cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of the rule base for a design automation system for SAW filters using bidirectional transducers

A design automation system, called SAWCOM, has been developed for the noninteractive design and analysis of SAW (surface acoustic wave) filters using bidirectional transducers. Such a system increases productivity by reducing filter design time while increasing design accuracy. The SAWCOM system takes as input a high-level performance specification of the SAW filter to be designed, as well as parameters pertaining to substrate availability and fabrication capabilities, and then begins a synthesis-analysis-verification cycle which continues until all design alternatives that meet the specifications are found, within the constraints of the SAWCOM system. To determine the filter's design parameters, the system uses a set of design rules implemented in the PROLOG language. >
A NEW DIRECT DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD WITH SYMMETRIC STRUCTURE FOR NONLINEAR DIFFUSION EQUATIONS

In this paper we continue the study of discontinuous Galerkin nite element methods for nonlinear diusion equations following the direct discontinuous Galerkin (DDG) methods for diusion problems [17] and the direct discontinuous Galerkin (DDG) methods for diusion with interface corrections [18]. We introduce a numerical ux for the test function, and obtain a new direct discontinuous Galerkin method with symmetric structure. Second order derivative jump terms are included in the numerical ux formula and explicit guidelines for choosing the numerical ux are given. The constructed scheme has a symmetric property and an optimalL 2 (L 2 ) error estimate is obtained. Numerical examples are carried out to demonstrate the optimal (k + 1)th order of accuracy for the method with P k polynomial approximations for both linear and nonlinear problems, under one-dimensional and two-dimensional settings.
Epitaxial growth of magnetic-oxide thin films

In this chapter we review recent developments and major classes of phenomena in epitaxial magnetic-oxide thin films. As part of this we highlight major classes of magnetic oxides and types of magnetism common in these materials, explore thin-film phenomena including strain and size effects, investigate superlattice and multilayer structures and coupling, discuss common measurement techniques for magnetic-oxide thin films, introduce a number of devices and applications based on these materials, and provide some brief thoughts on future directions in the field.
Reduced Social Network Drinking is Associated with Improved Response Inhibition in Women During Early Recovery from Alcohol Use Disorders: A Pilot Study

Background Social support for recovery from alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is associated with improvements in self-reported impulsive behavior in individuals treated for AUDs. We build on these findings using a behavioral task-based measure of response inhibition, a well-defined component of impulsivity, to examine the association of disinhibition with alcohol-specific social network characteristics during early recovery. Methods Women (n = 28) were recruited from treatment for AUD within 3 to 4 weeks of their last drink and were assessed at baseline and again 3 months later. Outcome measures were level of disinhibition at baseline and change in disinhibition from baseline to follow-up, measured using a computer-based continuous performance test. The primary independent variables were level of drinking in the social network at baseline and change in network drinking from baseline to follow-up. Results The sample [50% black, age M (SD) = 42.3 (9.5)] reported high rates of physical and sexual abuse before age 13 (43%), psychiatric disorder (71%), drug use disorder (78%), and previous treatment (71%). More drinking in participants' social networks was associated with greater disinhibition at baseline (β = 12.5, 95% CI = 6.3, 18.7). A reduction in network drinking from baseline to follow-up was associated with reduced disinhibition (β = −6.0, 95% CI = −11.3, −0.78) independent of IQ, recent alcohol consumption, and self-reported negative urgency. Conclusions This study extends previous findings of an association between social networks and self-reported impulsivity to a neurobehavioral phenotype, response inhibition, suggesting that abstinence-supporting social networks may play a role in cognitive change during early recovery from AUDs.
Monitoring Large Superconducting Magnets Using Acoustic Emission Technology

Acoustic Emission (AE) techniques are used to study the structural integrity of large superconducting magnets, particularly of fusion-device scale. The Large Coil Task (LCT) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory is designed to test six large superconducting coils in a tokamak configuration. We have used the LCT to explore long-term trends in AE characteristics and to develop improved methods for data acquisition and processing. Thirty differential AE sensors were strategically mounted onto the General Dynamics LCT Coil. This coil and the JAERI coil were tested during the Partial Array Test in the summer of 1984. Since the General Dynamics coil has not failed at this time, it is not possible to determine finally which AE parameters will best characterize magnet performance. Presented here are spatial distributions of AE trends which were observed and can be expected for this style of superconducting coil.
Two‐Dimensional Advection‐Diffusion Equations with Constant Limiting Solutions

We study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of two-component systems of equations in two dimensions that are related to the steady streamfunction-vorticity equations for large values of the Reynolds number. In particular, we determine the value of the constant limiting “vorticity” under certain circumstances.
Water uptake in stimulated cat skeletal muscle

