cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study of disuse atrophy of skeletal muscle in the rabbit.

1. There is a fundamental difference in the reaction to immobilization of the tibialis anterior and the gastroenemius its the rabbit. 2. There is an increased blood flow in both atrophy and hypertrophy of skeletal muscle in this animal. 3. Atrophy and hypertrophy appear to represent a change in intracellular cotsstituents without change in the water content of the muscles studied. 4. Tension appears to protect against atrophy, in so far as the tibialis anterior is concerned in the rabbit. 5. Both atrophy and hypertrophy of skeletal muscle in the rabbit appear to represent a metabolic change.
Evaluation of Sample Preparation Techniques for the Analysis of PCBs in Oil

Dans le but d'ameliorer l'analyse des polychloro biphenyles dans les huiles industrielles on etudie deux methodes de chromatographie en phase gazeuse et cinq procedures de preparation des echantillons permettant l'elimination des composes creant des interferences
Solving the Problem of Tropical Diseases

I am writing this letter reading the article entitled “Devastating Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases” by Dr. Peter Hotez that appeared in the August 2009 issue of Microbe (p. 366). This topic was very interesting to me for two reasons; one is that I am a professional microbiologist that taught at the University of Louisville School of Medicine, and the other is that I was born in Taiwan, a place that used to have many tropical infectious diseases. In reading Dr. Hotez’s article I started comparing Taiwan, which is now a well-developed industrial nation, with those countries in Africa that are still mired in poverty and have many of these neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). I started thinking about what happened in Taiwan and what happened in those African countries. Taiwan was a colony of Japan before Word War II for about 40 years, and those African countries were colonies of European colonial empires for 200 years. What were the differences between these two systems of colonial rule?
Combining Computed Tomography-Based Bone Density Assessment with FRAX Screening in Men with Prostate Cancer

To investigate the addition of a computed tomography (CT)-based method of osteoporosis screening to FRAX without bone mineral density (BMD) fracture risk assessment in men undergoing radiotherapy for prostate cancer, we reviewed the records of all patients with localized prostate cancer treated with external beam radiotherapy at our institution between 2001 and 2012. The 10-yr probability of hip fracture was calculated using the FRAX algorithm without BMD. The CT attenuation of the L5 trabecular bone (L5CT) was assessed by contouring the trabecular bone on a single CT slice at the level of the midvertebral body and by averaging the Hounsfield units (HU) of all included voxels. L5CT values of 105 and 130 HU were used as screening thresholds. The clinical characteristics of additional patients identified by each L5CT screening threshold value were compared to patients whose estimated 10-yr risk of hip fracture was 3% or greater by FRAX without BMD. A total of 609 patients treated between 2001 and 2012 had CT scans available for review and complete clinical information allowing for FRAX without BMD risk calculation. Seventy-four (12.2%) patients had an estimated 10-yr risk of hip fracture of 3% or greater. An additional 22 (3.6%) and 71 (11.6%) patients were identified by CT screening when thresholds L5CT = 105 HU and L5CT = 130 HU were used, respectively. Compared to the group of patients identified by FRAX without BMD, the additional patients identified by CT screening at each L5CT threshold level tended to be younger and heavier, and were more likely to be African-American or treated without androgen deprivation therapy. These results suggest that the addition of CT-based screening to FRAX without BMD risk assessment identifies additional men with different underlying clinical characteristics who may be at risk for osteoporosis and may benefit from pharmacological therapy to increase BMD and reduce fracture risk.
Is Shared Decision Making for End-of-Life Decisions Associated With Better Outcomes as Compared to Other Forms of Decision Making? A Systematic Literature Review

Background: Whether shared decision making (SDM) has been evaluated for end-of-life (EOL) decisions as compared to other forms of decision making has not been studied. Purpose: To summarize the evidence on SDM being associated with better outcomes for EOL decision making, as compared to other forms of decision making. Data Sources: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases were searched through April 2014. Study Selection: Studies were selected that evaluated SDM, compared to any other decision making style, for an EOL decision. Data Extraction: Components of SDM tested, comparators to SDM, EOL decision being assessed, and outcomes measured. Data Synthesis: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria (three experimental and four observational studies). Results were analyzed using narrative synthesis. All three experimental studies compared SDM interventions to usual care. The four observational studies compared SDM to doctor-controlled decision making, or reported the correlation between level of SDM and outcomes. Components of SDM specified in each study differed widely, but the component most frequently included was presenting information on the risks/benefits of treatment choices (five of seven studies). The outcome most frequently measured was communication, although with different measurement tools. Other outcomes included decisional conflict, trust, satisfaction, and "quality of dying." Limitations: We could not analyze the strength of evidence for a given outcome due to heterogeneity in the outcomes reported and measurement tools. Conclusions: There is insufficient evidence supporting SDM being associated with improved outcomes for EOL decisions as opposed to other forms of decision making. Future studies should describe which components of SDM are being tested, outline the comparator decision making style, and use validated tools to measure outcomes.
WordPress for Libraries

