cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Innovative Employment of Virtual Humans to Explore the Chess Personalities of Garry Kasparov and Other Class-A Players.

Exploring chess players of different personalities, including the strengths and weaknesses of each remains an essential component in designing new chess applications. Research shows that virtual players play an essential role in helping researchers to explore chess personalities of different classes and playing styles. A virtual chess player is defined as a software simulation that mimics the playing style of a real chess player. The current study employs these players in investigating the personalities of three class-A players while competing against Garry Kasparov. Additionally, it examines the personality of Kasparov and how he performs while competing against the other class-A players. To this end, the study utilizes an experimental design to collect data from simulations of games between three class-A players against Kasparov. The class-A players range in their personalities: a player who prefers chess material, drawish, and a balanced player. The four players in the simulation are virtual humans that are programmed to represent real chess players. The findings reveal that the class-A chess players did not have the same performance. Likewise, the performance of Kasparov varied according to the opponent, although his opponents were from the same category.
Long-term impacts of topsoil depth and amendments on soil physical and hydrological properties of an Alfisol in central Ohio, USA

Abstract Soil hydrological properties and aggregate stability are strongly impacted by erosion and management practices. However, magnitudes of the erosion-induced changes in topsoil depth and the attendant alterations in soil properties are not well understood. Therefore, the present study was conducted on a long term (20 years) simulated study of topsoil depth and use of soil amendments to monitor changes in soil hydrological properties, and aggregate stability of an Alfisol at the Waterman Farm of The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. The aim of the study was to compare long-term effects of soil amendments (synthetic fertilizer and organic compost) on soil physical and hydrological properties at varying soil depth. The experimental plots, comprising of five treatments, were laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Treatments were: (1) topsoil removed (20 cm deep), (2) undisturbed topsoil (intact topsoil); with two soil amendments: (a) synthetic fertilizer 150 kg nitrogen (N) ha−1 yr−1, (b) organic compost at 20 Mg ha−1 yr−1, and (3) a permanent grass field (as a benchmark plot). Soil properties, measured for 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depth, were: texture, aggregate stability, geometric mean diameter (GMD) of aggregates, water retention properties, hydraulic conductivity (Ks), pore size distribution, and plant available water capacity (PAWC). Aggregate stability was the highest (87.9 and 84.7%) in the permanent grass at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depths, respectively. Among the cultivated treatments, compost- amended undisturbed plots (87.6 and86.9%) had the highest proportion of water stable aggregates (WSA) at 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm depths, respectively. However, the GMD of aggregates was the highest 4.1 mm (0–10 cm) and 3.5 mm (10–20 cm) for the topsoil removed and compost-amended treatment. Soil texture was silty clay loam in topsoil removed treatments, clay loam in the undisturbed treatment, and loam in permanent grass treatment, probably due to artificial removal of topsoil. Plant available water content was more in the disturbed and undisturbed compost-amended plots for both the 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths, respectively. The highest soil water volumetric content ranged from 0.37 to 0.25 m3 m−3 in the topsoil removed fertilizer added compared with 0.34 to 0.24 m3 m−3 in undisturbed compost added plots, respectively. However, the pore size distribution was not affected by treatments at the 0–10 cm depth. For the10-20 cm depth, an overall greater pore size distribution range of 0.04 to 0.33 m3 m−3 was observed in the permanent grass, and undisturbed compost amended treatments. Soil Ks (cm day−1) for 0–10 cm depth did not differ significantly across treatments. The data obtained enhances the understanding of the impacts of long-term use of amendments on soil water retention and aggregate stability of simulated topsoil removed and undisturbed field under no-till (NT) in corn (Zea mays)–soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation in the Eastern Corn Belt of the U.S.
Perioperative Blood Flow Restriction Rehabilitation in Patients Undergoing ACL Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Background:Low-load blood flow restriction (BFR) training has attracted attention as a potentially effective method of perioperative clinical rehabilitation for patients undergoing orthopaedic proc...
Raced to death in 1920s Hawai’i: injustice & revenge in the Fukunaga case: by Jonathan Y. Okamura, Urbana, IL, University of Illinois Press, 2019, xii+231pp., $27.95(paperback), ISBN 978-0-252-08443-0

Hawai‘i is often imagined as a multiracial paradise and touted as a beacon of hope for a world without racism. Jonathan Y. Okamura’s body of work consistently shatters this facade by revealing how ...
Uridine Triacetate for Severe Fluoropyrimidine Cardiotoxicity in a Patient With Thymidylate Synthase Gene Variants

A 56-year-old woman with history of hypertension, inadequately controlled on hydrochlorothiazide and nebivolol, presented with colorectal cancer with metastases to the liver in 2019. Genotypic testing revealed that her colorectal cancer was KRAS/NRAS wild-type and microsatellite stable. FOLFOX was
Facilitating the Compliance Function

