cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of the production tax credit on wind energy production in deregulated electricity markets

Abstract This letter estimates the asymmetric influence of the production tax credit on wind energy production. I find that states with deregulated electricity markets were more responsive to the tax incentive than their regulated counterparts. Excluding any external benefits from wind production, this dissimilarity amounts to a monthly difference of up to $464,450 in federal benefits.
A survey and comparison of commercial and open-source robotic simulator software

Simulators play an important role in robotics research as tools for testing the efficiency, safety, and robustness of new algorithms. This is of particular importance in scenarios that require robots to closely interact with humans, e.g., in medical robotics, and in assistive environments. Despite the increasing number of commercial and open-source robotic simulation tools, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive up-to-date survey paper has reviewed and compared their features. This survey paper presents a comprehensive and detailed overview and a comparison between the most recent and popular commercial and open-source robotic software for simulation and interfacing with real robots. A case-study is presented, showing the versatility in porting the control code from a simulation to a real robot. Finally, a detailed step-by-step documentation on software installation and usage has been made available publicly on the Internet, together with downloadable code examples.
Protecting TCP services from denial of service attacks

In this paper, we present a scheme that protects legitimate traffic from the large volume of attackers packets during a DDoS attack. Legitimate packets can be recognized by the tokens they carry in the IP header. Obtaining a token does not require protocol additions or changes, rather it is automatically obtained when a TCP connection is established. We believe that the Implicit Token Scheme (ITS) has numerous advantages: (1) It is totally transparent to clients. (2) No new protocols or modification of existing ones is needed to implement ITS. (3) Operations required by intermediate routers are computationally not more intensive than a couple of addition operations which could be easily done at wire-speed. (4) Does not lead to false positives. (5) Can sustain server availability even during attacks involving hundreds of thousands of attackers.
Tryptophan metabolites: a scent signature for cancer's immunosuppressive status?

Commentary to: IDO inhibits T-cell function through suppressing Vav1 expression and activation Runmei Li, Feng Wei, Jinpu Yu, Hui Li, Xiubao Ren, Xishan Hao
Improved synthesis of functionalized molecular platforms related to marine cyclopeptides.

Abstract We report an improved synthesis of new molecular platforms, functionalized for studies in molecular recognition and combinatorial chemistry. Their structures are related to naturally occurring marine cyclopeptides such as the Dolostatins and Dendroamides that feature side chain functionality positioned on the same face of a rigid platform. Incorporation of methyl substituted oxazole and thiazole rings into the platforms enhances the rigidity of structure and significantly improves the yields of the macrocyclization reaction in the synthesis.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy: the inverse, the converse, and the perverse.

Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a refinement of current radiotherapy techniques rather than a major breakthrough. The term IMRT includes several different techniques that all share with classical arc therapy the principle of using multiple fields to reduce the dose to normal tissues, but integrating to a higher dose throughout the tumor volume itself. This paper reviews not only the putative upside but also the downside of the development of IMRT. Theoretical, practical, and cost considerations, both positive and negative, are discussed. There are several issues to be considered, but the most important perversely predict a significant increase in radiation-induced neoplasms, resulting not only from larger volumes of tissue exposed to more modest but still mutagenic doses, but also from a significant increase in total body dose from leakage, because the beam is typically on for a considerably longer period of time than is conventional. A plea is made for radiation oncologists to maintain a strong biologic and cellular orientation as oncology rapidly becomes more molecular in its orientation.
A method for removing surface contamination on ultra-pure copper spectrometer components

Spectrometers for the lowest-level radiometric measurements require materials of extreme radiopurity. Measurements of rare nuclear decays, e.g., neutrinoless double-beta decay, can require construction and shielding materials with bulk radiopurity reaching one micro-Becquerel per kilogram or less. When such extreme material purity is achieved, surface contamination, particularly solid daughters in the natural radon decay chains, can become the limiting background. High-purity copper is an important material for ultra-low-background spectrometers and thus is the focus of this work. A method for removing surface contamination at very low levels without attacking the bulk material is described. An assay method using a low-background proportional counter made of the material under examination is employed, and the preliminary result of achievable surface contamination levels is presented.
Twentieth-century political economy: a brief history of global capitalism

Modern capitalism emerged in the early nineteenth century in western Europe and the European offshoots of the Americas and Oceania. Recognizing the unparalleled dynamism of the new socio-economic system, Marx and Engels predicted in 1848 that capitalism would spread to the entire world. By the end of the twentieth century, that prediction was confirmed: capitalism had indeed become global, but only after a tortuous and violent course of institutional change in many parts of the world. This paper provides a brief account of the emergence of global capitalism, and discusses some of the reasons why the diffusion of capitalism has been so conflictual and violently contested. Copyright 1999 by Oxford University Press.
Systems analysis of multiple regulator perturbations allows discovery of virulence factors in Salmonella