Many libraries and library professionals are looking for a way to easily host and present information on the Web, including dynamic and static content that needs to be well organized, searchable, a...
Molecular studies informing the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions

Invasive cutaneous melanoma remains the deadliest among the common forms of skin cancer, and its incidence continues to rise steadily. There is therefore a critical need for continued refinement of the diagnostic algorithm to diagnose melanoma in order to improve our ability to distinguish bona fide melanoma from benign melanocytic proliferations. While the cornerstone of this distinction remains histopathologic assessment, emerging molecular techniques including comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) have provided additional resources to delineate genetic changes distinctive of melanoma and therefore, facilitate its diagnosis and inform its prognosis and treatment. In particular, CGH studies have shown that more than 95 % of melanomas harbor characteristic chromosomal copy number aberrations, whereas benign melanocytic nevi usually lack such changes. The development of a multicolor FISH assay leveraged this fundamental genomic disparity and has improved the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of melanoma—especially among morphologically challenging melanocytic proliferations, providing an additional diagnostically informative test that further refines the appraisal of melanocytic neoplasms in the context of challenging clinical, histologic, and/or immunohistochemical features. This chapter reviews the evolution of our understanding of the genomic changes typical of melanoma and melanocytic nevi beginning from the initial studies applying CGH to melanocytic tumors though the various iterations of the melanoma FISH assay and explores in detail how these assays are practically employed to inform our diagnosis of challenging melanocytic lesions.
Context, Perception, and Intergroup Relations

In the target article, Y. Jenny Xiao, Geraldine Coppin, and Jay J. Van Bavel make a compelling case for the effects of social groups on perception and intergroup relations and propose that social i...
The Economic Theory of Derivative Actions

This paper offers a model to formalize the economic theory of derivative actions developed during the last 30 years. From this perspective, the derivative action presents two interrelated problems. The first is how to solve the collective action problem that prevents that minority shareholders file a suit. The second is how to control the risk of collusive settlements between the defendant manager and the plaintiff’s attorney. This model identifies the fundamental tradeoffs that are implicit in these problems, as well as an optimum that could be used as normative benchmark. In brief, it argues that if the goal of derivative actions consists in increasing the shareholder’s wealth, then its policy purpose can be summarized as minimizing the sum of inefficient harms and insurance premia.
AhR activation increases IL-2 production by alloreactive CD4+ T cells initiating the differentiation of mucosal-homing Tim3+Lag3+ Tr1 cells

Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by immunosuppressive ligands promotes the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Although AhR-induced Foxp3+ Treg cells have been well studied, much less is known about the development and fate of AhR-induced Type 1 Treg (AhR-Tr1) cells. In the current study, we identified the unique transcriptional and functional changes in murine CD4+ T cells that accompany the differentiation of AhR-Tr1 cells during the CD4+ T-cell-dependent phase of an allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (allo-CTL) response. AhR activation increased the expression of genes involved in T-cell activation, immune regulation and chemotaxis, as well as a global downregulation of genes involved in cell cycling. Increased IL-2 production was responsible for the early AhR-Tr1 activation phenotype previously characterized as CD25+CTLA4+GITR+ on day 2. The AhR-Tr1 phenotype was further defined by the coexpression of the immunoregulatory receptors Lag3 and Tim3 and non-overlapping expression of CCR4 and CCR9. Consistent with the increased expression of CCR9, real-time imaging showed enhanced migration of AhR-Tr1 cells to the lamina propria of the small intestine and colon. The discovery of mucosal imprinting of AhR-Tr1 cells provides an additional mechanism by which therapeutic AhR ligands can control immunopathology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
THE VOICE OF THE PATRIARCH IN THE HEPTAMÉRON I: 10

In recent criticism devoted to L'Heptameron, the tenth nouvelle has been read as the drama of a female protagonist who confronts a basic interdiction imposed upon her by a patriarchal power structure. From this perspective, since the plot structures of this kind of narrative discourse are founded upon the satisfaction of male desire, they simply do not provide a forum in which the "voice" of female desire may be heard. Because the tenth nouvelle gives a coherent form to this problem, and represents a non-verbal and corporeal female language of desire in the character of Floride, it has been seen as an authentic piece of feminine writing. While it agrees with these basic premises, this article argues that restrictions of the right and of the ability to formulate desire in language affect all of the characters in the text who are not in positions of legitimacy and power, regardless of their gender. Thus the voice of the patriarch enforces a rule of sexuality as a rule of discourse in this imaginary society, compelling the male and female protagonists to "speak" the language of desire in the non-verbal medium of facial expressions.
Foods Served in Child Care Facilities Participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program: Menu Match and Agreement with the New Meal Patterns and Best Practices

