cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Putting the designer in control with desktop prototyping

It is pointed out that MAX+PLUS software is the ideal tool to produce a prototype efficiently, completely, and quickly. It provides all necessary prototyping tools in one single system, ensuring that necessary iterations do not slow down the overall prototyping process. Furthermore, the MAX family of EPLDs provides high-density, high-performance devices that integrate general-purpose logic designs. With the integration potential in excess of 100 TTL packages, a single MAX EPLD can incorporate a large design on a single chip. Teaming the MAX family of EPLDs with MAX+PLUS design software to rapidly create functioning prototypes saves design time, thereby reducing the time to market, ultimately producing more profits for a company. >
Peptide identification via constrained multi‐objective optimization: Pareto‐based genetic algorithms

Automatic data-base independent peptide identification from collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry data is made difficult by large plateaus in the fitness landscapes of scoring functions and the fuzzy nature of the constraints that is due to noise in the data. Two different scoring functions are combined into a parallel multi-objective optimization framework.
"Self-Serving" Attributions to Valenced Causal Factors A Field Experiment

Previous field studies of self-attributions have used correlational methodologies. Consequently, one cannot be sure that the performance outcomes themselves produced the divergent attributions typically found. To address this problem, a field experiment was performed in which ski racers were randomly assigned to manipulated outcomes and then made attributions for these outcomes. A second problem with previous research concerns the wording of items assessing attributions. The wording itself might sometimes produce divergent attributions in the absence of any self-serving motivations. To address this issue, subjects made attributions to positively and negatively valenced factors. Although divergent attributions were found, they do not appear to be self-serving. Although participants attributed success more than failure to internal, facilitating factors, they also attributed failure more than success to internal, debilitating factors. These results support the information-processing, rather than the motivati...
Inequality constraints in the process of jumping

Abstract This work presents a study of jumping through a biomechanical model of a leg, which is subjected to an inequality constraint. The activation and deactivation of an equality constraint reproduce the inequality constraint. Within the framework of the generalized inverse equations of motion, it is shown that the activation of this additional constraint can be implemented by Greville's formulae.
‘I Am Astonished That You Are So Quickly Turning Away!’ (Gal 1.6): Paul and Anatolian Folk Belief

This article explores dimensions of the pre-Christian religious beliefs of Paul's converts in Galatia to gain a better understanding of the contextual setting of his letter. The research draws on a corpus of inscriptions that have come to be known as the ‘Lydian-Phrygian confessional inscriptions’, as well as inscriptions from the cult of Hosios and Dikaios (‘Holy’ and ‘Just’). The author concludes that the obligation to fulfill cultic requirements and perform good works to maintain a favorable standing with the local deities in their pre-Christian religious experience would have made the Galatian Christians susceptible to the message of Paul's opponents.
COMPARE: Classification of Morphological Patterns Using Adaptive Regional Elements

This paper presents a method for classification of structural brain magnetic resonance (MR) images, by using a combination of deformation-based morphometry and machine learning methods. A morphological representation of the anatomy of interest is first obtained using a high-dimensional mass-preserving template warping method, which results in tissue density maps that constitute local tissue volumetric measurements. Regions that display strong correlations between tissue volume and classification (clinical) variables are extracted using a watershed segmentation algorithm, taking into account the regional smoothness of the correlation map which is estimated by a cross-validation strategy to achieve robustness to outliers. A volume increment algorithm is then applied to these regions to extract regional volumetric features, from which a feature selection technique using support vector machine (SVM)-based criteria is used to select the most discriminative features, according to their effect on the upper bound of the leave-one-out generalization error. Finally, SVM-based classification is applied using the best set of features, and it is tested using a leave-one-out cross-validation strategy. The results on MR brain images of healthy controls and schizophrenia patients demonstrate not only high classification accuracy (91.8% for female subjects and 90.8% for male subjects), but also good stability with respect to the number of features selected and the size of SVM kernel used
Use of Cold Microfiltration Retentates Produced with Polymeric Membranes for Standardization of Milks for Manufacture of Pizza Cheese

