cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of the Thyroid Nodule: A Comparison of Published International Guidelines

The aim of this chapter is to summarize the available recommendations and to compare and contrast guidelines for management of thyroid nodules including those published by the European Thyroid Association (ETA) in 2006, the British Thyroid Association (BTA) in 2007, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in 2008, the American Thyroid Association (ATA) in 2009, the Latin American Thyroid Society (LATS) in 2009, the French Thyroid Association (FTA) in 2011, and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines in 2011.
Function Theory on Domains of Holomorphy in ℂ n

In §1 of this chapter we first extend the fundamental vanishing theorem \( H_{\overline \partial }^q \left( K \right) = 0\,for\,q \geqslant 1 \) for q ≥ 1 on a Stein compactum K proved in Corollary V.2.6 to arbitrary open Stein domains (Theorem 1.4). The proof involves an approximation theorem for holomorphic functions on compact analytic polyhedra which is of independent interest, and which generalizes the classical Runge Approximation Theorem in the complex plane. We also discuss several variations of this approximation theorem. In particular we consider the Runge property for the exhaustion of a pseudoconvex domain D by strictly pseudoconvex domains which arises from the existence of a strictly plurisubharmonic exhaustion function on D. Together with the results of Chapter V this yields the solution of the Levi problem for arbitrary pseudoconvex domains. In §2 we apply these methods to solve the Cauchy-Riemann equations directly on a pseudoconvex domain D, i.e., we show that \( H_{\overline \partial }^q \left( D \right) = 0\,for\,q \geqslant 1 \) for q ≥ 1, and we prove that this property characterizes Stein domains. §3 deals with some topological properties of Stein domains D, for example, we show that if D ⊂ ℂ n , then H r (D, ℂ) = 0 for r > n. This section may be skipped without loss of continuity. Finally, in §4 and §5, the vanishing of \( H_{\overline \partial }^1 \) for Stein domains D is used to generalize to several variables the classical theorems of Mittag-Leffler and Weierstrass on the existence of global meromorphic functions with prescribed poles and zero sets on regions in the complex plane. §5 includes a detailed discussion of the new—strictly higher dimensional—phenomenon of a topological obstruction in the analog of the Weierstrass theorem.
Electoral Reforms and Peace Duration Following Negotiated Settlements

ABSTRACTOne of the most common features found within peace agreements is provisions that call for post-civil war elections. Unfortunately, the initial post-war elections often increase the risk of civil war recurrence. While past research has consistently confirmed this finding, it focuses only on one element of the democracy. Rather than focusing solely on elections, this article examines the laws surrounding the electoral process. Specifically, I examine how changes in electoral laws that are called for in peace agreements impacts the risk of renewed civil war. Building on research that examines the context of post-civil war elections, I argue that reforms to electoral laws that precede the initial post-war election substantially reduce the risks associated with that election. This proposition is supported with evidence from survival models of peace failures following the establishment of comprehensive peace agreements from 1989 to 2010, demonstrating that electoral reforms reduce the risk of civil war ...
Phased Array Tracking of Semiconductor Laser Arrays With Complex Coupling Coefficients

In this paper, it is shown that a ring structure coupled diode-injection laser stripe array with complex coupling coefficients can be controlled in such a fashion as to perform agile beam tracking by use of a phased array. The controller uses measurements of the power of the individual laser stripes. The symmetry of the array is exploited to obtain a control law of a simple form.
Synthesis of Amino Acids with Novel Biophysical Properties

Amino acids with unique physical properties have been used to study the conformational interactions of peptides and proteins. Two such molecules are pyrenylalanine and ferro-cenylalkyl derivatives of amino acids. Pyrenylalanine has unique spectroscopic properties that can be exploited to understand conformations of peptides [1], Ferrocenylalkyl derivatives of amino acids combine the properties of ferrocene and amino acids to offer compounds that will intercalate with DNA and can be targeted towards cancerous cells [2]. This paper describes the synthesis of these compounds and presents preliminary data concerning the intercalation of the ferrocenylalkyl amino acids towards DNA.
Suicide and Lyme and associated diseases.

