cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Critical Care Resuscitation in Trauma Patients: Basic Principles and Evolving Frontiers

Hypovolemia secondary to uncontrolled hemorrhage is the most common cause of shock after injury. In the severely injured trauma patient, estimating the depth of shock and adequacy of resuscitation utilizing focused rapid echocardiographic evaluation (FREE) and endpoints of resuscitation including lactate, base deficit, and central venous oxygen saturation is key to developing an optimal resuscitation strategy. Damage control resuscitation (DCR), damage control surgery (DCS), angioembolization, and other endovascular techniques such as thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) and resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) have evolved to accomplish the primary objective in the clinical management of shock, which is to stop hemorrhage. In patients with ongoing bleeding, massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) are often activated with the goal of transfusing a balanced ratio of blood products. Unfortunately, these patients are at risk for developing acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC), which together with acidosis and hypothermia has been recognized for several decades as part of a lethal triad of death. Thus, utilizing point-of-care testing such as thromboelastography (TEG) should be used to guide resuscitation. Extracorporeal therapies including venovenous bypass for management of bleeding from retrohepatic liver injuries and venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for management of refractory hypoxemia are additional strategies that should be considered in the resuscitation of trauma patients.
Disparities in Hospice Utilization for Older Cancer Patients Living in the Deep South.

Abstract Context Hospice utilization is an end-of-life quality indicator. The Deep South has known disparities in palliative care that may affect hospice utilization. Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the association among Deep South patient and hospital characteristics and hospice utilization. Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated patient and hospital characteristics associated with hospice among Medicare cancer decedents aged ≥65 years in 12 southeastern cancer centers between 2012 and 2015. We examined patient-level characteristics (age, race, gender, cancer type, and received patient navigation) and hospital-level characteristics (board-certified palliative physician, inpatient palliative care beds, and hospice ownership). Outcomes included hospice (within 90 vs. three days of death). Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs evaluated the association between patient- and hospital-level characteristics and hospice outcomes using generalized log-linear models with Poisson distribution and robust variance estimates. Results Of 12,725 cancer decedents, 4142 (33%) did not utilize hospice. "No hospice" was associated with nonwhite (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.17–1.32) and nonnavigated patients (RR 1.17, 95% CI 1.10–1.25), and those at a hospital with inpatient palliative care beds (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.10–1.21). "Late hospice" (20%; n = 1458) was associated with being male (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.19–1.44) and seen at a hospital without inpatient palliative care beds (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75–0.90). Conclusions Hospice utilization differed by patient and hospital characteristics. Patients who were nonwhite, and nonnavigated, and hospitals with inpatient palliative care beds, were associated with no hospice. Research should focus on ways to improve hospice utilization in Deep South older cancer patients.
C-H Borylation Catalysts that Distinguish Between Similarly Sized Substituents Like Fluorine and Hydrogen.

By modifying ligand steric and electronic profiles it is possible to C–H borylate ortho or meta to substituents in aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds, where steric differences between accessible C–H sites are small. Dramatic effects on selectivities between reactions using B2pin2 or 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (HBpin) are described for the first time. Judicious ligand and borane combinations give highly regioselective C–H borylations on substrates where typical borylation protocols afford poor selectivities.
Transfer of specific immunity to B-cell lymphoma with syngeneic bone marrow in mice: a strategy for using autologous marrow as an anti-tumor therapy.

Persistence of the underlying malignancy remains the major obstacle limiting the success of high-dose chemoradiotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. We used the 38C13 murine B-cell lymphoma model to explore the approach of transferring tumor antigen-specific immunity with syngeneic BM as a protective element. Mice serving as syngeneic marrow donors were twice immunized with tumor-derived surface Ig protein, the idiotype of which serves as a tumor-specific antigen, or with a control Ig of matched isotype. Naive lethally irradiated recipients reconstituted with marrow from immune donors showed serologic tumor idiotype-specific immunity, as well as protection against lethal tumor challenge. The immunoprotective effect of immune marrow was also shown in lethally irradiated recipients partially protected by specific immunization post- BMT. Combined donor and recipient immunization also replaced the requirement for the booster immunization of the donor. These results provide the rationale for active immunization with purified surface Ig from autologous tumor as an adjunct to autologous BMT in humans.
Effective matrix model for nuclear physics on a quantum computer

In this project we studied a simplified potential from [1] describing nuclear physics from quark and gluon fields, where spatial degrees of freedom have been integrated over. This potential deals with the phase structure of the strong interaction. We created a matrix representation of the Hamiltonian for this theory using discrete quantum mechanics [2]. We then feed this Hamiltonian to IBM's Qiskit package [3]. We run on IBM's 32-qubit quantum simulator, which approximates the ground state energy using the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm [4]. This result is then compared with the exact ground state energy, which we can calculate classically since the matrices we use are still small enough. The bosonic Hamiltonian for a 6-qubit representation took over 1000 Pauli factors to represent fully. To improve our performance, we can look for a more efficient representation of this model's Hamiltonian. We will develop a better variational trial wave function and initial state, as well as include the effect of fermions and heavy quarks on the potential.
Synthetic approaches for growing zinc sulfide and zinc selenide colloidal nanocrystals

