cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
First aid anaphylaxis management in children who were prescribed an epinephrine autoinjector device (EpiPen)

Abstract Background: Epinephrine for first aid use by parents and other caregivers and in the form of an autoinjector device (EpiPen, Center Laboratories) is often prescribed for children who have had previous anaphylactic reactions. It is not known whether the EpiPen device is used appropriately during subsequent reactions and whether its use is able to prevent the complications of anaphylaxis. Objective: Our purpose was to determine parental knowledge and practice concerning first aid anaphylaxis management, the frequency of recurrent generalized allergic reactions, the first aid measures taken, and the subsequent outcome of these reactions. Methods: A retrospective survey was performed with a telephone questionnaire of all children with a history of anaphylaxis who attended a specialist allergy service and were prescribed an EpiPen autoinjector device. Results: Recurrent generalized allergic reactions occurred with a frequency of 0.98 episodes per patient per year and were more common in those with food compared with insect venom anaphylaxis. The EpiPen device was only used in 29% of recurrent anaphylactic reactions. Parental knowledge was deficient in recognition of the symptoms of anaphylaxis and use of the EpiPen device, and adequate first aid measures were not in place for the majority of children attending school. Those children in whom the EpiPen device was used were less likely to be given epinephrine in hospital and to require subsequent hospital admission. Conclusion: The EpiPen autoinjector device is infrequently used in children with recurrent episodes of anaphylaxis; the reasons for this require further research. It is likely that parents and other caregivers will require continuing education and support in first aid anaphylaxis management. When the EpiPen device is used appropriately, it appears to reduce subsequent morbidity from anaphylaxis. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:171-6.)
Theory of the Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of Organic Solids: Collective Effects

In this series of lectures we briefly consider two complimentary approaches to the study of organic solids: The method of simulation by finite clusters of molecules, and the methods of energy band theory. In both cases, the initial starting point is the Hartree-Fock method, which, as expected, turns out to be inadequate for any reasonable level of quantitative accuracy. Solids, being essentially infinite sized systems, restrict our choice of correlation methods to those which are size consistent. We are furthermore interested in properties such as optical excitation and need to be able to obtain the finite difference between extensive total energies. This further restricts our choices. Methods based upon ordinary Rayleigh-Schrodinger Perturbation-Theory are chosen and extensive results for solid CH4are used as an illustration.
The Washington and Du Bois Leadership Paradigms Reconsidered

From the end of Reconstruction in the 1880s to the 1940s, the African American population confronted the complex issue of how to lead African Americans in an emergent industrial American nation-state system that applied rigid white supremacist practices in its interface with African Americans. One can hypothesize two generic types of modern ethnic group leadership: (1) the social organization type which focuses on the nuts and bolts of outfitting a group with agencies, mechanisms, networks, and institutions related to modern social development; and (2) the guidance type or mobilization type which focuses on the character of an ethnic group's status, citizenship rights, human rights, and honor in a modern nation-state society. This article revisits the classic leadership contest from the 1890s to the 1940s between the leadership paradigms of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois in terms of the two generic types of modern ethnic group leadership. It concludes with a critique of efforts by neoconservative...
Suburban School Districts and Demographic Change: The Technical, Normative, and Political Dimensions of Response

Purpose: Suburban school districts have undergone significant demographic shifts over the past several decades. The research literature to date, however, has yet to explore how suburban district leaders are responding to such changes, or examine the factors that shape response. In this article, we apply a “zone of mediation” framework to examine how the leaders of one large and rapidly changing suburban school district in Texas responded to its changing student population. In our analysis, we consider the technical, normative, and political dimensions of this district’s response to demographic shifts. Research Methods/Approach: We conducted an indepth qualitative case study of a large and rapidly changing district in the San Antonio Metropolitan area, which we named “Southern Independent School District.” Our data included interviews with 28 district-level and community actors and interviews with 26 educators across three “focus”
The Impact of Information Technologies on Air Transportation

The Air Transportation System and several key subsystems including the Aircraft, Airline, and Air Trmc Management are modeled as interacting control loops. The impact of Information Technologies on each of these subsystems is evaluated through the performance of these control loops. Information technologies are seen to have a significant impact on the safety, efficiency, capability, capacity, environmental impact and financial performance of the Air Transportation System and its components. This growth in traffic has been accompanied by an increase in safety and cost efficiency. The world commercial jet aircraft fatal or hull loss accident rate decreased by a factor of 5 from 1972 to 2002 and by more than 25 from the entry of commercial jet aircraft in the early 1960's.~ Cost efficiency has also increased. The average Cost per Available Seat Mile (CASM) for U.S. Airlines has decreased by over 40% since the late 1970's.~ It is interesting to note that this period of strong air transportation performance correlates with both the deregulation of the U. S Airline Industry in 1978 and the growth in Information Technologies. The commercial introduction of the microprocessor was in 197 1 and the introduction of the Intel 8086 processor (which powered most personal computers) occurred in 1978 (Ref. 4) the year the US Auline industry was deregulated. This paper explores the impact of Information Technologies on Air Transportation and attempts to identify key Information Technology trends emergent issues and future opportunities for Air Transportation. In order to limit it's scope, this papa will focus primarily on Information Technologies that influence operational closed loop feedback control at various levels. It w~ll not address Information Technologies such as CFD and computational modeling which have had a significant impact on vehicle design.
Collapsible soil engineering in highway infrastructure development

