cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Engineering professionalism and the imperative of sustainable development

This paper articulates preliminary foundations for a philosophy of engineering ethics grounded in the two principles of professionalism and sustainable development. These two grand themes, moreover, answer to the demands of the ABET 2000 criteria and the fulfilment of such proclamations as the American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE) Statement on sustainable Development Education and the World Engineering Partnership for Sustainable Development (WEPSD) Vision Statement.
Frequency and patterns of MRI abnormalities due to status epilepticus

Abstract Background MRI changes due to status epilepticus (SE) often suggest a combination of cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, but it is unclear why only certain patients have MRI changes. Objectives To determine the frequency of MRI changes due to SE and the associated patient characteristics. Methods We reviewed records for demographics, medical history, and MRI changes attributable to seizures of all patients admitted to Brigham and Women's Hospital or Massachusetts General Hospital for SE from 1/1999 to 7/2003 and who had MRI during admission. Results Ten (11.6%) of the eighty-six patients identified had MRI abnormalities likely due to seizures. Four, two with pre-existing epilepsy and two with extratemporal structural lesions, had focally increased signal on T2 and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the hippocampus ipsilateral to the seizure focus. One, with elevated levels of clozapine, had increased signal on T2 weighted images and variably restricted diffusion in the splenium. Five had gyral distribution of restricted diffusion and increased signal on T2 weighted images; they had complex medical comorbidities and possible hypoperfusion or hypoxia associated with SE. Conclusions Among patients with SE who had MRI changes, those with previous epilepsy or extratemporal structural lesions showed increased diffusion in the hippocampus and may have selective hippocampal vulnerability to seizure-induced hyperexcitability. Patients with hyperintense signal in the cortical gray matter had episodes of possible hypoperfusion or hypoxia.
Stage-specific transforming genes of human and mouse B- and T-lymphocyte neoplasms

DNAs of 20 B- and T-lymphocyte neoplasms of human and mouse origin induced transformation of NIH/3T3 cells with high efficiencies, indicating that these neoplasms contained activated transforming genes that were detectable by transfection. Analysis of the susceptibility of the transforming activities of lymphocyte-neoplasm DNAs to digestion with restriction endonucleases indicated that the same or closely related transforming genes were activated in independent neoplasms representative of the same stage of normal cell differentiation. However, different transforming genes were activated in neoplasms representative of different stages of normal B- and T-lymphocyte differentiation. These results indicate that specific transforming genes are activated in neoplasms of discrete stages of differentiation within these cell lineages.
Reliable Ab Initio Quantum Chemical Calculations for Energetic Species

Spin and symmetry restrictions will be outlined for reactive collisions and for molecular decompositions. The various types of quantum chemical computational procedures from ab initio through less rigorous methods will be described and the merits or deficiencies of each will be discussed for both isolated molecules and intermolecular interactions. Our recently developed optimal ab-initio computational techniques for large molecules contain several desirable options: the use of ab initio effective core model potentials (MODPOT) which allow calculation of the valence electrons only explicitly, yet accurately; a charge conserving integral prescreening evaluation (which we have named VRDDO-variable retention of diatomic differential overlap), especially effective for spatially extended molecules; a MERGE technique which allows efficient reuse of integrals from common skeletal fragments; a new SCF strategy which passed through contributions to Fock matrix elements from invariant skeletal integrals and makes up only the new ones until the last few iterations; in CI calculations for those occupied molecular orbitals from which no excitations are allowed, folding these into an effective CI Hamiltonian.
Module compilation for analog and mixed analog digital circuits

A module compiler is presented for analog and mixed analog-digital circuits. The approach includes a new framework to incorporate complex design rules, technologies, and constraints, as well as a high-level description of the modules, and optimization of layout and parasitics. The modules are represented symbolically and are built up hierarchically from (sub)modules and geometrical objects. The allowed constraints and rules include conditionals, functional dependencies between degrees of freedom in both the horizontal and vertical directions, and parametrization. The cost function for the optimization can be explicitly described; combined with built-in functions this allows a rich set of analog constraints and minimization of complex functions of area and lengths. >
Improved Video Decoding Through Synchronization Code Detection

Many video codecs rely on a periodically embedded codes to maintain synchronization. In order to increase system robustness, we propose a detection algorithm to determine synchronization code location. The associated metric relies on knowledge of the distribution of the locations of codes within the compressed data. These distributions are modeled as functions of sequence type and compression rate, and communicated to the decoder with insignificant increase in overhead. Results for the H.264 coder show a performance increase of over 3 dB for selected scenarios.
Synthesis and characterization of 3-ketohexadecanoic acid-1-14C, dl-3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid-1-14C, and trans-2-hexadecenoic acid-1-14C