PURPOSE: The aim of this paper is to investigate the association between suicide and Lyme and associated diseases (LAD). No journal article has previously performed a comprehensive assessment of this subject. INTRODUCTION: Multiple case reports and other references demonstrate a causal association between suicidal risk and LAD. Suicide risk is greater in outdoor workers and veterans, both with greater LAD exposure. Multiple studies demonstrate many infections and the associated proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory-mediated metabolic changes, and quinolinic acid and glutamate changes alter neural circuits which increase suicidality. A similar pathophysiology occurs in LAD. METHOD: A retrospective chart review and epidemiological calculations were performed. RESULTS: LAD contributed to suicidality, and sometimes homicidality, in individuals who were not suicidal before infection. A higher level of risk to self and others is associated with multiple symptoms developing after acquiring LAD, in particular, explosive anger, intrusive images, sudden mood swings, paranoia, dissociative episodes, hallucinations, disinhibition, panic disorder, rapid cycling bipolar, depersonalization, social anxiety disorder, substance abuse, hypervigilance, generalized anxiety disorder, genital-urinary symptoms, chronic pain, anhedonia, depression, low frustration tolerance, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Negative attitudes about LAD from family, friends, doctors, and the health care system may also contribute to suicide risk. By indirect calculations, it is estimated there are possibly over 1,200 LAD suicides in the US per year. CONCLUSION: Suicidality seen in LAD contributes to causing a significant number of previously unexplained suicides and is associated with immune-mediated and metabolic changes resulting in psychiatric and other symptoms which are possibly intensified by negative attitudes about LAD from others. Some LAD suicides are associated with being overwhelmed by multiple debilitating symptoms, and others are impulsive, bizarre, and unpredictable. Greater understanding and a direct method of acquiring LAD suicide statistics is needed. It is suggested that medical examiners, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other epidemiological organizations proactively evaluate the association between LAD and suicide. Language: en
Text and tradition in South India, by Velcheru Narayana Rao, Ranikhet, Permanent Black, 2016, 477pp., ₹ 995 (Hardback) ISBN 978-8-178-24472-3

The collection of essays in this volume written over a period of 28 years offers an insightful exposition of the world of Telugu literary culture, and the manner in which textual and oral practices...
Abstract 2637: Anti-tumor activity of cisplatin is enhanced by PD-1 blockade in preclinical models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Rationale: Cisplatin, which remains the most commonly used systemic drug for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), reduces numbers of circulating immune cells. However, recent studies suggest that cisplatin may enhance some aspects of anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. We previously found that cisplatin increases expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in HNSCC cell lines in vitro. Methods: In the current study, we investigated other components of the antigen processing machinery (APM) by flow cytometry following treatment with cisplatin. Using the syngeneic mouse oral cancer 1 (MOC1) model of HNSCC, we then investigated the effects of cisplatin and anti-PD-1 antibody, alone or in combination, on tumor growth and survival. Results: Using three different HNSCC cell lines, we found that levels of the APM components LMP2, ERp57 and calreticulin increased in all cell lines treated with cisplatin, whereas TAP1/2 increased dramatically only in one cisplatin-treated cell line with wildtype TP53 (UMSCC-74A). In MOC1 tumor-bearing mice, tumor growth was partially delayed by treatment with cisplatin and anti-PD-1 antibody alone and substantially delayed when these agents were given in combination, with resultant increased survival. Comparison of different treatment schedules suggested that concurrent administration is more effective than giving cisplatin one day prior to anti-PD-1 or giving anti-PD-1 one day prior to cisplatin. Conclusions: Despite upregulating PD-L1 on tumor cells and decreasing levels of circulating immune cells, cisplatin may enhance some aspects of anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. While no mice were cured with concurrent cisplatin and anti-PD-1 antibody, tumor growth was substantially delayed. These results suggest a rationale for combining cisplatin and anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, perhaps with radiation or other therapies, in additional preclinical studies and clinical trials of HNSCC. Supported by NIDCD intramural project ZIA-DC-DC000090. Citation Format: Linda Tran, Clint T. Allen, So-Jin Park, Roy Xiao, Carter Van Waes, Nicole C. Schmitt. Anti-tumor activity of cisplatin is enhanced by PD-1 blockade in preclinical models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2637. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2637
A comparison of head-mounted displays vs. large-screen displays for an interactive pedestrian simulator

This investigation compared how people performed a complex perception-action task - crossing traffic-filled roadways - in a CAVE vs. an HMD virtual environment. Participants physically crossed a virtual roadway with continuous cross traffic in either a CAVE-like or an HTC Vive pedestrian simulator. The 3D model and traffic scenario were identical in both simulators, allowing for a direct comparison between the two display systems. We found that participants in the Vive group accepted smaller gaps for crossing than participants in the CAVE group. They also timed their entry into the gap more precisely and tended to cross somewhat more quickly. As a result, participants in the Vive group had a somewhat larger margin of safety when they exited the roadway than those in the CAVE group. The results provide a foundation for future studies of pedestrian behavior and other tasks involving full-body motion using HMD-based VR.
Surma eye cosmetic in Afghanistan: a potential source of lead toxicity in children.

