cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Características de los códigos éticos y de su gestión. Un estudio exploratorio en Andalucía

El desarrollo de una economia global mas justa se ve impulsado por instrumentos de gestion como el codigo etico para regular el comportamiento o las relaciones con los grupos de interes. Por ello, es necesario conocer las caracteristicas de los codigos existentes y como se incorporan al sistema de gestion empresarial. Varias investigaciones han abordado el grado de penetracion de los codigos en las empresas espanolas, pero pocas han analizado su contenido, y menos aun son las que han profundizado en aspectos relacionados con su gestion. Por otra parte, a diferencia de otros estudios que se han basado en el analisis de contenidos, en esta investigacion se ha utilizado un cuestionario, disenado segun los aspectos que la literatura especializada ha identificado como contenidos relevantes de los codigos y de su gestion. Los resultados del estudio ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de mejorar su gestion y el predominio de codigos orientados a comunicar los valores que deben guiar el desarrollo de la actividad, si bien, atienden mas a la prevencion de malas conductas que a la recompensa de las buenas. Destaca la necesidad de mantenerlos actualizados, por motivaciones intrinsecas de las organizaciones y por implicaciones legales derivadas de la modificacion del Codigo Penal. Otras areas de mejora identificadas son la necesidad de adaptar los contenidos a las particularidades de las empresas, la difusion a traves de las paginas web, la comunicacion a otros grupos de interes, asi como la necesidad de incorporar indicadores para su evaluacion y mejorar su gestion.
Additive Manufacturing and Hot-Fire Testing of Bimetallic GRCop-84 and C-18150 Channel-Cooled Combustion Chambers Using Powder Bed Fusion and Inconel 625 Hybrid Directed Energy Deposition

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an advanced fabrication technique that is demonstrating tremendous potential to reduce fabrication lead times and costs for liquid rocket engine components. The additive manufacturing technology lends itself to fabricate components with complex features such as internal coolant channels in combustion chambers that would otherwise require complex manufacturing operations. A requirement for high performance engines is to use high conductivity, high strength materials such as copper-alloys for combustion chamber liners to provide adequate wall temperatures and meet subsequent structural margins. A further requirement of this configuration is to minimize weight by defining and fabricating material in discrete locations as required. NASA and Industry partner, Virgin Orbit, have been working to advance these technologies through development of bimetallic additive manufacturing techniques under a public-private partnership through NASA’s Announcement of Collaborative Opportunity (ACO). This partnership is advancing a bimetallic hybrid additively manufactured combustion chamber that integrates Powder Bed Fusion (PBF), specifically Selective Laser Melting (SLM), and Directed Energy Deposition (DED) blown powder techniques to optimize the chamber materials and subsequent assembly. The SLM process is being developed for the combustion chamber liner to use copper-alloys GRCop-84 (Copper-Chrome-Niobium) or C-18150 (Copper-Chrome-Zirconium). The hybrid DED blown powder technology is used to apply an integrated structural jacket and manifolds using an Inconel 625 superalloy on the outer surface of the SLM copper liner. The hybrid DED technology being used on this program is a DMG Mori Seiki AM machining center which integrates the DED blown powder with an integral subtractive (traditional) machining to minimize overall setups. A series of chambers were fabricated using these techniques with GRCop-84/Inconel 625 and C-18150/Inconel and hot-fire tested at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in LOX/Kerosene (RP-1). This paper describes the process development to integrate these AM technologies into an integrated bimetallic assembly, the design of the chamber, results from hot-fire testing, and further development.
Characteristics of an excellent orthodontic residency program.

Introduction Although unquantifiable features, such as faculty passion and dedication to teaching, play a vital role in defining the quality of residency education, determinable features that are fundamental to the definition of a “top tier” orthodontic residency program also exist. The objective of this study was to identify those features. Methods A survey with 32 items was developed and validated to assess the features of an excellent orthodontic program based on the following 3 major domains: faculty, education, and resident/graduate student/alumni. The survey was sent to 62 orthodontic residency programs in the United States. Results Thirty-nine programs (63%) completed the survey. Recurring attributes that were identified in what constitutes an excellent program included the following: an adequate number of full-time clinical orthodontic faculty, with each member providing 1 day per week clinic coverage. The average of all respondents was 4, and the range was 1-6; a healthy mix of part-time faculty members with ≥1 full-time faculty member who monitors every clinical session; 80% full-time faculty members who are American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) certified; a craniofacial faculty member; 4 residents/graduate students per each faculty member who covers a clinical session; resident/graduate student exposure to a wide range of treatment modalities and appliances; approximately 70 new case starts per resident/graduate student (50%-60% of patients who are started are debonded by the starting resident/graduate student); patients with craniofacial anomalies and orthognathic surgery patients should be started by each resident/graduate student; 1.5 operatory chairs per resident or graduate student; 1 dental assistant per 4 residents/graduate students; 1 laboratory person; 1 receptionist/secretary per 4 residents; 100% of residents/graduate students successfully completing ABO written examination upon graduation; 60% of residents/graduate students obtaining ABO certification within 5 years of graduation; 50% of residents/graduate students presenting at national meetings would be ideal; and 50% of living alumni contributing financially to the department during the past 5 years. Conclusions Based on the responses from the majority of the US orthodontic residency programs, this study has identified certain features that educators feel are ideal for an excellent orthodontic program.
Abstract 441: The Role of Brown Adipose Tissue in Aging-Induced Cardiovascular Impairments

