cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design and Evaluation of Identifiable Key-Click Signals for Mobile Devices

As touch based input becomes more popular in mobile devices, there is an increasing need for haptic feedback on key-less input surface. Four experiments were conducted to design and evaluate identifiable emulated key-click signals using a piezoelectric actuator. Experiments I and II assessed the information transmission capacity for the amplitude, frequency, and number of cycles of raised cosine waveforms used to drive the piezo actuators under fixed- and roving-background conditions, respectively. Experiment III estimated the total information transfer for all three parameters. The results were used to reduce the number of stimulus alternatives in the key-click signal set with the goal to achieve perfect identification performance. Experiment IV verified that up to 5 to 6 identifiable key-click signals could be achieved with the experimental setup. The present study outlines an information theoretic approach to conducting identification experiments to guide the design of and to evaluate a perfectly identifiable stimulus set. The methodology can be applied to other applications in need of perceptually identifiable stimulation patterns.
Power electronic interface with ultracapacitors and motor control for a fuel cell electric vehicle

In this paper, the power electronic interface with ultra-capacitor hybridization for a fuel cell electric vehicle system is presented. The isolated DC/DC converter topologies for interface has been analyzed based on performance, cost, size, volume, component count and simplicity. Another feature of the topology is the use of ultra-capacitor bank and the reduction of battery pack size. The proposed approach consists of a full-bridge DC/DC converter to boost the fuel cell voltage. The induction motor operated with vector control is driven by a three-phase PWM inverter supplied by the DC-link voltage. The investigation of the electric vehicle performance due to parameter variation of the induction motor is also reported.
A Hierarchical Optimization Framework for Autonomic Performance Management of Distributed Computing Systems

This paper develops a scalable online optimization framework for the autonomic performance management of distributed computing systems operating in a dynamic environment to satisfy desired quality-ofservice objectives. To efficiently solve the performance management problems of interest in a distributed setting, we develop a hierarchical structure where a highlevel limited-lookahead controller manages interactions between lower-level controllers using forecast operating and environment parameters. We develop the overall control structure, and as a case study, show how to efficiently manage the power consumed by a computer cluster. Using workload traces from the Soccer World Cup 98 web site, we show via simulations that the proposed method is scalable, has low run-time overhead, and adapts quickly to time-varying workload patterns.
Interleukin-12: A Proinflammatory Cytokine with Immunoregulatory Functions that Bridge Innate Resistance and Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine produced mostly by phagocytic cells in response to bacteria, bacterial products, and intracellular parasites, and to some degree by B lymphocytes. IL-12 induces cytokine production, primarily of IFN-gamma, from NK and T cells, acts as a growth factor for activated NK and T cells, enhances the cytotoxic activity of NK cells, and favors cytotoxic T lymphocyte generation. In vivo IL-12 acts primarily at three stages during the innate resistance/adaptive immune response to infection: 1. Early in the infection, IL-12 is produced and induces production from NK and T cells of IFN-gamma, which contributes to phagocytic cell activation and inflammation; 2. IL-12 and IL-12-induced IFN-gamma favor Th1 cell differentiation by priming CD4+ T cells for high IFN-gamma production; and 3. IL-12 contributes to optimal IFN-gamma production and to proliferation of differentiated Th1 cells in response to antigen. The early preference expressed in the immune response depends on the balance between IL-12, which favors Th1 responses, and IL-4, which favors Th2 responses. Thus, IL-12 represents a functional bridge between the early nonspecific innate resistance and the subsequent antigen-specific adaptive immunity.
Implementation of the entropy viscosity method with the discontinuous Galerkin method

The notion of entropy viscosity method introduced in Guermond and Pasquetti [21] is extended to the discontinuous Galerkin framework for scalar conservation laws and the compressible Euler equations.
Hyperspectral imaging and spectral-spatial classification for cancer detection

Hyperspectral imaging is an emerging technology for biomedical applications. In this study, an advanced image processing and classification method is proposed to analyze hyperspectral image data for prostate cancer detection. Least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs) were developed and evaluated for classifying hyperspectral data in order to enhance the detection of cancer tissue. The method was used to detect prostate cancer in tumor-bearing mice. Spatially resolved images were created to highlight the differences of the reflectance properties of cancer versus those of normal tissue. Preliminary results in mice show that the hyperspectral imaging and classification method was able to reliably detect prostate tumors in the animal model. The hyperspectral imaging technique may provide a new tool for optical diagnosis of cancer.
Leaching as a source of residual particles from nebulization of deionized water