Systemic bacterial infections are highly regulated and complex processes that are orchestrated by numerous virulence factors. Genes that are coordinately controlled by the set of regulators required for systemic infection are potentially required for pathogenicity. In this study we present a systems biology approach in which sample-matched multi-omic measurements of fourteen virulence-essential regulator mutants were coupled with computational network analysis to efficiently identify Salmonella virulence factors. Immunoblot experiments verified network-predicted virulence factors and a subset was determined to be secreted into the host cytoplasm, suggesting that they are virulence factors directly interacting with host cellular components. Two of these, SrfN and PagK2, were required for full mouse virulence and were shown to be translocated independent of either of the type III secretion systems in Salmonella or the type III injectisome-related flagellar mechanism. Integrating multi-omic datasets from Salmonella mutants lacking virulence regulators not only identified novel virulence factors but also defined a new class of translocated effectors involved in pathogenesis. The success of this strategy at discovery of known and novel virulence factors suggests that the approach may have applicability for other bacterial pathogens.
Pharmaceutical profiling case study in disruption.

This research was supported (in part) by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NCATS.
Effect of the Translational-Diffusion Mechanism on the Low-Field NMR Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time in the Rotating Reference Frame: Calculation of the Order Parameter p

The effect of the translational-diffusion mechanism on the low-field NMR spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating reference frame is calculated for simple cubic, body-centered cubic, and face-centered cubic lattices. The results of these calculations suggest a new method for determining the preferred diffusion mechanism. Previously NMR has been able to provide a direct measurement of the activation energy only; a theory has always been needed to determine the jump frequency from the experimentally measured relaxation time. Recently Slichter and Ailion developed a new technique for the study of ultraslow diffusion which is applicable when the mean time $\ensuremath{\tau}$ between atomic jumps is less than the spin-lattice relaxation time ${T}_{1}$. In their theory, an order parameter $p$ appears in the relationship between the experimentally measured relaxation time and $\ensuremath{\tau}$. This parameter $p$ depends upon the diffusion mechanism and the angle $\ensuremath{\theta}$, which describes the orientation of the crystal with respect to the external magnetic field. In this paper we have calculated $p$ versus $\ensuremath{\theta}$ for vacancy diffusion, interstitialcy diffusion, and interstitial diffusion in bcc, fcc, and sc lattices for two cases. In the first case, we have assumed that ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{i}$, the mean time that an interstitial atom occupies a particular site between jumps, is longer than ${T}_{2}$, the spin-spin relaxation time, and we have found that the angular dependence of $p$ is quite different for different mechanisms. In the second case, we have assumed that ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{i}l{T}_{2}$ and have found that the angular dependence of $p$ for interstitialcy diffusion differs from the vacancy results by approximately 10% for the three lattices considered. These theoretical results, when combined with experimental measurements of the angular dependence of the low-field relaxation time, provide a method for the direct determination of the mechanism responsible for diffusion in these crystals.
The Iron Age World‐System

This article aims to construct an overview of the Near Eastern Iron Age world-system (1150–200 bce). Utilizing Giovanni Arrighi's conceptualization of the modern world-system, it argues that in contrast to civilizational empires and loosely integrated ecumenes, the Iron Age system exhibited many of the same features – a long-term transformational logic, alternating cycles of hegemony, anarchy and chaos, and the increasing size of the containers of power. To this end, it examines the organization of the Iron Age system by commercially and maritime-oriented Phoenician city-states; its consolidation as a system of territorial states under the hegemony of the Neo-Assyrian Empire; its apex under the Achaemenid Empire, which constructed a territorial empire that covered the entire Near Eastern heartland of this system; its final phase in the form of a Hellenistic condominium of kingdoms that were linked by knowledge networks; and its ultimate dissolution with the rise of a Eurasian trading ecumene, and of new durable civilizations that formed in the Mediterranean and on the Iranian Plateau and effected a core-shift away from the Near East.
Biorelevant characterization of biopolymers

Abstract Polymeric biomaterials are synthetically derived or modified biological polymers designed for in vivo use or for use in the proximity of biological fluids. As is common in the polymer industry, these polymers are produced in bulk and then shaped for a specific end-use. Characterization of biopolymers has two purposes: 1. development of parameters for processing; 2. determination of end-use performance characteristics. In biorelevant testing of polymers, the temperature of interest is limited to 37±3 °C, and it is the time effects in aqueous environment containing biological molecules that are critical. Parameters that may serve to accelerate biopolymer response include sample surface area and the concentration of molecules present in the test environment. The development of biorelevant TA databases allows the rational correlation of biorelevant and conventional TA responses and offers an avenue for the development of accelerated aging evaluation procedures. Polymeric biomaterials, especially new compositions, are often tested for biocompatibility, bioerosion rate or cell growth specificity without regard to the morphological structures introduced during materials processing. It will be shown that in addition to the potential influence on biological response, processing induced structure profoundly influences materials properties under biorelevant conditions. Using a combinatorial library of polymeric, bioerodable compositions, these issues will be explored with emphasis on in vivo dimensional stability and mechanical property retention.
The effect of pore diffusion on the dissolution of porous mixtures