This review seeks to summarize what is known about the synthesis of colloidal ZnS and ZnSe nanocrystals. A variety of synthetic approaches will be discussed and compared to better understand how the size, shape, and crystal structure of these nanocrystals can be controlled. This review will discuss doped and undoped ZnS and ZnSe nanocrystal spheres and nanorods made using hot injection or heat-up methods. The use of solvent annealing and material diffusion to modify nanocrystal shapes after synthesis will also be discussed. The review will highlight the importance of determining the identities of the reacting species in a given synthesis as well as the role of solvents and ligands to better control the nucleation and growth of zinc chalcogenide nanocrystals. This review seeks to summarize what is known about the synthesis of colloidal ZnS and ZnSe nanocrystals. A variety of synthetic approaches will be discussed and compared to better understand how the size, shape, and crystal structure of these nanocrystals can be controlled. This review will discuss doped and undoped ZnS and ZnSe nanocrystal spheres and nanorods made using hot injection or heat-up methods. The use of solvent annealing and material diffusion to modify nanocrystal shapes after synthesis will also be discussed. The review will highlight the importance of determining the identities of the reacting species in a given synthesis as well as the role of solvents and ligands to better control the nucleation and growth of zinc chalcogenide nanocrystals.
On construction of equireplicated constant block-sum designs

It is shown that in general, with arbitrary levels of quantitative treatment factor, the constant block-sum balanced incomplete block designs do not exist. I then provide, assuming it exists, a gen...
Biofuel: Concepts and Considerations

Biofuels are combustible fuels derived from recently produced biomass, as opposed to ancient biomass, which is the source of petroleum products. The term biofuel usually refers to liquid fuels used as replacements for or additives to petroleum-based liquid fuel. This new 6-page publication of the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences serves as an introduction to biofuels for Extension educators and anyone interested in learning basic terminology, concepts, and impacts of biofuels as a replacement for fossil fuels. Written by Tanumoy Bera, Kanika S. Inglett, and Ann C. Wilkie.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss688
Clinical presentation, imaging findings, and arthroscopic features in skeletally immature and mature adolescent hip patients: a comparative double-cohort retrospective study.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in clinical presentation and extent of surgery required based on skeletal maturity between two cohorts of adolescent hip arthroscopy patients. We hypothesized that skeletal immaturity would be associated with a lower frequency of pincer impingement and a decreased need for surgical acetabuloplasty. Methods A database of 1481 hip arthroscopies performed by a single orthopaedic surgeon between 2008 and 2016 was queried. Patients ≤18 years of age with femoroacetabular impingement were divided into two groups based on Risser score: Risser 1-4 (skeletally immature) or Risser 5 (skeletally mature). Groups were compared with respect to presentation, diagnosis, and arthroscopic procedures performed. Results Eighty-eight skeletally immature and 49 skeletally mature patients were included. Mixed impingement was more common in skeletally mature patients than immature (67.3% vs. 48.9%, P = 0.037). Skeletal maturity was associated with a significantly increased probability of undergoing acetabuloplasty (odds ratio = 4.6, 95% confidence interval 1.4-15.5; P = 0.014). Extent of chondral degeneration was similar between groups. Conclusion Our findings support the hypothesis that skeletally immature hips undergo acetabuloplasty less frequently and demonstrate similar chondromalacia compared with a skeletally mature cohort. These results suggest that arthroscopic treatment for impingement-associated hip pain may be a reasonable option to consider for symptomatic skeletally immature patients who have completed a structured course of nonoperative treatment. Additional longitudinal outcomes data are needed to clarify the natural history of impingement-associated hip pain in younger populations and whether hip arthroscopy delays progression of osteoarthritis in these patients.
Stabilizing Low-Wage Work

Low-wage, hourly-paid service workers are increasingly subject to employers’ “just-in-time” scheduling practices. In a just-in-time model, employers give workers little advance notice of their schedules, call workers in to work during non-scheduled times to meet unexpected customer demand, and send workers home early when business is slow. The federal Fair Labor Standards Act, the main guarantor of workers’ wage and hour rights, provides no remedy for the unpredictable work hours and income instability caused by employers’ last minute call-in and send-home practices. This Article examines two alternative sources of legal protection that have received little attention in the literature on low-wage work: provisions in unionized workers’ collective bargaining agreements that guarantee a minimum number of hours of pay when workers are called in to or sent home from work unexpectedly, and state laws that contain similar guaranteed-pay provisions. The Article concludes by assessing these tools’ effectiveness in stabilizing low-wage work.
Hashtag and visual analysis of the graffiti art response to Covid-19 on Instagram