In the current regulatory era in which we live, compliance is as important as ever. Practitioners, the legal academy, the government, and many organizations of all industries and sizes have responded with insights as to how to best achieve effective compliance while navigating the complex array of regulations incumbent on entities of all types. Regardless of the applicable industry, whether financial, information technology, environmental, healthcare, corporate, or non-profit, the field of compliance is comprised of certain overriding themes that are conducive to facilitating the compliance function. Some of these overriding themes may include the drafting and implementation of effective compliance programs, the development of good corporate governance practices, a responsive management team, and the dissemination of compliance practices throughout the organization. This symposium piece will focus on one running theme that was highlighted during a panel on the intersection of compliance and risk management at the third annual Rutgers Law School Corporate Compliance Institute: the facilitation of the compliance function through a whistle-blower's early detection and reporting of red flags.
Deletion of Coagulation Factor IX Compromises Bone Mass and Strength: Murine Model of Hemophilia B (Christmas Disease)

Osteopenia and osteoporosis have increasingly become a recognized morbidity in those persons with hemophilia (PwH) receiving inadequate prophylactic clotting factor replacement. Animal models can control or eliminate genetic and environmental factors and allow for invasive testing not clinically permissible. Here, we describe the skeletal phenotype of juvenile and adult male mice with a genetically engineered deficiency in coagulation factor IX (FIX KO). Although the somatic growth of FIX KO mice matched that of their wild-type (WT) littermates at 10 and 20 weeks of age, the FIX KO mice displayed reduced bone mineral density (BMD), reduced cortical and cancellous bone mass, and diminished whole bone fracture resistance. These findings coupled with parallel observations in a murine model of hemophilia A (FVIII deficiency) point to an effector downstream of the coagulation cascade that is necessary for normal skeletal development. Further study of potential mechanisms underlying the bone disease observed in rare clotting factor deficiency syndromes may lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic insights for metabolic bone diseases in general.
Pain Management for Chronic Musculoskeletal Disorders

Chronic musculoskeletal pain can be one of the most challenging clinical conditions to treat, both for primary care practitioners and specialists. The effective management of chronic pain requires initially ruling out clinically serious as well as organic pain generation that may be treated through targeted interventions or surgery. Once these have been ruled out, patients should also be assessed for non-organic pain generation and other sociodemographic, clinical, and mental health factors that may be contributing to, or exacerbating, their constellation of symptoms. Management of chronic pain syndromes can include physical and cognitive behavioral therapy, targeted interventions, and medication management, although opioid medications should be avoided to the fullest extent possible due to concerns around sustained sue, dependence, misuse, and addiction.
Impact of an Acute Care Urology Service on Timelines and Quality of Care in the Management of Nephrolithiasis

Background: The acute care surgery model has led to improved outcomes for emergent surgical conditions, but similar models of care have not been implemented in urology. Our department implemented an acute care urology (ACU) service in 2015, and the service evolved in 2018. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the ACU model on the management of nephrolithiasis. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with urology consults in the emergency department for nephrolithiasis, who required surgical intervention from 2013 to 2019. Patients were divided into three cohorts based on date of consultation: Pre-ACU (2013-2014), Phase 1 (2015-2017), and Phase 2 (2018-2019). Results: We identified 733 patients with nephrolithiasis requiring intervention (162 pre-ACU, 334 Phase 1, and 237 Phase 2). Before ACU implementation, median time from consult to definitive intervention was 36 days. After ACU implementation, median time to intervention decreased to 22 days in Phase 1 (p < 0.001) and 15 days in Phase 2 (p < 0.001). On multivariable Cox regression, the hazard of definitive intervention improved in Phase 1 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.90, p < 0.001) and in Phase 2 (HR 1.80, p < 0.001). Rates of primary definitive intervention without initial decompression and loss to follow-up were also significantly improved, compared to the pre-ACU cohort. Conclusions: Implementation of a structured ACU service was associated with improved time to treatment for patients with acute nephrolithiasis, as well as increased primary definitive intervention and improved follow-up care. This model of care has potential to improve patient outcomes for nephrolithiasis and other acute urological conditions.
Therapy after Terror: 9/11, Psychotherapists, and Mental Health

Therapy After Terror examines the 2001 World Trade Center attack from the perspectives of New York City mental health professionals who treated the psychologically wounded following the attack. Therapists discuss the attack's effects on their patients, its personal and professional consequences for them, and the ways it challenged fundamental aspects of clinical theory and practice. The book describes crisis mental health services that were established after the attack, as well as longer-term treatments. It also examines notions of trauma, diagnostic procedures, and the politics of psychological treatment. Seeley uses her unique interdisciplinary background as she provides a detailed study of the post-9/11 mental health crisis, including depictions of the restricted 'hot spots' such as the Lexington Avenue Armory, Family Assistance Centers, and Respite Centers at Ground Zero, where mental health workers delivered aid.
Resurrecting Democracy: Faith, Citizenship, and the Politics of a Common Life

