cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning HIP dynamics with neural networks

The authors investigate backpropagation neural networks for learning the dynamics of densification during hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The micromechanical description of the dynamics is extraordinarily messy, contains over 27 hard-to-measure parameters, and required 10+ years to develop. Thus, supervised learning is quite an attractive alternative. The authors' results indicate that it is a feasible alternative. It only took a few hours of training, with one set of data, and very little prior information about the process for a backpropagation neural network to acceptably learn HIP densification dynamics. >
Sources for American History in Three Italian Archives

Thus even cemeteries constitute an Italian source for American history. There are many other sources. The large number of private manuscript collections, such as that of the Ricasoli family, are mines of information.1 The recollections of Massimo d'Azeglio (particularly those of 1876 comparing the 1861 Emancipation Act of Tsar Alexander II with President Lincoln's Proclamation);2 the public and private libraries; the newspapers and magazines, particularly of Tuscany and Piedmont; the historical societies and institutes these are only the minor sources. The major ones are the deliberations, decisions, statutes, and regulations of governmental agencies on the national as well as local levels. As examples of the major sources, three of them the Archivio di Stato in Naples, the Archivio Storico del Ministero degli Affari Esteri in Rome, and the Library and Archives of the Vatican will be discussed in this paper.
Optimal control of a diffusion/reaction/switching system

We consider an optimal control problem involving the use of bacteria for pollution removal where the model assumes the bacteria switch instantaneously between active and dormant states, determined by threshold sensitivity to the local concentration $v$ of a diffusing critical nutrient; compare [7], [3], [6] in which nutrient transport is convective. It is shown that the direct problem has a solution for each boundary control $ψ = ∂v/∂n$ and that optimal controls exist, minimizing a combination of residual pollutant and aggregated cost of the nutrient.
Characterization of NiTi Materials Using a Novel Aces Methodology

Effective use of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) depends upon detailed knowledge of their thermiomechanical behavior. In this paper, thermomechanical behavior of SMAs is studied using a novel ACES methodology. More specifically, variation of modulus of elasticity of equiatomic NiTi is studied, as a function of temperature. The results show that the modulus of elasticity of the NiTi studied herein varies from 38 GPa to 72 GPa as the temperature changes from –15 °C to 190°C, corresponding to phase transition from martensite to austenite. Comparison of Analytical, Computational, and Experimental Solutions (ACES) results showed good correlation.
Review: long-acting insulin analogues reduce risk for hypoglycemia compared with NPH insulin in type 2 diabetes.

Source Citation Horvath K, Jeitler K, Berghold A, et al. Long-acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2)...
Wireless Technology to Track Surgical Patients after Discharge: A Pilot Study

Failure to detect changes in patients' postoperative health status increases the risk of adverse outcomes, including complications and readmission. We sought to design and implement a real-time surveillance system for postoperative colorectal surgery patients using wireless health technology. Participants were assigned a preprogrammed tablet computer during their inpatient hospitalization, and asked to complete a daily survey regarding their postoperative health status until their first clinic visit. Surveys were transmitted wirelessly to a secure database for review. As a pilot study, we report on our first 20 consecutively enrolled patients, monitored for 265 patient days. Overall compliance was 63 per cent (data available for 166 of the 265 days), but varied by patient from 26 to 100 per cent. We were able to reliably collect basic data on postoperative health status as well as patient-reported outcomes not previously captured by standard assessment techniques. Qualitative data suggest that the experience strengthened patients' relationship with their surgeon and aided in their recovery. Postoperative remote monitoring is feasible, and provides more detailed and complete information to the clinical team. Wireless health technology represents an opportunity to close the information gap between discharge and first clinic visit, and, eventually, to improve patient-provider communication, increase patient satisfaction, and prevent unnecessary readmissions.
Glucose control in critical care

Glycemic control among critically-ill patients has been a topic of considerable attention for the past 15 years. An initial focus on the potentially deleterious effects of hyperglycemia led to a series of investigations regarding intensive insulin therapy strategies that targeted tight glycemic control. As knowledge accumulated, the pursuit of tight glycemic control among critically-ill patients came to be seen as counterproductive, and moderate glycemic control came to dominate as the standard practice in intensive care units. In recent years, there has been increased focus on the importance of hypoglycemic episodes, glycemic variability, and premorbid diabetic status as factors that contribute to outcomes among critically-ill patients. This review provides a survey of key studies on glucose control in critical care, and aims to deliver perspective regarding glycemic management among critically-ill patients.
Controlling stress in the home and the workplace.