The Covid-19 pandemic fostered a flurry of activity from various quarters, including the artistic response of the graffiti art community. Numerous works of graffiti art are documented daily on the image sharing platform Instagram, making it an obvious choice for examination of graffiti art images relating to the pandemic and the hashtags associated with the works. Using manual gathering of data from Instagram, a series of visual themes became apparent. Hashtags were also examined for comparison to the visual themes and to confirm the use of compound tagging to express complex subjects within the limitations of the platform. This preliminary work demonstrates the possibility of manual data collection from Instagram, but also raises a number of other questions that could not be addressed in a short report. The research is a first step in the effort to support previous research on facets for graffiti art description from other platforms curated by the graffiti art community outside Instagram.
Genome Annotation and Curation Using MAKER and MAKER-P

This unit describes how to use the genome annotation and curation tools MAKER and MAKER-P to annotate protein-coding and noncoding RNA genes in newly assembled genomes, update/combine legacy annotations in light of new evidence, add quality metrics to annotations from other pipelines, and map existing annotations to a new assembly. MAKER and MAKER-P can rapidly annotate genomes of any size, and scale to match available computational resources.
Studies on the binding and function of flavin phosphates with flavin mononucleotide-dependent enzymes.

Abstract The binding and function of FMN, 3,6,7-trimethyl-9-(1'-d-ribityl)isoalloxazine 5'-phosphate (3-methyl-FMN),6,7-dichloro-9-(1'-d-ribityl)isoalloxazine 5'-phosphate (6,7-dichloro-FMN), and 6,7-dimethyl-9-(5'-hydroxypentyl)isoalloxazine 5'-phosphate (5'-hydroxypentyl-FMN) has been investigated with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dehydrogenase and NADPH cytochrome c reductase from yeast, NADH oxidase from a pseudomonad, pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase from liver, and glycolate oxidase from spinach. Considerable variation has been observed in the quantitative behavior of the flavin phosphates with the differing apoenzymes through measurements of Vmax and Km or Ki. The earlier postulation that the 3-imino group of the isoalloxazine is primary point of attachment of the flavin phosphate to an FMN-dependent apoenzyme must now be modified, especially for the NADPH dehydrogenase ("old yellow enzyme") which has been considered to be the prototype of flavin coenzyme-apoenzyme interaction. Present observations with 3-methyl-FMN indicate a lack of absolute dependence on the 3-imino group and suggest a rather diffuse interaction through mutual polarization or partial charge transfer between relatively large portions of the isoalloxazine structure and perhaps aromatic amino acid residues in the proteins. The generally better binding than function of 6,7-dichloro-FMN indicates that the relatively poor function of similar analogues may be expected with substituent changes in position 6 and 7 which are of the approximate size of methyl groups but through contribution to the electromeric structure of the isoalloxazine markedly change the oxidation-reduction potential. The optimal requirement for a full complement of secondary hydroxyl groups in d configuration on the side chain in position 9 is apparent from the generally decreased coenzymatic activity seen with 5'-hydroxypentyl-FMN. However, there is no absolute dependence on interaction of the enzymes with each secondary hydroxyl group of a flavin phosphate, but rather a steric relationship which favors proper disposition of coenzyme to apoenzyme.
Are Iranians Happy? A Comparative Study Between Iran and the United States

This study is based on a survey of 544 respondents in 1995 and 1055respondent in 1997 from Tehran, Iran. It measures the degree ofhappiness among Iranians across gender, income, age, and educationallevels. By drawing on satisfaction with various dimensions of life,the study also explores the correlates of happiness and comparesthem with the 1994 GSS survey of Americans.
LASER SCISSORS AND TWEEZERS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the laser scissors and tweezers. The use of laser scissors and tweezers is described from three perspectives: (a) the historical background from which these two techniques evolved, (b) an understanding and lack of understanding of the mechanisms of interaction with the biological systems, and (c) the applications of the scissors and tweezers alone and in combination. As the technology improves and a better understanding of how these two tools operate is gained, they will become even more useful in probing cell structure and function, as well as practically manipulating cells in genetics, oncology, and developmental biology. It is not surprising that these two noninvasive optical tools would be combined to provide the cell biologist with the capability both to hold and to cut individual cells and organelles. The first combined use of these techniques was to induce cell fusion by first holding and positioning two cells with the laser tweezers, then cutting the adjoining cell membranes with the laser scissors.
Protein Inhibition by Microinjection and RNA-Mediated Interference in Tissue Culture Cells: Complementary Approaches to Study Protein Function

