cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the arrangement and the selection of turbines for wind farms subject to varying wind conditions

The development of large scale wind farms that can compete with conventional energy resources presents significant challenges to today’s wind energy industry. A powerful solution to these daunting challenges can be offered by a synergistic consideration of the key design elements (turbine selection and placement) and the variations in the natural resource. This paper significantly advances the Unrestricted Wind Farm Layout Optimization (UWFLO) method, enabling it to simultaneously optimize the placement and the selection of turbines for commercial-scale wind farms that are subject to varying wind conditions. The advanced UWFLO method avoids the following limiting traditional assumptions: (i) array/gridwise layout pattern, (ii) fixed wind condition, or unimodal and univariate distribution of wind conditions, and (iii) the specification of a fixed and uniform type of turbine to be installed in the farm. Novel modifications are made to the formulation of the inter-turbine wake interactions, which allow turbines with differing features and power characteristics to be considered in the UWFLO method. The annual energy production is estimated using the joint distribution of wind speed and direction. A recently developed Kernel Density Estimation-based model that can adequately represent multimodal wind data is employed to characterize the wind distribution. A response surface-based wind farm cost model is also developed and implemented to evaluate and favorably constrain the Cost of Energy of the designed farm. The selection of commercially available turbines introduces discrete variables into the optimization problem; this challenging problem is solved using an advanced mixed-discrete Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The effectiveness of this wind farm optimization methodology is illustrated by applying it to design a 25-turbine wind farm in N. Dakota. A remarkable improvement of 6.4% in the farm capacity factor is accomplished when the farm layout and the turbine selection are simultaneously optimized.
Omitted, Devalued, Ignored: Reevaluating the Historical Interpretation of Women in the Interior Design Profession

This paper seeks to determine whether or not current history of interior design publications are flawed by embedded gender discrimination, thus devaluing the role of women in the develop ment of the interior design profession. In order to reveal the extent to which women's achievements are marginalized, devalued or ignored, five texts that incorporate information on the history of the interior design profession will be analyzed using methods structured in feminist scholarship. According to DuBois et al. (1985), the most common methods by which an author reveals gender discrimination include (1) the omission of women from the narrative, (2) the different value assigned to women's accomplishments as a result of being viewed under masculine criteria, (3) the perpetuation of gender stereotyping, and (4) the language by which the subjects are described. The current literature on the history of the interior design profession is replete with evidence of gender discrimination. Women in the discipline of interior design are presented as being insignificant in the development of the profession. Instead, a masculine narrative of architects identifies a field dominated by women in number, but by men in perceived significance. In order to establish and understand the roots of interior design, the profession must add a feminine perspective on research. This in turn should assist interior design scholars in the development of a theoretical framework that acknowledges and disseminates the contributions of the early decorators. Otherwise, female interior design pioneers will continue to fall into anonymity.
The Effective Number of Spatial Degrees of Freedom of a Time-Varying Field

The authors systematically investigate two easily computed measures of the effective number of spatial degrees of freedom (ESDOF), or number of independently varying spatial patterns, of a time-varying field of data. The first measure is based on matching the mean and variance of the time series of the spatially integrated squared anomaly of the field to a chi-squared distribution. The second measure, which is equivalent to the first for a long time sample of normally distributed field values, is based on the partitioning of variance between the EOFs. Although these measures were proposed almost 30 years ago, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of them that may help promote their more widespread use. The authors summarize the theoretical basis of the two measures and considerations when estimating them with a limited time sample or from nonnormally distributed data. It is shown that standard statistical significance tests for the difference or correlation between two realizations of a field (e.g., a forecast and an observation) are approximately valid if the number of degrees of freedom is chosen using an appropriate combination of the two ESDOF measures. Also described is a method involving ESDOF for deciding whether two time-varying fields are significantly correlated to each other. A discussion of the parallels between ESDOF and the effective sample size of an autocorrelated time series is given, and the authors review how an appropriate measure of effective sample size can be computed for assessing the significance of correlations between two time series.
“The one who controls the diamond wears the crown! The politicization of the Kimberley Process in Zimbabwe”

Why has Zimbabwe, a state that has been notorious for an utter disregard of international agreements, spent resources to implement policies that are in compliance with the Kimberley Process diamond certification scheme? In this research I explain variation in Zimbabwean regulatory policy in response to the Kimberley Process since 2003. This article contends that this variation can be best understood by tracing the political economy of factional rivalries within the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) party. This research demonstrates that although the behavior of international regimes and private economic actors matter, in Zimbabwe it is government factions within ZANU-PF that are the main decision makers in relation to Kimberley Process regulations. This explains both why compliance with the Kimberley Process has been lower than other states in Southern Africa and why Zimbabwe has raised its level of compliance with the regulatory regime overtime.
Kernel-based low-rank feature extraction on a budget for big data streams

