cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bounding EMP interaction and coupling

A technique is presented for obtaining upper bounds of the voltages and currents at terminations on a wire which is excited by an incident electromagnetic wave coupled through an aperture. The internal interaction and coupling problems are considered. Upper bounds are developed for the power waves launched on the wire structure and the termination signal levels are bound with a term included for multiple reflections. Tighter bounds are obtained by separating the incident field into individual parts typically characterized by poles in the complex frequency domain.
Brain natriuretic peptide predicts rejection in heart transplant recipients independent of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Background: Serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been reported to be elevated in heart transplant recipients (HTR) with rejection. Whether elevations of BNP with rejection are due to concurrent elevation of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCW) is not known. Methods: We analyzed serial BNP measurements in 40 HTR occurring beyond 60 days after transplantation, obtained during endomyocardial biopsy procedures performed as standard HTR care. To eliminate potential confounding from prior rejection episodes, we included only observations in which the previous biopsy grade was 0 or 1A (N 206 observations). Normally distributed variables are expressed as mean SD. Otherwise, variables are expressed as median (IQR). Non-parametric Kendall’s tau correlation coefficients were calculated between BNP level and biopsy grade (severity of grade 0 1A 2 1B 3A vascular rejection) and hemodynamically significant rejection (HSR, biopsy grade 2 and PCW 20 mmHg). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to test the relationship between BNP and HSR while controlling for PCW. Results: The mean systolic blood pressure was 134 19 mm Hg, PCW 13 (11, 17) mm Hg, and cardiac index 2.8 0.7 L/min/m2. Median BNP was 154 (87, 284) pg/ml . BNP for grade 0 biopsies (N 59) was 128 (70, 210) pg/ml; for grade 1A (N 24) was 151 (99, 260) pg/ml; for grade 2 (N 33) was 172 (85, 285) pg/ml; for grade 1B (N 1) was 377 pg/ml; for grade 3A (N 8) was 213 (109, 398) pg/ml; and for vascular rejection (N 4) was 1020 (763,1300) pg/ml (ANOVA p 0.001). BNP correlated significantly with both biopsy grade (R 0.192, p 0.005), HSR (R 0.301, p 0.001) and with PCW (R 0.290, p 0.001). After controlling for PCW, BNP was found to maintain a significant correlation with HSR (Beta 0.0046 0.0023, p 0.03) Conclusion: BNP levels are elevated with increasing biopsy grade in HTR and these changes are independent of PCW. The use of BNP measurement at the time of endocardial biopsy may enhance the diagnosis of HSR.
Automated Testing of Science Instrument Flight Software

This paper describes an approach to automated testing of science instrument flight software using scripted commanding, telemetry capture, and intelligent telemetry verification. The most difficult piece of this approach, telemetry verification, is accomplished with a JPL-developed software package, HKCheck, which takes user- defined packet formats, error conditions, and goals, and verifies that binary telemetry meets the specified conditions. Packet formats are defined using an ASCII file, easily created in any text editor. Test-specific and context-specific error conditions are expressed using a simple C-like notation, enabling large amounts of telemetry from normal flight operation or system testing to be rapidly scanned for anomalous telemetry. Goals, like waypoints, are similarly expressed in simple notation, and allow telemetry analysts or test conductors to look for specific events in the telemetry stream. The power and flexibility of the HKCheck error and goal specification language enables context-dependent analysis of telemetry, and rapid, repeatable analysis of test results, encouraging more frequent testing, and reducing the risk of human error in test analysis. Use of HKCheck on Mars Climate Sounder enabled full regression testing of flight software every month or two, rather than just on major deliveries, giving developers confidence that software was working correctly and uncovering potential bugs earlier in the development cycle than standard methods allow. It has since been used, with extensions, on other flight projects as well.
Advancing Age and Other Factors Influencing the Balance between Amino Acid Requirements and Toxicity

As the average human lifespan increases, so does the recognition that advancing age is associated with changes in nutrient intake and requirements as a consequence of biological, social, and pathological factors. Studies show that whereas protein requirements may not differ significantly between younger and older adults, the adaptive mechanisms and responses to nutritional or pathological stressors may differ and alter the balance between requirement and toxicity of specific amino acids (AAs). As an individual gets older, cardiovascular disease and cancer become the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Advancing age is also associated with changes in appetite, food intake, and physical activity, all of which can influence protein and AA metabolism. The sulfur amino acids (SAAs) methionine and cysteine recently attracted attention because of their pivotal roles in methyl group metabolism and maintenance of the cellular redox state. Methionine, an indispensable AA, is important for methylation reactions and as a precursor for cysteine, which is the rate-limiting AA for glutathione (GSH) synthesis. On one hand, high intake levels or blood concentrations of methionine are associated with adverse consequences such as hyperhomocysteinemia and endothelial dysfunction, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, methionine deficiency is reported to lower the threshold of chemical-induced toxicity and play a role in carcinogenesis. Therefore, it is evident that understanding the biological significance of the interrelationship between SAAs, GSH, and methyl group metabolism is key to determining optimal dietary intakes of SAAs in older individuals.
Testing a Model to Predict Online Cheating--Much Ado about Nothing.

