cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data mining library reuse patterns in user-selected applications

In this paper, we show how data mining can be used to discover library reuse patterns in user-selected applications. This can be helpful in building and debugging applications that use a particular library by observing how other developers have used that library in their applications. Specifically, we consider the problem of discovering association rules that identify library components that are often reused in combination by application components. For example, such a rule might tell us that application classes that inherit from a particular library class often override certain member functions. By querying and/or browsing such association rules, a developer can discover patterns for reusing library components. We illustrate the approach using our tool, CodeWeb, by demonstrating characteristic ways in which applications reuse components in the ET++ application framework.
The Genesis of Hurricane Guillermo: TEXMEX Analyses and a Modeling Study

Abstract The transformation of a mesoscale convective system into Hurricane Guillermo was captured by aircraft and Doppler wind data during the Tropical Experiment in Mexico. The early phase of the system evolves in a way very similar to previously documented mesoscale convective systems, with a midlevel mesocyclone developing in the stratiform precipitation region. More unusually, the cyclone extends to low altitudes: A weak cyclone is discernable even in the 300-m altitude wind field. After another day of evolution, a small, surface-based warm-core cyclone is observed to develop within the relatively cold air associated with the mesocyclone aloft. This mesocyclone develops into a hurricane over the subsequent day. A nonhydrostatic, axisymmetric numerical model is used to explore the evolution of the initially cold-core, midlevel vortex into a tropical cyclone. A mesoscale, midlevel “showerhead” is switched on in an initially quiescent, tropical atmosphere overlying a warm ocean surface. Evaporation of t...
Rare Bone Diseases and Their Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Manifestations

Hereditary diseases affecting the skeleton are heterogeneous in etiology and severity. Though many of these conditions are individually rare, the total number of people affected is great. These disorders often include dental-oral-craniofacial (DOC) manifestations, but the combination of the rarity and lack of in-depth reporting often limit our understanding and ability to diagnose and treat affected individuals. In this review, we focus on dental, oral, and craniofacial manifestations of rare bone diseases. Discussed are defects in 4 key physiologic processes in bone/tooth formation that serve as models for the understanding of other diseases in the skeleton and DOC complex: progenitor cell differentiation (fibrous dysplasia), extracellular matrix production (osteogenesis imperfecta), mineralization (familial tumoral calcinosis/hyperostosis hyperphosphatemia syndrome, hypophosphatemic rickets, and hypophosphatasia), and bone resorption (Gorham-Stout disease). For each condition, we highlight causative mutations (when known), etiopathology in the skeleton and DOC complex, and treatments. By understanding how these 4 foci are subverted to cause disease, we aim to improve the identification of genetic, molecular, and/or biologic causes, diagnoses, and treatment of these and other rare bone conditions that may share underlying mechanisms of disease.
Power control and scheduling with minimum rate constraints in clustered multihop TD/CDMA wireless ad hoc networks

Summary In order to achieve high end-to-end throughput in a multihop wireless ad hoc network, TD/CDMA has been chosen as the Medium Access Control (MAC) scheme due to its support for high network throughput in a multihop environment. The associated power control and scheduling problem needs to be addressed to optimize the operations of TD/CDMA. In this paper, cluster-based architecture is introduced to provide centralized control within clusters, and the corresponding power control and scheduling schemes are derived to maximize a network utility function and guarantee the minimum rate required by each traffic session, given routes for multiple end-to-end multihop traffic sessions. Because the resulted optimal power control reveals bang-bang characteristics, that is, scheduled nodes transmit with full power while other nodes remain silent, the joint power control and scheduling problem is reduced to a scheduling problem. The multi-link version of the throughput-optimal and the proportional fair scheduling algorithms for multihop wireless ad hoc networks are proposed. In addition, a generic token counter mechanism is employed to satisfy the minimum rate requirements. By ensuring different minimum rate for different traffic sessions, service differentiation is also achieved. Approximation algorithms are suggested to reduce the computational complexity. In networks that are lack of centralized control, distributed scheduling algorithms are also derived and fully distributed implementation is provided. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cohabitation and children's living arrangements: New estimates from the United States

This paper uses the 1995 and 2002 waves of the National Survey of Family Growth to examine recent trends in cohabitation in the United States. We find increases in both the prevalence and duration of unmarried cohabitation. Cohabitation continues to transform children's family lives, as children are increasingly born to cohabiting mothers (18% during 1997−2001) or later experience their mother's entry into a cohabiting union. Consequently, we estimate that two-fifths of all children spend some time in a cohabiting family by age 12. Because of substantial missing data in the 2002 NSFG, we are unable to produce new estimates of divorce or of children's time in single-parent families. Nonetheless, our results point to the steady growth of cohabitation and to the evolving role of cohabitation in U.S. family life.
Simulation of the Intraseasonal Oscillation in the ECHAM-4 Model: The Impact of Coupling with an Ocean Model*

