cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Founding the Geophysical Laboratory, 1901-1905: A scientific bonanza from perception and persistence

Charles Doolittle Walcott, during his career as Director of the U.S. Geological Survey (1894-1907) was interested in broad problems of the earth. Within a few days of meeting Andrew Carnegie in December 1901, he had laid plans for a geophysical laboratory, relying on the advice of G. F. Becker. Walcott became Secretary of the new Carnegie Institution of Washington (CIW) and Secretary of the Executive Committee and began to plan for a major research campus in Washington, advising Carnegie and others of his activities. A joint advisory committee met in July 1902 and unanimously supported a laboratory as out-lined earlier; however, the concept of a research campus, and particularly a laboratory for earth sciences investigations, was rejected by the Trustees in the fall of 1902. Nevertheless, Walcott continued to put considerable effort into operations of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, made all the more difficult by the reluctance of the President, D. C. Gilman, to take action.Walcott9s view of major centralized facilities was counter to that of John Shaw Billings, who became Chairman of the Board in 1903. Although Walcott continued to garner outside support for a laboratory and repeatedly wrote Carnegie on the subject, he was unable to move the project forward. In the fall of 1904, Robert S. Woodward became the second President of CIW, and the Executive Committee was also reorganized. By December 1905, the laboratory was approved, and even though Carnegie was against any major building projects, Walcott was able to satisfy him as to the merits of this laboratory. Throughout the years of campaigning for the facility, Becker supported a broad view of geophysics, but when the Geophysical Laboratory was finally established under Arthur L. Day, it had a more restrictive program oriented toward the study of the physical chemistry of igneous rocks.
Understanding why women seek abortions in the US

Background: The current political climate with regards to abortion in the US, along with the economic recession may be affecting women’s reasons for seeking abortion, warranting a new investigation into the reasons why women seek abortion. Methods: Data for this study were drawn from baseline quantitative and qualitative data from the Turnaway Study, an ongoing, five-year, longitudinal study evaluating the health and socioeconomic consequences of receiving or being denied an abortion in the US. While the study has followed women for over two full years, it relies on the baseline data which were collected from 2008 through the end of 2010. The sample included 954 women from 30 abortion facilities across the US who responded to two open ended questions regarding the reasons why they wanted to terminate their pregnancy approximately one week after seeking an abortion. Results: Women’s reasons for seeking an abortion fell into 11 broad themes. The predominant themes identified as reasons for seeking abortion included financial reasons (40%), timing (36%), partner related reasons (31%), and the need to focus on other children (29%). Most women reported multiple reasons for seeking an abortion crossing over several themes (64%). Using mixed effects multivariate logistic regression analyses, we identified the social and demographic predictors of the predominant themes women gave for seeking an abortion. Conclusions: Study findings demonstrate that the reasons women seek abortion are complex and interrelated, similar to those found in previous studies. While some women stated only one factor that contributed to their desire to terminate their pregnancies, others pointed to a myriad of factors that, cumulatively, resulted in their seeking abortion. As indicated by the differences we observed among women’s reasons by individual characteristics, women seek abortion for reasons related to their circumstances, including their socioeconomic status, age, health, parity and marital status. It is important that policy makers consider women’s motivations for choosing abortion, as decisions to support or oppose such legislation could have profound effects on the health, socioeconomic outcomes and life trajectories of women facing unwanted pregnancies.
Trends in the environmental impacts of CMOS manufacturing

A life cycle inventory model is presented in this study which describes resource demands and chemical emissions for the semiconductor manufacturing process flow of CMOS logic devices. The model is used to analyze several technology generations of chips, from the 1995-era 350 nm node to the 45 nm node, the most advanced CMOS design in current production. Detailed equipment-level data allows an understanding of the relative magnitude of resource demands and impacts by process step or chemical. The analysis illustrates trends in energy use and emissions, including hazardous, volatile organic and global warming gas emissions, over time and thus provides a means to forecast energy and water demands associated with near-future logic device manufacturing.
Scavenger: An Adaptive Design Technique for Low Power ASIC/FPGA

Energy harvesting systems are becoming more attractive for remote sensing applications. In this paper, we propose a new technique that performs the voltage scaling in conjunction with frequency scaling to achieve ultra low power design in ASIC/FPGA. To detect errors and obtain the corrected data without any loss in performance, a delayed clock flip-flop is utilized to borrow timing from non-critical paths to be used in critical paths evaluation. Conservative experimental results suggest that our design technique can reduce the power consumption in FPGAs by 31%for a 100% error free operation and a 1%disagreement between the output values of the main and the delayed flip-flop. This disagreement signal,referred by the name “risk” in this paper, is used as a status signal to indicate drop in the available safety margins for error free operation. This approach thereby gives maximum flexibility in all three critical areas: performance, power, and robustness.
Radiation-induced esophageal strictures in children with cancer

