cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poster 18: Influence of Temporal Targets and Object Weight on Smoothness of Forearm and Wrist Motion in Focal Dystonia: A Case Study

on movement and cognitive functions in the early period of acute disturbance of cerebral blood flow. Design: Not provided. Setting: Not provided. Participants: Patients with acute stroke who had stable neurologic symptomatology and relative stability in hemodynamic indices. In the main group (n 387) with ischemic stroke, rehabilitation started at 1 to 2 days; with hemorrhagic, at 2 to 4 days. In the control group (n 350), at 5 to 7 days and at 7 to 10 days in accordance. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: The diagnostic standard was neurologic examination: neurovisual methods (eg, computed tomography [CT], CT angiography, duplex vessels scan); neurofunctional methods (eg, transcranial magnetic stimulation, evoked potentials of brain of different modalities, electroneuromiography, electroencephalography, stabilometry); neuropsychologic observation (qualification of the defect, revelation of the syndrome of the disturbed psychic functions and emotional-motivation sphere); and assessment scales (eg, Lindmark Scale, Ashworth Scale, Rankin Scale, FIM instrument, social activity, individual typologic questioner). The program to influence proprioception and cognitive disorders included the following: gymnastics (breathing, passive, passive and active); prime stages of verticalization; laser therapy of the neck vertebrae and sinocarotid zone (80Hz, at 4 5W, at 6 points per minute); Bemer therapy (basic 8-minute program 3 locally on the collar zone – 12-min program P2); correction of swallowing disorders (Vocastim-electrostimulation from 0.4 15mA; impulse duration, up to 1000mc; length of treatment, 7 20min); selective vibrostimulation of feet in the regime of cyclogram of walking, vibrostimulation 64Hz for 5min; 128Hz for 7min; 60 80 steps/min; programmed electrostimulation (low frequency current, up to 100mA; duration, up to 15min); and helio-oxygen inhalations (70% of helium temperatures up to 80°C; duration, 15min 2 times a day). Results: When we compared disability 6 months poststroke (Rankin Scale), the results of the treatment group were better than those of the main group. Conclusions: Early treatment of proprioception and cognitive disorders allows for greater restoration of disturbed neurologic functions, normalized social status, improved adaptation to changed circumstances, and improved quality of life.
Ecosystem Structure Emerges as a Strong Determinant of Food-Chain Length in Linked Stream–Riparian Ecosystems

Environmental determinants of fluvial food-chain length (FCL) remain unresolved, with predominant hypotheses pointing to productivity, disturbance, and/or ecosystem size. However, drainage configuration (for example, drainage density, and stream length)—in spite of recent advances demonstrating the significance of catchment structure to habitat and biodiversity of fluvial systems—has yet to be explored in relation to FCL. In this study, we quantified the relative influences of ecosystem size and structure on FCL for linked stream‐riparian food webs. At 19 stream reaches distributed within three mountain catchments of northern Idaho, USA, we sampled aquatic and riparian consumers and determined FCL using the naturally abundant stable isotopes 13 Ca nd 15 N. Food-chain length was approach. Model selection was followed by exploratory linear regression of FCL with purported mechanistic factors (that is, resource availability and disturbance regime). FCL ranged from 2.6 to 4.4 across study reaches and was best explained by catchment structure such as number of tributary junctions and distance to nearest downstream confluence. Regression analyses suggested that disturbance regime may mechanistically link number of tributary junctions and FCL, as well as drainage area and FCL. Our results introduce novel evidence that ecosystem structure may integrate the effects of several mechanistic factors and thus be an important predictor of food-web structure.
Book Review: The Silvering Screen: Old Age and Disability in Cinema

Author : Sally Chivers Reviewer : Amanda T. McLaughlin Publisher: Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011 Paper : ISBN: 978-0-8020-1104-7 Cost: $24.95 from the publisher, 240 pages
Sedation in the Intensive Care Unit: Challenges, Outcomes, and Future Strategies

On a daily basis, infants and children in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) require sedation and analgesia during painful and invasive procedures. Regardless of the patient’s age, underlying medical condition or comorbidities, admission to and subsequent care in the PICU can be a frightening and painful experience. As in other locations, procedures may be brief (burn dressing changes, placement of central venous or arterial cannulae), and require only a short period of analgesia, anxiolysis, or immobility. However, the PICU is often different from other locations, as the need for procedural sedation may last days or even weeks as children may require prolonged sedation to overcome the pain and anxiety associated with the presence of an endotracheal tube (ETT) and the requirement for ongoing mechanical ventilation. The pain and anxiety may be further magnified by various psychological factors including periodic separation from parents, disruption of the day–night cycle, unfamiliar people, the noise of imposing machines and monitoring devices, fear of death, and loss of self-control can lead to emotional distress, anxiety, and sleeplessness. In a recent prospective cohort study of adult patients, Mendelsohn et al. reported that 26.3% of their cohort remembered mechanical ventilation and approximately 25% would have chosen not to receive mechanical ventilation had it been any more painful [1].
The Prosecute/Extradite Dilemma: Concurrent Criminal Jurisdiction and Global Governance

