cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Study of intervention effect for AIDS-related Knowledge、Attitude、Behavior and occupational exposure in Railway policemen

Objective To investigate the intervention effect for knowledge、attitude、behavior and occupational exposure about AIDS pre and post propaganda and education on the railway publicmen in order to provide vital evidence for future trainings.Methods A KAP anonymous questionnaire investigation was conducted in raiway public security officers.Results The rate of correct understanding for AIDS knowledge was improved obviously among the respondents by propaganda and education;the policemen who have take correct attitude for AIDS were slightly increased;there were almost two-thirds of the policemen who were willing to join in the prevention and pontrol for AIDS and provide helps for persons infected with HIV and AIDS patients;the policemen who can take correct measures after occupational exposure were obviously increased.Conclusion The effective prevention for AIDS needs the join of the entire social.The meatures including correct understanding of AIDS,taking correct attitudes,improving consciousness of prevention and pontrol for AIDS and effectively preventing occupational exposure have played a positive role in AIDS preventive intervention and treatment.
Comparison of Genetic Diversity between Peanut Mini Core Collections from China and ICRISAT by SSR Markers

A core collection or mini core is a subset of accessions from the entire collection that covers most of available genetic diversity of a species.Extensive investigation of core collections is an efficient approach to enhance evaluation and utilization for crop germplasm.The mini core collections of peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) from China consisting of 298 accessions and from International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT) consisting of 168 accessions were comparatively analysed by SSR method.Twenty six polymorphic SSR markers screened from 206 primer pairs were used to investigate the similarity and genetic distance among the peanut accessions involved.The similarity coefficients between the genotype pairs among the 466 accessions ranged from 0.49 to 0.99.The largest genetic distance was between L2 Gangguo(a Chinese genotype) and ICG12625(an ICRISAT genotype) with a similarity coefficient of 0.49.Among the six botanical types in peanut,accessions of fastigiata and hypogaea were more diversified than other types.There was considerable genetic difference between the Chinese peanut accessions and some ICRISAT accessions especially with the aequatoriana genotype ICG12625.The genetic diversity was greater among the Chinese peanut mini core than that among ICRISAT mini core in terms of the similarity coefficient and genetic diversity index.
Detection of Antimicrobial (Poly)Peptides with Acid Urea Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Followed by Western Immunoblot

Antimicrobial (poly)peptides (AMPs) are ancient key effector molecules of innate host defense and have been identified in mammals, insects, plants, and even fungi (Nakatsuji and Gallo, J Invest Dermatol, 132: 887-895, 2012). They exhibit a cationic net charge at physiological pH and are rich in hydrophobic amino acids (Dufourc et al., Curr Protein Pept Sci, 13: 620-631, 2012). Their mode of action has been best investigated in bacteria. When assuming secondary structure the cationic and hydrophobic amino acids are sequestered creating a bipartitioned molecule in which the cationic amino acids mediate initial electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged bacterial surface and the hydrophobic amino acids mediate embedding into the bacterial membranes followed by a multitude of effects interfering with bacterial viability (Nicolas, FEBS J, 276: 6483-6496, 2009; Padovan et al., Curr Protein Pept Sci, 11: 210-219, 2010). However, immunomodulatory, antitumor, and other effects have been added to the ever increasing list of AMP functions (Pushpanathan et al., Int J Pept, 2013: 675391, 2013). Several classes of AMPs have been distinguished based on structure, namely anti-parallel beta-sheet, alpha-helical, circular, as well as disulfide bridge connectivity (Bond and Khalid, Protein Pept Lett, 17: 1313-1327, 2010). Many of the AMPs undergo posttranslational modification including further proteolysis. Biochemical analysis at the protein level is of great interest for a wide range of scientists and important when studying host-pathogen interaction, for example Salmonella invasion of the small intestine. Acid-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (AU-PAGE) followed by Western immunoblotting is an important tool for the identification and quantification of cationic AMPs. The protocol for these procedures outlined here describes, in detail, the necessary steps; including pouring the AU-gels, preparing the test samples, performing the electrophoretic separation and protein transfer to the membrane, and conducting the immunodetection using an alkaline phosphatase/NBT/BCIP system. A standard SDS-PAGE in comparison with AU-PAGE and the corresponding Western immunoblot are depicted in Fig. 1.
Zirconium(IV) Phosphonate–Phosphates as Efficient Ion-Exchange Materials