Abstract Objective To assess the agreement of posted menus with foods served to 3- to 5-year-old children attending federal Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP)-enrolled facilities, and the degree to which the facilities met the new meal patterns and best practices. Design On-site observations and menu coding. Participants/Setting Nine early care and education centers. Main Outcome Measures Agreement of posted menus with foods served, and comparison of foods served and consumed with the new CACFP meal guidelines and best practices. Analysis Data were compiled for each meal (breakfast, lunch, and snacks). Frequencies and percentages of agreement with the posted menu (coded matches, substitutions, additions, and omissions) were calculated for each food component in the CACFP menu guidelines. Menu total match was created by summing the menu match plus acceptable substitutions. Menus were compared with the new CACFP meal guidelines and best practices. Results The match between the posted menus and foods actually served to children at breakfast, lunch, and snack was high when the acceptable menu substitutions were considered (approximately 94% to 100% total match). Comparing the menus with the new meal guidelines and best practices, the 1 guideline that was fully implemented was serving only unflavored, low-fat, or 1% milk; fruit and vegetable guidelines were partially met; fruit juice was not served often, nor were legumes; the guideline for 1 whole grain–rich serving/d was not met; and regular beef and full-fat cheese products were commonly served. Conclusions and Implications Early care and education centers enrolled in CACFP provided meals that met the current CACFP guidelines. Some menu improvements are needed for the centers to meet the new guidelines and best practices.
Withdrawn: Comment on [J. Math. Phys. 58, 101701 (2017)]

This comment is not in line with AIP Publishing’s policies as it did not address a scientific issue. As a result it has been withdrawn.
Retro-, Intro- and Perspectives of Trypto-Fun

“I have a feeling, Dale, that if we can find the meaning of a color reaction like that [the reaction of Adamkiewicz], it may open up a way to new knowledge of the structure of the old protein molecule itself”. Shortly after Hopkins had said these words to his student Henry Dale (1948), he identified glyoxylic acid as the contaminant needed to give the blue color with commercial acetic acid and strong sulfuric acid, known now as the Hopkins-Cole-Adamkiewicz reaction, with most proteins. In 1901, he isolated the chromogenic protein constituent and named it (−)-tryptophan (Hopkins and Cole, 1901), after R. Neumeister who in 1890 observed it in impure form on digestion of protein with trypsin.
Models for Assessing the Effects of Community Change on Land Use Patterns

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently developed a selective inventory and evaluation of 22 leading land use change models currently in use or under development. This chapter outlines the necessity for planning models and provides a synopsis of the computer-based land use change models that are contained in the EPA’s report. General and technical details of each model are presented and the capabilities of each model in relation to potential community questions and issues are compared.
Dubious Protected Class Distinctions: Eliminating the Role of Replacement Identity in a Discharged Title VII Plaintiff's Case

Title VII prohibits employers from discharging an employee on the basis of the individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. In cases involving an allegation of discriminatory discharge, the federal circuit courts of appeals have disagreed on whether to consider in the prima facie case the identity of the person the defendant employer has hired to replace the plaintiff. The majority of these courts have held that courts should not require the plaintiff to prove that a person outside of the plaintiff's protected class replaced the plaintiff in order to establish a prima facie case for employment discrimination. This Note argues that, because the underlying policy of Title VII is to protect individuals, not classes of individuals, from employment discrimination, consideration of replacement identity has no valid place in a discriminatory discharge case brought under Title VII.
Collagen and Cell Differentiation

Cell differentiation is one of the central problems of contemporary biology and medicine. How does the fertilized egg develop into an adult organism with a myriad of cell types? It is common knowledge that all cells in a multicellular organism possess the same genetic information, hence an identical genotype. What is the molecular basis of the progressive appearance of diverse phenotypes from cells with the same genotype? The alteration of gene expression during development is of cardinal importance in cell differentiation.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PROTEINS OF THE CHROMAFFIN GRANULE MEMBRANE

ABSTRACT The membrane of the catecholamine storage vesicles (chromaffin granules) of the bovine adrenal medulla contains a large variety of proteins whose function and location in the membrane are largely unknown. We have used electrophoresis in slabs of acrylamide gel (6 to 18% gel gradient) to separate these proteins dissolved in sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) solution. Over sixty individual peptides can be counted. Comparison of membrane fractions of different purity was used to identify proteins belonging to contaminating membranes. Centrifugation of membranes from purified granules on a sucrose gradient resolved ATPase-containing membrane from membrane lacking such activity, but the protein complement appeared identical. Labeling of intact granules with 125 I-diazobenzene sulfonate ( 125 I-DABS) and digestion with trypsin and proteinase K were used to identify proteins located on the exterior surface of the granules. Incubation of granule membranes with γ- 32 P labeled ATP produced phosphorylation of two peptides.
2100 TL1 team approach to social and genetic determinants of nocturnal blood pressure

