cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding Others Requires Right Temporoparietal and Inferior Frontal Regions

Abstract The human ability to infer other people’s knowledge and beliefs, known as ‘theory of mind’, is an essential component of social interactions. Theory of mind tasks activate frontal and temporoparietal regions of cortex in fMRI studies. However, it is unknown whether these regions are critical. We examined this question using multivariate voxel-based lesion symptom mapping in 22 patients with acute right hemisphere brain damage. Studies of acute patients eliminate questions of recovery and reorganization that plague long-term studies of lesioned patients. Damage to temporoparietal and inferior frontal regions impaired thinking about others’ perspectives. This impairment held even after adjustment for overall extent of brain damage and language comprehension, memory, comprehension, and attention abilities. These results provide evidence that right temporoparietal and inferior frontal regions are necessary for the human ability to reason about the knowledge and beliefs of others.
2008 IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing

We present reliability solutions for adaptable network RAM systems running on general-purpose clusters. Network RAM allows nodes with over-committed memory to swap pages over the network, storing them in the idle RAM of other nodes and avoiding swapping to slow, local disk. An adaptable network RAM system adjusts the amount of RAM currently available for storing remotely swapped pages in response to changes in nodespsila local RAM usage. It is important that network RAM systems provide reliability for remotely swapped page data. Without reliability, a single node failure can result in failure of unrelated processes running on other nodes by losing their remotely swapped pages. Adaptable network RAM systems pose extra difficulties in providing reliability because each nodepsilas capacity for storing remotely swapped pages changes over time, and because pages may move from node to node in response to these changes. Our novel dynamic RAID-based reliability solutions use idle RAM for storing page and reliability data, avoiding using slow disk for reliability. They are designed to work with the adaptive nature of our network RAM system (Nswap), allowing page and reliability data to migrate from node to node and allowing pages to be added to or removed from different parity groups. Additionally, page recovery runs concurrently with cluster applications, so that cluster applications do not have to wait until all data from a failed node is recovered before resuming execution. We present results comparing Nswap to disk swapping for a set of benchmarks running on our gigabit cluster. Our results show that reliable Nswap is up to 32 times faster than swapping to disk, and that there is virtually no impact on the performance of applications as they run concurrently with page recovery.
Imaging chemical environments and amyloid architectures using single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy

We demonstrate various point spread functions that produce superior performance for single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy. These orientation “spectra” reveal chemical environments and amyloid architectures that cannot be visualized using traditional super-resolution microscopy.
Statistical modeling using early markers of innate immunity to explain variation in humoral responses to influenza vaccine in older adults.

Greater understanding of the factors associated with a protective response to influenza vaccine in older adults could have tremendous public health benefits. We studied 158 participants age 50–74 years vaccinated with 2010–2011 inactivated influenza vaccine and performed innate immunity and humoral immunity assays directed against influenza A/California/2009 (H1N1) as measured through hemagglutination inhibition (HAI), microneutralization, and B cell ELISPOT at days 0, 3, and 28 postvaccination. We report the results of statistical modeling using Day 3 cytokines, chemokines, and innate cell populations to model Day 0 to Day 28 HAI seroconversion, viral neutralization seroconversion, and B cell ELISPOT results.
Relativistic Scattering of Composite Particles

In the New Testaments we read “Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear” - Hebrews 11:3. Perhaps this biblical verse may aptly describe the present day scientific endeavors in probing composite particles and in understanding the structure of matter. Whether this verse implies the belief on the so-called quark confinement, or on unknown symmetries, or on the notion of wholeness and the implicate order or on something else is left to our reader’s discretion. However, the verse does seem to set up the pace of our continuing scientific discoveries as we observe that what we could not “see” in the past can be seen at the present and possibly what we cannot “see” at the present may be seen in the future and so on and on, till we understand the constituents of matter in terms of elementary particles which may be made up of things which may not appear.
NASA Dryden Flight Research Center: Unmanned Aircraft Operations

This slide presentation reviews several topics related to operating unmanned aircraft in particular sharing aspects of unmanned aircraft from the perspective of a pilot. There is a section on the Global Hawk project which contains information about the first Global Hawk science mission, (i.e., Global Hawk Pacific (GloPac). Included in this information is GloPac science highlights, a listing of the GloPac Instruments. The second Global Hawk science mission was Genesis and Rapid Intensification Process (GRIP), for the NASA Hurricane Science Research Team. Information includes the instrumentation and the flights that were undertaken during the program. A section on Ikhana is next. This section includes views of the Ground Control Station (GCS), and a discussion of how the piloting of UAS is different from piloting in a manned aircraft. There is also discussion about displays and controls of aircraft. There is also discussion about what makes a pilot. The last section relates the use of Ikhana in the western states fire mission.
Convergence properties of self-organizing neural networks

