromosome 10 region (QTL1) linked to blood pressure. Comparison of seven congenic substrains refined QTL1 to a 1.17 Mb segment flanked by D10Mco88 and D10Mco89, which are located at 71,513,116 and 72,684,774 bp, respectively. The newly defined QTL1, containing 18 genes, is captured in its entirety within a single congenic substrain. A thorough transcript analysis revealed that 3 of these 18 genes, Ccl5, Ddx52, and RGD1559577, had nonsynonymous allelic variations between the S rat and the LEW rat. None of the detected transcripts within the newly defined QTL1 are implicated directly in BP control in humans or model organisms. Therefore, the present work defines a novel blood pressure QTL with three potential quantitative trait nucleotides.
The cytomorphology of pleuropulmonary blastoma.

Abstract Pleuropulmonary blastoma is a rare, primitive primary neoplasm of the thorax in young children. The tumor, which is often but not always associated with cystic lung lesions, may arise in pulmonary parenchyma, the mediastinum, and pleura. Histologically, it is characterized by a biphasic neoplastic population of undifferentiated-appearing small round cells and larger spindle-shaped cells. A proportion of these cancers may also manifest more specific mesenchymal differentiation. In contrast to the pulmonary blastoma of adults, a malignant epithelial component does not occur. We present herein the third known case of a fine needle aspiration biopsy of a pleuropulmonary blastoma in a 5-year-old girl. The smears were moderately cellular and included an admixture of the characteristic small ovoid blastemal elements and scattered spindled mesenchymal tumor cells.
A terrestrial optical scatter communications model

The authors describe a computer model for predicting the total propagation loss and bit-error rate that occurs over a terrestrial forward optical-scatter communications channel. They describe the model in detail and present predictions of the communications performance over a terrestrial optical-scatter channel. These results indicate that data rates as high as 2400 b/s can be supported over paths up to 400 km in length under clear conditions. These results show that optical scatter may have important military applications. >
Mechanico-transduction through selectins signals integrin mediated neutrophil arrest under shear flow

Evidence is provided for activation of neutrophils rolling on E-selectin, independent of signaling through G-proteins. A cooperative mechanism in which L-selectin and PSGL-1 were required for optimal activation was found. Neutrophil emigration appears to be regulated by shear and signals transduced through selectins during tethering and rolling.
An Individual Difference Measure of Motivation to Control Prejudiced Reactions

The present research examines the assertion that individuals differ in the extent to which they seek to control the expression of prejudice. The authors developed the Motivation to Control Prejudiced Reactions Scale to assess this individual difference. Psychometric properties of the scale are reported, including its stable two-factor structure across samples. In addition, evidence regarding predictive validity is presented. The expression of racial prejudice on self-report measures was moderated by the extent to which respondents reported being motivated to inhibit prejudiced reactions. Specifically, the authors observed interactions between unobtrusive estimates of racial attitudes based on automatic attitude activation and scores on the Motivation to Control Prejudiced Reactions Scale when predicting self-reported evaluations. Motivated individuals expressed less prejudiced responses even if their unobtrusive estimates revealed automatically activated negativity in response to Blacks. In contrast, the ...
Epidemiology of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome in children hospitalized in USA

Background Previous studies of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS) in children are limited to case series or single-institution reviews, which describe HHS primarily in children with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective To estimate the incidence and describe the epidemiologic characteristics of HHS among children in USA. Subjects All discharges in the Kids' Inpatient Database – a triennial, nationwide, stratified probability sample of hospital discharges for years 1997–2009 – with age 0–18 yr and a diagnosis of HHS. Methods Using sample weights, we calculated the incidence and population rate of hospitalization with a diagnosis of HHS. Results Our sample included 1074 HHS hospitalizations; of these, 42.9% were 16–18 yr, 70.6% had type 1 diabetes (T1D), and 53.0% had major or extreme severity of illness. The median length of stay was 2.6 d, 2.7% of hospitalizations ended in death, and median hospital charge was $10 882. When comparing HHS hospitalizations by diabetes type, the proportion with T1D fell steadily with age, from 89.1% among children 0–9 yr, to 65.1% in 16–18 yr olds. Patients with T1D had a shorter length of stay by 0.9 d, and had a lower median charge by $5311. There was no difference in mortality by diabetes type. Population rates for HHS hospitalization rose 52.4% from 2.1 to 3.2 per 1 000 000 children from 1997 to 2009. Conclusion Hospitalizations for a diagnosis of HHS have high morbidity and are increasing in incidence since 1997. In contrast to prior reports, we found a substantial percentage of HHS hospitalizations occurred among children with T1D.
Finite element analysis of the cross-section of wind turbine blades; a comparison between shell and 2D-solid models

