cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nosocomial Tuberculosis Prevention Measures Among Two Groups of US Hospitals, 1992 to 1996

Objective To compare trends in nosocomial tuberculosis (TB) prevention measures and health-care worker (HCW) tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion of hospitals with HIV-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) patients and other US hospitals from 1992 through 1996. Design and setting Surveys in 1992 and 1996 of 38 hospitals with PCP patients in four high-HIV-incidence cities and 136 other US hospitals from the American Hospital Association membership list. Participants Twenty-seven hospitals with PCP patients and 103 other US hospitals. Results In 1992, 63% of PCP hospitals and other US hospitals had rooms meeting Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria ( ie , negative air pressure, six or more air exchanges per hour, and air directly vented to the outside) for acid-fast bacilli isolation; in 1996, almost 100% had such isolation rooms. Similarly, in 1992, nonfitted surgical masks were used by HCWs at 60% of PCP hospitals and 68% at other US hospitals, while N95 respirators were used at 90% of PCP hospitals and 83% of other US hospitals in 1996. There was a significant decreasing trend in TST conversion rates among HCWs at both PCP and other US hospitals; however, this trend varied among all hospitals. HCWs at PCP hospitals had a higher risk of TST conversion than those at other US hospitals (relative risk, 1.71; p Conclusion From 1992 through 1996, PCP and other US hospitals have made similar improvements in their nosocomial TB prevention measures and decreased their HCW TST conversion rate. These data show that most hospitals are compliant with CDC TB guidelines even before the enactment of an Occupational Safety and Health Administration TB standard.
An Unexpected Effect of Tetracycline Concentration: Growth Phase-Associated Excision of the Bacteroides Mobilizable Transposon NBU1

Early studies of the Bacteroides mobilizable transposon NBU1 established that excision, the first step in NBU1 transfer, requires exposure of the cells to tetracycline. More recently, we found that excision is also associated with growth phase; even after exposure to tetracycline, excision is detectable only after the cells enter late exponential phase. The tetracycline effect is mediated by a two-component regulatory system, RteA and RteB, which is provided in trans by an integrated self-transmissible element, CTnDOT. The rteA and rteB genes are part of a three-gene operon that also contains the tetracycline resistance gene tetQ. We report here that neither transcription nor translation of the tetQ-rteA-rteB operon is affected by growth phase. Moreover, RteA is not required for the growth phase effect, because a mutant form of RteB that does not require phosphorylation by RteA did not make excision independent of growth phase. Two conditions made NBU1 excision independent of growth phase. One was reducing the tetracycline concentration from an inhibitory concentration (1 μg/ml) to a subinhibitory level (0.05 μg/ml). Independence of growth phase also occurred when rteA and rteB were placed under the control of a heterologous maltose-inducible promoter, PsusA. Our results suggest that at low concentrations of tetracycline, ribosomes are capable of translating enough RteA and RteB for excision to occur. At higher tetracycline concentrations, however, TetQ is needed to protect enough ribosomes to allow the translation of excision genes, and this protection takes time to develop. Thus, subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline may increase the probability of gene transfer because, in contrast to inhibitory concentrations, excision can occur at all phases of growth.
Reductions in neural activity underlie behavioral components of repetition priming.

Repetition priming is a nonconscious form of memory that is accompanied by reductions in neural activity when an experience is repeated. To date, however, there is no direct evidence that these neural reductions underlie the behavioral advantage afforded to repeated material. Here we demonstrate a causal linkage between neural and behavioral priming in humans. fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) was used in combination with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to target and disrupt activity in the left frontal cortex during repeated classification of objects. Left-frontal TMS disrupted both the neural and behavioral markers of priming. Neural priming in early sensory regions was unaffected by left-frontal TMS—a finding that provides evidence for separable conceptual and perceptual components of priming.
Studies on mosquito larvae. II. The first-stage larvae of North American Culicidae and of world Anophelinae.

First instars of 93 North American species of mosquitoes are studied and 56 are illustrated, 41 for the first time. Generic differences are well marked in this instar and nearly all species are separable.Two keys to the 11 North American genera are presented; the first is constructed to show similarities between first and later instars. Each genus is described and keyed to species, and notes are given on each species. A supplementary key to the species of the southeastern states is designed for the use of a binocular microscope with magnification up to 60 ×.Specific and generic differences are as well marked in the first as in the fourth instar. Identifications are as easy or as difficult in the first as in the fourth instar, though usually based on different characters.An expanded key to the North American species of Aedes, incorporating those previously treated by Bohart and by Price, is attempted. The key reveals several species complexes which have not been discerned from other stages of the life cycle, namely, Aedes canadensis, nigromaculis, punctor, stimulans infirmatus and trivittatus.A key to the first instars of the 37 species of the world-wide Anophelinae is presented, on the basis of published descriptions and figures of the exotic species.
Reaction kinetics of polyurethane‐polyester interpenetrating polymer network in the bulk polymerization