Pizza cheese was manufactured with milk (12.1% total solids, 3.1% casein, 3.1% fat) standardized with microfiltered (MF) and diafiltered retentates. Polymeric, spiral-wound MF membranes were used to process cold (<7 degrees C) skim milk, and diafiltration of MF retentates resulted in at least 36% removal of serum protein on a true protein basis. Cheese milks were obtained by blending the MF retentate (16.4% total solids, 11.0% casein, 0.4% fat) with whole milk (12.1% total solids, 2.4% casein, 3.4% fat). Control cheese was made with part-skim milk (10.9% total solids, 2.4% casein, 2.4% fat). Initial trials with MF standardized milk resulted in cheese with approximately 2 to 3% lower moisture (45%) than control cheese ( approximately 47 to 48%). Cheese-making procedures (cutting conditions) were then altered to obtain a similar moisture content in all cheeses by using a lower setting temperature, increasing the curd size, and lowering the wash water temperature during manufacture of the MF cheeses. Two types of MF standardized cheeses were produced, one with preacidification of milk to pH 6.4 (pH6.4MF) and another made from milk preacidified to pH 6.3 (pH6.3MF). Cheese functionality was assessed by dynamic low-amplitude oscillatory rheology, University of Wisconsin MeltProfiler, and performance on pizza. Nitrogen recoveries were significantly higher in MF standardized cheeses. Fat recoveries were higher in the pH6.3MF cheese than the control or pH6.4MF cheese. Moisture-adjusted cheese yield was significantly higher in the 2 MF-fortified cheeses compared with the control cheese. Maximum loss tangent (LT(max)) values were not significantly different among the 3 cheeses, suggesting that these cheeses had similar meltability. The LT(max) values increased during ripening. The temperature at which the LT(max) was observed was highest in control cheese and was lower in the pH6.3MF cheese than in the pH6.4MF cheese. The temperature of the LT(max) decreased with age for all 3 cheeses. Values of 12% trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen levels were similar in all cheeses. Performance on pizza was similar for all cheeses. The use of MF retentates derived with polymeric membranes was successful in increasing cheese yield, and cheese quality was similar in the control and MF standardized cheeses.
Exact lower bound for proportion of maximally embedded beamlet

We prove that the maximal inscribed beamlet is at least 1/7 of an arbitrary line segment (i.e., beam). The implication of this result is addressed.
Solitary metastatic clear cell carcinoma to the spleen

A 57-year-old with a 9-year history of increased abdominal girth, presented with increased abdominal pain, anemia, and acute renal failure. His past medical history was only remarkable for a previous lung cancer 21 years ago that was treated with a right upper lung lobectomy. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the patient’s abdomen showed a solitary 20x20x25cm cystic splenic mass. The patient underwent an urgent splenectomy. Intraoperatively a large splenic cystic cavity was found with a solid inferior splenic mass. An exhaustive histological analysis of the splenic mass confirmed a clear cell carcinoma with low malignant potential that likely represented a metastatic lesion from the patient’s previous distant lung cancer. Postoperatively the patient recovered well and at 1-year followup the patient demonstrated no further evidence of metastatic disease. This case is extremely unique and provides a very rare example of a metastatic solitary clear cell carcinoma to the spleen, with a presumed latency period of more than 20 years.
Use of a bubble tiltmeter as a horizontal seismometer

A bubble tiltmeter has been used as a horizontal seismometer. With the appropriate filters, the bubble system has good response for displacement over the passband of conventional seismometers (from about 10 Hz to 200 s), and for tilt from about 1 Hz to DC. The accuracy of the response is confirmed by comparing the filtered bubble output to conventional seismic instruments. The agreement between the filtered bubble records and broad band and short period conventional records is extremely good in every case. The small size, broad-band response, and lack of moving parts make the bubble ideal as an instrument for remote environments. In particular, the instrument seems ideal for the ocean bottom, land and marine boreholes and planetary missions.
Hazard tree liability in the United States: Uncertain risks for owners and professionals

Abstract The liability United States (U.S.) tree owners face from hazardous trees on their private properties has and continues to undergo a transformation. The traditional common law legal test focused upon whether a tree owner had acted to create a hazardous condition on the property. The modern trend is towards a test that imposes greater responsibility and greater uncertainty on tree owners and arborists. Abandoning the natural/artificial distinction, the modern test, adopted in half the U.S. jurisdictions, imposes general principles of negligence on tree owners. This paper discusses the U.S. legal context for hazardous trees, particularly the impacts on individual tree owners. It closes by addressing various practical means to minimize the risks associated with the modern legal standards, both for susceptible tree owners, and for professionals assessing the subject property.
II-VI/III-V integration for next generation multi-junction solar cells

Various II-VI/III-V multi-junction solar cell designs based on substrates with various lattice constants are evaluated. Designs using only binaries or ternary alloys are presented. The highest achievable efficiencies for three junction cells are found to be on non-traditional lattice constants. The designs are evaluated under various spectral conditions including measured, simulated, and locational marginal price-weighted spectrum data. Different results are achieved when using a measured spectrum compared to the results of a standard AM1.5 spectrum.
The therapeutic and working alliances.

