cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Model of Pre-game Communication

A model is presented where players communicate prior to the play of a two-player, complete-information game. Each of two common hypotheses is examined: That communication yields Nash-equilibrium outcomes, and that, within the equilibrium framework, communication yields Pareto-efficient equilibria. The strong version of each of these hypotheses is rejected but weaker results are established. The main result is that, if we assume equilibrium and that players communicate for a long time, then in every equilibrium of every game, each player will get a payoff at least as great as that of his worst Pareto-efficient Nash equilibrium. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72, C78, C92.
COMPLICATIONS AFTER REVISION OF DUAL MODULAR FEMORAL STEMS

Introduction Dual modular femoral stems for total hip arthroplasty were initially introduced to optimize joint biomechanics. These implants have been recalled due to fretting and crevice corrosion at the stem-neck interface, ultimately necessitating revision in a significant number of patients. At our institution we had experience with the Rejuvenate (Stryker, Mahwah, NJ) dual modular stem from 2009 until 2011 before it9s recall in 2012. This study identifies complications encountered in patients requiring revision of this prosthesis. Methods We retrospectively identified all patients who had one particular dual modular stem using our registry database. All patients’ charts and imaging was reviewed using our electronic medical records and digital imaging programs. Patients’ age, gender, revision date, intraoperative and postoperative complications, need for subsequent surgery were identified. Results 118 femoral stems were implanted in 107 patients (61 male & 46 female) with average follow up of over 3 years. 40 stems (34%) were revised in 36 patients with an average time to revision of 2.7 years. Women had a revision rate of 42% versus 28% in men for an odds ratio of 1.5. Complications were also increased overall with a predilection for women. 7 (15%) of revisions required an extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO), and 5 (12.5%) had greater trochanter (GT) fractures. The most common complication postoperatively was dislocation in 25% of patients, 7 of which required reoperation. One patient had an infection after revision requiring 2-stage revision. Discussion and Conclusion Dual modular femoral stems are associated with a high early failure rate due to fretting and crevice corrosion. Women in particular are at higher risk for need for revision and have a higher complication rate during and after revision. A significant number of our patients required an ETO or had a GT fracture intraoperatively. Additionally, adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR) are shown to affect the abductor muscles and joint capsule. These two factors likely contribute to the high dislocation rate after revision. Preoperatively counsel patients on the higher complication rate and revision should be carried out carefully to prevent fracture and maximize stability of the hip.
Dearomatizing spirocyclization reactions of alkynyl cyanamides

Electrophile-induced dearomatizing spirocyclization reactions of propargylic cyanamides leading to cyclohexadienone derivatives are described. An unusual one-pot spirocyclization-N-cyanation reaction has been discovered leading directly to the spiro fused derivative. The products obtained through this chemistry may serve as key intermediates in synthetic approaches to several Leucetta alkaloids.
Utilization of multiple scattering: the next big step forward in seismic imaging

Surface removal and internal multiple removal are explained by recursively separating the primary and multiple responses at each depth level with the aid of wavefield prediction error filtering. This causal removal process is referred to as “data linearization.” The linearized output (primaries only) is suitable for linear migration algorithms. Next, a summary is given on the migration of full wavefields (primaries multiples) by using the concept of secondary sources in each subsurface gridpoint. These secondary sources are two-way and contain the gridpoint reflection and the gridpoint transmission properties. In full wavefield migration, a local inversion process replaces the traditional linear imaging conditions. Finally, Marchenko redatuming is explained by iteratively separating the full wavefield response from above a new datum and the full wavefield response from below a new datum. The redatuming output is available for linear migration (Marchenko imaging) or, even better, for full wavefield migration. Linear migration, full wavefield migration, and Marchenko imaging are compared with each other. The principal conclusion of this essay is that multiples should not be removed, but they should be utilized, yielding two major advantages: (i) illumination is enhanced, particularly in the situation of low signal-to-noise primaries; and (ii) both the upper side and the lower side of reflectors are imaged. It is also concluded that multiple scattering algorithms are more transparent if they are formulated in a recursive depth manner. In addition to transparency, a recursive depth algorithm has the flexibility to enrich the imaging process by inserting prior geological knowledge or by removing numerical artefacts at each depth level. Finally, it is concluded that nonlinear migration algorithms must have a closed-loop architecture to allow successful imaging of incomplete seismic data volumes (reality of field data).
Evaluating State-of-the-Art Treebank-style Parsers for Coh-Metrix and Other Learning Technology Environments

This paper evaluates four of the most commonly used, freely available, state-of-the-art parsers on a standard benchmark as well as with respect to a set of data relevant for measuring text cohesion, as one example of a learning technology application that requires fast and accurate syntactic parsing. We outline advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies and make recommendations. Our performance report uses traditional measures based on a gold standard as well as novel dimensions for parsing evaluation. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to evaluate parsers across genres and grade levels for the implementation in learning technology using both gold standard and directed evaluation methods.
An Effectiveness–Number of Transfer Units Relationship for Evaporators With Non-negligible Boiling Point Elevation Increases

King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (Center for Clean Water and Clean Energy at MIT and KFUPM, project number R13-CW-10)
Women, lipoproteins, and cardiovascular disease risk.