Layered metal phosphonate–phosphate hybrid materials are known to be ion-exchange materials. Hybrids with zirconium metal centers were synthesized at varying phosphonate–phosphate ratios in order to explore the function and charge preference. The zirconium hybrid materials were found to have a range of applicable uses with preference for highly charged ions (3+) over lower charged ions (1+ and 2+). The addition of a large excess of phosphate altered the selectivity, and these materials were able to remove all ions from solution regardless of charge. In this paper, we describe newly synthesized compounds that are simple to prepare, reproducible, stable, and offer a variety of separation schemes.
High electrical conductivity and anisotropy of aligned carbon nanotube nanocomposites reinforced by silicon carbonitride

Abstract Aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets reinforced with silicon carbonitride were prepared by the infiltration and pyrolysis of liquid polysilazane into mechanically stretched CNTs. The resultant nanocomposites contained a high volume fraction of CNTs (60 vol%), and due to alignment, reached an electrical conductivity of up to 2.2 × 105 S m− 1. The electrical conductivity was anisotropic based upon the CNT alignment and changed from 3.3 to 9.2 after the pyrolysis process. The high electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites contributes to their potential application in electromagnetic interference shielding.
The experience co-creation in smart tourism destinations: a multiple case analysis of European destinations

In the last years, destinations have started to redefine their role and their entrepreneurial logics, involving tourists as active co-creators of their own experiences and considering new technologies as the main tools for defining tourism products. It implies the birth of a new kind of destinations, the smart tourism destinations (STDs), in which new technologies are so extensively embedded to influence tourism experiences, enhance destinations’ competitiveness and favour tourism development projects. Starting from these considerations, the main purpose of this paper is to contribute to the recent debate on innovation in tourism, by proposing an interpretative framework able to explain the way in which technological components in a STD may improve the co-creation of tourism experiences. Empirical analysis on two European STD best practices, Venice and Salzburg, conducted triangulating qualitative methods, reveals that the smart approach adopted by STDs improves the co-creation of tourism experiences by encouraging the interaction with tourists, increasing their active participation during the experience, and promoting the sharing of the experience among the tourists themselves. The paper provides interesting insights for destination managers and policy makers on how they should use innovative technologies in STDs to improve the experience co-creation.
Abstract ED02-01: Epigenetic variation as the missing link between aging and cancer

DNA methylation affects gene expression and genome stability in complex ways depending on the location of the CpG site in question. In humans, methylation patterns are highly regulated and generally conserved between different individuals with R2>0.98 when comparing promoter DNA methylation genome wide among unrelated individuals of similar age. Despite this high degree of regulation, there are quantitative differences in methylation between individuals as well as evidence of methylation drift (increase at some loci, decrease at other loci) associated with aging in mammals. There is also a large degree of methylation drift in cancer cells (compared to normal tissues in the same individual) and a smaller but significant drift in other diseases such as atherosclerosis and neuro-degeneration. Genome wide methylation drift associated with age in multiple species (humans, mice, monkeys) is tissue specific and affects up to a quarter of the methylome. The consequences of drift are twofold. First, it induces epigenetic diversity within a tissue that can serve as fodder for Darwinian selection to promote the development of proliferative diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis. Second, given that some genes are affected more prominently due to genomic structural features, enough cells are affected in older tissues to potentially change gene expression and tissue function. The determinants of age-related methylation drift remain largely unknown. There are diverse observations suggesting that the rate of drift can be modified by diet, chronic inflammation and exposures, and preliminary data suggesting a genetic component to the drift as well. Some of the outstanding questions in the field include the possibilities that methylation drift is modified by germline polymorphisms that influence DNA methylation genome wide, by prenatal exposures including diet and environmental toxins, and by lifestyle factors (including diet, exposures and exercise) that affect low level inflammation systemically. The model whereby methylation drift enables Darwinian selection at the tissue level also implies that possibility of preventing age-related development of pre-neoplasia and neoplasia through interventions targeting epigenetic processes. Citation Format: Jean-Pierre Issa. Epigenetic variation as the missing link between aging and cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr ED02-01.
Conditional Clemency after the Golpe de Melo of 1854: Constitutionalism and Tradition in Early Republican Colombia

This article examines indultos after the Golpe de Melo of 1854. While the government hoped that these acts of clemency would erase all traces of the rebellion, a flood of appeals for indultos ensur...
Climate controls over ecosystem metabolism: insights from a fifteen-year inductive artificial neural network synthesis for a subalpine forest