Since their introduction, the concepts of the therapeutic alliance and the working alliance have provoked debate regarding the nature and function of these alliances and the applicability and valid...
Speaking from Silence: Methods of Silencing and of Resistance

This and other articles in this issue consider some of the many ways men have muffled women's voices and writing, and some of the many ways women have struggled to tell stories, critique literacy programs, record our histories, publish our truths, create networks, and revise our languages. Some of the specific ways women have been silenced include: ridicule, enforcement of family hierarchies, male-controlled media, anti-woman educational policies, making women's bodies political battlegrounds, censorship, racism, homophobia, and terrorism. Some of the ways women have broken silence are through the analysis of silencing tactics, the re-evaluation of `trivial' discourse, creative code-switching, linguistic creativity, and the organization of women's presses.
Dynamical variational approach to non-adiabatic electronic structure

Abstract Studying non-adiabatic effects in molecular dynamics simulations and modeling their optical signatures in linear and non-linear spectroscopies calls for electronic structure calculations in a situation when the ground state is degenerate or almost degenerate. Such degeneracy causes serious problems in invoking single Slater determinant Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) methods. To resolve this problem, we develop a generalization of time-dependent (dynamical) variational approach which accounts for the degenerate or almost degenerate ground state structure. Specifically, we propose a ground state ansatz for the subspace of generalized electronic configurations spanned on the degenerate grounds state multi-electron wavefunctions. Further employing the invariant form of Hamilton dynamics we arrive with the classical equations of motion describing the time-evolution of this subspace in the vicinity of the stationary point. The developed approach can be used for accurate calculations of molecular excited states and electronic spectra in the degenerate case.
Urban-associated drivers of song variation along a rural–urban gradient

Most studies demonstrating associations between avian song and urbanization have tested noise as the primary driver, but alternative explanations remain largely unexplored. In particular, urban-associated changes in vegetation, density of conspecifics, and morphology also may promote changes in song. In this study, we 1) identified relationships between urbanization and song characteristics and 2) evaluated the extent to which altered song was explained by variation in noise level, vegetation, social context, and morphology of individual birds. We monitored the territories and recorded songs of northern cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) within forest stands in central Ohio that varied with surrounding urbanization. As landscapes surrounding forests urbanized, songs were longer, sung at faster rates, and comprised of higher-frequency notes. Noise best predicted minimum song frequency, with individuals singing at higher frequencies in environments with higher levels of background noise. However, temporal attributes of song (e.g., syllable rate, length) were best explained by conspecific densities, which are substantially greater in urban than rural landscapes. Morphology and vegetation did not predict any song attributes tested. These findings show that although anthropogenic noise may shape urban-associated changes in song, other features of the urban environment may be more important contributors to patterns in song variation.
Improvement of Entrance to Galveston Harbor

The work now in progress for the improvement of the entrance to the harbor of Galveston, Texas, consists in the application of the jetty system, in one of its well-known forms, to a drift bar. The ...
Large Ligand Folding Distortion in an Oxomolybdenum Donor–Acceptor Complex

Interligand charge transfer is examined in the novel metallo-dithiolene complex MoO(SPh)2(iPr2Dt0) (where iPr2Dt0 = N,N′-isopropyl-piperazine-2,3-dithione). The title complex displays a remarkable 70° “envelope”-type fold of the five-membered dithiolene ring, which is bent upward toward the terminal oxo ligand. A combination of electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopies have been used to probe the basic electronic structure responsible for the large fold-angle distortion. The intense charge transfer transition observed at ∼18 000 cm–1 is assigned as a thiolate → dithione ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LL′CT) transition that also possesses Mo(IV) → dithione charge transfer character. Strong orbital mixing between occupied and virtual orbitals with Mo(x2–y2) orbital character is derived from a strong pseudo Jahn–Teller effect, which drives the large fold-angle distortion to yield a double-well potential in the electronic ground state.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Veterans With PTSD--Reply.

In Reply Ms Goulao and Mr MacLennan state that when interventions are delivered in group format by the same therapists, within-group correlation due to shared therapist effects may be introduced, violating the assumption of independence underlying commonly used statistical methods.1 This suggests that findings reported in our trial comparing mindfulness-based stress reduction with present-centered group therapy for the treatment of PTSD might reflect shared therapist effects rather than shared treatment effects.
Apolipoprotein genetic variation and human disease

Atherosclerosis is the major public health problem in much of the world today. The information summarized in this review, based on the recognized apolipoprotein structural variants appreciated at both the protein and gene levels, indicates that apolipoprotein genetic variation plays a major role in determining human genetic susceptibility to this disease. With the use of cloned apolipoprotein genes, it should, in the near future, be possible to determine how their expression is regulated; this should provide insight into other classes of mutations of a regulatory nature that might have clinical significance. In addition, the many association and linkage studies currently being undertaken will provide the rationale for cloning defective alleles and determining specific causative mutations. Both structural and regulatory mutations can then be described either with restriction enzymes and Southern blotting or by direct oligonucleotide hybridization techniques in the general population. This will allow the identification of presymptomatic atherosclerosis-susceptible individuals who would be targets for primary preventative therapy.
Flex-Fuel Vehicle Strategies: A Study of the Economic and Environmental Effects