Abstract When a suspended solid dissolves in acid, the dissolved ions can diffuse further into the suspension. In many cases, these diffusing ions will effect precipitation of the same solid that was initially dissolved. This effect, which depends on a non-linear solubility, can usually be successfully predicted by assuming that the process is diffusion controlled. The predictions depend on diffusion and dissolution proceeding in parallel, and so represent an extension of earlier analyses where diffusion and reaction occurred sequentially.
The structure and function of academic self‐concept in gifted and general education students

Using structural equation modeling techniques, this exploratory study investigated the differences in the factor structure of academic self‐perceptions in a sample of gifted students and within a general population of students. The factor structure exhibited partial measurement invariance, suggesting that two of the items on the factor work differently in the gifted sample than in the sample from the general population. The gifted sample demonstrated higher academic self‐perceptions than the general school sample and higher self‐reported GPAs than the general school sample. However, the relationship between academic self‐perceptions and self‐reported GPA was invariant across groups. For both gifted students and the general population of high school students, GPA and academic self‐perceptions were moderately and positively related. Therefore, although there are large mean differences between gifted students and the general population of students on the academic self‐perceptions scale, the structure of the ...
Laboratory Studies on the Adult Behavior of Conophthorus coniperda (Schwarz) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). I. Seasonal Changes in the Internal Anatomy of the Adult

Conophthorus coniperda does not feed from the time of adult emergence to the following spring. The gonads develop only after feeding, mating takes place at least twice, and oviposition continues over a considerable period. Flight muscle degeneration takes place at the time of gonadal activity. Regeneration is apparently possible, at least in some individuals. Starvation of adults at definite periods of the year suggests the severity of competition for suitable food within even a moderate population.
Trophoblast concept as applied to therian mammals

Available evidence provides little support for a recent proposal that the term "trophoblast" be applied solely to eutherian mammals. Arguments for such a restricted usage are based on a dichotomous interpretation of therian reproduction that underestimates the developmental, structural, and functional diversity of trophoblastic tissues occurring within the infraclass Eutherian. The occurrence of developmental patterns that are phenotypically intermediate between those of commonly studied eutherians and metatherians suggests that blastocyst development is not fundamentally different in marsupials and eutherians. The trophoblast of marsupials accomplishes most or all of the major functions of the eutherian trophoblast, including maternal-fetal physiological exchange, implantation, contribution to placental membranes, steroid metabolism, and possibly, immunological protection of the conceptus. Furthermore, application of the term "trophoblast" to marsupials is consistent with present and past usage, as well as with the original definition and etymological derivation of the term. Therefore, we recommend that the term "trophoblast" continue to be applied in a functional-morphological sense to the appropriate extraembryonic tissues of marsupials. Such use of functional (rather than taxonomic) criteria for application of this term avoids biasing interpretations of mammalian reproductive evolution.
Cost effectiveness, chemotherapy, and the clinician.

Economic evaluations of health care can be used by policy makers and other decision makers to compare the cost effectiveness of different treatment strategies and to make decisions about the allocation of scarce resources, such as dollars spent on health care. This commentary focuses on two journal articles address the cost effectiveness of docetaxel, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (TAC) compared to 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (FAC) in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer using data from a clinical trial, BCIRG 001 Both studies found that, despite the higher costs of TAC, the greater efficacy of this regimen in patients enrolled in BCIRG 001 led to a favourable cost effectiveness ratio.
Technique comparison for efficient orthodontic tooth measurements using digital models.

