cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parental strain, parental health, and community characteristics among children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

Abstract Objective It has been documented that parenting a child with attention deficit−hyperactivty disorder (ADHD) can cause family strain, but less is known about the added stress of additional child health diagnoses on levels of strain. This study explores the relationship between family stressors (such as child comorbid conditions) and family resources (such as social support, community charactersitics, and parental health) on parental strain. Methods We used the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) to identify children with ADHD and other comorbid mental and physical health conditions (n = 5473). Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted to explore the association between parental strain, social support, mother's mental health, and neighborhood amenities within groups of children with ADHD and comorbid conditions. Results Parental strain was greatest when ADHD was paired with a conduct disorder, physical disorder, or other mental health disorder. Specifically, parental strain was greatest for children with ADHD plus a comorbid conduct disorder compared with ADHD alone. It was also greater for children with other mental and physical health diagnoses compared with children with ADHD alone. Better mental health of mothers in the sample is related to reduced parental strain. Greater access to social support and neighborhood amenities also are related to reduced parental strain. Conclusions Greater levels of social support and better mental health of parents is associated with decreased strain. Interventions aimed at relieving stress and building strategies to improve mental health can be beneficial for families with children with ADHD and comorbid conditions.
ErbB receptors: new insights on mechanisms and biology

The ErbB family of four receptor tyrosine kinases occupies a central role in a wide variety of biological processes from neuronal development to breast cancer. New information continues to expand their biologic significance and to unravel the molecular mechanisms that underlie the signaling capacity of these receptors. Here, we review several aspects of ErbB receptor physiology for which new and significant information is available. These include ligand-dependent receptor dimerization and kinase activation, which is a prerequisite for all subsequent growth factor-dependent cell responses. We also address novel roles of receptor fragments in signaling, trafficking to intracellular sites, such as the nucleus, and ErbB roles in non-cancer disease processes, including schizophrenia, chronic renal disease, hypertension, and the cellular entry of infectious pathogens.
Handling Harassment By a Student

Like many other institutions, the college at which I teach has been trying to address the problem of sexual harassment on campus. Among other things the administration has sponsored date rape lectures, hung posters saying "No means no," and published a pamphlet that defines harassment and gives students a list of people and offices to contact for help. Besides these general approaches, the college recently helped me deal with sexual harassment from a student in my American government class. The way it was handled not only helped me but also provided valuable lessons to the student and the entire class. In order to keep track of class attendance (which I consider for final grades), I hand around a sign-up sheet every session. About a month after classes began, someone wrote a sexual remark on the sheet which was addressed directly to me. I was angry when I noticed it but, because I teach mostly freshmen, I thought it was due to immaturity. I suspected one student in particular but decided not to respond to the remark until the midterm exam when I could use its resultant handwriting sample to confront the student. I did, however, show the remark to my department chair. In the next class the student wrote another comment. Although this was not sexual in nature, it again addressed me directly. When I told my department chair, he had me contact both a professor/lawyer, and the undergraduate dean's office for suggestions about how to handle the situation.
Characterization of the avian pathogenic Escherichia coli hemagglutinin Tsh, a member of the immunoglobulin A protease-type family of autotransporters.

We reported earlier that a single gene, tsh, isolated from a strain of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) was sufficient to confer on E. coli K-12 a hemagglutinin-positive phenotype and that the deduced sequence of the Tsh protein shared homology to the serine-type immunoglobulin A (IgA) proteases of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus influenzae. In this report we show that E. coli K-12 containing the recombinant tsh gene produced two proteins, a 106-kDa extracellular protein and a 33-kDa outer membrane protein, and was also able to agglutinate chicken erythrocytes. N-terminal sequence data indicated that the 106-kDa protein, designated Tshs, was derived from the N-terminal end of Tsh after the removal of a 52-amino-acid N-terminal signal peptide, while the 33-kDa protein, designated Tshβ, was derived from the C-terminal end of Tsh starting at residue N1101. The Tshs domain contains the 7-amino-acid serine protease motif that includes the active-site serine (S259), found also in the secreted domains of the IgA proteases. However, site-directed mutagenesis of S259 did not abolish the hemagglutinin activity or the extracellular secretion of Tshs indicating that host-directed proteolysis was mediating the release of Tshs. Studies with an E. coli K-12 ompT mutant strain showed that the surface protease OmpT was not needed for the secretion of Tshs. Tsh belongs to a subclass of the IgA protease family, which also includes EspC of enteropathogenic E. coli, EspP of enterohemorragic E. coli, and SepA and VirG of Shigella flexneri, which seem to involve a host endopeptidase to achieve extracellular release of their N-terminal domains. In proteolytic studies conducted in vitro, Tshs did not cleave the substrate of the IgA proteases, human IgA1 or chicken IgA, and did not show proteolytic activity in a casein-based assay. Correlation of Tsh expression and hemagglutination activity appears to be a very complex phenomenon, influenced by strain and environmental conditions. Nevertheless, for both APEC and recombinant E. coli K-12 strains containing the tsh gene, it was only the whole bacterial cells and not the cell-free supernatants that could confer hemagglutinin activity. Our results provide insights into the expression, secretion, and proteolytic features of the Tsh protein, which belongs to the growing family of gram-negative bacterial extracellular virulence factors, named autotransporters, which utilize a self-mediated mechanism to achieve export across the bacterial cell envelope.
Treatment of solvent‐refined coal wastewater. A combination of unit operations has been found to be the best practical approach to the treatment of coal‐conversion process wastewater

