cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Academic Integrity in the Information Age: Virtues of Respect and Responsibility

This study examines business students’ ethical awareness for two virtues needed to maintain academic integrity, respect, and responsibility. Using the multidimensional ethics survey, five dimensions (i.e., ethical philosophies) were measured for six scenarios representing student behaviors using Information Technology (IT). The results indicate that students are ethically aware in respect situations, but are more neutral in responsibility situations. Of the five ethical dimensions, moral equity and relativism appear to be the strongest influences in academic integrity scenarios utilizing IT. This study provides guidance for business professors in their pursuit of ethical excellence in the classroom and for researchers in search of greater understanding of ethical judgments of students.
Postoperative complications in obese and nonobese patients

Postoperative complications are undesirable and potentially common in the increasing obese population of surgical patients. There is a scarcity of recent and reliable studies comparing postoperative morbidity and mortality in obese and nonobese patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, pattern, and severity of postoperative complications in obese and nonobese surgical patients. A retrospective review and analysis of adult postoperative complications recorded on an electronic database was conducted. The database covered a period of 4 years and consisted of 7,271 cases of postoperative complications that occurred within 30 days of noncardiac moderate or major surgery. Appropriate data and variables were compared between obese and nonobese patients using the SPSS program. The rate of postoperative complications was 7.7%. Obese patients had a higher prevalence of myocardial infarction (P = 0.001), peripheral nerve injury (P = 0.039), wound infection (P = 0.001), and urinary tract infection (P = 0.004). ). Morbidly obese patients had a higher mortality rate of 2.2% compared with 1.2%; for all other patients (P = 0.034) and a higher prevalence of tracheal reintubation (P = 0.009) and cardiac arrest (P = 0.015). Obese patients had higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status scores than other patients (P = 0.001). Obese patients have a significantly higher risk of postoperative myocardial infarction, wound infection, nerve injury, and urinary infection. Obesity is an independent risk factor for perioperative morbidity, and morbid obesity is a risk factor for mortality.
Arrow's Theorem and engineering design decision making

This article establishes that Arrow”s General Possibility Theorem has only indirect application to engineering design. Arrow”s Theorem states that there can be no consistent, equitable method for social choice. Many engineering design decisions are based on the aggregation of preferences. The foundation of many engineering decision methods is the explicit comparison of degrees of preference, a comparison that is not available in the social choice problem. This explicit comparison of preference levels is coupled with the choice of an aggregation method, and some forms of aggregation may be inadequate or inappropriate in engineering design.
Influence of Radiation Damage and Isochronal Annealing on the Magnetic Susceptibility of Pu 1-x Am x Alloys

Results of radiation damage in Pu and Pu1-xAmx alloys studied with magnetic susceptibility, χ(T), and resistivity are presented. Damage accumulated at low temperatures increases χ(T) for all measured alloys, with the trend generally enhanced as the lattice expands. There is a trend towards saturation observable in the damage induced magnetic susceptibility data. that is not evident in similar damage induced resistivity data taken on the same specimen. A comparison of isochronal annealing curves measured by both resistivity and magnetic susceptibility on a 4.3at% Ga stabilized δ-Pu specimen show that Stage I annealing, where interstitials begin to move, is largely transparent to the magnetic measurement. This indicates that interstitials have little impact on the damage induced increase in the magnetic susceptibility. The isochronal annealing curves of the Pu1-xAmx alloys do not show distinct annealing stages as expected for alloys. However, samples near 20% Am concentration show an unexpected increase in magnetization beginning when specimens are annealed to 35K. This behavior is also reflected in a time dependent increase in the magnetic susceptibility of damaged specimens indicative of first order kinetics. These results suggest there may be a metastable phase induced by radiation damage and annealing in Pu1-xAmx alloys.
Carbene stabilization by aryl substituents. Is bigger better

The geometries and relative stabilities of the singlet and triplet states of phenyl- (Cs), diphenyl- (C2), 1-naphthyl- (Cs), di(1-naphthyl)- (C2), and 9-anthryl-substituted (Cs) carbenes were investigated at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) + ZPVE level of density functional theory. The singlet−triplet energy separations (ΔEST), 2.7, 2.9, 3.4, 3.7, and 5.7 kcal/mol, respectively, after including an empirical correction (2.8 kcal/mol) based on the error in the computed singlet−triplet gap for methylene versus experiment, are in good agreement with available experimental values. Consistent with literature reports, triplet di(9-anthryl)carbene has a linear, D2d symmetrical, allene structure with 1.336 A CC bond lengths and considerable biradical character. B3LYP favors such cumulene biradical structures and triplet spin states and predicts a large (>15 kcal/mol) “di(9-anthryl)carbene” singlet−triplet (biradical) energy gap. The resonance stabilization of both singlet and triplet carbenes increases modestly with the si...
Cellular and molecular aspects of thymus dependent antibody production in aged C3H/HeBr mice