In an increasingly mobile and interconnected world, national criminal laws interact transnationally through choices between extradition and prosecution in individual cases. The prosecute/extradite dilemma is a critical site of global governance – a decentralized site of interaction between national criminal laws that shapes how national and international interests are articulated and mediated. While criminal laws reflect a state’s fundamental norms, effective global governance requires a normative assessment of when a state should – and more crucially, when it should not – seek to further those norms when multiple countries have a basis for applying their criminal laws to particular conduct. This paper offers a conceptual framework for such an assessment, with particular emphasis on extraterritorial application of U.S. criminal laws.
Cooling Rate Dependent Ellipsometry Measurements to Determine the Dynamics of Thin Glassy Films

This report aims to fully describe the experimental technique of using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg (CR-Tg) experiments. These measurements are simple high-throughput characterization experiments, which can determine the glass transition temperature (Tg), average dynamics, fragility and the expansion coefficient of the super-cooled liquid and glassy states for a variety of glassy materials. This technique allows for these parameters to be measured in a single experiment, while other methods must combine a variety of different techniques to investigate all of these properties. Measurements of dynamics close to Tg are particularly challenging. The advantage of cooling rate dependent Tg measurements over other methods which directly probe bulk and surface relaxation dynamics is that they are relatively quick and simple experiments, which do not utilize fluorophores or other complicated experimental techniques. Furthermore, this technique probes the average dynamics of technologically relevant thin films in temperature and relaxation time (τα) regimes relevant to the glass transition (τα > 100 sec). The limitation to using ellipsometry for cooling rate dependent Tg experiments is that it cannot probe relaxation times relevant to measurements of viscosity (τα << 1 sec). Other cooling rate dependent Tg measurement techniques, however, can extend the CR-Tg method to faster relaxation times. Furthermore, this technique can be used for any glassy system so long as the integrity of the film remains throughout the experiment.
Developing guidelines for working with antineoplastic drugs

The potentially hazardous properties of antineoplastic drugs and problems associated with the admixture and administration of injectable antineoplastics are reviewed. The mutagenicity of anticancer drugs, carcinogenicity testing in animals, carcinogenicity of antineoplastic agents in humans, and federal regulation of carcinogens are discussed. Concern in the literature regarding the handling of antineoplastic drugs in reviewed briefly, and guidelines for proper handling are suggested. Local hospital guidelines on the handling of antineoplastic drug products should be designed to protect health-care workers from unnecessary exposure to potential carcinogens.
Behavioral and Self-report Measures Influencing Children's Reported Attachment to Their Dog.

ABSTRACTDespite the prevalence of dogs as family pets and increased scientific interest in canine behavior, few studies have investigated charac- teristics of the child or dog that influence the child–dog relationship. In the present study, we explored how behavioral and some self-report measures influence a child's reported attachment to their dog, as assessed by the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale (LAPS). We tested specifically whether children (n = 99; mean age = 10.25 years, SD = 1.31) reported stronger attachment to dogs that were perceived as being more supportive (mea- sured by a modified version of the Network of Relationships Inventory), that were more successful in following the child's pointing gesture in a standard two-object choice test, or that solicited more petting in a sociability assess- ment. In addition, we assessed whether children's attachment security to their parent and being responsible for the care of their dog influenced re- ported attachment to the dog. Overall, perceived su...
Two kindred with x-linked recessive tuberculous mycobacterial disease: towards a genetic theory of infectious diseases

The observation that only a small fraction of individuals infected by infectious agents develop clinical disease raises fundamental questions about the actual pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Epidemiological and experimental evidence is accumulating to suggest that human genetics plays a major role in this process. Although many studies have provided proof-of-principle that infectious diseases may result from various types of inborn errors of immunity, the genetic determinism of most infectious diseases in most patients remains unclear. It is commonly thought that rare patients with multiple infections display Mendelian primary immunodeficiencies, whereas common infections in otherwise healthy patients reflect polygenic predisposition. However, patients cannot be ascribed to such discrete binary categories (rare v. common, multi-infected v. otherwise healthy), and we have previously documented various Mendelian traits predisposing to a single type of infection. For human genetics to establish a new paradigm, the genetic architecture of infectious diseases should be deciphered. Our laboratory tests the hypothesis that life-threatening diseases of childhood, typically in the course of primary infection, each result from a collection of highly diverse but immunologically related single-gene variations; whereas the corresponding infections in adults, typically caused by secondary infection or reactivation of latent infection, reflect a more complex predisposition. The genetic theory of infectious diseases has important clinical implications, paving the way to novel treatment, aimed at restoring the patients’ immunity to specific pathogens. The immunological implications are equally important, as studies of experiments of nature define the function of host defence genes in natura, i.e., in the setting of a natural ecosystem governed by natural selection. We will illustrate our endeavors in the field of human genetics of infectious diseases by relating the clinical investigation of patients from two unrelated kindreds with X-linked recessive susceptibility to tuberculous mycobacterial diseases.
The Value of a Chairside Dental Assistant