The chemical synthesis and characterization of three intermediates in the Beta oxidation of palmitic acid-1-(14)C by rat liver mitochondria, namely, 3-ketohexadecanoic acid-1-(14)C, DL-3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid-1-(14)C, and trans-2-hexadecenoic acid-1-(14)C, are described.
Pedophiles and the Regulation of Hugging

Recent revelations of sexual abuse involving a retired Penn State football coach and numerous members of the clergy have led numerous youth-services organizations to adopt strict guidelines concerning innocuous physical contact between adults and children, including prohibition of hugging. This paper argues that these guidelines are worrisome because physiological research indicates that such contact is important to healthy childhood development. These guidelines could be especially harmful to children who already experience economic and family hardships, and thus are less likely to receive nurturing physical contact at home.
Game Resources, Social Interaction, and the Ecological Footprint in Southwest New Mexico

Humans have modified their environments for millennia, but the role of these impacts on economic and social strategies among communities can be difficult to assess. This is due in part to the difficulty of quantifying impacts, which hinders our evaluations of the effects of different resource acquisition strategies and impairs attempts to understand competing demands on resources and their effects on the evolution of social relations. In this paper we employ footprint analysis, a tool used in ecology, to assess the impact of prehistoric subsistence farming communities on the environment, specifically faunal resources. We use footprint analysis to quantify the impact of various strategies of game acquisition by Classic Mimbres period (AD 1000-1130) farmers in the North American Southwest. Assessments are then employed in identifying changes in social relations among communities that may have contributed to settlement changes in the region.
Hypothetical Protein BB0569 Is Essential for Chemotaxis of the Lyme Disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.

ABSTRACT The Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi has five putative methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs). In this report, we provide evidence that a hypothetical protein, BB0569, is essential for the chemotaxis of B. burgdorferi. While BB0569 lacks significant homology to the canonical MCPs, it contains a conserved domain (spanning residues 110 to 170) that is often evident in membrane-bound MCPs such as Tar and Tsr of Escherichia coli. Unlike Tar and Tsr, BB0569 lacks transmembrane regions and recognizable HAMP and methylation domains and is similar to TlpC, a cytoplasmic chemoreceptor of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. An isogenic mutant of BB0569 constantly runs in one direction and fails to respond to attractants, indicating that BB0569 is essential for chemotaxis. Immunofluorescence, green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion, and cryo-electron tomography analyses demonstrate that BB0569 localizes at the cell poles and is required for chemoreceptor clustering at the cell poles. Protein cross-linking studies reveal that BB0569 forms large protein complexes with MCP3, indicative of its interactions with other MCPs. Interestingly, analysis of B. burgdorferi mcp mutants shows that inactivation of either mcp 2 or mcp 3 reduces the level of BB0569 substantially and that such a reduction is caused by protein turnover. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the domain composition and function of BB0569 are similar in some respects to those of TlpC but that these proteins are different in their cellular locations, further highlighting that the chemotaxis of B. burgdorferi is unique and different from the Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica paradigm. IMPORTANCE Spirochete chemotaxis differs substantially from the Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica paradigm, and the basis for controlling the rotation of the bundles of periplasmic flagella at each end of the cell is unknown. In recent years, Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has been used as a model organism to understand spirochete chemotaxis and its role in infectious processes of the disease. In this report, BB0569, a hypothetical protein of B. burgdorferi, has been investigated by using an approach of genetic, biochemistry, and cryo-electron tomography analyses. The results indicate that BB0569 has a distinct role in chemotaxis that may be unique to spirochetes and represents a novel paradigm.
Lessons from Hart: A Reply to Waluchow

Resumen: En este breve ensayo, intento responder a la critica de Wilfrid Waluchow sobre mi teoria positivista de la obligacion juridica, critica que aparece en su colaboracion de este numero, Lessons from Hart. Waluchow sostie- ne, con perspicacia y elegancia, que mi teoria fracasa al no distinguir en- tre el punto de vista interno y externo, y que ofrece una explicacion de la obligacion juridica desde el punto de vista externo. Intento refutar esta interesante critica al argumentar que la distincion entre el punto de vista interno y externo fue hecho dentro del analisis de Hart de los conceptos centrales del derecho y que yo intento proporcionar una explicacion des- de el mismo punto de vista que toma Hart cuando analiza conceptos ju- ridicos, el de la metodologia tradicional del analisis conceptual. Abstract: In this brief essay, I attempt to reply to Wilfrid Waluchow’s critique of my positivist theory of legal obligation, which appear in his contribution to this volume, Lessons from Hart. Waluchow argues, with insight and elegance, that my theory fails to distinguish between the internal and external point of view, and gives an account of legal obligation from the external point of view. I attempt to rebut this interesting criticism by arguing that the distinc- tion between the internal and external point of view was made inside Hart’s analysis of the concepts central to law, and that I am attempting to give an account from the same point of view that Hart takes when he ana- lyzes legal concepts —that of the methodology of traditional conceptual analysis.
Estimating the Service Life of the Equipment in a Fuel Storage Facility Based on Flexible Tanks