This has been a general overview of the very fundamental principles of stress management. However, if the principles are followed, one can find ways to handle stress in a very constructive instead ...
Minimizing irreversible losses in quantum systems by local counterdiabatic driving

Counterdiabatic driving protocols have been proposed [Demirplak M, Rice SA (2003) J Chem Phys A 107:9937-9945; Berry M (2009) J Phys A Math Theor 42:365303] as a means to make fast changes in the Hamiltonian without exciting transitions. Such driving in principle allows one to realize arbitrarily fast annealing protocols or implement fast dissipationless driving, circumventing standard adiabatic limitations requiring infinitesimally slow rates. These ideas were tested and used both experimentally and theoretically in small systems, but in larger chaotic systems, it is known that exact counterdiabatic protocols do not exist. In this work, we develop a simple variational approach allowing one to find the best possible counterdiabatic protocols given physical constraints, like locality. These protocols are easy to derive and implement both experimentally and numerically. We show that, using these approximate protocols, one can drastically suppress heating and increase fidelity of quantum annealing protocols in complex many-particle systems. In the fast limit, these protocols provide an effective dual description of adiabatic dynamics, where the coupling constant plays the role of time and the counterdiabatic term plays the role of the Hamiltonian.
Informing The Evidence Base On Adolescent Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections: Important Lessons.

An introduction is presented in which the Editor-in-Chief discusses the rebranding of the "American Journal of Public Health" and describes its ambitions, resources, and leadership, and it mentions the history of the American Public Health Association, as well as the global aspects of the journal.
Pandora's Auctions: Dynamic Matching with Unknown Preferences

Matching theory typically assumes that agents know their values for possible partners and confines attention to settings in which matching is either static, or driven by population dynamics. In many environments of interest, instead, dynamics originate in the agents learning their preferences through interactions with other agents. In this short paper, we illustrate how platforms can use appropriately designed auctions to account for the joint value of experimentation and cross-subsidization in dynamic matching markets. The model is a stylized version of the general one in Fershtman and Pavan (2016).
What Are Women Told When Requesting Family Planning Services at Clinics Associated with Catholic Hospitals? A Mystery Caller Study

CONTEXT Catholic Church directives restrict family planning service provision at Catholic health care institutions. It is unclear whether obstetrics and gynecology clinics that are owned by or have business affiliations with Catholic hospitals offer family planning appointments. METHODS Mystery callers phoned 144 clinics nationwide that were found on Catholic hospital websites between December 2014 and February 2016, and requested appointments for birth control generally, copper IUD services specifically, tubal ligation and abortion. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests assessed potential correlates of appointment availability, and multivariable logistic regressions were computed if bivariate testing suggested multiple correlates. RESULTS Although 95% of clinics would schedule birth control appointments, smaller proportions would schedule appointments for copper IUDs (68%) or tubal ligation (58%); only 2% would schedule an abortion. Smaller proportions of Catholic-owned than of Catholic-affiliated clinics would schedule appointments for birth control (84% vs. 100%), copper IUDs (4% vs. 97%) and tubal ligation (29% vs. 72%); for birth control and copper IUD services, no other clinic characteristics were related to appointment availability. Multivariable analysis confirmed that tubal ligation appointments were less likely to be offered at Catholic-owned than at Catholic-affiliated clinics (odds ratio. 0.1); location and association with one of the top 10 Catholic health care systems also were significant. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to church directives is inconsistent at Catholic-associated clinics. Women visiting such clinics who want highly effective methods may need to rely on less effective methods or delay method uptake while seeking services elsewhere.
Light and water drops

Water drops are present throughout our daily lives. Microscopic droplets create fog and mist, and large drops fall as rain. Because of their shape and refractive properties, water drops exhibit a wide variety of visual effects. If not directly illuminated by a light source, they are difficult to see. But if they are directly illuminated, they can become the brightest objects in the environment. This thesis has two main components. First, we will show how to create two- and three-dimensional displays using water drops and a projector. Water drops act as tiny spherical lenses, refracting light into a wide angle. To a person viewing an illuminated drop, it will appear that the drop is the same color as the incident light ray. Using a valve assembly, we will fill a volume with non-occluding water drops. At any instant in time, no ray from the projector will intersect with two drops. Using a camera, we will detect the drops locations, then illuminate them with the projector. The final result is a programmable, dynamic, and three-dimensional display. Second, we will show how to reduce the effect of water drops in videos via spatio-temporal frequency analysis, and in real life, by using a projector to illuminate everything except the drops. To remove rain (and snow) from videos, we will use a streak model in frequency space to find the frequencies corresponding to rain and snow in the video. These frequencies can then be suppressed to reduce the effect of rain and snow. We will also suppress the visual effect of water drops by selectively "missing" them by not illuminating them with a projector. In light rain, this can be performed by tracking individual drops. This kind of drop-avoiding light source could be used for many nighttime applications, such as car headlights.
Racism and Social Work: A Model Syllabus for Graduate-Level Teaching

