cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pitch and Musical Scales

As we saw, a musical sound has a given fundamental frequency, and mixed with it higher frequencies coming from the Fourier components of the decomposition of the actual waveshape. In other words, the musical sound is a periodic vibration, and this period determines its fundamental frequency. But the shape of the sound wave is virtually never that of a simple sine wave, and so if we want to describe it, in the Fourier manner, as a superposition of sine waves, we have to add to the sine wave of the fundamental frequency sine waves with twice, three times, and so on, that frequency. These higher frequency components are called the first, second, third harmonics or overtones.
Comparison of five body-composition methods in peritoneal dialysis patients

Body-composition assessment is an important method of evaluating nutritional status in peritoneal dialysis patients. Because body-composition measurement estimates have not been fully validated in this population, we assessed five body-composition methods in 30 well-dialyzed peritoneal dialysis patients. The techniques studied included bioelectrical impedance analysis, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, total-body potassium counting, and anthropometry by two techniques. The dialysis patients were matched for age, race, sex, height, weight, and body mass index with 29 healthy control subjects in our laboratory database. By 5 x 2 x 2 analysis of variance, significant differences were found between results by modality (P < 0.0001) as well as by sex, with women having an increased percentage of fat (P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant intermethod difference by condition (peritoneal dialysis or control). That is, although significantly different percentage fat values were found between the body-composition techniques, this variability was independent of whether the measurement was made on control or peritoneal dialysis patients. Despite the differences between modalities, all techniques were found to correlate significantly with each other (P < 0.01 or better for men and P < 0.001 or better for women). Our experience shows that these routine techniques for measuring body composition can be readily applied to stable peritoneal dialysis patients.
Test of Ability to Recognize the Operation of Certain Principles Important to Physical Education

Abstract A preliminary test composed of 90 items culled from an original 100 was administered to 288 college seniors or master's candidates in professional physical education from seven universities. Statistical purification resulted in the retention of 50 of the original items on the basis of their respective indexes of discriminating power and degree of difficulty. The internal consistency reliability coefficient of .78 on the 50-item test was deemed satisfactory for a test which is a composite of a number of factors such as general intelligence and knowledge of social psychology, physiology, mental hygiene, and numerous other disciplines from which the principles related to physical education situations were drawn.1
Cage subsidence after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using a cage alone or combined with anterior plate fixation.

PURPOSE. To compare the extent of cage subsidence after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using a cage alone or combined with anterior plate fixation, and to assess the effect of end plate removal on cage subsidence. METHODS. Records of 23 men and 13 women aged 32 to 82 (mean, 54) years who underwent ACDF for 61 levels using the Solis cage alone (n=46) or combined with anterior plate fixation (n=15) were reviewed. The extent of cage subsidence was determined by comparing immediately postoperative (within one week) with final follow-up radiographs. Cage subsidence was defined as the sum subsidence of the superior and inferior part of the cage into the vertebral body. Mild and major cage subsidence was defined as ≤2 mm and >2 mm, respectively. RESULTS. Patients who underwent ACDF using a cage alone or combined with anterior plate fixation were comparable in terms of age, gender, follow-up duration, and number of levels decompressed. Cage subsidence occurred in 33 (54%) of the 61 levels decompressed. In the cage alone group, the extent of cage subsidence was greater (1.68 vs. 0.57 mm, p=0.039) and the rate of major cage subsidence was higher (28% vs. 7%, p=0.08). The inferior part of the cage was more vulnerable to subsidence compared with the superior part (median subsidence: 3.0 vs. 1.4 mm, p<0.0001). Cage subsidence occurred more often when the end plate was removed rather than preserved (58% vs. 18%, p<0.002). CONCLUSION. The extent of cage subsidence was greater after ACDF with cage alone. Cage subsidence occurred more often when the end plate was removed. Additional anterior plate fixation is recommended when the end plate is removed.
Investigating the Structure of the Pediatric Symptoms Checklist in the Preschool Setting

When using educational/psychological instruments, psychometric investigations should be conducted before adopting to new environments to ensure that an instrument measures the same constructs. Exploratory structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis methods were used to examine the utility of the short form of the Pediatric Symptoms Checklist (PSC-17) in the school setting. Using a sample of 836 preschool children rated by teachers, three factors were identified across both techniques, with factors matching the hypothesized structure of the instrument. The PSC-17 may be an option for use in preschool settings when conducting behavioral and emotional screening.
When To Hospitalize for Hypocoagulability

Identifying the patient with hemophilia as having either the A or B variety is the key to rational use of the clotting factor concentrates that have so greatly eased the management of the disease. This determination, as well as use of the concentrates in a manner appropriate to the specific clinical situation, generally requires hospitalization at a center having an experienced coagulation laboratory and hematologist.
The treatment of pneumococcic pneumonia with aureomycin.

