cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cenozoic depositional history of the Gulf of Mexico basin

A Geographic Information System (GIS) database incorporating information from 241 publications, theses, and dissertations; well logs and paleontologic reports; and interpreted University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG) deep-basin seismic lines was used to map and interpret 18 basinwide genetic stratigraphic sequences that form the Gulf of Mexico basin Cenozoic fill. Eight principal extrabasinal fluvial axes provided the bulk of the sediment infill in the basin. First-order temporal and spatial use of these axes reflects four continent-scale phases of crustal uplift. Abundant sediment supply has prograded the northern and northwestern basin margin 150 to 180 mi (240 to 290 km) from its inherited Cretaceous position. Margin outbuilding has been locally and briefly interrupted by hypersubsidence due to salt withdrawal and mass wasting. Three depositional systems tracts characterize Cenozoic genetic sequences: (1) fluvial --> delta --> delta-fed apron, (2) coastal plain --> shore zone --> shelf --> shelf-fed apron, and (3) delta flank --> submarine fan. One or more examples of the fluvial --> delta --> delta-fed apron systems tract occur in each of the major genetic sequences. Immense volumes of sand have bypassed the shelf margin to be deposited in slope and base-of-slope systems, primarily within fluvial --> delta --> delta-fed apron system tracts, during all major Paleogene and Neogene depositional episodes. Deposition and preservation of volumetrically significant coastal plain --> shore zone --> shelf --> shelf-fed apron tracts is typical of Paleogene through Miocene depositional episodes only. Fan system origin was commonly associated with major continental margin failures, but large submarine canyons occur mainly in Pleistocene sequences. Thick, potential reservoir sand bodies occur in offlapping delta-fed slope and subjacent basin floor aprons, in autochthonous slope aprons and related infills of slide scars and canyon cuts, and in submarine fans.
Effects of Service Learning on Young, Gifted Adolescents and Their Community

This study examines the effects of the Community Action service learning project, part of the Learn and Serve America program, on gifted adolescents and their community. Using a case study design, the author investigates this service learning project grounded in creative problem solving. The importance of service learning to the participants is highlighted in the following themes that emerged from the data: instructional methodology, student development, attitudes, empowerment, commitment, and effects of celebration. A service learning typology based on levels of service and learning is referenced. The author examines connections to the Future Problem Solving Program and discusses the implications for further research, the education of the gifted, and the community. PUTTING THE RESEARCH
Bevacizumab therapy for glioblastoma: a passionate discussion.

1 ISSN 2045-0907 10.2217/CNS.13.53 © 2014 Future Medicine Ltd CNS Oncol. (2014) 3(1), 1–3 Few, if any, topics have ignited the passions of the global neuro-oncology world more than the role of bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with glioblastoma mulitforme (GB). From its relatively recent anecdotal [1] and single institution trials of recurrent disease [2,3] to the multi-institutional study that led to US FDA approval of bevacizumab in the USA for recurrent GBM [4], to single-arm trials of newly diagnosed patients [5,6] and finally to two randomized Phase III trials in newly diagnosed patients presented at the 2013 meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology [7,8], strong passions have been ubiquitous and at this point predictable and anticipated. Why then has a pharmaceutical agent so inflamed the world’s neuro-oncologists and related specialists? The answers lie, as in all controversies, with the disparate interpretation of the available data held by the leaders and their followers in this field. Certain basic facts are immutable and do not appear to be controversial. Bevacizumab given with irinotecan was initially shown by Stark-Vance to produce extraordinary radiographic and clinical improvements in patients with GBM refractory to many prior treatments [1]. Vredenburgh et al. subsequently demonstrated prodigious radiographic and clinical responses in single-arm clinical trials [2,3], although it became clear that T1-contrasted MRI could prove misleading, requiring the consideration of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging, a concept subsequently formalized into the modified Revised Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria [9]. The BRAIN Trial [4], incorporating this important observation, confirmed the response rate of bevacizumab alone or in combination with irinotecan, leading to FDA approval of bevacizumab in patients with recurrent GBM. This became a major point of contention in Europe, and in some, but fewer, US institutions, because a true comparative control group was not included. Nevertheless, it is safe to say that although there will always be skeptics who doubt the benefits of any new agent, bevacizumab does help patients with recurrent disease. However, it certainly does not help all such patients, but currently we do not have any test or genetic profile to reliably differentiate responders from
Effect of nicotine on exocytotic pancreatic secretory response: role of calcium signaling

Background Nicotine is a risk factor for pancreatitis resulting in loss of pancreatic enzyme secretion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms of nicotine-induced secretory response measured in primary pancreatic acinar cells isolated from Male Sprague Dawley rats. The study examines the role of calcium signaling in the mechanism of the enhanced secretory response observed with nicotine exposure.
Does Decentralisation Make Government More Efficient and Effective

