cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bone and Soft Tissue Cytology

Cytopathologic diagnosis of bone and soft tissue tumors is unquestionably challenging. Some of the tumors are rare, tumors with markedly disparate behavior may resemble each other to a striking degree (such as a schwannoma with degenerative atypia and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor), and the complex categorization of these tumors continues to evolve. Fortunately, cytopathologic examination does not proceed in a vacuum: the patient’s clinical history and imaging findings can narrow the differential significantly. Moreover, immunocytochemistry and molecular genetic testing can be performed on cytologic specimens and enable a more specific diagnosis. Molecular genetic based tests such as fluorescent in situ hybridization, PCR and high throughput sequencing are increasingly deployed in bone and soft tissue tumor diagnosis, and cytology specimens are often ideal for such tests.
Interactive Digital e-Health Game for Heart Failure Self-Management: A Feasibility Study.

Abstract Objective: To develop and test the prototype of a serious digital game for improving community-dwelling older adults' heart failure (HF) knowledge and self-management behaviors. The serious game innovatively incorporates evidence-based HF guidelines with contemporary game technology. Materials and Methods: The study included three phases: development of the game prototype, its usability assessment, and evaluation of the game's functionality. Usability testing included researchers' usability assessment, followed by research personnel's observations of participants playing the game, and participants' completion of a usability survey. Next, in a pretest–post-test design, validated instruments—the Atlanta Heart Failure Knowledge Test and the Self Care for Heart Failure Index—were used to measure improvement in HF self-management knowledge and behaviors related to HF self-maintenance, self-management, and self-efficacy, respectively. A postgame survey assessed participants' perceptions of the game. Re...
Overview of Behavioral Assessment with Children

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the definition of child behavioral assessment (CBA) that incorporates the recent conceptual advances and examines the trends in behavioral assessment from that perspective. It then reviews the recent history of CBA and highlights the current trends. Contemporary CBA can be thought of as involving two distinct, but potentially complementary approaches to hypothesis testing. One approach involves assigning individuals to categories (that is, establishing differential diagnosis and comorbidity). The other approach, described as functional assessment involves identifying environmental influences on behavior (broadly construed, for many, as including organismic variables). This sense of the term diagnosis can also be understood as a problem-solving analysis. This chapter argues that CBA is a multidimensional approach to data collection and analysis, in which a range of procedures is used to facilitate clinical decision making for children or groups of children. It suggests that diagnostic and functional assessment constitute two different but potentially complementary approaches to clinical decision making. Outcome evaluation can be used to measure the clinical utility of diagnostic or functional assessment or, more generally, to assess behavioral interventions or systems of care designed for children. Current trends in public policy and health care suggest that outcome evaluation will become an increasingly important subtype of behavioral assessment in the years ahead.
Strontium-releasing fluorapatite glass-ceramics: Crystallization behavior, microstructure, and solubility

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of strontium partial replacement for calcium on the crystallization behavior, microstructure and solubility of fluorapatite glass-ceramics. Four glass compositions were prepared with increasing amounts of strontium partially replacing calcium. The crystallization behavior was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical solubility was quantified according to ISO standard 10993-14. The amount of strontium released in solution after incubation in TRIS-HCl or citric acid buffer was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. XRD analyses revealed that partially substituted strontium-fluorapatite and strontium-akermanite crystallized after strontium additions. The lattice cell volume of both phases increased linearly with the amount of strontium in the composition. Strontium additions led to a reduction in crystal size and an increase in crystal number density. The chemical solubility and amount of strontium released in solution increased linearly with the amount of strontium present in the composition in both TRIS-HCl and citric acid buffers. Total amounts of strontium released reached a maximum of 547 ± 80 ppm in TRIS-HCl and 1252 ± 290 ppm in citric acid buffer for the glass composition with the highest amount of strontium. For all strontium-containing compositions, the amount released in TRIS-HCl continued to increase between 70 and 120 h, indicating sustained release rather than burst release. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomater Res Part B, 2017.
Youth’s Causal Beliefs About Success: Socioeconomic Differences and Prediction of Early Career Development

Youth's career attainment is associated with socioeconomic background, but may also be related to their beliefs about causes of success. Relationships between 17-year-olds' socioeconomic status (SES) and causal beliefs about success, and whether these beliefs predict career attainment after completing a vocational or university degree were examined using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (n = 997, 48.5% female). Youth with higher SES parents and those who attended higher levels of high schools were less likely to believe that success in society is due to external causes, but SES was unrelated to the belief that success is due to personal merit or ability. Youth who believe that success is due to external causes attained lower income, occupational prestige, and job autonomy, and slower increases in income over time. There were also significant indirect effects of youth's parents' SES and their own high school levels on career attainment through such external causal beliefs; merit beliefs, by contrast, were largely unrelated to career attainment. These results suggest that beliefs about external causes of success may uniquely contribute to the transmission and maintenance of SES across generations and over time.
The Bathonian-callovian Boundary in the Middle Jurassic Sediments of Jaisalmer Basin, Western Rajasthan