Objective: To determine the best technique for measuring mesial-distal tooth widths on digital models. Methods: The individual mesial-distal tooth widths were measured (first molar to first molar, maxillary and mandibular) on 32 stone casts and corresponding digital models (emodels, GeoDigm, Chanhassen, Minn). The digital models were measured using five different techniques: occlusal aspect, occlusal aspect zooming in on each individual tooth, facial aspect rotating as needed, facial aspect from three standard positions (R buccal, facial, and L buccal), and qualitatively rotating the model in any position deemed necessary. Measurements were repeated three times at least 1 week apart. The operator time needed to complete each set of measurements was recorded. Results: Four of five digital measurement techniques (except for the facial aspect from three standard positions) showed a slight positive bias (overestimation in measured width) compared with stone cast measurements. Measuring from the occlusal aspect resulted in the greatest Pearson correlation (98.509%), the least Altman-Bland standard deviation of differences value (1.881 mm), and the second fastest measuring time (2 minutes 3 seconds). Qualitatively rotating the model had similar Pearson correlation and Altman-Bland values to the Occlusal technique but took the longest time to measure (7 minutes 1 second). Conclusions: The Occlusal measurement technique for digital models was the best combination of accuracy, repeatability, and speed of measurement. (Angle Orthod. 2010;80:254–261.)
Adaptive Two-level Thread Management for Fast MPI Execution on Shared Memory Machines

This paper addresses performance portability of MPI code on multiprogrammed shared memory machines. Conventional MPI implementations map each MPI node to an OS process, which suffers severe performance degradation in multiprogrammed environments. Our previous work (TMPI) has developed compile/run-time techniques to support threaded MPI execution by mapping each MPI node to a kernel thread. However, kernel threads have context switch cost higher than user-level threads and this leads to longer spinning time requirement during MPI synchronization. This paper presents an adaptive two-level thread scheme for MPI to reduce context switch and synchronization cost. This scheme also exposes thread scheduling information at user-level, which allows us to design an adaptive event waiting strategy to minimize CPU spinning and exploit cache affinity. Our experiments show that the MPI system based on the proposed techniques has great performance advantages over the previous version of TMPI and the SGI MPI implementation in multiprogrammed environments. The improvement ratio can reach as much as 161% or even more depending on the degree of multiprogramming.
Can you Predict the Overjustification Effect

The overjustification effect refers to the undermining of one's intrinsic motivation by extrinsic rewards. Researchers have noted the counterintuitive nature of the finding, yet when students are i...
Fully self-aligned tri-layer a-Si:H thin-film transistors with deposited doped contact layer

We demonstrate a new self-aligned TFT process for hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (a-Si:H TFTs). Two backside exposure photolithography steps are used to fabricate fully self-aligned tri-layer TFTs with deposited n/sup +/ contacts. Since no critical data alignment is required, this simple process is well suited to fabrication of short channel TFTs. We have fabricated fully self-aligned tri-layer a-Si:H TFTs with excellent device performance, and contact overlaps 10/sup 7/.
Psychology in Primary Health Care: Effects of Brief Targeted Therapy on Children's Medical Care Utilization

Evaluated the impact of psychological treatment for 93 children (ages 1-15) with common behavior, toilet, school, and psychosomatic problems. Children and parents, who were members of a health maintenance organization, had 1-6 visits to a primary care-based psychological consultation service. Individualized treatment was guided by problem-specific behavioral protocols. Parent outcome and behavior checklist ratings indicated improvement or resolution for 74% of children and high satisfaction with the psychological service. Children's use of medical services, especially acute primary care visits, was reduced during the year after treatment; a matched comparison group's use was unchanged. Addressing children's unmet mental health needs reduces medical care utilization. A primary health care model of psychological services provides an integrated system for serving the health and mental health needs of children.
The Calculus of Consent and real world constitution-making

The modern analysis of constitutional choice, which began 50 years ago with the publication of The Calculus of Consent, is highly relevant in today’s world. In recent times, calls for crafting new constitutional arrangements have been heard in the wake of the Arab Spring and in formation of new countries like South Sudan. Constitutional reform is similarly on the agenda in countries like Thailand, India, Hungary, and Belgium. And recent ‘nation building’ efforts have also introduced new constitutions in countries like Iraq and Afghanistan. These efforts to craft new national constitutions can benefit enormously from the scholarship stimulated by The Calculus of Consent. This paper describes an initial attempt to apply some of the insights from the Calculus as well as the subsequent scholarship in public choice economics and constitutional political economy to the challenges of crafting the constitutional charters of Somaliland and Nepal. Admittedly, this is a limited set of experiences, but one that I hope can encourage others to take up the challenge of applying the insights of the Calculus to designing frameworks for self-governance in the real world. Following brief accounts of the recent conflicts and constitutional processes in both countries, the paper highlights major insights from the Calculus and related scholarship that has proved to be of particular relevance to contemporary constitutional drafters.
Applications of Brain–Machine Interface Systems in Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation

Stroke is a leading cause of disability, signifi- cantly impacting the quality of life (QOL) in survivors, and rehabilitation remains the mainstay of treatment in these patients. Recent engineering and technological advances such as brain-machine interfaces (BMI) and robotic reha- bilitative devices are promising to enhance stroke neu- rorehabilitation, to accelerate functional recovery and improve QOL. This review discusses the recent applica- tions of BMI and robotic-assisted rehabilitation in stroke patients. We present the framework for integrated BMI and robotic-assisted therapies, and discuss their potential ther- apeutic, assistive and diagnostic functions in stroke reha- bilitation. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on the potential challenges and future directions of these neuro- technologies, and their impact on clinical rehabilitation.
Color standardization in whole slide imaging using a color calibration slide