The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term esophageal side effects of irradiation and (doxorubicin) chemotherapy given to children with cancer. Barium esophagograms and medical records of 18 patients with esophagitis who received between 1200 and 5580 cGy to the chest and chemotherapy were reviewed. The age range was 3-14 years. Esophageal strictures occurring 1-10 years after therapy were found in 5 patients with lymphoma; 3 of the five received doses of 4000 cGy or greater. Three children with esophagitis who received doses of 4000 cGy did not have stricture formation. However, their follow-up time was only 1-3 years. Of the 5 patients with esophageal stricture, 4 were treated with multiple dilatations, and a fifth required colonic interposition. Combined mediastinal irradiation and chemotherapy can result in esophageal stricture 1-10 years after therapy.
The Influence of Storage on Hatchability of Ringneck Pheasant Eggs

Abstract From May 24, 1973 through October 23, 1973 a total of 20,161 Ringneck pheasant eggs were gathered, stored from 1 to 14 days, and set for hatching. Results of the hatches were analyzed to determine the effect of storage on hatchability and the influence of storage on mortality of the embryo during three critical periods (0 to 8 days, 9 to 17 days, 18 to 24 days) of incubation. The analysis of the effect of storage on hatchability revealed a significant decline in hatchability of eggs stored 10 or more days. This closely parallels the results obtained by other researchers investigating domestic poultry species. The examination of the relationships of storage to critical stages of embryo mortality indicated some degree of significance but insufficient proof to inculpate storage as a critical factor in embryo mortality. However, mortality was more prevalent in the initial critical stage of incubation than the other two stages of incubation examined.
System for combined three-dimensional morphological and molecular analysis of thick tissue specimens.

We present a new system for simultaneous morphological and molecular analysis of thick tissue samples. The system is composed of a computer assisted microscope and a JAVA-based image display, analysis and visualization program that allows acquisition, annotation, meaningful storage, three-dimensional reconstruction and analysis of structures of interest in thick sectioned tissue specimens. We describe the system in detail and illustrate its use by imaging, reconstructing and analyzing two complete tissue blocks which were differently processed and stained. One block was obtained from a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lumpectomy specimen and stained alternatively with Hematoxilyn and Eosin (H&E), and with a counterstain and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to the ERB-B2 gene. The second block contained a fully sectioned mammary gland of a mouse, stained for Histology with H&E. We show how the system greatly reduces the amount of interaction required for the acquisition and analysis and is therefore suitable for studies that require morphologically driven, wide scale (e.g., whole gland) analysis of complex tissue samples or cultures.
The work of waste: inside India's infra-economy

My essay1 focuses on the marginalised people whose livelihoods depend on gathering, sorting, transporting and selling garbage in India's huge informal economy, livelihoods now challenged as municipal governments contract the recycling of waste to corporations. The evolving, bumpy geography of the waste economy creates permanent border areas of primitive accumulation and both devalorised and valorised people and places. I make a case for understanding informal sector activities, such as the work of transforming the city's detritus, as part of a vast infra-economy and the varied forms of labour performed within heterogeneous value chains of waste transformation as infrastructural labour that produces what Marx called capital's ‘general’ and ‘external’ conditions of production. Through close examination of the spatiotemporal lattice of informal municipal solid waste recycling, I demonstrate how these economies are at once highly organised and brittle, with each node in their value chains subject to disruption by state and market forces. While relative opacity, labour intensity of tasks and dependence on embodied knowledge (metis), indeed a ‘bodily’ feel for space, give informal economies the capacity to resist external efforts to transform, subsume or eradicate them; lack of social security and employment protections also means that workers and micro-enterprise owners within them inhabit the thin line between survival and failure, rendering them vulnerable to economic and political fluctuations. The upshot is that the labour of waste and other informal sector workers is critical for maintaining the quality of life desired by the well off in cities of the global South, but fails to get the recognition it deserves. Waste workers are poorly compensated, regularly stigmatised and frequently invisible in policy decisions. This is an enduring inequity that demands urgent correction.
The Power of Theoretical Knowledge

Nursing theoretical knowledge has demonstrated powerful contributions to education, research, administration and professional practice for guiding nursing thought and action. That knowledge has shifted the primary focus of the nurse from nursing functions to the person. Theoretical views of the person raise new questions, create new approaches and instruments for nursing research, and expand nursing scholarship throughout the world.
Predicting fine-scale distributions of peripheral aquatic species in headwater streams.