An age related decline in anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody produced by lymphoid cells in splenic tissue of male C3H/HeBr mice was observed for both IgM and IgG production. The total number of lymphocytes per gram of splenic tissue was diminished, but there was no observed decrease in the spleen size with age. Analyses for enhanced suppressor cell activity as is found in tumor bearing mice of this strain revealed no enhanced suppressor activity in non-tumor bearing aged mice. Analyses of total cellular RNA from old and young mouse splenic lymphocytes revealed 8.5% less total RNA in aged mouse cells. Of the total RNA content, the percent of functional messenger RNA (poly(A)-RNA) declined 19.3% in the aged mouse cells. Isolation of the poly(A) tailed messenger RNA followed by cell-free translation of the message using a reticulocyte lysate system demonstrated that the poly(A)-RNA from young and aged mouse splenic lyphocytes directed protein synthesis to the same extent, indicating that although there was less poly(A)-RNA in the aged mouse cells, the activity of the poly(A)-RNA was relatively equivalent to that of young mouse cells. Translated proteins from poly(A)-RNA directed synthesis analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested a significant decline in immunoglobulin light and heavy chain message in the aged mouse lymphocytes of B cell enriched as well as unfractionated populations. This study suggested that age related declining humoral immunity in C3H/HeBr mice may have resulted from a defect in the B cell or helper T cell compartments, but was not the result of enhanced suppressor activity. This finding was substantiated by an observed decrease in poly(A)-RNA levels in aged mouse lymphoid cells as well as a suggested loss of intrinsic message for antibody synthesis.
On extraction of acyl and alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate from incubation mixtures

Chloroform-methanol mixture was shown to extract acyl and alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate from enzyme incubation mixtures. However, when the lipid extract was washed with water to remove nonlipid materials, 70–80% of acyl and alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate were lost in the aqueous phase. It was shown that, keeping the pH low ( 95%) of the acyl and alkyl dihydroxyacetone phosphate were recovered in the chloroform-rich phase. n-Butanol was shown to extract 80–90% of these lipids from incubation mixtures at neutral pH.
Laser hair removal pearls

A number of lasers and light devices are now available for the treatment of unwanted hair. The goal of laser hair removal is to damage stem cells in the bulge of the follicle through the targeting of melanin, the endogenous chromophore for laser and light devices utilized to remove hair. The competing chromophores in the skin and hair, oxyhemoglobin and water, have a decreased absorption between 690 nm and 1000 nm, thus making this an ideal range for laser and light sources. Pearls of laser hair removal are presented in this review, focusing on four areas of recent development: 1 treatment of blond, white and gray hair; 2 paradoxical hypertrichosis; 3 laser hair removal in children; and 4 comparison of lasers and IPL. Laser and light-based technologies to remove hair represents one of the most exciting areas where discoveries by dermatologists have led to novel treatment approaches. It is likely that in the next decade, continued advancements in this field will bring us closer to the development of a more permanent and painless form of hair removal.
Simplifying Web Programming

Modern web programming is plagued by a jungle of heterogeneous programming frameworks and lacks adequate abstractions for end-to-end rapid, structured, design and development. We studied the current problems faced by developers using an online survey, and found that integrating client-side interactivity with the back-end is a major source of inefficiency. Based on the reported issues, we developed a new programming environment, called WebNat, to reduce the burden of client-server programming. WebNat makes it easy to specify bindings of client-side views with server-side data and provides multiple abstractions that enable succinct specifications for interactive web applications. We conducted a user study to understand its usefulness and barriers to adoption. Our participants were able to learn and use WebNat in less than 2 hours showing minimal learning curve. We also discovered that although novices embrace the system readily, experience developers are more cautious about adopting a new web programming framework.
Secondary Flow and Residence Time Distribution in Food Processing Holding Tubes with Bends

Residence times of nearly neutrally buoyant polystyrene particles flowing with an aqueous solution of carboxymethylcellulose were measured in each of 4 straight sections of holding tubes that were connected by 180 ° bends. Equations were developed to predict mean, minimum, and standard deviations of residence times in individual tubes and In the entire assembly as a function of viscosity, particle size, particle concentration, and flow rate. The residence time distribution in the 4 th tube was always narrower than that in the 1 st tube, and the ratio of the mean to minimum residence time was always between 1.07 and 1.20. These results can help In the design of appropriate holding tubes for food processing.
Determination of methanol/CO2 and acetonitrile/CO2 vapor-liquid phase equilibria using a variable-volume view cell

