cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of Clinicopathologic Variables Obtained at Admission and Effect of Antiendotoxin Plasma on Survival in Septic and Critically Ill Foals

This prospective study compared survival rates of critically ill and septic foals receiving 1 of 2 different types of commercial equine plasma and analyzed admission variables as possible predictors of survival. Standardized clinical, hematologic, biochemical, and hemostatic admission data were collected and foals received either conventional commercially available hyperimmune equine plasma or equine plasma specifically rich in antiendotoxin antibodies in a double-blinded, coded fashion. Sepsis was defined as true bacteremia or sepsis score >11. Overall survival rate to discharge was 72% (49/68). Foals that were nonbacteremic and demonstrated a sepsis score of 11 as a predictor of bacteremia were 74 and 52%, respectively. For the entire study population, a higher survival rate to discharge was documented for those foals receiving hyperimmune plasma rich in antiendotoxin antibodies (P = .012, odds ratio [OR] 6.763, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.311, 34.903). Administration of plasma rich in antiendotoxin antibodies also was associated with greater survival in septic foals (P = .019, OR 6.267, 95% CI: 1.186, 33.109). Statistical analyses demonstrated that, among 53 clinical and clinicopathologic admission variables, high sepsis score (P < .001), low measured IgG concentration (P = .01), high fibrinogen concentration (P = .018), low segmented neutrophil count (P = .028), and low total red blood cell numbers (P = .048) were the most significant predictors of overall mortality.
Quantum Web Pages and Multipartite Entanglement

With a suitable N party entangled state, one party can teleport a state so that any other party can retrieve it. I derive a large class of suitable states, show that most are not equivalent to the GHZ, and discuss their relationship to multipartite entanglement quantification.
Sustained delivery of MGF peptide from microrods attracts stem cells and reduces apoptosis of myocytes

Local release of drugs may have many advantages for tissue repair but also presents major challenges. Bioengineering approaches allow microstructures to be fabricated that contain bioactive peptides for sustained local delivery. Heart tissue damage is associated with local increases in mechano growth factor (MGF), a member of the IGF-1 family. The E domain of MGF peptide is anti-apoptotic and a stem cell homing factor. The objectives of this study were to fabricate a microrod delivery device of poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) hydrogel loaded with MGF peptide and to determine the elution profile and bioactivity of MGF. The injectable microrods are 30 kPa stiffness and 15 μm widths by 100 μm lengths, chosen to match heart stiffness and myocyte size. Successful encapsulation of native MGF peptide within microrods was achieved with delivery of MGF for 2 weeks, as measured by HPLC. Migration of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) increased with MGF microrod treatment (1.72 ± 0.23, p < 0.05). Inhibition of the apoptotic pathway in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes was induced by 8 h of hypoxia (1 % O2). Protection from apoptosis by MGF microrod treatment was shown by the TUNEL assay and increased Bcl-2 expression (2 ± 0.19, p < 0.05). Microrods without MGF regulated the cytoskeleton, adhesion, and proliferation of hMSCs, and MGF had no effect on these properties. Therefore, the combination microdevice provided both the mechanical cues and 2-week MGF bioactivity to reduce apoptosis and recruit stem cells, suggesting potential use of MGF microrods for cardiac regeneration therapy in vivo.
The Tensions Between Research and Intervention in Intergroup Conflict

One of the greatest problems facing the applied behavioral scientist is the conflict between intervening in a system in order to change it and collecting research data on the system and the impact of his intervention. The interventionist-as-researcher often experiences pressures from the system to ignore certain kinds of data, to avoid certain people, or to accept its own diagnosis of its problems and their solution. The researcher-as-interventionist must likewise deal with several problems: system members become' "subjects" rather than clients, unplanned interventions threaten the coherence of his research design, and field settings themselves often give rise to data collection and analysis difficulties. This case study reports an attempt to intervene in an intergroup relationship and explores two basic problems: the tensions between research and intervention, and the inadequacy of models of intervention into interpersonal conflict for effective management of intergroup conflict.
Low heat-flux measurements: Some precautions

Simple experiments are described for the purpose of illustrating measurement errors and their avoidance during use of Gardon or Schmidt-Boelter total heat flux sensors. These errors can assume serious proportions of the observed signal at flux levels below about 15 kW/m2. They result from two sources, both a consequence of the flux gage's temperature relative to its surroundings: firstly, convective heating of the gage by the boundary layer from hot surfaces surrounding it and second, heat exchange with the ambient environment by radiation and convection. Some proposals are made for standardizing measurement methods, but it seems unlikely that errors in measurement can be completely eliminated. It thus becomes important for users of experimentally derived data to understand the limitations which may exist in the data reported.
Architecting dynamic privileges in protected systems through hardening Identity and Access Management

