cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Big Changes for Small Noncovalent Dimers: Revisiting the Potential Energy Surfaces of (P2)2 and (PCCP)2 with CCSD(T) Optimizations and Vibrational Frequencies

This article details the re-examination of low-lying stationary points on the potential energy surfaces (PESs) of two challenging noncovalent homogeneous dimers, (P2)2 and (PCCP)2. The work was motivated by the rather large differences between MP2 and CCSD(T) energetics that were recently reported for these systems (J. Comput. Chem. 2014, 35, 479–487). The current investigation reveals significant qualitative and quantitative changes when the CCSD(T) method is used to characterize the stationary points instead of MP2. For example, CCSD(T) optimizations and harmonic vibrational frequency computations with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set indicate that the parallel-slipped (PS) structure is the only P2 dimer stationary point examined that is a minimum (zero imaginary frequencies, ni = 0), whereas prior MP2 computations indicated that it was a transition state (ni = 1). Furthermore, the L-shaped structure of (P2)2 was the only minimum according to MP2 computations, but it collapses to the PS structure on the CCSD(T...
Toward a Mathematical Theory of the Offensive/Defensive Balance

Jack Levy argues that the offensive/defensive balance needs to be defined more explicitly and rigorously before it can be used in historical analysis. We offer a more explicit and rigorous theory of the offensive/defensive balance based on Hembold conventional war equations (a generalization of Lanchester equations) and Intriligator nuclear war equations. We operationally define the offensive/defensive balance based on weapons characteristics, geography, military organization, perceptions of decisionmakers, and, to some extent, tactics. Our offensive/defensive theory illustrates the validity of many of Levy's criticisms of the offensive/defensive concept in historical studies, solves some of the conceptual problems, and provides a stronger theoretical foundation for analysts who will employ the concept in future studies.
An Approach to the Study of Molts and Plumages

During the course of studies of the molts and plumages of certain waterfowl and other birds, it has become apparent to us, as it has to a number of other workers, that the description of plumage successions has often been hampered by the lack of a uniform and practical terminology. It was our original intent to introduce a new terminology applicable, as far as possible, to all birds, in order to eliminate some of the semantic difficulties of the past. As this project progressed, it became obvious that knowledge of the plumage stages of many species is sadly incomplete or poorly understood; further study revealed the need of a reexamination of many long-held concepts of plumage succession and of more precise definitions of widely but ambiguously used terms. The subject is too large to be covered in a single paper. We propose here to discuss plumage succession beginning at the time of loss of the juvenal plumage, i.e., the bird's first covering of true (in some cases modified) contour feathers. We hope in a later paper to analyze the development of the plumages from the embryo through the completed juvenal plumage. We have adopted this reversed chronological sequence because of the complexity of the question of the "natal downs" and their origin, which we intend to investigate at some length. We hope in this paper to throw new light on concepts of plumage and molt, and we present a framework within which descriptive and comparative studies may be made. In spite of the vast progress made by many workers in recent decades in understanding some of the factors which affect the physiology of molt (genetic control, hormonal balance, photoperiod, temperature, diet, etc.), it must be remembered that such information is available for but a small fraction of the species of birds of the world. We believe it is greatly desirable to have
Evidence for Simultaneous Generation of Ion Pairs in Laser Mass Spectrometry

Our research group has been concerned with the laser mass spectra of organic compounds; particular emphasis has been on fragmentation processes and the mechanisms which produce organic ions. Frequently, positive and negative ions occur in pairs raising the question of whether ion formation can result from charge exchange reactions producing an ion pair in a single step (1,2). Pair-production could be brought about by intermolecular transfer of atoms, groups, or electrons, or by intramolecular charge separation. The general reactions for these possibilities can be summarized below: $$ {\text{2GM}}{\xrightarrow{{{\text{hv}}}}^{\text{ + }}}{\text{M}}{{\text{G}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ + }}{{\text{M}}^{\text{ - }}} $$ (1) where G = H or an alkyl group $$ {\text{AB}}\xrightarrow{{{\text{hv}}}}{{\text{A}}^{\text{ + }}}{\text{ + }}{{\text{B}}^{\text{ - }}} $$ (2) The above reactions imply pair-production in a single step, which distinguishes them from indirect processes which can produce the same ions. General examples of the latter are: $$ {\text{GM}}\xrightarrow{{{\text{hv}}}}{{\text{G}}^{\text{ + }}}{\text{ }}\xrightarrow{{{\text{GM}}}}{\text{MG}}_{\text{2}}^{\text{ + }} $$ (3) $$ {\text{AB}}\xrightarrow{{{\text{hv}}}}{\text{A}}{{\text{B}}^{\text{ + }}}^{\text{*}} \to {{\text{A}}^{\text{ + }}}{\text{ + B}} $$ (4) Production of pairs of ions in the laser mass spectra of a variety of systems is a well-documented fact. Formation of (M + H)+ and (M − H)− ions is common for molecules containing acidic and basic groups; for example, carboxylic acids, amino acids, and phenols. Also, in both the field desorption and laser mass spectra of zwitterionic compounds, ions such as (M + CH3)+ and (M − CH3)− are observed for the same compound. Similarly, pair production from a single molecule is possible; for example, esters (R1COOR2) show R1CO+ and OR2 − peaks in their positive and negative ion laser mass spectra, respectively. Almost all aromatic hydrocarbons show peaks corresponding to M+ in their positive ion spectra, and many show M− ions in their negative ion spectra. This raises the possibility of intermolecular electron transfer reactions to produce positive and negative ions.
Measurement of Drag Torque, Lift off Speed and Rotordynamic Force Coefficients in a Shimmed BFB

