cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modes of Governmentality in an Online Space: A Case Study of Blog Activities in an Advanced Level Japanese-as-a-Foreign-Language Classroom.

This article discusses the validity of the incorporation of online communication in language education classes as a practice free of power politics. By examining blog activities in an advanced‐level Japanese‐as‐a‐Foreign‐Language classroom at a university in the USA, we show that the blog’s postings and readers’ comments evoke certain modes of governmentality – practices that shape one’s conduct – and define the space of a particular blog. This article illustrates two kinds of space created in blogs: that of language education in which ‘native speakers’ dominate ‘non‐native speakers’; and that of information exchange with less fixed relations of dominance, although participants’ behavior is regulated nonetheless. We suggest involving students in analyzing blog comments so that they can understand, and respond to, how the mode of governmentality works outside the classroom and how to transform relations of dominance that manifest themselves in online spaces.
THE EFFECT OF ETHYL URETHANE ANESTHESIA ON THE ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM AND CELL CONTENTS OF THE BLOOD

When anesthesia is produced in rabbits or rats by injections of ethyl urethane, the C02 content and pH of the whole blood of the animal are more or less rapidly increased to a point where there is a marked uncompensated alkalosis which reaches its maximum at 24 hours and persists for 48 hours. The increase in the C02 content and pH of the whole blood is accompanied by a decrease in the circulating lymphocytes and an increase in the polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
Cooperative Advantage and Vertical Information System Standards: An Automotive Supply Chain Case Study

Development, implementation, and effective use of interorganizational information systems (IOS) remain an elusive goal for many companies, despite growing complexity in supply chains and evidence that lack of interoperable information systems results in enormous costs. We use collective action theory and a pie sharing framework to explore factors influencing adoption of industry standard IOS. An automotive industry case highlights explanations for difficulties achieving acceptance of proprietary IOS within the supply chain, as well as potential benefits of an industry standard approach. The case suggests that a manufacturer-centric approach treating IOS as a source of competitive advantage can fail to achieve either private or collective benefits. Evidence from a pilot study of a standards-based effort suggests that a cooperative approach to IOS in the supply chain may enhance prospects for both firm and industry profitability. We conclude with several propositions to guide future research on adoption of industry wide IOS standards.
Technical Considerations in Federal Regulation of Aircraft Noise at the Source

With the adoption in 1969 of the Federal Aviation Regulations, Part 36 (FAR), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) embarked upon a program to quantify and to limit the noise impact of the nation's civil air fleets. Since that original adoption, several amendments have been issued to (a) improve or better standardize the measurement of airplane noise, (b) redefine the descriptor-effective perceived noise level, (c) lower the permissible noise levels, and (d) require application of the standard to other airplanes. This paper reviews the technological basis for these standards, the public process by which they are promulgated or amended, and how they relate to the prediction and alleviation of community noise.
Risk factors for infectious complications with angio-seal percutaneous vascular closure devices.

Percutaneous vascular closure devices have become increasingly common in their use in both cardiac and peripheral vascular intervention. Our cases present the risk factors of repeat percutaneous va...
Photochemistry and the Sea-Surface Microlayer: Natural Processes and Potential as a Technique

The largest effects of photochemical processes in the Top Boundary Layer probably involve reactions at the sea surface of species formed by atmospheric processes. The ozone influx is probably the largest and most significant one. Ozone reacts with dissolved iodide and with other unknown components. One consequence is the formation of volatile iodine species, perhaps in sufficient amounts to balance the atmospheric iodine budget. However, most of the ozone reaction products undergo other fates.
Evolution of simple sequence repeats as mutable sites.

Because natural selection is commonly presumed to minimize mutation rates, the discovery of mutationally unstable simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in many functional genomic locations came as a surprise to many biologists. Whether such SSRs persist in spite of or because of their intrinsic mutability — whether they constitute a genetic burden or an evolutionary boon — remains uncertain. Two contrasting evolutionary explanations can be offered for SSR abundance. First, suppressing the inherent mutability of repetitive sequences might simply lie beyond the reach of natural selection. Alternatively, natural selection might indirectly favor SSRs at sites where particular repeat-number variants have provided positive contributions to fitness. Indirect selection could thereby shape SSRs into “tuning knobs” that facilitate evolutionary adaptation by implementing an implicit protocol of incremental adjustability. The latter possibility is consistent with deep evolutionary conservation of some SSRs, including several in genes with neurological and neurodevelopmental function.
Technical communique: An output error identification interpretation of model reference adaptive control

The task of discrete model reference adaptive control is manipulated into an output error identification problem. Strictly causal output error identifiers recently developed as adaptive recursive filters are therefore proposed for unique provision of a model reference adaptive control algorithm relying only on input-output data.
Educational Issues: The Impact of Cancer in the Classroom

