cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research Panel Reports

An important objective of the advanced research workshop is to stimulate research panel discussions by the participating scientists. The participants were divided to four panels. Each panel had an assigned chairman or co-chairmen, and a provacator, who had all prepared in advance to lead the panel discussions. The panels met in parallel and focused on four main themes, which are significant to the workshop topic: Material Flow Data and Knowledge Communications and Intelligent Systems Planning and Control Models Implementation and Economics
Survival outcome of breast cancer (BC) patients presenting with recurrent and de novo isolated contralateral lymph node metastases (CLNM).

12120Background: In the current staging system, BC patients with isolated CLNM are considered to have distant or stage IV disease. The prognosis of these patients has not been described in contempo...
Vasoplegia after pediatric cardiac transplantation in patients supported with a continuous flow ventricular assist device.

Abstract Objective To determine the association between continuous flow ventricular assist devices and the incidence of vasoplegia following orthotopic heart transplant in children. Moreover, to propose a novel clinical definition of vasoplegia for use in pediatric populations. Methods This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study set in the cardiovascular intensive care unit of a tertiary children's hospital. All patients aged 3 years and older who underwent orthotopic heart transplant at Stanford University between April 1, 2014, and July 31, 2017, were included. Vasoplegia was defined by the use of vasoconstrictive medication, diastolic hypotension, preserved systolic heart function, and absence of infection or right atrial pressure or central venous pressure Results Of 44 eligible patients, 21 were supported using a continuous flow ventricular assist device. Following heart transplant, 14 patients (32%) developed vasoplegia by the study definition. Development of vasoplegia was associated with pretransplant use of a continuous flow ventricular assist device (52% vs 13%) with a relative risk of 4.02 (95% confidence interval, 1.30-12.45; P = .009). No other variables were predictive of vasoplegia in univariable analysis. Presence of vasoplegia was not associated with adverse outcomes, although there were trends towards higher incidence of acute kidney injury and increased length of hospital stays. Conclusions Children receiving continuous flow ventricular assist device support are at increased risk for vasoplegia following orthotopic heart transplant, using a novel definition of vasoplegia. Anticipation of this complication will allow for prompt intervention, thereby minimizing hemodynamic instability and impact on patient outcomes.
Life after opioid-involved overdose: survivor narratives and their implications for ER/ED interventions.

Background and aims Numerous states in the United States are working to stem opioid-involved overdose (OD) by engaging OD survivors before discharge from emergency departments (EDs). This analysis examines interactions between survivors and medical care providers that may influence opioid risk behaviors post-OD. Design Qualitative stakeholder analysis involving in-depth interviews with samples from three groups. Setting Two hospitals in high OD-mortality neighborhoods in New York City (NYC), USA. Participants Total N = 35: emergency medical services personnel (EMS; n = 9) and ED medical staff (EDS; n = 6) both working in high OD-mortality neighborhoods in NYC; recent opioid-involved OD survivors who had been administered naloxone and transported to a hospital ED (n = 20). Measurements EMS and EDS interviews examined content of verbal interactions with survivors and attitudes related to people who use opioids. Survivor interviews addressed healthcare experiences, OD-related behavioral impacts and barriers to risk-reduction post-OD. Findings Both EMS and EDS stakeholders described frequent efforts to influence survivors' subsequent behavior, but some acknowledged a loss of empathy, and most described burnout related to perceived ingratitude or failure to influence patients. Survivors reported being motivated to reduce opioid risk following a non-fatal OD and many described successful risk-reduction efforts post-OD. Intentions to cease opioid use or reduce risk were complicated by unmanaged, naloxone-related withdrawal, lack of social support and perceived disrespect from EMS and/or EDS. Conclusions Emergency department interventions with opioid-involved overdose (OD) survivors may benefit from training emergency medical staff to assure a continuity of non-judgmental, socially supportive remediation attempts throughout contacts with different care-givers. Brief interventions to educate emergency medical staff about current theories of addiction and evidence-based treatment may achieve this goal while reducing care-giver burnout and improving the uptake and efficacy of post-OD interventions delivered in emergency departments.
Molecular characterization and promoter analysis of the maize cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene family and its expression during anoxia.