The wastewater selected for study was the SRC-I recycle process water stream after oil-water separation. This stream contains water formed in the coal-liqufaction reactor, water added to the process to prevent ammonium-salt-deposition, and moisture included in the feed coal. The water was condensed concomitant along with the product and thus was in intimate contact with the product steam at elevated temperatures. Water-soluble components present in the liquid product are in this stream. This wastewater is considered to be the most representative sample available of recycle process water to be formed in large-scale SRC-I facilities. This investigation has demonstrated that a combination of dissolved-gas stripping, biochemical oxidation, and activated-carbon adsorption is effective in the treatment of SRC-I process recycle water. 17 references, 3 figures, 5 tables. (JMT)
The in vitro effects of bupivacaine on articular chondrocytes

We have studied the effects of bupivacaine on human and bovine articular chondrocytes in vitro. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of human articular chondrocytes showed > 95% cellular death after exposure to 0.5% bupivacaine for 30 minutes. Human and bovine chondrocytes exposed to 0.25% bupivacaine had a time-dependent reduction in viability, with longer exposure times resulting in higher cytotoxicity. Cellular death continued even after removal of 0.25% bupivacaine. After exposure to 0.25% bupivacaine for 15 minutes, flow cytometry showed bovine chondrocyte viability to be 41% of saline control after seven days. After exposure to 0.125% bupivacaine for up to 60 minutes, the viability of both bovine and human chondrocytes was similar to that of control groups. These data show that prolonged exposure 0.5% and 0.25% bupivacaine solutions are potentially chondrotoxic.
Gentlemanly Orthodoxy: Critical Race Feminism, Whiteness Theory, and the APA Manual.

Although often viewed as burdensome, academic writing guidelines are rarely treated as actively problematic. Even progressive scholars are unlikely to challenge the cultural assumptions or political investments of academic style guides. Yet standards regarding clarity, precision, appropriateness, sensitivity, and objectivity are not politically innocent. In codifying formal guidelines for the presentation of research, academic style manuals reflect and reinscribe the racialized and gendered (among other) power relations characteristic of the academy. Drawing on critical race feminism and whiteness theories, this paper considers how scholarly investments in whiteness and patriarchy organize the influential APA writing guidelines. The present analysis refers specifically to the APA Manual, but similar analyses might apply to aspects of the Chicago and MLA manuals and the Bluebook, among other style guides.
Network Analysis Identifies SOD2 mRNA as a Potential Biomarker for Parkinson's Disease

Increasing evidence indicates that Parkinson's disease (PD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) share dysregulated molecular networks. We identified 84 genes shared between PD and T2DM from curated disease-gene databases. Nitric oxide biosynthesis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, insulin secretion and inflammation were identified as common dysregulated pathways. A network prioritization approach was implemented to rank genes according to their distance to seed genes and their involvement in common biological pathways. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays revealed that a highly ranked gene, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), is upregulated in PD patients compared to healthy controls in 192 whole blood samples from two independent clinical trials, the Harvard Biomarker Study (HBS) and the Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Parkinson's disease (PROBE). The results from this study reinforce the idea that shared molecular networks between PD and T2DM provides an additional source of biologically meaningful biomarkers. Evaluation of this biomarker in de novo PD patients and in a larger prospective longitudinal study is warranted.
Use of endogenous NADH fluorescence for real-time in situ visualization of epicardial radiofrequency ablation lesions and gaps

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) aims to produce lesions that interrupt reentrant circuits or block the spread of electrical activation from sites of abnormal activity. Today, there are limited means for real-time visualization of cardiac muscle tissue injury during RFA procedures. We hypothesized that the fluorescence of endogenous NADH could be used as a marker of cardiac muscle injury during epicardial RFA procedures. Studies were conducted in blood-free and blood-perfused hearts from healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand rabbits. Radiofrequency was applied to the epicardial surface of the heart using a 4-mm standard blazer ablation catheter. A dual camera optical mapping system was used to monitor NADH fluorescence upon ultraviolet illumination of the epicardial surface and to record optical action potentials using the voltage-sensitive probe RH237. Epicardial lesions were seen as areas of low NADH fluorescence. The lesions appeared immediately after ablation and remained stable for several hours. Real-time monitoring of NADH fluorescence allowed visualization of viable tissue between the RFA lesions. Dual recordings of NADH and epicardial electrical activity linked the gaps between lesions to postablation reentries. We found that the fluorescence of endogenous NADH aids the visualization of injured epicardial tissue caused by RFA. This was true for both blood-free and blood-perfused preparations. Gaps between NADH-negative regions revealed unablated tissue, which may promote postablation reentry or provide pathways for the conduction of abnormal electrical activity.
Measurement-Based Analysis of System Dependability Using Fault Injection and Field Failure Data