Both during and after treatment, children with cancer can have specific educational needs, related to physical, social-emotional, and cognitive factors. While in treatment, the focus is often on ways to support a child’s ongoing attendance or involvement in school, whereas after treatment, there is an increased focus on management of specific learning or cognitive issues, which can be direct sequelae of treatment and may emerge over time. Children treated for cancer, particularly those with a central nervous system malignancy or those treated with cranial radiation, are at highest risk for educational difficulties. Families of survivors with educational problems are typically distressed by the particular pattern and timing of deficits, but they may have different needs about when and how to discuss those issues. In addition to supporting children and their families, clinicians also need to inform and educate school personnel. Teachers and school psychologists often have limited training or knowledge about educational issues specifically related to childhood cancer, and parents may not be aware of the school-based services or how to access them. According to federal law, children with a health issue that significantly impacts their success at school can be eligible for special education services, accommodations, and supports within the school. Intervention may include instructional approaches, cognitive remediation, psychopharmacological treatments, and ongoing advocacy. This chapter aims to provide background and guidance for clinicians working with children with cancer to help support their academic success and promote optimal educational outcomes during and after cancer treatment.
Evaluation of Skin Friction Drag for Liner Applications in Aircraft

A parameter that is gaining significance in the evaluation of acoustic liner performance is the skin friction drag induced by air flow over the liner surface. Estimates vary widely regarding the amount of drag the liner induces relative to a smooth wall, from less than a 20% increase to nearly 100%, and parameters such as face sheet perforate hole diameter, percent open area, and sheet thickness are expected to figure prominently in the skin friction drag. Even a small increase in liner drag can impose an economic penalty, and current research is focused on developing 'low drag' liner concepts, with the goal being to approach the skin friction drag of a smooth wall. The issue of skin friction drag takes on greater significance as airframe designers investigate the feasibility of putting sound absorbing liners on the non-lifting surfaces of the wings and fuselage, for the purpose of reducing engine noise reflected and scattered toward observers on the ground. Researchers at the NASA Langley Research Center have embarked on investigations of liner skin friction drag with the aims of: developing a systematic drag measurement capability, establishing the drag of current liners, and developing liners that produce reduced drag without compromising acoustic performance. This paper discusses the experimental procedures that have been developed to calculate the drag coefficient based on the change in momentum thickness and the companion research program being carried out to measure the drag directly using a force balance. Liner samples that are evaluated include a solid wall with known roughness and conventional liners with perforated facesheets of varying hole diameter and percent open area.
Geometric Morphometrics of Dentaries in Myotis: Species Identification and Its Implications for Conservation and the Fossil Record

Abstract Dentaries of 6 species of Myotis from eastern North America were analyzed, using landmark-based geometric morphometrics, and were distinguished with 83.3% accuracy, although sexes were poorly discriminated using this technique. Fossils of Myotis from Bat Cave, KY, were studied in an attempt to identify these specimens to species level. Southeastern Bats and endangered Indiana Bats dominated the fossil sample, with some Eastern Small-footed Bats and endangered Gray Bats. Such results demonstrate the ability to differentiate Myotis from historic and prehistoric sites and provide a tool for researchers to understand and potentially to conserve these species.
ADAPTIVE DESIGN OPTIMIZATION USING CLASSIFIERS BASED MACHINE LEARNING PARADIGM

An evolutionary design optimization technique which gets progressively 'smarter' during the optimization process by learning from computed domain knowledge, has been developed. This technique employs adaptive learning mechanisms (classifiers) which recognize the influence of the design variables on the problem solution and then generalize them to dynamically create or change design rules during optimization. This technique, when applied to a constrained optimization problem, shows progressive improvement in convergence of search, as successive generations of rules evolve by learning from the environment. To investigate this methodology, a truss optimization problem is solved with an objective of minimizing the truss weight subject to stress constraints in the truss members. A distinct convergent trend is observed as indicated by an improvement in the truss quality, where the latter is defined as the weighted sum of the truss weight and the design constraint violations. The paper describes the basic concept and architecture of the new scheme, and the results obtained by applying this technique to solve the optimization problem.
Experimental investigation on furnace flue gas temperature of new-type tangentially fired boiler

Since lignite is not propitious to fire,this paper introduces the reasons for the uncertainty of the countermeasures and measuring system during the design of lignite boiler.Through the on-site measurement and computer numerical simulation,the paper also analyzes the flue gas temperature distribution in lignite boiler with new firing method and its temperature property of the representative area.The results provides the necessary references of theoretical analysis for the operating staff's convenience to control equipments.
Probing dipole-dipole interaction in a rubidium gas via double-quantum 2D spectroscopy.

We have implemented double-quantum 2D spectroscopy on a rubidium vapor and shown that this technique provides sensitive and background-free detection of the dipole–dipole interaction. The 2D spectra include signals from both individual atoms and interatomic interactions, allowing quantitative studies of the interaction. A theoretical model based on the optical Bloch equations is used to reproduce the experimental spectrum and confirm the origin of double-quantum signals.
Adiponectin: Just Along for the Ride?