Isolated vasodilated cat hindlimb skeletal muscles were perfused at constant flow and stimulated at 4 Hz for 2-4 min in three studies. Water uptake rates were measured gravimetrically or calculated from venous protein concentration changes. Venous plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, and osmolality were also measured. Maximum water uptake rates averaged 1.8 +/- 0.2 (SE) ml.min-1 x 100 g-1, reaching twice that in some experiments. Water uptake continued after stimulation had ceased. Constant-flow perfusion maintained a constant capillary pressure that was corroborated by measurements of arterial and venous perfusate pressures. Water uptake rate was not influenced by hematocrit but was highly correlated with plasma flow rate. The evidence strongly suggests that small-molecule osmotic pressure was the primary pressure causing the transcapillary water flux. Venous plasma sodium and chloride concentrations increased almost as much as protein (108 and 87% of the protein increase, respectively), as would be expected when water fluxes are driven by small-molecule osmotic pressure. Peak potassium efflux averaged 36 +/- 3 mu eq.min-1 x 100 g-1, but potassium did not contribute significantly to the osmotic gradient.
Stream Enrichment from Farm Operations

Data for a 3-yr period, 1967 to 1969, show the effect of applying manure at various times of the year on the plant nutrients lost in surface runoff. Two of these years, 1967 and 1968, probably represent the extremes with regard to nutrient losses from winter manure applications. The December to March runoff from rain and melting snow was about 3 in. in 1967 and 1969, but only 0.08 in. in 1968. A rain of 0.75 in. on bare frozen ground within 2 hr after the 1967 winter manure application produced a 100% runoff and high nutrient losses. Plots receiving no manure lost more plant nutrients, N, P, than those receiving manure which was incorporated into the soil immediately after application. Plots receiving winter manure lost nearly 3 times as much N and P and about 5 times as much K as the summer manured plots.
Investigation of the Temperature-Dependent Surface Morphology of p-Sexiphenyl Thin Films on KCl(001)

Investigation into the temperature dependence of the surface morphology of a thin film of p-sexiphenyl (p-6P) on KCl(001) was carried out by atomic force microscopy (AFM). An individual p-6P film was prepared by vapor deposition at a base pressure of ∼1x10 -8 mbar onto a KCl(001) surface which was maintained at 323 K during deposition. The AFM was carried out in a separate vacuum chamber, in situ , at a base pressure of ∼1x10 -6 mbar. The p-6P film was cooled and maintained at discrete temperatures in the range from 294 K to 128 K as AFM measurements were performed. Similar surface morphologies are observed for film temperatures maintained at 294, 264, and 227 K, and 188 and 128 K during the AFM measurements. AFM images for the first set of film temperatures (294 - 227 K) indicate the presence of block-like islands of p-6P, with well-defined crystallite boundaries. AFM images of the films in the second set (188 and 128 K) indicate the presence of triangular wedge-shaped structures of p-6P preferentially aligned nearly in the direction of the [110] KCl . Comparison of these wedge-shaped structures at the indicated film temperatures reveals they are rotated by approximately 180° with respect to each other. Subsequent images of the surface of the p-6P film captured again at 294 K, after the final 128 K temperature study was completed, revealed the same surface features found for the initial 294 K film temperature.
The role of protein C and thrombomodulin in the regulation of blood coagulation

The protein C anticoagulant pathway represents a newly described system for investigating the regulation of blood coagulation. A role for protein C in clinial thrombosis has been suggested by recent findings that patients with 50% normal levels of protein C are at rick of thrombosis and that protein C levels decrease markedly during intravascular coagulation. The data presented here suggest that deficiencics in protein S, thrombomodulin, or the platelet receptor for activated protein C might also result in a thrombotic tendency. The interplay among the cellular, vascular and humoral components in this system suggest that the protein C anticoagulant pathway may be perturbed by a variety of disease processes. Certainly, the system provides a new approach to investigate the molecular basis of thrombotic disease.
Kasner's Invariant and Trihornometry

(1938). Kasner's Invariant and Trihornometry. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 82-87.
Some new results related to -stability

Motivated by a recent work of Hershkowitz and Mashal, we introduce here the notions of additive -stability and -matrices, with being a partition of , extending those of additive D-stability and nonsingular -matrices. Several new results are developed, connecting additive -stability and the -matrix property to the existing results on matrix stability involving . Some differences between these types of matrix stability and the conventional matrix stability are pointed out as well. An open problem concerning -matrices is proposed.
Capillary Electrophoresis of MiniSTR Markers to Genotype Highly Degraded DNA Samples

The amplification of short tandem repeat (STR) markers throughout the human nuclear DNA genome are used to associate crime scene evidence to the perpetrator's profile in criminal investigations. For highly challenged or compromised materials such as stains exposed to the elements, skeletal remains from missing persons cases, or fragmented and degraded samples from mass disasters, obtaining a full STR profile may be difficult if not impossible. With the introduction of short amplicon STR or "miniSTR" typing, it is possible to obtain STR genetic information from highly challenged samples without the need to sequence the hypervariable regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome. Non-Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) STR markers have been developed to obtain information beyond the core CODIS loci. This chapter will focus on the steps necessary to prepare and use one of the non-CODIS (NC) multiplexes, NC01 (Coble and Butler 2005), for analysis on capillary electrophoresis instrumentation.
Peritoneal Dialysis in Fulminant Hepatic Failure

None of the modes of temporary liver support seems to improve survival in fulminant hepatic failure complicated by “grade four” coma. The authors assessed the efficacy of rapid exchange peritoneal ...
Molecular basis of pulmonary oxygen toxicity.

