cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Conserved Role for VEGF Signaling in Specification of Homologous Mesenchymal Cell Types Positioned at Spatially Distinct Developmental Addresses in Early Development of Sea Urchins.

Comparative studies of early development in echinoderms are revealing the tempo and mode of alterations to developmental gene regulatory networks and to the cell types they specify. In euechinoid sea urchins, skeletogenic mesenchyme (SM) ingresses prior to gastrulation at the vegetal pole and aligns into a ring-like array with two bilateral pockets of cells, the sites where spiculogenesis will later occur. In cidaroid sea urchins, the anciently diverged sister clade to euechinoid sea urchins, a homologous SM cell type ingresses later in development, after gastrulation has commenced, and consequently at a distinct developmental address. Thus, a heterochronic shift of ingression of the SM cell type occurred in one of the echinoid lineages. In euechinoids, specification and migration of SM are facilitated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. We describe spatiotemporal expression of vegf and vegfr and experimental manipulations targeting VEGF signaling in the cidaroid Eucidaris tribuloides. Spatially, vegf and vegfr mRNA localizes similarly as in euechinoids, suggesting conserved deployment in echinoids despite their spatially distinct development addresses of ingression. Inhibition of VEGF signaling in E. tribuloides suggests its role in SM specification is conserved in echinoids. Temporal discrepancies between the onset of vegf expression and SM ingression likely result in previous observations of SM “random wandering” behavior. Our results indicate that, although the SM cell type in echinoids ingresses into distinct developmental landscapes, it retains a signaling mechanism that restricts their spatial localization to a conserved developmental address where spiculogenesis later occurs.
Impact of Concrete Pavement Structural Response on Rolling Resistance and Vehicle Fuel Economy

Reduction in vehicle fuel consumption is one of the main benefits considered in technical and economic evaluations of road improvements. The study described in this paper investigated the increase in vehicle energy consumption caused by the structural response of a concrete pavement to a moving load. First, the day and night falling weight deflectometer deflection time histories were measured for three concrete sections; their mechanical characteristics were then backcalculated. Second, a finite element model (DYNASLAB) was used to determine the pavement structural response under moving load for all three sections under different wheel loading conditions (passenger car, SUV, and articulated truck), vehicle speeds, and temperatures. As the rolling wheels move forward, the local deflection basin caused by the delayed deformation of the subgrade and the rotation of the slab form a positive slope. The energy dissipated was calculated as the energy required for a rolling wheel to move uphill. Finally, the calo...
Group Contingencies to Increase Appropriate Behaviors in the Classroom: Tips for Success:

Group contingencies are effective classroom-based interventions that can be used to increase the academic engagement of students with disabilities. This article defines and outlines examples of dep...
Peptides as Targets and Carriers

The discovery of diverse neurohormonal and other biologically active peptides has increased interest in exploiting peptide mimetics as therapeutic drugs.1–4 The high potency, local synthesis/release and rapid in-activation of natural peptides can cause particular problems in designing synthetic drug molecules that are both selective and have reasonable duration of action. Selective drug targeting is usually achieved by specific agonist/antagonist activity for a particular cell surface receptor or by specific interaction with an enzyme active site on a peptidase, which in turn is involved in either activating or deactivating a biologically active peptide. Synthetic peptides also have utility in facilitating the selective uptake of other drug molecules into target tissues by exploiting permease specificities and in some cases the specific tissue localization of peptidases. These mechanisms will be discussed with examples of carrier peptides and peptides targeted on specific receptors. Particular comment will, however, also be made of the pharmacokinetic problems encountered with peptide drugs the route of drug administration, intestinal absorption, metabolic stability, target tissue distribution and renal vs. biliary excretion.
Color Patterning in Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae).

Among the hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), many species in the section Metastriata have intricate ornamentation on the scutum that is often used as a taxonomic character. However, the biological function(s) of this ornamentation remains unknown. Here, we summarize the main functions of color patterns recognized in the animal kingdom— thermoregulation, aposematism, camouflage, aggregation, mate recognition, and sexual signaling—and evaluate the potential of each of these to explain ornamentation in hard ticks. We also note the challenges and uncertainties involved in interpreting ornamentation in ticks as well as potential approaches for future research.
Latent Growth Curve and Repeated Measures ANOVA Contrasts: What the Models are Telling You

The relationship between the latent growth curve and repeated measures ANOVA models is often misunderstood. Although a number of investigators have looked into the similarities and differences among these models, a cursory reading of the literature can give the impression that they are very different models. Here we show that each model represents a set of contrasts on the occasion means. We demonstrate that the fixed effects parameters of the estimated basis vector latent growth curve model are merely a transformation of the repeated measures ANOVA fixed effects parameters. We further show that differences in fit in models that estimate the same means structure can be due to the different error covariance structures implied by the model. We show these relationships both algebraically and through using data from a simulation.
Abstract 12067: A Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) of the Early Repolarization Phenotype in BioVU Implicates Variants at 12q22