Maize cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC) is encoded by a small multi-gene family consisting of gpc1, gpc2, gpc3 and gpc4. GAPC3/4 protein is synthesized in roots during anoxic conditions and is known to be one of the ‘anaerobic polypeptides’. We further analyzed the gpc gene family by isolating full-length cDNA clones of gpc2, gpc3, gpc4 and genomic clones of gpc2 and gpc4. The deduced amino acid sequence of GAPC4 has 99.4% identity with that of GAPC3 as compared to only 81% with either GAPC1 or GAPC2 amino acid sequence. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence identity we designated GAPC1 and GAPC2 as group I (97% identical) and GAPC3 and GAPC4 as group II (99.4% identical). As previously reported for gpc3, transcript levels were also induced for gpc4 by anaerobiosis. Neither heat shock, cold nor salt stress induced the expression of gpc3 or gpc4. In contrast, the transcript accumulation of gpc1 and gpc2 either remained constitutive or decreased in response to anoxia. The upstream regions of gpc2 and gpc4 contain typical eukaryotic promoter features with transcription start points at 76 and 68 bp upstream of their respective translation initiation sites. Transient expression analysis of gpc4 promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene constructs in bombarded maize suspension culture cells was used to examine the role of 5′-flanking sequence of gpc4. The gpc4 promoter (- 1997 to + 39 bp) was sufficient to induce GUS activity approximately three-fold in response to anaerobiosis. 5′-unidirectional deletion analysis revealed that the critical region of gpc4 required for its induced expression lies between - 290 and - 157. This region has reverse-oriented putative ‘anaerobic response elements’, G-box like sequences, and a GC motif similar to that previously defined as a regulatory element of maize adh1 and Arabidopsis adh, as well as the sequences found in other environmentally inducible genes. The relevance of these elements in conferring anaerobic induction of gpc4 gene expression is discussed.
Ocean Barrier Layers in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model

Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) project - U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [SC0016533, DE-AC52-07NA27344]; DOE through the Los Alamos National Laboratory [89233218CNA000001]; DOE Office of Science User Facility [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation
Probes for narcotic receptor-mediated phenomena. 21. Novel derivatives of 3-(1,2,3,4,5,11-hexahydro-3-methyl-2,6-methano-6H-azocino[4,5-b]indol-6-yl) phenols with improved δ opioid receptor selectivity

Derivatives of racemic and optically pure levorotatory 3-(1,2,3,4,5,11-hexahydro-3-methyl-2,6-methano-6H-azocino[4,5-b]indol-6-yl)phenols containing methoxy substituents in the C10‘, C9‘, and C8‘ p...
Moving Together Along the Spectrum: Toward an Empathic Dialogue with Autistic Children and Their Families

The role of sensory-motor impairment as a factor in autistic development is increasingly recognized but there remains a dearth of synthetic models that bridge autism’s psychobiological origins in p...
Hydrophobic Versus Hydrophilic Polyelectrolyte Multilayers for Emissive Europium Films

Films containing lanthanide ions, having exceptionally narrow emissive bandwidths, are often used for high-performance photonic materials. The lanthanide ion is commonly coordinated with organic li...
Examining Ethnic Accommodation and Coalition-Building Under Alternative Forms of Government in Afghanistan

In post-conflict states like Afghanistan facilitating ethnic accommodation through encouraging inclusive institutions and policies are the first concerns of constitutional designers. While some constitutional choices successfully address these concerns others wholly or partly fail. Afghan Constitution tells a story partly of success and partly of failure. Its success story highlights the formation of cross-ethnic electoral coalitions and the practices of relatively inclusive political distributions. Its failure underlines the less inclusive policies of the government and the inability of electoral coalitions to institutionalize. Many scholars and politicians link the failures to the presidential system and advocate for adopting a parliamentary or a semi-presidential constitution. Others highlight the advantages of the presidential system and argue against any constitutional change. This article engages the literature by examining both the current system and the alternatives. But it goes beyond the conventional discourse to examine the optimality of adapting the current presidential system as well.
Differences in Relationship Stability Between Individuals in First and Second Marriages A Propensity Score Analysis