Through a case study of community organizing in the global city of London and an examination of the legacy of Saul Alinsky around the world, this book develops a constructive account of the relationship between religious diversity, democratic citizenship, and economic and political accountability. Based on an in-depth, ethnographic study, Part I identifies and depicts a consociational, populist and post-secular vision of democratic citizenship by reflecting on the different strands of thought and practice that feed into and help constitute community organizing. Particular attention is given to how organizing mediates the relationship between Christianity, Islam and Judaism and those without a religious commitment in order to forge a common life. Part II then unpacks the implications of this vision for how we respond to the spheres in which citizenship is enacted, namely, civil society, the sovereign nation-state, and the globalized economy. Overall, the book outlines a way of re-imagining democracy, developing innovative public policy, and addressing poverty in the contemporary context.
Heterogeneous silicon III–V Photonic Integrated Circuits

• Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits are here with good performance (and lower cost in volume). - High Q: narrower linewidth DFBs, tunable DBRs, mode locked lasers • Integration is essential for size, weight, power and cost reduction and improved yield and reliability • Photonics can allow lower power and higher capacity for - Data Centers - Supercomputers - Sensors - Silicon Interposers
Welfare Reform: Can Higher Education Reduce the Feminization of Poverty?

In this paper we address what is meant by “feminization of poverty.” We also provide a very brief historical review of poor women, their children, and their need for financial assistance. Furthermore we identify some of the obstacles women face while trying to become self-sufficient and how women attempt to overcome these obstacles while relying on government aid. A strategy used by some of these women on welfare is to attend college and earn a degree. We show how this group of women now faces a major obstacle with a recent reform in the welfare system. Finally, we offer some suggestions as to how policies and practices of institutions of higher education can help female students on welfare, thereby reducing the feminization of poverty in the United States.
Two Alternative Forced Choice Evaluation of Vessel Visibility Increases Due to Zero-filled Interpolation in MR Angiography

The effects of reconstructing low resolution 3D time-of-flight MR images using zero-filled interpolation were examined using observer performance measures. Two alternative forced choice experiments using digital subtraction angiography images as a truth standard were performed. MR angiography data were acquired from six patient volunteers and were reconstructed with and without zero-filled interpolation. The MR angiography images were evaluated by generating divergent maximum intensity projection images with the same view as digital subtraction angiography images obtained on the patients as part of their clinical workup. The projection images were evaluated by three observers. Zerofilled interpolation significantly increased the detectibility of very small vessels (diameters less than 0.7 mm) but had no significant effect on larger vessels.
The Freedom of the Church (New Revised Standard Version)

Significant discussion about the “freedom of church” has recently emerged at the intersection of law and religion scholarship and political theology. That discussion gained additional traction with the Supreme Court’s ruling in Hosanna-Tabor v. E.E.O.C., which recognized the First Amendment’s “special solicitude” for religious organizations. But the freedom of the church is at its core a theological concept, and its potential integration into our constitutional discourse requires a process of translation. The efficacy of any background political concept as legal doctrine will ultimately stand or fall on something akin to what Frederick Schauer has called “constitutional salience.” The existing debate over the freedom of the church obscures these insights in two ways. First, its back-and-forth nature suggests that translation succeeds or fails on the level of individual arguments. Second, its current focus on a mostly Catholic argument neglects other theological voices. The kind of cultural views that affect constitutional doctrine are less linear and more textured than the existing debates suggest. This paper adds to the discussion a Protestant account of the freedom of the church: the New Revised Standard Version. Part I briefly sketches the process of translation that any theological concept encounters in the path to constitutional doctrine. Part II summarizes the current debate in legal scholarship about the freedom of the church. Part III introduces the New Revised Standard Version through three prominent twentieth-century theologians: Karl Barth, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, and Stanley Hauerwas. Part IV assesses the possibility of translation, and Part V warns of the theological limits to translating certain theological concepts. The New Revised Standard Version reinforces some of the normative claims underlying the Catholic story, but it does so through a Protestant lens that is somewhat more familiar to American political thought. It also differs from the Catholic account in two important ways: (1) by characterizing the church as a witnessing body rather than as a separate sovereign; and (2) by highlighting the church’s freedom in a post-Christian polity.
Constitutively and autonomously active protein kinase C associated with 14-3-3 ζ in the rodent brain