In this paper we analyze the convergence properties of a class of self-organizing neural networks, introduced and popularized by Kohonen, using the ODE approach. It is shown that Kohonen's learning law converges to the best locally affine feature map. A new integrally distributed self-organizing learning law is presented which converges to the equiprobable feature map for inputs which have arbitrary random probability distribution functions.
A detailed induction machine core loss model in the arbitrary reference frame

Although reference frame theory is fundamental for machine modeling and control, core loss is commonly ignored in the quadratic-direct-zero (qd0) frame machine models. This paper proposes and validates a new analytical core loss model of an induction machine in the arbitrary qd0-frame. The proposed model is based on the machine's dynamic model in the three-phase abc-frame with a core loss branch integrated in each stator phase. The qd0-frame equivalent circuits are obtained using the reference frame transform and are used to derive analytical expressions of copper loss and core loss. Detailed analysis and mathematical derivation of the model are given as well as simulation implementation and verification in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The proposed core loss model is then compared to experimental measurements using 1.5HP, 3HP and 10HP machines in line-fed scenarios. Results show less than 1% estimation error between the proposed model and experiments.
Organizational Structure and Fund Performance: Pension Funds vs. Mutual Funds

This paper examines how the organizational structure of the defined benefit pension fund industry influence the investment decision and performance of pension fund managers. Corporate treasurers, who have an incentive to reduce their own job risk, tend to hire pension fund managers with low tracking error. This may constrain pension fund managers in their ability to implement certain profitable investment strategies. Consistent with this hypothesis, I find that relative to mutual funds, pension funds engage in less active management, are less aggressive in implementing momentum strategies, and are more likely to tilt their trading towards stocks in their benchmark. Moreover, these investment decisions have important performance implications. If pension funds implemented mechanical momentum strategies to the same extent as mutual funds, they would enhance the gross performance of their trades by roughly 30 basis points per quarter. In addition, the trades made by pension funds in stocks outside of their benchmark significantly outperform their trades in benchmark stocks. After controlling for risk and transaction costs, I estimate that pension funds tendency to tilt their trading towards stocks in their benchmark weakens the performance of their trades by roughly 30 basis points per year. The results suggest that the additional layers of delegation in the pension fund industry generate economically meaningful agency costs.
Gastrointestinal side effects in chronic opioid users: results from a population-based survey

Summary Background Gastrointestinal side effects are commonly associated with opioid treatment for pain. Aim To understand gastrointestinal side effects associated with opioid treatment. Methods This study was a population-based survey of adults in the US who use opioids to manage pain unrelated to cancer. Participants were recruited from an existing Web-enabled panel and a supplemental panel of individuals who previously indicated an interest in participating in Web-based surveys. Results Overall, 2055 individuals participated in the main phase of the survey. Fifty-seven per cent of participants reported having had constipation that they associated with opioid treatment, and 49% reported constipation in the previous 4 weeks. Thirty-six per cent of participants reported new or worsening constipation in the previous 4 weeks. Thirty-three per cent of participants reported constipation as their most bothersome symptom associated with opioid treatment, 13% reported nausea, 11% abdominal pain and 10% gas. Seventy-three per cent of the participants who reported any GI symptoms did not change the dosage level or frequency of use of opioids because of adverse events, which may be explained by the fact that 72% of participants used over-the-counter laxatives and 12% a prescription laxative. Conclusion Constipation is a frequent and significant event occurring with opioid use.
Supervised and unsupervised feature extraction from a cochlear model for speech recognition

The authors explore the application of a novel classification method that combines supervised and unsupervised training, and compare its performance to various more classical methods. The authors first construct a detailed high dimensional representation of the speech signal using Lyon's cochlear model and then optimally reduce its dimensionality. The resulting low dimensional projection retains the information needed for robust speech recognition. >
Lessons from SEC v. Citigroup: The Optimal Scope for Judicial Review of Agency Consent Decrees

On November 28, 2011, Judge Jed S. Rakoff of the United States District Court in Manhattan declined to approve a consent judgment between the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Citigroup. Because Citigroup had not admitted or denied the allegations in the consent decree, Judge Rakoff concluded that he was unable to make an informed judgment about the merits of the settlement. Judge Rakoff’s decision has met with serious criticism from legal observers and rekindled discussion about the scope of judicial review of agency consent decrees, which have become a valuable agency enforcement tool. This paper attempts to articulate a clear standard of review focused on agency disability caused by a misalignment of interest or inadequate information. The concrete and deferential standard described in this paper would maintain an important gate-keeping function for the court without unduly interfering with agency policy. And a restricted inquiry, focused on conflicts of interest and adequate consideration, is appropriate given the limited institutional competence of the judiciary. The judiciary is not well situated to evaluate the terms of a settlement, which is the product of a complex balancing of agency priorities and is informed by the agency’s overall strategy and policy objectives. It is difficult to see what advantages a judge with a heavy caseload can add to a deal brokered by an agency staff charged solely with promoting the public interest in a particular area. By contrast, judges can be alert to conflicts of interest, as they are in other areas of the law. When evaluating an agency’s structure and information, the reviewing judge is not at an informational disadvantage relative to the parties. As a result, the court can determine whether the agency is properly accounting for social costs and benefits, and can ensure that the agency is not ignoring an important third party interest. Absent any indication of conflict or structural impairment, and given a reasonable justification for the settlement, the judge need not scrutinize the merits of the settlement and incur the costs of judicial review.
Oscillatory Magnetomorphic Behavior in the Electron Transport Effects of a Cadmium Single Crystal at Low Temperatures