Headwater species and peripheral populations that occupy habitat at the edge of a species range may hold an increased conservation value to managers due to their potential to maximize intraspecies diversity and species' adaptive capabilities in the context of rapid environmental change. The southern Appalachian Mountains are the southern extent of the geographic range of native Salvelinus fontinalis and naturalized Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo trutta in eastern North America. We predicted distributions of these peripheral, headwater wild trout populations at a fine scale to serve as a planning and management tool for resource managers to maximize resistance and resilience of these populations in the face of anthropogenic stressors. We developed correlative logistic regression models to predict occurrence of brook trout, rainbow trout, and brown trout for every interconfluence stream reach in the study area. A stream network was generated to capture a more consistent representation of headwater streams. Each of the final models had four significant metrics in common: stream order, fragmentation, precipitation, and land cover. Strahler stream order was found to be the most influential variable in two of the three final models and the second most influential variable in the other model. Greater than 70% presence accuracy was achieved for all three models. The underrepresentation of headwater streams in commonly used hydrography datasets is an important consideration that warrants close examination when forecasting headwater species distributions and range estimates. Additionally, it appears that a relative watershed position metric (e.g., stream order) is an important surrogate variable (even when elevation is included) for biotic interactions across the landscape in areas where headwater species distributions are influenced by topographical gradients.
Surviving congestion in geo-distributed storage systems

We present Vivace, a key-value storage system for web applications that span many geographically-distributed sites. Vivace provides strong consistency and replicates data across sites for access locality and disaster tolerance. Vivace is designed to cope well with network congestion across sites, which occurs because the bandwidth across sites is smaller than within sites. To deal with congestion, Vivace relies on two novel algorithms that prioritize a small amount of critical data to avoid delays due to congestion. We evaluate Vivace to show its feasibility and effectiveness.
In Situ Neutral Detergent Insoluble Nitrogen as a Method for Measuring Forage Protein Degradability

A method of estimating the un- degraded intake protein (UIP) concentration of forages was developed and validated with a series of in situ experiments. The hypothesis was that UIP calculated from in situ neutral detergent insoluble N (NDIN) is equal to total in situ N minus the microbial N that is estimated from purines (MN). The in situ disappearance rates of total in situ N (TN), MN, and NDIN were measured for six hay samples and two range masticate samples. Hypothetical rates of passage ( 2 or 5%/h) were used to calculate UIP (% of DM) for each N pool. Estimates of UIP from TN were higher ( P = .0001) than those from either MN or NDIN, and MN estimates of UIP were similar ( P = .48) to NDIN estimates. A low-N fiber source (solka floc) was incubated in situ for 8 h. Analysis of the residue detected purines before, but not after, neutral detergent extraction. Several in situ incubation (i.e., Dacron bag size and number of Dacron bags in a mesh bag) and neutral detergent extraction conditions were tested. None of the factors tested affected in situ NDIN disappearance ( P > .05). The hypothesis that NDIN is completely digestible in the rumen was tested. Estimates of the extent of NDIN digestion were made using 96-h in situ incubations, and UIP was recalculated for the test samples. Mean in situ UIP concentration decreased upon recalculation ( P = .05). In situ NDIN provides estimates of forage UIP that are equal to estimates from MN. Forage UIP esti- mates are less when extent of N degradation is estimated and included in the calculation.
The semiology of documents

The author describes: (1) how desktop publishing requires documents to be designed; (2) how elements in documents communicate identity, unity, sequence, hierarchy, similarities and differences, and conventional meaning through visual characteristics like surrounding white space, size of font or element, value, placement, and orientation; (3) how information processing, graphic characteristics, and reading styles interact during reading to produce a visual hierarchy of document elements, and (4) how to use this information with desktop publishing to design efficient documents. >
Bone Mineral Density in Hispanic Women: A Review of the Literature with Implications for Promoting Culturally Relevant Osteoporosis Education

Osteoporosis is a disease that primarily affects postmenopausal women of all ethnicities. Demographic projections indicate that the number of Hispanics over age 65 in the U.S. will increase from 2.9 million currently, to 17.5 million in 2050. A majority will be women. Recent research has increased understanding about biocultural correlates of osteoporosis in Hispanic women, and indicates that their risk for the disease is about equal to that of non-Hispanic White (NHW) women. Although Hispanics living in the U.S. share many biological and cultural characteristics with the general population, there are important differences in disease pre-disposition and associated morbidity that present challenges to osteoporosis prevention efforts. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of selected bone density studies that have included Hispanic women, to summarize the findings, and to discuss implications of these findings for osteoporosis prevention education for this population.
Modeling and system specifications for an integrated 3-D proton treatment delivery system

Beam scanning in proton radiotherapy facilities imposes stringent requirements on the accelerator and beam transport system performance. The authors report on a study of the interrelationship between the beam quality presented to the scanning system and the quality of the dose delivered to the desired target volume. The constraints on the accelerator are quantitatively specified so the clinical specifications are met. >
A Program for Improving Toddler Communication Through Parent Coaching

The purpose of this manuscript was to describe a community-based program, Language and Play Everyday (LAPE), aimed at evaluating effective practices for enhancing parents’ capacity to increase their toddlers’ communication skills. LAPE was a parent education program focused on coaching parents to embed naturalistic language-enhancing strategies within daily routines. Participants included eight families of toddlers with expressive communication delays ranging in age from 22 to 36 months. LAPE was delivered using group and individual sessions. After participating in the program, parents increased their responsivity and use of other language-enhancing behaviors. Social validity measures indicated that parents were satisfied with procedures, goals, and outcomes of the project. Moreover, children improved their expressive language skills. Implications for future research and application are discussed.
Insights into the Physical Processes Controlling Correlations Between Snow Distribution and Terrain Properties