This paper presents a new approach for quantitating the value of a chairside dental assistant in dental practice. Operational variables were controlled through physical simulations of operations using head manikins and artificial teeth. Analyses were based upon both time and effort savings. A specially designed dental operation flow chart aided in the recording and analysis of movements and their complexities. Twenty four, four-handed dentistry operations and six solo-dentistry operations were performed using a variety of dental operatory configurations. The results indicated that the introduction of a chairside dental assistant saves 23% of the total time of a high frequency operation in dentistry. Savings in dentist's effort by delegating complex movements to the assistant was of greater interest especially under certain operatory configurations.
Unsteady Urban Airflows and Their Impact on Small Unmanned Air System Operations

Existing Unmanned Air System (UAS) platforms currently do not lend themselves well to autonomous operation within complex, highly-variable aerodynamic environments. As such, there is a strong need for accurate, high-fidelity urban air flow models to help reduce risk of failure of urban UAS surveillance and engagement missions. Although urban aerodynamics are exceptionally complicated because of complex interactions between geometry, physical conditions, and varying meteorology, research-caliber Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models exist that capture these interactions effectively. Using sufficient resolution, these Large Eddy Simulation models provide a viable means to characterize urban environments when wind tunnel testing and field trials are too expensive and/or impossible. We have successfully integrated these extant CFD models and their real-time effects on embedded UAS within a synthetic modeling environment. By further incorporating urban terrain, UAS aerodynamic data, and a UAS vehicle dynamics model, a real-time physicsbased simulation tool has been created for the study of vehicle-environment interactions. This paper will discuss how this tool could revolutionize our understanding of these interactions in urban environments, giving unprecedented capability and flexibility to UAS designers, acquisition agents, mission planners, and operators.
Probing Intramolecular versus Intermolecular CO2 Adsorption on Amine-Grafted SBA-15

A mesoporous silica SBA-15 is modified with an array of amine-containing organosilanes including (i) propylamine, SiCH2CH2CH2NH2 (MONO), (ii) propylethylenediamine, SiCH2CH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2 (DI), (iii) propyldiethylenetriamine, SiCH2CH2CH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2CH2NH2 (TRI), and (iv) propyltriethylenetetramine, SiCH2CH2CH2NHCH2CH2N(CH2CH2NH2)2 (TREN) and the low loading silane adsorbents (∼0.45 mmol silane/g) are evaluated for their CO2 adsorption properties, with a focus on gaining insight into the propensity for intramolecular vs intermolecular CO2 adsorption. Adsorption isotherms at low CO2 coverages are measured while simultaneously recording the heat evolved via a Tian-Calvet calorimeter. The results are compared on a silane molecule efficiency basis (mol CO2 adsorbed/mol silane) to assess the potential for intramolecular CO2 adsorption, employing two amine groups in a single silane molecule. As the number of amines in the silane molecule increases (MONO < DI < TREN ∼ TRI), the silane molecule efficiency is enha...
Justice For All? Children’s Moral Reasoning about the Welfare and Rights of Endangered Species

ABSTRACTThis study reports children’s developing moral concerns for endangered animals. Three questions were addressed: 1) Do children conceive of not harming an endangered animal as a moral obligation? 2) Do children use biocentric (nature-centered) moral reasoning? and 3) Does a developmental shift in biocentrism occur between the ages of 7and 10-years-old? Fifty-two urban children (gender balanced and evenly divided between two ages groups: 7 and 10-year-olds) from the Pacific Northwest were interviewed regarding their understanding of, and beliefs and values about, endangered animals, their moral obligatory concerns, and their conceptions of animal rights. Many questions focused on a single species—the gray wolf— as it presents a canonical example of a local, familiar, charismatic endangered animal. The semi-structured interview methodology and the coding procedures followed well-established methods in social-cognitive psychology. Results were that the 7 and 10-year-olds valued endangered animals, ext...
Isolation of proteoglycans from tendon.