Abstract Significant number densities of ultrafine (diameters nm ) residual particles have been found from the evaporation of droplets of deionized water. Particle number densities as high as 10 6 cm −3 have been observed, having geometric means and standard deviations of about 55 nm and 1.45, respectively. These particles are not solely due to impurities native to the water. Distributions and total aerosol loadings (in terms of both number and mass) are shown to depend on water pH, on the material of the storage container, and the storage time. Residual particles are hypothesized to result both from impurities in the water and leaching from the storage container walls.
Organizing Work by Adaptation

Common sense suggests that work is organized in accordance with plans that are created by designers who reflect on the work setting and manipulate representations of the work process in order to determine new and efficient organizational structures. Or, even if "outside" designers are not involved, the reorganization of work is normally attributed to the conscious reflection by members of the work group itself. A detailed examination of the response of a real-world group to a sudden and unexpected change in its informational environment shows that these common sense assumptions may be quite misleading. While entering a harbor, a large ship suffered an engineering breakdown that disabled an important piece of navigational equipment. This paper considers the response of the ship's navigation team to the changed task demands imposed by the loss of this equipment. Following a rather chaotic search of the space of computational and social organizational alternatives, the team arrived at a new stable work configuration. In retrospect, this solution appears to be just the sort of solution we would hope designers could produce However, while some aspects of the response appear to be the products of conscious reflection, others, particularly those concerning the division of cognitive labor, are shown to arise without reflection from adaptations by individuals to what appear to them as local task demands. It is argued that while the participants may have represented and thus learned the solution after it came into being, the solution was clearly discovered by the organization itself before it was discovered by any of the participants.
Analyzing software licenses in open architecture software systems

A substantial number of enterprises and independent software vendors are adopting a strategy in which software-intensive systems are developed with an open architecture (OA) that may contain open source software (OSS) components or components with open APIs. The emerging challenge is to realize the benefits of openness when components are subject to different copyright or property licenses. In this position paper, we identify key properties of OSS licenses, present a license analysis scheme, and discuss our approach for automatically analyzing license interactions.
High Rate of Recent Transposable Element–Induced Adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster

Although transposable elements (TEs) are known to be potent sources of mutation, their contribution to the generation of recent adaptive changes has never been systematically assessed. In this work, we conduct a genomewide screen for adaptive TE insertions in Drosophila melanogaster that have taken place during or after the spread of this species out of Africa. We determine population frequencies of 902 of the 1,572 TEs in Release 3 of the D. melanogaster genome and identify a set of 13 putatively adaptive TEs. These 13 TEs increased in population frequency sharply after the spread out of Africa. We argue that many of these TEs are in fact adaptive by demonstrating that the regions flanking five of these TEs display signatures of partial selective sweeps. Furthermore, we show that eight out of the 13 putatively adaptive elements show population frequency heterogeneity consistent with these elements playing a role in adaptation to temperate climates. We conclude that TEs have contributed considerably to recent adaptive evolution (one TE-induced adaptation every 200–1,250 y). The majority of these adaptive insertions are likely to be involved in regulatory changes. Our results also suggest that TE-induced adaptations arise more often from standing variants than from new mutations. Such a high rate of TE-induced adaptation is inconsistent with the number of fixed TEs in the D. melanogaster genome, and we discuss possible explanations for this discrepancy.
Theoretical analysis of Winsorizing smoothers and their applications to image processing

The Winsorizing smoother (W smoother), which is a center weighted median (CWM) filter giving more weight only to the central value of each window, is studied. This filter can preserve image details while suppressing additive white and/or impulsive-type noise. The statistical properties of the W smoother are analyzed. It is shown that the W smoother can outperform the median filter, while its implementation is almost as simple as median filtering. Some relationships between W smoothers and other median-type filters, such as the weighted median filter and the multi-stage median filter, are derived. >
Inexact uniformization and GMRES methods for large Markov chains

SUMMARY Inexact algorithms allow certain operations (typically matrix–vector products or certain function evaluations) to be performed inexactly, either out of necessity or deliberately, in view of trading accuracy for speed. We review recent findings that show the impact of the inexact approach in the uniformization and generalized minimal residual (GMRES) methods when computing the transient, stationary, and cumulative solutions of realistic Markov chain problems of large size arising from computer systems and biochemical reactions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new enantiopure d-camphor-derived palladacycle

Abstract d -Camphor O-methyloxime (HL, 1) was prepared as a 92:8 mixture of E and Z isomers in 74% yield from d -camphor, methoxyamine hydrochloride and NaOAc in ethanol. Reaction of oxime 1 with Na2PdCl4 in a 2:1 ratio in MeOH at rt provided the coordination complex PdCl2(HL)2 (2) in 67% yield. Cyclopalladation of oxime 1 using Pd(OAc)2 in acetic acid at 80 °C followed by treatment with LiCl furnished the chloro-bridged dimeric cyclopalladated complex [μ-ClPdL]2, 3, in 66% yield. Compound 3 was converted to the mononuclear PPh3 adduct 4 in 98% yield. The proposed structures of new complexes 2–4 were confirmed by 1H, 13C{1H}, DEPT, and 2D NMR spectra. X-ray crystal study of complex 3 revealed the anti geometry of two cyclopalladated ligands as well as the presence of the (sp3)C–Pd bond.
Family Structure, Family Processes, and Adolescent Delinquency: The Significance of Parental Absence Versus Parental Gender