A major goal in cell biology is to understand the molecular mechanisms of the biological process under study, which requires functional information about the roles of individual proteins in the cell. For many non-genetic model organisms researchers have relied on the use of inhibitory reagents, such as antibodies that can be microinjected into cells. More recently, the advent of RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) has allowed scientists to knockdown individual proteins and to examine the consequences of the knockdown. In this chapter we present a comparison between microinjection of inhibitory reagents and RNAi for the analysis of protein function in mammalian tissue culture cells, providing both a description of the techniques as well as a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of each approach. In addition, we present a strategy to employ RNAi for organisms without a sequenced genome. While the focus of our research is on the organization of the mitotic spindle during cell division and thus the examples utilized are from that system, the approaches described here should be readily applicable to multiple experimental models.
Practice Patterns in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Objective. To determine practice patterns of office-based pediatricians and neonatologists in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in healthy, term newborns during 1992, before the publication of the practice guideline for treatment of neonatal jaundice by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).1 The survey was undertaken to inform the AAP9s Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia on current practices and to aid it in its preparation of the guidelines. It was also anticipated that this survey would serve as a basis for comparison for a second survey to be performed several years after the publication of the practice guidelines. Methods. A self-administered questionnaire describing a single case of a jaundiced, breastfed 36-hour-old healthy, full-term infant with a total serum bilirubin concentration of 11.0 mg/dL (188 μM/L) was sent to a random sample of 600 office-based pediatricians and 606 neonatologists who were members of the AAP. The final response rate was 74%. Respondents were asked to answer questions regarding treatment of the case based on their actual practices. Ranges of total serum bilirubin concentration were provided as possible answers to questions on initiation of phototherapy and exchange transfusion, and interruption of breastfeeding. Respondents were also queried about frequency of serum bilirubin testing, locations of phototherapy administration, and factors influencing their therapeutic decisions. Results. Four hundred forty-two office-based pediatricians and 444 neonatologists completed the survey. There was a tendency for neonatologists to initiate both phototherapy and exchange transfusions at lower serum bilirubin concentrations than office-based general pediatricians. At a serum bilirubin of 13 to 19 mg/dL (222 to 325 μM/L), 54% of office-based pediatricians stated they would initiate phototherapy whereas 76% of neonatologists would do so. Forty percent of office-based practitioners said they would perform exchange transfusions at serum bilirubin levels of 20 to 25 mg/dL (342 to 428 μM/L), whereas 60% of neonatologists said they would. Only a small percentage of both office-based practitioners (13%) and neonatologists (16%) indicated they would interrupt breastfeeding at 8 to 13 mg/dL (137 to 222 μM/L); but with each incremental level of serum bilirubin, an increasing proportion of neonatologists would interrupt breastfeeding. Little correlation was found between treatment practices and demographic characteristics except for years in practice; physicians with the fewest years in practice (5 years or less) differed significantly from all other groups of physicians in initiating exchange transfusions at higher serum bilirubin concentrations. Conclusions. The results of this survey indicated a wide range of variation of opinion among both groups of physicians, most likely a reflection of the uncertainty and controversy surrounding these issues. The data may also reflect a possible wide range of “acceptable practice” as opposed to a narrow treatment standard. Office-based practitioners more closely approximated the new 1994 recommendations than neonatologists.1
Interpreting Inflation Persistence: Comments on the Conference on "Quantitative Evidence on Price Determination"

THE PAST DECADE has seen important advances in the analysis of price-setting behavior. Most notably, in my view, a great deal of effort has been directed at the development of models that, on the one hand, have an explicit behavioral interpretation-the models are clear about who sets prices, what they seek to achieve when choosing prices, and to what constraints they are subject when making the decision-and at the same time, can be parameterized so as to be compared in detail to inflation data. This has allowed these models to be incorporated into complete DSGE models of business fluctuations and of the monetary transmission mechanism that can be econometrically estimated. This raises the prospect that it should soon be possible to base policy analysis on models that are both quantitatively realistic and plausibly invariant under the kinds of changes in policy that the analyst may wish to contemplate. Some argue that these two desiderata remain in considerable tension with one another-that one cannot insist upon optimizing foundations, at least under the current state of knowledge, without substantial sacrifice of quantitative realism. It is somewhat unfair, however, to present the quest for a model with optimizing foundations as a retreat from full insistence upon empirical realism, given the fact that models with clear behavioral interpretations can be checked against a wider range of types of empirical evidence, which should ultimately allow greater confidence in the realism of the specification that can withstand such scrutiny. For example, the exhaustive recent study of evidence on price-setting in the euro area undertaken by the Eurosystem's Inflation Persistence Network compares alternative models in the light of three distinct
Statistical Data Base for the Biomechanical Properties of the Human Shoulder Complex—II: Passive Resistive Properties Beyond the Shoulder Complex Sinus