Adiponectin is the most adipocyte-specific of all secretory factors described to date. Despite its exclusive expression at the level of the fat cell, adiponectin concentrations in plasma are generally inversely proportional to fat mass.1,2 More detailed studies reveal that it is not fat mass, but rather fat quality that is the driving force for adiponectin expression. Comparing metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy obese individuals, the metabolically healthy individuals display higher levels of adiponectin despite identical body mass indices.3,4 This reflects the close relationship between adiponectin and insulin sensitivity. Mouse models that maintain high adiponectin levels similar to lean mice, despite gaining weight,5,6 retain full metabolic flexibility. Positive changes in adiponectin levels are also a reflection of therapeutic improvements in systemic insulin sensitivity, such as on exposure to a PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) agonists.7 We and many others concluded, therefore, that adiponectin levels are excellent integrators of adipose tissue health and systemic metabolic flexibility,8 including as a direct driving force for positive effects exerted on cardiovascular disease states.9 Article, see p 491 Borges et al10 now undertook a Mendelian randomization study using data from several different genome-wide association studies consortia. The authors used …
Improved technique for creation of ileal conduit stoma.

AbstractCreation of a circumferentially protruding urinary intestinal stoma is an important aspect to prevent stomal regression, stenosis and parastomal herniation. Furthermore, an improperly fashioned stoma may make fitting of an ostomy appliance difficult, resulting in urinary leakage with secondary dermatitis and incrustation. The major difficulty in fashioning the stoma is everting the mucosa over the intestinal mesentery. We describe our method of stoma formation that creates a circumferentially symmetrical protruding stoma free of tension that has been used successfully even in obese patients. This technique has made the use of a Turnbull stoma unnecessary in our recent experience. (J. Urol., 144: 1188–1191, 1990)
Platinum-Catalyzed α,β-Unsaturated Carbene Formation in the Formal Syntheses of Frondosin B and Liphagal

Formal syntheses of tetracyclic terpenoids frondosin B and liphagal are described. Both synthetic routes rely on the use of platinum-catalyzed α,β-unsaturated carbene formation for the key C–C bond forming transformations. The successful route toward frondosin B utilizes a formal (4 + 3) cycloaddition, while the liphagal synthesis features the vinylogous addition of an enol nucleophile as a key step. Both synthetic routes are discussed, revealing insights into structural requirements in the catalytic α,β-unsaturated carbene reaction manifold.
Clinical nursing and midwifery research in Middle Eastern and North African Countries: A Scoping Review

The professions of nursing and midwifery currently face many challenges, such as an increasing number of patients with communicable and non-communicable diseases, which strains resources and requires nurses and midwives to develop their knowledge and skills to a higher level. This is also true in the Middle East, including the Mediterranean East and North African regions, which means it is vitally important that nurses and midwives have access to and use current research to inform their practice, with research targeting the most relevant issues, including complex humanitarian emergency situations that increase health issues and challenge health infrastructure. For this to be achieved, a scoping review of the indexed clinical nursing and midwifery literature in the Middle East was performed to identify gaps in clinical nursing and midwifery research and areas requiring focus. A search of PubMed, CINAHL/EBSCO, EMBASE, the Jordanian Database for Nursing Research resulted in 210/1398 articles which met the inclusion criteria: (1) original research, (2) conducted in Middle Eastern countries as defined by the World Health Organization, (3) had at least one nurse or midwife author (but not limited to nurses in Middle Eastern countries), (4) published in an indexed, peer-reviewed journal between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, (5) included patient outcomes in the results, (6) written in English or Arabic and (7) included an abstract. Studies were found from 10 of the 22 countries; the majority (n = 199; 94.76%) was conducted in three countries: Jordan, Iran and Lebanon. Most studies (n = 158, 75.24%) used quantitative designs, primarily cross-sectional, descriptive studies (n = 106) and the most frequently researched topics were related to maternal child health and women's health (n = 95, 48.5%). Strategies are needed to encourage collaboration between nursing and midwifery faculty members including clinicians to assure that clinical research is disseminated and used to improve patient care.
Beyond the moment, beyond the self: Shared ground between selective investment theory and the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions

Selective investment theory (SIT) challenges us to take a fresh look at bonding and attachment. It envisions them not as special cases of reinforcement learning, but as functional and motivational forces in their own right. Over the past 10 years, our lab has taken a similar approach to the study of positive emotions such as joy, contentment, and gratitude: Rather than seeing positive emotions as mere rewards or signals of desirable circumstances, we argue that they are complex phenomena that help create adaptive behavior. Much like Brown and Brown’s (this issue) social bonds, positive emotions orient our physiology, attention, and cognition away from short-term personal survival and toward cumulative long-term benefits. We welcome Brown and Brown’s work for its contributions to the emerging study of long-term resource building, and suggest ways in which our two programs of research support, enlarge, and intertwine with one another.
Bayesian nonparametric analysis of longitudinal studies in the presence of informative missingness