One third of all children are born to unmarried mothers and over one half of children will spend some time in a single-parent family. In fact, single-father families are the fastest growing family form. Using data from the 1995 National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health, the authors extend prior research that has investigated the effects of growing up in a two-parent versus single-mother family by examining adolescent delinquency in single-father families, too. This strategy helps us to identify the mechanisms through which living with a single parent increases delinquency, notably, whether the effect is predominantly a function of parental absence (i.e., one versus two parents) or parental gender (i.e., single mother versus single father). The results indicate that adolescents in single-parent families are significantly more delinquent than their counterparts residing with two biological, married parents, although these differences are reduced once the authors account for various family processes....
An Analysis of Relationships Among Peer Support, Psychiatric Hospitalization, and Crisis Stabilization

This study’s objective was to investigate how peer support relates to psychiatric hospitalization and crisis stabilization utilization outcomes. The likelihood of experiencing a psychiatric hospitalization or a crisis stabilization was modeled for consumers using peer support services and a control group of consumers using community mental health services but not peer support with 2003 and 2004 Georgia Medicaid claims data; 2003 and 2004 Mental Health, Developmental Disability, and Addictive Diseases (MHDDAD) Community Information System data; and 2003 and 2004 MHDDAD Hospital Information System data. Peer support was associated with an increased likelihood (odds = 1.345) of crisis stabilization, a decreased but statistically insignificant likelihood (odds = 0.871) of psychiatric hospitalization overall, and a decreased and statistically significant (odds = .766) likelihood of psychiatric hospitalization for those who did not have a crisis stabilization episode.
Closed-circuit television pupillometer.

This paper describes a new digital pupillometer based on an infrared closed-circuit television system. The instrument displays the instantaneous pupil diameter in digital and/or analog mode. The sensitivity is better than 0.02 mm of full scale and linearity is better than 1%. Its frequency response is flat to 15 cps with a rise time less than 25 msec.
Attitude tracking control of an Airborne Wind Energy system

We study the control of an Airborne Wind Energy (AWE) system where a turbine is mounted on a rigid glider (or kite) with a fixed length tether connected between the kite center of gravity (CG) and the ground. The turbine on the kite in an AWE system extracts wind power in a high speed cross wind motion to efficiently harness energy. The model incorporates the full aircraft and inverted pendulum dynamics and results in an under-actuated and coupled system. In this paper, we discuss translation related velocity angles, which can be used to link the translational and rotational motion. A Lyapunov based nonlinear controller is designed to achieve a desired kite attitude trajectory for tracking a constant angle of attack. A baseline simulation of several successive power generation figure-eight cycles is presented.
FITNESS CONSEQUENCES OF CHOOSY OVIPOSITION FOR A TIME-LIMITED BUTTERFLY

For the majority of insects, a female's choice of oviposition site(s) greatly influences both the success of individual offspring and her own total fitness. Theory predicts that females most strongly limited by egg number will employ greater oviposition site discrimination than those predominately subject to time limitation. The reproductive success of the butterfly Pieris virginiensis at our Connecticut, USA, field site is strongly time constrained on two fronts. First, during their three-week flight season, only 60% of days and 28% of daytime hours were suitable for flight. Second, larval survival is impacted by the rapid senescence of their spring ephemeral host plant Dentaria diphylla, with eggs laid during the first half of the flight season having approximately three times the survival chance of those laid later. Yet, on average, females choose to oviposit on only half the plants they closely inspect and fly over most ramets without any inspection. Our experiments demonstrate that the preferred host ramets confer an approximate two-fold survival advantage. Females are not choosing plants that senesce later, despite the advantage that such plants would confer. We use empirical data on female behavior and larval performance to parameterize a simulation model. Model results suggest that, despite the notable time limitation in this system, the observed level of female oviposition site preference not only increases individual larval survival, but also total female fitness. Low egg loads in this species may contribute to selection for strong host plant discrimination.
Molecular Modeling: Considerations for the Design of Pharmaceuticals and Biopharmaceuticals

