cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Depression Among Recovered-Depressed and Never-Depressed Individuals

Research on lay beliefs about depression has shown that recovered-depressed people evaluate their own depressive experiences as more distressing than do those who have never experienced major depression. This study tested whether history of depression would influence beliefs about others' experiences of depression. Recovered-depressed (n = 63) and never-depressed adults (n = 64) completed the Self-Appraisal Questionnaire (R-SAQ; J.C. Coyne & M.M. Calarco, 1995) revised to address perceptions of others' experiences of depression. History of depression was not associated with R-SAQ scores. In supplementary analyses, self-reported depression proneness was also uncorrelated with perceptions of others' depression. People without a history of major depression were just as likely to recognize the highly debilitating nature of depression for others. Although nondepressed people frequently fail to convey empathy to friends or relatives who are depressed, this failure probably does not reflect lack of knowledge that depression is incapacitating.
Towards an inexact semantic complex event processing framework

Complex event processing (CEP) deals with detecting real-time situations, represented as event patterns, from among an event cloud. The state-of-the-art CEP systems process events as plain data tuples and are limited to detect precisely defined patterns. Emerging application areas like optimization in smart power grids require CEP to incorporate semantic knowledge of the domain for easier pattern specification, and detect inexact patterns in the presence of uncertainties. In this paper, we present motivating use cases, discuss limitations of existing CEP systems and describe our work towards an Inexact Semantic Complex Event Processing (InSCEP) framework.
Donor heart preservation with a novel hyperpolarizing solution: superior protection compared with University of Wisconsin solution.

Abstract Objectives: A donor heart preservation solution was designed to use hyperpolarized arrest with the adenosine triphosphate–sensitive potassium-channel opener pinacidil. This solution contained concentrations of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, lactobionate, and the buffer histidine specifically chosen to minimize intracellular calcium accumulation associated with prolonged ischemia. Methods: Twenty-four rabbit hearts were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 preservation solutions in a crystalloid-perfused Langendorff model: (1) prototype solution containing a 0.5 mmol/L concentration of pinacidil, (2) prototype solution without pinacidil as control, and (3) University of Wisconsin solution. Thirty minutes of initial perfusion preceded baseline data acquisition. Data comprised left ventricle pressure-volume curves generated by inflating an intraventricular latex balloon. After cardioplegic administration, hearts underwent 4 hours of hypothermic storage, followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion and postischemic data acquisition. Results: Postischemic developed pressure was better preserved by pinacidil solution (92.4% ± 4.5%) than by the control (74.9% ± 3.4%, P = .01) and University of Wisconsin solutions (66.7% ± 5.1%, P = .001). Diastolic negative dP/dT was better preserved by pinacidil solution (104.4% ± 10.2%) than by the control (80.2% ± 4.2%, P = .034) and University of Wisconsin solutions (71.7% ± 7.0%, P = .015). Diastolic compliance, expressed as baseline/postischemic diastolic slope ratios, was more poorly preserved by University of Wisconsin solution (0.67 ± 0.07) than by the pinacidil (0.88 ± 0.05, P = .041) and control solutions (0.87 ± 0.05, P = .021). Postischemic coronary flow was higher in hearts exposed to pinacidil solution (77.8% ± 3.0%) than in those exposed to the control (66.8% ± 2.4%) and University of Wisconsin solutions (70.9% ± 4.0%, P = .07). Conclusions: The superiority of the pinacidil solution in this experiment demonstrated that hyperpolarized arrest with potassium-channel openers improves donor heart preservation when administered in a novel histidine-buffered lactobionate-enriched vehicle. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;120:746-54)
R2O: Relation to Ontology Transformation System

Ontology represents a data source at a higher level of abstraction. Extracting metadata from an autonomous data source and transforming it into source ontology is a tedious and error prone task because the metadata are either incomplete or not available. The essential metadata of a source can be extracted from its data. Our proposed methodology extracts the essential metadata from the data through reverse engineering. In addition, it comprises a set of transformation rules that transform extracted metadata into ontology. The transformation system R2O has been implemented. The evaluation of the proposed transformation is based on two factors, namely (a) correct identification and transformation of metadata and (b) preservation of information capacity. The research has been evaluated through experimental results and mathematical proof. The evaluation shows that the transformation is total and injective, and it preserves information capacity.
Modeling and Computer Simulation of the Compressional Behavior of Fiber Assemblies: Part II: Hysteresis, Crimp, and Orientation Effects

In this study, the model presented in Part I is used to investigate phenomena related to the compression of fiber assemblies that are not accounted for by van Wyk's theory of the uniaxial compressi...
WE-A-M100J-01: ACR Application Process: Pitfalls to Avoid