Abstract Methanol/CO 2 phase behavior was investigated previously by a number of researchers. However, the entire composition range at moderate temperatures was not mapped in a single study. Extensive acetonitrile/CO 2 vapor-liquid phase information has not been reported. The goals of this research were twofold: (1) to demonstrate the accuracy and precision of visual observation for vapor-liquid phase boundary determination using a high-pressure, variable-volume view cell with the methanol/CO 2 system relative to the data available, and (2) to examine phase behavior of methanol/CO 2 and acetonitrile/CO 2 , commonly used binary fluids for supercritical fluid chromatography and extraction, from 0–1.00 mole fraction CO 2 and over a 25–100°C temperature range. Results for methanol/CO 2 were found to be very comparable to the literature values.
The psychosexual aspects of hypospadias repair: A review

Abstract Objective To review the psychosexual effects on men after hypospadias repair. Methods We reviewed all English-language publications in the MEDLINE database from the US National Library of Medicine with the search terms ‘hypospadias adult’, ‘psychosexual hypospadias’, ‘psychosocial hypospadias’, and ‘social hypospadias’. Each term returned 1036, 35, 19 and 68 results, respectively, which were reviewed. Results While improvements in surgical techniques have improved function, the abnormality and repair still causes a disruption in perceived quality of life for many men. After repair, many men suffer from a negative view of their genitals and some degree of sexual inhibition. However, they still maintain a satisfactory sex life. Conclusions Psychosexual effects of hypospadias repair they endure in adulthood, although affected men maintain satisfaction with their sexual life.
Environmental Control Costs and U.S. Effective Rates of Protection

This study investigates the impact of U.S. environmental control costs on the Abstract effective rates of protection given to U.S. industrial sectors in 1977. The effective rate of protection equation is modified in order to quantify the loss of protection due to environmental control costs and compare it to the protection afforded by the tariff structure. Results are presented for the following two cases: (1) only direct environmental control costs influence the net level of protection, and (2) direct environmental control costs and environmental control costs borne by inputs influence the net level of protection. For the case with direct environmental control costs and environmental control costs borne by inputs, the loss ofprotection due to environmental control costs is 19.67% of the protection afforded by the U.S. tariff structure.
CLEAR CELL SARCOMA: A Dilemma on Pathological Staging and Clinical Management

Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) has been classified as high risk tumour in the previous UK and international Wilms tumor studies. The current Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) trial, UK version, advocates chemotherapy including doxorubicin prior to nephrectomy. Pathological staging and histology of the resected tumor are then applied to determine the extent and intensity of the postoperative therapy. We describe an unusual case with a trilobed tumor and debate the appropriate postoperative management.
NMR study of the effect of 5′-AMP on β-lactamase-catalyzed hydrolysis of penicillins

Abstract The β-lactamase-catalyzed hydrolysis of penicillins can be followed by a novel NMR method. During the reaction, methyl proton signals of the penicillin decrease in intensity, while new methyl signals of the product, penicilloic acid, appear and increase in intensity. The half-life is easily measured as the time for the signals to be of equal intensity. With 6-aminopenicillanic acid, which is the precursor to a large number of semisynthetic penicillins, the reaction rate follows the Michaelis-Menten expression. In D 2 O at pD 7.0, 29°C, the presence of 5′-AMP raises the values of both apparent V max and apparent K m . An explanation for the rise in apparent V max is that a ternary enzyme-substrate-AMP (ESA) complex is formed which reacts faster than ES. An explanation for the rise in apparent K m is that the dissociation of ESA is greater than ES. At 0.068 M , penicillin-G hydrolyzes 10 times faster than 6-aminopenicillanic acid. The rate of hydrolysis of penicillin-G is unaffected by the presence of 5′-AMP.
Health Care Utilization of Somatizing Patients in a Pulmonary Subspecialty Clinic

Somatizing patients present with medically unexplained physical complaints, repeat clinic visits, and a history of prior extensive testing. The authors reviewed 1,908 pulmonary consultation reports for 1990–1991 for evidence of somatization, yielding a group of 4l (2%) patients for study. Billing records were obtained and were compared to asthmatic patients and those in a health maintenance organization (HMO). Health care costs for the somatizing patients were significantly higher than the average cost for HMO patients and comparable to the health costs for patients with asthma. Half of the somatizing patients had psychological problems indicated in their medical records, but few received psychiatric referral or treatment. Management of the somatizing patient within the specialty clinic and on-site psychiatric treatment are suggested as ways to decrease unnecessary health care utilization.
Interrelationship of personality disorders: Theoretical formulations and anecdotal evidence

In this paper an attempt is made to define the interrelationship of personality disorders. Relationships both between and among the 3 major groupings of DSM-III are discussed. It is proposed that 3 personality disorders, namely passive aggressive, avoidant, and borderline are impure and serve as bridges between the 3 major DSM-111 groupings. Placement within the 3 groupings is discussed with antisocial, compulsive, and schizoid as being the essence of the 3 categories. Anecdotal evidence from previous psychometric research is provided.
Posttraumatic anosmia secondary to central nervous system injury.