Parameters are proposed for estimating longevity of fuel storage facilities by limited tests and operation based on determination of percentage range of operating life. An algorithm is developed to determine the original and extended service life of a fuel storage facility, including durability and strength studies made of its constituent parts with allowance of the time of safe operation.
Religious Identity and its Role in Individual Workplace Experiences

Until recently, research on religious identity has faced many critical barriers in its development by organizational theorists, including its treatment as a categorical or demographic variable that...
[Epidemiological characteristics of hospital reported road traffic injuries case in Tianjin, 2013].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the distribution of reported road traffic injuries case in Tianjin from January to December 2013. METHODS: The injury data was collected from the disease surveillance system which covered all the areas in Tianjin. All the reported injury cases were at their first medical care seeking in sentinel hospitals from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2013. RESULTS: A total of 26 405 injury cases were reported, including 103 deaths (0.4%) , during this period with the incidence of 263.01/100 000. The male to female ratio of the cases was 1.68 : 1 and average age of the cases was (40.24±17.58) years. The injuries caused by motor vehicle traffic accident accounted for 74.0% (19 547 cases) and the non-motor vehicle traffic accident caused cases accounted for 26.0% (6 858). The first four areas with higher incidence were Binhai (684.86/100 000) , Dongli (634.03/100 000) , Xiqing (519.83/100 000) and Jinnan (504.12/100 000) districts. The three districts with lower incidence were Heping (44.69/100 000) , Nankai (52.36/100 000) and Hedong (64.34/100 000) districts. The mild, moderate and serious cases accounted for 59.7% (15 771 cases) , 33.1% (8 747 cases) and 6.8% (1 783 cases) respectively. The differences in incidence among different districts and age groups were statistical significant (PCONCLUSION: The case number and severity of road traffic accident caused injury varied with area and age group in Tianjin. It is necessary to develop targeted prevention and control measures to reduce the incidence of road traffic accident related injuries. Language: zh
Electrophoresis in Nanochannels

Micro- and nanofabrication technology enables the application of electrokinetics as a method of performing chemical analyses and achieving liquid pumping in electronically-controlled microchip systems with no moving parts. We are studying and leveraging the unique separation modalities offered by nanoscale electrokinetic channels. We report analytical, numerical, and experimental investigations of nanochannel electrophoretic transport and separation dynamics of neutral and charged analytes. Our study includes continuum-theory-based analytical and numerical studies of nanofluidic electrophoretic separation dynamics, as well as experimental validation of these models. We have used 40, 100, and 1,560 nm deep channels etched in fused silica to independently measure mobility and valence of small ions. We also use these devices to separate 10 to 100 base pair DNA in the absence of a gel separation matrix. The effective free-solution mobilities of the ds-DNA oligonucleotides measured in 1560 nm deep channel are consistent with reported literature values, while smaller values of the mobility were measured for 4o nm deep channels for the same charge-species. The goal of our work is to explore and exploit electrokinetic flow regimes with extreme scales of length and charge density.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
GLMP- realtime pedestrian path prediction using global and local movement patterns

We present a novel real-time algorithm to predict the path of pedestrians in cluttered environments. Our approach makes no assumption about pedestrian motion or crowd density, and is useful for short-term as well as long-term prediction. We interactively learn the characteristics of pedestrian motion and movement patterns from 2D trajectories using Bayesian inference. These include local movement patterns corresponding to the current and preferred velocities and global characteristics such as entry points and movement features. Our approach involves no precomputation and we demonstrate the real-time performance of our prediction algorithm on sparse and noisy trajectory data extracted from dense indoor and outdoor crowd videos. The combination of local and global movement patterns can improve the accuracy of long-term prediction by 12–18% over prior methods in high-density videos.
Modeling and Characterization of MIMO Mobile-to-Mobile Communication Channels Using Elliptical Scattering Geometry

