cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The cruncher: automatic concept formation using minimum description length

We present The Cruncher, a simple representation framework and algorithm based on minimum description length for automatically forming an ontology of concepts from attribute-value data sets. Although unsupervised, when The Cruncher is applied to an animal data set, it produces a nearly zoologically accurate categorization. We demonstrate The Cruncher's utility for finding useful macro-actions in Reinforcement Learning, and for learning models from uninterpreted sensor data. We discuss advantages The Cruncher has over concept lattices and hierarchical clustering.
Chriss, Roy M. Mersky: An Oral History Interview. Tarlton Law Library Oral History Series No. 9

You do not need to be a Texan or a lawyer or a librarian to appreciate this seventy-five–page book, a transcript of four interview sessions with Roy M. Mersky, longtime director of the Tarlton Law ...
Enhancing the Connection to Undergraduate Engineering Students: A Hands-on and Team-Based Approach to Fluid Mechanics

This article provides information about the integration of innovative hands-on activities within a sophomore-level Fluid Mechanics course at *** University (name withheld to uphold blind review process). The course introduces students to the fundamentals of fluid mechanics with emphasis on teaching key equations and methods of analysis for solving real-world problems. Strategies and examples for moving beyond a traditional lecture-based course are shared, with links highlighting various media used in the course. Implementation of an end-of-semester survey, examples of student performance on select assignments, and qualitative feedback from students indicate the effectiveness of these hands-on activities designed to increase student engagement.
A dynamic cardiac SPECT computer simulation

A computer simulation was developed to investigate the effects that cardiac motion, time-varying tracer activity, and differences in relative attenuation between the blood and extravascular (tissue) activity regions have on kinetic modeling using dynamic SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) imaging. The projection/reconstruction process did not introduce significant errors in the fitted parameters. The blood and tissue activity curves showed little difference for various heart rates >5 BPM for 10 s scans. If the blood region of interest was contaminated by tissue, then both the forward (k/sub 21/) and back (k/sub 12/) exchange increased depending on the amount of contamination. Spillover of tissue activity into the blood region due to cardiac motion increased f/sub v/ but had little effect on k/sub 21/ and k/sub 12/. Nonuniform attenuation changed k/sub 21/ and f/sub v/ significantly (>32% change). Only the parameters f/sub v/ and k/sub 21/ were dependent on the relative attenuation difference between the blood and tissue activity regions. >
Lithium Redistribution in Lithium-Metal Batteries

A model of a lithium-metal battery with a CoO2 positive electrode has been modeled in order to predict the movement of lithium in the negative electrode along the negative electrode/separator interface during cell cycling. A finite-element approach was used to incorporate an intercalation positive electrode using superposition, electrode tabbing, transport using concentrated solution theory, as well as the net movement of the lithium electrode during cycling. From this model, it has been found that movement of lithium along the negative electrode/separator interface does occur during cycling and is affected by three factors: the cell geometry, the slope of the open-circuit-potential function of the positive electrode, and concentration gradients in both the solid and liquid phases in the cell. (C) 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.027210jes] All rights reserved.
Far infrared filters for solar observation

Abstract Reststrahlen filters have long been used for isolating bands of radiation in the far infrared because they combine high transmission with very good rejection of the visible and near infrared. A simple arrangement for holding one to four crystals to form such a filter is presented. The arrangement has the advantages of ease of alignment, straight-through optical path, and resistance to misalignment from shock or thermal changes.
RELATION BETWEEN CONTENT AND RESPONSE STYLE IN ICL FEMININITY SCORES

Summary.-ICL responses of 40 Ss were divided into high and normal range Femininity Scores. Hyperfeminine scores were shown to be associated with, but not an artifact of, greater tendency to agree. There was no significant relationship between Femininity and Social Desirability. In recent explorations of the self perceptions of wives of alcoholics, the authors (Kogan & Jackson, in press; 1963) noted the tendency for a substantial number of these women to subscribe co more items which are classified as being feminine than comparison Ss did. In the light of che present controversial confusion over what ic is that personality assessment instruments are measuring, it is relevant to question whether the high Femininicy Scores reflected important content or were merely arcifacts of response styles. Christie and Lindauer's recent review (1963) points ouc that most existing scales and inventories are affected by both social desirability and tendency co agree. They conclude that "Although ic is too early to do more than speculate, it appears plausible that response tendencies may have as much (if not more) co do with personality structure than the content of many widely used scales." The present analysis examined the ICL responses of 40 wives of active nlcoholics to the instruction "I am . . . when my husband is sober." Records were scored for Femininig. Twenty-one Femininity Scores were categorized as being hyperfeminine, i.e., falling above the 90th percentile of the scores obtained by comparison wives responding to analogous instructions; the remaining 19 wives of alcoholics were classified as having Femininity Scores within normal range. The first observation of importance was that the hyperfeminine scorers endorsed%ignificantly more of the total 128 items of the check list than did those who scored within normal feminine range: mean hyperfeminine, 62.14; mean normal feminine, 46.95 (t = 4.75, P < .01). In spice of the fact that the Femininicy Score consists of the number of feminine items endorsed (out of 49) plus the number of masculine items not endorsed (out of 31), it could 'This investlgatlon was supported in pan by the Research Career Development Award GM-K3-15, 262-C3-A and Behavioral Sciences Supplies Grant GM-K3-15, 262-C3-B of the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, and the Boeing Employees Good Neighbor Fund. 'In the format used in this research, S is required to circle "yes" or "no" for each item; circling "yes" is viewed as representing the tendency to agree.
Landscape risk factors for Lyme disease in the eastern broadleaf forest province of the Hudson River valley and the effect of explanatory data classification resolution.