BackgroundThe presumed pathogenesis of posttraumatic anosmia is stretching or shearing of the olfactory nerves in a coup-contracoup head contusion. Direct injury to the brain is an alternate mechan...
Preservation of Myocardial ATP: Comparison of Blood vs Crystalloid Cardioplegia

Preservation of myocardial high-energy phosphates correlates with the heart's ability to resume normal function following aortic crossclamping (AXC). The ability of the canine myocardium to synthesize and maintain ATP during 180 minutes of AXC was evaluated in 12 hearts subjected to either blood or crystalloid cardioplegic arrest. Group 1 hearts were arrested by infusion of 750 ml of blood potassium cardioplegia (BKC) solution into the aortic root initially and every 30 minutes, as were group 2 (six) hearts but with a crystalloid cardioplegia (CC) solution. Transmural left ventricular biopsy specimens were obtained for ATP analysis prior to AXC (control), before and after cardioplegia injections 2, 4, and 6, prior to unclamping (180 minutes of AXC), and 30 minutes following reperfusion. ATP levels increased significantly above control (p less than 0.005) during the 180 minutes of AXC immediately following infusion of BKC. At the end of 180 minutes of AXC and following 30 minutes of reperfusion, ATP was noted to be normal in this group (p = NS). In contrast, ATP levels fell significantly (p less than 0.005) during the period of aortic cross-clamping in the crystalloid cardioplegia group and did not return to normal even after 30 minutes of reperfusion (p less than 0.005). We concluded that BKC, by presenting the arrested myocyte with adequate oxygen and substrate, allows for synthesis and preservation of myocardial ATP during periods of AXC as long as three hours. In this respect, it should be regarded as superior to CC, which permits a statistically significant depletion of ATP (p less than 0.005) uncorrected, even after 30 minutes of reperfusion in the beating, nonworking state.
UV Raman Spectral Intensities of E. Coli and Other Bacteria Excited at 228.9, 244.0, and 248.2 nm

Resonance Raman spectral intensities per average bacterial cell have been measured quantitatively for Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Enterobacter aerogenes, as well as Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Spectra have been obtained from cultures in the lag, log, and stationary growth phases excited in turn by 228.9, 244.0, and 248.2 nm light. Although Raman spectral peak positions (cm(-1)) excited by a given wavelength are very similar for all five bacterial species, the organisms are characterized by significantly different spectral intensity values. Intensity changes are associated with growth phase changes in all of the species as well. A comparison of measured with estimated average intensities has been made for spectra of log-phase E. coli. It is possible to compare measured intensities with intensities estimated for log-phase E. coli on the basis of the knowledge of its known average cellular molecular composition. A significant degree of hypochromism is observed in E. coli nucleic acid spectra. In contrast, strong average hyperchromism characterizes all aromatic amino acid peaks belonging to the same E. coli cells. Results suggest that knowledge of spectral intensity values will enhance significantly the capability to identify bacteria by means of their UV resonance Raman spectra.
A LABORATORY STUDY OF INDIVIDUAL SEARCH PATTERNS IN A DECISION‐MAKING SITUATION

This study investigates the effects of time and probability constraints on the search process in a decision-making situation. The setting was a behavioral laboratory in which subjects were asked to choose one art print from a selection of 260 prints. The prints were in sets of five for convenience in showing. In the nonconstraint condition, subjects were able to set their own pace in viewing prints and could obtain any print in the whole set that was desired. Under the constraint condition, the time and probability constraints were both operative. Under the time constraint, viewing additional sets required increasing amounts of time. Under the probability constraint, there was a constantly reducing probability—down to a minimum of ten percent—of obtaining an earlier print as more prints were viewed. In comparison to unconstrained subjects, constrained subjects viewed fewer prints and did more rechecking in total while the search was in process.
A long wave radio astronomy interferometer for orbit.

Long wave radio astronomy interferometer system design for orbiting spacecraft, noting radio source surveys and sun and Jupiter observations
Imaging of thrombi with tissue-type plasminogen activator rendered enzymatically inactive and conjugated to a residualizing label.

BACKGROUNDContemporary cardiovascular practice relies increasingly on thrombolysis as a therapeutic modality. Its optimal use requires prompt, noninvasive delineation of thrombotic occlusion in arterial beds and rapid detection of reocclusion after initially successful thrombolysis.METHODS AND RESULTSWe have been developing an approach to noninvasively image thrombi in which plasminogen-activating properties of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) are attenuated by treatment with D-Phe-L-Pro-L-Arg-chloromethyl ketone (PPACK) and have shown that the inactive t-PA avidly and promptly binds to clots in vitro. In the present study, we conjugated this material to a residualizing label, radioiodinated dilactitol tyramine (*I-DLT), and characterized the potential use of the inactivated, conjugated t-PA as a radiopharmaceutical for imaging thrombi in vivo. The approach developed requires not only avid binding of the tracer to thrombi but also rapid clearance from plasma and a lack of prompt release of radiola...
Acquired madelung-like deformity in a gymnast