This presentation will discuss the phantom physics tests required for ACR CT Accreditation. In particular it will focus on pitfalls to avoid in setting up the special ACR CT Phantom and performing the tests. In order to successfully complete all 0of the imaging tests, it is helpful to understand the internal construction of the ACR Phantom and it proper use. To that end, the details of the ACR CT Phantom construction will be presented. The most frequent failure is improper alignment of the phantom. Helpful methods of proper phantom alignment will be presented with examples of correct and incorrect images. Another area of difficulty is determining and implementing appropriate “Axial” CT scan protocols as substitutes for “Helical” protocols. Examples for several different types of CT scanners (multiple detector row) and different manufacturers will be presented. The ACR CT Phantom has 4 different imaging sections; the proper scanning of each of these sections will be presented. Commonly seen problems in imaging these sections will be presented. Finally, the radiation dose measurement process required for the ACR Physics submission will be discussed, again with commonly observed problems.
Role of Bradykinin in Protection of Ischemic Preconditioning in Rabbit Hearts

Bradykinin receptor activation has been proposed to be involved in ischemic preconditioning. In the present study, we further investigated the role of this agent in preconditioning in both isolated and in situ rabbit hearts. All hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of regional ischemia followed by reperfusion for 2 hours (in vitro hearts) and 3 hours (in situ hearts). Infarct size was measured by tetrazolium staining and expressed as a percentage of the size of the risk zone. Preconditioning in situ hearts with 5 minutes of ischemia and 10 minutes of reperfusion significantly reduced infarct size to 10.2 +/- 2.2% of the risk region (P < .0005 versus control infarct size of 36.7 +/- 2.6%). Pretreatment with HOE 140 (26 micrograms/kg), a bradykinin B2 receptor blocker, did not alter infarct size in nonpreconditioned hearts (40.6 +/- 5.3% infarction) but abolished protection from ischemic preconditioning (34.1 +/- 1.6% infarction). However, when HOE 140 was administered during the initial reflow period following 5 minutes of ischemia, protection was no longer abolished (15.6 +/- 3.9% infarction versus 13.3 +/- 3.8% without HOE 140, P = NS). Bradykinin infusion in isolated hearts mimicked preconditioning, and protection was not affected by pretreatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester or the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin but could be completely abolished by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors polymyxin B and staurosporine as well as by HOE 140. HOE 140 could not block the protection of ischemic preconditioning in isolated hearts. That failure was apparently due to the absence of blood-borne kininogens rather than autonomic nerves. When the preconditioning stimulus in the in situ model was amplified with four cycles of 5-minute ischemia/10-minute reperfusion, HOE 140 pretreatment could no longer block protection (infarct size was 10.7 +/- 3.5% versus 6.4 +/- 2.0% without HOE 140, P = NS). We propose that bradykinin receptors protect by coupling to PKC as do adenosine receptors, and blockade of either receptor will diminish the total stimulus of PKC below threshold and prevent protection. A more intense preconditioning ischemic stimulus can overcome bradykinin receptor blockade, however, by simply enhancing the amount of adenosine and possibly other agonists released.
Neural mechanisms for the production of cyclic motor patterns

A new dye-sensitized photoinactivation technique was used to remove cells from small networks so as to allow the study of central pattern generation in the lobster stomatogastric ganglion is described. This ganglion, containing only 30 neurons, produces two cyclic patterns. The pyloric and the gastric, when completely deafferented. Both patterns are found to utilize both cellular properties and synaptic network interactions to generate their respective rhythms. Reciprocal inhibition, synaptically activated membrane potential oscillations, and an endogenously bursting cell are shown to be responsible for generating the pyloric rhythm. A hypothesis is suggested, based on a simplified gastric circuit, to explain the generation of the four-phase gastric rhythm. Several preliminary tests of this hypothesis are also discussed.
Robust antireflection coatings By UV cross-linking of silica nanoparticles and diazo-resin polycation

Antireflection coatings have been fabricated by self-assembly using silica nanoparticles. The ionic self-assembled multilayer (ISAM) films are tightly packed and homogeneous. While the geometric properties of a matrix of spherical particles with corresponding void interstices are highly suitable to meet the conditions for minimal reflectivity, it is also a cause for the lack of cohesion within the constituent body, as well as to the substrate surface. This study investigates methods for improving the interconnectivity of the nanoparticle structure. One such method involves UV curing of diazo-resin (DAR)/silica nanoparticle films, thereby converting the ionic interaction into a stronger covalent bond. Factorial analysis and response surface methods are incorporated to determine factors that affect film properties, and to optimize their optical and adhesive capabilities. The second study looks at the adhesive strength of composite multilayer films. Films are fabricated with silica nanoparticles and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and dipped into aqueous solutions of PAH and poly(methacrylic acid, sodium salt) (PMA) to improve cohesion of silica nanoparticles in the matrix, as well as binding strength to the substrate surface. The results of the two studies are discussed.
The effect of tryptophan on nucleocytoplasmic translocation of RNA in rat liver

