cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cell‐free synthesis and co‐translational processing of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor

The human asialoglycoprotein receptor is a 46-kDa membrane glycoprotein. It is initially synthesized as a 40-kDa precursor species possessing two N-linked high-mannose oligosaccharides which is subsequently converted to the 46-kDa mature product upon modification of its oligosaccharides of the complex form [Schwartz, A. L. & Rup, D. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11249–11255]. To investigate further the biosynthesis of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor, we have utilized a cell-free wheat germ translation system supplemented with dog pancreatic microsomal membranes and programmed with HepG2 and human liver RNA. The primary translation product of the human receptor is a single 34-kDa species and this species is expressed throughout human fetal and adult development. The primary translation product possesses no cleavable signal peptide and is co-translationally glycosylated to form the 40-kDa precursor species. In addition, the human asialoglycoprotein receptor is co-translationally inserted into microsomal membranes such that a 4-kDa cytoplasmic tail is susceptible to trypsin digestion.
Lagrangian and Eulerian statistics obtained from direct numerical simulations of homogeneous turbulence

Direct numerical simulation is used to study dispersion in decaying isotropic turbulence and homogeneous shear flow. Both Lagrangian and Eulerian data are presented allowing direct comparison, but at fairly low Reynolds number. The quantities presented include properties of the dispersion tensor, isoprobability contours of particle displacement, Lagrangian and Eulerian velocity autocorrelations and time scale ratios, and the eddy diffusivity tensor. The Lagrangian time microscale is found to be consistently larger than the Eulerian microscale, presumably due to the advection of the small scales by the large scales in the Eulerian reference frame.
Proton spin–spin relaxation and n.m.r. imaging of peroxide/coagent crosslinked cis-1,4-polyisoprene

Abstract Proton T2 relaxation and n.m.r. imaging experiments were utilized to study the molecular mobility and heterogeneity of cis-1,4-polyisoprene crosslinked with dicumyl peroxide in the presence of triallyl cyanurate (TAC) and zinc diacrylate (ZDA) as coagents. It was observed that the long T2 relaxation times of the rubber protons in peroxide/TAC or peroxide/ZDA crosslinked elastomers decrease with the increase in the crosslink density resulting from the addition of peroxide or coagent. The T2 relaxation times of protic solvent in swollen rubber are also affected by the physical property changes of the networks induced by peroxide and coagent addition. It was concluded that the solvent T2 relaxation times depend on solvent-polymer interactions as well as the crosslink density of the networks.
Thorium in the spectrum of HR465

THE peculiar A star HR465 is a spectrum variable1. Considerable attention2,3 has been given to the spectra of this star obtained by W. P. Bidelman during 1960–61, when the lines of the rare earth elements attained their maximum intensity; Bidelman has kindly placed this material at our disposal. Among the remarkable aspects of the HR465 spectrum is the fact that it is the only star for which a firm statistical basis exists for the identification of uranium4.
The role of similarity in deductive categorical inference.

The category inclusion rule specifies that categories inherit the properties of their superordinates. For example, given thatall metals are pentavalent, it can be concluded thatall iron is pentavalent. Sloman (1998) showed that people do not fully endorse conclusions that follow from the category inclusion rule. He claims that people rely on the similarity between the premise and the conclusion categories (metals andiron), rather than applying the category inclusion rule. By allowing reasoners to rate their certainty for category relations (e.g.,iron is metal), as well as for conclusions, the present study shows that similarity has only an indirect effect on the certainty of conclusions: Reasoners are more certain that similar categories have a category inclusion relation, and this in turn affects the certainty of conclusions based on this relation.
Nonadherence to primary prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.

Author(s): Heffelfinger, James D; Voetsch, Andrew C; Nakamura, Glenn V; Sullivan, Patrick S; McNaghten, AD; Huang, Laurence | Abstract: BackgroundDespite the effectiveness of prophylaxis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) continues to be the most common serious opportunistic infection among HIV-infected persons. We describe factors associated with nonadherence to primary PCP prophylaxis.Methodology/principal findingsWe used 2000-2004 data from the Supplement to HIV/AIDS Surveillance (SHAS) project, a cross-sectional interview project of HIV-infected persons gor=18 years conducted in 18 states. We limited the analysis to persons who denied having prior PCP, reported having a current prescription to prevent PCP, and answered the question "In the past 30 days, how often were you able to take the PCP medication(s) exactly the way your doctor told you to take them?" We used multivariable logistic regression to describe factors associated with nonadherence. Of 1,666 subjects prescribed PCP prophylaxis, 305 (18.3%) were nonadherent. Persons were more likely to be nonadherent if they reported using marijuana (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-2.4), non-injection drugs other than marijuana (aOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0-2.1), or injection drugs (aOR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.3-4.1) in the past year; their mental health was "not good" for gor=1 day during the past month (aOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2-2.2); their most recent CD4 count was l200 cells/microL (aOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.2); or taking ART usually (aOR = 9.6, 95% CI = 6.7-13.7) or sometimes/rarely/never (aOR = 18.4, 95% CI = 11.1-30.4), compared with always, as prescribed.Conclusion/significanceProviders should inquire about and promote strategies to improve adherence to PCP prophylaxis, particularly among persons who use illicit drugs, have mental health issues, and who are not compliant with ART to reduce the occurrence of PCP.
Laser direct synthesis of silicon nanowire field effect transistors

