cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Adaptive Feedback Noise Control Approach Using Q-Parameterization

An algorithm is presented which uses adaptive Q-parameterized compensators for control of sound. All stabilizing feedback compensators can be described in terms of plant coprime factors and a free parameter, Q, which can be any stable function. By generating a feedback signal containing only disturbance information, the parameterized compensator allows Q to be designed in an open-loop fashion. The problem of designing Q to yield desired noise reduction is formulated as an on-line gradient descent-based adaptation process. Coefficient update equations are derived for different forms of Q, including digital finite impulse response (FIR) and lattice infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. Simulations predict good performance for both tonal and broadband disturbances, and a duct feedback noise control experiment results in a 37 dB tonal reduction.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Sodium-Neural Interactions in the Development of Spontaneous Hypertension

The influence of alterations in sodium intake on blood pressure and indices of peripheral sympathetic activity was studied during the development of hypertension in the SHR. Male SHRs were given a diet containing either low (0.05%), normal (0.29%) or high (3.4%) sodium content beginning at 7 weeks of age. Systolic blood pressure was measured weekly by the tail cuff method in conscious animals. Three weeks after initiation of the diets 24 hour urines were collected for analysis of catecholamines. Plasma catecholamines were measured and the blood pressure response to ganglionic blockade (hexamethonium bromide, 30 mgm/kg) determined. High sodium resulted in a marked increase in the severity of hypertension that was associated with an increase in plasma and urinary norepinephrine concentration and an exaggerated depressor response to ganglionic blockade. In addition, a highly significant positive correlation was seen between plasma norepinephrine concentration and systolic blood pressure. The results are comp...
Fixation effects on the fine structure of enamel crystal-matrix relationships.

The organic matrix of enamel presents two distinct forms within each prism of developing crystals. The first, which is present prior to crystal formation, is homogeneous in appearance and is confined mainly to recesses at the apical end of the ameloblast. The second, in the form of an elliptical tubule of increased electron density, surrounds each crystal. The tubule is apparently organized at the time of crystal formation, for it is not seen earlier. The absence of crystals within tubules near the cell in glutaraldehyde-fixed material is incompatible with observations made on osmium-fixed tissue, where all tubules surround crystals regardless of their distance from the ameloblast. Sequential fixation in osmium, followed by glutaraldehyde, improved the ease of tubule visualization, and all tubules contain crystals regardless of their proximity to the cell. After EDTA demineralization the relatively dense elliptical tubule persists even though the hydroxyapatite crystal is removed.
Protein facilitation of group I intron splicing by assembly of the catalytic core and the 5′ splice site domain

The yeast mitochondrial group I intron b15 undergoes self-splicing at high Mg2+ concentrations, but requires the splicing factor CBP2 for reaction under physiological conditions. Chemical accessibility and UV cross-linking experiments now reveal that self-processing is slow because functional elements are not properly positioned in an active tertiary structure. Folding energy provided by CBP2 drives assembly of two RNA domains that comprise the catalytic core and meditates association of an approximately 100 nt 5' domain that contains the 5' splice site. Thus, the protein assembles RNA secondary structure elements into a specific three-dimensional array while the RNA provides the catalytic center. The division of labor between RNA and protein illustrated by this simple system reveals principles applicable to complex ribonucleoprotein assemblies such as the spliceosome and ribosome.
Simple and contingent adaptation effects for place of articulation in stop consonants.

Experiments on selective adaptation have shown that the locus of the phonetic category boundary between two segments shifts after repetitive listening to an adapting stimulus. Theoretical interpretations of these results have proposed that adaptation occurs either entirely at an auditory level of processing or at both auditory and more abstract phonetic levels. The present experiment employed two alternating stimuli as adaptors in an attempt to distinguish between these two possible explanations. Two alternating stimuli were used as adaptors in order to test for the presence of contingent effects and to compare these results to simple adaptation using only a single adaptor. Two synthetic CV series with different vowels that varied the place of articulation of the consonant were employed. When two alternating adaptors were used, contingent adaptation effects were observed for the two stimulus series. The direction of the shifts in each series was governed by the vowel context of the adapting syllables. Using the single adaptor data, a comparison was made between the additive effects of the single adaptors and their combined effects when presented in alternating pairs. With voiced adaptors, only within-series adaptation effects were found, and these data were consistent with a on,level model of selective adaptation. However, for the voiceless adaptors, both within- and cross-series adaptation effects were found, suggesting the possible presence of two levels of adaptation to place of articulation. Further, the contingent adaptation effects with the voiceless adaptors seemed to be the result of the additive effects of the two alternating adaptors. This result indicates that previously reported contingent adaptation results may also reflect the net vowel specific adaptation effects after cancellation of other, nonvowel dependent effects and that caution is needed in interpreting such results.
Racial and ethnic disparities in self‐assessed health status: Evidence from the national survey of families and households

