cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide sequence of the Rhodobacter capsulatus hemH gene

The last step in heme synthesis is the insertion of iron into the ring of protoporphyrin IX. The enzyme which catalyzes this reaction, ferrochelatase (FC), is encoded by the hemH gene. A clone containing this gene from Rhodobacter capsulatus, a purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacterium, has been sequenced. A single open reading frame was found which could encode a protein of 351 amino acids. This putative protein is very similar to other FC and contains the FC signature sequence.
Morphodynamics of the barrier-inlet system, west-central Florida

The barrier-inlet system along the Gulf Coast of peninsular Florida has one of the most diverse morphologies of any barrier system in the world. The delicate balance between tidal- and wave-generated processes on this low-energy coast permits only slight changes in either of these processes to result in significant and rapidly developing morphologic responses. Some of these responses are the result of natural phenomena such as hurricanes opening tidal inlets, closure of inlets due to longshore transport of sediment, and changes in the availability of sediment. Tidal prism is the primary factor in controlling inlet morphology and is greatly influenced by anthropogenic activities in the backbarrier area. Human activity has also modified the coast in many ways over the past several decades, beginning with the construction of the first causeways in the 1920s. The various modifications by development have resulted in important morphodynamic changes in the barrier-inlet system. These include hardening the coast on the beach and at inlets, dredging and filling in backbarrier environments, and construction of fill-type causeways connecting the islands to the mainland. Construction of seawalls and jetties has inhibited normal coastal processes. Examples include the downdrift erosion at Blind Pass and Big Sarasota Pass. Construction of fill-type causeways between the barriers and the mainland has created artificial tidal divides that reduce the tidal prism at some inlets, thereby resulting in instability or closure such as Blind Pass and Dunedin Pass. This is further exacerbated by dredge and fill construction that reduces tidal prism by reducing the area of open water in the backbarrier. Dredging of the Intracoastal Waterway also results in a negative impact on selected inlets by channeling tidal flux away from some inlets. Impacts of these changes inhibit the barrier/inlet environments from responding to open coast processes.
Accelerated growth in short children with chronic renal failure treated with both strict dietary therapy and recombinant growth hormone.

In a 12-month study, nine boys, aged 4.8–15.6 years, with bone ages 4.6–13 years, with moderate to severe chronic renal failure and resultant growth failure were treated with daily recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), in conjunction with a strict low-protein/low-phosphate diet supplemented with keto and amino forms of the essential amino acids, histidine and additional energy. Improved growth had previously been observed with this dietary management over that obtained with conventional treatment for chronic renal failure. Each child had been on this diet for at least 2 years before rhGH was commenced. Mean height velocity increased from 4.6±1.3 to 9.0±1.3 cm/year (P<0.001) in the pre-pubertal group, and in the pubertal group from 5.4±1.4 to 10.4±1.8 cm/year (P<0.01). The mean height velocity standard deviation scores (SDSs) increased from −1.2±0.6 to +2.3±0.9 (P<0.001) in the pre-pubertal group and from −0.4±0.6 to +1.9±1.1 (P<0.01) in the pubertal group. Mean height SDS for chronological age increased from −2.2±0.7 to −1.5±0.5 (P<0.01) in the pre-pubertal group and from −1.9±0.7 to −1.3±0.9 in the pubertal group (P<0.02). There was no significant deterioration in renal function or renal bone disease, and bone age did not advance more than chronological age over the 12-month period.
Erratum: Accurate numerical solution of the one-dimensional p-n junction in steady state

The fundamental one-dimensional transport equations, applied to a single-junction device in steady state, are solved `exactly' on a digital computer (IBM 7094/7040). The relevant internal distributions and terminal properties are obtained, without approximations, to the desired generality and accuracy. An efficient numerical alogrithm limits to approximately 1min the computation time for one set of accurate solutions.
Innervation of human hippocampus by noradrenergic systems: normal anatomy and structural abnormalities in aging and in Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract Immunocytochemical studies, using an antibody directed against human dopamine β-hydroxylase, identified an extensive plexus of noradrenergic axons/terminals in normal human hippocampus. In hippocampi of individuals with Alzheimer's disease, the density of noradrenergic innervation was reduced and abnormal noradrenergic axons, which exhibited multifocal enlargements, were present in the neuropil. Some of these neuntes were clustered around deposits of amyloid (senile plaques), and these abnormalities were most common in CA3-4, a region normally showing a relatively high density of noradrenergic terminals. This investigation provides direct evidence for structural abnormalities of noradrenergic axons/nerve terminals in hippocampi of individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
Social influence on the use of a modifiable status signal

