cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Rise of the National Atlas

National atlases play multiple roles. In addition to providing a coherent summary of a country's physical and human geography, the national atlas has been a symbol of national unity, scientific achievement, and political independence. The first national atlas, Christopher Saxton's Atlas of England and Wales (1579), not only represented the unity of the English state but also celebrated Elizabeth I's patronage of astronomy and geography. Although governments have commissioned single-county atlases intermittently since Saxton's time, the national atlas did not emerge as a distinct cartographic genre until the late nineteenth century. Cartobibliographies and other enumerations of national atlases reveal noteworthy increases during the 1920s and 1930s and again in the 1950s and 1960s, when many former colonies gained independence. Les atlas nationaux jouent plusieurs roles. En plus de procurer un sommaire coherent de la geographie humaine et physique d'un pays, l'atlas national a ete un symbole d'unite nation...
Target location and sensor fusion through calculated and measured image differencing

The ability to rapidly detect and identify potential targets both fixed and mobile from multiple sensor feeds is a critical function in network centric warfare. In this paper we describe the use of Image Differencing and 3D terrain database editing in order to fuse oblique aerial photos, IR sensor imagery, and other non-traditional data sources to produce battlefield metrics that support network centric operations. Such metrics include target detection, recognition, and location, and improved knowledge of the target environment. Key to our approach is the rapid generation of target and background signatures from high-resolution 1-meter object descriptor terrain databases. This technique utilizes the difference between measured and calculated sensor images to 1) update and correct knowledge of the terrain background, 2) register multi sensor imagery 3) identify potential/candidate targets based on residual image differencing and 3) measure and report target locations based on scene matching. The technique is especially suited for utilizing imagery from reconnaissance and remotely piloted vehicle sensors. It also holds promise for automation and real-time data reduction of battlefield sensor feeds and for improving now-time situational awareness. We will present the algorithms and approach utilized in the Image Differencing technique. We will also describe the software developed to implement the approach. Lastly we will present the results of experiments and benchmarks conducted to identify and measure target locations in test locations at Ft. Hood, TX and Ft. Hunter Liggett, CA.
Accounts of suicidality in the Huntington disease community.

Health professionals, researchers, and philosophers have debated extensively about suicide. Some believe suicides result from mental pathology, whereas others argue that individuals are capable of rational suicide. This debate is particularly poignant within illness communities, where individuals may be suffering from chronic and incurable conditions. This article engages with these issues by presenting the accounts of 20 individuals with Huntington disease (HD), a fatal degenerative condition, and 10 informal caregivers (e.g., spouses). Suicide is a leading cause of death amongst people with HD, with an incidence rate many times higher than the general population. In contrast to the majority of the academic literature on HD suicidality, study participants did not connect suicide with mental pathology. Instead, they perceived suicide as a response to the realities of living with HD, such as prolonged physiological degeneration and the need for long-term intensive health care. These findings are subsequent...
Teaching Special Relativity: Developing a Software Aid for Spacetime Diagrams

Special Relativity is an important subject for the space sciences, but is often difficult for students to understand. Spacetime diagrams provide a graphical tool to aid in the conceptual understanding of relativity. The SpaceTime applet is designed to aid students in drawing spacetime diagrams and setting up diagrams for specific problems. A lab activity is also developed for use with the applet in studying spacetime diagrams.
A new class of soluble basic protein precursors of the cornified envelope of mammalian epidermis

Abstract The cornified envelope hs been shown to be formed beneath the plasma membrane as a result of the cross-linking of soluble and membrane-associated precursor proteins by transglutaminase. We have obtained a monoclonal antibody which reacts with the periphery of cells in the upper layers of human epidermis by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) following immunization of mice with cornified envelopes of cultured human keratinocytes. The antibody also stained the cell peripheries of bovine, rat and mouse epidermis as well as stratified epithelium. Neutral buffer extracts of human cultured keratinocytes and epidermis examined under denaturing conditions contained polypeptides of molecular weight 14 900 and 16 800 which reacted with the antibody, and an additional component of molecular weight 24 800 was found in cultured cells. The polypeptides were shown to have a p I of about 9.0. Under non-denaturing conditions the two lower-molecular-weight polypeptides had an apparent molecular weight of 30 000, while the 24 800 protein had one of 60 000. Incubation of the polypeptides under conditions that activate transglutaminase resulted in a disappearance of the polypeptides or the formation of cross-linked products. Basic polypeptides with somewhat different p I values and molecular weights were identified in neutral buffer extracts of bovine and rat epidermis. The HCE-2 antibody appears to identify a new class of basic protein precursors of mammalian cornified envelope.
Material transport in a continuous rotary drum. Effect of discharge plate geometry

Abstract Experimental results on the influence of the discharge plate geometry on the dimensionless residence time distribution (RTD) for material transport in a continuous rotary drum are described. The RTD obtained by a stimulus-response technique for the different discharge plates can be described well by the axial dispersed flow model. Based on the characteristic Peclet number of the flow regime, material flow tended more towards the plug flow condition at an intermediate size discharge opening. Calculation of the axial dispersion coefficient in each case revealed that the open-ended drum behaved more like an ideal mixer. The implication of these results on the design of continuous rotary devices is discussed.
Influence of Order-Disorder Transformations on the Electrical Resistivity of Vanadium Carbide