This study investigates causes behind correlations between snow and terrain properties in a 27 km2 mountain watershed. Whereas terrain correlations reveal where snow resides, the physical processes responsible for correlations can be ambiguous. We conducted biweekly snow surveys at small transect scales to provide insight into late-season correlations at the basin scale. The evolving parameters of transect variograms reveal the interplay between differential accumulation and differential ablation that is responsible for correlations between snow and terrain properties including elevation, aspect, and canopy density. Elevation-induced differential accumulation imposes a persistent source of varariabity at the basin scale, but is not sufficient to explain the elevational distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE) on the ground. Differential ablation, with earlier and more frequent ablation at lower elevations, steepens the SWE-elevation gradient through the season. Correlations with aspect are primarily controlled by differences in solar loading. Aspect related redistribution of precipitation by wind, however, is important early in the season. Forested sites hold more snow than nonforested sites at the basin scale due to differences in ablation processes, while open areas within forested sites hold more snow than covered areas due to interception. However, as the season progresses energetic differences between open and covered areas within forested sites cause differences induced by interception to diminish. Results of this study can help determine which accumulation and ablation processes must be represented explicitly and which can be parameterized in models of snow dynamics.
Salt marshes: An important coastal sink for dissolved uranium

Abstract The global budget for marine uranium demands another geochemical sink other than deep-sea systems, and the coastal environment may host some or all of this missing sink. In a previous paper ( Sarin and Church, 1994 ), we have shown that some large subtidal estuaries are seasonal summer sinks at low salinities. In this paper, we show that intertidal salt marshes are even stronger sinks at all salinities, if for somewhat different reasons. Uranium was sampled in dissolved and particulate fractions over several tidal cycles and seasons for a lower Delaware Bay salt marsh (Canary Creek, Lewes, Delaware, USA), and uniquely, during summer months, the dissolved uranium is nonconservative. Moreover, because uranium extraction is greater on higher tides and occurs over the entire salinity gradient, this processing appears associated with surface of vegetated high marsh. We hypothesize that either (1) uranium scavenging occurs during the process of tidal mixing and attendant flocculation of humic acids and iron oxides—favoring this process is the presence of sulfonate complexes in salt marsh humic substances, and iron coprecipitation during its extensive redox cycling in the salt marsh—or (2) uranium extraction occurs at the marsh surface during extensive flooding of the salt marsh surface sediments—favoring this process is the increase in sulfuric acidity at the summer salt marsh surface that could destabilize the tetracarbonate species of U(VI). The latter option is favored by both field observations of maximum removal at the surface during the spring and summer tide conditions, and selective extraction of sediment phases where uranium is found as adsorbed and complexed forms in the ascorbate-citrate and humic acid fractions, respectively. Mass balance calculations show that under steady-state conditions, nearly two-thirds of the uranium extracted from tidal waters is retained in the sediments, while one-third is exported as U-enriched particles during ebbing tides. Independent confirmation of this balance comes from the measured accumulation rate of uranium buried at depth. This represents the net inventory buried below the geochemically reactive surface responsible for the initial extraction and redistribution of uranium onto sediment or tidally exported phases. Extrapolated globally, uranium burial in salt marshes alone or total marine wetlands including mangroves could comprise at least 10% and perhaps as much as 50% the total marine sink for uranium, or on an area specific basis, up to 50 times their marine areal extent.
Anterior Transoral Resection

Anterior transoral odontoid resection is a useful surgical treatment for ventral, midline irreducible pathology at the craniocervical junction. With modern imaging and surgical advances, transoral odontoid resection can be safely performed. Evaluation and care of the patient undergoing transoral surgery are reviewed, as are relevant anterior craniocervical anatomy, surgical indications, operative technique and complication avoidance.
VAGINAL LESION: Etiology—A Malfitting Diaphragm?

The case of a 25-year-old Hispanic woman who suffered a vaginal lesion presumably as a result of a too large diaphragm is reported. The womans family and personal history were essentially negative. Speculum examination revealed a superficially ulcerated lesion 2 cm in diameter on the left postero-lateral vaginal wall about as far posterior as the cervix. A small amount of necrotic tissue was found in the center of the lesion. It spotted on contact and was painful to touch with the cotton swab. There was no vaginal discharge; the cervix was clean and closed. The following possible diagnoses were considered: genital herpes syphilis cancer and trauma due to either the diaphragm or some other object. The patient was asked to discontinue use of the diaphragm for 2 weeks and to refrain from sexual intercourse for 1 week. AVC vaginal suppositories were prescribed twice a day for 8 days. At the follow-up examination 2 weeks later there were no further complaints of pain or discomfort. The Pap smear report was negative for cancer and viral inclusion bodies. The VDRL was drawn and was subsequently found to be negative. On examination the vaginal mucosa was found to be completely clean pink and intact and there was no further evidence of any lesion. The patient was refitted with a size 80 diaphragm and has experienced no subsequent problems. It needs to be emphasized to diaphragm users that the correct size diaphragm is also a totally comfortable diaphragm.
ANALYSIS OF HETEROGENEOUS REACTORS CONTAINING MODERATING FUEL ELEMENTS

