cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving the Perioperative Value of Care for Vulnerable Kidney Transplant Recipients

Background The increased use of marginal donors, an aging recipient population, and Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) cost restraints place significant pressures on kidney transplant centers to maintain financial viability while sustaining high quality outcomes. We engaged in a quality initiative in delayed graft function (DGF) kidney transplant recipients aimed at improving safe and efficient discharge. Study Design This was a retrospective analysis of national databases comparing the perioperative outcomes and costs for our transplant center and national benchmark values for kidney recipients undergoing transplantation between October 2008 and March 2012. During this time, we developed and implemented quality initiatives aimed at improving health care value for kidney transplant recipients, and focused efforts particularly in patients who developed DGF. Pediatric patients and multiorgan transplant recipients were excluded. Results There were 583 kidney transplants performed at our institution; these were compared with 37,712 transplants available from national data. Rates of DGF increased at our institution from 6% to 25% but were steady at 27% nationally. The quality initiatives improved hospital length of stay (LOS) in DGF patients from an average of 8 days initially to 4 days at study end, which reduced overall LOS from 3.6 ± 1.5 days to 3.3 ± 0.8 days (p = 0.021); national LOS was consistent at a mean of 10 days; hospital costs decreased by 42% at our institution, while national rates rose by 12%. Our institutional 30-day readmission rates in all patients and those with DGF were significantly lower than national rates across the entire study period (9% vs 15% and 12% vs 18%, respectively). Conclusions These results demonstrate that health care value can be significantly improved in kidney transplant recipients, particularly in DGF patients, by implementing a multidisciplinary initiative aimed at safely and efficiently discharging patients.
On the road to extinction? Population declines of the endangered white abalone, Haliotis sorenseni

Abstract In 2001, the white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni) became the first marine invertebrate to be listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Low densities and recruitment failure due to Allee effects were identified as being the major threats to the species’ long-term viability. Visual transect surveys conducted using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) since 2002 indicate a dramatic and continued decline in white abalone total abundance (∼78% decrease) and density (33–100% decrease, depending on depth and year) between 2002 and 2010 at Tanner Bank, an area of historically high abundance (>1/m2). An increase in the size distribution over this same time period suggests individuals in the white abalone population are growing larger (and aging) with little or no indication of adequate recruitment success. The vast majority (between 77% and 89%, depending on the year) of white abalone were observed alone, which suggests that the likelihood of reproductive success within this population remains very low. The continuing decline 30 years after the last major commercial harvest demonstrates that the strategy of benign neglect, or allowing the population to recover without intervention, has clearly failed. We recommend immediate proactive conservation through population enhancement by out-planting healthy, captive-bred white abalone in areas where populations have reached or are approaching local extinction.
Regulation of the level of endogenous phosphorylation of specific brain proteins by diphenylhydantoin.

— Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) in therapeutic concentrations caused a decrease in the net level of endogenous phosphorylation of two specific proteins from rat brain cerebri, while not significantly affecting the phosphorylation of other protein substrates. The apparent molecular weights of the DPH- specific substrate proteins were 60-63,000 and 49-52,000, and were designated proteins DPH-L and DPH-M, respectively. DPH decreased both the initial rate and the net level of [32P] phosphate incorporation from [γ-32P] ATP into proteins DPH-L and DPH-M. The concentrations of DPH required to produce a half maximal decrease in the levels of phosphorylation of proteins DPH-L and DPH-M was 3 × 10-4 and 8 × 10 -4 M, respectively. The effects of DPH on the incorporation of [32P] phosphate into these specific brain proteins were independent of the concentration of ATP over a wide range of ATP concentrations. The DPH-specific proteins were demonstrated to be present in synaptosomal preparations. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that some of the stabilizing actions of DPH on neuronal tissue and seizure discharge may be mediated by the effect of this anticonvulsant on the phosphorylation of specific brain protein substrates.
Water adsorption at high temperature on core samples from The Geysers geothermal field, California, USA

Abstract For the first time, water sorption on representative geothermal reservoir rocks from The Geysers steam field has been determined in the laboratory at actual reservoir temperature. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) isopiestic apparatus has been used to measure quantities of water retained at various temperatures and relative pressures by plug samples of three representative reservoir metagraywacke cores. The measurements were made at 150, 200 and 250°C as a function of relative pressure in the range 0.00 ⩽ p / p 0 ⩽ 0.98, where p 0 is the saturated water vapor pressure. Both adsorption (increasing pressure) and desorption (decreasing pressure) runs were made in order to investigate the phenomenon of hysteresis. Low-temperature gas adsorption analyses were completed on the same rock samples. Nitrogen or krypton adsorption and desorption isotherms at 77 K were used to obtain BET (Brunauer, Emmet, Teller) specific surface areas and pore volumes and their distributions with respect to pore sizes. Mercury-intrusion porosimetry was also used to obtain similar information extending to very large pores (macropores). A qualitative correlation was found between the surface properties obtained from nitrogen adsorption and the mineralogical and petrological characteristics of the solids. In general, however, there is no direct proportionality between BET specific surface areas obtained from nitrogen adsorption and the capacity of the rocks for water adsorption at high temperatures. An analysis of the temperature dependence of adsorption/desorption indicates that multilayer adsorption rather than capillary condensation is the dominant water storage mechanism in The Geysers reservoir rocks at high temperatures.
Integrating Simulation Innovatively: Evidence in Teaching in Nursing Education