Abstract The effect of the administration of tryptophan on the transport of nuclear poly(A)-containing mRNA to the cytoplasm in rat liver was investigated. Administration of tryptophan to fasted rats pretreated with cordycepin and actinomycin D led to decreased levels of nuclear poly(A)-mRNA and a concomitant increase in the levels of polyribosomal poly(A)-mRNA in the cytoplasm as determined by measuring in vivo incorporation of labeled precursors into hepatic RNA. Using isolated hepatic nuclei of rats prelabeled in vivo with [14C]orotic acid, there was greater release of labeled poly(A)-mRNA into the incubation medium from nuclei of tryptophan-treated rats than from nuclei of control animals. The increased release of RNA from hepatic nuclei of tryptophan-treated animals was not related to the cell sap present in the media since cell saps from livers of control and experimental rats gave similar results. These results support earlier findings which suggest that in the rat tryptophan increases the rate of translocation of hepatic poly(A)-mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm.
Combination chemotherapy of MOPP‐resistant Hodgkin's disease with adriamycin, bleomycin, dacarbazine and vinblastine (ABDV)

Twenty-four patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease, resistant to the MOPP regimen, were treated with a combination of Adriamycin, bleomycin, dacarbazine and vinblastine (ABDV). Fifteen (63%) achieved objective remission, 14 partial remissions and one complete remission. The median duration of remission in this group of patients was 6.5 months; four of the 15 patients are still in remission (8+, 8+, 9+, 10+ months). Objective remission occurred rapidly within 1.5 months. Regression was evident in disease within nodes, lung, liver and bone. Toxic manifestations caused by ABDV were well tolerated and reversible. In one patient death was directly attributed to drug toxicity. This combination has produced a better rate and duration of remission than that reported with single agent chemotherapy in MOPP-resistant patients with Hodgkin's disease. In our hands, ABDV did not equal the recent results reported with Bleomycin-CCNU-Velban in a seemingly similar group of patients.
Is an HIV vaccine achievable? - Pros

The development of an HIV/ AIDS vaccine has been a long and difficult endeavor, which so far was met with a great many failures. New, recent advances may however change the deal. The RV144 clinical trial in Thailand showed that a canarypox-gp120 prime-boost vaccination regimen had a modest 31% efficacy at 42 months after vaccination, but protection was as high as 60% at 6 months after vaccination. A series of new trials is expected to take place in the near future to try to improve these numbers using a more potent vector than canarypox, gp140 rather than gp120, a water-in-oil adjuvant rather than aluminium salts, and increasing the number of booster immunizations. Protection in the RV144 trial correlated with the induction of antibodies (Ab) to the V2 region of gp120, not with neutralizing Abs. A major difficulty met in the development of an efficacious HIV vaccine has indeed been to design proper immunogens able to elicit broadly neutralizing Abs (bnAbs) that can neutralize a wide range of circulating virus strains. BnAbs are highly protective, as demonstrated by passive immunization experiments and by vectored immunoprophylaxis experiments using AAV as a vector in animal models such as macaques or humanized mice. Their efficacy in humans should be tested soon in upcoming clinical trials. On another hand, the report that monkeys immunized with a simian CMV-SIV vaccine can clear SIV infection following viral challenge has emphasized the importance of self-renewing, long-lasting memory TEM cells that can differentiate into specific effector T cells and control provirus activation, eventually resulting in the clearance of infection. A HIV vaccine that could elicit both a bnAb response and the formation of specific TEM cells would obviously be an ideal vaccine. It might even offer hopes for a cure of HIV infection when used therapeutically in HIV-infected persons. The development of such a vaccine is still long and difficult but may not to be an unrealistic goal.
An Application of the Blin-Whinston Algorithm for Resolving Fuzzy Group Preferences

Important decisions regarding governmental expenditures for the public welfare require accurate assessment of preferences of the citizenry as one input. Often, strong disagreement exists regarding relative merit of various projects competing for limited resources. This paper proposes a procedure for establishing a complete social preference ordering on the set of alternative projects when the group preference is fuzzy because of individual differences. An extension of current algorithms is developed-and applied to a problem concerning public preferences for expenditures on civic projects in Houston, Texas. One thousand male and female heads-of-household were interviewed in depth to determine their preferences for investment among forty-one projects in the areas of social services, business and job development, public transportation, arts and leisure, and education. A complete preference order for group decision was obtained for a situation in which significant disagreement exists among group members and where funding is limited.
Problems in chemotaxonomy: The influence of varying soil conditions, of geographical and individual variants upon the distribution of certain substances in chromatographed extracts ofmonarda fistulosa