Much has been written about student and faculty opinions on academic integrity in testing. Currently, concerns appear to focus more narrowly on online testing, generally based on anecdotal assumptions that online students are more likely to engage in academic dishonesty in testing than students in traditional on-campus courses. To address such assumptions, a statistical model to predict examination scores was recently used to predict academic dishonesty in testing. Using measures of human capital variables (for example, grade point average, class rank) to predict examination scores, the model provides for a comparison of R2 statistics. This model proposes that the more human capital variables explain variation in examination scores, the more likely the examination scores reflect students’ abilities and the less likely academic dishonesty was involved in testing. The only study to employ this model did provide some support for the assertion that lack of test monitoring in online courses may result in a gre...
On the error of prediction of a time series

Abstract : Parametric and nonparametric procedures for the prediction of a time series are discussed. In each case the increase in the mean squared error of prediction over its minimum level due to the use of estimated spectra is assessed. The fitting of simple parametric models as approximations is also discussed. (Author)
Redesign using state splitting

In high-level synthesis, the generation of different designs is generally referred to as design space exploration. This paper presents an efficient and accurate method for design space exploration based on redesign. Initially, a design that optimizes a design criterion such as performance is synthesized. State splitting then successively generates new designs by introducing additional control states. The size of each design is accurately estimated using a tentative data-path allocation and then computing its area using a typical CMOS cell library implementation. Results for six benchmark examples illustrate these techniques. >
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Anaphylactic Shock

The dynamic effects of anaphylactic shock can be categorized into two phases. Phase I begins with a person’s exposure to a foreign substance, the antigen. A variety of substances such as proteins, polysaccharides, and simple organic chemicals can act in the capacity of an antigen [15]. This exposure to the antigen initiates the production of immunoglobulin antibodies. These newly formed antibodies are specific for the antigen and fix themselves to the surface of mast cells and basophils [10]. Those organ systems which harbor the greatest number of antibodies become the primary target sites during Phase II. Phase II begins as the antigen reappears and immediately has a shattering interaction with the antibodies. This interaction triggers the release of at least three mediators: (a) histamine, (b) bradykinin, and (c) slow-reacting substance. The mediators have a profound systemic effect.
Lead intoxication: Effects on cytochrome P-450-mediated hepatic oxidations

Acute administration of lead to rats caused significant decreases in cytochrome P=450, ethylmorphine N-demethylase, and aniline hydroxylase activities and prolonged hexobarbital-induced sleeping times. However, chronic administration of lead to weanling rats caused no significant changes in hepatic cytochrome P-450 levels or in the microsomal oxidative enzymes over a 12-wk period. Eight patients exposed to lead in the process of burning through lead-painted steel structures for at least 3 mo showed marked effects of chronic lead intoxication on the erythropoietic system: inhibition of erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, increased erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels, and increased urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid. Chelation therapy greatly alleviated the inhibitory effects on dehydratase activity and decreased urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid excretion. The plasma elimination rate of antipyrine, a drug primarily metabolized by hepatic microsomal enzymes, was determined in the 8 subjects prior to and following chelation therapy. In 7 of 8 subjects, chelation therapy shortened the antipyrine half-lives, but the effect was minimal. These studies show that chronic lead exposure results in significant hematopoietic inhibition of the heme biosynthetic pathway without causing significant changes in hepatic cytochrome P-450-associated enzymic activities.
Glucose-regulated protein 94 deficiency induces squamous cell metaplasia and suppresses PTEN-null driven endometrial epithelial tumor development.

// Jieli Shen 1 , Lijing Yao 1 , Yvonne G. Lin 2 , Francesco J. DeMayo 3 , John P. Lydon 3 , Louis Dubeau 4 , Amy S. Lee 1 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA 2 Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA 3 Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA 4 Department of Pathology, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA Correspondence to: Amy S. Lee, e-mail: amylee@usc.edu Keywords: endometrial cancer, PTEN, glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), squamous cell metaplasia, β-catenin Received: December 23, 2015 Accepted: January 30, 2016 Published: February 17, 2016 ABSTRACT Endometrial carcinoma is the most prevalent gynecologic cancer in the United States. The tumor suppressor gene Pten (phosphatase and tensin homolog) is commonly mutated in the more common type 1 (endometrioid) subtype. The glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) is emerging as a novel regulator for cancer development. Here we report that expression profiles from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed significantly increased Grp94 mRNA levels in endometrial tumor versus normal tissues, correlating with highly elevated GRP94 protein expression in patient samples and the requirement of GRP94 for maintaining viability of human endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) cell lines. Through generation of uterus-specific knockout mouse models with deletion of Grp94 alone ( c94 f/f ) or in combination with Pten ( cP f/f 94 f/f ), we discovered that c94 f/f uteri induced squamous cell metaplasia (SCM) and reduced active nuclear β-catenin. The cP f/f 94 f/f uteri showed accelerated SCM and suppression of PTEN-null driven EAC, with reduced cellular proliferation, attenuated β-catenin signaling and decreased AKT/S6 activation in the SCM. In contrast to single PTEN knockout uteri ( cP f/f ), cP f/f 94 f/f uteri showed no decrease in E-cadherin level and no invasive lesion. Collectively, our study implies that GRP94 downregulation induces SCM in EAC and suppresses AKT/S6 signaling, providing a novel mechanism for suppressing EAC progression.
Privacy-aware mobile sensing in vehicular networks