Adults age 65 and older are the fastest-growing demographic in the United States population and pose a significant healthcare challenge. Among several other physiological changes, aging is notably ...
Ship Airwakes in Waves and Motions and Effects on Helicopter Operation

Abstract Insight into the effects of motions and waves on a ship airwake can be used to provide information regarding safe conditions for at sea flight operations and pilot training. We present a study on the effects of waves and motions on a ship's airwake and a helicopter operating above the flight deck using full scale computational fluid dynamics simulations. The ONR Tumblehome Ship (ONRT) geometry is analyzed in wind and regular head waves corresponding to nominal sea states 3 and 6. In order to separate the effects of waves and motions, simulations are conducted for both sea states with combinations of: waves and motions, waves and no motions, no waves with motions, and no motions or waves. A triple velocity decomposition is conducted in order to quantify changes in the airwake due to motions and waves. The aerodynamic loads on a helicopter hovering in the airwake are studied with one-way and two-way coupling approaches. The one-way coupled analysis uses the velocity field data from the full scale airwake simulations along with disk actuator theory to calculate thrust fluctuations for three different rotor sizes operating above the flight deck. In the two-way coupled study a helicopter loosely based on the Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk hovering above the flight deck of the ONRT is simulated, including dynamic overset grids of the main rotor, tail rotor and fuselage. This approach captures the interaction between the rotor downwash and the ONRT airwake. The study shows that for the lower sea state 3 the motions and waves have little effect on the airwake behavior, exhibiting little change with respect to the baseline case without motions and waves. At sea state 6 the flow field is modified significantly, which also affects the forces on the helicopter. Force fluctuations show main peaks at the wave encounter frequency and the blade passage frequency, as well as higher harmonics. The one-way coupling approach shows that larger rotors effectively filter out small scale fluctuations while smaller diameter rotors are affected by smaller flow structures.
Correction to: Managing Student Behavior in a Middle School Special Education Classroom Using CW-FIT Tier 1

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the funding information.
Detectability of axion dark matter with phonon polaritons and magnons

Collective excitations in condensed matter systems, such as phonons and magnons, have recently been proposed as novel detection channels for light dark matter. We show that excitation of (i) optical phonon polaritons in polar materials in an $\mathcal{O}(1\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{T})$ magnetic field (via the axion-photon coupling), and (ii) gapped magnons in magnetically ordered materials (via the axion wind coupling to the electron spin), can cover the difficult-to-reach $\mathcal{O}(1--100)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{meV}$ mass window of QCD axion dark matter with less than a kilogram-year exposure. Finding materials with a large number of optical phonon or magnon modes that can couple to the axion field is crucial, suggesting a program to search for a range of materials with different resonant energies and excitation selection rules; we outline the rules and discuss a few candidate targets, leaving a more exhaustive search for future work. Ongoing development of single photon, phonon, and magnon detectors will provide the key for experimentally realizing the ideas presented here.
Trophic basis of production of stream detritivores shifts with reduced forest inputs

Estimating changes in organic matter flow from resource to consumer using trophic basis of production (TBP) is a way to examine resource limitation effects on ecosystem function. We examined diet shifts and production of insect detritivores to assess changes with reduced detrital inputs to a forested headwater stream. Organic matter was excluded for 7 years using a canopy net. Small and large wood were removed from the stream after the 3rd and 5th year, respectively. Detritivore production declined after 3 years of litter exclusion. After wood removal, production of detritivores declined again. Steepest declines in Pycnopsyche gentilis production occurred within year 1. Tipula spp. and Tallaperla spp. production declined after wood removal. Diets shifted from leaves to wood to fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) for Tipula spp. and Tallaperla spp., but not for P. gentilis. Resource flows to detritivores shifted in the exclusion stream from leaves to wood to FPOM after leaf standing crops declined and wood removal. Small wood was an important food resource. TBP results showed shifts in food resource use by two detritivores with terrestrial input reduction. These findings suggest that maintaining diverse riparian inputs of organic matter is important for detritivore productivity in forested headwater watersheds.
National Trend of Axillary Management in Clinical T3/T4 N0 Patients Having Breast Conserving Therapy.