Abstract Three 15-yr integrations were made with the ECHAM-4 atmospheric GCM (AGCM); in the first integration, the model lower boundary conditions were the observed monthly mean sea surface temperatures, and, in the second, the AGCM was coupled to the University of Hawaii 2.5-layer intermediate ocean model. In the third simulation, the SST climatology generated in the coupled run was used to create monthly mean SSTs, which were then used to drive the AGCM in an uncoupled configuration similar to the first run. The simulation of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in these three runs was compared with data from the NCEP reanalysis and outgoing longwave radiation from NOAA polar-orbiting satellites, with particular emphasis on the boreal summer ISO. The overall effect of coupling the AGCM to the ocean model is to improve the intraseasonal variability of the model. Upon coupling, the simulated boreal winter ISO becomes more spatially coherent and has a more realistic phase speed. In the May–June Asian monsoo...
The Status Of Performance Appraisal At Christian Colleges And Universities: Preliminary Results

People are the lifeblood of colleges and universities. If there are no students, faculty, administrators, and staff, there cannot be a college or university. People are their primary resource, and the development of these people is their raison d'etre. Due to the paramount importance of the people who are in higher education, it is essential to understand how well these personnel are performing in their roles and if they are fulfilling the responsibilities for which they were hired.
Prevalence and factors associated with false positive suspicion of acute aortic syndrome: experience in a patient population transferred to a specialized aortic treatment center

Study objective: Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a medical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment at specialized centers. We sought to determine the frequency and etiology of false positive activation of a regional AAS network in a patient population emergently transferred for suspected AAS. Methods: We evaluated 150 consecutive patients transferred from community emergency departments directly to our Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) with a diagnosis of suspected AAS between March, 2010 and August, 2011. A final diagnosis of confirmed acute Type A, acute Type B dissection, and false positive suspicion of dissection was made in 63 (42%), 70 (46.7%) and 17 (11.3%) patients respectively. Results: Of the 17 false positive transfers, ten (58.8%) were suspected Type A dissection and seven (41.2%) were suspected Type B dissection. The initial hospital diagnosis in 15 (88.2%) patients was made by a computed tomography (CT) scan and 10 (66.6%) of these patients required repeat imaging with an ECG-synchronized CT to definitively rule out AAS. Five (29.4%) patients had prior history of open or endovascular aortic repair. Overall in-hospital mortality was 9.3%. Conclusions: The diagnosis of AAS is confirmed in most patients emergently transferred for suspected AAS. False positive activation in this setting is driven primarily by uncertainty secondary to motion-artifact of the ascending aorta and the presence of complex anatomy following prior aortic intervention. Network-wide standardization of imaging strategies, and improved sharing of imaging may further improve triage of this complex patient population.
Intense incoherent light and photon echoes

One of the long-standing difficulties in working with intense incoherent light has been the lack of a theory for predicting and explaining experimental results. The diagrammatic theory of Friedberg and Hartmann provides a solution to this problem by allowing one to study the interaction of intense incoherent light and matter with no restrictions on the intensity of the pulses. In the present investigation, two-pulse photon-echo experiments were performed with intense incoherent light in atomic sodium vapor and the results were compared with predictions calculated from the Friedberg-Hartmann diagrammatic theory. The dependence of the echo signal on the intensity of the constituent excitation pulses was studied. The results of this investigation indicate that the two-pulse incoherent photon-echo experimental data are consistent with the calculations obtained from the theory presented in the diagrammatic paper of Friedberg and Hartmann when the atomic relaxation times are included. The two-pulse-echo data show good agreement with the theoretical predictions for the case in which 4T2 = T1 (the atomic and transverse lifetimes, respectively), which represents more of a decay than has been theoretically predicted for the experimental parameters used.
Reactive Interfaces in Direct Numerical Simulation of Pore-Scale Processes