ABSTRACT In this paper we use a broad cross-national sample to test decentralisation's relationship with two important indicators of the quality of governance: efficiency and effectiveness. Contrary to much of the conventional wisdom, we find that the effects of decentralisation are minimal when controlling for basic structural variables such as per capita GDP and degree of democracy. In addition we find that different types of decentralisation – fiscal, administrative, and political – have differing and sometimes opposing impacts on the quality of governance. Finally, we find that political decentralisation in particular is associated with higher government efficiency among high GDP per capita countries while it is associated with lower government efficiency among low GDP per capita countries.
A Bayesian Approach to Characterize Hong Kong Influenza Surveillance Systems

To develop a statistical tool for characterizing multiple influenza surveillance data for situational awareness, we used Bayesian statistical model incorporating factors such as disease transmission, behavior patterns in healthcare seeking and provision, biases and errors embedded in the reporting process, with the observed data from Hong Kong. The patterns in the ratios of paired data streams help to characterize influenza surveillance systems. To better interpret influenza surveillance data, behavior data related to healthcare resources utilization need to be collected in real-time.
USP8 promotes smoothened signaling by preventing its ubiquitination and changing its subcellular localization.

The seven transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) is a critical component of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway and is regulated by phosphorylation, dimerization, and cell-surface accumulation upon Hh stimulation. However, it is not clear how Hh regulates Smo accumulation on the cell surface or how Hh regulates the intracellular trafficking of Smo. In addition, little is known about whether ubiquitination is involved in Smo regulation. In this study, we demonstrate that Smo is multi-monoubiquitinated and that Smo ubiquitination is inhibited by Hh and by phosphorylation. Using an in vivo RNAi screen, we identified ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) as a deubiquitinase that down-regulates Smo ubiquitination. Inactivation of USP8 increases Smo ubiquitination and attenuates Hh-induced Smo accumulation, leading to decreased Hh signaling activity. Moreover, overexpression of USP8 prevents Smo ubiquitination and elevates Smo accumulation, leading to increased Hh signaling activity. Mechanistically, we show that Hh promotes the interaction of USP8 with Smo aa625–753, which covers the three PKA and CK1 phosphorylation clusters. Finally, USP8 promotes the accumulation of Smo at the cell surface and prevents localization to the early endosomes, presumably by deubiquitinating Smo. Our studies identify USP8 as a positive regulator in Hh signaling by down-regulating Smo ubiquitination and thereby mediating Smo intracellular trafficking.
The Food Pushers

Food Politics How the Food Industry Influences Nutrition and Health. Marion Nestle. University of California Press, Berkeley, 2002. 469 pp. $29.95, £19.95. ISBN 0-520-22465-5. Nestle examines how U.S. food companies use political processes to counter regulations and dietary advice that may restrict their economically driven goal of convincing people to eat more of their products.
Long-term outcomes among breast cancer patients with extensive regional lymph node involvement: implications for locoregional management

Extensive lymph node (LN) involvement portends significant risk for distant metastasis (DM) among breast cancer patients. As a result, local management may be of secondary import to systemic control in this population. We analyzed patients with ≥10 involved LNs (N3) to evaluate the feasibility of breast conserving therapy (BCT) vs modified radical mastectomy (MRM) in this high-risk cohort. Among 98 women with N3 disease 46 (46.9%) underwent BCT and 52 (53.1%) received MRM. Nearly all patients (92%) received comprehensive radiotherapy (RT) including axillary and supraclavicular fields. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analyses were used to analyze time-to-event outcomes. Median follow-up was 76 months, with a 5-year DFS of 64.9% and OS of 71.9% among the cohort. Poorly differentiated (p = 0.007), ER-negative tumors (p = 0.015) had adverse DFS outcomes. Treatment groups did not differ with regard to 10-year DFS (45.4% for MRM vs. 57.6% for BCT; p = 0.31), or OS (61.4 vs. 63.7%; p = 0.79). DM-free survival was 48.9% following MRM and 60.6% following BCT (p = 0.19). Patients with ≥10 involved LNs have similar outcomes following BCT or MRM, suggesting that RT may obviate the need for more-extensive surgery. While local control is comparably favorable regardless of surgical approach, systemic control remains a challenge in this population.
Lean versus green: The impact of lean logistics on greenhouse gas emissions in consumer goods supply chains

