cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential Expression of the HHV-8 vGCR Cellular Homolog Gene in AIDS-Associated and Classic Kaposi's Sarcoma: Potential Role of HIV-1 Tat

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) has been causally linked to Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). There is significant homology between some HHV-8 genes and cellular genes including D-type cyclin (vCYC), G protein coupled receptor (vGCR), macrophage inflammatory proteins (vMIP-I, vMIP-II), bcl-2 (vBCL2), interferon regulatory factor-1 (vIRF1), interleukin-6 (vIL6), and complement-binding protein (vCBP). In this study, we analyzed expression of these viral homologs and HIV-1 Tat by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) coupled with Southern blot hybridization in AIDS-KS (AKS) tissue, classic KS tissue(CKS), and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and phorbol ester (TPA)-treated and untreated HHV-8 positive lymphoma cells (BCBL1). While vCYC (AKS 6 of 6; CKS 3 of 3), vMIP-I (AKS 5 of 6, CKS 3 of 3), vBCL2 (AKS 6 of 6; CKS 3 of 3), and vIRF1 (AKS 5 of 6, CKS 3 of 3) transcripts were detected in both AKS and CKS, vGCR and HIV-1 Tat were expressed only in AKS samples (vGCR: AKS 3 of 6, CKS 0 of 3; Tat: AKS 4 of 6, CKS 0 of 3). vMIPII, vCBP, and vIL6 expression were not detected in any KS samples. Since vGCR expression is limited to AKS, it is possible that vGCR is activated by HIV-1 Tat. These results suggest that HIV-1 Tat may contribute to AKS pathogenesis through the tumorigenic and angiogenic effects of vGCR.
Late replication in an X-autosome translocation in the mouse: correlation with genetic inactivation and evidence for selective effects during embryogenesis.

Abstract A technique involving 5-bromodeoxyuridine, 33258 Hoechst, and fluorescence microscopy has been used to analyze replication kinetics in cells from embryonic and adult mice bearing the Cattanach [T(X;7)ICt] translocation in a balanced or an unbalanced form. In balanced 9- and 13-day female embryos, the translocated X was late replicating in 28 and 22% of the cells, respectively, whereas it was late replicating in only 13% of adult cells. In contrast, in unbalanced females, the translocated X was late replicating in 62 and 70% of 9- and 13-day embryos and in 70% of adult cells. Such divergent late replication frequencies suggest the operation, during development, of selection against cells with extreme genetic imbalance. Within a late-replicating translocated X chromosome, the autosomal segment itself replicated late approximately half of the time, regardless of karyotypic balance. The late replication data are consistent with the measurements of levels of mitochondrial malic enzyme (MOD-2, whose locus is on the autosomal segment) activity in these mice [Eicher E. & Coleman, D. (1977) Genetics 85, 647-658]. The present study also shows a dissociation between the replication timing in X chromatin distal and proximal to the autosomal segment, supporting the hypothesis of at least two inactivation centers in the X chromosome.
Ricardian rent, factor quality variations, and the testable implications of production function ‘regularity’ ∗

With quality variations in a factor affecting inputs of other factors, production functions are not strictly quasi-concave and inputs are not a function of factor prices and firm output. The absence of strict quasi-concavity holds also with aggregation. In aggregation systems where capital inputs are proportional to rent (a highly desirable characteristic), the nature of factor quality variations suggests that isoquants will typically have linear segments unless rent and capacity are always equal, a condition that is seldom if ever met.
HRI Education Workshop: How to Design and Teach Courses in Human-Robot Interaction

This workshop aims to share best practices for teaching courses in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). The main focus is on undergraduate and graduate education and training, but K-12 and informal learning environments are also of interest. HRI is still a relatively new field with no standardized textbook or curriculum. Furthermore, HRI education requires an interdisciplinary approach, which poses challenges for both students and instructors. This workshop will bring together researchers and educators to discuss strategies for designing and teaching HRI to students with diverse backgrounds and skill sets.
Complexes of sulfoxides. IV. vibrational spectra of tetramethylene sulfoxide complexes

Abstract A vibrational spectroscopic study of tetramethylene sulfoxide (TMSO) and its hexacoordinate complexes with Al III , Cr III , Fe II , Mn II , Fe II , Co II , Ni II , and Zn II has been carried out. The frequency order of ν MO corresponds to that found for DMSO complexes. Splitting in the ν SO bands is interpreted as further evidence for S 6 symmetry of the cation. Simplified vibrational models have been used to estimate the force constants involved, and the order determined by the MO stretching force constant is found to differ from the ν MO frequency order for Zn II and Al III .
On Network Coding of Independent and Dependent Sources in Line Networks

We investigate the network coding capacity for line networks. For independent sources and a special class of dependent sources, we fully characterize the capacity region of line networks for all possible demand structures (e.g., multiple unicast, mixtures of unicasts and multicasts, etc.) Our achievability bound is derived by first decomposing a line network into single-demand components and then adding the component rate regions to get rates for the parent network. For general dependent sources, we give an achievability result and provide examples where the result is and is not tight.
Some Thoughts on the Data Acquisition Problem of High-Energy Physics Experiments

Some of the questions that arise when considering a standard data-bussing system are discussed. The discussion is restricted to applications in high-energy physics instrumentation. It is pointed out that it is necessary to provide for the operation of such systems without on-line computers.
Plateau and transpulmonary pressure with elevated intra-abdominal pressure or atelectasis.