Introduction: Early repolarization (ER) is a common ECG finding that has previously been reported to be heritable (h 2 =0.49). When ER is localized to the inferior and/or lateral leads, there has been an association with unexplained sudden cardiac death. We tested the hypothesis that common genetic variation plays a role in its manifestation. Methods and Results: Cases (N=442) with inferolateral early repolarization, defined as ≥0.1-mV elevation of the J point or ST segment with notching or slurring in at least 2 inferior and/or lateral leads confirmed by physician review, were identified from the BioVU DNA biobank. Cases were genotyped with the Illumina Human Omni1M_Quad platform. Controls (N=2310) were selected from a cohort of individuals with normal ECGs in BioVU as determined by manual review and previously genotyped on the Illumina 660W-Quadv1 platform. A merged set of 332,624 SNPs common to both platforms was created. Logistic regression with the covariates of age and gender was performed separately for individuals self-reported to be Caucasian (260 cases; 1937 controls) and African-American (140; 228). Principle component analysis for the first eigenvector, an indicator of ancestry, was included as a covariate. Two linked SNPs (r 2 =0.76) at chr12q22 were associated with ER at genome-wide significance in self-reported Caucasians (P=1.62 x 10 -9 and P=6.33 x 10 -9 , respectively). The first SNP is located in the 3’-UTR of closest gene (found to be expressed in heart), while the second SNP is intergenic. No association was found among the African American subjects. Conclusion: This GWAS has identified the 12q22 region of self-reported Caucasians to be a possible modulator of malignant early repolarization on the electrocardiogram. The next steps are further replication followed by functional assessment.
Walton and Responsible Citizenship

In approaching complex issues or unusual people, academics invariably seek inspiration from sages of the past. In this respect, they have learned to abide by Oscar Wilde’s dictum that the only way to overcome temptation is to yield to it. In this instance, surrender leads to Aristotle, who remarked in his Politics that “if we take into account the good life, then … education and virtue have superior claims…. Above all, every state should be so administered and so regulated that its workers cannot possibly make money (from their office)…”1 Aristotle’s observations are particularly applicable to the first of the three scenarios that will subsequently be described—scenarios that relate to Clarence Walton’s involvement in policy matters related to local, state, and federal governments, respectively.
Short Range Order in Ag-Mg Alloys

We have calculated the electronic structure in a series of disordered Ag Mg alloys. We find that there are well-defined, parallel regions of Fermi surface in the 〈110〉 directions that can give rise to concentration waves (as first proposed by Gyorffy and Stocks in Cu-Pd alloys). We show that the vector spanning such regions is directly related to the positions of satellite peaks observed in the electron diffuse scattering and that the calculated variation of the peak splittings with Mg content is in excellent agreement with the experimentally measured values.
Microstructure Characterization of Electrodeposited Nickel Tested at High Strain Rates

A newly developed micro-kolsy bar system at the Army Research Laboratory has made it possible to test materials in compression at strain rates greater than 104 s−1. Opening up a new realm for testing of materials at high strain rates. In order to reach these high strain rates, sample diameters must be on the order of tens to hundreds of microns. Fabrication of these micro-samples is done using a femtosecond laser, since the ultrashort pulse width of this laser does not produce any appreciable damage layer. The high strain rate (103–105 s−1) behavior and resulting microstructure of electrodeposited nickel was investigated using this micro-kolsy bar system. The microstructure of the as-deposited and tested samples was examined with electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Tested samples show evidence of dynamic recrystallization and formation of a large number fraction of high angle, Σ3 boundaries.
Non-Advice for Art Educators Engaging LGBTQ Issues

Every day in the hallways and classrooms of American schools, students go about their days trying to and often making sense of the myriad issues and encounters they face as individuals coming into ...
Resource Well-Being among Family Child Care Business Owners

Family child care, a paid child care service operated out of a care provider’s home, is a common child care choice for working parents. While studies show positive associations between providers’ income and care quality, little is known about their resource management and perceived resource well-being. Using surveys and interviews, this study explored the association between household income and overall perceived resource well-being among seven family child care providers in the Los Angeles, California area. The surveys offered providers’ demographic information and characteristics about their child care businesses. The analysis of the interview data identified four resource well-being themes regarding perceptions about: past and present economic situations, demands on time, contributions providers’ family members make to support the business functions, and quality and availability of community resources. The findings suggest household income predicts little about how providers perceive their overall resource well-being. Understanding income as only a part of resource management may better elucidate links between income and child care quality. Discussions include implications for financial counselors and planners.
Displacement and strain measurement up to 1000 °C using a hollow coaxial cable Fabry-Perot resonator