Abstract Background The ACOSOG Z0011 trial has essentially eliminated axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in breast conserving therapy (BCT) patients with clinical T1/T2 and 1-2 positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Currently, ALND is recommended for positive SLNs unless ACOSOG Z0011 criteria are applicable. We aimed to assess the national trends and axillary management before and after the publication of ACOSOG Z0011 for larger tumors. Methods An IRB-approved study evaluated the National Cancer Database from 2006 to 2016. Women with clinical T3/T4, N0 who otherwise fit ACOSOG Z0011 criteria were included. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy or known nodal disease was excluded. Clinicopathologic data were compared between two timeframes based on ACOSOZ Z0011 publication and by axillary management. Patients were categorized into SLNB alone (1-5 lymph nodes examined) and ALND (≥10 lymph nodes examined) groups. Results A total of 230 women fit inclusion criteria, of whom 36% underwent ALND. ALND use decreased from 54% in 2006 to 14% in 2016 (P Conclusions There is a national trend to forgo ALND in women who have tumors larger than those included in the Z0011 criteria without any clear clinicopathologic indications.
Impact of number of stimulation sites on long-lasting desynchronization effects of coordinated reset stimulation

Excessive neuronal synchrony is a hallmark of several neurological disorders, e.g., Parkinson's disease. An established treatment for medically refractory Parkinson's disease is high-frequency deep brain stimulation. However, it provides only acute relief, and symptoms return shortly after cessation of stimulation. A theory-based approach called coordinated reset (CR) has shown great promise in achieving long-lasting effects. During CR stimulation, phase-shifted stimuli are delivered to multiple stimulation sites to counteract neuronal synchrony. Computational studies in plastic neuronal networks reported that synaptic weights reduce during stimulation, which may cause sustained structural changes leading to stabilized desynchronized activity even after stimulation ceases. Corresponding long-lasting effects were found in recent preclinical and clinical studies. We study long-lasting desynchronization by CR stimulation in excitatory recurrent neuronal networks of integrate-and-fire neurons with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). We focus on the impact of the stimulation frequency and the number of stimulation sites on long-lasting effects. We compare theoretical predictions to simulations of plastic neuronal networks. Our results are important regarding CR calibration for two reasons. We reveal that long-lasting effects become most pronounced when stimulation parameters are adjusted to the characteristics of STDP-rather than to neuronal frequency characteristics. This is in contrast to previous studies where the CR frequency was adjusted to the dominant neuronal rhythm. In addition, we reveal a nonlinear dependence of long-lasting effects on the number of stimulation sites and the CR frequency. Intriguingly, optimal long-lasting desynchronization does not require larger numbers of stimulation sites.
Abstract 1047: Combinatorial benefit without synergy in recent clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors

IMPORTANCE Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs), frequently combined with other therapies, have become the standard of care for the treatment of several cancers, and hundreds of clinical trials evaluate the efficacy of novel combinations with ICI. However, it is unclear whether combination therapies truly enhance ICI activity or simply provide multiple “shots on target” for a response to occur. OBJECTIVE To assess whether ICIs in combination with other therapies result in ‘additive9 or ‘synergistic9 anti-tumor activity. The null hypothesis is independent drug action, where each patient9s response to a combination of therapies is equal to that patient9s best single-agent response. DATA SOURCES We analyzed twelve randomized-controlled clinical trials testing combinations of ICIs with other drug classes in patients with advanced cancers, including melanoma and lung, breast, gastric, kidney, and head and neck cancers. For each analysis, the clinical activity of each constituent therapy of the combination was available in the respective study population. METHODS We digitized Progression Free Survival curves for combination therapies and their constituents, and computed PFS expected for the null hypothesis of independent action by randomly sampling single-agent PFS durations (with correlation ρ=0.3±0.2 to account for cross-resistance), and assigning each simulated patient the longer of the two sampled PFS values. For each combination therapy, simulated and clinically observed PFS distributions were compared. RESULTS None of the analyzed clinical trials of ICIs in combination therapies exhibited PFS surpassing the null hypothesis of independent drug action. This suggest that there is no additive or synergistic effect in patients receiving combination therapies with ICIs. Rather, these combinations provided benefits that are largely predictable from the response probabilities of each constituent therapy. CONCLUSIONS Combining ICIs with other cancer therapies provides predictable and clinically meaningful benefit by bet-hedging: providing patients with more chances of a response to any one therapy. This implies that similar benefits may in principle result from sequential treatments or biomarker-stratified choice of treatment. This insight may be most valuable in cases where toxicity prevents full-dose combinations. Citation Format: Adam C. Palmer, Peter K. Sorger, Benjamin Izar. Combinatorial benefit without synergy in recent clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1047.
Health benefits of Il-10 egg yolk antibodies administered to milk-fed dairy calves