Surma is a traditional eye cosmetic used as an eyeliner for infants in Afghanistan, as well as in many other countries in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Surma has been reported to contain lead and to be a potential source of lead toxicity in children, which can lead to permanent damage to multiple organ systems. To our knowledge, assessment for lead in surma found in Afghanistan has not been performed. We determined the quantitative lead content of a convenience sample of 10 surma products acquired in Afghanistan. Analysis revealed that 70% of surma samples contained high levels of lead (range 35–83%). The remaining samples contained low levels of lead (range 0.04–0.17%). Conclusion: The majority of surma samples contained very high levels of lead, a troubling finding that could potentially correlate with lead toxicity in Afghan children. Making available lead-free surma alternatives and providing health education, for both healthcare professionals and the general population, in locations where surma use is prevalent and for those involved in care of refugees and immigrants from Afghanistan, may be strategies to prevent lead poisoning in children.
Relative importance of social factors, conspecific density, and forest structure on space use by the endangered Red-cockaded Woodpecker: A new consideration for habitat restoration

ABSTRACT Understanding how the interplay between social behaviors and habitat structure influences space use is important for conservation of birds in restored habitat. We integrated fine-grained LiDAR-derived habitat data, spatial distribution of cavity trees, and spatially explicit behavioral observations in a multi-scale model to determine the relative importance of conspecific density, intraspecific interactions, and the distribution of cavities on space use by Red-cockaded Woodpeckers (Picoides borealis) on 2 sites in South Carolina, USA. We evaluated candidate models using information theoretic methods. Top scale-specific models included effects of conspecific density and number of cavity tree starts within 200 m of Red-cockaded Woodpecker foraging locations, and effects of the number of intraspecific interactions within 400 m of Red-cockaded Woodpecker foraging locations. The top multi-scale model for 22 of 34 Red-cockaded Woodpecker groups included covariates for the number of groups within 200 m ...
Mouse Models of Autism: Testing Hypotheses About Molecular Mechanisms

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is currently diagnosed by the presence of three behavioral criteria (1) qualitative impairments in reciprocal social interactions, (2) deficits in communication, including delayed language and noninteractive conversation, and (3) motor stereotypies, repetitive behaviors, insistence on sameness, and restricted interests. This chapter describes analogous behavioral assays that have been developed for mice, including tests for social approach, reciprocal social interactions, olfactory communication, ultrasonic vocalizations, repetitive and perseverative behaviors, and motor stereotypies. Examples of assay applications to genetic mouse models of autism are provided. Robust endophenotypes that are highly relevant to the core symptoms of autism are enabling the search for the genetic and environmental causes of autism, and the discovery of effective treatments.
Characterization of AT2 receptor expression in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.

1. A high expression of angiotensin II receptors and of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was detected in confluent NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. 2. Characterization with selective ligands, dithiothreitol, and GTPγS, indicated that only the AT2 subtype was expressed. 3. AT2 receptors and ACE expression were strictly dependent on the cell density and growth phase of the cells, with AT2 receptors being expressed earlier than ACE. In contrast, high expression of AT2 receptors irrespective of their growth state was observed in NIH 3T3 cells lacking contact inhibition upon neoplastic transformation with ras. 4. Our results imply a possible relation of AT2 receptors to cell growth and cell–cell contact.
Distinct Neuronal Projections From the Hypothalamic Ventromedial Nucleus Mediate Glycemic and Behavioral Effects

The hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) is implicated both in autonomic control of blood glucose and in behaviors including fear and aggression, but whether these divergent effects involve the same or distinct neuronal subsets and their projections is unknown. To address this question, we used an optogenetic approach to selectively activate the subset of VMN neurons that express neuronal nitric oxide synthase 1 (VMNNOS1 neurons) implicated in glucose counterregulation. We found that photoactivation of these neurons elicits 1) robust hyperglycemia achieved by activation of counterregulatory responses usually reserved for the physiological response to hypoglycemia and 2) defensive immobility behavior. Moreover, we show that the glucagon, but not corticosterone, response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia is blunted by photoinhibition of the same neurons. To investigate the neurocircuitry by which VMNNOS1 neurons mediate these effects, and to determine whether these diverse effects are dissociable from one another, we activated downstream VMNNOS1 projections in either the anterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (aBNST) or the periaqueductal gray (PAG). Whereas glycemic responses are fully recapitulated by activation of VMNNOS1 projections to the aBNST, freezing immobility occurred only upon activation of VMNNOS1 terminals in the PAG. These findings support previous evidence of a VMN→aBNST neurocircuit involved in glucose counterregulation and demonstrate that activation of VMNNOS1 neuronal projections supplying the PAG robustly elicits defensive behaviors.
In situ observation of phase changes of a silica-supported cobalt catalyst for the Fischer-Tropsch process by the development of a synchrotron-compatible in situ/operando powder X-ray diffraction cell.

In situ characterization of catalysts gives direct insight into the working state of the material. Here, the design and performance characteristics of a universal in situ synchrotron-compatible X-ray diffraction cell capable of operation at high temperature and high pressure, 1373 K, and 35 bar, respectively, are reported. Its performance is demonstrated by characterizing a cobalt-based catalyst used in a prototypical high-pressure catalytic reaction, the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, using X-ray diffraction. Cobalt nanoparticles supported on silica were studied in situ during Fischer–Tropsch catalysis using syngas, H2 and CO, at 723 K and 20 bar. Post reaction, the Co nanoparticles were carburized at elevated pressure, demonstrating an increased rate of carburization compared with atmospheric studies.
Temperature dependent carrier mobility in organic field-effect transistors: The role of dielectrics