The Hall effect and magnetoresistance in a cadmium crystal exhibit well-defined magnetomorphic oscillations periodic in the field over a wide field range.1 Additional measurements of the Hall effect and magnetoresistance in a cadmium crystal as well as a study of the oscillatory behavior of the thermomagnetic effects are presented here. Oscillations periodic in H were found in all the measured effects. The results of an analysis of the amplitudes and periods of these oscillations are presented below.
Statistical issues related to semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires.

Semiquantitative food-frequency (SQFF) questionnaires have been used by many epidemiological studies to collect dietary data. These methods are especially attractive for use in large-scale studies because they are often self-administered and/or completed with minimal time or effort. This paper discusses several statistical issues related to the use of dietary data collected by frequency methods. In particular, the paper addresses 1) whether SQFF methods are well-validated dietary methods as suggested by many investigators and 2) whether data based on SQFF methods can be used to compare mean dietary intakes among different populations and to estimate the distribution of usual nutrient intakes in a national probability population
Labeling of human clots in vitro with an active-site mutant of t-PA.

Prompt detection of acute thrombosis and its response to treatment with thrombolytic agents generally require angiography. Scintigraphic approaches with labeled antibodies to or components of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems have been disappointing because of prolonged circulating half-lives of tracers and relatively slow or limited binding to thrombi. Accordingly, we developed and characterized a thrombolytically inactive, active-site mutant (Ser-478----Thr) of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) designed to detect thrombi in vivo. Binding of iodine-125-({sup 125}I) labeled Ser----Thr t-PA to thrombi in vitro was time- and concentration-dependent, and specific judging from inhibition by pre-incubation with anti-t-PA IgG. Clearance of 125I-labeled mutant t-PA in rabbits was rapid and biexponential (alpha t1/2 = 1.9 +/- 0.4 min, beta t1/2 = 39.8 +/- 11.2 min). Thus, the amidolytically inactive mutant of t-PA designed binds rapidly and specifically to human thrombi in vitro and is cleared rapidly from the circulation in vivo--properties rendering it attractive as a potentially useful clot imaging agent.
Neurons expressing trace amine-associated receptors project to discrete glomeruli and constitute an olfactory subsystem

Some chemoreceptors of the trace amine-associated receptor (TAAR) family detect innately aversive odors and are proposed to activate hardwired olfactory circuits. However, the wiring of TAAR neurons, the regulatory mechanisms of Taar gene choice, and the subcellular localization of TAAR proteins remain unknown. Here, we reveal similarities between neurons expressing TAARs and odorant receptors (ORs), but also unexpected differences. Like ORs, TAARs seem to be monoallelically expressed and localized both in cilia, the site of odor detection, and in axons, where they may participate in guidance. TAAR neurons project to discrete glomeruli predominantly localized to a confined bulb region. Taar expression involves different regulatory logic than OR expression, as neurons choosing a Taar5 knockout allele frequently express a second Taar without silencing the deleted allele. Moreover, the epigenetic signature of OR gene choice is absent from Taar genes. The unique molecular and anatomical features of the TAAR neurons suggest that they constitute a distinct olfactory subsystem.
Age, origin, and significance of brittle faulting and pseudotachylyte along the Coast shear zone, Prince Rupert, British Columbia

Northwest-striking brittle faults containing cataclasite, fault gouge, and, in one location, pseudotachylyte are common in the vicinity of the Coast shear zone near Prince Rupert, British Columbia. The pseudotachylyte locality, found in a dextral strike-slip fault zone along the Coast shear zone, contains spherulites, alkali feldspar microlites, and amygdules, suggesting that the pseudotachylyte crystallized rapidly from a melt phase within 5 km of the surface. 4 0 Ar/ 3 9 Ar incremental heating of the pseudotachylyte matrix yielded a weighted mean plateau of 29.8 ′ 0.6 Ma and an inverse isochron of 29.8 ′ 1.5 Ma with an 4 0 Ar/ 3 6 Ar intercept of 296.0 ′ 15.2. These results show that pseudotachylyte associated with brittle faulting can be dated precisely, and imply that some dextral coast-parallel displacement occurred across the Coast shear zone in the Oligocene and that the majority of exhumation in the Coast Mountains at the latitude of Prince Rupert (∼54°N) was accomplished by 30 Ma.
Angiotensin II stimulated transcription of cyclooxygenase II is regulated by a novel kinase cascade involving Pyk2, MEKK4 and annexin II.

