cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Neonatal Research Network: History since 2003, future directions and challenges

The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Neontal Research Network (NRN) was established in 1986 in response to the need for rigorous studies to guide care and management of sick and premature newborns. The network is comprise of clinical centers that perform clinical protocols to investigate the safety and efficay of treatment and management strategies for newborn infants as well as a data cordinating center. Infrastructure is set up for observational and interventional studies as well as neurodevelopmental follow-up of patients. The network has conducted trials and observational studies on major neonatal problems including pulmonary disease, neuroprotection, sepsis and infection, necrotizing enterocolitis, vaccine administration to preterm infants, retinopathy of prematurity, cardiovascular issues including blood pressure, human milk, growth and nutrition, hematologic issues, resuscitation, pulmonary hypertension, and neurodevelopmental outcome. This mechanism of clinical research for newborns has led to changes in care practices leading to improved outcomes for high-risk infants.
Chapter 21 – Genetic Aspects of Human Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUTs) are among the most frequent organ malformations. They are a relevant cause of chronic renal failure in children and young adults. In addition to isolated forms of CAKUT, more than 500 syndromes that are characterized by combined defects of the kidney and other organ systems have been described. Familial aggregation of renal malformations in approximately 10% of patients suggests that genetic events might be involved. Defective budding and branching of the ureter caused by mutations in renal developmental genes have been identified to play a crucial role in CAKUT pathogenesis. Modifying effects of additional sequence variations and epigenetic events seem to enhance the phenotypic variability in a subset of affected families. Genetic counseling of these families can be difficult. By contrast, in patients with defined autosomal dominant disease, and with respect to additional extrarenal symptoms, genetic counseling is of high clinical relevance. Because of the growing in-depth knowledge of biological processes orchestrating ureteral budding and early kidney organogenesis, the development of numerous genetic knockout mouse models, the identification of specific renal developmental genes and the application of novel sequencing techniques, our understanding of kidney development has largely improved during recent years. We focus here on important genetic factors that influence nephrogenesis and highlight important human disorders that are associated with anomalies of the kidneys and the proximal and distal urinary tract. Some, but not all, are the result of a branching defect.
Nontraumatic Chylothorax: Diagnostic Algorithm and Treatment Options

Nontraumatic chylothorax is a relatively rare condition in which the intestinal lymph (chyle) leaks into the pleural cavity. Nontraumatic chylothorax is more difficult to treat than the more common traumatic chylothorax because the site of chylous leak may occur in less predictable locations. In the past, patients with nontraumatic chylothoraces were offered traditional fluoroscopically guided lymphangiography and thoracic duct embolization similar to traumatic chylothorax. However, the observation that thoracic duct embolization outcomes for nontraumatic chylothorax differed based on the imaging findings during lymphangiography has led to the development of a treatment algorithm, which incorporates noninvasive diagnostic studies, such as magnetic resonance lymphangiography. The development of this systematic approach allows better delineation of the source of the chylous leak and selection of the appropriate method of embolization. In this article, we will review the etiologies of nontraumatic chylothorax, the diagnostic work-up for managing this condition, and the treatment algorithm to care for these patients.
Adaptive Task Partitioning for Bayesian Applications

The numerical integration of the posterior in Bayesian analysis leads to a class of multivariate integration problems where the integrand has a dominant peak. As Monte-Carlo integration is inadequate, various techniques have been proposed in the literature, involving substantial reformulation with additional analysis, or transformations requiring additional problem parameters. We resort to a black-box approach provided by the ParInt multivariate integration package, which is layered over MPI to run on a distributed system, and utilizes adaptive task partitioning with load balancing to keep high-error subregions distributed over the processes. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated by detailed test results for Bayesian integrals arising as posterior expectations in linear modeling and for cross-classifications in medical data.
Spatiotemporal Changes in P-glycoprotein Levels in Brain and Peripheral Tissues Following Ischemic Stroke in Rats.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to transport a diverse array of xenobiotics, including therapeutic drugs. A member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, P-gp is a protein encoded by the gene Mdr1 in humans and Abcb1 in rodents (represented by 2 isoforms Abcb1a and Abcb1b). Lining the luminal and abluminal membrane of brain capillary endothelial cells, P-gp is a promiscuous efflux pump extruding a variety of exogenous toxins and drugs. In this study, we measured dynamic changes in Abcb1a and Abcb1b transcripts and P-gp protein in the brain, liver, and kidney after experimental stroke. P-glycoprotein has been shown to increase in brain endothelial cells following hypoxia in vitro or after exposure to proinflammatory cytokines. Using a rat model of ischemic stroke, we hypothesized that P-gp expression will be increased in the brain, liver, and kidney in response to neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke. Adult Sprague Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 mi...
Spiking, Bursting, and Population Dynamics in a Network of Growth Transform Neurons