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The TL1 Team approach aims to train translational investigators capable of tackling complex and multifaceted diseases, such as hypertension, by beginning multidisciplinary, team-based training early in their graduate programs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Leanne Dumeny is a graduate student in Genetics and Genomics studying how pharmacogenomics can be applied to improve clinical care and cardiovascular outcomes. Chu Hsiao is a graduate student in Anthropology studying how sociocultural experiences become biologically embodied. Both are in the Ph.D. phase of M.D.-Ph.D. training. Joining the seemingly disparate but complementary fields of anthropology and genomics facilitates understanding of the intersection between socially driven experiences and genetics on nocturnal blood pressure. Understanding both social determinants, such as racial discrimination, and biological determinants, such as genetics, is important because an interplay of gene-environment interactions influences many complex diseases. Rarely can 1 individual, or 1 discipline, tackle all the perspectives necessary to answer these types of complex questions. The TL1 Team curriculum teaches students to navigate the spectrum of translational research as a team, reflect on disciplinary limitations, and embrace collaborative research. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: This team project will investigate the relationship between racial discrimination and genetics using a large epidemiological cohort of African Americans in Mississippi. The data request application is currently under review. By the project’s end, the team anticipates their investigation will reveal novel associations between racial discrimination, genetic polymorphisms, and nocturnal blood pressure measurements. The investigators will have gained experience obtaining and analyzing large external data sets, working in diverse team settings, collaborating across state-lines, and publishing articles. Through this team approach, the students will also understand the barriers to working in multidisciplinary groups, and develop a foundation for approaching future collaborations. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: By joining anthropology with genomics, it becomes possible to understand the intersection between socially driven experiences of racial discrimination and genetics on nocturnal blood pressure. The successful training of this first cohort of team-applicants to the TL1 funding mechanism can impact how graduate education will be structured and could reframe graduate education to emphasize a team-based approach.
The impact of intraoperative fluid management during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy on donor and recipient outcomes.

BACKGROUND Intraoperative fluid management during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) may have a significant effect on donor and recipient outcomes. We sought to quantify variability in fluid management and investigate its impact on donor and recipient outcomes. METHODS A retrospective review of patients who underwent LDN from July 2011 to January 2016 with paired kidney recipients at a single center was performed. Patients were divided into tertiles of intraoperative fluid management (standard, high, and aggressive). Donor and recipient demographics, intraoperative data, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 413 paired kidney donors and recipients were identified. Intraoperative fluid management (mL/h) was highly variable with no correlation to donor weight (kg) (R = 0.017). The aggressive fluid management group had significantly lower recipient creatinine levels on postoperative day 1. However, no significant differences were noted in creatinine levels out to 6 months between groups. No significant differences were noted in recipient postoperative complications, graft loss, and death. There was a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the number of total donor complications in the aggressive fluid management group. CONCLUSIONS Aggressive fluid management during LDN does not improve recipient outcomes and may worsen donor outcomes compared to standard fluid management.
Background of Game Theory and Network Science

This chapter briefly presents the basics of game theory and network science which lay theoretical foundations of the book.
Similarities in Clinical and Psychosocial Characteristics of Functional Diarrhea and Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea.

Background & Aims There have been few published studies of clinical and psychological characteristics of patients with functional diarrhea (FDr). We studied the clinical and psychological characteristics of patients with FDr presenting to a tertiary care clinic, and compared symptom profiles of FDr with those of IBS-diarrhea (IBS-D). Methods Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of FDr (n = 48) or IBS-D (n = 49), per Rome IV criteria, completed a detailed symptom survey from October 2017 through July 2018. Abdominal pain and diarrhea severity were assessed using patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) questionnaires. Patients with anxiety, depression, or sleep disturbances were identified based on PROMIS T-score of 60 or more. Mean and proportions were compared using the Student t test and chi-square analyses, respectively. Results A significantly lower proportion of patients with FDr reported abdominal pain (77.1%) than patients with IBS-D (100%, P Conclusions In an analysis of about 100 patients with FDr or IBS-D, we found overlap in gastrointestinal and psychosomatic symptoms. These 2 entities appear to be a continuum.
Does the Gillet test assess sacroiliac motion or asymmetric one-legged stance strategies?