Flex-fuel (green) vehicles can be powered by either biofuels or petroleum fuels. However, the supply of feedstock for making biofuels is scarce due to limited farmland and competition with food and livestock industries. We study vehicle manufacturers’ product line strategies, i.e., under what conditions a firm will choose to produce green vehicles, by examining the impact of various factors such as the proportion of environmentally conscious consumers, vehicle performance, and fluctuating petrofuel prices. We find that green vehicles’ fuel flexibility makes their optimal price more sensitive to changes in petrofuel prices than that of conventional vehicles. The strong sensitivity of the profitability of green vehicles in turn induces firms to produce them when the expected petrofuel price is either very low or very high. Furthermore, we find that, for the same reason, together with the biofuel scarcity effect, an increase in petrofuel prices may motivate a profit-maximizing firm to adopt product strategies that are conducive to less environmentally friendly results. That is, higher petrofuel prices may result in greater use of conventional vehicles and petrofuel consumption, a situation that is more likely to occur when petrofuel prices are highly volatile.
Optimal gene regulatory network inference using the Boolean Kalman filter and multiple model adaptive estimation

We propose a method for the inference of Boolean gene regulatory networks observed through noise. The algorithm is based on the optimal MMSE state estimator for a Boolean dynamical system, known as the Boolean Kalman filter (BKF). In the presence of partial knowledge about the network, a bank of BKFs representing the candidate models is run in parallel in a framework known as Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation (MMAE). Performance is investigated using a model of the p53-MDM2 negative feedback loop network, as well as application to large numbers of random networks in order to estimate average performance.
Switching-Cycle State-Space Modeling and Control of the Modular Multilevel Converter

This paper presents a new switching-cycle state-space model of the modular multilevel converter (MMC), on the basis of which unused switching states of this converter are explored and a corresponding new control method is proposed. This paper begins with a comprehensive summary and analysis on the prior-art modeling approaches of the MMC, where various models used for the MMC are discussed, and their limits in controlling the converter are shown. This is followed by the complete derivation of the proposed state-space switching model, whose mathematical derivation leverages simply on state variable transformations and Kirchhoff's voltage law without losing any circuital characteristics of the converter. As a result, all the possible switching states-many of those not previously used-and operating modes of the converter are effectively unveiled. With it, a switching-cycle control approach is proposed taking advantage of the developed state-space switching model. The new control scheme can greatly reduce the cell capacitance and arm inductance value, as well as enable the MMC to operate at any ac terminal frequency without affecting the voltage ripple of its capacitors. Simulation results are shown to validate the converter operations using the new control scheme.
Multidimensional 1 H and 15 N NMR investigation of glutamine-binding protein of Escherichia coli

Specific and uniform15N labelings along with site-directed mutagenesis of glutamine-binding protein have been utilized to obtain assignments of the His156, Trp32 and Trp.220 residues. These assignments have been made not only to further study the importance of these 3 amino acid residues in protein-ligand and protein-protein interactions associated with the active transport ofl-glutamine across the cytoplasmic membrane ofEscherichia coli, but also to serve as the starting points in the sequence-specific backbone assignment. The assignment of H2 of His156 refines the earlier, model where this particular proton formas an intermolecular hydrogen bond to the δ-carbonyl ofl-glutamine, while assignments of both Trp32 and Trp220 show the variation in local structures which ensure the specificity in ligand binding and protein-protein interaction. Using 3D NOESY-HMQC NMR, amide connectivities can be traced along 8–9 amino acid residues at a time. This paper illustrates the usefulness of combining15N isotopic labeling and multinuclear, multidimensional NMR techniques for a structural investigation of a protein with a molecular weight of 25 000.
A handheld device for measurement of tension: An aide to surgeons for soft tissue balance during orthopedic surgeries

In a number of orthopaedic surgeries, balancing the tensile forces in the soft tissues surrounding bone is important for good restoration of overall limb function in the patient and a long lasting implant. This paper presents an analytical formulation for a handheld device which can be used to measure tension in the soft tissues surrounding bone. The handheld device can be pushed against a tense segment of any soft tissue to measure the site specific axial tension in the tissue. The device uses an array of three force (or displacement) sensors and estimates the tension in the string based upon an analytical formula that utilizes these three readings. Two different realizations of the device and their experimental results are presented which confirm the theoretical formulation. The developed handheld device can be useful in total knee replacement, ACL repair, shoulder stabilization, patella dislocation, tendon repair, total hip replacement and a number of other orthopaedic surgical procedures.© 2012 ASME
A further study of short-term retention and presentation rate