Multiple sensors with different functions on sensor-enabled devices on a mobile vehicle are generating large amount of data in real time which consists of a vehicular user's instant context. Context-aware services and applications utilize users' contexts to provide personalized services in return. However, most of the context-aware applications are selfish and very curious of users' sensitive information. In this work, we propose a framework for privacy preserving mobile sensing by caching on mobile vehicles. The framework combines a context releasing component with sensitive data caching capability to achieve strong contextual privacy for mobile vehicles. The main strength of our approach is to improve the privacy level by data caching for sensitive contexts as well as the quality of query results. Finally, we conduct simulations to evaluate our framework for effectiveness and efficiency.
Conclusive evidence for and stereochemistry of protonation of compounds containing a bridgehead double bond in a seven-membered ring

Die Solvolyse der tricyclischen Dibrom-Verbindung (I) in Gegenwart von Silberperchlorat fuhrt uber diskutierte Zwischenstufen wie (II) und (III) zu den beiden Reaktionsprodukten (IV) und (V); analog erhalt man aus (VI) die Solvolyseprodukte (VII) und (VIII), (VIII) kann zu (V) hydriert werden.
Hydrocephalus secondary to hemorrhage from a basilar artery aneurysm. With a note on embolization technique.

A case of hydrocephalus secondary to hemorrhage from an aneurysm of the bifurcation of the basilar artery is presented. The surgical treatment of the aneurysm and the hydrocephalus is described. The site of the cerebrospinal fluid pathway obstruction was verified at craniotomy.
Semantic priming well established

Amidst the recent furor over failures to replicate some empirical results on behavior priming by social psychologists (“Fresh misconduct charges hit Dutch social psychology,” F. v. Kolfschooten, News & Analysis, 9 May, p. [566][1]; “Replication effort provokes praise—and ‘bullying’
Macroscopic and microscopic distribution of the remaining oil after polymer flooding

By physical modeling,numerical modeling,well-logging interpretation,analysis of cores taken from inspection wells,and other methods,macroscopic and microscopic distribution of the remaining oil after polymer flooding was investigated for heterogeneous multi-layer sand oil field.This study shows that the main remaining potential after polymer flooding lies in thick layers with intermediate permeability.In addition,suitable strategies and measures were proposed for producing different type of remaining oil.
Research Progress on Glume-gapping Character of Rice Seed

The research advances were reviewed on the harmfullness of glume-gapping seeds in rice production,the major factors to affect the glume-gapping character and the evaluating methods for the glume-gapping character. Some suggestions were put forward for further research of the glume-gapping character of rice seed in the future.
Teaching for Empowerment and Excellence: The Transformative Potential of Teacher Expectations in an Urban Latina/o Classroom

The researchers conducted a study to gather information about one Chicano teacher’s disposition and perception of high expectations for his Latina/o students and their opportunities to learn. Findings of this paper demonstrate the ways in which institutional memory such as an ethnic studies college education as well as this teacher’s politicization as a Chicano male informed his social justice commitment and effectiveness as a teacher. Findings point to key elements of his expectations of students that include academic rigor, an empowering curriculum, caring relationships, and social capital vis-a-vis community cultural wealth. Additional evidence revealed this Chicano teacher’s pedagogy as caring-oriented, and one that actively counteracts the dominant test-prep narrative that tends to alienate Latina/o students from a socially just education. What emerges from this paper is the teacher’s theory of transformative expectations of students—a theory that articulates learning conditions conducive to promoting empowerment and excellence.
EEG spectra following phenytoin infusion in seizure patients.