Abstract Clinical simulation has been shown to enhance nursing education. This article is a case summary of one associate degree college's experience with simulation and describes learning outcomes in eight nursing courses after the inclusion of simulation in the curriculum. It also describes other applications of simulation prompted by faculty and student needs. Our experience showed higher skill scores and greater reported student comfort and confidence in clinical settings after participation in simulation. Simulation, when used as a learning strategy in theory courses, has generally resulted in increases in theory examination scores of 2.5% or greater. A Capstone project in the college's simulation center in the final nursing semester is described. Medical Education Technologies Incorporated (METI ® ) and Gaumard ® simulators and evidence-based simulated clinical experiences were used in our simulation center.
The dimensions of rod outer segments related to light absorption in the gecko retina.

Abstract Measurements of the percentages of retinal area occupied by visual cell outer segments in cross section were completed for two geckos, Gekko gekko and Eublipharis macularis, and found to be 63 and 57 per cent respectively. From these measurements, the visual pigment density atλmax per individual rod was calculated to be 0.58 and 0.71 respectively, and the corrected densities for the entire central retina 0.48 and 0.52 respectively. These latter values correspond to mean values of 67 and 70 per cent, for the percentage of light absorbed atλmax by the entire retina. Errors associated with these measurements are discussed.
Fluorescence of phenol and phenol-amine hydrogen bonded pairs in dioxane-water solutions

Abstract The excitation and emission spectra of phenol with and without n -butylamine in various proportions of dioxane and water are recorded. In addition to quenching of the phenol fluorescence by the amine and by water, we observe marked quenching in the 10–20 mol% water region. It is believed that the phenol is serving as a probe of solvent structure.
The Impact of Medical School on Student Mental Health.

The pace of medical school is extremely rigorous. Students commonly report high stress due to feelings of lack of control, problems without solutions, and exposure to death and dying for the first time. Medical student’s tendency to be a perfectionist and their struggle to re-identify as patients only add to this stress. Stress has negative physiological and psychological effects on individuals which could result in poor mental health, substance use, and the need to develop healthy coping strategies. Poor mental health can also lead to other negative outcomes including medical school dropout [1] and suicidal ideation and burnout [2]. Previous studies show that students begin medical school with similar rates of depression as their non-medical peers [3, 4]. However, various studies suggest that the mental health of students worsens throughout medical school [3, 5]. Other studies have reflected on factors which impact student success, such as the use of alcohol and illicit substances [6]. A study fromWebb et al. revealed that university students experiment with illicit drugs and that medical students do not differ markedly from other student groups despite their knowledge of the potential hazards of illicit drugs [7]. Additionally, the culture of medicine has created expectations of physicians to always put patients first and ignore their own needs. As a result, it may be difficult for physicians to accept help. The impact of depression and anxiety, as well as marijuana and cocaine use, needs to be understood so students, who experience difficulty, seek help. Additionally, this could assist in the integration of preventive health programs to help medical students remain mentally healthy and prevent the long-term consequences of mental illness and substance use. The purpose of this study is to understand the current rates of depression, anxiety, use of marijuana and cocaine, and help-seeking behavior in medical students.
Glycoconjugates: Roles in Neural Diseases Caused by Exogenous Pathogens

Numerous reports indicate that lipid or protein associated carbohydrates are essential for infection of cells by various viruses, bacteria, or bacterial toxins, some of which affect the nervous system. Examples of such pathogens include tetanus and botulinum neurotoxin, Shiga and Shiga-like toxins, Borrelia burgdorferi, Mycobacterium leprae, and human immunodeficiency virus. This review discusses evidence indicating that carbohydrates are essential for these pathogens to induce their deleterious effects, the putative function of the carbohydrates, and how this knowledge might be used to combat the effects of the pathogen.
Estimating population sizes for capture-recapture sampling with binomial mixtures

A binomial mixture model has been used to account for heterogeneous individual capture probabilities in capture-recapture studies. The problem of estimating the population size is reduced to estimating the odds that an individual is not captured. The odds is nonidentifiable. There is no upper bound to the odds. The odds admits lower bounds that can yield estimable lower bounds to the population size. An example is studied. A simulation experiment is used to evaluate the proposed and existing estimators.
Writing Degree Binary: An Argument for Interscription