A hollow coaxial cable Fabry-Perot resonator for displacement and strain measurement up to 1000 °C is presented here. Inspired by optical fiber Fabry-Perot interferometers, a Fabry-Perot resonator is implemented on a homemade hollow coaxial cable by introducing two highly-reflective reflectors along the cable. By tracking the shift of the amplitude reflection spectrum of the microwave resonator, the displacement and strain can be determined. The displacement measurement experiment showed the sensor could function properly up to 1000 °C. The sensor was also employed to measure the thermal strain of a steel plate during the heating process from 100 to 900 °C.
Generational Differences in the Workplace

Many sources from the popular press as well as the academic literature have postulated that there exist meaningful generational differences between individuals in today’s workforce. Better understanding of these generational differences of colleagues can lead to better recruitment, retention, succession management, communication, employee engagement and conflict resolution (Dencker, Joshi & Martocchio, 2008). The purpose of this conceptual paper is to review the literature on generational differences by discussing the importance of generational differences, theoretical implications, the cohorts in the current workforce, and to offer hypotheses that will retest the predicted stereotypes of the different generational cohorts.
O Estado plurinacional e o sistema plurijurídico: um avanço no desenvolvimento da sociedade Latinoamericana

The Latin American constitutional scenario demonstrated to the European and American world the possibility of achieving a new social and political rationality, especially with regard to the decisions of the State. The democracy of the plurinational state goes beyond the majority representative mechanisms, providing an increasing space for the institutionalized instruments of consensus building. The purpose of this article is to present the evolution of the vision of modernity, highlighted by the social construction of the State, where the constitutions and the movements of change emerge in a modern setting in the search for the assimilation of the diverse in the Latin American scenario through the plurinational State and the plurijuridical system. The methodology used is the phenomenological one, stating the facts for, from the same, to weave explanatory possibilities with the potential to provide a comprehensive picture of the reality that is tried to cover. It is concluded that there are many improvements and advances to be achieved, starting from a struggle already initiated by the decolonialism and titled as a democratic social advance. Political interests, at many moments in the history of Latin America, have overlapped collective interests, especially the native peasant indigenous population, but must be overcome so that the Pluralist content has fullness in its intention of collectively.
Biphenyl structure and its impact on the macromolecular structure of lignin: A critical review

Biphenyl linkage is the second most abundant linkage in softwood lignin; the β-O-4′ linkage being the most abundant linkage. That about 20–28% of monolignols are linked by biphenyl linkage has been...
Evaluation of an Activity Tracker to Detect Seizures Using Machine Learning.

Currently, the tracking of seizures is highly subjective, dependent on qualitative information provided by the patient and family instead of quantifiable seizure data. Usage of a seizure detection ...
Chronic Kidney Disease as Risk Factor for Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Patients With Stroke and Relation to Racial Group.

Background and Purpose: Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) are considered subclinical markers of small vessel disease, associated with increased risk of stroke and dementia. Increasing evidence li...
Episodic Memory Can Replace Active Storage in Visual Working Memory

Humans have remarkable episodic long-term memory abilities, capable of storing thousands of objects with significant detail. However, it remains unknown how such episodic memory is utilized during the short-term maintenance of information. Specifically, if people have an episodic memory for an item, how does this affect subsequent working memory for that same item? Here, we demonstrate that under these conditions people can quickly and accurately make use of episodic memory and therefore maintain less information in working memory. We assessed how much information is maintained in working memory by measuring neural activity during the delay period of a working memory task using electroencephalography. We find that despite maintaining less information in working memory when episodic memory representations are available, there is no decrement in memory performance. This suggests people can dynamically disengage working memory and instead use episodic memory when episodic memory is available. However, this does not mean that participants always utilize episodic memory when it is available. In a follow-up experiment, we introduced additional perceptual interference into working memory and found participants actively stored items in working memory even when they had existing episodic memories of those items. These results clarify the conditions under which episodic and working memory operate. Specifically, working memory is engaged when new information is encountered or perceptual interference is high. Episodic memory is otherwise rapidly accessed and utilized in lieu of working memory. These data demonstrate the interactions between working memory and episodic memory are more dynamic and fluid than previously thought.
On forcespinning of nonlinear rotating jets of viscoelastic Boger fluids