Diphenylhydantoin (DPH) kinetics were studied in five male patients with poorly controlled seizures. EEG recordings were taken on four of the patients immediately prior to and 30 minutes following a 60 minute i.v. infusion of phenytoin sodium. Mean phenytoin levels following post-infusion EEG recordings were 17.1 mg/L. Spectral analysis revealed that phenytoin produced a decrease in the variance of EEG spectral power as a function of time in frequencies between 8-18 Hz. This decrease in the variance of the time series of EEG spectra suggests increased EEG stability and may represent an electrographic marker of the anticonvulsant action of phenytoin.
A signal detection theoretic argument against claims of unmeritocratic faculty hiring

To get a faculty job, graduating doctoral students have to substantially outperform their peers, given the competitive nature of the academic job market. In an ideal, meritocratic world, factors such as prestige of degree-granting university ought not to play a substantial role. However, it has recently been reported that top-ranked universities produced about 2-6 times more faculty than did universities that were ranked lower (Clauset, Arbesman, and Larremore 2015), necessitating un-meritocratic factors: how could students from top-ranked universities be six times more productive than their peers from lower-ranked universities? Here we present a signal detection model to demonstrate that substantially higher rates of faculty production need not require substantially (and unrealistically) higher levels of student productivity. Instead, it is a high hiring threshold due to keen competition that causes small difference in average student productivity between universities to result in manifold differences in placement rates. Under this framework, the previously reported results are compatible with a purely meritocratic system. As a simple proof of concept, we examined the association between university ranking and the impact factors of students publications from a small selected sample of psychology departments in the U.S. The results are in agreement with our theoretical model. Whereas these results do not necessarily mean that the actual faculty hiring market is purely meritocratic, they highlight the difficulty in empirically demonstrating that it is not so.
SECTION 3.7 – Yield Conditions in Beams, Plates, and Shells

The yield condition of a ductile metal or alloy is a matter of definition and then idealization as well. Inhomogeneity of test specimens at the grain level, stress concentrations produced by inclusions and other discontinuities on the microscale, and the presence of large numbers of mobile dislocations all combine to produce small but detectable plastic strain at an early stage of loading. The yield limit, expressed as a yield stress for uniaxial or shear loading or as a yield function in stress space for more general loading, is determined by an offset of strain or deformation per unit length, or by an alternative definition that gives a similar result. The large initial and fabrication stresses present in most ductile structures induce some highly contained but observable local plastic deformation on the macroscale well within what is nominally the purely elastic range of response. As at the specimen level, a useful yield load condition at the structural level is defined by a deflection or deformation offset for the plastically deforming regions of the size of the elastic response. It appropriately ignores not only the contained plastic action on the microscale but also the early stages of the macroscopic plastic response in one or more regions, a plastic response that initially is strongly constrained by the almost purely elastic response of neighboring material.
Seizures and Epilepsy

Epileptic seizures take multiple forms, the most widely known of which is the generalized tonic–clonic seizure. Partial seizures reflect abnormal discharges from discrete areas of the brain and may present with a wide variety of motor, sensory, behavioral, or perceptual phenomena. Absence seizures and myoclonic seizures are other seizure forms that may be seen in younger adults. The differential diagnosis of seizures includes syncope, migraine, transient ischemic attacks, movement disorders, and psychogenic disorders. Electroencephalography and neuroimaging studies are keys to defining the source of seizures and appropriate treatment. Seizures have multiple underlying etiologies, including vascular, metabolic, traumatic, infectious, and genetic processes. Antiepileptic drugs should be selected to match the presumed seizure etiology, electroencephalographic findings, and the patient’s demographic profile. Status epilepticus is a medical emergency that must be treated aggressively by following a systematic approach.
Transpiration Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Liquid KCl and KOH Vaporization

Existing thermodynamic functions for the equilibrium vapor species over liquid KCl and KOH are based largely on an extrapolation of data for the lower temperature solid systems together with estimated spectroscopic constants. The degree of importance of dimeric or more complex vapor species is especially uncertain, with a wide disparity indicated for the various literature studies. Using a transpiration mass spectrometric method, we have determined the equilibrium vapor composition in the presence of liquid over a wide range of temperature and pressure. The results for KCl are in very good agreement with the JANAF evaluation of previous work. In addition, thermodynamic data are given for the (KCl)3 trimer species for the first time. For the KOH system, the dimer species (KOH)2 is much more important than suggested by the JANAF evaluation of previous work. Second law thermodynamic data, at 1000 K, with current JANAF values given in parentheses are: for vaporization to yield KOH(g), ΔH v = 164 ± 4 (159 ± 17) kJ/mol, ΔS v = 109 ± 4 (102 ± 4) J/K mol; for vaporization to yield (KOH)2(g), ΔH v = 159 ± 5 (123 ± 17) kJ/mol, and ΔS v = 95.0 ± 4 (50.0 ± 13) J/K mol. Thermochemical data are also reported for the KO2 species produced by the reaction: $$ 2KOH\left( 1 \right)\, + 1.5\,{O_2}\, = \,2K{O_2}\, + \,{H_2}O $$ from which we derive at 1000 K, ΔG f (KO2) = − 169 ± 12 kJ/mol and ΔH f (KO2) = − 73.6 ± 13 kJ/mol.
NEUROTROPHIC CONTROL OF THE FAST AND SLOW SKELETAL MUSCLE