ABSTRACTThis article provides a prospective model syllabus for graduate-level social work courses exploring the interactions between social work and race—both historical and present, both productive and problematic—and makes an argument for this subject matter’s relevance for a course to be implemented in the graduate-level curriculum of social work programs. Instructors can view this syllabus as a template they can customize for their own purposes and contexts, and thus it should not be viewed as fixed, comprehensive, or definitive. Due to the evolutionary nature of research, language, and terms, the syllabus, of course, will need constant revision; but it is conceived as offering a curation of resources, thereby providing a starting point for education on this important topic, at least for this moment in time.
SILPLL based forced opto-electronic oscillator using a phase modulator in a Sagnac loop

Highly stable oscillators are an important component in heterodyne receivers used in telecommunications, remote sensing, and instrumentation. Opto-electronic oscillators (OEO) using very long low-loss fiber optic (FO) delay lines are considered as stable local oscillators and clock signals for a variety of RF applications. The standard OEO takes advantage of amplitude modulation of optical carrier using Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZM) and a long delay optical fibers (i.e. above kilometers). This paper proposes and employs photonic band-gap (PBG) phase modulation (PM) using optical modulation of E-O polymers in place of LiNbO3 (LN) for long fiber optic delay line. To use the phase modulator (PM) in the OEO, a Sagnac loop topology is proposed to perform the required phase modulation to intensity modulation (PM-IM) conversion. The phase sensitivity of the phase modulator and its losses influence the behavior of the PM which is a critical component to the overall performance of the OEO, and particularly for the forced oscillation OEOs using self-injection locking (SIL) and self-phase locking (SPLL). To improve on sensitivity of the optical modulators, photonic bandgap (PBG) based PM structures are considered with electro-optic (EO) polymers to enhance the modulation efficiency and increase modulation bandwidth using integrated Si-photonics structures. The previously developed and experimentally demonstrated self-injection locked phase locked loop (SILPLL) OEO is used as baseline comparison against the performance of PBG based PM with a Vn of 2.17 V is used. The predicted phase noise performance for the PBG based PM is estimated to be −149.6dBc/Hz at 10kHz offset.
Development of a Standardized Buttress for Approach Guardrail Transitions

Approach guardrail transitions (AGTs) incorporate increased post and rail sizes, reduced post spacings, and specialized buttress end geometries to smoothly transition from deformable W-beam guardra...
Assessment of Microbiological Safety of Water in Public Swimming Pools in Guangzhou, China

This study assessed microbiological safety of water from public swimming pools in Guangzhou, China. Water samples from 39 outdoor municipal swimming pools were collected from late June to early September, 2013 and subjected to detection of protozoa (Giardia and Cryptosporidium) and bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginos, total coliforms, E. coli, E. coli O157, Shigella, and Salmonella). Cryptosporidium and Giardia were both detected in 5 (12.8%) swimming pools. Total coliforms were detected in 4 (10.3%) samples with concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 154.0 MPN/100 mL while E. coli was detected in 4 (10.3%) samples with concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5.3 MPN/100 mL. P. aeruginosa was detected in 27 (69.2%) samples but E. coli O157, Shigella and Salmonella were not detected. Among these swimming pools, 9 (23%) met the Chinese National Standard of residual chlorine levels and 24 (62%) were tested free of residual chlorine at least once. The multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis showed that all P. aeruginosa isolates belonged to new sequence types (STs) with dominant ST-1764 and ST-D distributed in different locations within the area. Some P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to medically important antibiotics. Results indicate potential public health risks due to the presence of microbiological pathogens in public swimming pools in this area.
Bile Acids and Cholesterol Absorption

The obligatory role of bile acids in the overall efficiency of cholesterol absorption from the intestine has been extensively documented. Prior to 1920, it had already been demonstrated that bile duct ligation[l] or bile diversion[2] in dogs, markedly diminished the capacity of the intestine to absorb cholesterol. In the 1950–s several laboratories reported that interruption of the normal entero-hepatic circulation of bile and its contained bile salts, resulted in a decrease in lipids in the thoracic duct lymph of experimental animals[3,4], a marked reduction in the absorbability of oleic acid and of corn oil fatty acids[4], and a complete cessation of cholesterol absorption into lymph[5-7]. Complimentary data has been reported by others in humans with complete biliary obstruction[8], and in animals and humans using bile acid-sequestering anion exchange resins, such as cholestyramine[9,10].
Biomaterials and nano-scale features for ligament regeneration

Abstract: This chapter focuses on the use of biomaterials, nano-scale features, and scaffold enhancements for the construction of successful biological scaffolds for ligament regeneration. Ligament composition, structure, physiology, function, and properties are first introduced in order to identify key design parameters for scaffold design. The second part of the chapter describes injury, healing, and treatment of the anterior cruciate ligament focusing on current techniques utilized clinically for reconstruction. Subsequent content focuses on the materials, techniques, and features being used to develop scaffolds for ligament regeneration. Finally, the approaches (e.g., addition of growth factors and platelet rich plasma, and induced mechanical strain) which have been used to enhance engineered scaffolds for ligament regeneration are discussed.
Hydrogen sulfide improves postischemic neoangiogenesis in the hind limb of cystathionine-β-synthase mutant mice via PPAR-γ/VEGF axis.