Information sharing is a fundamental enabler in facilitating better business and security practices, where exchange of information automated. The goal is to design smart systems that monitor and control authorized data to propagate through between security domains to authenticated and authorized users, while removing unauthorized blocks as required by policy. The Department of Defense (DoD) and Federal Agencies have established an information strategy for their respective communities that implement the national level information sharing strategy. The inclusion of a comprehensive Identity and Access Management (IDAM) capability is a fundamental building block to address these strategies. Given that business and mission environments will transition to the use of virtual environments if only to achieve IT efficiencies, this paper discusses additional advantages inherent in virtual environments. If the security posture of the overarching enterprise relies on a layered defense strategy, the IDAM capabilities provide what may be a last line of defense for controlling access to critical enterprise information and resources. The study addresses the architecture, development, and implementation of IDAM capabilities in the Enterprise, as well as the required modification to function in a Cloud Environment.
A methodology for image-based tracking of seismic-induced motions

Previous experiences during earthquake events emphasize the need for new technologies for real-time monitoring and assessment of facilities with high value nonstructural elements such as equipment or other contents. Moreover, there are substantial limitations to our ability to rapidly evaluate and identify potential hazard zones within a structure, exposing rescue workers, society and the environment to unnecessary risks. A real-time monitoring system, integrated with critical warning systems, would allow for improved channeling of resources. Ideally such a system would acquire all relevant data non-intrusively, at high rates and resolution and disseminate it with low latency over a trusted network to a central repository. This repository can then be used by the building owner and rescue workers to make informed decisions. In recognition of these issues, in this paper, we describe a methodology for image-based tracking of seismically induced motions. The methodology includes calibration, acquisition, processing, and analysis tools geared towards seismic assessment. We present sample waveforms extracted considering pixel-based algorithms applied to images collected from an array of high speed, high-resolution charged-couple-device (CCD) cameras. This work includes use of a unique hardware and software design involving a multi-threaded process, which bypasses conventional hardware frame grabbers and uses a software-based approach to acquire, synchronize and time stamp image data.
Monte Carlo approaches to light nuclei: Structure and electron scattering

Abstract Significant progress has been made recently in the application of Monte Carlo methods to the study of light nuclei. We review new Green's function Monte Carlo results for the alpha particle, Variational Monte Carlo studies of 16O and methods for low-energy scattering and transitions. Through these calculations, a coherent picture of the structure and electromagnetic properties of light nuclei has arisen. In particular, we examine the effect of the three-nucleon interaction and the importance of exchange currents in a variety of experimentally measured properties, including form factors and capture cross sections.
Middle Management’s Strategic Influence and Organizational Performance†

This study investigated relationships between middle managers’ formal position, their strategic influence and organizational performance. Among the 259 middle managers represented in the study, managers with formal positions in boundary–spanning sub–units reported higher levels of strategic influence activity than others. At the organizational level of analysis, the study found that firm performance was associated with more uniform levels of downward strategic influence, and more varied levels of upward influence among middle management cohorts. The findings suggest that middle managers’ strategic influence arises from their ability to mediate between internal and external selection environments. In addition, positive effects on organizational performance appear to depend on: (1) whether the overall pattern of upward influence is conducive to shifts in the network centrality of individual managers; and (2) whether the pattern of downward influence is consistent with an appropriate balance between the organization’s need for control and flexibility.
On the number of solutions of boundary value problems with convex nonlinearities

where Q is a bounded connected open set in Rn and the nonlinearity f (w, X) is convex or superlinear in w (Eqs. (2) and (3) below). Our results describe rather general conditions under which (1) does not have three solutions uo ) u1 , u2 which satisfy 0 < uo(x) < ul(x) < uz(x) for all x E Q unless f(zu, X) is affine (i.e., linear but not necessarily homogeneous) in w. The basic technique of the proof is similar to that used by Krasnosel’skii [l, Sec. 31 for nonlinear operators in partially ordered Banach spaces; see also [l, Sec. 7.1.111. In order to apply these techniques to (l), we need to assume a condition which is satisfied if the boundary X? is sufficiently smooth (see [2] and Propositions 1 and 2). A special case of our result, proved in a different way, and an application are given by Fujita [3] for -L = d (the Laplacian), Dirichlet boundary conditions, and f(w, x) = ew. A similar result for two point boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations has been obtained by Moore and Nehari [4]; they and also Ullrich [5] give applications. Note that iff(0, X) and g(x) are identically zero on Q, then (1) has the trivial nonnegative solution u(x) E 0. Our result shows that any linearly ordered set of solutions of (1) contains at most two nonnegative solutions. The equation Au + /\eu = 0 inside the unit ball in three dimensions with u = 0 on the boundary [6, p. 3611 furnishes
Simulating force-induced conformational transitions in polysaccharides with the SMD replica exchange method.