Eddy covariance (EC) datasets have provided insight into climate determinants of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and evapotranspiration (ET) in natural ecosystems for decades, but most EC studies were published in serial fashion such that one study’s result became the following study’s hypothesis. This approach reflects the hypothetico-deductive process by focusing on previously derived hypotheses. A synthesis of this type of sequential inference reiterates subjective biases and may amplify past assumptions about the role, and relative importance, of controls over ecosystem metabolism. Long-term EC datasets facilitate an alternative approach to synthesis: the use of inductive data-based analyses to re-examine past deductive studies of the same ecosystem. Here we examined the seasonal climate determinants of NEP and ET by analyzing a 15-year EC time-series from a subalpine forest using an ensemble of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) at the half-day (daytime/nighttime) time-step. We extracted relative rankings of climate drivers and driver–response relationships directly from the dataset with minimal a priori assumptions. The ANN analysis revealed temperature variables as primary climate drivers of NEP and daytime ET, when all seasons are considered, consistent with the assembly of past studies. New relations uncovered by the ANN approach include the role of soil moisture in driving daytime NEP during the snowmelt period, the nonlinear response of NEP to temperature across seasons, and the low relevance of summer rainfall for NEP or ET at the same daytime/nighttime time step. These new results offer a more complete perspective of climate–ecosystem interactions at this site than traditional deductive analyses alone.
Chain stretching and recoiling during startup and cessation of extensional flow of bidisperse polystyrene blends

Simultaneous measurements of stress and flow-induced chain alignment were collected on a series of bidisperse polystyrene blends during startup of uniaxial extension and after cessation of flow at 150 °C. Chain alignment was measured using a novel method that combines the use of a commercial Sentmanat extensional rheometer with time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The latter uses state of the art methods of neutron time stamping in the SANS detector and deconvolution protocols that yields scattering data with time resolutions of the order of seconds [M. A. Calabrese et al., Soft Matter 12, 2301–2308 (2016)]. Those measurements were used to confirm the direct correlation between strain hardening and chain stretching at strain rates corresponding to Rouse Weissenberg number W i R > 0.5. Furthermore, a linear relation between the alignment factor, A f , and the tensile stress, σ E , was observed in the bidisperse blends for stress values below 65 kPa during flow startup. This result confirmed the validity of a simple stress-SANS rule (SSR), analogous to the stress-optic rule, which relates chain alignment to the extensional stress. For stresses below 65 kPa, the stress-SANS coefficient, C E = A f / σ E , was found to have a value of 3.9 MPa−1. Failure of the SSR is observed at stresses greater than 65 kPa. Further confirmation of the SSR was provided by the linear relation between A f and σ during the late regime of relaxation after flow cessation, which yield C E values nearly identical to those obtained during flow startup.Simultaneous measurements of stress and flow-induced chain alignment were collected on a series of bidisperse polystyrene blends during startup of uniaxial extension and after cessation of flow at 150 °C. Chain alignment was measured using a novel method that combines the use of a commercial Sentmanat extensional rheometer with time-resolved small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The latter uses state of the art methods of neutron time stamping in the SANS detector and deconvolution protocols that yields scattering data with time resolutions of the order of seconds [M. A. Calabrese et al., Soft Matter 12, 2301–2308 (2016)]. Those measurements were used to confirm the direct correlation between strain hardening and chain stretching at strain rates corresponding to Rouse Weissenberg number W i R > 0.5. Furthermore, a linear relation between the alignment factor, A f , and...
Modeling Oil Recovery for Mixed Macro- and Micro-Pore Carbonate Grainstones.

In general, modeling oil-recovery is a challenging problem involving detailed fluid flow calculations with required structural details that challenge current experimental resolution. Recent laboratory experiments on mixed micro- and macro-pore suggest that there is a systematic relationship between remaining oil saturation (ROS) and the fraction of micro-pores. Working with experimental measurements of the pores obtained from X-ray tomography and mercury intrusion capillary pressure porosimetry, we define a digital rock model exemplifying the key structural elements of these carbonate grainstones. We then test two fluid-flow models: invasion percolation model and effective medium model. Although invasion percolation identifies the important impact of macro-pore percolation on permeability, it does not describe the dependence of ROS on micro-pore percentage. We thus modified the effective medium model by introducing a single-parameter descriptor, reff. Oil from pores r ≥ reff is fully removed, while for the remaining pores with r < reff, their contribution is scaled by (r/reff)2. Applying this straightforward physics to pore size distributions for the mixed-pore grainstones reproduces the experimental ROS dependence.
Linking the health data system in the U.S.: Challenges to the benefits