Persistent activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is required for the expression of synaptic plasticity in the brain. There are several mechanisms proposed that can lead to the prolonged activation of PKC. These include long lasting production of lipid activators (diacylglycerol and fatty acid) through mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, and a modification of PKC by reactive oxygen species. In nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells, we found that constitutive and autonomous Ca2+-independent PKC activity is associated with 14-3-3 ζ. Because PKC and 14-3-3 ζ are both involved in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, we examined whether PKC interacts with 14-3-3 ζ in the brain and whether the PKC/14-3-3 ζ complex has autonomous activity. Here we show that three subclasses of PKC, Ca2+-dependent classical PKC, Ca2+-independent novel PKC, and Ca2+-independent and diacylglycerol-insensitive atypical PKC, all interact with 14-3-3 ζ in the rodent brain. The pool size of 14-3-3 ζ bound form of PKC is small (1–4% of each PKC isoform), but they show constitutive and autonomous activity. Our study indicates that the binding of PKC with 14-3-3 ζ is at least in part independent of phosphorylation of PKC and that the C1 domain of PKC is involved in the binding. As both molecules are enriched in synaptic locus, the constitutive PKC activity and its interaction with 14-3-3 ζ could be a mechanism for the persistent PKC activation in the brain.
Laser Microsurgery of Higher Plant Cell Walls Permits Patch-Clamp Access

Plasma membranes of guard cells in epidermal peels of Vicia faba and Commelina communis can be made accessible to a patch-clamp pipet by removing a small portion (1-3 micrometers in diameter) of the guard cell wall using a microbeam of ultraviolet light generated by a nitrogen laser. Using this laser microsurgical technique, we have measured channel activity across plasma membranes of V. faba guard cells in both cell-attached and isolated patch configurations. Measurements made in the inside-out patch configuration revealed two distinct K(+)-selective channels. Major advantages of the laser microsurgical technique include the avoidance of enzymatic protoplast isolation, the ability to study cell types that have been difficult to isolate as protoplasts or for which enzymatic isolation protocols result in protoplasts not amenable to patch-clamp studies, the maintenance of positional information in single-channel measurements, reduced disruption of cell-wall-mediated signaling pathways, and the ability to investigate intercellular signaling through studies of cells remaining situated within tissue.
The SR programming language: concurrency in practice

SR (Synchronizing Resources) is a powerful and flexible language for concurrent programming. With its explicit mechanisms and concurrency, communication, and synchronization, programmers can easily learn to write programs for both shared- and distributed-memory applications and machines.This book, written by the language designers, provides a complete introduction to SR and gives the reader the tools for learning about and experimenting with concurrency. Features *Provides an accessible, clear introduction to SR by the language designers. *Teaches practical techniques through numerous realistic examples of parallel and distributed programming problems. *Examines 'classic' concurrent programming problems as well as many important parallel and distributed programming problems. *Illustrates trade-offs between language mechanisms to help the reader understand and make optimum design decisions *Reinforces key points with numerous end-of-chapter exercises *Includes six appendices that summarize the language for quick reference, show how to develop and execute programs, and describe the implementation.The SR language implementation is available, free, from the SR Project, University of Arizona, at ftp://cs. arizona.edu/sr/. 0805300880B04062001
Anticoagulation, delivered dose and outcomes in CRRT: The program to improve care in acute renal disease (PICARD)

Background Delivered dialysis dose by CRRT depends on circuit efficacy, which is influenced in part by the anticoagulation strategy. We evaluated the association of anticoagulation strategy used on solute clearance efficacy, circuit longevity, bleeding complications, and mortality.
Space Station assembly sequence planning - An engineering and operational challenge

This paper discusses the Space Station assembly sequence planning and development process. It presents the planning methodologies from both historial and current perspectives. It is shown that planning the assembly sequence is a new and unique challenge and its solution requires the simultaneous satisfaction of many diverse variables and constants. The considerations which influence the development of the assembly sequence include launch vehicle integration and lift capabilities, on-orbit assembly flight operations, vehicle flight dynamics, spacecraft system capabilities and resource availability. Many of these considerations are described in this paper. In addition, the examples presented demonstrate the current process for assembly sequence planning and show many of the complex trade-offs that must be performed.
Social relations and group identity among women fishsellers in the Congo

Abstract Social status influences people's values and their way of thinking. Similarly, folklore is a reflection of both social structure and culture. Although pertaining integrally to the field of anthropology and economic development, and entirely ignored by folklorists, market activities in Africa, encompassing the daily give-and-take ritual between buyer and seller, can be said to hold a richly-knit web of folklore. In the Congo, a market place viewed at macro and micro levels is a store of culture. The present paper seeks to investigate crucial hints embedded in the folklore of Congolese women fishsellers. It focuses on salient cultural values and social practices which constitute the inexorable backbone of the fishsellers' identity and solidarity. The undertaking should prove useful in a better understanding of the Congolese culture in general, and of the pattern of social interaction among buyers and sellers, and the binding dynamics that mold the latter into a unique world, in particular.
Development and evaluation of microarray-based whole-genome hybridization for detection of microorganisms within the context of environmental applications.