This paper investigates the dynamical properties of a network of neurons, each of which implements an asynchronous mapping based on polynomial growth transforms. In the first part of this paper, we present a geometric approach for visualizing the dynamics of the network where each of the neurons traverses a trajectory in a dual optimization space, whereas the network itself traverses a trajectory in an equivalent primal optimization space. We show that as the network learns to solve basic classification tasks, different choices of primal-dual mapping produce unique but interpretable neural dynamics like noise shaping, spiking, and bursting. While the proposed framework is general enough, in this paper, we demonstrate its use for designing support vector machines (SVMs) that exhibit noise-shaping properties similar to those of $\Sigma \Delta $ modulators, and for designing SVMs that learn to encode information using spikes and bursts. It is demonstrated that the emergent switching, spiking, and burst dynamics produced by each neuron encodes its respective margin of separation from a classification hyperplane whose parameters are encoded by the network population dynamics. We believe that the proposed growth transform neuron model and the underlying geometric framework could serve as an important tool to connect well-established machine learning algorithms like SVMs to neuromorphic principles like spiking, bursting, population encoding, and noise shaping.
Quevedo testigo y actor de la política española de las primeras décadas del siglo XVII: "España defendida" y "Grandes anales de quince días"

The Florentine humanists of the 15th century combined public service with their work as historians. Quevedo followed that tradition from his first works like Espana defendida, and the Discurso de las privanzas. In 1613 he decided to travel to Italy to serve as secretary and right hand man of the Duke of Osuna, viceroy of Naples and Sicily. These were times of an intense activity, described in Grandes anales de quince dias, a work written to prove his innocence and to win over the new monarch and his ministers.
Equivalence of the Floquet-Magnus and Fer Expansions to Investigate the Dynamics of a Spin System in the Three-Level System.

In this work, we investigated the orders to which the Floquet–Magnus expansion (FME) and Fer expansion (FE) are equivalent or different for the three-level system. Specifically, we performed the third-order calculations of both approaches based on elegant integrations formalism. We present an important close relationship between the Floquet–Magnus and Fer expansions. As the propagator from the FME takes the form of the evolution operator, which removes the constraint of a stroboscopic observation, we appreciated the effects of time-evolution under Hamiltonians with different orders separately. Our work unifies and generalizes existing results of Floquet–Magnus and Fer approaches and delivers illustrations of novel springs that boost previous applications that are based on the classical information. Due to the lack of an unequivocal relationship between the FME and FE, some disagreements between the results produced by these theories will be found, especially in NMR experiments. Our results can find applic...
The Feasibility of Cryogenic Freeze-Out for Control of Atmospheric Trace Contaminants in Manned Spacecraft

Among the problems which must be considered for long-term manned space flight, gaseous contaminant control may be one of the most important. Early space cabin simulators were so leaky that the regular changeover of air did not allow the problem to show itself. The Mercury flights presented no contamination problem because they were of short duration and the cabin had a relatively high leakage rate of about two pounds per day. However, as longer missions require that space cabins become more airtight, trace contaminants in the cabin atmosphere may well prove to be a serious problem. Empirical data is meager on the long-term effects of the many possible contaminants on man and applicable theories concerning toxicity are lacking. Further, the procurement of additional data on long-term metabolic toxic limits can become a tremendous task.
Association of direct normal irradiance with El Niño Southern Oscillation and its consequence on concentrated solar power production in the US Southwest

Abstract The US Southwest is among the most suitable regions for the employment of concentrated solar power (CSP). The high fluctuations of direct normal irradiance (DNI) lead to significant variabilities in CSP plants power output. El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been proven as a large-scale climate phenomenon that influences the climatic behaviors and meteorological variables in the US southwest. In this study, the impacts of ENSO on DNI and CSP plants electricity production are investigated in four US southwest States of Arizona, California, Nevada and New Mexico, using 50 years (1961–2010) collected DNI data. The results demonstrate that responses of DNI to ENSO are both location and seasonal dependent due to the specific climate and DNI features of each site. Furthermore, the conducted analysis shows that each ENSO type and intensity has distinct impacts on DNI. The changes in the variability, distribution and magnitude of DNI during ENSO events can be due to changes in the atmospheric contents, cloud amounts and precipitation level caused by ENSO events. These changes lead to magnitude and continuity variations of CSP plants power output. Such variations necessitate optimizing the thermal energy storage utilization schedule and back-up energy source requirements for CSP power plants.
Case 13: You Smell Anesthesia Vapor – Where Is It Coming From?