Darcy-scale simulation of geochemical reactive transport has proven to be a useful tool to gain mechanistic understanding of the evolution of the subsurface environment under natural or human-induced conditions. At this scale, however, the porous medium is typically conceptualized as a continuum with bulk parameters that characterize its physical and chemical properties based on the assumption that all phases coexist in each point in space. In contrast, the pore scale can be defined as the largest spatial scale at which it is possible to distinguish the different fluid and solid phases that make up natural subsurface materials. Because the pore scale directly accounts for the pore-space architecture within which mineral reactions, microbial interactions and multi-component transport play out, it can help explain biogeochemical behavior that is not understood or predicted by considering smaller or larger scales (Fig. 1). Specifically, the nonlinear interaction between the coupled physical and geochemical processes may result in emergent behavior, including changes in permeability, diffusivity, and reactivity that is not captured easily by a Darcy-scale continuum description. Reactive processes in porous media such as microbially mediated reduction–oxidation (Fig. 1) or mineral dissolution–precipitation (Fig. 2) take place at interfaces between fluid and solid phases. Because the different phases are distinguishable at the pore scale, experimental and modeling studies need to consider these interfaces so as to accurately determine reaction rates. An interface is the surface between two phases that differ in their physical state or chemical composition. Depending on the scale of observation, the appearance of the interface can vary. Sharp interfaces are those in which the physical and chemical characteristics change abruptly across the interface. Diffuse interfaces are those in which the characteristics change smoothly over a layer of varying thickness. Reactive processes themselves can change the appearance of the interface. For example, mineral heterogeneity can …
Adaptive tolerance to a pathogenic fungus drives major histocompatibility complex evolution in natural amphibian populations

Amphibians have been affected globally by the disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), and we are just now beginning to understand how immunogenetic variability contributes to disease susceptibility. Lineages of an expressed major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II locus involved in acquired immunity are associated with chytridiomycosis susceptibility in controlled laboratory challenge assays. Here, we extend these findings to natural populations that vary both in exposure and response to Bd We find that MHC alleles and supertypes associated with Bd survival in the field show a molecular signal of positive selection, while those associated with susceptibility do not, supporting the hypothesis that heritable Bd tolerance is rapidly evolving. We compare MHC supertypes to neutral loci to demonstrate where selection versus demography is shaping MHC variability. One population with Bd tolerance in nature shows a significant signal of directional selection for the same allele (allele Q) that was significantly associated with survival in an earlier laboratory study. Our findings indicate that selective pressure for Bd survival drives rapid immunogenetic adaptation in some natural populations, despite differences in environment and demography. Our field-based analysis of immunogenetic variation confirms that natural amphibian populations have the evolutionary potential to adapt to chytridiomycosis.
Modeling acquisition geometries with improved super-resolution in digital breast tomosynthesis

In digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), a reconstruction is created from multiple x-ray projection images. Our previous work demonstrated that the reconstruction is capable of super-resolution (i.e., subpixel resolution) relative to the detector. In order for super-resolution to yield a reliable improvement in image quality, it should be achievable at all positions in the reconstruction. This paper demonstrates that super-resolution is not achievable at all depths, or at all heights above the breast support. For this purpose, a bar pattern phantom was imaged using a commercial DBT system. A goniometry stand was used to orient the long axis of the parallel bars along an oblique plane relative to the breast support. This setup allowed a single test frequency to be visualized over a continuous range of depths. The orientation of the test frequency was parallel to the direction of x-ray tube motion. An oblique reconstruction in the plane of the bar pattern phantom showed that the existence of super-resolution is depth-dependent. To identify design strategies for optimizing super-resolution, a theoretical model was then developed in which a test frequency higher than the alias frequency of the detector was simulated. Two design modifications that improve super-resolution are identified. In particular, it is shown that reducing the spacing between the x-ray source positions minimizes the number of depths lacking super-resolution. Additionally, introducing detector motion along the direction perpendicular to the breast support allows for more uniform super-resolution throughout the image volume. In conclusion, this work presents strategies for optimizing super-resolution in DBT.
When Parents Demand Treatment

In striving to provide quality medical care to the child and in serving as an educator and counselor to the family, the pediatrician can pursue several different decision making paths. The chosen path will depend on the pediatrician's medical knowledge and skill, but will also be influenced significantly by views of moral responsibility in medicine and attention to the emotional and social factors in the physician-patient encounter.
The Moral Basis of Market Economy——Historical Changes of Societas Civilis Theories

Theories concerning ancient Societas Civilis vs.city-states and modern Societas Civilis vs.national states have greatly changed but their fundamental idea of valuing morality,virtue and noble-heartedness remains permanent.The construction of modern society and the modernization of society must be based on the ideas of Societas Civilis and citizen society.
The Predictors study: Development and baseline characteristics of the Predictors 3 cohort

Abstract Introduction The Predictors study was designed to predict the length of time to major disease outcomes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Here, we describe the development of a new, Predictors 3, cohort. Methods Patients with prevalent or incident AD and individuals at-risk for developing AD were selected from the North Manhattan community and followed annually with instruments comparable to those used in the original two Predictors cohorts. Results The original Predictors cohorts were clinic based and racially/ethnically homogenous (94% white, 6% black; 3% Hispanic). In contrast, the 274 elders in this cohort are community-based and ethnically diverse (39% white, 40% black, 21% other; 78% Hispanic). Confirming previous observations, psychotic features were associated with poorer function and mental status and extrapyramidal signs with poorer function. Discussion This new cohort will allow us to test observations made in our original clinic-based cohorts in patients that may be more representative of the general community.
The role of granulocytes in endotoxin-induced vascular injury.