The effect of growing a clone ofMoranda fistulosa, in different soil conditions upon their chromatographic patterns is tested. Several plants of a single clone were grown in soils of different compositions. Extracts of leaves were chromatographed for aglycones and glycosides after two and seven months of growth. The resulting chromatographs showed that there was no significant variation of distinguishing compounds.
A New Imaging Method for Arterial Tubes Based on Vibration Measurement

A new method for imaging and detecting modal shapes of vessels is introduced. Theory is developed that predicts the measured velocity is proportional to the value of the mode shape at the focal point of the ultrasound beam. Experimental a cylindrical gel phantom of large radius. This model simulates approximately a large artery and the surrounding body. The fundamental frequency was measured 83 Hz for the tube-phantom system. At this frequency the ultrasound transducer was scanned across the vessel plane with velocity measurement at one single point on the vessel and on the phantom by laser. The images obtained show clearly the interior tube and the modal shape of the tube.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Which Object Comes Next? Grounded Order Completion by a Humanoid Robot

This paper describes a framework that a robot can use to complete the ordering of a set of objects. Given two sets of objects, an ordered set and an unordered set, the robot’s task is to select one object from the unordered set that best completes the ordering in the ordered set. In our experiments, the robot interacted with each object using a set of exploratory behaviors, while recording feedback from two sensory modalities (audio and proprioception). For each behavior and modality combination, the robot used the feedback sequence to estimate the perceptual distance for every pair of objects. The estimated object distance features were subsequently used to solve ordering tasks. The framework was tested on object completion tasks in which the objects varied by weight, compliance, and height. The robot was able to solve all of these tasks with a high degree of accuracy.
Evangelicalism, Social Identity, and Gender Attitudes Among Women:

Although some scholars have demonstrated that labor force participation leads to more egalitarian gender role attitudes among women, recent research has reported that this relationship is attenuated among evangelical women. This latter study suggested that evangelical women in the labor force retain their traditional gender role attitudes on family roles. This study offers one explanation for this result: Many evangelical women in the labor force retain their identity as homemakers. Moreover, although nonevangelical women who enter the labor force adopt an identity as a working woman, many evangelical women already hold such an identity before they enter the labor force. This suggests that they experience less of a change in their social identity when they enter the labor force, and that the identity of working woman has a different meaning for evangelical women than for nonevangelical women.
Determinants of schooling returns during transition: Evidence from Chinese cities

Abstract This paper uses 1988 and 1995 data from a national household survey to study across-region dispersions and changes over time in returns to education for a large number of Chinese cities and to analyze the determinants of schooling returns during economic transition. On average, the estimated rates of return at the city level increased from 3.1 to 5.1% between these two years and the dispersion widened significantly. During the same period, the gender earnings gap increased and the returns to experience and Communist membership rose sharply. Individual cross section and city-level panel data suggest that the presence of foreign and joint-venture firms, market job search channels, and information infrastructure contributed to increased returns to education. However, the size of the state sector constrained schooling returns. Journal of Comparative Economics 33 (2) (2005) 244–264.
A Historical Overview of Classroom Teacher Observation

(1975). A Historical Overview of Classroom Teacher Observation. The Educational Forum: Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 238-247.
BIOSYNTHESIS AND ASSEMBLY OF MUREIN LIPOPROTEIN IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

The cell envelope of gram-negative enteric bacteria consists of three morphologically and functionally distinct layers: the inner cytoplasmic membrane, the murein or peptidoglycan layer, and the outer membrane at the external surface.’ The difference in the protein composition of the cytoplasmic and outer membranes is reflected both in the SDS polyacrylamide gel profiles and in the distinct enzyme localization.’ The outer membrane contains a number of major proteins, one of which is the murein lipoprotein discovered by Braun and his coworkers.’ The primary translation product of lipoprotein mRNA is a precursor protein, the prolipoprotein, which differs biochemically from the mature murein lipoprotein in several ways.‘ Consequently, a number of post-translational modifications of prolipoprotein must take place prior or subsequent to its translocation to the site of cellular localization, the outer membrane of the cell envelope.’,6 These modifications include (1) the proteolytic removal of the signal peptide containing 20 extra amino acids at the NH,-terminus of prolipoprotein; (2) the transfer of the glyceryl moiety from phosphatidylglycerol to the SH-group of cysteine in apolipoprotein’; (3) acylation of glycerylcysteine to form diglyceride-cysteine; (4) N-acylation of the NH,terminal cysteine; and (5 ) the joining of free form lipoprotein to the murein sacculus. The over-all pathway of the biosynthesis and assembly of murein lipoprotein is schematically summarized in FIGURE 1. Very little is known about the nature and the subcellular localizations of the lipid precursors and the putative enzymes participating in this series of biochemical reactions. Nor has it been established whether any of these modifications is related to the process of assembly of lipoprotein into the outer membrane and into the murein sacculus. Using both biochemical and genetic approaches, we have studied two aspects of lipoprotein assembly in some detail, i.e. the biosynthesis of the covalently linked lipid moiety in lipoprotein, and the necessity, if any, of the removal of the signal peptide in the assembly of lipoprotein.
State law and influenza vaccination of health care personnel