With nowadays big data torrent, identifying low-dimensional latent structures and extracting features from massive datasets are tasks of paramount importance. To this end, as real data generally lie on (or close to) nonlinear manifolds, kernel-based approaches are well motivated. Being nonparametric, unfortunately kernel-based feature extraction incurs complexity that grows prohibitively with the number of data. In response to this formidable challenge, the present work puts forward a low-rank, kernel-based feature extraction method, where the number of kernel functions is confined to an affordable budget. The resultant algorithm is particularly tailored for online operation, where data streams need not even be stored in memory. Tests on synthetic and real datasets demonstrate and benchmark the efficiency of the proposed method on linear classification applied to the extracted features.
Interplay between defect propagation and surface hydrogen in silicon nanowire kinking superstructures.

Semiconductor nanowire kinking superstructures, particularly those with long-range structural coherence, remain difficult to fabricate. Here, we combine high-resolution electron microscopy with operando infrared spectroscopy to show why this is the case for Si nanowires and, in doing so, reveal the interplay between defect propagation and surface chemistry during ⟨211⟩ → ⟨111⟩ and ⟨211⟩ → ⟨211⟩ kinking. Our experiments show that adsorbed hydrogen atoms are responsible for selecting ⟨211⟩-oriented growth and indicate that a twin boundary imparts structural coherence. The twin boundary, only continuous at ⟨211⟩ → ⟨211⟩ kinks, reduces the symmetry of the trijunction and limits the number of degenerate directions available to the nanowire. These findings constitute a general approach for rationally engineering kinking superstructures and also provide important insight into the role of surface chemical bonding during vapor–liquid–solid synthesis.
Process and Cost Modeling of Saturated Branched-Chain Fatty Acid Isomer Production

For decades, lubricants and hydraulic fluids were almost entirely based on petroleum. In recent years, the potential health risks of these materials as a result of their poor biodegradability have ...
Tissue engineering of skin for wound coverage

Over the past few decades, important milestones have been reached in the field of skin tissue engineering, bringing the ultimate goal of fabricating an autologous dermoepidermal skin substitute with all its cellular components and skin appendages closer to reality. Yet, scientific progress alone is not enough, clinical demands must be addressed and commercial interests need to be fulfilled. This review gives an overview of commercially available skin substitutes for skin replacement therapies and an insight into the recent development of an autologous full-thickness skin substitute that can readily be transplanted in large quantities onto the patient.
Expression and purification of codon optimized proteinase K in Pichia pastoris

[Objective] In order to improve the production of proteinase K and setup purification method.[Methods] We first optimized the codons of proteinase K gene and transfered it into Pichia pastoris(GS115) to realize secretory expression.And culture conditions including methanol concentration,temperature and p H were investigated.The purification methods,such as ammonium sulfate precipitation,affinity chromatography,were further optimized.[Results] Through the optimization of codons of proteinase K gene and cultural conditions,we obtained high-level expression of proteinase K.The results showed optimal fermentation condition was supplement of methanol 0.75%,fermentation temperature 25 °C and p H 7.0.The yield of proteinase K was 2.2 g per liter under the optimized fermentation condition.The efficient purification way is Ni-NTA affinity chromatograph after comparing with the other methods.[Conclusion] The results showed that proteinase K can be expressed at high level expression in P.pastoris and can be efficient purified with Ni-NTA affinity chromatograph.
Anachronism Intended: Gravity's Rainbow in the Sociopolitical Sixties

In Living the Revolution: The Yippies in Chicago (1969), David Lewis Stein describes a meeting on a Chicago street with notorious youth activist Jerry Rubin during a lull in the convention-week street-fighting. Stein found Rubin "unusually relaxed and friendly".
When ethical leader behavior breaks bad: How ethical leader behavior can turn abusive via ego depletion and moral licensing.

The literature to date has predominantly focused on the benefits of ethical leader behaviors for recipients (e.g., employees and teams). Adopting an actor-centric perspective, in this study we examined whether exhibiting ethical leader behaviors may come at some cost to leaders. Drawing from ego depletion and moral licensing theories, we explored the potential challenges of ethical leader behavior for actors. Across 2 studies which employed multiwave designs that tracked behaviors over consecutive days, we found that leaders' displays of ethical behavior were positively associated with increases in abusive behavior the following day. This association was mediated by increases in depletion and moral credits owing to their earlier displays of ethical behavior. These results suggest that attention is needed to balance the benefits of ethical leader behaviors for recipients against the challenges that such behaviors pose for actors, which include feelings of mental fatigue and psychological license and ultimately abusive interpersonal behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record Language: en
The Romantic Imagination