This study assessed how landcover classification affects associations between landscape characteristics and Lyme disease rate. Landscape variables were derived from the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), including native classes (e.g., deciduous forest, developed low intensity) and aggregate classes (e.g., forest, developed). Percent of each landcover type, median income, and centroid coordinates were calculated by census tract. Regression results from individual and aggregate variable models were compared with the dispersion parameter-based R 2 (R 2 a) and AIC. 2 a was 0.82 and 0.83 for the best aggregate and individual model, respectively. The AICs for the best models differed by less than 0.5%. The aggregate model variables included forest, developed, agriculture, agriculture-squared, y-coordinate, y-coordinate-squared, income and income-squared. The individual model variables included deciduous forest, deciduous forest-squared, developed low intensity, pasture, y-coordinate, y-coordinate-squared, income, and income-squared. Results indicate that regional landscape models for Lyme disease rate are robust to NLCD landcover classification resolution. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Animal models of the cancer anorexia–cachexia syndrome

Background and aims Cancer cachexia, a complex wasting syndrome, is common in palliative medicine. Animal models expand our understanding of its mechanisms. A review of cancer cachexia and anorexia animal models will help investigators make an informed choice of the study model.
Superconductivity in Cerium- and Plutonium-Based `115' Materials

Over the past five or so years, a family of cerium- and plutonium-based superconductors that crystallize in the HoCoGa 5 structure has attracted considerable attention. These materials display heav...
Fluctuons—I. Operational analysis

Abstract Fluctuons are chains of particle-antiparticle excitations that originate as uncertainty fluctuations of unmanifest vacuum fermions and propagate due to their inability to simultaneously satisfy energy and momentum conservation. It is possible to model a variety of physical phenomena with fluctuons: electromagnetism, gravity, various particle properties, and quantum measurement.
Age Changes in Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Responses to Tilting and Standardized Exercise

Tilting and standardized exercise caused extensive shifts of heart rate and auscultatory blood pressures in 140 ambulatory male subjects from 20 to 92 years of age. Following similar exercise, the older subjects showed a greater increase of heart rate and pulse pressure than did the younger subjects who compensated the changes caused by tilting more completely and rapidly than did the older subjects. These slower compensatory responses of older subjects should be considered in the interpretation of metabolic recovery rates after exercise.
Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect by Robert J. Sampson

Robert J. Sampson, Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012).There is a scene in the film Crocodile Dundee in which a young hood...
SU-E-T-261: Determination of Initial Exposure Rates and Clearance Constants in a Sequence of 165 Consecutive Thyroid Cancer Patients Undergoing NaI-131 Therapy.

Purpose: Following surgery, papillary and follicular thyroid cancers are usually treated with oral administration of NaI‐131. In order to estimate subsequent staff, family, and public exposures, it is important to measure both exposure rates as well as the time of clearance of residual activity from these individuals. There is the additional possibility that patient whole‐body absorbed dose estimates may be made using the data. Methods: During the historical interval 2006 – 2010, a total of 165 consecutive thyroid cancer patients were assayed at the time of activity administration and over the following several days. Using a calibrated radiation detector, exposure rates at one meter from the navel were measured between 2 and 5 times before release. By using these measurements and assuming a single‐exponential clearance, we were able to evaluate initial exposure rates as well as the biological rate constant [k(biol)] for clearance of I‐131 from the body. Results: Regression analyses were used to fit the initial exposure [X(0)] results as a function of administered activity. By least‐squares, the slope was determined to be 0.15 mR/h/mCi over a clinically determined activity range of 25 to 250 mCi. At a given activity, there was wide variation of X(0) due to individual factors such as amount of residual thyroid mass and body habitus. For example, at 150 mCi, X(0) varied from 15 to 35 mR/h at one meter with the average being 25 mR/h. For the 165 patients, the mean biological clearance constant was 0.049/h. Conclusion: Average initial exposure rates at one meter from 165 NaI‐131 patients have been determined. The biological clearance was seen to be much more rapid than the physical decay constant for I‐131 (0.0036/h). At a given activity level, variation of exposure rates was approximately +/− 40% over the corresponding patient population.
Hierarchical dynamics in large assemblies of interacting oscillators