Abstract Abstract. Recent studies have revealed that male tree lizards, Urosaurus ornatus , have two sexually dimorphic colour badges (throat colour and dorsal darkening) that function as status signals. In high-density populations, males may darken dorsally to signal dominance; this is a dynamic, modifiable badge. To ascertain the circumstances under which this showy trait is used, tree lizards were observed under varying social conditions in large (2 × 4 m) outdoor pens containing clusters of cinder blocks to simulate the natural environment. The three social conditions consisted of the following groups (nine or 10 replicates of each): three males with one female (MMMF), three males (MMM) and one male with two females (MFF). Behaviour and dorsal colour of the males in these groups were monitored every other day over a 28-day period using the scan-sampling technique. When females were present (MMMF and MFF), one male in each group exhibited dominance behaviour and darkened dorsally some of the time; in the absence of females (MMM), males infrequently exhibited dominance behaviour and dorsal darkening. In groups with multiple males (MMMF and MMM), dominant-subordinate relationships consistently arose only when a female was present (MMMF). The dominant male in each group displayed aggressively significantly more often when both other males and a female were present (MMMF). Thus, males use the dorsal badge to signal their dominant status and exhibit territorial behaviour most readily when females are available to defend.
Regulation of Endothelial Permeability by Src Kinase Signaling: Vascular leakage versus transcellular transport of drugs and macromolecules

An important function of the endothelium is to regulate the transport of liquid and solutes across the semi-permeable vascular endothelial barrier. Two cellular pathways have been identified controlling endothelial barrier function. The normally restrictive paracellular pathway, which can become “leaky” during inflammation when gaps are induced between endothelial cells at the level of adherens and tight junctional complexes, and the transcellular pathway, which transports plasma proteins the size of albumin via transcytosis in vesicle carriers originating from cell surface caveolae. During non-inflammatory conditions, caveolae-mediated transport may be the primary mechanism of vascular permeability regulation of fluid phase molecules as well as lipids, hormones, and peptides that bind avidly to albumin. Src family protein tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the upstream signaling pathways that lead to endothelial hyperpermeability through both the paracellular and transcellular pathways. Endothelial barrier dysfunction not only affects vascular homeostasis and cell metabolism, but also governs drug delivery to underlying cells and tissues. In this review of the field, we discuss the current understanding of Src signaling in regulating paracellular and transcellular endothelial permeability pathways and effects on endogenous macromolecule and drug delivery.
Exploration and development of Ceiba Field, Rio Muni Basin, Southern Equatorial Guinea

Ceiba Field, offshore Equatorial Guinea approximately 75 km southwest of the port of Bata and 275 km south of the city of Malabo, was discovered with the drilling of Ceiba-1 in September 1999. The first appraisal well, Ceiba-2, was drilled in November 1999 approximately 1.6 km southwest of Ceiba-1. Both wells were based on interpretation of 2D seismic data acquired between 1984 and 1999. Open-hole logs, cores, pressure data, and a drill stem test of Ceiba-1 (maximum flow rate of 12 400 b/d) indicated that both wells contained Cretaceous sands of very high quality, capable of high rates of oil production. Despite being between two prolific hydrocarbon provinces—Niger delta to the north and the Gabon coastal basin to the south (Figure 1)—Rio Muni Basin was essentially overlooked by the industry until the late 1990s. Six wells were drilled between 1968 and 1991 in the shelfal and onshore areas of the basin. These focused on Albian and Aptian aged objectives and, although they proved the presence of a viable source rock, the early wells did not result in the discovery of any oil accumulations. Figure 1. Ceiba Field is offshore Equatorial Guinea approximately 75 km southwest of the port of Bata and 275 km south of the city of Malabo. In 1997, following a review of the West African margin, Triton Energy identified a number of aspects of Rio Muni Basin that suggested an unexplored deepwater play. These included an immature oil-prone source in shelfal wells, which had the potential to be more deeply buried in the outboard part of the basin, and evidence for base of slope structuring on the margins of the shelf in the 2D data. The presence of shelfal canyons suggested that bypassed clastics could potentially be deposited in deepwater. The presence, in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin of Brazil, of …
Effect of lumbar spine manipulation on asymptomatic cyclist sprint performance and hip flexibility.

Objective The purpose of this study was to measure the impact of midlumbar spinal manipulation on asymptomatic cyclist sprint performance and hip flexibility.
Effect of the uptake of staphylococci on the ingestion of glutaral-dehyde-treated red cells attached to macrophages

Abstract Erythrocytes treated with glutaraldehyde (GRC) were attached to mouse peritoneal macrophages layered on coverglasses. The influence of the uptake of heat killed staphylococci on the ingestion of the attached GRC was examined by means of microscope counts. Both the per cent of GRC ingesting macrophages and the per cent ingestion of GRC were increased as a consequence of the uptake of bacteria. Within the population of staphylococci-incubated macrophages, those that took up staphylococci had higher measures of ingestion than those that did not ingest the bacteria. Similar results were obtained when the incubation with the bacteria preceded the attachment and ingestion of GRC. Thus, the uptake of one kind of particle activated macrophages for the ingestion of another. An increased proportion of macrophages ingesting GRC rather than a more efficient uptake of individual GRC-ingesting macrophages is supported by the data.
The role of photogeologic mapping in traverse planning: Lessons from DRATS 2010 activities