Compared to first marriages, remarriages have consistently demonstrated higher rates of divorce. Theories used to explain this phenomenon include the family process and selection perspectives. Researchers have attempted to address selection bias in this area but have not yet employed propensity score analysis to bolster causal inference. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of covariate control methods for handling selection bias compared to propensity score methods and to examine whether a direct causal link between marriage order and relationship stability can be inferred after using propensity score greedy matching and propensity score weighting procedures. We analyze a sample of 1,679 first married and 410 remarried individuals drawn from the Relationship Evaluation Survey. Results provide support for the selection perspective and suggest that a direct causal link between marriage order and relationship stability should not be inferred. Implications, limitations, and future directions f...
A study of serum trypsin inhibitor in pregnancy.

Abstract The facts and arguments suggesting the possible role of blood coagulative or fibrinolytic enzyme systems in the toxemias of pregnancy were assembled in an earlier publication from this laboratory. 3 It was also shown in that article that the interesting speculation by Schneider that toxemia of pregnancy was the result of placental thromboplastin entering the maternal circulation could not be supported by therapeutic tests. This article describes experiments which were devised to examine the possible role of the fibrinolysin enzyme system in pregnancy.
A conserved structural chassis for mounting versatile CRISPR RNA-guided immune responses

Bacteria and archaea rely on CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) RNA-guided adaptive immune systems for targeted elimination of foreign nucleic acids. These immune systems have been divided into three main types, and the first atomic-resolution structure of a type III RNA-guided immune complex provides new insights into the mechanisms of nucleic acid degradation. Here we compare the crystal structure of a type III complex to recently determined structures of DNA-targeting type I CRISPR complexes. Structural comparisons support previous assertions that type I and type III systems share a common ancestor and reveal how a conserved structural chassis is used to support RNA-, DNA-, or both RNA- and DNA-targeting mechanisms.
A practical experimental method for converting electrophoretic mobilities in paper-stabilized media to free solution values

A practical experimental method for the conversion of ionographic mobilities of substances such as proteins and lipoproteins to free solution values has been presented. It is simple in concept, easily carried out from an experimental stand-point, theoretically sound and results in free solution values which agree very well with those determined directly. For the results to be valid, the ionographic mobility of both the migrant and the electro-osmotic indicator must remain constant throughout the course of the experiment. Four determinations are necessary for each set of experimental conditions. These include the experimental determination of the ionographic mobility and RD, a modified RF, of the migrant and of the electro-osmotic indicator. The measurements must be made under identical conditions of wetness and horizontality of the paper. The method has been used to determine the free solution mobilities for bovine plasma albumin, human serum β-lipoproteins, egg albumin and β-lactoglobulin. The values obtained were in close agreement with those determined experimentally using classical free solution electrophoresis. The isoelectric points of human serum α- and β-lipoproteins have also been determined and found to be in close agreement with previously reported values.
Unexpected hypertension in the early and late puerperium

