cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural and Functional Properties of Caseinate and Whey Protein Isolate as Affected by Temperature and pH

The structural properties, i.e., active sulfhydryl (SH), flexibility and hydrophobicity, and functional properties, i.e., solubility, emulsion activity (EA), emulsion stability (ES), foam overrun (FO) and foam stability (FS), of commercial sodium caseinate (SC) and whey protein isolate (WPI) solutions were investigated at pH 6, 7 and 8 and at 25, 55 and 65°C. WPI contained a higher concentration of active SH and was more hydrophobic than SC. WPI provided comparable solubility and EA, lower FO, but higher FS than SC. Temperature and pH effects on the two proteins were somewhat inconsistent.
A predictive modeling approach to assessing the groundwater pollution susceptibility of the Paluxy Aquifer, Central Texas, using a Geographic Information System

The Paluxy aquifer in north-central Texas is composed primarily of Lower Cretaceous clastics. This aquifer provides water for both domestic and agricultural purposes in the region. The study area for this investigation incorporates the outcrop and recharge areas, as well as the confined and unconfined portions of the aquifer. The purpose of this investigation is to develop a predictive modeling approach for evaluating the susceptibility of groundwater in the Paluxy aquifer to contamination, and then compare this susceptibility evaluation to water-chemistry data collected from wells completed within the aquifer. Using such an approach allows one to investigate the potential for groundwater contamination on a regional, rather than site-specific scale. Based on data from variables such as land use/land cover, soil permeability, depth to water, aquifer hydraulic conductivity and topography, subjective numerical weightings have been assigned according to each variables' relative importance in groundwater pollution susceptibility. The weights for each variable comprise a Geographic Information System (GIS) map layer. These map layers are combined to formulate the final pollution susceptibility map. Using this method of investigation, the pollution susceptibility map classifies 32% of the study area as having low pollution susceptibility, 41% as having moderate pollution susceptibility, 25% as having high pollution susceptibility, and 2% as having very high pollution susceptibility. When comparing these modeling results with water-chemistry data from wells within the Paluxy aquifer, the four wells with the highest concentration of nitrate contamination are all found within regions of very high pollution potential. This confirms the accuracy and usefulness of the predictive modeling approach for assessing aquifer pollution susceptibility.
Subnormal Solutions of Second Order Linear Differential Equations With Periodic Coefficients

We find the form of all subnormal solutions of equation (1.4). Our results generalize and improve a well-known result of Wittich about equation (1.1). Several examples are given. Higher order equations are discussed.
The stem-cell niche as an entity of action

Stem-cell populations are established in 'niches'--specific anatomic locations that regulate how they participate in tissue generation, maintenance and repair. The niche saves stem cells from depletion, while protecting the host from over-exuberant stem-cell proliferation. It constitutes a basic unit of tissue physiology, integrating signals that mediate the balanced response of stem cells to the needs of organisms. Yet the niche may also induce pathologies by imposing aberrant function on stem cells or other targets. The interplay between stem cells and their niche creates the dynamic system necessary for sustaining tissues, and for the ultimate design of stem-cell therapeutics.
Nitrendipine Prolongs Rat Parturition: No Changes Occur in Progesterone Withdrawal

The mechanism of tocolytic action of the calcium channel-blocking agent nitrendipine [3-ethyl-5-methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl) 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate; BAYER E 5009] has been examined. Pregnant rats (duration of pregnancy, 22 days) were treated with nitrendipine (12.5 mg/kg, sc) on days 18–21 of gestation (group I) or on days 20–21 of gestation (group II) and with vehicle only (control group). Serum levels of progesterone from the three experimental groups were determined on days 20 and 22, and the course of labor was monitored on days 22–23 in the individually caged dams. The duration of labor, delivery times, and other labor parameters were significantly delayed in the treated groups vs. the control group, while there was no difference in serum progesterone levels among the three experimental groups on day 20 or 22 of gestation 136.0 ± 5.6 (mean ± SEM; (n = 6) and 43.8 ± 7.2 (n = 17) ng progesterone/ml serum, respectively. We can conclude that progesterone withdrawal, the primary ev...
QUANTIFICATION OF DIRECTION AND MAGNITUDE OF CYCLICAL POSTURAL SWAY USING ELLIPSES

In this paper we demonstrate a new method to quantify direction and magnitude of sway in response to periodic inputs. The postural sway response was modeled as an ellipse, allowing the determination of angle of heading as well as the resultant magnitude. To demonstrate this methodology, center of pressure data obtained from a subject receiving sinusoidal (0.25 Hz, 1.2 mA peak-to-peak) galvanic vestibular stimulation in both the binaural-bipolar and binaural-monopolar configurations were analyzed. The binaural-bipolar and binaural-monopolar stimuli elicited sway patterns that were oriented at 4° and 97° to the medial-lateral axis, respectively. In addition, the binaural-monopolar stimulus generated twice as much sway as the binaural-bipolar stimulus. We propose that this method can be applied to sway obtained from sinusoidal inputs to the sensory systems controlling balance. Estimation of the direction and magnitude of postural sway will become an important tool for understanding postural control mechanisms for disturbances to balance that do not occur in a cardinal direction.
Radiation therapy for incompletely resected meningiomas

