cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The “Actors” of Modern Society: The Cultural Construction of Social Agency

Much social theory takes for granted the core conceit of modern culture, that modern actors—individuals, organizations, nation states—are autochthonous and natural entities, no longer really embedded in culture. Accordingly, while there is much abstract metatheory about “actors” and their “agency,” there is arguably little theory about the topic. This article offers direct arguments about how the modern (European, now global) cultural system constructs the modern actor as an authorized agent for various interests via an ongoing relocation into society of agency originally located in transcendental authority or in natural forces environing the social system. We see this authorized agentic capability as an essential feature of what modern theory and culture call an “actor,” and one that, when analyzed, helps greatly in explaining a number of otherwise anomalous or little analyzed features of modern individuals, organizations, and states. These features include their isomorphism and standardization, their in...
Abstract 4206: Identification of transcriptional regulatory motifs that control gene expression in premenopausal women with previous history of breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Background: Age is an important risk factor for Breast Cancer. Older women have a 50 times greater risk for breast cancer as compared to younger women (under the age of 30 years). Aging is associated with activation of specific transcription factor networks. We hypothesized that premature activation of these programs may predispose to cancer. The aims of this study were 1) to identify active transcription factor networks controlling the expression of specific cancer-related genes in the normal breast and 2) to analyze whether premature activation of this network is associated with neoplastic transformation. Methods: Fresh frozen normal breast tissue of women, under the age of 50 years, with and without history of breast cancer was obtained (ncancer=8, nnon cancer=4). Total RNA was extracted, cDNA annealed and Whole-genome DASL assay (Illumina Corp) was conducted to identify genes that correlated with cancer outcome in premenopausal women. Differential expression analysis was performed using Partek® software program to identify the up or down regulated genes in women with cancer compared to those without. Transcription factors affecting the regulation of genes in patients with cancer were predicted using MotifModeler program (Liu et al). The resulting data was confirmed using qPCR analysis. Results: Whole genome DASL analysis showed differential expression of 34 genes (p-value <0.01). MotifModeler analysis predicted 18 transcription factors as major regulators of gene expression in premenopausal women with previous history of breast cancer. JUNB and FOS were the most significantly altered in this comparison. qPCR pre-validated the over expression of JUNB and FOS in association with cancer development. Further validation studies in an independent cohort are ongoing using Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Conclusion: Gene expression analysis identified transcriptional features of cancer outcome. Differential expression of the JUNB and FOS family of proteins, which are part of AP-1 transcription factor complex, may be correlated with neoplastic transformation in premenopausal women. Breast Cancer Program of the IU Simon Cancer Center funded this project. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4206. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4206
Synthesis of High-Surface-Area SiC through a Modified Sol-Gel Route: Control of the Pore Structure

High-surface-area SiC has unique mechanical and thermal properties for use as a catalyst and sorbent support. A modified sol−gel route was chosen to synthesize SiC, where the precursor (phenyltrimethoxysilane) was hydrolyzed in the presence of a solvent (methanol) in order to enhance reaction rates and control the pore structure of the SiC formed on firing. High surface areas in the range of 450−620 m2/g and pore volumes in the range of 0.37−0.45 cm3/g were obtained. Use of NaOH instead of NH4OH in the final stage of gel formation resulted in a higher proportion of pores bigger than 50 A in the pore structure. Similar changes in pore structure were observed when a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) was added along with methanol to enhance the contact between the precursor and water.
Accurate Predictions of Process-Execution Time and Process Status Based on Support-Vector Regression for Enterprise Information Systems