Cryptosporidium parvum infection in calves causes villous atrophy, resulting in reduced surface area and absorptive capacity of the small intestine. Prevention and treatment of C. parvum infections are hindered by a lack of approved, efficacious products and inadequate colostral immunity. An integral component of infection is the dampening of the cell-mediated response by inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines. In calves, ileal intraepithelial lymphocytes express interleukin-10 (Il-10) when infected with C. parvum. Interleukin-10 decreases production of interferon-gamma, which is a vital Thl-associated cytokine. Studies have shown that Il-10 knockout mice are resistant to C. parvum infection. Oral administration of chicken egg yolk antibodies as a means of controlling enteric disease in calves is of interest to the dairy industry. Egg yolk Il-10 antibodies have been shown to survive gastrointestinal transit, are accessible in the intestinal lumen, and remain locally active, without persistence of systemic residues. Therefore, the objective of this trial was to investigate the effect of feeding Il-10 antibodies on calf health and performance after natural C. parvum infection in pre-weaned Holstein dairy calves.
DENDRITIC CELL NEUROFIBROMA WITH PSEUDOROSETTES: A CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Background Dendritic cell neurofibroma with pseudorosettes, first reported in 2001, is a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor found in cutaneous tissues with a distinct histopathologic and immunohistochemical profile. Five cases have been reported in the oral cavity. Objective The sixth case of dendritic cell neurofibroma with pseudorosettes in the oral cavity with clinical and histopathologic findings and literature review is discussed. Findings A 72-year-old male patient presented with a 6-mm sessile soft tissue mass in the left soft palate. The clinical impression was fibroma, and an excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathology demonstrated an unencapsulated, well-circumscribed neural tumor composed of 2 cell populations arranged around acellular areas focally forming pseudorosettes. One cell population stained strongly positive for S100 and contained nuclei ranging in appearance from curvilinear to round; some of these cells resembled lymphocytes. The other cell population stained strongly positive for S100 and CD57 and contained vesicular nuclei and pseudoinclusions. A final diagnosis of dendritic cell neurofibroma with pseudorosettes was rendered on the basis of histologic examination with immunohistochemical analysis. Conclusions The sixth case of dendritic cell neurofibroma with pseudorosettes in the oral cavity was identified on the basis of the histopathologic and immunohistochemical profile. Five previous cases occurred in the dorsal tongue and buccal mucosa, whereas our patient's case occurred in the soft palate. Demographics of age and sex were similar for all 6 cases. This rare entity can mimic other soft tissue lesions clinically, including other benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Accurate diagnosis can render proper treatment for the patient.
An immunogenomic phenotype predicting behavioral treatment response: Toward precision psychiatry for mothers and children with trauma exposure.

Inflammatory pathways predict antidepressant treatment non-response among individuals with major depression; yet, this phenomenon may have broader transdiagnostic and transtherapeutic relevance. Among trauma-exposed mothers (Mage = 32 years) and their young children (Mage = 4 years), we tested whether genomic and proteomic biomarkers of pro-inflammatory imbalance prospectively predicted treatment response (PTSD and depression) to an empirically-supported behavioral treatment. Forty-three mother-child dyads without chronic disease completed Child Parent Psychotherapy (CPP) for roughly 9 months. Maternal blood was drawn pre-treatment, CD14 + monocytes isolated, gene expression derived from RNA sequencing (n = 34; Illumina HiSeq 4000;TruSeqcDNA library), and serum assayed (n = 43) for C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and interleukin-1s (IL-1s). Symptoms of PTSD and depression decreased significantly from pre- to post-treatment for both mothers and children (all p's < 0.01). Nonetheless, a higher pre-treatment maternal pro-inflammatory imbalance of M1-like versus M2-like macrophage-associated RNA expression (M1/M2) (s = 0.476, p = .004) and IL-1s (s=0.333, p = .029), but not CRP, predicted lesser improvements in maternal PTSD symptoms, unadjusted and adjusting for maternal age, BMI, ethnicity, antidepressant use, income, education, and US birth. Only higher pre-treatment M1/M2 predicted a clinically-relevant threshold of PTSD non-response among mothers (OR = 3.364, p = .015; ROC-AUC = 0.78). Additionally, higher M1/M2 predicted lesser decline in maternal depressive symptoms (s = 0.556, p = .001), though not independent of PTSD symptoms. For child outcomes, higher maternal IL-1s significantly predicted poorer PTSD and depression symptom trajectories (s's = 0.318-0.429, p's < 0.01), while M1/M2 and CRP were marginally associated with poorer PTSD symptom improvement (s's = 0.295-0.333, p's < 0.056). Pre-treatment pro-inflammatory imbalance prospectively predicts poorer transdiagnostic symptom response to an empirically-supported behavioral treatment for trauma-exposed women and their young children.
Frequency and influence of "not relevant" responses on the Dermatology Life Quality Index among adults with atopic dermatitis.