A very detailed 2D-solid finite element model is developed representing the load-carrying box girder of a wind turbine blade. Using typical geometrical values for the girder dimensions and public available material data, the overall cross-sectional behaviour is analysed for a simple compressive line load. The results are compared with result from similar shell models, which typically are used for practical design. Usually, good agreement between the shell models and the detailed 2D-solid model is found for the deflections, strains and stresses in regions with loads from pure bending. However, large differences can exist in regions where the loading is dominated by shear. It is found that geometrical non-linearity starts to become important when deflections are of the same order as the laminate thickness.
Characterization of a novel parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor with specificity for the carboxyl-terminal region of PTH-(1-84)

Carboxyl-terminal fragments of PTH (C-PTH) appear to have biological properties different from those mediated by the amino-terminal portions of PTH and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP). To characterize a C-PTH receptor that may be involved in mediating these functions, we performed RRAs and affinity cross-linking studies with several clonal cell lines. Radiolabeled recombinant [Leu8,18,Tyr34]human PTH-(1-84)[mutPTH-(1-84) and [Tyr34] human PTH-(19-84)[mutPTH-(19-84) showed little or no specific binding to stably expressed recombinant PTH/PTHrP receptors. However, high affinity binding was observed using osteoblast-like and rat parathyroid (PT-r3) cells. The apparent Kd values were 20-30 nM for PTH-(1-84), mutPTH-(1-84), and mutPTH-(19-84), respectively; 400-800 nM for PTH-(39-84); and more than 5000 nM for PTH-(53-84). [Nle8,18,Tyr34]bovine PTH-(1-34)amide [PTH-(1-34)], PTH-(44-68), PTHrP-(37-74), and PTHrP-(109-141) showed no displacement of either radioligand. C-PTH receptor number was increased up to 2-fold...
Letters of Recommendation: Controversy and consensus from expert perspectives

Department of Psychology, Social Science 369, University at Albany, State University of New York 1400,Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA. jn0702@albany.eduLetters of recommendation (LORs) are a widely used selection tool with many issuesassociated with their use. To address some of these issues, 575 professionals in personnel-related professions reported their experiences with LORs. We separated items intoconsensus, polarized, or neither categories. Experts reached consensus that letterinﬂation is a problem that may never be alleviated and that more weight is placed onletters written by someone the reader knows or from a prestigious institution ororganization. Most items were polarized, suggesting substantial controversy in the ﬁeldregarding LORs. Some items originally polarized reached consensus within profession(academic vs applied). Academic professionals reported using LORs more and placingmore weight on their contents than applied professionals. Implications discussed includerecommendations for future research and practice, such as the appropriate use of LORs,LOR formats, and training.
D.h. lawrence and modern destructiveness

This article discusses twentieth century societal destructiveness as reflected in four key prose works by D.H. Lawrence--the novels Sons and Lovers, Women in Love, Lady Chatterley's Lover and the early travel book Twilight in Italy. Sons and Lovers, which projects the young Lawrence persona's struggle between life and death, partly accounts for a deepening sensitivity to life and death in modern society in Lawrence's subsequent works. It is seen that Lawrence's writings depict the perilous trends today towards the mechanization of our fundamental being, and the resultant life-threatening qualities of sensationalism and reduction of the individual inner life.
The role of continuous renal replacement therapy in the future treatment of acute renal failure

Abstract In considering continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in future therapeutic regimens for acute renal failure (ARF), three relevant areas of interest have been examined: changes in the nature and perception of ARF as an illness; the emerging roles of CRRT in ARF management; and the use of dialysis modes in conjunction with newer pharmacologic treatments in ARF. Regarding changing patterns and perceptions of ARF, there are a number of important issues in relation to future therapy. ARF in the 1990s is predominantly a nonoliguric disorder that has a better outcome than oliguric ARF and may have a positive effect on overall mortality compared with previous decades. Rates of increases of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels in the current decade are little changed, however, in large part because of catabolism and high protein infusion formulae. Of related interest is recent information that baseline serum creatinine is a poor predictor of subsequent dialysis need and mortality in ARF. Other outcome predictive scoring systems, while improved, still lack the precision for general application in patient treatment decisions. Given that there is increasing evidence of abnormal vascular reactivity predisposing to recurrent ischemia in ARF and new evidence of negative renal effects of bioincompatible dialyzer membranes, the issue of early and intensive dialysis in ARF needs to be re-examined using CRRT with biocompatible membranes, rather than standard intermittent dialysis. Finally, pharmacologic agents currently under study that may have clinical efficacy have variable levels of hypotensive side effects. It is very likely that when combination treatment using dialysis and these newer drugs is considered, it will require CRRT.
New Ends, New Means, but Old Attitudes: Citizens' Views on Open Government and Government 2.0