Abstract 1.(1) Aureomycin has been used in the treatment of 174 patients with pneumonia. Among 131 patients with typed pneumococcic pneumonia there were two deaths, and two deaths, also, among 43 patients with pneumonia which was presumably pneumococcic although no pneumococci were recovered. 2.(2) The fatality rate was lower and the temperature fell more rapidly in the patients treated with aureomycin than in 686 patients previously treated by us with penicillin. 3.(3) It is concluded that aureomycin is at least as effective as penicillin in pneumococcic pneumonia.
Status of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase and its impact on cellular response to L-alanosine and methylmercaptopurine riboside in human soft tissue sarcoma cells.

The aim of this study was to examine the expression of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) in 21 fresh tumor samples from patients with soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and 11 human soft tissue sarcoma cell lines, and to determine if loss of expression of this enzyme was correlated with increased sensitivity to L-alanosine and/or 6-methylmercaptopurine. We used a polyclonal antibody to measure the expression of MTAP in soft tissue sarcoma cell lines and in fresh tumor samples. Transfection of the HT-1080 cell line with a plasmid containing the cDNA for the MTAP gene was also performed to generate cell lines for in vitro and in vivo comparative sensitivity studies. MTAP was not expressed in 8 of 21 fresh STS tumors. The expression of MTAP was also not detectable in 3 of the 11 soft tissue sarcoma cell lines (HT-1080, HS42, and M-9110). These three cell lines were more sensitive to L-alanosine, a potent inhibitor of de novo AMP synthesis, and to an inhibitor of de novo purine nucleotide synthesis, 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (MMPR). The IC 50 values for L-alanosine and MMPR were >20-fold lower in MTAP-deficient cells than in MTAP-positive cells. Restoration of MTAP into HT-1080 MTAP-deficient cells also led to decreased sensitivity to L-alanosine and MMPR. An in vivo study using HT-1080 cell tumors with and without MTAP expression confirmed that tumors lacking MTAP were more sensitive to L-alanosine than tumors expressing MTAP. These results provide the basis for selective therapy using inhibitors of de novo purine nucleotide synthesis such as L-alanosine or MMPR to treat patients with STS lacking this enzyme.
Efficient Data Fusion and Practical Considerations for Structural Identification

This chapter represents a partial summary of several presentations given as part of the associated short course at CISM. The primary topic is on the use of data fusion techniques in structural system identification. Here the data fusion concept means the bringing together of sensor measurements from different kinds of sensors measuring different dynamic response quantities to provide a more accurate estimate of the dynamic states as well as the improved identification of model parameters. Data fusion scenarios discussed include the situation when different sensors are either collocated or not. In the last section, some separate work related to practical challenges of damping estimation is examined using operational modal analysis in the context of driving frequencies caused by traffic on multi-span bridge structures.
Profile characteristics of fake Twitter accounts

In online social networks, the audience size commanded by an organization or an individual is a critical measure of that entity’s popularity and this measure has important economic and/or political...
Quantitative Finance in the Post Crisis Financial Environment

Mathematics and finance interrelated deeply in the last 60 years since Markowitz’s seminal work on portfolio selection theory in 1952. In the chapter I briefly explore some fundamental quantitative problems associated with five modern risk areas: the fair value of credit, debt, funding and capital risk, collectively known as XVA risk; operational risk, fair lending risk, financial crimes risk, and finally model risk. The problems analyzed fall both in the category of “old with exposed flaws” as well as “new and in search of new tools”. While it is not intended as a comprehensive list of all of the quantitative problems facing the industry today, however, these problems have emerged post-crisis and have found themselves on the top of many firm and regulatory agendas in many respects.
Desafíos De La Modernización De La Justicia En Tiempos Del Gobierno Abierto (Challenges of Judiciary Modernization in an Open Government Era)

Spanish Abstract: En la modernizacion de administraciones publicas, asistimos a una etapa de cambios en un contexto de Gobierno Abierto. En la modernizacion de la justicia, el contexto tambien importa. Modernizar la justicia hoy requiere cambios importantes, pero tambien ello implica importantes retos en la busqueda de la eficiencia judicial. Con base en recientes investigaciones sobre justicia y TIC, en este articulo hablamos en primer lugar de la modernizacion de las administraciones y la adopcion TIC, pasando a continuacion a hablar de la eficiencia judicial. Despues abordamos propiamente la modernizacion de la administracion de justicia, presentando retos como la capacitacion, el Big Data y el proceso judicial electronico y, finalmente, el re-diseno, apertura e Innovacion en la Justicia.English Abstract: In the modernization of public administrations, we are witnessing a phase of changes in an Open Government context. In any process of judiciary modernization, context is of great importance. The modernization of justice today requires major changes. This also implicates important challenges in the pursuit of judicial efficiency. Based on recent research on justice and ICT's, we find it necessary to talk about the modernization of administrations and the adoption of ICT's. In addition to this, we also discuss judicial efficiency. Furthermore, we take a step ahead to properly approach the modernization of the administration of justice to address challenges such as training, Big Data and the electronic judicial process, and finally the re-design, opening and innovation in the justice system.
Febrile Seizures and Face Emotion Recognition