Kinetics of simultaneous interpenetrating networks (SIN) composed of a polyurethane resin (PU) and an unsaturated polyester resin was studied. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to monitor the polymerization course. It was found that increasing the polyester content in a PU-polyester SIN enhanced the polymerization of PU due to the “solvent effect” of polyester. On the other hand, increasing the PU content in the SIN retarded the polymerization of polyester due to the “cage effect” of PU. Polymerization sequence of the SIN could be controlled by employing different initiators for polyester reaction. The degree of crosslinking in each SIN component had a significant effect on the dynamics of the SIN formation and on the limiting conversion of the polyester reartion.
Letter by Kaufman Regarding Article, “Closer Look at Genetic Testing in Long-QT Syndrome: Will DNA Diagnostics Ever Be Enough?”

To the Editor: In his editorial, “Closer Look at Genetic Testing in Long-QT Syndrome: Will DNA Diagnostics Ever Be Enough?,”1 Dr MacRae categorizes genotyping as having no additional benefit in patients who meet clinical …
My Profession and its Duties

Dans le cadre de l'ethique professionnelle, l'A. etudie les exigences particulieres auxquelles un professeur de faculte est soumis en fonction de son role et interroge l'obligation pour tous les professeurs de suivre ses exigences. Soulignant l'incompatibilite des reponses apportees a chaune des questions, l'A. montre que le statut moral des conditions imposees par la fonction d'un professeur ou de tout autre profession reste confuse
Teaching video neuroimages: trapezius myotonia percussion sign in myotonic dystrophy type 2.

Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is an autosomal dominant disorder with proximal weakness, muscle pain, and early-onset cataracts.1 In comparison with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), myotonia is less symptomatic, more proximal, and harder to detect during clinical and electrodiagnostic testing.2 Here we document the presence of trapezius myotonia in patients with DM2 (video on the Neurology ® Web site at [www.neurology.org][1]). In our experience, similar proximal percussion does not produce as marked a response in DM1 or nondystrophic myotonic disorders. This sign demonstrates a mechanism to test for proximal myotonia, and in at-risk patients may be suggestive of an underlying diagnosis of DM2. [1]: http://www.neurology.org/
Model predicting impact of complexation with cyclodextrins on oral absorption

Significant effort and resource expenditure is dedicated to enabling low-solubility oral drug delivery using solubilization technologies. Cyclodextrins (CD) are cyclic oligosaccharides which form inclusion complexes with many drugs and are often used as solubilizing agents. It is not clear prior to developing a drug delivery device with CD what level of absorption enhancement might be achieved; modeling can provide useful guidance in formulation and minimize resource intensive iterative formulation development. A model was developed to enable quantitative, dynamic prediction of the influence of CD on oral absorption of low solubility drug administered as a pre-formed complex. The predominant effects of CD considered were enhancement of dissolution and slowing of precipitation kinetics, as well as binding of free drug in solution. Simulation results with different parameter values reflective of typical drug and CD properties indicate a potential positive (up to five times increase in drug absorption), negative (up to 50% decrease in absorption) or lack of effect of CD. Comparison of model predictions with in vitro and in vivo experimental results indicate that a systems-based dynamic model incorporating CD complexation and key process kinetics may enable quantitative prediction of impact of CD delivered as a pre-formed complex on drug bioavailability. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2536–2547. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abdominal adiposity and clustering of multiple metabolic syndrome in white, black and Hispanic Americans.

Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of abdominal adiposity assessed by waist circumference (WC) with clustering of multiple metabolic syndromes (MMS) in White, Black and Hispanic Americans. MMS was defined as the occurrence of two or more of either hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia or hyperinsulinemia. METHODS: The number of MMS and fasting insulin (a surrogate measure of MMS) were each used as dependent variables in gender-specific multiple linear regression models, adjusting for age, smoking and alcohol intake. The contribution of WC to interethnic differences in clustering of MMS and fasting insulin concentration was assessed in gender-specific linear regression models. The risk of MMS due to large waist was estimated by comparing odds ratio for men with WC ⩾ 102 cm with those with WC RESULTS: WC was positively and independently associated with clustering of MMS and increased fasting insulin concentration adjusting for age, smoking and alcohol intake in the three ethnic groups (p CONCLUSION: WC appears to be a marker for multiple metabolic syndromes in these ethnic groups. The results of this investigation lend support to the view that waist measurement should be considered as a clinical variable for assessing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations of the energy transfer between building blocks in a phenylene ethynylene dendrimer.