“Not relevant” responses (NRRs) on the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) are common among adults with psoriasis and may be associated with underestimation of disease burden. Little is known about “not relevant” responses among adults with atopic dermatitis. We aimed to examine the frequency of NRRs on the DLQI and to determine whether NRRs are associated with underestimation of disease burden among adults with atopic dermatitis. Adults with atopic dermatitis were identified and evaluated via online survey. We evaluated the frequency of NRRs on the DLQI, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. To examine the association between NRRs and other measures of disease burden, Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), Patient-Oriented SCORAD (PO-SCORAD), and Short-Form (SF)-12 scores were compared between those who responded “not relevant” versus “not at all”. Among 764 adults with atopic dermatitis, most had mild disease. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) POEM, PO-SCORAD, and DLQI scores were 5 (2–10), 24 (14–34), and 2 (1–6), respectively. Most (55.2%) also had at least one NRR, and 17.9% had 4 or more “not relevant” responses, with differences across several sociodemographic characteristics. There were no substantial differences in SF-12, POEM, and PO-SCORAD scores between those who responded “not relevant” versus “not at all”. NRRs on the DLQI are common among adults with atopic dermatitis and differ across sociodemographic characteristics, suggesting issues with content validity. There is not a clear association between NRRs and other measures of disease severity among adults with mostly mild atopic dermatitis.
Meek’s Criteria For Breakdown Examined In Air Using A Needle-To-Plate Configuration

Meeks’ criterion established a relationship between the fields around space charges in an electron avalanche and enabled prediction of the breakdown voltage across a gap given its distance and surrounding gas pressure. This criterion is reevaluated in this study for atmospheric pressure with a non-uniform electric field distribution where voltage up to 30 kV is applied to a ring-to-plate electrode configuration. The ring electrode is made of a stainless-steel needle with an inner diameter of 0.25 mm and an outer diameter of 0.51 mm, and is vertically placed above a copper grounding plate for various gap distances ranging from 1 to 14 mm. The breakdown voltage vs. gap distance and the V-I characteristics are obtained for both cathode-directed and anode-directed streamer discharges. The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with analytical predictions based on Meek’s criteria for self-propagating streamer accounting for a non-uniform electric field distribution across the gap. The results are also compared with Paschen’s law. Emergent behavior such as the negative polarity producing breakdown at progressively higher voltage than the positive polarity at gap distances greater than 6mm is discussed. This analysis concludes that Meeks’ criteria held throughout our results, overall, and offers suggestions for further refinements to related models and experiments.
Dampened dopamine‐mediated neuromodulation in prefrontal cortex of fragile X mice

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inheritable mental retardation caused by transcriptional silencing of the Fmr1 gene resulting in the absence of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). The role of this protein in neurons is complex and its absence gives rise to diverse alterations in neuronal function leading to neurological disorders including mental retardation, hyperactivity, cognitive impairment, obsessive-compulsive behaviour, seizure activity and autism. FMRP regulates mRNA translation at dendritic spines where synapses are formed, and thus the lack of FMRP can lead to disruptions in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Many of these neurological deficits in FXS probably involve the prefrontal cortex, and in this study, we have focused on modulatory actions of dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex. Our data indicate that dopamine produces a long-lasting enhancement of evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) mediated by D1-type receptors seen in wild-type mice; however, such enhancement is absent in the Fmr1 knock-out (Fmr1 KO) mice. The facilitation of IPSCs produced by direct cAMP stimulation was unaffected in Fmr1 KO, but D1 receptor levels were reduced in these animals. Our results show significant disruption of dopaminergic modulation of synaptic transmission in the Fmr1 KO mice and this alteration in inhibitory activity may provide insight into potential targets for the rescue of deficits associated with FXS.
Electron donors utilized by sulfate-reducing bacteria in eutrophic lake sediments.

Mineralization rates of 14C-labeled substrates were determined in the presence and absence of Na2MoO4, an inhibitor of sulfate reduction, in the profundal sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake. Sulfate reduction was inhibited by Na2MoO4 at all concentrations tested (0.2 to 200 mM), whereas methane production was inhibited at Na2MoO4 concentrations greater than 20 mM. Initial mineralization rates of glucose were unaffected by Na2MoO4; however, Na2MoO4 decreased the mineralization rates of lactate (58%), propionate (52%), an amino acid mixture (85%), and acetate (14%). These decreases in the rates of mineralization were attributed to inhibition of sulfate reduction. Hydrogen stimulated the reduction of 35SO42− 2.5- to 2.8-fold, demonstrating potential hydrogen oxidation by sulfate-reducing bacteria. These results indicate that sulfate reducers utilize an array of substrates as electron donors and are of potential significance to the in situ mineralization of lactate, propionate, and free amino acids in these sediments.
To lump or to split: perils of portraying Zimbabwe's whites

I am grateful to the many insightful scholars – including Andrew Hartnack in these pages – who have reviewed Whiteness in Zimbabwe: Race, Landscape, and the Problem of Belonging. The main thesis – ...
DB-Subdue: Database Approach to Graph Mining