It has been shown that the use of a ferroelectric dielectric in 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) field-effect transistors (FETs) results in a negative coefficient of carrier mobility, a signature of a band-like transport, above a certain temperature [A. Laudari and S. Guha, Phys. Rev. Appl. 6, 044007 (2016)]. Along with spontaneous polarization, polymer ferroelectric dielectrics offer a platform for tuning interfacial transport in FETs as their dielectric constant may vary nearly by an order of magnitude with temperature. In this work, we explore a variety of organic and inorganic dielectrics with varying dielectric constants on the temperature-dependent transport properties of TIPS-pentacene organic FETs to obtain a comprehensive insight into the role of energetic disorder and trap states. In particular, a high κ dielectric, Al 2O 3, shows an activated transport throughout the temperature regime, whereas the ferroelectric copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE), with comparable and even higher values of κ compared to Al 2O 3, above 200 K shows a very different behavior. Additionally, the external poling condition of the PVDF-TrFE dielectric plays a role. We attribute the band-like negative coefficient of carrier mobility, observed at high temperatures, in TIPS-pentacene FETs with unpoled PVDF-TrFE to a polarization fluctuation process and explore this phenomenon using the concept of transport energy.
A convected-particle tetrahedron interpolation technique in the material-point method for the mesoscale modeling of ceramics

Convected particle domain interpolation, which is known to boost the accuracy of the material-point method, is applied in a form called convected-particle tetrahedron interpolation (CPTI). CPTI exploits the efficiency of tetrahedral tessellations to represent complex structural geometries, while still solving field equations on a rectilinear background grid. Advantages include anti-locking and an ability to handle extremely large deformations without suffering typical Eulerian advection errors. CPTI is demonstrated to resolve long-standing errors caused by spuriously ragged (stair-stepped) surfaces, and it is also shown to accommodate mathematically rigorous evaluation of surface integrals in models for contact and friction. Benefits of this work are illustrated in mesoscale simulations of an aluminum oxynitride ceramic.
Histology and stage at presentation among patients with rare pancreatic tumors: An exploratory analysis of the SEER database.

e15774Background: Rare pancreatic tumors account for approximately 15% of all pancreatic cancers (PCs) and 8,300 new cases diagnosed within the United States annually, while 85% of PCs diagnosed ar...
Techniques, Principles and Benchmarks in Asian Blepharoplasty.

Background Asian blepharoplasty is a deceptively simple procedure where the goal is to create an upper lid crease. The author presents a retrospective self-analysis of 362 cases performed over the past 12 years. Methods 362 cases that fits the inclusion criteria were tabulated into spreadsheet data format. Recorded were age, gender, date of service and follow-ups, whether the AB performed was for primary or revisional purpose; the preoperative lid crease status, the patient-chosen crease height as well as shape preferred. Intraoperative observation included presence or absence of preaponeurotic fat, whether partially resected, or reposited were noted. Results Of 362 patients (724 upper lids), primary AB constituted 81% (295) and revisional AB contributed 19% (67). The gender distribution was 87% female (315) and 13% male (47). The age distribution ranged from 12 to 75 years. The crease height selected ranged from 6.0 to 8.0 mm, with the median being 7.0 mm. Of the crease shape chosen, parallel shape was 65% (236) and nasally-joining crease shape was 35% (126). Conclusions Asian blepharoplasty via trapezoidal debulking of preaponeurotic platform is a safe, effective and anatomically-based technique that does not involve the use of permanent buried sutures. The article discussed the 5 essential factors (aponeurotic attachment, selective block clearance of preaponeurotic space, precise positioning of the crease formation loci, detection of latent droopy eyelids and avoidance of Faden-like suture effect) and the author's benchmarks to achieve a better success rate. Results for primary and revisional Asian blepharoplasty, strategies and potential pitfalls are presented. ( http://links.lww.com/PRSGO/B141).
The Farmers Market Metrics Project: A Research Brief on Scalable Data Collection in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Metro

Maintaining funding for local and regional food system initiatives requires reliable data to demon­strate their impacts. Data that are specific to farm­ers markets in a localized context are not readily available. The Farmers Market Metrics Project is a three-way partnership between farmers markets, local government, and a university to elevate the capacity of the markets in the Minneapolis–St. Paul Metro region through regionally collected metrics to quantify their presence in the regional food system. In this research brief, we introduce the FM360 data collection method being developed by the project, which is scalable across geographic areas. Scalability is critical to making the data collection process adaptable and effective in cases involving multiple data sources and when flexibility is needed in defining the food system parameters to satisfy partners and prospective funders. See the press release for this article.
Mortality of acute promyelocytic leukemia in a rural tertiary care center.

e18529Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has a very good prognosis when diagnosed and treated promptly. Despite the excellent prognosis, early mortality remains high, ranging 17-40%. Ge...
The Demise of the Radical Critique of Economic Inequality in Western Political Thought