Abstract We produced a 1:24,000 scale photogeologic map of the Desert Research and Technology Studies (DRATS) 2010 simulated lunar mission traverse area and surrounding environments located within the northeastern part of the San Francisco Volcanic Field (SFVF), north-central Arizona. To mimic an exploratory mission, we approached the region “blindly” by rejecting prior knowledge or preconceived notions of the regional geologic setting and focused instead only on image and topographic base maps that were intended to be equivalent to pre-cursor mission “orbital returns”. We used photogeologic mapping techniques equivalent to those employed during the construction of modern planetary geologic maps. Based on image and topographic base maps, we identified 4 surficial units (talus, channel, dissected, and plains units), 5 volcanic units (older cone, younger cone, older flow, younger flow, and block field units), and 5 basement units (grey-toned mottled, red-toned platy, red-toned layered, light-toned slabby, and light-toned layered units). Comparison of our remote-based map units with published field-based map units indicates that the two techniques yield pervasively similar results of contrasting detail, with higher accuracies linked to remote-based units that have high topographic relief and tonal contrast relative to adjacent units. We list key scientific questions that remained after photogeologic mapping and prior to DRATS activities and identify 13 specific observations that the crew and science team would need to make in order to address those questions and refine the interpreted geologic context. We translated potential observations into 62 recommended sites for visitation and observation during the mission traverse. The production and use of a mission-specific photogeologic map for DRATS 2010 activities resulted in strategic and tactical recommendations regarding observational context and hypothesis tracking over the course of an exploratory mission.
Calcification in vitro of human aortic tissue.

CALCIFICATION in vitro of excised rat and rabbit aorta has been described previously1–5, but no comparable studies have been reported for the in vitro calcification of human aortic tissue. This communication reports the in vitro calcification of human aortic tissue using a procedure which measures the simultaneous deposition of calcium-45 and phosphorus-32. The mineral formed in the tissue was identified by X-ray diffraction analysis as hydroxy-apatite.
Looking at levels of medicalization: a comment on Strong's critique of the thesis of medical imperialism.

Abstract-In a recent issue of this journal, P. M. Strong presented a critique of the thesis of medical imperialism. We find his conceptualization of medical “imperialism” problematic and his view of medicalization unnecessarily narrow. Medicalization occurs not only on the level of doctor-patient interactions, but on conceptual and institutional levels as well. Strong's critique is marred by an irrelevant and unconvincing argument positing a thesis of sociological imperialism. While we concur with some of Strong's points, we challenge others in an attempt to clarify some of the misunderstood aspects of the medicalization thesis.
Isoenzyme pattern of HPRT in murine erythrocytes: control by an autosomal locus.

A locus on chromosome 7 controls the electrophoretic mobility of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) isoenzymes in mouse erythrocytes but not in several other tissues. This locus is designated Hma (HPRT mobility alteration) and maps very close to the Hbb locus. The A/J, AKR/J, AU/SsJ, BALB/cJ, CBA/J, C3H/HeJ, DBA/2J, LP/J, RF/J, SEA/Gn, ST/BJ, and 129/J strains and our population of Swiss albino mice have the Hmaa allele. Hmaa is dominant to Hmab, which is found in the C57BL/6J, C57BL/KsJ, C58/J, LT/Sv, MA/MyJ, SJL/J, and SWR/J strains. Both alleles are found in feral Mus musculus. In our conditions, homozygotes for Hmab have two major bands of HPRT activity after electrophoresis of extracts of erythrocytes and of other tissues. Heterozygotes and Hmaa homozygotes have three bands in erythrocyte extracts but two bands in other tissues.
Prevalence of catheter-induced valvular regurgitation as determined by Doppler echocardiography

Abstract In has been suggested that cardiac catheters traversing competent heart valves may induce valvular regurgitation. To evaluate this possibility, continuous-wave and pulsed Doppler echocardiographic studies were performed immediately before, during and immediately after removal of various catheters in a total of 47 adult patients without clinical evidence of valvular regurgitation. With the tip of a 7Fr balloon flotation catheter positioned in the pulmonary artery, 9 of 36 patients (25%) had pulmonary regurgitation documented by continuous-wave Doppler. Evidence for regurgitation by pulsed Doppler examination was noted in 4 of these 9, with the regurgitant signal extending a mean of 1.8 cm into the right ventricular outflow tract. Similarly, a tricuspid regurgitant signal was present in 10 to 37 patients (27%) by continuous-wave Doppler and in 6 of these 10 by pulsed Doppler, with a mean regurgitant signal depth of 2.3 cm. Doppler examination also was performed in 7 patients (2 with aortic regurgitation) with a 7Fr pigtail catheter across the aortic valve, and in 4 patients (1 with tricuspid regurgitation) with a 6Fr bipolar pacing catheter across the tricuspid valve. Catheter removal resulted in no change in either the presence or absence of a regurgitant signal, or in the regurgitant signal depth in any of the patients studied. It is concluded that standard cardiac catheters neither induce Doppler-detected valvular regurgitation, nor do they affect the retrograde distance to which an existing regurgitant signal can be mapped.
Cloning and Characterization of the Promoter for a Potassium Channel Expressed in High Frequency Firing Neurons