We demonstrate a single-step, laser-based technique to fabricate silicon nanowire field effect transistors. Boron-doped silicon nanowires are synthesized using a laser-direct-write chemical vapor deposition process, which can produce nanowires as small as 60 nm, far below the diffraction limit of the laser wavelength of 395 nm. In addition, the method has the advantages of in situ doping, catalyst-free growth, and precise control of nanowire position, orientation, and length. Silicon nanowires are directly fabricated on an insulating surface and ready for subsequent device fabrication without the need for transfer and alignment, thus greatly simplifying device fabrication processes. Schottky barrier nanowire field effect transistors with a back-gate configuration are fabricated from the laser-direct-written Si nanowires and electrically characterized.
Characterization of Animal Exposure Calls Captured by the National Poison Data System, 2000–2010

Objective:Our objective was to characterize the data captured in all animal exposure calls reported to the National Poison Data System (NPDS), a national poison center reporting database, from 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2010 and identify Poison Center usage and needs in animal exposure calls. Design:We calculated descriptive statistics characterizing animal type, exposure substance, medical outcome, year and month of call, caller location, and specific state for all animal exposure call data in NPDS from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2010. SAS version 9.2 was used for the analysis. Results: There were 1,371,095 animal exposure calls out of 28,925,496 (4.7%) total human and animal exposure calls in NPDS during the study period. The majority involved companion animal exposures with 88.0% canine exposures and 10.4% feline exposures. Pesticides were the most common exposure substance (n=360,375; 26.3%), followed by prescription drugs (n=261,543; 18.6%). The most common outcome reported was ‘Not followed, judged as nontoxic exposure or minimal clinical effects possible’ (n=803,491; 58.6%), followed by ‘Not followed, judged potentially toxic exposure’ (n=263,153; 19.2%). There were 5,388 deaths reported. Pesticide exposures were responsible for the greatest number of deaths (n=1,643; 30.4%). Conclusions and clinical relevance:Approximately 1 in 20 calls to PCs are regarding potentially toxic exposures to animals, suggesting a need for veterinary expertise and resources at PCs. Pesticides are one of the greatest toxic exposure threats to animals, both in numbers of exposures and severity of clinical outcomes, and is an important area for education, prevention, and treatment.
Novel trichothecenes from fusarium sporotrichioides

Isolation and structural elucidation of two novel trichothecene mycotoxins sporol 1 and sporotrichiol 2 from Fusarium sporotrichioides MC-72083 are reported. The new structures were assigned using COSY, NOESY, Selective INEPT and other spectroscopic techniques.
Scanning electrochemical microscopy. 44. Imaging of horseradish peroxidase immobilized on insulating substrates.

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) was used to study horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized with copolymer on insulating substrates (glass slide or polycarbonate membrane filter). Two methods were used to immobilize HRP: In the first, HRP was coimmobilized by cross-linking on a glass slide with a copolymer swelled in water to form a hydrogel; in the second, the same copolymer and avidin were coimmobilized on the glass slide and biotin-labeled HRP was conjugated to the avidin of the film. SECM was then used to detect the presence of the bound enzyme by observing the feedback current in a solution of benzoquinone and hydrogen peroxide, when hydroquinone was generated at the tip. A detection limit less than 7 × 105 HRP molecules within a ∼7-μm-diameter area was demonstrated.
Comparative irritant potency of sulfate salts.

Abstract Guinea pigs were exposed for a period of 1 hour to aerosols of sulfate salts. With the exception of sodium sulfate, all the sulfates caused a slight increase in pulmonary flow resistance and a slight decrease in pulmonary compliance. The order of irritant potency was ammonium sulfate > ammonium bisulfate > cupric sulfate. All the sulfate salts were less irritant than sulfuric acid. The particle size range was limited (0.1–0.8 μm, mass median diameter), but, in general, the degree of response increased with decreased size. Of the four sulfates tested, only copper sulfate potentiated the response to sulfur dioxide. The possible practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Career Transitions in Midlife: Pursuing an MSW as an Older Student

This study aims to increase understanding about the challenges and opportunities for graduate schools of social work to meet the educational needs of midlife and older adults. Interviews were conducted with alumni who received their MSWs when they were age 40 or older. The Alumni Office provided 170 alumni’s contact information; 61 (36%) alumni were reached and 60 (98%) agreed to participate. Most (62%) switched from the for-profit sector into the nonprofit sector after their MSW, whereas others (38%) advanced within the human and social service occupations. Volunteering and caregiving were pathways to the MSW. Graduate schools could reshape recruitment and programming to facilitate an increasing number of older students.
Holocene stable-isotope stratigraphy at Lough Gur, County Limerick, Western Ireland