Oil free microturbomachinery relies on gas bearings, in particular bump type foil bearings (BFBs), to make nearly frictionless systems with improved efficiency, long life and extended maintenance intervals. Rotors supported on generation I BFBs often show large amplitude sub synchronous whirl motions that limit their application into high speed conditions. Mechanically preloading a BFB through shimming is a common practice that improves rotordynamic performance. This paper quantifies the effectiveness of shimming on the forced performance of a BFB (L = 38.1 mm, D = 36.5 mm) that comprises of a single top foil and bump foil strip. The dry-friction torque (T) during startup is proportional to the applied load and increases with shim thickness. The bearing lift-off shaft speed, establishing operation with a gas film, also increases with load. The friction factor f = T/(RW) during dry friction operation at start up increases with shim thickness albeit decreasing with applied load. Once the bearing is airborne, the bearing–shimmed or not–shows approximately the same low friction factor, f ~ 0.05 under a specific load W/(LD) ~ 20 kPa. Dynamic loads spanning 200–450 Hz excite the BFB in a rotordynamics rig operating at 50 krpm (833 Hz). A static vertical load, W/(LD) acts on the bearing. The bearing direct stiffnesses increase with increasing excitation frequency while the damping coefficients decrease slightly. The stiffnesses for the various BFB configurations offer unremarkable differences. The direct damping coefficients of the shimmed BFB are up to 30 % larger than the coefficients of the original bearing. The frequency averaged material loss factor for BFB with 50 µm shims \((\bar{\gamma }\sim 0. 6 2)\) is 25 % larger than that for the original bearing \((\bar{\gamma }\sim 0. 4 7 )\). As expected, a shimmed BFB dissipates more mechanical energy than a BFB without shims.
Composition of neutral lipids from erythrocytes of common mammals

The neutral lipids of the erythrocytes were investigated in several common mammals: cow, dog, goat, horse, pig, rabbit, rat, and sheep. Cholesterol content was determined by gas-liquid, thin-layer, and column chromatography, the last in conjunction with the IR spectrophotometry. The three methods yielded similar results. In every species investigated, cholesterol was the major neutral lipid; cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, and free fatty acids were detected only in trace amounts. It is concluded that these substances may have been contaminants from plasma lipoproteins or leukocytes rather than true constituents of the erythrocyte. In the erythrocytes of all species, cholesterol content was close to 30% of the total lipids extracted from the cells, and the molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid was approximately one. The significance of the data is discussed in relation to current concepts of the structure of the cell membrane involving cholesterol-polar lipid complexes.
Innovation of Rural Financial Products and Service Mode in Heilongjiang Province Based on View of Farmer Credit Demand

Products and services are the core of rural finance.Products and services design should be based on the actual demand of rural household borrowing.The constraints of external factors of farmer credit demand were analyzed in Heilongjiang province in detail.In accordance of the analysis,based on the actual demand of rural household borrowing and financial innovation practice,the innovation suggestions on the rural financial products and services were put forward from credit,price,amount,term,payment methods,procedures,payment means and network construction.
Breathtaking Songs: Coordinating the Neural Circuits for Breathing and Singing

The vocal behavior of birds is remarkable for its diversity, and songs can feature elaborate characteristics such as long duration, rapid temporal pattern, and broad frequency range. The respiratory system plays a central role in generating the complex song patterns that must be integrated with its life-sustaining functions. Here, we explore how precise coordination between the neural circuits for breathing and singing is fundamental to production of these remarkable behaviors.
Learning dynamic preferences in multi-agent meeting scheduling

Multi-agent meeting scheduling systems in which each person has an agent that negotiates with other agents to schedule meetings have the potential to save computer users large amounts of time. Such agents need to model the scheduling preferences of their users. We consider that a user's preferences over meeting times are of two kinds: static time-of-day preferences and dynamic preferences which change as meetings are added to a calendar. We present an algorithm that effectively learns static time-of-day preferences, as well as two important classes of dynamic preferences: back-to-back preferences and spread-out preferences (i.e. preferences for having gaps between meetings).
Adoptive Immunotherapy with CMV Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytesfor Stem Cell Transplant Patients with Refractory CMV Infections