The ultrafast dynamics of electronic and vibrational energy transfer between two- and three-ring linear poly(phenylene ethynylene) units linked by meta-substitution is studied by nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. The molecular dynamics with quantum transitions(1, 2) method is used including an “on the fly” calculation of the potential energy surfaces and electronic couplings. The results show that during the first 40 fs after a vertical photoexcitation to the S2 state, the nonadiabatic coupling between S2 and S1 states causes a fast transfer of the electronic populations. A rapid decrease of the S1−S2 energy gap is observed, reaching a first conical intersection at ≈5 fs. Therefore, the first hopping events take place, and the S2 state starts to depopulate. The analysis of the structural and energetic properties of the molecule during the jumps reveals the main role that the ethynylene triple bond plays in the unidirectional energy transfer process.
Synthesis of several chemokines but few cytokines by primed uncommitted precursor CD4 T cells suggests that these cells recruit other immune cells without exerting direct effector functions.

Antigen-stimulated naive CD4 T cells may differentiate into effector T cells such as Th1 and Th2 cells, or may remain as proliferating but uncommitted, primed, precursor cells (Thpp cells) that can subsequently differentiate into Th1 or Th2 cells in appropriate cytokine environments. To examine potential Thpp effector functions, we compared the genes expressed by mouse Thpp, naive, Th1 and Th2 cells, using Affymetrix GeneChip and RNase Protection assays. Similar to naive CD4 T cells, Thpp cells expressed IL-2 but not the cytokines characteristic of differentiated Th1 or Th2 cells, such as IFN-γ, IL-4, or IL-5. However, Thpp, Th1 and Th2 cells, but not naive cells, expressed several CC chemokines including CCL1/TCA3, CCL5/RANTES, CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β, and CCL9/MIP-1γ. Secretion of the corresponding proteins was confirmed by ELISA and Elispot. Consistent with this chemokine expression, supernatants of activated Thpp, Th1 and Th2 cells but not naive CD4T cells induced pertussis toxin-sensitive chemotaxis of B and T cells. Supernatants of Thpp cells did not bias differentiation of naive CD4 T cells towards either Th1 or Th2 cells. The secretion of several chemokines, but few cytokines, by primed uncommitted Thpp cells suggests that their activation during an immune response may recruit effector cells without directly polarizing effector functions.
Application of the Wagner-Nelson absorption method to the two-compartment open model.

This report considers the application of the Wagner- Nelson method to both one- and two- compartment open model data when there is no competing reaction at the absorption site. Equations are derived which show that application of the Wagner- Nelson method to data which obey the twocompartment open model with first-order absorption allows accurate estimation of not only the rate constant ka but also the parameters of the two- compartment open model, namely k12, k21, and kel. In the example given, this new method was more accurate than the classical “feathering” or ”back- projection” method. The appropriate criterion for “collapsing” the two- to the onecompartment open model is given. In cases where the one-compartment open model applies, and absorption is first order but abruptly ceases after some time, it is shown that ka may be accurately estimated by application of the Guggenheim method to the AT/V values calculated for the absorption phase.
Thromboresistance comparison of the heartmate II ventricular assist device with the device thrombogenicity emulation-optimized heartassist 5 VAD

Approximately 7.5 × 106 patients in the US currently suffer from end-stage heart failure. The FDA has recently approved the designations of the Thoratec HeartMate II ventricular assist device (VAD) for both bridge-to-transplant and destination therapy (DT) due to its mechanical durability and improved hemodynamics. However, incidence of pump thrombosis and thromboembolic events remains high, and the life-long complex pharmacological regimens are mandatory in its VAD recipients. We have previously successfully applied our device thrombogenicity emulation (DTE) methodology for optimizing device thromboresistance to the Micromed Debakey VAD, and demonstrated that optimizing device features implicated in exposing blood to elevated shear stresses and exposure times significantly reduces shear-induced platelet activation and significantly improves the device thromboresistance. In the present study, we compared the thrombogenicity of the FDA-approved HeartMate II VAD with the DTE-optimized Debakey VAD (now labeled HeartAssist 5). With quantitative probability density functions of the stress accumulation along large number of platelet trajectories within each device which were extracted from numerical flow simulations in each device, and through measurements of platelet activation rates in recirculation flow loops, we specifically show that: (a) Platelets flowing through the HeartAssist 5 are exposed to significantly lower stress accumulation that lead to platelet activation than the HeartMate II, especially at the impeller-shroud gap regions (b) Thrombus formation patterns observed in the HeartMate II are absent in the HeartAssist 5 (c) Platelet activation rates (PAR) measured in vitro with the VADs mounted in recirculation flow-loops show a 2.5-fold significantly higher PAR value for the HeartMate II. This head to head thrombogenic performance comparative study of the two VADs, one optimized with the DTE methodology and one FDA-approved, demonstrates the efficacy of the DTE methodology for drastically reducing the device thrombogenic potential, validating the need for a robust in silico/in vitro optimization methodology for improving cardiovascular devices thromboresistance.
Capacity testing a HYPERchannel-based local area network