Abstract Consumer goods supply chains have gradually incorporated lean manufacturing principles to identify and reduce non-value-added activities. Companies implementing lean practices have experienced improvements in cost, quality, and demand responsiveness. Nonetheless certain transportation and distribution practices may have detrimental impact on the environment. This study asks: What impact do current best practices in lean logistics have on the environment? The research hypotheses propose that since just-in-time inventory management significantly increases the frequency of transport it will also increase greenhouse gas emissions in a supply chain. Conversely, product postponement and vendor-managed inventory practices decrease supply chain emissions because they improve the flexibility of the system to manage uncertainty in supply and demand and thus reduce transportation-related emissions while only increasing facility-related emissions, which are relatively smaller. The hypotheses are tested using a simulation model of a manufacturing-retailer supply chain. The research hypotheses are empirically supported, suggesting that business process improvements need to consider when operational changes can have the unintended consequence of significantly increasing emission-intensive transactions.
Renal Imaging: Infection

There are many choices for imaging for pediatric patients with renal infections which include acute pyelonephritis, fungal infections, tuberculosis, xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, and renal abscess. The primary goal of imaging the most common form of infection, acute pyelonephritis, is the detection of anatomical risk factors for infection and for renal damage. Secondary goals are to confirm the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis when the clinical presentation or urine culture results are equivocal, to detect renal scarring in select patients, and to assess renal function in damaged kidneys. Overall it is preferred by many in the pediatric population to begin with noninvasive, no radiation studies such as the ultrasound; however, the decreased accuracy of sonography for the detection of acute pyelonephritis and renal scarring limits its applicability. DMSA scans, CT scan, and MRI are generally equivalent in ability to detect renal parenchymal abnormalities beyond ultrasonic evaluation, but the argument ensues whether the long-term risk of radiation exposure in CT scans and DMSA scans is more of a concern than the costs and need for heavy sedation or anesthesia for MRI. Imaging of less common forms of renal infection varies according to clinical indications and availability of resources.
Biologic aspects of endodontics

Abstract The apical portions of the roots of sixty-four nonperiodontally involved and forty-two periodontally involved upper central and lateral incisors were examined histologically for the purpose of studying their anatomic and morphologic characteristics. Observations were made of the blood and nerve supply to, and the morphologic characteristics of, the apical pulp tissue. In addition, the following features were noted: 1. 1. Accessory and/or lateral canals were observed in 34 per cent of the teeth. 2. 2. Denticles were noted in the root canals of 15 per cent of the teeth. 3. 3. Cell rests of Malassez were detected in the periodontal ligament in 70 per cent of the cases. 4. 4. Resorptions of the cementum, externally and within the root canal, were commonly observed (62 per cent) in nonperiodontally involved teeth. Resorptions were noted in every case of periodontally involved teeth. 5. 5. A thick layer of cementum generally was present around the root apex. The most frequently encountered cementum thickness was in the range of 0.21 to 0.30 mm. 6. 6. The diameter of the root canal was usually smallest at the cementodentinal junction, but there were variations, especially in periodontally involved teeth. The implications of some of these findings in terms of endodontic therapy have been discussed.
Revision of the Systematic Position of Saprochaete Saccharophila

SUMMARY Saprochaete saccharophila, described in 1939 and placed in the Chlorophyta, is validated and belongs in the Fungi Imperfecti based on fungal characteristics revealed by recent electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and bio-assay studies. In 1939 Coker and Shanor described Saprochaete saccharophila Coker & Shanor as a saprophytic fungoid alga. On the basis of such morphological features as mode of branching (FIG. 1), rhizoidal holdfasts and cell wall composition, they placed it among the algae near the Chaetophoraceae. But the plant is devoid of chlorophyll and any trace of plastids (FIGS. 2-4). Smith (5) argued against placing Saprochaete in the Chlorophyta because of the presence of a glycogen-like substance which has been shown to be present by the positive reaction with I2KI (1, 7, 8). In 1955, Vischenevskaja (6) described a new species of the genus Saprochaete placing it in the Fungi Imperfecti. However, Lewin (3), in fact, suggested that Saprochaete should be examined biochemically before any definite assignment of its taxonomic position can be made. Dawes' (2) studies of S. saccharophila involved use of light and electron microscopes, X-ray diffraction, microchemical tests and biochemical assay with chitinase. He found the cell structure to be eucaryotic noting that mitochondria, nuclei, lipid bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, and micro
Hoover Dam: An American Adventure. By Joseph E. Stevens. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988. 326 pp. Hardbound, $24.95.