Background. ARDSnet standards limit plateau pressure (Pplat) to reduce ventilator induced lung injury (VILI). Transpulmonary pressure (Ptp) [Pplat –pleural pressure (Ppl)], not Pplat, is the distending pressure of the lung. Lung distention can be affected by increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and atelectasis. We hypothesized that the changes in distention caused by increases in IAP and atelectasis would be reflected by Ptp but independent of Pplat. Methods. In Yorkshire pigs, esophageal pressure (Pes) was measured with a balloon catheter as a surrogate for Ppl under two experimental conditions: (1) high IAP group (n[ 5), where IAP was elevated by CO2 insufflation in 5mm Hg steps from 0 to 30mm Hg; and (2) Atelectasis group (n[ 5), where a double lumen endotracheal tube allowed clamping and degassing of either lung by O2 absorption. Lung collapse was estimated by increases in pulmonary shunt fraction. Results. High IAP: Sequential increments in IAP caused a linear increase in Pplat (r 2 [ 0.754, P < 0.0001). Ptp did not increase (r 2 [ 0.014, P[ 0.404) with IAP due to the concomitant increase in Pes (r 2 [ 0.726, P < 0.0001). Partial Lung Collapse: There was no significant difference in Pplat between the atelectatic (21.83 ± 0.63cm H2O) and inflated lung (22.06 ± 0.61 cmH2O, P < 0.05). Partial lung collapse caused a significant decrease in Pes (11.32 ± 1.11mm Hg) compared with inflation (15.89 ± 0.72mm Hg,P < 0.05) resulting in a significant increase in Ptp (inflated[ 5.97 ± 0.72mm Hg; collapsed [ 10.55 ± 1.53mm Hg, P < 0.05). Conclusions. Use of Pplat to set ventilation may under-ventilate patients with intra-abdominal hypertension and over-distend the lungs of patients with atelectasis. Thus, Ptp must be used to accurately set mechanical ventilation in the critically ill. 2010 Elsevier
Secure personal computing in an insecure network

A method for implementing secure personal computing in a network with one or more central facilities is proposed. The method employs a public-key encryption device and hardware keys. Each user is responsible for his own security and need not rely on the security of the central facility or the communication links. A user can safely store confidential files in the central facility or transmit confidential data to other users on the network.
RAPID DEGRADATION OF AZO DYES USING NANO-SCALE ZERO VALENT IRON

In the present study, nano-scale Zero Valent Iron (NZVI) was synthesized in ethanol medium by the method of ferric iron reduction using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent under atmospheric conditions. The obtained iron nanoparticles are mainly in zero valent oxidation state and remain without significant oxidation for hours. A systematic characterization of NZVI was performed using XRD, SEM and TEM studies. The obtained iron nanoparticles consist of a zero valent core surrounding a rest oxide shell. The diameter of iron nanoparticles was predominantly within the range 20-110 nm. Refractory azo-dye compounds used in the textile industry are commonly detected in many industrial waste water. In this study the removal efficiency of three azo dyes, namely, methyl orange, sunset yellow and acid blue a, with laboratory synthesized NZVI particles in relation to the NZVI dosage, dye concentration and pH was determined. Increasing the dose of NZVI particles enhanced the decolonization of the dyes. The degradation decreased with increasing solution pH and concentration of dyes. These findings demonstrated the fast removal of azo dye compounds with NZVI and the advantage of the synthesized NZVI particles to treat azo dye contaminated wastewater.
Macrophage-specific apoE gene repair reduces diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in hypomorphic Apoe mice.

Background: Apolipoprotein (apo) E is best known for its ability to lower plasma cholesterol and protect against atherosclerosis. Although the liver is the major source of plasma apoE, extra-hepatic sources of apoE, including from macrophages, account for
Parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus are involved in the reduction in renal nerve discharge during isotonic volume expansion