This study examines the role of neutrophils (PMN) in the pathogenesis of the endothelial lesion induced by a single sublethal dose of endotoxin. It is intended to clarify whether the margination of PMN on endothelium after endotoxin causes intimal injury or is a response to it. Neutropenic rabbits had mean PMN counts of 33/cu mm 72 hr after nitrogen mustard (HN2). They were heparinized and given either intravenous endotoxin or saline and were sacrificed 30-60 min later. Preterminal blood samples were positive for the presence of endothelium in 77% of endotoxin-treated neutropenic rabbits, in 87% of endotoxin-treated normal rabbits, and in only 12% of neutropenic rabbits given saline. Sections of aorta revealed marked abnormalities of endothelium in rabbits receiving endotoxin, whether neutropenic (90% had lesions) or normal (85% had lesions). Endothelial abnormalities included vacuolation and lysis, marked subendothelial edema, and desquamation. Similar lesions in control neutropenic rabbits were not found, and mild abnormalities were seen only rarely. These data indicate that neutropenia does not protect rabbits from endothelial injury due to endotoxin. They further suggest that HN2 may cause endothelial damage either directly or secondary to the effects of neutropenia.
Synthesis and Reactions of Coordination Compounds

Coordination compounds are known to undergo an enormous number of reactions. However, the majority of these reactions can be classified into a rather small number of general types. The introduction to coordination chemistry presented in this book can describe only the most important types of reactions. The field of coordination chemistry is so vast that no single volume can completely cover the body of knowledge that exists concerning the reactions of the wide variety of complexes. In fact, the synthesis of coordination compounds and the reactions they undergo provide the basis for thousands of articles in journals each year. The treatment of the subject provided here gives a basis for further study, and the references cited at the end of this chapter provide greater depth and references to the original literature. It should be mentioned that the premier reference work on reactions of complexes in solution is the book by F. Basolo and R. G. Pearson, Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions (see reference list).
CHAPTER 38 – Prevention of Falls

An integrated approach to the reduction of osteoporotic fractures requires attention to the risk of falling. The contribution of falling to the etiology of fractures is considerable and probably more important in the aged individual who often has low bone mass. Based on recent prospective cohort studies, multiple risk factors for falls have been identified, such as age-related changes, age-related chronic conditions, medication use, and environmental factors. The best approach to reducing falls and, thereby, lowering fracture risk is to comprehensively assess the older person and to intervene in multiple domains as identified from the assessment. Some studies have employed a variety of interventions, including physician referrals with or without a formal recommendation; health visitor assessments of nutrition, medical conditions, environmental hazards, and physical fitness; multifactorial interventions based on geriatric assessment; targeted risk factor intervention; counseling; and even hormone replacement therapy.
The Gila Bend Stage Station

ABSTRACTSite Arizona T:14:7, located near the present town of Gila Bend, Arizona, was excavated by the Arizona State Museum under contract to the National Park Service in 1960. Investigation of the architectural remains, and analysis of the artifactual material recovered, including glass, pottery, metal and other miscellaneous items confirms the identification of the site as the Gila Bend Stage Station. Detailed study of the artifacts also has aided in confirming the dating of the site at approximately 1850 to 1890.
Semi-empirical Modeling of the Energy Consumed during the Injection Molding Process

This paper presents a semi-empirical model for determining the energy consumption of an injection molding machine based on the energy profile of the injection molding process. The model utilizes empirical data to the idle or baseline energy consumption of the machine tool, which is non-negligible. A theoretical analysis is used to determine the processing energy, which can be a significant contribution because of the design and the rheological non-Newtonian nature of polymers. A thermo-mechanical analysis of the material plasticizing and injection process is incorporated into the model to accurate assess the theoretical processing energy. The errors in the model are considered and the model performance is validated with findings in literature.
Auditory Evoked Potentials in ADD

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were performed on 114 children with attention deficit disorder (ADD) referred to the Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Lightweight Indexing and Querying Services for Big Spatial Data