(1990). Hoover Dam: An American Adventure. The Oral History Review: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 154-156.
Management and outcome of spontaneous cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a 5-year consecutive single-institution cohort

Background Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is an uncommon form of stroke with a variable presentation, ranging from headaches, to coma and death. Although the American Stroke Association has developed guidelines for the treatment of CVST, data are sparse on the outcome after treatment with anticoagulation, thrombolysis, and thrombectomy. Methods In this retrospective review, we describe the 5-year UC Davis experience with spontaneous CVST. Results Forty-one patients (mean age 37.5±23.1, range 0–96 years; 29 female) were identified with CVST. The majority of cases involved the transverse sinus (75.6%), sigmoid sinus (58.5%), and superior sagittal sinus (29.3%). The most common form of treatment was anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy (n=35), while six patients were managed by observation alone. The overall 1-year modified Rankin score (mRS) was 1.4±1.5. Male patients and patients with a poor admission mRS had a worse outcome. Outcome was unaffected by hypercoagulable state, number of dural sinuses involved, the presence of intracranial hemorrhage, or seizures. Two patients who underwent anticoagulation therapy also required endovascular thrombectomy; both patients had a 1-year mRS of ≤2. Two patients underwent direct open surgical canalization of the superior sagittal sinus with varying outcomes (mRS 2 vs mRS 6). Conclusions In our series, the majority (92.9%) of patients with spontaneous dural sinus thrombosis had a favorable clinical outcome as defined by a mRS ≤2. Further prospective studies are needed to study the impact of anticoagulation on the clinical course of the disease.
Awareness and Demand of Occupational Health Knowledge of Workers in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Shaoxing

[Objective]To understand the awareness and demand of occupational health knowledge among workers of small and medium-sized enterprises and provide evidence for health education program building in similar enterprises.[Methods]Cluster sampling method was used to select 835 workers from 3 enterprises.A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on occupational health related issues.[Results]A total of 786 questionnaires were valid,and the recovery rate was 94.13%.The total awareness rate of occupational health knowledge was 78.54%,including 82.27% for laws and regulations of occupational health,74.81% for occupational disease prevention.The awareness rate of occupation health knowledge among workers in selected machinery,chemical,and textile industries were 83.21%,79.27%,and 72.80%,respectively.Moreover,97.58% of the workers expressed demands for occupational health education.Distribution of brochures and posting relevant educational materials at workplaces were the most favorable option to the selected workers.[Conclusion]A high level of awareness and demand of occupational health knowledge are identified in the investigated workers in small and medium-sized enterprises.Therefore,occupational health promotion and education should continue.
Nitrate Reduction by Surface-Bound Fe(II) on Solid Surfaces at Near-Neutral pH and Ambient Temperature

AbstractNitrate reduction by Fe(II) species was previously known to occur only in Cu2+-catalyzed and alkaline conditions or at high temperatures. In this study, a reactant system consisting of nitrate, iron oxide particles, and Fe(II) (in different forms) was used to study possible reactions between nitrate and Fe(II). At near-neutral pH, nitrate could not be reduced by aqueous Fe(II) species or by Fe(OH)2 gel. In the presence of magnetite (Fe3O4) particles, however, a significant amount of Fe2+ could be adsorbed onto an Fe3O4 surface at pH=7.3 and became surface-bound Fe2+(S.B. Fe2+), which could react with nitrate via the reaction: 12 S.B. Fe2++NO3−+13 H2O→4 Fe3O4↓+NH4++22 H+. The reaction stopped when pH decreased to <6.8. Introducing trace amount of O2 or Fe3+(aq) into the nitrate-Fe2+ reactant system was as effective as seeding magnetite particles in triggering the nitrate-Fe(II) reaction, suggesting that lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) is a precursor for initiating the nitrate-Fe(II) reaction. Hematite and ...
Influences of Grounding Site Soil Parameters on Earth Surface Potential of the High-voltage Interconnected Power Grid

The HVDC grounding site selection,ground electrode design,and earth surface potential(ESP) distribution mainly depend on soil model,which is of great importance to analyze the influence of HVDC mono-polar operation with ground return on AC power grid.In this paper,the characteristics of the ESP under DC mono-polar operation mode were summarized with the software CEDGS according to the analysis of different soil models and variable soil parameters.The simulation results illustrate that the farther it is from the grounding site,the smaller the absolute value of ESP is with exponential attenuation.ESP shows approximately inverse proportion to soil thickness but direct proportion to resistivity of surface soil.Selections of soil model and its parameters exert significant influence on accuracy of ESP simulation,therefore the balance between accuracy and difficulty of calculation ought to be considered.
Expiratory neural activities in gasping

The purpose was to characterize expiratory-related neural activities in eupnea and gasping. In decerebrate and vagotomized cats, activities were recorded from the phrenic nerve, spinal intercostal ...
Joint Decision-Making Processes in Present-Day Agriculture

The architects of the Conference have assigned to me a broad subject, but with constraints of time and space. Within such limitations, I sketch a limited number of market-structure situations in which joint decision-making processes prevail in present-day agriculture. They apply to the United States, although they are not limited to it; broadly similar joint decision-making processes operate in other countries. A caveat is that my experience and views are flavoured, likely biased, by my observation and study of developments in my own country.
Chapter 76 - Activation of Oncogenic Protein Kinases