Abstract We study a collection of phase-coupled oscillators possessing a hierarchical coupling structure. We establish a necessary condition for the existence of a phase transition to collective synchrony for finite values of the coupling strength in terms of an inequality involving the connectivity between clusters of oscillators, the rate at which coupling strengths decrease with ultrametric distance, and the dispersion of intrinsic frequencies. When the inequality is not satisfied, there is a cascade of discrete transitions to intracluster synchrony as the coupling strength is increased, but no global synchronization is possible in the infinite size limit.
Structure of and electronic interactions in aromatic polyvalent iodine compounds: A 13C NMR study†

Available data on the structures, electronic substituent effects and 13 C NMR spectra of aromatic polyvalent iodine compounds, particularly iodoso and iodoxy derivatives, are summarized and discussed. A series of aromatic tri- and penta-valent iodine compounds were synthesized, their 13 C NMR spectra were measured and the substituent chemical shifts (SCS) for several polyvalent iodine functional groups were calculated. As the oxidation state of iodine increases (I → II → V), the strong shielding of the ipso-carbon atom by iodine in aryl iodides due to the 'heavy-atom effect' (30 ppm) decreases substantially, and this decrease is apparently general for stable hypervalent iodine compounds. Possible explanations are discussed and correlations between chemical shifts, structures and/or electronic effects are proposed.
Carrier Screening: Past, Present, and Future

To date, preconceptual and prenatal patients have been offered gene-by-gene, disorder-by-disorder carrier screening. Newer techniques allow screening of many disorders at one time. The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the current practice and future direction of carrier screening within the preconceptual/prenatal setting.
Impacts of leg loss and regeneration on body condition, growth, and development time in the wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata

Autotomy (self-amputation) of appendages and subsequent regeneration is common to many taxa. These processes are known to affect foraging abilities, growth, and development time in many taxa. However, little is known about their effects in arachnids. We addressed the effects of autotomy and regeneration on body condition, growth (size and mass), and development time (molt interval) for the wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz, 1844) in the field and laboratory. Frequency of autotomy in the field was high (11%–19%). Field-caught individuals with missing or regenerating legs had significantly lower body size, mass, and condition. To test the effects of regeneration on size, mass, and molt interval in the laboratory, we induced autotomy of one or both forelegs. Spiders regenerating two legs had reduced molt intervals, were smaller, and weighed less than spiders that were intact or regenerating one leg. Field-caught spiders that had undergone autotomy and regeneration in the laboratory exhibited reduced size...
Effectiveness and Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices in Residential Care Settings

Purpose Prompted by calls to implement evidence-based practices (EBPs) into residential care settings (RCS), this review addresses three questions: (1) Which EBPs have been tested with children and youth within the context of RCS? (2) What is the evidence for their effectiveness within such settings? (3) What implementation issues arise when transporting EBPs into RCS?
INTELLIGENCE AND EARLIEST MEMORY

The relationship between intelligence and memory has been investigated mostly from the perspective of relatively short-term memory. This study focused on the relationship between intelligence and t...
An Fe2+-dependent cyclic phosphodiesterase catalyzes the hydrolysis of 7,8-dihydro-D-neopterin 2',3'-cyclic phosphate in methanopterin biosynthesis.

7,8-Dihydro-d-neopterin 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate (H2N-cP) is the first intermediate in biosynthesis of the pterin portion of tetrahydromethanopterin (H4MPT), a C1 carrier coenzyme first identified in the methanogenic archaea. This intermediate is produced from GTP by MptA (MJ0775 gene product), a new class of GTP cyclohydrolase I [Grochowski, L. L., Xu, H., Leung, K., and White, R. H. (2007) Biochemistry 46, 6658−6667]. Here we report the identification of a cyclic phosphodiesterase that hydrolyzes the cyclic phosphate of H2N-cP and converts it to a mixture of 7,8-dihydro-d-neopterin 2′-monophosphate and 7,8-dihydro-d-neopterin 3′-monophosphate. The enzyme from Methanocaldococcus jannachii is designated MptB (MJ0837 gene product) to indicate that it catalyzes the second step of the biosynthesis of methanopterin. MptB is a member of the HD domain superfamily of enzymes, which require divalent metals for activity. Direct metal analysis of the recombinant enzyme demonstrated that MptB contained 1.0 mol of zinc...
Polyphyly of Hylophilus and a new genus for the Tawny-crowned Greenlet (Aves: Passeriformes: Vireonidae)

Once a catch-all taxon for various small, greenish passerines (Sclater 1881), today the genus Hylophilus Temminck contains 15 species of Neotropical greenlets in the avian family Vireonidae (Clements et al. 2013). Although Hylophilus species do share some common anatomical proportions and plumage features (Baird 1866; Ridgway 1904), some striking and concordant differences in habitat, voice, and iris color led Ridgely and Tudor (1989) to posit that the genus might contain sufficient diversity to warrant splitting into multiple genera.
Bugs and birds: Children's acquisition of second language vocabulary through interaction