Women, like men, are susceptible to coronary atherosclerosis. Like men, more women die of heart disease than all forms of cancer combined. Coronary atherosclerosis is the result of the interplay of a number of factors, the most important of which are abnormal levels of circulating lipoproteins. As more has become known about the mechanisms by which abnormal levels of circulating lipoproteins promote atherosclerosis, certain risk factors have emerged as concerns for women, including: (1) diabetes mellitus as a risk factor, perhaps through its more profound effects on circulating lipoproteins; (2) serum triglyceride levels, and (3) changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The widespread use of exogenous hormones in women as both oral contraceptives and postmenopausal hormone replacement may also play a role in developing atherosclerosis. In general, estrogen affects circulating lipoprotein levels favorably, whereas progestins have the opposite effect. The effects of estrogen/progestin combinations in either oral contraceptives or postmenopausal hormone replacement will depend on the relative dose and potency of each of these constituents. Epidemiologic studies indicate that the use of oral contraceptives has no profound effect on the long-term risk of heart disease, whereas unopposed estrogen (without progestin) in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy may lower that risk considerably. Recent U.S. and European guidelines for the detection, evaluation, and treatment of hypercholesterolemia in adults make it imperative that obstetrician-gynecologists, in their dual role as primary-care physicians and prescribers of exogenous hormones, be aware of and informed about the relationship between circulating lipids and lipoproteins and coronary heart disease in women.
Platelet count control in immune thrombocytopenic purpura patient: Optimum romiplostim dose profile

Abstract Patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), a disease featuring abnormally low platelet count, are susceptible to excessive bleeding. One of the more effective treatment regimens is to increase platelet production with romiplostim. However, current romiplostim treatment strategies tend to produce undesirable responses where platelet count oscillates between dangerously low and extremely high values, as a consequence of the complex nonlinear dynamics associated with platelet production. This study aims to determine the optimum romiplostim dose profile required to maintain a stable platelet count for a specific ITP patient. Using the specific patient’s platelet count data obtained in response to a series of romiplostim doses, a pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics model was developed, validated, and analyzed to obtain insight into the patient’s physiological characteristics. The model was subsequently used to investigate the performance of three control strategies for weekly and bi-weekly treatment regimens. A stable platelet count is more likely to be achieved in the specific patient with weekly treatments. Bi-weekly treatments are less effective because fundamental characteristics of romiplostim make oscillations in platelet count unavoidable at this treatment frequency. Model-based decisions determined using patient-specific mathematical models are potentially useful for designing better treatment regimens for ITP patients. The strategies developed in this work provide potential solutions to the highly variable responses observed among ITP patients undergoing romiplostim treatment. The approach can also be applied to other diseases with complex system dynamics.
The network architecture of value learning

Value guides behavior. With knowledge of stimulus values and action consequences, behaviors that maximize expected reward can be selected. Prior work has identified several brain structures critica...
Child Labor and Household Land Holding: Theory and Empirical Evidence from Zimbabwe

Summary The relationship between rural household productive assets and child labor in developing countries is complex. Some empirical evidence shows that child labor tends to increase as land holding increases, or there is an inverted U-shaped curve relationship between the probability of putting children to work and land holding. This paper shows that the relationship between use of children as laborers and land holding is nuanced. Child labor generally decreases as per capita land holding increases, but there can be an upward bump in the relationship between child labor and landholding near the middle of the range of land per capita. The bump can be explained theoretically by the relationship between the marginal productivity of a child worker on the farm and the marginal value placed on his/her education at different levels of wealth. This pattern is repeated in three surveys conducted in Zimbabwe, in 2001, 2007–8, and 2010–11. From the perspective of policy making, the policy maker should be alerted that the programs to promote school retention should not necessarily focus only on the poorest households in rural areas. There is a high probability that middle-wealth households put their children to work, and this probability may change by some other factors such as gender of child and agro-ecological conditions.
Development, integration, and test architecture for a software-based hardware-agnostic fault tolerant flight computer

In this article, we describe the development, integration and test architecture of a Fault Tolerant Flight Computer System (FTCS) designed by the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory (CSDL) for a manned spacecraft and elaborate on how this architecture might be improved upon and used generically among similar fault-tolerant systems. As the sophistication and complexity of software-defined fault tolerance systems continue to grow, leveraging commercial hardware and flexible architectures to support and verify the performance of fault-tolerant systems becomes critical. It is hoped that the methods described in this article provide a foundation for future programs to save on costs and resources, as well as develop and validate future systems with the highest possible level of functionality and reliability.
Measurement of capsule heat transfer gaps using neutron radiography