Conventional steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations do not readily reproduce equilibrium conditions of atomic force microscopy (AFM) stretch and release measurements of polysaccharides undergoing force-induced conformational transitions because of the gap between the timescales of computer simulations (∼1 μs) and AFM measurements (∼1 s). To circumvent this limitation, we propose using the replica exchange method (REM) to enhance sampling during SMD simulations. By applying REM SMD to a small polysaccharide system and comparing the results with those from AFM stretching experiments, we demonstrate that REM SMD reproduces the experimental results not only qualitatively but quantitatively, approaching near equilibrium conditions of AFM measurements. As tested in this work, hysteresis and computational time of REM SMD simulations of short polysaccharide chains are significantly reduced as compared to regular SMD simulations, making REM SMD an attractive tool for studying forced-induced conformational transitions of small biopolymer systems.
Playing by the new subsidy rules: capital subsidies as substitutes for sectoral subsidies

Abstract In a small, open economy characterized by an increasing-returns sector and foreign-owned capital, a sector-specific instrument generally is needed to achieve the optimum. A capital subsidy alone can be used for decentralization, however, when the optimal production plan is specialization in the externality-generating activity. The effect of a capital subsidy on home income and its distribution depends on the pattern of production and the share of domestic capital that is foreign owned. In a diversified economy, a subsidy benefits capital owners, harms labor and raises national income only if foreign capital ownership is sufficiently small. In a specialized economy, a subsidy may raise national income even if all domestic capital is foreign owned and, if it does, both labor and capital owners gain. Thus, a capital subsidy may be an attractive replacement for sector-specific subsidies proscribed by international agreements.
A simple method for determining the relative activities of individual peroxidase isozymes in a tissue extract

Abstract A peroxidase specific zymogram staining procedure has been designed which not only locates peroxidase isozymes which have been resolved electrophoretically, but simultaneously estimates the relative activity of each peroxidase isozyme in the system under study. This quantitative assay of individual peroxidase isozymes is chronometric; the time required for the appearance of a peroxidase band is inversely proportional to its activity. By recording the time required for the appearance of each peroxidase isozyme in a tissue extract, the percent contribution each isozyme makes toward the total peroxidatic activity of that tissue can readily be determined.
Induction of an interdigitated gel phase in fully hydrated phosphatidylcholine bilayers

Abstract Several surface active small molecules induce an unusual phase in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) suspensions. In this phase, the lipid hydrocarbon chains from apposing monolayers interpenetrate or interdigitate. A structural analysis by X-ray diffraction shows that with incorporation of the drug chlorpromazine, the bilayer thickness, or lipid headgroup separation, in DPPC liposomes is only 30 A, which is about 20 A smaller than two fully-extended DPPC molecules. This interdigitated phase may be a more general phenomenon than previously believed, as several other molecules, both charged and uncharged, such as tetracaine and benzyl alcohol, can cause the lipid hydrocarbon chains to interpenetrate.
Lester Lees and Hypersonic Aerodynamics

Six decades after theWright Brothers’ e rst airplane e ight, technology had advanced to a level that made hypersonic e ight achievable. This incredible feat required major developments in aerodynamics, propulsion, structures, materials, and control systems. One of the pioneers in the development of hypersonic aerodynamics was Lester Lees, a noted teacher and researcher at Princeton University and the California Institute of Technology. Lees advanced the knowledge base in hypersonic aerodynamics with work on boundary layers and heat transfer, e ow over ramps, cones, and blunt bodies, and the development of blunt-nosed reentry vehicles. He also made great progresstoward thematurationofthekinetictheory ofgases.TheadvancesmadebyLeesandhisstudentsenabled, to a great degree, the development of hypersonic e ight programs and the U.S. space program. To commemorate theseevents, this paper presents a brief biographical sketch of Lester Lees including someanecdotes about his life, presents his work in various e elds of engineering, and discusses his contributions to hypersonic aerodynamics.
Integration of HF/VHF antennas on a compact UAS equipped with a radar depth sounder for ice sounding