This chapter argues that a tradition of radical republicanism, exemplified by the work of Machiavelli, Rousseau, Marx, and others, offers a more satisfying and more compelling critique of economic inequality than modern liberal accounts. As opposed to mere questions of distributive justice, radical republicans saw the deeper resonance of how economic inequality was an expression of political dominance of certain groups over others. Even more, they proposed that the common good of the community itself is degraded by this kind of inequality and the kinds of power it grants to smaller subsets of the population to pursue their own interests and social designs.
Towards green data center microgrids by leveraging data center loads in providing frequency regulation

In an electricity grid, imbalance between generation and load need be corrected within seconds so that frequency deviations will not threaten the stability and security. This is especially important for a low inertia microgrid operated in islanded mode, which is equipped with a limited number of synchronous generators in regulating frequency. To this end, for data center microgrid with limited on-site generators and increased green energy, when isolated from the utility grid, frequency deviation due to generation-load imbalance could be potentially corrected by conventional generating units as well as data center loads. Focusing on high PV penetrated data center microgrid operated in islanded mode, this paper explores effective control strategies for data center loads to participate in primary frequency response. By analyzing unique operational characteristics of traditional and PV generation units, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) units, and power consumption characteristics of IT components and cooling systems, the proposed load control strategy design effectively utilizes primary FR capabilities while not compromising data center quality of service (QoS) requirements. Numerical simulations via MATLAB/Simulink illustrate effectiveness of the proposed load control strategy in enhancing renewable energy penetration without compromising the system stability and security, providing a viable solution for future green data centers.
Surgical Boot Camps Increases Confidence for Residents Transitioning to Senior Responsibilities.

OBJECTIVE Surgical boot camps enhance the confidence of medical students and surgical interns. The impact of boot camps on the confidence of post-graduate year (PGY) 2 residents is unknown. We hypothesized that a postinternship boot camp would improve the confidence of PGY-2 residents in managing their newfound responsibilities. We also hypothesized that the effect of a tailored high-impact boot camp would persist over time. DESIGN A 2-hour boot camp at our simulation center was implemented for PGY-2 residents in 2016 and 2017. Confidence in handling boot camp scenarios was measured on a 1 to 5 Likert scale before and after the boot camp. Three-month follow-up was assessed in the 2017 cohort. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-one PGY-2 residents (n = 16 in 2016, n = 15 in 2017) completed the boot camp. RESULTS Residents reported increased confidence in placing central lines (p < 0.001), placing chest tubes (p = 0.01), managing emergency airways (p < 0.001), running a code (p = 0.03), and fulfilling the role of in-house senior resident (p < 0.001). Three-month follow-up in 2017 (n = 10) demonstrated no difference in confidence compared to postboot camp results. CONCLUSIONS Boot camps can durably improve confidence in skills expected of PGY-2 residents assuming in-house senior resident responsibilities.
Predictors of specialty certification among paediatric hospital nurses.

Aims and objectives To evaluate differences in hospitals' proportion of specialty certified nurses and to determine whether and to what extent individual nurse characteristics and organisational hospital characteristics are associated with a nurse's likelihood of having specialty certification. Background Prior research has shown that patients in hospitals with high proportions of specialty certified nurses have better outcomes including lower mortality and fewer adverse events, yet less is known about what motivates nurses to obtain specialty certification. Methods and design Cross-sectional study of paediatric nurses in 119 acute care hospitals. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the association between individual nurse characteristics, organisational hospital characteristics and an individual nurses' likelihood of holding a specialty certification. STROBE was followed. Results The proportion of certified nurses varies substantially among hospitals, with Magnet® hospitals being significantly more likely, on average, to have higher proportions of certified nurses. Nurses in children's hospitals were no more likely than paediatric nurses in general hospitals to be certified. A nurse's years of experience and bachelors-preparation were significantly associated with higher odds of having certification. The strongest predictors of certification were favourable nurse work environments and Magnet® -designation of the hospital. Conclusions While individual attributes of the nurse were associated with a nurse's likelihood of having a specialty certification, the strongest predictors of certification were modifiable attributes of the hospital-a favourable nurse work environment and Magnet® -designation. Relevance to clinical practice Hospital administrators seeking to increase the proportion of specialty certified nurses in their organisation should look to improvements in the organisation's nurse work environment as a possible mechanism.
Inaccurate Glucose Sensor Values After Hydroxyurea Administration.