The electrical resistivity of single crystals of vanadium carbide has been studied as a function of composition and temperature. Particular attention has been devoted to the resistivity of the two ordered phases of vanadium carbide, ${\mathrm{V}}_{6}$${\mathrm{C}}_{5}$ and ${\mathrm{V}}_{8}$${\mathrm{C}}_{7}$. Both solids have been shown to undergo first-order transformations to the disordered state at elevated temperature. The results of this investigation have been used to assess the role of carbon vacancies in determining the resistivity of the disordered solids. Vacancy scattering accounts for over 90% of the residual resistivity (resistivity at liquid-He temperatures) of the disordered solids but reduces in importance as temperature increases. The change in the resistivity of ${\mathrm{V}}_{6}$${\mathrm{C}}_{5}$ at its critical point was found to be 5.4 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.3 \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\Omega} cm or (3.6 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.2)% of the total resistivity of the disordered solid. The corresponding change found for ${\mathrm{V}}_{8}$${\mathrm{C}}_{7}$ was 20.1 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.4 \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\Omega} cm or (14.7 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.0)%. The critical temperatures for disordering in the two ordered phases were determined to be (1275 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 8) \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C for ${\mathrm{V}}_{6}$${\mathrm{C}}_{5}$ and (1124 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 15) \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C for ${\mathrm{V}}_{8}$${\mathrm{C}}_{7}$. The vanadium-carbon system was also shown to have a strong preference for one or the other of the ordered phases for nearly all compositions in the range $0.83\ensuremath{\le}x\ensuremath{\le}0.90$, where $x$ is the carbon-to-metal ratio.
Acute gangrenous appendicitis with unusual complication

Summary The unusual features of this case are: (1) The volvulus of the mesentery with rupture of the terminal ileum, (2) the accompanying acute gangrenous appendicitis with rupture, (3) the type of treatment used, and (4) a result beyond all expectations.
Absence of ACTH-like activity in nocardia asteroides

Abstract Seventeen-hydroxycorticosteroid determinations were done on adrenal effluent blood from intact and hypophysectomized dogs before and after injection of ACTH, Nocardia asteroides lysate, and supernatent culture medium. The lysate and culture medium caused an increase in secretion of 17-OHCS in the intact animals but not in the hypophysectomized animals. This indicates that the organism does not form an ACTH-like material previously suggested as an explanation for the simultaneous occurrence of nocardiosis and Cushing's syndrome.
Electronic structure of the Au/benzene-1,4-dithiol/Au transport interface: Effects of chemical bonding

Abstract We present results of electronic structure calculations for well-relaxed Au/benzene-1,4-dithiol/Au molecular contacts, based on density functional theory and the generalized gradient approximation. Electronic states in the vicinity of the Fermi energy are mainly of Au 5d and S 3p symmetry, whereas contributions of C 2p states are very small. Hybridization between C 2p orbitals within the benzene substructure is strongly suppressed due to S–C bonding. In agreement with experimental findings, this corresponds to a significantly reduced conductance of the molecular contact.
Influence of the Coriolis Force on Two-Dimensional Model Storms

Abstract Two-dimensional model simulations were made to gage the effect of the Coriolis force on model squall lines. The case chosen for intensive study had low-to-moderate wind shear confined to low levels. With this wind shear, two Coriolis simulations were made, with and without a geostrophically balanced along-line temperature gradient. Additional simulations were made with other wind shear intensifies to test the sensitivity to low-level shear. Unlike their nonrotational counterparts, none of the Coriolis model storms were able to attain or maintain a “quasi-equilibrium” state. Quasi-equilibrium storms possess mature phases characterized by essentially statistically steady behavior with respect to storm strength, propagation speed, etc. Instead, the Coriolis storms possessed mature phases marked by gradual but definite decay. These are the first model storms created with the present model sounding and wind profiles that have terminal mature phases due to physically realistic forcings. However, the ti...
A validity assessment of the Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI)

Development organisations need easy-to-use and quick-to-implement indicators to quantify poverty when requested to measure program impact. In this paper we assess the validity of the Progress out of Poverty Index (PPI)™, a country-specific indicator based on ten closed questions on directly observable household characteristics, by its compliance to the SMART criteria. Each response receives a pre-determined score, such that the sum of these scores can be converted into the likelihood the household is living below the poverty line. We focus on the PPI scorecard for Rwanda, which was validated using two national household surveys conducted in 2005/06 and 2010/11. The PPI is Specific, Measurable, Available cost effectively, and Timely available. Yet, its Relevance depends on the way it is used. Although it accurately distinguishes poor from non-poor households, making it a useful reporting tool, its limited sensitivity to changes in poverty status restricts its usefulness for evaluating the impact of development projects.
Abscission of Phaseolus and Impatiens Explants: Effects of Ionizing Radiation upon Endogenous Growth Regulators and de Novo Enzyme Synthesis.