Objective The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent to which apparent movements of the posterior superior iliac spine and sacral base areas Gillet sacroiliac motion testing were related to (a) degree of hip flexion and (b) the examiner's palpatory pressure. Methods A preliminary exploratory study quantified relative PSIS/S2 displacements in 10 sacroiliac joints among 5 asymptomatic subjects at 10° increments of hip flexion from 0-90°. A comprehensive follow-up asymptomatic study quantified PSIS/S2 displacements at 0° vs. 30° vs. 90° hip flexion, and for light vs. firm pressure at 30° hip flexion. Displacements measured in pixels on digital photographs were transformed to mm. Mean differences for the various test conditions were evaluated for statistical significance using paired t-testing and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results With light pressure, the left PSIS moved caudal for hip flexion ≤30° during right-legged stance, whereas the right PSIS moved cephalad relative to the sacral base. For hip flexion =90°, both PSISs moved cephalad. The use of firm palpatory pressure abolished the initial caudal movement of the left PSIS, as well as differences in the amount of cephalad PSIS movement at 30° vs. 90° hip flexion. Conclusions The results are consistent with there being left-right differences in gluteus medius and biceps femoris activation among asymptomatic individuals that result in different balancing strategies during one-legged stance. This may create the appearance of relative PSIS/SB displacement, even though the results of Gillet testing can be wholly or partially explained by pelvic obliquity owing to muscle function asymmetry. This study questions the validity of the upright Gillet test for sacroiliac motion.
Evaluation of a class of NLFM radar signals

Signal design is an important component for good performance of radar systems. Here, the problem of determining a good radar signal with the objective of minimizing autocorrelation sidelobes is addressed, and the first comprehensive comparison of a range of signals proposed in the literature is conducted. The search is restricted to a set of nonlinear, frequency-modulated signals whose frequency function is monotonically nondecreasing and antisymmetric about the temporal midpoint. This set includes many signals designed for smaller sidelobes including our proposed odd polynomial frequency signal (OPFS) model and antisymmetric time exponentiated frequency modulated (ATEFM) signal model. The signal design is optimized based on autocorrelation sidelobe levels with constraints on the autocorrelation mainlobe width and leakage of energy outside the allowed bandwidth, and we compare our optimized design with the best signal found from parameterized signal model classes in the literature. The quality of the overall best such signal is assessed through comparison to performance of a large number of randomly generated signals from within the search space. From this analysis, it is found that the OPFS model proposed in this paper outperforms all other contenders for most combinations of the objective functions and is expected to be better than nearly all signals within the entire search set.
The role of gender, race, and ethnicity in environmental identity development in undergraduate student narratives

Recent work in environmental psychology and education emphasizes environmental identity as important in predicting a broad array of environmental behaviors. However, there are gaps in understanding...
TREND OF USE OF CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE (CMR) IN US, USING NATIONAL INPATIENT SAMPLE DATABASE

Cardiac Magnetic resonance (CMR) is a very valuable non-invasive tool in diagnosis and prognosis of many cardiac diseases and is now the gold standard test to identify the myocardial function, scar and volume. We aimed to look at the trend of use of CMR in National Inpatient Sample(NIS). We queried
Local health departments and the implementation of evidence-based policies to address opioid overdose mortality.

In the context of the opioid overdose crisis, local health departments are on the front lines, coordinating programs and services and translating state and federal policies into community action. W...
Alpha-agonists in Pediatric Procedural Sedation

Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a central alpha-2-agonist, is being increasingly used in outpatient procedural sedation. Recent concerns about the time-honored hypnotic chloral hydrate’s carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, and more importantly lack of availability in the US market have led to DEX as a viable alternative to chloral hydrate in procedural sedation both as an intravenous (IV) medication and an intranasal medication.
Birth Tourism Is Associated with Fewer Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admissions: A Healthy Migrant Effect?

OBJECTIVE This work aimed to study perinatal, maternal, and neonatal characteristics of birth tourism (BT) mother-baby dyads and the rate of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions of BT infants. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study at a regional perinatal center comparing BT mother-baby dyads to all dyads. BT infants admitted to the NICU were compared with a randomly selected group of infants admitted to the NICU during the same time period. RESULTS A total of 1,755 BT dyads were identified over 4 years. BT mothers were older (32 vs. 28 years, p < 0.0001), more likely to carry multiples (5.5 vs. 1.4%, p < 0.0001), deliver via cesarean section (40 vs. 34%, p < 0.0001), and require postpartum intensive care (0.6 vs. 0.1%, p < 0.0001). BT infants had significantly fewer NICU admissions 96 (5.5%) versus 3,213 (11.3%; p < 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences in NICU course and outcome between BT and non-BT control infants. CONCLUSION Birth tourism is associated with unique determinants of health. In our study, there were fewer NICU admissions, potentially explained by the healthy migrant effect. KEY POINTS · Birthright citizenship attracts foreigners to give birth in the United States.. · BT is associated with unique social determinants of health.. · Fewer NICU admissions in our study are possibly explained by the healthy migrant effect..
Influence of stand age, soil attributes, and cover type on Rubus (Rosaceae) seed bank abundance

We assessed Rubus seed bank abundance and variability in 39 stands located throughout northern Pennsylvania as part of a replicated chronosequence of age classes. Seed abundance declined precipitously after stand age 60 in the Allegheny hardwoods or after stand age 50 in the northern hardwood and oak forests. Variability among sites increased with stand age, resulting in less predictability of Rubus seed abundance. Rubus seed banks were more than twice as abundant in Allegheny and northern hardwoods as in mixed oaks. Rubus seed bank abundance decreased as percent clay in the soil increased. Given that Rubus seed bank abundance declines with age and seed abundance becomes more variable, we suggest that there will be less Rubus immediately following the standreplacing disturbances in older stands, potentially changing plant competition dynamics and wildlife food sources.
Behavioral Avoidance Tasks for Eliciting Disgust and Anxiety in Contamination Fear: An Examination of a Test for a Combined Disgust and Fear Reaction