Accurate predictions of both process-execution time and process status are crucial for the development of an intelligent enterprise information system (EIS). We have developed new automated learning-based process-execution time-prediction and process status-prediction methods that can be embedded into an EIS. Process-execution time prediction is a regression problem and state-of-the-art (baseline) time-prediction methods use a machine-learning regression model. Process status prediction is a binary classification problem in which a class labeled “completed” or “in-progress” is assigned to a process with respect to an arbitrary predictive horizon (i.e., the future time given by the method user). The methods proposed in this paper integrate statistical methods with support-vector regression. Comparison results obtained from the real data of a digital-print enterprise show that the proposed time-prediction method reduces both the relative mean error and the root-mean-squared error of the regression model. Furthermore, the proposed status-prediction method not only achieves higher classification accuracy than state-of-the-art methods, it also estimates the probability of the predicted status. In addition, algorithm development and training phases of the proposed methods do not rely on any arbitrary predictive horizon. Therefore, a single time-prediction model as proposed is sufficient for status prediction as opposed to a baseline status-prediction method that requires classification models for all potential predictive horizons.
Impact of FUTON and NAA bias on visibility of research.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether availability of journals on MEDLINE as FUTON (full text on the Net) affects their impact factor. MATERIAL AND METHODS A comprehensive search identified 324 cardiology, nephrology, and rheumatology/immunology journals on-line until May 2003. The status of these journals was ascertained in MEDLINE as having FUTON, abstracts only, and NAA (no abstract available). Impact factors for all available journals from the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) were abstracted. RESULTS Of the 324 journals, 124 (38.3%) were FUTON, 138 (42.6%) had abstracts only, and 62 (19.1%) had NAA. The mean (±SEM) impact factor was 3.24 (±0.32), 1.64 (±0.30), and 0.14 (±0.45), respectively. Of the 324 current journals, 159 existed in both the pre- and the post-Internet era. An analysis of the change (ie, δ) in impact factor from the pre- to post-Internet era revealed a trend between journals with FUTON and abstracts only ( P =.17, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Similar analyses of the δ of cardiology journals revealed a statistically significant difference between journals with FUTON and abstracts only ( P =.04, Wilcoxon rank sum test). CONCLUSION FUTON bias is the tendency to peruse what is more readily available. This is the first study to show that on-line availability of medical literature may increase the impact factor and that such increase tends to be greater in FUTON journals. Failure to consider this bias may affect a journal's impact factor. Also, it could limit consideration of medical literature by ignoring relevant NAA articles and thereby influence medical education akin to publication or language bias.
Femoral vein transposition for arteriovenous hemodialysis access: improved patient selection and intraoperative measures reduce postoperative ischemia.

Purpose Construction of prosthetic arteriovenous access for hemodialysis in the thigh results in a high incidence of graft failure and infection. Autogenous femoral artery-common femoral thigh transposition (transposed femoral vein [tFV]) arteriovenous accesses have superior patency, but our previous report documented a high incidence of ischemic events requiring secondary surgical intervention. Recent results of improved patient selection and intraoperative maneuvers to reduce ischemia are unknown. Methods During a 6-year period eight children (mean age, 13.3 years) and 46 adults (mean age, 52.3 years; 27 female, 19 male) underwent construction of 55 tFV thigh accesses for hemodialysis access. Adult patients were divided into groups I and II on the basis of the introduction of specific strategies to reduce the incidence of ischemic complications. In the cohort of children, steal prophylaxis included one banded femoral vein, three tapered femoral veins, two distal femoral artery pressure measurements taken before and after access construction (mean ratio, 0.70), and two closed anterior and superficial posterior compartment fasciotomies. Of the first 25 accesses in adults (group I, mean age, 55.9 years), 10 had access banding (six at the initial procedure and four in the immediate postoperative period to treat ischemia). Of the second 22 accesses (group II, mean age, 48.2 years), steal prophylaxis included 14 tapered femoral veins, 6 distal femoral artery pressure measurements (mean ratio, 0.76; range, 0.62 to 0.86), and 1 fasciotomy. Patients with significant distal occlusive disease were not offered a tFV access in the time frame of group II. Results Eight accesses in children had 100% primary functional patency at 2 years, with no reoperations for ischemia. Nine group I adult patients underwent remedial procedures to correct distal ischemia. No adult patient in group II required a remedial procedure to correct ischemia. Groups I and II 2-year secondary functional access patency was 87% and 94%, respectively. There were no access infections in either group. Femoral vein tapering significantly reduced the need for remedial correction of ischemia ( P = .03). Conclusions Improved patient selection and selective intraoperative femoral vein tapering eliminated remedial procedures to correct ischemia in patients undergoing tFV access. Patency rates were excellent despite the liberal use of vein tapering. Transposed FV access should be considered for good risk individuals undergoing their first lower extremity access.
A systematic review of juvenile-onset clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis.

Summary Background Dermatomyositis (DM) presenting during childhood or adolescence classically encompasses hallmark cutaneous changes, proximal muscle weakness, and laboratory evidence of myositis. When cutaneous manifestations of DM are present without muscle weakness for > 6 months, the term ‘clinically amyopathic DM’ applies (syn. DM sine myositis). Objectives To review the clinical and epidemiological features of published cases of juvenile-onset clinically amyopathic DM, with comparison with adult-onset clinically amyopathic DM and juvenile-onset classical DM. Methods Systematic review of the published literature. Results We identified 68 cases of juvenile-onset clinically amyopathic DM published during 1963–2006. The disease in 18 of 68 (26%) patients subsequently evolved to classical DM. Overall, the mean age at diagnosis was 10·8 years (range 2–17) with nearly equal male/female ratio and mean follow-up of 3·9 years. Among cases with diagnostic testing, 10 of 19 had a positive antinuclear antibody titre, two of nine had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and two of 51 had elevated creatine kinase (CK). Of patients with normal CK, three of 22 had abnormal electromyography, one of 19 had abnormal muscle biopsy, and one of nine had abnormal magnetic resonance imaging. Calcinosis was reported in three of 68. No cases of severe vasculopathy (resulting in ulceration), interstitial lung disease or internal malignancy were reported. Conclusions This review suggests a good prognosis for children with clinically amyopathic DM. A minority of patients with negative muscle enzymes had positive ancillary testing for myositis, and these patients rarely developed muscle weakness. Predictive factors for progression to classical DM were not identified. Symptomatic treatment of cutaneous involvement and close clinical monitoring may be an alternative to aggressive immunosuppression.
A cultured cell receptor for the small S protein of hepatitis B virus

Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) has not been passaged in established cell culture systems. To determine whether this inability results from the lack of a receptor, 30 cell lines were examined for their abilities to bind 125I-labeled recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen (rHBsAg) particles. These particles contained only the small surface (S) protein, which is also found in the envelope of infectious HBV particles. Only two cells lines, both derived from African green monkey kidney, were able to bind a large portion of the 125I-rHBsAg particles. Binding to one of these cell lines, Vero, was found to be specific by three criteria: it was competitively inhibited by nonradioactive particles, it was saturable, and it could be blocked by chimpanzee antiserum raised against the rHBsAg particles. Analysis of the binding data indicated a single major population of high affinity receptor sites: 2.7 X 10(5) sites/cell, Kd = 2.8 nM. Binding was not due to the covalently linked 125I tracer isotope because unlabeled particles also bound, as detected with a monoclonal antibody. Binding was not unique to this recombinant particle preparation since serum-derived particles also bound to Vero cells. These results indicate that the Vero cell line expresses a receptor for the small S protein of HBV and that the small S protein, alone, may function as the HBV attachment protein.
Comparative Toxicities of Several Insecticides to an Insect Predator, a Non pest Prey Species, and a Pest Prey Species

We determined that certain insecticides registered for use on alfalfa may be useful in reducing population levels of a pest, the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), while conserving a predator, Reduvialus americoferus (Carayon). This pattern of effectiveness may occur through relatively reduced toxicity to the predator and through reduced toxicity to a nonpest alternate prey in alfalfa grown for hay, the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois). Toxicities of methidathion, azinphosmethyl, carbofuran, methomyl, carbaryl, and malathion were determined for adults of the three insect species. LC50s for all six insecticides were higher for R. americoferus than for potato leafhoppers; in all but one case, LC50 for tarnished plant bugs were intermediate. Selectivity ratios for R. americoferus over potato leafhopper were highest for azinphosmethyl and lowest for methomyl.
Ebolavirus Nucleoprotein C-Termini Potently Attract Single Domain Antibodies Enabling Monoclonal Affinity Reagent Sandwich Assay (MARSA) Formulation

Background Antigen detection assays can play an important part in environmental surveillance and diagnostics for emerging threats. We are interested in accelerating assay formulation; targeting the agents themselves to bypass requirements for a priori genome information or surrogates. Previously, using in vitro affinity reagent selection on Marburg virus we rapidly established monoclonal affinity reagent sandwich assay (MARSA) where one recombinant antibody clone was both captor and tracer for polyvalent nucleoprotein (NP). Hypothesizing that the closely related Ebolavirus genus may share the same Achilles' heel, we redirected the scheme to see whether similar assays could be delivered and began to explore their mechanism. Methods and findings In parallel we selected panels of llama single domain antibodies (sdAb) from a semi-synthetic library against Zaire, Sudan, Ivory Coast, and Reston Ebola viruses. Each could perform as both captor and tracer in the same antigen sandwich capture assay thereby forming MARSAs. All sdAb were specific for NP and those tested required the C-terminal domain for recognition. Several clones were cross-reactive, indicating epitope conservation across the Ebolavirus genus. Analysis of two immune shark sdAb revealed they also targeted the C-terminal domain, and could be similarly employed, yet were less sensitive than a comparable llama sdAb despite stemming from immune selections. Conclusions The C-terminal domain of Ebolavirus NP is a strong attractant for antibodies and enables sensitive sandwich immunoassays to be rapidly generated using a single antibody clone. The polyvalent nature of nucleocapsid borne NP and display of the C-terminal region likely serves as a bountiful affinity sink during selections, and a highly avid target for subsequent immunoassay capture. Combined with the high degree of amino acid conservation through 37 years and across wide geographies, this domain makes an ideal handle for monoclonal affinity reagent driven antigen sandwich assays for the Ebolavirus genus.
Impact of Antenna Pattern on Measurement of the Third Stokes Parameter From Space at L-Band