Networked electronic text—fragmentary, mutable, connected, and instantly accessible from any computer or handheld device—challenges traditional notions of textual coherence and composition, offerin...
The association of socio‐communicative style and relational type on perceptions of nonverbal immediacy

This study examined how an individual's perceived use of nonverbal immediacy is related to his or her perceived socio‐communicative style, and whether the use of nonverbal immediacy behaviors differs across relational types. Reflecting on a recent interaction, participants (N = 309) completed the Assertiveness‐Responsiveness measure (Richmond & McCroskey, 1990) and a modified version of the Nonverbal Immediacy Behaviors instrument (Richmond, Gorham, & McCroskey, 1987). Results indicate that (a) competent communicators differ from noncompetent, submissive, and aggressive communicators across ten nonverbal immediacy behaviors and (b) the use of nonverbal immediacy behaviors differs across relational types.
Physical strain and urgent need for ergonomic training among gynecologic oncologists who perform minimally invasive surgery

Abstract Objectives There is limited data regarding physical strain and minimally invasive gynecologic surgery (MIS). We sought to evaluate ergonomic strain among gynecologic oncologists. Methods An online survey was sent to all physician members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology in North America in 2010. The survey contained 42 questions and data was analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses with summary statistics, t-tests, and chi-squared test. Results There were 260 respondents (31.2%) to the survey. Case mix was 26% benign and 64% oncologic surgery. Over 52% of respondents had been in practice for greater than 11 years and 52% practice in an academic setting. Physical discomfort related to MIS was reported in 88% (216/244) of surgeons with 52% reporting persistent pain. Increased pain symptoms were associated with surgeon's height, glove size, age and female gender. Patient body mass index (BMI) was associated with pain symptoms in surgeons performing conventional laparoscopic surgery, but not robotic surgery. To decrease pain, surgeons changed positions (78%), limited the number of cases per day (14%), spread cases throughout the week (6%), or limited the total number of cases (3%). Only 29% had received treatment at any time for pain symptoms. Treatment included physical therapy (59%), medical management (28%), surgery (13%), and time off (1%). Only 16% of those with pain symptoms had received formal ergonomic training. Conclusion Physical strain rates of 88% are far greater than previously reported. Such prevalent occupational strain presents a growing problem in the face of increasing demand for MIS.
Relationship of Serum Estrone, Estradiol-17β and Progesterone to LH, Sexual Behavior and Time of Ovulation in the Bitch

Serum estrone, estradiol-1 7!) and progesterone were measured in bitches in which LH, sexual behavior and laparoscopically confirmed time of ovulation had been previously studied. Steroid values from 25 estrous periods were normalized to day of peak LH (Day 0). Estrone, estradiol-17(3 and progesterone concentration did not differ significantly in either dogs subjected to laparoscopy at 48 h intervals or those bitches undergoing no laparoscopy. During the preovulatory interval, mean peripheral estrone concentrations were more variable than estradiol-1713; however, both estrogens tended to rise gradually throughout this time period. Overall maximal estradiol-1 713 concentration was detected on Day -2 with estrone peaking later (Day -0.5). Both estrogens declined (P<0.05) coincidentally with the LH surge. Progesterone from Days -14.0 through -1.5 was maintained at basal concentrations. An increase (P<0.05) in mean progesterone occurred on the day of the preovulatory LI-I peak which correlated with direct observation of apparent preovulatory follicle luteinization. Progesterone increased gradually from Day -0.5 through 8 and then varied for the remainder of the sampling period. Analysis of individual cycles indicated that circulating serum concentrations of reproductive steroids fluctuated from day to day or within days of the proestrous-estrous interval. In dogs subjected to laparoscopy, initial evidence of the presence of visible preovulatory follicles was closely related to the first detectable elevations in both estrone and estradiol-1 713. Either estrone or estradiol-1 713 concentrations or both surged sharply in 24 of the 25 cycles examined; however, only titers of estradiol-17j3 were elevated above baseline in all cycles prior to, or at the time of, the LH peak. In 16 of 25 cycles, estradiol-1713 concentrations declined by 20 pg/mI or more 12-24 h prior to the onset of sexual receptivity. Bitches remained in estrus during periods of declining estrone and estradiol-1 713and increasing progesterone levels. These data integrate the hormonal, ovarian and behavioral events of the estrous cycle of the bitch and suggest that: 1) a preovulatory estradiol-17(3 surge exists and is likely responsible for triggering LH release; 2) estrone may play a supportive role to estradiol-1713 in the endocrine control of LH secretion; 3) preovulatory changes in follicular morphology are distinct and can be correlated with a shift from estrone and estradiol-17f3 to progesterone secretion; 4) prolonged sexual receptivity in this species is supported in the presence of declining estrogen and continuously rising progesterone concentrations.
Fecal Inoculum Can Be Used to Determine the Rate and Extent of In Vitro Fermentation of Dietary Fiber Sources across Three Lemur Species That Differ in Dietary Profile: Varecia variegata, Eulemur fulvus and Hapalemur griseus