While research supports the role of disgust in contamination OCD, there is also an overlap with fear in motivating avoidance. The "heebie-jeebies" is an emotional response associated with fear and disgust that motivates avoidance of contact with skin-transmitted pathogens (e.g., parasites). This motivation aligns with characteristics of contamination OCD. From a screening of undergraduate students (N = 188), contamination fearful (n = 14), high trait-anxious (n = 14), and low trait-anxious (n = 18) groups were created. Participants engaged in disgust, fear, and "heebie-jeebies" behavioral avoidance tasks. Participants rated "heebie-jeebies" emotion, physical sensations, and behavioral urges. Duration or refusal of task was recorded. A significant interaction effect was found for disgust and anxiety. Participants with higher disgust reported higher "heebie-jeebies" emotion at high, but not low, levels of anxiety. Exploratory analyses revealed that many contamination fearful and high trait-anxious participants refused to complete the task. The interaction of disgust and anxiety significantly predicted the probability of refusal. Participants with higher disgust and anxiety were more likely to refuse to complete the task. Results suggest that the "heebie-jeebies" motivates avoidance of skin-transmitted pathogens. Future research is warranted to further investigate the "heebie-jeebies" and how it relates to contamination concerns.
Demographically-corrected normative data for the HVLT-R, BVMT-R, and Aggregated Learning Ratio values in a sample of older adults.

Background: The Learning Ratio (LR) is a novel learning slope score that has been developed to reduce the inherent competition between the first trial and subsequent trials in traditional learning ...
Laboratory Rig for CO2-Absorption and Desorption at USN

A CO2 absorption and desorption rig has been in operation at the University of South-Eastern Norway for 10 years. The rig consists of a packed absorption column, heat exchangers, pumps and a packed desorption column with reboiler and condenser. Measurements of CO2 removal efficiency and heat consumption at varied gas flow, liquid flow, temperature and CO2 concentration have been performed in several earlier projects. In this work, new results from 2018 are presented, and the results are compared with earlier experiments. New experiments with varying gas flow, liquid flow, temperature and CO2 concentration were performed. In this work, results where the CO2 concentration in the inlet gas has been varied between 2.5 and 15 vol-% are emphasized. New data confirms that the CO2 rig at USN is able to operate under stable conditions to give reasonable results for CO2 removal efficiency as a function of gas flow, liquid flow, temperature and CO2-concentration.
Efficient Inversion in Underwater Acoustics with Analytic, Iterative and Sequential Bayesian Methods

Abstract : The long term goal of this project is to develop efficient inversion algorithms for successful geoacoustic parameter estimation, inversion for sound-speed in the water-column, and source localization, exploiting (fully or partially) the physics of the propagation medium. Algorithms are designed for inversion via the extraction of features of the acoustic field and optimization. The potential of analytic approaches is also investigated.
A Dispositional Account of Conflicts of Obligation

I address a question in moral metaphysics: How are conflicts between moral obligations possible? I begin by explaining why we cannot give a satisfactory answer to this question simply by positing that such conflicts are conflicts between rules, principles, or reasons. I then develop and defend the “Dispositional Account,” which posits that conflicts between moral obligations are conflicts between the manifestations of obligating dispositions (obligating powers, capacities, etc.), just as conflicts between physical forces are conflicts between the manifestations of (certain) causal dispositions (causal powers, capacities, etc.). This account combines the so-called “moral forces” interpretation of prima facie obligations with a dispositional moral metaphysic according to which the metaphysical grounds of moral obligations are not rules or laws, but rather real, irreducibly dispositional properties (or powers) of moral agents and patients. My principal aims are to offer a theoretically attractive and suitably metaphysical account of conflicts of obligation, and to show that the dispositional moral metaphysic that grounds the Dispositional Account can explain and accommodate plausible normative views that ruleand lawbased alternatives cannot, as well as to answer objections that have been pressed against other accounts of moral conflict (especially Ross’s) that appeal to moral dispositions or
A Newfoundland Printer on the Tramp