Rapid growth in arid and semiarid regions has brought increased focus on volume change characteristics of moisture sensitive unsaturated soils. One such soil type of concern is collapsible soil. There are numerous reports of pavement problems resulting from soil wetting-induced collapse. The purpose of this paper is to review methods for detecting moisture sensitive collapsible soils and to explore the value and feasibility of various testing and evaluation methods and mitigation alternatives for highway design applications. Findings on site variability for several collapsible soil deposits are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of laboratory and in-situ direct response to wetting tests are discussed. The advantages and limitations of qualitative and nondestructive methods for assessing soil collapsibility are also addressed.
Thermal aware FPGA architectures and CAD

As a result of our research so far, our placement tool achieved temperature reductions of over 10degC while the adaptive FPGA architectures generate timely responses to bring down temperature by about 14degC. Since routing accounts for a bulk of the power generated, exploiting the temporal and spatial variation in interconnect utilization to minimize their thermal contributions would be an interesting future extension to our work.
Polarized Helper-T-Cell Responses against Leishmania major in the Absence of B Cells

B-cell-to-T-cell signaling can shape helper T (Th) cell responses. During infection with Leishmania major, Th response is critical in determining the outcome of disease. Resistance depends on the generation of a protective Th1 response, while susceptibility is mediated by the generation of a Th2 response. In this study, we determined whether B cells are required for the development of polarized Th1 and Th2 responses during infection with L. major. Mice lacking B cells due to disruption of the immunoglobulin M locus (μMT) were infected with L. major, and disease progression and Th cell development were assessed. On the genetically resistant C57BL background, both wild-type and μMT mice controlled the infection and mounted a Th1 response. On the genetically susceptible BALB/c background, both wild-type and μMT mice were susceptible to infection and generated Th2 responses. Thus, during L. major infection, neither direct antigen presentation or costimulation by B cells nor antibody-mediated effector functions are essential for the development of polarized Th responses.
A distribution-free Bayesian approach for determining the joint probability of failure of materials subject to multiple proof loads

Survival of manufacturing materials or component parts may depend on two or more variables, and yet joint strength tests can be difficult to perform. For many such materials, multiple strength properties can be estimated only using destructive testing. This problem gives rise to a technique called proof loading—stressing units up to a prescribed load, destroying only the weaker units, and leaving the survivors for further tests. We propose a distribution-free Bayesian approach for estimating the probability of joint failure under two proof loads. Our method does not assume that proof-load survivors are undamaged.
Measured microdosimetric spectra and therapeutic potential of boron neutron capture enhancement of 252Cf brachytherapy.

Abstract Burmeister, J., Kota, C. and Maughan, R. L. Measured Microdosimetric Spectra and Therapeutic Potential of Boron Neutron Capture Enhancement of 252Cf Brachytherapy. Radiat. Res. 164, 312–318 (2005). Californium-252 is a neutron-emitting radioisotope used as a brachytherapy source for radioresistant tumors. Presented here are microdosimetric spectra measured as a function of simulated site diameter and distance from applicator tube 252Cf sources. These spectra were measured using miniature tissue-equivalent proportional counters (TEPCs). An investigation of the clinical potential of boron neutron capture (BNC) enhancement of 252Cf brachytherapy is also provided. The absorbed dose from the BNC reaction was measured using a boron-loaded miniature TEPC. Measured neutron, photon and BNC absorbed dose components are provided as a function of distance from the source. In general, the absorbed dose results show good agreement with results from other measurement techniques. A concomitant boost to 252Cf bra...
Distributed power network co-design with on-chip power supplies and decoupling capacitors

With each technology generation, the power delivery network becomes larger and more complicated, making the system analysis process computationally complex. The rising number of on-chip power supplies and intentional decoupling capacitors inserted throughout an integrated circuit further complicates the analysis of the power distribution network. Interactions among the on-chip power supplies, decoupling capacitors, and load circuitry are investigated in this paper. The on-chip power supplies and decoupling capacitors within the power network are simultaneously co-designed and placed. The effect of physical distance on the power supply noise is investigated. This methodology changes conventional practices where the power distribution network is designed first, followed by the placement of the decoupling capacitors.
Preliminary Characterization of Organic Nucleator and Framework Macromolecules in Mollusc Shells