Abstract 4033 Adoptive immunotherapy with cytomegalovirus (CMV) specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) is an effective strategy for preventing and treating viral reactivation following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). We have previously shown that CMV CTL can be generated in 1–2 weeks by stimulating donor lymphocytes with peptide mixes derived from full length pp65 and IE1. We conducted a multi-institutional study of CMV specific CTL for patients with persistent or anti-viral resistant CMV infections following allogeneic SCT, to determine the safety, feasibility, and immunologic effects of this approach. We were successful in stimulating CTL from 10/10 donors with pooled CMV overlapping peptide mixes. Five of the 7 subjects who met infusion criteria had new onset CMV specific CTL activity detected within 4–6 weeks post infusion. Of the two subjects who did not have immunologic responses post-infusion, one received CTL with a low viability post-thawing, and the other patient was receiving cyclosporine A and systemic corticosteroids at the time of the infusion, achieving only a low, transient increase (10%) in pp65 specific activity. There was no GVHD attributable to these infusions. These findings indicate that the infusion of CTL stimulated over 1–2 weeks with overlapping CMV peptides can result in virus specific immune reconstitution in SCT recipients, without exacerbations of GVHD. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Gaslight , Gaslighting, and the Gothic Romance Film

This chapter examines Gaslight as the first Hollywood domestic violence film and the only one to focus on psychological abuse or “gaslighting.” The discussion focuses on the conventions of this later Gothic romance, the abuser’s strategies of verbal and psychological abuse, and the film’s implications for contemporary domestic violence films.
Modeling of Cryogenic Fracturing Processes

Abstract Cryogenic fracturing is a new fracturing concept that uses cryogenic fluids as fracturing fluids. Its mechanism rests on the effect of a thermal shock introduced by a cryogen on the hot surface of a reservoir rock. The thermomechanical properties of the rock and failure criteria play very important roles during the cryogenic fracturing process. Modeling cryogenic fracturing process requires combining all of these processes and finally simulates them. The experimental process of cryogenic fluid treatment on rock samples is simulated. Results from simulation are matched with the actual experiment results for temperature, pressure, and fracture profiles.
The Effect of Simulation in Large-Scale Data Collection—An Example of Password Policy Development

Computer networks across the world are increasingly vulnerable to hackers. Network administrators have countered this threat with stronger password policies. However, this has resulted in potential usability challenges for all users. Research has shown that users of these new security requirements would typically do the minimum possible to adhere to these policies. End users have become wary of the potential security risks posed by hackers. Privacy laws and the need to protect user data have further added to the difficulties that researchers must overcome in order to better understand user needs. As a result, large sets of data containing password patterns are very difficult to collect and analyse. In this article, we present a possible solution to this data collection challenge by using simulation. This offers us the ability to generate large amounts of user data that can be used to illustrate different trends of password use. Our simulations of a scenario in an academic setting consist of four types of users—undergraduate and graduate students, faculty and staff. By making conservative assumptions of user behaviours based on literature, our findings show that while users of different education and technical backgrounds face different levels of challenges in setting up passwords, nearly all users displayed similar characteristics when updating passwords. These findings from our simulation illustrate the ability to overcome data collection challenges in this field and could potentially allow us to design more inclusive password policies.
Eliminating Unnecessary Diagnostic Imaging and Labs

Abstract In the era of value-based health care, reducing waste and decreasing cost is a priority for health care systems. A primary challenge in improving health care value is to maintain or improve outcomes while reducing the cost of care. Lean Production, widely used in manufacturing industries, aims to reduce cost and eliminate waste and can be used to achieve similar ends in medicine. By assimilating these principles, health care systems can identify wasteful processes to further the Triple Aim (improve outcomes, reduce costs, and improve patient experience). At Oregon Health & Science University, an initiative was created to evaluate the efficacy of imaging obtained by the neuroscience service line and limit nonessential images. A single standardized procedure, retrosigmoid craniectomy for microvascular decompression, was analyzed. Retrospective analyses of institutional data were performed prior to prospective changes in clinical practice. Data collected after implementation of the clinical changes demonstrated similar outcomes and reduced cost, thereby increasing value.
Günter Blobel (1936–2018)

On 18 February, we lost our Ph.D. adviser, Gunter Blobel, who succumbed to a battle with cancer at age 81. For both of us, it felt akin to losing a close family member. Typical of graduate students, we arrived in his lab unformed and malleable, and we eagerly absorbed not only information, logic, and experimental technique but also Gunter's scientific mind-set. Perhaps the most important thing that Gunter taught us is that science is not an ordinary job. He lived science as a passion, filled with emotions and purpose, with personality and intuitive preconceptions (that is, hypotheses), and with a keen eye on aesthetics and beauty in approach and execution.
Next-generation sequencing reveals differentially expressed small noncoding RNAs in uterine leiomyoma.