The basic processes involved in pulmonary oxygen injury are reviewed in this article. The concept of partially reduced oxygen species—oxygen radicals—is reviewed, and the mechanisms that generate these potentially injurious species are examined. Intracellular sources of free radicals are discussed, including cytosolic enzymes, mitochondrial electron transport systems, endoplasmic reticulum, and the nucleus. The last section describes the specific tissue reactions of reactive oxygen species that damage cells and effect cellular functions.
A Photographic Walk in Veterinary Cryosurgery

This abstract is an iconographic description of veterinary cryosurgery as experienced by Dr. Bobby Limmer, an experienced dermatologist and expert cryosurgeon.
Evaluation of FOFEM fuel loading and consumption estimates in pine-oak forests and woodlands of the Ouachita Mountains, Arkansas, USA

Accurate fuel load and consumption predictions are important to estimate fire effects and air pollutant emissions. The FOFEM (First Order Fire Effects Model) is a commonly used model developed in the western United States to estimate fire effects such as fuel consumption, soil heating, air pollutant emissions, and tree mortality. However, the accuracy of the model in the eastern United States has not been well tested. As a result, managers are turning to locally collected data sets from eastern forests to improve the accuracy of FOFEM and other models. FOFEM lacks local fuel load and consumption data for the Ouachita Mountains, an area with nearly 50,000 ha prescribe burned annually. In this study, we compared fuel loads and consumption using field-collected data with data predicted by FOFEM. We determined fuel loads before and after 15 prescribed fires by sampling live fuels, down woody debris, litter, and duff in three cover types (oak forest, pine-oak forest, and pine woodland) on the Ouachita National Forest in Arkansas. Default estimates of litter and duff fuel load in FOFEM were up to 346 and 1,307% greater than field estimates, respectively. FOFEM estimates of 10-hour, 1-hour, and litter fuel consumption were up to 182, 150, and 46% greater, respectively, than field-measured consumption. These overestimations of fuel load and consumption could result in overpredictions of air pollutant emissions and reduce the area of habitat restored and maintained by prescribed burning as fire managers seek to comply with air quality standards.
Investigation into the microscopic mechanisms influencing convective heat transfer of water flow in graphene nanochannels

Abstract Convection heat transfer is assessed for laminarly flowing liquid water through graphene nanochannels via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The use of MD simulations allows for direct assessment of the minute details and mechanisms influencing overall heat transfer behaviors within our study; despite the presence of unrealistic axial conduction from temperature resetting and periodic boundary conditions within MD, hydrodynamically and thermally fully-developed water flow conditions are observed. It is indicated that the physics of convective heat transfer deviate from traditional macroscale theory as the no-slip boundary condition is violated with dimensional sizes descending towards the nanoscale; investigation into hydrodynamic slip and thermal slip, termed microscopic mechanisms, is performed for their influence on nanoscale convective outcomes. The parameters of graphene-water interaction strength, channel height, water velocity, and wall temperature are manipulated to evaluate resultant convection behaviors while comparing the effects of differing magnitudes of microscopic mechanisms imposed under various test conditions. This study finds microscopic interfacial mechanisms to significantly augment momentum and thermal behaviors and thus the conduct of convective heat transfer. Hydrodynamic and thermal slip are strongly correlated in all test case scenarios with the exception of velocity manipulation; the influence of thermal slip is found to dominate over that of hydrodynamic slip as surface advection is insignificant in high heat flux environments. Convective performance correlation is suggested as the ratio of thermal slip length to system size.
Increased Access to Professional Interpreters in the Hospital Improves Informed Consent for Patients with Limited English Proficiency.