High-level gymnastic training may cause clinical and radiographic changes in the wrist. A case is reported demonstrating bilateral closure of the ulnar side of the distal radius epiphyseal plate in a patient with a history of high-level gymnastic training. Cumulative microtrauma to the ulnar side of the distal radius epiphyseal plate may cause premature closure leading to a Madelung-like deformity.
Strengths-Based Child Portfolios: A Professional Development Activity to Alter Perspectives of Children with Special Needs

Attitudes and perspectives have been identified as potential barriers to successful inclusion of young children with disabilities in community-based settings. Professional development activities are frequently suggested as a strategy for influencing caregivers' attitudes and perspectives, but few studies have identified successful ways to positively affect perspectives about children with disabilities. A total of 48 child portfolio projects were completed by 65 urban, infant-toddler childcare staff members who participated in a professional development program designed to increase the quality of infant and toddler childcare, including care for children with special needs, developmental delays, or identified disabilities. Training program participants wrote a one-page story about a child they selected to participate with them in an out-of-class portfolio project. A second story was written following completion of the project. These pre- and postproject stories were rated to determine the extent to which st...
The what and how of counting

We correct a common misunderstanding of our so-called «abstraction principle» and, more importantly, to explain why we do not believe the domain-general model for the development of counting proposed by Shipley and Shepperson is a viable alternative to the kind of domain-specific model we have argued for
CubeSat based sensors for global weather forecasting

Summary form only given. The positive impact of passive microwave observations of tropospheric temperature, water vapor, and surface variables on short term weather forecasts has been clearly demonstrated in recent error growth studies. However, current-era spaceborne passive microwave sensors remain singularly expensive and risky components of global weather forecast systems, while at the same time offer only limited temporal sampling capabilities. A fleet of small, low-cost satellite microwave sensors has the potential to provide reduced system cost and risk while simultaneously improving the time sampling of rapidly evolving weather. In an effort to study the potential of such a fleet the University of Colorado is developing the first low-cost CubeSat-based passive microwave sounder for demonstration as an element of a larger fleet of sounders for weather forecasting. The PolarCube satellite is an 8-channel 118-GHz temperature sounder providing ~15 km spatial resolution from an orbital altitude of ~350 km. It is based on a spin-scanned concept using the CU ALL STAR 3U CubeSat bus with a two point calibration method using a warm load and cold space. The development of the radiometer payload and bus are led by student teams at CU using low cost components. A launch into a sun-synchronous orbit for evaluation of polar sounding and imaging capabilities is tentatively scheduled for late 2013. The 3U to 6U CubeSat envelope is well suited to passive microwave imaging at frequencies at approximately V-band and higher due to the available aperture size and anticipated orbital altitudes for CubeSats. The use of redundant satellites within a fleet launched either in groups or as single payloads will moreover provide enhanced temporal resolution previously attainable using only geostationary concepts. While data communications to such fleets will likely require relay satellites at higher altitudes it is envisioned that the available orbital lifetimes without propellant boost will require fleet replenishment at rates modest enough for reduced operational system costs as well as facilitate regular technology infusion into sensing, navigation, data, and control electronics. In this presentation the design characteristics of the PolarCube satellite will be discussed, along with the ramifications of the CubeSat envelope restrictions on the cost, sampling characteristics, scanning capabilities, communications requirements, and expected measurement precision of a CubeSat passive microwave fleet.
Arteritis of coronary arteries in mice receiving a single dose of cortisone.

Mice were given a single injection of cortisone acetate and killed from one to seven days later. Arterial lesions occurred first and were predominantly located in the right ventricle. Hyalin was present in media of these coronary arteries within 24 hours following administration of cortisone. Exudative and proliferative changes in the arterial walls and perivascular spaces followed medial hyalinization. The highest incidence of arterial lesions (90%) was attained on the third day following cortisone injection and then decreased slightly (57%) by the seventh day. Myocardial necrosis was observed first in mice killed 48 hours after receiving cortisone and the incidence did not change significantly thereafter.
When More is Less Sex Composition, Organizations, and Earnings in U.S. Firms

Using a nationally representative survey of work organizations, we test whether the earnings penalty associated with work that is done primarily by women exists at the level of jobs within work organizations. Additionally, we bring theory and research on organizations to bear on this question, enabling us to test theoretically salient interactions between the sex composition of jobs and measures of organizational structure and environment. Our results corroborate prior research showing strong negative effects of female representation on work rewards, net of a diverse array of control variables. We find this penalty to be exceedingly robust, with neither government regulation, firm size, nor employment formalization attenuating the negative effect of female representation on earnings.
Not All Sinistrality is Pathological