SummaryIn longitudinal clinical trials, one often encounters missingness that is thought to be nonignorable. Such missingness introduces identifiability issues, resulting in causal effects being nonparametrically unidentified; it is then prudent to conduct a sensitivity analysis to assess how much of the inference is being driven by untestable assumptions needed to identify the effects of interest. We introduce a Bayesian nonparametric framework for conducting inference in the presence of nonignorable, nonmonotone missingness. This framework focuses on the specification of an auxiliary working prior on the space of complete data generating mechanisms. This prior induces a prior on the observed data generating mechanism, which is then used in conjunction with an identifying restriction to conduct inference. Advantages of this approach include a flexible modelling framework, access to simple computational methods, strong theoretical support, straightforward sensitivity analysis, and applicability to nonmonotone missingness.
Virtuosos on the Screen: Playing Virtual Characters Like Instruments in Competitive Super Smash Bros. Melee

Previous research on virtual sociality in games suggests that players use custom avatars to reflect, alter, and perform new identities in digital spaces. However, this study explores an alternative theory of social performance by analyzing a competitive game, Super Smash Bros. Melee, where players face off in timed matches and interact through pre-designed characters. This study shows how Melee players treat virtual characters as performative instruments, similar to the violin or the piano. In forum posts and player-created media, Melee players emphasize the need to train one's hands, eyes, and mind in order to master a character's complexity and express style and skills in live matches. Instrumental embodiment in a competitive game like Melee thus positions players as virtuosos who perform for perceptive audiences. This research points to a range of ways that players may relate to virtual bodies, connected to distinct kinds of social activities.
Improved Medical Student Perception of Ultrasound Using a Paired Anatomy Teaching Assistant and Clinician Teaching Model.

This study describes a new teaching model for ultrasound (US) training, and evaluates its effect on medical student attitudes toward US. First year medical students participated in hands-on US during human gross anatomy (2014 N = 183; 2015 N = 182). The sessions were facilitated by clinicians alone in 2014, and by anatomy teaching assistant (TA)-clinician pairs in 2015. Both cohorts completed course evaluations which included five US-related items on a four-point scale; cohort responses were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests with significance threshold set at 0.05. The 2015 survey also evaluated the TAs (three items, five-point scale). With the adoption of the TA-clinician teaching model, student ratings increased significantly for four out of five US-items: "US advanced my ability to learn anatomy" increased from 2.91 ± 0.77 to 3.35 ± 0.68 (P < 0.0001), "Incorporating US increased my interest in anatomy" from 3.05 ± 0.84 to 3.50 ± 0.71 (P < 0.0001), "US is relevant to my current educational needs" from 3.36 ± 0.63 to 3.54 ± 0.53 (P = 0.015), and "US training should start in Phase I" from 3.36 ± 0.71 to 3.56 ± 0.59 (P = 0.010). Moreover, more than 84% of students reported that TAs enhanced their understanding of anatomy (mean 4.18 ± 0.86), were a valuable part of US training (mean 4.23 ± 0.89), and deemed the TAs proficient in US (mean 4.24 ± 0.86). By using an anatomy TA-clinician teaching team, this study demonstrated significant improvements in student perceptions of the impact of US on anatomy education and the relevancy of US training to the early stages of medical education. Anat Sci Educ 11: 175-184. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
Receipt of Nephrology Care and Clinical Outcomes Among Veterans With Advanced CKD.

Background Clinical practice guidelines recommend referral to nephrology when estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decreases to 2 ; however, evidence for benefits of nephrology care are mixed. Study Design Observational cohort using landmark analysis. Settings & Participants A national cohort of veterans with advanced chronic kidney disease, defined as an outpatient eGFR≤30mL/min/1.73m 2 for January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2010, and a prior eGFR 2 , using administrative and laboratory data from the Department of Veterans Affairs and the US Renal Data System. Predictor Receipt and frequency of outpatient nephrology care over 12 months. Outcomes Survival and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD; receipt of dialysis or kidney transplantation) were the primary outcomes. In addition, control of associated clinical parameters over 12 months were intermediate outcomes. Results Of 39,669 patients included in the cohort, 14,983 (37.8%) received nephrology care. Older age, heart failure, dementia, depression, and rapidly declining kidney function were independently associated with the absence of nephrology care. During a mean follow-up of 2.9 years, 14,719 (37.1%) patients died and 4,310 (10.9%) progressed to ESRD. In models adjusting for demographics, comorbid conditions, and trajectory of kidney function, nephrology care was associated with lower risk for death (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.85-0.91), but higher risk for ESRD (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.38-1.58). Among patients with clinical parameters outside guideline recommendations at cohort entry, a significantly higher adjusted proportion of patients who received nephrology care had improvement in control of hemoglobin, potassium, albumin, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations compared with those who did not receive nephrology care. Limitations May not be generalizable to nonveterans. Conclusions Among patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, nephrology care was associated with lower mortality, but was not associated with lower risk for progression to ESRD.
Rationality as the Capacity for Understanding