In this chapter, we provide the reader with a broad overview of the tools and techniques commonly used in the fields of molecular modeling and computer-assisted drug design (CADD) and at the same time present context with respect to the discovery, design, and development of therapeutic agents. Note is also made to some of the challenges that lie at the cutting edge of these disciplines. We highlight a number of techniques and related software programs as they apply to the development of therapeutic pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical agents.
Soil amendments yield persisting effects on the microbial communities—a 7-year study

Abstract Soil microbial communities are sensitive to carbon amendments and largely control the decomposition and accumulation of soil organic matter. In this study, we evaluated whether the type of carbon amendment applied to wheat-cropped or fallow soil imparted lasting effects on the microbial community with detectable differences in activity, population size, or community structure after a period of seven years post-amendment. The microbial communities from the top 10 cm of soil were analyzed for activity related to C-cycling (glucosidase, galactosidase), P-cycling (acid phosphatase), S-cycling (arylsulfatase), and N-cycling (β-glucosaminidase, arylamidase), in addition to fungal and bacterial abundance and structure. The amendments were applied at similar carbon rates for five years under annual wheat or continuous fallow and included cotton linters, sucrose, wheat residue, composted wheat residue, brassica residue, wood sawdust, alfalfa feed pellets, manure, biosolid and a no treatment control. Two crops, brassica and grass, were in the fallow treatments. The majority of the communities in the amended soils were not distinguishable from the no-treatment control. For amendments and crops that produced changes, significant differences in the population size and community structure were observable for fungi but not bacteria. Wood, sugar, and grass cropping produced the most pronounced effects on enzyme activity, fungal abundance and structure. Overall, the species of the planted crop had a significant effect on the soil enzyme activity and population size of fungi, with the greatest values under grass compared to wheat or brassica. The microbial communities were differentially affected by C source amendments in which the persistency of change and the aspect of the community affected (i.e. function, size, structure, kingdom) were dependent on amendment type.
THE ROLE OF INTRODUCED DISEASES IN THE EXTINCTION OF THE ENDEMIC HAWAIIAN AVIFAUNA

On the evening of Sunday, 18 January 1778, Captain James Cook first sighted the island of Kauai, thus discovering for the western world the Hawaiian Islands. Since then, that beautiful archipelago has experienced a series of extraordinary biotic changes. In general, the pattern has been one of destruction and replacement of native forms-human, plant, vertebrate and invertebrate animals. The endemic land avifauna, a unique assemblage of forest birds, was not exempt from these effects of "discovery." This avifauna has suffered extinction of nearly half its total species, and restriction of the remainder as remnant populations to a few high-mountain forest sanctuaries.
Observed Population Increase, Nymphal Weight Gain, and Oviposition Nonpreference as Indicators of Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae) Resistance in Glandless Cotton

Field cages were used to measure population increase of Lygus hesperus Knight on 52 glandless (gl) cotton breeder lines in comparison with the standard cultivar (‘Acala SJ-2’) a glanded (Gl) variety. Thirty-two of the gl lines produced significantly more L. hesperus than did the glanded ‘Acala SJ-2’ (1.9- to 2.5-fold more), whereas 20 gl lines were not different from ‘Acala SJ-2.’ Thirty-seven selected gl lines were further evaluated in a greenhouse for effect of cotton genotype on nymphal L. hesperus survival and growth rate and on adult oviposition preference. The results indicate that glandless cottons could be developed that are no more susceptible to L. hesperus than the cultivar ‘Acala SJ-2.’
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECT OF OXYTOCIN IN RODENTS AND A MARSUPIAL.

SummaryThe effects of oxytocm on arterial pressure and regional circulation were studied in rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and opossums. It was found that oxytocin increased arterial pressure in all species of animals studied. The magnitude of the increase in pressure was essentially in proportion to the doses given, but was greater in opossums than in 3 rodents studied. Oxytocin always increased arterial pressure more markedly in reserpinized rats than in control rats. However, the maximal pressure attained following equivalent doses of oxytocin was always lower in reserpinized rats than in control rats. The i.a. injection of oxytocin was found to increase the peripheral vascular resistance in rabbits, indicating the vasoconstricting effect of the drug.
Effects of Ethanol on Protein Synthesis

The disastrous clinical effects of chronic exposure to alcohol are well known, and disease involving many organs of the body including the brain, the heart, the pancreas, the liver, the muscles, and the peripheral nervous systems are well documented (1–4). However, the mechanism of destructive action on these various tissues are not as clearly understood.
Dietary Aspects of Weight Management in Cats and Dogs

The optimal weight loss diet for cats and dogs is best determined by obtaining a full dietary history and performing a detailed assessment of the pet, pet owner, and environment in which the pet lives. Incorporating information about pet and owner preferences allows for individualization of the weight management plan and has the potential to increase adherence. Calorie density, macronutrients, and micronutrient concentrations should be considered as part of a weight management plan. Owners should play an active role in the weight loss plan to have the best outcome.
Temporal/spatial expression of nuclear receptor coactivators in the mouse lung.

Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that retinoic acid nuclear receptor, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), and nuclear receptor coactivators such as cAMP response element binding prote...
Mahayana Buddhism and Whitehead

As many scholars have already pointed out, the modes of thought found in Whitehead’s philosophy and Mahayana Buddhism have striking affinities. Because of their great similarity, Whitehead’s philosophy and Mahayana Buddhism appear to be contiguous to one another, so much so that one could move from one to the other merely by taking a single step. Nevertheless, we must not overlook the important differences between the two. These differences, although subtle and often inconspicuous, are deeply rooted in the structure of their respective ways of thinking and of understanding reality. In other words, their differences are not of degree, or extent, but rather of quality and structure. This must be clarified and emphasized at the outset of our approach to the subject ‘Mahayana Buddhism and Whitehead.’
Microwave Dielectric Properties of Insects and Grain Kernels

ABSTRACTValues for the dielectric constant and loss factor, respectively the real and imaginary parts of the relative permittivity, were determined for the bodies of adult rice weevils and for the kernels of hard red winter wheat at a frequency of 9.4 GHz. Several studies are cited in which this type of information is useful, and the techniques for obtaining the dielectric properties of such materials are described.
Rectum: Management of the Urgent APR and Dissecting the “Frozen” Pelvis

This is a difficult clinical problem of continued bleeding per rectum requiring multiple transfusions of blood and blood products and invasive interventions in a clinical scenario of recurrent, advanced cancer with very limited palliation. The therapeutic interventions must be planned with a consideration of the following: (1) recurrent, fixed (inoperable for cure) cancer that makes total resection extremely difficult and dangerous; and (2) postoperative, postradiation frozen pelvis with dense adhesions that make iatrogenic injury to vital structures very likely and massive intra-operative blood loss and intra-operative mortality a distinct possibility. Various non-operative options to stop bleeding as well as the difficult operative choice of abdomino-perineal resection in a frozen pelvis will be discussed.
Properties of a flavonol-based photoCORM in aqueous buffered solutions: influence of metal ions, surfactants and proteins on visible light-induced CO release

The properties of the extended flavonol 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-benzo[g]chromen-4-one (2a) in DMSO : aqueous buffer solutions at pH = 7.4, including in the presence of metal ions, surfactants and serum albumin proteins, have been examined. Absorption and emission spectral studies of 2a in 1 : 1 DMSO : PBS buffer (pH = 7.4) indicate that a mixture of neutral and anionic forms of the flavonol are present. Notably, in 1 : 1 DMSO : TRIS buffer (pH = 7.4) only the neutral form of the flavonol is present. These results indicate that the nature of the buffer influences the acid/base equilibrium properties of 2a. Introduction of a Zn(II) complex of 2a− to a 1 : 1 DMSO : aqueous buffer (TRIS or PBS, pH = 7.4) solution produces absorption and emission spectral features consistent with the presence of a mixture of neutral 2a along with Zn(II)-coordinated or free 2a−. The nature of the anionic species present depends on the buffer composition. PBS buffered solutions (pH = 7.4) containing the surfactants CTAB or SDS enable 2a to be solubilized at a much lower percentage of DMSO (3.3–4.0%). Solutions containing the cationic surfactant CTAB include a mixture of 2a and 2a− whereas only the neutral flavonol is present in SDS-containing buffered solution. Compound 2a is also solubilized in TRIS buffer solutions at low cocentrations of DMSO (3.3%, pH = 7.4) in the presence of serum albumin proteins. Stern–Volmer analysis of the quenching of the inherent protein fluorescence indicates static binding of 2a to the proteins. The binding constant for this interaction is lower than that found for naturally-occurring flavonols (quercetin or morin) or 3-hydroxyflavone. Compound 2a binds to Site I of bovine and human serum albumin proteins as indicated by competition studies with warfarin and ibuprofen, as well as by docking investigations. The quantum yield for CO release from 2a (λirr = 419 nm) under aqueous conditions ranges from 0.0006(3) when the compound is bound to bovine serum albumin to 0.017(1) when present as a zinc complex in a 1 : 1 DMSO : H2O solution. Overall, the results of these studies demonstrate that 2a is a predictable visible light-induced CO release compound under a variety of aqueous conditions, including in the presence of proteins.
New potential for multimodal connection: exploring the relationship between taxi and transit in New York City (NYC)