Investigators at University-Hospital of Parma, Universities of Verona, Modena, and Bologna, Italy; and Epilepsy Clinic Las Condes, Santiago, Chile, studied facial emotion recognition ability in a group of 38 school-aged children with antecedent febrile seizures (FSs) and in an age- and sex-matched control group.
Effect on Rendement Napole genotype on metabolic markers in Ossabaw pigs fed different levels of fat

Summary We investigated effects of Rendement Napole (RN) genotype on metabolic markers in Ossabaw pigs fed diets with different levels of dietary fat. Thirty-two pigs, belonging to either the wild-type (WT, rn+/rn+) or carrier (CAR, RN−/rn+) genotypes (n = 16/genotype), were divided into two dietary groups, (high fat [HF] or low fat [LF]) diets, for 12 weeks (n = 8 pigs/genotype/diet) after which pigs were killed for gene expression analysis by RT-PCR. Feeding HF diet caused increased daily gain (ADG, p < .05) and final body weight (BW) (p < .05) in comparison with the LF diet (p < .05). Feed efficiency (gain:feed) was higher (p < .05) in pigs on the HF and was higher (p < .05) in CAR pigs compared to WT. There was genotype × diet interaction (p = .05) on final BW such that CAR animals on LF diet had the same final BW as animals of both genotypes on HF diet. Carrier pigs on LF diet had higher (p < .05) average daily gain and gain:feed than WT pigs. There was a trend (p < .08) for a higher feed consumption in pigs on the LF diet. Backfat thickness was higher (p < .01) in pigs on the HF diet. Serum triglyceride was higher (0.62 vs. 0.33 mg/dl, p < .01) in pigs on HF diet. Serum insulin was higher (p < .05) in CAR versus WT pigs (0.40 vs. 0.015 μg/ml). Pigs on the HF diet had a higher (p < .05) serum insulin compared to those on the LF diet (0.032 vs. 0.023 μg/ml). Carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1-alpha was higher (p < .05) in the longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus muscles of pigs on HF diet. Acyl-CoA oxidase I was elevated (p < .05) in the liver of pigs on HF diet. Fatty acid synthase was lower in the longissimus dorsi muscle, liver and mesenteric fat (p < .05) of carrier pigs. The RN gene regulates specific metabolic markers in the Ossabaw pigs.
Evidence for Haemosporidian Parasite Infections in Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri) Sampled in Alaska, USA during the Breeding Season

Abstract We assessed hematozoa infection in Spectacled Eiders (Somateria fischeri) at two areas in Alaska. No Haemoproteus or Plasmodium species were detected. Leucocytozoon prevalence was 6.5% for adults across sites and 41.9% for juveniles sampled in the Arctic, providing evidence for local transmission. All Leucocytozoon haplotypes were previously detected in waterfowl.
Public health workforce research in review: a 25-year retrospective.

Context The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation commissioned a systematic review of public health workforce literature in fall 2010. This paper reviews public health workforce articles published from 1985 to 2010 that support development of a public health workforce research agenda, and address four public health workforce research themes: (1) diversity; (2) recruitment, retention, separation, and retirement; (3) education, training, and credentialing; and (4) pay, promotion, performance, and job satisfaction. Evidence acquisition PubMed, ERIC, and Web of Science databases were used to search for articles; Google search engine was used to identify gray literature. The study used the following inclusion criteria: (1) articles written in English published in the U.S.; (2) the main theme(s) of the article relate to at least one of the four public health workforce research themes; and (3) the document focuses on the domestic public health workforce. Evidence synthesis The literature suggests that the U.S. public health workforce is facing several urgent priorities that should be addressed, including: (1) developing an ethnically/racially diverse membership to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse nation; (2) recruiting and retaining highly trained, well-prepared employees, and succession planning to replace retirees; (3) building public health workforce infrastructure while also confronting a major shortage in the public health workforce, through increased education, training, and credentialing; and (4) ensuring competitive salaries, opportunities for career advancement, standards for workplace performance, and fostering organizational cultures which generate high levels of job satisfaction for effective delivery of services. Conclusions Additional research is needed in all four thematic areas reviewed to develop well-informed, evidence-based strategies for effectively addressing critical issues facing the public health workforce.
A HEAT STRESS CLIMATOLOGY FOR OKLAHOMA

Steadman's apparent temperature is used to determine the distribution in space and time of stressful summertime conditions in Oklahoma. Health risk categories of apparent temperature are defined as...
Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Acute ischemic stroke is caused by a variety of mechanisms including cardiac embolism, atherosclerosis/thrombosis, intracranial atherosclerosis, or penetrating artery disease. The highly complex clinical manifestations of ischemia, which are often unique to the individual patient, the wide variety of medical conditions that often accompany stroke, and diverse anatomical and technical factors all combine to make each patient unique in terms of the endovascular approach to treatment.
The force-sensitive protein Ajuba regulates cell adhesion during epithelial morphogenesis