StrictIy localized collection of ammonites has helped demarcate the Bathonian-Callovian boundary in the Middle Jurassic outcrop of the Kuldhar section (Jaisalmer Basin). Latest Bathonian age has been assigned to the association of Sivajiceras congener (Waagen) [M] and Macrocephalites triangularis Spath [M] recorded from the lower "beds" of the Kuldhar Member ("bed" 4), facilitating the placement of the Bathonian-Callovian boundary between "beds" 4 and 5
An Integrative Approach: Relational Cultural Theory and Cognitive Behavior Therapy in College Counseling

This article presents an integrative framework for using cognitive behavior therapy through the lens of relational cultural theory. The authors provide an overview of cognitive behavior therapy and relational cultural theory, followed by suggestions on how to facilitate cognitive behavior therapy using the principles of relational cultural theory in college counseling. A case illustration is used to demonstrate the integration of cognitive behavior therapy and relational cultural theory.
A Study of Alternative Catalysts and Analysis Methods for Biodiesel Production

This project aims to develop a cost efficient process for biodiesel production and can be divided in three main components: 1) production of biodiesel from a variety of fuel stocks using liquid morpholine as catalyst; 2) production of biodiesel using a homogeneous phase transfer catalyst; and 3) development of a method for using Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) to determine the extent of conversion of oil to biodiesel. The production of biodiesel from various fuel stocks in the presence of methanol using liquid morpholine as catalyst reduces the problems related to purification of the biodiesel since morpholine can be recovered by distillation. Furthermore the use of two homogeneous phase transfer catalyst, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) and choline hydroxide (CH), was evaluated. The advantage of using these catalysts is that it allows for a better separation between the fuel and glycerin, thus additionally simplifying the purification procedure. Finally, this project endeavored to develop a way to use FT-IR to determine the purity of biodiesel samples obtained since FT-IR is faster and more readily available than the standard method of gas chromatographic analysis. For educational applications, a calibration curve was created by comparing data on the purity of biodiesel samples obtained from the GC-FID analysis to the ratio of the absorbances at 1197 cm-1 to 1166 cm-1 from the FT-IR spectrum. For field application, a similar method was developed using a portable IR spectrometer. The data collected gave a good linear fit for % purity of the samples versus absorbance ratio.
Assessing the Recovery Aftermaths of Selected Disasters in the Gulf of Mexico

This research examined quantitatively in-port grain loading levels during the periods preceding and succeeding selected human-made and natural disasters among U.S. Gulf Coast ports. The array of selected disasters consisted of the 2010 British Petroleum oil spill, the 2011 Mississippi River flood, Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Gustav, and Hurricane Isaac. The outcomes of the analyses showed that the examined in-port Gulf Coast grain loading activities have not fully recovered and achieved the level of normalcy that existed before the examined cataclysms.
Supporting Trust and Engagement in Personalized Learning

This paper discusses the benefits and challenges associated with supporting learner trust and engagement in personalized learning. Personalized learning refers to instruction in which the pace of learning and the instructional approach are optimized for the needs of each learner. Quality of personalization depends on information collected from the learner and stored in a personal profile. The authors elaborate on research and design solutions to support privacy, trust and engagement in the context of the Learning and Performance Support (LPSS) program at the National Research Council of Canada. The paper builds on earlier work by the authors related to learning personalization, trust and privacy, and on the results of user surveys and usability studies of the LPSS system related to trust, privacy and user engagement.
On the Temperature Resolution of Thermistors

The past fifteen years have witnessed the development of reaction calorimetry as an analytical methodology. The applicability of such techniques as thermometric enthalpy titration (TET) (1) and direct injection enthalpimetry (DIE) (2) to clinical and biochemical problems has greatly enhanced this development. All of the above mentioned techniques most commonly utilize a thermistor as the temperature sensing element. It is well known that thermistors are among the most sensitive and simple temperature transducers available. The detection limit of these devices is controversial. Recently Lampugnani and Meites (3) have reported an 0.6 µ° C limit, while Smith, Barnes, and Carr (4) and Dohner, Wachter and Simon (5) have reported a value of 3.5 (µ° C. Considerably higher values have also been reported (6). Thus an investigation was initiated into the effect of various physical factors which might influence thermistor sensitivity.
Audio Visual Materials: Cork Teams Can Win for You

(1955). Audio Visual Materials. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 66-68.
Consensus with Oneself: Within-Person Choice Aggregation in the Laboratory