The Kv3.1 potassium channel is expressed in neurons that generate trains of high frequency action potentials in response to synaptic inputs. To understand the mechanisms underlying the regulation and restricted expression pattern of the Kv3.1 gene, we have cloned and characterized its promoter. We first isolated a 5.3-kilobase pair fragment of the Kv3.1 5'-flanking region. When linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene, this fragment was found to be active in the undifferentiated PC12 cell line, a neuron-like cell line, but not in a fibroblast cell line. By carrying out a series of deletion analyses in undifferentiated PC12 cells, we have localized the essential promoter region to a highly GC-rich region containing four Sp-1 binding sites. Similar deletion analysis in NIH3T3 cells suggests that multiple silencing elements and enhancing element(s) are involved in the cell type-specific expression of this gene. Further regulatory elements, including one cyclic AMP/calcium response element (CRE) and one Ap-1 element were found in the upstream region of the promoter. Using a stable undifferentiated PC12 cell line transfected with the Kv3.1 5'-flanking region, we determined that promoter activity is enhanced by a cAMP analog and a calcium ionophore. Deletion of the CRE-like element at position -252 eliminated the enhancement of promoter activity by cAMP, and mobility shift assays confirmed that the Kv3.1 CRE sequence binds both a nuclear factor in undifferentiated PC12 cells and recombinant CRE binding protein. Our results suggest that the transcription of the Kv3.1 channel may be regulated by neurotransmitters that elevate cAMP levels in neurons.
Pharmacologic targeting of sirtuin and PPAR signaling improves longevity and mitochondrial physiology in respiratory chain complex I mutant Caenorhabditis elegans

Mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) diseases are highly morbid multi-systemic conditions for which few effective therapies exist. Given the essential role of sirtuin and PPAR signaling in mediating both mitochondrial physiology and the cellular response to metabolic stress in RC complex I (CI) disease, we postulated that drugs that alter these signaling pathways either directly (resveratrol for sirtuin, rosiglitazone for PPARγ, fenofibrate for PPARα), or indirectly by increasing NAD+ availability (nicotinic acid), might offer effective treatment strategies for primary RC disease. Integrated effects of targeting these cellular signaling pathways on animal lifespan and multi-dimensional in vivo parameters were studied in gas-1(fc21) relative to wild-type (N2 Bristol) worms. Specifically, animal lifespan, transcriptome profiles, mitochondrial oxidant burden, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial content, amino acid profiles, stable isotope-based intermediary metabolic flux, and total nematode NADH and NAD+ concentrations were compared. Shortened gas-1(fc21) mutant lifespan was rescued with either resveratrol or nicotinic acid, regardless of whether treatments were begun at the early larval stage or in young adulthood. Rosiglitazone administration beginning in young adult stage animals also rescued lifespan. All drug treatments reversed the most significant transcriptome alterations at the biochemical pathway level relative to untreated gas-1(fc21) animals. Interestingly, increased mitochondrial oxidant burden in gas-1(fc21) was reduced with nicotinic acid but exacerbated significantly by resveratrol and modestly by fenofibrate, with little change by rosiglitazone treatment. In contrast, the reduced mitochondrial membrane potential of mutant worms was further decreased by nicotinic acid but restored by either resveratrol, rosiglitazone, or fenofibrate. Using a novel HPLC assay, we discovered that gas-1(fc21) worms have significant deficiencies of NAD+ and NADH. Whereas resveratrol restored concentrations of both metabolites, nicotinic acid only restored NADH. Characteristic branched chain amino acid elevations in gas-1(fc21) animals were normalized completely by nicotinic acid and largely by resveratrol, but not by either rosiglitazone or fenofibrate. We developed a visualization system to enable objective integration of these multi-faceted physiologic endpoints, an approach that will likely be useful to apply in future drug treatment studies in human patients with mitochondrial disease. Overall, these data demonstrate that direct or indirect pharmacologic restoration of altered sirtuin and PPAR signaling can yield significant health and longevity benefits, although by divergent bioenergetic mechanism(s), in a nematode model of mitochondrial RC complex I disease. Thus, these animal model studies introduce important, integrated insights that may ultimately yield rational treatment strategies for human RC disease.
Effect of specimen preparation and section transfer techniques on the preservation of ultrastructure, lipids and elements in cryosections.

SUMMARY Cryofixation, cryoultramicrotomy, and proper transfer of the cryosections into the electron microscope are important for the preservation of good ultrastructure and the measurement of subcellular elemental distributions. These techniques are applicable to tissue systems which can be rapidly frozen so that minimal to no ice damage occurs during the cryofixation step. For the transfer step we have compared the cryotransfer of hydrated sections and subsequent freeze-drying in the electron microscope with the transfer of sections into an external freeze-dryer, followed by exposure to room temperature and humidity before introduction into the electron microscope. The use of a cryotransfer stage for section transfer from the cryoultramicrotome to the electron microscope and low temperature observation of the thin sections avoids the potential problem of rehydration damage to freeze-dried sections as well as provides protection from the possibility of melting of the lipids in the sections. Both of these problems may lead to loss of in situ elemental distribution and morphology. In this report, observations are presented which show the damaging effects of temperatures above 273 K on ultrastructure due to lipid melting in tissues with high lipid content and the redistribution of elements which can be encountered when thin sections become inadvertantly rehydrated.
Conjugation of Highly Reactive Aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-Epoxide Catalyzed by Rat and Human Glutathione Transferases: Estimation of Kinetic Parameters †