The use of neutron radiographs to determine dimensional changes of heat transfer gaps in cylindrical nuclear fueled capsules is described. A high resolution neutron radiograph of the nuclear fueled capsule was obtained utilizing a beam of thermal neutrons from the NASA, 60 MW Plum Brook Reactor Facility. The neutron radiograph was scanned by a recording microdensitometer whose output was plotted on graph paper. The graphical representation of the light transmittance of the radiograph negative presented the heat transfer gap as a well-defined optical density change, with a maximum at the inner wall of the containment can and a minimum at the outer wall of the clad fuel pin. A value was obtained for each increment on the graph paper by calibrating the microdensitometer ratio arms using precision scales. Linear measuremerts between the maximum and minimum density were made from the traces using a 7X optical comparator with a scale divided in 0.0127 cm increments. Measurements using this technique agreed with physical measurements of the total heat transfer gap within plus or minus 0.005 cm over a range of gaps from 0.061 to 0.178 cm. This investigation was limited to less than 10% U-235 enriched uranium nitride fuel pellets in amore » hafnium--tungsten--tantalum alloy clad and sealed in a stainless steel can. Instrumentation, such as stainless steel sheathed thermocouples, was found to interfere with the measurements described if they were routed through the heat transfer gap area as seen on the neutron radiograph. (auth)« less
Standardized Treatment of Neonatal Status Epilepticus Improves Outcome

We aimed to decrease practice variation in treatment of neonatal status epilepticus by implementing a standardized protocol. Our primary goal was to achieve 80% adherence to the algorithm within 12 months. Secondary outcome measures included serum phenobarbital concentrations, number of patients progressing from seizures to status epilepticus, and length of hospital stay. Data collection occurred for 6 months prior and 12 months following protocol implementation. Adherence of 80% within 12 months was partially achieved in patients diagnosed in our hospital; in pretreated patients, adherence was not achieved. Maximum phenobarbital concentrations were decreased (56.8 vs 41.0 µg/mL), fewer patients progressed from seizures to status epilepticus (46% vs 36%), and hospital length of stay decreased by 9.7 days in survivors. In conclusion, standardized, protocol-driven treatment of neonatal status epilepticus improves consistency and short-term outcome.
Scalar excursions in large-eddy simulations

The range of values of scalar fields in turbulent flows is bounded by their boundary values, for passive scalars, and by a combination of boundary values, reaction rates, phase changes, etc., for active scalars. The current investigation focuses on the local conservation of passive scalar concentration fields and the ability of the large-eddy simulation (LES) method to observe the boundedness of passive scalar concentrations. In practice, as a result of numerical artifacts, this fundamental constraint is often violated with scalars exhibiting unphysical excursions. The present study characterizes passive-scalar excursions in LES of a shear flow and examines methods for diagnosis and assesment of the problem. The analysis of scalar-excursion statistics provides support of the main hypothesis of the current study that unphysical scalar excursions in LES result from dispersive errors of the convection-term discretization where the subgrid-scale model (SGS) provides insufficient dissipation to produce a sufficiently smooth scalar field. In the LES runs three parameters are varied: the discretization of the convection terms, the SGS model, and grid resolution. Unphysical scalar excursions decrease as the order of accuracy of non-dissipative schemes is increased, but the improvement rate decreases with increasing order of accuracy. Two SGS models are examined, the stretched-vortex and a constant-coefficient Smagorinsky. Scalar excursions strongly depend on the SGS model. The excursions are significantly reduced when the characteristic SGS scale is set to double the grid spacing in runs with the stretched-vortex model. The maximum excursion and volume fraction of excursions outside boundary values show opposite trends with respect to resolution. The maximum unphysical excursions increase as resolution increases, whereas the volume fraction decreases. The reason for the increase in the maximum excursion is statistical and traceable to the number of grid points (sample size) which increases with resolution. In contrast, the volume fraction of unphysical excursions decreases with resolution because the SGS models explored perform better at higher grid resolution.
Current density scaling expressions for a bipolar space-charge-limited cylindrical diode

Exact analytical solutions for the currents in a bipolar space-charge-limited (SCL) diode in cylindrical geometry do not exist. Expressions for the electron and ion current densities as functions of the diode cathode and anode radii and the applied voltage are developed and fit to numerical solutions [1]. The results are provided for nonrelativistic and relativistic electrons. These provide scaling relations for the diode, which were not previously available. They also converge to known planar diode expressions in the appropriate limit. The relativistic scaling relations are then combined with nonrelativistic results using a fit function technique to provide a general expression for the current densities valid for all values of the diode voltage. The results are presented for both negative and positive polarities. For completeness, single-species SCL flow results in cylindrical geometry are also developed using the same techniques presented here for bipolar SCL flow and are also included.
Approximate Analysis of Blocking Probability in a Two-Rate Partially-Shared Elastic Optical Link