The detection and identification of microorganisms in natural communities is a great challenge to biologists. Microarray-based genomic technology provides a promising high-throughput alternative to traditional microbial characterization. A novel prototype microarray containing whole genomic DNA, termed community genome array (CGA), was constructed and evaluated. Microarray hybridizations at 55 °C using 50% formamide permitted the examined bacteria to be distinguished at the species level, while strain-level differentiation was obtained at hybridization temperatures of 65 or 75 °C. The detection limit was estimated to be approximately 0.2 ng with genomic DNA from a single pure culture using a reduced hybridization volume (3 μL). Using mixtures of known amounts of DNA or a known number of cells from 14 or 16 different species, respectively, about 5 ng of genomic DNA or 2.5 × 105 cells were detected under the hybridization conditions used. In addition, strong linear relationships were observed between hybrid...
The Mammalian Longevity-associated Gene Product p66shc Regulates Mitochondrial Metabolism

Previous studies have determined that mice with a homozygous deletion in the adapter protein p66(shc) have an extended life span and that cells derived from these mice exhibit lower levels of reactive oxygen species. Here we demonstrate that a fraction of p66(shc) localizes to the mitochondria and that p66(shc-/-) fibroblasts have altered mitochondrial energetics. In particular, despite similar cytochrome content, under basal conditions, the oxygen consumption of spontaneously immortalized p66(shc-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts were lower than similarly maintained wild type cells. Differences in oxygen consumption were particularly evident under chemically uncoupled conditions, demonstrating that p66(shc-/-) cells have a reduction in both their resting and maximal oxidative capacity. We further demonstrate that reconstitution of p66(shc) expression in p66(shc-/-) cells increases oxygen consumption. The observed defect in oxidative capacity seen in p66(shc-/-) cells is partially offset by augmented levels of aerobic glycolysis. This metabolic switch is manifested by p66(shc-/-) cells exhibiting an increase in lactate production and a stricter requirement for extracellular glucose in order to maintain intracellular ATP levels. In addition, using an in vivo NADH photobleaching technique, we demonstrate that mitochondrial NADH metabolism is reduced in p66(shc-/-) cells. These results demonstrate that p66(shc) regulates mitochondrial oxidative capacity and suggest that p66(shc) may extend life span by repartitioning metabolic energy conversion away from oxidative and toward glycolytic pathways.
Comparative analysis of stereotypical traits of elderly people in Russian and American jokes

This study described and analyzed stereotypes of elderly persons found in Russian jokes on Internet sites. Out of 5700 jokes encountered, 218 (3.8%) dealt primarily with the subject of old age. Content analysis of Russian jokes about elderly people revealed 24 stereotypical traits. A similar study of American jokes about the elderly [Bowd (2003). Stereotypes of elderly persons in narrative jokes. Research on Aging, 25(1), 3–21] was used for cross-cultural comparison. In both the Russian and American cultures, jokes employed mostly negative stereotypes about elderly persons based on negative views of mental and physical traits as a function of aging. The comparative study found a statistically significant gender-related disparity: the Russian repertoire included more jokes about women than men, whereas in the American collections, there was a smaller proportion of jokes about elderly women, compared with men. This study discussed possible reasons for the relatively higher visibility of elderly women in Rus...
Use of Technology for Science and Mathematics Collaborative Learning

This article presents an example of how computer software can be used to facilitate collaborative learning and the integration of mathematics and science. “Snap shots” from a pilot project, with thirty high school juniors who were involved in a university summer program, reveal how student-centered learning is facilitated by technology. This exploratory trial provides a glimpse of what the “classroom after next” might look like utilizing groupware in instructional settings.
ICP, BMI, Surgical Repair, and CSF Diversion in Patients Presenting With Spontaneous CSF Otorrhea

ObjectiveTo assess intracranial pressure (ICP), body mass index (BMI), surgical repair, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion in patients presenting with spontaneous CSF otorrhea.Study DesignRetrospective series review.SettingTertiary referral center.PatientsThirty-two patients were treated surgic
Establishing multi-modality datasets with the incorporation of 3D histopathology for soft tissue classification