Using a hardware monitor, the capacity of a mature (over 10 years old), heavily loaded (5 Cray supercomputers, 3 Ethernet gateways, 13 terminal concentrators, 5000 terminal, 40 node) two-trunk, HYPERchannel-based, high-data-rate local area network was tested. Results indicate that the current load could be intensified by 40% before the network reaches saturation. As the load approaches saturation, overly persistent, low-level protocols begin thrashing, effectively destabilizing the network and destroying much of its potential capacity. The steps needed to extend its lifespan and improve its performance under heavy loads are recommended. >
An Assessment of Invasion Risk from Assisted Migration

To reduce the risk of extinction due to climate change, some ecologists have suggested human-aided translocation of species, or assisted migration (AM), to areas where climate is projected to become suitable. Such intentional movement, however, may create new invasive species if successful introductions grow out of control and cause ecologic or economic damage. We assessed this risk by surveying invasive species in the United States and categorizing invaders based on origin. Because AM will involve moving species on a regional scale within continents (i.e., range shifts), we used invasive species with an intracontinental origin as a proxy for species that would be moved through AM. We then determined whether intracontinental invasions were more prevalent or harmful than intercontinental invasions. Intracontinental invasions occurred far less frequently than invasions from other continents, but they were just as likely to have had severe effects. Fish and crustaceans pose a particularly high threat of intracontinental invasion. We conclude that the risk of AM to create novel invasive species is small, but assisted species that do become invasive could have large effects. Past experience with species reintroductions may help inform policy regarding AM.
Institutions, Nationalism, and the Transition Process in Eastern Europe *

In the late 1980s, the actual accomplishments of capitalism finally made a convincing case against socialism. After several decades of experimentation with human beings, socialism in the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries (hereafter, Eastern Europe) died an inglorious death. To an economist, the present value of the expected future benefits from socialism fell relative to their current production costs. And Marx was finally dead and, hopefully, buried.
Black Swan: directed by Darren Aronofsky, with screenplay by Mark Heyman, Andres Heinz, and John McLaughlin (2010). Produced by Jon Avnet, Brad Fischer, Peter Fruchtman, Ari Handel, Jennifer Roth, Rick Schwartz, Tyler Thompson, and David Thwaites. Los Angeles, CA: Fox Searchlight Pictures.

The journey begins with a dream—a dream to be the Swan Queen in the opening production of the ballet “Swan Lake.” Nina Sayers (Natalie Portman), a ballerina in the New York City ballet company, dre...
Progress toward time-resolved molecular imaging: A theoretical study of optimal parameters in static photoelectron holography

The availability of short-pulse free-electron lasers has led to the idea of using photoelectron holography as a method of directly imaging molecular dissociations or reactions in real time, as, e.g., in a recent theoretical study by Krasniqi et al., [F. Krasniqi, B. Najjari, L. Str\"uder, D. Rolles, A. Voitkiv, and J. Ullrich, Phys. Rev. A 81, 033411 (2010)]. In this paper, we extend this earlier work and in particular look at two critical questions concerning the optimum type of data required for such holographic imaging: the choice of photoelectron kinetic energy (e.g., $\ensuremath{\sim}$300 eV versus $\ensuremath{\sim}$1700 eV as in the prior study), and the use of a single energy or multiple energies. After verifying that our calculations fully duplicate those in this prior paper, we show that using lower energies is preferable to using higher energies for image quality, a conclusion consistent with prior photoelectron holography studies at surfaces, and that multiple lower energies in which the hologram effectively spans a volume in $k$space yields the best quality images that should be useful for such ``molecular movies.'' Although the amount of data required for such multi-energy holography is roughly an order of magnitude higher than that for single energy, the reduction of artifacts and the improved quality of the images suggest this as the optimum ultimate future strategy for such dynamic imaging.
Smart Substation Hardware Platform Design Based on Low Voltage Differential Signal High-speed Serial Bus

Based on the study of low voltage differential signal(LVDS) high-speed serial bus,a construction method of an object-oriented unified hardware platform of automation devices for smart substation is proposed.LVDS is one kind of data transmission technology with excellent performance.High-speed serial bus of automation device can be constructed with LVDS for smart substation.High-speed serial bus is analyzed in detail and the construction method of smart substation hardware platform is expounded.In addition,the hardware implementation of smart substation automation typical devices with the hardware platform are proposed.Based on this hardware platform,automation devices used in various voltage-level smart substation can be constructed,the workload for developing and maintaining automation devices used in smart substation can be simplified in this way.
Predicting RNA–RNA Interactions Using RNAstructure

RNA-RNA binding is a required step for many regulatory and catalytic processes in the cell. Identifying RNA-RNA hybridization sites is challenging because of the competition between intramolecular and intermolecular structure formation. A complete picture of RNA-RNA binding includes an understanding of single-stranded folding and binding site accessibility, and is strongly concentration-dependent. This chapter provides guidance for using RNAstructure to predict RNA-RNA binding sites and RNA-RNA structures, utilizing free energy minimization and partition function calculations. RNAstructure is freely available at http://rna.urmc.rochester.edu/RNAstructure.html .
Chromodomain Ligand Optimization via Target-Class Directed Combinatorial Repurposing.