Abstract This article is a report of a small-scale study of the effects of meaning negotiation on young children's acquisition of word meanings. The children listened individually and in small groups to directions containing words unknown to them. They were encouraged to negotiate their understanding of the directions. The results show that the children varied in their ability or willingness to negotiate, that they negotiated more effectively when part of a group, that negotiation aided comprehension, that the extent to which individual children negotiated was not related to their acquisition of word meanings and that there was no direct relationship between the children's comprehension of the teacher's directions and the target words. These results suggest that meaning negotiation may play a less prominent role in acquisition for children than it does for adults. They also raise questions about when negotiated input works for acquisition and when it does not.
Primary lymphoma of prostate:Transrectal ultrasonic appearance

In the case presented, primary lymphoma of the prostate was diagnosed by ultrasonically guided transrectal biopsy. Primary lymphoma of the prostate should be included in the differential diagnosis of a hypoechoic lesion found on ultrasonic evaluation of the prostate in a young adult.
Evaluation of abdominal fistulas with computed body tomography (CT).

Abstract Twenty-nine patients with 32 abdominal fistulas were evaluated by sinograms and CT. Sinograms were superior to CT in displaying the fistulous tract and its communications to specific organ systems. CT added information affecting treatment plan or surgical approach by defining extent, nature and location of underlying disease, by eliminating overlap of opacified fistulas, cavities, bowel loops and surface contaminations and by detecting additional undrained abscesses or recurrent tumor masses. While sinograms remain the initial procedure in the evaluation of abdomina fistulas, CT offers a useful secondary modality in selected instances.
Investigation of Efficient CFD Methods for Rotating Stall Prediction in a Centrifugal Compressor Stage

The Time Transformation Method in ANSYS CFX is investigated as an efficient substitution to Transient Rotor Stator (TRS) analysis for rotating stall prediction in a centrifugal compressor stage. The computational study was performed by varying the number of blade sectors to determine how the circumferential extent of the computational domain affects the accuracy of the stall prediction. The results obtained using a minimum number of blades, approximately one-quarter the full blade count, and approximately one-half the full blade count were compared to both TRS and steady simulations on the same mesh to characterize the predictive capability of each approach. It is shown that both steady and unsteady methods are able to predict the formation of stall cells, but significant qualitative and quantitative differences exist in the flowfield results. The largest mass flow rate at which rotating stall was captured and the number of stall cells were in good agreement with the experimental data.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Conceptual Model Development for Invasive Species and a Regional Risk Assessment Case Study: The European Green Crab, Carcinus maenas, at Cherry Point, Washington, USA

Abstract The goal of this article was to generate a method of regional scale ecological risk assessment using an adaptation Relative Risk Model (RRM). As a case study we performed a quantitative, regional risk assessment of an invasive species, the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) at Cherry Point, Washington, USA. The conceptual model was modified from the RRM and incorporates the structure of the hierarchical patch dynamic paradigm. The ranks and filters were integrated to determine the relative contribution of each source of C. maenas to risk as well as the risk to selected biological endpoints, habitats and sub-regions for two source scenarios: (1) current conditions (2004) and (2) future conditions during an El Nino year. The results suggest that the habitat and endpoint with the greatest risk are the eelgrass habitat and the juvenile Dungeness crab, respectively. The Cherry Point subregion was identified as the area having the most risk in the first source scenario, while the Lummi Bay sub-regio...
Aging and strength of bone as a structural material

There is a general, age-related reduction in the material strength and stiffness of bone in both men and women. Between the ages of 35 and 70, cortical bone strength in bending is diminished by about 15-20%, and cancellous bone strength in compression is reduced about 50%. In addition, bone becomes increasingly brittle and fractures with less energy. It is hypothesized that this tendency is driven by the need for remodeling to repair fatigue damage, and the fact that most osteonal and endotrabecular remodeling events fail to replace all the bone that they remove. Each remodeling event also introduces cement line interfaces, which although affording protection against fatigue failure, weaken bone for monotonic loading. Remodeling also affects collagen fiber orientation, mineralization, and the amount of unrepaired fatigue damage, which are additional determinants of bone strength and stiffness. Mechanical factors apparently inhibit age-related bone loss where stresses are higher by reducing remodeling rates and/or the deficit at each remodeling site. They may also stimulate modeling responses, primarily in the form of periosteal bone formation, which, in men more than women, alter bone size and shape to effectively compensate for loss of material strength. Suggested directions for future research include elucidation of the relationships between (1) histologically observable microcracks and bone fragility, (2) remodeling and the repair of fatigue damage, and (3) estrogen and other hormones and mechanically adaptive responses.
The technical aspects of electrosurgery.