Abstract Information regarding age, sex, birth stress, and handedness was obtained from 762 university faculty members and 1869 undergraduate and medical students, who also provided age, sex, and handedness information for their first-degree relatives. In addition, students reported the occupations and educational levels of their parents. Analyses of the effects of birth order, reported birth stress, and maternal, paternal, and joint parental age showed that an increased incidence of sinistrality was only rarely associated with high, birth risk; in all cases, the effects were confined to male subjects, most frequently male faculty members. Sinistrality was not associated with low socioeconomic status; on the contrary, there were significantly more sinistrals among parents of high than of low educational and occupational levels. The pathogenic hypothesis has other implications which fail to find support in the current literature, thus casting further doubt on the proposition that all sinistrality is pathological in origin.
Aspects of Mauthner Cell Differentiation in the Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

SYNOPSIS. In premetamorphic amphibians, the Mauthner cells (M-cells), a single pair of large neurons, are present in the medulla. M-cells differentiate early, are easily recognized morphologically, and in the axolotl embryo, may be approached experimentally: This system is a unique one for the study of neuronal development. The withdrawal of a neuron from the cell division cycle is an early event in its differentiation. Gastrulae, neurulae and tailbud embryos were each given a single injection of 3H-thymidine. Radioautographs of larvae showed label over M-cell nuclei when injections were made before the end of gastrulation, but not when injections were made at later stages. Thus, the cells that give rise to M-cells cease DNA synthesis during late gastrulation. Unilateral rotations of prospective hindbrain through 180° were performed to see if M-cell axes are specified during neurulation. Rigid axial polarization of the M-cell does not appear to occur in the neurula: The rotated cell regulates and develops normally with respect to its axes. A major source of input to the M-cell is from the ipsilateral vestibular system. To study the interaction of the M-cell with ingrowing axons, unilateral implants of otic vesicles were made anterior to the otic vesicle in host midtailbud embryos. Preliminary data suggests a mechanism for the formation of specific neuronal connections not dependent upon position-time relationships: The ectopic vestibular axons enter the medulla and course caudad to terminate in the region of the ipsilateral M-cell. Whether these axons actually form synapses on the M-cell remains to be established.
Effect of visual deprivation and light on synapses of the inner plexiform layer.

Abstract The effect of unilateral lid closure on synaptic contacts of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) has been studied. The operation was carried out on 14-day-old albino rats which survived for 8 weeks and were kept in a room illuminated 8 hr a day. The open eye as well as the deprived one are affected by unilateral lid closure. The presence of two processes caused by unilateral deprivation was postulated: the effect of deprivation itself, which stimulates the formation of new amacrine contacts in the IPL of the closed eye; the effect of an assumed excess of light to the open eye with the consequent damage to receptors. Because of direct connection between receptors and bipolar elements the damage of the receptors seems to induce changes in the bipolar terminals that decreases the density of bipolar contacts in the IPL of the open eye.
Student Withdrawals and Delayed Work Patterns in Self-Paced Psychology Courses:

(1979). Student Withdrawals and Delayed Work Patterns In Self-Paced Psychology Courses. Teaching of Psychology: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 23-25.
Gene 5 of the IDIR agent (group B rotavirus) encodes a protein equivalent to NS34 of group A rotavirus.

Abstract Gene 5 of the IDIR strain of group B rotavirus was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in RBC lysates in order to identify the coding assignment. The complete nucleic acid sequence of IDIR gene 5 included 1306 bases and encoded a single long open reading frame of 390 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 44.8 kDa. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence indicated substantial identity with the NS34 protein of group A rotaviruses (GAR). Like GAR NS34, the product deduced from IDIR agent gene 5 was predicted to exhibit a high degree of α helix secondary structure and a relatively low pl (4.6). In vitro translation of gene 5 resulted in synthesis of a protein which was specifically immunoprecipitated by convalescent antibody obtained from infant rats following infection with the IDIR agent, confirming that this product was of viral origin. Under non-reducing conditions, products as large as 200 kDa were also noted in SDS-PAGE. Formation of oligomers by GAR NS34 has previously been observed, indicating that this feature is probably a general characteristic among rotavirus NS34 and may relate to the functional role of the protein in viral replication.
The Marijuana Screening Inventory (MSI-X): reliability, factor structure, and scoring criteria with a clinical sample.