Background: Color consistency in histology images is still an issue in digital pathology. Different imaging systems reproduced the colors of a histological slide differently. Materials and Methods: Color correction was implemented using the color information of the nine color patches of a color calibration slide. The inherent spectral colors of these patches along with their scanned colors were used to derive a color correction matrix whose coefficients were used to convert the pixels' colors to their target colors. Results: There was a significant reduction in the CIELAB color difference, between images of the same H & E histological slide produced by two different whole slide scanners by 3.42 units, P Conclusion: Color variations in histological images brought about by whole slide scanning can be effectively normalized with the use of the color calibration slide.
Network Effects and Technology Licensing

Information technology innovations that lead to new products/services exhibiting network effects form an increasingly important driver of economic growth. A paramount question faced by such innovators is whether to offer the innovation to other firms that compete with them in the same market. In this paper, we consider a firms licensing choice in presence of network effects. The economics literature has found that producer-innovators should use royalties instead of fixed fees when licensing. We find, however, that as the intensity of the network effect increases, the choice of licensing mechanism shifts from a royalty-based regime to a fee-based regime. Furthermore, in each regime, the optimal royalty rate or the optimal fee is influenced by the intensity of the network effect, the investment needed to replicate the innovation, and the size of the potential market. Our results provide valuable insights in formulating licensing decisions in industries that exhibit network effects.
Efficacy of interferon monotherapy in the treatment of relapsers and nonresponders with chronic hepatitis C infection

Results of numerous studies have demonstrated similar efficacy profiles for the interferons (IFNs) currently approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Although it has been suggested that some IFNs are more efficacious in certain patient populations, the current data support an equivalent efficacy and safety profile for these agents. Among patients requiring retreatment, no single study has made a direct comparison of IFN alfa-2b (IFN-α2b) and consensus IFN (CIFN) in patients who have relapsed or have not responded to previous IFN therapy. However, at least 11 studies using IFN-α2b and 1 using CIFN have demonstrated efficacy in the relapsing and nonresponding patient populations. A review of these studies suggests that overall efficacy and tolerability are similar regardless of IFN-α subtype. Overall, up to 59% and 83% of relapsed patients retreated with IFN have shown sustained response rates, as measured by negative HCV RNA titer and normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, respectively. Up to 14% and 25% of patients who failed to respond to previous IFN therapy have shown sustained HCV RNA response and normalization of ALT, respectively, after retreatment.
An investigation of self‐efficacy, partner support and daily stresses as predictors of relapse to smoking in self‐quitters

Six hundred and thirty smokers who intended to quit smoking themselves completed pre-cessation measures of self-efficacy, partner support, daily stresses and demographics. Subjects were contacted at 2, 7, 14, 30, 90 and 180 days post-cessation to determine smoking status and to re-administer the measures at 7, 14 and 30 days post-cessation. A series of logistic regression examined which prospective factors best predicted relapse between 0-2 days, 3-7 days, 8-14 days, 15-30 days, 31-90 days and 91-180 days. Relapse was predicted by different variables at different times; however, self-efficacy was a consistent predictor of relapse over time.
Systematic reliability improvements on the GRAIL project

This paper describes the system engineering processes used on the GRAIL mission to both improve the probability of mission success and the overall reliability. The GRAIL mission is a Discovery class mission designed to map the gravity field of the moon in 2012 during a 3 month science collection period. The mission requires two spacecraft to fly in formation to obtain ranging data between the spacecraft. The ranging data constitutes the science data set which is then analyzed to create the lunar gravity solution. These spacecraft are largely single string, requiring that they have high reliability. The short data collection window of 3 months requires that the spacecraft also have high availability during the data collection period. During the formulation phase (Phase B) of the GRAIL project, the project team implemented a multi-prong approach to identify potential issues with the conceptual (Phase A) design. The project team assessed each of these issues and implemented changes which were deemed cost effective and technically feasible. The processes used and resulting decisions made during the formulation phase to identify, assess and implement potential reliability improvements to the GRAIL mission as well as the resulting design are the focus of this paper.12
Analyzing Recent Research in Computer Mediated Corrective Feedback from the Period 2008-2014