Although it is known that MEKK4 regulates MKK6, and p38 MAP kinase, extracellular stimuli that activate the serine/threonine kinase, MEKK4, are unknown. The aim of this study was then to identify stimuli that regulate MEKK4. By using recombinant MEKK4, as bait to attract interacting proteins, the calcium binding protein, annexin II, was identified by mass spectrometry as interacting with MEKK4, suggesting that MEKK4 might be regulated by calcium. A calcium-dependent interaction between MEKK4 and annexin II was observed when MEKK4 was immunoprecipitated from rat aortic smooth muscle cells that were treated with angiotensin II. Additional studies using recombinant MEKK4 in a Far-Western immunoblot identified a protein of 120 kDa as interacting directly with MEKK4. Prior studies indicated that MEKK4 was phosphorylated on tyrosine in vivo, and in fact, Pyk2 interacts with MEKK4 in an angiotensin II dependent manner in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Pyk2 phosphorylates MEKK4 in vitro and Pyk2-dependent phosphorylation further regulates MEKK4-dependent phosphorylation of MKK6. Finally, dominant-negative MEKK4 inhibits angiotensin II mediated transcription of a luciferase reporter construct containing the cyclooxygenase II promoter, demonstrating that MEKK4 functions in a calcium-dependent manner as a substrate for Pyk2 and regulates transcription of cyclooxygenase II. (Mol Cell Biochem 271: 77–90, 2005)
Accurate evaluation of an integral involving the product of two Bessel functions and a Gaussian

Abstract The integral to be evaluated is of the form G(L)=∫ R 0 K 1 K 2 r 2 j L (K 1 r)j L (K 2 r)e −r 2 d 2 dr , where R and a are real, and the wave numbers K 1 and K 2 can be complex. The js are spherical Bessel functions. Our method makes use of a recursion relation between G ( L ), G ( L + 1), and G ( L − 1), together with the values of G for L = 0 and L = −1. The latter are expressed in terms of error integrals of complex argument and are evaluated numerically with high accuracy by means of a continued fraction. Four methods are presented for calculating G at integer values of L . One consists of solving analytically the inhomogeneous finite difference recursion equation in terms of sums from 0 to L and from L + 1 to ∞ of quantities which involve the two linearly independent spherical Bessel functions of argument z 3 = (K 1 a)(K 2 a) 2i . The other three methods consist in numerically evaluating the recursion relation, either upwards in L , starting with the known values G (0) and G (−1), or downwards in L , either starting with two G values taken equal to zero, or following a method described by Olver. The method of Olver is found to be the one generally most useful, in that it gives a reliable estimate of the truncation error. Accuracies of twelve significant digits are usually achieved, on a computer (IBM 3081) using 16 bit words, as is demonstrated from the comparison of the four methods in numerical examples. The computing time is much less than the methods involving radial mesh sums, by factors of 5 or more, depending on the values of K 1 R and K 2 R .
Bonding Cold-Curing Denture Base Acrylic Resin to Acrylic Resin Teeth

Bonding of cold-curing acrylic resin to acrylic resin teeth increases tooth retention and strengthens denture bases because the plastic teeth become an integral part of the denture base. Bonding was effected in this manner: the necks of the teeth were coated with a solution of equal parts by volume of methylene chloride and cold-curing methyl methacrylate monomer. This treatment combines a solvent attack on the teeth with polymerization bonding and develops tensile strengths of more than 80% of those of the acrylic resin denture base materials. The bonding was verified in experimental dentures made of a compression molded and a pour type poly(methyl methacrylate). The resin teeth became integral parts of the denture as evidenced by their retention in the base. On application of stresses, the fracture lines went through the teeth rather than through the tooth-denture base interfaces as before. The technique adds neither time nor equipment to currently used laboratory procedures.
The Effect of Annulus Performance Parameters on Rotor-Stator Cavity Sealing Flow