Unfortunately, the decision sciences are segregated into nearly distinct academic societies and distinct research paradigms. This intellectual isolationism has allowed different approaches to the decision sciences to suffer from different, but important, conceptual gaps. Following earlier efforts to cross-fertilize individual and social choice research, this paper applies behavioral social choice concepts to individual decision making.
Effects of Exposure Time and Strain Rate on the Elevated-Temperature Tensile Strength of SiC Monofilaments

Tensile tests of one production lot of SCS-6 were conducted at 20°C, 1000°C, 1200°C, and 1400°C. Strain rates of 0.2%, 0.6%, and 2.0%/min (155 mm gripped length) were employed. Fibres underwent isothermal soak times of 3 min and 30 min at elevated temperatures prior to testing. Results of the Yates algorithm analysis and analysis of variance of the empirical data did not show any coupled effects due to the test condition parameters but did indicate that the individual effects of parameters were significant. The empirical results revealed that higher test temperatures or longer soak times always decreased the observed tensile strengths, but that the strain rate effects tend to decrease with increasing temperatures.
Anticipatory loss in noncaregiving adult children: A hybrid concept analysis

Aim The aim of this article is to describe the concept of anticipatory loss in adult children for independent aging parents. Background The existing literature, with numerous definitions of anticipatory loss, is disease and event specific. The literature on anticipation of the normative losses experienced by adult children is sparse. Design The Schwartz-Barcott and Kim hybrid concept analysis was used to examine anticipatory loss in adult noncaregiving children. This three-step approach, involving literature review, fieldwork, and final analysis, has been used successfully to compare, revise, and expand a number of existing definitions. Data source Empirical and conceptual literature as well as qualitative fieldwork. Results Defining attributes of anticipatory loss in healthy aging families are worry, sadness, and gratitude. Worry about future loss is tempered by gratitude for current parental good health. Anticipatory loss acts as an impetus for adult children to connect with parents and siblings. A conceptual definition of anticipatory loss is proposed based on the findings. Conclusions Anticipating the loss of a healthy aging parent is different from existing conceptualizations of anticipatory loss and related concepts. Future research is needed to validate this concept and explore connections with health outcomes.
Forecasting post-flight hip fracture probability using probabilistic modeling.

A probabilistic model predicts hip fracture probability for post-flight male astronauts during lateral fall scenarios from various heights. A biomechanical representation of the hip provides impact load. Correlations relate spaceflight bone mineral density (BMD) loss and post-flight BMD recovery to bone strength. Translations convert fracture risk index, the ratio of applied load to bone strength, to fracture probability. Parameter distributions capture uncertainty and Monte Carlo simulations provide probability outcomes. The fracture probability for a 1 m fall 0 days post-flight is 15% greater than preflight and remains 6% greater than pre-flight at 365 days post-flight. Probability quantification provides insight into how spaceflight induced BMD loss affects fracture probability. A bone loss rate reflecting improved exercise countermeasures and dietary intake further reduces the post-flight fracture probability to 6% greater than preflight at 0 days post-flight and 2% greater at 365 days post-flight. Quantification informs assessments of countermeasure effectiveness. When preflight BMD is one standard deviation below mean astronaut preflight BMD, fracture probability at 0 days post-flight is 34% greater than the preflight fracture probability calculated with mean BMD and 28% greater at 365 days post-flight. Quantification aids review of astronaut BMD fitness for duty standards. Increases in post-flight fracture probability are associated with an estimated 18% reduction in post-flight bone strength. Therefore, a 0.82 deconditioning coefficient modifies force application limits for crew vehicles.
TCT-723 Pulmonary Arterial Proportional Pulse Pressure: A Hemodynamic Predictor of Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Early Outcomes Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Among patients with severe aortic stenosis, chronic left ventricular pressure overload can be transmitted to the pulmonary vascular bed, resulting in right ventricular failure and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. In this study, we investigated the role of the pulmonary arterial proportional pulse
Activation of SEDS-PBP cell wall synthases by an essential regulator of bacterial division

Abstract Bacterial growth and division require insertion of new peptidoglycan (PG) into the existing cell wall by PG synthase enzymes. Emerging evidence suggests that many PG synthases require activation to function, however it is unclear how activation of division-specific PG synthases occurs. The FtsZ cytoskeleton has been implicated as a regulator of PG synthesis during division, but the mechanisms through which it acts are unknown. Here we show that FzlA, an essential regulator of constriction in Caulobacter crescentus, links FtsZ to PG synthesis to promote division. We find that hyperactive mutants of the PG synthases FtsW and FtsI specifically render fzlA, but not other division genes, non-essential. However, FzlA is still required to maintain proper constriction rate and efficiency in a hyperactive PG synthase background. Intriguingly, loss of fzlA in the presence of hyperactivated FtsWI causes cells to rotate about the division plane during constriction and sensitizes cells to cell wall-specific antibiotics. We demonstrate that FzlA-dependent signaling to division-specific PG synthesis is conserved in another α-proteobacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. These data establish that FzlA links FtsZ to cell wall remodeling, serving both to activate and spatially orient PG synthesis during division. Overall, our findings support the paradigm that activation of SEDS-PBP PG synthases is a broadly conserved requirement for bacterial morphogenesis.
Ethical collaboration and the need for training: Partnerships between Native American Tribes and climate science organisations