Proteoglycans make up less than 1% of the dry weight of a dense connective tissue such as tendon (1). Most of this proteoglycan is a small molecule called decorin. Because decorin has only one glycosaminoglycan chain, it cannot be separated from other proteins by the CsCl density-gradient centrifugation method that was originally used to purify aggrecan from cartilage. The basic approach described in this chapter is to extract proteoglycans from the tissue with 4 M guanidine, a solution that will denature collagen and disrupt most kinds of noncovalent molecular interactions. The cross-linked collagen of adult tendon remains insoluble during this extraction, allowing the proteoglycans and other soluble proteins to be separated from the bulk of the tissue by centrifugation. Proteoglycans are then separated from other extracted proteins by ion-exchange chromatography, taking advantage of the anionic nature of the glycosaminoglycan chain. This method has been used to quantitate and isolate proteoglycans from the tensile (proximal) and compressed (distal) regions of bovine deep flexor tendon. These mechanically distinct regions of flexor tendon are characterized by differences in proteoglycan amount and type (2). The method is equally applicable to isolation of proteoglycans from human tendon or from other dense connective tissues (3). Once isolated, the large proteoglycans can be separated from smaller ones by sieve chromatography. These isolated proteoglycans and their unique core proteins and glycosaminoglycan chains are of sufficient purity to then be examined by specific analytical techniques or used in functional assays.
Approaches for Derivation and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Detailed Procedures and Alternatives

Success of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) derivation strongly relies on mastering different techniques and close attention to detail. We describe several techniques and approaches which have allowed us to derive over 30 hESC lines; including derivation under feeder-free conditions and from a single blastomere. The chapter provides advice and protocols for different aspects of hESC culture, including laboratory setup, quality of reagents, early derivation steps, adaptation to trypsin, freezing-thawing with high yield of surviving cells, etc.
Embracing an "African Ethos" to facilitate African immigrants participation in medical genetics and genomics research.

Abstract Background Limited published research exists on perceptions and potentials for black African immigrants' participation in medical genetics and genomics research. Purpose This study explores the inclination and disinclination of African immigrants to be involved in genetics and genomics research. Methods In-depth qualitative interviews were employed in which a sample of black African immigrants 18 years and older (n = 34) were interviewed. Discussion Barriers included contrary beliefs and customs about disease and the human body that differs from Western conceptions, and lack of genuine connection to the health care system. Facilitators included promotion of an “African ethos,” wherein Africans unite with one another in a communal extension of self and robust community involvement across the life span of genetic studies. Conclusion It is important for researchers and genetic counselors to understand the sociocultural underpinnings of African immigrants about genetics and genomics research as an initial step to encouraging their participation.
Effect of carbon nanofiber z-threads on mode-I delamination toughness of carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminates

Abstract Delamination is a major drawback of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs). Studies have reported that carbon nanofibers (CNFs) can improve the delamination toughness of various FRPs. However, lack of CNF alignment control caused substantial uncertainty in the improvements. In this study, a novel CNFs z-threaded CFRP (ZT-CFRP), which utilized z-aligned CNFs as long-range reinforcement threading through the packed carbon fiber bed, was manufactured. The mode-I delamination toughness (G IC ) of the ZT-CFRPs was tested against both control CFRPs and unaligned CNF-modified CFRPs (UA-CFRPs). Through statistical comparison against control CFRPs, UA-CFRPs exhibited a relative change in mean G IC and coefficient of variation of +13.99% and +116.35%, respectively, whereas the ZT-CFRPs of equivalent CNF concentration exhibited a relative change in mean G IC and coefficient of variation of +28.93% and −12.33%, respectively. Accordingly, the CNF z-threads were found to play a positive role in toughening CFRPs, as supported by delamination experiments and microscopy analysis.
Process considerations of TC-NCP fine-pitch copper pillar FC bonding

In the presence of pre-applied NCP (non conductive paste) as underfill for thermo-compression (TC) bonding of fine-pitch copper pillar flip-chip (FC), careful optimization of the process parameters is needed to ensure reasonable bonding yield. Otherwise, many NCP-related failures such as NCP voiding, filler entrapment at soldering interfaces, no solder wetting on bond pads and etc., will affect the quality of the TC bonding. Satisfactory results can be obtained by operating in a narrow process window. We have investigated the effects of some major parameters and their process considerations for improving bond quality of TC-NCP bonding. These include the studies on: (i) NCP dispensing, (ii) bond tool setting such as its descending speed and initial temperature (iii) the applied compressive force profile for deforming the solder and enlarging its area for bonding, (iv) the bonding temperature profile that defines the heating and cooling rate, the peak bonding temperature, the curing temperature, the time for solder wetting and NCP curing. Proper setting for force and temperature profiles can promote solder wetting and minimize NCP voiding and filler entrapment. Other considerations affecting the solder joint integrity are: the planarization of the bond tool with respect to the bonding substrate, the bond pad design and its metallization as well as the selection of appropriate NCP with the consideration of solder wettability on the given metallization.
On the Level of Cluster Assembly Bias in SDSS