Ice-sheet models are necessary to understand changes being observed in Greenland and Antarctica, and predict ice sheets' response in a warming climate. Information on ice thickness, bed topography and basal conditions is required to accurately model ice dynamics. Most of the rapid changes are taking place around ice-sheets' margins with fast-flowing outlet glaciers. These areas are very rough and contain warm ice with debris and other inclusions, and thus low frequency radars are required to minimize volume scatter. Also these radars must have a 2-D aperture synthesis capability to reduce surface scatter from extremely rough surface because the surface and volume scatter can mask weak echoes from the ice-bed interface. Therefore, a UAS that can fly on a closed-spaced lines in the cross-track direction for synthesizing a 2-D aperture is needed. In view of this, we have developed a compact UAS, G1X with 5.3 m wingspan, equipped with a 2-kg radar. The onboard radar operates at 14 MHz and 35 MHz with bandwidths of about 1 MHz and 4 MHz, respectively. The G1X carries two separate antennas integrated conformally onto its wings. Because of the small platform, it was extremely challenging to integrate the long-wavelength antennas as well as the onboard metallic mechanical structures, electronics boxes and wirings. Managing electromagnetic interference between avionics and radar systems also requires close collaboration in aircraft system and payload system design in a small UAS. In our presentation, we will first describe our radar system and platform and then we will focus on the design and implementation of the HF/VHF antennas for UAS integration. During the UAS operation in the field, we have characterized the radar antennas inflight and data collected were used to optimize the antenna bandwidths and thus the radar data quality. Radar echograms collected before and after the antenna optimization will be presented for comparison. Finally, we will show ice-sheet thickness data collected during remote-controlled and autonomous flights as part of the science mission near the Whillans ice stream in West Antarctica during the Winter 2013 field season.
Regulation of humoral immunity by FoxP3+ regulatory T cells.

FoxP3+ T cells play critical roles in the regulation of B-cell function and humoral immune response. FoxP3+ T cells migrate to the T and B zones of lymphoid organs and the border area between the two areas. Not only can FoxP3+ T cells suppress B cells directly, but they also suppress B-cell response indirectly through suppressing T-helper cells. Suppression of T-helper or B cells by FoxP3+ T cells results in limited activation and proliferation of B cells. Consequentially, class-switch recombination and antibody production in B cells are suppressed by FoxP3+ T cells. Furthermore, FoxP3+ T cells can kill activated B cells directly. FoxP3+ T cells can suppress both autoreactive B cells and antibody responses to foreign antigens. The suppressive activity of FoxP3+ T cells is regulated by cytokines, costimulators and products of pathogens and normal microflora (i.e., Toll-like receptor ligands), which may allow selective regulation of immune responses to self-antigens and commensals versus pathogens by FoxP3+...
Economic theory and international migration.

The modern literature on the economics of immigration focuses on 3 related issues: 1) what determines the size and skill composition of immigrants flows to any particular host country; 2) how do the immigrants adapt to the host countrys economy; and 3) what is the impact of immigrants on the host countrys economy? This article reviews the theoretical framework and empirical evidence provided by the economics literature on these questions. It demonstrates that the economic approach using the assumption that migration behavior is guided by the search for better economic opportunities and that the exchanges among the various players are regulated by an immigration market leads to substantial insights in to these issues. (authors)
A discipline's experiment in higher education: a report on the TLGG project

Abstract The project on Teaching and Learning in Graduate Geography (TLGG) has been developed as a consortium of sixteen departments of geography in the United States to improve the preparation of geography graduate students for college teaching. This report describes the project, assesses the evidence available thus far as to its success, and describes completed and continuing research on the context and consequences of the project.
A System Dynamics Model for Conjunctive Management of Water Resources in the Snake River Basin

The Pacific Northwest is expected to witness changes in temperature and precipitation due to climate change. In this study, we enhance the Snake River Planning Model (SRPM) by modeling the feedback loop between incidental recharge and surface water supply resulting from surface water and groundwater extraction for irrigation and provide a case study involving climate change impacts and management scenarios. The new System Dynamics-Snake River Planning Model (SD-SRPM) is calibrated to flow at Box Canyon Springs located along a major outlet of the East Snake Plain Aquifer. A calibration of the model to flow at Box Canyon Springs, based on historic diversions (1950-1995) resulted in an r2 value of 0.74 and a validation (1996-2005) r2 value of 0.60. After adding irrigation entities to the model an r2 value of 0.91, 0.88, and 0.87 were maintained for modeled vs. observed (1991-2005) end-of-month reservoir content in Jackson Lake, Palisades, and American Falls, the three largest irrigation reservoirs in the system. The scenarios that compared the impacts of climate change were based on ensemble mean precipitation change scenarios and estimated changes to crop evapotranspiration (ET). Increased ET, despite increased precipitation, generally increased surface water shortages and discharge of springs. This study highlights the need to develop and implement models that integrate the human-natural system to understand the impacts of climate change.
Non-Barreled Dense β-φ Subspaces

Abstract A sequence space S with its strong β( S , φ) topology is called a βφ space [W. H. Ruckle, Pacific J. Math. 42 (1972), 235-249], where φ is the space of eventually zero sequences. The familiar Banach sequence spaces are βφ spaces, and all barrelled subspaces thereof are necessarily βφ subspaces; when does the converse hold? Our answer differs from Ruckle′s symmetric case [ Canad. J, Math. 37 (1985), 235-249] and settles his recent questions with discovery of non-barrelled dense βφ subspaces of l 1 . Their images under the canonical isometry from l 1 onto bv 0 prove to be (non-barrelled dense) βφ subspaces of bv 0 . In contrast, every βφ subspace of c 0 or l p (1 p all dense subspaces of l ∞ are βφ subspaces, some non-barrelled. These and other of our results are vital in joint papers with Ruckle that extend and unify classical sectional convergence/multiplier theorems, where we prove: Let R be a dense βφ subspace 〈 of either l ∞ or c 0 〉 ( of bv 0 ). An AD space S that is FK or βφ has 〈 unconditional AK 〉 ( AK ) if and only if RS ⊂ S or RS ⊂ S , respectively .
Evolution of L-phenylalanine biosynthesis in rRNA homology group I of Pseudomonas.