Abstract In 1934 Stout 1 reported on 102 patients in whom unexpected hypertension was recorded at the six weeks post partum examination. All of these patients during that particular pregnancy and labor showed normal blood pressure readings. Meyer 2 in 1938 and Meyer and Nadler 3 in 1941 reported, respectively, 23 and 51 cases of the same phenomenon. This report will deal with similar material with the addition of another group of patients, in whom the blood pressure elevations began after 48 hours post partum and before the six weeks examination. The illness which this group experienced has been designated "early unexpected puerperal hypertension." Its earliest appearance is at 48 hours post partum, so that there can be no chance of its being called preeclampsia. A concise definition may be somewhat as follows: Unexpected puerperal hypertension is an elevation of blood pressure in the parturient woman in whom previous pregnancies, if any, prenatal course, labor, and the first 48 hours post partum have not been accompanied by any readings of hypertensive character (130/90 and above). Any patient with a prior diastolic blood pressure of 90 or more was excluded.
Radiotherapy for juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Abstract Purpose To explain the concepts that radiation oncologists need to understand to manage patients with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA). To accomplish this goal we first describe our institution's experience with radiotherapy for JNA and then use this data set as a framework for explaining the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of this uncommon tumor. Methods and Materials We studied the outcomes of all 24 patients treated with radiotherapy for JNA at our institution. All patients had at least 4 years of follow-up (median follow-up, 18 years). The standard dose in the first half of the series was 30 Gy in 22 treatments (1.43 Gy/treatment). After observing recurrences with this schedule, the prescription was changed to 35 to 36 Gy at 1.8 Gy/treatment. In all cases, the target volume was the primary site without an attempt to cover the regional nodes. Results All recurrences were at the primary site and presented within 5 years of completing radiotherapy. There appeared to be a dose response for tumor control: 77% with 30 to 32 Gy versus 91% with 35 to 36 Gy. All recurrences following radiotherapy were successfully salvaged with surgery. The only complications from radiotherapy were cataracts in 2 patients. No patient had a significant growth abnormality or second tumor. Conclusions Surgery is the best treatment for JNA when cure is likely with low morbidity, but the threshold for using radiotherapy should be low because moderate-dose radiotherapy cures about 90% of patients with a low risk of serious complications. We recommend 36 Gy at 1.8 Gy per treatment in most cases. Elective nodal irradiation is not necessary. Radiographic response should be almost complete within a year of radiotherapy. Patients should be followed with cross-sectional imaging every 6 months for at least 5 years.
TESTING SPHERICITY UNDER A MIXTURE MODEL

Summary The robustness of Mauchly's sphericity test criterion when sampling from a mixture of two multivariate normal distributions is studied. The distribution of the sphericity test criterion when the sample covariance matrix has a non-central Wishart density of rank one is derived in terms of Meijer's G-functions; its distribution under the mixture model is then deduced. The robustness is studied by computing actual significance levels of the test under the mixture model using the critical values under the usual normal model.
Some New Solid Electrolytes: Substituted Organic Ammonium Silver Iodides

Several new solid electrolytes were synthesized from the reaction of substituted organic ammonium hydroiodides (pyridinium and quinolinium type) and varying quantities of silver iodide. The inductive effects of nucleophilic and electrophilic substitution on the pyridinium or quinolinium ring, as well as substituent position on the ionic conductivity, were determined. Pressure and thermal studies were undertaken to determine if new nonambient conductive phases existed.
The structural organization of sperm chromatin

The structure of rabbit, fowl, and Xenopus laevis sperm chromatin was explored by study of the reaction of their decondensed nuclei with DNase 1 and micrococcal nuclease. Those of rabbit and fowl were readily digested by DNase 1, and the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profiles of DNAs extracted from the digests were similar, each being polydisperse with a single discrete band of DNA smaller than 72 base pairs. There were differences, however, between the sperm chromatins in the course of their digestion by micrococcal nuclease. A limit digest at about 45% acid solubility was obtained with Xenopus sperm chromatin, while 90% of fowl sperm DNA was rendered acidsoluble by the enzyme. The gel profiles of the limit digests were polydisperse, but only those of rabbit and fowl sperm chromatins possessed a discrete band of DNA smaller than 72 base pairs. Bleomycin did not react with DNA of rabbit, fowl, or Xenopus spermatozoa. Since bleomycin reacts with somatic cell chromatin, and the course of DNase 1 or micrococcal nuclease digestion of sperm chromatin was different from that found for somatic cell chromatin, it would appear that sperm chromatin does not have the repeating nucleosometype structure of somatic cell chromatin. The nuclease digestion studies further suggest that the organization of rabbit and fowl sperm chromatins is similar, and is different from that of Xenopus sperm chromatin. The dependence of the structure of sperm chromatin on the composition of its basic proteins, and a possible structure for a protamine-type sperm chromatin, are discussed.
Temperature Uniformity in Water Films and Wet Paper Through Spectrally Selective Infrared Heating