To estimate fermentative capacity among lemur species, four fiber substrates were tested across three species, Eulemur fulvus, Hapalemur griseus and Varecia variegata. The substrates, cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp and citrus pectin, ranged in composition from completely insoluble fiber (IF) to completely soluble fiber (SF), respectively. The lemurs consumed a nutritionally complete biscuit formulated for primates [85 g/100 g diet dry matter (DM)] and locally available produce (15 g/100 g diet DM). Feces were then collected and used to inoculate fermentation tubes prefilled with fiber substrates and an anaerobic growth medium. Dry matter disappearance (DMD), and acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production were measured in tubes subjected to 6, 12, 24 or 48 h of fermentation. Results were fitted to a logistic growth model. The maximal production (MP) time at which production or disappearance is at one-half maximum (t(50)) and the fermentation rate at 3 h were calculated. The maximal disappearance of DM differed among substrates (citrus pectin > citrus pulp > beet pulp; P H. griseus > V. variegata; P < 0.001). V. variegata reached t(50) for acetate and total SCFA production faster than H. griseus or E. fulvus (P < 0.02). Three-hour production rates of acetate and total SCFA were also greater for V. variegata for citrus pulp and citrus pectin (P < 0.01). Few species differences were observed for beet pulp. Results provide evidence for differences in fermentative capacity and suggest that fiber solubility and fermentability should be considered when assessing the nutritional management of lemurs.
Dinocyst Taphonomy, Impact Craters, Cyst Ghosts and the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)

Dinocysts recovered from sediments related to the Chesapeake Bay impact structure in Virginia and the earliest Eocene suboxic environment in Maryland show strange and intriguing details of preservation. Features such as curled processes, opaque debris, breakage, microborings and cyst ghosts, among others, invite speculation about catastrophic depositional processes, rapid burial and biological and chemical decay. Selected specimens from seven cores taken in the coastal plain of Virginia and Maryland show abnormal preservation features in various combinations that merit illustration, description, discussion and further study. Although the depositional environments described are extreme, many of the features discussed are known from, or could be found in, other environments. These environments will show both similarities to and differences from the extreme environments here.
A Unified Near-Optimal Estimator For Dimension Reduction in l_α(0<alpha≤2) Using Stable Random Projections

Many tasks (e.g., clustering) in machine learning only require the lα distances instead of the original data. For dimension reductions in the lα norm (0 < α ≤ 2), the method of stable random projections can efficiently compute the lα distances in massive datasets (e.g., the Web or massive data streams) in one pass of the data. The estimation task for stable random projections has been an interesting topic. We propose a simple estimator based on the fractional power of the samples (projected data), which is surprisingly near-optimal in terms of the asymptotic variance. In fact, it achieves the Cramer-Rao bound when α = 2 and α = 0+. This new result will be useful when applying stable random projections to distance-based clustering, classifications, kernels, massive data streams etc.
Dissipation, enstrophy and pressure statistics in turbulence simulations at high Reynolds numbers

We use data from well-resolved direct numerical simulations at Taylor-scale Reynolds numbers from 140 to 1000 to study the statistics of energy dissipation rate and enstrophy density (i.e. the square of local vorticity). Despite substantial variability in each of these variables, their extreme events not only scale in a similar manner but also progressively tend to occur spatially together as the Reynolds number increases. Though they possess non-Gaussian tails of enormous amplitudes, ratios of some characteristic properties can be closely linked to those of isotropic Gaussian random fields. We present results also on statistics of the pressure Laplacian and conditional mean pressure given both dissipation and enstrophy. At low Reynolds number intense negative pressure fluctuations are preferentially associated with rotation-dominated regions but at high Reynolds number both high dissipation and high enstrophy have similar effects.
Employment Law as If People Mattered: Bringing Therapeutic Jurisprudence into the Workplace

During the past 20 years, scholars and practitioners drawn to therapeutic jurisprudence (TJ) have produced a substantial body of work, with mental health law, criminal law, family law, and legal education being focal points for examination under a TJ lens. Employment law, however, has been conspicuously underrepresented in TJ-inspired scholarly and law practice literature. This essay, emerging from a 2009 symposium on TJ hosted by Florida Coastal School of Law, is built on the premise that employment law scholars and lawyers, as well as the public at large, would benefit by applying a TJ perspective to the law of the workplace, and it suggests some framing concepts drawn from psychology and related disciplines to guide future research, analysis, and practice. Relational psychology, trauma theory, and social work principles are among the ideas examned. The essay also applies these ideas to the challenges of representing employees and employers, using workplace bullying as a specific scenario for discussion.
A mixed spectral domain method applied to the analysis of generalized dielectric-loaded ridged waveguides