Abstract This article explains the basic theory of electrosurgical instrumentation and defines the parameters of electrosurgical performance. It describes the terms and definitions associated with electrosurgery in terms of simple electrical theory and relates these terms to their clinical effects and current histologic findings. The article goes on to compare the output waveforms of five commercial electrosurgical instruments presently in use in the dental field and describes the output for all but one of these units as basically similar in the cut, coagulate, or desiccate modes. Clinical differences in their action are explained as a result of cutting tip configuration and actual output power level.
Mode II fracture toughness testing of a fiber-reinforced ceramic composite

Abstract A test technique to characterize the mode II fracture behavior in fiber-reinforced ceramic composites was developed. This was demonstrated by measuring the mode II critical strain energy release rate at room and elevated temperatures (333°C and 556°C). The present study used the silicon carbide (Nicalon) fiber/glass-ceramic 1723 matrix composite system. The G IIC was found to be slightly lower for 333°C than for room temperature showing the increased brittle behavior of the tested glass-ceramic matrix at 333°C. However, the G IIC was three times higher for 556°C, indicating a pronounced ductile behavior of the tested glass-ceramic matrix at this elevated temperature.
A memory of errors in sensorimotor learning

The current view of motor learning suggests that when we revisit a task, the brain recalls the motor commands it previously learned. In this view, motor memory is a memory of motor commands, acquired through trial-and-error and reinforcement. Here we show that the brain controls how much it is willing to learn from the current error through a principled mechanism that depends on the history of past errors. This suggests that the brain stores a previously unknown form of memory, a memory of errors. A mathematical formulation of this idea provides insights into a host of puzzling experimental data, including savings and meta-learning, demonstrating that when we are better at a motor task, it is partly because the brain recognizes the errors it experienced before.
Using speech and gesture to introduce new objects to young children

Adults rely on both speech and gesture to provide children with information pertinent to new word meanings. Parents were videotaped introducing new objects to their children (aged 1;6 and 3;0). They introduce these objects in three phases: (1) they establish joint attention on an object; (2) they introduce a label for it; (3) they situate the object conceptually. Parents used labels and gestures to maintain attention on the object; with one-year-olds, they led with gestures to capture the children’s attention. They added supplementary information about objects only after labeling them, again with speech and gesture. They used indicating gestures (point, touch, tap) to identify the objects labeled, their parts, and their properties. They used demonstrating gestures (turning a truck wheel, opening salad tongs) to depict actions and functions they were describing in words. These procedures support children in their construction of meanings for new words.
Search in an unstructured visual field.

Search in an unstructured visual field is an independent random process under the conditions described in this paper. The basic data for this report are 3072 search trials for each of four practiced observers. The four targets were circular and intercepted angles of 4.8′, 13′, 24′, and 46′. Four search areas which measured 0.011, 0.084, 0.26, and 0.48 sterad, and four values of background luminance 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, and 12.4 ft-L were employed. Four contrasts were used for each of the 16 target size and background luminance conditions. These contrasts were generally at least twice the 95% threshold contrast.The data for the four subjects were combined, and since a one-parameter distribution was an adequate description, the mean time to detection has been tabulated for the 64 different experimental conditions to summarize these findings.
The History of Prophecy in West Africa: Indigenous, Islamic, and Christian

This article examines the role of prophecy in the religious history of West Africa. Examples of prophecy are provided from indigenous religions, Islam, and Christianity. Prophetic movements were less common in the history of Islam due to Islamic theology, however, they were quite common in the history of West African indigenous religions and Christianity.
Vibration of an infinite membrane supported by an array of posts

The vibration of an infinite membrane supported by a square or triangular array of circular posts is studied by eigenfunction expansion and collocation. The fundamental frequencies are found to be highly sensitive to both small and large relative post radii b. The singular nature of the frequency as b → 0 is expressed in an asymptotic formula.
A Note on the Scale Analysis of Phase Change Problems

The scaling technique used extensively by Bejan is applied to a phase change problem recently investigated by Cheung. The scaling methodology is a speedy, approximate way of performing a parameteric study within an order of magnitude of accuracy. Such a study is presented in this note for examining the growth of a solidified freeze-coat layer on the surface of a chilled continuous plate moving steadily through a quiescent warm liquid. Cheung studied this problem via a similarity analysis by a combined analytical-computational scheme. His results are utilized as a basis for comparison with the predictions of the present scale analysis. The scale analysis is applied to the integral form of the equations that govern the growth of a solidified freeze-coat layer. As little as the effort involved in employing in the scaling technique is, it provides satisfactory estimates as evidenced from the present comparison. Finally, a noteworthy benefit of the scale analysis in phase change problems is that it provides the dimensionless parameters pertinent in similarity analyses.
Destruction of trichloroethylene during hydration of calcium oxide