The discussion in this paper focuses on the issues involved in analyzing the availability of networked systems using fault injection and the failure data collected by the logging mechanisms built into the system. In particular we address: (1) analysis in the prototype phase using physical fault injection to an actual system. We use example of fault injection-based evaluation of a software-implemented fault tolerance (SIFT) environment (built around a set of self-checking processes called ARMORS) that provides error detection and recovery services to spaceborne scientific applications and (2) measurement-based analysis of systems in the field. We use example of LAN of Windows NT based computers to present methods for collecting and analyzing failure data to characterize network system dependability. Both, fault injection and failure data analysis enable us to study naturally occurring errors and to provide feedback to system designers on potential availability bottlenecks. For example, the study of failures in a network of Windows NT machines reveals that most of the problems that lead to reboots are software related and that though the average availability evaluates to over 99%, a typical machine, on average, provides acceptable service only about 92% of the time.
Bound states and fermiophobic unparticle oblique corrections to the photon

We study the effects of fermiophobic scalar/pseudoscalar oblique corrections on bound state energy levels in muonic atoms. To make the treatment sufficiently general, while including ordinary scalar and axionlike pseudoscalar fields as special cases, we consider unparticle scalar/pseudoscalar operators with couplings predominantly to photons. We derive the relevant vacuum polarization functions and comment on the functional forms of the unparticle Uehling potentials for various scaling dimensions in the point nucleus and finite nucleus approximations. It is estimated that for an infrared fixed point near the scale of electroweak-symmetry breaking, in the low TeV range, and natural values for the model parameters, the energy shifts in the low-lying muonic-lead transitions are typically of the order of a few times 0.1 eV to a few times 0.01 eV. The energy level structures of the unparticle Uehling shifts are inferred using general methods for the scalar and pseudoscalar cases and it is shown that the two cases contribute to the energy shifts with the same sign. It is shown that this conclusion is not changed even when scale invariance is broken and is in fact relatively insensitive to the scale at which it is broken. It is pointed out nevertheless that the estimatedmore » magnitude of the unparticle Uehling shift (based on some natural values for the model parameters) is a factor of 1000-10000 below the discrepancy in QED/nuclear theory and precision muonic-lead spectroscopy from about two decades ago. We briefly comment on scenarios where the unparticle induced energy shift, if it exists, may be experimentally measurable. One possibility in this direction is if the UV sector, from which the unparticle sector arises, has a large number of fermions. Comments are also made on the possibility of further studying muonic atoms, as a probe for beyond-standard-model physics, in the context of forthcoming experiments, such as those probing lepton flavor violation through coherent muon-electron conversions. For completeness we explore some of the astrophysical and cosmological consequences of a fermiophobic scalar/pseudoscalar unparticle sector. In the fermiophobic context we also estimate a minimum value for the conformal invariance breaking scale.« less
Efficient power droop aware delay fault testing

In today's deep sub-micron designs, large amounts of switching activity may cause a substantial voltage drop on the power rails, also called power droop. Faults that may result from a power droop include delay faults caused by the increased propagation delays from the reduced supply voltage. In order to assess the performance of a manufactured chip, its worst-case droop condition should be tested by applying a specific input pattern which can cause maximum switching activity. On the contrary, during delay fault diagnosis, it would be beneficial for the diagnostic patterns to induce less switching activity in order to filter the embedded noise. In this paper, we propose a new SAT formulation that incorporates depth-limited search to compute the test patterns for these power droop faults. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach for generating test patterns for both transition and path-delay faults that also produce maximal (or minimal) power. Up to three orders of magnitude speed-up can be achieved using our approach.
Isolation of hatching gland cells from the teleost, Oryzias latipes, by centrifugation through percoll

Hatching gland cells (HGCs) of the teleost, Oryzias latipes, have been isolated. The optimum condition is mechanical dissociation of the buccal tissues in Ca-free saline containing 15% bovine serum albumin (BSA). The cell suspension is fractionated by centrifugation through 30–33.3% Percoll TM containing 5% BSA. The isolated HGCs are washed in 5% BSA. BSA in the latter two solutions can be omitted when a swing-out rotor is used. The recovery of total and viable HGCs was about 74% and 45%, respectively. The purity was 75–85%. Cellular integrity was shown by pseudopodial movements of the cultured cells.
Ground accelerations caused by large quarry blasts