Recently, several studies have discovered a strong discrepancy between the large-scale clustering biases of two subsamples of galaxy clusters at the same halo mass, split by their average projected membership distances $R_{\mathrm{mem}}$. The level of this discrepancy significantly exceeds the maximum halo assembly bias signal predicted by LCDM. In this study, we explore whether some of the clustering bias differences could be caused by biases in $R_{\mathrm{mem}}$ due to projection effects from other systems along the line-of-sight. We thoroughly investigate the halo assembly bias of the photometrically-detected redMaPPer clusters in SDSS, by defining a new variant of the average membership distance estimator $\tilde{R}_{\mathrm{mem}}$ that is more robust against projection effects in the cluster membership identification. Using the angular mark correlation functions of clusters, we show that the large-scale bias differences when splitting by $R_{\mathrm{mem}}$ can be largely attributed to such projection effects. After splitting by $\tilde{R}_{\mathrm{mem}}$, the anomalously large signal is reduced, giving a ratio of $1.02\pm0.14$ between the two clustering biases as measured from weak lensing. Using a realistic mock cluster catalog, we predict that the bias ratio between two $\tilde{R}_{\mathrm{mem}}$-split subsamples should be $<1.10$, which is at least 60% weaker than the maximum halo assembly bias signal (1.24) when split by halo concentration. Therefore, our results demonstrate that the level of halo assembly bias exhibited by redMaPPer clusters in SDSS is consistent with the LCDM prediction. With a ten-fold increase in cluster numbers, deeper ongoing surveys will enable a more robust detection of halo assembly bias. Our findings also have important implications for how projection effects and their impact on cluster cosmology can be quantified in photometric cluster catalogs.
Referencing Patterns in Collaborative Augmented Reality

As application domains emerge, they often bring with them a variety of new interaction techniques. Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that attempts to seamlessly integrate virtual artifacts into the physical world. Though many of the interaction challenges in AR parallel those found in purely virtual environments, the inclusion of the physical world forces us consider new scenarios. This chapter will discuss some of the user interface (UI) challenges in collaborative AR environments – or those with more than one participant. For these environments to be successful, it is critical that they support referential awareness. The reader may question why this is an important item to consider when designing such systems. After all, people collaborate fairly well in the physical world through gestures, such as pointing, and through deictic references (e.g. “this one” or “those”). One might therefore believe that re-integrating the physical world back into the digital one would make referencing easier. However, consider a multi-user environment that contains hundreds of artifacts that are similar in appearance – with participants geographically separated; one can see that things become complex quickly. Or, consider how one might reference virtual objects that are embedded within physical ones, such as during augmented surgery. References may be made at arbitrary depths, such as physically to the patient’s skin or virtually to the volumetric data (e.g. a CAT scan) embedded within.
Inflammatory and Infectious Lesions of the Sinonasal Tract.

The sinonasal tract is frequently affected by nonneoplastic inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory lesions of the sinonasal tract can be divided into 3 main categories: chronic rhinosinusitis, which encompasses a heterogeneous group of entities, all of which result in mucosal inflammation with or without polyps-eosinophils; infectious diseases; and autoimmune diseases and vasculitides, which can result in midline necrosis and facial deformities. This article reviews the common inflammatory lesions of the sinonasal tract with emphasis on infectious diseases, vasculitis, iatrogenic, and diseases of unknown cause. Many of these lesions can result in midline destruction and result in facial deformity.
CoNi2Se4 as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting

CoNi2Se4 with a vacancy-ordered spinel structure shows excellent bifunctional electrocatalytic activity for water splitting in alkaline medium producing 10 mA cm−2 at a cell voltage of 1.61 V. For OER, an overpotential of 160 mV was needed for 10 mA cm−2 which is one of the lowest overpotentials reported to date.
Reference Price and Its Asymmetric Effects on Price Evaluations: The Moderating Role of Gender:

Empirical research shows that customers form price evaluations by comparing the actual price with a reference price. The relative use of an internal reference price (IRP) versus an external referen...
Rapid computation of Fourier texture descriptors

Computer vision systems based on general purpose computers often need efficient texture description algorithms. One common method is to calculate two-dimensional discrete Fourier transforms over windowed regions of the light intensity matrix. Although these methods described in the literature are based on the fast Fourier transform algorithm, the computation time is still too high to permit the description of texture for as many windows as are needed for good segmentation. When a set of transforms over a window at every position of the matrix is needed, an efficient method can be used. It saves information computed for previous windows and uses it to reduce the effort expended on the current window. For a window N × N and an image matrix M × M, the time complexity is reduced from O(N2M2logN) to O(N2M2). This complexity cannot be beaten by any nonparallel algorithm.
A Platform for Cooperative and Coordinated Control of Multiple Vehicles

The Caltech Multi-Vehicle Wireless Testbed (MVWT) is an experimental plat-form for investigating the increasingly important intersecting frontiers of reliable distributed computation, communication and control. The testbed consists of eight autonomous vehicles equipped with onboard sensing, communication and computation. The vehicles are underactuated and exhibit nonlinear second-order dynamics, key properties that capture the essence of similar real-world applications at the forefront of cooperative control.
Mechanisms of liver tumor promotion