The third Stokes parameter will be observed from space for the first time at L-band by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity and Aquarius/SAC-D satellites. The correlation between polarizations, which is the source of the third Stokes parameter, is of interest at L-band to measure Faraday rotation and also to indicate novel features of the surface. However, spurious signals (false indication of correlation) can occur in the third Stokes parameter. For example, this happens when the radiometer crosses boundaries associated with a large change in brightness temperature, such as land-water boundaries. In this paper, calculations with the Aquarius radiometer antennas will be used to show that these spurious signals are due to the cross-polarization coupling and large beamwidth associated with realistic L-band antennas in space.
Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy Fingerprint Analyses to Document Process and Progress of Oil Degradation

One of the challenges in testing the effectiveness of bioremediation products is the lack of a standardized testing protocol. One requirement of any such evaluation is baseline and benchmark analyses of the oil and its degradation processes. The method described uses high resolution gas chromatography maw spectroscopy (GC/MS). This method has been adapted from oil fingerprinting techniques used by our group for oil spill response to major spills such as T/V Exxon Valdez and T/V Megaborg. It results in a high degree of chemical and spectral resolution from a single analysis that allows quantification of saturated hydrocarbons, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), sulfur heterocycles and selected biomarkers such as hopanes and steranes. High resolution GC/MS and compound specific analyses are a viable and efficient method of analyzing the extent and progress of oil bioremediation and that it should be possible to standardize the method for monitoring the biodegradation of oil. Data are also presented that show increased useful information obtained from this method and suggest possible future uses for this expanded database. 14 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
The effects of hybrid ribosome-binding-site variants on the expression of human Interferon-β in Escherichia coli

Abstract Human β-interferon (IFN-β) has been expressed in Escherichia coli by using vectors that join the trp promoter and a hybrid ribosome-binding site (HRBS) to the mature IFN-β coding sequence. Introduction of an Nco I site at the ATG initiation codon of IFN-β by site-directed mutagenesis has facilitated the construction of a series of portable HRBSs, by utilizing oligodeoxynucleotide adapters. The spacing between the Shine-Dalgarno (S-D) sequence and the initiator ATG ranged from 7–13 bp. One spacer of 9 bp length was varied at a single position. IFN-β expression by these HRBS variants, as analyzed by antiviral activity and SDS-PAGE, shows both nucleotide sequence and spacer length effects. In vitro transcription-translation experiments indicate that some single base changes in the HRBS significantly decrease the rate of translation of the IFN-β mRNA.
Quantifying mixing in 3D binary particulate systems

Abstract To evaluate the quality of mixedness in particulate systems, either through experiments or with CFD simulations, proper quantification methods are necessary. Two analysis tools are presented here that allow for quantitative assessment of the mixedness of binary particulate systems when its internal structure is known, either through experimental tomographic techniques or through numerical simulations; they are a newly-defined Particle Segregation Number (PSN) and the Cube Analysis (CA). The study has been conducted using simulated material distributions in a 3D cylindrical vessel which approximates a collapsed fluidized bed. The particle distribution is denoted in terms of volume concentration per voxel (i.e., a 3D pixel). The results show that the PSN and CA measures are independent of particle size, material densities, and overall volume fraction, which is not true for other available segregation measures, and can therefore be used over a wide range of operating conditions to assess and compare particulate mixing. Furthermore, it was found that using these methods allows for capturing even small changes in the overall bed segregation condition.
Vibrations of cantilevered doubly-curved shallow shells

Vibrational characteristics are determined for a previously unsolved class of problems, that of doubly-curved shallow shells having rectangular planforms, clamped along one edge and free on the other three. The solution procedure uses the Ritz method with algebraic polynomial trial functions. Convergence studies are made, and accurate frequencies and contour plots of mode shapes are presented for various curvature ratios, including spherical, circular cylindrical and hyperbolic paraboloidal shells. Particular emphasis is given to the effect of adding spanwise curvature to shells having chordwise curvature; numerous published references already exist for the case of zero spanwise curvature. The effects of changing aspect ratio, thickness ratio and Poisson's ratio are also studied.
Impurity bands in Kondo insulators.