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the neurotrophic control of the fast and slow skeletal muscle. There is considerable evidence regarding the influence of motor innervation on the electrical and chemosensitive properties of skeletal muscle membranes. Chronic application of vinblastine or colchicine in silastic cuffs to the nerves innervating the extensor and soleus muscles of rats caused the development of various signs of denervation without affecting nerve activity per se. It was observed that continued exposure of the sciatic nerve to colchicine for 29 days results in the appearance of all the signs of denervation. The temporal sequence of alterations produced by chronic application of vinblastine or colchicine to the nerves supplying these muscles is an increase or negligible change in miniature endplate potential. In rats injected with 6-AN, there was a marked increase in miniature endplate potential (mepp) amplitude seen from day 14 on in both muscles. By 60–70 days the extensor mepps had mean amplitude of 0.81 ± 0.04 mV while in the soleus presynaptic nerve terminals, there was a considerable degeneration by this time and only occasional mepps of small amplitude were seen.
Conservation of Diffusive Mass Component in State-Flux Forms

The general balance equation for component mass transport in a bulk fluid flow is formulated in a new partial differential equation and compared to Fick’s second law for diffusion. For unstructured network models, explicit in time and fully implicit in space SF solutions are applied for steady-state and time-dependent cases. An Eulerian SF model is given for an approximate, time dependent network solution.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase p85 Subunit-Dependent Interaction with BCR/ABL: Molecular Mechanism and Biological Consequences.

BCR/ABL fusion tyrosine kinase is responsible for the initiation and maintenance of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph 1 )-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and a cohort of acute lymphocytic leukemias (ALL). Our previous studies showed that a signaling protein phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3k) is essential for the growth of CML cells, but not of normal hematopoietic cells, and that p85 subunit of PI-3k co-immunoprecipitates with BCR/ABL (Skorski et al., (1995) Blood 86 , 726–36; Skorski et al., (1997) Embo J 16 , 6151–61; Klejman et al., (2002) Oncogene 21 , 5868–76). Therefore, we made an attempt to better characterize the p85 - BCR/ABL interactions. Mutagenesis approach combined with pull-down assays indicated that both N-terminal and C-terminal SH2 domains (nSH2 and cSH2, respectively) and SH3 domain of p85 play an important role in the interaction with BCR/ABL. SH2 domains exerted their function through binding to the tyrosine-phosphorylated motifs, and SH3 domain recognized proline-rich regions. Disruption of these functions by introduction of point-mutations in nSH2, cSH2 and SH3 domains abrogated their interaction with BCR/ABL. p85 mutant protein (p85-mut) bearing these mutations was not able to interact with BCR/ABL, while its binding to the p110 catalytic subunit of PI-3k was intact. In addition, binding of Shc and Gab2, but not Crk-L, to p85-mut was abrogated. When expressed in BCR/ABL-transformed hematopoietic cells p85-mut diminished activation of Akt kinase, the downstream effector of PI-3k. This effect was associated with the inhibition of BCR/ABL-dependent growth of hematopoeitic cells line and murine bone marrow cells. Interestingly, addition of IL-3 rescued BCR/ABL-transformed cells from the inhibitory effect of p85-mut. SCID mice injected with BCR/ABL-positive hematopoietic cells expressing p85-mut survived longer in comparison to the animals inoculated with BCR/ABL-transformed counterparts transfected with empty plasmid. In conclusion, we have identified the domains of p85 responsible for the interaction with BCR/ABL. Moreover, we demonstrated that expression of p85-mut, which binds to the p110 catalytic subunit of PI-3k but is not able to interact with BCR/ABL, affected the growth ability of BCR/ABL-positive leukemia cells.
Ectopic activation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint reveals its biochemical design and physiological operation

Switch-like activation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) is critical for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. To determine the mechanisms that implement it, we engineered an ectopic, kinetochore-independent SAC activator, the “eSAC”. The eSAC stimulates the SAC signaling cascade by artificially dimerizing the Mps1 kinase domain and a cytosolic KNL1 phosphodomain, the signaling scaffold in the kinetochore. Quantitative analyses and mathematical modeling of the eSAC reveal that the recruitment of multiple SAC proteins by the KNL1 phosphodomain stimulates synergistic signaling, which enables a small number of KNL1 molecules produce a disproportionately strong anaphase-inhibitory signal. However, when multiple KNL1 molecules signal concurrently, they compete for a limited cellular pool of SAC proteins. This frustrates synergistic signaling and modulates signal output. Together, these mechanisms institute automatic gain control — inverse, non-linear scaling between the signal output per kinetochore and the unattached kinetochore number, and thus enact the SAC switch.
Dialysis Access: Temporary and Permanent

The evolution of dialysis techniques continues to parallel the development of access devices that may be used on a short-term or a long-term basis. In the brief time since the first edition of this chapter, certain technologies have been relegated to the history of surgery, while new access devices are currently available that bridge the gap between short-term temporary dialysis and chronic dialysis. In this chapter, we will summarize the surgical techniques for inserting and maintaining access devices that we currently utilize for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.
Electrospun nanofabric based all-fabric iontronic pressure sensor