Publisher Summary Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) are among the most common malignancies in the world with tumor incidence approaching 150 per 100,000 per year in areas, such as China. Although the incidence of liver cancer is lower in the United States, 60% of the chemicals determined by the National Toxicology Program to be carcinogens, give rise to liver tumors in rats and mice. A number of these agents appear to function through tumor promoting rather than initiating mechanisms. Consequently, to appropriately assess the risk these xenobiotic agents pose to humans, it is necessary to determine the molecular events by which liver tumor promoters enhance the formation of HCC. This chapter provides evidence that liver tumor promotion by phenobarbital (PB) and possibly other tumor promoting agents is a process of natural selection for cells resistant to the growth inhibitory environment produced by the tumor promoter. Moreover, experimental results with PB suggest that relative increases in the expression of the M6P/IGF2r, the TGFβ receptors, and TGFβ1 in normal versus initiated hepatocytes establish the growth inhibitory pressure in the liver required for promoting agents to selectively enhance the formation of liver tumors. The concept of liver tumor promotion being a process of natural selection for a resistant phenotype has now given rise to a new risk assessment model based on negative selection, which may better predict the carcinogenic risk that chemical agents pose to humans.
Health Behavior and the Human Life Cycle

Research in health behavior has shown considerable growth since the mid-1970s. During this growth, researchers and practitioners have focused primarily on health practices and interventions within age-specific groups and special “at-risk” populations. Researchers and practitioners have addressed health behaviors associated with maternal and child health (Boyd & Windsor, 1993), adolescent populations (Cowell & Montgomery, 1993), young adult and college-age populations (Gottlieb & Baker, 1986) and middle-age, and more recently, older adults in community settings (Gliden, Hendryx, Casia, & Singh, 1989) and nursing homes (Fiatarone et al., 1990). Even with this emphasis on special populations, noted Gottlieb and Green (1987), much of the research to date has concentrated primarily on younger, white, motivated, middle-class populations.
The 5-HT4 Receptor Agonist Prucalopride Stimulates Mucosal Growth and Enhances Carbohydrate Absorption in the Ileum of the Mouse.

Enteric serotonin may function as a mucosal growth factor. Previous work demonstrated increased crypt cell proliferation and intestinal mucosal surface area with potentiation of serotonin. While an indirect mechanism was postulated to explain these effects, the presence of 5-HT4 receptors on enterocytes raises the possibility of a direct action of serotonin. We hypothesized that a 5-HT4 specific agonist, prucalopride, would stimulate intestinal mucosal growth and enhance absorptive function in the murine small intestine. Adult wild-type mice were treated parenterally with prucalopride for 14 days via surgically implanted osmotic pumps. In vivo d-xylose absorption was assessed by oral gavage and serum d-xylose measurements. On day 14, glucose absorption was assessed by instilling a glucose solution into isolated segments of small intestine. The bowel was harvested and examined for morphologic parameters and crypt cell proliferation. Villus height, crypt depth, and crypt proliferation were significantly increased in the distal small bowel of prucalopride-treated mice compared with control animals. Crypt depth was also increased in the proximal and middle small intestine in treated mice. There was no difference in d-xylose absorption throughout the study period; however, glucose absorption was significantly increased in the distal small intestine of prucalopride-treated mice. Parenteral administration of the 5-HT4 receptor specific agonist, prucalopride, results in morphologic and functional changes in the murine small intestine that are most prominent in the distal small bowel. While further studies are necessary to delineate the mechanism, it is plausible that the effects are mediated by 5-HT4 receptors on enterocytes.
Using game-based training to improve students’ assessment skills and intrinsic motivation in peer assessment

Formative peer assessment is widely used in education to foster student learning. However, it is critical to provide students with assessment training before engaging them in peer assessment, as st...
Targeted Quantitative Profiling of GTP-Binding Proteins in Cancer Cells Using Isotope-Coded GTP Probes.

GTP-binding proteins play important roles in many essential biological processes, including cell signaling, trafficking, and protein synthesis. To assess quantitatively these proteins at the whole proteome level, we developed a high-throughput targeted proteomic method based on the use of isotope-coded GTP probes and multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) analysis. Targeted proteins were labeled with desthiobiotin-GTP probes, digested with trypsin, and the ensuing desthiobiotin-conjugated peptides were enriched with streptavidin beads for LC-MS/MS analysis. We also established a Skyline MRM library based on shotgun proteomic data acquired for 12 different human cell lines. The library contained 605 tryptic peptides derived from 217 GTP-binding proteins, representing approximately 60% of the annotated human GTP-binding proteome. By using this library, in conjunction with isotope-coded GTP probes and scheduled LC-MRM analysis, we investigated the differential expression of GTP-binding proteins in a pair of prim...
On the Eirobiblical: Critical Mimesis and Ironic Resistance in The Confessions of Nat Turner