A novel mixed spectral domain method is applied to the analysis of generalized dielectric-loaded ridged waveguides. Auxiliary structures are constructed for formulating the spectral Green's functions and applying the spectral immittance method. Magnetic surface currents at apertures are identified as unknowns. Mixing different spectral domains existing on the two sides of an aperture in a spectral Galerkin approach leads to the characteristic equations required for the dispersion analysis. Representative results are obtained to illustrate the application of the method. It is concluded that the proposed method appears to be suitable for efficient analysis of more complicated transmission structures which involve variations in the side-wall separations in a rectangular waveguide. >
Can a City Successfully Shrink? Evidence from Survey Data on Neighborhood Quality:

Urban policymakers and planners tend to view population decline as a bad thing and a vast infrastructure of funding and regulation reinforces this idea. An emerging body of research has challenged this mindset by reframing decline as shrinkage and experimenting with new policy tools under the rubric of smart decline. But the question of whether decline impairs quality of life in cities is a conceptually murky one. This paper operationalizes quality of life by examining survey data for 38 U.S. cities on perceptions of neighborhood quality. The results show a high level of heterogeneity among shrinking cities in terms of perceptions of neighborhood quality, with some cities experiencing both loss in housing and population while increasing overall perceptions of neighborhood quality. Future research ought to probe these relationships further to better understand how smart decline might affect neighborhood change.
Incorporation in adrenal cortex of C14 labeled fractions of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

SummaryIn the guinea pig the adrenal cortex is the site of the greatest concentration of C14 after the intravenous injection of labeled polysaccharide and protein fractions of Klebsiella pneumoniae. This concentration persists for two months, while the activity of liver, spleen, lung and other organs declines and disappears. In general, the bacterial fraction with the highest incorporation of C14 from the media yields the greatest incorporation in the adrenal.
Some combinatorial properties of Jack symmetric functions

If 1, + L, + = n, then write 2+-n or 1% = n. If p is another partition, then write p c J. if pi 6 %, for all i (i.e., if the diagram of 1. contains the diagram of p), If IpL/ = Ii.1 then write p 2 1. (reverse lexicographic order) if either /J = i or the first nonvanishing difference E.,--pi is positive. For instance (writing 2,1, . ..I.. for (Ai, I.,, . . . . /it)), 5 5 41 : 32 5 311 : 221 : 2111 : 11111. Finally write p<i if Ipl=lAl and p1+pL2+ ... +pLi< A1 + A2 + . . . li for all i. Macdonald [M,, p. 63 call the partial ordering < the “natural ordering,” but we will call it the dominance ordering Let x=(x,, x2, . ..) be an infinite set of indeterminates. As in [MI], we
Flow-Oscillating Structure Interactions and the Applications to Propulsion and Energy Harvest

This manuscript reviews the advance in understanding of the mechanisms of the interactions between oscillating structures and fluid flows. Many analytical, numerical and experimental approaches to model and to identify the non-stationary, nonlinear interactions between fluid flows and oscillating structures are summarized. The applications of fluid flow-oscillating structure interaction to propulsion and energy harvest are discussed. The issue of the establishment of generalized, parametric, reduced-order models is discussed with an aim at illustrating the perspectives for improving the correlation between test data and physics-based modeling.
Comparative Sequence Analysis of IS50/Tn5 Transposase

Comparative sequence analysis of IS50 transposase-related protein sequences in conjunction with known structural, biochemical, and genetic data was used to determine domains and residues that play key roles in IS50 transposase function. BLAST and ClustalW analyses have been used to find and analyze six complete protein sequences that are related to the IS50 transposase. The protein sequence identity of these six homologs ranged from 25 to 55% in comparison to the IS50 transposase. Homologous motifs were found associated with each of the three catalytic residues. Residues that play roles in transposase-DNA binding, protein autoregulation, and DNA hairpin formation were also found to be conserved in addition to other residues of unknown function. On the other hand, some homologous sequences did not appear to be competent to encode the inhibitor regulatory protein. The results were also used to compare the IS50 transposase with the more distantly related transposase encoded by IS10.
The time behavior and spectra of relaxation oscillations in a high-gain laser

It is found that under appropriate conditions the high-gain 3.51-μ xenon laser may exhibit relaxation oscillations in the frequency range of 1 to 10 MHz. Experimental investigations have been conducted in both the time and frequency domains. Most of the observed features of these fluctuations are in good agreement with theoretical considerations.
DiskReduce: RAID for data-intensive scalable computing