The Feinberg-Galanin method for heterogeneous reactors is formulated by using a two-group model instead of an age kernel. This treatment is then extended to take into account secondary effects such as fast liasion and thermalization of neutrons inside a rod which may contain moderator. The use of single coefficient in a Feinberg-Galanin approach allows one to relate the source and sink strength of the fuel element to the thermal flux only. By defining a set of four coefficients it is possible to connect the strengths of thermal and fast neutron sources and sinks to both thermal and fast fluxes. A method of calculating these four coefficients α1, β1, α2 and β2 is presented. The critical fuel mass of liasion electric cell reactor is calculated by using the four coefficient method. A value of approximately 0.77 kg is obtained, compared to a critical mass of 1.3 kg estimated from two-group homogeneous theory.
Adenovirus Infection within Stromal Cells in a Pediatric Small Bowel Allograft

Adenovirus infection is not uncommon in pediatric small bowel transplant recipients. Histopathologic findings include characteristic epithelial changes of intranuclear inclusions and smudging of nu...
Systems of Nonlinear Differential Equations

The general autonomous differential equation on ℝn is $$x\prime = f(x) = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{{f}_{1}}(x)} \\ \vdots \\ {{{f}_{n}}(x)} \\ \end{array} } \right],$$ (1) where f should be thought of as a vector field on an open subset of ℝn. It describes the evolution of innumerable actual systems, and even the two- dimensional $$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {x\prime = f(x,y)} \\ {y\prime = g(x,y)} \\ \end{array}$$ (1) case has a great many applications.
Molecular epidemiology of respiratory adenovirus detection in hospitalized children in Shenzhen, China

Objective: This study aimed to understand the molecular type of respiratory adenovirus in hospitalized children in Shenzhen and the relation to clinical diagnoses. Methods: Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from 6,479 hospitalized children younger than 14 years with respiratory tract diseases in Shenzhen Children’s Hospital from December 2012 to November 2013. Nasopharyngeal swabs were routine examined by direct immunofluorescence assay to detect respiratory agents including seven respiratory viruses. Multiplex PCR of adenovirus types 3, 7, 11 and 21 in a single tube based on the sequence of the encoding gene for hexon was used to type for adenovirus positive specimens. For those strains that could not be typed by multiplex PCR, the gene fragment was amplified by a universal primer pair for all adenovirus types and the PCR products were sequenced directly. Results: A total of 1,066 of 6,479 (16.45%) specimens were positive for at least one of the seven viruses and 228 of 6,479 (3.52%) specimens were positive for adenovirus. 86.4% of children with adenovirus infection occurred less than 5 years of age and just over half of the children (54.4%) less than two years old. There was no significant difference in infection rates between males and females. AdV3 (46.3%) and AdV7 (36.3%) were the genotypes most commonly found followed by AdV1 (6.0%), AdV4 (5.0%), AdV2 (3.0%), AdV6 (1.5%), AdV5 (1.5%) and AdV3/7 (0.5%). No type 11, type 21, and other types of adenovirus were detected. Seven children had type 3 or type 7 and one had type 3/7 mixed infection in 15 severe pneumonia cases. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that respiratory adenovirus infection is an important cause of hospitalizations in children in Shenzhen, China. Types 3 and 7 were the most common followed by types 1 and 4. AdV3 and AdV7 were similarly contributed to the severe cases.
On the Role of Surface Fluxes and WISHE in Tropical Cyclone Intensification

AbstractThe authors show that the feedback between surface wind and surface enthalpy flux is an important influence on tropical cyclone evolution, even though, as with at least some classical instability mechanisms, such a feedback is not strictly necessary. When the wind speed is artificially capped in idealized numerical experiments, storm development is slowed and storms achieve a smaller final intensity. When it is capped in simulations of an actual storm (Hurricane Edouard of 2014), the quality of the simulations is strongly compromised; for example, little development occurs when the wind speed is capped at 5 m s−1, in contrast to the category-3 hurricane shown by observations and produced by the control experiment.
Observations on Two Species of Pine Cone Feeding Deathwatch Beetles in California (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)