After the pronounced fluictuation of 4‰ in δ18O during the Younger Dryas and the 1‰ dip during the Preboreal Oscillation, values for δ18O decreased very steadily from -2.5 to -5.3‰ from 9300 to about 8000 14C yr BP (uncal.). This early-Holocene decrease of almost 3‰ is interpreted as a result of a declinle of almost 6°C in the temperature of precipitation. The previous high temperature of much of the Lateglacial and the Preboreal (12000-9300 yr BP uncal.) may reflect warm summers related to greater insolation and warm winters caused by the influence of the Laurentide ice sheet on atmospheric circulation. After 8000 yr BP a disconformity interrupts the sequence, but after about 5000 yr BP the δ18O and δ13C are irregular because of a low lake level, as shown by the occurrence of littoral shells and woody detritus in the littoral core, and because of anthropogenic factors, as inferred from pollen indicators of forest disturbance and farming found in both the littoral and offshore cores.
Lack of erythropoietic inhibitory effect of serum from patients with congenital pure red cell aplasia

The serum from five children with congenital pure red cell aplasia demonstrated no erythropoietic inhibitory effect either in vivo in animals or in vitro. The significance of immunosuppressive therapy in this disease is discussed.
Thermoelastic Damping in Axially Stressed Beam

Zener’s approximate expression for thermoelastic damping was first known attempt to quantify the thermoelastic damping. Recently, an exact expression of thermoelastic damping for thin unstressed beams, which is widely used, is arrived at. Further, it has been experimentally verified that application of tensile axial stress results in increase in the Q-factor. Since the existing expressions do not take into account the effect of axial stress thermoelastic-damping expression is revised in order to accommodate the effect of axial stress on Q-factor. This expression explains the general behavior observed in experiments. In limiting case of unstressed beam, this new expression converges to current expression for thermoelastic damping.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The effects of a service interruption on bus ridership levels in a middle-sized community

Abstract A stochastic model of bus passenger ridership is applied to the problem of determining the effect of a service interruption on ridership levels in a middle-sized community. The work indicates that, despite the captive clientele of transit and the relatively short duration of the service discontinuance (63 days), large reductions (13·5–17·9 per cent) in ridership resulted. These results suggest that government agencies should take an active role in preserving stable and reliable transit service if large future subsidies are to be avoided. The work indicates that the building of stochastic models of transit demand would aid in planning future transit services.
Associations of demographic variables and the Health Belief Model constructs with Pap smear screening among urban women in Botswana

Purpose Papanicolaou (Pap) smear services are available in most urban areas in Botswana. Yet most women in such areas do not screen regularly for cancer of the cervix. The purpose of this article is to present findings on the associations of demographic variables and Health Belief Model constructs with Pap smear screening among urban women in Botswana.
An existence theorem for multimeron solutions to classical Yang-Mills field equations

In this paper we prove the existence of solutions to a class of boundary value problems for a singular nonlinear elliptic partial differential equation in a half plane. By a recent paper of J. Glimm and A. Jaffe, this proves the existence of multimeron solutions to the classical SU(2) Yang-Mills field equations in Euclidean space.
Executive function performance on the children's kitchen task assessment with children with sickle cell disease and matched controls

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare executive function abilities of 8- to 12-year-old children with sickle cell disease (SCD) with a matched control sample. The measures included the parent and teacher Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF); the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), Free Sorting Test and Color Word Interference Test; and the Children's Kitchen Task Assessment (CKTA), a new performance measure. Methods: Twenty-two children with SCD were recruited from one hematology clinic and 22 community children, matched on characteristics of age, gender, and race, were selected from a larger sample of controls for comparison. Parents and teachers completed rating scales. Results:As hypothesized, children with SCD scored significantly lower than matched controls on Digit Span Forward; on 5 of the 9 D-KFES Color Word Interference and Sorting tasks; on CKTA organization, initiation, and task completion; and on the BRIEF's parent and teacher Metacognitive Index (MI) ...
Transcriptional regulation restricting bone sialoprotein gene expression to both hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts.