Objective To determine the expression profile of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in leiomyoma, which has not been investigated to date. Design Laboratory-based investigation. Setting Academic center. Patient(s) Women undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications. Intervention(s) Next-generation sequencing and screening of an sncRNA database with confirmatory analysis by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Main Outcome Measure(s) Expression profile of sncRNAs in leiomyoma and matched myometrium. Result(s) Screening our previously determined RNA sequencing data with the sncRNA database resulted in identification of 15 small nuclear (sn) RNAs, 284 small nucleolar (sno) RNAs, 98 Piwi-interacting (pi) RNAs, 152 transfer (t) RNAs, and 45 ribosomal (r) RNAs, of which 15 snoRNAs, 24 piRNAs, 7 tRNAs, and 6 rRNAs were differentially expressed at a 1.5-fold change cutoff in leiomyoma compared with myometrium. We selected 5 snoRNAs, 4 piRNAs, 1 tRNA, and 1 rRNA that were differentially expressed and confirmed their expression in paired tissues (n = 20) from both phases of the menstrual cycle with the use of qRT-PCR. The results indicated up-regulation of the snoRNAs (SNORD30, SNORD27, SNORA16A, SNORD46, and SNORD56) and down-regulation of the piRNAs (piR-1311, piR-16677, piR-20365, piR-4153), tRNA (TRG-GCC5–1), and rRNA (RNA5SP202) expression in leiomyoma compared with myometrium (P Conclusion(s) Our results provide the first evidence for the differential expression of additional classes of sncRNAs and AGO2 in leiomyoma, implicating their roles as a gene regulatory mechanism.
Protein Engineering as an Enabling Tool for Synthetic Biology

As genetic tools and understanding of protein biochemistry, cell physiology, and metabolism continue to grow, so does the integration of engineered proteins into synthetic biological systems. While not exhaustive, this chapter first summarizes the key methods and tools in protein engineering. This includes descriptions of rational and combinatorial protein design, as well as the interface of these two (semirational design). Noteworthy and thought-provoking examples are then presented in which these tools were effectively applied to achieve improved or novel protein properties, leading to improved or novel cellular properties.
Injecting floating-point testing knowledge into test generators

Floating-point unit (FPU) verification is a known challenge, due to the variety of corner cases both in its data path and control flow. We have identified a gap in the coverage of FP corner cases that combine special data and control scenarios. We propose a solution based on combining the deep FP knowledge of a special FP test generator with the strength of a general-purpose test generator. We present a novel FP testing knowledge package (FPTK) that consists of a weighted set of FP scenarios. We explain the flow of combining the existing tools with the FPTK and demonstrate its effect.
Adaptive Optimal Steady State Control of Nonlinear Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the adaptive optimal steady state control of nonlinear systems. If the plant dynamics are unknown and vary from time to time in an unpredictable manner, it is evident that some type of identification scheme must be incorporated into the system operation to achieve and maintain optimal performance in any meaningful sense. The techniques which have been proposed to cope with this problem, often referred to as an adaptive or adaptive-optimal control problem, usually require some a priori information of the plant dynamic characteristics, for example, the order and form of the differential equations may be known though some of the coefficients may be unknown. Such techniques are useful when the order and form of the plant differential equations are known. An adaptive optimal control scheme which does not rely upon a priori knowledge of the order or form of the plant differential equations is the Draper and Li extremum or peak holding controller.
A Microstructural Analysis of Polymer Networks Formed from Graft Copolymers in Mixed Aqueous Solvents

SUMMARY Biphasic films and hydrogels composed of hydrophobic microdomains dispersed throughout a hydrophilic polymer network have the ability to absorb and release permeants in a controlled manner in proportion to permeant hydrophobicity. This property makes these materials of value in controlled release and chromatographic separation processes. Prototype materials have been prepared from a hydrocarbon-grafted water soluble cellulose ether using two approaches - spontaneous microdomain formation in ethanol/water solutions, and surfactant-mediated formation of microdomains. The bulk and microscopic properties of the materials have been investigated using rheological and fluorescence probe techniques and calorimetry.
Dynamic regulation of proinflammatory cytokines.

Proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), are proteins created and released by a wide variety of immune cells in response to infection, inflammation, and tissue damage. These proteins have long been recognized as critical communication factors for orchestrating early responses of immune cells to such immune challenges. More recently, it has become accepted that these same proinflammatory cytokines are key mediators of immune-to-brain communication as well. In this role, proinflammatory cytokines communicate to the brain, thereby orchestrating sickness responses including fever, decreased food, and water intake, increased sleep, increased pain responsivity, and so forth (Kent, Bluthe, Kelley, & Dantzer, 1992; Maier & Watkins, 1998). Thus, it is clear that proinflammatory cytokines are importantly involved in the response of both the immune system and the central nervous system in these situations.
Detection of intestinal obstruction by radionuclide scan: case report.