With the widespread use of GPS-equipped smartphones and Internet of Things devices, a huge amount of data with location information is being generated at an unprecedented rate. To gain a deeper insight into such a plethora of spatial data, scientists and engineers are widely using spatial queries for their big data applications. However, because of not only the massive spatial data size but also the complexity of spatial query processing, they are struggling to efficiently process the spatial queries. In this paper, we propose lightweight and scalable indexing and querying services for big spatial data stored in distributed storage systems or graph-based systems. Our spatial services have several advantages over existing approaches. First, our services can be easily applied to existing storage systems or graph-based models without modifying the internal implementation of existing systems/models. Second, our services achieve high pruning power by efficiently selecting only relevant spatial objects based on a simple yet effective filter. Third, our services support a customizable and easy-to-use control of index data size by adjusting the precision of indexed geometries. Lastly, our services support efficient updates of spatial data. Our experimental results using real-world datasets validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our spatial services.
Education and Intelligence: Pity the Poor Teacher because Student Characteristics are more Significant than Teachers or Schools

Education has not changed from the beginning of recorded history. The problem is that focus has been on schools and teachers and not students. Here is a simple thought experiment with two conditions: 1) 50 teachers are assigned by their teaching quality to randomly composed classes of 20 students, 2) 50 classes of 20 each are composed by selecting the most able students to fill each class in order and teachers are assigned randomly to classes. In condition 1, teaching ability of each teacher and in condition 2, mean ability level of students in each class is correlated with average gain over the course of instruction. Educational gain will be best predicted by student abilities (up to r = 0.95) and much less by teachers' skill (up to r = 0.32). I argue that seemingly immutable education will not change until we fully understand students and particularly human intelligence. Over the last 50 years in developed countries, evidence has accumulated that only about 10% of school achievement can be attributed to schools and teachers while the remaining 90% is due to characteristics associated with students. Teachers account for from 1% to 7% of total variance at every level of education. For students, intelligence accounts for much of the 90% of variance associated with learning gains. This evidence is reviewed.
Sensitivity of late-glacial and Holocene climates to the combined effects of orbital parameter changes and lower boundary condition changes: "snapshot" simulations with a general circulation model for 18, 9 and 6 ka BP

Sensitivity experiments can be used to illustrate the response of the general circulation to prescribed changes in lower boundary conditions (such as ocean temperature) or external forcing conditions (such as solar radiation). The climatic record from the late-glacial and the Holocene provides examples for both types of prescribed change experiments. A number of general circulation model experiments have been carried out. These are reviewed. At 18 ka 8P, orbital parameter values were very much like those of today, but the lower boundary conditions (ocean temperature, ice-sheet extent, etc.) were very different. The change in ocean temperature, and ice-sheet extent and thickness, were prescribed from the results of the Climate: Long-range Investigation Mapping and Prediction (CLIMAP) project. At 9 ka BP, orbital parameter values were very different from present, leading to increased radiation in July and decreased radiation in January (compared to present). The North American ice sheet still covered a significant area, so that lower boundary conditions also differed from the present ones. The combined and individual effects of these prescribed changes on the general circulation are reviewed, particularly in the context of changes of the monsoon circulation. At 6 ka BP, the solar radiation distribution differed from that of today in much the same fashion as at 9 ka BP, although the magnitude of the change was reduced. Lower boundary conditions were probably very similar to those of today. A series of experimental results from 18, 9, and 6 ka BP are presented as “snapshot” estimates of the paleoclimate of those times. The results are based upon simulations with the community climate model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research.
Nonlinear input/output modelling

This paper gives a highly abbreviated overview of some of the key issues in empirical nonlinear modelling for chemical process applications. This task is complicated by the inherent nature of nonlinearity: the term describes a class of systems by the one feature they lack. In fact, this division — linear vs. nonlinear — suggests a ‘unity’ or ‘homogeneity’ of the class of nonlinear systems that does not exist. Consequently, this review will focus on specific sub-classes of nonlinear models that have analytically useful structural characteristics, and comparisons will be made both between these classes and with the more familiar linear models. Length limitations restrict these discussions somewhat, but it is hoped that the range of examples will be great enough to demonstrate how nonlinear model identification is both similar to and different from linear model indentification. The general conclusion of this paper is that nonlinear input/output modelling is a vitally important practical art with many unresolved issues; the principal objective of this paper is to elucidate some of these issues.
Application of 3D-visualization of carbonate rock pore facies based on ray casting algorithm

Nowadays, 3D visualization technique of Rock porosity phase gained from imaging logging data has an important scientific research value and practical value in oil-gas exploration field. And direct volume rendering is one of the most important ways to realize 3D visualization. The ray casting is an algorithm in direct volume rendering which is simpler in implementation principle and more accuracy in rendering results. This paper shows the method of carbonate 3D geological reconstruction. The method based on the effective combination of imaging logging data, ray casting, nearest-neighbor interpolation algorithm and GDI (Graphics Device Interface) double buffering technique. And it can be applied to the practical application in oil and gas exploration. The experiment result show that three-dimensional images of carbonate rock is very clarity on the basis of this method, which can make researchers observe the distribution of reservoir rock gaps and the physical properties of the rock clearly and conveniently.
The Romance of Plant Breeding and Other Myths