In order to improve patient care in the United States there, the government made a mandate called HIE (Health Information Exchange). This order was created from the belief that sharing digital health information between, across, and within health communities will improve one's healthcare experience across their lifespan. Patient health information, i.e. the personal health record, should be shareable between healthcare providers; such as private practice physicians, home health agencies, hospitals and nursing care facilities. Most of the U.S. hospitals now have electronic health records, however, with a lack of standards for structuring health information and unified communication protocols to share health information across providers, only a small percentage of U.S. hospitals engage in computerized HIE. In order to understand barriers and facilitators in the U.S. of HIE adoption, we reviewed the published research literature between 2010 and 2015. Our search yielded 664 articles from Medline, PsychInfo, Global health, InSpec, Scopus and Business Source Complete databases. Thirty-nine articles met our inclusion criteria. This article presents the compiled organizational and end user barriers and facilitators along with suggested methods to achieve continuity of care through HIE.
The case of the missing negative externality? Housing market effects of fracking in the Niobrara shale play, Colorado

Recent rapid growth of shale gas exploration in the state of Colorado (CO) and elsewhere in the United States has caused considerable public concern over potential environmental costs to local comm...
Perceived social risk in medical decision-making for physical child abuse: a mixed-methods study

The medical literature reports differential decision-making for children with suspected physical abuse based on race and socioeconomic status. Differential evaluation may be related to differences of risk indicators in these populations or differences in physicians’ perceptions of abuse risk. Our objective was to understand the contribution of the child’s social ecology to child abuse pediatricians’ perception of abuse risk and to test whether risk perception influences diagnostic decision-making. Thirty-two child abuse pediatrician participants prospectively contributed 746 consultations from for children referred for physical abuse evaluation (2009–2013). Participants entered consultations to a web-based interface. Participants noted their perception of child race, family SES, abuse diagnosis. Participants rated their perception of social risk for abuse and diagnostic certainty on a 1–100 scale. Consultations (n = 730) meeting inclusion criteria were qualitatively analyzed for social risk indicators, social and non-social cues. Using a linear mixed-effects model, we examined the associations of social risk indicators with participant social risk perception. We reversed social risk indicators in 102 cases whilst leaving all injury mechanism and medical information unchanged. Participants reviewed these reversed cases and recorded their social risk perception, diagnosis and diagnostic certainty. After adjustment for physician characteristics and social risk indicators, social risk perception was highest in the poorest non-minority families (24.9 points, 95%CI: 19.2, 30.6) and minority families (17.9 points, 95%CI, 12.8, 23.0). Diagnostic certainty and perceived social risk were associated: certainty increased as social risk perception increased (Spearman correlation 0.21, p < 0.001) in probable abuse cases; certainty decreased as risk perception increased (Spearman correlation (−)0.19, p = 0.003) in probable not abuse cases. Diagnostic decisions changed in 40% of cases when social risk indicators were reversed. CAP risk perception that poverty is associated with higher abuse risk may explain documented race and class disparities in the medical evaluation and diagnosis of suspected child physical abuse. Social risk perception may act by influencing CAP certainty in their diagnosis.
Analysis of vegetation recovery surrounding a restored wetland using the normalized difference infrared index (NDII) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)

Watershed restoration efforts seek to rejuvenate vegetation, biological diversity, and land productivity at Cienega San Bernardino, an important wetland in southeastern Arizona and northern Sonora,...
Circuits-electromagnetics co-design: a new paradigm for silicon-based THz systems-on-chip

Silicon-based integrated circuit technology provides a great platform for enabling compact, efficient, low-power, chipscale THz systems for new applications in sensing, imaging and communication. This is partially facilitated by scaling that has pushed device cut-off frequencies (f t , f max ) up into the sub-THz and THz frequency range, the true paradigm shift in silicon integration is that it provides a unique opportunity to enable a field of active THz electromagnetics realizable through a circuits-EM-systems co-design approach. At these frequencies, the chip dimension is comparable to THz wavelengths which allows novel scattering and radiating properties in a substrate that simultaneously supports a billion high-frequency transistors that can generate, process and sense these signals. The ability to actively synthesize, manipulate and sense THz EM fields at sub-wavelength scales with circuits opens up a new design space for THz electronics. THz architectures emerging from this space are often multi-functional, reconfigurable and break many of the classical trade-offs of a partitioned design approach. This paper provides examples to illustrate this design methodology on THz signal generation with dynamic waveform shaping and THz spectrum sensing.
Modeling of chemo-hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated porous media: a nonlocal approach based on integral equations

Unsaturated clay is a heterogeneous porous medium consisting of three phases, namely solid soil skeleton, pore water, and pore air. It has been well recognized that the variation of the chemical property of pore fluid in clay can affect the hydromechanical behavior of this material remarkably. In this study, we formulate a non-local chemo-hydromechanical model for unsaturated clay via the constitutive correspondence principle in the state-based peridynamics—a reformulation of classical continuum mechanics using integral equations instead of partial differential equations. We numerically implement this non-local constitutive model through the implicit return mapping algorithm at the material particle level and then integrate the material subroutine into a computational peridynamics code. We conduct a series of numerical simulations of unsaturated clay samples under different chemical loading rates. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed non-local model can capture the dramatic impact of organic chemicals on the mechanical behavior of unsaturated clay. The numerical results also show that the proposed non-local numerical model can simulate localized deformation in chemically active unsaturated clay because of the intrinsic length scale embedded in the integral equations.
School-based supervised therapy programs to improve asthma outcomes: current perspectives.