The development of multi-modality image analysis has gained increasing popularity over recent years. Multi-modality image databases are being developed to benefit patient clinical care, research and education. The incorporation of histopathology in these multi-modality datasets is complicated by the large differences in image quality, content and spatial association. We have developed a novel system, the large-scale image microtome array (LIMA), to bridge the gap between non-structurally destructive and destructive imaging such that reliable registration and incorporation of three-dimensional (3D) histopathology can be achieved. We have developed registration algorithms to align the micro-CT, LIMA and histopathology data to a common coordinate system. Using this multi-modality image dataset we have developed a classification algorithm to identify on a pixel basis, the tissue types present. The output from the classification processing is a 3D color coded map of tissue distributions. The resulting complete dataset provides an abundance of valuable information relating to the tissue sample including density, anatomical structure, color, texture and cellular information in three dimensions. In this study we have chosen to use normal and diseased lung tissue, however the flexibility of the image acquisition and subsequent processing algorithms makes it applicable to any soft organ tissue.
Logic programming in APL2

The most popular vehicles for logic programming are LISP and PROLOG. APL2 has the important features of these languages and more. On one hand, APL2 has all the expressive power of LISP and implementation of PROLOG in APL2 is not difficult. On the other hand, APL2 includes facilities for full screen management, menus, graphics, access to relational databases, and powerful computational primitives.This paper explores the representation of logic using the nested data structures of APL2 and shows how some standard algorithms of logic programming are expressed in APL2. This includes Unification, Resolution, and a logic programming environment like PROLOG. A discussion of the pertinent APL2 notation, detailed discussion of the algorithms and commented programs appear in (Br1).
Mechanism of Oxygen Transfer in the Epoxidation of an Olefin by Molecular Oxygen in the Presence of an Aldehyde

The reaction pathway for peroxide-initiated aldehyde-mediated oxidation of olefins to epoxides by molecular oxygen has been studied. The pathways of reaction via a peroxy acid or an acyl peroxy radical have been differentiated by investigation of the reaction of 4 with oxygen to provide 6 via 8.
Rapid amplification of commercial STR typing kits

Abstract Forensic DNA typing is currently conducted in approximately 8–10h. The process includes DNA extraction, quantitation, multiplex PCR amplification, and fragment length detection. Today's commercial multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) typing kits are not optimized for rapid PCR thermal cycling. Current protocols require approximately 3h for amplifying a multiplex containing 15 STR loci plus amelogenin. With the continuing development of miniaturization technologies such as microfluidic and micro-capillary devices, there is a desire to reduce the overall time required to type DNA samples. Such miniature devices could be used for initial screening at a crime scene, at a border, and at airports. There is also the benefit of reducing the required PCR amplification time for labs typing single-source reference samples. Surveys of fast processing polymerases working in combination with rapid cycling protocols have resulted in the development of a ‘rapid' PCR amplification protocol. Results are obtained in less than 36min run on a standard peltier-based thermal cycler employing a heating rate of 4°C/s. Capillary electrophoresis characterization of the PCR products indicates good peak balance between loci, strong signal intensity and minor adenylation artifacts. Genotyping results are concordant with standard amplification conditions utilizing a standard 3h (non-rapid) thermal cycling procedure. The rapid assay conditions are robust enough to routinely amplify 0.5ng of template DNA (with 28 cycles).
A CONTINGENT TRIP MODEL FOR ESTIMATING RAIL-TRAIL DEMAND

The authors develop a contingent trip model to estimate the recreation demand for and value of a potential rail-trail site in north-east Georgia. The contingent trip model is an alternative to travel cost modelling useful for ex ante evaluation of proposed recreation resources or management alternatives. The authors estimate the empirical demand for trips using a negative binomial regression specification. Their findings indicate a per-trip consumer surplus ranging from US$18.46 to US$29.23 and a price elasticity of m 0.68. In aggregate, they estimate that the rail-trail would receive approximately 416 213 recreation visits per year by area households and account for a total consumer surplus in excess of US$7.5 million.
Universality Limits at the Hard Edge of the Spectrum for Measures with Compact Support

We use the theory of entire functions and reproducing kernels to establish universality at the (hard) edge of a spectrum for a measure with compact support. This involves the Bessel kernel. In particular, we show that universality at the hard edge is equivalent to universality along the diagonal at the hard edge.
Imaging: Multidetector CT in the diagnosis of suspected appendicitis.

As the clinical use of multidetector CT has increased, concerns have grown as to whether its benefits are commensurate with cost and risk of radiation exposure. Now, multidetector CT has been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of appendicitis, with a substantial influence on both clinical management and patient outcomes.
Medicalized Social Hygiene?: Tuberculosis Policy in the German Democratic Republic

This archive-based study investigates tuberculosis policy in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from the 1940s to the 1960s. The focus is on the sanatorium as the major site of treatment and on BCG vaccination as the major preventive tool. The article tests and accepts the thesis that the GDR’s guiding health paradigm is best described by the term “medicalized social hygiene.” The article finds that methods of both treatment and prevention were characterized less by radical change and innovation than by tradition and pragmatism at least until the mid-1950s. Thus, “forced institutionalization” of “asocial” patients continued after 1945. Yet the health ministry long hesitated to make BCG vaccination obligatory. The German past, the Cold War context of German–German rivalry, and medical and popular attitudes toward vaccination, TB, and TB patients are considered as possible explanations for the mix of continuity and change in TB policy.
Stroke after cardiac surgery: a retrospective analysis of the effect of aprotinin dosing regimens