Abstract Experimentally-derived radiant emissions from a near-greybody source, as well as a source with a narrow-band emission centered at 1.5 µm (both gas radiant burners), were used to calculate temperature distributions along the depth of water and wet paper (fiber–water suspensions) films. A grey emitter resulted in a wide temperature gradient through the film depth due to significant overlap of regions of high spectral emission with regions of high spectral absorption. The narrow-band emitting source succeeded in the goal of reducing the temperature gradient though the water film, though a significant percentage of radiant energy transmitted through the entirety of the film. Using numerical optimization, narrow-band spectral emission sources were calculated from Gaussian functions (3.8 µm for water and 1 µm for paper with 80% water) which improved temperature uniformity without high transmission radiation losses.
Malignant mixed tumor ex eccrine spiradenoma: An unusual pattern of malignant dedifferentiation

Eccrine spiradenoma (ES) is a benign tumor of the skin adnexal origin. It is often seen in the head and neck region of young adults and may be present for years. While there have been numerous case reports of malignant degeneration within ES, they have been mostly carcinomatous dedifferentiation and rarely carcinosarcomas. A malignant mixed tumor is a neoplasm with a malignant epithelial component and areas of chondroid and myxoid differentiation within the malignant epithelial proliferation. While the epithelial component is malignant, the mesenchymal component is felt to represent a benign, metaplastic response of the stroma. While the malignant mixed tumor has a benign counterpart, the benign mixed tumor, the former is usually not seen in continuity with the latter. We describe a case of ES with malignant degeneration and demonstrate the transformation from benign to malignant. The histology and immunohistochemistry of the neoplasm supports a malignant mixed tumor, an extremely unusual neoplasm to see in association with ES or any benign adnexal neoplasm.
Renal acid excretion and intracellular pH in salt-sensitive genetic hypertension.

Abstract Acid-base status and renal acid excretion were studied in the Dahl/Rapp salt-sensitive (S) rat and its genetically salt-resistant counterpart (R). S rats developed hypertension while on a very high salt diet (8%) and while on a more physiological salt diet (1%) and remained normotensive while on a very low salt diet (0.08%). Under the high salt diet, intracellular pH measured in freshly isolated thymic lymphocytes using 2',7'-bis (carboxyethyl)-5 (6)-carboxyfluorescein acetomethyl ester, a pH-sensitive dye, was lower in S than in R rats both when measured in the presence of HCO3/CO2 (7.32 +/- 0.02 vs. 7.38 +/- 0.02, respectively, P < 0.05) and in its absence (7.18 +/- 0.04 vs. 7.27 +/- 0.02, respectively, P < 0.05). Under the high salt diet, net acid excretion was higher in S than R rats (1,777 +/- 111 vs. 1,017 +/- 73 muEq/24 h per 100 g body wt, respectively, P < 0.001), and this difference was due to higher rates of both titratable acid and ammonium excretion. Directionally similar differences in intracellular pH and net acid excretion between S and R rats were also observed in salt-restricted animals. In S and R rats placed on a normal salt intake (1%) and strictly pair-fed to control food intake as a determinant of dietary acid, net acid excretion was also higher in S than in R rats (562 +/- 27 vs. 329 +/- 21 muEq/24 h per 100 g, respectively, P < 0.01). No significant difference in either blood pH or bicarbonate levels were found between S and R rats on either the 0.08%, 1%, or 8% salt diets. We conclude that renal acid excretion is augmented in the salt-sensitive Dahl/Rapp rat. Enhanced renal acid excretion may be a marker of increased acid production by cells from subjects with salt-sensitive hypertension.
Rates of Alcohol/Other Drug Treatment Denials to Persons With Physical Disabilities: Accessibility Concerns