In this paper, we develop a two-dimensional (2-D) elliptical geometrical scattering model for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) mobile-to-mobile (M2M) communication channels. The elliptical geometry is supposed to be an appropriate approach to model streets and canyons in M2M communication environment. We assume that both mobile stations (MSs) are located at the centers of ellipses and are surrounded by uniformly distributed scatterers present on the elliptical loci. The equal spacing between two consecutive scatterers on the elliptical loci forces the angle-of-arrival (AoA) or angle-of-departure (AoD) distribution at either of the MSs to be non-isotropic. We provide an empirical model for such a non-isotropic AoA and compare its results with the numerical curves of the elliptical geometry which results in excellent agreement. Utilizing the non-isotropic AoA and the proposed geometrical model, we derive closed-form expressions for the marginal and joint correlation function of the channel coefficients. We provide various plots to analyze the correlation among the diffused components of M2M MIMO communication link. Furthermore, a comparison of the correlation curves obtained from the mathematical expression of the proposed model is carried out with the existing results in the literature. In order to validate the proposed model, the elliptical geometrical shape is transformed into circular one. The resulting comparative analysis verifies that the circular geometrical models are the special cases of our proposed model.
Alienation Embraced: Camus’s The Stranger

Nietzsche claimed that Western man had killed the idea of God, and described the fateful consequences of this cultural murder. ‘Whither are we moving now? Away from all suns? Are we not plunging continually? Backward, sideward, forward, in all directions? Is there any up or down left? Are we not straying as though through an infinite nothing?’ Camus’s Stranger is one of those men who, with the departure of God, are fluttering in the void. When deprived of firm and familiar guidance, man easily loses his bearings. He does not know what to do with himself or what gives his life meaning. In the character of Meursault Camus captures in a convincing way a phenomenon to which many representatives of our age have repeatedly called attention. When the spiritual and cultural fabric of a civilisation falls apart, it should not be surprising to find a vacuum in the soul of man. Indeed, the very presence of the soul may be put in doubt. When the prosecutor in Meursault’s trial considers the defendant’s soul, he finds a blank, ‘literally nothing, gentlemen of the jury’. As Meursault reports, ‘Really, he said, I have no soul, there was nothing human about me, not one of those moral qualities which normal men possess had any place in my mentality.’
Will Social Critique Force the Faculty Role to Evolve

The American college professor has traditionally filled three primary roles in institutions of higher education: that of teacher, of scholar, and of servant leader. But a call of alarm has been sounded of late and some suggest that the economic turbulence of recent years has given rise to a Pandora’s box of public scrutiny resulting in fissures that threaten to fracture the venerable triumvirate. The purpose of this essay is to examine the evolution of the faculty’s role in higher education, to invite thoughtful comparison between these past and present functions, and to provoke discussion regarding the future of the professoriate in an increasingly critical social milieu.
An Adaptive Fisher’s Combination Method for Joint Analysis of Multiple Phenotypes in Association Studies

Currently, the analyses of most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed on a single phenotype. There is increasing evidence showing that pleiotropy is a widespread phenomenon in complex diseases. Therefore, using only one single phenotype may lose statistical power to identify the underlying genetic mechanism. There is an increasing need to develop and apply powerful statistical tests to detect association between multiple phenotypes and a genetic variant. In this paper, we develop an Adaptive Fisher's Combination (AFC) method for joint analysis of multiple phenotypes in association studies. The AFC method combines p-values obtained in standard univariate GWAS by using the optimal number of p-values which is determined by the data. We perform extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of the AFC method and compare the power of our method with the powers of TATES, Tippett's method, Fisher's combination test, MANOVA, MultiPhen, and SUMSCORE. Our simulation studies show that the proposed method has correct type I error rates and is either the most powerful test or comparable with the most powerful test. Finally, we illustrate our proposed methodology by analyzing whole-genome genotyping data from a lung function study.
Age-related length variability of polymorphic CAG repeats

Somatic instability of CAG repeats has been associated with the clinical progression of CAG repeat diseases. Aging and DNA repair processes influence the somatic stability of CAG repeat in disease and in mouse models. However, most of the studies have focused on genetically engineered transgenic repeats and little is known about the stability of naturally polymorphic CAG repeats. To study whether age and/or DNA repair activity have an effect on the somatic stability of CAG repeats, we analyzed variations of the length of naturally polymorphic CAG repeats in the striatum of young and aged WT and ogg1 KO mice. Some multiple and long polymorphic CAG repeats were observed to have variable length in the striatum of aged mice. Interestingly, a low level of repeat variability was detected in the CAG repeat located in tbp, the only mouse polymorphic CAG repeat that is associated with a trinucleotide disease in humans, in the striatum of aged mice and not in young mice. We propose that age may have an effect on the somatic stability of polymorphic CAG repeats and that such an effect depends on intrinsic CAG repeat characteristics.
Analytical estimation of input RMS current ripple and input filter design of matrix converter

A filter is required to remove the high frequency switching ripple present in the input current of the matrix converter. A design procedure for a single stage L-C filter is presented in this paper based on the specifications of allowable ripple in the grid current and distortion in the input voltage of the matrix converter. This requires an accurate estimation of the ripple component present in input line current. An analytical method to estimate this switching ripple is presented, and the converter is modeled for fundamental frequency. A damping resistor is designed to damp the oscillations due to LC resonance, with minimum power loss. The converter is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and the filter design results are verified.
Development of a new methodology for building three-dimensional nanostructures