A 45-year-old patient, American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) physical status 2, is to undergo a removal of a cerebral tumor under general anesthesia. An anesthesia machine (Drager Fabius GS, Telford, PA 18969) and breathing system check are performed before the patient’s arrival. The Drager Vapor 2000 (Drager Medical AG, Lubeck, Germany) sevoflurane vaporizer is seen to be full. Noninvasive monitors are placed, and after preoxygenation the patient is anesthetized in a routine manner. Invasive monitors (arterial line and central venous line) are placed, and the operating table is turned 180° from the anesthesia machine. The operation proceeds uneventfully. Two hours into the case, you suddenly smell anesthesia vapor around the anesthesia machine. You think you can smell more vapor around the vaporizer, but you are not sure. All vital signs are within normal limits. There are no warnings to indicate low minute volumes, apnea, or no ventilation of the patient. The rotameters show adequate flow and the pipeline pressure is 50 psi. The expired tidal volume is 600 ml, peak pressure is 25 cm, and the respiratory rate is 8. End-tidal CO2 and sevoflurane concentrations are within normal limits. (Datex Capnomac Ultima, Helsinki, Finland).
On constructing surface-distributed-scatterer ensembles for analysis of deposited-explosive-particle diffuse-reflectance spectra

This study examines using simulated spectra for analysis of diffuse IR reflectance from explosive materials that are sparsely distributed upon a surface. The simulated spectra are calculated using ensembles of reflectance spectra for non-interacting explosive particles on surfaces, which have specified dielectric response properties and particle-size distributions. Reflectance spectra for individual particles upon a surface are calculated numerically using a model based on Mie scattering theory, which assumes a spherical particle on a surface. This validation study considers a prototype system comprising a sparse distribution of RDX particles upon a soda-lime glass surface compared with experimental results.
Improved bounds for computing Kemeny rankings

Voting (or rank aggregation) is a general method for aggregating the preferences of multiple agents. One voting rule of particular interest is the Kemeny rule, which minimizes the number of cases where the final ranking disagrees with a vote on the order of two alternatives. Unfortunately, Kemeny rankings are NP-hard to compute. Recent work on computing Kemeny rankings has focused on producing good bounds to use in search-based methods. In this paper, we extend on this work by providing various improved bounding techniques. Some of these are based on cycles in the pairwise majority graph, others are based on linear programs. We completely characterize the relative strength of all of these bounds and provide some experimental results.
Nanoelectronics for DNA Sensing

The human genome sequencing is the fastest developing field of the contemporary science, possibly offering significant contribution to the personalized medicine–a cheap and fast tabletop single molecule reading device on a chip. This can be achieved with physical methods, based on the reading of an electrical response while a segment of a DNA molecule is passing through a synthetic nanopore. The challenges, and possible solutions to the problems of sensitivity of the electrical reading as well as to the control of a DNA localization and motion are considered.
Motherhood Experiences and Expectations: A Qualitative Exploration of Mothers of Toddlers

This phenomenological study explored the perceptions of motherhood among mothers of toddlers (N = 13). Four themes emerged from the data: (a) uncertainty of motherhood, (b) mother as a juggler, (c)...
Successful Kidney Transplantation Is Associated With Weight Gain From Truncal Obesity and Insulin Resistance.

Objective The objective of this study is to compare changes in body composition, lifestyle factors, and metabolic responses occurring in living kidney transplant recipient patients after transplantation. Design and Methods The study was a single-site, prospective, observational study. To identify metabolic responses during the initial years after transplantation, we obtained state-of-the-art, high-resolution measurements of body composition from a 4-compartment model using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, and total body potassium and nitrogen counters. We also assessed dietary recalls and actigraphy before transplantation and 3- and 12-month after transplantation. The study was conducted at a quaternary care hospital outpatient transplant center and a United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service center. Thirty-one adults receiving a living donor kidney allograft were studied. The main outcome measures were change in body composition at 3 months and 1 year after transplantation, and this was correlated with the occurrence of insulin resistance. Results In patients receiving a successful kidney transplant from living donors treated with standard immunosuppression, significant increases in body weight were detected at 3 and 12 months after transplantation (2.2 kg, P = .03 and 6.6 kg, P Conclusion Successful transplantation was associated with increased insulin resistance and weight gain without increases in muscle or fluid. This metabolic pattern suggests potential interventions that could prevent or mitigate the consequences of adipose tissue accumulation in transplant recipients.
Social Science and a Responsible Establishment

Sociology already has a well-developed mission to help rising classes fight inequality. Sociology has an equal duty, and already has the tools, to help the dominant classes become responsible leaders of society as a whole. Following Bourdieu’s focus on the composition of capital, we can see that the knowledge-class fraction of the dominant class has the tools to teach the corporate-class fraction of the dominant class – and their children – to become a responsible establishment for the benefit of society as a whole.
Contestable kinship: user experience and engagement on DTC genetic testing sites

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing products and their participatory social media outlets provide users with new ways to understand ancestral identity, build community around shared results, and con...
Peer victimization, depression, and sexual risk behaviors among high school youth in the United States: a gender-based approach.