Background Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood affecting 6.2 million (8.4%) children (<18 years old) in the USA. Asthma is also a leading cause of school absenteeism. Daily administration of preventive asthma medications improves asthma control. However, poor medication adherence is one of the barriers in achieving improved asthma outcomes. School-based supervised asthma therapy programs have been implemented to address this barrier. Objectives To conduct a review of the literature on school-based supervised asthma therapy interventions and the effect on outcomes in children with persistent asthma. Methods We conducted a literature search using electronic search engines (ie, PubMed and Cochrane) and combinations of different search terms "school-based asthma," "school-based asthma therapy," and "school-based supervised asthma therapy." Inclusion criteria were school-based interventions with supervised asthma medication administration conducted in the USA, measuring asthma outcomes. From 443 titles and abstracts, 9 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results School-based interventions with supervised asthma medication administration revealed improvement in asthma outcomes, including improved medication adherence, increased symptom-free days, decreased daytime and nighttime symptoms, decreased use of rescue medication, decreased asthma-related health care utilization, fewer exacerbations requiring treatment with prednisone, decreased school absenteeism due to asthma, fewer days of activity limitation, improved quality of life, and improvement in both pulmonary inflammatory markers and peak flow readings. Conclusion Our literature review demonstrated that school-based supervised asthma therapy improves asthma outcomes in urban children with persistent asthma. Schools are an ideal setting for implementation of asthma interventions for children and adolescents.
Nematodes Important to Agriculture in Wisconsin

Agriculture in Wisconsin is very diverse and important to the U.S. economy (Table 7.1). The state is a leader in the dairy industry and the production of corn for silage. Wisconsin produces more snap beans for processing, cranberries and ginseng that any other state and ranks among the top five states for forage, potatoes and processing vegetables (USDA NASS, United States Department of Agriculture, National Agriculture Statistics Service. https://www.nass.usda.gov, 2017). The state contributes to the forest products industry with significant acreage devoted to silviculture. Organic agriculture is very prominent and Wisconsin is outranked only by California for the number of organic farms.
Debating the Issues and Finding a Middle Ground

Contemporary political discourse often presents controversial policy topics (e.g., public lands, climate change, and immigration) in a bimodal manner—either for or against. As a result, can our classrooms provide a space for students to learn how to construct solutions that broker various perspectives? For students to reconcile policy differences, I designed a series of debate panels across a semester. The focus of this article is to describe the details of the debate panels so they can be replicated in educational settings. Moreover, the debate panels embody active or experiential learning for students to become informed participants of US public-policy making.
Aldrich, John H., and John D. Griffin. Why Parties Matter: Political Competition and Democracy in the American South: Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2018. 304 pages. $105 (hardcover); $35 (softcover).

If the study of American political parties were chess, John Aldrich would be the reigning grand master. His latest contribution, coauthored with John Griffin, is the result of almost two decades of...
An Infection Prevention and Control Exposure Playbook: Preparing for Rapid Response

BACKGROUND The Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Department is responsible for coordinating responses for patient/staff exposures to communicable diseases. An annual risk assessment identified the probability of an exposure was a rare event but had high potential to cause serious risk to patient/employee safety and stress institutional operations. Although current preparedness measures were in place, a need was identified for a central resource to assist with standard control and rapid response to exposures. METHODS From 2015 to 2018 IPC responded to approximately ten exposure events at a large, academic pediatric network. Documents developed during these events served as the backbone for standardized resources. Events requiring a departmental response were defined as those that: (1) included a large number of patients and/or staff, (2) presented safety concerns for staff and/or families, (3) resulted in emotional trauma, or (4) involved a poorly understood organism. Diseases/organisms meeting this criteria include, but are not limited to tuberculosis, Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), measles and resistant organisms such as Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). IPC reviewed previously developed resources and identified additional resources needed to enhance future responses. RESULTS IPC created an exposure playbook accessible to team members on our SharePoint site. A checklist was generated for tracking response and includes templates for line listings and epidemic curves, health department contacts and staff notification templates. Each identified disease/organism has specific information sheets for staff/families, family notification letter templates, health department reporting forms, screening algorithms and quick links to policies and procedures. To date the exposure playbook has been successfully trialed in two real-time events. CONCLUSIONS The playbook has better equipped IPC to rapidly respond to urgent events. IPC departments must be prepared for rapid and efficient response within their institutions and an exposure playbook can be a beneficial tool for such events.
Teaching international students from Confucian Heritage Culture countries: perspectives from three U.S. host campuses