This chapter reviews the autoinhibitory mechanisms involved in the regulation of protein kinases and then describe the mechanisms that result in their activation in tumor cells. Finally we discuss the exciting prospect that protein kinase inhibitors will be useful therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Because of their prominent role in tumor progression, protein kinases are promising targets for therapy. Many kinase inhibitors are at various stages of development, but two types are of particular interest. One strategy for inhibiting receptor tyrosine kinase function is the use of anti-receptor antibodies that recognize the ectodomain of the receptor, block ligand binding, and induce receptor endocytosis. Herceptin™ (trastuzumab), a humanized version of a mouse monoclonal antibody against HER2, inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells that overexpress HER2 and has been approved for the treatment of breast cancer patients with HER2-positive tumors. This antibody may act by promoting the c-Cbl-dependent polyubiquitination and degradation of the receptor. A chimeric humanized version of a mouse monoclonal antibody against the EGF receptor (Erbitux™, formerly known as IMC-C225 or Cetuximab) has also been reported to give positive results in clinical trials, but these findings have been questioned, and this antibody has not yet received FDA approval. The other class of drugs under development are small molecule inhibitors that inhibit kinase function.
The geometry of a robot programming language

This paper explores the problem of building robot navigation plans via scalar valued functions in the face of incomplete information about the configuration space such as might be available from onboard sensors. It seems as though syntactical aspects of navigation function construction may play an important role. This problem provides an important concrete instance of the need for intelligent control. For more information: Kod*Lab Disciplines Electrical and Computer Engineering | Engineering | Systems Engineering Comments NOTE: At the time of publication, author Daniel Koditschek was affiliated with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Currently, he is a faculty member in the Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania. This conference paper is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/ese_papers/692
Process Innovations to Prevent Glass Substrate Fracture From RDL Stress and Singulation Defects

Glass is an ideal material for package substrates due to the excellent electrical properties, tailorable coefficient of thermal expansion, high mechanical rigidity, availability in large and thin panel form, and smooth surface for fine line fabrication. Glass does have challenges, arising mainly from the brittle nature of glass, and glass substrates with copper and polymer re-distribution layers can suffer brittle fracture after dicing processes. This paper demonstrates three methods to prevent cracking induced by redistribution layer (RDL) stress and dicing defect in glass substrates for RDL build-up up to $90~ {\mu }\text{m}$ polymer and $40~ {\mu }\text{m}$ copper. These methods are edge coating, two-step dicing, and laser ablation dicing. Edge coating is a protective layer of polymer located on the diced edge of the glass substrate. After dicing, edge coating puts the glass in compression and prevents moisture from reaching the glass and, in turn, prevents the glass cracking from RDL stresses and dicing defects. In two-step dicing, the first step is used to ablate the RDL using a laser and the second step is used for blade dicing within the ablated region to singulate the glass. The resulting structure from such a dicing process reduces stress at the free glass edge, ensuring that the glass does not crack during dicing. Two-step dicing also allows for thicker RDL build-ups while ensuring no glass cracking occurs from dicing defects. Laser ablation dicing uses a CO2 laser to singulate the glass panel into individual substrates instead of blade dicing, which reduces the dicing defect size and creates a heat affected zone. Use of laser ablation dicing allows for thicker RDL build-ups with minimal process change when compared to blade dicing.
Acute Kidney Injury

Any process that interferes with the architecture and function of the renal vascular supply, the glomeruli, the renal tubule, or the urinary tract can compromise renal function. Acute kidney injury (AKI) can be defined as the sudden loss of renal function measured by a decline in GFR that develops over hours to days as a result of decreased renal perfusion, renal cell injury, or obstruction to urine outflow. The term AKI is now preferred over acute renal failure to standardize the definition and to reflect the mechanisms and entire spectrum of the disease. The etiology is usually multifactorial. Advances in pediatric critical care and surgery depend on interventions that often involve nephrotoxic exposures. The systemic inflammatory response evoked after an extensive surgical procedure or from critical illness can also lead to organ hypoperfusion, compounding the effects of nephrotoxic exposures. AKI is an independent risk factor for mortality, prolonged intubation, and increased ICU and hospital length of stay, with even higher rates of mortality in patients receiving renal replacement therapy. Early AKI detection provides the opportunity for early intervention.
An essentialist account of authenticity.

The concept of authenticity is central to how people value many different types of objects and yet there is considerable disagreement about how individuals evaluate authenticity or how the concept itself should be defined. This paper attempts to reconcile previous approaches by proposing a novel view of authenticity. Specifically, I draw upon past research on psychological essentialism and propose that when people evaluate the authenticity of objects, they do so by evaluating the extent to which the object embodies or reflects a valued essence. I suggest that this explanation of authenticity provides an overarching framework that describes how people evaluate object authenticity across a variety of contexts and I report the results of three experiments that directly test the predictions made by this explanation.
Sensory Neuron-Specific Deletion of TRPA1 Results in Mechanical Cutaneous Sensory Deficits.