In contrast to mining over transactional data, graph mining is done over structured data represented in the form of a graph. Data having structural relationships lends itself to graph mining. Subdue is one of the early main memory graph mining algorithms that detects the best substructure that compresses a graph using the minimum description length principle. Database approach to graph mining presented in this paper overcomes the problems – performance and scalability – inherent to main memory algorithms. The focus of this paper is the development of graph mining algorithms (specifically Subdue) using SQL and stored procedures in a Relational database environment. We have not only shown how the Subdue class of algorithms can be translated to SQL-based algorithms, but also demonstrated that scalability can be achieved without sacrificing performance.
The Anthropology of Infectious Disease: International Health Perspectives

The Anthropology of Infectious Disease: International Health Perspectives. Marcia C. Inhorn and Peter J. Brown. eds. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Gordon and Breach, 1997. 496 pp.
Genome‐wide analysis reveals conserved transcriptional responses downstream of resting potential change in Xenopus embryos, axolotl regeneration, and human mesenchymal cell differentiation

Endogenous bioelectric signaling via changes in cellular resting potential (V mem) is a key regulator of patterning during regeneration and embryogenesis in numerous model systems. Depolarization of V mem has been functionally implicated in dedifferentiation, tumorigenesis, anatomical re-specification, and appendage regeneration. However, no unbiased analyses have been performed to understand genome-wide transcriptional responses to V mem change in vivo. Moreover, it is unknown which genes or gene networks represent conserved targets of bioelectrical signaling across different patterning contexts and species. Here, we use microarray analysis to comparatively analyze transcriptional responses to V mem depolarization. We compare the response of the transcriptome during embryogenesis (Xenopus development), regeneration (axolotl regeneration), and stem cell differentiation (human mesenchymal stem cells in culture) to identify common networks across model species that are associated with depolarization. Both subnetwork enrichment and PANTHER analyses identified a number of key genetic modules as targets of V mem change, and also revealed important (well-conserved) commonalities in bioelectric signal transduction, despite highly diverse experimental contexts and species. Depolarization regulates specific transcriptional networks across all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) such as cell differentiation and apoptosis, and this information will be used for developing mechanistic models of bioelectric regulation of patterning. Moreover, our analysis reveals that V mem change regulates transcripts related to important disease pathways such as cancer and neurodegeneration, which may represent novel targets for emerging electroceutical therapies.
Formally acknowledging donor-cadaver-patients in the basic and clinical science research arena.

Historically, in the healthcare profession, cadaveric tissue has been predominantly used for teaching the architecture of the human body. It is respectful practice in scientific writing to acknowledge colleagues who have helped to collect/analyze data and prepare manuscripts; however, it appears that we have omitted to thank those that have donated themselves for any of these projects to occur. The objective of this study was to investigate the formal acknowledgment thanking those who have given the amazing gift of themselves to science. A literature search was conducted on printed and electronic anatomical and clinical journals. Anatomical and clinical conferences were attended between 2008 and 2012; posters utilizing cadaveric tissue were examined for acknowledgment. University/private institutions were contacted to ascertain if memorial services were held. Literature revealed only one journal that required acknowledgment when donor-cadaver's (DC's) were used. Poster examination revealed very few acknowledgments of DC tissue at clinical conferences. While all university programs (n = 20) held memorial services, only 6 of 20 private procurement organizations had any such event. Our surgical anatomist forefathers faced awkward conditions because cadaveric tissue was not readily available. Contemporarily, anatomists and researchers have ready access to DC's. Socially, these donations are recognized as unparalleled educational tools and gifts, yet often they are not given the appropriate recognition and are overlooked in the publishing and scientific research arena. This research suggests editors, researchers, IRB committees, nonprofit body willed programs, and for-profit procurement organizations formally recognize and/or require recognition of those who donate their bodies for research. Clin. Anat. 26:810–813, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Relative Abundance of the Juvenile Phase of the Eastern Red-Spotted Newt at Harvard Forest Prior to the Arrival of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

Abstract The invasive insect pest Adelges tsugae (Hemlock Woolly Adelgid) threatens the ecologically unique Tsuga canadensis (Eastern Hemlock)-dominated forest type throughout its range. Relatively little is known about how the loss of this forest type will affect the relative abundance of amphibians. This study assessed the relative abundance of the juvenile phase of Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens (Eastern Red-spotted Newt, Red Eft) in Eastern Hemlock-dominated stands (n = 5) and mixed deciduous stands (n = 5) at Harvard Forest in Petersham, MA, using both transect surveys of the forest floor surface (n = 368 Red Eft observations over four seasons), and intensive searches of quadrats (n = 27 Red Eft observations over two seasons). Using data from transect surveys, the average relative abundance of Red Efts was more than two times greater in Eastern Hemlock-dominated stands than in mixed deciduous stands, however the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.146). Quadrat surveys yielde...
Adrenal zonation: clues from 11β-hydroxylase and aldosterone synthase