LONG BEFORE THE INDUSTRIAL revolution in England, skilled artisans left their homes at intervals, travelling from town to town and taking work if it was available or simply receiving a tramp allowance ? supper, lodging, and perhaps some beer ? from their brethren in the same trade. According to E.J. Hobsbawm, the custom developed as a method of unemployment relief and may have originated among woollen workers in the West Country of England.1 Tramping did not grow out of the exigencies of industrial capitalism, but rather was based on ancient artisanal custom. It may have reflected a wide-spread belief that "no man knows his ability or what he is worth until he has worked in more towns than one." After the industrial revolution, periodic but massive unemployment overburdened this older artisan way of coping with localized gluts on the labour market. Larger labour markets, increasing specialization within crafts, and the rise of urban transport facilities led more unemployed artisans to seek jobs within range of their homes and families. "The tram replaced the tramp," Hobsbawm observed. But not entirely. In the later stages of tramping, artisans used the old custom as a way to make their own "grand tours" during an era when the wealthier classes popularized such travel. This seems to have been the case for Timothy J. Ryan, a young printer from St. John's, Newfoundland, who embarked upon a sojourn across Canada and parts of the United States in spring 1913. The young Ryan had been boarding at 11 William Street, St. John's, in a house probably owned by his parents or possibly a relative.2
Automatic generation of models for circuit simulation

A general-purpose algorithm capable of generating analog and digital macromodels with only minimal reliance on the knowledge of specific properties of the circuit in question is presented. The word macromodel refers to an electrical network containing fewer devices and/or fewer modes than the circuit it represents. The proposed algorithm compares a circuit and its macromodel under dynamic conditions. However, no prior assumptions are made about the waveform involved. As a consequence, the macromodels thus generated can be used for general purpose circuit simulation, where accurate modeling under widely varying conditions is required. >
An Outbreak of Hepatitis C Virus Infections among Outpatients at a Hematology/Oncology Clinic

Failure to use careful aseptic technique can cause transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The authors investigated an outbreak of HCV infection involving 99 patients of a hematology/oncology clin...
Linear models and capacity bounds for continuous phase modulation

We derive upper bounds on the capacity of an additive Gaussian noise channel with continuous phase modulation (CPM). We propose an MMSE approximation to Laurent's (1986) linear decomposition using an arbitrary number of filtered, linearly modulated pulses. Using this linear modulation structure, we derive capacity bounds for both white and colored noise channels with CPM modulation by showing the system is equivalent to a multiple access channel (MAC) with intersymbol interference (ISI). The rate sum capacity of this cooperative MAC is used for the upper bound. Numerical results are presented for a channel using CPM with both white and colored noise. The bounds show a significant gap between a channel using CPM and a channel with unconstrained modulation.
EXTENSION OF THE LIMITS OF THE XDH STRUCTURAL ELEMENT IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Experiments expanding the array of mutants affecting the xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) structural element in Drosophila melanogaster are described. These include rosy eye color mutants which exhibit interallelic complementation, and mutants with normal eye color but lowered levels of XDH. Evidence is presented which argues that these are structural alterations in the enzyme. Recombination experiments were performed using these mutants as well as some electrophoretic variants. The two ends of the rosy locus are marked with mutant sites which are clearly structural in nature; the XDH structural element and the rosy null mutant map are completely concordant. A possible procedure to recover control element mutants is described.
Transfer of control of avoidance behavior in normal and telencephalon ablated goldfish (Carassius auratus).

Abstract Three groups of goldfish (2 normal and 1 telencephalon ablated) were trained to avoid electric shock by crossing a barrier in a twoway shuttle box whenever a tone sounded. Then, while isolated in a distinct compartment, one normal and the ablated group received discriminative classical defense conditioning with two visual cues (CS+, CS−), while the other normal group received pseudoconditioning. Lastly, in the shuttle box, all fish had unreinforced test presentations of the visual CSs intermixed with avoidance retraining trials to the tone. The classical conditioned normal and ablated groups did not differ and both showed immediate, discriminative transfer of control of avoidance responding to the CS+ as they did to the tone, while for the pseudoconditioned normal fish the CSs did not control avoidance behavior. These results suggest that the telencephalon does not play a significant role in the integration and utilization of conditioned fear reactions with previously learned avoidance responses to generate appropriate behavior.
Malignancy associated with the use of intestinal segments in the urinary tract

Use of intestinal segments for urinary tract reconstruction has become widespread. In these patients, urologists are increasingly encountering malignancies that may be a direct result of this altered milieu. This review attempts to summarize the current literature on cancer in patients with intestinal segments in their urinary tracts. Although the exact etiology for this increased risk of malignancy is still unclear, several theories have been proposed. Many investigators now recommend annual screening in patients who have intestinal segments in contact with urine beginning 10 years after the initial surgery.
Computerized legal status processing and retrieval system

Abstract The article describes the setting up of a computerized legal status data processing and retrieval system in SPA ‘POISK’ of the State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries of the U.S.S.R. After studies of various indexing tables for amendments of legal status in various countries, it was found to be impossible to develop a unified indexing table except for CMEA-member countries. Different coding tables are used, as described, for other countries.
Maximum-likelihood psychometric procedures in two-alternative forced-choice: Evaluation and recommendations