Abstract We consider forcespinning (FS) of nonlinear three-dimensional rotating viscoelastic jets of Boger fluids and in the presence of gravity effect. In FS process, a fluid jet is forced through an orifice of a rotating spinneret leading to the formation of a curved jet. Applying the upper-convected Maxwell constitutive model for the stress tensor part of the governing non-Newtonian jet system and using scaling and perturbation methods, we develop a model for the jet system. We determine the nonlinear solutions for the jet quantities such as the radius, speed, stretching force, compressive force, tensile force and the jet centerline, and we calculate these quantities for different values of the jet arc length and the parameters representing rotation, viscoelasticity, gravity, surface tension and polymer viscosity. We find that the effects of rotation, relaxation time, gravity and three-dimensionality of the modeling system on the jet of Boger fluid can be significant. Beyond a very short distance from the jet exit, the jet speed, tensile force, stretching force and the jet curvature are notably increased and the jet radius is much reduced with increasing the viscoelasticity, rotation rate and the jet arc length. Strong tensile force or stretching force corresponds to weak compressive force and very thin jet of Boger fluid.
Maintenance energy requirement and efficiency of utilisation of metabolisable energy for milk production of Bos taurus × Bos indicus crossbred tropical dairy cows: a meta-analysis

Context Dairy consumption has the ability to provide nutrient dense food in low-income countries. However, cows in the tropics may not be able to reach their full potential due to poor nutrition. In tropical regions, milk is mostly produced by Bos taurus × Bos indicus crossbred cattle for which no nutrient requirement tables have been fully developed. Although many novel feeds and feed additives have been tested, nutrient requirements specifically targeting energy and protein for these livestock need to be estimated accurately for milk production to increase sustainably. Aims To determine the net energy for lactation (NEL) requirement for maintenance and efficiency of utilisation of metabolisable energy intake (MEI) for milk production (kL) of Bos taurus × Bos indicus crossbred dairy cows in the tropics. Methods A meta-analysis using 141 observations from 38 independent studies in tropical regions with crossbred dairy cows was conducted. The energy produced in milk corrected for zero energy balance (EL0) was regressed by MEI including other covariates. This meta-regression analysis was conducted by frequentist inference via optimisation in RStan. Key results The best-fit model contained only MEI as a covariate. This model predicted a net energy for lactation value at maintenance of 0.323 MJ/kg BW0.75.day (s.e. = 0.0004) with variations for each specific study. The efficiency with which MEI is used for milk production was estimated to be 0.554 (s.e. = 0.00008), which was common for all studies. Conclusion The key energy parameters estimated in this study should replace commonly used values derived from Bos taurus breeds when formulating diets for crossbred tropical cattle. Implications Nutritional requirement tables need to be estimated specifically for Bos taurus × Bos indicus crossbred dairy cows as their requirements differ from Western breeds. Using appropriate nutritional requirements of crossbred cattle would lead to better nutrition and increased production as determined by their genetic merit.
A comparison of approaches to identify live births using the medicaid analytic extract

Medicaid claims are an important, but underutilized source of data for neonatal health services research in the United States. However, identifying live births in Medicaid claims data is challenging due to variation in coding practices by state and year. Methods of identifying live births in Medicaid claims data have not been validated, and it is not known which methods are most appropriate for different research questions. The objective of this study is to describe and validate five approaches to identifying births using Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) from 45 states (2006–2014). We calculated total number of MAX births by state-year using five definitions: (1) any claim within 30 days of birth date listed in personal summary (PS) file, (2) any claim within 7 days of PS birth date, (3) live birth ICD-9 in inpatient or other therapies file, (4) live birth ICD-9 code in inpatient file, (5) live birth ICD-9 in inpatient file with matching PS birth date. We then compared the number of MAX births by state and year to expected counts using outside data sources. Definition 1 identified the most births (14,189,870) and was closest to total expected count (98.3%). Each definition produced over- and underestimates compared to expected counts for given state-years. Findings suggest that the broadest definition of live births (Definition 1) was closest to expected counts, but that the most appropriate definition depends on research question and state-years of interest.
Structure and dispersion of exciton-trion-polaritons in two-dimensional materials: Experiments and theory

The nature of trions and their interaction with light has remained a puzzle. The composition and dispersion of polaritons involving trions provide insights into this puzzle. Trions and excitons in doped two-dimensional (2D) materials are not independent excitations but are strongly coupled as a result of Coulomb interactions. When excitons in doped 2D materials are also strongly coupled with light inside an optical waveguide, the resulting polariton states are coherent superpositions of exciton, trion, and photon states. We realize these exciton-trion-polaritons by coupling an electron-doped monolayer of 2D material ${\mathrm{MoSe}}_{2}$ to the optical mode in a photonic crystal waveguide. Our theoretical model, based on a many-body description of these polaritons, reproduces the measured polariton energy band dispersion and Rabi splittings with excellent accuracy. Our work sheds light on the structure of trion states in 2D materials and also on the indirect mechanism by which they interact with light.
Task Selection and Route Planning for Mobile Crowd Sensing Using Multi-Population Mean-Field Games