The reorganization of cells in response to mechanical forces converts simple epithelial sheets into complex tissues of various shapes and dimensions. Epithelial integrity is maintained throughout tissue remodeling, but the mechanisms that regulate dynamic changes in cell adhesion under tension are not well understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, planar polarized actomyosin forces direct spatially organized cell rearrangements that elongate the body axis. We show that the LIM-domain protein Ajuba is recruited to adherens junctions in a tension-dependent fashion during axis elongation. Ajuba localizes to sites of myosin accumulation at adherens junctions within seconds, and the force-sensitive localization of Ajuba requires its N-terminal domain and two of its three LIM domains. We demonstrate that Ajuba stabilizes adherens junctions in regions of high tension during axis elongation, and that Ajuba activity is required to maintain cell adhesion during cell rearrangement and epithelial closure. These results demonstrate that Ajuba plays an essential role in regulating cell adhesion in response to mechanical forces generated by epithelial morphogenesis.
Psammoma bodies in meningioma. Appearance by scanning electron microscopy.

Psammoma bodies from eight meningiomas have been examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bodies are primarily composed of calcium apatite which is deposited within a nidus of tightly laminated collagen fibers.
On the physical meaning of subsonic wavenumber truncation as applied to source identification on vibration structures

Wavenumber methods have been used to identify the supersonic portions of a vibrating structure that radiate to the farfield. To estimate the supersonic wave energy of a vibrating structure, the discrete Fourier transform can be used to determine the wavenumber spectrum which is then truncated above the acoustic wavenumber. The purely supersonic wavenumber spectrum can now be transformed back into the spatial domain to determine the vibration pattern associated only with the supersonic waves. Often, a cut-off coefficient associated with the acoustic wavenumber of the spatial radiation filter is used to reduce error. Equivalent spatial convolutions have also been formulated to obtain supersonic components of a vibrating pattern. This paper discusses the physical meaning of wavenumber truncation and its accuracy in identifying the surface areas of a vibrating structure that radiate sound. It is shown that truncating subsonic components of the vibration pattern will create non-physical vibration patterns which lie outside of the physical boundaries of the structure. Thus, subsonic wavenumber truncation methods may not be a reliable method for determining the radiated portions of a vibration pattern.Wavenumber methods have been used to identify the supersonic portions of a vibrating structure that radiate to the farfield. To estimate the supersonic wave energy of a vibrating structure, the discrete Fourier transform can be used to determine the wavenumber spectrum which is then truncated above the acoustic wavenumber. The purely supersonic wavenumber spectrum can now be transformed back into the spatial domain to determine the vibration pattern associated only with the supersonic waves. Often, a cut-off coefficient associated with the acoustic wavenumber of the spatial radiation filter is used to reduce error. Equivalent spatial convolutions have also been formulated to obtain supersonic components of a vibrating pattern. This paper discusses the physical meaning of wavenumber truncation and its accuracy in identifying the surface areas of a vibrating structure that radiate sound. It is shown that truncating subsonic components of the vibration pattern will create non-physical vibration patterns whic...
MR1-dependent antigen presentation

Abstract MR1 is a non-classical class I molecule that is highly conserved among mammals. Though discovered in 1995, only recently have MR1 ligands and antigens for MR1-restricted T cells been described. Unlike the traditional class I molecules HLA-A, –B, and –C, little MR1 is on the cell surface. Rather, MR1 resides in discrete intracellular vesicles and the endoplasmic reticulum, and can present non-peptidic small molecules such as those found in the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway. Since mammals do not synthesize riboflavin, MR1 can serve as a sensor of the microbial metabolome and could be key to the early detection of intracellular infection. This review will summarize the current understanding of MR1-dependent antigen presentation.
Part II Commentary 1: Mathematics Educators’ Perspectives on Spatial Visualization and Mathematical Reasoning

The chapter by Lowrie and Logan (this volume) on spatial visualization and mathematics reasoning stands out from the chapters written by the other mathematics education researchers, because Lowrie and Logan address the importance of spatial reasoning across a range of mathematics content areas, rather than restricting their focus primarily to measurement or geometry mathematics content. They propose that spatial reasoning is important for content across mathematics because it supports both internal encoding and external decoding of spatial representations through the use of graphics.
Recanalization of prostatic artery chronic total occlusion prior to prostatic artery embolization