Ground acceleration-time measurements have been made within 2000 ft. of two quarry blasts of total charge weight 185 tons and 673 tons. Ground accelerations were of a character and magnitude similar to those associated with damaging earthquakes. Complete response spectrum curves calculated from the acceleration records are presented. Direct comparisons are made between these results and previous similar measurements and calculations using identical instruments, which have been made of strong-motion earthquakes, H. E. blasts, and the Rainier nuclear blast.
The optimal management of headaches in children and adolescents

The recognition of the diagnosis of migraine in children is increasing. Early and aggressive treatment of migraine in this population with the use of over-the-counter medications has proven effective. The off-label use of many migraine-specific medications is often accepted in the absence of sufficient evidenced-based trials. Mild to severe cases of migraine should be treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with triptans used in moderate to severe headaches unresponsive to over-the-counter therapy. Rescue medication including dihydroergotamine [DHE] should be used for status migrainosus, preferably in the hospital setting. Antiemetics that have antidopaminergic properties can be helpful in patients with associated symptoms of nausea and vomiting through their action on central migraine generation. Furthermore, patients and families should be educated on nonpharmacologic management such as lifestyle modification and avoidance of triggers that can prevent episodic migraine.
A Multifractal Analysis of Dispersion During Miscible Flow in Porous Media

Dispersion experiments were performed using three linear, homogeneous, non-uniform porous media constructed in lucite columns with three sizes of spherical glass beads as the porous media. The columns were joined end to end to create a series of layered heterogeneous porous media. Each column and all combinations of columns were studied to determine the effects that porosity, permeability, velocity, viscosity, length, and column order have upon dispersion.
Marshmallows and Votes? Childhood Skill Development and Adult Political Participation

Recent child development research has shown that the psychosocial or non-cognitive skills that children develop — including the ability to self regulate and to integrate in social settings — are critically important for success in school and in the labor force. Are these skills learned in childhood also important for political behaviors, like voting? In this paper, I use a unique school-based 20-year field experiment to show that at risk children who develop psychosocial skills are more likely to vote in adulthood than those who do not. Matching participants to public use voter files, I show that this childhood intervention had a large long-run impact on political participation, increasing adult turnout by 11-14 percentage points. These results suggest a refocusing of political behavior studies on childhood. During this critical period, children can be taught the not explicitly political, but still vital, skills that set them on a path towards political participation in adulthood.
Quantitative relationship between blood alcohol concentration and psychomotor performance

Following aseries of doses of alcohol calculated to produce a BAC of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg%, 14 males were evaluated for psychomotor impairment, and sub;ective impressions. Actual BAC's were estimated at selected intervals during each session by a Breathalyzer. Covariance analysis indicated that performance deteriorated linearly with increasing BAC for both PM and WB test. DAF also demonstrated increased impairment with an increase in BAC. Similar results were found for sub;ective evaluation measmcd by a modified CMI questionnaire. At a mean BAC of 61 mg%, 11 of 14 subjects indicated that their driving ability would be impaired and, at a mean BAC of 89 mg%, all 14 subjects judged that their driving ability would be impaired.
Nature, History and the Search for Order: The Boyle Lectures, 1730–1785

History supplanted nature as the most important apologetical language among English polemical divines during the mid-eighteenth century, but not for the reasons usually adduced. The triumph of history over nature owed everything to the power of orthodox patronage and to nature’s demonstrable apologetical efficacy, and nothing to natural theology’s supposed failure sufficiently to prove God’s existence. Put another way, by the late 1720s orthodox apologists had come to believe that the popular argument from design in nature applied equally to history. Moreover, the argument from design in history appears to have been an apologetical strategy which accorded more closely with the disposition of an increasingly orthodox episcopate during the mid-century period. Little evidences the mid-century historical turn — a shift either missed or ignored by most historians — more clearly than the second generation (1730–1785) of the Boyle lectures, a series of public sermons founded by Robert Boyle in order to defend Christianity from the attacks of unbelievers. For whereas the first generation of lecturers founded their defences of Christianity on natural theology, the second built on Christianity’s historical record.
Clustered nuclei maintain autonomy and nucleocytoplasmic ratio control in a syncytium

Nuclei in syncytia found in fungi, muscles, and tumors can behave independently despite cytoplasmic translation and the homogenizing potential of diffusion. We use a dynactin mutant strain of the multinucleate fungus Ashbya gossypii with highly clustered nuclei to assess the relative contributions of nucleus and cytoplasm to nuclear autonomy. Remarkably, clustered nuclei maintain cell cycle and transcriptional autonomy; therefore some sources of nuclear independence function even with minimal cytosol insulating nuclei. In both nuclear clusters and among evenly spaced nuclei, a nucleus' transcriptional activity dictates local cytoplasmic contents, as assessed by the localization of several cyclin mRNAs. Thus nuclear activity is a central determinant of the local cytoplasm in syncytia. Of note, we found that the number of nuclei per unit cytoplasm was identical in the mutant to that in wild-type cells, despite clustered nuclei. This work demonstrates that nuclei maintain autonomy at a submicrometer scale and simultaneously maintain a normal nucleocytoplasmic ratio across a syncytium up to the centimeter scale.
Nutritional and Biochemical Effects of Nutrition Programs in the Elderly