Taxi trips have been somewhat neglected in transportation mobility and multimodal connection studies. The socio-demographic characteristics of taxi riders are often not fully revealed and the relationship between the taxi and fixed-route public transportation has not been sufficiently quantified. This research operationalizes the multifaceted relationship between the taxi and transit in an innovative way. We categorize taxi trips into three types: transit-competing, transit-complementing, and transit-extending trips, by examining the spatial relationship of taxi trips’ origins/destinations and the locations of transit stations using a New York global positioning system taxi trip dataset. The distinct characteristics of the three types of taxi trips reflect the different market segmentations that taxis serve and the competing, complementary, and supportive nature of the relationship between the taxi and transit. We also explore the demographic characteristics of taxi riders and the result reveals the important role of taxis in providing mobility options to the economically or physically challenged population. Among our many findings are that transit-extending taxi trips have significantly shorter average trip lengths and larger proportions of people paying with cash than other trip types. These and other results point to important policy implications for improving the multimodal connection between the taxi and transit.
An New Implementation of the Integrated Transport and Health Impacts Model for the United States

Background The Integrated Transport and Health Impacts Modelling (ITHIM) Tool has been used in data-rich environments of the UK, select US metros, and even Sao Paulo, Brazil. Its use has been limited, in part, because of its data requirements, format, and complexity. This work makes improvements to the US version of ITHIM, in particular to its module for estimating chronic disease burden reduction through change in population-level physical activity, to address these limitations. Methods Using the R software and language, we have updated and improved the US implementation of ITHIM. The revised model includes improved discretization of the attributable fraction as well as clearer documentation of model runs, changes, and results. Results These improvements have produced results that were more stable in the face of variability of existing input parameters, particularly population-level non-travel active times. Conclusions The resulting package for R is freely available software for modeling the health impacts of transportation planning scenarios. We believe these improvements will appeal to a larger user base through its ease of use, improved documentation, and more powerful capabilities.
Toward an International Right Against Self-Incrimination: Expanding the Fifth Amendment's 'Compelled' to Foreign Compulsion

Today, the United States is routinely involved in cross-border criminal investigations. Unlike just a few years ago, however, foreign nations have begun their own investigations as well, in many instances probing the same (mis)conduct as the United States. While a welcomed change to some, intersections between U.S. and foreign investigations have triggered novel constitutional issues for American actors. For the first time, this Note will discuss a question that arises from these intersections: is testimony independently compelled by a foreign sovereign, under threat of sanction, “compelled” under the Constitution’s Fifth Amendment? This Note argues that it is. To arrive at this conclusion, this Note first engages with the same-sovereign rule, a rule endorsed by the Supreme Court’s recent venture into the extraterritoriality of the Fifth Amendment. Finding that the rule creates an interpretive tension with other terms in the Self-Incrimination Clause (the “Clause”), this Note suggests an alternative rule, one that achieves harmony among terms within the Clause. Following this interpretation, this Note argues that foreign compulsion triggers the Fifth Amendment, even when the United States is in no way involved in the compulsion. After finding that foreign compulsion is “compelled,” this Note moves on to decide how American courts should treat that testimony. While testimony compelled by U.S. authorities is owed use and derivative use immunity, this Note, upon noting the lack of absolute commitment to any one immunity standard in the Court’s precedents, decides if a lesser immunity standard, such as use only immunity, is more fitting. Acknowledging the weighty concerns to the contrary, this Note concludes that foreign-compelled testimony is owed use and derivative use immunity, but with the caveat that the government may make nonevidentiary uses of foreign-compelled testimony.
Growth of Common Bermudagrass as Influenced by Plant Growth Regulators, Soil Type and Nitrogen Fertility

Abstract An experiment was conducted on common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] in the greenhouse using three soil types, four nitrogen(N) levels and three plant growth regulators. Growth response was compared to a control. Cutting biomass, cumulative height, turf color, and evapotranspiration were studied over a 9 week period. Cutless® (flurprimidol) reduced cumulative height by as much as 83% and water consumption by as much as 27%. Embark® (mefluidide) and Limit® (amidochlor) did not provide significant long-term height suppression at any rate or any N level on the three soils. Biomass, cummulative height and color ratings of the bermudagrass were higher on the loam and clay soils compared to the sandy loam soil after growth regulators were applied. Phytotoxicity was observed in the form of leaf tip dieback and discoloration only with Cutless®. Turf discoloration was offset by increased nitrogen levels. However, nitrogen reduced the efficacy of Cutless®. By the ninth week, on the sandy loam s...
Abstract LB-265: 5’ gap-mediated long patch base excision repair