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exo-8,9-epoxide, the reactive product of the hepatocarcinogen AFB1, is stable in aprotic solvents but hydrolyzes rapidly in H2O at 25 degrees C and pH 7 (t1/2 = 1 s). However, it is also known that some glutathione (GSH) transferases can conjugate the epoxide with GSH to give the adduct in high yield. We developed an approach to estimating kinetic parameters for reactions involving this epoxide or other substrates that are unstable to H2O. Varying concentrations of the (anhydrous) epoxide and GSH transferase were mixed and the GSH conjugates were measured. The final concentrations of product were known for each set of the starting epoxide and enzyme concentrations in a modeling approach, where the competition with the hydrolysis reaction is considered with two variables, a K for binding of the enzyme and epoxide and a rate k2, which includes microscopic steps following complex formation and resulting in conjugate formation. The ratio k2/K, a measure of enzyme efficiency, varied among individual recombinant GSH transferases in the the order (rat) 10-10 >> 3-3 > (human) M1-1 > T1-1 > A1-1 > P1-1 > A2-2, from 3 x 10(6) to 10 M(-1) s(-1). The high ratio of M1-1 among the human GSH transferase enzymes tested is consistent with other work in which GSH-AFB1 conjugates were not detected in hepatocytes with an M1 null polymorphism. This general kinetic approach should be applicable to estimation of kinetic parameters involved in the interaction of other unstable substrates with enzymes.
Psilocybian Mycetismus With Special Reference To Panaeolus

(1976). Psilocybian Mycetismus With Special Reference To Panaeolus. Journal of Psychedelic Drugs: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 43-57.
Apoptosis induction and growth suppression by U19/Eaf2 is mediated through its ELL-binding domain.

BACKGROUND U19/Eaf2 is an androgen-response gene and its downregulation is frequently observed in advanced human prostate cancer. U19/Eaf2 interacts with ELL, a fusion partner of MLL in the (11;19) (q23;p13.1) translocation in acute myeloid leukemia. U19/Eaf2 overexpression induces apoptosis and suppresses xenograft tumor growth. METHODS Transfection and colony formation were used to assay for apoptosis and growth suppression of various U19/Eaf2 mutants. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to test the interaction between the U19/Eaf2 constructs and ELL. RESULTS The region of U19/Eaf2 essential for apoptosis and growth suppression was mapped to amino acids 68–113. This region was necessary and sufficient for binding ELL. Co-expression of U19/Eaf2 and ELL in 293 cells lead to significant increase in cell death and growth suppression. CONCLUSIONS These observations argue that the interaction with ELL is essential for the induction of apoptosis and growth suppression by U19/Eaf2. Prostate © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
IMPaSTo: a realistic, interactive model for paint

We present a paint model for use in interactive painting systems that captures a wide range of styles similar to oils or acrylics. The model includes both a numerical simulation to recreate the physical flow of paint and an optical model to mimic the paint appearance.Our physical model for paint is based on a conservative advection scheme that simulates the basic dynamics of paint, augmented with heuristics that model the remaining key properties needed for painting. We allow one active wet layer, and an unlimited number of dry layers, with each layer being represented as a height-field.We represent paintings in terms of paint pigments rather than RGB colors, allowing us to relight paintings under any full-spectrum illuminant. We also incorporate an interactive implementation of the Kubelka-Munk diffuse reflectance model, and use a novel eight-component color space for greater color accuracy.We have integrated our paint model into a prototype painting system, with both our physical simulation and rendering algorithms running as fragment programs on the graphics hardware. The system demonstrates the model's effectiveness in rendering a variety of painting styles from semi-transparent glazes, to scumbling, to thick impasto.
THE EFFECT OF FOOD RESTRICTION DURING THE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE ON ORGAN GROWTH AND MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION IN THE RAT

To examine the effects of malnutrition imposed during various stages of the reproductive cycle on the growth of organs important for the support of lactation and lactational performance, a factorial experiment was conducted. Rats were fed ad libitum (control) or were fed 50% of the intake of controls either before and during pregnancy only (refed), during lactation only (acutely restricted) or throughout the experimental period (chronically restricted). Food restriction at any period compromised body and mammary gland weight. Food restriction during lactation resulted in lower mammary gland weight relative to maternal body weight and alterations in milk macronutrient concentrations. Synergistic effects between the periods of food restriction were evident for absolute and relative liver weight and milk production as well as absolute gastrointestinal tract weight. The size the mammary gland and liver were are strongly positively associated with milk production. These results indicate that the degree of compromised organ growth and function reflects the timing of the nutritional insult. The interactive effects observed indicate that the lactational performance of the previously food-restricted lactating rat can recover during lactation, but even previously adequate nutritional status does not prevent the deleterious consequences of food restriction during lactation.
Fatty acid synthesis in rat testes injected intratesticularly or incubated with 1- 14 C Acetate 1.