✓ Twelve patients with incompletely resected meningiomas were treated with postoperative radiation therapy. Nine of these patients had previously undergone incomplete surgical resection, and three had suffered one or more postoperative recurrences. The median dose of irradiation was 5490 rads in 6 weeks (range 4800 to 6080 rads). All patients were followed with serial neurological examinations and computerized tomography (CT) scans. Median follow-up period was 54½ months (range 20 to 120 months); 10 of the 12 patients were followed for longer than 42 months posttreatment. Nine patients had no clinical evidence of recurrent disease after radiation therapy, and CT scans confirmed lack of progression or a gradual decrease in tumor size. Three patients had tumor recurrences; two of these lesions appeared at 70 and 112 months after irradiation as extracranial extensions beyond the margin of the irradiation field, and one has exhibited recurrence within the field at 48 months. Three patients who were treated af...
Phase 4 conduction block of a right midseptal accessory pathway

A 28-year-old man with no significant medical history as diagnosed with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome after eing evaluated for an episode of palpitations. The patient nderwent electrophysiologic study with the intention of dentifying and ablating an accessory pathway (AP) diagosed by 12-lead ECG. During the course of EP study, the entricular insertion site on the septal aspect of the tricuspid nnulus was identified. Pacing the atrium faster than the ffective refractory period of the AV node revealed maxial ventricular preexcitation on the surface electrogram. ollowing rapid atrial pacing, a pause in atrial activity uring normal sinus node recovery time ensued, with lack of reexcitation and normal AV nodal conduction before reumption of manifest preexcitation with sinus rhythm. This
Broken hearts, woolly hair, and tattered skin : when desmosomal adhesion goes awry

Desmosomal cadherins constitute the adhesive core of desmosomes. Different desmosomal cadherins are differentially expressed in a tissue-specific as well as differentiation-dependent manner. The skin and the heart are two examples of tissues whose vital functions require the ability to endure mechanical stress, and therefore, rely on the integrity of desmosomal adhesion. When this adhesion is compromised via mutations in genes encoding desmosomal cadherins or associated plaque proteins, both tissues can suffer the consequences. Open questions revolve around whether the resulting phenotypes are solely because of physical disruption of cell adhesion or whether these events are coupled with signaling mechanisms that influence many additional cellular processes. In this review, we focus on new developments in desmosomal adhesion with an emphasis on the skin, hair, and heart.
Effect of acute and chronic hyponatremia on blood-brain barrier function in the rat

To study whether acute or chronic hyponatremia alters blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, rats made hyponatremic by constant desmopressin acetate infusion were studied by NMR spectroscopy and imaging. On constant volume ventilation and nitrous oxide, acute (1- and 2-day) and chronic (7- and 14-day) hyponatremic and normonatremic controls were infused with 0.25 M HCl. Despite reducing blood pH by at least 0.35 in < 50 min, brain pH, measured by 31P NMR, was unaffected in any group. As a second test of BBB function, gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) was injected intravenously in these five groups. Coronal slice 1H NMR images obtained before and after Gd-DTPA showed image intensity changes in multiple areas outside brain, but neither control nor hyponatremic rats showed any differences in cortex, white matter or cerebellum. To ascertain whether the threshold for BBB disruption was altered, hypertonic mannitol (1.5, 2.0 or 3.0 mL) was injected rapidly into one internal carotid artery and pre- and post-Gd-DTPA images obtained. In both control and hyponatremic rats only the largest dose caused detectable Gd-DTPA leakage into brain. Thus, BBB function appears intact in both acute and chronic hyponatremia since neither H+ nor GD-DTPA penetrated the barrier and resistance to mannitol disruption was unaffected by hyponatremia.
PO03QUALITY OF LIFE IN ADULTS WITH GLIOMAS: LITERATURE REVIEW

AIM: Patients with malignant gliomas are subject to multiple medical problems that can significantly impact their overall survival and quality of life, including cognitive and psychiatric disorders, seizures, headaches, and side effects of chemotherapy. Optimal management requires a multidisciplinary approach and knowledge of potential complications of both the disease and its treatment. METHODS: Literature search was conducted to identify studies reporting original data on baseline quality of life. Two electronic databases were searched from inception to June 2014. 38 full-text articles were selected for critical reading. The authors performed a systematic literature review that included 1660 patients. RESULTS: The most commonly reported complication among patients with glioma is cognitive changes. Of the 1660 patients in this review, 348 (21%) were found to have changes in cognition. These changes are believed to be due to either the tumor itself, neurosurgical intervention, postoperative medications or psychological effects. Motor deficits, fatigue, headache and depression are also among the top 5 commonly reported complications. 192 (12%) patients reported motor deficits, 158 (10%) patients reported fatigue, 190 (11.4%) patients suffered from headaches, and 136 (8%) patients suffered from depression during the course of their illness. It was also shown that among glioma patients, those with depression were significantly more likely to experience complications and had significantly shorter survival times when compared to non-depressed glioma patients. Other reported complications include language and communication deficits in 119 (7%) patients, emotional distress in 83 (5%) patients, seizures in 80 (4.7%) patients, pain in 71 (4%) patients, adverse drug and chemotherapy reactions in 76 (5%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: High grade gliomas are extremely aggressive tumors that require intensive treatment. The findings of this review highlight the many contributory factors that significantly reduce the overall quality of life in patients with high-grade glioma.
Analyzing Nonindependent Outcomes in Couple Therapy Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model.