U.S. host campuses face instructional challenges from increasing numbers of international students from Confucian Heritage Culture (CHC) countries. Yet, the presence of CHC students offers learning opportunities for U.S. faculty in the context of internationalizing their higher education campuses. This study surveyed faculty at three U.S. host universities. It explored faculty understandings of Confucian culture, their perceptions of CHC countries’ international student learning, strategies used by faculty when teaching CHC students, and value faculty recognized when learning from CHC students. Results showed that a majority of faculty recognized the core values of Confucian culture. Yet, they were not fully aware of the cultural impact on CHC students’ learning, and the strategies they employed were mainly from the American perspectives. They did not integrate CHC students’ cultural heritages in their teaching practices and only partially accommodated CHC learners in teaching. This study calls for consciousness to transform faculty mindsets understanding the importance of students’ cultural differences in order to bring about a dramatic change in their teaching practices. Doing so may enhance the success of CHC students fomenting further internationalization at their host universities.
Chemoptogenetic damage to mitochondria causes rapid telomere dysfunction.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in aging, inflammation, and cancer. Mitochondria are an important source of ROS; however, the spatiotemporal ROS events underlying oxidative cellular damage from dysfunctional mitochondria remain unresolved. To this end, we have developed and validated a chemoptogenetic approach that uses a mitochondrially targeted fluorogen-activating peptide (Mito-FAP) to deliver a photosensitizer MG-2I dye exclusively to this organelle. Light-mediated activation (660 nm) of the Mito-FAP–MG-2I complex led to a rapid loss of mitochondrial respiration, decreased electron transport chain complex activity, and mitochondrial fragmentation. Importantly, one round of singlet oxygen produced a persistent secondary wave of mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide lasting for over 48 h after the initial insult. By following ROS intermediates, we were able to detect hydrogen peroxide in the nucleus through ratiometric analysis of the oxidation of nuclear cysteine residues. Despite mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and nuclear oxidative stress induced by dysfunctional mitochondria, there was a lack of gross nuclear DNA strand breaks and apoptosis. Targeted telomere analysis revealed fragile telomeres and telomere loss as well as 53BP1-positive telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIFs), indicating that DNA double-strand breaks occurred exclusively in telomeres as a direct consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. These telomere defects activated ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-mediated DNA damage repair signaling. Furthermore, ATM inhibition exacerbated the Mito-FAP–induced mitochondrial dysfunction and sensitized cells to apoptotic cell death. This profound sensitivity of telomeres through hydrogen peroxide induced by dysregulated mitochondria reveals a crucial mechanism of telomere–mitochondria communication underlying the pathophysiological role of mitochondrial ROS in human diseases.
Emergent colectomy rates decreased while elective ileal pouch rates were stable over time: a nationwide inpatient sample study.

Despite advances in biologic therapy, approximately 10–15% of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients require surgery. We aimed to (1) examine the rates of emergent colectomy and elective ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) over time among UC patients in the USA and (2) investigate disparities in surgery rates by patient demographics. Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2000 to 2014 were analyzed. Inclusion criteria were admissions with a primary UC ICD-9-CM diagnosis code and age > 18. Emergent cases were defined as those admitted through the emergency room with an outcome ICD-9-CM code for subtotal colectomy. Elective IPAA cases were defined with an outcome ICD-9-CM code for IPAA, used as a surrogate measure of colectomy. Patient and hospital-level demographics were analyzed. Temporal trends of colectomy were analyzed utilizing joinpoint-regression analysis with calculation of annual percentage change (APC). A total of 470,708 admissions were included over the 14-year period. Emergent colectomy rate significantly declined (APC − 7.35%, p = 0.0002), while the rate of elective IPAA remained stable (APC − 0.21%, p = 0.8). Emergent colectomy rates declined similarly across all demographics, though not as marked among patients age 50 and older and Medicare patients. Elective IPAA rates were significantly lower among blacks and patients with public insurance. There has been a significant decline in emergent UC colectomy rates in the USA; however, the overall need for surgery appears unchanged given stable IPAA rates. This suggests a limited impact on overall surgery rates with a shift from emergent to elective procedures.
Improved Regularized Reconstruction for Simultaneous Multi-Slice Cardiac MRI T 1 Mapping

Myocardial $T_{1}$ mapping is a quantitative MRI technique that has found great clinical utility in the detection of various heart disease. These acquisitions typically require three breath-holds, leading to long scan durations and patient discomfort. Simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) imaging has been shown to reduce the scan time of myocardial $T_{1}$ mapping to a single breath-hold without sacrificing coverage, albeit at reduced precision. In this work, we propose a new reconstruction strategy for SMS imaging that combines the advantages of two different k-space interpolation strategies, while allowing for regularization, in order to improve the precision of accelerated myocardial $T_{1}$ mapping.
A Health System Response to COVID-19 in Long-Term Care and Post-Acute Care: A Three-Phase Approach.