Background and objectives Little research has examined how different types of peer victimization (i.e. school bullying, cyber-bullying, and physical and sexual dating violence) predict sexual risk behaviors and how depression may mediate the relationship of such behaviors with types of peer victimization. Few works have investigated gender differences in these direct and indirect associations as well. This study, therefore, examined gender differences in the direct and indirect associations among four types of peer victimization, depression, and sexual risk behaviors in United States (US) high school students. Materials and methods Data were drawn from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior System Survey, collected by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A multigroup path analysis was conducted using a national sample of high school students who reported having ever engaged in sexual intercourse (n = 5,288). Results All the peer victimization variables positively predicted depressive symptoms for both females and males. The direct effects of physical and sexual dating violence were associated with increased sexual risk behaviors for females and males. However, school-bullying victimization did not significantly predict sexual risk behaviors for either gender. Cyber-bullying victimization significantly predicted increased sexual risk behaviors for males only. Among indirect effects, depression positively mediated the relationship between cyber-bullying victimization and sexual risk behaviors for males only. Conclusions Our findings suggest that male adolescents who are victimized may actually be at higher risk of negative outcomes compared to their female adolescent peers. This study highlights the need to pay attention to male victims who may be ashamed to self-identify and difficult to detect in cyber-bullying.
Comparison of MPFL Repair Versus MPFL Reconstruction for Refractory Patella Instability in Patients Under 18 Years Old

Background:The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the primary soft-tissue restraint against lateral patellar displacement. Surgery to address MPFL incompetence is the current gold standard fo...
Constrained Window Design in Projection Stereolithography for Continuous Three-Dimensional Printing

Although continuous projection Stereolithography (SL) printing is one of the next-generation ultra-fast additive manufacturing (AM) processes, its current constrained window design of the resin vat...
On Some Nonlinear Characteristics of the Center of Grouping of Random Variables

The paper devoted to different aspects of the theory of nonlinear mean random variables, i.e., the geometric mean, harmonic mean, and average power.
Wireless Technology and Protocol for Hot and Digital Twins

The industrial Internet of things (IIoT) is an important engine for manufacturing enterprises to provide intelligent products and services. The data analysis model represented by digital twins is the core of IIoT development in the manufacturing industry. With the development of IIoT, more and more attention has been paid to the application of ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) in the field of IIoT. This paper mainly introduces the development of 3GPP for URLLC in reducing delay and enhancing reliability, as well as the research on little jitter and high transmission efficiency, and further analyzes the enhanced key technologies required in the IIoT. Finally, the application of IIoT in digital twins is analyzed according to the actual situation.
A Case of Muir-Torre Syndrome

Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by dermatological tumors along with visceral malignancies. The dermatological manifestations include recurrent sebaceous adenomas and keratoacanthomas. The commonly seen visceral malignancies are colorectal, gynecological, and urological. It is a variant of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma syndrome (HNPCC). The underlying genetic mechanism is germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes leading to microsatellite instability (MSI), conferring an increased risk of developing malignancies. This is a case of a 57-year-old male patient with a history of colon cancer diagnosed at age 32 and multiple sebaceous adenomas. The patient also has a strong family history of cancer. They were referred to oncology after the immunohistochemical staining of a sebaceous adenoma showed loss of expression for MSH2 and MSH6. Next-generation sequencing identified a mutation in the MSH2 gene. These patients require genetic testing, counseling, and close follow-up with regular screening for cancer.
A First Look at Applied Behavior Analysis Service Delivery to Latino American Families Raising a Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Recent statistics indicate children of Latino background are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) at a much later age than their non-Latino White counterparts. Once a diagnosis is made, it is critically important that families get access to evidence-based interventions, including applied behavior analysis (ABA) services. However, disadvantaging factors such as a lack of awareness of available services, poor health care access and health literacy, and language barriers may impact these families’ ability to access and maintain ABA services. The purpose of this pilot study was to obtain preliminary information on the experiences of accessing and maintaining ABA services for a sample of Latino American families living in Massachusetts. We conducted structured interviews with 28 families that had a child with ASD aged 8 years or younger. Questions in the interview were related to the background and diagnostic experiences of the child; difficulties in accessing ABA services; and for those children receiving ABA services, parents’ perceptions of the services. Results of the interviews are summarized, and implications for future research and service delivery are discussed.
Spatially-resolved measurements of spin valley polarization in MOCVD-grown monolayer WSe2.