Indigenous peoples develop and utilise climate science resources to address climate change impacts, and climate scientists often collaborate on such projects. Little is known about whether climate science organisations (CSOs) adequately train their staff to work ethically with Indigenous peoples, promoting benefits for Tribes while reducing harms. To research this training, we conducted interviews with CSO employees (n=9) and Native American Tribal citizens (n=7). Thematic content analysis revealed that many challenges, benefits and common goals exist for both groups. Tribes were more likely to discuss challenges, focusing on trust and capacity building. CSOs were more likely to discuss benefits, focusing on information exchange. Both CSOs and Tribes provide training activities for CSO employees, but training programs are not mandated or consistent across employees and organisations, and they are typically not evaluated. Our research indicates a need for co-created and evaluated training programs which take into account the challenges faced in cross-cultural partnerships. Keywordsclimate change, Indigenous peoples, community engagement, tribally driven participatory research, ethics, STEM education
Response of GNSS-R on Dynamic Vegetated Terrain Conditions

Global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) has the potential to offer a cost-effective solution for global land observations. In this study, we aim to understand GNSS-R sensitivity to changing land geophysical parameters. For this objective, we performed simulations of a ground-based receiver using a recently developed coherent bistatic vegetation scattering model (SCoBi-Veg) to detect GNSS-R signatures under varying soil moisture (SM), vegetation water content (VWC), and surface roughness during a full corn growing season. We modeled different corn growth stages by using in situ measurement data. We analyzed the simulated reflectivity and received power values based on the aforementioned variable input parameters. This study demonstrates that specular reflections dominate the diffusely scattered contribution in case of moderate roughness, regardless of the corn field row structure or the polarization. Significant correlations between VWC and cross-polarized reflectivity values are also shown. Furthermore, the study quantifies the effects of SM and surface roughness on GNSS-R deliverables.
Reflections on the New Definition for Emotional or Behavioral Disorders: Who Still Falls through the Cracks and Why.

The new federal definition for emotional or behavioral disorders improves upon the old criteria in many ways. However, a clause in that definition, intended to prevent overrepresentation of minorit...
Active/Passive Switching Control Framework for Assistive Devices with Variable Stiffness Actuator

Actuators for physical human-robot interaction, such as series elastic actuators, have been investigated for use in assistive systems. The authors have explored a pneumatic actuator working as a passive spring with controllable stiffness and equilibrium point. This actuator has the potential to allow assistive devices to balance the competing goals of maximizing user assistance while minimizing the energy consumption of the devices. This paper introduces a novel switching control framework for assistive devices that use the pneumatic actuator to achieve these goals. A simulation study is conducted to confirm the performance of the proposed framework. The results suggest the proposed framework can find the required assistance without extraneous air consumption, which reduces the user's joint torque by 13% compared with the torque in the no-assist case. Further, the assistive device can reduce the user's joint torque by half at the expense of some air consumption. From these observations, we conclude that the proposed framework could be utilized to balance the amount of assistance and energy consumption according to the user's situation.
Predictive Switching Sequence-based Control for Constant Power Load

In this paper, the authors have outlined an optimal sequence-based control (SBC) for a fast-switching gallium-nitride- based (GaN-based) isolated PES operating at adjustable 100 kHz- 250 kHz. The choice of the switching frequency is governed by reasonable conducted EMI filter size. Unlike traditional averaged and small signal controllers, SBC aims to perform a device level control of a PES affecting both slow and fast scale evolution of the states of the PES. SBC synthesizes switching sequences that are predictive in nature and can be based on optimal control theory. Notwithstanding, unlike traditional model predictive controllers, SBC does offline stability bound based on Lyapunov approach to come up with a set of feasible control actions that help to reduce the computational burden on industrial scale digital signal processors (DSPs). This is of paramount importance for wide-band gap PES applications due to ever-evolving switching frequencies and switching transitions, that causes predicaments in closing the control-loop every switching cycle. Moreover, via the use of large- signal state observers, this paper shows how SBC helps in decreasing sensor requirements for a higher-order isolated PES supplying reduced damped constant-power load, that makes SBC realizable as an industrial-scale low-cost controller.
Nanoparticle-Incorporated Soy Protein Isolate Films