The value of /sup 99m/Technetium-pertechnetate abdomen scan has recently been established in the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum, intussusception, and inflamed appendix. The purpose of this paper is to report a case with small intestinal obstruction secondary to fibrous adhesions which resulted from a previous surgery, in whom a /sup 99m/Technetium-pertechnetate abdomen scan showed increased radionuclide concentration in the area of dilated loop of bowel proximal to the site of obstruction.
Proteoglycan core protein is accumulated in cultured chondrocytes in the presence of the ionophore monensin

The nature of the proteoglycan antigen which accumulates in chick embryo chondrocytes that had been incubated in monensin was examined. Both the culture media and cell lysates were immunoprecipitated using antibody which primarily is directed against core protein. Gel filtration and electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitates showed that molecules corresponding to completed proteoglycan, core protein, and link protein were present in the immunoprecipitates. Monensin caused the cellular accumulation of core protein which was both underglycosylated and undersulfated. These results suggest that monensin affects early events of proteoglycan biosynthesis and that it may be useful for elucidating those events.
Control over working time and work-Life balance: a detailed analysis of the Canada Labour Code Part III

This research report for the Federal Labour Standards Review Commission examines the legislation regulating working time in the federal jurisdiction in Canada and uses the available empirical evidence to assess the legislation's ability to promote flexibility and work-life balance. It also compares the federal legislation with how other jurisdictions in Canada regulate working time and identifies the distributive implications of working-time regimes and the policy trade-offs involved with different types of regimes. The report concludes that it is time to revise the working-time regime in the federal jurisdiction and to institutionalize a form of regulated flexibility that better addresses the needs and preferences of the workforce and the operational requirements of employers. It offers a number of recommendations for legal rules that are designed to promote working-time arrangements that are healthy, family-friendly, foster gender equality, advance productivity, and facilitate worker choice and influence over their hours of work.
“I'm gonna get me a loosie” Understanding single cigarette purchases by adult smokers in a disadvantaged section of New York City

This study seeks to update and expand our understanding of the perceptions and purchasing patterns of smokers of single cigarettes ('loosies') in disadvantaged urban areas. Semi-structured guides were used in thirteen focus groups with 67 self-identified adult smokers from the South Bronx section of New York City in summer 2013. There is wide availability of single cigarettes in the South Bronx, with legitimate stores overwhelmingly being the preferred venue for purchases. Single cigarettes are sold at higher per-unit prices than illicit packs. However, buyers of single cigarettes can achieve cost savings compared to legal, fully taxed cigarette packs. Apart from cost-savings, smokers opt for single cigarettes to reduce their personal cigarette consumption. There is a general perception of market resilience despite law enforcement intervention. However, law enforcement has a limiting effect on access to single cigarettes outside of an individual smoker's immediate neighborhood. The findings suggest that single cigarette sales are an important element of the illicit cigarette market in disadvantaged communities which should not be ignored in future research on the nature and extent of cigarette tax avoidance and evasion.
Cultivation and characterization of the bacterial assemblage of epsomic Basque Lake, BC.

Athalassohaline waters that are rich in divalent ions are good analogues for the chemical environments of Mars and the ocean worlds. Sulfate salts, along with chlorides, are important in Mars regolith with Ca, Fe, Mg, and Na counterions. Certain lakes in the Pacific Northwest are saturated with MgSO4 as epsomite. Here we report on the microbial community of Basque Lake, BC, a group of playas that is saturated with MgSO4. More than 60 bacterial isolates were obtained from Basque Lake soils by enrichment culture and repetitive streak-plating using media containing 10% (~ 1.7 M) NaCl or 50% (~ 2 M) MgSO4. Most of the isolates (~ 75%) were Gram-positive, motile, and produced endospores. Isolates related to Marinococcus halophilus and Virgibacillus marismortui dominated the collection. Halomonas and Salinivibrio were Gram-negative genera found at Basque Lake. Nearly all of the Basque Lake isolates grew at 50% MgSO4, with 65% growing at 60% MgSO4. Several isolates could grow in saturated (67%) MgSO4 (aw = 0.90). All of the isolates grew at 10% NaCl with 70% growing at 20% salinity (~ 3.5 M NaCl; aw = 0.82). Basque Lake isolates grew better at basic pH than acidic pH, with 80% growing at pH 9 and 30% growing at pH 10. Only 20% of the isolates grew at pH 5. Numerical taxonomy dendrograms based on 44 phenetic characteristics showed a strong correspondence to phylogenetic trees constructed from 16S rRNA gene sequences. Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene sequences from direct DNA extracts of Basque Lake soils recovered predominantly Proteobacteria (60%), Firmicutes (11%), and unclassified bacteria (27%). Microbes capable of growth under the extreme chemical conditions of Mars are a particular concern for forward planetary protection should they contaminate a spacecraft.
Canine-Assisted Therapy in Hospitalized Patients Awaiting Heart Transplantation.