The parvocellular neurons of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus are known to be involved in the control of central autonomic outflow. While the PVN is also known to be involved in the control of fluid-balance, most of the studies examining this nucleus have emphasized the magnocellular neurons, which are involved in the humoral control of fluid-balance and related hemodynamics. The present study took advantage of the differential sensitivity of these two cell types to kainic acid as a means of investigating the role of the parvocellular neurons in the reflex reduction of renal sympathetic nerve discharge (RSND) during acute isotonic volume expansion. Kainic acid (18 pmol), which destroys parvocellular but not magnocellular neurons in the PVN, was microinjected (20 nl) bilaterally at sites in and adjacent to the PVN 3-4 days prior to acute isotonic volume expansion. In anesthetized rats RSND decreased by 59% at the completion of acute isotonic volume expansion (10% of body weight) in the vehicle-injected control group; on the other hand, it decreased by 33% in the kainic acid-treated group. The effect of destruction of the parvocellular neurons on the baroreceptor reflex was also examined. Neither the renal nerve component (delta %RSND/delta AP), nor the heart rate component (delta HR/delta AP), of the baroreceptor reflex were different in the kainic acid-treated group (3.1 +/- 0.4, and 1.1 +/- 0.1, respectively) than in the vehicle-injected control group (2.9 +/- 0.7, and 0.8 +/- 0.1, respectively). We conclude that the parvocellular neurons of the PVN are an important synaptic relay site in the reflex are that is activated during isotonic volume expansion, but not in the baroreceptor reflex.
565 CONTRACTILITY OF THE DEVELOPING LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER IN THE KITTEN

The lower esophageal sphincters (LES) of kittens aged 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks were identified by a probe with a perfused side opening adjacent to a metal plug, and basal LESP was measured. A suture was placed under fluoroscopy at the LES. 1.75 mm wide rings were cut transversely from the LES region and studied in vitro. Force/length curves were obtained in standard tyrode solution, in tyrode with 140 mM KCL, and in calcium-free tyrode with 5 mM EDTA to determine basal, total and passive forces respectively. Active force was obtained as the difference between total and passive force. Circular smooth muscle thickness was determined in such age group from frozen sections. The forces generated were then normalized for the amount of muscle able to generate them to give stress or contractility of the muscle. In the kitten, in vivo LESP, forces generated by LES rings in vitro, and thickness of the smooth muscle all increase throughout life. Contractility of the LES rises to a peak at 3 weeks and then declines. This increased contractility may be important in determining sphincter competence during infancy.
Evaluation of classification quality and comparative analysis of clustering and self-organization

Abstract Clustering is a way of classifying a multi-dimensional dataset by the similarities of its dimensions. The results from clustering must be analyzed to test the accuracy of the algorithm and its implementation. This analysis is sometimes done by a visual representation of the clustered dataset. However, it is impossible to visually represent a dataset with more than four dimensions. Statistical analysis makes this feasible. The analysis performed on the output calculates the centroid of each cluster and the cluster's relation to that centroid. We have investigated two modes of hierarchical clustering and spectral clustering. The standard deviation of each dimension from the centroid, the maximum Euclidean distance from the centroid, and the dimensions that elements of each cluster have in common are also computed. The performed experiments demonstrate which clustering algorithm presents most accurate results under certain circumstances through the use of a synthesis of visual representation and the statistical analysis proposed above.
Romer revisited: long-term changes in the cyclical sensitivity of unemployment

In this paper we employ microeconomic evidence on the unemployment experiences of American males to evaluate the sensitivity of unemployment to business cycle fluctuations in the late nineteenth century as compared to the mid-twentieth century. Our results indicate a substantial decline in the value of the Okun coefficient (from −0.65 to −0.32) between the 1890s and the 1960s. These findings challenge Christina Romer’s interpretation that the measured decline in cyclical volatility of unemployment over the twentieth century was created by improvements in the statistical record. Rather, it was changes in the underlying dynamics of the labor market over the cycle, most notably the transition to procyclical productivity patterns and the shift from an added to a discouraged worker effect among secondary workers, which may be summarized as the development of modern labor market behavior, that account for the declining cyclical sensitivity of employment and the drop in the cyclical volatility of unemployment over the century.
Anaerobic digestion of wastes

Abstract The paper discusses briefly the principles of the anaerobic digestion process as well as of the advanced, more efficient technologies developed in the last decades. These advanced technologies include the anaerobic filter, anaerobic fluidized or expanded bed reactor, upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor and anaerobic fixed film reactor. Some of these appear suitable for small scale operation in rural areas.
Nonlinear imaging of intrinsic tissue contrast with a fiberoptic scanning endomicroscope

We present a flexible fiberoptic scanning endomicroscope with a 2-mm diameter and a 32-mm rigid length capable of imaging two-photon excitation fluorescence from intrinsic fluorophors and second harmonic generation from non-centerosymmetric molecules.
Some developmental aspects of the bovine fetal gut.