In the present scenario, demand of packed food is increasing exponentially, and this hike in demand of packed food focuses on the production of good packaging film with certain necessary qualities like biodegradability; non-hazardous, impressive mechanical strength; hydrophobicity; and longer shelf-life. Biomacromolecules like protein and polysaccharides are able to serve this requirement to some extent. Film prepared from soy protein isolates (SPI) suits in all the said criteria of good packaging film, as it is biodegradable, cost-effective, and non-hazardous, with good mechanical strength but with certain limitations such as hydrophilicity, and there is also room for improvement of mechanical strength. These limitations can be overcome by incorporating nanoparticles in SPI film. Incorporation of nanoparticles dramatically improves the mechanical strength and water uptake properties of film. In this chapter, we discuss the incorporation of different nanoparticles in soy protein isolate film and different properties of incorporated nanoparticle-based SPI films.
Power combining of solid state millimeter wave sources

Very efficient power combining of solid-state millimeter wave sources may be obtained through the application of quasi-optical resonators and monolithic source arrays. Through the theory of reiterative wave-beams (beam modes) with application of the Lorentz recipocity theorem it is shown that planar source arrays containing 25 individual elements or more results in very efficient power transfer of energy from the source arrays to the fundamenmtal wave-beam mode. It is further shown that for identical sources within a properly designed quasi-optical power combiner the output power tends to increase much faster that number of source elements.
Relationship Between Confidence, Gender, and Career Choice in Internal Medicine

Understanding factors in internal medicine (IM) resident career choice may reveal important needed interventions for recruitment and diversity in IM primary care and its subspecialties. Self-reported learner confidence is higher in men than in women in certain areas of practicing medicine, but has never been explored as a factor in career choice. The purpose of this study is to elucidate associations between confidence, gender, and career choice. IM residents completed a 31-item survey rating confidence in procedural, clinical, and communication skills on a 9-point Likert scale. Residents also reported anticipated career choice and rated influence of factors. Associations between gender and confidence scale scores, gender and career choice, and confidence and career choice were analyzed using t tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression controlled for postgraduate year (PGY), institution, and specialty choice. 292 IM residents at Northwestern and University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Resident gender, self-reported confidence, career choice Response rate was 79.6% (n = 292), of them 50.3% women. Overall self-reported confidence increased with training (PGY-1 4.9 (1.1); PGY-2 6.2 (1.0); PGY-3 7.4 (1.0); p < 0.001). Men had higher confidence than women (men 6.6 (1.5); women 6.3 (1.4), p = 0.06), with the greatest difference in procedures. High confidence in men was associated with choice of procedural careers, whereas there was no association between confidence and career in women. This is the first study demonstrating a gender difference in self-reported confidence and career choice. There is a positive correlation in men: higher self-reported confidence with procedural specialties, lower with general internal medicine. Women’s self-reported confidence had no association. Further investigation is needed to elucidate causative factors for differences in self-reported confidence by gender, and whether alterations in level of self-reported confidence produce a downstream effect on career choice.
Effect of Disclosure on Receiving Spousal Support in Korean Immigrants With Type 2 Diabetes.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with receiving diabetes spousal support in a sample of Korean immigrants with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to test whether discl...
The FDA’s Diverse and Dynamic Activities in the Social and Behavioral Sciences: Advancing and Supporting Health Equity:

The U.S. encompasses a heterogenous mix of people and health disparities exist for various subpopulations, such as minorities, women, people with limited English proficiency, those with low socioec...
On Ramsey and star-critical Ramsey numbers for generalized fans versus nKm

Abstract In this paper, we determine the Ramsey number and star-critical Ramsey number, under certain restrictions on the relevant parameters, for n K m versus K 1 + t H where t ≥ 2 and H is an arbitrary graph.
Methylphenidate modulates interactions of anxiety with cognition.

While a large body of literature documents the impairing effect of anxiety on cognition, performing a demanding task was shown to be effective in reducing anxiety. Here we explored the mechanisms of this anxiolytic effect by examining how a pharmacological challenge designed to improve attentional processes influences the interplay between the neural networks engaged during anxiety and cognition. Using a double-blind between-subject design, we pharmacologically manipulated working memory (WM) using a single oral dose of 20 mg methylphenidate (MPH, cognitive enhancer) or placebo. Fifty healthy adults (25/drug group) performed two runs of a WM N-back task in a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner. This task comprised a low (1-Back) and high (3-Back) WM load, which were performed in two contexts, safety or threat of shocks (induced-anxiety). Analyses revealed that (1) WM accuracy was overall improved by MPH and (2) MPH (vs. placebo) strengthened the engagement of regions within the fronto-parietal control network (FPCN) and reduced the default mode network (DMN) deactivation. These MPH effects predominated in the most difficult context, i.e., threat condition, first run (novelty of the task), and 3-Back task. The facilitation of neural activation can be interpreted as an expansion of cognitive resources, which could foster both the representation and integration of anxiety-provoking stimuli as well as the top-down regulatory processes to protect against the detrimental effect of anxiety. This mechanism might establish an optimal balance between FPCN (cognitive processing) and DMN (emotion regulation) recruitment.
The experience of a severe hypoglycemic event from the perspective of people with diabetes and their caregivers: "What am I going to do?"