The Bible (as it tends to do) supported both the justification of and resistance to American slavery as it was practiced in the antebellum era. Slaveholders and abolitionists alike “re-wrote” the Bible, attempting to bolster the legitimacy of their respective sides. Most scholarly treatments of these biblical interpretations discuss the myriad ways that agents (ranging from the nominally literate to the literary) deploy generally stable readings and reinscriptions of biblical passages as they apply to their contemporary circumstances. Enslaved Americans, however, tended to encounter the Bible orally/aurally as illiterate people, hearing it performed at second- or third-hand and assimilating its language and stories at considerable distance from the canonical “text.” Furthermore, most examples we possess of this language reside in contested documents narrated by the enslaved to problematic scribes. This essay explores how the enslaved wielded the inherent imprecision of their biblical language to articulate coherent, if ironic, biblical worldviews. Assessing the rhetorical and even semiotic distinctions between these two modes of biblical interpretation, I develop a category (“eirobiblical rhetoric”) that facilitates critical engagement with the instabilities that result from such rhetoric as it engages particularly with the political and social exigencies of a religiously ordered (and “justified”) system of chattel slavery. A series of close readings in the 1831 document The Confessions of Nat Turner, an exemplary text of eirobiblical rhetoric, allow for the critical application of this new rhetorical category in a way that offers an unprecedented and liberating interpretation of a troublesome and disputed text.
Investigating Graduate Education and Undergraduate Research Intentions of College Science Students

The current study examined predictors of undergraduate science students’ intentions to attend graduate school and participate in undergraduate research. We used social cognitive career theory to te...
PREVALENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF BRADY-ARRHYTHMIAS DETECTED BY EXTENDED HEART RHYTHM RECORDING AMONG PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS BEFORE UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT (BRADY-TAVR STUDY)

Atrioventricular conduction disturbances are common after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) and many patients require a permanent pacemaker (PPM). Little is known about conduction abnormalities that exist before TAVR. We aimed to assess the prevalence and significance of brady-
The Optimal Length of Stay Associated With the Lowest Readmission Risk Following Surgery.

Abstract Background Index length of stay (LOS) and readmissions are viewed as important quality measures. However, these metrics represent competing demands as an inordinate reduction in LOS may lead to unplanned readmissions. We sought to assess the optimal LOS associated with the lowest 90-d readmission rate following discharge after common surgical procedures. Materials and methods This was a retrospective study relying on Tricare claims. We identified all eligible adult patients (18-64 y) receiving a series of common surgical procedures between 2006 and 2014. We used a generalized additive model with spline regression to determine the optimal LOS associated with the lowest 90-d risk of readmission. Results Ninety-day readmission rates varied from 6.03% to 34.69%. Most procedures exhibited a logit linear relationship, with the lowest risk of readmission evident on postoperative day-1 and increasing thereafter. Among the more invasive procedures (e.g., esophagectomy and radical cystectomy), a U-shaped relationship was realized, indicating that expedited discharge would increase the potential for readmission as would any extended hospital LOS. For these procedures, the ideal index LOS appeared to be 6-7 d for radical cystectomy and 12-13 d for esophagectomy. Conclusions Our results support the practice of discharging patients as soon as clinically feasible after hip and knee arthroplasty, lumbar spine surgery, hernia repair, appendectomy, nephrectomy, and colectomy. Among esophagectomy or radical cystectomy, there is a well-defined optimal index admission period and discharge outside this window appears to be detrimental. Our results suggest that invasive procedures appear to possess a unique “signature” when it comes to optimal LOS.
Observation of the Reaction H 0 + O 8 + → H + ( O 7 + ) during Neutral-Beam Injection into ORMAK

Several lines of O viii have been investigated during the injection of hydrogen atoms at energies of 10, 15, and 30 keV into the Oak Ridge tokamak (ORMAK). The Lyman-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$, -$\ensuremath{\beta}$, and -$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ lines and the Balmer-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ line exhibit slowly increasing signals, but the intensity of the Balmer-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ line increases sharply as soon as injection begins. This prompt signal is interpreted to be the direct result of charge transfer from hydrogen to ${\mathrm{O}}^{7+}$ ions in excited states.
Upper Blepharoplasty Pearls