Stem-petiole explants from the lower pulvinus of the primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Red Kidney and from Impatiens sultani Hook cv. Scarlet Baby were exposed to varying dosages of γ-radiation. With bean, irradiation of 175 to 525 kiloroentgens (kR) significantly accelerated the onset of abscission with a maximum response at 175 to 280 kR. Higher dosages (beginning at 600-700 kR) usually prevented abscission. With Impatiens , 18 to 35 kR significantly accelerated both the onset of abscission and possibly the initial abscission rate; 350 kR cut the time to 100% abscission in half and substantially accelerated the initial abscission rate. Inhibition of abscission in Impatiens was not possible with the available dose rate (35 kR/hour). The accelerating effect of ionizing radiation was apparently due to primarily a reduction in auxin activity, thus accelerating the shift from the relatively ethylene-insensitive stage I to the ethylene-sensitive stage II. In vitro irradiation of exogenous auxin in agar substantially reduced the abscission-delaying effects of the auxin. The low dosage accelerating effects of the ionizing radiation were negated by exogenous auxin application, either prior to or following irradiation. With prior auxin application, a higher concentration of auxin was required to achieve the same delaying effects as with application following irradiation. Apparently due to this reduction in auxin activity, irradiation hastened sensitivity to exogenous ethylene. The accelerating effects of ionizing radiation may be secondarily due to increased levels of endogenous ethylene. With bean tissues, exposures of 262 through 1500 kR of γ radiation increased the measurable levels of endogenous ethylene released into the ambient air within 2 or 3 days after irradiation. The results of actinomycin D treatment suggested that required de novo RNA synthesis occurred about 4 hours earlier in those Impatiens explants that had received 105 kR γ radiation than in the nonirradiated controls. An increased mobilization of Ca from the abscission zone may be a contributing factor in the radiation-induced acceleration of abscission. For both bean and Impatiens , exogenous Ca inhibited abscission of irradiated and nonirradiated explants. In addition, a more concentrated Ca solution was required to inhibit abscission of irradiated bean explants, as compared to the nonirradiated controls.
Resolving a variable number of hypotheses with multiple sensors

A family of multi-sensor detection problems is proposed in which the number of hypotheses to be resolved can be traded off against the probability of error, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the number of sensors. Using large deviations and an approximation of the large deviation rate function, it is shown that the number of hypotheses resolvable at a specified error probability is proportional to the square root of the product of the SNR and the number of sensors, and the constant of proportionality depends on the logarithm of the desired error probability. Similar analysis shows that the SNR required to resolve a specified number of hypotheses at a specified error probability is proportional to the square of the number of hypotheses to be resolved and inversely proportional to the number of sensors. Examples are included to illustrate the results.
Bridged Composite Right/Left Handed Unit Cell With All-Pass and Triple Band Response

A modified design of the composite right/left handed (CRLH) unit cell showing all-pass and triple band response is proposed. By using an additional inductance which cross-couples the input and output ports of the conventional CRLH, a bridged CRLH unit cell (B-CRLH) is created. This allows additional right-handed (RH) wave propagation below the cutoff frequency of the conventional CRLH to dc, forming a new low-frequency-RH band with a non-linear dispersion relationship. Meantime, a mid-frequency-LH band and a high-frequency-RH band, which are inherited from the conventional CRLH, are still present, resulting in triple band configuration. The dispersion relation and Bloch impedance of the B-CRLH are investigated by standard periodic analysis. Balanced conditions to close transitions between the three bands, to realize all-pass behavior, are derived. Full wave structure simulations show good agreement with circuital simulations and measurement. Also, a triband open-stub consisting of two B-CRLH unit cells is demonstrated as an application example.
Elemental and organic carbon particle concentrations: A long-term perspective

Abstract Long-term trends in organic and elemental carbon particle concentrations can be explored by establishment of new routine air monitoring programs, by analysis of archived filter samples, and by calibration of reflectance-based tape samplers to read in terms of equivalent elemental carbon concentrations. These methods have been combined to study the long-term history of organic and elemental carbon particle concentrations at Downtown Los Angeles. Particulate elemental and organic carbon concentrations both peak during winter months, a behavior characteristic of primary traffic-derived pollutants like CO and lead. The ratio of total carbon to elemental carbon present in fine particles in Downtown Los Angeles shows little seasonal dependence, and averages 2.6:1 over an annual cycle, a composition that approximates the ratio of total to elemental carbon in primary source emissions.
Ontogeny of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody production in HIV-1-infected infants.