In mathematical modeling of multi-segmented articulating total-human-body, there is no doubt that the shoulder complex plays one of the most important roles. However, proper biomechanical passive resistive force data have been lacking in the literature. This paper presents determination of the three-dimensional passive resistive joint properties beyond the maximal voluntary shoulder complex sinus. A functional expansion with two spherical angular variables in the local joint axis system is proposed to fit the overall restoring force (moment) data. A constant restoring force (moment) contour map as well as a three-dimensional perspective view of the results are presented in a new coordinate system defined in this study. Finally, a statistical data base is established by utilizing the statistical analysis procedures discussed in Part I of this paper.
Response of nannoplankton to early Eocene ocean destratification

Abstract Nannoplankton play a significant role in the global carbon cycle; changes in the composition of the assemblage can influence primary productivity, carbon burial, and ultimately climate. Here counts of nannofossils in Eocene samples document one of the largest nannoplankton assemblage turnovers of the Cenozoic Era. This event is marked by the global expansion of Reticulofenestra at the termination of the early Eocene climatic optimum (EECO), and continues through the progressive cooling to the earliest Oligocene glaciation. To understand the mechanisms driving this assemblage shift we use multivariate statistical techniques and carbon and oxygen isotope records from localities worldwide. We find that the turnover in the global nannofossil assemblage is tied to thermal destratification of the ocean and a coincident decrease in the efficiency of the oceanic biologic pump at the height of the EECO. We propose that increased vertical mixing and increased nutrient supply to surface waters during the EECO caused a shift in the trophic structure towards enhanced productivity, influencing the global nannoplankton population.
Photodissociation of transition metal β-diketonates

Abstract The laser photodissociation mass spectra of various metal β-diketonates were obtained. Molecular ions were mass selected and photodissociated at 488 nm. The photofragment ions were analyzed using ion kinetic energy (IKE) analysis. Generally, the loss of an intact ligand was observed for the trivalent metal chelates whereas the loss of a β-diketone terminal substituent was observed for the divalent metal chelate ions. In contrast, non-transition metal β-diketonates did not yield photofragments. The spectroscopic results are compared qualitatively with the electron ionization, chemical ionization, and electronic absorption spectra of the β-diketonates.
Relationship of milk proteins in blood with somatic cell counts in milk of dairy cows.

Abstract Intramammary leucocytosis was induced by injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin via the teat canal in three lactating Holstein cows. Concentrations of α-lactalbumin and casein in blood serum were measured, and somatic cell concentration and yield and composition of milk were determined. Endotoxin injection elicited mean increases of 100-fold in somatic cell concentration and 50% in protein concentration, whereas milk yield declined 5-fold and lactose concentration was halved. Concentrations of α-lactalbumin and casein in blood rose from 80 to 1909 and 0 to 1231ng/ml, respectively. By 96h postinjection, all variables were approximately equal to those preinjection. In a second study, concentration of α-lactalbumin was determined in blood of lactating cows in two herds (n = 332) and related to milk somatic cell count. Concentrations of α-lactalbumin in blood were correlated with somatic cell counts (r = .60). Mean concentrations of α-lactalbumin increased with increasing cell count even at low somatic cell concentrations (25 to 250×10 3 ). Concentrations of milk proteins in blood serum apparently reflect competency of the blood-milk barrier and 5 therefore yield an indirect measure of udder health.
Marvelous Possessions: The Wonder of the New World

Marvelous Possessions: The Wonder of the New World. Stephen Greenblatt. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991. xiii + 202 pp. plates, illustrations, notes, index. $24.95 (cloth).ISBN 0–226–30651–8.
Smoking and cardiac rehabilitation participation: Associations with referral, attendance and adherence.

Abstract Objective: Continued smoking after a cardiac event greatly increases mortality risk. Smoking cessation and participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are effective in reducing morbidity and mortality. However, these two behaviors may interact; those who smoke may be less likely to access or complete CR. This review explores the association between smoking status and CR referral, attendance, and adherence. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted examining associations between smoking status and CR referral, attendance and completion in peer-reviewed studies published through July 1st, 2014. For inclusion, studies had to report data on outpatient CR referral, attendance or completion rates and smoking status had to be considered as a variable associated with these outcomes. Results: Fifty-six studies met inclusion criteria. In summary, a history of smoking was associated with an increased likelihood of referral to CR. However, smoking status also predicted not attending CR and was a strong predictor of CR dropout. Conclusion: Continued smoking after a cardiac event predicts lack of attendance in, and completion of CR. The issue of smoking following a coronary event deserves renewed attention.
The Effects of Spherical Geometry on the Evolution of Baroclinic Waves