Several new adaptive psychometric procedures have been proposed that use maximum-likelihood methods to estimate points on a subject’s psychophysical function. These developments are summarized, and some psychometric situations that pose special problems for the new approaches are examined. The problem areas include the effects of threshold changes during the testing session, the impact of errors made by the subject, and differences between yes-no and two-alternative forced-choice situations. Data are presented from both human subjects and computer simulations. Strengths and weaknesses of the new procedures are identified and recommendations are made for their use.
NEAR-FIELD TRANSIENT WAVES IN ANISOTROPIC ELASTIC PLATES FOR TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS*

The formal solutions to a class of non-axisymmetric problems involving a transversely isotropic elastic plate are derived. The CagniarddeHoop method of inversion is used to obtain explicit solutions on the epicentral axis for certain materials, when a point shear load, with a "ramp" time-dependence, is applied to one face of the plate. Also treated is a problem involving plane-strain type motions, namely, the impulsive application of a normal line load to one face of an anisotropic plate, inversion for certain materials again being carried out on the epicentral axis. In both cases a numerical analysis of the solutions is presented.
Syntheses of oxidized metabolites implicated as active forms of the highly potent carcinogenic hydrocarbon dibenzo[def,p]chrysene

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important class of environmental carcinogens, and dibenzo[ def , p ]chrysene is the most potent carcinogenic PAH currently known. Syntheses of various oxidized metabolites of dibenzo[ def , p ]chrysene implicated as the biologically active forms that interact directly or indirectly with DNA to induce mutations that lead to tumor induction are reported. These include the 8,9- and 11,12-dihydrodiols ( 2 and 3 ), the 8,9,11,12- bis -dihydrodiol ( 5 ), and the fjord region anti -diol epoxide derivative of 3 (4) .
Polypeptide chain folding in the hydrophobic core of hamster scrapie prion: analysis by X-ray diffraction.

Abstract Conversion of the noninfectious, cellular form of the scrapie prion (PrP C ) to the infectious form (PrP Sc ) is thought to be driven by an α-helical to β-sheet conformational transition. The N-truncated polypeptide PrP27–30, which encompasses residues 90–231 of PrP Sc and from which the truncated peptide is derived by limited proteolysis, assembles into amyloid rods that are rich in the β-sheet conformation. The N-terminal half of PrP27–30, which includes residues 90–145 of PrP (SHa90–145) and contains the two putative α-helical domains H1 (PrP109–122) and H2 (PrP129–141), appears to be particularly crucial in the α → β conversion. To assess their role in this conformational transition, we have analyzed in detail X-ray diffraction patterns from the prion-related peptides A8A (PrP113–120), H1, and SHa90–145. We used iterative Fourier synthesis with β-silk as an initial model for assigning phases. For H1, the lyophilized and acetonitrile-solubilized/dehydrated specimens gave two different electron density maps. The former showed that the β-sheets were composed of small side chains as in A8A. The latter showed two types of β-sheets having smaller and larger side chains, suggesting a turn. Such a turn was not observed in the lyophilized H1, indicating that the internal turn in H1 depends on the physical–chemical environment. In SHa90–145, the β-chains are assembled in ≈40 A-wide crystal domains (termed β-crystallites), and the electron density maps of these crystallites showed evidence for turns within both the H1 and H2 domains. The molecular folding of H1–H2 is compared here with the recent NMR solution structure of recombinant hamster prion, and the effect of pH on the conformational change is discussed. The most compact structure based on the X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the N-terminal, smaller residues of H2 fold back and are hydrogen-bonded with the C-terminal, smaller residues of H1. Similar folding is observed in the NMR solution structure. Comparison of the NMR structures at different pH with the X-ray diffraction results suggests that histidine and lysine residues in the N-terminal sequence of PrP may figure in the α → β structure transition of PrP.
Revisões da masculinidade sob ditadura: Gabeira, Caio e Noll

Este artigo analisa operacoes sobre a masculinidade realizadas por textos de Fernando Gabeira, Caio Fernando Abreu e Joao Gilberto Noll da passagem da decada de 1970 para a de 1980. No Brasil a abertura politica coincidiu com a consolidacao do movimento gay, a lei do divorcio, o comeco da entrada massiva das mulheres de classe media a forca de trabalho remunerada, maior visibilidade das travestis e, no geral, a decadencia de um modelo de homem promovido pelo regime militar. O ensaio discute as formas em que Gabeira, Caio e Noll rememoram, antecipam, alegorizam, atravessam e/ou ignoram esse contexto, e assim se situam de diversas maneiras na revisao da masculinidade que se produzia naquela virada de decada. Gabeira escreve uma hiperbole sobre o seu proprio papel que termina se autorrealizando; Caio chega ali ao apice de uma metodica desmontagem da fronteira entre homo- e heteroafetividade; Noll inaugura o que seria um trabalho de tres decadas e meia de reflexao sobre a decomposicao da masculinidade, atraves da representacao de uma de suas cenas constitutivas, o sumico do pai.