Three dimension (3D) printers are commercially available with resolution as high as micrometers. Further miniaturization would require development of both materials, instruments, as well as methodology in order to attain required spatial precision to reach nanometer scale. This presentation reports our recent progress in producing 3D nanostructures using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) based method. Nanometer scale lines, cross-grids, and pyramids were constructed following designed geometry and size. The products were also characterized in situ using AFM to demonstrate the fidelity and spatial precision. The enabling aspects of 3D nanoprinting should have significant impact on a broad range of applications including tissue engineering, biomaterials, biomimetics, nanophotonics materials, and nanodevices.
Locomotive analysis of a single-input three-link snake robot

When commanding gaits for snake robots and other articulated systems, direct control of all possible joint inputs may not always be necessary or optimal to achieve a locomotive goal. Here we consider a three-link nonholonomic snake robot—an already underactuated system with locomotive capabilities in SE(2)—and reduce its input space to a single actuated joint, replacing the other joint's motor with a passive mass-spring-damper system. We show that the modified system can operate dynamically in addition to kinematically, and that it is possible to find gaits that produces locomotion similar to a fully actuated system. In particular, we describe the emergence of a new type of gait that incorporates the system's singular configurations to produce high locomotive efficiency without incurring unbounded constraint forces.
Volatility of amines for CO2 capture

Abstract Volatility is a critical criterion for amine selection for CO 2 capture from low pressure gas streams. The Henry's law constant (H am ) in water of 24 novel amines, including 18 tertiary amines, 3 hindered amines, 2 ether amines, and 1 pyridine derivative was measured at 40 °C using a hot gas FTIR. 14 of them have a H am less than 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP). A group contribution model that correlates H am to molecular structure was developed based on the data from this work and data from literature. Non-cyclic groups and cyclic groups have significant effect on the volatility of the amine. The amine partial pressure (P am ) of tertiary and hindered amines was also measured in a blend with PZ at 40 °C and their normal CO 2 loading range for flue gas CO 2 capture. With increased pK a , the P am of tertiary and hindered amines becomes a stronger function of CO 2 loading. These results at nominal lean loading were correlated with H am of the amine.
Aptamer-functionalized hybrid nanoparticle for the treatment of breast cancer

Abstract Purpose Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin is a major reason for cancer treatment failure. At present the treatment option for metastatic breast cancer is very poor. Therefore, development of an effective therapeutic strategy to circumvent MDR of metastatic breast cancer is highly anticipated. The MDR of metastatic breast cancer cells was accompanied with the overexpression of P-gp transporter. Even though the overexpression of P-gp could be minimized by silencing with siRNA, the question is how they can be selectively targeted to the cancer cells. We propose that aptamer surface labeling of the nanoparticles could enhance the selectively delivery of p-gp siRNA into the metastatic breast cancer cells. Our hypothesis is that conjugating nanoparticles with a cancer cell specific aptamer should allow selective delivery of therapeutic drugs to tumor cells leading to enhanced cellular toxicity and antitumor effect as compared to unconjugated nanoparticles. The primary objective of this study is to develop a targeted nanocarrier delivery system for siRNA into breast cancer cells. Design methods For targeted delivery, Aptamer A6 has been used which can bind to Her-2 receptors on breast cancer cells. For aptamer binding to particle surface, maleimide-terminated PEG-DSPE (Mal-PEG) was incorporated into the nanoparticles. Initially, three blank hybrid nanoparticles ( i.e. F21, F31, and F40) out of nine different formulations prepared by high pressure homogenization (HPH) using different amount of DOTAP, cholesterol, PLGA or PLGA-PEG and Mal-PEG were chosen. Then protamine sulfate-condensed GAPDH siRNA (TRITC conjugated; red) or P-gp siRNA was encapsulated into those nanoparticles. Finally, the particles were incubated with aptamer A6 (FITC conjugated; green) for surface labeling. Results Aptamer labeled-nanoparticles having PLGA are smaller in size than those having PLGA-PEG. Surface charge was reduced when the particles were labeled with aptamer. Cell transfection was increased significantly in Her-2 (+) SKBR-3 and 4T1-R cells but not in Her-2 poorly expressed MDA MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The knockdown of P-gp was increased significantly when the particles were labeled with aptamer. No significant cellular toxicity was observed for any of these formulations. Conclusion This preliminary study concludes that aptamer-functionalized hybrid nanoparticles could be used to deliver P-gp targeted siRNA into the breast cancer cells to overcome chemoresistance.
Severe pre-eclampsia before 26 weeks of gestation: how should we counsel women?