As more people live longer, there is a need for information regarding the nutritional status of the middle-aged-elderly and the old-elderly. There is also a need to know whether the programs designed to improve nutritional status are indeed helpful. Data from a study in Missouri demonstrate that participation in a congregate meal program did improve the intake of calcium, protein, and (for women) energy.
Matrix Molecules and Their Ligands

Abstract Successful repair, regeneration or replacement of tissues and organs by tissue engineering requires insights into the processes, tested and refined during a billion years of evolution, by which cells form, maintain and repair tissues. It is based on understanding what goes on inside cells as well as knowledge about what goes on between them; how they generate their extracellular matrix (ECM) environment; how they fill it with molecules that allow them be buffered against mechanical and chemical stress; how they use it to communicate with each other and to proliferate, differentiate, migrate and survive within it. This chapter describes some of the major classes of molecules that allow the ECM to meet the needs of the cells within it. It describes polymer-forming proteins such as collagen, elastin and fibrillin that allow cells to be organized in space and provide the basis for spatially defined interactions between cells. It discusses adhesive glycoproteins that bind to integrins and other cell surface receptors regulating attachment, shape, proliferation and differentiation of cells. It further describes large proteoglycans that generate hydrophilic tissue compartments for both facilitating and blocking of cell migration. Finally, it provides examples of how matrix molecules, in addition to serving in structural roles, can regulate cell behavior by stimulating and inhibiting growth factor activities or by releasing peptide fragments that act directly on cells.
Abstract 1988: MYB overexpression is associated with castration-resistance in prostate cancer

Clinical progression of prostate cancer (PCa) is characterized by a transition from castration-sensitive (CS) to castration-resistant (CR) phenotype. We previously demonstrated that MYB overexpression sustained the growth of PCa cells in androgen-depleted growth environment as well as promoted aggressive tumor phenotypes. Here, we examined its role in PCa progression and castration-resistance using appropriate mouse models and delineated underlying molecular mechanisms. Luciferase-tagged MYB-overexpressing (LNCaP-MYB) or -silenced (C4-2-shMYB) PCa cell lines along with their respective control sublines (LNCaP-Neo and C4-2-NTScr) were orthotopically implanted in nude mice and tumor growth was monitored by non-invasive bioluminescence imaging using Xenogen-IVIS optical system. Our data demonstrated significantly enhanced tumor growth in mice implanted with high MYB expressing (LNCaP-MYB and C4-2-NTScr) PCa cells as compared to low MYB expressing (LNCaP-Neo and C4-2-shMYB) cells. To study the role of MYB in castration-resistance, we castrated the mice after tumors from all groups reached comparable size as determined by in vivo imaging. Tumors in LNCaP-Neo and C4-2-shMYB groups exhibited drastic regression following castration. In contrast, only slight initial reduction in the tumor growth was reported in mice from LNCaP-MYB and C4-2-NTScr groups following castration, and they later regained tumor growth. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the median survival of testis-intact (non-castrated) animals of LNCaP-Neo and C4-2-shMYB groups was significantly lower than that of castrated group mice. However, castration in high MYB-expressing tumor bearing mice could barely improve their median survival. Interestingly, MYB expression levels in orthotopic tumors correlated with serum PSA levels. Furthermore, castration of mice in LNCaP-Neo and C4-2-shMYB groups resulted in a rapid reduction in serum PSA levels; while it sustained and continued to rise in MYB overexpressing groups. In additional studies, we demonstrated that MYB interacts with androgen-receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cells, and facilitates the nuclear localization of AR in a ligand-independent manner. In essence, these results suggest a critical role of MYB in the CR progression of PCa. Citation Format: Sanjeev K. Srivastava, Arun Bhardwaj, Seema Singh, Sumit Arora, Nikhil Tyagi, James E. Carter, Ajay P. Singh. MYB overexpression is associated with castration-resistance in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1988.
Secondary Payload Opportunities on NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) Enable Science and Deep Space Exploration