The nacreous (mother-of-pearl) sections of molluscan shells are natural laminates of aragonitic calcium carbonate platelets and an organic matrix. The multi-edged platelets are sub-micrometer thick and surrounded on all sides by 10–20 nm-thick organic matrix that contains several proteins and polysaccharides. Our goal is to identify the components and structure of the organic matrix and determine their function in shell formation and organization. We have extracted organic material from red abalone-Haliotis rufescens, and chambered nautilus-Nautilus pompilius. From the soluble portion, we have partially purified two proteins and determined their amino acid compositions.
Circumventing the Law: Students’ Rights in Schools With Police

Over the past several decades, public schools in the United States have been increasingly transformed into high security environments, complete with surveillance technologies, security forces, and harsh punishments. The school resource officer (SRO) program, which assigns uniformed police officers to work in public schools, is one significant component of this new brand of school security. Although the intentions of the SRO program are clear—to help administrators maintain order in schools, deter students from committing criminal acts, and arrest students who do break the law—the potential unintended consequences of this program are largely unknown. This study employs ethnographic methodology in two public high schools with SROs to examine how students’ rights, including Fourth Amendment rights, Fifth Amendment rights, and privacy rights, are negotiated in public schools with full-time police presence. The results of this study suggest that schools administrators and SROs partner in ways that compromise and reduce the legal rights of students.
Interaction of Calcium and Phytate in Broiler Diets. 1. Effects on Apparent Prececal Digestibility and Retention of Phosphorus

Phytate P utilization from soybean meal (SBM) included in broiler diets has been shown to be poor and highly dependent on dietary Ca intake. However, the effect of Ca on P utilization and on the optimal ratio of Ca to nonphytate P (Ca:NPP) when diets contained varying levels of phytate has not been clearly shown and was the objective of this research. A factorial treatment structure was used with 4 dietary Ca levels from 0.47 to 1.16% and 3 levels of phytate P (0.28, 0.24, and 0.10%). Varying dietary phytate P levels were obtained by utilizing SBM produced from 3 varieties of soybeans with different phytate P concentrations. Ross 508 broiler chicks were fed 1 of 12 diets from 16 to 21 d of age. Excreta were collected from 16 to 17 d and from 19 to 20 d of age and ileal digesta was collected at 21 d of age. Apparent prececal P digestibility decreased when dietary Ca concentration increased and was higher when diets contained low-phytate SBM. The apparent digestibility of Ca and percentage of phytate P hydrolysis at the distal ileum were not reduced when dietary phytate P concentration increased. Including low-phytate SBM in diets reduced total P output in the excreta by 49% compared with conventional SBM. The optimum ratio of Ca:NPP that resulted in the highest P retention and lowest P excretion was 2.53:1, 2.40:1, and 2.34:1 for diets with 0.28, 0.24, and 0.10% phytate P. These data suggested that increased dietary Ca reduced the extent of phytate P hydrolysis and P digestibility and that the optimum Ca:NPP ratio at which P retention was maximized was reduced when diets contained less phytate P.
Ultraviolet Radiation-induced Apoptosis Is Mediated by Activation of CD-95 (Fas/APO-1)*

Exposure to ultraviolet light (UV) can induce apoptosis in mammalian cells. The mechanism by which UV radiation engages the suicide apparatus is unclear. Here we demonstrate that UV radiation can activate the Fas pathway via receptor aggregation and subsequent recruitment of the death adaptor molecule FADD/MORT1. UV radiation-induced apoptosis was inhibited by both a dominant negative version of FADD (FADD-DN) and the caspase inhibitor CrmA. Thus, activation of the Fas pathway represents a physiologic mechanism by which UV-damaged cells are eliminated.
LIKE CHEWING GRAVEL

The researcher's role in creating knowledge and interpretations is of critical concern as new research methods are developed. Recent attention has been given to the “implications of difference” on the research process; however, the processes of analysis/interpretation and presentation of research remain to be illuminated. Seeking to address this, I present my experiences as a White researcher of middle socioeconomic status (SES) conducting qualitative research about childbearing with several pregnant Black American adolescents of lower SES. Although the research process was consistent with qualitative research methods, initial analyses of the data led to findings that seemed far afield from the participants' worlds. I subsequently reanalyzed the data with the principles of a feminist epistemology (Harding, 1991) in mind. The impact of using this epistemology on the processes of analysis and interpretation and my presentation of the data are presented. The results support the importance of developing femin...
WOMEN FARMERS' PERSPECTIVES ON THE USE OF MACHINERY IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN TURKEY

Using of machinery in agriculture, namely agricultural mechanization, embraces the use of tools, implements and machines for agricultural land development, crop production, harvesting, preparation for storage, storage, and on-farm processing. The main criteria such as technical, economic, ergonomic, environmental, and cultural aspects of agriculture have significantly influenced the use of machinery in agriculture. Women workers have been contributing to many fields of agricultural production. Therefore, this study analyzed the views of women farmers about the use of machinery in agricultural production. To this purpose, a survey was administered to leading women farmers to evaluate their perspectives regarding the use of machinery in agricultural production. The results of survey showed that the use of machinery in agricultural production was common and that in Turkey the machineries in widespread use in agricultural production were tractors, ploughs, cultivators, and planters. More than 50 % of leading women farmers stated that the use of machinery in agricultural production resulted in comfort and saved time. Keywords: women farmer, agricultural machinery, agricultural production
Imidazolinone resistance in several Amaranthus hybridus populations.