Summary In the bovine fetus, Peyer's patches appeared at 18 weeks of gestation. Their number varied from 3 at 18 weeks to 76 at 40 weeks of fetal life. Their total surface area was greatest in the jejunum. They appeared to originate by 2 mechanisms: (1) in situ transformation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells of the mucosal lamina propria into lymphoid elements; and, (2) emigration of lymphocytes from lymphatic vessels into the mucosal lamina propria. Fetuses in all age groups studied possessed argentaffin cells. Their concentration was greatest in the rectum and their numbers increased with increasing fetal age. No Paneth cells could be demonstrated in the bovine fetal gut. Resume Quelques aspects du developpement de l'intestin bovin foetal Dans le foetus bovin, les plaques de Peyer apparaissent apres 17 semaines de gestation. Leur nombre varie de 3 (a 18 semaines de vie foetale) a 76 (a 40 semaines). Leur surface totale est la plus importante dans le jejunum. Elles paraissent causees par deux mecanismes: 1. une transformation in situ des cellules mesenchymateuses non differenciees de la couche muqueuse proprement dite en elements lymphoides; 2. une emigration des lymphocytes des vaisseaux lymphatiques dans la couche muqueuse proprement dite. Les foetus de toutes les categories d'âge examinees possedent des cellules arginophiles. Leur concentration est la plus forte dans le rectum et leur nombre augmente avec l'âge du foetus. On ne met aucune cellule de Paneth en evidence dans l'intestin du foetus bovin. Resumen Algunos aspectos sobre el desarrollo del intestino bovino fetal En el feto bovino, las placas de Peyer aparecen a las 18 semanas de gestacion. Su numero varia entre 3 a las 18 semanas y 76 a las 40 semanas de vida fetal. Su area superficial total es mayor en el yeyuno. Parecen ser originadas por dos mecanismos: (1) transformacion in situ de celulas mesenquimales no diferenciadas de la lamina propia mucosa en elementos linfoides; y (2) emigracion de los linfocitos de los vasos linfaticos a la lamina propia mucosa. Los fetos estudiados en todos los grupos de edades poseian celulas argentafines. Su concentracion era maxima en el recto y su numero aumentaba al crecer la edad fetal. En el intestino bovino fetal no se pudieron identificar celulas de Paneth.
Neutrons as an Energy Source for the Solar Corona

THE energy source of the solar corona continues to be a problem and the acoustical theory of Sturrock1 has not surmounted all objections2. But there are several reasons why the exothermic decay in the corona of a neutral particle such as the neutron is a very attractive possibility: the immense specific energy required to reach temperatures of 106 K, the retention of fast charged particles by the Sun's magnetic field, and the problem of accounting for the high coronal temperature near the relatively low temperature photosphere.
Observations regarding compactness in the ∂-Neumann problem

In a first part, we show that compactness of the ∂-Neumann operator is independent of the metric, among metrics smooth on the closure of the domain. This is analogous to subellipticity, but in contrast to global regularity. Our methods also give a new proof of the independence of subellipticity. In a second part, we look at the ideal of compactness multipliers. The zero set of this ideal may be viewed as the obstruction to compactness. We determine this zero set in the case of convex domains and in the case of certain Hartogs domains in ℂ2.
Localization and function of five glutamate transporters cloned from the salamander retina

Abstract Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate retina. Native glutamate transporters have been well characterized in several retinal neurons, particularly from the salamander retina. We have cloned five distinct glutamate transporters from the salamander retina and examined their localization and functional properties: sEAAT1, sEAAT2A, sEAAT2B, sEAAT5A and sEAAT5B. sEAAT1 is a homologue of the glutamate transporter EAAT1 (GLAST), sEAAT2A and sEAAT2B are homologues of EAAT2 (GLT-1) and sEAAT5A and sEAAT5B are homologues of the recently cloned human retinal glutamate transporter EAAT5. Localization was determined by immunocytochemical techniques using antibodies directed at portions of the highly divergent carboxy terminal. Glutamate transporters were found in glial, photoreceptor, bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells. The pharmacology and ionic dependence were determined by two-electrode voltage clamp recordings from Xenopus laevis oocytes which had previously been injected with one of the glutamate transporter mRNAs. Each of the transporters behaved in a manner consistent with a glutamate transporter and there were some distinguishing characteristics which make it possible to link the function in native cells with the behavior of the cloned transporters in this study.
THE PRECIPITIN REACTION OF ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERA : III. THE RATIO OF PRECIPITIN TO PROTECTIVE ANTIBODY IN TYPE II.

The ratio precipitin/protective antibody is given for several fresh antipneumococcus horse sera (Type II). The application of the precipitin test here dealt with and that of similar ones, based on the conception of a parallelism between precipitin and protective antibody, is limited to unrefined horse sera.
Factors Affecting Elder Caregiving in Multigenerational Asian American Families

As the Asian American immigrant population grows older, daily care, mental health, and access to services may present particular difficulties for this population and their children. Specifically, due to vast differences between Eastern and Western cultures, children (second-generation Asian Americans) may not share the same philosophy of care as their elders. Consequently, this cultural dissonance between generations can result in adverse mental health outcomes for both elders and their family members who are involved in caregiving activities. The situation is exacerbated given the lack of culturally sensitive professionals and resources to serve this population in local communities. In this article, an examination of these intergenerational dynamics will be followed by practice suggestions for appropriate interventions at the community level.
Atmospheric correction of SeaWiFS imagery: assessment of the use of alternative bands