A growing body of research has developed indicating that substance abuse treatment facilities have numerous physical and programmatic barriers that could inhibit the ability of persons with disabilities (PWDs) to access care. Research has found that physical barriers do, in fact, result in service denials for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). The current research was undertaken to validate these findings with regard to persons with SCI and TBI, as well as to examine the impact of such barriers on the ability of individuals with other physical disabilities, including multiple sclerosis (MS), muscular dystrophy (MD), and other significant mobility impairments. Findings indicate that PWDs from each of these groups are denied services due to the presence of physical barriers at notable rates. Denial rates ranged from 65% for those with other significant mobility impairments to 87% for individuals with MS. Such extreme rates of services declines indicate a need for imm...
Forced activity and conflict behavior

Twenty-seven male albino rats were trained to run a short runway and lick a 16% sucrose solution. Next, an approach-avoidance spatial conflict was established in the animals by giving five avoidance trials in which licking the goal cup resulted in electric shock. Immediately following each of the avoidance trials, Ss experienced either heavy, light, or no forced running activity in another apparatus. The effect of this interpolated activity was assessed by measuring approach behavior on each of the avoidance trials and on a recovery trial following a 12-h rest. Running activity first increased then decreased avoidance behavior, and the amount of facilitation or interference was proportional to the amount of activity.
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of methaqualone metabolites

Carbon-13 chemical shifts are reported for methaqualone, seven hydroxylated methaqualone metabolites, and four acetate derivatives. The signals are assigned on the basis of chemical shift theory, SFORD multiplicities, signal intensities, and comparisons with model compounds.
Identification, localization, and functional implications of an abundant nematode annexin

Cultures of the nematode C. elegans were examined for the presence of calcium-dependent, phospholipid-binding proteins of the annexin class. A single protein of apparent mass on SDS-polyacrylamide gels of 32 kD was isolated from soluble extracts of nematode cultures on the basis of its ability to bind to phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. After verification of the protein as an annexin by peptide sequencing, an antiserum to the protein was prepared and used to isolate a corresponding cDNA from an expression library in phage lambda gt11. The encoded protein, herein referred to as the nex-1 annexin, has a mass of 35 kD and is 36-42% identical in sequence to 10 known mammalian annexins. Several unique modifications were found in the portions of the sequence corresponding to calcium-binding sites. Possible phosphorylation sites in the NH2-terminal domain of the nematode annexin correspond to those of mammalian annexins. The gene for this annexin (nex-1) was physically mapped to chromosome III in the vicinity of the dpy-17 genetic marker. Two other annexin genes (nex-2 and nex-3) were also identified in chromosome III sequences reported by the nematode genomic sequencing project (Sulston, J., Z. Du, K. Thomas, R. Wilson, L. Hillier, R. Staden, N. Halloran, P. Green, J. Thierry-Mieg, L. Qiu, et al. 1992. Nature (Lond.). 356:37-41). The nex-1 annexin was localized in the nematode by immunofluorescence and by electron microscopy using immunogold labeling. The protein is associated with membrane systems of the secretory gland cells of the pharynx, with sites of cuticle formation in the grinder in the pharynx, with yolk granules in oocytes, with the uterine wall and vulva, and with membrane systems in the spermathecal valve. The presence of the annexin in association with the membranes of the spermathecal valve suggests a novel function of the protein in the folding and unfolding of these membranes as eggs pass through the valve. The localizations also indicate roles for the annexin corresponding to those proposed in mammalian systems in membrane trafficking, collagen deposition, and extracellular matrix formation.
Growth rate dependence of the interface distribution coefficient in the system Ge-Ga

Abstract Segregation analyses in the system Ge-Ga establish a growth rate dependence of the interface distribution coefficient for rates smaller than 1.5 μm/s.
William E. Dietrich Receives 2009 Robert E. Horton Medal

William E. Dietrich was awarded the 2009 Robert E. Horton Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 16 December 2009 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is for “outstanding contributions to hydrology.”
Characterization of Impact of Transient Faults and Detection of Data Corruption Errors in Large-Scale N-Body Programs Using Graphics Processing Units