The study of wearable devices has become a popular research topic recently, where high-sensitivity, noise proof sensing mechanisms with long-term wearability play critical roles in a real-world implementation. Here, we introduced a flexible supercapacitive sensing modality to all-fabric materials for wearable pressure and force sensing using an elastic ionic-electronic interface. Notably, an electrospun ionic fabric utilizing nanofibrous structures offers an extraordinarily high pressure-to-capacitance sensitivity (114 nF·kPa−1), which is at least 1,000 times higher than any existing capacitive sensors and one order of magnitude higher than the previously reported ionic devices, with a pressure resolution of 2.4 Pa, achieving high levels of noise immunity and signal stability for wearable applications.
Analysis of selenium content in hair samples of children in Kaschin-Beck Disease areas in Gansu Province

Objective To compare selenium content in hair samples of children in Kashin-Beck Disease (KBD) areas and control areas,and to provide academic data for KBD control and prevention.Methods In 2011,Longnan,Qingyang,Dingxi City of KDB areas in Gansu Provines were selected as survey point,meanwhile,colleagues of Tianshui City and Lanzhou City were selected as control.Hair samples of children aged between 6 and 12 years were taken from each survey point to determine the hair selenium.After using the nitricperchloric mixed acid to digest the sample,the concentrations of selenium were determined by hydride generator atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Results Two hundred and fifty-four samples from KBD areas and 102 samples from control areas were collected.The hair selenium of KBD areas[(0.22 ± 0.07),(0.22 ± 0.00),(0.20 ± 0.07)mg/kg],were higher than the control areas[(0.32 ± 0.08),(0.42 ±0.11)mg/kg].After comparation of selenium content in every sampling point,we found the range of children's selenium content was relatively narrow in KBD areas (0.08-0.46 mg/kg).The minimum value and the maximum value in KBD areas were lower than that of control areas (0.15-0.51 mg/kg).A totle of 51.1％ (182/356) of children was seriously lack of selenium,the hair selenium content was ＜ 0.25 mg/kg.It was also found that Se content was not significantly different between boys and girls.Conclusions Children's selenium is deficient in KBD areas in Gansu.It is important to ensure salt supplement with selenium for a long period of time and through other ways to increase Selenium intake to control KBD. Key words: Kashin-Beck Disease ; Hair; Selenium ; Nutrition
A CASE OF DEVASTATING CORONARY THROMBOSIS FOLLOWING HEPARIN EXPOSURE

Unfractionated heparin is often used for treatment of acute coronary syndrome and during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Heparin induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis (HITT) is a pro-thrombotic condition that occurs in 2-3% of patients exposed to heparin. We report a case of venous graft
Application of adaptively refined unstructured grids in DSMC to shock wave simulations

Abstract An efficient, new DSMC framework based on AMR/octree unstructured grids is demonstrated for the modeling of near-continuum, strong shocks in hypersonic flows. The code is able to capture the different length scales in such flows through the use of a linearized representation of the unstructured grid using Morton-Z space filling curve for efficient access of collision cells. Strategies were developed to achieve a strong scaling of nearly ideal speed up to 4096 processors and 87% efficiency (weak scaling) for 8192 processors for a strong shock created by flow over a hemisphere. To achieve these very good scalings, algorithms were developed to weight the computational work of a processor by the use of profiled run time data, create maps to optimize processor point-to-point communications, and efficiently generate new DSMC particles every time step. Rigorous thermal non-equilibrium required for modeling high Mach number shocks was achieved through the accurate modeling of collision temperatures on a sampling grid designed to be compatible with the above approaches. The simulation of a nitrogen flow over a double wedge configuration for near-continuum conditions revealed complex hypersonic SWBLIs as well as three-dimensional gas-surface kinetic effects such as velocity and temperature slip. The simulations showed that three-dimensional effects are important in predicting the size of the separation bubble, which in turn, influences gas-surface measurements such as pressure and heat flux.
Frege’s Logic III: The Basic Laws of Arithmetic

With each new book and journal article Frege made a contribution, and although his Ideography perhaps contributed the most, his other writings have been influential. We have looked already at his Foundations of Arithmetic, published five years later. We might before leaving Frege consider the third and last of his three great books, the first volume of which appeared some nine years after the Foundations.
From Information-Centric to Experiential Environments

With progress in technology, information management systems are transitioning from storing well defined entities and relationships to the challenge of managing multifarious heterogeneous data. Underlying such data is often a rich diversity of information with emergent semantics. Recognizing this characteristic is essential to executing the transition from data to knowledge. In this context, this chapter presents the paradigm of experiential environments for facilitating user- data interactions in information management systems. Experiential environments emphasize obtaining information and insights rather than pure data lookup. To facilitate this aim, the paradigm utilizes the sentient nature of human beings, their sensory abilities, and interactive query-exploration-presentation interfaces to experience and assimilate information.
A Prostaglandin E1 Dose-Response Study in Man