Objective observations of the uncommon occurrences can be gratifying, albeit grating. The gratifying part of the case series from Netherlands on severe preeclampsia before 26 weeks is undeniable. To convince all tertiary centres in a country to collect data on an obstetric phenomenon which occurs in 0.013% (133/1,044,287) of deliveries is an accomplishment! The rich data on maternal demographics and morbidity, along with neonatal outcomes is a remarkable. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Walter Benjamin’s radio pedagogy:

This paper investigates the unique educational relevancy of Walter Benjamin’s radio broadcasts. While much has been written about Benjamin’s approach to both children’s literature and children’s theatre, his own pedagogical practice as a radio pedagogue remains largely marginalized in these discussions. In order to address this gap in the literature, I focus on the implications of shifting from the largely visual world of children (celebrated in color illustrations) to the auditory world of radio. Through a careful reading of the radio scripts, I argue that a perceptual alteration unique to the sonic medium of radio jumpstarts historical thinking in children. The following pedagogical principles which I extract from the radio broadcasts support and enhance this mode of historical materialist education. In conclusion, the article argues for the ongoing relevancy of Benjamin for thinking through the pedagogical implications of new information technologies within a postmodern era such as podcasts.
Learning from Analyzing Linguistically Diverse Students’ Work: A Contribution of Preservice Teacher Inquiry

AbstractOne task of Feiman-Nemser’s teacher learning model—develop tools and dispositions to study teaching—frames how we organized learning opportunities during teacher preparation. We explored how and to what degree preservice teachers used teacher inquiry to analyze linguistically diverse students’ work through an asset-based lens, beyond deficit perspectives, attending to student learning that was present. Preservice teachers reflected on practice and varied in how they integrated knowledge of students and linguistic diversity in inquiry.
De ontmoeting met niet-westerse tradities

Niet-westerse geneeskunde wordt gedefinieerd door wat het niet is: het omvat alles wat niet biomedisch is. Algemeen wordt aangenomen dat de biomedische wetenschappen werden voortgebracht door het moderne ‘Westen’, te beginnen bij de ‘chemische revolutie’ van de vroege 19e eeuw of bij de ‘bacteriologische revolutie’ vanaf de jaren 1870. Beide revoluties worden geassocieerd met het wetenschappelijke laboratorium. Daarmee omvat niet-westerse geneeskunde alle overige medische tradities in de wereld, inclusief die van het premoderne Europa. Deze voorstelling van zaken blijkt te simpel. Zo is de Europese geneeskunde altijd gretig op zoek geweest naar effectieve geneesmiddelen, ongeacht hun oorsprong. En tegenwoordig is de ‘Chinese geneeskunde’ van alle ‘alternatieve’ niet-westerse stelsels het meest populair in Europa, terwijl veel ‘niet-westerse’ landen (inclusief China) de ontwikkeling van de biomedische wetenschappen juist sterk aanmoedigen. Het onderscheid tussen ‘westerse’ en ‘niet-westerse’ geneeskunde is eerder conceptueel dan geografisch van aard. Sinds de opkomst van de biomedische wetenschappen geldt niet-westerse geneeskunde als tegenhanger van wetenschappelijk reductionisme. Het herinnert biomedische onderzoekers eraan dat ziekte niet alleen moet worden beschouwd als biologisch proces maar ook als menselijke ervaring, en dat ze gevoelig moeten blijven voor alle dimensies van ziekte, ook wanneer deze niet op biomedische wijze in kaart kunnen worden gebracht.
Nuclease-free Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Il2rg Gene Editing in X-SCID Mice.

X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) has been successfully treated by hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transduction with retroviral vectors expressing the interleukin-2 receptor subunit gamma gene (IL2RG), but several patients developed malignancies due to vector integration near cellular oncogenes. This adverse side effect could in principle be avoided by accurate IL2RG gene editing with a vector that does not contain a functional promoter or IL2RG gene. Here, we show that adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene editing vectors can insert a partial Il2rg cDNA at the endogenous Il2rg locus in X-SCID murine bone marrow cells and that these ex vivo-edited cells repopulate transplant recipients and produce CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Circulating, edited lymphocytes increased over time and appeared in secondary transplant recipients, demonstrating successful editing in long-term repopulating cells. Random vector integration events were nearly undetectable, and malignant transformation of the transplanted cells was not observed. Similar editing frequencies were observed in human hematopoietic cells. Our results demonstrate that therapeutically relevant HSC gene editing can be achieved by AAV vectors in the absence of site-specific nucleases and suggest that this may be a safe and effective therapy for hematopoietic diseases where in vivo selection can increase edited cell numbers.
Genetic Effects of Atomic-Bomb Exposure

In 1948 James V. Neel, Jr., M.D. initiated a huge epidemiologic study of the genetics effects of exposure to the atomic bomb in Hiroshima or Nagasaki three years earlier. He was well prepared for this endeavor, having trained as a physician after receiving his doctoral degree in Drosophila genetics. His work in Japan began when he was assigned by the U.S. Army as Acting Director of the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (ABCC), an agency of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council. Neel combined his scholarship with outstanding administrative ability in originating and conducting a series of genetic studies in Hiroshima and Nagasaki for 44 years thus far.
The preparation and properties of a soluble diphosphopyridine nucleotide cytochrome c reductase.