In this essay, I develop and defend a virtue-theoretic conception of rationality as a capacity whose function is understanding, as opposed to mere truth or correctness. I focus on two main potential advantages of this view. First, its ability to explain the rationality of forms of explanatory reasoning, and second, its ability to offer a more unified account of theoretical and practical rationality.
The Buzz: EU Steps Up on Bee Protection

The United States, long a leader in environmental protection, appears to be entering a period of retrenchment and retraction from adoption and enforcement of laws aimed at protecting human health and the environment. As the United States stands down, the European Union (EU) appears poised, if not already positioned, to stand in as a global environmental leader. A comparison of U.S. and EU efforts to address global declines in bees reflects this shift in global environmental leadership.
Outcomes of endoscopic intervention for overt GI bleeding in severe thrombocytopenia.

Background and Aims Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in the setting of thrombocytopenia raises concerns about endoscopic procedure risk. We aimed to assess the safety and outcomes of endoscopy for overt GIB in the setting of severe thrombocytopenia in liver cirrhosis (LC) and non-liver cirrhosis (NLC). Methods This is a retrospective study on inpatients who underwent endoscopy within 24 hours of presentation for overt GIB with a platelet count (PC) of 20 to 3 /mL. Outcomes included diagnostic and therapeutic yields, procedural adverse events, packed red blood cell (pRBC) and platelet transfusions, recurrent bleeding rate, and all-cause and GIB-related mortality. Results One hundred forty-four patients were identified. The median PC was 41 × 10 3 /mL and 61% had LC. The diagnostic yield was 68% (LC = 61%, NLC = 79%, P = .04). Therapeutic yield was 60% (59% vs 60%, P = 1.00). The initial hemostasis rate was 94% with one adverse event. The median number of pRBC and platelet transfusions decreased after intervention in the entire cohort. Recurrent bleeding rates were 22% at 1 month and 30% at 1 year, with no differences between groups. An increased international normalized ratio (INR) >2 was a predictor of recurrent bleeding. All-cause mortality was 19% at 1 month and 37% at 1 year, whereas GIB-associated mortality in our cohort was only 3% at 1 month and 4% at 1 year, with no significant difference between LC and NLC. Predictors of mortality were INR >2, activated partial thromboplastin time >38 seconds, hypotension, intensive care unit admission, and pulmonary comorbidities. Conclusion In this study cohort, we observed that endoscopy for overt GIB in the setting of severe thrombocytopenia in patients with LC and NLC appears safe, has moderate diagnostic and therapeutic yields with high initial hemostasis rate, and is associated with a significant decrease in pRBC and platelet transfusions. Recurrent bleeding and all-cause mortality rates remain high.
Novel meshes for multivariate interpolation and approximation

A rapid increase in the quantity of data available is allowing all fields of science to generate more accurate models of multivariate phenomena. Regression and interpolation become challenging when the dimension of data is large, especially while maintaining tractable computational complexity. This paper proposes three novel techniques for multivariate interpolation and regression that each have polynomial complexity with respect to number of instances (points) and number of attributes (dimension). Initial results suggest that these techniques are capable of effectively modeling multivariate phenomena while maintaining flexibility in different application domains.
The Journey From Instrumental to Elementary General Music Education: How to Succeed in a New Specialization:

For various reasons, instrumentalist music education majors may find themselves teaching in an elementary general music classroom. Based on research and experience, this article will discuss why th...
Signal Transduction Mechanisms in Human Natural Killer Cells Mediating Antitumor Immunity

The spontaneous cytotoxicity of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is mediated by a subset of lymphocytes called natural killer (NK) cells. Unlike other cytotoxic lymphocytes, which require prior sensitization by the specific antigen to which they are programmed to respond, single NK cells are directly cytotoxic to a wide variety of malignant cells without prior exposure. Neither the NK cell receptor responsible for activation during this interaction nor its target cell cognate have been identified biochemically. NK cells can also be activated for lysis by the Fc region of IgG antibodies which have coated a malignant target cell (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, ADCC). In contrast to the situation in direct cytotoxicity, the NK cell surface Fc receptor (CD 16) has been well characterized and can be identified by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as 3G8 and Leu-11.
Engineering design of the ALT-II pump limiter for TEXTOR

Advanced Limiter Test II (ALT-II) is an axisymmetric toroidal belt pump limiter scheduled for installation on the TEXTOR tokamak in 1986. ALT-II consists of eight blade segments mounted on adjustab...
MICROCARRIERS AND THE PROBLEM OF HIGH DENSITY CELL CULTURE