Neoangiogenesis is a fundamental process which helps to meet energy requirements, tissue growth, and wound healing. Although previous studies showed that Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) regulates neoangiogenesis via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and both VEGF and PPAR-γ expressions were inhibited during hyperhomocysteinemic (HHcy), whether these two processes could trigger pathological effects in skeletal muscle via compromising neoangiogenesis has not been studied yet. Unfortunately, there are no treatment options available to date for ameliorating HHcy-mediated neoangiogenic defects. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a novel gasotransmitter that can induce PPAR-γ levels. However, patients with cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) mutation(s) cannot produce a sufficient amount of H2 S. We hypothesized that exogenous supplementation of H2 S might improve HHcy-mediated poor neoangiogenesis via the PPAR-γ/VEGF axis. To examine this, we created a hind limb femoral artery ligation (FAL) in CBS+/- mouse model and treated them with GYY4137 (a long-acting H2 S donor compound) for 21 days. To evaluate neoangiogenesis, we used barium sulfate angiography and laser Doppler blood flow measurements in the ischemic hind limbs of experimental mice post-FAL to assess blood flow. Proteins and mRNAs levels were studied by Western blots and qPCR analyses. HIF1-α, VEGF, PPAR-γ and p-eNOS expressions were attenuated in skeletal muscle of CBS+/- mice after 21 days of FAL in comparison to wild-type (WT) mice, that were improved via GYY4137 treatment. We also found that the collateral vessel density and blood flow were significantly reduced in post-FAL CBS+/- mice compared to WT mice and these effects were ameliorated by GYY4137. Moreover, we found that plasma nitrite levels were decreased in post-FAL CBS+/- mice compared to WT mice, which were mitigated by GYY4137 supplementation. These results suggest that HHcy can inhibit neoangiogenesis via antagonizing the angiogenic signal pathways encompassing PPAR-γ/VEGF axis and that GYY4137 could serve as a potential therapeutic to alleviate the harmful metabolic effects of HHcy conditions.
Newly Identified Electrically Coupled Neurons Support Development of the Drosophila Giant Fiber Model Circuit

The Drosophila giant fiber (GF) escape circuit is an extensively studied model for neuron connectivity and function. Researchers have long taken advantage of the simple linear neuronal pathway, which begins at peripheral sensory modalities, travels through the central GF interneuron (GFI) to motor neurons, and terminates on wing/leg muscles. This circuit is more complex than it seems, however, as there exists a complex web of coupled neurons connected to the GFI that widely innervates the thoracic ganglion. Here, we define four new neuron clusters dye coupled to the central GFI, which we name GF coupled (GFC) 1-4. We identify new transgenic Gal4 drivers that express specifically in these neurons, and map both neuronal architecture and synaptic polarity. GFC1-4 share a central site of GFI connectivity, the inframedial bridge, where the neurons each form electrical synapses. Targeted apoptotic ablation of GFC1 reveals a key role for the proper development of the GF circuit, including the maintenance of GFI connectivity with upstream and downstream synaptic partners. GFC1 ablation frequently results in the loss of one GFI, which is always compensated for by contralateral innervation from a branch of the persisting GFI axon. Overall, this work reveals extensively coupled interconnectivity within the GF circuit, and the requirement of coupled neurons for circuit development. Identification of this large population of electrically coupled neurons in this classic model, and the ability to genetically manipulate these electrically synapsed neurons, expands the GF system capabilities for the nuanced, sophisticated circuit dissection necessary for deeper investigations into brain formation.
Eating disorders in adolescents with chronic gastrointestinal and endocrine diseases.

Summary Eating disorders are one of the most common chronic conditions in adolescents. The clinical symptoms can mimic those of other chronic diseases including gastrointestinal and endocrine disorders. However, an eating disorder can coexist with another chronic disease, making the diagnosis and management of both conditions challenging. This Review describes what is known about eating disorders in adolescents with chronic gastrointestinal and endocrine diseases, focusing on coeliac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and thyroid disorders. The prevalence and onset of each condition during adolescence is discussed, followed by a description of the associations among the conditions and eating disorders. We also discuss management challenges posed by the coexistence of the two conditions. When both diseases coexist, a multidisciplinary approach is often needed to address the additional complexities posed.
Carrier lifetimes of >1 μs in Sn-Pb perovskites enable efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells

All-perovskite-based polycrystalline thin-film tandem solar cells have the potential to deliver efficiencies of >30%. However, the performance of all-perovskite-based tandem devices has been limited by the lack of high-efficiency, low-band gap tin-lead (Sn-Pb) mixed-perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We found that the addition of guanidinium thiocyanate (GuaSCN) resulted in marked improvements in the structural and optoelectronic properties of Sn-Pb mixed, low-band gap (~1.25 electron volt) perovskite films. The films have defect densities that are lower by a factor of 10, leading to carrier lifetimes of greater than 1 microsecond and diffusion lengths of 2.5 micrometers. These improved properties enable our demonstration of >20% efficient low-band gap PSCs. When combined with wider-band gap PSCs, we achieve 25% efficient four-terminal and 23.1% efficient two-terminal all-perovskite-based polycrystalline thin-film tandem solar cells.
Reality and Its Structure: Essays in Fundamentality

Ricki Bliss and Graham Priest’s edited collection, Reality and Its Structure, offers original essays that explore the conditions that would have to be satisfied by the grounding relation. Many of t...
Positive affect and imaginal exposure processes in patients with taboo obsessions

Abstract Taboo OCD is associated with less symptom reduction following exposure treatment, compared to response rates for those with other OCD dimensions. To enhance treatment response for those with taboo OCD, researchers must identify novel ways to augment exposure. In line with the Broaden-and-Build theory, heightened positive affect prior to an exposure may facilitate more adaptive cognitive processes and approach motivation; therefore, we hypothesized that greater state positive affect prior to an exposure would be associated with greater perceived efficacy of the intervention, more adaptive exposure performance, and learning that obsessions are not dangerous. In this study, individuals with taboo OCD symptoms repeatedly approached an idiographic obsession through an imaginal exposure. After accounting for comorbid depression, positive affect was positively and significantly associated with perceived efficacy and exposure engagement; however, positive affect was not associated with habituation or learning. Notably, the relationship between positive affect and the perceived effectiveness of, and ability to engage in, a personalized exposure highlights important areas for future research aiming to improve clinical interventions for OCD. To address the study's primary limitation – one-session exposure – researchers should recruit a larger sample and examine how positive affect influences exposure processes over a full treatment.
A Proteomic Platform for EBV and KSHV Serological Screening

Abstract 1747 Individuals with HIV infection have an increased susceptibility to EBV- and KSHV-associated malignancies. Evaluating a possible role for specific humoral responses to individual viral proteins in the control of viral load and prevention of EBV or KSHV related disease development in this population has been hampered by the limited number of viral antigens currently used for screening serum samples. We have developed a protein array platform that can be utilized for EBV and KSHV serological screening. The array consists of EBV and KSHV proteins printed onto glass slides. All eighty four EBV open reading frames and eighty six KSHV open reading frames were cloned into bacterial vectors and the inserts validated by DNA sequencing in both directions. Authenticated inserts were transferred to a yeast vector that expresses proteins as N-terminal GST-fusions. Seventy nine EBV proteins and eighty one KSHV proteins were successfully purified from yeast. First generation EBV/KSHV protein arrays have been printed with these proteins plus a variety of control proteins that include GST, and human IgG, IgM and IgA. Initial serological assays compared IgG antibody responses in HIV positive individuals, cancer patients and healthy adults. The HIV positive group (i) had a broader EBV antigenic response than the cancer patients or healthy normal9s and (ii) recognized a wider range of EBV antigens compared to KSHV. This may reflect more extensive exposure to replicating EBV versus KSHV in these patients. In addition to the previously described dominant antigenic responses to EBV and KSHV, the assays identified multiple additional immunogenic viral proteins. The ability to compare serological responses to the complete repertoire of individual EBV and KSHV encoded proteins should provide new insight into B cell mediated immune regulation of these viruses. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The GOES-R Space Environment In Situ Suite (SEISS): Measurement of Energetic Particles in Geospace

Abstract The GOES-R Series Space Environment In Situ Suite (SEISS) measures plasma properties and energetic particle populations at geosynchronous altitude. Charged-particle populations in the magnetosphere are a hazard to spacecraft operations and humans in space. SEISS observations support space weather monitoring and prediction at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC). SEISS products include ion and electron fluxes used by SWPC to issue alerts for heightened radiation belt intensities and solar particle events, for protecting Earth-orbiting spacecraft on which we are increasingly dependent for communication, navigation, and Earth-monitoring systems.
Early vs. delayed in-hospital cardiac arrest complicating ST-elevation myocardial infarction receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract Background There are limited data on the timing and outcomes of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). This study sought to examine the in-hospital mortality, temporal trends and resource utilization in early vs. delayed IHCA in STEMI. Methods Retrospective cohort study from the National Inpatient Sample of all STEMI admissions during 2000–2014 receiving pPCI on hospital day zero. Admissions transferred from other hospitals, with do-not-resuscitate status, without information on IHCA timing, and receiving surgical revascularization were excluded. IHCA was classified as early (hospital day zero) and delayed (on/after hospital day 1). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and secondary outcomes included prevalence, temporal trends, and resource utilization. Results During this 15-year period, 19,185 admissions met the inclusion criteria, with 15,404 (80%) experiencing an early IHCA. The cohort with delayed IHCA was on average older, female, with higher comorbidity, and greater prevalence of non-shockable rhythms and acute organ failure. There was a temporal increase in early IHCA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.67 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.35–2.08]) and a decrease in delayed IHCA (aOR 0.60 [95% CI 0.48-0.74]) in 2014 compared to 2000. Compared to the early IHCA cohort, the delayed IHCA cohort had higher in-hospital mortality (aOR 5.35 [95% CI 4.83–5.94]), higher hospitalization costs ($115,165 ± 109,848 vs. 139,038 ± 142,745) and less frequent discharges to home (74% vs. 52%). Conclusions Delayed IHCA (on or after hospital day 1) was associated with higher in-hospital mortality and resource utilization compared to early IHCA.
Burden and Impact of Geriatric Syndromes in 2-Year, Progression-Free Survivors of Older Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients – a Landmark Analysis