As a youth Butterfield absorbed the self-educational literature acquired by his father, as well as detective stories and ‘innumerable sentimental novels’ such as those of Alexandre Dumas. His father’s Methodism was consistent with an emotive romantic disposition. His first aspiration was to be a writer. In Herbert this came to expression in a love of Beethoven, old York and the moors.1 However, Butterfield’s secondary school was not congenial to one harbouring literary intentions. It was an institution founded by industrialists and intended for those seeking a future in manufacturing. The emphasis was on mathematics and the natural sciences, not the humanities. Contrary to this tradition, Butterfield aspired to the study of the classics, even as his headmaster urged the merits of mathematics. The turning point came when his headmaster proposed history as a compromise. The young man’s initial response was unenthusiastic and confirms that his aversion to dry-as-dust history was that of a young romantic, pre-dating his arrival at Cambridge.2 Much of Butterfield’s subsequent methodological writing was concerned with relating his basically romantic approach to the requirements of both academic history and his religious standpoint.
Professionalism and Credible Commitment

Professionals are difficult to control, but their behavior is fairly easy to predict. And that, of course, is at the heart of all this. A professional, if given total autonomy and insulated from external pressures, can be counted upon to behave in a manner characteristic of his type. That is what true professionalism is all about. This very predictability ensures business and labor that their mutual interests in stability, clarity, and expertise will be protected . – Moe (1987, 259) LAWYERS VERSUS ECONOMISTS In 1969, the United States initiated a lawsuit against IBM, charging that its dominance of the mainframe computer industry made it a monopoly. The government wanted IBM to break itself into several smaller companies. IBM hired 200 lawyers to defend against the lawsuit, which lasted for 13 years (Konrad, 2000). The Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice (DOJ), which had historically taken a strong position against monopoly, brought the government's suit. Part of the reason for the division's animosity toward monopoly was that it was an agency that was then dominated by lawyers, and their strong professional ties defined its priorities (Weaver, 1977, 1980). Acting as lawyers, they read the Clayton Antitrust Act (1913) as demanding action of this sort. But the position of the Antitrust Division regarding appropriate and inappropriate behavior began to change shortly after the suit was filed. The change was linked to a new infusion of economists into the division, who brought with them a different interpretation of the antitrust activities of government (Katzmann, 1980). They argued that monopoly as such was not necessarily a harmful structure for some industries. Economists were very critical of the case against IBM. IBM continued to make innovations in the industry; it only began to lose its edge as the industry itself changed during the 13 long years of the government lawsuit. The shift was from mainframe to personal computers, and the suit against IBM may well have contributed to its increasing inability to compete in the new world of PCs. Many economists argued (in effect) that the social control costs (e.g., IBM's legal expenses and loss of marketing edge) greatly exceeded the reduction in social disorder costs (the possible extraction of monopoly prices in the computer industry) (Djankov et al., 2003).
Dissipativity theory for nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems: Input-output and state properties

In this paper, we develop stochastic dissipativity notions for stochastic dynamical systems using basic input-output and state properties. Specifically, a stochastic version of dissipativity using both an input-output as well as a state dissipation inequality for controlled Markov diffusion processes is presented. The results are then used to derive extended Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov conditions for characterizing necessary and sufficient conditions for stochastic dissipativity of stochastic systems using two-times continuously differentiable storage functions.
Rejecting the conflict narrative: American Jewish and Muslim views on science and religion:

Sociological research on the US population’s views of science and religion has recently burgeoned, but focuses primarily on Christian fundamentalists and evangelicals. Our study advances understandings of how Americans of non-Christian faiths – namely Judaism and Islam – perceive the relationship between science and religion. We draw on in-depth interviews (N=92) conducted in Orthodox Jewish, Reform Jewish, and Sunni Muslim congregations in two major cities to elucidate how respondents’ respective traditions help them frame the relationship between science and religion. Findings demonstrate that members of these religious communities distance themselves from the pervasive conflict narrative. They rely on religious texts and historical traditions to instead articulate relationships of compatibility and independence between science and religion, while developing strategies to negotiate conflict around delimited issues. Findings push the social scientific study of religion and science beyond a specifically C...
Long non-coding RNA-mediated PTEN regulation in prostate cancer.

e16081 Background: Loss of expression of PTEN is a common event in prostate cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis. Multiple mechanisms may be associated with its loss of expression. Mounti...
Exploring the effects of social preference, economic disparity, and heterogeneous environments on segregation

It is believed that social preference, economic disparity, and heterogeneous environments are mechanisms for segregation. However, it is difficult to unravel the exact role of each mechanism in such a complex system. We introduce a versatile, simple and intuitive particle-interaction model that allows to easily examine the effect of each of these factors. It is amenable to numerical simulations, and allows for the derivation of the macroscopic equations. As the population size and number of groups with different economic status approach infinity, we derive various local and non-local system of PDEs. Through the analysis of the continuous limiting equations, we conclude that social preference is a necessary but not always sufficient mechanism for segregation. On the other hand, when combined with the environment and economic disparity, social preference does enhance segregation.
Winter Quiescence, Growth Rate, and the Release from Competition in the Temperate Scleractinian Coral Astrangia poculata (Ellis & Solander 1786)