The base excision repair (BER) pathway is one of the most frequently used DNA repair mechanisms in the cell and modulates many human pathophysiological conditions related to DNA damage. Through live cell and in vitro reconstitution experiments, we have discovered a novel step in a sub-pathway of the conventional long-patch BER that involves formation of a 9 nt gap 5’ to the lesion, which is mediated by RECQ1 DNA helicase and ERCC1-XPF endonuclease in cooperation with PARP1 and RPA. The novel step is employed during repair of a variety of DNA lesions, including oxidative and alkylation damage. Moreover, RECQ1 regulates the autoribosylation status of PARP1 and the choice between long-patch and single-nucleotide BER, which regulates cellular toxicity to DNA damage. Taken together, our results propose a revised model of the long-patch BER pathway and characterize a crucial regulation point for pathway choice in BER. Citation Format: Jordan Woodrick, Sharon Camacho, Swetha Parvathaneni, Sudha Sharma, Rabindra Roy. 5’ gap-mediated long patch base excision repair [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-265. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-265
Policing as Myth: Narrative and Integral Approaches to Police Identity and Culture

The role of police in US society remains a topic of ongoing controversy and discussion in both field literature and popular media. The multiple roles of police officers span from coercive instruments of social control (backed by state-sanctioned powers to use force), to suppressors of crime and disorder, to agents of social service and community assistance. Police culture and identity is discussed here as functions of persistent myths and archetypes as filtered through Graves, Beck and Cowan’s Spiral Dynamics theory of development. In addition, Wilber’s Integral meta-theory and elements of narrative psychology serve as appropriate theoretical mechanisms to organize and examine the roots and characteristics of police identity and culture.
Associations Between Parents’ and Young Adults’ Face-to-Face and Technologically Mediated Communication Competence: The Role of Family Communication Patterns:

This study examined associations between parents’ and young adults’ communication competence in the contexts of face-to-face (FtF) and technologically mediated communication (TMC). We investigated ...
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Tablet Computer Application (App) in Helping Students with Visual Impairments Solve Mathematics Problems

IntroductionThe authors examined a tablet computer application (iPad app) for its effectiveness in helping students studying pre-algebra to solve mathematical word problems.MethodsForty-three visua...
Second-Order Linear Equations

Several topics for second-order linear equations including the Sturm theorems, oscillation, boundary value problems, and Sturm-Liouville problems are studied.
Been there, done that, so what's next for arm and hand rehabilitation in stroke?

Background The extraordinary advances in technology such as body-worn sensors, health information technologies, technological advances in neuroimaging, and computational approaches to predictive modelling using biomarkers offers considerable promise to literally transform our thinking, our approach to the problem, and the design of future clinical trials about arm and hand rehabilitation after stroke. Objective To provide a focused review that considers the past, present and future of arm and hand rehabilitation in stroke. Method We organized this perspective into three parts: 1) Past- we summarize the past decade of the clinical trial enterprise in neurorehabilitation, 2) Present- we provide a brief review of three research areas where mechanistic studies that rely on uniquely human neural circuits provide a basis for promising intervention tools, and 3) Future-we highlight three unique research domains that are likely to provide the biggest impact on the future of post-stroke arm and hand recovery. Results The past has not been a complete failure- in particular, the EXCITE RCT put arm and hand rehabilitation on the map. Unfortunately, the majority of clinical trials that followed were based on an immature science of neurorehabilitation. We got drawn in by the seductive preclinical animal model work which suggested that dose and intensity of task-oriented training was the most important ingredient for fostering recovery in humans. While dose, and intensity are clearly important, they are of little value unless the stroke survivor is engaged, motivated, and the neural infrastructure provides enough resource to allow the recovery process. Recently, we noticed an increase in mechanistic and theory-driven studies, findings from which will not only advance our understanding of critical brain-behavior mechanisms, but will provide a more mature science moving into the future. Conclusions The good news is that there is evidence that we learned from the past and have invented a future that appears to be much more exciting and promising than the past.
Lessons Learned From Food & Fitness About Building Successful Partnerships: Focus, Capacity, and Sustainability:

Approaches undertaken by the Food & Fitness (F&F) community partnerships demonstrate that engaging community residents in the process of creating systems change strengthens the ability of neighborhoods, organizations, and institutions to foster and sustain those changes over time. The F&F partnerships were established to increase access to locally grown food and safe places for physical activity for children and families in communities with inequities across the United States. A critical focus of this initiative has been to use community-determined approaches to create changes in policies, infrastructures, and systems that will lead not only to change but also to sustainable change that positively influences health equity. During the 9 years of the initiative, lessons were learned about the fundamental elements that built the foundation for success across all partnership work. Data were extracted from the systems and policy change tracking forms related to efforts for all F&F sites over the entire implementation period (2009-2016). Documentation related to both the process and outcomes of the efforts were qualitatively analyzed to determine factors related to success. The following factors have emerged from our analyses and uncover a deeper understanding of what actions and factors were critical for the work: focus of the work over time, capacity built in the partnerships, and sustainability of the work and outcomes.
Multitasking with Play Write, a Mobile Microproductivity Writing Tool