The amount of cooling air assigned to seal high pressure (HP) turbine rim cavities is critical for performance as well as component life. Insufficient air leads to excessive hot annulus gas ingestion and its penetration deep into the cavity compromising disk or cover plate life. Excessive purge air, on the other hand, adversely affects performance. This paper is a continuation of the authors' work on ingestion reported by Mirzamoghadam et al. (2008) (“3D CFD Ingestion Evaluation of a High Pressure Turbine Rim Seal Disk Cavity,” ASME Paper No. GT2008-50531), where the main focus of that investigation was to qualitatively describe ingestion driven by annulus circumferential pressure asymmetry under constant annulus conditions and rotational speed. In this paper, the research team investigated the variation of annulus circumferential pressure fluctuation and rotational speed on the double overlap platform rim seal cavity reported in part-1. The outcome from this study was to map out the resulting nondimensional minimum sealing flow (minimum value of Cw or Cw,min) as it relates to entrained ingestion in the absence of cavity cooling flow (Cw,ent). As was done in part-1, the runs were made with 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in setup/run mode option using Fine/Turbo. At two rotational speeds, annulus conditions were varied by reducing turbine inlet pressure (i.e., mass flow) from the baseline operating condition, and the resulting pressure fluctuation was quantified. In addition, an investigation to assess the selected aft-located mixing plane steady state solution for this study as compared to the forward-located steady run was performed using unsteady (nonlinear Harmonics) CFD as the referee. The results yielded the linear decrease in Cw,ent at fixed rotational Reynolds number as annulus Reynolds number was decreased. Moreover, the rate of change in entrained flow sharply increases with increase in rotational Reynolds number. As annulus mass flow is reduced to a critical value defined by annulus-to-rotational Reynolds number ratio, the CFD prediction for Cw,ent converges to the turbulent boundary layer entrainment solution for the rotor, and Cw,min reverts to the rotational Reynolds number dominating region. The results from this study were compared to what has been observed by a previous study for a single overlap platform geometry. The resulting design curve allows insight in relating cavity purge flow requirements versus turbine cycle parameters which could lead to better efficiency.
Design of variable structure system controllers for large-scale multi-variable systems using eigenvalue placement

Abstract A systematic method is presented of designing a variable structure system controller for multivariate systems of the form [xdot] = Ax + Bu in which B has full column rank. The method makes use of eigenvalue placement in determining the switching vector coefficients. An example is used to illustrate the method.
Iron sucrose: The oldest iron therapy becomes new

Abstract Several parenteral iron preparations are now available. This article focuses on iron sucrose, a hematinic, used more widely than any other for more than five decades, chiefly in Europe and now available in North America. Iron sucrose has an average molecular weight of 34 to 60 kd, and after intravenous (IV) administration, it distributes into a volume equal to that of plasma, with a terminal half-life of 5 to 6 hours. Transferrin and ferritin levels can be measured reliably 48 hours after IV administration of this agent. Iron sucrose carries no "black-box" warning, and a test dose is not required before it is administered. Doses of 100 mg can be administered over several minutes, and larger doses up to 300 mg can be administered within 60 minutes. The efficacy of iron sucrose has been shown in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) both before and after the initiation of dialysis therapy. Iron sucrose, like iron gluconate, has been associated with a markedly lower incidence of life-threatening anaphylactoid reactions and may be administered safely to those with previously documented intolerance to iron dextran or iron gluconate. Nonanaphylactoid reactions, including non-life-threatening hypotension, nausea, and exanthema, also are extremely uncommon with iron sucrose. Management of patients with the anemia of CKD mandates that we carefully examine the effectiveness and safety of this oldest of iron preparations and the accumulating present-day data regarding it and contemporaneous agents. Am J Kidney Dis 40:1111-1121. © 2002 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Olfactory bulb removal facilitates the hormonal induction of sexual receptivity in the female rat

Malateral aspiration of the olfactory bulbs facilitates the hormonally induced display of sexual receptivity (lordosis) in spayed female rats. The facilitating effect of bulbectomy is apparent under conditions of estrogen stimulation alone, or after estrogen-progesterone treatment. Moreover, facilitation occurs even when bulb removal is subtotal. Peripherally induced anosmia does not affect the hormonally induced display of lordotic behavior in female rats, indicating that the effect of bulbectomy is not due to the production of anosmia per se. Apparently the olfactory bulbs constitute a source of tonic inhibition upon other neural systems, such that bulb removal enhances the hormonally induced expression of lordotic behavior.
Sensitivity of L132 Cells to Some “New” Respiratory Viruses

THERE are several reports of the isolation from cases of human upper respiratory infections of viruses with a structure known previously only in the viruses causing avian infectious bronchitis1 and mouse hepatitis2. The first isolate, named B814, was propagated in organ cultures of human embryo respiratory epithelium3, and most of the other isolates have been made in organ culture4. Some viruses of humans, of the type 229E, multiply in tissue cultures of human embryo kidney fibroblasts where they cause a slight cytopathic effect, and in human embryo lung fibroblasts where they cause a definite progressive cytopathic effect5. Those viruses only cultivated in organ culture were detected either by electron, microscopy, or by inoculation into human volunteers, or by stopping the ciliary activity of the organ culture epithelium. It has been proposed that the group of virsues with this morphology should be called “coronaviruses”6.
The gene for microfibril-associated protein-1 (MFAP1) is located several megabases centromeric to FBN1 and is not mutated in Marfan syndrome