Objectives Patients awaiting heart transplantation can be listed for prolonged periods of time and, as a result, the prevalence of anxiety and depression is high. Our study evaluates the feasibility of canine-assisted therapy (CAT) in this population. Methods A prospective, multicenter study was performed on all status 1a patients admitted during a 12-month period to await transplantation. Patients were asked to complete the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 at baseline, week 2, and week 6, and the Perceived Stress Scale at baseline and week 4. At the conclusion of the study, patients completed a questionnaire assessing the overall efficacy of CAT. Results Baseline measures demonstrated high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. The complete Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (average score 10.9 vs 8; P = 0.14) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (average score 12.3 vs 9.5; P = 0.057) scores decreased from baseline to week 6 and the Perceived Stress Scale (average score 29.8 vs 27; P = 0.16) decreased from baseline to week 4 with trends toward significance. All of the patients perceived CAT as improving the overall quality of hospitalization, would recommend CAT to other patients, and would elect for CAT during subsequent admissions. No infectious concerns were reported. Conclusions Anxiety, stress, and depression are prevalent among 1a heart transplantation candidates, and CAT is a welcomed adjunct to the usual medical care in this population.
Formation of 2-halomethylene-4-cyclopentene-1,3-diones and/or 2-halo-1,4-benzoquinones via ring-expansion of 4-ethynyl-4-hydroxy-2,3-substituted-2-cyclobuten-1-ones. Total synthesis of methyl linderone

Abstract An in-depth study of the reactions of 4-(ethynyl)-4-hydroxy-2,3-substituted-2-cyclobuten-1-ones with N -bromo- or N -iodosuccinimide, affording in most cases 2-halomethylene-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione, is described. This reaction was used in a short total synthesis of methyl linderone.
Latest Devonian (Famennian, expansa Zone) conodonts and sponge-microbe symbionts in Pinyon Peak Limestone, Star Range, southwestern Utah, lead to reevaluation of global Dasberg Event

Abstract We document the signature of the late Famennian (Early expansa Zone) multi-phase Dasberg Event, previously termed ALFIE, in Utah and Colorado. The Dasberg was a major event, not a crisis, because it resulted from a eustatic rise that introduced the Etroeungt fauna, consisting of large solitary rugose corals and unusually large brachiopods, from an as yet undiscovered refugium. This “Lazarus” fauna was short-lived; it disappeared within a few million years, as a result of the more intensely studied end-Devonian (D—C) Hangenberg Extinction Event. Our research centers on a meter-thick sponge-microbe symbiont bed at the top of the lower member of the Pinyon Peak Limestone at Elephant Canyon, Star Range, southwestern Utah, USA, which formed during an early phase of the Dasberg Event. This “disaster” bed is well dated by conodont faunas in beds just below and just above. Superficially resembling stromatolites, the meter-thick symbiont bed contains microscopically interlayered sponges and microbialites. Occurring with the symbionts are bryozoans, brachiopods, and megascopic stromatoporoid sponges. This is arguably the first reported occurrence of late Famennian stromatoporoids in North America. Mounds at the top of the biostrome represent the last growth stage of the biostrome, which was arrested by development of a bored hardground. The mounds, which contain the same biota as the symbiont bed, were bored by unknown organisms. By combining our findings at Elephant Canyon with known data on Devonian ∂13C positive excursions, we determined that the biostrome developed at a time of warming during the otherwise cool late Famennian. The presence of a stromatolite-like symbiont bed is suggestive of an extinction event, especially as the environment of deposition represents shallow water, but with normal salinity, allowing growth of a diverse biota. Conodont faunas of the Pinyon Peak Limestone in the Star Range were pivotal in development of a late Famennian conodont biofacies model. Our re-dating of conodont faunas enables an improved correlation of the ∂13C curve between localities in Utah and Colorado.
CHANGES IN PELVIC TILT DURING THREE DIFFERENT RECIPROCAL STANCE POSITIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SACROILIAC JOINT REGIONAL PAIN.