Data-intensive file systems, developed for Internet services and popular in cloud computing, provide high reliability and availability by replicating data, typically three copies of everything. Alternatively high performance computing, which has comparable scale, and smaller scale enterprise storage systems get similar tolerance for multiple failures from lower overhead erasure encoding, or RAID, organizations. DiskReduce is a modification of the Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) enabling asynchronous compression of initially triplicated data down to RAID-class redundancy overheads. In addition to increasing a cluster's storage capacity as seen by its users by up to a factor of three, DiskReduce can delay encoding long enough to deliver the performance benefits of multiple data copies.
SERUM THYROTROPIN CONCENTRATIONS ARE NOT PREDICTIVE OF AGGRESSIVE BREAST CANCER BIOLOGY IN EUTHYROID INDIVIDUALS

ABSTRACT Objective: The potential influence of hypothyroidism on breast cancer remains incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH) concentration and markers of aggressive breast cancer biology as defined by receptor expression profile, tumor grade, and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage characteristics. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients from 2002 to 2014. All breast cancer patients who had complete receptor (estrogen receptor, ER; progesterone receptor, PR; and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, Her2/neu) and prediagnosis serum TSH data (n = 437) were included. All patients had 1 of 6 receptor profiles: ER+ PR+ Her2/neu−, ER+ PR− Her2/neu−, ER+ PR+ Her2/neu+, ER+ PR− Her2/neu+, ER− PR− Her2/neu+, or ER− PR− Her2/neu−. Log-transformed serum TSH concentrations were analyzed using multinomial and logistic regressions to identify potential relationships with ma...
Numerical methods for the generation of empirical and analytical transmittance functions with applications to atmospheric trace gases.

A numerical approach is taken in the study of two methods commonly used in the development of band models for the calculation of gaseous molecular transmittance in the IR region. The first method considered is for the determination of a discrete transmittance function without the use of an analytical band model. This method is then modified assuming a piecewise continuous function to provide for interpolation between the discrete points. The second method relaxes restrictions inherent to the first and assumes an analytical function over the entire range of transmittance values. Although the theory is generally applicable to other gaseous absorbers, it is specifically applied to 20-cm−1 resolution data for the major bands of the atmospheric trace gases SO2, NH3, NO, and NO2. The spectral parameters are listed for the convenience of model users at 5-cm−1 intervals throughout the bands.
Leakage power-aware clock skew scheduling: converting stolen time into leakage power reduction

Clock skew scheduling has been traditionally considered as a tool for improving the clock period in a sequential circuit. Timing slack is "stolen" from fast combinational blocks to be used by slower blocks to meet a more stringent clock cycle time. Instead, we can leverage on the borrowed time to achieve leakage power reduction during gate sizing and/or dual Vth assignment. In this paper, we present the first approach to the best of our knowledge for integrating clock skew scheduling, threshold voltage assignment, and gate sizing into one optimization formulation. Over 29 circuits in the ISCAS89 benchmark suite, this integrated approach can reduce leakage power by as much as 55.83% and by 18.79% on average, compared to using combinational circuit based power optimization on each combinational block without considering clock skews. Using a 65 nm dual Vth technology library, this corresponds to a 23.87% peak reduction (6.15% on average) in total power at the ambient operating temperature. The average total power reduction further increases to 9.83% if the high temperature library of the same process technology is used.
Net ordering for timing and wiring optimization

A methodology which allows a package designer to totally optimize a package based on timing and wiring requirements, within one integrated tool, is discussed. If all nets are optimized for timing, both critical and noncritical, then the package is not optimized from a wirability point of view. If all nets are optimized for wirability, then the package is not optimized from a timing perspective. If timing critical nets are optimised for timing and nontiming critical nets are optimized for wirability, then one has an optimized system. The authors discuss how the use of innovative net typing and pin ordering techniques allows for the maximum optimization of package hardware designs. They also discuss a new approach to automatically apply the same net typing and pin ordering techniques to nets which violate all legal wiring rules and thus cannot be mapped to a wiring rule solution through conventional means. >
The Pursuit of Happiness and Its Relationship to the Meta‐experience of Emotions and Culture

In this commentary, I provide a brief background of the meta-experience of emotions, the philosophical and psychological literature on happiness, and further discuss the influence of culture on happiness. The meta-experience of emotions implies that there are primary and secondary emotions (i.e., emotions about emotions), similar to the concept of meta-cognitions. Primary and secondary emotions are closely associated with one's cultural background and happiness. Most scholars throughout history believe that happiness per se cannot be taught. However, it is possible to teach practices that lead to the path toward happiness. Promising strategies include loving-kindness and compassion meditation. These strategies are based on Buddhist teachings, which are deeply rooted in a collectivistic culture. This illustrates the close association between emotions, approaches towards happiness, and cultural background.
Dynamically correlated spontaneous-emission laser: theory and comparison with experiment