Abstract The nonselective cation channel transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is known to be a key contributor to both somatosensation and pain. Recent studies have implicated TRPA1 in additional physiologic functions and have also suggested that TRPA1 is expressed in nonneuronal tissues. Thus, it has become necessary to resolve the importance of TRPA1 expressed in primary sensory neurons, particularly since previous research has largely used global knock-out animals and chemical TRPA1 antagonists. We therefore sought to isolate the physiological relevance of TRPA1 specifically within sensory neurons. To accomplish this, we used Advillin-Cre mice, in which the promoter for Advillin is used to drive expression of Cre recombinase specifically within sensory neurons. These Advillin-Cre mice were crossed with Trpa1 fl/fl mice to generate sensory neuron-specific Trpa1 knock-out mice. Here, we show that tissue-specific deletion of TRPA1 from sensory neurons produced strong deficits in behavioral sensitivity to mechanical stimulation, while sensitivity to cold and heat stimuli remained intact. The mechanical sensory deficit was incomplete compared to the mechanosensory impairment of TRPA1 global knock-out mice, in line with the incomplete (∼80%) elimination of TRPA1 from sensory neurons in the tissue-specific Advillin-Cre knock-out mice. Equivalent findings were observed in tissue-specific knock-out animals originating from two independently-generated Advillin-Cre lines. As such, our results show that sensory neuron TRPA1 is required for mechanical, but not cold, responsiveness in noninjured skin.
Best Practices for Suicide Prevention Messaging and Evaluating California's "Know the Signs" Media Campaign.

Abstract. Background: Although communication is a key component of US strategies to prevent suicide and there are a number of marketing campaigns promoting messages that suicide is a preventable public health problem, there has been little evaluation of these campaigns. Aims: The study describes the development of a checklist of best practices for suicide prevention communication campaigns and the use of the checklist to evaluate California's investment in "Know the Signs" (KTS-M), a suicide prevention mass media campaign. Method: We conducted a literature review and solicited expert feedback to identify best practices and then used the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method to assess whether KTS-M was consistent with the identified best practices. Results: Overall, experts agreed that KTS-M adhered to most of the 46 checklist items and suggested that the campaign was among the best suicide prevention media campaigns they had observed. Limitations: The checklist was developed through expert input and literature...
Challenged academy: Engagement after neoliberalism

Market-driven educational policies and advances in information technology may assure greater accountability in public universities; however, the trend toward increased standardization strengthens the “machine’s” ability to appropriate the task of teaching. The challenge for college faculty is to sustain student-centered teaching and learning methods in the face of neoliberal reforms.
Strengths and Limitations of Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Anxiety Disorders

This commentary discusses the strengths and limitations of internet-based cognitive-behavioral treatments (ICBT) for anxiety disorders, as highlighted by the case studies described in Ciuca, Berger, and Miclea (2017), and in Schulz, Vincent, and Berger (2017). In comparing the course of treatment for patients with contrasting clinical outcomes, the authors offer insights into the many benefits and challenges of ICBT. Suggestions for improving ICBT interventions for anxiety disorders, implications for implementation and dissemination, and ethical considerations are discussed.
Deconstructing the Frankenpredictor for Implementable Branch Predictors.

The Frankenpredictor entry for the Championship Branch Prediction contest proposed several new optimizations for branch predictors. The Frankenpredictor also assimilated many previously proposed techniques. The rules of the contest were such that implementation concerns were largely ignored. In this context, many of the proposed optimizations may not actually be feasible in a realizable predictor. In this paper, we revisit some of the Frankenpredictor optimizations and attempt to apply them to conventional predictor organizations that are more typical of what is described in the literature. In particular, reinterpreting perceptron weights with non-linear translation functions and using different sized tables with different widths of counters shows promise and is practical. The Frankenpredictor’s branch history register update rules for unconditional branches also provide improvements in prediction accuracy for gshare and path-based neural predictors with very little implementation overhead.
Preparation and incorporation into small peptides and combinatorial libraries of phosphohistidine analogs for study of prokaryotic two-component signal transduction systems