Abstract Urinary obstruction secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia is a late manifestation of the disease, and a poor prognostic sign for responding to conservative therapies. Prostatic artery embolization – when performed successfully – can be an effective treatment for reducing obstructive urinary symptoms. Outlined in this report is the successful recanalization of a prostatic artery chronic total occlusion prior to embolization in an 89-year-old man with benign prostatic hyperplasia, who initially presented with urinary obstruction. Prostatic artery recanalization was possible using a specialized crossing technique from peripheral arterial disease interventions, and allowed for more distal embolization of the prostate gland. This technique may be useful when advanced atherosclerotic disease limits the feasibility and clinical success of prostatic artery embolization.
Human altered disturbance patterns and forest succession: impacts of competition and ungulate herbivory

Human activities are altering patterns of ungulate herbivory and wildfire regimes globally with large potential impacts on plant community succession and ecosystem resilience. Aspen (Populus tremuloides) is a keystone species which co-exists with conifer species across temperate forests in North America. Aspen sucker regeneration which is the foundation of aspen–conifer forests succession is often a targeted food source by multiple ungulate species. Using a region-wide exclosure network across a broad gradient of aspen–conifer overstory abundance, we empirically tested the effects of ungulate herbivory and conifer competition (that increases with fire suppression), on the regeneration and recruitment of aspen forests over a 4-year period. The study results indicate that ungulate herbivory and increasing abundance of overstory conifers dramatically reduced aspen regeneration and recruitment success. The average height of aspen suckers exposed to ungulate herbivory was 72% shorter than aspen suckers in fenced plots and resulted in 24% less recruitment. There was a 9% decrease in aspen recruitment and 12% decrease in average aspen height with every 20% increase in overstory conifer density. Aspen suckers were most vulnerable to herbivory at 70 cm height, with the probability of herbivory decreasing under 50 cm or above 90 cm. Steep slope angles and higher winter precipitation increased aspen regeneration and recruitment success. Reduction in aspen recruitment in response to ungulate herbivory and competition by conifers may result in loss of biodiversity, altered forest function and loss of key ecosystem services because of the important role that aspen plays in facilitating forest succession and biodiversity.
Dysbiosis patterns during re-induction/salvage versus induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia.

Acute leukemia (AL) patients undergoing intensive induction chemotherapy develop severe gut dysbiosis, placing them at heightened risk for infectious complications. Some AL patients will undergo “repeat therapy” (re-induction or salvage) due to persistent or relapsed disease. We hypothesized that prior injury to the microbiome during induction may influence dysbiosis patterns during repeat therapy. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the bacterial microbiome profiles of thrice-weekly stool samples from 20 intensively treated AL patients (first induction: 13, repeat therapy: 7) by 16S rRNA sequencing. In mixed-effects modeling, repeat therapy was a significant predictor of Enterococcus expansion (P = 0.006), independently of antibiotic exposure, disease type, feeding mode, and week of chemotherapy. Bayesian analysis of longitudinal data demonstrated larger departures of microbial communities from the pre-chemotherapy baseline during repeat therapy compared to induction. This increased ecosystem instability during repeat therapy possibly impairs colonization resistance and increases vulnerability to Enterococcus outgrowth. Microbiota restoration therapies at the end of induction or before starting subsequent therapy warrant investigation.
A FRET‐Based Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Ratiometric Detection of Cysteine in Mitochondria

We report a near-infrared fluorescent probe A for the ratiometric detection of cysteine based on FRET from a coumarin donor to a near-infrared rhodamine acceptor. Upon addition of cysteine, the coumarin fluorescence increased dramatically up to 18-fold and the fluorescence of the rhodamine acceptor decreased moderately by 45 % under excitation of the coumarin unit. Probe A has been used to detect cysteine concentration changes in live cells ratiometrically and to visualize fluctuations in cysteine concentrations induced by oxidation stress through treatment with hydrogen peroxide or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Finally, probe A was successfully applied for the in vivo imaging of Drosophila melanogaster larvae to measure cysteine concentration changes.
Total Synthesis of (-)-Cylindricine C.

(−)-Cylindricine C has been synthesized from commercially available (S)-(−)-1,2,4-butanetriol in 11 steps with an overall yield of 12%. The key step utilizes a CrCl2 reduction of an azide to form the corresponding amine with a subsequent double Michael addition to create the tricyclic skeleton of cylindricine from a monocyclic substrate.
Evaluation of automated erythrocyte methodology in new world camelids using the ADVIA 2120 hematology analyzer.