Fatty acid synthesis was studied in testes of young and adult rats either injected intratesticularly or incubated with 1-14C acetate. The pattern of14C incorporation into lipids and individual fatty acids in the two age groups was similar but results obtained with intratesticular injection differed considerably from those obtained in the in vitro studies. In the former more than 70% of the14C incorporated in total lipids was in phosphatides, with about 15% in triglycerides and only minor amounts in cholesteryl esters and free fatty acids. Most of the14C incorporated into total fatty acids was in saturated acids (predominantly 16∶0). A small amount of14C was in the higher polyenes and there was a progressive increase with time after acetate injection in the14C content of 22∶5 W6. In testes incubated with 1-14C acetate, the phosphatide, triglyceride, and free fatty acid fractions had similar amounts of14C. In the total fatty acid fraction about 40% of the incorporated14C was in saturated acids (predominantly 14∶0 and 16∶0) and about 50% in the higher polyenes. Twenty carbon polyenes and 22∶5 W6 had significant14C incorporation, but most of the14C was in 22∶4 W6. About 80% of the14C in the latter compound was in the carboxyl carbon, indicating its origin from endogenous 20∶4 W6 elongated by the added 1-14C acetate used as substrate. The14C 22∶4 was present predominantly in the triglyceride and phosphatide fractions with minor amounts in other lipids.14C-labeled compounds of retention time greater than 22∶5 were also present in all lipid fractions.
Recommendations for action

Dr. Molnar keyed the session to the transition of the U.S. from an industrial society to a knowledge and information oriented society, the first nation to do so. He pointed out that in 1960 about 80% of the labor force was involved in the production and distribution of materials; now only 40% are. On education, specifically, today less than 10% of our labor force has little or no education; at the turn of the century the figure was 60%.
Overcoming skepticism with education: interacting influences of worldview and climate change knowledge on perceived climate change risk among adolescents

Though many climate literacy efforts attempt to communicate climate change as a risk, these strategies may be ineffective because among adults, worldview rather than scientific understanding largely drives climate change risk perceptions. Further, increased science literacy may polarize worldview-driven perceptions, making some climate literacy efforts ineffective among skeptics. Because worldviews are still forming in the teenage years, adolescents may represent a more receptive audience. This study examined how worldview and climate change knowledge related to acceptance of anthropogenic global warming (AGW) and in turn, climate change risk perception among middle school students in North Carolina, USA (n=387). We found respondents with individualistic worldviews were 16.1 percentage points less likely to accept AGW than communitarian respondents at median knowledge levels, mirroring findings in similar studies among adults. The interaction between knowledge and worldview, however, was opposite from previous studies among adults, because increased climate change knowledge was positively related to acceptance of AGW among both groups, and had a stronger positive relationship among individualists. Though individualists were 24.1
The nature of the biochemical lesion in avian renal riboflavinuria III. The isolation and characterization of the riboflavin-binding protein from egg albumen☆

Abstract 1. 1. An autosomal recessive strain of white leghorn hens produces eggs with an insufficient supply of riboflavin because of the absence of the riboflavin-binding protein similar to that reported by Rhodes, Bennett and Feeney . This protein has now been isolated from the whites of eggs of homozygous normal hens by a sequence of adsorptions and elutions from DE-32 cellulose on CM-23 cellulose under controlled pH and ionic strength. 2. 2. The protein has a molecular weight of 32 000 by sedimentation equilibrium measurements. 3. 3. The protein contains 14% carbohydrate with glucosamine, galactose and mannose as the component sugars. 4. 4. The protein is highly cross-linked with eight disulfide bridges. No free sulfhydryl groups are present. 5. 5. The amino acid composition is reported. 6. 6. Tryptophan and an acidic group with a p K a of approx. 3.8 have been implicated in the riboflavin-binding.
Effects of Acute Regional Myocardial Ischemia on Left Ventricular Function in Dogs

The immediate functional deficit resulting from acute regional myocardial ischemia was evaluated in 40 anesthetized dogs. Ventricular function curves, maximum dp/dt, isovolumetric force-velocity curves, and peak systolic and resting diastolic length-tension curves were assessed at fixed heart rate and constant aortic pressure before and during occlusion of the anterior descending coronary artery 2 to 3 cm distal to its origin. Mild, moderate, or marked depression of the ventricular function resulted from occlusion of the anterior descending artery, depending upon the anatomy of the intercoronary collateral vessels. Maximum loss of function was apparent 2 minutes after occlusion, and was quantitatively reproducible by reocclusion after an intervening period of unobstructed flow. Resting diastolic length-tension relations were not significantly altered by occlusion of the anterior descending artery. In 12 dogs, force-velocity relations were determined during the inscription of ventricular function curves and in every instance when depressed function was evident from the ventricular function curve, the simultaneously determined force-velocity curve also demonstrated impaired performance. At low preload levels, however, the force-velocity curves inscribed before and during occlusion of the anterior descending artery were not very dissimilar; with increasing ventricular volumes, the force-velocity curve inscribed during coronary artery occlusion progressively shifted downward and to the left of the control curve. Maximum velocity, however, appeared to be unchanged suggesting that this index of contractility is not a satisfactory method for assessing cardiac performance during acute regional myocardial ischemia.
THE USE OF PROTEOLYTIC AND OTHER ENZYMES IN THE SEPARATION OF SLIME MOULD GREX.