Quicklime (calcium oxide, CaO) is often used as part of soil cleanup operations to remove contaminants or to create more favorable physical soil conditions for treatment. The extent to which quicklime chemically reacts with trichloroethylene (TCE) was evaluated by reacting CaO with a TCE-water mixture in test vessels designed to minimize volatilization loss. The impact of excess water and the presence of air were evaluated. During the hydration of CaO, a fraction of the spiked TCE was destroyed, and several different byproducts were detected (chloride and several organic chemicals). The primary organic byproduct was dichloroacetylene (DCA). In the presence of air, the degradation of DCA resulted in the formation of perchloroethylene (PCE), hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCDE), and chloroacetylene (CA). The maximum amount of TCE degradation occurred with a CaO/H(2)O ratio of 1:1 in the presence of air. The formation of DCA was hindered by the presence of excess water. In the presence of excess water (a CaO/H(2)O ratio of 1:2) the detected byproducts accounted for less than 4% of the total chlorine originally spiked as TCE.
Light scattering from a moving atom

In this work, scattering of an incident electric field from a moving atom is reexamined classically in two steps: the time-dependent current density created by the field inside the atom is first calculated under the electric-dipole approximation, and is then used to calculate the field scattered from the atom. Unlike the conventional frame-hopping method, the present method does not need to treat the Doppler effect as an effect separated from the scattering process, and it derives instead of simply uses the Doppler effect.
Fertility and Hatchability of Eggs Produced by New Hampshire Breeders During Their First 365 Days of Production

ABSTRACT REPORTS by a number of workers have quite definitely established the fact that where rigid selection has not been practiced, eggs laid during the second year tend to be lower in fertility and hatchability than those laid during the first year. Observation and results reported by Hays and Sanborn (1924), Warren (1934), Funk (1934), and Insko, Lowry and Caldwell (1951) indicate that the hatching quality of eggs laid during the first laying year is to a slight but significant degree superior to the hatching quality of those produced during the second year of production. Hays (1955) reported that in a closed pedigreed flock, the effects of selection are likely to modify results because older breeding females that were used for breeding in the pullet year have already been selected for such specific characteristics as high fertility and high hatchability. He found when working with breeders whose age ranged from pullets . . .
SP-100 Thermoelectric Cell Testing

Five prototypic SP-100 thermoelectric cells were put on test in vacuum at prototypic temperatures. Their thermal and electrical performances were characterized with 200, 300, 400, and 500°C temperature gradients across the cell. The latter was representative of prototypic operating conditions with a 1050°C hot-side temperature and a 550°C cold-side temperature. The initial thermal and electrical performance of all five cells closely matched predictions. Following the characterization testing the cells were put on an extended life test at the prototypic temperatures to determine any significant degradation modes of the cell. Throughout this test, the thermal performance of the cells was nearly identical to predictions. The tests with the initial three cells also confirmed earlier suspicions that the hot-side silicon - germaniumto-electrode interface would degrade without some significant protective coating at the bond line. Because of resource limitations and early development problems with this coating, the necessary protective layers had not yet been fully developed at the time the first three cells were manufactured. Subsequent to these tests, new cells were fabricated with this technology, two of which are currently on test. These two cells have not shown any significant degradation in performance beyond predictions. These tests along with accelerated experiments with coupons, have now validated the type-approval cell technology.
Automatic Generation Of 3-D Pictorial Drawing From Intensity Image

This paper presents an approach to generate the pictorial drawing of a 3-D object from its 2-D images. Through preprocessing, the intensity image can be converted to a binary boundary image from which the system fetches the existing features, i.e. junctions, corners, lines, and regions. However, the small intensity differences may produce dangling lines and missing lines. They can be identified by using the properties of surface gradient and heuristic rules. The system is designed to make the right connection of the dangling lines, to restore the missing lines, and to generate a pictorial drawing.
HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING OF NEW RIVER INLET, NORTH CAROLINA USING NEARCOM-TVD

The goal of this study is to investigate the role of wave-current interaction in tidal inlet hydrodynamics. A quasi-3D nearshore community model, NearCoM-TVD, is used to simulate circulation and waves at New River Inlet, NC, USA. Model skill for waves and circulation is evaluated at about 30 locations throughout the inlet, including a recently dredged navigation channel, a shallower channel, a flood tidal delta, and ebb tidal deltas, for a range of flow conditions in May 2012. Model skills for flow velocity and wave height are high in the channels. The numerical model also captures the sharp transition between wave-dominated and tide-dominated flows near the ebb tidal deltas. Model results demonstrate that wave intensity plays an important role in circulation (vortex) generation near inlet entrances.
Chondroid tenosynovial giant cell tumor: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 5 new cases

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) arises from the synovium of joints or tendon sheaths. Chondroid metaplasia in TGCT is rare with only 4 well-documented cases reported in the literature. The authors describe the morphological features and immunophenotype of 5 new cases of chondroid TGCT emphasizing a broader range of matrix patterns in these tumors and an expanded immunophenotype, specifically, staining for clusterin and podoplanin which have recently been found to be expressed in conventional TGCTs. Chondroid metaplasia was extensive in 3 cases. Matrix patterns included chondromyxoid, chondro-osseous, hyaline-like, and lace-like calcification similar to that seen in chondroblastoma. The authors conclude that chondroid TGCT is a rare, distinct synovial tumor with a predilection for the temporomandibular joint that has a similar immunophenotype as conventional TGCT. Chondroid metaplasia may be extensive and have a variety of matrix patterns. Chondroid TGCT needs to be distinguished from other chondroid lesions, including chondroblastoma and chondrosarcoma.
Thiocyanate and nitrite inhibit proton translocation in gastric musosa