Kondo insulators like ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{3}$${\mathrm{Bi}}_{4}$${\mathrm{Pt}}_{3}$ and CeNiSn are compounds with small-band-gap semiconductor properties. Nonmagnetic impurities, so-called Kondo holes, break the translational invariance and hence the coherence of the ground state. Isolated impurities give rise to a bound state in the gap, which pins the Fermi level and has magnetic properties (Curie susceptibility and Schottky anomaly in the specific heat). A finite concentration of Kondo holes gives rise to an impurity band inside the gap of the f-electron density of states, whose height and width are proportional to \ensuremath{\surd}c for small concentrations. The specific heat is proportional to T at very low temperatures and the susceptibility is Pauli-like at low T. The correlations within the f band are introduced via a self-energy, evaluated to second-order perturbation in U. We use the (1/d)-expansion method of Schweitzer and Czycholl to leading order in which the k integrations are properly carried out, but the k dependence of the self-energy is neglected. The main effect of U is to narrow the gap, as well as the impurity band.
Negotiation-based protocols for disseminating information in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we present a family of adaptive protocols, called SPIN (Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation), that efficiently disseminate information among sensors in an energy-constrained wireless sensor network. Nodes running a SPIN communication protocol name their data using high-level data descriptors, called meta-data. They use meta-data negotiations to eliminate the transmission of redundant data throughout the network. In addition, SPIN nodes can base their communication decisions both upon application-specific knowledge of the data and upon knowledge of the resources that are available to them. This allows the sensors to efficiently distribute data given a limited energy supply. We simulate and analyze the performance of four specific SPIN protocols: SPIN-PP and SPIN-EC, which are optimized for a point-to-point network, and SPIN-BC and SPIN-RL, which are optimized for a broadcast network. Comparing the SPIN protocols to other possible approaches, we find that the SPIN protocols can deliver 60% more data for a given amount of energy than conventional approaches in a point-to-point network and 80% more data for a given amount of energy in a broadcast network. We also find that, in terms of dissemination rate and energy usage, the SPIN protocols perform close to the theoretical optimum in both point-to-point and broadcast networks.
Self-objectification, body self-consciousness during sexual activities, and sexual satisfaction in college women.

Abstract Few studies examine the mechanisms that link body image to sexual satisfaction in women. Using the tenets of objectification theory, this study investigated the relationships between body surveillance, body shame, body self-consciousness during sexual activities, and sexual satisfaction in an ethnically diverse sample of American female college students (N = 368), while controlling for relationship status and body mass index. Results based on self-report measures of these constructs suggested that body shame and body self-consciousness during sexual activity were negatively correlated with sexual satisfaction. Additionally, path analysis indicated that body surveillance predicted increased body self-consciousness during sexual activity, partially mediated by body shame. Body self-consciousness, in turn, predicted decreased sexual satisfaction. Overall, study findings highlight the negative consequences of body image concerns for women's sexual satisfaction.
OCCURRENCE OF THREE NITZSCHIA (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE) TAXA WITHIN COLONIES OF TUBE‐FORMING DIATOMS1

In benthic samples from the unchannelized Missouri River, the diatoms Nitzschia dissipata (Kutz.) Grun., N. filiformis (W. Sm.) Schutt and N. pseudofonticola Hust. were observed within the mucilage tubes of four tube-forming diatoms: Cymbella prostrata (Berk.) Cl., C. prostrata var. auerswaldii (Rabh.) Reim., Navicula tripunctata var. schizonemoides (V.H.) Patr., and Nitzschia filiformis. Microscopical observations of live and preserved specimens indicated that “invasion” by Nitzschia occurred primarily in older tubes. Data are presented on the environmental conditions in which the tube-formers and their cohabitants have been found.
Correlates of susceptibility to smoking among Mexican origin youth residing in Houston, Texas: A cross-sectional analysis

Survey data suggest that in Texas Latino youth exhibit higher rates of susceptibility to smoking than youth from other ethnic groups. In this analysis we examined the relationship between susceptibility to smoking and well-known risk factors associated with smoking initiation among a cohort of 11 to 13 year old Mexican origin youth residing in Houston, Texas. We analyzed cross-sectional survey data from 1,187 participants who reported they had never smoked, even a puff of a cigarette. The survey assessed peer and family social influence, school and neighborhood characteristics, level of family acculturation and socioeconomic status, and attitudes toward smoking. Bivariate associations, Student's t-tests, and logistic regression analysis were used to examine predictors of susceptibility. Overall, 22.1% of the never-smokers were susceptible to smoking. Boys were more likely to be susceptible than girls (25.6% vs. 18.9%), and susceptible children were slightly older than non-susceptible children (12.1 vs. 11.8 years). In addition, multivariate analyses revealed that positive expectations about smoking exerted the strongest influence on susceptibility status (odds ratio = 4.85). Multivariate analyses further revealed that compared to non-susceptible participants, susceptibles were more likely to report peer influences supportive of smoking, lower subjective social status and more detentions at school, more temptations to try smoking and to have a mother and a brother who smokes. Our findings suggest that interventions that target positive expectations about smoking may be useful in this population. Furthermore, because youth encounter smoking-initiation risk factors in different social environments, our results underscore the continued need for both family- and school-based primary prevention programs to adequately combat their influence. The results also can be used to inform the development of culturally sensitive programs for Mexican origin youth.
Iodine (I2) as a Janus-faced ligand in organometallics.