The nonindependent components of couple data require data-analytic strategies tailored to the interpersonal processes occurring between relationship partners. This article examines the benefits of a specifically dyadic analytic method, the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM), for evaluating interpartner influence across time. Both conceptual and methodological features of the APIM are exemplified by applying this model to observations of negative and positive affect and global distress in spouses participating in a randomized trial of couple therapy. In addition to elucidating specific advantages of the APIM relative to alternative data-analytic strategies, the current results shed new light on previous findings from a comparative treatment outcome study evaluating behavioral and insight-oriented approaches to couple therapy.
Validity and reliability of retrospective assessment of disease activity and flare in observational cohorts of lupus patients

Background: The use of validated retrospective tools to assess disease activity in an observational cohort of patients would allow researchers the flexibility to analyze unique exploratory question...
Right sided weakness with right subdural hematoma: Motor deafferentation of left hemisphere resulted in paralysis of the right side

Background: A right handed man with trauma to the head was admitted with headache and seizures. A severe right sided weakness was noted after a blunt trauma to the right side of his head.Methods and results: MRI of brain revealed a right-sided subdural hematoma and a normal left hemisphere and downstream motor pathways. Bimanual simultaneous drawing and manual reaction times indicated that the patient was right hemispheric in laterality of his major hemisphere.Conclusion: The right sided weakness in this patient was due to temporary transcallosal disconnection (diaschisis) of the minor hemisphere (left, in this case) from the excitatory signals arising from those structures of his major hemisphere devoted to movements occurring on nondominant side, transmitted via the corpus callosum to his left hemisphere. This case draws attention to disparity between neural and behavioral handedness (laterality of major hemisphere versus that of the preferred hand). Drawing longer lines by the left hand in simultaneous...
HYBRIDIZATION OF HALF MOLECULES OF RABBIT GAMMA GLOBULIN.

Specifically purified rabbit antiovalbumin and normal γ-globulin labeled with 1-131 were dissociated into half molecules by reduction and acidification. When a mixture of the two preparations was neutralized, a large proportion of mixed molecules having active combining sites and the same sedimentation coefficient as the original γ-globulins was formed. Since the sulfhydryl groups were inactivated after reduction, the recombined subunits appear to be linked by noncovalent bonds.
Stage- and region-dependent chondrogenesis and growth of chick wing-bud mesenchyme in serum-containing and defined tissue culture media.

During development, limb-bud mesenchymal cells carry out complex spatiotemporal patterns of growth and differentiation. Tissue and organ culture facilitate analysis of environmental influences on these cell behaviors, allowing their partial dissection into exogenous and endogenous components. Two factors that complicate such in vitro analyses are the heterogeneity of the cultured cells and imprecise knowledge of culture medium composition. Limb mesenchyme comprises a heterogenous cell population with important regional differences in cell type. Dividing the limb into subregions helps limit the cellular heterogeneity and using chemically defined, serum-free medium allays concerns about medium composition. In the present study, mesenchyme from different regions along the anteroposterior and proximodistal axes of stage 21–22 and stage 23–24 chick wing buds was grown in high-density microtiter cultures in chemically defined and in serum-containing medium. Fourday cultures of the various regions were compared in terms of culture morphology and the accumulation of Alcian blue-positive cartilage matrix and DNA. The results demonstrate stage- and region-dependent differences in the in vitro growth, differentiation, and responsiveness of these cells. For example, mesenchyme from the distal anterior region of the wing bud exhibited lower intrinsic chondrogenic capacity and greater responsiveness to serum than other regions. Patterns of in vitro chondrogenesis also suggest that, at the stages examined, distal wing-bud mesenchyme may be less homogeneous than has been believed. A case is made for the suitability of serum-free medium for future in vitro studies of chick limb-bud mesenchyme. The results are considered in relation to the process of limb development and regional expression of pattern-related genes. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Achtung Maybe: A Case Study of the Role of Personal Connection and Art in the Literary Engagement of Students with Attentional Difficulties

This study examines a collaborative reading of John Keats's poem, “When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be,” by two high school seniors with attentional difficulties in a mainstream British Literature class, with a focus on one of the students, Rita. The data consist of a retrospective verbal protocol during which the students recounted their process of composition as they interpreted the poem through an artistic medium, and a reconstructed transcript of a presentation of this drawing to their classmates. The data were analyzed with a coding system that focused on the setting of the students' composition, their goals for composing their interpretive text, and the tools through which they produced their interpretation. The data suggest that two factors were prominent in Rita's interpretation of the poem: her connection of a recent personal experience (the death of a friend) to the themes of the poem and the possibilities afforded by the artistic medium. The study concludes with a consideration of how stud...
Influence of Plasmodium berghei Infection on Susceptibility to Salmonella Infection.