Abstract Isolated frog gastric mucosa was used to study the separation of formation of protons (or their precursors) from proton translocation by using various inhibitors. Both thiocyanate (SCN−) and nitrite (NO2−) inhibit the acid secretion in spontanously secreting mucosa. The inhibition is reversed when the inhibitor is removed such that the excess acid secreted above baseline in the ‘off’-period compensates for the amount inhibited in the ‘on’-period. Both agents also inhibit the effect on acid secretion of pulse stimulation with histamine though to a lesser extent. Upon removal of the inhibitor, the total amount of acid secreted in excess of basal is equal to that observed with histamine alone. Likewise, metiamide, an H2-antagonist, also inhibits acid secretion with or without histamine. However, in contrast to SCN− and NO2−, removal of this inhibitor is without effect on the acid-secretion rate. These results indicate that both SCN− and NO2− inhibit the proton translocation rather than the formation of protons or their precursors as is the case with metiamide.
Maximal brain size remains an important predictor of cognition in old age, independent of current brain pathology

There is growing interest in the influence of early-life development on clinical manifestations of late-life diseases. Latent variable modeling was used to investigate how maximal brain volume (measured by intracranial volume [ICV]) and current brain volumes uniquely contribute to domain-specific cognitive performance in a group of 401 cognitively and ethnically diverse older adults. Individual effects of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures including ICV were examined as predictors of episodic memory, semantic memory, spatial ability, and executive function. Total brain matter volume related to all cognitive domains; hippocampal volume was associated primarily with episodic memory; white matter hyperintensity volume was related to executive function and episodic memory. Maximal brain size as measured by ICV was related to semantic memory, executive function, and spatial ability independent of current brain volumes (ps < 0.01). Relationships between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables and cognition did not differ substantially across groups defined by ethnicity, gender, and with minor exceptions, clinical diagnosis. Results suggest maximal brain development and measures of brain injury/atrophy jointly contribute to cognitive function in older people.
The practice patterns of adult oncologists' care of pediatric oncology patients.

The role of the adult oncologists in the area of pediatric cancer treatment previously has been unmeasured. A questionnaire bearing regarding the practice of 447 adult oncologists was administered in June 1991. The membership list of the Association of Community Cancer Centers was used to identify contact oncologists. One hundred thirty-one questionnaires (29.3%) were returned for analysis. The data reveal that 204 patients younger than 21 years of age were treated during the last year in 63 adult oncology practices. Most of these patients were more than 15 years of age. Only a minority (53) were treated in rural practices. In addition, only a minority (27%) of these patients are reported to be enrolled in clinical trials
Plasmodium berghei: correlation of in vitro erythrophagocytosis with the dynamics of early-onset anemia and reticulocytosis in mice.

Abstract Infection of BALB/c mice with Plasmodium berghei results in an anemia which is excessive to that which can be accounted for solely by direct destruction of infected erythrocytes by the mature schizonts at the time of merozoite release. Mice infected with 10 4 infected erythrocytes exhibited a progressive anemia beginning on Day 7. Significant reticulocytosis was first observed on Day 9 and parasitemia tended to parallel reticulocytosis with a lag of about 1 day. In studies of erythrophagocytosis, washed erythrocytes from randomly selected mice infected with 10 5 infected red blood cells were phagocytized by peritoneal macrophages in vitro to a significantly greater extent on Days 3–5 postinfection than were erythrocytes taken from normal controls. The degree of erythrophagocytosis reached a peak on Day 4 and returned to control levels on Days 6 and 7. Erythrocytes taken from infected animals on Day 7 and incubated in normal plasma were phagocytized to a significantly greater extent than were normal erythrocytes incubated in normal plasma or erythrocytes from infected mice incubated in plasma from infected animals. The enhanced in vitro erythrophagocytosis observed on Days 3–5, which preceded and coincided with the beginning of the early-onset anemia on Day 5, may correlate with in vivo phenomena which may contribute to the developing anemia. Furthermore, the restoration of enhanced erythrophagocytosis by normal plasma seems to indicate that some component(s) of normal plasma may be depleted during the early stages of P. berghei infection.
4.0 Å Cryo-EM Structure of the Mammalian Chaperonin: TRiC/CCT