Language barriers disrupt communication and impede informed consent for patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) undergoing healthcare procedures. Effective interventions for this disparity remain unclear. Assess the impact of a bedside interpreter phone system intervention on informed consent for patients with LEP and compare outcomes to those of English speakers. Prospective, pre-post intervention implementation study using propensity analysis. Hospitalized patients undergoing invasive procedures on the cardiovascular, general surgery or orthopedic surgery floors. Installation of dual-handset interpreter phones at every bedside enabling 24-h immediate access to professional interpreters. Primary predictor: pre- vs. post-implementation group; secondary predictor: post-implementation patients with LEP vs. English speakers. Primary outcomes: three central informed consent elements, patient-reported understanding of the (1) reasons for and (2) risks of the procedure and (3) having had all questions answered. We considered consent adequately informed when all three elements were met. We enrolled 152 Chinese- and Spanish-speaking patients with LEP (84 pre- and 68 post-implementation) and 86 English speakers. Post-implementation (vs. pre-implementation) patients with LEP were more likely to meet criteria for adequately informed consent (54% vs. 29%, p = 0.001) and, after propensity score adjustment, had significantly higher odds of adequately informed consent (AOR 2.56; 95% CI, 1.15–5.72) as well as of each consent element individually. However, compared to post-implementation English speakers, post-implementation patients with LEP had significantly lower adjusted odds of adequately informed consent (AOR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16–0.91). A bedside interpreter phone system intervention to increase rapid access to professional interpreters was associated with improvements in patient-reported informed consent and should be considered by hospitals seeking to improve care for patients with LEP; however, these improvements did not eliminate the language-based disparity. Additional clinician educational interventions and more language-concordant care may be necessary for informed consent to equal that for English speakers.
EARLY INVASIVE STRATEGY AND IN-HOSPITAL SURVIVAL OF DIABETICS WITH NON-ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A CONTEMPORARY NATIONAL INSIGHT

Background: The influence of an early invasive strategy on short-term survival of diabetics with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) is unclear. We aimed to determine if an early invasive strategy led to improved in-hospital mortality in those patients. Methods: The National
Trends in pneumococcal meningitis hospitalizations following the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the United States.

Abstract Background The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced in 2010 in the U.S. and its impact on pneumococcal meningitis (PM) is unknown. We assessed the impact of PCV13 on PM hospitalization rates 4 years after the vaccine was introduced. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample from 2008–2014. Patients with an ICD-9-CM code for PM (320.1) were identified and rates calculated using US Census data as the denominator. Data weights were used to derive national estimates. We examined three time periods: 2008–2009 (late post-PCV7), 2010 (transition year), and 2011–2014 (post-PCV13). Results During the study period, there were 10,493 hospitalizations due to PM in the U.S. Overall, PM incidence decreased from 0.62 to 0.38 cases per 100,000 over this time (39% decrease; P Conclusion Following the introduction of PCV13, hospitalization rates for PM decreased significantly with no subsequent improvements in case-fatality rate.
Informing Autonomous System Design Through the Lens of Skill-, Rule-, and Knowledge-Based Behaviors:

A framework is presented that relates skill-, rule-, and knowledge-based reasoning to expertise and uncertainty. This taxonomy is designed to help people from various technical backgrounds conceptu...
A Genome-Wide Association Study of Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy in African Americans

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) is the most common form of non-ischemic chronic heart failure. Despite the higher prevalence of IDC in African Americans, the genetics of IDC have been relatively understudied in this ethnic group. We performed a genome-wide association study to identify susceptibility genes for IDC in African Americans recruited from five sites in the U.S. (662 unrelated cases and 1167 controls). The heritability of IDC was calculated to be 33% (95% confidence interval: 19–47%; p = 6.4 × 10−7). We detected association of a variant in a novel intronic locus in the CACNB4 gene meeting genome-wide levels of significance (p = 4.1 × 10−8). The CACNB4 gene encodes a calcium channel subunit expressed in the heart that is important for cardiac muscle contraction. This variant has not previously been associated with IDC in any racial group. Pathway analysis, based on the 1000 genes most strongly associated with IDC, showed an enrichment for genes related to calcium signaling, growth factor signaling, neuronal/neuromuscular signaling, and various types of cellular level signaling, including gap junction and cAMP signaling. Our results suggest a novel locus for IDC in African Americans and provide additional insights into the genetic architecture and etiology.
Snowpack and the Subnivean Environment for Different Aspects of an Open Meadow in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, U.S.A.*

Snowpack characteristics of an open meadow habitat were examined by students of the Teton Science School's Winter Ecology Course. Characteristics evaluated are inherent in snowpacks throughout circumpolar regions. Snowpits were sampled for 9 yr on a north-facing slope, a valley bottom, and a south-facing slope (situated in the same locations all years). Snow was deepest on the north-facing slope and shallowest on the valley bottom each year. Snowpack thermal index values less than 200 in some years in the valley bottom and on the south-facing slope indicated a possible failure to provide temperature buffering of the nivean environment. Despite lower air temperatures, ground temperatures of the north-facing slope snowpits appear to be higher than the other two aspects, especially in colder years. Temperature gradient snow (TG, depth hoar, or pukak) was well developed in all years for all aspects. We speculate that the depth of formation of cohesionless TG crystals has been sufficient for small mammal movem...
New Skills to Reduce Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Young Adolescents