Abstract Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the responses of several imidazolinone (IMI)-resistant Amaranthus hybridus populations to various acetolactate synthase (EC 4.1.3.18)-inhibiting herbicides. In 1996 field studies, IMI resistance was confirmed in one A. hybridus population (R4) that was not cross-resistant to the sulfonylurea herbicides CGA-277476, chlorimuron, or thifensulfuron. Amaranthus hybridus control with triazolopyrimidine herbicides was ≤ 35%, but control with cloransulam-methyl or flumetsulam plus cloransulam-methyl was higher than with IMI herbicides. Follow-up greenhouse studies were conducted in 1997 and 1998 to investigate the response of one IMI-susceptible (S) A. hybridus population collected near Painter, VA, and four IMI-resistant A. hybridus populations (R1, R2, R3, R4) collected from fields in Somerset County, MD, to postemergence imazethapyr, chlorimuron, thifensulfuron, pyrithiobac, and cloransulam-methyl applications. Resistance to imazethapyr was confi...
GABA receptors in the phrenic nucleus of the rat

The phrenic nucleus was identified by microinjections ofN-methyl-d-aspartic acid in urethan-anesthetized adult male Wistar rats. Microinjections of GABAA and GABAB receptor agonists (muscimol and b...
From Spoke to Hub: Transforming Organizational Vision and Strategy With Story and Visual Art.

This article reports on a case study at an inner-city nonprofit service agency that inquired into the ways integration of storytelling and visual art as a method of adult learning and way of knowing might influence the process of strategic visioning and planning in a nonprofit organization. The case study focuses on data collected through interviews and observation in the context of an action research project, with an aim of better understanding the influence of presentational ways of knowing and learning on transformative learning at the organizational level. Findings of this case study point toward the possibility of such transformation, in particular a shift in meaning perspective manifested at the level of organizational vision and strategy that can affect the organization’s work all the way down to the operational level. Project background, process, and findings are discussed, followed by implications for practice.
Modeling reaction histories to study chemical pathways in condensed phase detonation

The estimation of pressure and temperature histories, which are required to understand chemical pathways in condensed phase explosives during detonation, is discussed. We argue that estimates made from continuum models, calibrated by macroscopic experiments, are essential to inform modern, atomistic-based reactive chemistry simulations at detonation pressures and temperatures. We present easy to implement methods for general equation of state and arbitrarily complex chemical reaction schemes that can be used to compute reactive flow histories for the constant volume, the energy process, and the expansion process on the Rayleigh line of a steady Chapman-Jouguet detonation. A brief review of state-of-the-art of two-component reactive flow models is given that highlights the Ignition and Growth model of Lee and Tarver [Phys. Fluids 23, 2362 (1980)] and the Wide-Ranging Equation of State model of Wescott, Stewart, and Davis [J. Appl. Phys. 98, 053514 (2005)]. We discuss evidence from experiments and reactive ...
Effective Strategies for Global Health Training Programs A Systematic Review of Training Outcomes in Low and Middle Income Countries

INTRODUCTION: Low and middle-income countries face a continued burden of chronic illness and non-communicable diseases while continuing to show very low health worker utilization. With limited numbers of medical schools and a workforce shortage the poor health outcomes seen in many low and middle income countries are compounded by a lack of within country medical training. METHODS: Using a systematic approach, this paper reviews the existing literature on training outcomes in low and middle-income countries in order to identify effective strategies for implementation in the developing world. This review examined training provided by high-income countries to low- and middle-income countries. RESULTS: Based on article eligibility, 24 articles were found to meet criteria. Training methods found include workshops, e-learning modules, hands-on skills training, group discussion, video sessions, and role-plays. Of the studies with statistically significant results training times varied from one day to three years. Studies using both face-to-face and video found statistically significant results. DISCUSSION: Based on the results of this review, health professionals from high-income countries should be encouraged to travel to low- middle-income countries to assist with providing training to health providers in those countries.
Factors Influencing the Growth Rate, Doping, and Surface Morphology of the Low-Temperature Halo-Carbon Homoepitaxial Growth of 4H SiC with HCl Additive

In this work, a possibility to further suppress silicon vapor condensation and formation of Si clusters in order to improve the growth rate and morphology during the low-temperature halo-carbon epitaxial growth of 4H-SiC was investigated. While a pronounced dissociating of Si clusters was clearly demonstrated, the enhancement of the growth rate and morphology was less significant then expected. In addition, the homogeneity of the growth rate and doping along the gas flow direction indicated that a significant and non-equal depletion of Si and C growth species takes place at sufficiently high HCl supply. HCl flow-dependent formation of polycrystalline Si and SiC deposits in the upstream portion of the hot zone was shown to be the source of this depletion.
A Model for the High Temperature Transport Properties of Heavily Doped P-Type Silicon-Germanium Alloys