Abstract I examined winter quiescence (dormancy), growth rate, and competition in the scleractinian coral Astrangia poculata (Northern Star-coral) at an intertidal and a subtidal site in Rhode Island. I observed the onset, duration, and cessation of quiescence from November 2013 to May 2014 and noted when coral tentacles no longer exhibited tactile responses, which I used as a proxy for quiescence. Results demonstrated that intertidal corals entered quiescence in December 2013, when air/water temperatures ranged from 0.71 °C to 5.7 °C, whereas subtidal populations entered quiescence in January when water temperatures ranged from 3.4 °C to 4.3 °C. Corals exited quiescence at similar temperatures (6.0–8.5 °C), again doing so earlier in the intertidal than subtidal populations (April and May 2014, respectively). Corals at both sites grew (added polyps) over the course of the study, but during quiescence, growth ceased in subtidal corals, and intertidal corals lost peripheral polyps. Competitive interactions ...
Non-insulin agents in the management of type 2 diabetes

Eight different classes of medication, in addition to insulin, are currently approved for treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Beneficial effects of antihyperglycemic agents appear to be mediated predominantly through their ability to lower blood glucose. Studies are currently in progress to determine whether any particular agent (or treatment strategy) has specific advantages, beyond glucose lowering, in terms of reducing cardiovascular endpoints [1, 2].
Collapsar γ-ray bursts: how the luminosity function dictates the duration distribution

Jets in long-duration $\gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs) have to drill through the collapsing star in order to break out of it and produce the $\gamma$-ray signal while the central engine is still active. If the breakout time is shorter for more powerful engines, then the jet-collapsar interaction acts as a filter of less luminous jets. We show that the observed broken power-law GRB luminosity function is a natural outcome of this process. For a theoretically motivated breakout time that scales with jet luminosity as $L^{-\chi}$ with $\chi\sim 1/3-1/2$, we show that the shape of the $\gamma$-ray duration distribution can be uniquely determined by the GRB luminosity function and matches the observed one. This analysis has also interesting implications about the supernova-central engine connection. We show that not only successful jets can deposit sufficient energy in the stellar envelope to power the GRB-associated supernovae, but also failed jets may operate in all Type Ib/c supernovae.
Race as a predictor of postoperative hospital readmission after spine surgery

Abstract Hospital readmission after surgery results in a substantial economic burden, and several recent studies have investigated the impact of race and ethnicity on hospital readmission rates, with the goal to identify hospitals and patients with high readmission risk. This single-institution, retrospective cohort study assesses the impact of race, along with other risk factors, on 30-day readmission rates following spinal surgery. This study is a single-institution retrospective cohort study with accrual from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2010. Inclusion criteria included adult patients who underwent anterior and/or posterior spinal surgery. The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of patient race and other risk factors for postoperative hospital readmission within 30 days following spine surgery. A total of 1346 patients (654 male, 692 female) were included in the study. Overall, 159 patients (11.8%) were readmitted in the 30 days following their surgery. Multivariate logistic regression found significant risk factors for 30-day readmission, including Black race (OR: 2.20, C.I. 95% (1.04, 4.64)) and total length of stay greater than 7 days (OR: 4.73, C.I. 95% (1.72, 12.98)). Cervical surgery was associated with decreased odds of readmission (OR: 0.27, C.I. 95% (0.08, 0.91)). Our study demonstrates that race and length of hospital stay influence the incidence of 30-day readmission rates after spinal surgery. Studies such as ours will aid in identifying patients with postoperative readmission risk and help elucidate the underlying factors that may be contributing to disparities in readmission after surgery.
Moral Imagination and the Business of Education

One of Patricia Werhane’s most significant contributions to the field of business ethics is her work related to Moral Imagination. Grounded in the work of others, particularly that of Mark Johnson, Werhane makes this concept directly applicable to understanding the challenges in taking an ethical approach to business and individual decision making. Werhane also suggests applying these concepts to a larger framework for how we can shift our thinking at a macro scale in ethical approaches to business. While there have been many other theorists and practitioners who have extended the work of Pat Werhane in the research of business ethics, there are myriad other fields ripe for these considerations. Here, I explore the application of moral imagination to the ‘Business of Education’: examining the theory as a natural fit for education based largely on the challenges and similarities to business ethics decision making as applied to K-12 education in the United States. Specifically, I consider moral imagination in application to the business of education in three cascading and interdependent levels: at the individual leadership development level, the larger management of education level, and at the broader policy development levels. Conclusions and future research and practice suggestions support that the lessons from case study explorations and frameworks provided throughout the work of Pat Werhane on moral imagination hold direct application for educators, promising a path towards wise, rational, non-‘pendulum shift’ focused reform.
O–O Radical Coupling: From Detailed Mechanistic Understanding to Enhanced Water Oxidation Catalysis