Abstract We examined racial and ethnic disparities in global health assessment and functional limitations of daily activities among whites, blacks and Hispanics, and within the Hispanic origin among Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and ‘Others’. Logistic regressions were employed to estimate the log odds of reporting ‘poor health’ and ‘having functional limitations’ among 12 814 respondents from the 1987—1988 National Survey of Families and Households. Compared with whites, blacks had an increased risk of reporting poor health and functional limitations. Hispanics had even a higher risk of reporting poor health, but did not have an increased risk of reporting functional limitations. Among Hispanics, Mexicans were more likely than whites to report poor health, whereas Puerto Ricans were more likely than whites to experience functional limitations. Both race and ethnicity remain important factors in explaining the disparities in self‐assessed health status independent of socioeconomic status (SES). Meanwhil...
Beyond “Dudecore”? Challenging Gendered and “Raced” Technologies Through Media Activism

This article follows media activists trying to transform the media system by broadening access to technology and skills. These activists intend for technological engagement to be compatible with a ...
The Src kinase Lyn is a negative regulator of mast cell proliferation

Previous investigators have reported that deletion of the protein tyrosine kinase Lyn alters mast cell (MC) signaling responses but does not affect or reduces the cytokine-mediated proliferation of mouse bone marrow-derived MC (BMMC) precursors and of mature MC. We observed that Lyn-deficient mice have more peritoneal MC than wild-type (WT) mice. Studies to explore this unexpected result showed that Lyn(-/-) BM cells expand faster than WT cells in response to interleukin (IL)-3 and stem-cell factor over the 4-5 weeks required to produce a >95% pure population of granular, receptor with high affinity for immunoglobulin E-positive BMMC. Furthermore, differentiated Lyn(-/-) BMMC continue to proliferate more rapidly than WT BMMC and undergo less apoptosis in response to cytokine withdrawal. Additionally, Lyn(-/-) BMMC support greater IL-3-mediated phosphorylation of the prosurvival kinase, Akt, and the proliferative kinase, extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2. These results identify Lyn as a negative regulator of murine MC survival and proliferation.
A new mouthstick prosthesis for handicapped patients

Abstract Most mouthstick prostheses previously described in the literature have severely limited application or availability. They are either highly specific and sophisticated and difficult to fabricate or very crude and unifunctional. Most do not conform to basic functional and physiologic criteria as outlined, nor are they sufficiently flexible to meet the various needs and physical capabilities of a wide spectrum of patients. The prosthesis described is adaptable, and with the basic bite-stick and the friction-grip lock, the patient can change the form and function of the device to perform various tasks independently. The prosthesis is simple, inexpensive, and easy to fabricate and repair, and it needs no specialized or sophisticated parts. It enables handicapped patients to attain a greater degree of self-sufficiency than was previously possible, which improves their mental outlook.
Inclusive electron scattering at high Q2 in the region 1 < x < 3

Abstract New inclusive electron scattering data at high Q 2 from nuclei taken in the x -range unavailable to the free nucleon are presented. The rations of cross section per nucleon, case|4/56d σ Fe /d σ He , show a plateau for 1.3 x x at low momentum transfer. A proposal for a new experiment is discussed.
Optical spatial filtering for image encryption and security systems

This paper reviews a number of optical information processing techniques for encryption, security and anticounterfeiting.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Towards a comprehensive volume visualization system

The VolVis system has been developed to satisfy the diverse requirements of the volume visualization community by comfortably housing numerous visualization algorithms and methods within a consistent and well organized framework. The VolVis system is supported by a generalized abstract model which provides for both geometric and volumetric constructs. VolVis contains several rendering algorithms that span the speed versus accuracy continuum. A fast volume rendering algorithm has been developed, which is capable of exploiting existing graphics hardware without placing any viewing restrictions or compromising accuracy. In addition, VolVis includes a volumetric navigation facility, key-frame animation generator, quantitative analysis tools, and a generalized protocol for communicating with 3D input devices. >
Computational/Experimental Aeroelastic Study for a Horizontal-Tail Model with Free Play

A computational code has been developed for aeroelastic analysis for an all-movable horizontal tail, and a companion wind-tunnel test program has been conducted. The structural bending and torsional stiffness are based upon an experimental tail model that has served as the basis for free-play design criteria. A linear three-dimensional time-domain vortex-lattice aerodynamic model is used to study the flutter and also nonlinear limit-cycle oscillations induced by a free-play gap in the actuating mechanism at the root of the tail as well as the effects of the root rotation angle (nominal angle of attack) on limit-cycle-oscillation response and gravity loads. It is found that the root rotation angle, gravity loads, and the initial conditions all significantly affect the limit-cycle-oscillation behavior. The computed aeroelastic responses are compared with the experimental data.
The Homeland Archipelago: Neoliberal Urban Governance after September 11