Time-resolved Kerr rotation microscopy is used to generate and measure spin valley polarization in MOCVD-grown monolayer tungsten diselenide (WSe2). The Kerr signal reveals bi-exponential decay with time constants of 100 ps and 3 ns. Measurements are performed on several triangular flakes from the same growth cycle and reveal larger spin valley polarization near the edges of the flakes. This spatial dependence is observed across multiple WSe2 flakes in the Kerr rotation measurements but not in the spatially resolved reflectivity or microphotoluminescence data. Time-resolved pump-probe overlap measurements further reveal that the Kerr signal’s spatial dependence is not due to spin diffusion on the nanosecond timescale.
Investigating the Structure of the Children's Concentration and Empathy Scale Using Exploratory Graph Analysis

Abstract. The current paper investigates the structural validity of the Children's Concentration and Empathy Scale (CCES), which was designed based on Montessori's developmental theory to assess, u...
Back to the Future: Are Tumor-Targeting Bacteria the Next-Generation Cancer Therapy?

Abstract Cancer patients infected with various bacteria were reported, for at least two centuries, to have spontaneous remission. W.B. Coley, of what is now the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, pioneered bacterial therapy of cancer in the clinic with considerable success beginning in the late nineteenth century. After Coley died in 1936, bacterial therapy of cancer essentially ended. Currently there is much excitement in developing bacterial therapy for treating cancer using either obligate or facultative anaerobic bacteria. This chapter will demonstrate the potential and strategy of Salmonella typhimurium A1-R, an engineered tumor-targeting variant for the systemic treatment of metastatic cancer. A new concept using Salmonella typhimurium A1-R for cell cycle "decoy" chemotherapy of metastatic cancer is also described.
Determination of Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipogenesis in Mouse Primary Hepatocytes

Lipid metabolism in liver is complex. In addition to importing and exporting lipid via lipoproteins, hepatocytes can oxidize lipid via fatty acid oxidation, or alternatively, synthesize new lipid via de novo lipogenesis. The net sum of these pathways is dictated by a number of factors, which in certain disease states leads to fatty liver disease. Excess hepatic lipid accumulation is associated with whole body insulin resistance and coronary heart disease. Tools to study lipid metabolism in hepatocytes are useful to understand the role of hepatic lipid metabolism in certain metabolic disorders. In the liver, hepatocytes regulate the breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids via β-fatty oxidation and de novo lipogenesis, respectively. Quantifying metabolism in these pathways provides insight into hepatic lipid handling. Unlike in vitro quantification, using primary hepatocytes, making measurements in vivo is technically challenging and resource intensive. Hence, quantifying β-fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipogenesis in cultured mouse hepatocytes provides a straight forward method to assess hepatocyte lipid handling. Here we describe a method for the isolation of primary mouse hepatocytes, and we demonstrate quantification of β-fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipogenesis, using radiolabeled substrates.
Learning compact and effective distance metrics with diversity regularization

Learning a proper distance metric is of vital importance for many distance based applications. Distance metric learning aims to learn a set of latent factors based on which the distances between data points can be effectively measured. The number of latent factors incurs a tradeoff: a small amount of factors are not powerful and expressive enough to measure distances while a large number of factors cause high computational overhead. In this paper, we aim to achieve two seemingly conflicting goals: keeping the number of latent factors to be small for the sake of computational efficiency, meanwhile making them as effective as a large set of factors. The approach we take is to impose a diversity regularizer over the latent factors to encourage them to be uncorrelated, such that each factor can capture some unique information that is hard to be captured by other factors. In this way, a small amount of latent factors can be sufficient to capture a large proportion of information, which retains computational efficiency while preserving the effectiveness in measuring distances. Experiments on retrieval, clustering and classification demonstrate that a small amount of factors learned with diversity regularization can achieve comparable or even better performance compared with a large factor set learned without regularization.
A CONFORMATION-DEPENDENT EPITOPE OF HUMAN PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN IIIA