For the first time in almost 40 years, a NASA human-rated launch vehicle has completed its Critical Design Review (CDR). With this milestone, NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) and Orion spacecraft are on the path to launch a new era of deep space exploration. This first launch of SLS and the Orion spacecraft is planned no later than November 2018 and will fly along a translunar trajectory, testing the performance of the SLS and Orion systems for future missions. NASA is making investments to expand the science and exploration capability of the SLS by developing the capability to deploy small satellites during the translunar phase of the mission trajectory. Exploration Mission 1 (EM-1) will include 13 6U CubeSat small satellites to be deployed beyond low Earth orbit. By providing an Earth-escape trajectory, opportunities are created for the advancement of small satellite subsystems, including deep space communications and in-space propulsion. This SLS capability also creates low-cost options for addressing existing agency strategic knowledge gaps and affordable science missions. A new approach to payload integration and mission assurance is needed to ensure safety of the vehicle while also maintaining reasonable costs for the small payload developer teams. SLS EM-1 will provide the framework and serve as a test flight, not only for vehicle systems but also payload accommodations, ground processing, and on-orbit operations. Through developing the requirements and integration processes for EM-1, NASA is outlining the framework for the evolved configuration of secondary payloads on SLS Block upgrades. The lessons learned from the EM-1 mission will be applied to processes and products developed for future block upgrades. In the heavy-lift configuration of SLS, payload accommodations will increase for secondary opportunities including small satellites larger than the traditional CubeSat-class payload. The payload mission concept of operations, proposed payload capacity of SLS, and the payload requirements for launch and deployment will be described to provide potential payload users an understanding of this unique exploration capability.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of regioisomers of 666-15 as inhibitors of CREB-mediated gene transcription

cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) is a nuclear transcription factor that has been implicated in the pathogenesis and maintenance of various types of human cancers. Identification of small molecule inhibitors of CREB-mediated gene transcription has been pursued as a novel strategy for developing cancer therapeutics. We recently discovered a potent and cell-permeable CREB inhibitor called 666-15. 666-15 is a bisnaphthamide and has been shown to possess efficacious anti-breast cancer activity without toxicity in vivo. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of analogs of 666-15 to probe the importance of regiochemistry in naphthalene ring B. Biological evaluations of these analogs demonstrated that the substitution pattern of the alkoxy and carboxamide in naphthalene ring B is very critical for maintaining potent CREB inhibition activity, suggesting that the unique bioactive conformation accessible in 666-15 is critically important.
P73: Prophylactic surgisis mesh does not reduce the incidence of ventral hernia following open gastric bypass

each visit along with clinical data. Results: 79 patients were available for follow up of at least 3 months (1 postop death). Daily oral vitamin intake was started 3 months after the surgery including a standard regimen of vitamin A (50,000 units, one qod), calcium and vitamin D (1,000mg of calcium with 800 units of vitamin D/day) and multivitamins. Iron, Folic acid, vitamin B12 and other micronutrients were given according to the clinical status and biological findings. At 2 years biological data were available for 44 patients and for 23 at 3 years. As shown in the table the main biological parameters remained stable over time despite a slight increase of PTH and decrease of vitamin B12. Conclusion: Despite a major weight loss after DS, daily vitamin supplementation helped to maintain normal values for the most important vitamins and micronutrients. However scheduled blood sample check up should be mandatory to avoid chronic deficiencies.
Dislocation fracture of the head of the tibia. II. Therapeutic procedure

Fracture dislocations of the tibial plateau have associated pathology including ligament- and meniscus tears. They therefore require different treatment than split- or impression fractures. The operative and nonoperative management depends on the soft tissue injuries including ligament tears and depends also on the functional requirements of the patient. Surgical approach, operative time and protection of vascular supply of soft tissue and bony fragments are the main factors influencing postoperative complications and outcome. The different fracture dislocation types according to the Moore classification require specific types of treatment. This includes open reduction with internal or external fixation as well as arthroscopy.
White Matter Connectivity Reflects Success in Musical Improvisation

Creativity is the ability to produce work that is novel, high in quality, and appropriate to an audience. One domain of creativity comes from musical improvisation, in which individuals spontaneously create novel auditory-motor sequences that are aesthetically rewarding. Here we test the hypothesis that individual differences in creative behavior are subserved by mesial and lateral differences in white matter connectivity. We compare jazz improvising musicians against classical (non-improvising) musicians and non-musician control subjects in musical performance and diffusion tensor imaging. Subjects improvised on short musical motifs and underwent DTI. Statistical measures of fluency and entropy for musical performances predicted expert ratings of creativity for each performance. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) showed higher Fractional Anisotropy (FA) in the cingulate cortex and corpus callosum in jazz musicians. FA in the cingulate also correlated with entropy. Probabilistic tractography from these mesial regions to lateral seed regions of the arcuate fasciculus, a pathway known to be involved in sound perception and production, showed mesial-to-lateral connectivity that correlated with improvisation training. Results suggest that white matter connectivity between lateral and mesial structures may integrate domain-general and domain-specific components of creativity.
CO Oxidation Kinetics over Au/TiO2 and Au/Al2O3 Catalysts: Evidence for a Common Water-Assisted Mechanism