Spatial inhomogeneity, or speckling, frequently occurs in Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) data products such as water-leaving radiance and chlorophyll concentration. We have found that this effect may be caused by high-altitude aerosols or thin cirrus clouds or even by digitization errors. For the scenes evaluated, whitecaps were ruled out as a likely cause of these errors. We tried to avoid using the 765-nm band, which is affected by O2 absorption and is more sensitive to digitization errors, by instead using the 670-nm band in the atmospheric correction and found that speckling for either cloud-free areas or cloud-adjacent areas was significantly reduced.
Singing and cultural understanding: A music education perspective

This article explores the relationship between singing and cultural understanding. Singing emerges in infancy and develops through processes of enculturation and socialization. When we sing songs from diverse cultures, we are granted with opportunities to learn about the cultures of others, and gain a better understanding of our own. Thus, singing songs from different cultures may play important roles in the construction of our identities and in how we perceive and understand others, and ultimately ourselves. Cultural understanding, however, is complex in nature and multi-layered. Even if research findings concerning the relationship between singing and cultural understanding are mixed, we argue that there is value in enhancing students’ cultural understanding through singing multicultural songs. Singing multicultural songs can also promote the well being of students. It is beyond the education of music. It is about a comprehensive education of humans as social beings and music as a human endeavor.
Introduction of laser technology and procedure use for benign prostatic hyperplasia: data from Florida.

Objective To examine the association of laser technology adoption in a market with surgery rates for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods Using the Florida files from the State Ambulatory and Inpatient Surgery Databases (2001-2009), we identified all patients who underwent transurethral surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia. We calculated rates of benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery for all markets within the state (defined by Hospital Service Area) over time. Markets were split into 3 categories: (1) Always offering, (2) never offering, or (3) initially not offering but adopting laser prostatectomy after 2001. We used multivariable regression models to estimate surgery rates adjusted for other market characteristics. Interaction terms were included in the models to examine differences in time trends between market categories. Results After adjusting for market characteristics, time trends differed by market category ( P P P = .805). In markets adopting laser technology, rates increased from 268 to 296 procedures per 100,000 men after adoption ( P = .044), such that 4 years after adoption these markets had the highest rates among the 3 categories. Conclusion Adoption of laser technology is associated with rising rates of surgical intervention for benign prostatic hyperplasia. This trend appears to be induced by the introduction of laser surgery.
Molecular anatomy of the pro-inflammatory catalytic activity of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LPB)

Abstract Introduction: Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) is a serum acute phase protein that catalyzes the inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin). Loss of the carboxyl-terminus of LBP ablates the catalysis of pro-inflammatory signaling. This study was designed to further localize the catalytic activity of LBP by direct mutational analysis. Methods: Murine LBP cDNA was cloned and successive deletions of the C-terminus were obtained and expressed in COS-7 cells. The ability of secreted LBP protein constructs to catalyze LPS-responsiveness was determined by incubating lysate with P.aeruginosa LPS and RAW 264.7 macrophages, quantifying TNF-α release by WEHI cell bioassay. Statistical analysis was by ANOVA and Fisher’s Exact test. Results: Both purified and expressed full-length LBP (LBP-1446) catalyzed the production of TNF-α by 4–5 fold in response to LPS compared to LPS alone, while the deletion construct LBP-1327 catalyzed TNF-α production by 1.5–2 fold (p Download : Download high-res image (43KB) Download : Download full-size image
Immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone level in maternal circulation througout pregnancy

Immunoreactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone was quantitated in maternal blood. Circulating levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone were found to be significantly higher during pregnancy than in nonpregnant cycling women. The highest concentrations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity were observed in the first half of pregnancy with values at 20 to 42 weeks being significantly lower. A correlation with placental human chorionic gonadotropin-releasing hormone concentrations and maternal circulating gonadotropin-releasing hormone levels was noted. Four pregnancies that resulted in premature labor and/or delivery had very low circulating maternal gonadotropin-releasing hormone concentrations, possibly reflecting placental dysfunction in these cases.
Body Checking Questionnaire: psychometric properties and clinical correlates in obese men and women with binge eating disorder.

Objective: Body checking is considered a behavioral manifestation of the overevaluation of shape and weight, which is characteristic of patients with eating disorders. We examined the initial psychometric properties of the Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ) and the frequency and nature of body checking behaviors in obese men and women with binge eating disorder (BED). Method: Participants were a consecutive series of 73 (22 men, 51 women) treatment-seeking obese adults who met research criteria for BED as defined in the 4th ed. of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Participants were administered measures to assess body checking, body image concerns, and the core psychopathology of eating disorders, and general psychological functioning. Semistructured interviews were used to establish the diagnosis of BED. Results: Psychometric evidence was found to support the reliability and validity of the BCQ in patients with BED. Women reported significantly greater levels of body checking than men. Participants with greater body dissatisfaction reported more frequent checking than participants with less dissatisfaction. Among women, the frequency of checking was related to younger age, lower body mass index (BMI), body dissatisfaction, overevaluation of body shape and weight, greater depression, and lower self-esteem. Conclusion: There exist significant gender and age-related differences in both the frequency and correlates of body checking behaviors. Among obese women with BED, body checking is related to the overevaluation of shape as well as with associated psychopathology. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006.
Mappings of bar constructions