Six groups of 10 Ss each were tested in a 3 × 2 × 4 mixed analysis of variance design, in which the effects of 3 variables, namely, list length (10, 14, and 18 digits), number of cycles (single and multi-cycle), and presentation rate (4, 2, 1, and.5 sec. per digit), on the short-term retention of a string of digits were examined. The results clearly showed that all 3 variables produced systematic effects on short-term retention and it was concluded that a trade off between number of cycles and presentation rate is possible, if total display time is held constant, thus supporting the previous work of Bugelski and Murdock in this area.
Navigating the Takings Maze: The Use of Transfers of Development Rights in Defending Regulations Against Takings Challenges

Land use regulation, at whatever scale, typically generates passionate opposition from landowners whose private property has lost value, and their negative reactions often take the form of regulatory takings challenges based on the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments. In anticipatory response, many communities have instituted Transfer of Development Rights (“TDR”) programs to assist in defending their land use regulations against such takings challenges. TDRs allow regulated landowners to sell blocks of their development rights, unusable on the regulated sites under the terms of the challenged regulations, to purchasers who can use them to expand allowable development rights on designated off-site receiving parcels. The sale of TDRs can thus generate significant revenues for regulated property owners because purchasers are often willing to pay large sums for the right to use the
28 ERK, P38, AND JNK SIGNALING PATHWAYS ARE IMPORTANT IN CHEMOKINE AND CYTOKINE INDUCTION BY BACILLUS ANTHRACIS SPORES IN A HUMAN LUNG SLICE MODEL.

Bacillus anthracis , the causative agent of inhalational anthrax, enters a host through the pulmonary system before disseminating throughout the body. Our previous work has shown that human alveolar macrophages play a critical role in the initial innate immune response to B. anthracis spores through cell signal-mediated cytokine release. We propose that the lung epithelia also play an important role in the innate immune response to pathogens, and we have developed a human lung slice model to study this process. Exposure of our lung slice model to B. anthracis (Sterne) spores caused rapid activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways ERK, P38, and JNK. This was followed by an increase in mRNA of several cytokines and chemokines. This was reflected on a translational level with a peak fold increase of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α, and the MCP-1 protein of 25, 3, 9, 34, and 5, respectively, as determined by ELISA. Inhibition of individual pathways by the signaling inhibitors UO126, SP 600125, and SB 0203580 was not sufficient to block induction of chemokines and cytokines to background levels. When the three inhibitors were combined, induction of IL-6 and IL-8 was completely blocked and of MCP-1 and MIP-1α was partially blocked. Taken together, these data show activation of pulmonary epithelium in response to B. anthracis spore exposure. Thus, the lung epithelia actively participate in the innate immune response to B. anthracis infection through cell signal-mediated elaboration of cytokines and chemokines.
DEVELOPMENT OF CALCULATION PROGRAM FOR IDENTIFYING MAIN FAILURE MODES OF TRANSMISSION TOWER SYSTEM

When analyzing the reliability of a large-scale and complicated structural system,the principal task of reliability analysis on the structural system is identifying the failure modes of the structural system.Aiming at the difficulties of identifying the failure modes of a large-scale and complicated structural system,one program for the failure mode identification of a transmission tower system is presented,based on the stage critical strength branch-and-bound principle.This program takes the advantage of the efficient visual modeling and finite analysis function of ANSYS and combines with the characteristics of MATLAB including powerful scientific computing and being easy to form a programming interface.Finally,this program is successfully used in the analysis of a practical engineering case,the results prove that this program is effective and feasible for identifying complicated structural failure modes and provide a basis for the reliability analysis of a transmission tower system.
WHAT2PRINT: Learning Image Evaluation

The popularity of digital photography has changed the way images that are taken, processed, and stored. This has created a demand for systems that can evaluate the aesthetic quality of images. Applications that auto-assess image aesthetic quality and modify images to raise their aesthetic quality are widely available, but applications that automatically select aesthetic images from a given image collection are limited. The goal of this project is to create a portable application that can recommend user-given images from a given image collection, using criteria learned from user preferences. We train a Support Vector Machine on seven extracted image features. This system achieves a correct prediction rate of 70 % on a public image dataset. The use of additional or improved features should yield increased prediction rates.
Effect of stress ratio on fatigue crack growth in a titanium aluminide alloy