Group I pseudomonads exhibit diversity for L-phenylalanine biosynthesis that is a basis for separation of two subgroups. Subgroup Ib (fluorescent species such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, or P. putida) possesses an unregulated overflow pathway to Lphenylalanine, together with a second, regulated pathway. Subgroup Ia (non-fluorescent species such as P. stutzeri, P. mendocia, or P. alcaligenes) possess only the regulated pathway to L-phenylalanine. Thus, subgroup Ia species lack an unregulated isozyme of chorismate mutase and arogenate dehydratase, enzymes which are thought to divert chorismate to L-phenylalanine under conditions of high carbon input into aromatic biosynthesis. A priori the overflow pathway could have been either lost in subgroup Ia or gained in subgroup Ib. Since Group V pseudomonads (mainly Xanthomonas) are known to branch off from the Group I lineage at a deeper phylogenetic level than the point of divergence for subgroups Ia and Ib, the presence of the overflow pathway in Group V pseudomonads reveals that the overflow pathway must have been lost in the evolution of subgroup Ia. All Group I species possess a bifunctional protein (P-protein) which catalyzes both chorismate mutase and prephenate dehydratase reactions. In subgroup Ia species this highly conserved protein must be the sole source of prephenate to be used for tyrosine biosynthesis. Thus, the channeling action of the P-protein whereby chorismate is committed towards L-phenylalanine formation can be negated by selective feedback inhibition exerted by L-phenylalanine upon the prephenate dehydratase component of the P-protein. Diversion of prephenate molecules under the latter conditions towards L-tyrosine comprises a channel-shuttle mechanism. Such an essential role of the P-protein chorismate mutase for both tyrosine and phenylalanine formation is supported by the observation that stringent phenylalanine auxotrophs lacked the prephenate dehydratase activity but not chorismate mutase activity of the P-protein.
Effect of Drought on the Western Painted Turtle, Chrysemys picta belli, in a Small Wetland Ecosystem

Abstract Middle Findley Lake, a small watershed located on the Turnbull Wildlife Refuge in Washington, dried up late in the summers of 1987 and 1988. Water remained in the lake in 1989. Population size of the western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta belli) decreased by approximately 70 percent following two years drought, with indications that both mortality and emigration contributed to this reduction. Growth of individual turtles was markedly suppressed during the second drought year when compared to the first year of recovery, but not to the point that the average sizes of cohorts were affected.
The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus

The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus is undoubtedly one of the most significant medical texts ever discovered. It is of particular interest to neurosurgeons because of its specific references to ancient neurosurgical cases and is the first written record of many terms of neurosurgical interest. This review describes the colorful and controversial history of the Edwin Smith Papyrus and gives translations of four cases of neurosurgical interest.
A role for genomic instability in cellular radioresistance

Inherent cellular radioresistance plays a critical role in the failure of radiotherapy. Although the consequences of radioresistance are well known, the molecular, biological, and cellular bases of radioresistance remain a mystery. We propose that genomic instability, the increased rate of acquisition of alterations in the mammalian genome, can directly modulate cells' sensitivity to radiation. In particular, destabilization of chromosomes occurring as a consequence of genomic instability may result in enhanced ‘plasticity of the genome’. This increased plasticity of the genome allows cells to better adapt to changes in local environment(s) during tumor progression, or improve cell survival following exposure to DNA damage encountered during radiotherapy protocols, thereby contributing to radioresistant cell populations found in tumors both before and after radiotherapy.
The formation of large-grain CuInSe 2 films by selenization by high-rate Se transport under moderate vacuum conditions

A novel method for forming large-grain CuInSe2 thin films by the reaction of In and Cu with Se inside a sealed ampoule is presented. A Se source and a selenization precursor consisting of a co-evaporated In+Cu film deposited onto an alumina substrate were placed at opposite ends of a closed quartz crucible sealed at 100 Torr. By establishing a small thermal gradient between the ends of the ampoule, Se was transported to the precursor where selenization of the In-Cu layer occurred. The maximum substrate temperature used was 475°C. Resulting film microstructures were extremely well formed, consisting of 3 to 5 μm grains of densely packed CuInSe2 crystallites. It is suggested that such enhanced grain growth may be the result of the preferential formation of the Serich liquid, L3, under conditions of high Se flux. Such a mechanism may be exploited for fabricating large-grain CuInSe2 films at temperatures compatible with substrates-of-choice in solar cell manufacturing.
Energetics of gating at the apo-acetylcholine receptor transmitter binding site.