In the post-9/11 period, the power of the concept of neoliberalism to describe US social and political dynamics has been questioned, particularly in light of discourses emphasizing the disaggregation of state power. Relying primarily on ethnographic data collected in Philadelphia between 2000 and 2005, this article examines the melding of neoliberal governance and Homeland Security ideology in the figure of `home', as a social construct more collective than the individual and more private than the community. Examining the arenas of community-based policing through Town Watch, and urban redevelopment through eminent domain, the article argues that the protection of `home' has become a mechanism through which the sometimes contradictory imperatives of capitalism and state governance may be promoted by municipalities and contested by urban residents, particularly those in minority and working-class communities.
bcn-1 Element-dependent Activation of the Laminin γ1 Chain Gene by the Cooperative Action of Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) and Smad Proteins

Laminin is a major component of the extracellular matrix. The laminin γ1 chain is the least variant component of the laminin heterotrimeric assembly. The laminin γ1 chain gene (LAMC1) expression is induced by several factors, including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). LAMC1 promoter contains a highly conserved transcriptional element, bcn-1. We screened cDNA libraries with the yeast one-hybrid system to identify transcriptional factors that are recognized by the bcn-1 motif. Using this strategy we isolated the basic helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper (bHLHzip) E-box-binding transcription factor, TFE3. Until now, the E-box was the only element known to recruit the bHLHzip transcription factors. Although the bcn-1 element only remotely resembles the E-box sequence, we show that TFE3 binds and activates the bcn-1 element. TFE3 cooperates with Smad proteins in the activation of the LAMC1 promoter in cells, an effect that is critically dependent not only on the bcn-1 element but also on one of the Smad-binding elements (SBE). The cooperative induction of the LAMC1 promoter and the endogenous LAMC1 gene by TFE3 and Smad3 is augmented by the TGF-β signaling pathway. Thus, the bcn-1 is a novel TFE3-dependent TGF-β target element that regulates LAMC1 gene expression.
Investigation of the Reaction Pathways in Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3 over V2O5 Catalysts: Isotopic Labeling Studies Using 18O2, 15NH3, 15NO, and 15N18O

Abstract Isotopic tracer studies were performed to investigate the reaction network of selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide over vanadia catalysts having preferential exposure of different crystal planes. The catalysts were characterized using BET surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, 3-D imaging, and thermal analysis techniques. The product analysis was carried out by a combination of chemiluminescence NOx analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and chemical titration methods. The isotopic labeling experiments were performed under steady-state reaction conditions by using NH3 + NO + 16O2 → NH3 + NO + 18O2, 14NH3 + NO + O2 → 15NH3 + NO + O2, NH3 + 14NO + O2 → NH3 + 15NO + O2, and NH3 + 14NO16O + 16O2 → NH3 + 15NO18O + 18O2 switches. Interaction of NO with the vanadia surface was also studied using a 14NO16O → 15NO18O switch. The results obtained in these experiments were combined with the tracer studies performed in ammonia oxidation reactions over the same catalysts to elucidate the reaction pathways involved in SCR reactions, to compare the surface residence times of nitrogen containing species, as well as to quantify the role of ammonia oxidation in SCR reactions.
Somatostatin inhibits insulin and glucagon release by monolayer cell cultures of rat endocrine pancreas.

Abstract Dihydrosomatostatin (0.001–1.0 ug/ml) inhibited both insulin and glucagon secretion by monolayer cell cultures of newborn rat pancreas. When cultures were incubated with somatostatin and then rinsed, the effect of somatostatin appeared to last longer on the pancreatic alpha cell than on the beta cell as indicated by a more prolonged inhibition of glucagon secretion than of insulin release. Submaximal inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release by somatostatin was partially reversed by increasing the concentration of glucose. We conclude that the effect of somatostatin appears to be mediated directly on the pancreatic endocrine cells.
Microbial seascapes revisited

A remarkable array of new discoveries is emerging from studies of naturally occurring marine microbes. These discoveries originate from novel applications of evolving technologies, ranging from molecular phylogenetics to stable isotope analyses, to advanced microscopic techniques, to genomics. As a consequence, new perspectives on the natural history of marine microbes, the inseparable nature of the geological and biological worlds, and a plethora of unexpected new genotypes, phenotypes and physiologies are now being revealed. As our observations of naturally occurring microbes become increasingly more sophisticated, so will theory, technical applications and predictive capabilities in microbial ecology.
Nanoplasmonic optical switch based on Ga-Si3N4-Ga waveguide

In this paper, we propose an optical switch based on a metal-insulator-metal plasmonic waveguide with Si 3 N 4 core sandwiched between two gallium (Ga) metal layers. Combining the unique structural phase transition property of gallium, within a total length of only 400 nm, an extinction ratio as high as 7.68 dB can be achieved in the proposed nanoplasmonic structure. The phase transition may be achieved by changing the temperature of the waveguide or by external light excitation.
Proton‐ionizable crown compounds. 13. Synthesis and structural studies of crown compounds containing the triazole subcyclic unit and lipophilic substituents