Introduction/Methods The trajectory of functional decline and the prevalence of geriatric syndromes have not been examined among long-term survivors of older allo-HCT recipients. We previously described significant burden and adverse impact of post-transplant geriatric syndromes, delirium and fall, among older allogeneic recipients. We report here theprevalence and impact of geriatric syndromes in 2-year, progression-free survivors among this cohort of patients using our institutional database. Baseline characteristics, transplant outcomes, geriatric assessment domains, and geriatric syndromes were obtained and analyzed as previously described. Results We identified 199 2-year, progression-free survivors of patients allografted at age ≥60 years from 2001 to 2016, including 111 out of 241 patients on the CD34+ selection platform (46%), and 88 out of 231 T-cell replete patients (38%). The median age at allo-HCT was 65.4 years (range 60 – 78.7); 73% had myeloid malignancies; 69% had high/very high risk HCT-CI/age; 14% had a mismatched donor; and 56% had a CD34+ selected graft. With a median follow-up of 5.7 years for survivors, the 3-yr OS and RFS from the 2-year landmark was 86% (95% CI, 80 – 91) and 83% (95% CI, 78 – 89). Thirty-three patients died, including 8 from relapse/disease progression, and 25 from non-relapse mortality (6 each from secondary neoplasm, organ failure, and infections). The 3-year cumulative incidence of new functional impairment (FI), defined as new admission to skilled nursing facility, fall, or assisted walking device from the 2-year landmark, was 20% (95% CI, 15 – 27). In addition, the 3-year cumulative incidence of new psychiatric illness and cognitive decline was 6% (95% CI, 3 – 11) and 5% (95% CI, 3 – 10), respectively (Figure 1). We examined factors associated with new FI and found that, among others, patients who were transplanted with a CD34+ selected graft had lower incidence of new FI in univariate (hazard ratio [HR]=0.49, 95% CI 0.28 – 0.86, P=0.014) and multivariate analysis with borderline significance (HR=0.53, 95% CI 0.27 – 1.02, P=0.056). In 2-year landmark analyses, both high/very high HCT-CI/age index and mismatched donor were significantly associated with inferior OS and RFS (Table 1). Conclusion While limited by the single institution, retrospective design, heterogenous transplant approach, and likely under-reporting, our findings nevertheless illustrate the high prevalence of FI among older allo-HCT survivors, which maybe attenuated by the CD34+ selection platform. In addition, the impact of graft-versus-host disease on the development of geriatric syndromes merits closer examination. While requiring prospective confirmation, long-term functional impairment should be considered as an important secondary outcome when comparing curative strategies to other less intense approaches in older patients with hematologic malignancies.
Understanding the effects of prematurity on clinical manifestations of neonatal abstinence syndrome: A narrative literature review

Abstract Introduction Neonatal abstinence syndrome is a collection of postnatal withdrawal symptoms caused by in-utero exposure to opioids. Despite the high association with prematurity, there is a lack of research informing proper identification of neonatal abstinence syndrome in preterm newborns. Objective To delineate contrast in clinical manifestations of neonatal abstinence syndrome between preterm and full-term newborns, and to explain how common morbidities of prematurity may be responsible for the identified differences. Methods A literature search was undertaken in PubMed, Google Scholar, and PsychInfo. Results Five research studies, discussing neonatal abstinence syndrome symptomatology related to gestational age or morbidities of prematurity, were reviewed. Conclusion Preterm newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome present in ways that are distinct from full-term newborns and untraceable by diagnostic assessment tool currently available. A better understanding of pathophysiology of neonatal abstinence syndrome in the context of prematurity is necessary in order to improve assessment and intervention outcomes.
The evolving landscape of cell surface pattern recognition across plant immune networks