Linkage studies have mapped the Marfan syndrome (MFS) locus to chromosome region 15q15-q21 with no convincing evidence of genetic heterogeneity. The fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene, located at 15q21.1, that encodes the major component of the defective microfibrils, has been identified as the gene for MFS. However, extensive mutation screening in many laboratories has detected FBN1 mutations in only a fraction of MFS probands studied, leading to the hypothesis that the missing mutations could involve another microfibril gene located in the same region. Recently, the gene for microfibril-associated protein-1 (MFAP1, also called AMP) has been isolated and mapped to the 15q15-q21 region that overlaps the location of the FBN1 gene. Here we report that the two loci are physically close, making MFAP1 an alternative positional candidate gene for MFS. We have carried out MFAP1 mutation screening and gene expression analysis in 48 probands with MFS or related phenotypes who were selected for this study because their fibroblast cultures synthesized fibrillin at normal levels. No MFAP1 mutations were identified, and transcription occurred equally from both alleles. We conclude that the MFAP1 locus is not a reservoir for the hidden MFS mutations.
Effects of Monovalent Cations on the Sodium-Alanine Interaction in Rabbit Ileum Implication of anionic groups in sodium binding

H, K, Rb, and Li inhibit Na-dependent alanine influx across the brush border of rabbit ileum. Kinetic analysis indicates that H and K behave as competitive inhibitors of influx so that increasing the concentration of H or K in the mucosal solution is kinetically indistinguishable from decreasing the Na concentration. In addition the coupling between alanine and Na influxes is markedly reduced at pH 2.5. With the exception of H and Li, none of these monovalent cations significantly affects carrier-mediated alanine influx in the absence of Na indicating that their inhibitory effects are largely restricted to the Na-dependent fraction of influx. Increasing H concentration from 0.03 to 3 mM does not affect influx in the absence of Na but markedly inhibits influx in the presence of Na. Li significantly enhances alanine influx in the absence of Na. Ag, UO2, and La also inhibit the Na-dependent fraction of alanine influx. These findings suggest that anionic groups having a pKa of approximately 4 are involved in the interaction between Na and the alanine-carrier complex; present evidence implicates carboxylate groups however, phosphoryl residues cannot be ruled out. The previously proposed kinetic model for the Na-alanine interaction has been extended to accommodate these effects of H and other monovalent cations. The mechanistic and physiological implications of these findings are discussed.
The hemodynamic determinants of the rate of change in pressure in the left ventricle during isometric contraction.

Abstract The phasic pressure, time derivative of pressure, circumference and isometric contractile tension (Walton-Brodie strain-gauge arch) of the left ventricle have been simultaneously recorded in a series of anesthetized, thoracotomized, innervated dogs. These parameters were recorded at multiple levels of filling pressure induced by variations in the height of a large reservoir of blood connected to the left atrium. Variations in myocardial function and systemic resistance were induced by the administration of epinephrine and methoxamine. The atrial reservoir was systematically lowered and raised during each experimental condition in order to induce variations in ventricular filling. In all, 108 experimental situations were recorded in 5 consecutive animals. The maximal slope of the isometric contraction phase of the ventricular pressure pulse (M.R.P.R.) ranged from 456 to 6,610 mm. Hg per second. It was shown that when all observations were considered, M.R.P.R. had a significant correlation with peak ventricular pressure (r = .624), ventricular pressure area (r = .287), ventricular end-diastolic stretch (r = .484), and ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r = .468). All of these relationships showed a strong tendency to form distinct families of curves with M.R.P.R. per unit systolic pressure, stretch, or end-diastolic pressure, being greater while epinephrine was being administered than in the control period. Conversely, M.R.P.R. was less per unit systolic pressure, circumference, or end-diastolic pressure when methoxamine was administered. Since epinephrine produced an increased myocardial contractility (isometric systolic tension per unit stretch), and methoxamine, presumably through vagal influences, produced a decreased myocardial contractility, it was not surprising that a highly significant correlation between M.R.P.R. and contractility was found (r = .451). A very good linear relationship was found between M.R.P.R. and the product of contractility (strain-gauge arch) and the end-diastolic stretch of the ventricle (r = .790). This product was considered as an index to the potential isometric contractile tension of the entire ventricle. It was, therefore, suggested that M.R.P.R. is directly proportional to the maximum tension potential of the ventricle at the onset of contraction. Possible applications of these findings were briefly discussed.
On the Orientation of Pyramids

The remarkable accuracy of the orientation of the Great Pyramid has led to a number of suggestions concerning the methods on which the determination of the cardinal directions could have been achieved. All astronomically based theories, however, face serious difficulties, e.g. that there is no bright star exactly at the celestial pole, or that rising and setting amplitudes suffer from the poorly defined position of the observer (as well as other practical difficulties).
Implementation of an off-label recombinant factor VIIa protocol for patients with critical bleeding at an academic medical center

To describe the development of a pharmacy driven off-label recombinant factor seven (rFVIIa) protocol by a multi-disciplinary team for critical bleeding. A multi-disciplinary team made up of members from several critical care and surgical departments within the hospital were formed and charged with developing a standardized approach to how rFVIIa would be used for critical bleeding in an academic medical center. Groups represented on the multi-disciplinary team included clinical pharmacy, emergency medicine, pulmonary, hematology, cardiothoracic surgery, trauma, neurosurgery, and vascular surgery physicians. A pharmacist driven off-label rFVIIa protocol was developed and implemented for the use in those patients with critical bleeding. The protocol was based on the available literature and local expert opinion. Through the use of this protocol a significantly smaller average dose of rFVIIa is now being used when compared to those patients treated prior to the new protocol (47.5 vs. 62.2 mcg/kg, p = 0.036) while all-cause mortality was not significantly altered (35 vs. 48.8 %, p = 0.057). An effective and safe pharmacy driven protocol was implemented by a multi-disciplinary team for rFVIIa as seen by providing a significantly lower average dose of rFVIIa while not sacrificing for overall patient mortality.
Cultural Considerations in Trauma Psychology Education, Research, and Training:

The fields of trauma psychology and cultural psychology have rarely crossed paths within the context of mainstream psychology and psychiatry. Although clinical trauma psychology has acknowledged relevance of the ethical principle of respect for differences in trauma treatment, this has not so far motivated a systematic effort to improve our understanding of how culture is intertwined with our cognitive and emotional responses to trauma. As the field of disaster mental health has come to greater prominence in recent years, it has confronted trauma psychology with how profoundly the forms of both trauma and resilience are, as well as how ineffective traditional paradigms are in transcultural work. The author reviews some of the barriers in cultural considerations in trauma psychology and provides practical suggestions toward developing cultural competence benchmarks for trauma psychology education, training, and research.
Compact and versatile far-infrared imager for SIRTF

We present the design for the multiband imaging photometer for SIRTF (MIPS). MIPS is a versatile instrument that provides diffraction-limited imaging at 30 micrometers , 70 micrometers , and 160 micrometers . MIPS also provides low resolution (5%) spectroscopy in the 50 - 100 micrometers wavelength range to allow the determination of far-infrared spectral energy distributions. The 70 micrometers array can also be used in a special high resolution mode that supports image reconstruction techniques for improved angular resolution. The one cryogenic mechanism on MIPS is a scanning mirror based on a space-qualified design used on the Infrared Space Observatory. We describe modifications to the scan mechanism to optimize it for use at very long wavelengths.
Nanoelectronics from the bottom up

Electronics obtained through the bottom-up approach of molecular-level control of material composition and structure may lead to devices and fabrication strategies not possible with top-down methods. This review presents a brief summary of bottom-up and hybrid bottom-up/top-down strategies for nanoelectronics with an emphasis on memories based on the crossbar motif. First, we will discuss representative electromechanical and resistance-change memory devices based on carbon nanotube and core-shell nanowire structures, respectively. These device structures show robust switching, promising performance metrics and the potential for terabit-scale density. Second, we will review architectures being developed for circuit-level integration, hybrid crossbar/CMOS circuits and array-based systems, including experimental demonstrations of key concepts such lithography-independent, chemically coded stochastic demultipluxers. Finally, bottom-up fabrication approaches, including the opportunity for assembly of three-dimensional, vertically integrated multifunctional circuits, will be critically discussed.
Embeddings and hyperplanes of the Lie incidence geometry of type E7,1

This paper continues a program to show that for most of the standard Lie incidence geometries, all geometric hyperplanes arise from a necessarily absolutely universal embedding, by addingE7,1 to the list. It follows from [5, 12] that any projective embedding of this point line geometry is a homomorphic image of the one afforded by the 56-dimensional module for the groupE7(K).
On competitive speculation under uncertainty: An alternative view of the inverse-carrying charge

Abstract This paper analyze the role of price uncertainty in competitive speculation in the context of a multiperiod model under risk aversion. It shows that the marginal risk premium can be either positive or negative depending on the expected change in future inventory. The analysis points out some limitations of previous research and throws some light on the Keynes-Working controversy concerning the explanation for the existence of an inverse-carrying charge.
Kidney Grafts From HCV-Positive Donors: Advantages and Disadvantages

The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database (2001-2006) was reviewed for kidney transplant (KT) recipients, to evaluate the effects of use of grafts from donors positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) on recipient outcome. Data for 76,787 de novo adult KT recipients were included in the analysis. Serologic tests revealed HCV positivity in 6.25% of cadaver kidneys and 2.97% of living-donor kidneys. Median follow-up in patients still alive was 36 months. At multivariable Cox regression analysis in recipients of cadaver kidney, HCV serostatus was significantly associated with overall and graft survival (both P < .001), with a hazard ratio for HCV-positive patients of 1.43 for overall survival and 1.48 for graft survival. Similar results were obtained for living-donor kidney recipients. Recipients of HCV-positive organs tended to be male and African American and to have a shorter waiting time. Infection was the most commonly reported cause of death in recipients of organs from HCV-positive donors. In patients willing to accept HCV-positive grafts (929 [25.6%]), waiting time was significantly shortened (P < .001). However, this benefit was offset by decreased patient survival (P < .001) and graft survival (P = .007).
Bio-Barriers: Preventing Forward Contamination and Protecting Planetary Astrobiology Instruments