Eight new macrocyclic polyether ligands containing the proton-ionizable triazole subcyclic unit have been prepared. Most of these compounds contain octyl, benzo or cyclohexano lipophilic groups. The unsubstituted triazolo-18-crown-6 (5) formed an unusual complex with silver ion. The crystal structure of this silver complex showed one crown complexed with one silver cation and two associated silver nitrate molecules. The new lipophilic triazolo-crowns are being tested as cation carriers for alkali and other metal cations in a bulk liquid membrane system.
Saturation Effects in Moderately Diluted Cesium Chromium Alum

The steady-state saturation method was used to investigate the paramagnetic relaxation of the chromium ion in cesium chromium (aluminum) sulfate at 24 kMc/sec and at liquid-helium temperatures. The relaxation behavior was studied as a function of the intensity of the microwave field, the temperature, the magnetic-ion concentration, and the spin transition. For the power range used, a single relaxation parameter was found adequate to describe the saturation behavior. The Cr/Al ion concentration was varied between $\frac{1}{0}$ and $\frac{1}{93}$. For each of the spin transitions investigated, it was found that the relaxation parameter increased with magnetic dilution. For all of the samples tested, the temperature dependence of the relaxation parameter ${T}_{1}$ in the range 1.6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K could be expressed by the relation ${T}_{1}T=\mathrm{const}$. The results suggest that for these samples the direct process spin-lattice interaction is the dominant energy bottleneck and that more energy-transfer paths are available at the higher magnetic concentrations.
Missed opportunities for pregnancy prevention among insured adolescents.

Importance Birth to a teenaged mother is associated with adverse health and social outcomes. Adolescents at risk for pregnancy may not receive needed reproductive health services at primary care visits. Objective To review services provided at outpatient visits in the year prior to pregnancy among adolescents in a US Midwestern integrated health care delivery system. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective medical record review of continuously insured adolescents aged 15 to 19 years experiencing pregnancy in a nonprofit Minnesota health care organization. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary care visits in the year prior to pregnancy. Results Adolescents experiencing a pregnancy with stable insurance coverage had an estimated average of 2.7 primary care visits in the 12 months prior to becoming pregnant. Medical record review revealed that 57% did not have documentation of sexual activity and 47% did not have documentation of reproductive health counseling. These rates varied by health care professional type and visit type. Only 35% had contraception prescribed within 12 months of becoming pregnant and only 1 had a long-acting contraceptive prescribed. Conclusions and Relevance Our data highlight the need for primary care professionals to review health behaviors and pregnancy risk at all adolescent encounters.
Cavitation Damage From an Induced Secondary Vortex

This paper will present the results from a water tunnel investigation of cavitation damage from a secondary flow induced by the interaction between a non-cavitating vortex and a fin at angle of attack. The experimental setup will be presented along with images illustrating the phenomenon. A hypothesis for the generation of the secondary flow cavitation will be proffered along with results of a preliminary mitigation scheme.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Photoionization of highly charged carbonlike ions.

Close-coupling calculations using the {ital R}-matrix method have been carried out for the photoionization cross sections of carbonlike ions: F{sup 3+}, Ne{sup 4+}, Na{sup 5+}, Mg{sup 6+}, Al{sup 7+}, Si{sup 8+}, S{sup 10+}, Ar{sup 12+}, Ca{sup 14+}, and Fe{sup 20+}, which are of interest in the calculation of plasma opacities. This is an extension of previous work for radiative data for the C sequence. Detailed results including extensive structures due to autoionizing resonances are presented for the ground states; however, the calculations have also been carried out for a large number of excited bound states of each ion and their features are discussed. The partial photoionization cross sections of the ground state into excited states of the residual ion are obtained. The effect of resonances on the branching ratios of partial cross sections at excited thresholds is discussed. Interesting features related to the {ital Z} dependence of the ground-state photoionization cross sections of all ions in the C sequence are discussed.
Hybrid Active Contour–Incorporated Sign Detection Algorithm

Traffic signs are one of the important roadway assets. Transportation agencies are required to inventory sign assets, but current manual traffic sign inventory methods are labor-intensive and time-...
Serum cholesterol level and mortality findings for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group.