Abstract The effects of spherical geometry on the nonlinear evolution of baroclinic waves are investigated by comparing integrations of a two-layer primitive equation (PE) model in spherical and Cartesian geometry. To isolate geometrical effects, the integrations use basic states with nearly identical potential vorticity (PV) structure. Although the linear normal modes are very similar, significant differences develop at finite amplitude. Anticyclones (cyclones) in spherical geometry are relatively stronger (weaker) than those in Cartesian geometry. For this basic state, the strong anticyclones on the sphere are associated with anticyclonic wrapping of high PV in the upper layer (i.e., high PV air is advected southward and westward relative to the wave). In Cartesian geometry, large quasi-barotropic cyclonic vortices develop, and no anticyclonic wrapping of PV occurs. Because of their influence on the synoptic-scale flow, spherical geometric effects also lead to significant differences in the structure of...
Shape sensitivity analysis of boundary optimal control problems for parabolic systems

This paper is concerned with the shape sensitivity analysis of a class of boundary control, constrained, optimal control problems for parabolic systems. The notion of Euler and Lagrange derivatives of a boundary optimal control in the direction of a vector field is introduced. The derivatives are obtained in the form of optimal solutions of auxiliary optimal control problems. The method of sensitivity analysis used in this paper is based on related results on the differential stability of metric projections in Hilbert space onto a convex, closed subset, combined with the material derivative method of shape sensitivity analysis. Parabolic initial-boundary value problems with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are considered in this paper.
New Procedure for Detector Data Screening in Traffic Management Systems

Automated monitoring of traffic conditions in traffic management systems is of increasing importance as the sizes and complexities of these systems expand. Accurate monitoring of traffic conditions is dependent on accurate input data, yet techniques that can be used to screen data and remove erroneous records are not used in many traffic management systems. Procedures that can be used to perform quality checks on the data before their use in traffic management applications play a critical role in ensuring the proper functioning of condition-monitoring methods such as incident detection algorithms. Tests that screen traffic data can be divided into two categories: threshold value tests and tests that apply basic traffic flow theory principles. Tests that use traffic flow theory use the inherent relationships among speed, volume, and occupancy to assess data validity. In particular, a test that derives the average effective vehicle length from the observed traffic variables detects a wide range of erroneous data. A new data-screening procedure combines both threshold value tests and traffic flow theory-based tests and can serve as a valuable tool in traffic management applications.
Management of Canine Pituitary-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism With 1-Deprenyl (Anipryl)

Although the pathogenesis of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) has not been elucidated fully, a growing body of evidence points to the role of altered dopamine metabolism. This article discusses the rationale and clinical use of 1-deprenyl (Anipryl), a selective MAO-B inhibitor, in the medical management of canine PDH.
NEW CONSEQUENCES OF COSMIC QUANTUM MECHANICS

The recent discovery of quantized red-shifts for galaxies suggests a cosmic form of quantum mechanics which may explain the observed properties of galaxies. Some consequences of the new theory were presented in two papers. This paper adds to the list by exploring possible connections between the cosmic Planck’s constant, (hg), and other fundamental constants of nature.
Methodology for designing image similarity metrics based on human visual system models

In this paper we present an image similarity metric for content-based image database search. The similarity metric is based on a multiscale model of the human visual system. This multiscale model includes channels which account for perceptual phenomena such as color, contrast, color-contrast and orientation selectivity. From these channels, we extract features and then form an aggregate measure of similarity using a weighted linear combination of the feature differences. The choice of features and weights is made to maximize the consistency with similarity ratings made by human subjects. In particular, we use a visual test to collect experimental image matching data. We then define a cost function relating the distances computed by the metric to the choices made by the human subject. The results indicate that features corresponding to contrast, color-contrast and orientation can significantly improve search performance. Furthermore, the systematic optimization and evaluation strategy using the visual test is a general tool for designing and evaluating image similarity metrics.
nirsLAB: A Computing Environment for fNIRS Neuroimaging Data Analysis

A publicly available GUI-based MATLAB resource for analysis and mapping of functional near infrared topographic neuroimaging measures is described. Code features include sensor registration and Level-1 and 2 GLM-based statistical parametric mapping.
A Test of Ice Self-Collection Kernels Using Aircraft Data

Abstract Aircraft observations from the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers (CRYSTAL)–Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (FACE) campaign obtained in the anvil of a large convective storm from 26 July 2002 are presented. During this flight a Lagrangian spiral descent was made, allowing the evolution of the ice particle size distribution to be followed. Relative humidities during ∼1 km (from −11° to −3°C) of the descent were within 4% of ice saturation. It was assumed that the ice particle size distribution was evolving through the process of aggregation alone. Three idealized ice–ice collection kernels were used in a model of ice aggregation and compared to the observed ice particle size distribution evolution: a geometric sweep-out kernel, a Golovin (sum of particle masses) kernel, and a modified-Golovin kernel (sum of particle masses raised to a power). The Golovin kernel performed worst. The sweep-out kernel produced good agreement with the observations when a constant aggregation eff...
Iridium Clusters Supported on γ-Al2O3: Structural Characterization and Catalysis of Toluene Hydrogenation