Publisher Summary Mammalian cell cultures are needed for production purposes when (a) proteins require specific post-translational processing to be functional; (b) viruses, as opposed to viral antigens, are the products; or (c) cells themselves are the desired product, as in tissue reconstruction. When anchorage-dependent cells are cultured on suitable microcarriers, cell culture is no longer limited by surface area, and the problems of high density culture of anchorage-dependent and-independent cells become the same. These problems include rapid pH decrease, oxygen and nutrient depletion and accumulation of products such as ammonia to growth-inhibitory concentrations. Each of these problems and, in some cases, their solutions will be discussed in terms of the behavior of microcarrier cultures at cell concentrations at or above 107 cells/ml.
First Plasma Operation of TFTR

First plasma was achieved in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) at 3:06 a.m., December 24, 1982. Contributing to the success of achieving first plasma were a number of new procedures, techniques and facilities. These included formal programs of Subsystem Testing and Integrated Systems Testing, a formal First Plasma Operational Readiness Review and a TFTR Operations/Information Center. Because of the magnitude and significance of the TFTR project, the innovations techniques and procedures which proved useful for first plasma will be continued as TFTR proceeds toward its goal of attaining scientific breakeven in fusion in 1986.
World of Work Inventory by Robert E. Ripley

(1977). World of Work Inventory by Robert E. Ripley. Measurement and Evaluation in Guidance: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 62-64.
2549 Characterizing the expression kinetics of HIV-1 envelope protein

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Characterize the expression kinetics of HIV-1 Envelope and their relationship to virus production at the cellular level. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In vitro and ex vivo laboratory analyses. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Initial studies addressing the kinetics of cell surface. Envelope (Env) expression reveal that Env expression to peaks on day 2 post infection. Next steps include a series of experiments to compare the kinetics of Env cell surface expression with broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb)-mediated ADCC and the characterization of virus production kinetics in this same context. To be maximally effective, ADCC elimination of infected cells should occur before peak Env expression. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Potent bNAbs to HIV-1 recognize vulnerable sites on the HIV-1 Envelope (Env) protein and are of great clinical interest due to their potential use in the prevention and treatment of HIV-1 infection. Their effectiveness depends not only on the neutralization of viral infectivity, but also on the elimination of productively infected cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). On a cellular level, ADCC dynamics are determined by the timing and level of Env expression on the surface of HIV-infected cells. This study aims to delineate the expression kinetics of HIV-1 Envelope and their relationship to virus production. We expect that it will provide new insights into the utility of bNAb-mediated ADCC in treating and possibly curing HIV-1 infection; therefore results might have substantial impact on future HIV treatment strategies.
Some remarks on Trefftz type approximations

Abstract For the Trefftz method sequences of linearly independent functions satisfying the governing differential equations are needed. For two- and three-dimensional elasticity problems some useful options for obtaining Trefftz trial functions are discussed. The discussion also includes some very useful particular solutions. For three-dimensional elasticity problems four methods are considered: the displacement representation of Papkovich/Neuber, Piltner's complex representation, a hypercomplex displacement representation of Bock, Gurlebeck, Weisz-Patrault, Legatiuk, and H.M. Nguyen, as well as Slobodyanskii’s representation written in real and complex form. For two-dimensional problems the option of using discretized Cauchy integrals is illustrated. Very briefly Trefftz type Radial Basis Functions are mentioned satisfying a homogeneous or inhomogeneous differential equation. This paper is not meant as a complete survey or review on Trefftz methods. The paper presents a collection of personal choices to help future developers of numerical methods based on Trefftz trial functions.
Human rights at the “end of nature”

AbstractNature has been employed as a moral concept across the millennia. Human rights are beholden to nature as a normative standard, as they developed within a tradition of natural law and natura...
Riemann Surfaces and Algebraic Curves

If F(Z, W) is a polynomial in two variables, with complex coefficients, that is not simply a constant, its zero set $$ C{\text{ }} = \{ (z,w) \in {{\mathbb{C}}^{{\text{2}}}}:F\left( {z,w} \right){\text{ }} = 0\} $$ is called a “complex affine plane curve.” Identifying ℂ2 with ℝ4, C is defined by two real equations: the vanishing of the real and imaginary parts of F(z,w). We may therefore expect C to be a surface, and this expectation is generally true, except that, just as in the case of real curves, C may have singularities. We will use the construction of the preceding section to “remove” these singularities, and also add some points over them and “at infinity,” to get a compact Riemann surface. In fact, if F is not irreducible, the surface we get will be the disjoint union of the surfaces we get from the irreducible factors of F, so we assume for now that F is an irreducible polynomial, i.e., it has no nontrivial factors but constants. Write $$ F(Z,W) = {{a}_{0}}(Z){{W}^{n}} + {{a}_{1}}(Z){{W}^{{n - 1}}} + \ldots + {{a}_{{n - 1}}}(Z)W + {{a}_{n}}(Z), $$ with a i (Z) a polynomial in Z alone, and a0(Z)≠0. We may also assume that n is positive, for otherwise F = bZ + c, and C is isomorphic to ℂ, given by the projection to the second factor. We will need a little piece of algebra.
Reporting of Complications