* Abbreviation: STI — : sexually transmitted infection The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and pregnancy among teenagers in the United States remains higher than in other developed countries.1 New HIV infections occur particularly among sexual minority youth,2 and STIs disproportionately affect African American and Latino youth.1,2 In this issue of Pediatrics , Houck et al3 make an important contribution to our understanding of strategies to reduce risk of STIs and HIV among teenagers by testing the impact of an after-school intervention that is used to address emotional regulation skills within the context of decision-making about sexual behaviors. The intervention is designed to help young people recognize the relationship between emotions and behaviors and regulate positive and negative emotions during moments of sexual decision-making using 3 specific strategies (“get out,” “let it out,” and “think it out”). Games and role-plays enable teenagers to practice the strategies in risk scenarios. The twelve 1 hour-long, small-group, single-sex sessions also included comprehensive information about sexual health and were followed by 6- and 12-month boosters. The comparison group was matched for time and … Address correspondence to Carol A. Ford, MD, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4399. E-mail: fordc{at}email.chop.edu
Toward Autonomous Mining of the Sensor Web

The Sensor Web provides an interoperable way to discover, task, and retrieve sensor data over the network. The approach to knowledge discovery from the Sensor Web needs to explore data ingestion, domain models, and data processing. This chapter leverages recent advances in autonomous control and the Semantic Web technologies to present a systematic approach in which the Sensor Web and Earth science models are annotated with semantic metadata and chained together in an autonomous way as a service chain to simulate the process of Sensor Web mining based on semantic inference. This approach significantly advances sensor data exploration with semantics in an interoperable way to improve the accuracy and timeliness of monitoring and predicting rapidly changing Earth phenomena.
Applications of in Vivo EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging in Cancer Research

Among the most compelling aspects of cancer pathophysiology is that of tissue and tumor oxygenation. The absence of oxygen appears to pre dispose normal tissues to mutagenesis. The normal pattern of angiogenesis, necessary for tissue growth and healing, occurs in tumors but has a markedly different pattern. This generates significant hypoxia within tumors. Oxygen appears to potentiate cancer therapies and its absence renders malignant cell nests resistant to many therapies. Radiation therapy is chosen as a focus because of the extensive literature in its interaction with oxygen. In vivo EPR spectroscopy and EPR imaging promise insight into the pre-treatment status of an individual patient and into the response of that patient to cancer therapies.
Scalable Synthesis of (−)-Rasfonin Enabled by a Convergent Enantioselective α-Hydroxymethylation Strategy

A scalable synthesis of the potent antitumor agent, (−)-rasfonin, has been achieved. The synthetic strategy features a highly convergent approach based on a single protocol construction of both major fragments via catalytic enantioselective α-hydroxymethylation of simple aliphatic aldehydes. The route described has been successful in the generation of gram quantities of the natural product and serves as the first synthetic strategy to provide sufficient material to continue studies related to its mechanism of action and potential as a cancer therapeutic.
Outcomes Comparison Between Ligation and Repair after Major Lower Extremity Venous Injury.

Background The necessity of repair remains controversial after major lower extremity venous injuries (MLEVIs). Ligation may cause venous hypertension which should be managed with fasciotomies. Previous studies have shown that fasciotomy rate is not affected by the type of management of MLEVIs. The aim of this study was to examine the rate of fasciotomy, amputation, and other complications from a difference between ligation and repair of MLEVIs. Methods The National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) for 2010–2014 was reviewed. Eligible patients were restricted to MLEVI patients who underwent surgical ligation or repair. Data on demographics, rate of fasciotomy, secondary amputation, and other complications were collected. Comparative analysis between ligation and repair on demographics, complications, and outcomes was performed using multivariate logistic regression models. Results A total of 2120 patients were identified in NTDB and 1029 (48.5%) underwent ligation while 1091 (51.5%) underwent repair. The overall rate of fasciotomy and secondary amputation was 38.9% (n = 824) and 4.8% (n = 101), respectively. Patients in the ligation group had a higher proportion of university hospital setting and penetrating injury. Otherwise, there was no significant difference in other characteristics between the 2 groups. Patients in the ligation group had significantly higher rates of fasciotomy and secondary amputation and longer hospital length of stay (LOS) than those in the repair group (44.6% vs. 33.5%, risk ratio [RR] 1.33, 6.1% vs. 3.4%, RR 1.81, 11 [6–20] vs. 9 [5–17], respectively). Otherwise, there was no significant difference in all other complications and in-hospital mortality between 2 groups. Conclusions The fasciotomy rate was surprisingly high and affected by venous ligation in patients with MLEVIs. Considering the overall physiological condition, trauma surgeons should perform venous repair aggressively and prepare judiciously for fasciotomy after surgery. Avoiding venous ligation and maintaining venous outflow may contribute to not only reducing the need for fasciotomy and LOS but also saving limbs.
Diabetic Retinopathy in Hispanics: A Perspective on Disease Burden