SummaryConcurrent infection in mice with P. berghei and S. typhimurium was more rapidly fatal than either infection alone. There was no consistent difference in mean hematocrit values between mice with both malaria and salmonella infection and mice with only malaria. Spleens removed from mice dying with P. berghei and S. typhimurium infection demonstrated more than 108 salmonella per gram of spleen. Therefore the decreased survival time seemed to be related to enhancement of salmonella infection and not to enhancement of malaria as the mice died with a lethal salmonella infection but with hematocrit values above the level at which mouse malaria was fatal.
Incident and Emergency Medical Services Management from a Regional Perspective

Traffic crashes and other emergencies have impacts on traffic operations in transportation networks, often resulting in non-recurring congestion. Congestion, in turn, may impede the ability of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) to provide timely response to those in need of medical attention. The work in this paper investigated the impact of incidents of varying severity and duration on transportation network performance in the Birmingham (AL, USA) area. The intensity and extent of the impact over space and time were assessed on the basis of average speeds. The analysis of incident scenarios was performed using the Visual Interactive System for Transport Algorithms (VISTA) platform. Moreover, first responders’ travel times to the scene of the incident were collected to identify best units for responding, in an effort to improve current dispatching practices. Finally, a secondary incident on the EMS to the hospital was considered to further demonstrate the superiority of Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) over traditional static assignment methods in capturing dynamically changing traffic conditions. The study findings are expected to benefit local transportation planners, traffic engineers, emergency responders, and policy makers by allowing them to assess various response strategies to major incidents and emergencies and select the ones that minimize their potential impacts.
Quasielastic light scattering from solutions of filamentous viruses. I. Experimental

Intensity fluctuations of laser light scattered from filamentous viruses Pf1 [length L (A) × diameter d (A) = 20,000 × 90], M13 (9000 × 90), potato virus X (5150 × 130), and tobacco mosaic virus (3000 × 180) in sucrose density gradients were measured with a photon correlation spectrometer over a range of scattering angles from 15° to 120°. The experimental data can be approximated by two exponential decays, “slow” and “fast.” The slow decay rate constant t corresponds to the translational diffusion D of the virus, i.e., t = K2D, where K is the magnitude of the scattering vector. The amplitude of the slow component, i.e., translational diffusion, remains greater than that of the fast component, even at high KL. The fast decay rate constant t is also proportional to K2 for viruses such as Pf1, M13, and even potato virus X. In the companion paper, we shall attribute the amplitude enhancement of the translational diffusion to the coupling of its anisotropy to the rotational diffusion modes. In order to explain the excessive decay rates in the fast component, we need to consider the bending mode of rodlike viruses, especially in the longer viruses such as M13 and Pf1, in addition to the usually expected rotational diffusion modes.
Safety and efficacy of triple antithrombotic therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients needing long-term anticoagulation.

Background: Optimal antithrombotic therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is currently undefined in patients requiring long-term anticoagulation. Previous studies comparing triple t...
Peer coaching: Teachers helping teachers

Peer coaching is a process in which teachers visit each other's classes and meet to pool their observations and expertise. It is based on the premise that teachers have a wealth of experience and knowledge about teaching and that “we are the experts” and can improve our teaching both by observing others and by being observed. Faculty members' and students' responses to peer coaching programs have been overwhelmingly positive. For example, almost 60 percent of participants in New Mexico judged peer coaching as the most effective teaching improvement strategy when compared with teaching workshops, reading about teaching, and evaluations by administrators, peers and students.
On-line separation of short-lived products from 252Cf spontaneous fission

Abstract Some problems related to on-line separation of short-lived activities have been studied using a spontaneous fission source. A series of different fission product catchers have been studied and the relative yield of the heavy Xe isotopes measured. A nuclear radiation detector employing three detectors and a moving collection tape is described.
Repertoire of endothelial progenitor cells mobilized by femoral artery ligation: a nonhuman primate study.