This study explores conformational states of human platelet glycoprotein IIIa (GP IIIa) and possible mechanisms of fibrinogen receptor exposure. D3GP3 is an IgG1, kappa monoclonal antibody generated against purified GP IIIa and found to be specific for GP IIIa by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. The binding of D3GP3 to resting platelets caused fibrinogen binding (approximately 5,000 molecules/platelet) and platelet aggregation but not secretion. Platelets express 40,000-50,000 GP IIb-IIIa molecules in their surface membranes. However, resting platelets only bound approximately 5,000 D3GP3 molecules/platelet. D3GP3 binding to platelets could be increased 2-3-fold by dissociation of the GP IIb-IIIa complex with 5 mM EDTA or by occupying the fibrinogen receptor with either RGDS peptides or fibrinogen. Platelet stimulation with ADP in the absence of fibrinogen did not cause increased D3GP3 binding above control levels. These data suggest that 1) GP IIb-IIIa can exist in multiple conformations in the platelet membrane, 2) D3GP3 binding to GP IIIa can expose the fibrinogen receptor, 3) the binding of either RGDS peptides or fibrinogen causes exposure of the D3GP3 epitope, and 4) platelet activation in the absence of ligand does not induce the same conformational changes in GP IIb-IIIa as does receptor occupancy by RGDS peptides or fibrinogen.
Intragraft Gene Expression in Positive Crossmatch Kidney Allografts: Ongoing Inflammation Mediates Chronic Antibody-Mediated Injury

We studied intragraft gene expression profiles of positive crossmatch (+XM) kidney transplant recipients who develop transplant glomerulopathy (TG) and those who do not. Whole genome microarray analysis and quantitative rt-PCR were performed on RNA from protocol renal allograft biopsies in three groups: (1) +XM/TG+ biopsies before and after TG; (2) +XM/NoTG; and (3) negative crossmatch kidney transplants (control). Microarray comparisons showed few differentially expressed genes between paired biopsies from +XM/TG+ recipients before and after the diagnosis of TG. Comparing +XM/TG+ and control groups, significantly altered expression was seen for 2447 genes (18%) and 3200 genes (24%) at early and late time points, respectively. Canonical pathway analyses of differentially expressed genes showed inflammatory genes associated with innate and adaptive immune responses. Comparing +XM/TG+ and +XM/NoTG groups, 3718 probe sets were differentially expressed but these were over-represented in only four pathways. A classic accommodation phenotype was not identified. Using rt-PCR, the expression of inflammatory genes was significantly increased in +XM/TG+ recipients compared to the +XM/NoTG and control groups. In conclusion, pretransplant donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies results in a gene expression profile characterized by inflammation and cellular infiltration and the majority of +XM grafts are exposed to chronic injury.
Global Analysis on Foliated Spaces

Global analysis has as its primary focus the interplay between the local analysis and the global geometry and topology of a manifold. This is seen classicallv in the Gauss-Bonnet theorem and its generalizations. which culminate in the Ativah-Singer Index Theorem [ASI] which places constraints on the solutions of elliptic systems of partial differential equations in terms of the Fredholm index of the associated elliptic operator and characteristic differential forms which are related to global topologie al properties of the manifold. The Ativah-Singer Index Theorem has been generalized in several directions. notably by Atiyah-Singer to an index theorem for families [AS4]. The typical setting here is given by a family of elliptic operators (Pb) on the total space of a fibre bundle P = F_M_B. where is defined the Hilbert space on Pb 2 L 1p -llbl.dvollFll. In this case there is an abstract index class indlPI E ROIBI. Once the problem is properly formulated it turns out that no further deep analvtic information is needed in order to identify the class. These theorems and their equivariant counterparts have been enormously useful in topology. geometry. physics. and in representation theory.
Ethical Dilemmas in Oncofertility: An Exploration of Three Clinical Scenarios

As an emerging interdisciplinary field, oncofertility bridges oncology, reproductive endocrinology, and infertility with the goal of expanding reproductive options for women with cancer. Oncofertility is currently gaining significant attention from professionals in many related fields and is undergoing considerable scrutiny in part because of the many compelling ethical dilemmas it raises. To illustrate some of the dilemmas providers face, and make suggestions for clinical care, this chapter presents three clinical scenarios encountered in medical practice. An increased awareness of the complex problems involved should help prepare clinicians for some of the challenges posed by this rapidly expanding discipline.
Evaluation of a calcium pre-molt and low-energy molt program: Effects on laying hen behavior, production, and physiology before, during, and after a fasting or non-fasting molt

The objectives of this study were to compare the behaviors, postures, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (H:L) for laying hens when offered a Ca pre-molt treatment and low energy molt diets versus feed-withdrawal (FW) during and postmolt. A total of 144 Hy-Line W-36 hens (85 wk of age), housed 3/cage, (413 cm/hen) were used. Six treatments were compared in a 2 (fine versus coarse Ca pre-molt treatment) by 3 (FW, soybean hulls [SH], or wheat middlings [WM] molt Presented, in part, in the 2008 Iowa State University Animal Industries Report, Ames, Iowa. Graduate student and primary author, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University. Nutritionist, Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, Iowa. Professors, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University. Graduate student, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University. Assistant Professor and author for correspondence, Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, johnsona@iastate.edu. –––––––––––––––––––
Dynamic Regulation via Governmental Contracts