There are different innovations in computer-mediated corrective feedback (henceforth CMCF), which help in offering corrective feedback to the students and proved to have an effect on learners’ linguistics outcomes. This study aims to present comprehensive representation of what has been investigated in the area of CMCF. In addition, it aims to analyze the effectiveness of recent CMCF research regard to adopting different research designs, different technologies, settings & types of feedback, different participants’ characteristics and different language and skill taught. The corpus of analysis consist 23 articles were collected from six well-known journals in the field of CALL from 2008 to 2014. The findings indicate that CMCF proved its effectiveness regardless adopting the above-mentioned variables.
Immunohistochemistry for the detection of neural and inflammatory cells in equine brain tissue

Phenotypic characterization of cellular responses in equine infectious encephalitides has had limited description of both peripheral and resident cell populations in central nervous system (CNS) tissues due to limited species-specific reagents that react with formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue (FFPE). This study identified a set of antibodies for investigating the immunopathology of infectious CNS diseases in horses. Multiple commercially available staining reagents and antibodies derived from antigens of various species for manual immunohistochemistry (IHC) were screened. Several techniques and reagents for heat-induced antigen retrieval, non-specific protein blocking, endogenous peroxidase blocking, and visualization-detection systems were tested during IHC protocol development. Boiling of slides in a low pH, citrate-based buffer solution in a double-boiler system was most consistent for epitope retrieval. Pressure-cooking, microwaving, high pH buffers, and proteinase K solutions often resulted in tissue disruption or no reactivity. Optimal blocking reagents and concentrations of each working antibody were determined. Ultimately, a set of monoclonal (mAb) and polyclonal antibodies (pAb) were identified for CD3(+) (pAb A0452, Dako) T-lymphocytes, CD79αcy(+) B-lymphocytes (mAb HM57, Dako), macrophages (mAb MAC387, Leica), NF-H(+) neurons (mAb NAP4, EnCor Biotechnology), microglia/macrophage (pAb Iba-1, Wako), and GFAP(+) astrocytes (mAb 5C10, EnCor Biotechnology). In paraffin embedded tissues, mAbs and pAbs derived from human and swine antigens were very successful at binding equine tissue targets. Individual, optimized protocols are provided for each positively reactive antibody for analyzing equine neuroinflammatory disease histopathology.
Global English, discourse and translation: Linking constructions in English and German popular science texts

This paper first briefly discusses the relationship between comparative discourse analyses of original and translated texts as the basis for revealing the behavior of a particular linguistic phenomenon in context and use. Concretely, the paper examines how global English impacts on translations from English into German with regard to so-called ‘linking constructions,’ a hitherto rather neglected area of connectivity in discourse. The analysis focusses on the forms, functions, distribution, and the translation equivalents in parallel and comparable corpora. Results indicate that the use of linking constructions differs substantially in English and German discourse, and these differences may well block English influence on German discourse norms via translation.
Distribution and Abundance of Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Fonnicidae) in Florida Sugarcane Fields

Twenty-eight sugarcane fields in Florida were sampled for ants using baits or pitfall traps. Using baits, the imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, was clearly the dominant ant species being found in the highest percentage of all fields, the highest percentage of all bait cards, the greatest total number caught, and the highest relative abundance. Using pitfall traps, S. invicta was again the dominant ant species being found in the highest percentage of all fields, the highest percentage of all pitfall traps, the greatest total number caught, and the highest relative abundance. S. invicta was first found in Florida sugarcane in 1970. Our data show that since 1970 S. invicta has become the dominant ant species in Florida sugarcane resulting in a large reduction in the relative abundance of other ant species.
Policy Outputs and Bureaucracy The Roles of Need, Demand, and Agency Structure

One of the most significant findings of past policy research is that policy outputs are largely determined by environmental pressures rather than by any structural features of the policymaking unit itself. Yet this conclusion is problematic because it is limited in two major respects. First, there are serious problems with the measurement of concepts basic to all policy output studies. Second, past research has focused almost exclusively on the policymaking activities of legislative bodies, neglecting the increasingly important role that bureaucracies play in the policy process. This article overcomes these limitations through a bureaucratic-level analysis of policy outputs that circumvents the measurement problems of previous research. Using data on the noise abatement policies of public airport departments in the United States, two models of outputs are developed: one emphasizing the effects of environmental factors on the adoption of noise abatement policies, and the other emphasizing the effects of th...
Research and Discussion on Dynamic Warning Program of On-line Icing Monitoring System Based on the Growth Rate of Icing

Taking the forcasting manner of online icing monitoring system as subject, this paper proposes icing on-line monitoring system based on icing growing rate.In this scheme, based on icing growing rate together with weather forcasting informaion, the alarm timing when the cover ice reaches the designed value is calculated, therefore to dynamically forcast the icing condition, and brings out a reference to trigger de-icer system.
A NOMA and MU-MIMO Supported Cellular Network with Underlaid D2D Communications