Abstract The grex of Dictyostelium and Polysphondylium species of cellular slime mould were treated with a variety of proteolytic enzymes and other disaggregating substances. The most effective enzyme for cell separation was crystalline papain, although this did not attack the slime track or stalk. On consideration of the optimum requirements for this digestion (which are given), it is proposed that the cells are bound in the grex by a complex of polysaccharide bound by peptides rather than proteins.
MECHANISM OF INTERACTION OF ASPHALT CEMENT WITH CRUMB RUBBER MODIFIER

The nature of the interaction process between asphalt cement and crumb rubber modifier (CRM) has not been fully understood. Two main types of mechanisms that affect the produced binder properties are reported: particle swelling and degradation (devulcanization and depolymerization). These mechanisms occur as the binder is subjected to different combinations of interaction time and temperature. Insight into the mechanisms by which the interaction between the two materials takes place through monitoring the changes in the rheological parameters of the binder is provided. The effects of the interaction process variables, time and temperature, are explained. The effect of CRM properties, including particle size and material source, is also discussed.
Toroidal plasma configuration with non-planar magnetic axis

Etude de l'equilibre MHD ideal, la stabilite, la diffusion classique, la conductivite thermique effective et le chauffage ohmique d'une configuration toroidale a cisaillement nul avec un axe magnetique non planaire de torsion et combure variables
Pulsed electric field processing effects on flavor compounds and microorganisms of orange juice

Abstract The headspace flavor compounds of fresh squeezed orange juice processed by pulsed electric field (PEF) at 30 kV/cm for 240 or 480 μs, or heat at 90°C for 1 min were isolated by a solid phase microextraction (SPME) coating and separated by gas chromatography. The average losses of flavor compounds in orange juice processed by 240, 480 μs PEF and heat process were 3.0%, 9.0% and 22.0%, respectively ( P
Power-of-two single-warehouse multi-buyer inventory coordination with private information

Abstract This paper considers the problem of coordinating a single-warehouse multi-buyer inventory system with private information where the objective is to find a replenishment policy for each facility in the system such that the total average ordering and inventory-related cost of the entire system is minimized. It is assumed that the objective function, and setup and inventory holding cost parameters of each facility are regarded as private information that no other facilities in the system have access to. Moreover, each facility is responsible to specify its own replenishment policy for a given demand. Power-of-two inventory theory is used to develop a heuristic for coordinating the inventory system given complete information. In turn, the heuristic is modified to solve the problem under private information. Both heuristics are applicable to systems where the cost functions are convex. In addition, the proposed heuristics are 94% effective if all the facilities adopt the classical EOQ assumptions.
Diagnostic endoscopy in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective To determine the diagnostic yield versus complications from endoscopy in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Design Data from 191 patients were reviewed, then separated into procedures within the first 100 days after HSCT (when the risks for complications and prevalence of acute graft-versus-host disease [GVHD] are highest) and those performed beyond 100 days. Results Visible endoscopic lesions were found in 63 of 198 (32%) esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGDs) and 36 of 220 (16%) sigmoidoscopies. Acute GVHD was present in 38 of 121 (31%) biopsy specimens from EGDs within the first 100 days, 15 of 73 (21%) samples from EGDs after 100 days, 52 of 136 (38%) sigmoid biopsy specimens before 100 days, and in 25 of 82 (31%) samples after 100 days. Non-GVHD histologic abnormalities were present in 36 of 124 (29%) biopsy samples from EGDs before 100 days, 32 of 74 (43%) specimens after 100 days, 14 of 136 (10%) sigmoid specimens before 100 days, and 11 of 84 (13%) samples beyond 100 days. Complications Complications occurred in 13 procedures (3.1%): 8 (4.2%) EGDs, 4 (2.0%) sigmoidoscopies, and 1 (5.5%) colonoscopy. Intestinal bleeding occurred in 12 of the 13 procedures. Thrombocytopenia was a statistically significant association ( p Conclusions GI abnormalities other than acute GVHD occurred in children after HSCT. Acute GVHD was diagnosed most commonly on sigmoid biopsy. Postprocedure hemorrhage was related to thrombocytopenia.
Sum rules for a binary solution and effective interactions between3He quasiparticles in superfluid4He

Sum rules are derived for dynamic structure factors for a binary solution and applied to the Woo-Tan-Massey theory of 3 He- 4 He solutions. We demonstrate that in the long-wavelength region the effective 3 He quasiparticle interactionVk contains no lineark dependence. In other words, $$V_k \to A + Bk^2 {\text{ }}as k \to 0$$ This result is exact, and requires no empirical information. It is consistent with expressions ofVk assumed by Eckstein, Eckstein, Kuper, and Ron, and by Ebner, based on fitting experimental data such as osmotic pressure measurements.
Separation factors for the system 1,2-dibromoethane—1,2-dibromo[2H4]ethane

Evaluation de l'effet isotopique en chromatographie gazeuse pour la substitution H/ 2 H, et argumentation pour une generalisation de l'utilisation des molecules marquees pour une analyse precise en chromatographie gazeuse
Culturally Responsive Computing: An In-depth Examination of Outcomes in COMPUGIRLS (Abstract Only)

Girls and women continue to be underrepresented in computing, and this results in costly consequences for U.S. innovation and productivity; it also reproduces existing socioeconomic inequities, especially for women of color. This poster session will provide an in-depth look into Compugirls, a culturally responsive technology enrichment program for girls in under-resourced districts. The program ultimately enables girls to design technologies to address social inequities and foster social justice. Girls participate in three courses over the course of a year: 1) learning to use technologies such as iMovie, GarageBand, and iPhoto, 2) designing games with SCRATCH, and 3) programming "builds" in a virtual world environment. Throughout all three courses, the girls engage in a research project that connects the technologies they are learning to social justice issues they choose to address in their communities. The poster will also present findings from our three-year, NSF supported mixed-method study of the program. In particular, the session will illustrate how the girls developed their identities and abilities as technosocial change agents. The session also identifies conditions that, at times, limited the power of these possibilities and will report on key "lessons learned" in developing large-scale, sustainable computing programs.
Disruption of cell cycle kinetics by benzo[a]pyrene: inverse expression patterns of BRCA-1 and p53 in MCF-7 cells arrested in S and G2.