This paper sees open government and government 2.0 as a new ends and a new means of e-government. Analyzing the Pew Research Center's national survey (2009 Government Online), it focuses on what influences citizens' attitude about open government and government 2.0. Four main findings are presented. First, using the existing e-government services does not have a significant influence on attitude for open government, but recent experience of government 2.0 contributes to positive attitude for government 2.0. Second, those who appreciate transactions with e-government significantly have positive attitude for open government and government 2.0. Third, general trust in government forms attitude for the new mode of e-government. Last, frequent Web use and broadband adoption do not affect citizen attitude for the new ends and means. Conclusively, the study reveals that despite the introduction of the new ends and means for e-government, citizens' attitude for what a government newly does would not change much.
Extensional rheology in food processing

The end effect pressure corrections for capillary flow of maize have been studied. The influence of shear rate, temperature and moisture on extensional and shear rheology has been studied. The extensional viscosity calculated according to the Cogswell formula is approximately two orders of magnitude greater than the shear viscosity for both maize and low density polyethylene. As an alternative approach a cooking extruder has been used to feed a slit die to obtain rheological properties. The results show similarities between the two measurement methods for low density polyethylene although some differences were found for maize. Variation of the extruder screw speed shows the importance of shear history in estimates of extensional and shear rheology of foods.
Efficacy of Coordinated Distributed Multiple Attacks (A Proactive Approach to Cyber Defense)

The goal of the proposed coordinated distributed multiple attack (CDMA) is to strike a selected adversarial network and render its services useless. In this attack, a number of compromised systems are used as facilitators in a coordinated manner to launch an attack on a victims host or network. By distributing the attack and varying the type of attack the source attacker exhibits a decreased intensity of activity; therefore, the attack becomes harder to detect. Meanwhile, the concentrated effect on the victim is sufficient to overload network peripherals and systems, resulting in denial of service. In CDMAs an adversary can target a wide range of vulnerabilities present in victims operating systems, protocol stacks, applications, network infrastructure, etc.
Effect of Grain Orientation on NBTI Variation and Recovery in Emerging Metal-Gate Devices

This letter identifies and investigates the effect of grain orientation (GO) on negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) characteristics of emerging metal-gate devices. A modified reaction-diffusion model is presented for estimating the effect of GO on NBTI. It is shown that neglecting the GO effect leads to substantial underestimation of the impact of the gate-oxide electric field (EOX) on the threshold voltage degradation (ΔVTH). Moreover, GO results in significant fluctuation in EOX and, hence, fluctuation in NBTI for ultrascaled CMOS devices. In addition, in FinFETs, stand-alone GO-induced gate-oxide electric field not only results in ΔVTH fluctuation but also decelerates the recovery process.
Applications of Empirical Science in Manufacturing and Service Operations

This paper sets the stage for the special issue on the application of empirical science in operations management (OM). It highlights the contributions that empirical science can make to operations management research and practice. In particular, the role of theory building and testing as a motivation for OM empirical research is emphasized. The paper provides a brief history of the empirical tradition in OM and the scholars who were the early pioneers. The paper also gives a brief overview of the most widely used approaches to empirical research and concludes with a summary of the papers that are included in this volume.
William Gibbons, Building the Operatic Museum: Eighteenth-century Opera in Fin-de-Siècle Paris

In the quiet lodgings where the great aunt livesEverything recalls the bygone days of olden times,The courtyard with its sonorous wells, the old servant,And the century-old tarnished mirrors…Willia...
Observations On the Snout-Beetle, Evotus Naso Lec., On Apple Trees At Yakima, Washington

The species is recorded as feeding on apple buds for the first time. There are observation on the feeding habits, oviposition and life history.
Chemoprophylaxis Use and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Death in Adult Patients following Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Background:Coagulation abnormalities in end-stage liver disease may preclude patients from receiving venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis immediately following orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods:To identify risk factors for VTE and death following liver transplantation, a retrospective chart review was conducted in adult liver transplant recipients from January 1, 2001, to October 1, 2011.Results:In 716 transplantations in 701 patients, the overall incidence of VTE was 2.1%. The incidence was 3.6% in patients who received chemoprophylaxis compared to 1.4% in those without chemoprophylaxis (P = .06). Most patients (69.5%) did not receive chemoprophylaxis postsurgery during their hospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression modeling revealed no association between the use of chemoprophylaxis (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.5 [0.45-4.7], P = .53) and VTE. A significant positive association was observed between the use of chemoprophylaxis (adjusted OR 3.2 [1.3-8.0], P = .01) and death.Conclusion:Us...