A deeper mechanistic understanding of the key O–O bond formation step of water oxidation by the [Ru(bda)(L)2] (bdaH2 = 2,2′-bipyridine-6,6′-dicarboxylic acid; L is a pyridine or isoquinoline derivative) family of catalysts is reached through harmonious experimental and computational studies of two series of modified catalysts with systematic variations in the axial ligands. The introduction of halogen and electron-donating substituents in [Ru(bda)(4-X-py)2] and [Ru(bda)(6-X-isq)2] (X is H, Cl, Br, and I for the pyridine series and H, F, Cl, Br, and OMe for the isoquinoline series) enhances the noncovalent interactions between the axial ligands in the transition state for the bimolecular O–O coupling, resulting in a lower activation barrier and faster catalysis. From detailed transition state calculations in combination with experimental kinetic studies, we find that the main contributor to the free energy of activation is entropy due to the highly organized transition states, which is contrary to other re...
Lumbar Interbody Fusions for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: Review of Techniques, Indications, and Outcomes

Study Design:Broad narrative review.Objectives:To review and summarize the current literature on the outcomes, techniques, and indications of lumbar interbody fusion in degenerative spondylolisthes...
NASA’s MERBoard

This chapter describes the ongoing process by which a multidisciplinary group at NASA’s Ames Research Center is designing and implementing a large interactive work surface called the MERBoard Collaborative Workspace. A MERBoard system involves several distributed, large, touch-enabled, plasma display systems with custom MERBoard software. A centralized server and database back the system. We are continually tuning MERBoard to support over two hundred scientists and engineers during the surface operations of the Mars Exploration Rover Missions. These scientists and engineers come from various disciplines and are working both in small and large groups over a span of space and time. We describe the multidisciplinary, human-centered process by which this MERBoard system is being designed, the usage patterns and social interactions that we have observed, and issues we are currently facing.
Legionella micdadei prosthetic valve endocarditis

Legionella usually causes pneumonia, but occasionally is in the differential diagnosis of “culture negative endocarditis” which sometimes involves prosthetic heart valves.Legionella prosthetic valve endocarditis is nearly always due toLegionella pneumophila and its clinical presentation is indistinguishable from other causes of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Diagnosis ofLegionella prosthetic valve endocarditis is by recovery of the organism from the blood, demonstration or isolation of the organism from the prosthetic heart valve, or by persistently highLegionella titers which are extremely elevated in prosthetic valve endocarditis compared toLegionella pneumonia. We believe this is the first case reported of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused byLegionella micdadei, and the first case ofLegionella prosthetic valve endocarditis with microscopic hematuria.
Alexa, Alert Me When the Revolution Comes: Gender, Affect, and Labor in the Age of Home-Based Artificial Intelligence

The fantasy of automation is one of liberation from alienating tasks. Today, domestic artificial intelligence (AI) enacts this dream of frictionlessly offloading monotony. This article deploys theo...
Market Responsiveness to Corporate Social Responsibility

Market reaction to surprises in earnings announcements has long been used to measure the quality of the information content of the announcement, and studies have explored various factors affecting the response. This study adds to this body of research by factoring in the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) exhibited by the firm and employs a relatively new measure of a company’s level of CSR, rankings published by JUST Capital. I hypothesize that financial information reported by higher ranked companies is weighed more heavily by investors than those reported by non-ranked or lower-ranked companies. Using earnings response coefficients as a measure of the perceived quality of the financial information reported by the firms, my results provide direct support of the hypothesis, indicating that the market reacts more strongly to earnings surprises for firms with high JUST rankings than for unranked firms or firms with lower rankings. This result contributes new insights into the impact of a firm’s CSR in terms of the perceived quality of a firm’s financial reporting.
Microinjectrode System for Combined Drug Infusion and Electrophysiology

This microinjectrode system is designed for drug infusion, electrophysiology, and delivery and retrieval of experimental probes, such as microelectrodes and nanosensors, optimized for repeated use in awake, behaving animals. The microinjectrode system can be configured for multiple purposes: (1) simple arrangement of the cannula for placement of an experimental probe that would otherwise be too fragile to penetrate the dura mater, (2) microfluidic infusion of a drug, either independently or coupled to a cannula containing an experimental probe (i.e., microelectrode, nanosensor). In this protocol we explain the step by step construction of the microinjectrode, its coupling to microfluidic components, and the protocol for use of the system in vivo. The microfluidic components of this system allow for delivery of volumes on the nanoliter scale, with minimal penetration damage. Drug infusion can be performed independently or simultaneously with experimental probes such as microelectrodes or nanosensors in an awake, behaving animal. Applications of this system range from measuring the effects of a drug on cortical electrical activity and behavior, to understanding the function of a specific region of cortex in the context of behavioral performance based on probe or nanosensor measurements. To demonstrate some of the capabilities of this system, we present an example of muscimol infusion for reversible inactivation of the frontal eye field (FEF) in rhesus macaque during a working memory task.
Peter Abrahams and the Bandung Era: Afro-Asian Routes of Connection