Background.— With increased efforts to lower serum cholesterol levels, it is important to quantify associations between serum cholesterol level and causes of death other than coronary heart disease, for which an etiologic relationship has been established. Methods.— For an average of 12 years, 350 977 men aged 35 to 57 years who had been screened for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial were followed up following a single standardized measurement of serum cholesterol level and other coronary heart disease risk factors; 21 499 deaths were identified. Results.— A strong, positive, graded relationship was evident between serum cholesterol level measured at initial screening and death from coronary heart disease. This relationship persisted over the 12-year follow-up period. No association was noted between serum cholesterol level and stroke. The absence of an association overall was due to different relationships of serum cholesterol level with intracranial hemorrhage and nonhemorrhagic stroke. For the latter, a positive, graded association with serum cholesterol level was evident. For intracranial hemorrhage, cholesterol levels less than 4.14 mmol/L ( Conclusions.— The association of serum cholesterol with specific causes of death varies in direction, strength, gradation, and persistence. Further research on the determinants of low serum cholesterol level in populations and long-term follow-up of participants in clinical trials are necessary to assess whether inverse associations with noncardiovascular disease causes of death are consequences of noncardiovascular disease, whether serum cholesterol level and noncardiovascular disease are both consequences of other factors, or whether these associations are causal. ( Arch Intern Med . 1992;152:1490-1500)
Management of respite and personal assistance services in a consumer-directed family support programme.

Background The present study explores the management of respite and personal assistance services by families with relatives with developmental disability (DD). It focuses on the control of families over recruiting, hiring, training, scheduling, directing and negotiating wages of the staff they hire to provide services. Methods Surveys from 97 families using paid respite or personal assistance services were used to test associations between: 1) level of control of services and outcome variables; 2) hiring relatives to provide services and outcome variables. Results More control by families in the management of their respite/personal assistance services was associated with increased service satisfaction, increased community involvement of individuals with DD and increased employment of mothers. Families tended to hire friends, neighbours, and to a great extent, other family members. Hiring of other relatives to provide services was associated with the increased community involvement of individuals with DD. Conclusions The present study supports the idea that there are benefits for both caregivers and individuals with DD with increased control of respite and personal assistance services. The study also supports benefits associated with hiring relatives and recommends additional research in this area to guide policies.
Electron microscopic differentiation of directly and transneuronally transported DiI and applications for studies of synaptogenesis

The neuronal tracer DiI is a lipophilic dye which diffuses along the lipid bilayer of membranes and sometimes will move transcellularly. We used this tracer to study the development of olivocochlear synapses in the auditory system in rats and chickens by applying DiI directly to severed axons in the olivocochlear bundle. Observations with epi-fluorescent microscopy showed that DiI had labelled efferent axons directly and had labelled spiral ganglion cells and hair cells transneuronally. Ultrastructural analysis of photoconverted DiI tissue in rats revealed that transneuronal diffusion occurred when the plasma membrane of directly labelled axons made contact with the plasma membrane of their target structure. Directly and transneuronally labelled profiles can be distinguished easily at the electron microscopic level. In directly labelled profiles, all plasma, nuclear, endoplasmic reticulum, and outer mitochondrial membranes and cell cytoplasm are labelled leaving only the mitochondrial matrix unstained. However, in transneuronally labelled cells the endoplasmic, nuclear, and immature synaptic membranes are labelled but mitochondrial and non-synaptic plasma membranes are not labelled. This labelling pattern can be explained by diffusion through continuous membranes. These characteristics make DiI diffusion a powerful technique for identifying and studying early events in neuronal development and synapse formation.
Planet formation - Mechanism of early growth

Experiments in vacuum (approx. 0.5 to 1 mbar) and in air quantify mechanics of collisions, rebound, and fragmentation at low velocities (1-50 m/sec), under the conditions usually postulated for the preplanetary environment in the primitive solar nebula. Such collisions have been little studied experimentally. Contrary to widespread assumptions, accretionary growth of the largest meteoroid- and asteroid-sized bodies in a given swarm results spontaneously from the simple mechanics of these collisions, without other ad hoc sticking mechanisms. The smaller bodies in the swarm are less likely to grow. Granular surfaces form, either by gravitational collapse of dust swarms or by rapid formation of regolith surfaces on solid planetesimals; these surfaces strongly promote further growth by retarding rebound. Growth of large bodies increases modal collision velocities, causing fragmentation of smaller bodies and eventual production of interstellar dust as a by-product of planetesimal interactions.
Age, Sex, and Hospital Factors Are Associated With the Duration of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Hospitalized Patients Who Do Not Experience Sustained Return of Spontaneous Circulation

Background Variability in the duration of attempted in‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is high, but the factors influencing termination of CPR efforts are unknown. Methods and Results We examined the association between patient and hospital characteristics and CPR duration in 45 500 victims of in‐hospital cardiac arrest who did not experience return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and who were enrolled in the Get With the Guidelines registry between 2001 and 2010. In a secondary analysis, we performed analyses in 46 168 victims of in‐hospital cardiac arrest who experienced ROSC. We used ordered logistic regression to identify factors associated with CPR duration. Analyses were conducted by tertile of CPR duration (tertiles: ROSC group: 2 to 7, 8 to 17, and 18 to 120 minutes; no‐ROSC group: 2 to 16, 17 to 26, 27 to 120 minutes). In those without ROSC, younger age (aged 18 to 40 versus >65 years; odds ratio [OR] 1.81; 95% CI 1.69 to 1.95; P <0.001), female sex (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.09; P =0.005), ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.42 to 1.58; P <0.001), and the need to place an invasive airway (OR 2.59; 95% CI 2.46 to 2.72; P <0.001) were associated with longer CPR duration. In those with ROSC, ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.93; P <0.001) and witnessed events (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.82 to 0.91; P <0.001) were associated with shorter duration. Conclusions Age and sex were associated with attempted CPR duration in patients who do not experience ROSC after in‐hospital cardiac arrest but not in those who experience ROSC. Understanding the mechanism of these interactions may help explain variability in outcomes for in‐hospital cardiac arrest.
Maintaining organization–public relationships on tourism Websites through relationship management strategies