Objective: This study continues the psychometric evaluation of a 31‐item Marijuana Screening Inventory (MSI‐X) with adults referred to a substance abuse clinic, by determining MSI‐X reliability, factor structure, scoring cutoff accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with a DSM‐IV‐TR criterion measure. Method: A “marijuana inventory” containing demographic, MSI‐X, and DSM IV‐TR diagnostic items was administered to 107 adults undergoing substance‐use evaluation. Results: The MSI‐X reliability was. 90 with factor analysis deriving nine factors explaining 72.2% of the variance. Varimax rotation supports retention of all 31 items on nine factor‐based scales. Receiver operating characteristic analysis determined MSI‐X accuracy and cutoff points in relation to four DSM IV‐TR diagnostic classifications. The MSI‐X obtained the highest probability (.91) for accuracy in identifying both cannabis dependence and abuse, with six the optimal cutoff for maximum sensitivity (.83) and specificity (.89). Thus, MSI‐X scores ...
Fuzzy logic controller for energy management of power split hybrid electrical vehicle transmission

This paper investigates energy management strategies for a power split hybrid electric transmissions using a fuzzy design method. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) is one of the most promising research topics for developing efficient and environmentally-friendly transportation solutions. A power split hybrid combines the advantages of both series and parallel hybrid configurations by providing a higher degree of freedom to fulfill the demand of the driver while improving overall fuel efficiency at the cost of higher complexity and non-linearity in the control system design. There are two issues that should be addressed for energy management: torque distribution and battery charge sustenance. The fuzzy controller controls the torque request for the internal combustion engine by taking into consideration the vehicle speed, battery state-of-charge, and the normalized torque request from either the driver or an automated driving controller. The controller has several rules to control the internal combustion engine (ICE) torque request. We show that our rule base provides greater control over the ICE operation over a wide range of conditions for optimum fuel consumption. The controller was tested by integrating with a vehicle model and simulated by running it for multiple United States Environmental Protection Agency drive-cycles and then compared to a controller based on a commercially available HEV system.
Generalized and lateralized effects of concurrent verbal rehearsal upon performance of sequential movements of the fingers by the left and right hands.

Abstract College student subjects performed a sequential typing task requiring bilaterally synchronized movements (Experiment 1) or unilaterally synchronized movements (Experiment 2) singly, and concurrently with silent and vocal rehearsal of verbal lists varying in redundancy. Rehearsal interfered with bilaterally synchronized movements more when the right hand was leading the sequence than when the left hand led, and with movements of the right more than the left hand in unilaterally synchronized movements. Results are interpreted in terms of intrahemispheric and general capacity competition between the concurrent performances.
The influence of root canal sealer on extended intracanal survival of Enterococcus faecalis with and without gelatinase production ability in obturated root canals.

Enterococcus faecalis can survive for extended periods in obturated root canals. In this study, the hypotheses tested were that long-term survival of E. faecalis is dependent on (1) the type of endodontic sealer and (2) the capacity for microbial gelatinase activity, a potential "virulence" trait identified previously in clinical isolates. Root canals of extracted human canines (n=95) were inoculated with either E. faecalis OG1RF or its gelatinase-negative mutant E. faecalis TX5128. After 48 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C, canals were obturated with gutta-percha and either the epoxy-resin-based AH-Plus (Dentsply, De Trey, Konstanz, Germany), the silicone-based RoekoSeal (Coltene/Whaledent, Langenau, Germany), or zinc oxide eugenol-based Roth's sealer (Root Canal Cement Type 801; Roth International Ltd, Chicago, IL). Access cavities were sealed. After 8 months of incubation at 37 degrees C, viable E. faecalis was recovered from more teeth sealed with RoekoSeal (95%) compared with AH-Plus (40%) (p=0.0004, Fisher's exact test) and Roth's sealer (45%) (p=0.0012, Fisher's exact test). In the RoekoSeal groups, viable counts of E. faecalis OG1RF were higher than E. faecalis TX5128 (p=0.03, Mann-Whitney U test) suggesting that gelatinase activity plays a role in long-term survival of E. faecalis in obturated root canals.
Remanent vortex flux from rotational magnetic states of a polycrystalline superconductor

Abstract Rotational magnetization-vector (RMV) measurements on polycrystalline YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 in fixed field H at 4.2 K reveal that the vortex flux density in a rotational state consists of a B R component, which rotates rigidly with the sample, and a B F component, which stays at a fixed frictional angle θ F relative to H . Moreover, B R decreases and ultimately vanishes with increasing H , while B F increases steadily, implying that the vortex pinning forces are broadly distributed in strength. To probe this distribution, we extended the RMV study to include the remanent flux density B rm resulting from selected rotational states when H of various values is removed. It was found that B rm decomposes analogously into B R rm and B F rm the latter at angle θ F rm relative to H removed, and that B R rm is essentially equal to the original B R (before H is removed) while B F rm and θ F rm are respectively much smaller and larger than the original B F and θ F These remanence results strongly confirm the existence of a broad pinning force distribution, which is shown to possibly derive from vortex bundling.
Light -induced cytochrome reactions in the green photosynthetic bacterium Chloropseudomonas ethylicum.