The mechanism of CO oxidation over supported gold catalysts has long been debated, with two prevailing mechanisms dominating the discussion: a water-assisted mechanism and a mechanism involving O-defect sites. In this study, we directly address this debate through a kinetic and mechanistic investigation of the role of water in CO oxidation over Au/TiO2 and Au/Al2O3 catalysts; the results clearly indicate a common water-assisted mechanism to be at work. Water adsorption isotherms were determined with infrared spectroscopy; the extracted equilibrium constant was essentially the same for both catalysts. Added water decreases CO adsorption on Au/TiO2, likely by blocking CO binding sites at the metal–support interface. Reaction kinetics (CO, O2, and H2O reaction orders) were essentially the same for both catalysts, as were measured O–H(D) kinetic isotope effects. These data indicate that the two catalysts operate by essentially the same mechanism under the conditions of these experiments (ambient temperature, ...
Binocular summation for reflexive eye movements

Psychophysical studies and our own subjective experience suggest that, in natural viewing conditions (i.e., at medium to high contrasts), monocularly and binocularly viewed scenes appear very similar, with the exception of the improved depth perception provided by stereopsis. This phenomenon is usually described as a lack of binocular summation. We show here that there is an exception to this rule: Ocular following eye movements induced by the sudden motion of a large stimulus, which we recorded from three human subjects, are much larger when both eyes see the moving stimulus, than when only one eye does. We further discovered that this binocular advantage is a function of the interocular correlation between the two monocular images: It is maximal when they are identical, and reduced when the two eyes are presented with different images. This is possible only if the neurons that underlie ocular following are sensitive to binocular disparity.
Sugar-induced hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either conventional rat chow, or a diet in which vegetable starch was replaced with either glucose or sucrose for two weeks. At the end of this period, measurements were made of weight, blood pressure, and plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride concentrations. The average weight gain over the dietary period was approximately 75 g, and did not vary between the three groups. Mean (+/- SEM) blood pressure remained stable in the rats fed conventional chow (124 +/- 2 to 127 +/- 3 mm Hg), but increased significantly in rats fed the glucose-enriched diet (122 +/- 1 to 134 +/- 2 mm Hg, P less than .02, compared to chow-fed rats). The increase in blood pressure was even greater in rats fed the sucrose-enriched diet (122 +/- 2 to 144 +/- 2), and was significantly greater (P less than .005) than in rats fed either conventional chow or the glucose-enriched diet. Plasma glucose concentrations did not change in any of the groups, but plasma insulin concentration approximately doubled in rats fed either the glucose-enriched or sucrose-enriched diets. Finally, plasma triglyceride concentrations also were significantly higher (P less than .002) in both glucose-fed and sucrose-fed rats than in the control group. However, the increase was greatest in the sucrose-fed rats, and was significantly higher than in rats fed the glucose-enriched diet (P less than .002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Shoreline Remembrance

Well over forty years ago—I was about five—my father drove us from Brooklyn to Long Island for a day of picnicking and fishing at a coastal state park. At one point, my mother bravely walked me into the edge of a gull colony. A city girl from Manhattan, she must have been almost as frightened as I, because I remember her squeezing my hand and holding her hat down as the birds—seemingly the size of condors—swooped in with menacing threat calls and the close whoosh of wings. I was terrified. But then suddenly at my feet, there was an amazing bowl of grass and feathers cradling three astonishing, huge speckled eggs. It was my first brush with something wild, and it filled me with a sense of mystery and magical potential. Before the escalating agitation of the great birds forced my mother and me to beat a prudent retreat, that nest made a lifetime impression.
Vertical Ozone Profiles in the Lower Atmosphere and their Relation to Long-Range Transport

Vertical profiles of ozone collected by several investigators fall into one of 6 categories governed by meteorological conditions and time of day. Some types are associated with long range transport of ozone aloft. The frequency of occurrence of the 6 types for different times of day, and locations relative to the city are presented. Specific cases show the effect of nighttime downward-mixing from an ozone reservoir aloft, and cross sections well downwind of urban areas.
High-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of the ν4Fundamental Band of Chlorine Nitrate

Abstract Diode laser spectra of jet-cooled chlorine nitrate have been recorded in the 780 cm −1 spectral region corresponding to the ν 4 fundamental. Jet rotational temperatures of about 7 K have allowed us to resolve the rotational structure of the band and perform an unambiguous spectral assignment for both the 35 ClONO 2 and 37 ClONO 2 isotopomers. Spectroscopic constants for the ν 4 band were determined by fitting the observed transitions to an A -reduction Watson Hamiltonian in the I r representation. Results of a fit for 35 ClONO 2 are (in cm −1 ) ν 0 = 780.21626(4), A ′ = 0.403977(6), B ′ = 0.092525(2), C ′ = 0.075136(1), δ ′ J = 0.42(21) × 10 −8 , Δ ′ J = 0.23(2) × 10 −7 , Δ ′ K = 0.16(2) × 10 −5 , and results of a fit for 37 ClONO 2 are ν 0 = 778.86960(6), A ′ = 0.40388(1), B ′ = 0.089969(1), C ′ = 0.073447(1), Δ ′ J = 0.16(4) × 10 −7 , Δ ′ JK = 0.18(7) × 10 −6 , Δ ′ K = 0.8(3) × 10 −6 . In addition, it was determined from a - and b -type transitions that the ratio of the vibrational dipole moment components is |μ vib a | / | μ vib b | = 2.25(5).
CHEMICALLY ETCHED, MICROFIBRILLAR POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE AS A BIOMATERIAL