Objective: To assess the degree, duration, mean absolute relative difference (MARD), and error analysis of discrepant values per continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems after hydroxyurea (HU) a...
Panel Data Hedonics: RosenAS First Stage as a

Traditional cross-sectional estimates of hedonic price functions can recover marginal willingness to pay for characteristics, but face endogeneity problems for estimating non-marginal welfare measures. I show that when panel data on household demands are available, one can construct a second-order approximation to non-marginal welfare measures using only the first-stage marginal prices. With repeated cross sections of product prices, the measure can be set identified or, under a single-crossing restriction, point identified. Bounds also can be constructed when there are mobility costs. Finally, a variant remains valid when individual preferences shift over time.
Quality improvement and rapid PDSA cycles to maintain routine surveillance of pulmonary pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic in a pediatric cystic fibrosis clinic

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated immediate transition from in person to telehealth encounters; novel nursing practices were needed to ensure that children with cystic fibrosis (CF) receive care that approximates evidence-based guidelines. Local problem The aim was to ensure that as many children as possible received routine surveillance of pulmonary pathogens by a CF culture sputum culture during a pandemic. Methods Multiple Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles were utilized to implement practice change over four months. Interventions Cultures were obtained via curbside appointment with a registered nurse (RN) or at the patients' home with mailed equipment. Results 133 cultures obtained: 50.37% (67) by RN collection curbside and 49.62% (66) by self/caregiver at home. 120 culture swabs or sterile cups were mailed; 55% (66) were returned. Cost of mailing equipment was $760.16. Conclusion Nursing utilization of PDSA cycles developed novel processes that ensured guideline-based care during the initial months of the pandemic.
Re-Imagining Universities as Places for Research and Reform

Understanding the entrepreneurial nature of universities—in particular, the relationship between Education and Health in relation to development and wellness of communities – we would like to begin this volume with a description/narration of the efforts in economic development by colleges to address the shifting markets and economic failures.
Three Things: A Tribute to Judge Morris S. Arnold

On February 20, 2015, the Arkansas Bar Association hosted a tribute to Judge Morris Sheppard Arnold (8th Cir., retired). I had the privilege of clerking for Judge Arnold in 1995-96 and the great honor of being asked to speak about the Judge at the event. Greenbag graciously agreed to publish my remarks.
Percutaneous radio-frequency liver tumor ablation: what are the risks|[quest]|

The purpose of this investigation is to report complications encountered by members of a large collaborative group who performed radio-frequency (RF) ablation in patients with focal liver cancer. Members of 41 Italian centers used a percutaneous, internally cooled RF ablation technique and a standardized protocol for follow-up of treated patients. A questionnaire was used to determine complications and mortality, and their relationship to the RF procedure. Enrollment included 2320 patients with 3554 liver lesions (mean size, 3.1 cm); of these patients 1610 had hepatocellular carcinoma, 693 had metastases, and 17 had cholangiocarcinoma.
GaAs-based 1.53 μm GaInNAsSb vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

Electrically-pumped GaAs-based 1.53 µm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers operating in pulsed mode at room temperature and continuous wave (CW) up to 20°C are reported for the first time. The lasers employ a GaInNAsSb/GaNAs multiple quantum well active region, a selectively oxidised AlAs aperture and p- and n-doped Al(Ga)As/GaAs distributed Bragg reflectors. Typical devices have room-temperature pulsed threshold current densities of 8.3 kA/cm2 and threshold voltages of 5.5 V. CW threshold currents as low as 2.87 mA for a 7 µm aperture device were observed at 15°C.
Diet of shovelnose sturgeon in the Middle Wabash River, Indiana (USA)

Summary The diets of shovelnose sturgeon, Scaphirhynchus platorynchus, captured between April 2008 and May 2009 were examined in a section of the Wabash River, Indiana (USA), known to be a spawning area. Diets changed throughout the year with spring diets dominated by Chironomidae larvae, while autumn diets were composed primarily of Hydropsychidae larvae. Bony fish remains were also observed in a small percentage of stomachs from fish collected in the spring of each study year. Shovelnose sturgeon captured in the spring also had greater amounts of inorganic materials in their stomachs compared to fish from autumn samples. Results from this study are consistent with reports of shovelnose sturgeon diets in other parts of its native distribution and support previous findings that they are opportunistic feeders throughout the year, although larval Hydropsychidae and Chironomidae appear to be important staples in their diet.
Evidence for structural conservation of Lon and RcsA.

Abstract DNA probes specific to the Escherichia coli genes encoding Lon protease and RcsA hybridized to specific DNA sequences in a number of different microorganisms. Antiserum to either E. coli protein Lon or RcsA reacted with specific proteins in these organisms. These results provide structural evidence of the presence of Lon and RcsA in organisms other than E. coli.
Vacating Default Judgments for Failure to Timely File an Answer: A Nebraska Caselaw Analysis

In this essay, I contend that contemporary Nebraska courts have raised the standard from earlier decisions to obtain relief from a default judgment for failing to timely answer by now requiring the Motion to Vacate a Default Judgment to be accompanied with a proposed Answer and also suggesting a requirement that specific grounds be set forth explaining the reasons why the Defendant failed to protect his/her own interests prior to the entry of the default.
Annihilation of light dark matter into photons in model-independent approach