This study investigates the relationship maintenance strategies (RMS) of official state tourism Websites and online travel agencies’ Websites in the U.S. Content analysis reveals that the access strategy was enacted the best while the sharing of tasks strategy was utilized the least in both types of Websites. There are significant differences between these two types of Websites in terms of the positivity, the openness/disclosure, and the assurances strategies. The implications of adopting RMS for e-PR in the tourism and hospitality industry are discussed.
Thymic and intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocyte development are each regulated by theγc-dependent cytokines IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15

Both thymic and extrathymic T lineage development are characterized by cytokine-dependent regulation of complex proliferative, differentiative, and anti-apoptotic processes. The role of the gammac-dependent cytokines in this program has been interpreted as limited to the activity of IL-7. However, through the analysis of double knock-out mice, which lack signaling through the IL-7R and other gammac-dependent cytokines, we revealed a role for IL-15 in the production of early thymic pro-T cells. Although IL-2 does not function in the production of thymocytes, thymic restoration of IL-2R expression prevented fatal autoimmunity associated with IL-2- or IL-2R-deficient mice, suggesting that IL-2R functions non-redundantly at the level of the thymus to regulate self-reactivity. Moreover, IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 also extend their developmental effects beyond the thymus to other sites of T lymphocyte production, including the gut. Here, their redundant and non-redundant activities are directly correlated to the development of phenotypically diverse subsets of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes.
Outscoping and Discourse Threat

AbstractFor various philosophical purposes it is sometimes necessary to give truth-conditions for sentences of a discourse in other terms. According to Agustin Rayo, when doing so it is sometimes legitimate to use the terms of that very discourse, so long as the terms do not occur in the truth-conditions themselves. I argue that giving truth-conditions in this ‘outscoping’ way prevents one from answering ‘discourse threat’ (for example, the threat of indeterminacy).
Is verbal recognition memory really different in Huntington's and Alzheimer's disease.

Verbal recall and recognition were examined in Huntington's disease (HD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Subgroups of HD and AD patients were matched for overall severity of dementia. Subjec...
Caenorhabditis elegans and Ascaris suum: inhibition of isocitrate lyase by itaconate

Abstract The largest forms of isocitrate lyase from Caenorhabditis elegans and Ascaris suum of 543,000 and 549,000 daltons, respectively, can be purified from three- to five-fold in excellent yield by pelleting from extracts at 160,000g for 4 hr. Isocitrate lyase in the pellet is much more stable toward proteolysis. Itaconate which both inhibits isocitrate lyase and suppresses the level of this enzyme in bacteria inhibits the partially purified isocitrate lyase from both C. elegans and A. suum . The inhibition is noncompetitive with respect to d s -isocitrate at one itaconate concentration. The K i values at 30 C, pH 7.7, are 19 and 7.3 μM for the enzyme from C. elegans and A. suum , respectively. Itaconate inhibits the growth of C. elegans in random axenic as well as monoxenic cultures. At a concentration of 10 m M , itaconate is more effective in the inhibition of random axenic cultures than is oxalate, maleate, or succinate. At 60 m M itaconate, reproduction of C. elegans larvae is completely abolished.
Leaving Money on the Table and Providing an Incentive Not to Pay: The Story of a Flawed Collection Device

As of September 30, 2007, the IRS had $282 billion of unpaid assessments on its books. Of that amount $58 billion, over 20%, represents the unpaid payroll taxes due from employers. The majority of payroll taxes due from employers results from income and social security taxes collected by the employer and held in trust for the Government. Internal Revenue Code section 6672 gives the Government the right to pierce the corporate veil to pursue collection of these payroll taxes collected for the Government but not paid. Because it creates personal liability, 6672 can serve as a powerful tool in the fight against the growing tax gap. Unfortunately, 6672 is flawed in the way it operates due to its position in the Code as an assessable penalty. The interest charged under 6672 only runs from the date of the actual assessment against the individual and does not relate back to the due date of the corporate employment tax return. The flaw allows those responsible for failing to pay over payroll, and other, taxes collected for the Government to avoid paying interest for two years or more. Additionally, the flaw provides an incentive for those responsible to withhold payment and delay assessment. Those studying the causes of the IRS tax collection gap uniformly identify the creation of incentives to pay and removal of delayed collection attempts as keys to successful collection and reduction of the gap. Using the model provided by the tax gap literature, this paper identifies the source of the problem with 6672 and recommends a solution. The sources of the problem are rooted in the history of the statute. It grew from a criminal provision to one of civil penalty. When the codification effort took place in 1954, 6672 was placed with the assessable penalties even though everyone, including the Supreme Court, agrees that it is a collection device and not a penal provision. The solution is to remove 6672 from the assessable penalty provisions and make clear in the statute that interest charges against the individuals responsible accrue from the due date of the corporate return. Moving the statute will not only remove the impediment caused by the disconnect on the charging of interest but will provide an opportunity to craft a statute that creates incentives to pay rather than disincentives.
Evolution of fungal sexual reproduction