The effects of a ligand of the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and its metabolite, BPDE (7r,8t-dihydroxy-9t,10t-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-benzo[a]pyrene), on BRCA-1 levels and cell cycle kinetics were determined in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Exposure of asynchronous MCF-7 cells for 72 hours to a non-cytotoxic dose of 0.5 µM B[a]P triggered a three-fold reduction in BRCA-1 protein. In MCF-7 cells resistant (20% to 30%) to genotoxic concentrations of B[a]P (1 to 5 µM), the loss of BRCA-1 protein was coupled with pausing in S-phase and G2/M, and accumulation of p53, mdm2 and p21. Treatment of MCF-7 cells synchronized in S-phase (72%) with B[a]P prolonged the arrest in S-phase, although this checkpoint was transient since cells resumed to G2/M after 12 hours with reduced levels of BRCA-1. In these cells, levels of p53 were increased, whereas the cellular content of p21 remained unaltered. In contrast, the co-treatment with the AhR antagonist, α-naphthoflavone (ANF), abrogated the deleterious effects of B[a]P on BRCA-1 expression, while preventing the accumulation of p53 and disruption of cell cycle profile. These findings suggest that the AhR mediated the inverse expression patterns of BRCA-1 and p53 upon exposure to B[a]P. The treatment with BPDE induced S-phase arrest and reduced BRCA-1 mRNA levels. The negative effects of BPDE on BRCA-1 expression were not transient since removal of BPDE did not allow complete reversal of the repression. These cumulative data suggest that the B[a]P metabolite, BPDE, may play a key role in disruption of BRCA-1 expression and cell cycle kinetics in breast epithelial cells.
Air transport pilot involvement in general aviation accidents

Abstract General aviation (GA) fatal accident records of airport transport pilots (ATPs) were compared to those of private pilots (PVTs). ATPs are safer GA pilots than the PVTs. They have comparable exposure in GA airplanes and account for 7·5% of all certified to fly, but only 3·5% of the fatal accidents. ATPs are less often involved in pilot-induced accidents. Nearly 50% of ATP pilot-induced accidents occur during aerobatics. Often these risky aerial operations are performed below a safe altitude and are associated with the descriptors ‘careless’ and ‘reckless’. The ATP aerobatics-related fatality is likely to occur in a multi-wing aeroplane with which he has little experience. The ATP aerobatics-related accident is likely to be of the spin, stall, or controlled flight into terrain variety, and to occur in summer or early autumn.
Bilirubin Mono‐ and diglucuronide formation by human liver In vitro: Assay by high‐pressure liquid chromatography

Bilirubin diglucuronide, the major pigment in human bile is formed in two steps. Bilirubin is converted to bilirubin monoglucuronide by transfer of the glucuronosyl moiety of uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid catalyzed by the microsomal enzyme, uridine diphosphoglucuronate glucuronosyl transferase (UDP glucuronyl transferase, EC 2.4.1.17). Bilirubin monoglucuronide is converted to bilirubin diglucuronide in vitro by two enzymatic mechanisms: (a) UDP glucuronyl transferase-mediated transfer of a second mole of glucuronic acid form UDP-glucuronic acid to bilirubin monoglucuronide; (b) dismutation of 2 moles of bilirubin monoglucuronide to 1 mole of bilirubin diglucuronide and 1 mole of unconjugated bilirubin, catalyzed by bilirubin monoglucuronide dismutase (bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyl transferase EC 2.4.1.95). Assay methods for the three enzymatic mechanisms in human liver homogenate by high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of underivatized bilirubin tetrapyrroles have been developed. UDP glucuronyl transferase was activated in five human liver homogenates with digitonin, Triton X-100, or UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. Greatest activation was observed with Triton X-100. The pH optimum for conversion of bilirubin to bilirubin monoglucuronide was 7.4, and UDP glucuronyl transferase activity was 625 ± 51 nmoles per 20 min per gm liver. At high initial bilirubin concentrations (342 μM), the product of UDP glucuronyl transferase assay with bilirubin as substrate was predominantly bilirubin monoglucuronide. At lower initial bilirubin concentrations (6.5 to 34 μM), up to 15% bilirubin diglucuronide was formed. Glucuronyl transferase-mediated UDP glucuronic acid-dependent conversion of bilirubin monoglucuronide to diglucuronide was assayed using UDP-14-C-glucuronic acid. The pH optimum was 7.4, and the rate was 21 ± 7 nmoles per gm liver per 20 min. The rate of bilirubin diglucuronide formation by enzymatic dismutation of bilirubin monoglucuronide was 470 ± 112 nmoles per gm liver per min. The pH optimum was 6.6. The products of enzymatic dismutation were of the IXα configuration.