AIMS Among people with diabetes using insulin, severe hypoglycemia (SH) can be a life-threatening complication, if untreated. The personal experiences during an SH event from the perspectives of people with diabetes and their caregivers are not well-characterized. This study assessed the perceptions of the event and the decision-making processes of people with diabetes (T1D n=36; T2D n=24) and their caregivers during SH events. METHODS In-depth one-on-one telephone interviews were conducted with dyads of people with diabetes and caregivers in the US (n=120). An initial synopsis and inductive codebook schema were used to analyze the data with 2 independent coders (kappa=0.87-0.89). Themes were developed from the codes, and codes were re-mapped to the themes. RESULTS Four themes were formed: (1) Caregivers scramble to do the right thing and support people with diabetes in treating SH; food/drink is the first arsenal to manage SH, after which most caregivers report that the only option is to call for emergency help. (2) Decision-making capacity is impaired during an SH event, often a panicked time. (3) People learn to manage SH events through their own experiences and frequently make lifestyle changes to prevent and treat future events. (4) Discussion with healthcare providers about SH, and particularly SH treatment, is limited. CONCLUSIONS SH events are stressful and often evoke emotional reactions that can impair decision-making. Much of the knowledge about SH treatment derives from prior experience rather than healthcare provider guidance, suggesting a need for healthcare providers to initiate proactive discussions about SH treatment.
Vegetation Distribution in Badlands National Park

This study concerns the vegetation distribution in habitat types of Badlands National Park, South Dakota. Phase I of the study is that of reconnaissance and determining potential habitat types present. Phase II includes intensive sampling of sites which represent minimally disturbed vegetation. Sites on more disturbed vegetation also will be established. Phase III will include mapping of habitat types and additional sampling to fully substantiate results of Phase II. Study sites established in the Park should be thought of as long-term monitoring sites at which effects of animal grazing, climate changes and fire can affect the vegetation.
Using a Social Network Game as a Teaching Tool for Visual Merchandising

The purpose of this study was to apply a Social Network Game SNG for teaching visual merchandising to college students. Based on design-based research paradigm, the present study utilized the EGameFlow model to measure students' perceived enjoyment of using the SNG, Fashion World, in visual merchandising classes. In addition, this study examined which dimensions of EGameFlow were significant indicators of student satisfaction. Findings from this study suggest that the use of an SNG can be an effective tool in teaching visual merchandising. A majority of positive trends in constructs of EGameFlow suggested students enjoyed the use of this SNG as a learning tool. In addition, challenge and immersion were significant indicators of student satisfaction through the game. Discussion and implications for using SNGs as a teaching tool were provided based on the results of this study.
Stable isotope containing peptides as probes of ligand—receptor interactions: Deutero-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine

Abstract The synthesis and biological evaluation of the stable isotope containing chemotactic peptide, deuteroformyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (C 2 DO-Met-Leu-Phe-OH) is reported. The results, using lysosomal enzyme release from cytochalasin B-treated rabbit neutrophils for biological evaluation indicates a 3–4 fold enhancement over CHO-Met-Leu-Phe-OH itself. This is consistent with previous speculation that the formyl proton hydrogen bonds with a critical area of the chemotactic peptide receptor of rabbit neutrophils.
Dynamic Equations for Steady Spatially Varied Flow

Dynamic equations for steady spatially varied flow in uniform channels are derived separately based on momentum and energy principles. It is shown that the momentum equation is inherently different from the energy equation. In general, six different gradients are involved in steady spatially varied flow: the friction slope in the momentum equation, the dissipated energy gradient in the energy equation, the total head gradient, the gradient of the piezometric head, the free surface slope, and the channel slope. Conventional practice of using the Manning, Chezy, or Weisbach formulas to evaluate the friction slope or the dissipated energy gradient is only an approximation.
Estimating Answer Sizes for XML Queries