We review here recent advances in our understanding of the genetic, molecular and genomic basis of sex determination and sexual reproduction in the fungal kingdom as a window on the evolution of sex in eukaryotes more generally. In particular, we focus on the evolution of the mating-type locus and transitions in modes of sexual reproduction using examples from throughout the kingdom. These examples illustrate general principles of the origins of mating-type loci/sex chromosomes and the balance between inbreeding and outcrossing afforded by different modes of sexual reproduction involving tetrapolar, bipolar and unipolar sexual cycles.
Fast automatic software implementations of FIR filters

SPIRAL is a generator for platform-adapted libraries of DSP transform algorithms. SPIRAL represents and automatically generates fast algorithms as mathematical formulas and translates them into programs. Adaptation is achieved by searching in the space of algorithmic and coding alternatives for the fastest implementation. We extend SPIRAL to generate platform-adapted implementations of FIR filters. First, we present various filter algorithms and introduce the mathematical constructs needed to include them into SPIRAL's architecture. Then we use SPIRAL to find fast filter implementations. The results show runtime improvements to a standard loop implementation of up to 70% using different blocking techniques. Further, we show that the usefulness of frequency-domain methods is not determined by the number of operations.
Endovascular treatment of dural sinus thrombosis with rheolytic thrombectomy and intra-arterial thrombolysis.

Background and Purpose —Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare entity that can be difficult to manage. Intrasinus thrombolysis is an increasingly applied intervention, but this modality carries an increased risk of hemorrhage. We describe for the first time an option with a potentially lower incidence of intracranial bleeding, the combination of the AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy catheter with intra-arterial thrombolysis, in 2 patients with extensive dural sinus thromboses, preexisting intracranial hemorrhage, and severe progressive neurological deficits despite heparin therapy. Methods— Four procedures were performed in 2 patients with thromboses in the superior sagittal and transverse sinuses (right in 1 patient and bilateral in 1 patient) and cortical veins. Rheolytic thrombectomy was performed in the sigmoid, transverse, straight, and superior sagittal sinuses; this technique involves the use of the Bernoulli effect to create a vacuum that fragments and aspirates thrombus. For associated persistent cortical vein thromboses, low-dose intra-arterial thrombolysis was used. Results— Both patients had excellent angiographic results with sinus reopening after rheolytic thrombectomy and cortical vein reopening after intra-arterial thrombolysis. Follow-up CT showed no change in 1 patient and increased preexisting intracranial hemorrhage in the other. One patient had a negative hypercoagulable workup, and the other patient had probable anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome. At 6 months, both patients had excellent clinical outcome with no neurological deficits except mild short-term memory loss in 1 patient. Conclusions —The combination of rheolytic thrombectomy with intra-arterial thrombolysis is a treatment modality that allows accelerated recanalization of occluded dural sinuses and cerebral veins with lower doses of thrombolytic agents.
Is Love Curative

This article explores the phenomenon of love in the therapeutic relationship and its role as a curative factor. Since Freud's (1915) description of transference love, a major goal of treatment is to understand its developmental antecedents. Most analysts agree that transference love is no different than ordinary love, except that it is overdetermined and requires the patient to view it as simultaneously real and illusory without reciprocity from the analyst. Nontransferential, realistic elements of the therapeutic relationship also play an important role in treatment. An important outgrowth of the therapeutic process is the development of a new object relationship between analyst and patient. This special or transformative friendship is a new object relationship characterized by genuine feelings of mutual respect, trust, caring, and even love. It facilitates the patient's capacity to form and maintain other loving relationships. Two case presentations are illustrative.
Synthetic receive aperture imaging with phase correction for motion and for tissue inhomogeneities. I. Basic principles