In N-body programs, trajectories of simulated particles have chaotic patterns if errors are in the initial conditions or occur during some computation steps. It was believed that the global properties (e.g., total energy) of simulated particles are unlikely to be affected by a small number of such errors. In this paper, we present a quantitative analysis of the impact of transient faults in GPU devices on a global property of simulated particles. We experimentally show that a single-bit error in non-control data can change the final total energy of a large-scale N-body program with ~2.1% probability. We also find that the corrupted total energy values have certain biases (e.g., the values are not a normal distribution), which can be used to reduce the expected number of re-executions. In this paper, we also present a data error detection technique for N-body programs by utilizing two types of properties that hold in simulated physical models. The presented technique and an existing redundancy-based technique together cover many data errors (e.g., >97.5%) with a small performance overhead (e.g., 2.3%).
Shotgun pellet embolization to the intracranial internal carotid artery: Report of a case and review of the literature

We report a patient with the angiographic diagnosis of embolization of a shotgun pellet from its presumed left internal carotid artery entry site to the ipsilateral intracranial internal carotid artery. Subsequently, a left middle cerebral artery territory infarct developed. Review of the literature reveals 30 previous reports of intracranial embolization of metallic missile fragments. Observations of patient demographics, foreign body type, embolization patterns, neurologic deficits and presentations, and patient evaluation and therapy are discussed.
Stimulated emission and absorption in classical systems

Electromagnetic radiation from a classical charge distribution interacts with an incident plane wave, and the interaction terms in the resulting Poynting vector are shown to give a net contribution to the total energy flux exactly in the forward-scattering direction. A simple relativistically valid expression for the interaction energy in the case of a single particle is derived, and we show that energy is conserved in Thomson scattering if radiation-reaction forces are included. A perturbation theory is developed for a particle having its own given unperturbed motion, and the perturbed interaction energy is shown to be proportional to the intensity of the incident wave. We apply this theory to a ''free-electron laser'' consisting of a relativistic electron in a linear accelerator, and show that stimulated emission or absorption could both occur. The result contradicts that obtained using the Einstein-coefficient method.
Expression of calcium-dependent cell adhesion during ocular development: A biochemical, histochemical and functional analysis

Abstract Previous studies of the adhesive properties of embryonic chick neural retina cells indicate a gradual decrease in the expression of calcium-dependent adhesions during retinal histogenesis, a function which has been attributed in part to gp130/4.8, a retinal calcium-dependent adhesion-associated cell surface membrane glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 130 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.8 ( G. B. Grunwald, R. Pratt, and J. Lilien, 1982, J. Cell Sci. 55, 69–83 ). The experiments described here were done to define the relationship of gp130/4.8 to N-cadherin, another calcium-dependent adhesion molecule found in chick retina, which has a reported molecular weight of 127 kDa and which is recognized by monoclonal antibody NCD-2 ( K. Hatta and M. Takeichi, 1986, Nature (London) 320, 447–449 ). Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by Western blotting as well as quantitative solid-phase immunoassays, polyspecific antisera recognizing gp130/4.8 were compared with monoclonal antibody NCD-2 for reactivity with proteins of retina and other tissues. The data lead us to conclude that retinal calcium-dependent adhesion proteins gp130/4.8 and N-cadherin are likely to be the same molecule. In order to obtain evidence for a direct correlation of changes in expression of these adhesion proteins with changes in retinal cell adhesivity and related morphogenetic events, parallel studies were carried out with cells from various ocular tissues to examine the functional, biochemical, and immunohistochemical expression of N-cadherin during ocular development. Immunohistochemical mapping of N-cadherin in the developing chick eye reveals three modes of N-cadherin expression which occur simultaneously in different ocular tissues: (1) down-regulation, (2) up-regulation, and (3) steady-state expression. These patterns of expression correlate with changes in the adhesive behavior of cells as well as with discrete stages in the morphogenesis of several ocular tissues. The results suggest that N-cadherin is a versatile cell adhesion protein with a role in both the development of several ocular tissues and the maintenance of specialized structures in the mature eye.
The politics of method: from leftist ethnography to educative research