With the increasing deployment of mobile vehicles, such as mobile robots and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), it is foreseen that they will play an important role in mobile crowd sensing (MCS). Specifically, mobile vehicles equipped with sensors and computing devices are able to collect massive data due to their fast and flexible mobility in MCS systems. In this paper, we consider a mobile vehicle-based MCS system where vehicles owned by different operators or individuals compete against others for limited sensing resources. We investigate the joint task selection and route planning problem for such an MCS system. However, since the structural complexity and computational complexity of the original problem is very high, we propose a multi-population Mean-Field Game (MFG) problem by simplifying the interaction between vehicles as a distribution over their strategy space, known as the mean-field term. To solve the multi-population MFG problem efficiently, we propose a G-prox primal-dual hybrid gradient method (PDHG) algorithm whose computational complexity is independent of the number of vehicles. Numerical results show that the proposed multi-population MFG scheme and algorithm are of effectiveness and efficiency.
The Ottoman Empire, 1700-1922

The Ottoman Empire was one of the most important non-Western states to survive from medieval to modern times, and played a vital role in European and global history. It continues to affect the peoples of the Middle East, the Balkans and central and western Europe to the present day. This new survey examines the major trends during the latter years of the empire; it pays attention to gender issues and to hotly-debated topics such as the treatment of minorities. In this second edition, Donald Quataert has updated his lively and authoritative text, revised the bibliographies, and included brief biographies of major figures on the Byzantines and the post Ottoman Middle East. This accessible narrative is supported by maps, illustrations and genealogical and chronological tables, which will be of help to students and non-specialists alike. It will appeal to anyone interested in the history of the Middle East.
Dppa3 / Pgc7 / stella is a maternal factor and is not required for germ cell specification in mice

Background: In mice, germ cells are specified through signalling between layers of cells comprising the primitive embryo. The function of Dppa3 (also known as Pgc7 or stella), a gene expressed in primordial germ cells at the time of their emergence in gastrulating embryos, is unknown, but a recent study has claimed that it plays a central role in germ cell specification. Results: To test Dppa3's role in germ cell development, we disrupted the gene in mouse embryonic stem cells and generated mutant animals. We were able to obtain viable and fertile Dppa3-deficient animals of both sexes. Examination of embryonic and adult germ cells and gonads in Dppa3-deficient animals did not reveal any defects. However, most embryos derived from Dppa3-deficient oocytes failed to develop normally beyond the four-cell stage. Conclusion: We found that Dppa3 is an important maternal factor in the cleavage stages of mouse embryogenesis. However, it is not required for germ cell specification.
Hierarchical warp stereo

Abstract : This paper describes a new technique for use in the automatic production of digital terrain models from stereo pairs of aerial images. This technique employs a coarse-to-fine hierarchical control structure both for global constraint propagation and for efficiency. By the use of disparity estimates from coarser levels of the hierarchy one of the images is geometrically warped to improve the performance of the cross-correlation- based matching operator. A newly developed surface interpolation algorithm is used to fill holes wherever the matching operator fails. Experimental results for the Phoenix Mountain Park data set are presented and compared with those obtained by ETL.
Optimal PSO for collective robotic search applications

Unmanned vehicles/mobile robots are of particular interest in target tracing applications since there are many areas where a human cannot explore. Different means of control have been investigated for unmanned vehicles with various algorithms like genetic algorithms, evolutionary computations, neural networks etc. This work presents the application of particle swarm optimization (PSO) for collective robotic search. The performance of the PSO algorithm depends on various parameters called quality factors and these parameters are determined using a secondary PSO. Results are presented to show that the performance of PSO algorithm and search is improved for a single and multiple target searches.
Double Bilayers and Transmembrane Gradients: A Molecular Dynamics Study of a Highly Charged Peptide

The position and extent of movement of a charged peptide within a membrane bilayer provides much controversy. In our study, we have examined the nature of the highly charged helix-turn-helix motif (S3b and S4) to address how a highly charged peptide is stabilized within a bilayer in the presence of various transmembrane electrical potentials. Our double-bilayer simulation results show how the variation of the salt concentrations between the inner and outer bath establishes a transmembrane potential. Our results also show that important features of the peptide affected by changes in electrical potential are the center of mass depth, the swivel/kink degrees of conformation, and the hydrogen-bonding patterns. As the voltage gradient across the bilayer increased, the center of mass of the peptide shifted in a direction toward the outer bath. The peptide also has a higher percent helical content and the swivel/kink conformation is more rigid for nonpolarized systems where no voltage drop occurred between salt baths. Our results also provide some suggestions for how this domain may be affected by environmental changes as part of the voltage sensor in a K-channel.
Influence of Temperature Difference on Front End Bending in Hot Slab Rolling