Estimating the sizes of query results, and intermediate results, is crucial to many aspects of query processing. In particular, it is necessary for effective query optimization. Even at the user level, predictions of the total result size can be valuable in "next-step" decisions, such as query refinement. This paper proposes a technique to obtain query result size estimates effectively in an XML database.Queries in XML frequently specify structural patterns, requiring specific relationships between selected elements. Whereas traditional techniques can estimate the number of nodes (XML elements) that will satisfy a node-specific predicate in the query pattern, such estimates cannot easily be combined to provide estimates for the entire query pattern, since element occurrences are expected to have high correlation.We propose a solution based on a novel histogram encoding of element occurrence position. With such position histograms, we are able to obtain estimates of sizes for complex pattern queries, as well as for simpler intermediate patterns that may be evaluated in alternative query plans, by means of a position histogram join (pH-join) algorithm that we introduce. We extend our technique to exploit schema information regarding allowable structure (the no-overlap property) through the use of a coverage histogram.We present an extensive experimental evaluation using several XML data sets, both real and synthetic, with a variety of queries. Our results demonstrate that accurate and robust estimates can be achieved, with limited space, and at a miniscule computational cost. These techniques have been implemented in the context of the TIMBER native XML database [22] at the University of Michigan.
PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION IN TOPEKA, KANSAS

Objective, This study describes perceived discrimination in Topeka, Kansas, Methods. A 21 item survey questionnaire shows perceived levels of discrimination and the nature and type of discrimination experienced by citizens. Nine focus groups were conducted by the researchers to better understand the nature of discrimination in this community. Conclusions, A significant portion of participants experience some form of discrimination. Data from both survey responses and focus groups reveal that discrimination is experienced across all population groups. The findings convey a sense of victimization and a strong sentiment that it is an active undercurrent within this community. These findings suggest that community leaders need to be cognizant of community perceptions of discrimination as they prepare for the 50th anniversary of Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education.
Circulations, Fuzzy Relations and Semirings

Circulations are similar to flows in capacity-constrained networks, with the difference that they also observe lower bounds and, unlike flows, are not directed from a source to a sink. We give a new description of circulations in networks using a technique introduced by Kawahara; he applied the same methods to network flows. We show the power and flexibility of his approach in a new application, refining it at the same time by introducing the concept of test relations. Furthermore we will give algebraic formulations of a generic algorithm for computing a flow in a network with lower bounds and a sufficient and necessary criterion for the existence of a circulation.
Note de recherche. Religion et politique dans les années 1950 : Une pièce de plus à notre compréhension de la supposée Grande Noirceur

La presente note de recherche offre une interpretation synthetique des annees 1950. En premier lieu, il s’agit d’appliquer au Quebec le concept d’autoritarisme democratique afin de cerner l’originalite des regimes autocratiques qui s’appuient sur la legitimite du scrutin populaire. En deuxieme lieu, il s’agit de revenir sur les derniers dix ans du pontificat de Pie XII, afin de souligner comment cette decennie instaure un climat nettement plus conservateur a l’echelle de la catholicite mondiale. Nous esperons montrer ainsi que le mythe de la Grande Noirceur repose sur deux realites a la fois autonomes et complementaires qui ont fonde, dans l’imaginaire collectif, l’opinion d’une epoque essentiellement reactionnaire.
Studies on Dihydrofolic Reductase I. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF DIHYDROFOLIC REDUCTASE FROM CHICKEN LIVER

Abstract Dihydrofolic reductase has been purified approximately 8000-fold from chicken liver and appears to be essentially homogeneous by the criterion of aminopterin inhibition. The observed turnover number in the range of 300 (dihydrofolate at pH 7.4) agrees with various calculated values. The titration with aminopterin also confirmed the remarkably low molecular weight (23,000) for a pyridine nucleotide enzyme and suggests one binding site per molecule. The most effective stabilizing agent for the enzyme was triphosphopyridine nucleotide or its reduced form. The binding of TPN is reflected in its ability to act as a potent competitive inhibitor of the reductase reaction (Ki = 2.4 x 10-6 m). With dihydrofolate and TPNH, the purified enzyme exhibits two pH optima, 4 and 7.4. At the neutral pH optimum, the reaction is specific for these two substrates. In the acid pH range, DPNH may be utilized as the reducing agent with dihydrofolate (pH optimum, 5.5), and folate exhibits significant substrate activity with TPNH (pH optimum, 3.8). Also in the acid range, citrate is an inhibitor of the reduction of dihydrofolate, but not folate. Kinetic analysis of the interaction of dihydrofolate with the enzyme and TPNH yielded a sigmoid curve with an estimated Km of approximately 1.5 x 10-7 m at pH 7.4. Although Vmax is 3 to 4 times higher at pH 4.5 than pH 7.4, the Km appears to be the same at both pH ranges. The interaction of folate with the enzyme and TPNH yields "normal" kinetics with a Km of 6.7 x 10-6 (citrate buffer). The interaction of TPNH with the enzyme and dihydrofolate reveals "normal" kinetics at pH 7.4 and "sigmoid" kinetics at pH 4 with either dihydrofolate or folate. However, the apparent Km appears to be the same (1.6 x 10-6) with either substrate and at either pH.
The role of decision-making in cannabis-related problems among young adults