This study identifies a cis-acting element that confers tissue-restricted expression to the bone sialoprotein (BSP) gene. Using both gain of function and loss-of function studies, we demonstrate that this element acts as a tissue specific enhancer of BSP expression in osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes but does not function in non-hypertrophic chondrocytes or fibroblasts. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that binding of this element occurs in correlation with active BSP expression. While Dlx5 has been implicated as the tissue-specific regulator of BSP expression through direct DNA binding at an element with homology to the one under study here, our results demonstrate that Dlx5 does not act as a positive regulator of BSP expression. Finally, mutational analyses of this element demonstrate that while there is homology to putative homeodomain binding elements, this site is unlikely to bind homeodomain factors including Dlx5. Thus, these studies identify an important cis-acting element in the BSP promoter that acts as a tissue-specific enhancer of BSP expression in both osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes. As such this is the first demonstration of a common regulatory mechanism utilized by both chondrocytes and osteoblasts for the tissue-restricted expression of the BSP gene.
Measuring the Dark Energy Equation of State

Our major goal in studying the dark energy is to understand whether or not the observed cosmic acceleration is caused by a cosmological constant. Fundamental theory provides strategies for distinguishing between a cosmological constant and other forms of dark energy. Measuring the dark energy equation of state will allow us to distinguish between the cosmological constant and a few specific forms of dark energy, and will provide an overall consistency check of our general relativistic, cosmological constant dominated model of the universe. In this work, we summarize the current state of dark energy constraints, identify three useful milestones, and forecast our ability to reach these milestones in the near future.
Bullous pemphigoid of the vulva: a case report.

Description des signes cliniques et du traitement d'un cas de pemphygus bulleux de la vulve
J-dependent lifetimes of quintet levels in neutral carbon

Abstract Beam-foil measurements and configuration interaction calculations are reported for the lifetimes of the individual levels of the 2s2p23s 5PJ term in CI. The experimental lifetimes show a strong J-dependence, with τ(J = 3) = 2.5±0.5 ns and τ(J = 1, 2) = 0.3±0.1 ns. These results are in close agreement with theoretical predictions and indicate that autoionisation strongly affects the J = 1 and 2 levels.
The photospheric boundary of Sun-to-Earth coupled models

The least understood component of the Sun-to-Earth coupled system is the solar atmosphere-the visible layers of the Sun that encompass the photosphere, chromosphere, transition region and low corona. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs), principal drivers of space weather, are magnetically driven phenomena that are thought to originate in the low solar corona. Their initiation mechanism, however, is still a topic of great debate. If we are to develop physics-based models with true predictive capability, we must progress beyond simulations of highly idealized magnetic configurations, and develop the techniques necessary to incorporate observations of the vector magnetic field at the solar photosphere into numerical models of the solar corona. As a first step toward this goal, we drive the SAIC coronal model with the complex magnetic fields and flows that result from a sub-photospheric MHD simulation of an emerging active region. In particular,
Adjuncts to Improve Outcomes of Shock Wave Lithotripsy

Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has been a major tool in the treatment of urinary stones for nearly three decades. In recent years, SWL technology has been less effective at fragmenting stones than earlier devices; thus, adjunctive maneuvers to improve stone-free rates after SWL have been required. This article summarizes several of these adjuncts, such as slower shock wave rate, the use of percussion therapy to clear fragments, medications to hasten expulsion of fragments, and appropriate selection and positioning of patients for SWL.
Testosterone treatment blocks the termination of the gonadal photorefractory condition in white-throated sparrows maintained on short days.

Abstract Testosterone was administered to photorefractory white-throated sparrows via intraperitoneal Silastic capsules to determine the effects of gonadal steroids on the termination of the gonadal photorefractory condition during exposure to short days (LD 8:16). Control birds exposed to short days terminated the refractory state, but birds treated with testosterone failed to respond to subsequent photostimulation when circulating levels of testosterone were maintained at about 30 ng/ml. Maintenance of plasma testosterone levels at about 4 ng/ml prevented the termination of the refractory condition in four out of six birds exposed to short days. In another experiment, sexually mature sparrows were transferred from LD 16:8 to LD 8:16 for 10 weeks and were treated with testosterone during the exposure to short days. Subsequent long-day photostimulation failed to maintain testicular function in these birds. In sharp contrast, when photosensitive (i.e., non-photorefractory) sparrows with regressed testes were treated with similar amounts of testosterone during a 10-week period of short-day exposure, subsequent photostimulation maintained testicular function. These results indicate that recovery from the gonadal photorefractory condition which normally occurs during exposure to short days can be blocked if circulating testosterone levels are elevated.
Morphologic changes in the lumbar spine after lumbar medial branch radiofrequency neurotomy: a quantitative radiological study