Dynamic elements can be included in the rulemaking process through intra- and inter-jurisdictional feedback effects that improve the availability and quality of information for rulemaking. Key features associated with governmental contracts, such as the corporate wrongdoers’ self-reporting, preemptive remedial measures instituted by the entity to avoid corporate criminal indictment, and the government’s investigation of specific corporate wrongdoing, facilitate multilevel feedback effects that increase the availability and quality of information for rulemaking. Governmental contracts can thus integrate dynamic elements in rulemaking.
Worldsheet interpretation of the level-rank duality

Level-rank duality relates the observables of two different Chern-Simons theories in which the roles of the Chern-Simons level and the rank of the gauge group are exchanged. In this note, we explore the consequences of this duality in the realm of topological string theory. We show that this duality induces a number of identities between the open Gromov-Witten invariants of the geometries associated with a knot ${\cal K}$ and its mirror image $\tilde{\cal K}$. We show how these identities arise both in the A-model and in the dual B-model.
Gigabit Ethernet optical fiber standard and its impact on the LAN industry

Gigabit Ethernet fiber optic links have broken new ground in a number of areas to advance the state-of-the-art in high speed multimode fibre (MMF) link specification. This provides the basis for examining alternatives for achieving 10 Gb/s Ethernet.
A review of active metamaterials incorporating gain device / medium

In the last one and half decade, metamaterials intrigued many exciting applications, such as cloaking, lens, electrically small antennas, etc., ranging from microwave to optical spectrum. The intrinsic loss and narrow bandwidth associated with existing passive metamaterials are still two main problems preventing many interesting applications from becoming reality. In recent years, the discussions of incorporating active devices or media into conventional passive metamaterial structures have been attracting more and more interests for loss compensation as well as dispersion control both in microwave and optical regime. The added design degree of freedom may enable new and rich physical phenomena and insights may be discovered in active metamaterials.
DISPLACEMENTS OF THE DESIRING MACHINE

The ‘cinematic gaze’ can be conceived today as a kind of metaphorical practice, particularly in relation to viewing Patty Chang's video artwork In Love (2001). Chang's artistic expression theatricalizes familial love and reveals how bodily inscriptions of sexuality and ‘race’ are still predetermined by an affected gaze. The original site of the ‘cinema of displacement’ was in the substitute of film wherein the erotic fantasy elicited from the cinematic expression displaces ‘real’ sexual pleasure by arousal through viewing. The idea of an erotic, filial love (even in fantasy) confounds the heteronormative while treading precariously on US juridical laws. The cultural intelligibility of incest prohibition relies on the authority of heterosexual kinship norms, ones that were articulated by Levi-Strauss's ‘universal’ kinship rules. This essay addresses the ways in which sexual fantasy informs a particular logic and history for understanding ‘queer’ and Chineseness. The terminology of ‘queer’ can be connected ...
Seriation of asymmetric matrices using integer linear programming.

Integer linear programming approaches for seriation of asymmetric n × n proximity matrices have generally been perceived as intractable for problems of practical size. However, to date, no computational evidence has been provided regarding the effectiveness (or ineffectiveness) of such approaches. This paper presents an evaluation of an integer linear programming method for asymmetric seriation using five moderately sized matrices (15 ≤ n ≤ 36) from the psychological literature, as well as 80 synthetic matrices (20 ≤ n ≤ 30). The solution to the linear programming relaxation of the integer-programming model was integer-optimal for each of the five empirical matrices and many of the synthetic matrices. In such instances, branch-and-bound integer programming was not required and optimal orderings were obtained within a few seconds. In all cases where the solution to the linear programming relaxation was not integer-optimal, branch-and-bound integer programming was able to find an optimal seriation in 18 minutes or less. A pragmatic solution strategy for larger matrices (n > 30) is also presented. This approach exploits the fact that, in many instances, only a modest percentage of all possible transitivity constraints are required to obtain an optimal solution.
Modelling the dynamics of condensation and evaporation of fluids in three-dimensional slit pores

We present an application of dynamic mean field theory (DMFT) for lattice gas models of confined fluids to the case of a fluid in a three-dimensional narrow slit between two plates. We consider a process where the slit is in contact with a subcritical bulk vapour and the bulk chemical potential is changed from a dilute gas value to a value close to that of the bulk saturated vapour so that capillary condensation occurs in the pore. DMFT predicts that the nucleation process during the condensation occurs by the formation of multiple liquid bridges spanning the pore walls, starting in the corners of the slit. These bridges eventually coalesce and the condensation transition terminates through the shrinkage and disappearance of a vapour bubble. We find that the density distribution is sensitive to the dimensions of the slit, with the number of bridges increasing with the slit area.
The Kalapalo Affinal Civility Register