Allen (1956) observed that Ernobius granulatus LeConte attacks first year cones of longleaf pine, Pinus palustris, in the southeastern United States where it causes serious damage to cone crops. Essig (1936) mentions that E. cupressi Van Dyke ( E. conicola Fisher) breeds in green and dry cones and dead wood of Monterey cypress, Cupressus macrocarpa. My recent studies of insects infesting the cones and seeds of pines in California, have shown that each year a small percentage of the cones of Jeffrey pine, Pinus jeffreyi, never reach maturity and cone growth has ceased early in the second year of cone development. Dissection of these“aborted”cones revealed the larvae and adults of Ernobius melanoventris Ruckes (Ruckes 1057) active and feeding in these cones.
Dynamic Simulation of a Micro-CHP Facility: A Case Study

Combined heating and power (CHP) systems are becoming increasingly popular because of their increased power reliability, thermal efficiency, and reduction of emissions. As with CHP systems, micro-CHP (micro-Cooling, Heating, and Power) system consists of power cogeneration system and thermally-activated components such as absorption chillers, water tanks, boilers, and air handling units. Although much work have been done on using steady-state models that follow load profiles to demonstrate the economic advantage of CHP systems, there has not been much work using dynamic simulation of CHP systems which include the transient response of the building along with the rest of the CHP components. This paper presents the results from the dynamic simulation of the micro-CHP system used to model the test facility at Mississippi State University (MSU) and discusses some important issues that were considered in obtaining a dynamic model. TRNSYS, a dynamic simulation program, is used as a simulation engine to evaluate the performance of the micro-CHP system with respect to transient heating, cooling, and electric power demand of the test facility. Details of the building model include geometric and material information, internal heat generation following the equipment and occupancy schedules, local weather information, and estimated infiltration of the test facility. The building model is connected to dynamic models of the power cogeneration system and thermally-activated components. In the test facility, a four-cylinder internal combustion engine with a 15-kW generator is operated to generate electric and thermal energy, and a 10-ton absorption chiller is used for space cooling.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Metal Control of the Reaction Site in Reactions of [{(η5-C5H3)2(SiMe2)2}M2(CO)4(μ-H)]+ (M = Fe, Ru, Os) with Nucleophilic Amines

Complexes [{(η5-C5H3)2(SiMe2)2}M2(CO)4(μ-H)]+BF4- (M = Fe, Ru, Os; 1a−cH+BF4-), which feature a protonated metal−metal bond, were synthesized. While the Fe and Os complexes react with nucleophilic amines (ammonia, MeNH2, Me2NH, Et3N, morpholine) to give the deprotonated complexes {(η5-C5H3)2(SiMe2)2}M2(CO)4, the Ru complex reacts with amines by undergoing attack at a CO ligand. These differences in reactivity can be understood by considering the CO ligands in the Ru complex to be more electrophilic than those in the analogous Fe and Os complexes, as indicated by the ν(CO) values. Molecular structures of 1a−cH+BF4-, as determined by X-ray diffraction studies, and [{(η5-C5H3)2(SiMe2)2}Ru2(CO)4(μ-H)]+OTf- (1bD+TfO-), as determined by a neutron diffraction study, show that the bridging hydride ligand is sterically concealed and therefore slow to undergo deprotonation upon reaction with bases.
In situ small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of palladium nanoparticle growth on tobacco mosaic virus nanotemplates.

We present an examination of palladium (Pd) nanoparticle growth on genetically modified tobacco mosaic virus (TMV1cys) nanotemplates via in situ small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Specifically, w...
4 f → 3 d Pionic Transition in Ba 138 , Ce 140 , and Ce 142

The $4f\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3d$ pionic x rays in ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{138}$, ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{140}$, and ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{142}$ have been observed in order to measure the effect of the nuclear interaction on a pion in a $3d$ atomic level. The results are used to look for differences in the pion interaction with these nuclei. Within experimental error, we could not detect an isotope shift in the ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{142}$-${\mathrm{Ce}}^{140}$ results. The nuclear isotone shift in the x-ray energy and width for ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{140}$-${\mathrm{Ba}}^{138}$ of 1.59 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.30 and 1.3 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.3 keV agrees with the values of 1.31 and 2.0 keV predicted from an optical-model calculation.
Overview of overseas humanitarian, disaster, and civic aid programs.