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the use of chemically etched, microfibrillar polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a biomaterial. Microfibrillar PTFE has proved to be a valuable biomaterial for microporous membrane oxygenators and vascular grafts. The architecture of the polymer is characterized by a matrix of nodes and connecting fibrils, the orientation and dimensions of which are determined by the manufacturing process. The material combines the qualities of inertness, hydrophobicity, and resistance to corrosion characteristic of the basic polymer with special properties of permeability and potential for tissue ingrowth that derive from its microporous structure. The chapter describes a study in which the surface properties of the mocrofibrillar PTFE was modified by a chemical etching process that removes the fluorine atoms from the surface and leaves a more hydrophilic carbonaceous film. The modifications of the surface characteristics of the material in sheet form with respect to architecture, plasma protein, adsorption, and tissue compatibility were investigated. PTFE was studied in sheet form because flat surfaces were preferable to the curved surfaces of a tube for most of the tests performed. Etching was performed on separate samples for both the smooth and the rough surfaces and with the material held at a fixed length in both parallel and perpendicular positions with respect to the axis of the fibrils. This study showed that it is possible to modify the surface properties of microfibrillar PTFE in a controlled fashion.
Genes and Behavior: Animal Models

Behavior draws on the activities of a wide range of genes acting at many different times in an individual's life. Model organisms have provided insight into the role of genes in behavior that have major implications for humans. Many of the mutations and genetic variants (alleles) that affect behavior in Drosophila and mice have proved to be subtle changes in genes that, when more severely mutated, produce wider ranging effects. Studies of mutants induced in the laboratory have identified a variety of genes that affect behavior: genes that regulate other genes (transcription factors), regulatory enzymes (protein kinases), and signaling molecules in the brain (neuropeptides and receptors). Their study has made major contributions to our understanding of biological rhythms, learning, memory, and social behavior, and have helped explain newer findings on naturally occurring variants in behavior.
Case 31-2018: A 37-Year-Old Man with a Self-Inflicted Gunshot Wound.

A Man with a Self-Inflicted Gunshot Wound A 37-year-old man was admitted to the surgical intensive care unit because of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the face. Management decisions were made.
The Federal Trade Commission Hearings on Competition and Consumer Protection in the 21st Century: Consumer Privacy, Comment of the Global Antitrust Institute, Antonin Scalia Law School, George Mason University

This Comment is submitted in relation to the Federal Trade Commission’s (“FTC”) Hearings on Competition and Consumer Protection in the 21st Century. Specifically, we address the United States Supreme Court’s holding in FTC v. Actavis, Inc. that reverse-payment settlements should be analyzed under the rule of reason. The Court also held that since a full rule of reason analysis is costly and difficult, the size of the settlement may be used a proxy. The idea is that, if a settlement is greater than the potential litigation costs, then this is an indicator of a weak patent, or an attempt by the patent holder to exclude competition—in sum, it indicates that consumer welfare has decreased. We submit this comment based upon our extensive experience and expertise in antitrust law and economics.
The transport of methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside by thermally stressed Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract Heat-injury altered the glucose transport system of Salmonella typhimurium . In the absence of an energy source the rate of methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (α-MG) accumulation was less for heat-injured cells than for normal cells. The decreased level of α-MG accumulation was accounted for by a lower rate of endogenous metabolism in the injured cells. In the presence of an exogenous energy source (succinate), the rate of α-MG transport and the level of α-MG accumulation was much greater for injured cells in comparison to normal cells. The kinetics of α-MG accumulation differed between Trypticase Soy Broth and citrate grown cells.
Husserl’s Phenomenology of Spirit: A Reading of the Crisis of European Sciences and Related Manuscripts

In this paper I trace the revival of Hegel in France and Germany in the early twentieth century and point especially to the crucial role of phenomenology (both Husserl and Heidegger, as well as their students, e.g. Fink, Landgrebe and Marcuse) in incorporating Hegel into their mature transcendental philosophy. Indeed, Martin Heidegger was responsible for a significant revival of Hegel studies at the University of Freiburg, following his arrival there in 1928 as the successor to Husserl. Similarly, Husserl’s student, Fink characterised Husserl’s phenomenology in explicitly Hegelian terms as “the self-comprehension of the Absolute”. The late Husserl seems to embrace the Hegelian vision when he presents his approach in the Crisis itself as a “teleological historical reflection”.
Genome Sequences of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Dublin Isolates

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin, which can cause enteritis and systemic infections in humans, has been associated with antimicrobial resistance. Here, we report draft genome sequences of seven multidrug-resistant S. Dublin isolates from human samples. These sequences will contribute to an understanding of pathogenesis and resistance determinants in this serovar.