To determine in the baboon model the identities and functional characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) mobilized in response to artery ligation, we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) before and 3 days after a segment of femoral artery was removed. Our goal was to find EPC subpopulations with highly regenerative capacity. We identified 12 subpopulations of putative EPCs that were altered >1.75-fold; two subpopulations (CD146+/CD54–/CD45– at 6.63-fold, and CD146+/UEA-1–/CD45– at 12.21-fold) were dramatically elevated. To investigate the regenerative capacity of putative EPCs, we devised a new assay that maximally resembled their in vivo scenario, we purified CD34+ and CD146+ cells and co-cultured them with basal and mobilized PBMNCs; both cell types took up Dil-LDL, but purified CD146+ cells exhibited accelerated differentiation by increasing expression of CD31 and CD144, and by exhibiting more active cord-like structure formation by comparison to the CD34+ subpopulation in a co-culture with mobilized PBMNCs. We demonstrate that ischaemia due to vascular ligation mobilizes multiple types of cells with distinct roles. Baboon CD146+ cells exhibit higher reparative capacity than CD34+ cells, and thus are a potential source for therapeutic application.
Calibration of power and energy meters for the far infrared/near millimeter wave spectral region

Power and energy measurements in the sub-mm/near-mm wave spectral region are assuming greater importance as experimentation and data exchange increases. Much of the information on power and energy measurements of lasers and other sources is derived from common detectors constructed for operation at visible and near infrared wavelengths. This paper reports on recent progress in attempts to provide accurate calibrations for instruments such as pyroelectrics and calorimeters in the 40 micron to 3 mm spectral region.
The control of death and the death of control: The effects of mortality salience, neuroticism, and worldview threat on the desire for control

Abstract Two studies were designed to examine whether neuroticism would moderate the effect of mortality salience on desire for control. In Study 1, participants completed a neuroticism scale, contemplated their mortality or a control topic, and then completed a desire for control scale. Results indicated that those low in neuroticism evidenced an increase in desire for control following mortality salience whereas those high in neuroticism showed decreased desire for control. Study 2 used a 2 (neuroticism level) ×2 (worldview threat) ×2 (mortality salience) design to examine whether confident faith in a belief system is responsible for the increased desire for control among low neuroticism participants. Here results indicated that if participants scoring low in neuroticism were confronted with a threat to their worldview and were then reminded of their death, they showed reduced desires for control. Discussion focuses on the implications of these results for understanding the relationship between neuroticism, desire for control, and terror management processes.
Nematode indicators as integrative measures of soil condition in organic cropping systems

Abstract Even though indicators based on nematode community composition are among the best developed metrics of soil health, little research has been done to support their application to management. This work tested the hypothesis that organic farming systems could enhance nematode community structure where soil resource condition had been enhanced by reducing disturbance and using organic fertility inputs. We tested this hypothesis by exploring the relationship between soil biology and the condition of the soil resource in an organic trial using the Nematode Maturity (MI), Plant Parasitic (PPI), Enrichment (EI), Channel (CI), and Structure (SI) indices. Shifts in nematode indices occurring during the growing season were compared with measures of labile soil organic matter and N availability [particulate organic matter-C and -N (POM-C, POM-N), particulate organic matter C:N ratio (POM C:N), potentially mineralizable N (PMN), hydrolysable N estimated with the Illinois-N test (IL-N), and heterotrophic activity estimated with fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA)]. Soil samples were collected four times during a single growing season from plots that had been transitioned from conventional to organic management under Ley-, Row Crop- and Vegetable-based regimes. Each of the three transition scenarios included three subplots that were either supplied with organic matter from raw and composted dairy manure or cover crop residues. High EI and low CI values revealed a greater dominance of the bacterial decomposition pathway in soils transitioned under the Ley system and values were positively associated with measures of microbial activity and available N. Increases in the PPI values were stimulated where nutrient availability (and likely crop root growth) were enhanced. The SI was positively associated with the POM fraction and declined after primary tillage. This signalled a shift in the community towards an early stage of succession and demonstrates the detrimental effects of tillage on soil food web complexity. Recommendations for soil stewardship that are guided by nematode food web indices would encourage practices that enhance soil organic matter, reduce the frequency of cultivation, and conserve structure.
(2S,3R)-1,2-epoxy-3-butanol. A useful synthon for the preparation of chiral 1,2-diols.

Abstract Enantioselective epoxidation of 3-butene-2-ol in the presence of D-(-)-tartrate gave (2 S ,3 R )-1,2-epoxy-3-butanol, which was employed in chiral syntheses of 2,5-dideoxyribose and a segment of the ionophoric antibiotic boromycin.
Low-temperature irradiation of niobium with 15-MeV neutrons

Abstract Niobium was irradiated at 4.2 K with high-energy d-Be neutrons to a fluence of 3.7 × 10 15 n/cm 2 . The neutrons were generated at the Oak Ridge Isochronous Cyclotron by the breakup reaction of 40-MeV deuterons in a thick Be target. The resulting neutron energy spectrum was broadly peaked near 15 MeV. The 0.012-cm-diameter wire sample ( RRR = 200 ) was situated in a uniform transverse magnetic field. The critical current, flux flow resistance, and normal state resistance were measured by using a standard four-terminal technique. The critical current density and flux flow resistivity were observed to increase with irradiation and to decrease toward the preirradiation values with subsequent isochronal annealing between 4.2 K and 360 K. Using recent theories of flux line lattice deformation, we deduce the elementary pinning force and compare the result to theoretical calculations.
Magnetic phase transition in the low-dimensional compound BaMn 2 Si 2 O 7