The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) conducts humanitarian assistance missions under the Overseas Humanitarian Disaster and Civic Aid program for the statutory purposes of training military personnel, serving the political interests of the host nation and United States, and providing humanitarian relief to foreign civilians. These purposes are undertaken via the humanitarian assistance (HA), humanitarian and civic assistance, and excess property donation programs. DoD conducts over 200 such projects annually at a direct cost of approximately 27 million dollars in fiscal year 2001. Although varying by year and command, as many as one-half of these projects involve aspects of health care. These range from short-term patient care to donation of medical supplies and equipment excess to the needs of the DoD. Despite the considerable resources invested and importance of international actions, there is presently no formal evaluation system for these HA projects. Current administrative staffing of these programs by military personnel is often by individuals with many other duties and responsibilities. As a result, humanitarian projects are often inadequately coordinated with nongovernmental organizations, private volunteer organizations, or host-nation officials. Nonmedical military personnel sometimes plan health-related projects with little or no coordination with medical experts, military or civilian. After action reports (AARs) on these humanitarian projects are often subjective, lack quantitative details, and are devoid of measures of effectiveness. AARs are sometimes inconsistently completed, and there is no central repository of information for analysis of lessons learned. (The approximate 100 AARs used in the conduct of these studies are available for official use in the Learning Resources Center, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences.) Feedback from past humanitarian projects is rare and with few exceptions; DoD-centric projects of a similar design are often repeated. Critical reviews to determine whether other kinds of projects might be more effective are rarely conducted. Recommendations for improving the effectiveness of DoD HA under Overseas Humanitarian Disaster and Civic Aid programs include: ensuring adequate staffing to meet the complex, dynamic nature of humanitarian missions and measuring the effectiveness of each project in mandatory, standardized AARs. For medical HA projects, application of public health strategies would compliment the patient care approach of the majority of medical projects to date. This offers possibilities for enhancing host nation infrastructure, allowing improvements beyond the short period of most military humanitarian projects.
ULTRASONIC DECALCIFICATION OF BONE. AN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDY.

Ultrasound passed into an acid decalcifying medium considerably accelerates the speed of decalcification of bone-tissue blocks without histological damage as compared with control specimens. All of our bone specimens, representing a variety of pathological conditions as well as normal bone, were dec
Neuraxial analgesia in a parturient with the VACTERL association undergoing labor and vaginal delivery

Abstract Introduction The term VACTERL is an acronym for an association of congenital malformations: including vertebral, anal, cardiac, tracheo-esophageal, renal and limb anomalies. VACTERL anomalies pose a formidable challenge to anesthesiologists. We describe the anesthetic management of a parturient with VACTERL association, who underwent neuraxial analgesia for labor and vaginal delivery. Case report A 23 year old primigravida at 39 weeks gestation presented in labor at 4 cm cervical dilatation, completely effaced, requesting labor analgesia. Past medical history included VACTERL association with an imperforate anus and a partial endocardial cushion defect, both repaired in early childhood. She also had significant dorso-lumbar scoliosis with an extra lumbar vertebra. An MRI performed at 14 years age revealed the above findings with no spinal cord abnormalities. With a normal neurologic exam, a combined spinal epidural technique was performed. Despite significant scoliosis, the epidural space was identified at approximately the L3–L4 interspace at a depth of 5 cm. Spinal Fentanyl 25 mcg was administered followed by continuous patient-controlled epidural analgesia. The patient experienced excellent pain relief throughout her labor, and had an uneventful vaginal delivery 5 h after epidural placement. Discussion The rarity of VACTERL association in the obstetric population with its extensive anomalies mandates a multidisciplinary approach in the prenatal period as it can pose major challenges to all health care providers, including airway, ventilatory, cardiac and neuraxial problems. This is the first reported case of a successful and safe neuraxial technique in a laboring patient with the VACTERL association with albeit limited vertebral and spinal cord anomalies.
Review: Architecture as Icon: Perception and Representation of Architecture in Byzantine Art by Slobodan Curčić and Evangelia Hadjitryphonos; with contributions by Kathleen E. McVey and Helen G. Saradi

Slobodan Curcic and Evangelia Hadjitryphonos; with contributions by Kathleen E. McVey and Helen G. Saradi. Architecture as Icon: Perception and Representation of Architecture in Byzantine Art . Princeton and New Haven: Princeton University Art Museum, distributed by Yale University Press, 2010, 376 pp., 185 color and 30 b/w illus. $60 (paper), ISBN 9780300122114 This ambitious catalogue, which accompanied the 2010 show of seventy-six art works at the Princeton University Art Museum, as the flap copy states, seeks to “challenge major assumptions long held by Western art historians and provide new ways of thinking about, looking at, and understanding Byzantine art in its broadest geographic and chronological framework, from A.D. 300 to the early nineteenth century.”1 To this end, the catalogue’s essay authors are successful in critically reassessing the place of architecture in sacred art. Each asks new questions of how audiences perceived the representations of cityscapes, domed churches, and even Roman-era bathhouses in icon painting, manuscript illumination, and sculpture made for public and private devotion. Rather than dismissing the portrayal of architecture in these contexts as “decorative wallpaper” (3), buildings as depicted in sacred art are interrogated for their critical roles in our understanding of architecture’s perception and representation in the eastern Christian tradition. In contrast to the generally negative assessment of architecture in Byzantine art by Renaissance and later Western European historians, the authors of the catalogue read architectural representations in light of Byzantium’s own aesthetic and cultural traditions. The publication provides four concise essays, followed by eighty catalogue entries grouped around the generic, specific, or symbolic representation of architecture, and the architecture of Jerusalem. Throughout the publication, Byzantine art is broadly defined as the art produced during the reign of the Byzantine Empire proper (330–1453) as well as works created from the mid-fifteenth-century conquest of the political state until the modern period. This body of material can more broadly be …
Review of glucocorticoid therapy in horses. Part 2: Clinical use of systemic glucocorticoids in horses