— Light-induced absorbance changes in cells of the green photosynthetic bacterium choloropseudomonas ethylicum depleted of substrate show that at lest two cytochromes become oxidized upon illumination. Inhibitory effects of phenylmercuric acetate and the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (which apparently acted also as a sulfhydryl reagent) prove athat neither of the cytochromes is oxidized by the other. A provisional electron transport pathway is presentd, which is compaltible with the experimentsl data.
Run-up and spin-up in a viscoelastic fluid. III

The problem is discussed of run-up in an incompressible viscoelastic fluid contained between infinite parallel rigid plates which are simultaneously given equal parallel velocities. The problem is analyzed in terms of the disturbances which spread from the boundaries into the fluid and are reflected back and forth at the boundaries.
Delegation and the Regulation of Risk

Political principals typically use low-cost "fire-alarm" signals transmitted by the media, interest groups, and disaffected constituents to monitor the activities of regulatory agencies. We argue that regulatory decision-making is biased and inconsistent if the instruments of political oversight are simple and the information flows to the principal are coarse relative to the complexity of the regulatory environment.
Integrative medicine consultation service in a comprehensive cancer center: findings and outcomes.

Objectives. This study portrays the characteristics of patients who attended an integrative oncology clinic at a large comprehensive cancer center and evaluated whether this service addressed patients’ concerns about complementary and integrative medicine (CIM). Methods. Patient information was collected prior to an integrative consultation, including demographics, previous use of CIM, and primary reason for requesting the consultation. Concerns and outcomes were measured using the Measure Yourself Concerns and Well-being (MYCaW) Scale at the consultation and then again at follow-up (6-12 weeks later). Patients met with a physician for an integrative consultation that included a discussion of nutrition, supplements, physical activity, useful complementary therapies, and the mind—body—spirit connection. Results. A total of 238 patients were referred for consultation regarding the integration of CIM into their care. The majority of participants were female (60%, n = 143), and the mean age was 56 years (rang...
Review and treatment algorithm of open surgical techniques for management of urethral strictures.

u c e i n i r b t b reatment of urethral strictures can be challenging, but, with a thorough preoperative evaluaion, appropriate surgical planning, and adherence to asic surgical principles, excellent results can be chieved. Minimally invasive treatment options, inluding direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU), rethral dilation, and urethral stents, can be used in elected patients, but are associated with high failure ates.1,2 DVIU and dilation are best used as the initial reatment for short (less than 1 cm) bulbar stricures.1,2 Open surgical repair should be the first hoice with longer strictures or strictures that have ailed more conservative treatment. Dozens of procedures have been described in ublished studies for the repair of urethral stricures, but seldom has a unified approach to all ypes of stricture appeared in publication. This reiew is meant to provide a concise overview to all ypes of urethral stricture, both primary and recurent. It is meant as a guide of how one referral enter manages the diversity of urethral stricture ases, and although it reflects our experience, we ecognize that other specialty centers might aproach similar problems in their own unique way.
Virtual intercultural bridgework: Social media, virtual cosmopolitanism, and activist community-building

Social media facilitates a global–local orientation to the world that allows individuals to engage in virtual community-building and participate in communication to build global citizenship. This research situates virtual cosmopolitanism in the age of new media and globalization, describing it as a means for trans-local and transnational community-building for social justice movements and activism, including community liaison-building across corporeal borders and boundaries. New media as a site of imagined communities that become larger than their component parts is then analyzed through examining several virtual cosmopolitan communities. The essay concludes with assumptions about the qualities of virtual cosmopolitan communities, and recommendations for how they can facilitate intercultural liaisons for social justice activism and community-building across difference.
The framework of a global company: A conceptualization and preliminary validation

Clearly, a substantial challenge for multinational corporations (MNCs), in the current environment of intensified competition and rapid industry consolidation, is one of much greater worldwide integration. Necessitated by intense competitive pressures, MNCs are integrating their disparate country operations in order to achieve economies across markets and operating units. This article integrates the motives and facilitators of the progression towards commonality in practices and metrics across subsidiaries and affiliates into a comprehensive framework of a global company. Preliminary results from a pilot study of the characteristics of common global practices among a sample of MNCs are presented as an initial validation of the conceptualization. The article also explores the benefits MNCs derive from the implementation of common practices across their worldwide operations, in pursuit of a global strategy.
Comparative Analysis of Successful Application of EOR in Russia and CIS

The oil industry of the former Soviet Union (FSU) has extensive experience in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods. Variety of conditions, both geological and geographical, require systematic analysis of the applicability of EOR methods under different reservoir conditions. Fuzzy logic comparative analysis enabled the identification of the main reservoir/fluid parameters that have an impact on the success of EOR methods. Analysis was done on EOR methods such as steam injection, polymer flooding, surfactant flooding, group of the gas injection methods, and CO{sub 2}-flooding. The data base created by the authors includes more than 800 EOR projects with a substantial part of them carried in the FSU. Several examples of the EOR feasibility study are discussed in the paper. The approach described in this paper allows the selection of secondary/tertiary oil recovery methods which are most promising for the given geological conditions. This reduces the number of diverse field performances and, hence, shortens the risk and uncertainty in the decision making.