Data from narratives, conversations, and didactic speech are employed to describe a multimodal, combinatorial civility register used by speakers of Kalapalo, a central Brazilian Southern Carib language. Practiced among family members, these intimate ritual communications involve complementary grammatical, lexical, discursive, and interactive features, including self-abnegation and avoidance practices. Examples of conventional usage, and the consequences of register misuse and the collapse of civility are included. Affinal civility enables both specific domestic unions, and more extensive social networks or chains of partnerships within the multilingual Alto Xingu macropolity. The question of the relationship of affinal civility to multilingual macro-polities more generally is addressed with respect to evidence from Australia.
Attribution Effects of Time Pressure in Retail Supply Chain Relationships: Moving From “What” to “Why”

Retail supply chains must be responsive to consumer demand and flexible in adapting to changing consumer preferences. As a result, suppliers are often expected to deal with time pressure demands from retailers. While previous research demonstrates that time pressure can have longer term relational costs that reduce collaborative behaviors and overall relationship quality, this mixed-methods study goes further by accounting for attribution effects to explain why the time pressure occurs. Specifically, supplier perceptions for the reason of time pressure being within or beyond a retailer's control, rather than time pressure itself, appear to have a stronger effect on relational outcomes. By investigating time pressure through the lens of attribution theory, this research opens a new inquiry of research that moves away from examination of outcomes themselves (the “what”), to examining “why” the outcome occurred.
A Two-dimensional Boundary Element Method for Calculating Elastic Gravitational Stresses in Slopes

—Elastic stresses arising from gravitational loads in a two-dimensional slope of arbitrary shape are calculated easily using a displacement-discontinuity boundary element method (BEM). A long stress-free crack simulates the topographic surface. Gravity-induced stresses (i.e., body forces) in a laterally confined body are simulated by vertical and horizontal “far-field” stresses equal to ρgy and [ν/(1-ν)]ρgy, respectively. Here ρ is material density, ν is Poisson’s ratio, g is gravitational acceleration, and y is elevation, with y = 0 along the surface far from a ridge top or valley floor. BEM stress solutions compare well with analytical solutions for symmetric topography based on conformal mapping. Our analyses indicate that slope failures are likely to initiate near the bases of bedrock ridges and to be widespread along the slopes of gentle valleys cut in bedrock. The BEM method can be applied to the slopes of arbitrary shape and steepness, and it is well suited for evaluating the near-surface propagation of fractures or fracture-like structures, such as dikes and landslide failure surfaces. Our analysis also highlights the critical importance of properly accounting for the boundary conditions in a boundary value problem.
Voter migration as a source of electoral change in the Rocky Mountain West

Abstract Examining county-level voting patterns since 1992, this paper describes the rising strength of the Democratic Party in the Rocky Mountain West and explores domestic migration (voter mobility) as a cause of the electoral change. Other theories of electoral change (voter conversion, voter mobilization and generational replacement) are analyzed and found less significant than a voter migration theory. A spatial autoregressive model also presents evidence of significant contextual “neighborhood effects” contributing to electoral change in the region. Relying on IRS tax-filer migration data, Census data and voting results for all Western counties since 1992, this work finds a significant correlation between growing Democratic strength and in-migration of new voters who generally hail from more Democratic environments than the Western counties into which they are emigrating. The strongest correlations emerge in counties where the share of creative class occupations is also growing quickly. Migrating voters are building a new Western community – a community of creative classes, childless households and urban professionals who are more likely to vote Democrat than the rural conservatives they are increasingly outnumbering.
A Fiber Optic Microwave Power Probe: A Preliminary Report

Measurements are always subject to errors resulting from the interaction of the measurement device with the quantity being measured. When dealing with electromagnetics, the fields are typically detected with some type of antenna which must be electrically connected to a recording instrument. The antenna as well as its electrical connection can, at times, significantly perturb the field being measured. By using fiber optics to the maximum extent possible in the detection process, microwave fields are perturbed only minimally since most of the probe and associated connections are dielectric. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained by using a commercially available fiber optic thermometer in the measurement of microwave power. In the measurement scheme a small amount of slightly conductive material is placed in contact with the fiber optic sensor. In the presence of a microwave field, currents are induced in the conductive material which in turn produces joule heating. It is shown experimentally that under certain circumstances the probe temperature is linearly related to the power level present. Experimental results will be presented for power measurements at 2.45 GHz and 94 GHz. Probe design criteria as well as limitations are also discussed.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Reading Standards as Curriculum: The Curricular and Cultural Politics of the Common Core

As Kate O’Connor notes (in this issue), recent policy language marks an important distinction between “standards” and “curriculum” in the United States. Standards have been identified as the “what”...