Abstract The early serologic response of infants to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is normally obscured by the presence of transplacentally acquired maternal HIV antibody. By measuring HIV antibody produced in vitro by lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood of infants and children of HIV-1-infected mothers, we have been able to study the natural acquisition of humoral immunity to perinatal HIV-1 infection. One hundred ninety-seven infants of HIV-1-infected women were studied prospectively and longitudinally from birth. In the neonatal period, infected infants produced only small amounts of HIV-specific IgG antibodies to a restricted number of antigens. The amount of immunoglobulin to HIV-1 and the number of HIV-1 antigens recognized increased with age. After 6 months of life 85% of infected infants made detectable antibody to two or more viral proteins. Antibody to gp160 appeared first and was the most frequently found at all ages, followed by antibody to the envelope proteins gp120 and gp41. The amount of HIV antibody produced correlated positively with the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood. This assay provides a method of studying the immunogenicity of vaccines against HIV-1 in HIV-1-infected infants and of assessing the effect of early therapeutic interventions on the humoral response to HIV-1.
Experiment length and sample size for negative binomial sampling

The negative binomial distribution is a compound Poisson distribution which is useful in life-testing and other applications. The length of experiment required lo achieve a specified power when testing the average failure rate is considered, and a closed form approximation is provided. The more general question of determining the optimum combination of sample size and expciintent length tu minimize experimental cost is also considered, and an approximate closed form solution is given. These results would also be useful in other applications with negative binomial sampling.
Volumetric properties of LiCl(aq) from 0.05 to 3.0 mol·kg−1, 322 to 550 K, and 0.8 to 32.6 MPa

Abstract A vibrating-tube flow densimeter was used to measure differences between the densities of LiCl(aq) and water from 0.05 to 3 mol·kg−1, 322 to 550 K, and 0.8 to 32.6 MPa. A multidimensional cubic spline surface was fitted to the experimental results; it represented the apparent molar volume as a function of T, p, and m 1 2 , and conformed to the Debye-Huckel limiting law. Recommended values of specific and apparent molar volumes were generated from the knots defining the surface. The results compare well with most available literature values near the ambient temperature. From 373 to 473 K there is only one set of literature results (at four molalities and one pressure); above 473 K the present results are the only ones available.
Sinus and meningeal vessel pattern changes induced by artificial cranial deformation: A pilot study

This study explores the changes in sinus and meningeal vessel patterns caused by various types of artificial cranial deformation. Endocranial casts were prepared from six crania exhibiting one of three types of deformation (lambdoid, parallelo-fronto-occipital and fronto-vertico-occipital), as well as from 15 undeformed crania. Vessel and sulcus patterns of each cranium were analysed and these patterns included depth of impressions, size and number of vessels, and directional pathways of vessels. Comparisons were made within and between the different deformation types. The results indicated that deformation has an effect upon the pattern, shape and depth of vessel impressions. Vessels tended to be flattened in the areas directly affected by cranial deformation, and there was often compensatory enlargement of other vessels. Further, three of the six artificially deformed crania exhibited enlarged occipital/marginal sinuses, suggesting that this trait is developmentally plastic and greatly influenced by environmental factors.
The Era-like GTPase TrmE conditionally activates gadE and glutamate-dependent acid resistance in Escherichia coli.

Summary Escherichia coli survives pH 2 acid stress at a level rivalling Helicobacter pylori. Of the three E. coli acid resistance systems involved, the one most efficient and most studied uses isozymes of glutamate decarboxylase (GadA/GadB) to consume intracellular protons, and a glutamate:γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) anti-porter (GadC) to expel GABA in exchange for extracellular glutamate. Because acid resistance is a critical factor in resisting stomach acidity, mechanisms that control this system are extremely important. Here we show that an Era-like, molecular switch GTPase called TrmE regulates glutamate-dependent acid resistance. Western blot analysis revealed a TrmE-dependent, glucose-induced system and a TrmE-independent, glucose-repressed pathway. Gene fusion studies indicated that the TrmE requirement for GadA/B production takes place at both the transcriptional and translational levels. TrmE controls GAD transcription by affecting the expression of GadE, the essential activator of the gadA and gadBC genes. TrmE most probably controls gadE expression indirectly by influencing the synthesis or activity of an unknown regulator that binds the gadE control region. Translational control of GAD production by TrmE appears to be more direct, affecting synthesis of the decarboxylase and the anti-porter proteins. TrmE GTPase activity was critical for both the transcriptional and translational effects. Thus, TrmE is part of an increasingly complex control network designed to integrate diverse physiological signals and forecast future exposures to extreme acid. The significance of this network extends beyond acid resistance as the target of this control, GadE, regulates numerous genes in addition to gadA/BC.
Quantification of seasonal sediment and phosphorus transport dynamics in an agricultural watershed using radiometric fingerprinting techniques