Aldosterone and cortisol are the major mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid produced by the human adrenal. Circulating levels of angiotensin II and potassium control the adrenal production of aldosterone, while the production of cortisol is controlled mainly by adrenocorticotropin. The capacity of the adrenal cortex to differentially produce aldosterone and cortisol relies to a large degree on the expression of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and 11beta-hydroxylase (CYP11B1). CYP11B2 catalyzes the final steps in the biosynthesis of aldosterone and is expressed solely in the glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, while CYP11B1 catalyzes the final steps in the biosynthesis of cortisol and is expressed in the fasciculata/reticularis. The zonal expression of these two isozymes appears to result from transcriptional regulation of the two genes. Herein, the recent progress in defining the cellular mechanisms that regulate transcription of these two isozymes and thus the capacity of the adrenal gland to differentially produce aldosterone and cortisol is discussed.
Interactive four-dimensional segmentation of multiple image sets

We have developed a software tool for interactive visualization and 4D segmentation of multiple sets of images. The segmentation process uses a predefined anatomical template of the structure of interest represented as a polygonal mesh in 3D. This can be obtained from a library of normal or diseased anatomies, or if available, a surface generated from the patient's previous studies can be used. The user then deforms the template so that it correctly delineates the region of interest in the underlying images. These deformations can be constrained to maintain spatial and temporal smoothness as is expected in the underlying anatomy. A unique feature of this analysis package is that multiple non-coplanar image sets can be used concurrently to generate accurate contours. This feature is particularly useful in contouring long axis and short axis images of the heart simultaneously. By generating a reliable segmentation from a substrate of images in space and time, we can automatically contour the structure in the remaining images through appropriate interpolation, and thereby significantly reduce the total segmentation time.
Differentiating psychopathy from antisocial personality disorder: a triarchic model perspective.

Background The triarchic model of psychopathy characterizes the disorder in terms of three distinguishable phenotypic facets: disinhibition, meanness and boldness. The present study sought to (1) inform current debates regarding the role of boldness in the definition of psychopathy and (2) clarify boundaries between psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Method This study evaluated the degree to which facets of the triarchic model are represented in the most widely used clinical inventory for psychopathy, the Psychopathy Checklist – Revised (PCL-R), in comparison with ASPD as defined by DSM-IV criteria. Adult male offenders from two distinct correctional settings (n = 157 and 169) were investigated to ensure replicability of findings across samples exhibiting high base rates of psychopathy and antisocial behavior. Results We found evidence for convergent and discriminant validity of the three triarchic facets in predicting symptomatic components of psychopathy as assessed by the PCL-R. Additionally, and crucially vis-a-vis current debates in the field, we found that boldness contributed incrementally (over and above disinhibition and meanness) to prediction of PCL-R psychopathy, in particular its interpersonal style component, but not ASPD. Conclusions The three distinct facets of the triarchic model of psychopathy are represented clearly and distinctly in the PCL-R, with boldness through its interpersonal facet, but not in DSM-defined ASPD. Our findings suggest that boldness is central to diagnostic conceptions of psychopathy and distinguishes psychopathy from the more prevalent diagnosis of ASPD.
The distribution of sterols and steryl esters in the banana plant

Abstract The sterol and steryl ester compositions of the stalk, leaves and rhizome of the banana plant are very similar, although the relative amounts vary between tissues. Cycloeucalenol, cycloartenol and 24-methylenecycloartanol are found in the free form and in the esterified form, primarily as esters of palmitic acid. Stigmasterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol are also present, primarily in the free form.
Observations on the husbandry, breeding and behaviour of the Indian python

Social behaviour and reproductive biology are reported for a group of 3.2 Indian pythons Python molurus molurus at the National Zoological Park, Washington, DC. Details of the python enclosure and the conditions provided for artificial incubation are also described. Twenty-two fertile eggs were laid by one wild-hatched ♀ and the clutch was removed for artificial incubation in two slate-bottomed aquariums. Ambient temperature during incubation ranged from 26.7 to 32.2°C, while temperatures in the aquariums ranged from 27.2 to 32.2°C. Sixteen young hatched successfully. Temperature appears to play a critical role in hatching success and coloration of the hatchlings, and this parameter is discussed.
Life circumstances and public policies for young children in immigrant families

Young children, birth through eight, are more diverse than other age groups in the United States. They are more likely to be first- or second-generation immigrants and, as a consequence, more likely to belong to racial-ethnic groups originating outside European nations. Many also live with parents whose heritage language is not English. For these reasons, children in immigrant families merit special attention by policy-makers, program administrators, and others who have responsibility for assuring that the young children of today become competent students, workers, citizens, and parents in the years ahead. The development of effective policies and programs for all children and families depends on having information about their life circumstances, including their family composition, education, work, income, and housing, and for immigrants, also their country of origin, citizenship, and language skills. This article presents new results from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey for 2005, 2006, and 2007, reflecting important life circumstances of young children in immigrant families, compared to those in native-born families. We present new population projections from the U.S. Census Bureau, which highlight the increasingly important role that children of immigrants will play in the economy and civil society during the coming decades. We then discuss implications for the design and implementation of effective policies and programs.
Corticotropin-releasing factor inhibits gastric emptying in dogs