Abstract Background Half-dose aprotinin (HDA) appears to be equivalent to full-dose aprotinin (FDA) in its ability to prevent bleeding. However, data regarding the potential effect of aprotinin use and dosage on other outcomes such as the occurrence of perioperative stroke are limited. It has been postulated that the higher level of kallikrein inhibition obtained with FDA dosing may be required for end-organ protection. Therefore, we performed a retrospective study in cardiac surgery patients at high risk for developing stroke to determine the relative effects of FDA and HDA regimens on the incidence of postoperative stroke. Methods Records of 1,524 patients undergoing cardiac surgery over a 15-month period were reviewed. Patients at high risk for stroke were selected if they met all of the following predefined criteria: age greater than 70 years, history of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus, history of stroke or transient ischemic attack, and presence of aortic atheroma. A validated preoperative stroke risk index was calculated for each patient. Postoperative stroke required confirmation by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were divided into three groups according to whether they were administered no aprotinin, HAD, or FDA. Results A total of 149 patients fulfilled the criteria for being at high risk for stroke. Stroke risk index was very similar ( p = 0.56) in the three groups: those who received no aprotinin and served as a control group (124 ± 15, n = 56), those who were given HDA (123 ± 12, n = 67), and those who received FDA (122 ± 11 n = 26). Preoperative and intraoperative characteristics were also similar between the three study groups. Overall, the incidence of stroke was 16% (24/149). The incidence of stroke differed ( p Conclusions In this retrospective study of cardiac surgery patients at high risk for postoperative stroke, the administration of FDA but not HDA was associated with a lower incidence of stroke.
Quercetin and resveratrol potently reduce estrogen sulfotransferase activity in normal human mammary epithelial cells.

Estrogen sulfotransferase (EST) is the sole sulfotransferase expressed in normal human breast epithelial cells and has an important function in determining free estrogen hormone levels in these cells. In the present study we examined the inhibitory effect of the dietary polyphenols quercetin and resveratrol on EST activity, i.e. 17beta-estradiol (E2) sulfation. Both the compounds potently inhibited recombinant human EST in a competitive fashion with K(i) values of about 1 microM. In fact, both polyphenols could serve as substrates for EST. In order to extend the studies to more physiologically relevant conditions, we examined whether inhibition of EST also occurred in the intact cultured human mammary epithelial (HME) cells. The mean baseline EST activity (E2 sulfate formation) in the HME cells was 4.4 pmol/h per mg protein. The IC(50) for resveratrol was very similar to that for recombinant EST, i.e. about 1 microM. Surprisingly, quercetin was 10 times more potent in the HME cells with an IC(50) of about 0.1 microM, a concentration that should be possible to achieve from the normal dietary content of this flavonoid.
Cost‐effectiveness of government inputs to schooling: technical and policy contexts

This article presents a study of the cost‐effectiveness of government inputs in raising achievement scores in Bangladeshi primary schools. The analysis itself involves three steps: regression analysis, cost–analysis and simulation analysis—each built on the previous step to identify the most cost‐effective government inputs. The paper describes each step and the results of each step. The results are, nonetheless ambiguous. The paper posits that these ambiguities derive from the policy context in which the study was designed and executed. This study suggests that there are hidden costs when research designs and methodologies are chosen in order to minimize political/policy risk.
A simple novel measure of passive transfer of maternal immunoglobulin is predictive of preweaning mortality in piglets

Two factors that contribute to preweaning mortality in piglets are the initiation of lactation by sows and their ability to nurse their piglets. The objective of this study was to determine if the quantification of the transfer of immunoglobulins (Igs) from sow to piglet could act as a measure of these sow factors in terms of their influence on preweaning mortality. To measure passive transfer, a simple, rapid Ig immunocrit method was developed. For validation, the smallest piglets from 204 gilts were sacrificed on day 1 after birth and blood was collected. Piglet serum Ig concentrations were measured three ways: (1) by protein A sepharose precipitation, SDS-PAGE, and densitometry of the IgG heavy chain; (2) by precipitation of Ig with (NH(4))(2)SO(4) followed by spectrophotometric measurement; and (3) by precipitation of Ig with (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and measurement of the ratio of precipitate to sample volume using a hematocrit microcapillary (the Ig immunocrit method). Results from the (NH(4))(2)SO(4) methods correlated (r=0.86) with those obtained using SDS-PAGE. Day 1 weights and immunocrit ratios and preweaning survival data were then collected from every piglet from first (n=90), and second (n=145) parity sows. Bodyweight and immunocrit ratios accounted for 4.8% and 16.7% (P<0.01) of the variation in preweaning mortality, respectively. Litter average immunocrit ratios were not correlated with preweaning mortality. In conclusion, the Ig immunocrit method is a simple, rapid measure of passive transfer from sow to piglet, and is useful in assessing the initiation of colostrum and the nursing ability of sows, and the effect of these events on preweaning piglet mortality.
Are we getting it right