The structural and magnetic properties of BaMn${}_{2}$Si${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$ have been investigated. The magnetic susceptibility and specific heat, measured using single crystals, suggest that the quasi-one-dimensional magnetism originating from the loosely coupled Mn${}^{2+}$ chain carrying $S=5/2$ is present at high temperatures, which is similar to the other quasi-one-dimensional barium silicates, Ba$M$${}_{2}$Si${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$ ($M$: Cu and Co). The N\'eel temperature (${T}_{\mathrm{N}}\ensuremath{\sim}26$ K) is high compared to the magnetic interaction along the chain ($J=\ensuremath{-}6$ K). Neutron powder diffraction study has revealed that the magnetic structure is long ranged with antiferromagnetic arrangement along the chain ($c$) direction and ferromagnetic arrangement along the $a$ and $b$ axes. Detailed structural analysis suggests that the interchain interaction via Mn-O-Mn bond along the $a$ axis is relatively large, which makes the system behave more two-dimensionally in the $ac$ plane and enhances ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$.
A Study of the Early Winter Effects of the Great Lakes.I: Comparison of Very Fine Scale Numerical Simulations with Observed Data

Abstract Development of a framework for study of the Great Lakes' effects on late fall-early winter cyclones andArctic air masses has been initiated. The central theoretical component is a three-dimensional numericalprimitive equations model. The 40-45 km horizontal grid point spacing provides for resolution of the shapeand dimension of each lake, and 15 levels in the vertical resolve interaction of boundary layer and midtropospheric processes. Over land, locally computed vertical diffusion coefficients depending on static stabilityand Richardson number are used to parameterize subgrid-scale turbulent processes throughout the depthof the atmosphere. At over-lake grid points, the Businger et al. (1971) formulation of the Monin-Obukhov(1954) similarity equations is used in the constant flux layer, and the combined O'Brien (1971) K profileand Deardorff (1974) boundary layer depth prediction equation are used for turbulence parameterizationin the rest of the boundary layer. The prognostic variables, pressure,...
Alpha particle emission from platinum and its influence on DRAM operation

Ferroelectrics such as SrTiO3 have been studied as DRAM capacitor insulators. Platinum is commonly used as their electrode material. However, platinum contains the isotope Pt190, emitting alpha particles which cause soft errors. The authors measured the alpha particle emissivity of platinum coated silicon wafers. The resultant emissivity is consistent with the calculation. The impact on DRAM operation was estimated.
Fenofibrate reduces lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 mass and oxidative lipids in hypertriglyceridemic subjects with the metabolic syndrome

Background Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) is a macrophage-synthesized lipase that is primarily bound to small electronegative low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 oxidatively modifies LDL and generates the proinflammatory byproducts oxidized fatty acids (ox-FAs) and lysophosphatidylcholine. Fenofibrate reduces Lp-PLA 2 mass; however, it remains unknown whether the anti-inflammatory effects of fenofibrate are related to changes in LDL subclasses. Methods This was a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial designed to investigate the effects of 3-month treatment with fenofibrate (160 mg/d) on Lp-PLA 2 mass, LDL subclasses, and ox-FAs among 55 hypertriglyceridemic (≥1.7 and Results Fenofibrate treatment lowered fasting Lp-PLA 2 mass by 13.2% (−19.0 to −7.7) versus placebo (2.3% [−5.0 to 4.1], P = .0002) and total ox-FA by 15.5% (−34.2 to +1.4) versus an 11.5% increase with placebo ( P = .0013). In age-, sex-, and treatment-adjusted models, changes in Lp-PLA 2 mass were associated with reductions in chemical LDL cholesterol ( r = 0.59, P r = 0.64, P r = 0.57, P 2 mass were attenuated ( P = .125), but not in models that included LDL cholesterol ( P P = .005). Changes in Lp-PLA 2 mass were not significantly associated with changes in ox-FA or inflammatory markers. Conclusions Among hypertriglyceridemic subjects with the metabolic syndrome, fenofibrate therapy reduced Lp-PLA 2 mass, and these changes were associated with fewer small LDL-Ps.
Calcium as sculptor and destroyer of neural circuitry.

This paper examines the hypothesis that intracellular calcium plays guiding roles in the formation and adaptive modification of neural circuits in development and adult plasticity and that imbalances in calcium regulation lead to the degeneration of neural circuits in aging and disease. The neuronal growth cone is the motile structure largely responsible for the generation of neuroarchitecture. Studies of developing neurons in culture demonstrated that environmental signals believed to play key roles in neural development (i.e., neurotransmitters and growth factors) regulate growth cones by altering neuronal calcium-regulating systems. Different components of neurite outgrowth (i.e., neurite elongation and growth cone motility) are based upon different cytoskeletal systems (microtubules and microfilaments) which are differentially affected by calcium. In addition, cytoskeleton-associated proteins such as tau and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) are likely candidates for regulation by calcium. "Natural" neuronal death in development may occur as the result of growth factor deficiency or excess excitatory activity leading to sustained elevations in intracellular calcium levels. With aging and in disease, a loss of calcium homeostasis may underlie the aberrant neurodegeneration that occurs. For example, neurons subjected to conditions (e.g., glutamate and beta-amyloid) that cause sustained rises in intracellular calcium exhibit changes in the cytoskeleton similar to those seen in neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. Taken together, the data suggest that cellular systems for calcium homeostasis are integral to both the adaptive and aberrant neuroarchitectural changes that occur throughout the lifespan of the nervous system.
Binuclear Homoleptic Iron Carbonyls: Incorporation of Formal Iron−Iron Single, Double, Triple, and Quadruple Bonds, Fe2(CO)x (x = 9, 8, 7, 6)