Two component signaling systems are involved in a rich variety of responses to the extracellular environment (including antimicrobial peptide production, osmosensing/ osmoregulation, virulence factor production, sporulation, xenobiotic metabolism, cell-wall production, antibiotic resistance, and chemotaxis), primarily in prokaryotes [1], They are composed of a first protein, usually bearing a membrane-spanning region, containing a ~250 amino acid histidine kinase domain having catalytic activity for autophosphorylation by ATP of a histidine residue in the cytoplasmic domain. Autophosphorylation occurs between two juxtaposed subunits of a kinase dimer. A ~120 amino acid domain in the cytosolic response regulator protein bears an aspartate residue to which transfer of the phosphate group from the phosphohistidine in the first protein is catalyzed. Response regulators may bear DNA-binding domains that can activate downstream responses, for example as transcription factors or repressors. The chemistry of phosphohistidine intermediates in the histidine kinases signal transduction cascade is not well known. Even such simple issues as phosphorylation of nitrogen at the 1 or 3 position are obscure, and are made difficult to address by the intrinsic hydrolytic instability of phosphohistidines. We have prepared stable analogs of both phosphohistidines for incorporation into novel reagents to address basic questions about the function of two-component signaling systems. These phosphohistidine analogs have been incorporated into small peptides and used in solid-phase syntheses. Other groups have recently reported syntheses of phosphohistidine analogs as well [2].
You Ought to Know Better: the Morality of Political Engagement

I argue that, from the liberal perspective, citizens have a pro tanto moral duty to cultivate and maintain a readiness to participate in politics when such an action is called for from the moral perspective—I will call it “the pro tanto duty of political engagement.” It requires a citizen to (i) monitor what the government is doing (or not doing), (ii) evaluate its actions, and (iii) learn what she can do to intervene politically. In Section 1, I will discuss some doubts on the pro tanto duty of political engagement. In Section 2, I will describe Alexander Guerrero’s account of culpable ignorance and argue from his account that the pro tanto duty of political engagement is derived from a general moral duty to properly manage one’s morally relevant beliefs. In Section 3, I will argue that to properly assess the moral significance of any government policy or policy proposal, one must learn about the lives and personal values of those who would be affected by the policy.
Using Environmental DNA to Connect Lab Science with Field Practice

Experiential learning helps students make connections between different skill sets and allows them to engage in a deeper level of inquiry. To enhance the connection between field and laboratory practice for undergraduate students in our wildlife ecology curriculum, we developed an exercise using environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis. eDNA sampling involves extracting and amplifying the DNA from specific organisms from an environmental sample, rather than from the organisms themselves, and has been rapidly adopted by conservation practitioners around the world. In our activity, students collect water samples from a local pond and process them to detect the presence of American bullfrogs. Practicing this procedure not only introduces them to professional skills they may utilize in their careers, but also helps create context for how laboratory science and field work support each other and can be used to connect to larger issues of conservation, environmental studies, or ecology.
Who is in the neighborhood? Conspecific and heterospecific responses to perceived density for breeding habitat selection

Theoretical models of habitat selection often incorporate negative density dependence. Despite strong negative density-dependent effects on habitat selection, more recent studies indicate that animals settle near members of their own (conspecific) and other species (heterospecific) when selecting habitat with social cues. Social cue use for habitat selection is particularly common among songbirds, but few studies have investigated if songbirds use social cues to assess conspecific or heterospecific density (as opposed to just presence/absence) when making settlement decisions. We conducted a playback experiment to evaluate if yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) and willow flycatchers (Empidonax traillii), two potential competitors for breeding habitat, use social cues to assess density (conspecific for warblers and heterospecific for flycatchers) when selecting breeding locations at two spatial scales. We simulated yellow warbler density to be high or low at multiple treatment plots (3.14 ha) with song playback and then evaluated settlement decisions by comparing yellow warbler and willow flycatcher abundances across plots (broad-scale habitat selection) and individual space use within plots (fine-scale territory establishment). Yellow warbler density treatments did not affect habitat selection by yellow warblers at the broad scale, but caused individuals to cluster territories at high-density treatments. Willow flycatchers were most abundant at high-density treatment plots, but yellow warbler density treatments did not affect territory locations. The results indicate that perceived density affects the habitat selection process for both conspecifics and heterospecifics.
History of Rubella Vaccines and the Recent History of Cell Culture

Rubella is not one of those diseases whose origins are lost in antiquity. Unknown until the end of the eighteenth century, it remained an unimportant rash disease for almost 200 years, when it was discovered to be a fetal teratogen. Twenty years later, the viral agent of rubella was isolated, and vaccines were developed and commercialized within 10 years. By 5 years postlicensure, an impact on rubella incidence was evident, but another 5 years were required, together with changes in public health policy towards more universal vaccination, before congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) became rare.
Constructions and Reconstructions: Latino Parents' Values for Children

There is a fair amount of support for the premise that parents construct their child-related values from the ethnic cultural models that are available to them. There are also indications that personal experiences play a role in the construction of values. However, this latter influence has not been well-researched. We reconstructed the child-related values of a sample of Mexican American and Puerto Rican parents of young children with disability to describe parent-held values and to examine the extent to which having a child with a disability impacted on these values. Analysis of parental ratings and of their narratives indicated substantial consistency across gender, civil status, and country of origin. Disability appeared to have a small and diffused impact on the values. Ratings differed significantly on the basis of the language of interview, and the definitions that parents offered also showed an effect of interaction with the Anglo American culture. However, an in-depth examination of these differences indicated that they were mostly restricted to labeling. The basic values of parents remained fairly consistent. This finding has substantial implications for research and practice. Equivalence of meaning should not be assumed across populations.
A High Performance, Low Energy, Compact Masked 128-Bit AES in 22nm CMOS Technology