This paper reads Peter Abrahams’ writings on Africanness in the context of exchanges between anti-colonial thinkers in the Bandung era, spanning the period from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s. It ...
Investigating high school chemistry teachers’ assessment item generation processes for a solubility lab

Designing high school chemistry assessments is a complex and difficult task. Although prior studies about assessment have offered teachers guidelines and standards as support to generate quality assessment items, little is known about how teachers engage these supports or enact their own beliefs into practice while developing assessments. Presented in this paper are the results from analyzing discourse among five high school chemistry teachers during an assessment item generation activity, including assessment items produced throughout the activity. Results include a detailed description of the role of knowledge bases embedded within high school chemistry teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge and the processes used to enact these knowledge bases during planned formative assessment design. Implications for chemistry teacher professional development are posited in light of the findings as well as potential future investigations of high school chemistry teacher generation of assessment items.
Data Analytics and the Erosion of the Work/Non-Work Divide

Numerous statutes and common law doctrines conceive of a dividing line between work time and non-work time and delineate the activities that must be compensated as work. While technological innovations and increasing desires for workplace flexibility have begun to erode this divide, it persists, in part, because of the ways in which the division protects employers and employees alike. Nonetheless, the explosion of data analytics programs that allow employers to monitor and rely upon a worker’s off-duty conduct will soon weaken the dividing line between work and non-work in dramatically greater and more troubling ways than ever before. Examples of these advances abound. Employers have begun to rely on algorithms that harvest massive quantities of data from employees’ social media and other online profiles and use this data to screen for the most productive teams and the best workers. Employers can now use data analytics to track and predict their employees’ family planning thoughts and healthcare concerns or use facial recognition technology and sentiment analysis to forecast employees’ emotional states. The emergence of these programs allowing employers to track, predict, rely upon, and possibly control non-work activities, views, preferences, and emotions represents a major blurring of the line between work and non-work. Data Analytics and the Erosion of the Work/Non-work Divide contends that these advances in predictive analytics suggest a need to re-examine the notion of work vs. non-work time and to question whether existing protections adequately consider a world in which these lines have been so significantly muddled. As a society, we need to acknowledge the implications of the availability of massive quantities of employees’ off-duty data and to decide whether and how to regulate its use by employers. Whether we, as a society, decide to allow market forces to dictate acceptable employer behavior, choose to regulate and restrict the use of off-duty data for adverse employment decisions, or find some middle ground that requires disclosure and consent, we should be choosing a course rather than allowing the technological innovations to be the guide.
Rab27a Contributes to Cathepsin S Secretion in Lacrimal Gland Acinar Cells.

Altered lacrimal gland (LG) secretion is a feature of autoimmune dacryoadenitis in Sjogren's syndrome (SS). Cathepsin S (CTSS) is increased in tears of SS patients, which may contribute to disease. Rab3D and Rab27a/b isoforms are effectors of exocytosis in LG, but Rab27a is poorly studied. To investigate whether Rab27a mediates CTSS secretion, we utilized quantitative confocal fluorescence microscopy of LG from SS-model male NOD and control male BALB/c mice, showing that Rab27a-enriched vesicles containing CTSS were increased in NOD mouse LG. Live-cell imaging of cultured lacrimal gland acinar cells (LGAC) transduced with adenovirus encoding wild-type (WT) mCFP-Rab27a revealed carbachol-stimulated fusion and depletion of mCFP-Rab27a-enriched vesicles. LGAC transduced with dominant-negative (DN) mCFP-Rab27a exhibited significantly reduced carbachol-stimulated CTSS secretion by 0.5-fold and β-hexosaminidase by 0.3-fold, relative to stimulated LGAC transduced with WT mCFP-Rab27a. Colocalization of Rab27a and endolysosomal markers (Rab7, Lamp2) with the apical membrane was increased in both stimulated BALB/c and NOD mouse LG, but the extent of colocalization was much greater in NOD mouse LG. Following stimulation, Rab27a colocalization with endolysosomal membranes was decreased. In conclusion, Rab27a participates in CTSS secretion in LGAC though the major regulated pathway, and through a novel endolysosomal pathway that is increased in SS.
Sequential endogenous endophthalmitis, fungal keratitis, bacteremia and vertebral osteomyelitis in a person who injects drugs.