Front end bending often occurs in the heavy plate mills and roughing stands, which reduce productivity efficiency and the quality of the plates considerably. The effect of temperature difference between top and bottom surfaces of slab and reduction ratio on front end bending was investigated by 3D FEM and the mathematical model was induced. The hexahedral mesh was generated by HyperMesh and embed into the DEFORM system. The results show that the temperature difference leads to the asymmetric distribution of equivalent stress, strain and strain rate in the deformation zone. With the increment of temperature difference and reduction ratio the slab head bends more significant. Additionally, the slab front end perhaps bends to higher temperature side in double phase rolling because of resistance of deformation with different phase. Reducing temperature difference, reducing reduction ratio and avoiding double phase rolling is benificial to reduce front end bending in hot slab rolling.
Tidal nitrogen exchanges across a freshwater wetland succession gradient in the upper Cooper River, South Carolina

Tidal freshwater sections of the Cooper River Estuary (South Carolina) include extensive wetlands, which were formerly impounded for rice culture during the 1,700s and 1,800s. Most of these former rice fields are now open to tidal exchange and have developed into productive wetlands that vary in bottom topography, tidal hydrography and vegetation dominants. The purpose of this project was to quantify nitrogen (N) transport via tidal exchange between the main estuarine channel and representative wetland types and to relate exchange patterns to the succession of vegetation dominants. We examined N concentration and mass exchange at the main tidal inlets for the three representative wetland types (submerged aquatic vegetation [SAV], floating leaf vegetation, and intertidal emergent marsh) over 18-21 tidal cycles (July 1998–August 2000). Nitrate + nitrite concentrations were significantly lower during ebb flow at all study sites, suggesting potential patterns of uptake by all wetland types. The magnitude of nitrate decline during ebb flow was negatively correlated with oxygen concentration, reflecting the potential importance of denitrification and nitrate reduction within hypoxic wetland waters and sediments. The net tidal exchange of nitrate + nitrite was particularly consistent for the intertidal emergent marsh, where flow-weighted ebb concentrations were usually 18–40% lower than during flood tides. Seasonal patterns for the emergent marsh indicated higher rates of nitrate + nitrite uptake during the spring and summer (> 400 μmol N m-2 tide-1) with an annual mean uptake of 248 ± 162 μmol m–2 tide–1. The emergent marsh also removed ammonium through most of the year (207 ± 109 μmol m–2 tide–1), and exported dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in the fall (1,690 ± 793 μmol m–2 tide–1), suggesting an approximate annual balance between the dissolved inorganic N uptake and DON export. The other wetland types (SAV and floating leaf vegetation) were less consistent in magnitude and direction of N exchange. Since the emergent marsh site had the highest bottom elevation and the highest relative cover of intertidal habitat, these results suggest that the nature of N exchange between the estuarine waters and bordering wetlands is affected by wetland morphometry, tidal hydrography, and corresponding vegetation dominants. With the recent diversion of river discharge, water levels in the upper Cooper estuary have dropped more than 10 cm, leading to a succession of wetland communities from subtidal habitats toward more intertidal habitats. Results of this study suggest that current trends of wetland succession in the upper Cooper River may result in higher rates of system-wide inorganic N removal and DON inputs by the growing distributions of intertidal emergent marshes.
Microstructure of binary silver borate glasses and estimation of electronic conductivity by the polarization method

Abstract Studies pertinent to the total electrical conductivity, ionic and electronic conductivities, microscopic observation and emf measurement were made for the glasses of the system x Ag 2 O·(100− x ) B 2 O 3 ( x = 22, 27 and 38 mol%). The temperature dependence of the total electrical conductivity for all glasses exhibited a linearity against 1/ T , indicating that the ionic conductivity prevails over electronic conductivity in the present glass system. Electronic conductivity was estimated by a polarization method and was found to be two to three orders of magnitude smaller than the total electrical conductivity. Crystalline diffraction rings were observed in the microstructure of glasses by electron diffraction measurement, which indicated the presence of metallic silver. The higher the Ag 2 O content in the glass, the larger the diameter of the silver particles. The electronic conduction of these glasses probably depends on the microstructure, which causes deposition of metallic silver particles.
Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia associated with Marfan syndrome

We report a 37-year-old woman with Marfan syndrome (MFS) who presented with acute myelopathy secondary to a subdural spinal hematoma. The patient died of a subarachnoid hemorrhage 4 days later. Autopsy showed a markedly ectatic vertebrobasilar system with fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina. Microscopic examination of the aorta similarly showed a fragmented internal elastic lamina. We discuss the implications of our patient's early onset vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia; this intracranial disease represents a rare cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage in MFS.
Comparison of two depression inventories: an examination of construct validity.