Abstract Background context Medial branch radiofrequency neurotomy (RFN) is a common treatment for zygapophyseal joint pain. The lumbar medial branch innervates these joints and adjacent structures. The impact of the intended neurotomy on these structures remains unclear. No studies have yet verified quantitatively the effect of medial branch RFN on intervertebral discs, facet joints, and multifidus cross-sectional area. Purpose The aim of this study was to determine, using objective radiographic measures, whether there is a quantitative difference in the lumbar multifidus muscle cross-sectional area, facet joint degeneration, or intervertebral disc degeneration after segmental medial branch RFN. Study design/setting This is a retrospective single-cohort study performed at a university spine center. Patient sample The patient sample consisted of 27 patients treated with lumbar medial branch RFN, with pre- and posttreatment magnetic resonance images available for analysis. Outcome measure The primary study outcome measure was interval change in fat-subtracted multifidus cross-sectional area, and intervertebral disc and zygapophyseal joint degeneration grade. Methods In this retrospective study, segmental levels unaffected by RFN treatment were used as controls to compare against levels affected by treatment. Results Levels affected by RFN demonstrated a significantly greater amount of disc degeneration compared with unaffected levels (14.9% vs. 4.6%; p=.0489). There was no statistical difference in the multifidus cross-sectional area or rates of deterioration in the zygapophyseal joints observed. Conclusions The full impact of RFN on multifidus function, morphology, and segmental anatomy is unknown. This retrospective study indicates that measurable changes in segmental morphology may occur after lumbar medial branch RFN. These findings require validation in a prospective, controlled study.
A diagnostic strategy to distinguish autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic cancer.

Background & Aims Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and pancreatic cancer (PaC) have similar presentations; a diagnostic strategy is needed to distinguish the 2 diseases. Methods We compared computed tomography images (for pancreas and other organ involvement), serum IgG4 levels, histology data, and the response to steroids between patients with AIP (n = 48) and those with PaC (n = 100). Results Pancreatic imaging findings stratified patients into 3 groups. Group 1 was highly suggestive of AIP, with diffuse pancreatic enlargement without group 3 features (n = 25, 100% AIP). Group 2 was indeterminate, with normal-sized pancreas or focal pancreatic enlargement without group 3 features (n = 20, 75% AIP). Group 3 was highly suggestive of PaC, with presence of >1 low-density mass, pancreatic duct cutoff, or upstream pancreatic atrophy (n = 103, 92% PaC). Although all patients in group 1 had AIP, only 20 of the 25 patients had increased serum IgG4 levels and/or other organ involvement. Of the patients in groups 2 and 3 who did not have cancer, all those with serum IgG4 levels >2-fold the upper limit of normal or a combination of increased serum IgG4 levels and other organ involvement (n = 15) had AIP. In AIP subjects without supportive serologic evidence or other organ involvement (n = 14), diagnosis required pancreatic core biopsy (n = 7), steroid trial (n = 5), or resection (n = 2). Conclusions PaC can be distinguished from AIP by pancreatic imaging, measurement of serum IgG4 levels, and determination of other organ involvement. However, a pancreatic core biopsy, steroid trial, or surgery is required for diagnosis in approximately 30% of patients with AIP. To view this article's video abstract, go to the AGA's YouTube Channel.
A Curd Firmness Test for Cottage Cheese

Summary And Conclusions Equipment and a method for measuring the firmness of large-curd cottage cheese have been described. A close relation was established between this method and the organoleptic evaluation of curd. Under the conditions of these experiments, firmness of uncreamed curd before salting could not be used to predict accurately the total solids content of the uncreamed curd after salting. This method of measuring curd firmness should prove useful wherever an objective evaluation of curd firmness is needed in experimental research or in the commercial laboratory.
Regulation of G proteins by chronic antidepressant drug treatment in rat brain : tricyclics but not clorgyline increase Goα subunits

The effect of long-term (3-week) administration of various antidepressant drugs on the steady-state concentrations of G protein alpha subunits, Gs alpha, Gi alpha, and Go alpha, has been investigated in rat brain using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tricyclic antidepressants and clorgyline decreased Gs alpha and, to a lesser extent, Gi alpha in several brain regions, while Go alpha was increased by tricyclics but not clorgyline. We conclude that long-term treatment with antidepressant drugs exerts differential effects on G protein alpha subunits, and that antidepressant efficacy may potentially be based on functional modifications of signal transduction.
Sociodemographic predictors of postvasectomy noncompliance.

Background: Postvasectomy semen analysis (PVSA) is critical to establish the success of the vasectomy but the rate of compliance with PVSA is notoriously low. We determined various sociodemographic predictors of high noncompliance rate. Study design: Retrospective chart review of 214 patients who have undergone vasectomy by one surgeon was performed. All men had similar preoperative consultation with written instruction to provide two PVSA 2 and 4 months after vasectomy. Noncompliance was defined as a failure to provide PVSA. Sociodemographic data including age, marital status, number of children, level of education and smoking history were analyzed. Results: Of 214 patients, 99 (46.2%) provided no PVSA. Rate of noncompliance was independently higher in men with four or more children, smokers and those with lower educational level. Marital status and age had no impact on postoperative compliance Conclusion: Objective sociodemographic variables were associated with a higher risk of PVSA noncompliance. A more thorough approach to vasectomy counseling and timely reminder of upcoming PVSA in a preoperatively defined group of patients will help to improve compliance and prevent possible medical and legal repercussions.
The Relationship Between Spirituality and Social Justice Advocacy: Attitudes of Social Work Students