Acetylcholine receptor channels switch between conformations that have a low versus high affinity for the transmitter and conductance for ions (R↔R*; gating). The forward isomerization, which begins at the transmitter binding sites and propagates ∼50 A to the narrow region of the pore, occurs by approximately the same sequence of molecular events with or without agonists present at the binding sites. To pinpoint the forces that govern the R versus R* agonist affinity ratio, we measured single-channel activation parameters for apo-receptors having combinations of mutations of 10 transmitter binding site residues in the α (Y93, G147, W149, G153, Y190, C192, and Y198), e (W55 and P121), or δ (W57) subunit. Gating energy changes were largest for the tryptophan residues. The αW149 energy changes were coupled with those of the other aromatic amino acids. Mutating the aromatic residues to Phe reduces the R/R* equilibrium dissociation constant ratio, with αY190 and αW149 being the most sensitive positions. Most of the mutations eliminated long-lived spontaneous openings. The results provide a foundation for understanding how ligands trigger protein conformational change.
When is going green good for company image

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the conditions under which US consumers, known for their “green” skepticism, are more (less) likely to respond favorably to a firm's environmental initiative in today's marketplace.Design/methodology/approach – The research paper investigates whether the general positive impact derived from the implementation of societal initiatives found by other researchers carries over when specific environmental initiatives are put into operation. The authors test hypotheses related to consumer responses to information about a firm's environmental initiative with varied salience of its public‐ and self‐serving motives. Next, they test how consumer responses are affected by the level of perceived sincerity associated with a firm's environmental initiative. The role of brand commitment is also examined across both studies.Findings – The results reveal that consumers use a rather skeptical approach when interpreting a firm's environmental initiative and that these respons...
A Displacement based optimization for nonlinear frame structures

An extension of the displacement based optimization method to frames with geometrically nonlinear response is presented. This method, when applied to trusses with linear and nonlinear response, provides a substantial reduction in computational time for design optimization. The efficiency of the method is due to the elimination of numerous finite element analyses that are required in using the traditional optimization approach. For frame problems, the number of degrees of freedom is typically larger than the number of cross sectional area design variables leading to difficulties in the implementation of the method compared to the truss implementation. A scheme that relaxes the nodal equilibrium equations is introduced, and the method is validated using test examples. The optimal designs obtained by using the displacement based optimization and the classical approaches are compared to demonstrate the computational efficiency of the method for frame structures.
The effects of maternal parenting style and religious commitment on self-regulation, academic achievement, and risk behavior among African-American parochial college students

This study explored relations between religiosity, both parent and student, and maternal parenting style and student academic self-regulation, academic achievement, and risk behavior among African-American youth attending a parochial college. Eighty-five students completed self-report survey measures of religiosity, self-regulation, academic achievement, and risk behavior. Participants also completed youth report measures of parental religiosity and perceived maternal parenting style. Correlational analyses show authoritative parenting to be associated with high levels of academic performance and study skills. Additional correlations revealed that highly religious students tend to perform well academically, study better, and engage in fewer risk behaviors than youth less committed to religion. Although no direct relations were observed between parenting style and student religiosity, maternal parenting style was found to moderate relations between parental and student religiosity. Findings are discussed in terms of their relevance to the population studied.
Pipelines of Pork Japanese Politics and a Model of Local Opposition Party Failure

The Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) has dominated Japanese politics since 1955, and the party’s even greater dominance of subnational level elections is much of the reason why. This article seeks to...
Romanticism, introspection, and the roots of experiential consumption: Morris the Epicurean

(1997). Romanticism, introspection, and the roots of experiential consumption: Morris the Epicurean. Consumption Markets & Culture: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 97-163.
Dietary cholesterol exacerbates hepatic steatosis and inflammation in obese LDL receptor-deficient mice

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, can progress to steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced liver disease. Mechanisms that underlie this progression remain poorly understood, partly due to lack of good animal models that resemble human NASH. We previously showed that several metabolic syndrome features that develop in LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR−/−) mice fed a diabetogenic diet are worsened by dietary cholesterol. To test whether dietary cholesterol can alter the hepatic phenotype in the metabolic syndrome, we fed LDLR−/− mice a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diabetogenic diet (DD) without or with added cholesterol (DDC). Both groups of mice developed obesity and insulin resistance. Hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hepatic triglyceride, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations were greater with DDC. Livers of DD-fed mice showed histological changes resembling NAFLD, including steatosis and modest fibrotic changes; however, DDC-fed animals developed micro- and macrovesicular steatosis, inflammatory cell foci, and fibrosis resembling human NASH. Dietary cholesterol also exacerbated hepatic macrophage infiltration, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Thus, LDLR−/− mice fed diabetogenic diets may be useful models for studying human NASH. Dietary cholesterol appears to confer a second “hit” that results in a distinct hepatic phenotype characterized by increased inflammation and oxidative stress.
Longevity and Mortality in Down's Syndrome.