Abstract Purpose To describe multiple ocular (and non-ocular) manifestations of disease that can present in a person who injects drugs (PWID). We report a case of a patient consecutively presenting across multiple visits to an ambulatory eye care clinic as the initial point of contact for endogenous endophthalmitis, fungal keratitis, bacteremia, and psoas abscess with vertebral osteomyelitis within a matter of weeks. Observations A 51-year-old male with past medical history of alcohol use disorder and injection drug use was initially seen in an eye clinic three days after suffering vision loss in the left eye associated with floaters, photophobia, and eye pain. After initial workup and treatment for panuveitis, endogenous endophthalmitis was suspected. A pars plana vitrectomy was performed, and intravitreal medications were given. A pathogen was never isolated from vitreous samples. Two weeks later, the patient presented with complaints of pain, blurry vision, and foreign body sensation in his opposite (right) eye. Examination revealed a corneal ulcer later identified as a Paecliomyces fungal infection. Two weeks after this, he developed fever, chills, and right-sided flank pain radiating to his testicles. Following evaluation by the emergency department and subsequent hospitalization after bacteremia was noted, he was found to have a right-sided psoas abscess with lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis. Fluid was drained, cultured, and grew methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). At his last visit, his best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 OS and 20/30 OD despite central corneal scarring. It was only after hospitalization that he affirmed recent injection drug use, despite being queried about it through the course of his infections. Conclusions and importance Injection drug use is an increasingly common concern for all healthcare providers as the opioid crisis in the United States remains widespread. This case highlights multiple potential infectious processes which may impact persons who inject drugs when seen by eye care providers. It also describes difficulties in caring for people who inject drugs who may not provide critical and timely information relating to their injection drug use and/or may delay care even when faced with potentially vision- and/or life-threatening conditions.
Interpretations of Edith Stein

Having discussed Edith Stein’s interpretive practices in the preceding chapter, we come now to a consideration of how she herself has undergone interpretation. It was suggested above that Stein’s writing put into practice her distinctive theory of empathy. The authoring i, laying out a path of thinking, offers itself as the guide for readers to follow--even the vehicle for readers to ride--along that path. We saw that authoring subjectivity stands forth in Stein’s works in three contrasting modes, which were designated the anonymous, the autographic, and the autobiographic strategies of writing.
Semantic mosaic for indexing and compressing instructional videos

A new approach for content analysis and semantic compression of instructional videos is presented. Cameras often only capture a portion of a hand-drawn slide or blackboard panel that dominate this genre. We therefore have designed a novel semantic technique that retrieves the teaching content (text lines, figures, emphasis marks, etc.) visible in a frame, de-skews them and enhances their contrast, and stitches them back together into "virtual" slides that maintain the relative spatial relations of the captured fragments. Since this semantic mosaicing does not need precise pixel-wise matching, it has low computational complexity. These virtual slides maintain the useful teaching content of their real-world counterparts, and we further stitch them together to form a content summary slide to summarizes an extended video segment. By detecting content and recording its temporal development, we can then semantically compress a video into several such higher quality mosaics, and reconstruct the original instructional video by displaying the mosaics instead at the appropriate times. Our design runs in one pass and in real time. We apply the system to a 17-minute instructional video, and show the results of its semantic compression into virtual slide mosaics.
Searle, Syntax, and Observer Relativity

In his book The Rediscovery of the Mind (hereafter KM), John Searle attacks computational psychology with a number of new and boldly provocative claims.1 Specifically, in the penultimate chapter entitled 'The Critique of Cognitive Reason/ Searle targets what he calls 'cognitivism,' according to which our brains are digital computers that process a mental syntax. And Searle denies this view on grounds that the attribution of syntax is observer relative. A syntactic property is arbitrarily assigned to a physical system, he thinks, with the result that syntactic states 'do not even exist except in the eyes of the beholder' (RM, 215). This unabashed anti-realism differs significantly from Searle's earlier work. The Chinese room argument, for example, was intended to show that syntactic properties will not suffice for semantics, where the syntax was realistically construed.2 But now Searle claims that physical properties will not suffice to determine a system's syntactic properties. He puts the point in terms of what is 'intrinsic to physics':
Dialysis patient characteristics and outcomes: the complexity of social work practice with the end stage renal disease population.

SUMMARY This article describes a demonstration project designed to explore psychosocial risk and resiliency factors, social work interventions and health-related outcomes with dialysis patients. The study is unique in including an interdisciplinary research team to guide the process, using available data contained within the medical record and focusing on interventions and outcomes over time rather than at one or two points in patients' treatment histories. It demonstrates the complexity of practice with dialysis patients and the crucial role for social workers in enhancing patient outcomes. Secondary benefits of this methodology and implications for social work practice and research are discussed.
Abstract T P61: Network Profile Between Neuroprotector and Immune Responses Following Acute Stroke