Abstract Purpose To describe how the United States Hispanic population is affected by diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to identify existing barriers to screening and care. Design Evidence-based Perspective. Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature search in PubMed for studies addressing Hispanics and DR. We also included studies related to Hispanic population characteristics and healthcare coverage. Results Hispanics with DM are significantly more affected by DR compared to non-Hispanic whites with DM. Hispanics in the United States face specific barriers to DR screening and treatment including language barriers, health insurance coverage, and socioeconomic issues. Conclusions Hispanics are a growing segment of the United States population. The impact of DR on Hispanics is a major public health concern. Understanding key issues affecting Hispanics is crucial to the development of solutions to minimize disease burden.
The pervasiveness of colonial identity in Lucie Cousturier’s travels to West Africa

This article examines the travel narratives by the French painter and writer Lucie Cousturier, Mes inconnus chez eux: Mon amie Fatou, citadine and Mes inconnus chez eux: Mon ami Soumare, laptot (19...
Adapting and coping with climate change in temperate forests

Abstract A growing body of research documents how individuals respond to local impacts of global climate change and a range of policy efforts aim to help individuals reduce their exposure and improve their livelihoods despite these stressors. Yet there is still limited understanding of how to determine whether and how adaptation is occurring. Through qualitative analysis of focus group interviews, I evaluated individual behavioral responses to local forest stressors that can arguably be linked to global climate change among landowners in the Upper Midwest, USA. I found that landowner responses were planned as well as autonomous, more proactive than reactive, incremental rather than transformational, and aimed at being resilient to change and transitioning to new conditions, rather than resisting change alone. Many of the landowners’ responses can be considered forms of adaptation, rather than coping, because they were aimed at moderating and avoiding harm on long time horizons in anticipation of change. These findings stand in contrast to the short-term, reactive, and incremental responses that current socio-psychological theories of adaptation suggest are more typical at the individual level. This study contributes to scientific understanding of how to evaluate behavioral adaptation to climate change and differentiate it from coping, which is necessary for developing conceptually rigorous analytical frameworks to guide research and policy.
Dissolution of the Bund

With the resignation of Prime Minister Kishi, the “season of politics” ended, and the Japanese were starting to face toward the “season of economics” with their energy poured into high rates of growth. The activists of the Bund had lost their goal and their way of thinking was in disarray.
Accuracy in Deep Brain Stimulation Electrode Placement: A Single-Surgeon Retrospective Analysis of Sterotactic Error in Overlapping and Non-Overlapping Surgical Cases

Background Many surgeons utilize assistants to perform procedures in more than one operating room at a given time using a practice known as overlapping surgery. Debate has continued as to whether overlapping surgery improves the efficiency and access to care or risks patient safety and outcomes. Objective To examine effects of overlapping surgery in deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders. Methods In this retrospective analysis of overlapping and non-overlapping cases, we evaluated stereotactic accuracy, operative duration, length of hospital stay, and the presence of hemorrhage, wound-related complications, and hardware-related complications requiring revision in adults with movement disorders undergoing DBS. Results Of 324 cases, 141 (43.5%) were overlapping and 183 (56.5%) non-overlapping. Stereotactic error, number of brain penetrations, and postoperative length of hospitalization did not differ significantly (p ≥ 0.08) between the overlapping and non-overlapping groups. Mean operative duration was significantly longer for overlapping (81/141 [57.4%], 189.5 ± 10.8 min) than for non-overlapping cases (79/183 [43.2%], 169.9 ± 7.6 min; p = 0.004). There were no differences in rates of wound-related complications or hemorrhages, but overlapping cases had a significantly higher rate of hardware-related complications requiring revision (7/141 [5.0%] vs. 0/183 [0%]; p = 0.002). Conclusions Overlapping and non-overlapping cases had comparable DBS lead placement accuracy. Overlapping cases had a longer operative duration and had a higher rate of hardware-related complications requiring revision.
Ultra-Wideband Low Noise Amplifiers For The Next Generation Very Large Array

We have implemented a single wideband receiver package that could cover the 8 to 48 GHz frequency range of the ngVLA. The current JVLA covers this frequency range employing five distinct receiver packages. We estimate that reducing the number of receiving systems required to cover the full frequency range should reduce operating costs. The receiver package we developed consists of a quad-ridge feed horn, low-noise amplifiers (LNA), and a down-converter to analog intermediate frequencies. Both the feedhorn and the LNA are cryogenically cooled. On the LNA front we pursued two 8–48 GHz MMIC designs, the first using 70-nm gallium arsenide, metamorphic high-electron-mobility-transistors (HEMT), and the second using 35-nm indium phosphide HEMTs. In this paper, we report the measured gain and noise temperatures of these LNAs.
Impacts of Large-Scale NGSO Satellites: RFI and A New Paradigm for Satellite Communications and Radio Astronomy Systems