Efforts to develop strategies for small-molecule chemical probe discovery against the readers of the methyl-lysine (Kme) post-translational modification have been met with limited success. Targeted disruption of these protein–protein interactions via peptidomimetic inhibitor optimization is a promising alternative to small-molecule hit discovery; however, recognition of identical peptide motifs by multiple Kme reader proteins presents a unique challenge in the development of selective Kme reader chemical probes. These selectivity challenges are exemplified by the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) chemical probe, UNC3866, which demonstrates submicromolar off-target affinity toward the non-PRC1 chromodomains CDYL2 and CDYL. Moreover, since peptidomimetics are challenging subjects for structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies, traditional optimization of UNC3866 would prove costly and time-consuming. Herein, we report a broadly applicable strategy for the affinity-based, target-class screening of chro...
Quality Teaching and Teacher Preparation

As noted by a number of chapter authors, quality teachers have been identified as the most consequential in-school resource to support student achievement. Acknowledging the importance of teacher quality, 2002 federal legislation established the standard that all children would be taught in the core academic subjects by “highly qualified” teachers in the 2005-06 academic year (No Child Left Behind Act P.L. 107-110, 2002).
The Lions Roar: British Identity and the Professional Game

In relation to national identities of contemporary times rugby provides us with an interesting scenario that is not present in many other sports. While the four home unions play each other annually in the Six Nations championships they also come together once every four years to form the British and Irish Lions. On a calendar that incorporates quadrennial trips to South Africa, Australia and New Zealand (with the next tour scheduled for Australia in 2013) this provides players from the home unions a chance to challenge some of the leading powers in the sport in their own backyard. In itself this is a testing and daunting task yet for the Lions this is something undertaken on very limited preparation time all the while trying to meld individuals from four very different cultures.
Volker Strassen: Amazing Results

This chapter discusses two unexpected results by Strassen: his sub-cubic time for matrix product and his super-linear lower bound with Walter Baur on arithmetical circuit size. Possible connections are drawn to new results by Ryan and Virginia Williams involving graphs and matrices—this was a year before the latter’s improvement on Strassen’s matrix product time.
What Do Regulators Value

In a pioneering article entitled “Taxation by Regulation,” Judge Richard Posner challenged the prevailing orthodoxy that regulation emulates competition along the lines of the Public Interest Theory of regulation. He argued that regulation is best viewed as a branch of public finance in which the power of the state is leveraged to achieve non-competitive outcomes. We develop an indirect test of Posner’s theory by specifying the regulator’s welfare function as a convex combination of consumer surplus, profits shared with the regulator and profits retained by the regulated firm. The welfare weights cannot be observed directly, but can be inferred from the regulator’s behavior in equilibrium. To wit, when the regulator permits the regulated firm to earn positive profits and authorizes higher prices in response to a greater degree of profit sharing this establishes both an upper bound on the consumer surplus weight and a higher weight on shared profits than on profits retained by the regulated firm. Applying this test to the implementation of the 1996 Telecommunications Act lends support to Posner’s theory.
Implementation of solutions to reduce opioid-induced oversedation and respiratory depression.

Purpose The implementation of interventions to mitigate the causes of opioid-induced oversedation and respiratory depression (OSRD) is reported. Summary A single-site retrospective review of eligible rescue naloxone cases was conducted to identify the causes of opioid-induced OSRD in a hospital as well as to identify risk factors. A survey was used to assess potential opioid knowledge deficits among hospitalist prescribers. Based on the findings of the case reviews and results of the opioid knowledge assessments, a series of interventions to address noted deficiencies was implemented over the ensuing months, including enhanced monitoring for sedation, improved clinical decision support in the electronic medical record (EMR), and various adjustments to dosing for high-risk patients. The primary endpoint of our analysis was naloxone use for documented cases of opioid-induced OSRD to determine the effectiveness of the interventions. A mean of 16 OSRD events occurred per quarter before intervention implementation. An average of five risk factors (range, two to six) was found among OSRD cases, most commonly age of >60, obesity, and comorbidities of the kidneys and lungs. Deficiencies of clinical care were found in four inter-related domains: knowledge deficits, inadequate monitoring, failure to leverage the EMR, and cultural issues regarding pain assessments and sedation management. Conclusion Implementation of solution bundles that utilized an EMR to create meaningful clinical decision support and cultural changes related to pain goals and communication about sedation level at an acute care hospital resulted in a fivefold reduction in OSRD events that has been sustained for two years.
On Being Found: How Habitual Patterns of Thought Influence Creative Interest, Behavior, and Ability