Myths are essential to human existence. They give meaning to life, inspiration and strength for the daily struggle. They often express profound truths, embedded in elements of fantasy. Everyone deeply believes in some myths, while deprecating others as dangerous falsehoods. The origins of myths usually are unknown, but probably they are inspired by dramatic events, clearly important to those who first noted them, but with cause and effect imperfectly understood.
Identification of effective therapy in Langerhans cell histiocytosis in the adult population.

7065Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder of histiocytic proliferation most commonly observed in children. LCH in adults is less characterized and a standard of care ha...
Fulminant and severe acute liver failure

This chapter discusses the categories, causes, and pathogenesis of fulminant and severe acute liver failure. Acute liver failure is a rare, clinically heterogeneous, and complex multi-system disorder in which severe impairment of liver function occurs in association with hepatocellular necrosis in a patient with no recognized underlying chronic liver disease. When associated with encephalopathy the term fulminant is applied. In the absence of encephalopathy the severity of the liver impairment is best assessed by the severity of coagulopathy. With toxins such as paracetamol the degree of liver injury is related to the dose of the toxin. In idiosyncratic drug-induced injury, continued drug administration after the onset of jaundice often causes a fatal outcome. Prognosis is influenced by both the age of the patient and competence of the immune system. In severe hepatitis B infection with encephalopathy there is a vigorous immune response with rapid clearance of the virus. The essentials in management are: (1) accurate diagnosis of the cause of the liver injury and of the cause of the encephalopathy; (2) skilled intensive care to minimize aggravating factors and complications until liver function recovers or transplantation can be performed; and (3) liver transplantation in patients in whom the chances of recovery are worse than outcome of emergency liver transplantation.
Anselm, the Holy Trinity, and the Relative Identity Thesis

Anselm’s On the Incarnation of the Word is presented as a letter to Pope Urban II for the purpose of exposing and correcting the theological errors of Roscelin of Compiegne, who maintained that since only the Son became incarnate, we must conclude that the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit are numerically distinct substances. In this paper I argue that Anselm’s rejection of this conclusion involves an account of the Holy Trinity which includes a strongly relativized conception of identity, that is, one which allows an object x and an object y to be the same F, but different Gs. I further contend that Anselm buttresses this account with two non-theological examples of relative identity. Although it may well be the case that advocates of Latin Trinitarianism are generally committed to such an account, since they affirm that the Father is the same substance as the Son but not the same person as the Son, I take Anselm’s defense of this position to be theologically significant, first, because it may well be the first explicit defense of Relative Trinitarianism, and second, because Anselm’s position as a bishop and a Doctor of the Church is (for Catholics, at least) an indication of its theological soundness.
Whole exome sequencing in patients with Williams–Beuren syndrome followed by disease modeling in mice points to four novel pathways that may modify stenosis risk

Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is a narrowing of the aorta caused by elastin (ELN) haploinsufficiency. SVAS severity varies among patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), a rare disorder that removes one copy of ELN and 25-27 other genes. Twenty percent of children with WBS require one or more invasive and often risky procedures to correct the defect while 30% have no appreciable stenosis, despite sharing the same basic genetic lesion. There is no known medical therapy. Consequently, identifying genes that modify SVAS offers the potential for novel modifier-based therapeutics. To improve statistical power in our rare-disease cohort (N = 104 exomes), we utilized extreme-phenotype cohorting, functional variant filtration and pathway-based analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis of exome-wide association data identified increased adaptive immune system variant burden among genes associated with SVAS severity. Additional enrichment, using only potentially pathogenic variants known to differ in frequency between the extreme phenotype subsets, identified significant association of SVAS severity with not only immune pathway genes, but also genes involved with the extracellular matrix, G protein-coupled receptor signaling and lipid metabolism using both SKAT-O and RQTest. Complementary studies in Eln+/-; Rag1-/- mice, which lack a functional adaptive immune system, showed improvement in cardiovascular features of ELN insufficiency. Similarly, studies in mixed background Eln+/- mice confirmed that variations in genes that increase elastic fiber deposition also had positive impact on aortic caliber. By using tools to improve statistical power in combination with orthogonal analyses in mice, we detected four main pathways that contribute to SVAS risk.
Early predictors of treatment outcome in a partial hospital program for adolescent anorexia nervosa.