Given the importance of social justice advocacy within the profession and the reemergence of spirituality as an important element of social work practice, empirical research into the relationship between spirituality and social justice is needed. The purpose of the present effort is to report on a research project investigating the relationship between one form of spirituality, connectedness with humanity, and tendencies toward social justice advocacy in a group of social work students. Results of the research suggest positive relationships between this form of spirituality and commitment to social justice advocacy and willingness to take individual action to combat injustice.
Deformation Parameters in Sm 154 and Sm 148 Obtained from Coupled-Channel Analysis of Proton Scattering

Differential cross sections for 16-Me V protons scattering from ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{154}$ and ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{148}$ were reanalyzed using the coupled-channel computer program JUPITOR-1 written by Tamura. The results of this analysis yield a better fit to the data using a value of ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}=0.250$ for ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{154}$ than with the value of 0.351 obtained from Coulomb excitation studies. The same optical-model paramters which were used for ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{154}$ yield a good fit for ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{148}$ with vibrational deformation parameters ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{2}=0.120$ and ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{3}=0.150$.
Concrete made with recycled tire rubber: Effect of alkaline activation and silica fume addition

Abstract The present work deals with the investigation of the potential use of recycled tire rubbers in cement matrices. This facilitates the development of concrete with a lesser environmental impact. Thus, it contributes to developing construction in a sustainable way. Concrete formulations were produced with the replacement of 10% sand aggregate by recycled tire rubber using conventional rubber and rubber modified with alkaline activation and silica fume addition to improve the mechanical properties. The water/cement ratio (or composition) and the testing age were used as additional variables. The concrete characterization was performed by testing the compressive strength, elastic modulus, density and microstructure (SEM). The recycled tire rubber proved to be an excellent aggregate to use in the concrete. It was observed that its compressive strength was reduced by only 14% (28 days), in comparison to the conventional concrete, reaching 48 MPa for the mixture with higher resistance. The concrete compositions were found to be lighter and a reduced interface was observed between the rubber and cement matrix after the chemical treatment. The rubberized concrete can support construction sustainability, minimize the consumption of natural resources by using an industrial residue and produce a material with special features.
The misperception of rotary motion

Two principles for predicting the relative frequency of illusory reversals of rotating plane objects were derived and tested empirically. Ten objects, variously’ combining valid and confounding depth cues, were used. Predictions based on the principles were confirmed in every case. The results are offered as an improved explanation of the Ames trapezoid illusion and other illusions of rotary motion.
Rossby Wave Radiation from a Strongly Nonlinear Warm Eddy

Abstract One of the serious flaws in the standard quasi-geostrophic equations, commonly used for understanding the evolution of mesoscale eddies, is the requirement that the change in thickness between density surfaces must be small compared to the mean thickness. In the case of warm core rings, the thickness of the thermostadt layer may range from 500 m at the center to zero at the edge. Yet the prediction of the evolution of such features should be vastly simplified by noting that there is a dominant equilibrium balance of forces in the fluid, with the beta effect and the time derivatives being relatively small. In this paper, the author presents the nonquasi-geostrophic model for the evolution of a warm core ring using a two-layer fluid in which the upper layer has a finite volume so that the interface surfaces on a basically circular boundary. The lowest order flow in the warm pool is much faster than the Rossby wave speeds βL2 and is not geostrophic but rather is assumed to be in a state of cyclostro...
Matched Field Acoustics

Abstract Matched field processing (MFP) is a generalised procedure of array processing used in ocean acoustics to localise sources. It is based on comparing data with solutions to the wave equation using an assortment of linear and non-linear methods. In essence, it is an inversion method which systematically searches through forward solutions. Through simulation, the applicability of MFP techniques are examined to localise sources of vibration in structures.
Voluntary union membership of women and men: Differences in personal characteristics, perceptions and attitudes

On the basis of previous research and unincorporated theories of attitude formation and learning, multivariate analysis of variance and discriminant analysis were used to identify differences in personal characteristics, perceptions and attitudes of union members and non-members in general, and by sex. The study used a natural field setting incorporating the unusual characteristics of: (a) substantial proportions of women, (b) complete volition in the membership decision, and (c) control of non-random confounding variables across employment settings. The study therefore addressed particular limitations of previous studies in this area. Results indicate that differences exist, in accordance with relevant theory, between voluntary members and non-members, and potentially important sex differences exist within these groups as well.
Detection of crack growth in concrete from ultrasonic intensity measurements

Results of monitoring crack growth in concrete during uniaxial compression using ultrasonic methods offer the possibility of determining the internal properties of a concrete member both during and after loading without causing any damage. The ultrasonic transducers were designed to monitor pulse transmission in both the axial and lateral directions throughout a uniaxial compression test. The waveforms received at various stages of loading were digitized, stored and analysed after the test. The crack growth was inferred from the intensity of these ultrasonic waveforms. Axial stresses/strains and transverse strains were also recorded by the use of a data acquisition system. Four different mix proportions were tested and the results obtained are discussed and compared with other available results.
Product evolution during rapid pyrolysis of Green River Formation oil shale