Summary.-The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between two measures of depression and to compare scores of highly physically fit distance runners. 100 subjects, including 25 women, were administered the Profile of Mood States to measure stares and the Zung Depression Scale to measure depression. Subjects were below the norms for the Profile but not for the Zung. A correlation of .92 (i = 85.5) between scores was noted for the 25 women, while less variance was explained for the men (T = .645, i = 41.6). Despite participation in regular exercise, depression scores greater than 40 were obtained by 7 men and 5 women, indicating chat regular exercisers are not immune to depression. A number of studies have focused specifically on the effect of exercise on depression. Most follow one of two approaches, a description of the psychological differences between subjects who exercise regularly and subjects who do not and reduction of depression with regular exercise regime. Most studies have employed a single depression or mood scale (lo), and many different psychological inventories (Thematic Apperception Test, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, and the Profile of Mood States have been used to measure depression. The many inventories pose a dilemma for sport researchers because each measures a specific aspect of depression. Depression has different meanings to different psychologists, so measurements vary (3). Rarely cited in sport research are comparisons of scores on inventories designed to measure depression defined similarly in each case. Research comparing scores on depression inventories can give estimates of construct validity of the inventories and assist in the selection of inventories for study. The scores on two depression inventories, the Profile of Mood States and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (13), were examined for that purpose. Since running has been shown to be psychologically beneficial to normal populations, similar benefits might be obtained for depressed subjects also. Literature on exercise and depression suggest that physical changes resulting from training may reduce depression in persons who suffer from depression
Cycling coal and natural gas-fired power plants with CCS

The profitability impacts of solvent storage are modeled for new coal and natural gas-fired power plants with amine and ammonia-based post-combustion CCS facing variable electricity prices. With perfect information of future prices, up to 3 hours of solvent storage was valuable due to price volatility at carbon prices up to $40/tonne CO2 and no regenerator undersize. With imperfect information with relaxed constraints on regenerator undersizing, up to 8 hours of solvent storage was valuable when coupled with an undersized CO2 capture system at carbon prices up to $60/tonne CO2. The results indicate that storage does not have value above the breakeven CO2 price for these plants. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of GHGT
Nuclear structure calculations for the 2− (β)2+ (γ)0+ decays of Rb86 and Rb84

Abstract Starting with the nuclear shell model, a calculation is performed for the non-relativistic nuclear matrix elements in the first-forbidden beta-decays of Rb86 into Sr86 and Rb84 into Kr84. In particular the ratios q≡ |∫iB ij | 2 |∫iB ij | 0 , w≡− ∫(− iσ· r ) (∫iB ij ) 2 x≡− C v ∫i r C A (∫iB ij ) 2 u≡− ∫σ× r (∫iB ij ) 2 are evaluated and compared with experimental data for the 2− → 2+ → 0+ decay sequence. If a particle-surface interaction is assumed to cause the necessary admixtures, satisfactory agreement with the data is obtained (including the signs of w, x and u). It is concluded that the 2+ states of Sr86 and Kr84 cannot be understood in terms of two-particle excitations, or in terms of a purely collective picture, but show features of an intermediate description.
Endocannabinoid metabolism in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia

Adolescent cannabis use is associated with greater relative risk, increased symptom severity, and earlier age of onset of schizophrenia. We investigated whether this interaction may be partly attributable to disease-related disturbances in metabolism of the major cortical endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Transcript levels for the recently discovered 2-AG metabolizing enzyme, α-β-hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6), were assessed using quantitative PCR in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia and healthy subjects (n=84) and antipsychotic- or tetrahydrocannabinol-exposed monkeys. ABHD6 mRNA levels were elevated in schizophrenia subjects who were younger and had a shorter illness duration but not in antipsychotic- or tetrahydrocannabinol-exposed monkeys. Higher ABHD6 mRNA levels may increase 2-AG metabolism which may influence susceptibility to cannabis in the earlier stages of schizophrenia.
Boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux in high-speed rotating liquid films

Abstract Boiling heat transfer measurements were obtained with water films in radial rotating channels. The boiling curve was found to resemble that for pool boiling of water. The critical heat flux (CHF) increased with pressure as well as rotational speed. A CHF model based upon the balance between the Coriolis forces and the vapor drag acting upon drops formed from the shattered film is presented. It facilitates the successful correlation of the data using a single empirical constant.
Submillimeter laser wavelength tables

Tables are presented that list submillimeter laser lines observed in the optical pumping of molecular gases with CO2 laser radiation. The lines have been obtained from previous publications by various authors and are in the wavelength range from 34 μm to 1.965 mm. One table lists, for each gas, the submillimeter wavelengths observed, the line of the CO2 pump laser, references to the literature, and, where available, the polarization and power of the submillimeter laser and the power of the CO2 pump laser. A second table lists all the observed laser wavelengths in numerical order together with the gas in which each line was observed. These tables should be useful to researchers working with submillimeter lasers.
An Assessment of National Weather Service Warning Procedures for Ice Storms