A model is presented for the high temperature transport properties of large grain size, heavily doped p-type silicon-germanium alloys. Good agreement with experiment (±10%) is found by considering acoustic phonon and ionized impurity scattering for holes and phonon-phonon, point defect and hole-phonon scattering for phonons. Phonon scattering by holes is found to be substantially weaker than phonon scattering by electrons, which accounts for the larger thermal conductivity values of ptype silicon-germanium alloys compared to similarly doped n-type silicongermanium alloys. The relatively weak scattering of long-wavelength phonons by holes raises the possibility that p-type silicon-germanium alloys may be improved for thermoelectric applications by the addition of an additional phonon scattering mechanism which is effective on intermediate and long-wavelength phonons. Calculations indicate improvements in the thermoelectric figure of merit up to 40% may be possible by incorporating several volume percent of 20 A radius inclusions into p-type silicon-germanium alloys.
Influence of Nephrectomy on the Growth of a Murine Wilms Tumor: A Study using Parabiotic Rats

AbstractIt has been reported that unilateral nephrectomy causes acceleration of the growth of a Wistar/Furth rat Wilms tumor. We studied this phenomenon in parabiotic rats by measuring tumor growth after either sham nephrectomy, or excision of 1, 2 or 3 kidneys. We observed no stimulation of tumor growth in the experimental groups. Renal function was significantly decreased after removal of 2 or 3 kidneys. Serum creatinine levels were significantly different between right and left members of parabiotic pairs in these 2 groups. The effect of unilateral and bilateral nephrectomy on tumor growth in single rats also was examined. In these rats progressive increases in tumor growth were observed after unilateral and bilateral nephrectomy. Our inability to demonstrate a tumor-stimulating factor in the parabiotic model may be due partly to incomplete sharing of humoral factors between parabionts. Serum transfer studies in vitro may prove more fruitful in demonstrating such a factor.
Special Session Title: Looking Forward and Back at Survey Research Response Issues in Marketing Research

This session presents issues related to the changing technologies and trends associated with data collection in marketing research. Particular emphasis is given to research practices that impact the generalizability of results. The session raises the question as to whether or not response representativeness remains an important concern for researchers. Three papers are presented to stimulate audience discussion. David J. Ortinau focuses specifically on communication technologies and examines the potential implications for sample representativeness that come from different sample sources. Lauren Brewer’s work focuses more specifically on the nature of student responses and the extent to which student responses may represent realistically the responses from other consumers and more generally reviews the role played by student volunteers in consumer research. Yasemin Ocal Atinc presents research focusing specifically on issues related to response rates. What are trends in response rates across the key marketing journals and what steps are taken by authors to make sure that the data they present adequately represent some relevant population? The results of these papers provide motivation for researchers to portent to basic issues of their research related to response and nonresponse error. Are we producing studies that display more rigor on the analytical side than they do in the basic research design and if so, what impact would this have on the meaningfulness of basic marketing research?
Transduction of Primitive Human Marrow and Cord Blood-Derived Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells With Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors

We evaluated the capacity of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to transduce primitive human myeloid progenitor cells derived from marrow and cord blood in long-term cultures and long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays. Single-colony analyses showed that AAV vectors transduced CD34+ and CD34+38− clonogenic cells in long-term culture. Gene transfer was readily observed in LTC-ICs derived from 5-, 8-, and 10-week cultures. Recombinant AAV (rAAV) transduction was observed in every donor analyzed, although a wide range of gene transfer frequencies (5% to 100%) was noted. AAV transduction of LTC-ICs was stable, with week-8 and -10 LTC-ICs showing comparable or better transduction relative to week-5 LTC-ICs. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses performed to determine the fate of AAV vectors in transduced cells showed that 9% to 28% of CD34+ and CD34+38− cells showed stable vector integration as evidenced by chromosome-associated signals in metaphase spreads. Comparisons of interphase and metaphase FISH suggested that a fraction of cells also contained episomal vector at early time points after transduction. Despite the apparent loss of the episomal forms with continued culture, the number of metaphases containing integrated vector genomes remained stable long term. Transgene transcription and placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) expression was observed in CD34+, CD34+38−LTC-ICs in the absence of selective pressure. These results suggest that primitive myeloid progenitors are amenable to genetic modification with AAV vectors.
Spin-Coated Thin Films of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exhibiting High SCLC Hole Mobilities