This paper extends an existing Markov Chain model proposed to quantify the blocking probability of two circuit types while fully sharing the fiber spectrum. The model extension accounts for partial sharing of the fiber spectrum
Visualizing Road Appearance Properties in Driving Video

With the increasing videos taken from driving recorders on thousands of cars, it is a challenging task to retrieve these videos and search for important information. The goal of this work is to mine certain critical road properties in a large scale driving video data set for traffic accident analysis, sensing algorithm development, and testing benchmark. Our aim is to condense video data to compact road profiles, which contain visual features of the road environment. By visualizing road edge and lane marks in the feature space with the reduced dimension, we will further explore the road edge models influenced by road and off-road materials, weather, lighting condition, etc.
THE TOURNIQUETLESS TKA: LET IT BLEED – AFFIRMS

While a tourniquet is traditionally used to obtain a dry field during primary TKA (and is also thought to reduce peri-operative blood loss), adverse effects of tourniquet use have been reported. Avoiding routine use of the tourniquet during TKA can minimise certain complications while improving the quality of the early result. Most studies of TKA with and without tourniquet show little difference in all forms of blood loss except for intra-operative. Some studies even show less overall blood loss in groups without tourniquet use. Modern techniques to minimise intra-operative loss have included topical treatments, systemic medications, as well as a bipolar tissue sealer. Visualisation of bleeding vessels and their management intra-operatively can substantially reduce early post-op hemarthrosis. Tourniquet use has also been related to post-operative thigh pain. This is a negative aspect of tourniquet use that can interfere with physical therapy and rehabilitation. Occasionally it can be a significant factor in post-op recovery. Data supports the fact that avoiding a tourniquet or at least reducing pressure to the minimum necessary may help to reduce post-operative thigh pain. Ischemia and tissue damage can affect neuromuscular function and rehabilitation following TKA. The time necessary to achieve straight leg raising and knee flexion is delayed by tourniquet use during TKA. Compressive nerve injury also may result in secondary effects of denervation on distal tissues. This denervation can delay recovery of blood flow and increase vessel spasm, hemorrhage and edema. The degree of dysfunction is related to the magnitude of tourniquet compression. Tension in the lateral retinaculum is directly affected by tourniquet use. Observations from these studies would indicate that lateral release should be performed only if found necessary after tourniquet deflation in order to minimise the potential morbidity that accompanies this procedure. Although thrombo-embolic events can occur during TKA without, tourniquet use is associated with more frequent events when it is used. Finally, it is prudent to avoid the use of a tourniquet in patients with vascular calcifications around the knee or abdomen due to advanced arteriosclerosis, previous bypass grafts, or reduced limb or tissue blood supply for any reason. Routine TKA with minimal tourniquet use greatly simplifies its performance in those settings where it is contra-indicated.
Making parents pay: The unintended consequences of charging parents for foster care

Abstract Most families in the child protective services system also interact with the child support enforcement system. This study exploits a natural experiment in Wisconsin, created by the state's large regional variation in child support referral policy, to estimate a potentially important effect of child support enforcement on the duration of out-of-home foster care placement. The effect we examine is whether requiring parents to pay support to offset the costs of foster care delays children's reunification with a parent or other permanent placement. We find evidence of this unintended effect, which is important not only because longer foster care spells are expensive for taxpayers, but also because extended placements in foster care may have consequences for child well-being. Our results highlight the potential importance of cross-systems analysis and the potential consequences when the policies and fundamental objectives of public systems are inconsistently coordinated. We discuss the implications of our findings for child support and child protective services policy.
Distributed degree splitting, edge coloring, and orientations

We study a family of closely-related distributed graph problems, which we call degree splitting, where roughly speaking the objective is to partition (or orient) the edges such that each node's degree is split almost uniformly. Our findings lead to answers for a number of problems, a sampling of which includes:• We present a poly log n round deterministic algorithm for (2Δ−1)·(1+o(1))-edge-coloring, where Δ denotes the maximum degree. Modulo the 1 + o(1) factor, this settles one of the long-standing open problems of the area from the 1990's (see e.g. Panconesi and Srinivasan [PODC'92]). Indeed, a weaker requirement of (2Δ − 1) · poly log Δ-edge-coloring in poly log n rounds was asked for in the 4th open question in the Distributed Graph Coloring book by Barenboim and Elkin.• We show that sinkless orientation---i.e., orienting edges such that each node has at least one out-going edge---on Δ-regular graphs can be solved in O(logΔ log n) rounds randomized and in O(logΔn) rounds deterministically. These prove the corresponding lower bounds by Brandt et al. [STOC'16] and Chang, Kopelowitz, and Pettie [FOCS'16] to be tight. Moreover, these show that sinkless orientation exhibits an exponential separation between its randomized and deterministic complexities, akin to the results of Chang et al. for Δ-coloring Δ-regular trees.• We present a randomized O(log4n) round algorithm for orienting a-arboricity graphs with maximum out-degree a(1 + e). This can be also turned into a decomposition into a(1 + e) forests when a = Ω(log n) and into a(1 + e) pseduo-forests when a = o(log n). Obtaining an efficient distributed decomposition into less than 2a forests was stated as the 10th open problem in the book by Barenboim and Elkin.
Enzyme-mediated stiffening hydrogels for probing activation of pancreatic stellate cells