Admitting and discussing medical or surgical errors with patients is a delicate and daunting task for the surgeon. The ramifications of admitting a mistake made by the surgeon are enormous, ranging from simple embarrassment to suffering through lengthy malpractice litigation. Due to these issues, open reporting of errors is not as well established in the medical profession as it is in other industries. Although hampered by the legal system, discussion of these errors is vitally important for patient safety and should be peer-reviewed and published. Only by analysis of the root cause will we be able to address common errors that harm our patients.
β Cell–intrinsic β-arrestin 1 signaling enhances sulfonylurea-induced insulin secretion

Beta-arrestin-1 and -2 (Barr1 and Barr2, respectively) are intracellular signaling molecules that regulate many important metabolic functions. We previously demonstrated that mice lacking Barr2 selectively in pancreatic beta-cells showed pronounced metabolic impairments. Here we investigated whether Barr1 plays a similar role in regulating beta-cell function and whole body glucose homeostasis. Initially, we inactivated the Barr1 gene in beta-cells of adult mice (beta-barr1-KO mice). Beta-barr1-KO mice did not display any obvious phenotypes in a series of in vivo and in vitro metabolic tests. However, glibenclamide and tolbutamide, two widely used antidiabetic drugs of the sulfonylurea (SU) family, showed greatly reduced efficacy in stimulating insulin secretion in the KO mice in vivo and in perifused KO islets in vitro. Additional in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that Barr1 enhanced SU-stimulated insulin secretion by promoting SU-mediated activation of Epac2. Pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that Barr1 can directly interact with Epac2 and that SUs such as glibenclamide promote Barr1/Epac2 complex formation, triggering enhanced Rap1 signaling and insulin secretion. These findings suggest that strategies aimed at promoting Barr1 signaling in beta-cells may prove useful for the development of efficacious antidiabetic drugs.
Silencers of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2: the pX-encoded latency-maintenance factors.

Of the members of the primate T cell lymphotropic virus (PTLV) family, only the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) causes disease in humans—as the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), and other auto-inflammatory disorders. Despite having significant genomic organizational and structural similarities, the closely related human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-2 (HTLV-2) is considered apathogenic and has been linked with benign lymphoproliferation and mild neurological symptoms in certain infected patients. The silencing of proviral gene expression and maintenance of latency are central for the establishment of persistent infections in vivo. The conserved pX sequences of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 encode several ancillary factors which have been shown to negatively regulate proviral gene expression, while simultaneously activating host cellular proliferative and pro-survival pathways. In particular, the ORF-II proteins, HTLV-1 p30II and HTLV-2 p28II, suppress Tax-dependent transactivation from the viral promoter—whereas p30II also inhibits PU.1-mediated inflammatory-signaling, differentially augments the expression of p53-regulated metabolic/pro-survival genes, and induces lymphoproliferation which could promote mitotic proviral replication. The ubiquitinated form of the HTLV-1 p13II protein localizes to nuclear speckles and interferes with recruitment of the p300 coactivator by the viral transactivator Tax. Further, the antisense-encoded HTLV-1 HBZ and HTLV-2 APH-2 proteins and mRNAs negatively regulate Tax-dependent proviral gene expression and activate inflammatory signaling associated with enhanced T-cell lymphoproliferation. This review will summarize our current understanding of the pX latency-maintenance factors of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 and discuss how these products may contribute to the differences in pathogenicity between the human PTLVs.
Analytic model of the remobilization of pinned glide dislocations: including dislocation drag from phonon wind

Abstract In this paper we discuss the effect of a non-constant dislocation drag coefficient on the very high strain rate regime within an analytic model describing mobile-immobile dislocation intersections applicable to fcc polycrystals. Based on previous work on dislocation drag, we estimate its temperature and pressure dependence and its effects on stress–strain rate relations. In the high temperature regime, we show that drag can remain the dominating effect even down to intermediate strain rates. We also discuss the consequences of having a limiting dislocation velocity, a feature which is typically predicted by analytic models of dislocation drag, but which is somewhat under debate because a number of MD simulations predict supersonic dislocations.
Application of stress management in gynecologic patients under chemotherapy for tumors

Objective To explore the effects of stress management in relieving adverse reactions after chemotherapy in gynecologic tumor patients. Methods A total of 110 gynecologic oncology patients who were hospitalized in Ningbo Women and Children Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were selected by convenience sampling. The patients were divided into control group (n=55) and experimental group (n=55) according to simple random grouping method. The control group was given routine nursing. On this basis, the experimental group received stress management nursing. The incidence of adverse reactions after chemotherapy was compared between the two groups; the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) , the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) were used to evaluate the psychological status of the two groups. Results After the implementation of stress management, the incidence of adverse reactions after chemotherapy in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . After the intervention in the experimental group, the SAS and SDS scores were lower than the control group with statistical significance (P<0.05) . The scores of functional scale and the quality of life in the experimental group were higher than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . The experimental group had lower score in "symptoms scale" and each test items than that of the control group with statistical significances (P<0.05) . Conclusions Stress management can reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in patients with gynecologic cancer chemotherapy, and adjust the psychological status of patients, thus improving the quality of life of patients. Key words: Pressure; Genital neoplasms, female; Quality of life; Adverse reactions; Psychological status
Systemic Therapy of Brain Metastases: Breast Cancer