Quillen’s famous Theorem B describes the homotopy fiber ofBF :B C/arB, wheref :C is a functor andB the classifying space functor. This is here generalized to a description of the homotopy fiber ofB(F,α,β) :B(Y C,X)/ar(Y/t' C/t',X/t') where (F,α,β) : (Y C,X)/ar(Y/t' C/t',X/t') is a mapping of 2-sided bar construction data.
Laser cosmetic skin resurfacing: superpulsed perspective.

On a molecular basis, damage to skin collagen and elastin is the signature stamp of prolonged exposure to solar irradiation. Matrix-degrading metalloproteinase messenger RNAs, proteins, and activities are induced in human skin in vivo within hours of exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. When these conditions are not corrected ideally, premature skin aging from an accumulation of repeated lowdose sunlight exposure ensues [1]. When solar-damaged skin is viewed microscopically, a thickened, basket-woven stratum corneum; a thinner, more atrophic epidermis; epidermal atypia; irregular melanin dispersion throughout epidermis; alteration of dermal glycosaminoglycans; and abnormal-appearing elastic fibers in dermis are seen. In addition to and independent of photodamage, there are histologic and chemical alterations of the skin due to the process of aging. This situation is magnified in postmenopausal women in whom estrogen depletion has been shown to have a deleterious effect [2]. The papillary and reticular dermis shrink in equal amounts. There is a reduction in the absolute number of adnexal structures, and their relative depth from the skin surface also is diminished. Furthermore, Jung et al [3] noted that the water content of the skin is greatly influenced by ground substances, which may be responsible for intrinsic wrinkling and laxity of the skin that accompany cutaneous aging. These investigators demonstrated that older skin had diminished water and lower assays of glycosaminoglycans. Due to this reduced fluid content, it can be hypothesized that there is greater risk for thermal loading of tissues when lasing older skin. Therefore, it is essential to use less energy with fewer passes of the laser when treating these patients because there is less available chromophore (water) and fewer adnexal structures that are closer to the skin surface. These actions are necessary to avoid heat-related injuries to the pilosebaceous structures within the dermis that could lead to healing by scarring rather than by re-epithelialization. The cosmetic use of the high-energy, short-pulsed carbon-dioxide (CO2) laser is focused on reversing the clinical conditions of wrinkles and dyschromias that develop from the effects of ultraviolet radiation and the aging process itself. It has been shown to be a highly effective treatment for photodamaged skin, including improvement of rhytids, precancerous and benign skin lesions, and superficial benign pigmented lesions. In addition, laser resurfacing has been recommended for the treatment of eyelid dermatochalasis and the reduction of pathologic (acne and varicella)
Acoustoelectric amplification of piezoelectric surface waves

We study the propagation of anti-plane surface waves in a piezoelectric ceramic half-space carrying a thin layer of a semiconducting material. Two-dimensional equations for the extensional motion of a thin membrane of piezoelectric semiconductors are derived to model the semiconductor layer. A surface wave solution is obtained.
Digitized Heat Transfer for Thermal Management of Compact Microsystems

Active thermal management of compact microsystems by a periodic array of discrete liquid metal droplets is proposed and referred to as “digitized heat transfer.” This is in contrast to convective heat transfer by a continuous liquid flow. Two methods of droplet actuation, electrowetting on dielectric and continuous electrowetting, are described. Liquid metals or alloys support significantly higher heat transfer rates than other fluids, such as water or air. In addition, electrowetting is an efficient method of microscale fluid control, requiring low actuation voltages and very little power consumption. These concepts are used in this investigation to design an active management technique for high-power-density electronic and integrated micro systems. Preliminary calculations indicate that this technique could potentially offer a viable cooling strategy for achieving some of the most important objectives of electronic cooling, i.e., minimization of the maximum substrate temperature, reduction of the substrate temperature gradient and removing substrate hot spots. Numerical simulation of a droplet in a microchannel is also investigated. We propose a technique for dynamically calculating the slip velocity at the wall boundary including both the advancing and receding contact lines. The technique is based on the observed non-Newtonian behavior of a continuous liquid flow at high shear rates and its associated slip velocity (Thompson and Trioan 1997). While most of the wall boundary has negligible slip, significant slip at the advancing and receding contact lines are calculated from the data itself.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Archaeology's search for a Darwinian account of the past

O'Brien, Michael J., ed. Evolutionary Archaeology: Theory and Application. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1996. xv + 329 pp. including references and index. $55.00 cloth/$25.00 paper. Ma...
Robust video compression for time-varying wireless channels