Background Accurate erythrocyte measurements with ADVIA hematology analyzers require isovolumetric cell sphering in one reaction and hemolysis in another. However, camelid erythrocytes are resistant to sphering and osmotic lysis, and no published evaluation of ADVIA methods for camelids exists. Objectives The objectives were to demonstrate whether camelid erythrocytes sphere in the ADVIA red blood cell/platelet (RBC/PLT) reagent and lyse in the ADVIA cyanide HGB reagent, and to determine optimal ADVIA settings for camelids. Methods Camelid and canine blood were diluted to 1:625 in RBC/PLT reagent and evaluated microscopically for erythrocyte sphering. A camelid sample was incubated with the hemoglobin (HGB) reagent at varying dilutions to evaluate hemolysis. The RBC, hematocrit (HCT), mean cell volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) using three ADVIA species settings (equine, bovine, and caprine) were compared to their respective reference methods: Z2 Coulter impedance counter, packed cell volume, calculated MCV (PCV × 10/Coulter RBC), and calculated MCHC (HGB × 100/PCV). Reference MCV was also compared to MCV calculated using the ADVIA equine RBC count. Comparisons were assessed using Passing-Bablok regression and Bland-Altman difference plots. Results Camelid erythrocytes did not sphere in the RBC/PLT reagent, but did lyse in the HGB reagent. The ADVIA equine setting RBC count was acceptably close to the Coulter count. Hematocrit, MCV, and MCHC from all settings were significantly different from the reference methods. Mean cell volumes calculated using the equine setting RBC counts were acceptably close to the reference MCV. Conclusions Camelid ADVIA erythrogram results should be reported as follows: RBC counts and HGB concentrations using the equine setting, spun PCVs, MCVs calculated using the PCV and equine setting RBC, and MCHCs calculated using the PCV and equine setting HGB.
Reconstruct missing pixels of Landsat land surface temperature product using a CNN with partial convolution

U.S. Landsat Analysis Ready Data (ARD) recently included the Land Surface Temperature (LST) product, which contains widespread and irregularly-shaped missing pixels due to cloud contamination or incomplete satellite coverage. Many analyses rely on complete LST images therefore techniques that accurately fill data gaps are needed. Here, the development of a partial-convolution based model with the U-Net like architecture to reconstruct the missing pixels in the ARD LST images is discussed. The original partial convolution layer is modified to consider both the convolution kernel weights and the number of valid pixels in the calculation of the mask correction ratio. In addition, the new partial merge layer is developed to merge feature maps according to their masks. Pixel reconstruction using this model was conducted using Landsat 8 ARD LST images in Colorado between 2014 and 2018. Complete LST patches (64x64) for two identical scenes acquired at different dates (up to 48 days apart) were randomly paired with ARD cloud masks to generate the model inputs. The model was trained for 10 epochs and the validation results show that the average RMSE values for a restored LST image in the unmasked, masked, and whole region are 0.29K, 1.00K, and 0.62K, respectively. In general, the model is capable of capturing the high-level semantics from the inputs and bridging the difference in acquisition dates for gap filling. The transition between the masked and unmasked regions (including the edge area of the image) in restored images is smooth and reflects realistic features (e.g., LST gradients). For large masked areas, the reference provides semantics at both low and high levels.
The MIRA Approach: Iterate to Stakeholder Agreement by Minimizing Decision Uncertainty

This chapter provides a detailed description of how iteration is used in the MIRA open solution approach to foster trans-disciplinary learning. This approach culminates in a consensus decision that is supported by a comprehensive evaluation of various types of uncertainty and how they relate to Decision Uncertainty. After performing the Baseline Run in Chap. 4, stakeholders are ready to proceed with further experimentation via iteration runs to better understand alternative rankings. This chapter describes those aspects of MIRA that makes it a practical open solution process. The process maximizes the use of these iterations until an analysis is produced with acceptable Decision Uncertainty, as determined by the stakeholders. The Gaia example used in Chap. 4 is expanded in Chap. 5 to illustrate the strategies and analysis methods used in a realistic MIRA application.
European Wool Carder Bee, Wool Carder Bee Anthidium manicatum (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

The European wool carder bee Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus) is a solitary, cavity-nesting bee species in the family Megachilidae (tribe Anthidiini), a family whose members include the mason and leaf cutter bees. Wool carder bees are so named because the female bee scrapes and collects the soft downy hairs (trichomes) of fuzzy plants to use in building a nest for her young. Some consider male wool carder bees very charismatic and enjoy watching them chase after other bees that invade their territory, while others would call them bullies based on male bees’ aggressive tendencies toward other bees when defending floral resources. This species has been called the most widely distributed unmanaged bee in the world (Strange et al. 2011) because of its expansive native and non-native range. This document describes its synonymy, distribution, description, life cycle and biology, hosts, economic importance, and includes selected references.Available on EDIS at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1274 Also available on the Featured Creatures website at http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/MISC/BEES/Anthidium_manicatum.html
Considerations for accurate inclusion of staff member body tracking in a top-down view virtual reality display of a scattered radiation dose map during fluoroscopic interventional procedures