Author(s): Brown, Tiffany A; Murray, Stuart B; Anderson, Leslie K; Kaye, Walter H | Abstract: ObjectivePrevious research supports the relevance of early symptom change in eating disorder (ED) treatment; however, few studies have distinguished early weight change from early change in ED psychopathology, particularly in higher levels of care. Thus, the present study examined whether early change in weight and ED psychopathology predicted outcome for adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) in a partial hospitalization program.MethodAdolescents with AN (n = 99) completed assessments at admission, 1-month after treatment admission, discharge, and 6-month follow-up.ResultsHigher admission percent expected body weight (%EBW), greater early change in %EBW, longer duration of treatment, shorter length of illness, and earlier age of onset predicted greater change in %EBW at discharge, but not follow-up. Greater ED psychopathology at admission and greater early change in ED psychopathology predicted later change in ED symptoms at discharge, but not follow-up. Neither early change in %EBW nor ED psychopathology predicted likelihood of remission at discharge and follow-up.DiscussionResults support the importance of early change in predicting later change in the same ED outcome variables and suggest that early change in both %EBW and ED psychopathology in adolescents may be an important area for future research.
Improving Community-Based Preschool Teacher Confidence

The project used a mixed quantitative and qualitative pretest-posttest design to determine the impact of consultation and collaboration of occupational therapy services in a faith-based preschool. ...
Computer aided design (CAD) model search and retrieval using frequency domain file conversion

Abstract The computer aided design (CAD) files are often tagged manually or searched and retrieved from a database using machine learning algorithms. There has been significant interest in developing capabilities of searching CAD files based on shape of the object. The present work demonstrates a method that transforms the CAD files to frequency domain representations and generates a set of fingerprints from the spectrogram to enable a search function. The fingerprints can be adjusted to allow finding either an exact match or a broader range of approximate/partial matches with similar features. A matching index is developed based on the similarity between the designs. The search does not require manual tagging of the files and is purely based on the geometry of the object. The success in comparing two files based on the object geometry is an important capability that can allow authentication of files in addition to conducting the search function.
The role of imaging in assessing disease severity and prognosis in cardiomyopathy

Abstract Noninvasive imaging is a widely available and efficient modality to obtain critical information in the setting of pediatric cardiomyopathy. Morphologic information and objective measurements essential for diagnosis can be acquired and these same data are helpful for risk stratification and treatment selection. Serial imaging can then be employed for monitoring response. The information gathered via imaging provides the groundwork for conversations regarding prognosis, disease severity, and management. In this article, we performed a review of the current literature for noninvasive imaging and its role in pediatric cardiomyopathy.
Relative oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) MR imaging reveals higher hypoxia in human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplified compared with non-amplified gliomas

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification promotes gliomagenesis and is linked to lack of oxygen within the tumor microenvironment. Using hypoxia-sensitive spin-and-gradient echo echo-planar imaging and perfusion MRI, we investigated the influence of EGFR amplification on tissue oxygen availability and utilization in human gliomas. This study included 72 histologically confirmed EGFR-amplified and non-amplified glioma patients. Reversible transverse relaxation rate (R2′), relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), and relative oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF) were calculated for the contrast-enhancing and non-enhancing tumor regions. Using Student t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test, median R2′, rCBV, and rOEF were compared between EGFR-amplified and non-amplified gliomas. ROC analysis was performed to assess the ability of imaging characteristics to discriminate EGFR amplification status. Overall survival (OS) was determined using univariate and multivariate cox models. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted and compared using the log-rank test. EGFR amplified gliomas exhibited significantly higher median R2′ and rOEF than non-amplified gliomas. ROC analysis suggested that R2′ (AUC = 0.7190; P = 0.0048) and rOEF (AUC = 0.6959; P = 0.0156) could separate EGFR status. Patients with EGFR-amplified gliomas had a significantly shorter OS than non-amplified patients. Univariate cox regression analysis determined both R2′ and rOEF significantly influence OS. No significant difference was observed in rCBV between patient cohorts nor was rCBV found to be an effective differentiator of EGFR status. Imaging of tumor oxygen characteristics revealed EGFR-amplified gliomas to be more hypoxic and contribute to shorter patient survival than EGFR non-amplified gliomas.
Bilingual Gifted and Talented Students’ Expository Writing: Exploring Academic Language Features in English and Spanish

Bilingual students are underrepresented in gifted and talented (GT) programs, and language/literacy research on these students is scarce. This study examined academic language in expository writing...
Building Policy Support for School Mental Health in South Carolina

South Carolina (SC) is a leading state for the delivery of comprehensive school mental health (SMH) services, involving mental health education system partnerships. Currently, more than 60% of SC s...
Evaluation of a Novel Approach for the Diagnosis of BMD Using CBIR and IOT