We investigate joint source-channel coding for transmission of video over time-varying channels. We assume that the channel state is known at the receiver, but only statistical description of the time varying nature of the channel is available at the transmitter. A multimode coder is proposed to efficiently quantize the input video, and generate a quasi fixed-length bit stream of unequal importance. We vary the error protection offered to the individual bits, by matching it to both its importance, and the channel noise statistics. Based on the channel state, the decoder makes the best estimate of the source vector from the received codeword. We present a design algorithm which optimizes the overall rate- distortion performance of the system. Simulations results show that the proposed system outperforms a reference scheme where the multimode (source) codes and the channel codes were designed separately. Further, both the multimode coding schemes provide substantial gains over fixed length JSCC coding.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
SU-FF-J-10: A 5-Dimensional Breathing Motion Model for Radiation Therapy

Purpose: To develop a mathematical formalism that models breathing motion of lungtumors and normal organs for radiation therapytreatment planning.Method and Materials: The model is based on the assumption that breathing motion is caused by interactions between muscle‐induced air‐pressure distributions and the supporting structure of lungtissues. For quiet respiration, the motion of each object within the lungs is broken down into two independent components. First, the positions in the steady‐state (zero airflow) are modeled as a function of breathing depth, parameterized by the tidal volume v. As the patient breaths deeper, the objects move farther along their trajectories. Second, the hysteresis commonly observed in lung motion is due to local pressure imbalances caused during the dynamic act of breathing and is assumed to be a deviation from the zero‐flow trajectory. The hysteresis component is assumed to be proportional to local pressure imbalances which are proportional to the airflow at the patient's mouth, so this component is modeled as a function of airflow f=dv/dt. The motion of any internal object, therefore, has five degrees‐of‐freedom; the three Cartesian coordinates of the object during a user‐selected reference breathing phase, the tidal volume and the airflow. Results: The model was applied using a linear mathematical form used with measured patient breathing‐trajectory data of 76 tracked objects in 4 patients, which data was acquired using 4DCT and concurrent spirometry‐measured tidal volume. The tracked‐object displacement was a linear combination of two independent vectors with lengths proportional to the tidal volume and airflow. The patient data showed that the mathematical formalism was capable of modeling the objects' motion within 10% and 15% of the objects' maximum extent for 73% and 95% of the objects, respectively. Conclusion: This 5‐dimensional model provides a method for mapping breathing motion and is being extended to more clinical datasets.
Simulation and object-oriented programming: the development of SERB

An object-oriented programming language (OOPL), Flavors, was used to implement a modeling language and ancillary simula tion tools designed specifically to meet the needs of research biologists. A biological system is typically considered as a set of interacting entities, an abstraction which closely matches the pro gramming paradigm of Flavors. Some of the important charac teristics of Flavor programming are presented. Then SERB (the Simulation Environment for Research Biologists) is described. SERB uses Flavor objects to represent biological entities, resulting in a high degree of transparency between model and simuland. The simulationist creates model components from a library of component types and defines a model as some interacting set of these components. These models can then be used in simula tions or by higher level functions, such as sensitivity analysis. Flavors was found to be an ideal language for implementing modeling and simulation software for this domain.
Abstract 2948: The role of the RNA binding protein LIN28B in neuroblastoma

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Neuroblastoma is the most frequent extracranial solid tumor in children, accounting for almost 9% of all childhood cancers and close to 15% of childhood cancer deaths. Amplification of MYCN occurs in up to 40% of neuroblastomas, and is a marker of very poor prognosis. Current treatment strategies for MYCN amplified tumors are ineffective and in desperate need of new therapeutic avenues. The LIN28 A and B RNA binding proteins negatively regulate the let-7 family of pro-differentiation/ tumor suppressor miRNAs, enhance the translation of mRNA binding partners, and are emerging as novel onco-proteins. We show here that LIN28B is highly expressed in neuroblastoma, both in human neuroblastoma cell lines and in neuroblastoma patient samples, with an expression pattern similar to MYCN. The LIN28 proteins have been shown to directly regulate MYC, and knockdown of LIN28B in MYCN-amplified human neuroblastoma cells results in markedly reduced MYCN expression, impaired growth, greater differentiation, and reduced tumor size in mouse xenograft studies, indicating an important functional link between LIN28B and MYCN. Through LIN28B/mRNA co-immunoprecipitation we have discovered that LIN28B binds MYCN mRNA, suggesting a novel mechanism of LIN28B contribution to MYCN activity in high-risk neuroblastoma. In addition, we have also discovered that LIN28B is acetylated within its RNA binding domain, and mutational studies have suggested that modulating this post-translational modification may destabilize LIN28B protein stability. Through proteomic analysis of LIN28B -associated proteins, we have identified an acetyl-transferase as a candidate drug target for disruption of the LIN28B/MYCN oncogenic pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2948. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2948
Stratified wakes, the high Froude number approximation, and potential flow