Purpose Phosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient for most US Midwestern aquatic systems and, therefore, increases of P, through point or non-point sources (NPS) of pollution such as agriculture,causeseutrophication. Identifying specific NPS contributions (e.g., upland vs. stream channels) for sediments and P is difficult due to the distributed nature of the pollution. Therefore, studies which link the spatial and temporal aspects of sediment and P transport in these systems can help better characterize the extent of NPS pollution. Materials and methods Our study used fingerprinting techniques to determine sources of sediments in an agricultural watershed (the North Fork of the Pheasant Branch watershed; 12.4 km 2 area) in Wisconsin, USA, during the spring, summer, and fallseasons of2009. Theprimary sources considered were uplands (cultivated fields), stream bank, and streambed. The model used fallout radionuclides, 137 Cs, and 210 Pbxs, along with total P to determine primary sediment sources. A shorter-lived fallout radioisotope, 7 Be, was used to determine the sediment age and percent new sediments in streambed and suspended sediment samples (via the 7 Be/ 210 Pbxs ratio). Results and discussion Upland areas were the primary source of suspended sediments in the stream channels followed by stream banks. The sediment age and percent new sediment for the streambed and suspended sediments showed that the channel contained and transported newer (or more recently tagged with 7 Be) sediments in the spring season (9–131 days sediment age), while relatively old sediments (165–318 days) were moving through the channel system during the fall season. Conclusions Upland areas are the major contributors to instream suspended sediments in this watershed. Sediment resuspension in stream channels could play an important role during the later part of the year. Best management practices should be targeted in the upland areas to reduce the export of sedimentsandsediment-boundPfromagriculturalwatersheds.
The Potential for Catastrophic Auditor Litigation

Audit firms continue to lobby for legal liability limits based on their contention that catastrophic civil litigation is a realistic possibility. However, others disagree that catastrophic litigation is a viable threat to the audit firms and oppose legal reform at this time. To inform this debate, this study estimates the probability that a Big Four audit firm will face catastrophic litigation. Estimates are based upon recent disclosures by audit firms regarding settlements, litigation cost, and internal financial information. The results indicate that the likelihood of catastrophic liability is low in absolute terms. Assuming liquidation only when liability reaches a threshold that includes annual income, retirement benefits, and windup costs for the firm, the likelihood of at least one Big Four firm facing litigation substantial enough to trigger voluntary liquidation is ∼0.6% over a 5-year period. These findings are consistent with auditors being able to sustain litigation under the current legal system. However, the probability would increase dramatically if firms changed their financial structures to remove partner retirement benefits. In such a case, I estimate that the likelihood of catastrophic litigation is as high as 2.8% over a 1-year period and 14.1% over a 5-year period, depending on the level of variable associated litigation costs assumed. Copyright 2013, Oxford University Press.
Striking changes in the sleep satisfaction of university students over the last two decades.

Over two decades, our data document a substantial linear increase in the percentage of university students who self-reported dissatisfaction with their sleep, i.e., 24% in 1978, 53% in 1988, and 71% in 2000.
γ-linolenic acid-containing diet attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in hamsters

Although bleomycin (BLM), an antineoplastic drug, is used in the treatment of a variety of tumors, the mechanism(s) that contribute to its induced lung injury and fibrosis are not fully elucidated. Since alterations in the levels of certain fatty acid metabolites have been associated with BLM-induced lung injury, we tested the effects of dietary γ-linolenic acid (GLA)-containing evening primrose oil on BLM-induced morphological alterations in the hamster lung, the marked elevation of tissue hydroxyproline (a marker for collagen synthesis), and elevated generation of arachidonic acid metabolites (marker of inflammatory mediators). Our data revealed that after 14 d of dietary GLA-containing oil (i) BLM-induced elevation of lung hydroxyproline was suppressed (P<0.05), (ii) the marked BLM-induced elevation of lung leukotriene B4 (LTB4) (a marker of polymorphonuclear generation of proinflammatory LTB4) was significantly suppressed (P<0.05). The decrease in LTB4 was accompanied by marked elevations (P<0.05) of lung prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and 15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (15-HETrE), both with known antiinflammatory properties. Taken together, data from these studies suggest that dietary GLA-containing oil contributes to tissue elevation of PGE1 and 15-HETrE, which in vivo may attenuate lung inflammation and fibrosis.
The process of victimization: The victims' perspective

Twenty-three child victims (aged 10-18 years) of childhood sexual abuse were interviewed about the victimization process, the person who abused them, and how abuse might have been prevented. Specific questions obtained information about the quality of the relationship between victim and offender, the offender's pre-abuse behavior, the explanation for the behavior given by the offender, and the child's understanding of the behavior. Results suggest that the victimization process involves three overlapping processes: sexualization of the relationship, justification of the sexual contact, and maintenance of the child's cooperation.
How a weekend becomes an ideal: pilgrimage in the breast cancer walk

How does a weekend become a time-place marking a change from what one was to what one becomes? For some participants, the 3-day breast cancer walks are peak experiences where they enter a world of support and purpose and traverse through an event packed to bursting with significance. For some, the walks become the preferred way to fight breast cancer. In this paper, the author applies rhetorical and spatial analysis to participation, observation and interview materials to propose that the model of pilgrimage at least partly explains how a person may walk into an event on an experiment and walk out as a convert. Examining especially the event’s closing ceremony, the author shows the ways the breast cancer walk rhetorically creates a pilgrimage site and saints of place and thereby proffers itself as the best solution for the societal problem of breast cancer.
The Influence of Realistic Reynolds Numbers on Slat Noise Simulations