A small team of engineers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology have developed a unique capability for protecting planetary environments that might harbor bio-signatures, as well as protecting the instruments looking for trace organic signatures of past and/or extant life. Bio-barrier materials, designs of bio-barrier structures for flight applications, and actual flight test results for missions such as the upcoming Mars Scout, Phoenix, 07 launch are discussed in this in-depth examination of both the process and steps taken to develop effective bio-barrier mechanisms for planetary environments.
The Metaparadigm of Nursing: Present Status and Future Refinements

The central concepts and themes of the discipline of nursing are identified and formalized as nursing's metaparadigm. Examples illustrate the direction provided by the metaparadigm for theory development. Refinements of the metaparadigm through conceptual models and programs of nursing research are proposed.
The Travelogue and the Ode—Aleksandr Radishchev's Polemic with the Court Ode in Puteshestvie iz Peterburga v Moskvu

In the oft-quoted dedication of his Puteshestvie iz Peterburga v Moskvu, Aleksandr Radishchev's narrator highlights the need to “look straight” and attributes mankind's misery to obscured vision. He sets on his journey in an effort restore proper visual perception to his people. Yet the manner in which the journey can enable this restoration is less than clear. In fact, this issue has prompted several recent reevaluations of vision in the travelogue. In this essay I return to the problem of vision and reconsider Radishchev's visual challenge in the Puteshestvie. I suggest that restoration of vision is deeply tied to artistic genre and its means of representing reality. As Mikhail Bakhtin and P. N. Medvedev have argued in the Formal Method in Literary Scholarship that every genre has its unique “means of seeing and conceptualizing reality.” As they suggest, the artist “must learn to see reality through the eyes of the genre.” These remarks are especially relevant to the neoclassical ode, a genre with a peculiar perspective defined by aesthetic distance. Due to its status as foundational genre of Russian literature, the ode and its peculiar “eye” are given substantial attention in Radishchev's thoughts about artistic vision. Radishchev spends considerable time addressing and polemicizing against the ode on both political and aesthetic grounds. As I show, Radishchev's narrator is drawn to the ode's dominant visual perspective, but employs his experience as traveler to move away from that aesthetic. This endeavor does not result in a comprehensive new visual perspective; instead, Radishchev's polemic is aimed at reorienting the Russian literary gaze and locating it closer to the phenomenology of being. It is this relocation, rather than a proper emendation of the gaze, that is at the heart of Radishchev's project.
The use of probability trees in genetic counselling

Calculation of genetic risks of persons who may be carriers of X-linked recessive conditions or autosomal dominant diseases with incomplete or delayed penetrance often requires the use of Bayes' theorem. Available methods of computing such risks are often too difficult or too time-consuming for clinicians to use routinely. Probability trees provide a rapid and simple graphical means of estimating genetic risks even in complex clinical situations. The use of probability trees is easily learned because the logic upon which they are based is inherent in their structure.
Circular dichroism of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus

Abstract Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus exhibit three positive ellipticity bands between 240 and 300 nm (250, 283, and 292 nm), two negative bands at 327 and 480 nm, and a low-intensity positive band at 390 nm. The fractions of helix β-form, and unordered form of the enzyme are 8, 38, and 54%, respectively. The circular dichroic bands at 327 and 480 nm and a part of the positive bands at 292 and 390 nm are associated with enzyme activity. Significant changes in absorption and CD spectra of the enzyme were observed when the temperature of the enzyme preparation was increased to 47°C, coinciding with the sharp decrease in enzyme activity observed at this temperature.
Optimal process design with model parameter uncertainty and process variability

Optimal design under unknown information is a key task in process systems engineering. This study considers formulations that incorporate two types of unknown input parameters, uncertain model parameters, and variable process parameters. In the former case, a process must be designed that is feasible over the entire domain of uncertain parameters, while in the latter case, control variables can be adjusted during process operation to compensate for variable process parameters. To address this problem we extend the two-stage formulation for design under uncertainty and derive new formulations for the multiperiod and feasibility problems. Moreover, to simplify the feasibility problem in the two-stage algorithm, we also introduce a KS constraint aggregation function and derive a single, smooth nonlinear program that approximates the feasibility problem. Three case studies are presented to demonstrate the proposed approach.
Quantitative phase-contrast digital holographic microscopy for cell dynamic evaluation

The laser microbeam uses lasers to alter and/or to ablate intracellular organelles and cellular and tissue samples, and, today, has become an important tool for cell biologists to study the molecular mechanism of complex biological systems by removing individual cells or sub-cellular organelles. However, absolute quantitation of the localized alteration/damage to transparent phase objects, such as the cell membrane or chromosomes, was not possible using conventional phase-contrast or differential interference contrast microscopy. We report the development of phase-contrast digital holographic microscopy for quantitative evaluation of cell dynamic changes in real time during laser microsurgery. Quantitative phase images are recorded during the process of laser microsurgery and thus, the dynamic change in phase can be continuously evaluated. Out-of-focus organelles are re-focused by numerical reconstruction algorithms.