Abstract Iridium clusters were prepared on γ-Al 2 O 3 that had been calcined at 400°C. When supported [Ir 4 (CO) 12 ], the precursor, was treated in H 2 at various temperatures, it was decarbonylated, with aggregation taking place to various degrees to give a family of supported clusters and aggregates with average diameters in the range of about 9 to 33 A, as determined by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Similarly, samples were decarbonylated in He, and the degree of aggregation of the iridium was less than in H 2 under comparable conditions. Infrared spectra show that decarbonylation of the supported [Ir 4 (CO) 12 ] in the presence of H 2 was not reversible and was accompanied by aggregation of the iridium; infrared spectra of CO adsorbed on the decarbonylated samples were characterized by a band at 2058 cm −1 , typical of terminal CO adsorbed on iridium particles. The γ-Al 2 O 3 -supported iridium clusters and aggregates were used to catalyze toluene hydrogenation at 60°C and 1 atm. Samples with nearly the same Ir–Ir first-shell coordination number (nearly the same dispersion) were characterized by essentially the same catalytic activity, independent of whether the decarbonylation was carried out in He or H 2 . The catalytic activity for the structure-insensitive toluene hydrogenation reaction was found to increase with increasing average cluster or aggregate diameter and to be greater for iridium on the calcined γ-Al 2 O 3 than for iridium on uncalcined γ-Al 2 O 3 .
Preparing for polar-drive ignition on the National Ignition Facility

The implementation of polar drive (PD) at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) will enable the execution of direct-drive implosions while the facility is configured for x-ray drive. The Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE), in collaboration with LLNL, LANL and GA, is implementing PD on the NIF. LLE has designed and participates in the use of PD implosions for diagnostic commissioning on the NIF. LLE has an active experimental campaign to develop PD in both warm and cryogenic target experiments on OMEGA. LLE and its partners are developing a Polar Drive Project Execution Plan, which will provide a detailed outline of the requirements, resources, and timetable leading to PD-ignition experiments on the NIF.
“Interpretational confounding”; and canonical correlation in leisure research

Abstract The problem of “interpretational confounding”; (Burt, 1976) in structural equation models generally, and canonical correlation in particular, is discussed and illustrated. A distinction is made between epistemic criteria and structural criteria which give empirical meaning to latent variables. It is shown that a result from a canonical correlation analysis based on structural criteria, but interpreted on the basis of epistemic criteria (or vice versa), can be both erroneous and confusing.
Q switching by saturable absorption in microdroplets: elastic scattering and laser emission.

Laser-induced modification of cavity Q’s has been achieved in a microdroplet containing a saturable absorber. The elastic-scattering spectra from such droplets for higher incident intensities show that cavity Q’s are increased when the absorption is bleached. The lasing spectra from a droplet containing a saturable absorber and laser dye are modified when an intense bleaching field is injected into the droplet cavity after the pump field has initiated the lasing.
Writing Bill Clinton: Mediated Discourses on Hegemonic Masculinity and the 2008 Presidential Primary

This study seeks to examine how traditional gender scripts function to reinforce hegemonic discourses about groups that already occupy positions of political power and dominance. A close analysis of the 2008 Democratic Primary coverage reveals that the media discursively framed former president Bill Clinton's role reversal as spouse of a presidential candidate as a reaffirmation of hegemonic discourses about masculinity and the presidency. The media framing positioned Bill Clinton as the popular, patriarchal head of the Democratic Party. Emphasizing his celebrity and charm among Democrats, his attempts to protect and legitimize his wife's candidacy, and his political experience and prowess, the co-construction of President Clinton by the campaign and the media not only continued to focus attention on the former president but also highlighted and reinforced traditional gender expectations for the presidency. We argue that this framing of Bill Clinton as the popular, patriarchal head of the Democratic Party...
The main linac cavity for Cornell's energy recovery linac: Cavity design through horizontal cryomodule prototype test

Abstract Future particle accelerators will require continuous wave operation of SRF cavities capable of supporting high beam currents. An example of this is the Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) at Cornell University, a next generation light source designed to run high currents (100 mA) with a high bunch repetition rate (1.3 GHz). Obtaining the beam emittance necessary to meet design specification requires strong damping of higher-order modes that can lead to beam breakup. We discuss the optimization and verification of the accelerating cavity. Next we show that an ERL constructed from the optimized cavity geometry – including realistic shape errors – can support beam currents in excess of 300 mA while still maintaining beam stability. A niobium prototype 7-cell cavity was fabricated and tested in a horizontal cryomodule. We show that the prototype cavity exceeds quality factor and gradient specifications of 2 × 10 10 at 16.2 MV/m at 1.8 K by 50%, reaching Q = ( 3.0 ± 0.3 ) × 10 10 . The prototype cavity also satisfies all design constraints and has a higher order mode spectrum consistent with the optimized shape geometry. At 1.6 K, the cavity set a record for quality factor of a multicell cavity installed in a horizontal cryomodule reaching Q = ( 6.1 ± 0.6 ) × 10 10 .
Energy from Nothing