Properties of a steady wake generated by a body moving uniformly at constant depth through a stratified fluid are studied as a function of two parameters inserted into the linearized equations of motion. The first parameter, μ, multiplies the along-track gradient term in the source equation. When formal solutions for an arbitrary buoyancy frequency profile are written as eigenfunction expansions, one finds that the limit μ → 0 corresponds to a high Froude number approximation accompanied by a substantial reduction in the complexity of the calculation. For μ = 1, upstream effects are present and the eigenvalues correspond to critical speeds above which transverse waves disappear for any given mode. For sufficiently high modes, the high Froude number approximation is valid. The second tracer multiplies the square of the buoyancy frequency term in the linearized conservation of mass equation and enables direct comparisons with the limit of potential flow. Detailed results are given for the simplest possible profile, in which the buoyancy frequency is independent of depth; emphasis is placed upon quantities that can, in principle, be experimentally measured in a laboratory experiment. The vertical displacement field is written in terms of a stratified wake form factor \({\mathbb{H}}\) , which is the sum of a wavelike contribution that is non-zero downstream and an evanescent contribution that appears symmetrically upstream and downstream. First- and second-order cross-track moments of \({\mathbb{H}}\) are analyzed. First-order results predict enhanced upstream vertical displacements. Second-order results expand upon previous predictions of wavelike resonances and also predict evanescent resonance effects.
Challenges of indirect calorimetry in mice

to the editor: the recent paper by Longo et al. ([5][1]) provides an excellent description of the challenges of performing indirect calorimetry in mice. Mice that gain weight or are weight stable in their home cages often lose weight during the indirect calorimetry measurements, indicating that the
Changing requirements for sterilization

Abstract As there is an ever increasing demand being placed upon individual dentists to provide more dental care for more patients, improvement in combating crossinfection is required. With the evidence presented showing that viral hepatitis can and has been spread in dental offices among dentists and patients, it is deemed essential that the dental profession recognizes and corrects this hazard in the operating environment. This hazard also exists for auxiliary personnel for which the dental profession is responsible. As viral hepatitis has been transferred in the dental operatory, other disease processes may well have a similar and common origin. Infection may result from any degree of penetration of the epithelium or mucous membrane of the oral cavity with the use of improperly sterilized instruments. Many procedures in dentistry disrupt the natural defense mechanisms in the oral cavity, so all instruments and equipment used should be properly sterilized. This review is part of a continuing study to recognize and correct the problems associated with cross-contamination in dentistry today and can, therefore, be considered a progress report. It is intended to stimulate the dental profession as the only qualified and competent group to anticipate improvement in its methods and techniques to control cross-infection among its patients, its members, and its auxiliary personnel for the benefit of all.
Laboratory creep tests of frozen gravels

Abstract As part of a continuing effort to develop a relationship between convergence of full-scale underground openings in permanently frozen gravel and laboratory creep strength tests of frozen gravels, two uniaxial creep tests of reconstituted gravel were conducted at the University of Alaska-Fairbanks. The authors here present a description and the results of those tests.
Influence of the timing of atrial systole on mitral valve closure and on the first heart sound in man.

Abstract Simultaneous recordings of electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram, indirect carotid pulse and pulsed ultrasound cardiogram of the anterior mitral leaflet were obtained in patients with heart block. In patients with compensated heart failure and heart block, the timing of mitral valve closure was a function of the timing of atrial systole for all beats with an effective diastolic P wave and a P-R interval greater than 0.2 second. Once closed, the mitral valve stayed closed through the remainder of diastole. In 1 patient with acute left heart failure, diastolic P waves did not result in mitral valve closure. The amplitude of the first heart sound was closely related to the timing of mitral valve closure. The mitral valve closure in diastole was silent, and the subsequent first sound was small. When the valve closed in early systole, the amplitude of the first sound was related to the rate and amplitude of the valve closure movement. The timing of mitral valve closure in relation to the left ventricular pressure pulse may be the important determinant of production of the first sound.
The early voltage of a bipolar transistor

A simple concentration profile is assumed and the Early voltage of a p-n-p transistor is calculated. The base gradient, the current gain, and the collector resistivity appear as parameters in the final equation for the Early voltage. Experimental results are presented.
Orange G dye binding for determination of protein of sow's milk.

Abstract Equations for protein in sow's milk by Orange G dye binding procedures were: per cent protein=9.184-4.526 (absorbance) at Sensitivity 1 for samples above 6.5% protein, and per cent protein=7.317-6.061 (absorbance) at Sensitivity 2 for samples containing 3.0 to 6.5% protein. Forty-two samples of sow's milk were analyzed with a Beckman Model B spectrophotometer. Sow's milk had more protein than cow's milk, requiring 1ml milk per 25ml Orange G dye. Protein analyses by Orange G dye binding were 0.95 correlated with Kjeldahl estimates of protein. These equations differed from those developed for estimating protein of cow's milk by the Orange G procedure.