The transfer of electrons from the pyridine nucleotide-linked dehydrogenases to cytochrome c is mediated by a class of enzymes which has been termed the cytochrome c reductases (1). Two TPNH cytochrome c reductases, both flavoproteins, have been purified, one by Haas et al. (1) from yeast, and another by Horecker (2) from liver.’ Analogous enzymes in the case of DPNH have been implicated in particulate preparations (3) and crude extracts (4, 5), but our understanding of their nature and function is still fragmentary. The relationship between the pyridine nucleotide-cytochrome c reductases and the diaphorase discovered by von Euler et al. (6,7) and Green and Dewan (8), and isolated in purified form by Straub (9), remains obscure. This enzyme catalyzes the reoxidation of DPKH by dyes, such as methylene blue, but is incapable of interaction with cytochrome c, the physiological oxidant. This inability may be due to a structural modification of a native cytochrome c reductase (3, 10). On the basis of inhibiton studies, Slater (11) has concluded that a factor sensitive to BAL (2,3-dimercaptopropanol) is necessary for full reductase activity. More recently Potter and Reif (12) have implicated a similar factor, as a result of their studies on antimycin A inhibition. From this laboratory Hayaishi (13) has already reported on the preparation and assay of a soluble DPN cytochrome c reductase from pigeon breast muscle. This paper deals with an improved method for the preparation of this reductase.
Work/family policy stratification : The examples of Family Support and Family Leave

In the past decade the United States Congress has debated and passed legislative policies concerned with women's work, both in the family and in the labor force. The Family Support Act of 1988 and the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 fall into this category of legislative policy. A comparative study of Congressional testimony in each case reveals that these two pieces of legislation are excellent examples of how federal policies—and the debates which fashion these policies—maintain and promote a system of policy stratification that perpetuates differences based on gender, race, class and marital and occupational status.
Metabolism of DL-epinephrine-7-H3-D-bitartrate.

Numerous reports, including those presented at last year’s Symposium on Tracer Applications of Tritium, have emphasized the advantages of using tritium labeling in studies of the metabolism of biologically important compounds. One particular advantage is that it is possible to prepare tritium-labeled compounds with high specific activity. In addition, the low-energy radiation which is given off by tritium allows the use in humans of much larger amounts of radioactivity than is the case with other radioactive elements, such as C14.
Protein and Carbohydrate Effects in Atherosclerosis

The longstanding emphasis on lipid effects in atherosclerosis and the recent interest in dietary fiber together account for the bulk of published work on diet and atherosclerosis. However, all components of the diet may affect lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis. The first studies relating diet to atherosclerosis were carried out by Ignatowski on the hypothesis that a toxic metabolite of animal protein was atherogenic. Subsequent studies have shown that casein (the most common example of animal protein) is more atherogenic than soy protein (the usual example of vegetable protein). Carroll has shown that different animal and plant proteins can have very different cholesterolemic effects. In general, cholesterol turnover is slower in rabbits fed casein. A 1 : 1 mixture of animal and vegetable protein is not more cholesterolemic or atherogenic than vegetable protein. Protein effects on cholesterolemia are also moderated by the type of fiber or carbohydrate in the diet. We have suggested that the ratio of lysine/arginine, which is high in animal protein and low in vegetable protein, may be a factor in determining the effects of protein. Other investigators have found other amino acids that may influence protein effects. It has also been suggested that casein may not be the proper model for animal protein.
The Romantic Piano

With the possible exception of the guitar in contemporary popular music, the piano has proven itself the most popular Western musical instrument. For decades during the later nineteenth and most of the twentieth centuries, almost every upper- and middle-class European and American family owned one. Furthermore, the piano possesses a larger and more variegated repertory than even the violin. In addition to their concerts and recorded legacies, two pianists—Leslie Howard and the late Charles Rosen—have contributed to musical scholarship. A third performer, Garrick Ohlsson, speaks about his own pianistic preferences without an interviewer’s queries and prompts.
The influence of therapists’ first-hand experience with psychedelics on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy research and therapist training