Purpose Essential to the successful management of patients with sacroiliac joint pain (SIJP) is understanding how these joints move. The innominates tilt together in the same direction with symmetrical activities (i.e. forward-bending) but move opposite of one another when performing asymmetrical activities (i.e. walking). How they move in patients with SIJP is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine inter-innominate movement (tilt) when assuming three different stance positions to describe how the innominate bones move in those with and without SIJP. Study type Observational Cohort Study. Methods Twenty-eight participants were classified into two groups; SIJP with low back pain (LBP), and no SIJP or LBP. SIJP participants were further classified into groups with left or right pelvic tilt. Pelvic tilt was measured during neutral standing and in both left-sided and right-sided reciprocal stance, with a full-stride (one hip fully flexed the other fully extended) and in a half-stride position, which mimic the double-stance phase of gait. A repeated measure ANOVA assessed for differences between Groups (Level, Left or Right Pelvic Tilt), stance side position (left/right), and stride length (full/half). Results The was a significant Group main effect (F [2, 25] = 130.2, p 0.05), but each was different from the mean for the left pelvic tilt group (p < 0.05). Conclusions When assuming an asymmetrical stance position, the innominates tilt opposite of each other in those without SIJP. In patients with SIJP they behave in the normal fashion in one asymmetrical stance position but not the other. Instead of tilting opposite, as expected, the innominates remain symmetrical, dependent on the side of the presenting pelvic tilt. Level of Evidence 2b.
INFLAMMATION AND EXERCISE INTOLERANCE IN HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION

Inflammation has been implicated in the pathobiology of HFpEF. We examined the association of upstream mediators of inflammation as ascertained by eicosanoid metabolites, with exercise manifestations of HFpEF. We studied 516 participants (mean age 57, 62% women) with chronic dyspnea and preserved
Moving Beyond Access: Predictors of Maternity and Paternity Leave Duration in the United States

Parental leave has been linked to numerous positive child and family outcomes, yet little is known about which new mothers and fathers take longer parental leaves. Using structural equation modeling, we examined the financial, demographic, identity-relevant, and job characteristics that predict the duration of maternity and paternity leave in a community sample of 130 U.S. dual-earner couples who were followed across their transition to parenthood in 2008–2009. The findings show that financial characteristics, especially paid leave, are important for leave duration for both parents. In addition, identity-relevant and demographic characteristics mattered to length of paternity leave, whereas job characteristics were relevant to length of maternity leave. For fathers, longer leaves were associated with a greater proportion of paid leave, older paternal age, having a less planned pregnancy, and lower endorsement of maternal essentialism. For mothers, longer leaves were associated with a greater proportion of paid leave, higher household income, and lower job satisfaction. Together, these predictors explained 21% of the variance in maternity leave duration and 30% of the variance in paternity leave duration. In order for all U.S. parents, including fathers and low-income mothers, to reap the benefits of parental leave, financially incentivized leave would be most beneficial.
Every Student Succeeds Act and social emotional learning: opportunities and considerations for P-12 arts educators

Relationships between the 2015 Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), arts education, and Social Emotional Learning (SEL) have gone largely unexplored. The purpose of this article is to investigate how...
High-temperature effects on creep-fatigue interaction of the Alloy 709 austenitic stainless steel

Abstract High-temperature creep-fatigue behavior of the Alloy 709 is investigated by performing strain-controlled creep-fatigue tests at 650 °C and 750 °C with tensile hold times of 0, 60, 600, 1,800 and 3,600 s at 1% strain range and strain rate of 2 × 10−3 s−1. Results revealed that creep-fatigue life at 650 °C fluctuates due to Dynamic Strain Aging (DSA) during hold periods. Linear damage summation (LDS) was employed to construct the creep-fatigue interaction diagram of the alloy at different loading conditions. An increased density of cracks and creep cavities is observed at 750 °C with less dislocation density compared to 650 °C.
Bias measurement in, bias results out: how an assumption free height adjusted weight model outperforms body mass index

Abstract Objective Body mass index (BMI) is the most commonly used predictor of weight-related comorbidities and outcomes. However, the presumed relationship between height and weight intrinsic to BMI may introduce bias with respect to prediction of clinical outcomes. Using Vanderbilt University Medical Center’s deidentified electronic health records and landmark methodology, we performed a series of analyses comparing the performance of models representing weight and height as separate interacting variables to models using BMI. Methods Model prediction was evaluated with respect to established weight-related cardiometabolic traits, metabolic syndrome and its components hypertension, diabetes mellitus, low high-density lipoprotein, and elevated triglycerides, as well as cardiovascular outcomes, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and peripheral artery disease. Model performance was evaluated using likelihood ratio, R2, and Somers’ Dxy rank correlation. Differences in model predictions were visualized using heatmaps. Results Regardless of outcome, the maximally flexible model had a higher likelihood ratio, R2, and Somers’ Dxy rank correlation for event-free prediction probability compared to the BMI model. Performance differed based on the outcome and across the height and weight range. Conclusions Compared to BMI, modeling height and weight as independent, interacting variables results in less bias and improved predictive accuracy for all tested traits. Study Importance Questions What is already known about this subject? Body mass index, derived from collected height and weight measures, is an imperfect proxy measure of body fat composition often used in medical research. What are the new findings in your manuscript? We demonstrate how BMI introduces complex non-uniform biases across outcome and height-weight space. How might your results change the direction of research or the focus of clinical practice? Modeling height and weight as separate, non-linear, interacting variables improves clinical prediction across the complete spectrum of heights and weights for all clinical out-comes.
Empirical Energetic Costs of Under-Ice Surveys to Guide Vehicle and Mission Design