Abstract-The paper studies a scheme that jointly considers beamforming based MU-MIMO and NOMA in a downlink cellular network with underlaid D2D users. Two different MU-MIMO beamforming schemes are developed. The first beamforming scheme aims to eliminate the interference caused by different beams while the second one aims to cancel out the interference from base stations to D2D users. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the total system sum throughput of both cellular users and D2D users. Since the optimization problem is NP hard and difficult to solve, we develop a suboptimal sequential solution by determining the zero-forcing beamforming matrix for MU-MIMO first. Then a user grouping and optimal power allocation algorithm is proposed in order to maximize the capacity of cellular users in each beam. Simulation results show that MUMIMO beamforming, NOMA and D2D together will significantly improve the overall system throughput.
Volunteer website for the older adult

The need for volunteering has always been high, and the desire to volunteer has also been equally as significant especially for those who have retired or are nearing retirement. For those in the senior age group, volunteering is one way to give back to the community and to stay active. In this particular study, the ages of the participants ranged from 55 to 70. With this in mind, a prototype website for this particular age group was created that easily and efficiently found volunteer work around the area in which the individuals reside.
A modified mass selection scheme for creating winter-hardy faba bean (Vicia faba L.) lines with a broad genetic base

Winter-hardy faba bean (Vicia faba L.) from northern Europe is represented by a rather narrow gene pool. Limited selection gains for overwintering below −25 °C have restricted the adoption of this crop. Therefore, the faba bean collection maintained by the USDA-ARS National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) was utilized to broaden this genetic base by identifying potentially new sources of winter-hardiness using a modified mass selection scheme. From an initial source population, bulk-harvested micro-plots of 466 NPGS accessions, four different bulks were formed by harvesting seeds from plants that survived at four locations representing a range of overwintering selection environments across southeastern Washington. These four bulk populations were then mass selected for three cycles based on winter survival along with a selected group of advanced northern European populations or breeding lines at two southeastern Washington locations with divergent climates. This procedure generated breeding materials with winter-hardiness comparable to the northern European populations. We observed that Northern European populations showed slower annual gains in percent survival ( 5%). Further, the frequency of large seeded populations (>80 g × 100 seed−1) was reduced over time, suggesting an association between seed size and overwintering. The breeding materials generated by mass selection are useful for the future improvement of faba bean as a fall-sown pulse or cover crop.
Pulse frequency and soil-litter mixing alter the control of cumulative precipitation over litter decomposition.

Macroclimate has traditionally been considered the predominant driver of litter decomposition. However, in drylands, cumulative monthly or annual precipitation typically fails to predict decomposition. In these systems, the windows of opportunity for decomposer activity may rather depend on the precipitation frequency and local factors affecting litter desiccation, such as soil-litter mixing. We used a full-factorial microcosm experiment to disentangle the relative importance of cumulative precipitation, pulse frequency, and soil-litter mixing on litter decomposition. Decomposition, measured as litter carbon loss, saturated with increasing cumulative precipitation when pulses were large and infrequent, suggesting that litter moisture no longer increased and/or microbial activity was no longer limited by water availability above a certain pulse size. More frequent precipitation pulses led to increased decomposition at high levels of cumulative precipitation. Soil-litter mixing consistently increased decomposition, with greatest relative increase (+194%) under the driest conditions. Collectively, our results highlight the need to consider precipitation at finer temporal scale and incorporate soil-litter mixing as key driver of decomposition in drylands. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Gender Differences in IS: A literature Review

Gender focused research has been published in IS journals since the mid-1990s. In this paper, we conduct a literature review of this research stream by analyzing the academic, crossover, and practitioner IS literature that focuses on gender issues. Our search revealed 44 total gender focused IS journal articles, all of which are concerned with identifying and attempting to explain gender differences. These articles were analyzed and systematically grouped them into four main categories: IT workforce, behavioral, prescriptive/guidance, and education. These main categories were then split into subcategory clusters. We examined publication trends over time in regards to journal outlets, main categories, and the subcategories. As a result of this effort gaps in the gender literature are identified. Recommendations to guide future research efforts of both academicians and practitioners are provided.
What’s Materialism? Testing the Two Dominant Perspectives on Materialism

Materialism is defined as “the importance a consumer attaches to worldly possessions” (Belk, 1984, p. 291). However, scholars (e.g., Larsen, Sirgy, & Wright, 1999; Shrum et al., 2012) have noted that the existing conceptualizations of materialism, and by extension measurement scales, have several drawbacks such as negative priori association and poor scale reliability (Larsen et al., 1999).
Causal Relationships Between Apartment REIT Stock Returns and Unsecuritized Residential Real Estate