To recognize diverse threats, plants monitor extracellular molecular patterns and transduce intracellular immune signaling through receptor complexes at the plasma membrane. Pattern recognition occurs through a prototypical network of interacting proteins, comprising A) receptors that recognize inputs associated with a growing number of pest and pathogen classes (bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, caterpillars), B) co-receptor kinases that participate in binding and signaling, and C) cytoplasmic kinases that mediate first stages of immune output. While this framework has been elucidated in reference accessions of model organisms, network components are part of gene families with widespread variation, potentially tuning immunocompetence for specific contexts. Most dramatically, variation in receptor repertoires determines the range of ligands acting as immunogenic inputs for a given plant. Diversification of receptor kinase (RK) and related receptor-like protein (RLP) repertoires may tune responses even within a species. Comparative genomics at pangenome scale will reveal patterns and features of immune network variation.
Electoral Integrity and Election-Related Conflict

Why are some elections contested with social unrest and protest – sometimes violent – while others pass with little conflict? We focus our study on two types of election, each of which is defined w...
Power Theory and the Rise and Reproduction of Patriarchy in Contact-Era New Guinea

This chapter applies a power-theory perspective to data from New Guinea to examine: (a) how patriarchy was reproduced in contact-era New Guinea; and (b) how it may have arisen. Because patriarchy is at base an asymmetry in gendered power, power theory argues that, to understand it, we must focus on the nature of power, its properties, and factors that constrain or enable its construction. In the case of New Guinea patriarchy, the most important of those factors was the portion of an agent’s time budget that he or she could devote to political interaction and hence to building power. Male agents in New Guinea were able to reproduce patriarchy because the sexual division of labor afforded them more time and opportunity than it did women to interact with others and hence build power. Extrapolating this argument, the chapter proposes that the necessary condition for New Guinea patriarchy lay in the sexual division of military labor, which in turn ordained the broader division of labor in New Guinea—the condition that allowed men to reproduce an asymmetric power over women.
Use of modified Delphi introduces the risk of chronological bias during clinical research interventions.

Background A study aimed at reducing the time spent on the phone obtaining insurance preauthorisation in a neurosurgical clinic was successfully completed. However, the researchers were unable to reject the null hypothesis because of a combination of chronological bias and the Hawthorne effect. Aim To increase nurse researchers' awareness of the potential to introduce a chronological bias as a confounder in clinical research and suggest potential alternative approaches to study design. Discussion The researcher shared the study's purpose, design and outcome measure with the participants before collecting the baseline data. This enabled the participants to alter their practice before the intervention was implemented (a chronological bias) and change their behaviour surrounding the outcome (the Hawthorne effect). Conclusion The use of the Delphi method became a catalyst for change before the collection of baseline data, the combination of chronological bias and the Hawthorne effect affecting the study's results. Implications for practice Nurse researchers seeking to improve practice should collect baseline data before informing participants and consider the risks and benefits of blinding (concealment) surrounding the outcome.
Harvester ants reduce seed survivorship in slickspot peppergrass, a rare mustard endemic to Idaho

Seed predation can significantly reduce the reproductive success of individual plants and their populations. The consequences of seed predation often are most pronounced for rare plant species, in which loss of seeds can have a disproportionate effect on populations. The present study examined the effects of seed predation by Owyhee harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex salinus) on seed survivorship in slickspot peppergrass (Lepidium papilliferum), a rare mustard endemic to sagebrush-steppe habitat in southwestern Idaho. Within sagebrush-steppe, L. papilliferum is restricted to microsites known as “slick spots”—shallow depressions of soil characterized by distinct clay layers and surface water retention that is higher than that of surrounding areas. Harvester ants frequently nest in L. papilliferum habitat and readily consume the plant's seeds. We conducted a controlled field experiment at a population of L. papilliferum in 2012 to quantify seed loss to individual plants as a result of seed predation by harvester ants. Across 20 slick spots, plants exposed to harvester ants experienced a median reduction in seed survivorship of 89.2% (interquartile range, 69.3% to 93.9%) relative to plants in the same slick spot that were matched for size and shielded from ants. The proportion of seeds that plants lost to seed predation was more variable and significantly lower in slick spots with >150 plants than in those with fewer plants, suggesting that a threshold to the number of seeds that can be collected and consumed by ants may occur within the natural range of plant densities found in slick spots. Our results suggest that slick spots supporting large numbers of L. papilliferum in a given year may be buffered from the effects of predation, whereas those with relatively few plants are particularly vulnerable to high levels of seed loss to harvester ants.
Fruit and Vegetable Snack Consumption Among Children With a Body Mass Index at or Above the 75th Percentile.

Abstract Objective To describe fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption as snacks and the association with diet quality and compare the snacking environment and child and parent characteristics between children who consumed FV as snacks and those who did not. Methods This secondary analysis study used baseline data from a healthy weight management study with 8- to 12-year-old children with a body mass index ≥75th percentile. Data collection included 24-hour dietary recalls, measured height/weight, and child and parent surveys. Results Children (n = 119) consumed 0.1 cup equivalent per 1,000 kcal of FV as snacks, the equivalent of 16.9% of their daily FV consumption. More FV consumption as snacks occurred at home when a parent was present and was associated with higher parent support for FV consumption as snacks (P = 0.03). Conclusions and Implications Renewed attention to strategies to promote FV consumption as snacks, especially at away-from-home locations, is merited.
Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel Antibody-Induced Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Presenting as a Paraneoplastic Neurological Complication in Breast Cancer.