Abstract The complex network of biochemical and biophysical cues in the pancreatic desmoplasia not only presents challenges to the fundamental understanding of tumor progression, but also hinders the development of therapeutic strategies against pancreatic cancer. Residing in the desmoplasia, pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the major stromal cells affecting the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells by means of paracrine effects and extracellular matrix protein deposition. PSCs remain in a quiescent/dormant state until they are ‘activated’ by various environmental cues. While the mechanisms of PSC activation are increasingly being described in literature, the influence of matrix stiffness on PSC activation is largely unexplored. To test the hypothesis that matrix stiffness affects myofibroblastic activation of PSCs, we have prepared cell-laden hydrogels capable of being dynamically stiffened through an enzymatic reaction. The stiffening of the microenvironment was created by using a peptide linker with additional tyrosine residues, which were susceptible to tyrosinase-mediated crosslinking. Tyrosinase catalyzes the oxidation of tyrosine into dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), DOPA quinone, and finally into DOPA dimer. The formation of DOPA dimer led to additional crosslinks and thus stiffening the cell-laden hydrogel. In addition to systematically studying the various parameters relevant to the enzymatic reaction and hydrogel stiffening, we also designed experiments to probe the influence of dynamic matrix stiffening on cell fate. Protease-sensitive peptides were used to crosslink hydrogels, whereas integrin-binding ligands (e.g., RGD motif) were immobilized in the network to afford cell-matrix interaction. PSC-laden hydrogels were placed in media containing tyrosinase for 6 h to achieve in situ gel stiffening. We found that PSCs encapsulated and cultured in a stiffened matrix expressed higher levels of αSMA and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), suggestive of a myofibroblastic phenotype. This hydrogel platform offers a facile means of in situ stiffening of cell-laden matrices and should be valuable for probing cell fate process dictated by dynamic matrix stiffness. Statement of Significance Hydrogels with spatial-temporal controls over crosslinking kinetics (i.e., dynamic hydrogel) are increasingly being developed for studying mechanobiology in 3D. The general principle of designing dynamic hydrogel is to perform cell encapsulation within a hydrogel network that allows for postgelation modification in gel crosslinking density. The enzyme-mediated in situ gel stiffening is innovative because of the specificity and efficiency of enzymatic reaction. Although tyrosinase has been used for hydrogel crosslinking and in situ cell encapsulation, to the best of our knowledge tyrosinase-mediated DOPA formation has not been explored for in situ stiffening of cell-laden hydrogels. Furthermore, the current work provides a gradual matrix stiffening strategy that may more closely mimic the process of tumor development.
American and European options in multi-factor jump-diffusion models, near expiry

We derive a general formula for the time decay θ for out-of-the-money European options on stocks and bonds at expiry, in terms of the density of jumps F(x,dy) and the payoff g +: −θ(x)=∫ g(x+y)+ F(x,dy). Explicit formulas are derived for the standard put and call options, exchange options in stochastic volatility and local volatility models, and options on bonds in ATSMs. Using these formulas, we show that in the presence of jumps, the limit of the no-exercise region for the American option with the payoff (−g)+ as time to expiry τ tends to 0 may be larger than in the pure Gaussian case. In particular, for many families of non-Gaussian processes used in empirical studies of financial markets, the early exercise boundary for the American put without dividends is separated from the strike price by a nonvanishing margin on the interval [0,T), where T is the maturity date.
THE MORBIDLY OBESE PATIENT: TRUTHS AND CONSEQUENCES