AbstractBecause prostaglandin E1 causes erection by smooth muscle relaxation in a receptor-dependent manner, one would expect increasing dosages to cause a progressively greater response and that, at receptor saturation, further increases would not be beneficial. To test this hypothesis a single-blind, placebo-controlled study of increasing dosages of prostaglandin E1 injected intracavernously was done. In 16 men with vasculogenic impotence erections were monitored by the RigiScan††Dacomed, Minneapolis, Minnesota. device in real time for 2 hours after injection, and rigidity, tumescence and duration of erection were measured. Summary parameters to characterize erection with each dosage were developed: maximal rigidity, maximal rigidity sustained for 30 minutes and duration of greater than 60% rigidity. The dose-response curve was similar for all 3 parameters. The initial response to escalating doses of prostaglandin E1 from 2.5 to 20μg. demonstrated a steep dose-dependent increase; at greater than 20μg. a...
Essential Oils in Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) as Influenced by Planting Dates and Harvest Times in North Alabama

Commonly known as Holy basil, Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lamiaceae), is a popular medicinal herb used for treating ailments ranging from colds to chronic diseases, such as cancers and diabetes. While Holy basil is well known in India and Southeast Asia, the plant is less known in western countries where a lack of information on cultural practices exists. In the current study, a field trial was established to determine the optimum planting date, the changes in essential oil content, and composition of O. tenuiflorum in Alabama. A total of three Holy basil accessions, PI 652056, PI 652057, and PI 288779, were planted three times at monthly intervals, beginning in April 2007. At 30, 60, and 90 days after transplanting (DATP), the aerial parts of two plants from each plot were harvested and used to determine essential oil content and composition of stems and leaves using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sensory properties, yield, and composition of essential oils were affected by planting dates and harvest times. Harvesting during summer months yielded the highest amounts of oil for all three accessions. The chemotypes were identified as one high in eugenol (PI 652056), one high in β-caryophyllene (PI 652057), and a third dominated by eugenol (PI 288779) at the end of the growing period. In accession PI 652056, the level of eugenol increased with a delay in harvest time. For accession PI 652057, the level of β-caryophyllene was high at the 30-day harvest, but decreased significantly by the time of the 60-day harvest when eugenol became the dominant essential oil constituent. For the third accession (PI 288779), the essential oil was dominated by eugenol, reaching over 50% eugenol at 60 days DATP in the June planting, but the percentage of eugenol decreased towards the end of the growing season with a significant increase in (trans)-β-guaiene by 90-DATP. Of the 26 essential oil components identified in the accessions, eugenol, β-caryophyllene, E-methyl cinnamate and (trans)-β-guaiene were the most abundant constituents. The level of these essential oil constituents varied significantly in all accessions at all harvest stages. For O. tenuiflorum seedlings, the date of seeding, transplanting, and harvest DATP (plant maturity) significantly impacted total essential oil content and composition, although the level of changes within the various constituents were dependent upon the accession. Sims et al.: Essential Oils in Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) as Influence
Feasibility of incorporating patient reported outcomes (PROs) into routine care for oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC).

e21652Background: We assessed the feasibility of using PROs as part of routine care to better understand the trajectory in quality of life (QOL) following treatment of OPC. Methods: The Memorial Sl...
Binding of Telomestatin, TMPyP4, BSU6037, and BRACO19 to a Telomeric G-Quadruplex-Duplex Hybrid Probed by All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations with Explicit Solvent.

A promising anticancer therapeutic strategy is the stabilization of telomeric G-quadruplexes using G-quadruplex-binding small molecules. Although many G-quadruplex-specific ligands have been developed, their low potency and selectivity to G-quadruplexes over duplex remains unsolved. Recently, a crystal structure of a telomeric 3′ quadruplex–duplex hybrid was reported and the quadruplex–duplex interface was suggested to a good target to address the issues. However, there are no high-resolution complex structures reported for G-quadruplex ligands except for a docked BSU6037. In this study, molecular dynamic (MD) binding simulations with a free ligand were used to study binding poses and dynamics of four representative ligands: telomestatin, TMPyP4, BSU6037, and BRACO19. The MD data showed that BSU6037 was able to fully intercalate into the interface whereas TMPyP4 and BRACO19 could only maintain partial intercalation into the interface and telomestatin only binds at the quadruplex and duplex ends. Both line...
Profit Shifting in a Globalized World

This paper briefly reviews the measurement of the magnitude of profit shifting by multinational firms. Highlighting differences between estimates using microeconomic and macroeconomic approaches, it sketches a conceptual framework that can help explain these divergent estimates. In particular, these approaches arguably differ in their conceptualization of the boundary between tax avoidance and behavioral responses to taxes. The paper also discusses the future of profit shifting, drawing on a data set that codes anti-avoidance measures undertaken by OECD countries over the period of 2000-2014. Governments have significantly strengthened these rules over this period, despite collective action problems that potentially inhibit their implementation.
Deadbeat-Direct Torque and Flux Control of Wound Field Synchronous Machine at Low Sampling to Fundamental Frequency Ratios