Nosocomial influenza outbreaks, attributed to the unvaccinated health care workforce, have contributed to patient complications or death, worker illness and absenteeism, and increased economic costs to the health care system. Since 1981, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended that all HCP receive an annual influenza vaccination. Health care employers (HCE) have adopted various strategies to encourage health care personnel (HCP) to voluntarily receive influenza vaccination, including: sponsoring educational and promotional campaigns, increasing access to seasonal influenza vaccine, permitting the use of declination statements, and combining multiple approaches. However, these measures failed to significantly increase uptake among HCP. As a result, beginning in 2004, health care facilities and local health departments began to require certain HCP to receive influenza vaccination as a condition of employment and annually. Today, hundreds of facilities throughout the country have developed and implemented similar policies. Mandatory vaccination programs have been endorsed by professional and non-profit organizations, state health departments, and public health. These programs have been more effective at increasing coverage rates than any voluntary strategy, with some health systems reporting coverage rates up to 99.3%. Several states have enacted laws requiring HCEs to implement vaccination programs for the workforce. These laws present an example of how states will respond to threats to the public's health and constrain personal choice in order to protect vulnerable populations. This study analyzes laws in twenty states that address influenza vaccination requirements for HCP who practice in acute or long-term care facilities in the United States. The laws vary in the extent to which they incorporate the six elements of a mandatory HCP influenza vaccination program. Four of the twenty states have adopted a broad definition of HCP or HCE. While 16/20 of the laws require employers to "provide," "arrange for," "ensure," "require" or "offer" influenza vaccinations to HCP, only four states explicitly require HCEs to cover the cost of vaccination. Fifteen of the twenty laws allow HCP to decline the vaccination due to medical contraindication, religious or philosophical beliefs, or by signing a declination statement. Finally, three states address how to sanction noncompliant HCPs. The analysis also discusses the development of a model legal policy that legislators could use as they draft and revise influenza prevention guidelines in health care settings.
Simulation analysis of financial risks for three vegetable crops in Hawaii

Historical data on yields, input and output prices of three vegetable crops in Hawaii are analyzed. Appropriate theoretical probability distributions are fitted to these data to capture their randomness for profit simulation. Stochastic dominance analysis is then performed using the simulated profit data to rank the profitability of the three crops. Under the assumption that the producer is risk averse, growing lettuce appears to be more preferable to head cabbage, and head cabbage more preferable to mustard cabbage.
A sequence of dependent stages in the development of Dictyostelium discoideum.

Abstract Eleven marker enzymes which accumulate during discrete stages of development in Dictyostelium discoideum were followed in two independent temperature-sensitive mutant strains. Strain TS2 has a temperature-sensitive period during aggregation and remains as a smooth lawn at the nonpermissive temperature (27°C). It develops normally at 22°C. Strain DTS6 has a temperature-sensitive lesion in the post-aggregation stage and fails to form slugs at 27°C. Early enzymes accumulate in these strains at the nonpermissive temperature but late stage-specific enzymes fail to accumulate at 27°C. The pattern of accumulation of specific enzymes in these and other morphological mutants defines a linear dependent pathway of at least eight steps which determines temporal differentiation in this organism. Development in Dictyostelium is also dependent on environmental cues which determine the onset of differentiation and the preparation for culmination.
A Statistical Method for the Determination of Absorption Rate Constant Estimated Using the Rat Single Pass Intestinal Perfusion Model and Multiple Linear Regression

The guide “Waiver of In Vivo Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies for Immediate Release Solid Dosage Forms Containing Certain Active Moieties/Active Ingredients Based on a Biopharmaceutical Classification System” (Rockville, MD: CDER, 2000) outlined non-in vivo tests of permeability that may satisfy the classification of a compound in the biopharmaceutical classification system. However, absent from that document were specific statistical methods to legitimatize the non-in vivo tests. This report describes the appropriate statistical treatment of absorption data, and recommends its adoption in the estimation of absorption and/or permeability measurements. The calculation of the absorption rate constants (ka) of ten compounds by a new multiple linear regression (MLR) method was completed after the separate perfusion of each compound through the rat single pass intestinal perfusion model (n = 3 rats per compound). Studentized residuals were evaluated to determine whether any statistically significant outliers were present in the data. The standard error of ka was estimated using variance components from the random effects model. The results were compared with the “traditional method” for ka calculations. Although both methods produced similar values of ka, the MLR method's error estimate included multiple components of variability, which was largely ignored by the traditional method. The MLR method provided objective tests for outliers and achievement of steady-state. A preferred method for the statistical analysis of absorption data was demonstrated. These methods should be applied to all forms of permeability measurements, especially the non-in vivo measurements that classify a compound in the biopharmaceutical classification system. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmaceutical Association J Pharm Sci 91:1046–1053, 2002
Preferred order random kinetic mechanism for homoserine dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli (Thr-sensitive) aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase-I: equilibrium isotope exchange kinetics.