Abstract The devolatilization of rich (209 cm 3 kg −1 ), rapidly heated (1000 K s −1 ) Green River Formation, Colorado, oil shale has been studied at temperatures from ≈ 600 to 1100K, under helium (170 kPa) and vacuum. Oil yields decrease with increasing pressure at temperatures above the 800–900 K range. This is attributed to an increased probability of condensed phase cracking reactions involving oil precursors with increased pressure. The fact that escape of the oil from shale particles is vaporization-rate limited is supported by a comparison of the molecular weights of oil collected outside the particle and that left within the particle. The measured nature of particle porosity is consistent with the view that external gas pressure can affect vaporization rates within pores. Elemental and infrared characterization of different molecular weight fractions of oil are presented.
Image retrieval and reversible illumination normalization

We propose a novel approach to retrieve similar images from image databases that works in the presence of significant illumination variations. The most common method to compensate for illumination changes is to perform color normalization. The existing approaches to color normalization tend to destroy image content in that they map distinct color values to identical color values in the transformed color space. From the mathematical point of view, the normalization transformation is not reversible. In this paper we propose to use a reversible illumination normalization transformation. Thus, we are able to compensate for illumination changes without any reduction of content information. Since natural illumination changes affect different parts of images in different amounts, we apply our transformation locally to sub-images. Basic idea is to divide an image into sub-images, normalize each one separately, and then project it to an n-dimensional reduced space using principal component analysis. This process yields a normalized texture representation as a set of n-vectors. Finding similar images is now reduced to computing distances between sets of n-vectors. Results were compared with a leading image retrieval system.
Antipsychotic drug use: McLean Hospital, 2002.

Objective Major changes in antipsychotic treatment in recent years encouraged a survey of inpatient practice in 2002, compared with earlier samples. Methods Based on records of a random sample of McLean Hospital inpatients prescribed antipsychotics in 2002, the study recorded DSM-IV discharge diagnosis, all psychotropic treatments and doses, initial, peak and final doses of all antipsychotics, clinical status at admission and discharge, and adverse effects reported. Results were compared with similar data from our earlier surveys. Results Subjects were 344 inpatients (n = 202 women, 59%), diagnosed with psychotic (n = 102, 30%), bipolar (n = 93, 27%), major depressive (n = 67, 19.5%), dementia (n = 19, 5.5%), substance-use (n = 28, 8%) or other psychiatric disorders (n = 35, 10%). Second-generation antipsychotics accounted for 88% of antipsychotic prescriptions; 17% of patients received ≥ 2 antipsychotics and total CPZ-eq discharge does in 2002 averaged 291 ± 305 mg/day (22% less than a 1998 peak). Doses were unrelated to age, but higher in men, among psychotic vs major affective disorder patients, and with greater illness-severity and longer hospitalization. There was a 3.3-fold increase in the simultaneous use of ≥ 3 psychotropic agents since 1998. Conclusions The use of second-generation antipsychotics dominates current inpatient practice. Total antipsychotic dosing has not increased recently, but the use of multiple psychotropics increased strikingly from 1998 to 2002. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereospecific intramolecular formyl transfer via radical cyclization-fragmentation: Preparation of alkyl 2-deoxy-2α-formylglucopyranosides and similar compounds

Abstract An efficient synthesis of alkyl 2-deoxy-2α-formylglucopyranosides is described. The key step involves a novel stereospecific intramolecular formyl transfer via a radical cyclization-fragmentation process in good yield.
Bibliofile: humanizing the UNIX system

Systeme mis en place dans les colleges et les universites americaines. La structure et les applications de ce logiciel adapte a la creation, la gestion et l'edition de fichiers bibliographiques sont presentees
Glycine: a new anti-inflammatory immunonutrient

The mechanism of the immunosuppressive effects of glycine and its pathophysiological applications are discussed in this review. Glycine has been well characterized in spinal cord as an inhibitory neurotransmitter which activates a glycine-gated chloride channel (GlyR) expressed in postsynaptic membranes. Activation of the channel allows the influx of chloride, preventing depolarization of the plasma membrane and the potentiation of excitatory signals along the axon. Glycine has recently been shown to have similar inhibitory effects on several white blood cells, including hepatic and alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Pharmacological analysis using a GlyR antagonist strychnine, chloride-free buffer, and radiolabeled chloride has provided convincing evidence to support the hypothesis that many white blood cells contain a glycine-gated chloride channel with properties similar to the spinal cord GlyR. Molecular analysis using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting has identified the mRNA and protein for the beta subunit of the GlyR in total RNA and purified membrane protein from rat Kupffer cells. Dietary glycine is protective in rat models against endotoxemia, liver ischemia-reperfusion, and liver transplantation, most likely by inactivating the Kupffer cell via this newly identified glycine-gated chloride channel. Glycine also prevents the growth of B 16 melanomas cell in vivo. Moreover, dietary glycine is protective in the kidney against cyclosporin A toxicity and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Glycine may be useful clinically for the treatment of sepsis, adult respiratory distress syndrome, arthritis, and other diseases with an inflammatory component.
Human Rights Enjoyment in Theory and Activism