When reading “Galilean Relativity and the Work—Kinetic Energy Theorem” by Brandon and James Tefft (TPT 45, 218–220, April 2007), one might ask a question, “What is the source of the kinetic energy the ball is obtaining?” The natural answer would be that this source is the muscles of the man throwing it (i.e., electrochemical processes in the arm). This answer is described mathematically by Eq. (7), where F is the force acting on the ball from the arm of the man, and d is the displacement provided by the arm. If we mention that this is right only for the system resting relative to the train, the answer, provided by Eq. (8), would sound like this, “The source of the energy is the muscles of the man throwing the ball and .” Here we would have to stop, because the last term in Eq. (8), has, according to the authors, a purely kinematical (i.e., geometrical) origin. Without giving to this term a dynamical explanation, one can get an impression that the work done on the system can be the result of purely geometrical transformations.
Case Report: Hypodipsia and Hypernatremia in Congenital Hydrocephalus

ABSTRACT The authors deseribe a case of hypodipsia and severe hypernatremia most probably secondary to hydrocephalus in a 22-year-old man in the absence of abnormalities of ADH secretion or metabolism. The patient became hypernatremic only in situations when the decreased spontaneous fluid intake was insufficient to replace that lost caused by sweating or vomiting. Adequate hydration returned the sodium value to normal.
The Moral Metacognition Scale: Development and Validation

Scholars have advocated for the inclusion of metacognition (i.e., the extent to which one thinks about one’s thinking) in our understanding of the ethical decision making process and in support of moral learning. An instrument to measure metacognition as a domain-specific capacity related to ethical decision making (i.e. moral metacognition) is not found in the current literature. This research describes the development and validation of the 20-item Moral Metacognition Scale (MMS). Psychometric properties of the scale were assessed by exploration (Study 1) and confirmation (Study 2) of the factor structure, and the demonstration of convergent (Studies 3 and 4), discriminant (Studies 3 and 4), and predictive (Study 4) validity. Moral metacognition, as measured by the MMS, was significantly correlated with ethical awareness and ethical judgment. Limitations of our research, suggestions for future exploration, and practical implications are discussed.
High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of MS23 piperidine analog MSP001 in rat plasma.

Abstract MSP001 is a newly synthesized piperidine analog of the lead antihypertensive compound MS23 that dually targets cAMP-specific type 4 phosphodiesterase and L-type calcium channels. We validated an analytical protocol for MSP001 in rat plasma using high performance liquid chromatographic method. A C18 column and a phosphate/acetonitrile buffer were used to perform the chromatographic separation. UV detection was carried out at 307 nm, a wavelength at which an absorption peak was detected for this group of compounds. The calibration curve for MSP001 was linear in the range from 25 to 10,000 ng/ml. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 25 ng/ml. The results demonstrate that this method has high linearity ( R = 0.99995), compound specificity, and acceptable precision/accuracy. The protocol is suitable for in vivo pharmacokinetic studies on the compound.
Temperatures reduced by El Niño's effects

The increase in global air temperature recorded between the 1960s and 1980s is reduced by about a third when the warming effects of El Ninos are removed from the data, according to a recent study published in the July issue of Geophysical Research Letters. The research shows that El Ninos, or climatic events characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific, have a strong effect on the temperature of the lower atmosphere worldwide.
Creating a Web of Trust and Change: Testing the Gamson Hypothesis on Politically Interested Internet Users

This study used an online survey of politically interested Internet users to examine the Gamson hypothesis, which asserts that those who are low in political trust and high in political self-efficacy can be most easily mobilized into political action. Previous studies have focused on behavioral effects of trust and efficacy, whereas this study also included an affective measure, feelings of political involvement. This study also employed reliance on Internet components as a measure of political activity. Internet users in general were almost equally divided between being an Assured (high in trust and efficacy) and a Dissident (low in trust and efficacy). This study found mixed support for the Gamson hypothesis.
Equity Trading Activity and Credit Spread Shock

This study investigates how equity trading activity dynamically responds to credit spread shock. Based on the analysis of monthly data from 1925M1 to 2013M7, equity trading activity, using share volume turnover as a proxy, significantly drops following the shock to credit spread. The results from the Granger-causality test show that credit spread Granger-causes equity trading activity to drop. The variance decomposition results indicate that credit spread forecasts about 1.77%, 2.25% and 4.22% of equity trading activity at the 3-month, 6-month and 12-month horizons, respectively.