We present estimates of common actions associated with under-ice surveys and their energetic costs by examining data collected by two versions of the tethered, battery-operated unmanned underwater vehicle Icefin during 175 hours of operations under sea ice, glaciers and ice shelves. Our method and analysis yield design guidance for battery-operated unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) based on empirical evidence of the energy used to conduct a variety of oceanographic surveys under ice. Operator decisions are shown to significantly change the variance of a common action, allowing for energy reduction by modifying operator behavior, preventing a costly design change. The total energy released while performing common under-ice survey actions are shown to illustrate the most significant opportunities for improved efficiency in future vehicle designs.
Follow-up After Burn Injury Is Disturbingly Low and Linked With Social Factors

For medical and social reasons, it is important that burn patients attend follow-up appointments (FUAs). Our goal was to examine the factors leading to missed FUAs in burn patients. A retrospective chart review was conducted of adult patients admitted to the burn center from 2016 to 2018. Data collected included burn characteristics, social history, and zip code. Data analysis was conducted using chi-square, Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests, and multivariate regression models. A total of 878 patients were analyzed, with 224 (25.5%) failing to attend any FUAs and 492 (56.0%) missing at least one appointment (MA). Patients who did not attend any FUAs had smaller burns (4.5 [8]% vs 6.5 [11]% median [inter quartile range]), traveled farther (70.2 [111.8] vs 52.5 [76.7] miles), and were more likely to be homeless (22.8% vs 6.9%) and have drug dependence (47.3% vs 27.2%). Patients who had at least one MA were younger (42 [26] vs 46 [28] years) and more likely to be homeless (17.5% vs 2.6%) and have drug dependence (42.5% vs 19.4%). On multivariate analysis, factors associated with never attending an FUA were distance from hospital (odds ratio [OR] 1.004), burn size (OR 0.96), and homelessness (OR 0.33). Factors associated with missing at least one FUA: age (OR 0.99), drug dependence (OR 0.46), homelessness (OR 0.22), and Emergency Department visits (OR 0.56). A high percentage of patients fail to make any appointment following their injury and/or have at least one MA. Both FUAs and MAs are influenced by social determinants of health.
Species-scale genomic analysis of S. aureus genes influencing phage host range and their relationships to virulence and antibiotic resistance genes

Abstract Phage therapy has been proposed as a possible alternative treatment for infections caused by the ubiquitous bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. However, successful phage therapy requires knowing both host and phage genetic factors influencing host range for rational cocktail formulation. To further our understanding of host range, we searched 40,000+ public S. aureus genome sequences for previously identified phage resistance genes. We found that phage adsorption targets and genes that block phage assembly were significantly more conserved than genes targeting phage biosynthesis. Core phage resistance genes had similar nucleotide diversity, ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitutions, and functionality (measured by delta-bitscore) to other core genes in a set of 380 non-redundant S. aureus genomes (each from a different MLST sequence type). Non-core phage resistance genes were significantly less consistent with the core genome phylogeny than all non-core genes in this set. Only superinfection immunity genes correlated with empirically determined temperate phage resistance, accessory genome content, and numbers of accessory antibiotic resistance or virulence genes encoded per strain. Taken together, these results suggested that, while phage adsorption genes are heavily conserved in the S. aureus species, they are not undergoing positive selection, arms race dynamics. They also suggested genes classified as involved in assembly are least phylogenetically constrained and superinfection immunity genes best predict both empirical phage resistance and levels of phage-mediated HGT. Importance Staphylococcus aureus is a widespread, hospital- and community-acquired pathogen that is commonly antibiotic resistant. It causes diverse diseases affecting both the skin and internal organs. Its ubiquity, antibiotic resistance, and disease burden make new therapies urgent, such as phage therapy, in which viruses specific to infecting bacteria clear infection. S. aureus phage host range not only determines whether phage therapy will be successful by killing bacteria but also horizontal gene transfer through transduction of host genetic material by phages. In this work, we comprehensively reviewed existing literature to build a list of S. aureus phage resistance genes and searched our database of almost 43,000 S. aureus genomes for these genes to understand their patterns of evolution, finding that prophages’ superinfection immunity correlates best with phage resistance and HGT. These findings improved our understanding of the relationship between known phage resistance genes and phage host range in the species.