This study on 138 undergraduate students used path analysis to investigate the relationship between creativity (interest, measured by a creative activities survey; and ability: fluency, originality, and elaboration) and different aspects of thought patterns presumed to influence the preparation and illumination phase of the creative process: habitual patterns of thought (ruminative brooding, ruminative self-reflection), thought suppression, thought intrusion, mind wandering, and associative ability. Such relationship was hinted at in Wallas’s classical model of the creative sequence, but is rarely investigated. We found that creative behavior/interest was driven by self-reflection, thought intrusion, and the lack of a need for thought suppression; creative ability was fueled mainly by associative ability. The only variable that influenced both aspects of creativity was the lack of resistance to thought suppression; this distinguished the creativity variables from dysphoria, which was associated with a des...
Development of Food Group Books for Three‐ and Four‐Year‐Old Children

Food preferences can be established in young children and these food preferences could extend into adulthood. This article is about MyPlate Food Group Books which are five nonfiction books. Each book covers one food group. The books were developed with input from 4-year-old children, preschool educators, and specialists in nutrition education and child development. The books were tested for acceptance and potential for behavior change with a small group of 3-year-old children. After the books were read once a day for 2 weeks by teachers, the authors tested the effect of book exposure on food consumption by measuring aggregate plate waste. Although changes in food consumption behaviors were not observed, the teachers indicated changes in the preschooler's attitudes toward trying new foods. Positive attitudes toward new foods could result in increased familiarity and eventually changes in food behavior.
Beyond Related Experience: Upstream vs. Downstream Experience in Innovation Contest Platforms with Interdependent Problem Domains

Problem definition: Innovation contest platforms are often organized around specific fields and host contests that span a variety of interdependent problem domains. Whereas contestants may benefit ...
A Common Pathway of Root Growth Control and Response to CLE Peptides Through Two Receptor Kinases in Arabidopsis

Cell-cell communication is essential for plants to integrate developmental programs with external cues that affect their growth. Recent advances in plant signaling have uncovered similar molecular mechanisms in shoot, root, and vascular meristem signaling that involve receptor-like kinases and small, secreted peptides. Here, we report that the receptor-like kinases TOAD2/RPK2 and RPK1 regulate root growth by controlling cell proliferation and affecting meristem size. Two types of developmental alterations were observed upon exogenous CLE peptide application. The first type was detected in all plants treated, and comprise increased proliferative activity of cells in the stem cell niche and a delay of progression in differentiation of daughter cells. The second type was changes specific to the genotypes that are sensitive to CLE-driven root meristem inhibition and include a large decrease in the occurrence of cell divisions in longitudinal files, correlating with shorter meristems and cessation of root growth. The root meristems of toad2/rpk2 mutant plants are insensitive to the inhibitory effect of CLE17 peptide treatment, consistent with TOAD2/RPK2 function as a receptor for CLE peptides. In addition, a strong reduction in the expression of RPK1 protein upon CLE treatment, dependent on TOAD2/RPK2, suggests that these two RLKs mediate CLE signaling in a common pathway to control root growth.
Work-Family Conflict Among Dual-Earners: Are Partner, Family, and Friends Resources or Liabilities?

Using dyadic data from a random sample of dual-earner couples from an upper Midwestern city in the US (N = 99), this study examined how each partner’s strain and support from family, partner, and friends relate to work-family conflict. The findings showed several significant relationships. Among men, friend support was associated with lower work-to-family conflict and higher family-to-work conflict, whereas partner support was related to lower family-to-work conflict. Partner strain was associated with work-to-family conflict among women and family-to-work conflict among men. Men’s friend support was related to less work-to-family conflict among women, and women’s family support was associated with less family-to-work conflict among men. Men’s friend strain was associated with higher family-to-work conflict among women. The implications of these findings were discussed, with an eye towards identifying theoretical and practical implications of this study.
THE USE OF THE PALMARIS BREVIS FLAP IN RECURRENT CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

SUMMARY In failed cases of primary carpal tunnel release, the addition of the highly vascular palmaris brevis turnover flap as an adjunct to internal neurolysis discourages scarring and provides a nutrient bed for axonal regeneration. In fact, the palmaris muscle flap actually may suppress the growth of nerve fibers into the overlying scar. Experimentally, classic neuromas do not form when a severed nerve is placed in an innervated muscle,7 particularly those with minimal excursion,2 as is the case with the turned over palmaris cushion. Major advantages of the palmaris turnover muscle are (1) proximity of the muscle to the operative field, obviating the need for a distant graft source; (2) negligible functional motor loss as a result of forfeiting this muscle; (3) no separate scar is created in raising this flap; and (4) adequate padding of the subcutaneous fat is still left at the donor site to protect the ulnar neurovascular bundle. Although postoperative healing and rehabilitation time are relatively lengthened by the more extensive dissection, subjective assessments of pain relief and clinical improvements in grip strength, pinch strength, and sensory parameters justify the use of the palmaris brevis turnover flap in recalcitrant carpal tunnel cases.
Choosing Your Friends and Allies at Work

Be very careful in choosing friends. Wrong choices will hurt you. Allies at work are important but your interests must coincide.
PRC1: A Human Mitotic Spindle–Associated CDK Substrate Protein Required for Cytokinesis