Recent studies on fatigue crack growth of an alpha 2 titanium aluminide,Ti-24A1-11Nb intermetallic at room temperature [1-3] indicate a strong dependence of fatigue crack growth rate on the stress ratio, R (ratio of minimum stress to maximum stress) . Figure 1 shows the variation of da/dN with stress intensity factor range, AK for different stress ratios, both in SE(T) and C(T) specimens [1] . It can be seen that the threshold SIF-range decreases considerably with increase in stress ratio . Dependence of crack growth rate on effective stress intensity range, AK Cf K118 -K , should consolidate data of this type into a single curve, where K is the stress intensity corresponding to the load at which the crack opens fully during the loading part of a cycle . It is assumed here, for simplicity, that the opening and closing loads are the same. It was suggested earlier by the authors [1] that an argument can be made for the existence of a mean stress effect on the crack growth rate in this material, based upon the closure levels required to produce equivalent driving force, AK A,, at different values of R. From the data of Fig. 1 at R=0.1 and R=0.7, crack closure and AKtf arguments would require a K, value of approximately 5 MPaVm for the R=0.1 data to consolidate with R=0 .7 data, assuming the latter had no closure. However, load-displacement measurements made near the crack tip using a precise laser interferometry system [4] have revealed relatively small closure load levels (K,/K. not exceeding 0.4 for R=0.1) for constant amplitude fatigue in this material. Thus, the substantial difference in the rate of crack growth at any given AK for R=0.5 and R=0.7 cannot be explained solely on the basis of crack closure . It is therefore considered necessary to include the effect of mean stress, in addition to crack closure, in expressing the fatigue crack growth rate as :
Targeted Multiresidue Analysis of Veterinary Drugs in Milk-Based Powders Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

An analytical method was developed and validated for the determination of 40 veterinary drugs in various milk-based powders. The method involves acetonitrile/water extraction, solid-phase filtration for lipid removal in fat-containing matrices, and analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The limits of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 0.02 to 82 ng/g. Acceptable recoveries (70–120%, RSD < 20%) were reached for 40 of 52 target compounds at three fortification levels in nonfat milk powder. Similar results were obtained for whole milk powder, milk protein concentrate, whey protein concentrate, and whey protein isolate. This new method will allow for better monitoring of a wide range of veterinary drugs in milk-based powders.
Minimum rectilinear Steiner tree of n points in the unit square

Abstract Chung and Graham conjectured (in 1981) that n points in the unit square [ 0 , 1 ] 2 can be connected by a rectilinear Steiner tree of length at most n + 1 . Here we confirm this conjecture for small values of n , and for some new infinite sequences of values of n (but not for all n ). As an interesting byproduct we obtain close rational approximations of n from below, for those n .
The viability of ultra low temperature waste heat recovery using organic Rankine cycle in dual loop data center applications

Abstract The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is a promising technology for waste heat recovery in data centers due to its low-cost production of electricity, which can be used elsewhere in the data center. In this paper, an analysis is presented which assesses the effectiveness of ORC systems in repurposing data center waste heat energy from both thermodynamic and economic points of view. The starting point for the analysis is the development of a steady-state thermodynamic model for an ORC system consisting of an evaporator, expander, condenser, pump, and superheater. The model includes both first and second law analyses and is verified against existing data. The effect of evaporator temperature and working fluid type (dry, wet, and isotropic) on the efficiency of the system is examined. The ORC thermodynamic model is then integrated into a full server cooling system model. The efficiency of this system is determined for different operating fluids and thermodynamic conditions. Finally, a first-order economic analysis is performed using the results of thermal analysis and the information for price, installation and maintenance cost, provided by an ORC manufacturer. This work is unique in that the use of ORC in extremely low temperature applications has previously been considered to be of questionable benefit due to its low efficiency. This work highlights that there are clear benefits to be gained in ultra-low temperature applications, and is one of the first examples of ORC benefits in data center designs. For data center operating conditions, R134a and R245fa are identified as the optimum selections for the server coolant and ORC working fluid, respectively, but other environmentally friendly options are considered in the case that a data center operator is forced to swap out a fluid due to changes in environmental regulations. This gives data center operators greater insight into the performance of the system in the face of possible constraints. The analysis also considers the use of superheaters to increase the temperature at which the waste heat is recovered. This is often considered to be beneficial in waste heat recovery systems. However, the results show that while increasing the temperature at which the waste heat is recovered improves ORC system performance, the addition of superheaters in either the ORC loop or the server cooling loop results in an overall performance decrease due to the additional power required for their operation. A payback period of between 4–8 years for the use of ORC in data center environments is estimated.
Coprime Interpolation and Compressive Sensing for Future Heterogeneous Network Towards 5G

Because of enormous amount of images and videos to be transmitted in 5G, it is quite desirable to do aggressive downsampling in the transmission side. As a consequence, the co-prime-interpolated compressive sensing approach, which could recover the downsampled data in the receiver side, is proposed in this paper. The co-prime structure, interpolation, and compressive sensing are combined in order to improve the resolution of reconstructed images through compressive-sensing. The numerical analysis of root mean square error and peak signal-to-noise ratio is examined, respectively. This new approach is applied on the test image and real data. The results prove that our approach provides a potential solution for future heterogeneous network toward 5G.
Longitudinal optical coherence tomography study of optic atrophy in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Results from a clinical trial cohort.