The slat noise from the 30P/30N high-lift system has been computed using a computational fluid dynamics code in conjunction with a Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings solver. Varying the Reynolds number from 1.71 to 12.0 million based on the stowed chord resulted in slight changes in the radiated noise. Tonal features in the spectra were robust and evident for all Reynolds numbers and even when a spanwise flow was imposed. The general trends observed in near-field fluctuations were also similar for all the different Reynolds numbers. Experiments on simplified, subscale high-lift systems have exhibited noticeable dependencies on the Reynolds number and tripping, although primarily for tonal features rather than the broadband portion of the spectra. Either the 30P/30N model behaves differently, or the computational model is unable to capture these effects. Hence, the results underscore the need for more detailed measurements of the slat cove flow.
Psychology of charismatic followers.

An operational psychological definition of charisma is possible on the basis of Freud's projection theory. This shows that (a) the social sources of charisma lie in object-loss, (b) the intense love of the follower for the leader is the result of projection, and (c) the experience of the leader's qualities as uncanny is the result of the follower's inability to make his conscious aware of the unconsciously undertaken projection. Three cases are examined: those of the followers of pre-Exile Judaic prophets, of Jesus, and of Hitler.
An improved procedure for the extraction of temporal motion strength signals from video recordings of neonatal seizures

This paper presents a procedure developed to extract quantitative motion information from video recordings of neonatal seizures in the form of temporal motion strength signals. Temporal motion strength signals are obtained from a sequence of video frames by measuring the displacement areas of the infants' moving body part(s) from frame to frame of the video sequence. The proposed motion segmentation procedure relies on the application of non-linear filtering, vector clustering, and morphological filtering to the differences between adjacent frames. The experiments indicate that temporal motion strength signals constitute a satisfactory representation of videotaped clinical events and may be used for automated seizure recognition.
Effects of humidity on eggs and immatures of Neoseiulus fallacis, Amblysieus andersoni, Metaseiulus occidentalis and Typhlodromus pyri (Phytoseiidae): implications for biological control on apple, caneberry, strawberry and hop

The lethal humidity (LH50) responses at 20°C of eggs of two strains of Neoseiulus fallacis (Garman) were 71.6 and 69.7%; of three strains of Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) were 62.9, 62.0 and 62.4% and of one strain each of Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten and Metaseiulus occidentalis Nesbitt were 55.0 and 28.4%, respectively. Eggs of three genetically distinct strains of A. andersoni from Oregon, the Netherlands and Italy did not respond differently from one another nor did eggs of freely hybridizing N. fallacis from Michigan and Oregon. Mortality of larvae through development to early protonymphs at 50% RH, 20°C. was 91.9, 82.3, 46.2 and 31.0% for fed mites and 98.1, 83.2, 67.0 and 89.7% for unfed mites of Oregon strains of N. fallacis, A. andersoni, T. pyri and M. occidentalis, repectively. Fed larvae-protonymphs of M. occidentalis and T. pyri were more tolerant of low humidity than fed larvae-protonymphs of N. fallacis and A. andersoni. Mortality was less for fed than unfed larvae-protonymphs of M. occidentalis and T. pyri, but there were no differences for A. andersoni and N. fallacis. Levels of feeding by predator larvae on T. urticae and cannibalism by phytoseiid protonymphs contributed to species differences. Responses to humidity are discussed in relation to geographic and host plant distributions and biological control by single or mixed species populations of phytoseiids.
Comparison of asymmetric quadrupole rotor energy level predictions for even nuclei with experimental results

Abstract The asymmetric quadrupole rotor energy predictions, taking into account the interactions of the rotations with the beta vibrations, are compared with experimental results. The agreement between experiment and theory is good for nuclei with R e ( 1 4+) = [ E e ( 1 4+)/ E e ( 1 2+)]≧8/3. Even parity energy levels of nuclei with R e ( 1 4+)
Androgen sensitivity of rat prostate carcinoma studied by 31P NMR spectroscopy, 1H MR imaging, and 23Na MR imaging

31P NMR spectroscopy, 1H magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and 23Na MR imaging were used to study the biochemical difference between nine hormone-sensitive and six hormone-resistant rat prostate cancers and to follow bioenergetic and morphologic changes subsequent to androgen deprivation in the hormone-sensitive model. Neither 1H nor 23Na MR image characteristics were useful in distinguishing androgen-sensitive from androgen-resistant prostate cancer nor in identifying androgen deprivation. 31P NMR spectroscopy did detect bioenergetic differences between the hormone-sensitive and hormone-resistant tumors. Baseline spectra showed a significantly higher PCr/ATP ratio (mean 0.86 ± 0.09 SEM) for hormone-sensitive tumors than for hormone-resistant tumors (mean 0.26 ± 0.07 SEM). By 3 days after androgen deprivation (orchiectomy (castration)), PCr/ATP ratios had decreased noticeably; by 1 week, the decrease was statistically significant and remained so for the rest of the study (3 weeks). It appears that 31P NMR spectroscopy is useful in detecting androgen sensitivity of prostatic carcinoma. © 1989 Academic Press, Inc.
Seed bank, biomass, and productivity of Halophila decipiens, a deep water seagrass on the west Florida continental shelf