The life span of individuals with DS has gradually increased since the 1920s. The DS individual now has an average life expectancy of 35 years. Despite advances in the health care of the retarded and improvements in the quality of institutional care, the overall mortality rate remains elevated by five-fold. Specific mortality rates from respiratory diseases (particularly pneumonia), infectious diseases, congenital heart disease, leukaemia and neurological disorders are still substantially increased. Disorders of immunological functioning, particularly T-cell mediated, appear related to this increased vulnerability, although further research is necessary. The periods of highest risk are during infancy, when congenital heart disease, leukaemia and respiratory diseases are most lethal, and late adulthood, when Alzheimer-type dementia and declining immunological function appear to be significant factors.
Monsoon: a dataflow computing architecture suitable for intelligent control

Intelligent control is the fusion of artificial intelligence, conventional control theory, and operations research. The Monsoon dataflow multiprocessor is a parallel, general-purpose computer which is under construction at MIT in cooperation with Motorola Inc. The Monsoon system is briefly described, and a simple extension to the Monsoon token queues is proposed to permit preemptive scheduling of time-critical tasks and to make the system suitable as an intelligent control execution vehicle. >
Stable, Nanoscale Glycosphingolipid Films for Use in Sensing Applications

We have developed a means of producing thin, oriented lipid monolayers which are stable under repeated washing and which may be useful in biosensing or surface- coating applications. Phosphotidylcholine (PC) and the glycosphingolipid (GSL) GM1 were used as representative lipids for this process. Initially, a mixed self-assembled monolayer of octanethiol and hexadecanethiol was constructed on a clean gold surface. This hydrophobic surface was then brought into contact with a thin lipid layer that had been deposited at the air/liquid interface of a solution by evaporating a mixture of lipid in hexane on top of a layer of water. The lipid layer, now deposited on the gold surface, was then heated to cause intercalation of the fatty acid and alkanethiol chains, and cooled to form a highly stable film which withstood repeated rinsing and solution exposure. Presence and stability of the film was confirmed via ellipsometry, FTIR, and QCM, with an average overall thickness of ∼3.5 nm. These films may be potentially useful in biotoxin detection or as a protein resistant layer for the prevention of biofouling.
The Effect of Ground Soybeans on the Cold Storage Quality of Eggs

Abstract EXPERIMENTS have been conducted at the Delaware Station for a number of years on ground soybeans as a feed for laying pullets. The primary object of the experiments was to determine whether ground soybeans could efficiently replace to any extent the animal protein feeds used to balance the laying ration. Reports by Sherwood (1928), Walker, Berry, and Anderson (1929), and Kempster (1930), of the detrimental effect of cottonseed meal in the laying ration on the keeping quality of eggs in cold storage, have suggested a study of the effect of ground soybeans in the laying ration upon the storage quality of eggs. Kempster (1930) found that when 30 percent of ground soybeans were fed in the laying mash, eggs laid in July did not keep well in storage, although eggs laid during April apparently kept well. In the study here reported none of the rations contained over 10.4 percent ground . . .
The effect of two alternative arm supports on shoulder and upper back muscle loading during pipetting.

Objective: Pipetting involves static upper arm positions with the pipette held away from the body for sustained periods of time, putting increased musculoskeletal load on the shoulder and upper back. This study explores the effect of using two alternative arm supports while pipetting on muscle loading in the shoulder/neck region. Participants: 15 experienced pipette users participated in this study. Methods: In a repeated-measures design, participants performed simulated pipetting in a laboratory setting under three arm support conditions: (1) a gel pad on the work surface, (2) a freely-moving counter-balanced forearm support, and (3) no support (control). Surface electromyography (EMG) of the anterior deltoid and upper trapezius muscles were recorded, as well as productivity and subjective usability. Results: Both arm support conditions resulted in significantly lower mean muscle activity of the anterior deltoid and upper trapezius muscles ( p< 0.001) and significantly higher subjective comfort ratings ( p< 0.001) compared to the control condition. The freely moving forearm support resulted in significantly lower peak muscle activity in the anterior deltoid compared to the control condition ( p< 0.001). Productivity was not affected by the arm supports. These findings suggest that arm support may be beneficial in reducing muscle loading and improving comfort in the shoulder and upper back during pipetting. Future studies are needed to measure the impact of these arm supports in the workplace.
A Serial Rapist Treated With Behavioral and Cognitive Techniques and Followed for 12 Years