Clinical research on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy is rapidly advancing in the USA, with two drugs, psilocybin and MDMA, progressing through a structure of FDA-approved trials on a trajectory toward Drug Enforcement Agency rescheduling for therapeutic use. Researcher’s and clinician’s personal use of psychedelics was cited as a potential confound in psychedelic research studies conducted in the 1950s and 1960s, a concern which contributed to the cessation of this research for some 20 years. Currently, there is no empirical research on personal use of psychedelics by current academic researchers and clinicians; its influence is undocumented, unknown, and undertheorized. This paper explores the history of personal use of psychedelics by clinicians and researchers, the potential impact of personal use on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy and research, and the rationale for opening an academic discussion and program of research to investigate the role of personal use. We propose that there are factors u...
El logro conjunto de la identidad

Identity has become a central concept in the analysis of learning from social perspectives. In this article, we draw on a situative perspective to conceptualize identity as a joint accomplishment between individuals and their interactions with norms, practices, cultural tools, relationships, and institutional and cultural contexts. Employing vignettes from our prior research, we examine the joint accomplishment of identity with respect to different levels of activity, including how identity develops in relation to the practices of a particular activity, how identity shifts over time across activities, and how more enduring communities and practices frame the ways that identity develops within and across activities. We illustrate, in particular, how a situative perspective on identity enables researchers to capture the dynamic interplay of individuals and resources, thus accounting for aspects of structure and agency in all social interactions.
Chapter 1 – Basic Concepts

Statistics is the science of acquiring and utilizing data. It provides us with the tools for data collection, summarization, and interpretation, with the goal of identifying the underlying structure, trends, and relationships inherent in the data. This is how we convert data into information.
Publisher Correction: Systemic AAV vectors for widespread and targeted gene delivery in rodents.

During the production process, the authors of this paper supplied revised versions of Figs. 2–5, Supplementary Tables 1–4, and Supplementary Videos 1–3, but because of publisher error, these revised items were not included in the final published version of the protocol. The figures have been updated in the PDF and HTML versions of the paper, and the revised Supplementary Information files are now available online. We note that the figures have been revised to improve their resolution only; the content of the figures and the data reflected remain unchanged. Also, print requirements impose some limits on figure resolution, but the authors have made very high-resolution versions of Figs. 2–5 available at as Source data.
RF Cancellation of Coupled Transmit Signal and Noise in STAR across 1 GHz Bandwidth

The shrinking spectrum availability has led to the development of creative approaches for spectrum allocation and reuse. A most promising approach for spectrum is the simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) scheme. A major challenge in realizing STAR is the coupling of high power transmit (Tx) signals into the co-located receiver, leading to strong signal interference in the operating frequency. In addition, to this direct interference, cancellation of harmonics and the transmit noise is also necessary. Overall, for successful STAR realization, 3 signal components must be suppressed, namely 1)Tx signal, 2)Tx signal harmonics, and 3)Tx noise. In this paper, we present the design of RF cancellation of these components across 1 GHz using antenna and filters. In addition, we also show the effect of Tx noise coupling in an array environment and means to suppress it.
Definition and Signatures of Lung Fibroblast Populations in Development and Fibrosis in Mice and Men

Abstract The heterogeneity of fibroblasts in the murine and human lung during homeostasis and disease is increasingly recognized. It remains unclear if the different phenotypes identified to date are characteristic of unique subpopulations with unique progenitors or whether they arise by a process of differentiation from common precursors. Our understanding of this ubiquitous cell type is limited by an absence of well validated, specific, markers with which to identify each cell type and a clear consensus on the distinct populations present in the lung. Here we describe single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on mesenchymal cells from the murine lung throughout embryonic (E) development (E9.5 – 17.5), at post-natal day (P1 – 15), as well as in the adult and the aged murine lungs before and after bleomycin-induced fibrosis. We carried out complementary scRNA-seq on human lung tissue from a P1 lung, a month 21 lung and lung tissue from healthy donors and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The murine and human data were supplemented with publicly available scRNA-seq datasets. We consistently identified lipofibroblasts, myofibroblasts, pericytes, mesothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. In addition, we identified a novel population delineated by Ebf1 (early B-cell factor 1) expression and an intermediate subtype. Comparative analysis with human mesenchymal cells revealed homologous mesenchymal subpopulations with remarkably conserved transcriptomic signatures. Comparative analysis of changes in gene expression in the fibroblast subpopulations from age matched non-fibrotic and fibrotic lungs in the mouse and human demonstrates that many of these subsets contribute to matrix gene expression in fibrotic conditions. Subtype selective transcription factors were identified and putative divergence of the clusters during development were delineated. Prospective isolation of these fibroblast subpopulations, localization of signature gene markers, and lineage-tracing each cluster are under way in the laboratory. This analysis will enhance our understanding of fibroblast heterogeneity in homeostasis and fibrotic disease conditions.