High charge carrier mobilities have been greatly sought after in the development of cutting-edge organic electronic and optoelectronic devices. Although high field-effect transistor hole mobilities have been reported for solution-processed organic semiconductor thin films, their space-charge-limited current (SCLC) mobilities are still substantially lower. Herein, we report the synthesis and thin film SCLC hole mobilities of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, specifically, 2,5,8,17-tetra-tert-butyldiacenaphtho[1,2-j:1′,2′-l]fluoranthene (1), 2,5,8,11,14,17-hexa-tert-butyldiacenaphtho[1,2-j:1′,2′-l]fluoranthene (2), 2,9,12,15-tetra-tert-butylacenaphtho[1,2-j]benzo[l]fluoranthene (3), and 2,9,12,15-tetra-tert-butyl-4,5,6,7-tetraphenylacenaphtho[1,2-j]benzo[l]fluoranthene (4). Spin-coated pristine thin films of compounds 1–4 exhibit SCLC hole mobilities of 1.18 ± 0.18 × 10–3, 3.8 ± 0.9 × 10–5, 2.00 ± 0.87 × 10–3, and 2.27 ± 0.67 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1, respectively. Upon thermal annealing at 120 °C for 10 min...
Impingement, Subluxation and Abrasion Risks With 28 mm MOM

This study of retrieved 28 mm Metasul™ (cemented) revealed for the first time adverse wear effects created by impingement-subluxation in MOM. The 10 cases selected (with femoral stems) had annual follow-up 3–11 years. (1) Unequivocal evidence here shows that all heads routinely subluxed from the Metasul liners. Femoral stems revealed well-demarcated notches (DN) on necks and trunnions (Fig. 1a: n = 6), shallow cosmetic blemishes (Fig. 1b CB: n = 4), and abrasion by cement (Fig. 1b: PMMA). As demonstrated by EOS radiographs, impingement locations varied with implant positioning, pelvic mobility and patient functionality – both anterior and posterior notching (Fig. 1). The first impingement notch occurred with head located (Fig. 2a), whereas the head had subluxed from the cup at 2 nd notch (Fig. 2b). The model demonstrated that patients gained 20° motion by such head-subluxation manoeuvres. It was surprising that there was no collateral damage evident on the liners. Even with severe notching of Ti6Al4V and CoCr stems, the cup rims generally appeared well-polished. Femoral heads revealed macro-stripe damage on articular surfaces (Fig. 3), as did cups. Basal and polar macro-stripes on heads were always located at hip impingement positions. The equatorial stripes were formed at main-wear zone boundaries. Thus equatorial stripes were likely created by some form of rim-impact damage (micro-separation) or by local ingress of 3 rd -body wear particles under the cup rim. Micro-grooving was evident within these macro-size stripes and frequently featured large raised lips (Fig. 3), interpreted as signs of adverse 3 rd -body wear mechanisms, and rarely described.(2) It would appear that large metal particulates were released during MOM impingement-subluxation manoeuvres and circulated the hip joint to producing severe 3 rd -body abrasion. Gradual decomposition of such large debris to nano-sized particulates under joint loading would then produce the often-referenced ‘self polishing’ effect of CoCr. EDS studies revealed metal smears on the CoCr surfaces containing the elements of titanium alloy (Ti, Al, V). This was further evidence of impingement-subluxation manoeuvres.(1, 3) In-vivo cup wear patterns also appeared much larger than those produced in MOM simulators. Such differences likely reflected head-subluxation in vivo, whereby heads unconstrained by the subluxation maneuver were free to orbit up and even cross cup rims, i.e. “edge wear”. This appears to be the first study detailing the adverse wear mechanisms in MOM bearings. There are two limitations to our retrieval study, a) these wear results may not be representative for all MOM designs, and b) it is unknown whether such results have relevance to MOM cases continuing successfully.
Wireless sensor network in precision agriculture: A survey

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of multiple unassisted embedded devices which process and transmit data collected from different on-board physical sensors (temperature, humidity, pressure, etc.,). There are several applications in WSN such as agriculture, industrial monitoring, etc.,. In agriculture, plant diseases are regularly monitored by WSN. This survey paper explains about the existing methods and new methods and the development of WSN. Plant monitoring with the image processing and sensor networks using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based control is the new method. The figures in this paper consist of the development and progress in WSN.
Teaching and the Ethics of Literature

The piece approaches the problem of the political content of books by way of an analogy. It suggests that we see books as teachers. We should consider them as similar to the human beings who have taught us the most in life. Those teachers will offer many good things, but given that fine teachers are almost always strong and idiosyncratic personalities, they will offer us some lessons that are less than edifying. We shouldn’t throw them out for that. We should sift their lessons and learn from their best. As the Band sings it: You take what you need and you leave the rest.
Abstract 225: HSF-1 Knockout Induces Multidrug Resistance Gene (MDR1b) and Enhances Drug Extrusion in the Heart

Heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), a transcription factor of heat shock proteins, is known to interfere with the transcriptional activity of many oncogenic and anti-inflammatory factors. In the present work we have discovered that HSF-1 ablation induced multidrug resistance gene (MDR1b) in the heart and increased the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1), an ATP binding cassette that is usually associated with multidrug resistant cancer cells, and it could successfully extrude doxorubicin (Dox) to alleviate Dox-induced heart failure and reduce mortality in mice. Cardiac MRI showed that Dox-induced left ventricular dysfunction was significantly reduced in HSF-1 -/- mice. NF-B nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity were higher in Dox-treated HSF-1 -/- mice. IB, the NF-B inhibitor, was depleted due to enhanced IKK-α activity. In parallel, MDR1b gene expression and a large increase in P-gp, and lowering Dox loading were observed in HSF-1 -/- mouse hearts. However, application of the P-gp antagonist, Verapamil, increased Dox loading in HSF-1 -/- cardiomyocytes, deteriorated cardiac function in HSF-1 -/- mice, and decreased survival. MDR1 promoter activity (as determined by luciferase reporter gene assay), was higher in HSF-1 -/- cardiomyocytes, whereas a mutant MDR1 promoter with heat shock elements (HSE) mutation showed increased activity only in HSF-1 +/+ cardiomyocytes. However, deletion of both HSE and NF- κB binding motifs diminished the luciferase luminescence, suggesting that HSF-1 competitively inhibits MDR1 promoter activity. Thus, since high levels of HSF-1 is attributed to poor prognosis of cancer, systemic down regulation of HSF-1 before chemotherapy is a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate the chemotherapeutics-induced cardiotoxicity and enhance cancer prognosis.
Phase behaviour of mixtures containing antibiotics: Effect of hydrogen bonding on tetracycline partitioning

Abstract Phase equilibrium behaviour of antibiotics is important in drug design and for optimization of the recovery process in manufacturing. Aqueous/organic partitioning behaviour of a clinically important antibiotic, tetracycline is measured. The organic phase includes pure solvent n-hexane, chloroform, diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. Measurements are also made for mixed organic phase composed of n-hexane+ethyl acetate. Organic-phase partitioning increases with the hydrogen bonding tendency of the solvent in the order n-hexane
Differential Diagnosis for Nail Psoriasis

Nail involvement occurs in up to 50 % of patients with psoriasis. Although most patients experience concurrent skin involvement, 1–5 % of patients present with nail changes alone. In these patients, it can be diagnostically challenging, as psoriatic nail disease can resemble several other nail dystrophies.
Synaptic Plasticity: Neuronal Sprouting

Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive function that can be explained in part by alterations in cellular response directly affecting plasticity. The ability to learn new tasks decreases with age. On the cellular level this decrement in learning ability is reflected by alterations in synaptic responses revolving around neuritic sprouting and regression. The sprouting response is highly plastic and is modulated by intrinsic and extrinsic environmental factors via mechanisms that are common throughout an organism’s life span. All of these processes are regulated by developmental state, age, and hormonal environment, and the outcomes of these modulations on synaptic function are determined by the current environment established by past experiences.
Synthesis of trehalose dimycolate (cord factor) by a cell-free system of Mycobacteriumsmegmatis

Abstract A 105,000 x g residue fraction of Mycobacterium smegmatis contains an enzyme (acyl transferase) that transfers endogenous mycolic acid to trehalose monomycolate to yield trehalose dimycolate. This enzyme activity is stable to repeated freezing and thawing and is unaffected by the antimycobacterial drug, ethambutol. These results show that trehalose monomycolate is a direct precursor of trehalose dimycolate and suggest the presence of activated mycolic acids (acyl donor) in the cell-free system.
Abstract 3498: Regulation of AR through an FGF5 driven mechanism

Purpose To investigate the role of increasing FGF5 expression in the progression of prostate cancer and emergence of castration resistant prostate cancer. Methods Utilizing a cell line model representing different stages of prostate cancer progression, we assessed FGF5 expression and function in vitro and in vivo. We analyzed both an outcomes and progression tissue microarray (TMA) containing ~400 prostate cancer patient cores to assess FGF5 expression in a clinical setting. Results There was a significant increase in the both RNA and protein expression of FGF5 in tumorigenic cell lines compared to nontumorigenic. In TMAs that were analyzed, there was a significant increase of FGF5-positive cells across progression of prostate cancer from benign to metastatic, with the highest percentage occurring in cases of cancer. When performing gain of function experiments with recombinant FGF5 (rFGF5) or overexpression plasmids, we found that FGF5 significantly increased the proliferation of AR-positive cell lines. Conversely, in AR-negative cell lines, FGF5 inhibited proliferation. Because FGF5 is associated with stem cells and differentiation events, we next asked whether the population of FGF5 cells that increases through cancer progression could lead to molecular changes in the total population. In addition to inhibiting proliferation of AR-negative nontumorigenic BPH1 cells, rFGF5 resulted in a robust AR expression. In LNCaP, C4-2, and C4-2B rFGF5 resulted in an increase in AR expression. In C4-2 and C4-2B cells an increase in AR protein coincided with an increase in nuclear YAP1, a potent transcriptional regulator. We hypothesized that androgens could be regulating FGF5 expression in the prostate. When androgen dependent LNCaP cells are subjected to an androgen-depleted environment, FGF5 protein and RNA significantly increased within 24hrs. Additionally, when AR is stimulated using dihyrotestosterone, FGF5 protein and RNA levels significantly decreased. These effects are not observed in cell lines that do not express AR. Conclusions These results suggest that FGF5 is increased in prostate cancer progression cell lines as well as patient samples, with highest expression in aggressive cancer cores. Data also suggests that AR plays a role in the regulation of FGF5 and vice versa. These data suggest that FGF5 driven AR expression could be driven by YAP1 nuclear localization. This mechanism will be further interrogated. Citation Format: Dalton McLean. Regulation of AR through an FGF5 driven mechanism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3498.
The introduction of the medicinal partner in direct-to-consumer advertising: Viagra’s contribution to pharmaceutical fetishism and patient-as-consumer discourse in healthcare