The functionality of a real-time, top-down view virtual reality (VR) display of scattered radiation during fluoroscopic interventional procedures is being expanded to incorporate automatic input of staff member locations. Microsoft Kinect V2 depth sensing camera input was integrated into an open-source Robot Operating System (ROS) wrapper to facilitate automatic extraction of relative landmark body feature coordinates. Coordinates for the torso are selected to represent the staff member location in the selected plane of scatter; these coordinates are stored in a text file to be input into the real-time scatter display system (SDS). Accuracy of the depth sensing camera was evaluated using a pinhole camera model. This model was also implemented in an ROS wrapper to calibrate the Microsoft Kinect V2. Calibrated values were then implemented within a coordinate transformation algorithm which converts the physical distance measurements in the frame of the Kinect to normalized coordinates used in Matlab for visualization of the top-down horizontal plane of the interventional suite. Impact on real-time performance was evaluated for both staff member position update on-screen as well as for the update of SDS image frames.
Call us nurse champions: Lessons learned in strategic partnership with nurses in clinical research

This manuscript reports the perspectives of nurse managers who participated in a study at a regional medical center. The information is reported through verbatim comments that emerged through a discussion of “lessons learned”. Nursing comments are organized as the conversation flowed. The nurse managers that participated in a recently concluded study were most concerned about how any research study will affect their patients and how nurse workflow may be interrupted. Pre-established meeting times (huddles) worked best for education and training. Further, they suggested incentives may be effective; however, recognition as nurse champions and inclusion of nurse voice are preferred.
Significance of pre- and post- EFI data processing to enhance dynamic electrical fault isolation success

It is a common perception that electrical fault isolation (EFI) is the heart of a successful integrated circuit failure analysis workflow. Much effort to enhance EFI approaches is vested on improving optical resolution and system signal-to-noise in order to meet performance demands of advanced technologies. In fact, pre- and post-EFI data processing procedures are equally important and capable to influence the success of fault localization significantly. We describe three different analytical workflows applied on actual SOC memory failures to demonstrate this importance.
The Prospect for Political Liberalism in Non-Western Societies

This article assesses the prospects for the adoption of Rawls’s political liberalism in non-Western contexts. The argument centers on the religious resurgence in non-Western societies and presents an evaluation of the viability and acceptability of political liberal principles in the face of the normative, theoretical and practical challenges posed by this development. Political liberalism emerges as a significant theoretical and normative resource; nevertheless, the socio-political conditions in non-Western societies may fall short of satisfying the sociological requirements of political liberalism. A strong historical interpretation of Rawls’s sociological assumptions suggests that relatively younger and developing democracies where religious movements are in the ascendant, will have to wait centuries to live up to the social and moral standards of political liberalism. This article comes to a less negative conclusion. The normative arguments of political liberalism can rest on weaker sociological assumptions that do not require such a long period of time to emerge as Rawls appears to suppose. Indeed, the institution of a political liberal regime may be the condition of its own success, encouraging in its own right the necessary political reasonableness amongreligious views.
Disentangling the obesity paradox in upper gastrointestinal cancers: Weight loss matters more than body mass index.

Abstract Objectives The obesity paradox, whereby obesity appears to confer protection against cancer-related mortality, remains controversial. This has not yet been evaluated in upper gastrointestinal cancers. Designs We identified esophageal, cardia, and non-cardia gastric adenocarcinomas in the Veterans Health Administration between 2006–2016. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models evaluate the impact of BMI at- and prior to- cancer diagnosis on mortality, adjusting for demographics, clinical characteristics, weight loss, and clinical stage (early: T1B/2N0; locally advanced: ≥T2N+). Results We identify 1308 patients: 99 % male, median 66 years. In early disease, relative to BMI 30, BMI 18 and 20 at diagnosis had increased risk of death (HR 1.83, 95 %CI: 1.38–2.44 and HR 1.50, 95 %CI: 1.20–1.87, respectively, p 30 did not. In locally advanced disease, at diagnosis BMI 18 (HR 1.58, 95 %CI: 1.0001–1.48, p = 0.05), BMI 20 (HR 1.46, 95 %CI: 1.01–2.09, p = 0.04), and BMI 25 (HR 1.20, 95 %CI: 1.04–1.38, p = 0.01) had increased risk of death, but BMI > 30 did not. In models assessing premorbid BMI and weight loss, increasing amounts of weight loss were associated with mortality independent of BMI in early cancers. For locally advanced cancers, without weight loss, there was no association with death, regardless of BMI. Conclusion The predominant driver of mortality across clinical stages is weight loss. The obesity paradox appears to exist in early stage disease only. Future studies should investigate mechanisms for the obesity paradox, accompanying physiologic changes with weight loss preceding diagnosis, and if patients with low BMI and weight loss benefit from early nutritional support.
Dive into Single, Seek Out Multiple: Probing Cancer Metastases via Single-Cell Sequencing and Imaging Techniques

Metastasis is the cause of most cancer deaths and continues to be the biggest challenge in clinical practice and laboratory investigation. The challenge is largely due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of primary and metastatic tumor populations and the complex interactions among cancer cells and cells in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is important to determine the genotype and phenotype of individual cells so that the metastasis-driving events can be precisely identified, understood, and targeted in future therapies. Single-cell sequencing techniques have allowed the direct comparison of the genomic and transcriptomic changes among different stages of metastatic samples. Single-cell imaging approaches have enabled the live visualization of the heterogeneous behaviors of malignant and non-malignant cells in the tumor microenvironment. By applying these technologies, we are achieving a spatiotemporal precision understanding of cancer metastases and clinical therapeutic translations.
Quality of life among cancer survivors by model of cancer survivorship care

There were an estimated 16.9 million cancer survivors in the United States in 2019, but there is wide variation in survivorship care. Patient-reported outcomes associated with distinct care models ...
High Throughput Screening Cascade To Identify Human Aspartate N-Acetyltransferase (ANAT) Inhibitors for Canavan Disease.