Abstract Ice storms cause substantial damage to the United States every winter season, and the costs have increased in recent years. Accurate prediction and timely dissemination of warnings are effective ways to reduce the effects, because institutions and individuals can take actions to reduce the impacts. The National Weather Service (NWS) is the U.S. government agency charged with issuing warnings of impending ice storms. A survey of NWS warning coordination meteorologists was conducted to assess their awareness of the ice storm hazard, procedures followed to warn for ice storms, and level of contact with members of the community. Several warnings issued in advance of a recent ice storm were also examined. The findings of this research are twofold. First, most meteorologists with the NWS perceive the ice storm hazard with a level of seriousness consistent with climatology. Most follow established procedure and actively engage in warning specific groups before a storm. The second finding was that indivi...
Proteomics of herpes simplex virus infected cell protein 27: association with translation initiation factors

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) immediate early ICP27 protein plays an essential role in stimulating viral early and late gene expression. ICP27 appears to be multifunctional in that it has been reported to stimulate viral late gene transcription, polyadenylation site usage, and RNA export. We report here on proteomic studies involving immunoprecipitation of ICP27 and mass spectrometric identification of co-precipitated proteins. These studies show an association of ICP27 with the cellular translation initiation factors poly A binding protein (PABP), eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3), and eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) in infected cells. Immunoprecipitation-western blot studies confirmed these associations. Finally, purified MBP-tagged ICP27 (MBP-27) can interact with eIF3 subunits p47 and p116 in vitro. These results suggest that ICP27 may also play a role in stimulating translation of certain viral and host mRNAs and/or in inhibiting host mRNA translation.
Asplenia syndrome in a child with a balanced reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 11 and 20 [46,XX,t(11;20)(q13.1;q13.13)].

We present a 6-year-old girl with a balanced 11;20 translocation [46,XX,t(11;20)(q13.1;q13.13)pat], asplenia, pulmonic stenosis, Hirschsprung disease, minor anomalies, and mental retardation. This case represents the second report of an individual with situs abnormalities and a balanced chromosome rearrangement involving a breakpoint at 11q13. Segregation analysis of markers in the 11q13 region in the proposita and her phenotypically normal carrier sibs did not show a unique combination of maternal and paternal alleles in the patient. We discuss several possible explanations for the simultaneous occurrence of situs abnormalities and a balanced 11;20 translocation. These include (1) chance, (2) a further chromosome rearrangement in the patient, (3) gene disruption and random situs determination, and (4) gene disruption plus transmission of a recessive or imprinted allele from the mother. 30 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs.
Studies on the Composition of the Ruminal Flora and Fauna of Young Calves

Summary A study was made of the bacteria and protozoa present in the rumen of three calves from 1 to 13 wk. of age, raised under normal conditions. Ciliate protozoa were not established in these calves. A study of older calves in contact with mature animals after 13 wk. of age indicated that entodinia were first established, followed by diplodinia and holotrichs. Total anaerobic bacterial counts were somewhat higher for the calves than for mature animals. Counts of cellulolytic bacteria were similar to those of a mature animal when calves were 3 wk. old and were quite high even at 1 wk. Lactate-fermenting bacteria were present in high numbers at from 1 to 3 wk. of age, but declined to numbers similar to those of the adult at 9 to 13 wk. Bacteria capable of growth under aerobic conditions and coliforms were highest in numbers when calves were 1 and 3 wk. of age. Even at 13 wk. these counts were higher than those of the adult. Detailed studies of strains of predominant bacteria revealed 21 different groups that could be grouped on the basis of their occurrence in animals of different ages. The predominant bacteria found in 1- to 3-wk.-old calves were mainly different from those of mature cattle. When calves were 6 wk. of age many groups of bacteria typical of mature animals were found, but several groups not found in mature animals remained. At 9 and 13 wk. of age, bacteria isolated were mainly those typical of mature animals. That the rumen is physiologically well-adapted for the development of its flora at a very early age is suggested by the following similarities between week-old calves and adults. Most bacteria were nonspore-forming strict anaerobes and higher counts were obtained in rumen fluid agar than in a trypticase-soy agar. Some predominant groups of bacteria were similar, and cellulolytic counts were relatively high in calves, even though milk and straw bedding were the only foods available.
Patient choice as a driver of medication-switching in non-adherent individuals with bipolar disorder.

Objective Psychotropic-related weight gain is a common concern among patients with bipolar disorder (BD). This concern affects satisfaction with treatment and may lead to non-adherence and relapse. This was a 12-week, uncontrolled prospective trial of patient-choice–facilitated ziprasidone switching among non-adherent BD patients with weight concerns. This study was conducted from January 2011 to July 2012.