TRiC is a eukaryotic chaperonin essential for de novo folding of ∼10% newly synthesized cytosolic proteins, many of which cannot be folded by other cellular chaperones. Unlike prokaryotic and archael chaperonins, each of its two rings consists of eight unique, but similar subunits. Using single particle cryo-EM, we determined the mammalian TRiC structure without any symmetry imposition at 4.7 A resolution, which is the highest resolution asymmetric cryo-EM reconstruction to date. An analysis of this map allowed us to elucidate the relative orientation of the two rings and the two-fold symmetry axis location between them. A subsequent two-fold symmetrized map yielded a 4.0 A structure, in which a large fraction of side chains and structural elements including loops and insertions appear as visible densities. These features permitted unambiguous identification of all eight individual subunits, despite their similarity. A Cα backbone model of the entire TRiC complex was subsequently refined from initial homology models against the cryo-EM density based on our subunit identification. A refined all-atom model for a single subunit showed ∼95% of the dihedral angles in the allowable regions of the Ramachandran plot. Our model reveals that the cavity walls of TRiC exhibit an overall positively charged surface property, the opposite of GroEL. The interior surface chemical properties likely play an important role for TRiC's unique substrate specificity.
Production of Negative Ions from Fluorocarbons and Reaction Mechanism

The temperature dependence of the formation of negative ions from C6F6, C5F5N, C6F5CN, C6F5CF3, and C6F5C6F5 was studied by using negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Parent negative ion and fragment ions: F- and (M-F)- (M = Parent Molecule) were observed. Secondary product ions: C5F4- and C5F2- for C6F6 and C5F6N- and C4FN- for C5F5N were also observed at temperatures higher than 523 K. A cluster of the parent molecule and F- is produced for C6F6 and C5F5N. The intensity of parent negative ions increases, while that of fragment ions and secondary ions decreases with decreasing temperature. Such results show that electron detachment from the parent anions will occur. Geometry of parent negative ions and cluster anions of C6F6, C5F5N, C6F5CN, and C6F5CF3 were also calculated using the Hartree-Fock method. The structure and the distribution of the spin density are almost the same for all these molecules. This similarity means that the production of negative ions from them and the reaction mechani...
Late onset veno-occlusive disease following high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation

The original definition of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), which is still widely accepted, includes onset of the clinical syndrome before day +20 following high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and stem cell transplantation (SCT). We retrospectively identified four patients following HDC and SCT presenting with late onset VOD occurring at day +24, day +27, day +34 and day +42 post SCT. All patients had moderate VOD, with successful resolution of the VOD before day +100 with optimal supportive therapy. Common risk factors for VOD shared by all four patients included an older age (median age: 60 years), and use of a busulphan-containing regimen. Mean and maximum bilirubin levels for all patients during the VOD syndrome were 2.02, 1.76, 5.09, 2.87 mg/dl and 2.5, 2.2, 8.9 and 4.1 mg/dl, respectively, which correlated well with duration of VOD. All patients encountered platelet transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia during VOD. Ursodeoxycholic acid was used as VOD prophylaxis beginning at a mean of 33 days prior to onset of VOD. As the cellular target of hepatic VOD is as yet unidentified, it is uncertain whether ursodiol or other common characteristics of patients with late onset VOD influence the pathogenesis and natural history of this disease. We believe that the uncommon clinical entity of late onset VOD, a potentially fatal regimen-related toxicity, should not be ignored as a diagnosis of liver disease after 3 or more weeks following HDC and SCT.
An Algorithm for Optimal Tapered Matching, With Application to Disparities in Survival.

In a tapered matched comparison, one group of individuals, called the focal group, is compared to two or more nonoverlapping matched comparison groups constructed from one population in such a way that successive comparison groups increasingly resemble the focal group. An optimally tapered matching solves two problems simultaneously: it optimally divides the single comparison population into nonoverlapping comparison groups and optimally pairs members of the focal group with members of each comparison group. We show how to use the optimal assignment algorithm in a new way to solve the optimally tapered matching problem, with implementation in R. This issue often arises in studies of groups defined by race, gender, or other categorizations such that equitable public policy might require an understanding of the mechanisms that produce disparate outcomes, where certain specific mechanisms would be judged illegitimate, necessitating reform. In particular, we use data from Medicare and the SEER Program of the ...
Batch-Fabricated High-Power RF Microrelays With Direct On-PCB Packages

This paper describes a process for batch manufacturing, assembly, and packaging of metal alloy microrelays directly on printed circuit board (PCB) substrates for high-power radio frequency (RF) applications. Stainless steel cantilevers with Pt-Rh tips are mounted on Rogers 4003 PCB substrates to demonstrate the approach. A multilayer PCB design allows for the use of subsurface metal layers to transmit the RF signal into and out of the sealed encapsulation. The electrostatically actuated microrelays with 8.4- footprints have 78-V pull-in voltage and 1.1- on-state resistance. Packaged microrelays exhibit down-state insertion loss and up-state isolation better than 0.25 and 15 dB, respectively, for frequencies up to 5 GHz. Packaged devices remain functional up to 20-W RF power under hot switching conditions. The high power lifetime of the microrelays is 10 913 cycles for 1-W incident RF power in 1-s pulses and 8414 cycles for 10-W incident RF power in 0.1-s pulses. The impact of device encapsulation and multilayer PCB substrate on device performance is addressed.