The use of a synthetic receive aperture (SRA) system to increase the resolution, of a phased-array imaging system severalfold, by utilizing the available number of parallel receiver channels to address a larger number of transducer elements through a multiplexer system, is considered. Recent studies indicate that transducers with a very large number of elements will improve the detectability of small or low contrast targets when adaptive focusing is used to compensate for the effects of acoustic velocity inhomogeneities in tissue. With the effectively increased transducer element count afforded by an SRA system, a 1-by-N phased array could be split into an M-by-N array in order to improve resolution in the elevation dimension. Simulation results illustrate the lateral resolution achievable with several types of imaging systems: SRA, synthetic focus, and conventional phased array. Simulated images demonstrate the improvement in contrast resolution achievable using SRA. Experimental results show the improvement in beam width achieved by an experimental SRA system. >
Dynamic selection of composite Web services based on a genetic algorithm optimized new structured neural network

In order to realize a high-quality and good-performance service composition, based on current approach, we propose a new QoS-driven dynamic selection of composite Web services, which takes account of both the QoS properties and interface parameters matching degree. When doing the selection, we aware that the task is more or less a multistage decision-making process. Motivated by neural networks' high parallel performance and genetic algorithm's powerful computation ability, a genetic algorithm optimized neural network algorithm is proposed in this paper for such task. In order to make this algorithm more adaptable for multistage decision-making problem, we propose a new structured neural network to express the composed service instead of using the traditional neural networks, which minimizes the neurons involved and shows high performance than the earlier ones. Finally, through experimentation one can find that method proposed in this paper is more practical and effective than others
Differences between accumbens core and shell neurons exhibiting phasic firing patterns related to drug-seeking behavior during a discriminative-stimulus task

The habit-forming effects of abused drugs depend on the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system innervating the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). To examine whether different NAcc subterritories (core and medial...
One size does not fit all: 10 years of applying context-aware security

Defenders of today's critical cyber-infrastructure (e.g., the Internet) are equipped with a wide array of security techniques including network-based intrusion detection systems (IDS), host-based anti-virus systems (AV), and decoy or reconnaissance systems such as host-based honeypots or network-based telescopes. While effective at detecting and mitigating some of the threats posed to critical infrastructure, the ubiquitous nature of malicious activity (e.g., phishing, spam, DDoS) on the Internet indicates that the current deployments of these tools do not fully live up to their promise. Over the past 10 years our research group has investigated ways of detecting and stopping cyber-attacks by using the context available in the network, host, and the environment. In this paper, we explain what exactly we mean by context, why it is difficult to measure, and what one can do with context when it is available. We illustrate these points by examining several studies in which context was used to enable or enhance new security techniques. We conclude with some ideas about the future of context-aware security.
Post-Surgical Infections: Prevalence Associated With Various Periodontal Surgical Procedures

Background: Of the various adverse outcomes that may be encountered following periodontal surgery, the risk of infection stands at the forefront of concern to the surgeon, since infection can lead to morbidity and poor healing outcomes. This paper describes a large-scale retrospective study of multiple surgical modalities in a diverse periodontal practice undertaken to explore the prevalence of clinical infections post-surgically and the relationship between diverse treatment variables and infection rates. Methods: A retrospective review of all available periodontal surgical records of patients treated in the Department of Periodontics at Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, was conducted. The sample comprised 395 patients and included 1,053 fully documented surgical procedures. Surgical techniques reviewed included osseous resective surgery, flap curettage, distal wedge procedures, gingivectomy, root resection, guided tissue regeneration, dental implant surgery, epithelialized free soft tissu...
Compact isospectral sets of surfaces

On etudie des ensembles de surfaces qui sont isospectrales par rapport a l'operateur de Laplace-Beltrami
Styrene Inhalation and Immune Function in Mice

AbstractShort-term inhalation studies were conducted to evaluate the potential effects of styrene on the immune system. Female B6C3F1 mice were exposed by inhalation to 0, 125, 250, or 500 ppm styrene, 6 h/day for 14 consecutive days. Thymus and spleen weights in styrene-exposed mice were decreased in the high-dose animals, and a marked decrease in spleen cellularity occurred in all chemically treated groups. Cytometric analysis of spleen cells revealed a slight increase in the percentage of B cells and a decrease in the absolute number of CD4′ cells. This latter change was responsible for a shift in the CD4/CD8 ratio observed in the high dose group. Corresponding increases in the prolifer-ative response to the B-lymphocyte mitogen lipopolysaccharide as well as an increase in the primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes were observed. Cell-mediated immunity was unaffected by styrene inhalation as demonstrated by normal cytotoxic T-lympho-cyte and mixed leukocyte responses. Changes in spleen cellula...
On the Taylor distribution

The original Taylor distribution was designed to terminate abruptly in a pedestal ( \alpha = 0 ) at its edges. It has been found recently, however, that a pedestal cannot be realized exactly in either the E or H planes, nor even approximately in the H plane. A new distribution is derived here that produces a Taylor pattern of order \alpha = 1 and, hence, that vanishes linearly at the edges. This edge behavior can be realized exactly in the E plane and can be approximated as closely as desired in the H plane. All practical differences in operating performance between the two distributions have been found to be negligible.