Background:Limited prospective information exists regarding spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS).Objective:Document cross-section...
A Failsafe for Sensing Chromatid Tension in Mitosis with the Histone H3 Tail in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mitotic fidelity is ensured by achieving biorientation on all paired chromosomes. The key signal for proper chromosome alignment is the tension between sister chromatids created by opposing poleward force from the spindles. In the budding yeast, the tension-sensing function requires that the Shugoshin protein, Shugoshin 1, be recruited to the centromeres and the neighboring pericentric regions. Concerted actions integrating proteins at centromeres and pericentromeres create highly specific Shugoshin 1 domains on mitotic chromosomes. We have previously reported that an important regulatory region on histone H3, termed the tension-sensing motif (TSM), is responsible for retaining Shugoshin 1 at pericentromeres. The TSM is negatively regulated by the acetyltransferase Gcn5p, but the underlying mechanism was elusive. In this work, we provide evidence that, when the TSM function is impaired, the histone H3 tail adopts a role that complements the damaged TSM to ensure faithful mitosis. This novel function of the H3 tail is controlled by Gcn5p, which targets selective lysine residues. Mutations to K14 and K23 ameliorate the mitotic defects resulting from TSM mutations. The restoration of faithful segregation is accompanied by regaining Shugoshin 1 access to the pericentric regions. Our data reveal a novel pathway for mitotic Shugoshin 1 recruitment and further reinforce the active role played by chromatins during their segregation in mitosis.
Suppressing Ion Transfer Enables Versatile Measurements of Electrochemical Surface Area for Intrinsic Activity Comparisons

Correlating the current/voltage response of an electrode to the intrinsic properties of the active material requires knowledge of the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), a parameter that is often unknown and overlooked, particularly for highly nanostructured electrodes. Here we demonstrate the power of nonaqueous electrochemical double layer capacitance (DLC) to provide reasonable estimates of the ECSA across 17 diverse materials spanning metals, conductive oxides, and chalcogenides. Whereas data recorded in aqueous electrolytes generate a wide range of areal specific capacitance values (7–63 μF/real cm2), nearly all materials examined display an areal specific capacitance of 11 ± 5 μF/real cm2 when measured in weakly coordinating KPF6/MeCN electrolytes. By minimizing ion transfer reactions that convolute accurate DLC measurements, we establish a robust methodology for quantifying ECSA, enabling more accurate structure-function correlations.
Ten-Year Outcomes and Risk Factors After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A MOON Longitudinal Prospective Cohort Study:

Background:The long-term prognosis and risk factors for quality of life and disability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remain unknown.Hypothesis/Purpose:Our objective was to i...
The genetic algorithm as a general diffusion model for social networks

Diffusion processes taking place in social networks are used to model a number of phenomena, such as the spread of human or computer viruses, and the adoption of products in 'viral marketing' campaigns. It is generally difficult to obtain accurate information about how such spreads actually occur, so a variety of stochastic diffusion models are used to simulate spreading processes in networks instead. We show that a canonical genetic algorithm with a spatially distributed population, when paired with specific forms of Holland's synthetic hyperplane-defined objective functions, can simulate a large and rich class of diffusion models for social networks. These include standard diffusion models, such as the independent cascade and competing processes models. In addition, our genetic algorithm diffusion model (GADM) can also model complex phenomena such as information diffusion. We demonstrate an application of the GADM to modeling information flow in a large, dynamic social network derived from e-mail headers.
An unusual foreign body. Report of a case.

Abstract A case in which an unusual foreign body was recovered 3 years after its implantation has been reported.
Toward a Dialectical Interpretation of Time and Change

In one of his insightful though complex treatments, Piaget (1970a,b) complained that unlike geometry for the study of space, there is no formal theory available for the study of time. By proposing the term chronometry for such a theory, Piaget seems to have assigned interval properties to it. Interval properties also characterize formal operational systems of Newtonian space and the concrete operational systems of projective space. In opposition to such an interpretation and in spite of all the measurements that we are taking, I argue here that our concept of time should realize a much simpler basis; that is, it should rely on categorical or relational systems. The need for arguing in this way at all indicates how much we have uncritically subordinated our time concept to the powerful geometry of space and how little we have succeeded in exploring the philosophical basis of time in an independent manner.1
Entrepreneurship and Ethics in the Sharing Economy: A Critical Perspective