The four known diiodine complexes have distinct geometries. These turn out, as we demonstrate by a bonding analysis, to be a direct consequence of diiodine acting as an acceptor in one set, the van Koten complexes, and as a donor in the Cotton, Dikarev, and Petrukhina extended structure. The primary analytical tool utilized is perturbation theory within the natural bond orbital (NBO) framework, supported by an energy decomposition analysis. The study begins by delineating the difference between canonical molecular orbitals (MOs) and NBOs. When iodine acts as an acceptor, bonding collinearly in the axial position of a square-planar d8 Pt(II) complex, the dominant contributor to the bonding is a σ*(I–I) orbital as the acceptor orbital, while a mainly dz2 orbital centered on the metal center is the corresponding donor. That this kind of bonding is characteristic of axial bonding in d8 complexes was supported by model calculations with incoming donors and acceptors, NH3 and BH3. In contrast, the distinct “ben...
Evidence-Based Music Therapy Practice.: An Integral Understanding

The American Music Therapy Association has recently put into action a plan called its Research Strategic Priority, with one of its central purposes to advance the music therapy field through research promoting Evidence-Based Practice of music therapy. The extant literature on music therapy practice, theory, and research conveys a range of very different perspectives on what may count as the "evidence" upon which practice is based. There is therefore a need to conceptualize evidence-based music therapy practice in a multifaceted, yet coherent and balanced way. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate a framework based upon four distinct epistemological perspectives on evidence-based music therapy practice that together represent an integral understanding.
Encoding PCR Products with Batch-stamps and Barcodes

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become the mainstay of DNA sequence analysis. Yet there is always uncertainty concerning the source of the template DNA that gave rise to a particular PCR product. The risks of contamination, biased amplification, and product redundancy are especially high when limited amounts of template DNA are used. We have developed and applied molecular encoding principles to solve this source-uncertainty problem for DNA sequences generated by standard PCR. Batch-stamps specify the date and sample identity, and barcodes detect template redundancy. Our approach thus enables classification of each PCR-derived sequence as valid, contaminant, or redundant, and provides a measure of sequence diversity. We recommend that batch-stamps and barcodes be used when amplifying irreplaceable DNAs and cDNAs available for forensic, clinical, single cell, and ancient DNA analyses.
Aids In Children: Effects On Neurological Development And Implications For The Future

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), was originally thought to affect only the immune system. However, a review of the medical literature indicates that HIV may also directly infect the brain, especially in children. The most profound result of brain involvement in HIV infection for children is the marked delay of developmental milestones, particularly motor function, or the actual loss of milestones previously attained by the infant or child. The areas of the brain most affected by the virus are the basal ganglia and the thalamus, which show considerable calcification. Implications for the future are discussed in terms of dealing with chronic illness and possible educational needs should these brain-damaged children be healthy enough to eventually attend school. Those with interest in special education and child development are beginning to recognize the far-reaching effects HIV has on children. Now we must address the implications of those effects in an ever-increasing ...
Quantifying Natural Fault Geometry: Statistics of Splay Fault Angles

Abstract We propose a new approach to quantifying fault system geometry, using an objective fit of the fault geometry to a test function, specifically here a fault branch. Fitting a Y-shaped object using a cost function to dextral faults in California, we find a number of significant results arising from use of a a systematic, objective, quantitative approach. (1) The largest angle of the branch structure is generally very close to 180°, implying that the branch is a splay fault off the primary through-going fault. (2) The distribution of the smallest angle, the splay angle, has a peak near ±17°, symmetric about the primary fault. (3) These features appear independent of scale. These results are not yet explained by any theory, and they pose new questions and constraints for the physics of fault system formation and behavior.
Ultrasonic Studies in Normal and Superconducting Thallium.

The velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic waves have been determined in thallium for the case $\mathrm{ql}l1$. The data are used to verify Pippard's semiclassical theory of the attenuation of sound by normal electrons. The elastic constants are given at 4.2 and 297\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The value of the superconducting energy gap is determined for several directions of propagation and polarization of shear waves and found to be slightly anisotropic. A strain-amplitude dependence of the attenuation is found, which occurs after a minimum threshold is attained.
Integration of Multiple Nutrient Cues and Regulation of Lifespan by Ribosomal Transcription Factor Ifh1

Ribosome biogenesis requires an enormous commitment of energy and resources in growing cells. In budding yeast, the transcriptional coactivator Ifh1p is an essential regulator of ribosomal protein (RP) gene transcription. Here, we report that Ifh1p is dynamically acetylated and phosphorylated as a function of the growth state of cells. Ifh1p is acetylated at numerous sites in its N-terminal region by Gcn5p and deacetylated by NAD(+)-dependent deacetylases of the sirtuin family. Acetylation of Ifh1p is responsive to intracellular acetyl-CoA levels and serves to regulate the stability of Ifh1p. The phosphorylation of Ifh1p is mediated by protein kinase A and is dependent on TORC1 signaling. Thus, multiple nutrient-sensing mechanisms converge on Ifh1p. However, instead of modulating overall rates of RP gene transcription or cell growth, the nutrient-responsive phosphorylation of Ifh1p plays a more prominent role in the regulation of cellular replicative lifespan.
Successful Female Corporate Managers and Entrepreneurs Similarities and Differences