Canavan disease (CD) is a progressive, fatal neurological disorder that begins in infancy resulting from a mutation in aspartoacyclase (ASPA), an enzyme that catalyzes the deacetylation of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) into acetate and aspartate. Increased NAA levels in the brains of affected children are one of the hallmarks of CD. Interestingly, genetic deletion of N-acetyltransferase-8-like (NAT8L), which encodes aspartate N-aceyltransferase (ANAT), an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of NAA from l-aspartate and acetyl-CoA, leads to normalization of NAA levels and improvement of symptoms in several genetically engineered mouse models of CD. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of ANAT presents a promising therapeutic strategy for treating CD. Currently, however, there are no clinically viable ANAT inhibitors. Herein we describe the development of fluorescence-based high throughput screening (HTS) and radioactive-based orthogonal assays using recombinant human ANAT expressed in E. coli. In the fluorescence-based assay, ANAT activity was linear with respect to time of incubation up to 30 min and protein concentration up to 97.5 ng/μL with Km values for l-aspartate and acetyl-CoA of 237 μM and 11 μM, respectively. Using this optimized assay, we conducted a pilot screening of a 10 000-compound library. Hits from the fluorescence-based assay were subjected to an orthogonal radioactive-based assay using L-[U-14C] aspartate as a substrate. Two compounds were confirmed to have dose-dependent inhibition in both assays. Inhibitory kinetics studies of the most potent compound revealed an uncompetitive inhibitory mechanism with respect to l-aspartate and a noncompetitive inhibitory mechanism against acetyl-CoA. The screening cascade developed herein will enable large-scale compound library screening to identify novel ANAT inhibitors as leads for further medicinal chemistry optimization.
Sex and Death

It is well known that reproduction entails an energy cost that translates into a decrease in longevity. In a Perspective, [Reznick and Ghalambor][1] review new findings ([SgrA³ and Partridge][2]) that demonstrate how reproduction affects mortality. The new study looks at the differences in death rates between "young" and "old" lines of flies (selected for a shorter and longer lifespan, respectively), which were able to lay eggs or were rendered sterile. Among egg-laying lines, young flies underwent a wave of mortality at the onset of aging that was not seen in the old lines. Abrogation of egg-laying capabilities resulted in similar mortality rates for the young and old lines. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/286/5449/2458 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/286/5449/2521
Lactate versus non-lactate metabolic acidosis: a retrospective outcome evaluation of critically ill patients

Acid–base abnormalities are common in the intensive care unit (ICU). Differences in outcome exist between respiratory and metabolic acidosis in similar pH ranges. Some forms of metabolic acidosis (for example, lactate) seem to have worse outcomes than others (for example, chloride). The relative incidence of each type of disorder is unknown. We therefore designed this study to determine the nature and clinical significance of metabolic acidosis in critically ill patients. An observational, cohort study of critically ill patients was performed in a tertiary care hospital. Critically ill patients were selected on the clinical suspicion of the presence of lactic acidosis. The inpatient mortality of the entire group was 14%, with a length of stay in hospital of 12 days and a length of stay in the ICU of 5.8 days. We reviewed records of 9,799 patients admitted to the ICUs at our institution between 1 January 2001 and 30 June 2002. We selected a cohort in which clinicians caring for patients ordered a measurement of arterial lactate level. We excluded patients in which any necessary variable required to characterize an acid–base disorder was absent. A total of 851 patients (9% of ICU admissions) met our criteria. Of these, 548 patients (64%) had a metabolic acidosis (standard base excess < -2 mEq/l) and these patients had a 45% mortality, compared with 25% for those with no metabolic acidosis (p < 0.001). We then subclassified metabolic acidosis cases on the basis of the predominant anion present (lactate, chloride, or all other anions). The mortality rate was highest for lactic acidosis (56%); for strong ion gap (SIG) acidosis it was 39% and for hyperchloremic acidosis 29% (p < 0.001). A stepwise logistic regression model identified serum lactate, SIG, phosphate, and age as independent predictors of mortality. In critically ill patients in which a measurement of lactate level was ordered, lactate and SIG were strong independent predictors of mortality when they were the major source of metabolic acidosis. Overall, patients with metabolic acidosis were nearly twice as likely to die as patients without metabolic acidosis.