Beck’s “risk society” is alive. From this starting point the article assumes that risk today has to be addressed in a cultural way, taking into account that risk was not a cultural feature of the Second World War society. Among the tools for addressing the question are risk-communication research and practice, which focus on the exchange of information between all the parties concerned because it is in the framework of the communication process that risk brings together scientific uncertainty and value judgements in ways that are intimately related to politics, people’s lifestyles and the nature of our democracy.
An Exploration of Differences in Childhood Maltreatment between Violent and Non-Violent Male Delinquents

Using prospective data collected from a sample (N = 161) of male, incarcerated youth, we compared the maltreatment histories of violent (n = 59) and nonviolent (n = 78) offenders. We measured the frequency of physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect for both groups. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. We found that violent offenders reported significantly greater frequency of physical neglect and sexual abuse and a higher total score on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire than nonviolent offenders. This contradicts past literature (Capaldi & Patterson, 1996; Farrington, 1991; Haapasalo & Hamalainen, 1996) suggesting that there may be more differences in the amount and type of maltreatment experienced by violent and nonviolent offenders than previously thought.
Conformational Analysis of 3,3-Dimethylhexane

Abstract Infrared and Raman spectra were obtained for 3,3-dimethylhexane and were interpreted with the aid of normal coordinate calculations. It was shown that this compound exists in more than one molecular conformation. Two of those conformations were identified. Transferred force constant values resulted in an overall average difference between observed and calculated wavenumbers of 4.6 cm−1 for the two conformers.
Combined Microscopy and Hyperelastic Warping for the Measurement of Intranuclear Mechanics in Native 3D Tissue

The cell nucleus directs the regulation of normal cellular functions as well as the expression of proteins required for adaption to environmental changes. Mechanical forces are an important determinant of gene expression, and yet the measurement of intranuclear mechanics (e.g. strain) in cells embedded within their native tissue in situ remains a challenge.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Organic Solvents Compromise Performance of Internal Standard (Ascomycin) in Proficiency Testing of Mass Spectrometry-Based Assays for Tacrolimus

Therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive agents by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) can provide highly selective and sensitive quantification from biological fluids. Interlaboratory performance for cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and sirolimus, as assessed by LC/MS, in proficiency testing (PT) programs [e.g., College of American Pathologists (CAP) (1) and the International Proficiency Testing Scheme (IPTS) (2)] has been poor, albeit improving, although individual laboratories report excellent interassay imprecision (CV <5.5%) at drug concentrations across analytical ranges (3)(4)(5)(6). Lack of industry-wide standardization may contribute to variations in PT program performance across MS laboratories because it requires that those laboratories develop “home brew” assays, use reference materials with potentially different purities obtained from numerous sources, and prepare either whole-blood calibrator/quality-control (QC) materials in house or purchase commercial materials that may be verified only for a specific procedure. In addition, most PT samples are unlike routine specimens, being prepared from either artificial or whole-blood–like matrices (sometimes pooled patient blood) that are subjected to the rigors of batch preparation and shipping. I describe here an experience of specific and unusual performance of PT samples, which likely resulted from instabilities of the internal …
Executive Function Treatment and Intervention in Schools

This selective review article examines treatment and intervention strategies for executive function (EF) deficits within the school environment. We begin by providing a broad definition of EF. We then examine the scope of EF deficits within the school setting and identify profiles of special populations of students who present with such deficits. A focus is placed on the developmental trajectory that both EF and the frontal lobes follow and how this drives the selection and effectiveness of treatments and interventions at particular "critical periods" throughout a child's academic career. Direct and indirect school-based diagnostic assessment methods to identify EF deficits in students will be briefly reviewed. Against that background, various treatment methods and intervention strategies to remediate both cognitive and affective EF deficits within the confines of the school setting will be presented. Individual and group intervention strategies will be presented as will their current acceptance within the scientific community and applicability to the educational arena. The importance of incorporating school-based neuropsychological assessment methods that aid in the differential diagnosis of academic and behavioral difficulties directly related to EF will also be discussed, as the accurate identification of these impairments is necessary to facilitate data-based decision making when selecting the most appropriate interventions following a developmental model in educational settings. Topics addressing EF treatment modalities and research-based interventions for clinical and school-based practitioners to consider within educational settings will also be presented as suggestions for future research with pediatric populations.