Research was conducted comparing personality, sex role, and demographic profiles with data from in-depth interviews of successful professional women in entrepreneurial and corporate work settings. Results demonstrate significant differences on measures of trust and level of control, with managers scoring as more trusting and requiring lower levels of control than entrepreneurs, who seek to define their own work environments and parameters. Although managers view corporate environments as safe and supportive, entrepreneurs consider them confining. The thrust of this exploratory study is unique in that it compares and contrasts characteristics of high-achieving women in these two distinct, yet complementary, nontraditional arenas.
Alterations in uterine sodium pump abundance may contribute to the onset of mouse labor

ONSET OF MOUSE LABOR CARLOS VANCE II, STEVEN HAMBLIN, MICHAEL ESPLIN, STEVEN GRAVES, Brigham Young University, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Provo, Utah, University of Utah, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Salt Lake City, Utah OBJECTIVE: Reductions in sodium pump (SP) abundance increase uterine contractile activity. We described a reduction in uterine SPa3 isoform in pregnant women in active labor, however those studies could not determine whether the change occurred before or resulted from labor. To determine whether the mouse might serve as a model for human pregnancy in terms of the SP and to determine whether changes in SP anticipate (and hence potentially increase uterine contractility) or follow labor, we studied pregnant mice over their final trimester. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant C57Bl6 mice were sacrificed (n = 4) at 14, 16 and 18 days gestation, during birth (wday 19) and 1 day post partum, uterus harvested and RNA isolated for rtPCR. cDNA was obtained by reverse transcriptase. Samples were amplified and quantified using an ABI 7900HT instrument using mouse SPa3 primers. Western Blot analysis using a SPa3 isoform specific monoclonal antibody was also done. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with post hoc Newman-Keuls’ pair-wise comparisons. RESULTS: SPa3 isoform mRNA was most abundant on day 14 (9.4 G 0.3 ! 10-7 units), was lower day 16 (8.0 G 1.1 ! 10-7 units) and significantly lower day 18 (4.5 G 0.6 ! 10-7 units) and at birth (wday 19, 3.7 G 0.1 ! 10-7 units). SPa3 rose significantly post delivery (7.5 G 1.7 ! 10-7 units). The overall trend was significant (P = .004). Western blot analysis demonstrated a similar but delayed pattern. CONCLUSION: Mouse uterine SPa3 isoform protein expression fell prior to labor and appeared to be mediated by reductions in mRNA. These reductions parallel changes observed in term pregnant women. Such reductions increase uterine contractile activity and may be a fundamental mechanism in mouse and human labor. SMFM Abstracts S187
Photonic Implementation of Quantum Relay and Encoders/Decoders for Sparse-Graph Quantum Codes Based on Optical Hybrid

We show that any family of deterministic universal quantum gates can be implemented in integrated optics. We further show how to implement Pauli gates, needed in quantum-error correction, using the same technology. Two basic circuits required in quantum teleportation systems are Bell states and quantum relay. We describe how to implement them in integrated optics. Finally, we study the implementation of sparse-graph (SG) quantum codes in integrated optics. We demonstrate that entanglement assisted SG codes significantly outperform corresponding dual-containing quantum codes.
Automatic custom layout of analog ICs using constraint-based module generation

A systematic method for automatic custom layout of analog integrated circuits is presented. This method uses analog circuit recognition and critical net analysis techniques to derive proper layout constraints for analog circuit performance optimization. Constraint-driven analog floorplanning and routing techniques are developed to generate custom layouts which incorporate the layout constraints. This method can be applied to handle a wide variety of analog circuit modules as well as analog subsystems. Experimental results on CMOS operational amplifiers and a comparator are presented. >
Potassium Channel Current and Coronary Vasodilatation by Volatile Anesthetics

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the results of the studies investigating the effects of volatile anesthetics on the K+ current. The chapter also characterizes the K+ current by using different agents that are known to activate or block certain types of K+ channels. Isoflurane and halothane are both potent coronary vasodilators and among them halothane is a more effective suppressor of voltage-dependent Ca2+ entry. The predominant physiological mechanism for vasodilation in arterial muscle has been demonstrated to be enhanced K+ efflux, caused by an increased number of open K+ channels. Tetraethylammonium (TEA) and charybdotoxin effectively block Ca2+-dependent K+ channels in vascular smooth muscle. The vessel-ring data show that blockade of K+ current by TEA increases tension of isolated canine coronary arteries; moreover, this increase has been significantly augmented when coronary arteries are preconstricted with KCl. It is found that both isoflurane and halothane are direct dilators of coronary arteries. However, Halothane is more effective than isoflurane in producing vessel relaxation. In addition, dramatic augmentation of dilator responses to volatile anesthetics followed a blockade of K+ current by TEA. Despite the fact that volatile anesthetics decrease the amplitude of both Ca2+ and K+ currents in coronary and cerebral smooth muscle cells, the Ca2+ current has been considerably more sensitive to anesthetic blockade than the K+ current. To determine the mechanism of anesthetic-induced whole-cell K+ current depression, the single-channel, patch clamp method has been used. This method provides more detail information about the mechanism by which volatile anesthetics alter channel activity at more physiological voltages.
Capture of Polarized Neutrons by Polarized Sm 149 Nuclei

The ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{149}$ nuclei in the paramagnetic salt, samarium ethyl sulfate, were polarized by use of the hyperfine structure coupling, which was known to be large from paramagnetic resonance measurements. The Sm salt was placed in a field of 11 000 gauss after being cooled by thermal contact with a sample of iron ammonium alum which was demagnetized to zero field from 15 500 gauss and 1.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The nuclear polarization was observed and measured by observations on the state of polarization of the neutrons transmitted by the Sm sample. A single crystal of magnetized magnetite, set to reflect neutrons of 0.07 ev in first order from the 220 planes was used as the analyzer. A nuclear polarization of about 0.12 was deduced from the data. The observed polarization direction of the transmitted neutrons gives $J=I+\frac{1}{2}$ for the 0.094-ev resonance level in ${\mathrm{Sm}}^{149}$. A temperature of about 0.13\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K for the Sm-containing salt was deduced from the observed neutron polarization.
Is It Time for a Behavioral Health Corps ? Ending the Generational Cycle of Preventable Wartime Mental Health Crises—Part 2

This paper calls for the creation of a unified, integrated Behavioral Health Corps (BHC). Building on previous publications and government reports, the paper reports on the cycle of bad decisions, indecision, and confusion in learning the lessons of previous war-related behavioral health service shortfalls. It is recommended that a special corps of behavioral health specialists be formed within the military that would apply the lessons learned and focus on constructive solutions to end the generational cycle of preventable wartime behavioral health crises. The paper builds on the findings and conclusions of part I of this series of papers. It is noted that this corps would ensure parity with existing corps (i.e., medical corps, and of dentistry, nursing, chaplaincy, judge advocacy, supply, civil engineering, and veterinary). It is noted that the new corps would be charged to implement five critical corrective actions: (1) implement investigative findings into the preventable causes of the current crisis, (2) establish dedicated psychiatric lessons learned policy and programs, (3) create a centralized data collection and reporting system, (4) re-institute President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s mandate for reconditioning and social reintegration services prior to military discharge, and (5) adopt a holistic paradigm of health and illness, with a “zero tolerance” policy of mental health stigma, and disparity that ends “trauma-pension” debates. The overarching goal of such transformative changes as a BHC is to assure that the USA never again goes to war grossly unprepared to manage psychological injuries and to serve as a working model for overhauling the private sector.
[43] Comparative method in study of protein structure and function: Enzyme specificity as an example

Publisher Summary This chapter explains how explicit evolutionary models are constructed and used in comparative studies of protein structure and function, illustrating the example of the evolution of substrate specificity in the pancreatic carboxypeptidase family. Before the evolution of protein function can be studied, functional differences first must be demonstrated between members of the family. At present, the best comparative biochemical data exist for classically studied protein families, such as the globin family and several families of digestive enzymes. By using amino acid parsimony methods, specific amino acid replacements often can be assigned along given lineages and correlated with changes in protein function. Computer programs that are useful for these purposes are discussed. A good amino acid parsimony program, PROTPARS, is now widely available in both Joseph Felsenstein's PHYLIP package and David Swofford's Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (PAUP).
Survey on unclaimed prescriptions in a community pharmacy.

Abstract Objective: To quantify the number of unclaimed prescriptions, document the reasons patients did not claim prescriptions, investigate the effect of telephone contact on the pickup rate, and document the types of medications .involved and the frequency of this type of non-compliance. Design: A total of 549 unclaimed prescriptions were evaluated during a nine-month study. Pharmacy students contacted patients whose prescription orders had been dispensed but not claimed. Patients contacted by telephone were asked why they had not claimed their prescriptions. The types of medications involved were documented, and a follow-up check was made of the patient's profile on the pharmacy computer system to determine whether the telephone contact affected the pickup rate. Results: Reasons given for not claiming the prescriptions included: transfer to another pharmacy, prescription was forgotten, the patient no longer wanted or needed the prescriptioll because they had medication left over, or patient decided they did not need the medication. Telephone contact had minimal impact on the compliance rate of this patient group. The most common unclaimed medication categories were anti-infectives, cough and cold/allergy medications, and birth control/hormones. Conclusions: Patients cited many reasons for not picking up their medication. Follow-up telephone calls did not increase the number of prescriptions picked up by patients in this study.