Large-scale non-geostationary orbit (NGSO) satellite communication systems (SCSs) are gaining interest from industries because of their ubiquitous wireless access and backhaul capabilities. However, the NGSO SCSs’ global downlink transmission can cause radio frequency interference (RFI) to the radio astronomy system (RAS) on earth. Thus, this paper first investigates RFI impacts of a large-scale NGSO SCS. Our RFI analyses show that a large-scale low earth orbit (LEO) SCS completely disrupts RAS’s continuum observation within or adjacent to the SCS downlink bands, which limits coexistence and growths of both SCS and RAS. To overcome such limitation, we propose a new paradigm where SCS and RAS are integrated into the NGSO satellite system, thus effectively creating large-scale telescopes in orbit. This integrated system not only avoids SCS’s RFI to RAS but also offers more spectrum access opportunities to both SCS and RAS. In addition, this paper addresses two related problems of the new paradigm, namely, the spectrum resource allocation problem and the RAS data transport problem. Our performance evaluation illustrates the advantages of the proposed paradigm in terms of accessible spectrum bands, RAS observation performance, and SCS maximum mean supportable data rate as well as enabling coexistence and growths of both types of services.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Risk for Early Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Prospective Cohort Study of 1.1 Million Young Adults

Background Acute psychological stress and negative emotions are known risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether exposure to chronic stress syndromes, such as posttraumatic stress disorder ...
Considerations for Implementing Presidential Memorandum-20 Guidelines for Nuclear Safety Launch Authorization for Future Civil Space Missions

National Security Presidential Memorandum-20 (NSPM-20) (Launch of Spacecraft Containing Space Nuclear Systems) provides updated guidelines for launch authorization for three categories of proposed ...
Recalling Katyń: Poland, Russia, and the Interstate Politics of History:

This article explores the role played by the 1940 Katyn massacre in structuring foreign relations between post-communist Poland and Russia. In so doing, it offers a theoretical model through which ...
Development of High Energy Density Diaminocyclopropenium-Phenothiazine Hybrid Catholytes for Non-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries

This report describes the design of diaminocyclopropenium-phenothiazine hybrid catholytes for non-aqueous redox flow batteries. The molecules are synthesized in a rapid and modular fashion by appending a diaminocyclopropenium (DAC) substituent to the nitrogen of the phenothiazine. Combining a versatile C-N coupling protocol (which provides access to diverse derivatives) with computation and structure-property analysis enabled the identification of a catholyte that displays stable two-electron cycling at potentials of 0.64 and 1.00 V vs. Fc/Fc+ as well as high solubility in all oxidation states (≥0.45 M in TBAPF6 /MeCN). This catholyte was deployed in a high energy density two-electron RFB, exhibiting >90 % capacity retention over 266 hours of flow cell cycling at >0.5 M electron concentration.
Observation Reports and the Mystery of Supervising Student Teachers

Over the past several years, I have read hundreds of “observation reports” authored by university supervisors in a secondary social studies teacher education program at my University. As a faculty member heavily involved in an initial certification teacher education program, I typically play no official role in the field instruction arrangement that brings together university supervisors, student teachers, and cooperating teacher.
Inverse strain rate sensitivity of bendability of an AZ31 sheet in three-point bending

Three-point bending tests were performed on as-rolled and annealed (at 150 °C) AZ31 sheet specimens at various displacement rates (1.0, 5.0 and 50.0 mm/min) at room temperature. The as-rolled specimens present a negative sensitivity, i.e., the bending angle decreases as the strain rate increases; however, the annealed specimens show a positive sensitivity, i.e., the bending angle increases as the strain rate increases. Such an inverse strain rate sensitivity of sheet bending may significantly impact the sheet forming of Mg alloys.
Animal health: keystone in the sustainability and competitiveness of the livestock sector