Background The Seattle, WA, area was ground zero for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Its initial emergence in a skilled nursing facility (SNF) not only highlighted the vulnerability of its patients and residents, but also the limited clinical support that led to national headlines. Furthermore, the coronavirus pandemic heightened the need for improved collaboration among healthcare organizations and local and state public health. Methods The University of Washington Medicine's (UWM's) Post-Acute Care (PAC) Network developed and implemented a three-phase approach within its pre-existing network of SNFs to help slow the spread of the disease, support local area SNFs from becoming overwhelmed when inundated with COVID-19 cases or persons under investigation, and help decrease the burden on area hospitals, clinics, and emergency medical services. Results Support of local area SNFs consisted of the following phases that were implemented at various times as COVID-19 impacted each facility at different times. Initial Phase: This phase was designed to (1) optimize communication, (2) review infection control practices, and (3) create a centralized process to track and test the target population. Delayed Phase: The goals of the Delayed Phase were to slow the spread of the disease once it is present in the SNF by providing consistent education and reinforcing infection prevention and control practices to all staff. Surge Phase: This phase aimed to prepare facilities in response to an outbreak by deploying a "Drop Team" within 24 hours to the facility to expeditiously test patients and exposed employees, triage symptomatic patients, and coordinate care and supplies with local public health authorities. Conclusions The COVID-19 Three-Phase Response Plan provides a standardized model of care that may be implemented by other health systems and SNFs to help prepare and respond to COVID-19. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1155-1161, 2020.
Trust and Pediatric Exoskeletons: A Comparative Study of Clinician and Parental Perspectives

The purpose of this article was to survey the perspectives of clinicians regarding pediatric robotic exoskeletons and compare their views with the views of parents of children with disabilities. A total of 78 clinicians completed the survey; they were contacted through Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, the American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, and group pages on Facebook. Most of the clinicians were somewhat concerned to very concerned that a child might not use the device safely outside of the clinical setting. Most clinicians reported that the child would try to walk, run, and climb using the exoskeleton. The parents reported higher trust (i.e., lower concern) in the child using an exoskeleton outside of the clinical setting, compared to the clinician group. Prior experience with robotic exoskeletons can have an important impact on each group’s expectations and self-reported level of trust in the technology.
Text-only and picture conversation aids both supported shared decision making for breast cancer surgery: Analysis from a cluster randomized trial.

Abstract Objectives To determine if two encounter conversation aids for early-stage breast cancer surgery increased observed and patient-reported shared decision making (SDM) compared with usual care and if observed and patient-reported SDM were associated. Methods Surgeons in a cluster randomized trial at four cancer centers were randomized to use an Option Grid, Picture Option Grid, or usual care. We used bivariate statistics, linear regression, and multilevel models to evaluate the influence of trial arm, patient socioeconomic status and health literacy on observed SDM (via OPTION-5) and patient-reported SDM (via collaboRATE). Results From 311 recordings, OPTION-5 scores were 73/100 for Option Grid (n = 40), 56.3/100 for Picture Option Grid (n = 144), and 41.0/100 for usual care (n = 127; p Conclusions Both conversation aids led to meaningfully higher observed and patient-reported SDM. Observed and patient-reported SDM were not strongly correlated. Practice implications Healthcare providers could implement these conversation aids in real-world settings.
Economics of intercropping loblolly pine and oilseed crops for bio-jet fuel production in the Southern United States

Currently, there are 13.9 million hectares of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) in the Southern United States. Reforested hectares could be used for intercropping oilseed crops such as carinata (Brassica carinata) and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). The oil obtained from these crops could be used for bio-jet fuel production to reduce the carbon footprint of the aviation sector. This study determines the profitability for three scenarios: loblolly pine with no intercropping (baseline), loblolly pine with carinata (once every three years), and loblolly pine with carinata and white lupin rotated annually. We ascertained the land expectation value (LEV) for three site indices of 15.3 m, 18.3 m, and 21.3 m. Carinata and white lupin were planted during the initial eight, seven, and six years for site indices 15.3 m, 18.3 m, and 21.3 m, respectively. Sensitivity and risk analyses were undertaken for determining the influence of input variables on LEVs and the probability of loss for intercropping production systems relative to a baseline production system, respectively. For site index 21.3 m, the LEV of loblolly pine with no intercropping was $2816/ha at a 21-years rotation period. Intercropping with carinata only and both carinata and white lupin yielded LEVs of $3346/ha and $3607/ha at a 21-years rotation period, respectively. The LEVs of production systems were sensitive to interest rate, price, and yield of carinata seeds. The intercropping approach had > 50% probability of being less profitable than loblolly pine alone in over half of the scenarios considered. Future research should focus on the impacts of intercropping on loblolly pine yield and adoption behavior of forest landowners.
Optical monitoring the dynamics of plasmonic nanobubbles