Pfizer, manufacturer of the erectile dysfunction prescription treatment Viagra, has been a staple in the pharmaceutical advertising arena since broadcast versions of such ads became legally permissible in the United States in 1997. Given that the patent for Viagra is soon set to expire, it is important that research take a look back in an attempt to contextualize the brand’s place in shaping medicinal marketing culture. Of particular interest is the period beginning in 2014, when Viagra’s most unconventional campaign yet began using a tactic that was the first of its kind for the pharmaceutical industry. By removing the actual consumer of the medication from these ads (males), Viagra has paved the way for pharmaceutical advertising to target the medicinal partner. This manuscript reviews the first use of the medicinal partner in the pharmaceutical advertising sector, conducting a textual analysis of Viagra’s use of this mediated relationship. The medicinal partner is the pharmaceutical industry’s attempt to target a patient’s social circle in an effort to promote a discourse that suggests a medicinal remedy for a problem. This analysis describes how social meaning and relationships underlie the market transaction of obtaining a prescription, as has been previously established through the processes of medicalization and pharmaceutical fetishism. These advertisements create belief in the larger sense, meaning Pfizer is infiltrating upon the patient’s process of choice and consumption of medicinal remedies. Viagra is simultaneously encouraging male consumers to celebrate the brand while using female ambassadors to influence the decision to request medicinal intervention.
Core decompression of the femoral head for avascular necrosis: indications and results.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of core decompression in the treatment of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head. Design A case study. Setting The department of orthopedic surgery in a major university hospital. Patients All patients with AVN of the femoral head, stages I to IVA, were included regardless of the cause of the necrosis. Three hundred hips were available for analysis. The follow-up ranged from 2 to 12 years. Intervention Core decompression of the femoral head was performed with an 8-mm Michele trephine inserted from just below the greater trochanter into the centre of the necrotic lesion to within 5 mm of the articular surface. Two more trephine tracts were made with a 5-mm or 6-mm trephine. The normal portion of cancellous bone recovered from the intertrochanteric region was thinned with a rongeur and was placed loosely into the central decompression channel at the end of the procedure to serve as a graft. Main outcome measures Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs, taken immediately before surgery and at the final follow-up, clinical hip evaluation according to the Harris scoring system, and the need for total hip replacement. Results One patient sustained a subcapital fracture 1 month after surgery due to a fall. There was one case of nonfatal pulmonary embolism, one case of pneumonia and one case of thrombophlebitis of the thigh. Forty-six percent of operatively managed hips showed no radiographic progression of disease compared with only 19% of nonoperatively managed hips. Thirty-five percent of the operatively managed hips required total hip replacement compared with 77% of nonoperatively managed hips. The results in hips with early (stages I and II) AVN were only slightly better than those of hips with advanced (stages III and IVA) disease. However, the results in hips with small areas of necrosis in both stages I and II were much better than those with larger lesions; only 7% of the former group required total hip replacement after decompression and cancellous bone grafting. Conclusions Core decompression with cancellous bone grafting is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of early AVN of the femoral head. Results with this form of treatment are considerably better than those obtained in patients treated nonoperatively. Decompression with or without bone grafting is the author's treatment of choice for patients with early AVN of the femoral head.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Beacons Alone Didn't Work!

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon technology is projected to be the leading proximity technology. Various business sectors are rapidly applying it because of its automatic location sensing capabilities, low cost and high accuracy. However, understanding of how people adopt beacon-based location sensing applications is still very limited. We developed a BLE beacon based system for automating class attendance taking. Our first field study with 42 students showed that about 38% of the students adopted it. Students had several misunderstandings and concerns of the technology that challenged its adoption. We revised the design by integrating a participatory sensing approach, where users can manually check in to their class by explicitly sharing their location using GPS. We conducted a second field study with 45 students under the same instructor in the following semester. The overall adoption of the attendance taking system was increased to 80%.