The advent of the sharing/gig economy has created new forms of employment embedded in new labor practices. Advocates of the sharing economy frame it in salutary terms, lauding its sustainability, decentralization, and employment-generation capabilities. The workers of the gig economy are seen as independent contractors under law rather than employees, and the owners of the gig economy platforms celebrate this categorization as a form of entrepreneurship. In this paper, we use insights from the entrepreneurship literature to examine this claim critically. Taking Uber as an exemplar, we look at the arguments behind the company’s contention that its drivers are actually “partners” who are engaged in entrepreneurship, and demonstrate why these claims are problematic. We utilize a stakeholders’ theory framework that initiates a dialogue between ethics and entrepreneurship in order to focus on the mechanisms that help ensure ethical practices in the sharing economy and to examine the efficacy of these mechanisms. We also discuss the role of the entrepreneurship literature in promoting entrepreneurial behaviors that lead to income inequality. We conclude by arguing that the sharing economy reflects the intensification of an ongoing neoliberal trend that misuses the concept of entrepreneurship in order to justify certain forms of employment practices, and make a case for regulatory oversight.
Live Demonstration: A Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)-enabled Wireless Link for Bidirectional Communications with a Neural Microsystem

This live demonstration showcases a fully interactive, Bluetooth low energy (BLE)-enabled, wireless interface for bidirectional communications with a neural microsystem. A standalone user base station (UBS) employs custom software to wirelessly communicate with the prototype microsystem via BLE. Users can seamlessly interact with the UBS to program and monitor various features and functions of the neural microsystem wirelessly over meter-range distances.
TensorMap: LIDAR-BASED TOPOLOGICAL MAPPING AND LOCALIZATION VIA TENSOR DECOMPOSITIONS

We propose a technique to develop (and localize in) topological maps from light detection and ranging (Lidar) data. Localizing an au-tonomous vehicle with respect to a reference map in real-time is crucial for its safe operation. Owing to the rich information provided by Lidar sensors, these are emerging as a promising choice for this task. However, since a Lidar outputs a large amount of data every fraction of a second, it is progressively harder to process the information in real-time. Consequently, current systems have migrated towards faster alternatives at the expense of accuracy. To overcome this inherent trade-off between latency and accuracy, we propose a technique to develop topological maps from Lidar data using the orthogonal Tucker3 tensor decomposition. Our experimental evaluations demonstrate that in addition to achieving a high compression ratio as compared to full data, the proposed technique, TensorMap, also accurately detects the position of the vehicle in a graph-based representation of a map. We also analyze the robustness of the pro-posed technique to Gaussian and translational noise, thus initiating explorations into potential applications of tensor decompositions in Lidar data analysis.
Access to Finance and Technological Innovation: Evidence from Antebellum America

How does access to finance affect technological innovation? We provide causal evidence on the finance-innovation nexus and on the role of labor practices in shaping this relation. We exploit a unique setting—antebellum America—where staggered adoption of free banking laws across states encouraged bank entry, and spatial variation in the use of exploited workers in agriculture generated differences in producers' demand for labor-saving technologies. Results show that access to finance spurred innovation, but the positive effect on agricultural innovation diminished with labor exploitation. Where exploitative labor practices were pervasive, finance aggravated exploitation and appears to have impeded agricultural innovation.
Infants Choose Those Who Defer in Conflicts

For humans and other social species, social status matters: it determines who wins access to contested resources, territory, and mates [1-11]. Human infants are sensitive to dominance status cues [12, 13]. They expect conflicts to be won by larger individuals [14], those with more allies [15], and those with a history of winning [16-18]. But being sensitive to status cues is not enough; individuals must also use status information when deciding whom to approach and whom to avoid [19]. In many non-human species, low-status individuals avoid high-status individuals and in so doing avoid the threat of aggression [20-23]. In these species, high-status individuals commit random acts of aggression toward subordinates [23] and even commit infanticide [24-26]. However, for less reactively aggressive species [27, 28], high-status individuals may be good coalition partners. This is especially true for humans, where high-status individuals can provide guidance, protection, and knowledge to subordinates [2, 29, 30]. Indeed, human adults [31-33], human toddlers [34], and adult bonobos [35] prefer high-status individuals to low-status ones. Here, we present 6 experiments testing whether 10- to 16-month-old human infants choose high- or low-status individuals-specifically, winners or yielders in zero-sum conflicts-and find that infants choose puppets who yield. Intriguingly, toddlers just 6 months older choose the winners of such conflicts [34]. This suggests that, although humans start out like many other species, avoiding high-status others, we shift in toddlerhood to approaching high-status individuals, consistent with the idea that, for humans, high-status individuals can provide benefits to low-status ones.