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on the gastric emptying of a saline meal in conscious dogs. Intravenous infusion of CRF (220-880 pmol . kg-1 . h-1), induced a significant linear dose dependent inhibition of gastric emptying (16-71%). CRF action was not modified by naloxone and not associated with vomiting or other side effects. Intravenous infusion of sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8, 50-200 pmol . kg-1 . h-1) inhibited gastric emptying by 29-52%. The relative potency of CRF with respect to CCK-8 is 4 times less. These studies demonstrated that CRF given intravenously in picomolar amount inhibits gastric emptying of a liquid meal in dogs through a mechanism unrelated to opiates. The role of endogenous CRF in stress-induced inhibition of gastric emptying needs to be investigated.
A potential biological approach for sustainable disposal of total dissolved solid of brine in civil infrastructure

Abstract To meet growing water demand, more water is being harvested from nontraditional sources like brackish water from underground aquifers which contain total dissolved solids (TDS). Drinkable water is produced by separating TDS from water through desalination which typically produces 50–90% potable water and the remaining water (brine) is disposed in evaporation ponds or by injecting it below the ground surface, which is not sustainable. In this study, it was proposed to use TDS partially in place of sand to prepare mortar for possible application in highway infrastructure like fill material in vertical moisture barriers or embankments, etc. Since addition of TDS weakens the integrity of the cement matrix, fly ash and mutated aerobic bacteria were added to the cement matrix. Mortar specimens were subjected to strength and durability tests. Additionally, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope tests were performed on mortar specimens. The preliminary test results indicated that fly ash and microorganism application not only improves the strength and durability, but these also stabilize TDS present in the mortar.
Seemly economy: L’Argent’s aesthetic currency

This essay argues that Robert Bresson’s final film L’Argent (1983) refuses to differentiate between financial and spiritual models of ‘redemption’. Almost every commentator on L’Argent insists that the film establishes a stark contrast between the economic circulation of value in money and the genuine value of human life, and that it aims to strip away the structures of legitimation by which capitalist ideology attempts to conceal or justify exploitation. In this reading, the film is a demystifying protest against the capitalist economy’s violation of the sanctity of human life. But a careful assessment of L’Argent’s aesthetic suggests instead that it works to include the value of human life within the purview of economic circulation, not because life is not especially valuable, but because no notion of value can evade economic considerations. L’Argent stages the drama of value in spatial terms. Starting from a rigorously anonymous and depersonalized kind of space that it associates with late-capitalist P...
Purification and some properties of phospho‐β‐galactosidase from the Gram‐negative oral bacterium Leptotrichia buccalis ATCC 14201

Abstract Phospho-β-galactosidase (P-β-gal; EC 3.2.1.85) is induced during growth of Leptotrichia buccalis ATCC 14201 on lactose and lactulose. The enzyme has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity (Mr∼53 kDa, pI∼4.8), and kinetic parameters have been determined using the chromogenic analog o-nitrophenyl-β- D -galactopyranoside-6-phosphate as substrate. Both ATP and galactose-6-phosphate are inhibitors of P-β-gal activity. Microsequence analysis has identified the first 32 residues from the N-terminus of the protein, and by comparative sequence alignment the enzyme can be assigned to Family 1 of the glycosylhydrolase superfamily. Polyclonal antibody against the enzyme permits the highly specific immuno-detection of P-β-gal in cell-free extracts of L. buccalis. Although described previously in several Gram-positive species, this is the first reported purification of P-β-gal from a Gram-negative organism.
Review: The Effect of Parenteral Nutrition on Hepatic Cytochrome P-450

Background Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been shown to affect liver function tests. Additional investigations in animals and humans have demonstrated that hepatic cytochrome P-450 content and enzyme activity are also affected. Methods To review the literature on the effect of TPN on hepatic cytochrome P-450, an English-language literature search was performed using MEDLINE (1966 through 1993). Results Studies in laboratory rats show that administration of dextrose, with or without amino acids, decreases the cytochrome P-450 content and the in vitro or in vivo microsomal oxidation rates of various drugs. The addition of lipid emulsions to TPN decreases oxidation rates for meperidine demethylase but does not affect ethoxyresorufin deethylase. Using immunoquantitation, it was shown that the components of TPN selectively affect specific hepatic P-450 enzymes. In humans, dextrose decreases antipyrine clearance, whereas amino acids and possibly lipids increase antipyrine clearance. However, the effects of protein-calorie malnutrition in these studies obscure the results. Conclusions Possible mechanisms for the reduction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 seen during TPN administration include altered gastrointestinal hormone response, mucosal barrier, and the effect of sepsis. Additional studies are needed to determine the actual mechanisms of hepatic cytochrome P-450 reduction observed during TPN.