The homoleptic binuclear compound Fe2(CO)9 is well characterized experimentally, although there has been some discussion as to the nature of the iron−iron bond, which is at most a single bond. In this research, we consider homoleptic iron carbonyls that satisfy the 18-electron rule but may have formal double Fe2(CO)8 (seven distinct structures), triple Fe2(CO)7 (three distinct structures), and even quadruple Fe2(CO)6 (seven distinct structures) iron−iron bonds. These novel structures are characterized in terms of their equilibrium geometries, thermochemistry, and vibrational frequencies. The range of predicted iron−iron distances is remarkable, from 2.52 A for the known Fe2(CO)9 to 2.00 A for the unbridged quadruple bond species Fe2(CO)6. The lowest energy structure of Fe2(CO)7 is a distorted unbridged Cs symmetry structure with iron−iron separation 2.23 A. This is followed energetically by the tribridged structure with bond distance 2.21 A, and finally by the monobridged structure with iron−iron distance...
Bilateral lateral rhinotomy incisions for medial maxillectomies in the management of pediatric invasive fungal sinusitis.

Objective: To determine if simultaneous, bilateral lateral rhinotomies for medial maxillectomies would result in central skin or bone loss in pediatric patients with invasive fungal disease. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital. Patients: Three children underwent surgery between April 1996 and June 1998. Ages at treatment ranged from 11 to 14 years. All had bilateral, biopsy-proven invasive fungal disease of the lateral walls of the nose. All were undergoing chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) or acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). Intervention: Bilateral lateral rhinotomies for medial maxillectomy. Two of 3 also had simultaneous total septectomy. Main Outcome Measure: Skin survival and patient survival. Results: All three patients had bilateral simultaneous medial maxillectomy for invasive fungal disease in the presence of profound pancytopenia secondary to treatment of leukemia. One patient had minor nasal edema postoperatively, but none showed any loss of the central nasal skin or facial skeleton. All patients survived the invasive fungal disease with follow-up of at least 24 months. All patients underwent multiple debridements after the original surgery, and 3 of 6 eyes had permanent epiphora requiring dacryocystorhinostomies. Conclusions: Bilateral simultaneous lateral rhinotomies are safe in children and did not result in any central skin loss. Aggressive bilateral surgery for invasive fungal disease is compatible with a good esthetic outcome and long-term survival.
Measurement of (5'R)- and (5'S)-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosines in DNA in vivo by liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry.

Abstract Oxidatively induced DNA lesions (5′ R )- and (5′ S )-8,5′-cyclo-2′-deoxyadenosines ( R -cdA and S -cdA) are detectable and accumulate in vivo due to disease states and defects in DNA repair. They block transcription and inhibit gene expression, and may play a role in disease processes. Accurate measurement of these lesions in DNA in vivo is necessary to understand their biological effects. We report on a methodology using liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry to measure R -cdA and S -cdA in DNA. This methodology permitted the detection of these compounds at a level of 0.1 fmol on-column. Levels of R -cdA and S -cdA in mouse liver DNA amounted to 0.133 ± 0.024 and 0.498 ± 0.065 molecules/10 7 DNA 2′-deoxynucleosides, respectively. The successful measurement of R -cdA and S -cdA in DNA in vivo suggests that this methodology will be used for understanding of their repair and biological consequences, and that these compounds may be used as putative biomarkers for disease states.
Structural insight into HIV-1 capsid recognition by rhesus TRIM5α

Tripartite motif protein isoform 5 alpha (TRIM5α) is a potent antiviral protein that restricts infection by HIV-1 and other retroviruses. TRIM5α recognizes the lattice of the retrovirus capsid through its B30.2 (PRY/SPRY) domain in a species-specific manner. Upon binding, TRIM5α induces premature disassembly of the viral capsid and activates the downstream innate immune response. We have determined the crystal structure of the rhesus TRIM5α PRY/SPRY domain that reveals essential features for capsid binding. Combined cryo-electron microscopy and biochemical data show that the monomeric rhesus TRIM5α PRY/SPRY, but not the human TRIM5α PRY/SPRY, can bind to HIV-1 capsid protein assemblies without causing disruption of the capsid. This suggests that the PRY/SPRY domain alone constitutes an important pattern-sensing component of TRIM5α that is capable of interacting with viral capsids of different curvatures. Our results provide molecular insights into the mechanisms of TRIM5α-mediated retroviral restriction.
Effect of hollow core on the rigidity of fine fibers