In the USA, 34.9% of adults are currently obese (BMI > 30). Growth in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is outpacing growth in total hip arthroplasty (THA) largely due to a differential utilization of TKA in overweight patients in the USA. In a recent study, 54.5% of patients reporting to arthroplasty clinics in the USA were obese. From 2006–2010, 61.2% of primary unilateral TKA patients in the USA ACS-NSQIP database were obese. Arthroplasty surgeons are directly affected by the obesity epidemic and need to understand how to safely offer a range of peri-operative care for these patients in order to insure good clinical outcomes. Pre-operative care for the obese patient involves nutritional counseling, weight loss methods, consideration for bariatric surgery, physical therapy, metabolic workup, and diagnosis and management of frequent comorbid conditions (OSA, DM2, HTN, HLD). Obese patients must also be counseled on their increased risk of complications following TKA. In the operating room, several steps can be taken to insure success when performing TKA on obese patients. We recommend performing TKA without the use of a tourniquet in order to prevent fat necrosis and increased pain. The incision is made in 90 degrees of knee flexion, atypically midline proximally and curved distally to the midpoint between the tubercle and the medial edge of the tibia. Care is used to minimise the creation of dead space, and the approach to the knee is an extensile medial parapatellar incision. Closure is in multiple layers. The use of negative pressure dressing following surgery can minimise the early wound drainage that is frequently seen after TKA in obese patients. Post-operative care of the obese patient following TKA involves several unique considerations. Chronic pain and obesity are frequent comorbid conditions and post-operative pain control regimens need to be tailored. Although the physical therapy regimen does not differ in obese patients, obese patients are more likely to be discharged to a rehabilitation facility. Obese patients have a higher rate of all complications compared to healthy weight. All infection and deep infection increased in obese patients in large meta-analysis. Patients with BMI > 35 are 6.7 times more likely to develop infection after TKA. Patients with BMI > 40 have a 3.35 times higher rate of revision for deep infection than those with BMI 45. Although there are a few studies that have demonstrated worse clinical outcome in obese patients following TKA, most studies show no difference in clinical outcomes at short- or long-term follow-up. The arthroplasty surgeon must optimise the obese patient prior to surgery, use intra-operative techniques to maximise success, and anticipate potential problems in the post-operative course in order to achieve success with TKA in obese patients.
Beam steering a quadrifilar helix antenna at S-band using a monopole

In this paper, an alternative approach to beam steering is presented through the use of a novel quadrifilar helix antenna, with a monopole in its center to get a low form factor and high performance. By altering the phase and amplitude of the monopole, the beam can be ‘steered’ 360 degrees in the phi direction, and 90 degrees in the theta direction. Simulated test data showing antenna performance will be compared to current beam steering methodologies.
SEARCHING for PLANET NINE with COADDED WISE and NEOWISE-REACTIVATION IMAGES

A distant, as yet unseen ninth planet has been invoked to explain various observations of the outer solar system. While such a "Planet Nine," if it exists, is most likely to be discovered via reflected light in the optical, it may emit much more strongly at 3−5 μm than simple blackbody predictions would suggest, depending on its atmospheric properties. As a result, Planet Nine may be detectable at 3.4 μm with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, but single exposures are too shallow except at relatively small distances ( au). We develop a method to search for Planet Nine far beyond the W1 single-exposure sensitivity, to distances as large as 800 au, using inertial coadds of W1 exposures binned into ~1 day intervals. We apply our methodology to a ~2000 square degree testbed sky region which overlaps a southern segment of Planet Nine's anticipated orbital path. We do not detect a plausible Planet Nine candidate, but are able to derive a detailed completeness curve, ruling out its presence within the parameter space searched at W1 < 16.66 (90% completeness). Our method uses all publicly available W1 imaging, spanning 2010 January to 2015 December, and will become more sensitive with future NEOWISE-Reactivation releases of additional W1 exposures. We anticipate that our method will be applicable to the entire high Galactic latitude sky, and we will extend our search to that full footprint in the near future.
An Ultraviolet Excess in the Superluminous Supernova Gaia16apd Reveals a Powerful Central Engine

Since the discovery of superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) in the last decade, it has been known that these events exhibit bluer spectral energy distributions than other supernova subtypes, with significant output in the ultraviolet. However, the event Gaia16apd seems to outshine even the other SLSNe at rest-frame wavelengths below $\sim 3000$ \AA. Yan et al (2016) have recently presented HST UV spectra and attributed the UV flux to low metallicity and hence reduced line blanketing. Here we present UV and optical light curves over a longer baseline in time, revealing a rapid decline at UV wavelengths despite a typical optical evolution. Combining the published UV spectra with our own optical data, we demonstrate that Gaia16apd has a much hotter continuum than virtually any SLSN at maximum light, but it cools rapidly thereafter and is indistinguishable from the others by $\sim 10$-15 days after peak. Comparing the equivalent widths of UV absorption lines with those of other events, we show that the excess UV continuum is a result of a more powerful central power source, rather than a lack of UV absorption relative to other SLSNe or an additional component from interaction with the surrounding medium. These findings strongly support the central-engine hypothesis for hydrogen-poor SLSNe. An explosion ejecting $M_{\rm ej} = 4 (0.2/\kappa)$ M$_\odot$, where $\kappa$ is the opacity in cm$^2$g$^{-1}$, and forming a magnetar with spin period $P=2$ ms, and $B=2\times10^{14}$ G (lower than other SLSNe with comparable rise-times) can consistently explain the light curve evolution and high temperature at peak. The host metallicity, $Z=0.18$ Z$_\odot$, is comparable to other SLSNe.
Adults With Persistent ADHD: Gender and Psychiatric Comorbidities—A Population-Based Longitudinal Study:

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate associations between ADHD and comorbid psychiatric disorders among adults from a population-based birth cohort. Method: Participants were recruited from all children born between 1976 and 1982 remaining in Rochester, Minnesota, after age 5. Participants with childhood ADHD (n = 232; M age = 27.0 years; 72% men) and non-ADHD controls (n = 335; M age = 28.6 years; 63% men) completed a structured interview (M.I.N.I. International Neuropsychiatric Interview) assessing current ADHD status and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Results: Among 232 with childhood ADHD, 68 (49 men, 19 women) had persistent adult ADHD. Compared with non-ADHD controls and non-persistent ADHD participants, adults with persistent ADHD were significantly more likely to have any or each of 12 psychiatric comorbidities. The associations retained significant or marginally significant when stratified by gender. Externalizing psychiatric disorders were more common in men (74%) and internalizing d...
The Intergenerational Transmission of Schooling among the Education-Rationed

We estimate the intergenerational transmission of schooling in a country where the majority of the population was rationed in its access to education. By eliminating apartheid-style policies against blacks, the 1980 education reforms in Zimbabwe swiftly tripled the transition rate to secondary schools. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, we find a robust intergenerational transmission. A one-year increase in the schooling of the mother raises her child’s attainment by 0.073 years; the corresponding father-to-child spillover is 0.092 years. Choices in the marriage and labor markets mediate the size of these schooling transmissions. Several smoothness and placebo tests validate our design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Interior Penalties for Summation-by-Parts Discretizations of Linear Second-Order Differential Equations

This work focuses on simultaneous approximation terms (SATs) for multidimensional summation-by-parts (SBP) discretizations of linear second-order partial differential equations with variable coefficients. Through the analysis of adjoint consistency and stability, we present several conditions on the SAT penalties for general operators, including those operators that do not have nodes on their boundary or do not correspond with a collocation discontinuous Galerkin method. Based on these conditions, we generalize the modified scheme of Bassi and Rebay and the symmetric interior penalty Galerkin method to SBP-SAT discretizations. Numerical experiments are carried out on unstructured grids with triangular elements to verify the theoretical results.
Use of simulation in managing reusable medical equipment inventory in surgical services

Maintaining efficient levels of reusable medical equipment (RME) inventory is vital for many healthcare systems due to their high cost. On the other hand hospitals cannot risk lower service levels for RME availability in such vital departments as surgery, emergency, and ICU/PACU by optimizing the inventory levels solely based on ordering and holding costs. With the primary goal of access to quality care, frequent RME shortages and subsequent delays and cancellations in healthcare systems is not acceptable and needs to be balanced with the cost of maintaining inventory. In this study, we propose a simulation based framework for determining RME inventory levels in surgical services while balancing these competing performance criteria. Using historical surgery schedules, we first conducted a static and retrospective inventory analysis to determine the RME utilization levels based on historical inventory levels and minimum level RME inventory requirements based on surgery demand. Next, we generated surgery schedules using historical schedule data to be used in optimizing RME inventory levels to balance 1. Waiting time minimization due to RME shortage, 2. Reducing inventory cost of RME trays. We developed an integrated discrete event simulation model to capture the closed-loop circulation of the RME between the sterile processing services (SPS) department and operating theater. We evaluated two SPS RME processing strategies: RME sequencing by prioritization and FIFO system for sequencing RME trays in the sterilization department. Using the simulation model, we studied the impact of two sequencing strategies on RME shortage induced delays. We tested the effect of sequencing strategies using both the historical inventory levels and minimum required RME tray inventory levels obtained through static analysis. Finally, we optimized the inventory levels using infinitesimal perturbation analysis (IPA) by initializing the IPA with the historical and minimum required inventory levels.
What Criminals’ Tattoos Symbolize: Drawing on Darwin, Durkheim, and Lombroso

Criminals’ tattoos have many meanings. A limitation of prior research is that these meanings have not been organized into an elegant yet exhaustive typology that is theoretically informed. To addre...
Patterned Cell Alignment in Response to Macroscale Curvature

The formation of spatial behavior patterns in tissues is a long-standing problem in biology. Decades of research have focused on understanding how biochemical signaling and morphogen gradients establish cell patterns during development and tissue morphogenesis. Here, we show that geometry and physical cues can drive organization and pattern formation. We find that mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human vascular smooth muscle cells sense curvature differently when in monolayers than when isolated on surfaces with various amounts of Gaussian curvature.
Complexity-aware scheduling for an LDPC encoded C-RAN uplink