Despite being a seemingly straightforward moral concept (that all humans have certain rights by virtue of their humanity), human rights is a contested concept in theory and practice. Theorists debate (among other things) the meaning of “rights,” the priority of rights, whether collective rights are universal, the foundations of rights, and whether there are universal human rights at all. These debates are of relatively greater interest to theorists; however, a given meaning of “human rights” implies a corresponding theory of change and through that can be an important guide to the practice of human rights activists and their funders. In practice, any organization can describe their work as “rights based.” This article clarifies the practices of human rights activists and their funders that are consistent with a theory of human rights as (1) universal, (2) interdependent across groups and categories of people, (3) indivisible across issue areas and claims, and (4) measured by the enjoyment of rights.
Monkman-grant analysis of creep fracture in dispersion-strengthened and particulate-reinforced aluminum

The tensile creep fracture properties of coarse- and fine-grained dispersion-strengthened-cast aluminum (DSC-Al) with 25 vol pct of submicron alumina dispersoids are presented for temperatures between 335 °C and 500 °C and stresses between 30 and 100 MPa. The primary, secondary, and tertiary creep strains are analyzed in terms of the minimum creep rate, applied stress, and temperature. Good agreement with the original and the modified Monkman-Grant relationships is found for the failure time of DSC-Al and other aluminum materials reinforced with dispersoids or particulates. The origin of the Monkman-Grant relationships for these materials is discussed in terms of stress exponents, specific interfacial areas, and ratio of secondary strain to failure strain.
The dynamics of within-group and between-group interaction

Abstract The article strengthens and provides a dynamic extension of the theory on collective rent seeking and private provision of a public good. Each individual agent within each group chooses in continuous or discrete time a continuous or discrete effort level. The combined effort within each group provides within-group public goods which are used as an input in the between-group n -group competition for an external prize. Intergroup mobility and intergroup warfare are allowed for. Each group and each individual agent within each group get a fraction of the prize based on a linear combination of equity and relative effort. A model/algorithm is developed generating analytical results and simulations illustrating how the interaction within and between groups proceeds through time.
A survey of affected-sibship statistics for nonparametric linkage analysis

We have compared the power of a large number of allele-sharing statistics for "nonparametric" linkage analysis with affected sibships. Our rationale was that there is an extensive literature comparing statistics for sibling pairs but that there has not been much guidance on how to choose statistics for studies that include sibships of various sizes. We concentrated on statistics that can be described as assigning scores to each identity-by-descent-sharing configuration that a pedigree might take on (Whittemore and Halpern 1994). We considered sibships of sizes two through five, 27 different genetic models, and varying recombination fractions between the marker and the trait locus. We tried to identify statistics whose power was robust over a wide variety of models. We found that the statistic that is probably used most often in such studies-S(all)-performs quite well, although it is not necessarily the best. We also found several other statistics (such as the R criterion, S(robdom), and the Sobel-and-Lange statistic C) that perform well in most situations, a few (such as S(-#geno) and the Feingold-and-Siegmund version of S(pairs)) that have high power only in very special situations, and a few (such as S(-#geno), the N criterion, and the Sobel-and-Lange statistic B) that seem to have low power for the majority of the trait models. For the most part, the same statistics performed well for all sibship sizes. We also used our results to give some suggestions regarding how to weight sibships of different sizes, in forming an overall statistic.
Fat Utilization in Germinating Douglas Fir Seed.

In contrast to angiosperm seeds, little is known regarding the metabolic pattern of formation, quiescence, and germination in gymnosperm seed (9, 19). The major food reserve in Douglas fir seed was found to be fats (5, 7) and an increase of carbohydrates accompanying a rapid decrease of glycerides was observed during germination of the seed (6,7). The quantitative changes of lipid fractions with germination, and various fatty acids in free form, in glycerides, and in acetone insoluble phospholipids will be reported in this paper.
A Comparison of Annual and Benchmark Input-Output Tables in Regional Economic Modeling.

As the economy evolves, so do the coefficients of input-output (I-O) tables. Yet input substitutions occur primarily within economic sectors rather than between them. Consequently, at broader levels of economic aggregation, the annual revision of I-O tables may prove unnecessary. This study compares annual I-O accounts to a fixed benchmark I-O table using integrated-small area modeling of the industrial sector. The model uses annual data on manufacturing employment at primarily the 2-digit SIC level for the St. Louis metropolitan area. Annual I-O accounts do not appear to improve the estimation results at this degree of aggregation.