Abstract We have identified a novel human protein, PRC1, that is involved in cytokinesis. PRC1 is a good substrate for several CDKs in vitro and is phosphorylated in vivo at sites that are phosphorylated by CDK in vitro, strongly suggesting that PRC1 is an in vivo CDK substrate. PRC1 has sequence homology to the budding yeast anaphase spindle elongation factor Ase1p. Like Ase1p, PRC1 protein levels are high during S and G2/M and drop dramatically after cells exit mitosis and enter G1. PRC1 is a nuclear protein in interphase, becomes associated with mitotic spindles in a highly dynamic manner during mitosis, and localizes to the cell midbody during cytokinesis. Microinjection of anti-PRC1 antibodies into HeLa cells blocked cellular cleavage, but not nuclear division, indicating a functional role for PRC1 in the process of cytokinesis.
On the Naturality of Pic, SK0 and SK1

Several facts about SK0 and SK1 are presented, both for commutative rings and schemes. If A is the homogeneous coordinate ring of a projective variety over a field k, then Pic(A), SK0(A) and SK1(A) are naturally modules over the ring W(k) of Witt vectors over k. If A is any commutative ring, NPic(A), NSK0(A) and NSK1(A) are naturally modules over W(A). The K-theory transfer map, defined when B is an A-algebra which is a finite projective A-module, sends SK0(B) to SK0(A) and SK1(B) to SK1(A).
NASA’s Space Launch System: First Mission Hardware Nears Completion

The Space Launch System (SLS) Program (Fig. 1) completed several significant production milestones in 2018 for its first mission and is poised for greater accomplishments in 2019. With manufacturing and hardware installation complete, Boeing completed the core stage forward join and shipped the liquid hydrogen tank structural test article to Marshall Space Flight Center for testing. The core stage aft join and LOX tank STA are expected to be completed in 2019 on the way to final stage integration. The four EM-1 engines are poised for stage integration in 2019. The Launch Vehicle Stage Adapter completed outfitting at Marshall and will be shipped to Kennedy Space Center in 2019. All solid rocket motor segments for the EM-1 boosters are cast, inspected and ready for shipment to KSC. The Program continues to work toward first launch of the nation’s new super heavy lift deep space capability in fiscal 2020. SLS is designed, engineered and tested to launch the most challenging exploration missions, minimizing risk and providing the greatest opportunity for mission success and scientific discovery. This paper will discuss the technical and programmatic successes and challenges of the past year and look ahead to plans for 2019.
A 250-mW 60-GHz CMOS Transceiver SoC Integrated With a Four-Element AiP Providing Broad Angular Link Coverage

In this article, we present a low-power, small form-factor, 60-GHz packaged radio featuring broad beam coverage. We increase angular coverage by beam switching between two orthogonally pointed low directivity beams that are created using two different antennas integrated in package. The resulting wide angular coverage of the radio makes radio links robust to movement and rotation; this improvement overcomes a key challenge for millimeter-wave (mmWave) deployment in portable electronics. We incorporate a 3.2 mm $\times $ 3.2 mm 32-nm CMOS radio integrated circuit (IC) in the package for radio functions. The IC includes TX and RX RF front ends, up- and down-conversion mixers, TX and RX analog baseband circuits, a common PLL, TX and RX LO chains, and ADCs and a micro-controller for built-in self-test (BIST). The IC is flip-chip packaged on a four-layer organic package comprising two TX antennas and two RX antennas. In board-level over-the-air measurements of the half-duplex packaged radio, 17.1-dBm effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) and 6.1-dB noise figure are achieved in the TX and RX modes respectively, with power consumption below 250 mW in either mode. We characterized the radio over the air using 802.11ad waveforms; the radio is 802.11ad compliant in both TX and RX modes at data rates up to the maximum 802.11ad PHY rate of 4.62 Gb/s (raw data rate >7 Gb/s) with a TX EVM $\pi $ steradians in first-of-a-kind measurements. The radio maintains 802.11ad compliance over 2.9 $\pi $ steradians solid angle.
A Simple Deep Learning Network for Target Classification

In this paper, the primary objective is to develop a target classification algorithm based on deep learning network for real time application, primarily for an automatic target recognition (ATR) system in combat operation. Deep learning exploits neural networks for the learning of useful illustrations of features from the data directly for regression and classification. For the training there are two options: 1) formulate and train a new network, or 2) use pre-trained networks. This paper shows an example on developing and training a simple deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) for the classification of three different type of targets namely: tank, truck and apc. In order for the creation of the CNN, we have created a training database consisting of 1266 sample images of those three targets. Then 30% of those images are selected randomly for the training purposes and the rest 70% of the images are used for the validation or testing purposes. This paper presents a preliminary study on the creation of a CNN for the classification of targets from forward looking infrared imagery (FLIR) supplied by Army Missile Command (AMCOM). The accuracy of the created CNN is 95.7%. The ultimate goal is to integrate this classification algorithm into our ongoing work on the design of a complete ATR system.
Paraneoplastic Movement Disorders