This article describes a serial rapist treated in a sexual abuse clinic, then followed for 12 years. Following a discussion of the patient’s offending and personal history, an account is presented of the assessment and treatment techniques employed with such dangerous offenders. Because community safety is an issue in such treatment, a variety of methods were utilized to ensure safety both during and after treatment. While this patient appeared to benefit from treatment and apparently remained offense-free during follow-up, it cannot be assumed that all such cases can be treated with such facility. Indeed, while pedophiles and exhibitionists have been successfully treated using similar techniques, the treatment of rapists remains controversial and results are not as sanguine as this case would indicate. Treatment outcome data for all sexual offenders, and for rapists in particular, are presented throughout the discussion.
Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the yeast Matα2 repressor enables a switch in developmental state

Developmental transitions in eukaryotic cell lineages revolve around two general processes: the dismantling of the regulatory program specifying an initial differentiated state and its replacement by a new system of regulators. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms by which a previous regulatory state is inactivated. Protein degradation is implicated in a few examples, but the molecular reasons that a formerly used regulator must be removed are not understood. Many yeast strains undergo a developmental transition in which cells of one mating type differentiate into a distinct cell type by a programmed genetic rearrangement at the MAT locus. We find that Matα2,a MAT-encoded transcriptional repressor that is key to creating several cell types, must be rapidly degraded for cells to switch their mating phenotype properly. Strikingly, ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of α2 is required for two mechanistically distinct purposes: It allows the timely inactivation of one transcriptional repressor complex, and it prevents the de novo assembly of a different, inappropriate regulatory complex. Analogous epigenetic mechanisms for reprogramming transcription are likely to operate in many developmental pathways.
ST-segment depression and myocardial contractility during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Purpose To evaluate myocardial contractility during ST segment depression in healthy parturients during Cesarean section (CS).
Feedback Stabilization and Tracking of Constrained Robots

Mathematical models for constrained robot dynamics, incorporating the effects of contact forces required to maintain satisfaction of the constraints, are used to develop explicit conditions for stabilization and tracking using feedback. The control structure allows feedback of displacements, velocities and the contact forces. Global conditions for tracking based on a modified computed torque controller are presented. These conditions provide a guarantee that the closed loop controlled robot is stable when performing tasks defined by the specified constraints.
GIS and biogeochemical models for examining the legacy of forest disturbance in the Adirondack Park, NY, USA

Abstract Human dominance over the spatial patterns of nitrogen (N) cycling in forested ecosystems of the northeast United States is regulated through the locally variable legacy of historic forest disturbance, and the regionally variable effects of chronic atmospheric N deposition. In order to effectively use ecosystem models to understand the combined influence of these perturbations, the level of detail, or resolution, of input data must be carefully matched to the scale of analysis. By interpreting historic accounts of anthropogenic forest disturbances in the Adirondack Park between 1860 and 1916 into GIS models, we developed two realistic disturbance history scenarios of differing resolution. Using these models, we found predictions of present-day N cycling obtained from an ecosystem process model, PnET-CN, to be sensitive to the resolution of century-old disturbance input data. PnET-CN predictions obtained using the higher-resolution (more complex) disturbance scenario produced significantly different predictions of N cycling for selective-cut versus clear-cut disturbance regimes. Our experience with the combined use of GIS and a biogeochemical model suggests that the development of spatially explicit disturbance history information from historic accounts may enable future research to: (1) develop more precise quantitative disturbance history inputs at appropriate resolutions for ecosystem process models, and (2) more adequately characterize field-testable differences in old-growth, selective-cut, and clear-cut disturbance regimes.
Molecular and cytogenetic characterization of 9p- abnormalities.

We report on 2 girls with terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 9 with concurrent duplication unrecognizable by routine chromosome studies. The phenotype of the patients was not specifically suggestive of the 9p– syndrome in the absence of trigonocephaly and long philtrum as cardinal manifestations. In addition to psychomotor retardation, their manifestations were mild and include upward slant of palpebral fissures and dolichomesophalangy which are characteristic of del(9p). Chromosome abnormalities were de novo in both cases. The two rearranged chromosomes 9 exhibit similar G-banding patterns and suggested the possible duplication of distal 7p. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a chromosome-7 specific library probe indeed identified that one derivatie chromosome 9 was the result of a translocation between chromosomes 7 and 9 [der(9)t(7;9)(p15.3;p24)] but failed to detect a signal on the other derivative 9. In the second case, the concurrent abnormality was an inverted duplication of proximal 9p and deletion of distal 9p [invdup(9)(p13p22::p22qter)] confirmed by FISH using a chromosome 9 specific librarayprobe. FISH clearly identified the origin of these 2 abnormal choromosomes 9 and provided crucial information for clinical evaluation We emphasize the importance of utilizing updated cytogenetic and molecular techniques in the precise delineation of subtle or complex abnormalities where there are no useful phenotypic clues. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.