Summary The rapid expansion of human population in the world, combined with enhanced economic capacity of developing nations, is resulting in an unprecedented demand for meat production with increased competition for land water and energy, requiring enhancements in the sustainability of livestock practices. At the same time, globalization of world economies is creating challenges and opportunities to the livestock sector to be more competitive in regional, national and international markets. Animal health is critical for the sustainability of the livestock sector. Unthrifty animals cannot reach their genetic potential for productivity requiring more inputs of land, energy and water for the same amount of product output. The impact of poor animal health goes beyond the decrease sustainability of the livestock sector, but affects also wildlife conservation and exacerbates poverty as low-income populations divert on subsistence from bush meats. In the same way that poor health affects the sustainability of livestock production, poor animal health significantly affects the competitiveness of the livestock sector. Due to mortality and/or chronic morbidities, unhealthy livestock industries lead to less quantity and quality products reaching the local and national markets with little or no opportunities of profiting from the benefits of international trade. Resumen La rapida expansion de la poblacion humana en el mundo, junto con la mejora de la capacidad economica de las naciones en desarrollo, esta dando lugar a una demanda sin precedentes de la produccion de carne con el aumento de la competencia por agua, tierra y energia, lo que requiere mejoras en la sostenibilidad de las practicas ganaderas. Al mismo tiempo, la globalizacion de la economia mundial plantea desafios y oportunidades para el sector ganadero para ser mas competitivos en los mercados regionales, nacionales e internacionales. La sanidad animal es fundamental para la sostenibilidad del sector pecuario. Animales insalubres no pueden alcanzar su potencial genetico de productividad requiriendo mas insumos de tierra, agua y energia para la misma cantidad de produccion. El impacto de las deficiencias en salud animal van mas alla de la disminucion de la sostenibilidad del sector pecuario, pero tambien afecta a la conservacion de la vida silvestre y exacerba la pobreza ya que las subsistencia de poblaciones de bajos ingresos dependen en un mayor grado de las carnes de monte. De la misma manera que deficiencias en la salud afectan la sostenibilidad de la produccion animal, una salud animal deficiente afecta de manera significativa la competitividad del sector pecuario. Debido a la mortalidad y / o morbilidad cronica animal el sector pecuario produce una menor cantidad y calidad de productos dirigidos a los mercados locales y nacionales, con poca o ninguna oportunidad de sacar provecho de los beneficios del comercio internacional.
Parameterization Schemes: Keys to Understanding Numerical Weather Prediction Models

Preface List of principal symbols and abbreviations 1. Why study parameterization schemes? 2. Land surface-atmosphere parameterizations 3. Soil-vegetation-atmosphere parameterizations 4. Water-atmosphere parameterizations 5. Planetary boundary layer and turbulence parameterizations 6. Convective parameterizations 7. Microphysics parameterizations 8. Radiation parameterizations 9. Cloud cover and cloudy sky radiation parameterizations 10. Orographic drag parameterizations 11. Thoughts on the future 12. References Index.
Through a glass darkly [Internet]

This article discussed some important historical success of the Internet. Kevin Kelly of Wired Magazine reckons that the Internet got properly underway in 1995 with Netscape's wildly successful IPO.
The Relationship Between Psychiatric and Cognitive Symptom Feigning Among Forensic Inpatients Adjudicated Incompetent to Stand Trial

The accurate assessment of feigning is an important component of forensic assessment. Two potential strategies of feigning include the fabrication/exaggeration of psychiatric impairments and the fabrication/exaggeration of cognitive deficits. The current study examined the relationship between psychiatric and cognitive feigning strategies using the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms and Test of Memory Malingering among 150 forensic psychiatric inpatients adjudicated incompetent to stand trial. A greater number of participants scored within the feigning range on the Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms than on the Test of Memory Malingering. Relative risk ratios indicated that individuals shown to be feigning cognitive deficits were 1.68 times more likely to feign psychiatric symptoms than those not shown to be feigning cognitive deficits. Likewise, individuals shown to be feigning psychiatric deficits were 1.86 times more likely to feign cognitive deficits than those not shown to be feigning psychiatric symptoms. Overall, findings suggest that psychiatric feigning and cognitive feigning are related, but can be employed separately as feigning strategies. Therefore, clinicians should consider evaluating for both feigning strategies in forensic assessments where cognitive and psychiatric symptoms are being assessed.
Nuclear organization: taking a position on gene expression

Eukaryotic genomes are divided into chromosomes that occupy defined regions or territories within the nucleus. These chromosome territories (CTs) are arranged based on the transcriptional activity and chromatin landscape of domains. In general, transcriptionally silent domains reside at the nuclear periphery, whereas active domains locate within the interior. Changes in nuclear position are observed for stress-induced and developmentally regulated tissue-specific genes. Upon activation, these genes move away from a CT to inter-chromosomal space containing nuclear bodies enriched in gene expression machinery. Gene activation is not always accompanied by movement, as positioning is dictated by many determinants, including gene structure and the local genomic environment. Collectively, tissue-specific nuclear organization results from a culmination of inputs that result in proper transcriptional regulation.
A near-infrared analysis of water-macromolecule interactions: Hydration and the spectra of aqueous solutions of intact proteins

Abstract A procedure utilizing a variable path length absorption cell has made possible the recording of what appear to be the first well-resolved, compensated near-infrared spectra of intact proteins in aqueous solution. Individual spectra, corresponding to (1) absorbance by the protein plus bound water, and (2) the solvent volume excluded by the hydrated protein, were obtained using the same experimental sample. Calculations of bound water and excluded volume from these spectra were compared to other results in the literature. The validity of this spectral method was supported by comparisons with the spectra of proteins in films, where there is no excluded volume effect and where the amount of water present has been determined independently by gravimetric measurements. The results indicate that the bound water detected by the near-infrared spectra has an absence or deficiency of molecules with quasi-free OH groups (relative to bulk water), and that in conjunction with results of other methods, these water molecules may represent those that are most firmly or more completely bonded to the protein surface.