A higher-order correlated-emission laser (CEL) effect is found theoretically in a Doppler-broadened medium. A full quantum-mechanical account of the CEL in the nonlinear regime shows a large reduction in the beat-signal linewidth. This behavior is confirmed by a recent experiment.
How to personalize the Web

Agents can personalize otherwise impersonal computational systems. The World Wide Web presents the same appearance to every user regardless of that user’s past activity. Web Browser Intelligence (WBI, pronounced “WEB-ee”) is an implemented system that organizes agents on a user’s workstation to observe user actions, proactively offer assistance, modify web documents, and perform new fi.mctions. WBI can annotate hyperlinks with network speed information, record pages viewed for later access, and provide shortcut links for common paths. In this way, WBI personalizes a user’s web experience by joining personal information with global information to effectively tailor what the user sees.
Redeeming Love and Suicide: An “Evangelical Catholic” Response to Amundsen

At the age of thirty-two William Cowper (1731-1800) was recommended by his cousin to become clerk of the English House of Lords. The appointment was challenged, and Cowper was called to be examined before the bar of the House. Fearing disgrace, he attempted suicide. His failed efforts were discovered, and he was persuaded to withdraw his candidacy for clerkship. Cowper soon became convinced that he had committed the unpardonable sin.? He grew so depressed that he suffered a complete mental breakdown. Cowper's recovery began with a decisive and sudden conversion. One day he opened the Bible at random, and his eyes fell upon these words:
Online and Social Media Data As an Imperfect Continuous Panel Survey

There is a large body of research on utilizing online activity as a survey of political opinion to predict real world election outcomes. There is considerably less work, however, on using this data to understand topic-specific interest and opinion amongst the general population and specific demographic subgroups, as currently measured by relatively expensive surveys. Here we investigate this possibility by studying a full census of all Twitter activity during the 2012 election cycle along with the comprehensive search history of a large panel of Internet users during the same period, highlighting the challenges in interpreting online and social media activity as the results of a survey. As noted in existing work, the online population is a non-representative sample of the offline world (e.g., the U.S. voting population). We extend this work to show how demographic skew and user participation is non-stationary and difficult to predict over time. In addition, the nature of user contributions varies substantially around important events. Furthermore, we note subtle problems in mapping what people are sharing or consuming online to specific sentiment or opinion measures around a particular topic. We provide a framework, built around considering this data as an imperfect continuous panel survey, for addressing these issues so that meaningful insight about public interest and opinion can be reliably extracted from online and social media data.
Validation of real-time ultrasound technology for predicting fat thicknesses, longissimus muscle areas, and composition of Brangus bulls from 4 months to 2 years of age.

Sixty Brangus bulls were evaluated live using two real-time ultrasound instruments and four technicians to estimate longissimus muscle area (LMA) and 12th rib fat thickness (FT) every 4 mo beginning at 4 and 12 mo of age, respectively, and continuing until 24 mo of age. Ten bulls were slaughtered every 4 mo to determine actual LMA and FT, 9-10-11th rib chemical composition, yield grade (YG) factors, and empty body weight (EBW). Live animal traits were used to predict 9-10-11th rib composition, YG, and EBW. Scanned mean FT was accurate (P less than .05) at 16 mo and was not different (P = .09) from the actual mean FT (95% of the time the error in estimation was less than or equal to .33 cm). Scanned mean LMA was accurate (P less than .05) at 12 mo (95% of the time the error in estimation was less than or equal to 20.0 cm2). Absolute differences between scanned and actual mean FT and LMA were different (P less than .05) from zero for the main effects of month, operator and(or) interpreter, and instrument. Increased level of operator skill did not improve the accuracy of FT or LMA measurements, whereas increased level of skill of the interpreter of scans did improve the accuracy of LMA estimations. There was no difference (P greater than .05) between ultrasound instruments in accuracy of estimating FT or LMA. The most accurate prediction of YG occurred at 12 mo and incorporated LW, hip height (HH), and ultrasound LMA (R2 = .95, SD = .14). The most accurate prediction of EBW occurred at 16 mo and incorporated LW, HH, and ultrasound FT (R2 = .99, SD = 6.65 kg), whereas the most accurate equation for combined slaughter periods incorporated LW, HH, and ultrasound LMA (R2 = .99, SD = 20.71 kg). We conclude that scanning of LMA at 12 mo and of FT at 12 or 16 mo were sufficiently accurate to characterize groups of bulls; however, some individual measurements were quite inaccurate. Measurements at other months should not be considered accurate for either individuals or groups of bulls. Yield grade and EBW can be accurately estimated from live animal and ultrasound measurements, which may be useful in identifying Brangus cattle with superior cutability and may eliminate the need for serial slaughter in research projects.
Where Do We Go from Here? How Addressing Clinical Complexities Will Result in Improved Therapeutic Outcomes