Abstract Isotope exchange kinetics at chemical equilibrium have been used to investigate the kinetic mechanism of homoserine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.3) of the (Thr-sensitive) aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase-I multi-functional enzyme from E. coli. For the reaction ( l -ASA+NADPH+H+ = l -Hse+NADP+), at pH 9.0, 37°C, Keq = 100 (±20). Under these conditions, the rate for exchange of [14C]- l -homoserine (Hse) ⇄ l -aspartate-β-semialdehyde (ASA) is nearly twice that for the [3H]-NADP+ ⇄ NADPH exchange. This indicates that covalent interconversion between reactants and products bound in the active site cannot be rate-limiting. Upon variation of the concentrations of all four substrates in constant ratio at equilibrium (to minimize dead-end complex formation), the Hse⇄ASA exchange increased smoothly toward a maximum. In contrast, the NADP+ ⇄ NADPH exchange rate increased to a maximum value at partial saturation, then decreased to approximately half the maximum rate. These data are consistent with a preferred-order random kinetic mechanism in which the dominant pathway involves association of NADPH prior to l -ASA and dissociation of l -Hse prior to NADP+.
Improving ServicMarket Imperfections and the Targets-Instrument Approach to Financial Services Regulation

Services are generally thought to be less tangible to consumers than physical goods, a trait which may create communication diffculties for sellers of service products. To accommodate the special nature of service products and the generally greaterper ceived risk associated with them, many scholars argue that services marketers need to stress factual information in their adver tisements. While this perspective has been advanced for years, little empirical research has been conducted to examine its adoption by practitioners. In this article we investigate the extent to which the advertisers of services emphasise specifically suggested factual information cues in their messages. Over 17,000 newspaper ads and 9,800 television ads were scrutinized to reveal that services advertisements do indeed provide various proposed factual cues and that their incidence increases as ser vice products become more intangible in nature.
Population dynamics coded in DNA: genetic traces of the expansion of modern humans

Abstract It has been proposed that modern humans evolved from a small ancestral population, which appeared several hundred thousand years ago in Africa. Descendants of the founder group migrated to Europe and then to Asia, not mixing with the pre-existing local populations but replacing them. Two demographic elements are present in this “out of Africa” hypothesis: numerical growth of the modern humans and their migration into Eurasia. Did these processes leave an imprint in our DNA? To address this question, we use the classical Fisher–Wright–Moran model of population genetics, assuming variable population size and two models of mutation: the infinite-sites model and the stepwise-mutation model. We use the coalescence theory, which amounts to tracing the common ancestors of contemporary genes. We obtain mathematical formulae expressing the distribution of alleles given the time changes of population size . In the framework of the infinite-sites model, simulations indicate that the pattern of past population size change leaves its signature on the pattern of DNA polymorphism. Application of the theory to the published mitochondrial DNA sequences indicates that the current mitochondrial DNA sequence variation is not inconsistent with the logistic growth of the modern human population. In the framework of the stepwise-mutation model, we demonstrate that population bottleneck followed by growth in size causes an imbalance between allele-size variance and heterozygosity. We analyze a set of data on tetranucleotide repeats which reveals the existence of this imbalance. The pattern of imbalance is consistent with the bottleneck being most ancient in Africans, most recent in Asians and intermediate in Europeans. These findings are consistent with the “out of Africa” hypothesis, although by no means do they constitute its proof.
Prolonged generalized epileptic seizures triggered by breath-holding spells

We report a 3-year-old female with anoxic-epileptic seizures. Beginning at 11 months of age, she had repeated breath-holding spells with transition into generalized tonic-clonic seizures or status epilepticus. Interictal electroencephalography exhibited no abnormalities. A multidisciplinary diagnostic approach revealed a severely disturbed mother-daughter relationship that was the trigger of the breath-holding spells. Psychotherapy for the mother and daughter led to cessation of the breath-holding spells and, consequently, of the anoxic-epileptic seizures. Her further development was largely normal. We discuss the etiology and treatment of anoxic-epileptic seizures. This case is the first reported case of anoxic epileptic seizures that responded to psychologic rather than antiepileptic treatment. We advocate an initial psychologic assessment to help determine the appropriate treatment in children with recurrent anoxic-epileptic seizures.
Adenylyl cyclase activation by halide anions other than fluoride