INTRODUCTION: The nation’s leading cause of death and disabilities is stroke. The only FDA-approved treatment for ischemic stroke remains tissues plasminogen activator (tPA) within 3-4.5 hours after onset. Humans demonstrate early neuroprotection and immune response prevention in stroke. Neuroglobin (NGB), a promising neuroproteective agent, directly binds with toxic substances and increased the oxygen level within brain tissues after stroke. PURPOSE: To analyze the network mechanism between neuroprotective and immune responses in critical hours and to identify personalized intervention for individuals with more aggressive conditions. METHODS: This pilot study included 92 Caucasian stroke subjects (ischemia and hemorrhage), with the following inclusion criteria: 1) adults (age 18-75) diagnosed within 24-72 hours of initial symptoms of stroke; 2) CT/MRI image with clinical biomarker-cerebral ischemia/hemorrhage; 3) NIHSS and mRS data available; and 4) tPA infusion and intra-arterial therapy allowed at Memorial Hermann Hospital, Medical Center in Houston, and IRBs approved. Peripheral blood and DNA extracted samples were obtained from baseline to seven days. Neurological outcomes, NGB ELISA, Western blot, mass spectrometry (MS), immunoprecipitation, and coding sequence were collected. RESULTS: The average age of stroke was 58.9+12, with NIHSS score 0-40, and mean of admitted SBP/DBP =160/87 mmHg. Earliest Sign/Symptoms included visual (n=60), facial paresis (n=49), motor (n=59) deficiency. Forty-five subjects received tPA within 3-4.5 hours (ICH=41) with 58 had a stroke history; GCS, GOS, NIHSS, mRS, and Barthel were collected. NGB protein expression was higher in ischemic stroke than hemorrhagic stroke. Males had higher NGB protein than females. NGB single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3783988 and rs10133981) were significantly identified, and MS detected nine peptides associated with NGB. A self-defense pathway was provided. CONCLUSION: Natural protective phenomena for individuals are critical. Bridging the bench evidence and clinical practice may promote a more enhanced personalized intervention and better identify main predictors. Future direction will focus on acute network mechanism of self-defense prevention.
Comparative Physiological Studies of the Yeast and Mycelial Forms of Histoplasma capsulatum: Uptake and Incorporation of l-Leucine

l-Leucine entered the cells of both morphological forms of Histoplasma capsulatum by a permease-like system at low external concentrations of substrate. However, at levels greater than 5 × 10−5m l-leucine, the amino acid entered the cells both through a simple diffusion-like process and the permease-like system. The rate of the amino acid diffusion into yeast and mycelial forms appeared to be the same, whereas the initial rate of accumulation through the permease-like system was 5 to 10 times faster in the mycelial phase than it was in the yeast phase. The Michaelis constants were 2.2 × 10−5m in yeast phase and 2 × 10−5m in mycelial phase cells. Transport of l-leucine at an external concentration of 10−5m showed all of the characteristics of a system of active transport, which was dependent on temperature and pH. Displacement or removal of the α-amino group, or modification of the α-carboxyl group abolished amino acid uptake. The process was competitively inhibited by neutral aliphatic side-chain amino acids (inhibition constants ranged from 1.5 × 10−5 to 6.2 × 10−5m). Neutral aromatic side-chain amino acids and the d-isomers of leucine and valine did not inhibit l-leucine uptake. These data were interpreted to mean that the l-leucine transport system is stereospecific and is highly specific for neutral aliphatic side-chain amino acids. Incorporation of l-leucine into macromolecules occurred at almost the same rate in both morphological forms of the fungus. The mycelial phase but not the yeast phase showed a slight initial lag in incorporation. In both morphological forms the intracellular pool of l-leucine was of limited capacity, and the total uptake of the amino acid was a function of intracellular pool size. The initial rate of l-leucine uptake was independent of the level of intracellular pool. Both morphological forms deaminated and degraded only a minor fraction of the accumulated leucine.
Ultrastructural effects of intravascularly injected polyethylene glycol-hemoglobin in intestinal mucosa.

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated Hb (PEG-Hb) is being considered as a blood substitute. Previously, we showed that PEG-Hb extravasates rapidly from the intestinal mucosa and causes transient ep...
Dual effect of fluoride on phosphoinositide metabolism in rat brain cortex. Stimulation of phospholipase C and inhibition of polyphosphoinositide synthesis.

Abstract We have studied the effects of fluoride, guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]) and carbachol on phospholipase C and polyphosphoinositide synthesis. The experimental system consisted of membranes from rat brain cortex, with exogenous [3H]phosphatidylinositol ([3H]PtdIns) as substrate. In such systems, we have not found evidence to support carbachol and/or GTP[S] stimulation of PtdIns phosphorylation. Fluoride inhibited synthesis of PtdIns4P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 from PtdIns. Consequently, under conditions where breakdown of polyphosphoinositides by phospholipase C was dependent on PtdIns kinase activity, fluoride inhibited activation by GTP[S] plus carbachol of phospholipase C. When conditions allowed direct breakdown of PtdIns and precluded PtdIns kinase activity, the stimulatory effects of fluoride and GTP[S] plus carbachol on phospholipase C activity were additive.