Abstract One of the largest contiguous seagrass ecosystems in the world is located on the shallow continental shelf adjacent to the west coast of Florida, USA and is comprised of seasonally ephemeral Halophila decipiens meadows. Little is known about the demography of the west Florida shelf H. decipiens , which may produce 4.56 × 10 8 g C day −1 or more during the peak growing season. We documented seagrass distribution, biomass, and productivity, and density of sediment seed reserves, seedlings, flowers and fruits on the southeastern portion of the west Florida shelf by sampling along a transect at three stations in 10, 15, and 20 m water depth. Biomass, flower, fruit, seedling, and seed bank densities tended to be highest at stations in 10–15 m water depth and lowest at 20 m. Flowers and fruit were most prevalent during summer cruises (June and August 1999, July 2000). Seedling germination occurred during summer, fall (October 1999), and winter (January 2000) sampling events, with the highest seedling densities present during the winter. Seed bank density remained consistent through time. A Category I hurricane with sustained winds of 120 km h −1 passed over the stations, but only limited impact on H. decipiens biomass was observed. The presence of a persistent seed bank provides for recovery after storm disturbance, annual reestablishment of populations, and continual maintenance of the 20,000 km 2 of deep water seagrass habitat present on the west Florida shelf.
Treatment Advice on the Internet Leads to a Life-Threatening Adverse Reaction: Hypotension Associated with Niacin Overdose

We describe a case of massive oral niacin overdose that resulted in severe persistent hypotension without the manifestation of cutaneous flushing. This case is the highest overdose of niacin reported in the literature to date and the first time severe persistent hypotension has been attributed to niacin. A 56-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia presented to the emergency department after orally ingesting 11,000 mg of niacin. The patient cited an Internet resource that recommended high-dose niacin for therapy of schizophrenia as the reason for his ingestion. He stopped his psychiatric medications several weeks prior to his niacin overdose. At presentation, the patient was alert and normothermic. His pulse was 68 beats per minute and his blood pressure was initially 92/41 mmHg. Hypotension with a blood pressure of 58/40 developed over the next few hours and persisted despite intravenous infusion of over 4 liters of normal saline. The physical exam was otherwise unremarkable, specifically without signs of an allergic reaction or cutaneous flushing. He required intravenous dopamine infusion for 12 hours to support a mean arterial blood pressure greater than 60 mmHg. Evaluation for other etiologies of hypotension was unrevealing. Serum niacin levels were 8.2 ug/ mL and 5.6 ug/mL at 48 and 96 hours post ingestion, respectively, giving an apparent T1/2 of 87 hours. Massive overdose of niacin appears to be capable of causing severe, persistent hypotension in the absence of cutaneous flushing. In this case, the ingestion of a dietary supplement based on Internet advice led to a severe adverse reaction.
Hyperbolic-parabolic singular perturbations for scalar nonlinearities

A hyperbolic-parabolic singular perturbation problem is considered for a nonlinear wave equation used a model for an extensible nonlinear string. An initial-boundary value problem is treated in which there is an initial layer at t = 0. It is proved that the solution of the reduced problem approximates the solution of the full problem uniformly on sets bounded in the time direction. The approximation is not uniform for the time derivatives unless initial layer correctors are added
PLASMA TESTOSTERONE DURING PREGNANCY IN THE MOUSE

Levels of plasma testosterone (T) were studied throughout pregnancy and on the day of parturition in selected strains of mice. A dramatic midpregnancy increase in androgen occurred in both strains examined (peak on day 9). A second increase in plasma T was found during the latter half of gestation (days 14-17), at which time plasma estradiol levels were elevated.
Are geckos olfactory specialists

Gekkonid lizards are shown to have well-developed nasal chemical senses. It is argued that they are unique among squamates so far studied in the degree of their olfactory (as opposed to vomeronasal) development. This contention is supported by evidence from the brain, nasal capsule, tongue, and experimental studies of behaviour. Limited evidence suggests that olfaction functions in food-finding and predator detection; vomerolfaction during investigation of novel stimuli and in reproduction. The conception of gekkonids as members of a ‘visual Ascalabota’ is not supported by these findings. Olfactory specialization makes geckos ideal subjects for tests of the Cowles and Phelan hypothesis of olfactory function and suggests that they might be better subjects than snakes for future studies of dual olfactory form, function and evolution in a nonmammalian lineage.
ENGINEERING ECONOMY ABSTRACTS ON-LINE: A STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW

ABSTRACT In 1970, Dr. Gerald Smith, Professor of Industrial Engineering at Iowa State University, began compiling abstracts of journal articles related to engineering economy. This tedious job continued through 1992 much as it had for the preceding 22 years, involving countless hours which resulted in abstracts that at best, bad already been in print for one year. However, with the advent of computer technology this task has changed dramatically, resulting in improvements in efficiency, breadth, relevance, and timeliness. This paper is written as an installment in the lineage of the engineering economy abstracts. First, an overview of the history of compiling the abstracts is presented. Then a list of journals by emphasis area and key search words is provided which can be used in conjunction with a review of the databases and their on-line source for obtaining engineering economy abstracts. It is the intent of this paper that the resources that are available to support research in engineering economy will...
Carbohydrate Metabolism and Acute Myocardial Infarction: Circulating Glucose, Insulin, Cortisol and Growth Hormone Responses and Excretion of Catecholamines

Carbohydrate metabolism was studied in ten patients during the first three weeks following acute myocardial infarction. All patients exhibited significant glucose intolerance over the three-week period and, therefore, a relative deficiency of insulin. Determination of insulin levels revealed that half of the patients secreted high levels and tended to be young and obese, while the other half who secreted normal amounts of insulin tended to be thin and elderly. Norepinephrine excretion was markedly increased in the first three days and returned to normal, while significant deviations in the glucose and insulin patterns persisted. Fasting serum cortisol and growth hormone concentrations remained normal. This suggests that abnormal peripheral utilization of insulin or production of abnormal insulin or relatively low levels of insulin is the cause of carbohydrate intolerance observed in post-myocardial infarction patients.
Host-pathogen systems biology.

Unlike traditional biological research that focuses on a small set of components, systems biology studies the complex interactions among a large number of genes, proteins, and other elements of biological networks and systems. Host-pathogen systems biology examines the interactions between the components of two distinct organisms: a microbial or viral pathogen and its animal host. With the availability of complete genomic sequences of a variety of hosts and pathogens, together with breakthroughs in proteomics, metabolomics, and other experimental areas, the investigation of host-pathogen systems on a multitude of levels of detail has come within reach. This chapter introduces methods and approaches for the analysis of host-pathogen systems. We will particularly emphasize the role of biochemical networks for the study of complex relationships across species boundaries. Although the research area of host-pathogen systems biology spans multiple spatial and temporal scales, we will focus on the molecular and cellular aspects of pathogen-host interactions. We will cover the construction of biochemical networks, the identification of functional response sub-networks, and their comparative network analysis. These methods find application in the identification of host markers and drug targets for further drug development and therapeutic interventions. We will also provide a brief review of other modeling techniques and applications within host-pathogen systems biology, including rule-based modeling of signal transduction pathways, immune system models, and physiological top-down approaches.
Transient expression from microprojectile-mediated DNA transfer in pinus taeda

Transfer of plasmid DNA to Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) cotyledon cells by microprojectile bombardment has been demonstrated using beta-glucuronidase (GUS). GUS histochemical staining indicated active enzyme in localized centers (blue spots) 24 hours after bombardment. GUS expression declined during subsequent culture, but remained detectable in meristematic tissue 62 days post-bombardment, however, transgenic shoots were not recovered. Localized GUS expression events resulted predominantly from single-cell events containing one microprojectile. The staining pattern was complex, with indigo found both in the central target cell and in adjacent cells. Cellular damage sustained by GUS-positive cells ranged from undetectable to sufficiently extensive to cause cell death. Microprojectile bombardment provides a useful method to assay transient gene expression in loblolly pine and has potential for the production of transgenic plants in pine.
Stress Fractures of the Medial Malleolus

Medial malleolar stress fractures account for only 10% of all stress fractures of the foot and ankle, but they can cause significant disability and loss of participation time, particularly in high-level athletes. They are most common in patients between the ages of 20 and 40 years and occur almost exclusively in athletes involved in sports that involve running and jumping. Medial malleolar stress fractures are considered at high risk for progression to complete fracture, delayed union, or nonunion and often are treated as acute fractures. An aggressive nonoperative protocol of nonweight-bearing cast immobilization (usually for 6 weeks) may be successful if the stress fracture is diagnosed soon after symptoms appear, but time to complete healing and safe return to activity may be as long as 6 to 8 months, an unacceptable solution for most elite athletes. Open reduction and internal fixation with 2 or 3 fully threaded cortical screws generally allow faster healing and return to activity when compared with nonoperative treatment.
“The Evil State of Tepidity”: Mass‐Going and Absenteeism in Nineteenth‐Century Australian Ecclesiastical Discourse*

This paper sets out to explore how the Australian Catholic Church's perceptions of Mass-going and absenteeism evolved in the mid-to-late nineteenth century. By examining the Lenten pastorals of Archbishop John Polding of Sydney, along with various mission sermons, the paper argues that a decisive shift is discernible after the 1860s. Where previous emphasis had fallen on absenteeism as a breakdown in the individual's relationship with God, later understandings introduced a dominant ecclesial imperative: Catholics who failed to attend Mass were also weakening the Church and effectively aiding hostile secular and Protestant forces arrayed against her. This shift was itself the product of a critical transformation in the field of ecclesiastical discourse as it gravitated inexorably towards more agonistic expressions.