The management of breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) represents an ongoing challenge in the treatment of breast cancer. To date, surgical resection and/or radiation therapy is the primary management option for BCBM, depending on patient factors, tumor subtype, tumor quantity, and location of lesions. Traditionally, systemic therapy has not been employed in the first-line management of BCBM; rather, it has been reserved as salvage therapy following local therapy or to jointly control extra-axial disease. Ongoing research suggests that systemic therapy may have a broader role in the first-line setting, as secondary prevention and as treatment of side effects from local therapy. With the improved understanding of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)/brain-tumor barrier (BTB), ongoing research has uncovered novel targets and drugs for the treatment of BCBM, including CDK 4/6 inhibitors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-directed therapy, cytotoxic therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs), poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, estrogen modulator therapy, and novel formulations of existing agents. Ultimately, further research and inclusion of patients with BCBM in clinical trials are needed in order to more effectively treat patients with BCBM and improve both quality of life and overall prognosis.
Lost in translation? theorizing public influence on policymaking via the 2018 net neutrality repeal

This article examines the role of the public in media policymaking through the lens of the 2018 U.S. net neutrality repeal. I begin by outlining a framework for conceptualizing public influence on ...
Environmental studies on the fate and effects of pharma proteins produced in transgenic maize

iii GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 References 5 CHAPTER 1. Persistence and degradation of maize-expressed vaccine protein, Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B (LTB), in soil and water Abstract 9 Introduction 10 Materials and Methods 13 Results and Discussion 22 Acknowledgements 34 References 34 Tables (1 – 3) 39 Figures (1 – 18) 42 CHAPTER 2. Sub-acute effects of maize-expressed vaccine protein, Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B (LTB), on the springtail, Folsomia candida, and the earthworm, Eisenia fetida Abstract 60 Introduction 61 Materials and Methods 63 Results and Discussion 70 Acknowledgement 75 References 75 Tables (1 – 2) 79 Figures (1 – 5) 80 GENERAL CONCLUSION 83 References 85
The Teachers Teaching Teachers GIS Institute: Assessing the Effectiveness of a GIS Professional Development Institute

The authors assessed eight years of a national professional development institute focused on providing geographic information systems (GIS) teaching and technical skills for educators, titled Teach...
Gamaliel Bailey and Antislavery Union

(1987). Gamaliel Bailey and Antislavery Union. American Journalism: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 210-211.
Increased susceptibility to light damage in an arrestin knockout mouse model of Oguchi disease (stationary night blindness)

PURPOSE. To determine whether constitutive signal flow arising from defective rhodopsin shut-off causes photoreceptor cell death in arrestin knockout mice. METHODS. The retinas of cyclic-light‐reared, pigmented arrestin knockout mice and wild-type littermate control mice were examined histologically for photoreceptor cell loss from 100 days to 1 year of age. In separate experiments, to determine whether constant light would accelerate the degeneration in arrestin knockout mice, these animals and wild-type control mice were exposed for 1, 2, or 3 weeks to fluorescent light at an intensity of 115 to 150 fc. The degree of photoreceptor cell loss was quantified histologically by obtaining a mean outer nuclear layer thickness for each animal. RESULTS. In arrestin knockout mice maintained in cyclic light, photoreceptor loss was evident at 100 days of age, and it became progressively more severe, with less than 50% of photoreceptors surviving at 1 year of age. The photoreceptor degeneration appeared to be caused by light, because when these mice were reared in the dark, the retinal structure was indistinguishable from normal. When exposed to constant light, the retinas of wild-type pigmented mice showed no light-induced damage, regardless of exposure duration. By contrast, the retinas of arrestin knockout mice showed rapid degeneration in constant light, with a loss of 30% of photoreceptors after 1 week of exposure and greater than 60% after 3 weeks of exposure. CONCLUSIONS. The results indicate that constitutive signal flow due to arrestin knockout leads to photoreceptor degeneration. Excessive light accelerates the cell death process in pigmented arrestin knockout mice. Human patients with naturally occurring mutations that lead to nonfunctional arrestin and rhodopsin kinase have Oguchi disease, a form of stationary night blindness. The present findings suggest that such patients may be at greater risk of the damaging effects of light than those with other forms of retinal degeneration, and they provide an impetus to restrict excessive light exposure as a protective measure in patients with constitutive signal flow in phototransduction. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999;40:2978 ‐2982)