Abstract Adenylyl cyclase of rat liver and fat cells is activated by chloride, bromide, and iodide in addition to fluoride, previously believed to be uniquely effective among the halide anions. Liver homogenates are activated approximately 6 fold by fluoride while chloride and bromide increase cyclase by 3 fold and iodide about 2 fold. Optimal concentrations of chloride, bromide and iodide are about 100 times higher than those required for activation by fluoride. The cyclase of fat cell ghosts is activated some 9 fold by fluoride, but the other halide anions produced effects very similar in magnitude to those seen with liver, although for fat the optimally effective concentrations were lower. These observations appear to relate adenylate cyclase to a number of other anion activated enzymes, some of which have already been studied in pure form by a number of physico-chemical techniques, and which may serve as models for understanding the action of fluoride and other anions on adenylyl cyclase.
The illusion of delayed incentives: evaluating future effort--money transactions

In many real-world situations, consumers must evaluate future transaction opportunities in which money will be awarded for the performance of effort or for providing a service. In a marketing setti...
Women's Leisure: Affiliation, Self-Determination, Empowerment and Resistance?

Abstract Because of leisure's relationship to the quality of life, mental health, and development, access to or opportunity for leisure has been the topic of much study. This research has shown that women across cultures face numerous constraints to leisure—both material and ideological. Leisure is a context of women's oppression and exploitation. However, oppression or hegemony “is never complete, always in the process of being reimposed, and always capable of being resisted” (Weiler, 1988). Indeed leisure, which is defined by relative freedom and rolelessness, may not only be a realm of cultural reproduction but also a context for women's empowerment and cultural resistance. This research explored that question. It was found that the female gender role was not only reproduced in leisure (leisure as affiliation) but also challenged (leisure as self-determination). In self-determined leisure women were empowered to resist falsifying, but also to regain or create, their sense of themselves.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Brief Overview of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common condition, causing symptoms in 75% of men over the age of 70. To understand the role of a novel treatment for this condition, an understanding of the pathology, approach to diagnosis, and range of existing therapies are important. This article provides a general overview of benign prostatic hyperplasia evaluation and management.
Creating a Library Resources Tool for WebCT

ABSTRACT The distinct lack of a designated place for library resources to plug into some of the most popular course-management system packages available is a problem that many academic libraries currently face. This article provides an example for academic librarians and other educational service providers to create simple portable learning modules of resources for implementation in WebCT, a popular course management system.
Free-floating drifter for photochemical studies in the water column

A free-floating drifter was designed to directly determine in situ photochemical production rates, photolysis rates, and light fluxes in seawater. This drifter consisted of six trays that were suspended in series from a single buoy line. The trays were constructed so that the attached quartz vessels, containing filtered seawater, were exposed to both downwelling and upwelling irradiation. The quartz vessels were sealed at both ends with ribbed TFE Teflon stoppers that permitted multiple subsampling without introduction of a headspace. The free-floating drifter was used to study photochemical processes in antarctic waters. It performed well during 12-15-h deployments, even in rough seas with sustained winds between 15 and 26 m s -1 . Although not tested here, the drifter should perform equally well in the study of photochemical processes in freshwater environments.
A phylogenetic analysis for the South-east Asian mite harvestman family Stylocellidae (Opiliones : Cyphophthalmi) – a combined analysis using morphometric and molecular data

In an effort to place type specimens lacking molecular data into a phylogenetic framework ahead of a taxonomic revision, we used morphometric data, both alone and in combination with a molecular dataset, to generate phylogenetic hypotheses under the parsimony criterion for 107 members of the South-east Asian mite harvestman family Stylocellidae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi). For the morphometric analyses, we used undiscretised characters, analysed for independence and collapsed by principal components analysis (PCA) when dependent. Two challenges not previously encountered in the use of this method were (a) handling terminals with missing data, necessitated by the inclusion of old and damaged type specimens, and (b) controlling for extreme variation in size. Custom scripts for independence analysis were modified to accommodate missing data whereby placeholder numbers were used during PCA for missing measurements. Size was controlled in four ways: choosing characters that avoided misleading size information and were easily scaled; using only locally scaled measurements; adjusting ratios by y-intercepts; and collapsing dependent characters into one. These steps removed enough size information that miniaturised and large species, suspected from molecular and discrete morphological studies to be closely related, were closely placed using morphometric data alone. Both morphometric and combined analyses generated relationships that positioned type specimens in agreement with taxonomic expectations and our knowledge of the family from prior studies. The hypotheses generated here provide new direction in linking molecular analyses with established taxonomy in this large group of South-east Asian arachnids.
Variation in nicotine content of tobacco callus cultures