C-RAN! (C-RAN!) is a new paradigm for wireless networks that centralizes the signal processing in a computing cloud, allowing commodity computational resources to be pooled. While C-RAN improves utilization and efficiency, the computational load occasionally exceeds the available resources, creating a computational outage. This paper provides a mathematical characterization of the computational outage probability for low-density parity check (LDPC) codes, a common class of error-correcting codes. For tractability, a binary erasures channel is assumed. Using the concept of density evolution, the computational demand is determined for a given ensemble of codes as a function of the erasure probability. The analysis reveals a trade-off: aggressively signaling at a high rate stresses the computing pool, while conservatively backing-off the rate can avoid computational outages. Motivated by this trade-off, an effective computationally aware scheduling algorithm is developed that balances demands for high throughput and low outage rates.
Sources of predictability

Sources of predictability in the basic laws of physics are described in the most general theoretical context -- the quantum theory of the universe as a whole. (To appear in the Proceedings of the conference on Fundamental Sources of Unpredictability held at the Santa Fe Institute, March 28 to 30, 1996 to be published by Complexity.)
Ricci Yang–Mills flow on surfaces

Abstract We study the behavior of the Ricci Yang–Mills flow for U ( 1 ) bundles on surfaces. By exploiting a coupling of the Liouville and Yang–Mills energies we show that existence for the flow reduces to a bound on the isoperimetric constant or the L 4 norm of the bundle curvature. We furthermore completely describe the behavior of long time solutions of this flow on surfaces. Finally, in Appendix A we classify all gradient solitons of this flow on surfaces.
TIGHT HAMSTRINGS MAY INCREASE THE LOAD PER UNIT AREA ON THE HIP

Introduction Early hip OA may be attributed to smaller coverage of the femoral head leading to higher loads per unit area. We hypothesize that tight hamstrings may contribute to increased loads per unit area on the femoral head during gait. When a patient has tight hamstrings they cannot flex their pelvis in a normal fashion which may result in smaller coverage of the femoral head (Figure 1). This study aimed to determine if subjects with tight hamstrings can improve femoral head coverage during gait after a stretching intervention. Methods Nine healthy subjects with tight hamstrings (popliteal angle>25°) were recruited and consented for this IRB approved study. Gait analysis with 58 reflective markers were placed by palpation on anatomical landmarks of the torso and lower extremities. Ten optoelectronic cameras (Qualisys, Gothenburg, Sweden) and three force plates (AMTI, Watertown, MA) were used to track marker position and measure foot strike forces. Subjects walked at a self-selected speed across the force plates until ten clean trials were performed and then were scanned with the reflective markers on the spine using an EOS (EOS Imaging, France) bi-planar x-ray system. Following testing participants completed a six week stretching program to increase hamstring length. Pelvic tilt (PT) was measured at heel strike for each trial and averaged. Using EOS scans the femoral head radius was measured using three points that best fit the load bearing surface on the sagittal view from the anterior acetabular rim to a point on the posterior acetabulum 45 degrees from vertical. The radius of femoral head and angle of acetabular coverage were used to calculate the load bearing surface area of femoral head. Load on the femur was calculated using an Anybody lower body model (Anybody Technology, Aalborg, Denmark) and load per unit area change was compared. Results Nine participants completed the stretching program and post intervention testing. PA increased in all subjects (mean ± SD) 18.8° ± 11° (p<.01). Eight of nine subjects had an increase in anterior PT at heel strike resulting in a mean change of 2.1° ± 2.9° (p<.05). The change in PT resulted in a mean surface area change of 0.63cm2 ± 0.77 cm2(p<.05), which resulted in a mean pressure change of −57.9MPa ± 55.7MPa. Removing the one subject who decreased in anterior pelvic tilt resulted in a mean change in PT of 2.9° ± 1.2°, a mean change in surface area of 0.85cm2 ± 0.46 cm2, and a mean pressure change of −74.4 MPa ± 27.2 MPa. (Table 1) Discussion/Conclusion This study verified the hypothesis that functional PT is influenced significantly by tight hamstrings. Using a stretching intervention program small changes in functional PT can be elicited that may significantly decrease the force per unit area on the femoral head and possibly the risk for developing degeneration joint disease. Although our study is limited by the small number of participants it does lend one significant benefit to intervene in patients who have chronically tight hamstrings. For figures/tables, please contact authors directly.
TOWERS OF GRAVITATIONAL THEORIES

In this essay, we introduce a theoretical framework designed to describe black hole dynamics. The difficulties in understanding such dynamics stems from the proliferation of scales involved when one attempts to simultaneously describe all of the relevant dynamical degrees of freedom. These range from the modes that describe the black hole horizon, which are responsible for dissipative effects, to the long wavelength gravitational radiation that drains mechanical energy from macroscopic black hole bound states. We approach the problem from a Wilsonian point of view, by building a tower of theories of gravity each of which is valid at different scales. The methodology leads to multiple new results in diverse topics including phase transitions of Kaluza–Klein black holes and the interactions of spinning black hole in non-relativistic orbits. Moreover, our methods tie together speculative ideas regarding dualities for black hole horizons to real physical measurements in gravitational wave detectors.