Mobile devices offer people the opportunity to get useful tasks done during time previously thought to be unusable. Because mobile devices have small screens and are often used in divided attention scenarios, people are limited to using them for short, simple tasks; complex tasks like editing a document present significant challenges in this environment. In this paper we demonstrate how a complex task requiring focused attention can be adapted to the fragmented way people work while mobile by decomposing the task into smaller, simpler microtasks. We introduce Play Write, a microproductivity tool that allows people to edit Word documents from their phones via such microtasks. When participants used Play Write while simultaneously watching a video, we found that they strongly preferred its microtask-based editing approach to the traditional editing experience offered by Mobile Word. Play Write made participants feel more productive and less stressed, and they completed more edits with it. Our findings suggest microproductivity tools like Play Write can help people be productive in divided attention scenarios.
Empirical analysis of productivity enhancement strategies in the North American automotive industry

Abstract Even though there is a pressing need for continuous productivity improvement, studies that employ robust empirical analysis of strategies and factors to enhance productivity in the North American Automotive Industry are very scarce. In this study, robust and hybrid models of the most popular productivity measurement in the automotive industry, Hours per Vehicle (HPV), is developed. Data examined in this research was compiled for a 9-year period, 1999–2007, for North American automotive manufacturers. Through practical considerations and a comprehensive literature review, 14 important variables that influence HPV were defined and developed. A hybrid method, the combination of multiple M-estimators and a lasso, was developed and was shown to be the best method to determine a robust regression model to estimate HPV. The vehicle variety, number of available working days in a year, car model types, new model launch, and car assembly and capacity utilization penalize HPV. However, annual production volume, flexible and lean manufacturing, platform sharing strategy, and year of production improve HPV. Using lean and flexible manufacturing, platform strategy, and reducing the percentage of hourly employees help improve productivity and reduce HPV while launching a new vehicle. Additionally, Japanese plants were appeared to be the benchmark with respect to HPV, followed by joint ventures and American plants.
Concordance Rates Between Resident-Performed Ultrasound Measurements and Certified Sonographer Measurements.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound (US) estimated fetal weight (EFW) measurement compared with neonatal birth weight when performed by residents versus certified sonographers. The hypothesis tested was that residents and certified sonographers would not differ significantly in EFW or in EFW compared with neonatal birth weight. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 142 inpatients from July 2010 to May 2011 was conducted. Ultrasound examinations were performed by a resident physician and a certified sonographer within 7 days after the resident. Standard US measurements obtained were head circumference, biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, femur length, estimated gestational age, and EFW. Gestational age ranged from 20 to 39 weeks. The time from US to delivery, residency year, and birth weight were collected. Measurements were compared by paired t tests, the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and repeated-measures analysis of variance. RESULTS The US EFW by residents and sonographers showed excellent concordance with each other regardless of the neonatal birth weight. The resident and sonographer EFW each showed excellent concordance with the neonatal birth weight, and this concordance did not differ significantly between residents and sonographers for neonates weighing less than 1000 g (P = .61) and neonates weighing greater than or equal to 1000 to less than 2000 g (P = .93). The resident EFW (P < .05) and sonographer EFW (P < .01), however, were less than the neonatal birth weight for larger neonates (≥2000 g), but the degree of underestimation was not significantly different between residents and sonographers (P = .51). CONCLUSIONS Accurate EFW is critical for prenatal management. These data support the value of a dedicated month of US training in residency programs.
Social Capital and Tobacco Retail Outlet Density: An Empirical Test of the Relationship.

Purpose:To examine the relationship between tobacco outlet density and social capital.Participants:Parents of at least one teen (N = 2734) in a representative sample of US households with teens (ag...
Organometallic compounds solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2): Measurement techniques, variables affecting solubility, recent developments, and thermodynamic modeling

Abstract Organometallic compounds can widely be applied as reagents in the production and processing of new and advanced inorganic substances, as catalysts or precursors in preparation of different chemicals, and as chemotherapy drugs or in the design of novel medical therapeutics. Solubility data of the organometallic compounds in the supercritical fluids (SCFs) are required for establishing optimum operating conditions and designing of SCF processes. In addition, better knowledge on the dissolution phenomenon can be provided by mathematical modeling of organometallic compounds solubility in SCFs. Furthermore, solubility modeling can provide an approach to estimate solubility at different operating conditions with a minimum of experimental data. All this can enhance the development and progress rate of an SCF process. In this chapter, types of organometallic compounds, their solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2), measurement techniques, variables affecting solubility, recent developments, and thermodynamic modeling (model based on regular solution theory, empirical models, and equations of states (EOSs)) are discussed.