Bone is a most important anatomical structure in human body and a challenge in the medical world is the concern in the bone density called as osteoporosis. This disease in the bone is detected by medical image techniques. Mineral density of the bone varies from person to person, Osteoporosis the Silent disease, here, the micro architecture of bones becomes weak due to the low bone mass density (BMD). That leads to fragile bones which are at a very high risk for fractures, and also, it affects postmenopausal women. The main objective of this paper is to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) from X-ray images and thereby, evaluate the corresponding patient mail id using CBIR technique. IOT is introduced as automated mail sending system using E-mail protocol architecture. This method can reduce cost; reduce the time for detecting the patient status.
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant nivolumab (nivo) with anti-LAG3 antibody relatlimab (rela) for patients (pts) with resectable clinical stage III melanoma.

9502Background: Neoadjuvant therapy (NT) for pts with clinical stage III melanoma remains an active area of research interest. Recent NT trial data demonstrates that achieving a pathologic complete...
Deriving constraints among argument sizes in logic programs

In a logic program the feasible argument sizes of derivable facts involving ann-ary predicate are viewed as a set of points in the positive orthant of ℝ n . We investigate a method of deriving constraints on the feasible set in the form of a polyhedral convex set in the positive orthant, which we call apolycone. Faces of this polycone represent inequalities proven to hold among the argument sizes. These inequalities are often useful for selecting an evaluation method that is guaranteed to terminate for a given logic procedure. The methods may be applicable to other languages in which the sizes of data structures can be determined syntactically.
AT4 receptor structure-binding relationship: N-terminal-modified angiotensin IV analogues.

Abstract The effect of structural changes in the N- terminal amino acid of AIV, with respect to AT4 receptor binding, was examined by competition with [125I]AIV in bovine adrenal membranes. Analogues with modifications of the first residue α-amino group possessed lower affinities than the primary amine-containing parent compound. Peptides with a residue 1 α-carbon in the d conformation exhibited poor affinity for the AT4 receptor. Modifications of the residue 1 R- group demonstrate that a straight chain aliphatic moiety containing four carbons is optimal for receptor-ligand binding, as evidenced by the extremely high affinity of [Nle1]AIV ( K i = 3.59±0.51 p M ). Replacement of the 1–2 peptide bond of AIV with the methylene bond isostere Ψ (CH2-NH), increased the K i approximately fivefold, indicating that the peptide bond may be replaced wihle maintaining relatively high-affinity receptor binding.
Turnover After the Fallout

Human cardiac muscle cells slowly renew into adulthood, a potential that may be therapeutically exploited.
The Power of Parents: A Critical Perspective of Bicultural Parent Involvement in Public Schools by Edward M. Olivos

The Power of Parents: A Critical Perspective of Bicultural Parent Involvement in Public Schools.
Dependency-directed reconsideration belief base optimization for truth maintenance systems

We define reconsideration, a non-prioritized belief change operation on a finite set of base beliefs. Reconsideration is a hindsight belief change repair that eliminates negative effects caused by the order of previously executed belief change operations. Beliefs that had previously been removed are returned to the base if there no longer are valid reasons for their removal. This might result in less preferred beliefs being removed, and additional beliefs being returned. The end product is an optimization of the belief base, converting the results of a series of revisions to the very base that would have resulted from a batch revision performed after all base beliefs were entered/added. Reconsideration can be done by examining the entire set of all base beliefs (both currently believed and retracted) -- or, if the believed base is consistent, by examining all retracted beliefs for possible return. This, however, is computationally expensive. We present a more efficient, TMS-friendly algorithm, dependency-directed reconsideration (DDR), which can produce the same results by examining only a dynamically determined subset of base beliefs that are actually affected by changes made since the last base optimization process. DDR is an efficient, anytime, belief base optimizing algorithm that eliminates operation order effects.
Complex Listening: Supporting Students to Listen As Mathematical Sense-makers

Participating in reform-oriented mathematical discussion calls on teachers and students to listen to one another in new and different ways. However, listening is an understudied dimension of teaching and learning mathematics. In this analysis, we draw on a sociocultural perspective and a conceptual framing of three types of listening—evaluative, interpretive, and hermeneutic (Davis, 1996, 1997)—in order to interpret the listening interactions in a fourth-grade classroom. Using interaction analysis (Jordan & Henderson, 1995) to pay close attention to how participants responded to one another during a carefully selected lesson segment, findings reveal that these students listened in complex ways with explicit support from their teacher. From this revelatory case, we offer a framework for understanding the teacher’s role in supporting complex listening.