Summary This article is the second in a review series about the use of glucocorticoids to treat medical and musculoskeletal conditions in horses. This segment in the series summarises reported dosages, methods of administration and the efficacy of glucocorticoids for various systemic diseases in equids. The most common use of systemic glucocorticoids reported in the literature for management and treatment of alterations of the respiratory, integumentary, immune and neurological systems are included.
An ephemeral burst-buffer file system for scientific applications

Burst buffers are becoming an indispensable hardware resource on large-scale supercomputers to buffer the bursty I/O from scientific applications. However, there is a lack of software support for burst buffers to be efficiently shared by applications within a batch-submitted job and recycled across different batch jobs. In addition, burst buffers need to cope with a variety of challenging I/O patterns from data-intensive scientific applications. In this study, we have designed an ephemeral Burst Buffer File System (BurstFS) that supports scalable and efficient aggregation of I/O bandwidth from burst buffers while having the same life cycle as a batch-submitted job. BurstFS features several techniques including scalable metadata indexing, co-located I/O delegation, and server-side read clustering and pipelining. Through extensive tuning and analysis, we have validated that BurstFS has accomplished our design objectives, with linear scalability in terms of aggregated I/O bandwidth for parallel writes and reads.
Assuring me that it is as ‘Good as New’ just makes me think about how someone else used it. Examining consumer reaction toward marketer‐provided information about secondhand goods

The current study explores consumer reaction to marketer-provided information regarding secondhand products. Contamination fears and repugnance have not been addressed at length in consumer research. This study seeks to understand why consumers react negatively to used goods from a perspective of the Accessibility and Diagnosticity of information, addressing the issue of consumer reaction elicited by information about contamination of those goods by others. Specifically, it looks at the process of information processing in consumer reaction to marketer-provided information, assuring them that secondhand goods are as good as new. Two studies were done to determine the difference in consumer reaction to information about a pair of pants between three conditions: used pants, used pants with assurance that they are as good as new and new pants. Results find that consumers may react negatively to positive marketer-provided information, even if they believe it. Even though marketer-provided information can persuade consumers to believe that a secondhand product is as good as new, consumer reaction is more negative than if consumers saw no such information. Negative emotions revolving around perceived contamination are elicited by this information that influences consumer reaction seemingly independent of beliefs about used goods. These results have implications for understanding the impact of information processing on consumer reaction to secondhand goods and to marketing communications in general. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
O trabalho de citação no conto de Caio Fernando Abreu

Resumo: Neste artigo, propomos uma analise de narrativas curtas de Caio Fernando Abreu publicadas no livro O ovo apunhalado a luz da concepcao de intertextualidade materializada no trabalho de citacao, tal como teoriza Compagnon, com o objetivo de compreender uma das facetas do processocriativo do contista, a absorcao de textos para a construcao narrativa, e de investigar o significado das apropriacoes textuais na composicao narrativa doautor. Palavras-chave: intertextualidade, citacao, conto, Caio Fernando Abreu. ______________________Abstract: In this paper, we propose an analysis of short stories by Caio Fernando Abreu published in O ovo apunhalado in the light of intertextuality design materialized work of citation as theorizes Compagnon, in order to understand one of the facets of the creative storyteller process, the absorption of texts for the narrative construction, and to investigate the meaning of textual appropriation in the narrative composition of the author. Keywords: intertextuality, citation, short story, Caio Fernando Abreu.
An Algorithm for Computation of Delay Times in Subsonic and Supersonic Rotary Propeller Flow

This paper deals with the issue of accurately computing the delay times that appear in the blade fixed Green’s Function for rotary propeller flow. This delay corresponds to the roots of a certain transcendental equation.
The Effects of Nitrogen Source on Nutritive Value of Irrigated Silage Corn

Nitrogen is considered one of the most important nutrients affecting yield and quality of maize forage ( Zea mays L.). A two-year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of broiler litter and mineral fertilizer on dry matter production and silage quality of corn. The applied treatments were: unfertilized (control), 100, 200 and 300 kg ha -1 in the form of urea fertilizer (217, 434, and 651 kg urea ha -1 , respectively) and 100, 200 and 300 kg ha -1 in the form of broiler litter (7142, 14284, and 21426 kg broiler litter ha -1 , respectively). The present findings showed that Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations in forage corn were not affected by urea application; however, broiler litter application significantly increased Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations of corn stover in a linear trend. The broiler litter and urea fertilizer significantly increased both dry matter and protein content of forage corn but no significant differences on those components were obtained between broiler litter and urea fertilizer at each N application rate. The results suggested that N applied to forage corn by broiler litter, at the recommended rate for inorganic N fertilization, is almost more effective in terms of forage nutritive value response than urea fertilizer. The profitability of forage corn production could be enhanced by replacing chemical fertilizers with broiler litter.