Laser generated bubbles surrounding plasmonic nanoparticles (known as plasmonic nanobubbles) are an attractive candidate approach for imaging and therapy, especially for cancer research. Nanobubbles are typically small in size (in microns), have a short lifetime (microseconds), and require complex instrumentation to characterize. Current approaches measure the bubble size using flash photography or an ultrafast camera and the bubble lifetime indirectly with a light scattering of a probe beam. Here, we demonstrate swept-source (1310+/-70 nm, 100 Khz scan rate) optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a new approach to monitoring plasmonic nanobubbles' dynamics. We recorded a one-dimensional (A-scan) analysis on a thin Au-nanoparticle-embedded gelatin layer and monitored the phase offset of the gelatin/air interface where nanobubbles were generated in response to a high energy single 10-ns 1064nm Nd: YAG laser pulse. We observed the gel/air interface movement reflecting the formation and collapse of nanobubbles with radius in the range of 200 – 600 nm and lifetime up to 100 microseconds corresponding to an incident laser fluence of 0.9 – 2.4J/cm2. We observed interface oscillations following nanobubble collapse. In conclusion, OCT may provide a simple technique to characterize both nanobubble's size and lifetime in response to pulsed laser irradiation of plasmonic nanoparticles.
A Bioecological Systems View of School Experiences of High-Ability Students From Rural India:

Using Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological systems theory, this study investigated the school experiences of nine high-ability students from three secondary schools in rural Western India. Analyses of se...
Cities and the Olympics in Urban Politics

This chapter examines policy choices by taking a closer look at the questions raised by opponents of the Olympics. Opposition groups in American cities offer two critiques of existing social and political institutions. First, they question whether the IOC and the Olympics makes sense as a basis for urban growth and development. We examine the institutional framework for bidding and hosting the Olympics, focusing on how and why it is changing. This framework reveals the distortions inherent in corporate global sport, more specifically the ways in which it contributes to urban policy outcomes that can exacerbate inequalities. Second, opposition groups question the lack of democracy in the policy processes used in urban governance. We examine the claims, strategies, and tactics of the anti-Olympics opposition, and how these have changed over the time.
Abstract WMP1: DWI ASPECT Scores And Infarct Volume As Predictors Of Outcome After Recanalization In Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke

Background and Purpose: Final infarct volume has previously been shown to be a major predictor of outcome after endovascular therapy for middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. However, the importance of specific location of infarct within the MCA territory has not been described. We sought to assess the predictive value of specific topographic regions as predictors of outcomes in a homogeneous cohort of patients treated with endovascular therapy of M1 occlusive disease who underwent post procedure MRI. Methods: A retrospective review of our prospectively maintained single center endovascular database was performed. Automated software was used to measure infarct volume and the DWI ASPECT score was assessed by visual inspection using standard templates. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to determine predictors of favorable outcomes using each of the 10 regions as part of the ASPECT score as well as total ASPECT score. Results: 100 patients were identified. 56% were female. Median age was 70. Successful recanalization was achieved with TIMI 2/3 flow in 87% of patients and TICI 2B/3 in 61% of patients. Good outcomes (mRS 0-2 at 3 months) in 46% of patients. There was no difference between outcomes based on the hemisphere involved. Median final infarct on DWI MRI at 24 hours was 39 cc. Median ASPECT score was 6. In multivariate analysis, strong predictors of good outcomes included: age (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.8-0.96, p=0.006), serum glucose on admission (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.97-1, p=0.046) and ASPECT score on MRI (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.03-1.05, p=0.03). There was a high correlation between the volume of infarct and ASPECT score on the post recanalization MRI (Spearman’s rho of -0.76). Conclusions: Quantitative (automated software) and semi-quantitative (ASPECT score values) measurements of infarct size are highly predictive of outcomes after recanalization therapy in middle cerebral artery infarcts. No single topographic region or combination of regions is predictive of outcome, whereas total ASPECT scores are highly predictive. These data support the role of post procedural MRI in guiding prognosis after anterior circulation infarct.