Executive Summary. This study performs a complete set of Granger causality tests to examine different types of causal relationships between apartment real estate investment trust (REIT) stock retur...
Conference Session II: Creation or Evolution: Can Copyright Bring the Peace? Presented by Kenneth D. Crews, attorney, Gipson Hoffman & Pancione

Dr. Kenneth Crews gives an overview of the history of copyright law, using creation and evolution as touchstones for the quick leaps and long crawls made in this discipline. Using multiple examples, the often-contentious history of copyright law is presented in an approachable and understandable manner. Tensions between many of the forces that have shaped, and still are shaping, copyright law are discussed, including the tension between creators and consumers of copyrightable materials. In the end, both forces are shown to be not only important to, but necessary for, the development of U.S. copyright law. The program closed with a call to action for attendees to speak out on copyright law and to become part of the forces that continue to create change in this discipline.
Insight into job search self-regulation: Effects of employment self-efficacy and perceived progress on job search intensity

Abstract This study builds on a self-regulation framework to examine the influence of employment self-efficacy and perceived progress on job search intensity. Results from a repeated-measures study with new labor market entrants indicated that job seekers with higher between-person chronic employment self-efficacy put more intensity in their job search compared to those with lower chronic employment self-efficacy. Notably, however, within-person analyses indicated that as employment self-efficacy increased, job search intensity subsequently decreased. These results provide support for social cognitive theory for between-person employment self-efficacy, and for control theory for within-person employment self-efficacy. Furthermore, increased perceived progress was positively related to subsequent job search intensity. The positive relationship of perceived progress with subsequent job search intensity was moderated by chronic employment self-efficacy, such that the relationship was positive only for job seekers with lower chronic employment self-efficacy.
Hemangioom Van De Onderlip

Binnen enkele weken tijds zag ik op een van mijn spreekuren twee patienten, beiden verwezen door de tandarts. De ene patient betrof een 14jarig meisje, dat zich om esthetische redenen stoorde aan een al van jongs af aan aanwezige blauwe verkleuring van de onderlip links, dichtbij de linker mondhoek (afbeelding 1). De andere patient betrof een 70-jarige man met een sinds zijn kinderjaren bestaande diffuse blauwrode zwelling van zijn onderlip en tevens een soortgelijke afwijking van zijn tong (afbeelding 2). Hij stoorde zich niet aan het aspect van de onderlip. Hem was vele jaren geleden verteld dat daar eigenlijk niets aan te doen was. Zijn vraag was of de zwelling van zijn tong te maken kon hebben met zijn slaapapneuklachten.
Rough Surface Scattering as Seen Through the Renormalization Group

A Renormalization Group Equation can be developed to address the ensembled averaged acoustic pressure field scattered by a random rough surface. It has been shown that there is no solution to the Renormalization Group Equation for fractal-like scatterers that obey Dirichlet or pressure-release boundary conditions, in the long wavelength limit. This leads us to develop an argument based upon dimensional analysis that suggests several fixes that would make this scattering theory finite under these conditions.
Single Channel EEG Based Score Generation to Monitor the Severity and Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a preliminary stage of Dementia. MCI is determined by behavioral screening measures such as Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE). Therefore, monitoring the progression of MCI and predicting MoCA scores from objective physiological measures like the EEG is crucial as it will not only help to improve the mental healthcare of the aging population but also to reduce healthcare costs. In this study, we demonstrate a single channel EEG based MoCA score generation method, which is cost-effective and suitable for continuous patient monitoring in the longitudinal study. We collected scalp EEG data while subjects were stimulated with five auditory speech signals. We extracted 590 features from Event-Related Brain Potentials (ERPs), which included time and spectral domain characteristics of the response. The top 11 features, ranked by mutual information, were used for building regression models to generate MoCA scores of the subjects. Robustness of our model was tested using R-squared value, mean square error (MSE), residual's quantile plot, and cook's distance. The analysis shows R-squared=0.78 with MSE=1.63, and residual analysis suggests that the model is acceptable in terms of quantile plot, leverage, and Cook's distance. The outcomes indicate that single-channel based EEG can be used to estimate cognitive scores automatically for severity detection and progression monitoring, which will help us to efficaciously assess the mental health status of elderly people to improve the prognosis and rehabilitation of age-related cognitive impairments.
Stellate Ganglion Block

Intractable chronic pain syndromes of the head and upper extremities present a common diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the pain management physician. For decades, stellate ganglion blocks have been used to help patients with complex regional pain syndromes, ischemic neuropathies, vasospastic pain syndromes, as well as other non-chronic pain-related complaints. Stellate ganglion blocks were initially performed as a blind technique based on prominent and easy to identify anatomical landmarks of the neck. The introduction of fluoroscopy and ultrasound guidance has transformed the operative paradigm and allowed for enhanced accuracy as well as safety.