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) are a group of disorders characterized by an autoimmune response against the nervous system due to cross-reactivity between malignant and normal neural tissue. The most commonly associated malignancies include small cell lung cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and lymphoma. Multiple PNS have been reported including paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, retinopathy, sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, and stiff-person syndrome. We report a case of a 67-year-old woman with breast cancer who presented with a history of progressive oropharyngeal dysphagia as a paraneoplastic neurologic complication. She was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma, nuclear grade 3 with moderate peritumoral lymphoid infiltrate. Hormone receptors were weakly positive for estrogen receptor (ER) (H score 15), weakly positive for progesterone receptor (PR) (H score 30), and negative for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2/NEU). The patient underwent a localized segmental mastectomy but declined any further adjuvant treatment. Three years after being diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, she developed progressive oropharyngeal dysphagia that warranted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement. Testing for onconeural antibodies was positive for voltage-gated calcium channel antibody. An extensive workup was negative for any alternative etiology that would explain her neurological symptoms. The patient declined further treatment and eventually succumbed to her illness.
A scanning waveguide AR display with 100° FOV

We propose a new display, named as scanning waveguide display, that achieves a large eye box and FOV simultaneously. The display uses an off-axis lens array with extremely low f/# as the out-coupler. The lens array is fabricated by cholesteric liquid crystal polarization holography. We demonstrate a diagonal FOV of 100°, which far exceeds the theoretical limit of waveguide displays.
Monumentos y escribas: El hablador se dirige a la etnografía

Sara Castro Klaren estudia de que manera en la novela "El Hablador" de Mario Vargas Llosa se critica la configuracion del indigena como sujeto nacional en la escritura etnografica indigenista. Segun Castro-Klaren esta critica es incoherente por partir de una paradoja en la que se cuestiona la carga ideologica de la etnografia y se considera que la novela por ser un producto estetico es una escritura ideologicamente libre.
Telehealth and the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner: Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic.

OBJECTIVE:Examine the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of telehealth for the psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP) in practice and student education. Describe areas for futu...
Exploring Europa with an RPS-Powered Spacecraft Results of the Europa Explorer Mission Concept Study

This viewgraph presentation focuses on the results of the more recent and detailed Europa Explorer (EE) study. Based on the Europa Geophysical Explorer (EGE) the EE Study was more detailed and reached a modified design point, it re-affirmed all the conclusions reached during the EGE Study. The presentation reviews some of the important considerations of the study, including the trajectory design with earth gravity assists, the radiation considerations, the desired instruments for studying Europa, the total mass available, a conceptual illustration of the spacecraft. The attitude, propulsion and thermal control issues are also addressed. The data communications issues are reviewed. The expectations from the mission are summarized in the conclusion. These include a 90 day operational period, that is likely to continue for over a year; that EE would produce 1000 more observations than the Galileo mission; that EE would carry over 200 kg of instrumentation (including shielding); that EE would return over 21 Gigabits of data per Earth day; there would be about 340kg of unused mass, which could be used for more instrumentation, or a lander; and that this would be designed with currently available technology.
Atelectasis, asphyxia and resuscitation in the newborn

Abstract Active and rhythmic respiration in the well-developed newborn is not established unless the respiratory apparatus and the respiratory center present anatomic and physiologic integrity. Normal conditions of the respiratory apparatus, namely patency of the larynx and bronchi, are necessary for insuring adequate gas exchanges in the alveoli between alveolar air and alveolar blood. Thus, and only thus, the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 and the acid-base equilibrium in the circulating blood can be maintained under conditions which are indispensable for the normal functioning of the respiratory center. Conversely, anatomic or physiologic impairment of the respiratory center will embarrass or prevent the establishment of spontaneous and rhythmic respiration and if this condition is not promptly relieved anoxemia and death of its nervous cells will follow. Besides the “chemical” factors, there are “nervous” stimulants playing an important part in the establishment and maintenance of the rythmic respiratory movements, which conversely, contribute to maintain, with an extreme accuracy, “constant the conditions of life in the internal environment” (the blood) as Claude Bernard has put it. The above considerations show clearly the intimate and close interrelation of the respiratory apparatus and the respiratory center, and the impossibility of separating them in the study of asphyxia of the newborn. In this paper I am especially concerned with the anatomic and physiologic disturbances of the respiratory apparatus, namely, atelectasis and allied conditions of the lung and with ensuing changes in respiratory gas exchanges which affect the “humoral control of respiration”. I shall be compelled, however, to deal with the “nervous control of respiration” in order to explain and justify my views on resuscitation.