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a specification for electronic data encryption. This standard has become one of the most widely used encryption method and has been implemented in both software and hardware. AES has excellent resistance against linear and differential cryptanalysis. Although the standard itself is algorithmically secure, based on the implementation, it can be vulnerable to attackers through side channels. For example, it has been shown that by measuring the implementation's power and performing statistical analysis on multiple traces the secret key used can be unveiled. This paper presents an efficient hardware based 128-bit AES design using a masking scheme which is resistant to a side channel attack. This masked design is implemented in TSMC 22nm technology. The resulting implementation is high in performance, low in energy and silicon area. It can run at more than 400MHz translating to a throughput of 5.12Gbps. The total area of the AES block is 0.0169mm2. The energy consumption is at 9.77pJ/bit or 1.25nJ/block.
Parts, Wholes, and Place Value: A Developmental View

When a student mentally computes 32 + 59 by thinking 30 450 is 80, 9 + 2 is 1 1 , and 80 + 1 1 is 91 , that student has had to call on some well-developed concepts of numerical partwhole relationships and place value. People with good number sense make frequent and flexible use of these two related concepts to perform mental computations and numeric estimates. Students find these concepts difficult; their understanding develops slowly over a period of several years. To be successful at teaching number sense, we must design instruction that respects students' need to construct their own knowledge.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a report of six cases.

Kara A, Devrim I, Caglar I, Bayram N, Kundak S, Apa H, Altan EV. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a report of six cases. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 538-543. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are severe cutaneous adverse reactions commonly caused by exposure to drugs and can end up with significant morbidity and mortality. We reported our experience with six patients who were diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis with a different clinical presentation. In patients, drugs and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were implicated as a trigger. Intravenous Immunoglobulin treatment was given to all patients, and intensive treatment was applied for skin and mucosal lesions. The median period of stay in hospital was 13.5 days. The most common long-term complication was ocular involvement. Among six patients, corneal epithelial defects occurred in one patient. Consequently, ophthalmological evaluation should be performed both at the time of diagnosis and before hospital discharge.
Seasonal manganese transport in the hyporheic zone of a snowmelt-dominated river (East River, Colorado, USA)

Manganese (Mn) plays a critical role in river-water quality because Mn-oxides serve as sorption sites for contaminant metals. The aim of this study is to understand the seasonal cycling of Mn in an alpine streambed that experiences large spring snowmelt events and the potential responses to changes in snowmelt timing and magnitude. To address this goal, annual variations in river-water/groundwater interaction and Mn(aq) transport were measured and modeled in the bed of East River, Colorado, USA. In observations and numerical models, oxygenated river water containing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mixes with groundwater rich in Mn(aq) in the streambed. The mixing depth increases during spring snowmelt when river discharge increases, leading to a greater DOC supply to the hyporheic zone and net respiration of Mn-oxides, despite an enhanced supply of oxygen. As groundwater upwelling resumes during the subsequent baseflow period, Mn(aq)-rich groundwater mixes with oxygenated river water, resulting in net accumulation of Mn-oxides until the bed freezes in winter. To explore potential responses of Mn transport to different climate-induced hydrological regimes, three hydrograph scenarios were numerically modeled (historic, low-snow, and storm) for the Rocky Mountain region. In a warming climate, Mn(aq) export to the river decreases, and Mn(aq) oxidation is favored in the upper streambed sediments over more of the year. One important implication is that the streambed may have an increased sorption capacity for metals over more of the year, leading to potential changes in river-water quality.
Cultural Conflict and the Revival of ClassWarfare

II. Family Reorganization and the New Information Economy ........ 371 A. "Technological Shock" and Family Change 371 B. Returns to Specialization and Family Organization 373 1. Industrialization, Male Specialization, and Women’s Agency 377 2. The Information Economy, Female Specialization, and Women’s Autonomy 380
Unshackling the Chain Gang: Circumventing Partisan Arguments to Reduce Recidivism Rates Through Prison Labor

Like many Americans, Dee rises early in the morning and “commutes” to his job six days per week. However, unlike most American laborers, Dee makes less than a dollar per hour, even after ten years in the same position. Dee gets no vacation days, sick leave, overtime pay, or workers’ compensation protection. One might ask, “Why doesn’t the guy quit?” In September of 2016, he did — along with a few hundred of his fellow prisoners housed at the Perry Correctional Institution in Pelzer, South Carolina. These inmates were part of the 2016 Incarcerated Workers Organization Committee (“IWOC”) strike against “prison slavery.”