Plants ofNicotiana tabacum L. cv. Burley 21 which showed no difference in nicotine content were used to establish callus cultures. Cultures were initiated from different plants and from different leaves within each plant. The nicotine content of the calli was determined, and the results subjected to an analysis of variance. Differences between plants and differences within plants significantly affected the nicotine content of the cultures. The differences between plants were transmitted sexually and asexually, providing evidence that they are genetically determined. No such differences in nicotine content were found between the plants from which the cultures were established, indicating that nicotine production in vitro involves additional genes to those which are needed for nicotine production in the plant. The differences within plants were further investigated by establishing callus cultures from pith explants taken from different parts of the stem. Explants from apical pith tissue gave calli having far more nicotine and more roots than cultures derived from basal pith explants. This results may reflect the proximity of the apical pith explants to the site of auxin synthesis in the stem apex. Callus cultures derived from pith explants showed greater growth and nicotine production than those derived from leaf explants when the calli were induced on Murashige-Skoog medium containing α-naphthalene acetic acid. This result is in conflict with the widely held belief that explants from different parts of the plant give cultures with similar yields of species-specific compounds.
Fullerene-Enhanced Accumulation of p,p′-DDE in Agricultural Crop Species

The effect of C(60) fullerene exposure on the accumulation of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE; DDT metabolite) by Cucurbita pepo L. (zucchini), Glycine max L. (soybean), and Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato) was determined. The plants were grown in 125 mL jars of vermiculite amended with 0 or 40 mg of C(60) fullerenes. Prior to planting, the jars were amended with 40 mL solution containing 100 ng/mL of p,p'-DDE with 0 or 100 mg/L humic acid. During three weeks of growth, plants were watered with the same p,p'-DDE containing solutions. Total shoot p,p'-DDE levels in nonfullerene exposed tomato, soybean, and zucchini were 26.9, 131, and 675 ng, respectively; total root DDE content for the three plants was 402, 5970, and 5830 ng, respectively. Fullerenes increased the shoot p,p'-DDE content of zucchini by 29%; contaminant levels in soybean shoots were decreased by 48% but tomato shoot content was unaffected. The root and total plant p,p'-DDE content of all three species was significantly increased by fullerene exposure; enhanced contaminant uptake ranged from 30 to 65%. Humic acid, regardless of fullerene presence or plant type, significantly decreased the p,p'-DDE uptake. Fullerenes were detected in the roots of all plants but were not detected in plant shoots in the initial study. In a follow up study with zucchini designed to maximize biomass for extraction, over half the analyzed stems contained fullerenes at 60.5 to 4490 ng/g. These findings show that the carbon-based nanomaterials may significantly alter the accumulation and potentially the toxicity of cocontaminants in agricultural systems.
Work style preferences among medical specialties

Abstract Strong Interest Inventory Personal Style Scales (SII-PSS) assess people's preferences for work style, learning environment, leadership style, and risk taking. We examined whether the SII-PSS predict medical specialty choice for college students. We administered the scales to 355 students when they began a combined Bachelor of Science/Doctor of Medicine program during the 2003–2005 academic years. Specialty choice was obtained when these students graduated from medical school during 2009–2011 academic years. In the end, 120 students (34%) provided useable data and were included in the analysis. The remaining students either did not graduate from the 6-year BS/MD program or entered preliminary or transitional specialties. Specialties included in the analysis were internal medicine, family medicine, psychiatry, surgery, pediatrics, emergency medicine, anesthesiology, and obstetrics/gynecology. Work style was the only PSS variable that showed differences across various specialties. A MANOVA showed that the work style scale was significantly different across various specialties (p SD = 8.90) compared to students who went into surgery (X = 46.25, SD = 7.44, F = 6.83) or anesthesiology (X = 42.38, SD = 5.15, F = 10.70). Students who entered obstetrics/gynecology also scored significantly higher on working with people (X = 54.25, SD = 7.62) than students who entered anesthesiology (X = 42.38, SD = 5.15, F = 12.13). In the realm of medical specialties, preferences for working with people versus things may underlie choices between the group of medical specialties categorized as primary-care versus those categorized as surgical and as technical specialties.
Synthesis of short-/medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate) blends by mixed culture fermentation of glycerol.

Glycerol was used as a substrate in the bio-production of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) in an effort to establish an alternative outlet for glycerol and produce value-added products. Pseudomonas oleovorans NRRL B-14682 and Pseudomonas corrugata 388 grew and synthesized poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) and medium-chain-length PHA (mcl-PHA) consisting primarily of 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (C10:0; 44 ± 2 mol %) and 3-hydroxydodecenoic acid (C12:1; 31 ± 2 mol %), respectively, from glycerol at concentrations up to 5% (v/v). Cellular productivity maximized at 40% for P. oleovorans in 5% (v/v) glycerol and 20% for P. corrugata in 2% (v/v) glycerol after 72 h. Increasing the glycerol media concentration from 1% to 5% (v/v) caused a 61% and 72% reduction in the molar mass (Mn) of the P3HB and mcl-PHA polymers, respectively. Proton-NMR analysis of the glycerol-derived P3HB revealed that the Mn decrease was the result of esterification of glycerol onto the polymer in a chain terminating position. However, no evidence ...