BACKGROUND: Deficits in decision-making and episodic memory are often reported among heavy cannabis users, yet little is known on how they influence negative consequences from cannabis use. Individual differences in decision-making may explain, in part, why some individuals experience significant problems from their cannabis use whereas others do not. We hypothesized that poor decision-making would moderate relationships between amount of cannabis use and problems from cannabis use whereas episodic memory performance would not. METHOD: Young adult cannabis users (n=52) with cannabis as their drug of choice and with minimal comorbidities completed semi-structured interviews, self-report questionnaires, and measures of neurocognitive functioning, with decision-making accessed via the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), episodic memory via the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised (HVLT) and problems from cannabis use with the Marijuana Problems Scale. RESULTS: Strong relationships were observed between amount of cannabis use (lifetime, 12-month, and 30-day) and problems reported from use, but only among participants with low (impaired) decision-making (R(2)=.39 to.51; p.05). In contrast, episodic memory performance was not a significant moderator of the relationship between amount of cannabis use and cannabis problems (p>.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis users with poor decision-making may be at greater risk for experiencing significant negative consequences from their cannabis use. Our results lend further support to emerging evidence of decision-making as a risk factor for addiction and extend these findings to cannabis users. Language: en
Male Anorgasmia Treated with Oxytocin

Introduction. This is a case report on male anorgasmia that was successfully treated with oxytocin. Oxytocin is increased during arousal and peaks during orgasm. More recently, a study on humans published in Nature has shown its value in social bonding, increasing trust, and enhancing the sense of well-being. Aim. To test the effectiveness of administering oxytocin in a case of treatment-resistant anorgasmia. Methods. The patient underwent a biopsychosocial evaluation by a psychiatrist trained in sexual medicine and sex therapy for male orgasmic disorder, acquired type. Medical conditions, effect of substances, and psychological issues were ruled out. The patient was properly consented to using oxytocin as an off-label trial. Oxytocin was administered using a nasal spray intracoitally because of its ultra-short half-life. Results. Oxytocin was effective in restoring ejaculation. Conclusions. A case of treatment-resistant male anorgasmia was successfully treated with intracoital administration of intranasal oxytocin.
Dosing and sequencing for antineoplastic synergism in combination chemotherapy

The success that has been achieved in combination drug chemotherapy of neoplasia is attributable to the attention that has been focused on factors pertaining to dosing and sequencing. These factors take into account both the tumor and the host on treatment with two or more drugs and are discussed under the following headings: (a) drug toxicity for the host; (b) drug ratios; (c) drug scheduling and sequencing; (d) body burden and scheduling; (e) host protection and scheduling; (f) synchronization and scheduling; and (g) prevention and treatment of tumor cell infiltration, sequestration, resistance, and metastasis. In relation to the factors that may influence therapeutic outcome, examples are provided for combination chemotherapy in which therapeutic synergism has been achieved in experimental tumor models. The importance of further studies on dosing and sequencing in order to maximize therapeutic response is discussed.
Cooperative education and realistic student preparation

Most existing EDP Programs do not maintain the close coordination with industry required to keep programs relevant and up to date. As a result, students, unprepared for the sophisticated problems they encounter in industry often must struggle to make the formidable adjustment required. Cooperative education programs which attempt to coordinate classroom instruction with on the job training have in many cases not realized their potential because the student's academic training is too unrealistic to be of significant help on the job. Our efforts in the classroom must be directed towards preparing students to deal with the demands that will be made on them as professionals in the computer field. Emphasis must be placed on teaching students methods and techniques for solving their own problems rather than mearly conveying facts and information. A suggested method for conveying the realism of industry in the classroom is to replace the traditional student-teacher relationship with one of employee-supervisor. Students working on individual projects hold private meetings with the instructor in place of class lectures. The complete design, programming, documentation and oral presentation of a worthy EDP Project becomes the total responsibility of the student with the advice and guidance of the instructor. Companies participating in the coop program may also be given the opportunity to suggest projects. In addition to allowing a potential coop student to gain some familiarity with an employers needs, it conveys a desire on the part of the school to keep programs sensitive to the needs and changes in industry. Courses and programs as these which allow for industrial input in our curriculum development are essential to keep pace with the rapid growth and changes that characterize this dynamic field.
Nuclear, chemical, and physical characterization of nuclear materials

The goal of nuclear forensics is to establish an unambiguous link between illicitly trafficked nuclear material and its origin. The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Nuclear Materials Signatures Program has implemented a graded “conduct of operations” type analysis flow path approach for determining the key nuclear, chemical, and physical signatures needed to identify the manufacturing process, intended use, and origin of interdicted nuclear material. This analysis flow path includes both destructive and non-destructive characterization techniques and has been exercized against different nuclear materials from LANL’s special nuclear materials archive. Results obtained from the case study will be presented to highlight analytical techniques that offer the critical attribution information.