The principles of torsional and transverse vibrations have been utilized to measure the torsional and bending rigidities of fibers, respectively. A simple device, based on the principle of the torsional pendulum, has been designed to test regular and hollow staple fibers of fine denier. A vibroscope (interfaced with an oscilloscope) was used to measure the linear density of the fibers, and the results were used to calculate their torsional and bending rigidity properties. The effect of hollow core on the torsional and bending rigidities of the fibers is reported.
BOOTSTRAP OF THE SCALAR SECTOR IN TOP–ANTITOP SCATTERING AMPLITUDE

Based on the top-condensate model of Nambu and Bardeen et al., it is pointed out that a bootstrap of the scalar sector occurs in top–antitop scattering amplitude in that the ladder sum of Higgs pole exchange diagrams in one channel reproduces a Higgs pole in the crossed-channel. This result is exact whenever color flows simultaneously in both channel directions e.g. for Nc = 1. Solutions are obtained that are compatible with the condensate models such as the top-color models which imply large top-Yukawa couplings at the top mass.
Sustained-load and fatigue performance of a hybrid FRP-concrete bridge deck system

The design and construction of bridge systems with long-term durability and low maintenance requirements is a significant challenge for bridge engineers. One possible solution to this challenge could be through the use of new materials, e.g., fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, with traditional materials that are arranged as an innovative hybrid structural system where the FRP serves as a load-carrying constituent and a protective cover for the concrete. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation designed to evaluate the performance of a 3/4 scale hybrid FRP-concrete (HFRPC) bridge deck and composite connection under sustained and repeated (fatigue) loading. In addition, following the sustained-load and fatigue portions of the experimental study, destructive testing was performed to determine the first strength-based limit state of the hybrid deck. Results from the sustained-load and fatigue testing suggest that the HFRPC deck system might be a viable alternative to traditiona...
Off-peak storage size analysis

The purpose of this paper was to develop an analytical, easy to visualize solution to the problem of determining the optimal off-peak storage size. This has been done within the constraints stated. That is, no effort has been expended to define more efficient control systems, and changes in the efficiencies of an off-peak system with respect to system size have not been addressed. The method is certainly easy to visualize. The impacts of varying weather parameters, demand, and energy charges and capital costs are easily seen. More worthwhile work could be done in this area. Although this method can be used to determine the optimal storage size given parameters such as utility rates, whether parameters, etc., perhaps more important is the setting of appropriate utility rates in the first place. That is, this method could be used as part of a larger solution to the problem of understanding the dynamical relationships between setting utility rates, utility load curves, residential growth patterns, and storage sizing. Not considering this aspect of implementing off-peak storage systems may lead to an electric utility finding itself in the untenable position of having once offered on-peak/off-peak rate incentives, then subsequently finding its load curve leveled offmore » enough to make such rates no longer needed. If the incentives are maintained, problems such as night peaking may occur. If incentives are reduced, the economic motivation for the original system users may be eliminated. There are solutions to this problem, to be sure, but control of systems such as this can be tricky, particularly when the controller (utility rates in this case) is bandwidth limited.« less
DNA methyltransferase inhibition induces mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation into endothelial cells

Understanding endothelial cell (EC) differentiation is a step forward in tissue engineering, controlling angiogenesis, and endothelial dysfunction. We hypothesized that epigenetic activation of EC lineage specification genes is an important mediator of embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation into EC. Mouse ESC was differentiated by removing leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) from the maintenance media in the presence or absence of the specific DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (aza-dC). Expression of EC specification and marker genes was monitored by quantitative PCR, western, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry. Functionality of differentiated EC was assessed by angiogenesis assay. The methylation status in the proximal promoter CpGs of the mediators of EC differentiation VEGF-A, BMP4, and EPAS-1 as well as of the mature EC marker VE-cadherin was determined by bisulfite sequencing. ESC differentiation resulted in repression of OCT4 expression in both the absence and presence of aza-dC treatment. However, significant increase in angiogenesis and expression of the mediators of EC differentiation and EC-specific genes was only observed in aza-dC-treated cells. The DNMT inhibition-mediated increase in EC specification and marker gene expression was not associated with demethylation of these genes. These studies suggest that DNMT inhibition is an efficient inducer of EC differentiation from ESC.
The Weather Information and Skill Experiment (WISE): The Effect of Varying Levels of Information on Forecast Skill

Abstract The relationship between the quality and quantity of information available to meteorologists and the skill of their forecasts was investigated. Twelve meteorologists were asked to make probabilistic forecasts of significant and severe weather events under three information conditions. Forecast accuracy was generally low. As the amount and quality of the information increased substantially, there was a modest increase in the accuracy of the forecasts. However, the results suggest that the forecasters were least consistent when they had the most information to work with, partially reducing the benefits of the increased information.