Enhancements to the deadbeat-direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC) of wound field synchronous machines (WFSMs) are proposed allowing for operation at low sampling frequency to fundamental frequency ratios. Discrete-time current and flux linkage observers, which properly model WFSM $d\text{--}q$ and $d\text{--}f$ cross-coupling are formed using a Taylor series approximated sampled Laplace approach. The effect of the Taylor series order on the discretization error and model accuracy is examined. The torque curve to determine the inverter voltage commands is derived from the flux linkage model coefficients. Experimental comparison of the WFSM torque response is made between the classical DB-DTFC with current and flux observers formed using a z-transform approach and the torque line derived from a forward Euler method and the newly proposed observers and torque curve.
CERN Large Hadron Collider system size scan predictions for PbPb, XeXe, ArAr, and OO with relativistic hydrodynamics

In recent years the understanding of the limits of the smallest possible droplet of the quark gluon plasma has been called into question. Experimental results from both the Large Hadron Collider and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider have provided hints that the quark gluon plasma may be produced in systems as small as that formed in $p\mathrm{Pb}$ or $d\mathrm{Au}$ collisions. Yet alternative explanations still exist from correlations arising from quarks and gluons in a color glass condensate picture. In order to resolve these two scenarios, a system-size scan has been proposed at the Large Hadron Collider for collisions of ArAr and OO. Here we make predictions for a possible future run of ArAr and OO collisions at the Large Hadron Collider and study the system-size dependence of a variety of flow observables. We find that linear response (from the initial conditions to the final flow harmonics) becomes more dominant in smaller systems, whereas the $\text{linear}+\text{cubic}$ response can accurately predict multiparticle cumulants for a wide range of centralities in large systems.
Biomarkers and Preclinical Models for Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma Treatment

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive lymphoproliferative malignancy with a very poor prognosis. Despite several recent advances, new therapeutic approaches are critical, and this will require successful preclinical studies, including studies in ATL cell culture systems, and mouse models. Identification of accurate, reproducible biomarkers will be a crucial component of preclinical and clinical studies. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art in each of these fields, and provides recommendations for future approaches. This problem is an important unmet need in HTLV research.
Optimal Design of Microgrid at an Industrial Complex

Microgrid (MG) emerge as a potential solution for grid modernization. MGs can host distributed renewable generation and can increase fuel-based energy utilization efficiency and system reliability. This work designs an optimal industrial MG which provides economic and environmental benefits. Two Matlab/Simulink models are built, a reference system and an MG system. Both models calculate the annualized total cost and annual CO 2 emissions. The reference system is the industrial facility connected to the utility grid. The MG components include solar photovoltaic modules, wind turbine generators, battery energy storage systems, and a selection of diesel generators of various sizes. MG component specs are iteratively varied; then, the model outputs are compared to determine by how much the updated MG system can reduce annualized total cost and CO 2 emissions. Authentic data and realistic operational constraints are considered in this work. Particle swarm optimization is used to find the optimal solution. Different operating strategies are analyzed, under each of which there is an optimal combination of distributed renewable generators, battery energy storage system, and diesel generator lineup that maximizes the overall benefits. The results show that the best MG solution can achieve up to 74.8% cost savings and 31.9% CO 2 emission reduction. The approach demonstrated can help with the transition toward a cleaner, more efficient, reliable, and decentralized power grid.
AI Methods in Bioethics

Seemingly every week, new artificial intelligence (AI) applications are being developed to assist and automate various forms of medical decision-making. Examples abound, but some notable instances ...
Case 1: Primary Neonatal Respiratory Failure

A 2.91-kg male infant is born to a 31-year-old gravida 3, para 2 woman via repeat cesarean section at 39.1 weeks’ gestation. The pregnancy had been complicated by polyhydramnios with normal anatomy noted on ultrasonography. Family history includes neonatal loss of a male infant with primary respiratory failure and pulmonary hypoplasia on autopsy. The mother’s serologic findings, including group B Streptococcus , are negative. At delivery the neonate has poor respiratory effort and requires intubation. Apgar scores are 5, 6, and 6 at 1, 5, and 10 minutes. He is admitted to the NICU on a conventional ventilator. His cord blood gas findings are normal, and his complete blood cell count is not concerning for infection. A blood culture specimen is obtained, and he is started on empiric antibiotics. Given the profound hypoxemia, echocardiography is performed, which reveals normal structure and estimated suprasystemic pulmonary pressures. He is diagnosed with persistent pulmonary hypertension and is started on inhaled nitric oxide and continuous infusions of dopamine and dexmedetomidine. Around 12 hours after birth, he develops a left-sided pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement. He makes a transition to the high-frequency jet ventilator (HFJV) and is transferred for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) evaluation. Physical examination reveals an infant who is intubated and sedated, but breathing over HFJV with retractions, no murmurs, cap refill 3 to 5 seconds, minimal spontaneous movement when stimulated, and decreased tone throughout. Chest radiography shows …