The past several decades have been characterized by significant advancements in the understanding and treatment of psychiatric diagnoses. Well-conceptualized and empirically supported interventions/approaches are in place for virtually all of the disorders covered in the book, and new studies are rapidly coming out that provide further insight into mental health treatments that work. Although encouraging and a marked step forward, straightforward, uncomplicated presentations are often the exception rather than the rule in terms of the individuals included in these trials. Yet, in applied practice, clinical presentations characterized by varied complexities are common and can markedly impact treatment course and outcome without appropriately consideration. The purpose of this book is to advance the literature beyond the understanding that a particular treatment, on average, works for the average person with the corresponding disorder. Rather, it is our hope that this two-series volume increases the application of personalized care in the mental health treatment of adults and children who present as clinically complex.
Is Speech Recognition Technology Robust for Older Populations

The primary objectives of this study were to investigate the robustness of current speech recognition software for older people and to gather data on the acceptability of this technology for this population. The sample included twenty-four adults from two age groups: young (20 - 29 yrs.) and older (66 - 80 yrs.). The speech recognition software used for the study was a commercially available continuous speech recognizer. Participants used the software to input a passage of text for five trials. Performance measures included reading time and system recognition errors. The results indicated that the reading time of the older adults was significantly longer than that of the younger adults. However, despite this difference there were no age differences in system recognition errors. In addition, the older people found the system easy to use and were comfortable using the technology. These results suggest that current speech recognition software is robust for both younger and older adults and is useable and acc...
Relationship of Size of Fecal Pellets to Larval Molts in Lepidoptera

Empirical laws of growth have a wide application in entomology. According to Przibram's law the weight of larvae doubles and linear dimensions increase by 1.26 in succeeding instars. But growth in insects is allometric (Wigglesworth 1953) and application of Przibram's law to such growth is of little practical value. Dyar's law of linear growth holds that the head capsule of caterpillars grows in geometrical progression by a constant ratio for the species. However, the difficulty encountered in spotting a small head capsule, shed in the midst of food particles and silk spun by the larva, or even in holding a larva stationary for microscopical measurements, justifies resorting to an easier index than that of head-capsule size. Change in size of the many fecal pellets excreted in succeeding instars provides an easy and reliable index.
An Atomistic View of Interface-Mediated Dislocation Plasticity in Thin Metal Films

Atomistic simulations using molecular statics are carried out to study dislocation plasticity in thin metal films attached to stiff substrates. The analysis utilizes a sample two-dimensional crystal, with an embedded initial point defect used for triggering dislocation activities in a controlled manner. The existence of an interface between the film and the substrate is shown to delay plastic yielding and lead to film strengthening. The capability of atoms to slide along the interface plays a crucial role in determining the macroscopic stress-strain response and the microscopic dislocation activities. Within the modeling framework we examine the quantitative interfacial sliding behavior and the resulting dislocation-interface interactions and their consequences.
Cortical-Subcortical Interactions in Depression: From Animal Models to Human Psychopathology

Depression is a debilitating disorder causing significant societal and personal suffering. Improvements in identification of major depressive disorder (MDD) and its treatment are essential to reduce its toll. Recent developments in rodent models of MDD and neuroimaging of humans suffering from the disorder provide avenues through which gains can be made towards reducing its burden. In this review, new findings, integrating across rodent models and human imaging are highlighted that have yielded new insights towards a basic understanding of the disorder. In particular, this review focuses on cortical-subcortical interactions underlying the pathophysiology of MDD. In particular, evidence is accruing that dysfunction in prefrontal-subcortical circuits including the amygdala, ventral striatum (VS), hippocampus and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) are associated with MDD status.
Effectiveness of a Hybrid Classroom in the Delivery of Medical Terminology Course Content Relative to a Traditional Classroom Format

Hybrid courses are emerging as a viable option for content delivery across college campuses. In an attempt to maximize learning outcomes while leveraging resources, one institution used several sections of a Medical Terminology course as a pilot. Traditional and hybrid course delivery were compared utilizing a quantitative research method to evaluate the effectiveness of a hybrid course design in meeting and/or exceeding course objectives, as determined by student satisfaction and perceptions. Both hybrid and traditional class groups agreed that Medical Terminology has potential to be delivered in a hybrid format, but the hybrid group’s agreement was significant stronger (+0.38 points on 5-point scale, P=0.008). Key words: hybrid course, flipped classroom, SOTL, STEM
Electrophysiological properties of developing phrenic motoneurons in the cat.

1. Intracellular recordings were made in 427 phrenic motoneurons from kittens (in four stages of postnatal development, ranging from 2 to 14 wk) and in 72 motoneurons from adult cats. These experim...
The key to reducing quackery lies in healing patients and treating their experience.

If doctors were trained in communication skills, then quackery would diminish greatly. When you are told what day you are going to die and all hope is taken away, why not seek alternative therapies?