Paraneoplastic neurological disorders represent the remote effects of cancer on the nervous system via mechanisms other than infection, metastasis, ischemia, metabolic derangement, or treatment side effects. Movement disorders are a rare presentation of a paraneoplastic syndrome. In this article, we review the most commonly reported paraneoplastic movement disorders.
To Isolate or Not To Isolate: The Impact of Changing Behavior on COVID-19 Transmission

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 25 million cases and 800 thousand deaths worldwide to date. Neither vaccines nor therapeutic drugs are currently available for this novel coronavirus. All measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 are thus based on reducing contact between infected and susceptible individuals. Most of these measures such as quarantine and self-isolation require voluntary compliance by the population. However, humans may act in their (perceived) self-interest only. We construct a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission with quarantine and hospitalization coupled with a dynamic game model of adaptive human behavior. Susceptible and infected individuals adopt various behavioral strategies based on perceived prevalence and burden of the disease and sensitivity to isolation measures, and they evolve their strategies using a social learning algorithm (imitation dynamics). This results in complex interplay between the epidemiological model, which affects success of different strategies, and the game-theoretic behavioral model, which in turn affects the spread of the disease. We found that the second wave of the pandemic, which has been observed in the US, can be attributed to rational behavior of susceptible individuals, and that multiple waves of the pandemic are possible if the rate of social learning of infected individuals is sufficiently high. To reduce the burden of the disease on the society, it is necessary to incentivize such altruistic behavior by infected individuals as voluntary self-isolation.
A review of optimal evaluation and treatment of suspected esophageal food impaction

Fluoroscopy-guided esophageal disimpaction of ingested food is a safe, effective, and cost-efficient alternative to endoscopically guided disimpaction. Patients with suspected esophageal impaction usually require fluoroscopy to confirm the diagnosis and determine the level of obstruction, which guides further management. Proximal esophageal food impactions at or near the cricopharyngeus muscle require an ENT intervention. Food impactions from the cervical esophagus to the aortic arch require a GI intervention. Obstructions distal to the aortic arch can usually be managed by the radiologist with a fluoroscopy-guided disimpaction. The use of intravenous glucagon to relax the mid and distal esophageal smooth muscle, combined with an effervescent agent, and water comprises this “combination” therapy to relieve an acute esophageal food impaction. This paper reviews the indications, contraindications, technique, and 32 years of experience with fluoroscopy-guided esophageal disimpaction at our institution. A retrospective chart review of our experience includes 252 patients with a 56% success rate that obviated more expensive and invasive procedures. Only one complication of a minor mucosal tear of no clinical consequence was encountered. Radiologists should be familiar with the presentation and management of this common diagnosis.
Unaccompanied Hospitalized Children: An Integrative Review.

Abstract Problem A child's hospitalization is often associated with stress that is exacerbated when the child is left unaccompanied by parents/caregivers. Parental presence, as part of a family-centered approach to care, is a strategy to mitigate the stressors and negative effects of hospitalization. However, due to a variety of circumstances, some children continue to remain unaccompanied in the hospital. This integrative review explored the phenomenon of unaccompanied hospitalized children. Eligibility criteria Relevant articles available in full-text and written in English were identified through electronic searches of CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO and through hand searches of reference lists. Sample Eleven studies were included, analyzed, and synthesized into themes. Study quality was assessed using Bowling and Pearson's appraisal checklists. Results Distress of hospitalized children is evident when children are unaccompanied in the hospital and left to experience the stressors of hospitalization alone. The compounding effects of hospitalization and separation can cause distress and psychological trauma during and after the hospitalization period. Pediatric nurses strive to provide care to unaccompanied children that lessens these negative effects. Conclusions Unaccompanied hospitalized children represent a vulnerable population. While the literature provides some insight into the experiences, research does not adequately explore the unaccompanied hospitalized child's experience. Implications Pediatric nurses hold a position that enable them to support the physical and psychosocial needs of unaccompanied hospitalized children. By recognizing and addressing the stressors and distress unaccompanied children experience, nurses can help alleviate the subsequent effects resulting from separation and hospitalization.
Public Health Insurance and Impacts on Crime Incidences and Mental Health

This paper evaluates the effect of Medicaid expansions for individuals with disabilities on crime rates and mental health status. Using the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports and the CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Surveys, I estimate the impact of Medicaid using an event study approach. Results indicate a reduction in crime incidence that was strongest in the years immediately following the expansion and dissipated over time. Estimates also suggest a smaller likelihood of one day of poor mental health within the past month, but this impact was short-lived. Analysis suggests that improved alcohol abuse was not a main explanation for mental health improvements. The analysis cannot eliminate whether improvements to non-alcohol substance abuse treatment, financial strain, or access to treatment for other mental illnesses explain the impact to crime and mental health status. Expanding Medicaid shows a degree of impact on both crime and mental health suggesting several policy considerations.