We examine annihilation of light bosonic Dark Matter into pair of photons in model-independent way. We consider the simplest generic Lagrangian describing such process and then compare results to the available experimental data. Then we match our results with particular Dark matter models and determine possible constrains onto parameter space of those models. The presence of cold Dark Matter (DM) in the Universe provides explanations to several observational puzzles and is an established fact nowadays. However despite numerous experimental efforts the nature of DM remains a mystery. Many elementary particle theories beyond the Standard Model (SM) have in their content at least one electrically neutral, stable, weakly interacting particle. In order to make selection between those models a consideration of DM properties using different observables with the minimal number of assumptions is needed. In this paper we provide a model-independent approach for annihilation of light cold scalar dark matter. Such limitations are motivated by WMAP observations which ruled out warm DM [1] and the fact that Lee-Weinberg limit that forbids light dark matter can be avoided for non-fermionic Dark Matter particles [2]. It means that independent constraints of such models are useful tool for discrimination of different theories. It can be argued that combined constraints from heavy quarkonium decays, astrophysical observation, and direct DM detection experiments can limit parameter space of such Dark Matter candidates [3]. Here we report on astrophysical observations. Due to large available amount of data we used gamma ray flux as an experimental observable to constrain properties of DM . We compare data from EGRET with theoretical calculations of flux from φφ → γγ process. This process is suppressed compared to the φφ → Xγ, however it provides very dis
Viscoelasticity of anionic polymers and their mucociliary transport on the frog palate

The influence of formulation variables on the rheology of polyanionic formulations and the relationships between viscoelastic properties and mucociliary transport rate were investigated. Polymeric samples were oscillated from 0.001 to 5 Hz using either a "cone and plate” or a "coaxial cylinder” measuring system. The mucociliary transport rates of polymeric samples were determined and compared movement of charcoal powder on the frog palate. For the linear polymeric solutions, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate, the elastic modulus (G′) increased with increasing amplitudes during frequency scan. However, the G′ or viscous modulus (G″) of partially cross-linked polyacrylic acid (cPAA) samples did not change significantly under oscillation. Both G′ and G″ of cPAA samples were significantly influenced by the amount of salt present in the formulation. The rheology of 2% (w/w) cPAA in 90:10 (w/w) propylene glycol:alcohol changed from a viscous fluid to a coarse suspension after neutralization. The pH increased gradually when the nonaqueous formulation reacted with water and the maximum dynamic moduli were obtained after incorporating 20% (w/w) water in the formulation. A negative correlation was found between the G′ of linear polyanionic samples and the relative transport rate. However, the lowest mucociliary transport rate was observed when the loss tangent (G″/G′) was around 0.4–0.5.
Observation of Low-Frequency Parasitic Oscillations in a 1.5 MW, 110 GHz Gyrotron

We report the observation of low-frequency parasitic oscillations, near 100 MHz, in a 1.5 MW, 110 GHz gyrotron operating in 3 microsecond pulses at MIT. The oscillations were measured on capacitive probes, which are located near the microwave resonator and are ordinarily used to measure the beam velocity pitch factor. The dependence of the frequency of oscillation on beam current, voltage, and magnetic compression ratio is discussed as are the regions of I-V space, in which the oscillations exist.
The Financial Psychology of Worry and Women

This paper provides a review of significant academic studies and non-academic research endeavors in the realm of negative emotions (with an emphasis on worry), gender, and decision making. The author encourages behavioral finance researchers to place greater attention into the development of new research studies and academic papers in the area of negative affect (feelings, emotions, moods). The financial psychology literature on gender and worry documents the emerging hypothesis that researchers should explore is women reveal greater degrees of worry than their male counterparts for different categories of financial services and investment products.
Simple Amino Acid Derivatives and Protoalkaloids

A number of naturally occurring nitrogen compounds have basic properties in common with the alkaloids but are usually not classified as alkaloids because their structures are relatively simple. Their nitrogen atoms are not incorporated into heterocyclic skeletons; and they are seen to be derivable from amino acids by a few, simple reactions. Mere decarboxylation of amino acids produces simple amines which are never classed as alkaloids. Further modification of such simple amines by the introduction of methyl groups or hydroxyl groups or both gives rise to a group of ambiguously classified compounds that are sometimes called alkaloids. However, it seems useful to distinguish them by the name “protoalkaloids,” suggesting both their simple structures and their possible role as precursors of more typical alkaloids (cf. Chap. 1).
The Modified-Relative-Dose-Response Values in Serum and Milk Are Positively Correlated over Time in Lactating Sows with Adequate Vitamin A Status