Complications can arise after upper blepharoplasty. Several pearls are presented in order to enhance results. Precise marking, judicious removal of tissue, and a subcuticular closure can be very helpful.
Circulating Exosomes Carrying an Immunosuppressive Cargo Interfere with Adoptive Cell Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract Introduction: Adoptive immunotherapy, including transfer of activated NK cells (aNK), is currently under active investigation for patients with refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the highly immunosuppressive microenvironment in patients with AML may create a major barrier for adoptive immunotherapy. Exosomes, virus-size (30-100 nm) membrane-bound vesicles found in all body fluids, are produced in abundance by leukemic blasts and are strongly immunosuppressive. The presence of exosomes in the plasma of relapsed/refractory AML patients could impair anti-leukemia activity of adoptively transferred aNK cells. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated ex vivo effects of exosomes isolated from plasma of AML patients on the activity of aNK cells which were used for adoptive immunotherapy in a Phase 1 clinical trial (NCT00900809) for patients with relapsed/refractory AML performed at our institution. Methods: Venous blood (20-50 mL) was obtained from patients with refractory/relapsed AML (n=7) prior to and after therapy with adoptively-transferred aNK cells. Exosomes were isolated from the patients’ plasma as well as normal controls’ (NC) plasma by size exclusion chromatography on Sepharose 2B. Exosome numbers and size (qNano), morphology (TEM) and protein levels were determined. The presence of exosome-related markers (Tsg101, CD81), myeloid cell-surface markers associated with AML (CD123, CLL-1, CD44, CD96) and of immunosuppressive proteins (CD39, CD73, PD-1/ PDL-1, Fas/FasL, TGF-β1) in exosomes was studied by Western blots. The AML plasma-derived exosomes were co-incubated with normal human NK cells or aNK cells used for therapy. Up-take of PKH26-labeled exosomes by recipient aNK cells was monitored by confocal microscopy and changes in NKG2D expression levels on aNK cells or in NK-cell cytotoxicity by multiparameter flow cytometry. Exosome-induced signaling via receptors (A2AR, TGFβR, CD95 or PD-1) on aNK cells was studied by Western blots ± inhibitors of each relevant pathway. Results: The protein levels of exosome fractions in plasma of refractory/relapsed AML patients prior to adoptive therapy with aNK cells were significantly higher (70 ± 15 μg protein/mL) than those isolated from plasma of NCs (35±2.7 μg protein/mL) (P Conclusions: Persistently elevated levels of biologically-active immunosuppressive exosomes carrying leukemia-associated antigens and various immunosuppressive proteins in plasma of patients with relapsed/refractory AML interfere with anti-leukemia activity of adoptively transferred aNK cells. Blast-derived exosomes emerge as a significant deterrent to a success of adoptive immunotherapies with activated immune cells. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Walking: An Autoethnographic Sketch

AbstractIn this autoethnographic sketch, I consider photography as a certain sort of disabled labor within the context of seeking and finding rest on a walk to work. I suggest this activity represe...
Disparity in Adiposity among Adults with Normal Body Mass Index and Waist-to-Height Ratio

Summary Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used to define obesity. However, concerns about its accuracy in predicting adiposity have been raised. The feasibility of using BMI as well as waist-height ratio (WHtR) in assessing adiposity was examined in relation to a more direct measurement of percent body fat (%BF). We analyzed the relation between dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured fat mass and BMI and WHtR using the US 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. A considerable proportion of subjects in the healthy BMI range 20–25 were found to have excess adiposity, including 33.1% of males and 51.9% of females. The use of WHtR also supports the notion of normal-weight central obesity (NWCO), which increases with age. These findings have important implications not only for clinical practice but also for many comparative studies where control subjects are usually selected based on age, sex, and BMI.
Incorporating the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process Into An Interprofessional Second Year Capstone

Abstract Objective To describe elements of an interprofessional second year capstone experience designed to incorporate each step of the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process (PPCP) and to evaluate changes in attitudes towards interprofessional collaboration. Methods Second year pharmacy students collaborated with dental students to collect information from a standardized patient (SP), assess dental and pharmacy-related problems, and develop a plan resolving the problems identified. Students documented via a SOAP note (subjective, objective, assessment, and plan) and followed up with the SP after an emergency room visit, developing a new plan for implementation. Pharmacy students followed up in the inpatient setting when the SP was preparing for discharge, collecting information from the electronic health record (EHR), assessing the patient's medical conditions, and planning for treatment. Multiple assessment methods were used including extended multiple-choice questions (eMCQs) to assess clinical reasoning skills and a rubric for SOAP note grading. Results Students performed well on the assessments especially communicating with the SP during medication history and discharge counseling and documenting their care in a SOAP note. Students stated value was added to their education through this experience. Conclusions This capstone allowed students the opportunity to practice each step of the PPCP and to collaborate as a member of an interprofessional team As the PPCP is integrated into pharmacy curricula, assessments such as this will be essential for determining practice-readiness and team-readiness of graduates.
Punishment without Process: Victim Impact Proceedings for Dead Defendants

After Jeffrey Epstein committed suicide in jail, two judges allowed his accusers to speak in court. This article argues that the proceedings were inappropriate because the criminal case ends when the defendant dies. If the conviction and appeal are not final, there is no finding of guilt, and the defendant is still presumed innocent. Allowing accusers to speak at this time violates the principle of due process and threatens to undermine faith in judges and the criminal justice system in general. While courts are at times legally required to hear from victims of crimes, they were not allowed to do so here, where the defendant was dead and there were no contested issues of law or fact that the victims input might effect. The article concludes by discussing how the #MeToo movement may have effected the judges in these two cases and cautions that social movements like this one ought not to dictate courtroom procedures that are crafted to uphold constitutional rights and principles.