The modified-relative-dose-response (MRDR) test, which requires a blood sample after dosing with 3,4-didehydroretinyl acetate (DRA), has been used to determine vitamin A (VA) status of individuals and groups worldwide. Less invasive methods using milk are in development in a swine model. Swine are a good choice for studying VA metabolism because their gastrointestinal anatomy, morphology, physiology, and VA requirements are similar to those of humans. In this study, DRA was used as a VA tracer in lactating sows to follow the metabolism of newly ingested VA. Lactating sows (n = 6) were administered 35 micromol DRA after overnight food deprivation. Blood and milk were collected at 0, 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 24, and 48 h; livers were obtained at the time of killing. Samples were analyzed for didehydroretinol (DR), retinol (R), and didehydroretinyl esters (DRE). Serum DR:R was compared with that in milk and other VA indicators. DRE rapidly increased in serum, corresponding to chylomicra, whereas DR increased at a slower rate corresponding to the holo-DR:retinol-binding protein complex released from the liver. An estimated 10-20% of the dose was irreversibly lost in milk over 48 h. The mean MRDR value was 0.018 +/- 0.013 at 5 h and the mean liver VA was 0.73 +/- 0.21 micromol/g, both signifying sufficient stores. Milk and serum DR:R values were directly correlated (r = 0.64, P < 0.0001). Thus, DR:R values in milk may be a potential alternative to serum in determining VA status in lactating women. Future work is required in VA-deficient sows and women of varying VA status to determine DR trafficking and to compare DR:R values in milk with those in serum.
A Restoration? 25 years of Jacobite Studies

The past quarter-century has seen an efflorescence of studies of Jacobitism, within both political and cultural history. The scope and impact of these studies are considered in the present article, which ranges across the major fields of research that are now associated with Jacobite Studies. They include plots and conspiracies; rebellions and uprisings; Irish Jacobitism, particularly as it was embodied in poetic works; the Jacobite diaspora to the European continent; the Stuart courts in exile; and Jacobite culture, including literature. The significance of Jacobitism for English literary history is examined, and major controversies, including the debate over Samuel Johnson, are discussed.
Establishing a translational genomics infrastructure in pediatric cancer: the GREAT KIDS experience

We have recently established a biobanking and sequencing pipeline at the University of Chicago dubbed Genomics for Risk Evaluation and Anticancer Therapy in Kids. We plan to intersect family and personal history of cancer and other diseases with multidimensional genomic profiling in order to: understand how genetics may have contributed to the development of cancer for each child, and investigate the spectrum of genomic alterations within a tumor spatially (e.g., primary site vs distant metastasis) and over time (e.g., diagnosis vs relapse). This review highlights some of the practical considerations involved in creating such a program including the capacity to use our platform for multi-institutional collaborations.
Point defects in Sc 2 O 3 thin films by ion beam sputtering

We show that the concentration of oxygen interstitials trapped in Sc2O3 films by ion beam sputtering from metal targets can be controlled by modifying deposition conditions. We have identified point defects in the form of oxygen interstitials that are present in Sc2O3 films, in significantly high concentrations, i.e., ∼1018 cm−3. These results show a correlation between the increase of oxygen interstitials and the increase in stress and optical absorption in the films. Sc2O3 films with the lowest stress and optical absorption loss at 1 μm wavelength were obtained when using a low oxygen partial pressure and low beam voltage.
Thomson Scattering from High- Z Laser-Produced Plasmas

We present the first simultaneous observations of ion acoustic and electron plasma waves in laser-produced dense plasmas with Thomson scattering. In addition to measuring the standard plasma parameters, electron temperature and density, this novel experimental technique is shown to be a sensitive method for temporally and spatially resolved measurements of the averaged ionization stage of the plasma. Experiments with highly ionized gold plasmas clearly show that the inclusion of dielectronic recombination in radiation-hydrodynamic modeling is critically important to model cooling plasmas.
The Dynamic Lot-Sizing Problem for Multiple Items Under Limited Capacity

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of scheduling the timing and quantities of production of n different products over m periods for a single production facility with a prespecified capacity. We assume that the demand is deterministic and can vary from one period to another and from one product to another. The objective is to minimize the sum of production setup and inventory holding costs. For medium-size problems, optimal solution algorithms do not yet exist and therefore heuristic solution algorithms are of interest. Most of the existing heuristics make use of the “forward-pass” concept in one way or the other. Forward pass means we begin by determining the lot sizes for earlier periods before moving to study the later periods. In this paper we study the forward-pass approach as well as a different solution approach which we call the four-step algorithm. We develop the feasibility conditions for pure forward-pass algorithms. Finally, we perform a comparative evaluation study.
Biosynthesis of brain sphingolipids and myelin accumulation in the mouse.

Microsomal fractions were prepared from the brains of mice sacrificed at 13 are points between 5 and 48 days of age. Several enzymatic activities implicated in sphingolipid biosynthesis were assayed. The developmental pattern for the terminal step in galactosylceramide synthesis, transfer of galactose from UDP-galactose to ceramide, peaked sharply at 17–19 days of age. Thus maximal activity for biosynthesis of this relatively myelin specific lipid appears slightly before the time period of maximal rate of accumulation of myelin (21–23 days). These latter data were obtained by isolating myelin from mice at 10 age points from 9 to 45 days of age. A control enzymatic activity, transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose to ceramide to form glucosylceramide, was high at all age points with a broad peak between 20 and 35 days of age. Condensation of palmitoyl-CoA and serine to form ketodihydrosphingosine, a common precursor to both glucosyl- and galactosylceramide also followed a developmental pattern of high activity at all age points, but peaked slightly at ca. 10–12 days of age.