In the last two decades, ethnography has become the dominant methodology of the American educational left. While debates have raged over the use of this method, for the most part they have focused on concepts of reliability and validity. Unfortunately, this emphasis has obscured the relation between method and what the researcher is trying to achieve through the method ‐ its political moment. We strive to put the political moment back in the methodological debate by considering the potential of ethnography to foster emancipatory change ‐ the express purpose of the left. Our analysis suggests that the separation of understanding and application, as well as that of the researcher from those researched, constrains the potential of ethnography to inform and foster emancipatory change.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in solid organ transplant recipients.

Background The increased incidence of cancer after solid organ transplantation is well established in the literature, yet outcome studies in this population are rare. Excluding skin cancers, squamous cell carcinomas make up most head and neck cancers in transplant recipients. Methods At our institution, of 5300 solid organ transplant recipients, 34 have had head and neck cancer develop. We reviewed the records of the 23 recipients whose cancer was treated here. Results Only 6 of the 23 recipients were alive at the time of our chart review. Of these, three had already survived 5 years. The 10 recipients diagnosed early (stage I or II) had significantly longer survival after cancer diagnosis than the 13 diagnosed at an advanced stage (stage III or IV) (96.0 mo vs 9.0 mo, p Conclusions Solid organ transplant recipients who are diagnosed with advanced head and neck cancer while receiving high doses of immunosuppressive drugs fare extremely poorly. High doses of immunosuppressive drugs, most notably prednisone, correlate significantly with advanced diagnosis of head and neck cancer and earlier death.
Contrasting Effects of Marine and Terrestrially Derived Dissolved Organic Matter on Mercury Speciation and Bioavailability in Seawater

Methylmercury (MeHg) is the only species of mercury (Hg) to biomagnify in aquatic food-webs to levels that are a widespread concern for human and ecological health. Here we investigate the association between dissolved organic matter (DOM) in seawater and Hg speciation and uptake using experimental data and field measurements from Long Island Sound (LIS) and the Northwestern Atlantic continental margin. We measured differences in DOM composition across sampling stations using excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy and further separated DOM into terrestrial and marine components using Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC). Highest MeHg concentrations were found in the estuarine stations (LIS) with highest DOM concentrations due to enhanced external inputs from the watershed and rivers. For stations on the shelf and slope, MeHg in plankton increased linearly with a decreasing fraction of fluorescence attributable to DOM components with a terrestrial rather than marine origin. These results are corroborated by experimental data showing higher MeHg uptake by cells in the presence of predominantly marine DOM compared to terrestrial DOM. Highest fractions of dissolved gaseous mercury were also found at stations with the highest marine DOM content, suggesting a greater reducible fraction of divalent inorganic Hg. These data suggest DOM composition is a critical driver of Hg reactivity and bioavailability in offshore marine waters.
Normal incidence infrared photodetectors using intersubband transitions in GaSb L‐valley quantum wells

We report on the demonstration of normal incidence (IR) detectors based on interconduction subband transitions in narrow GaSb/Ga0.6Al0.4Sb0.9As0.1 multiquantum wells in which L valley is the ground state. Strong IR absorption at 7.8 μm with an absorption coefficient of 9100 cm−1 and good photodetector response covering a wide spectrum region have been achieved. The orientation dependence of the absorption is also presented. Our results indicate the potential of this novel structure for use as normal incidence IR photodetectors.
Spectral Representations of Nonmodal Phonation

Regions of nonmodal phonation, which exhibit deviations from uniform glottal-pulse periods and amplitudes, occur often in speech and convey information about linguistic content, speaker identity, and vocal health. Some aspects of these deviations are random, including small perturbations, known as jitter and shimmer, as well as more significant aperiodicities. Other aspects are deterministic, including repeating patterns of fluctuations such as diplophonia and triplophonia. These deviations are often the source of misinterpretation of the spectrum. In this paper, we introduce a general signal-processing framework for interpreting the effects of both stochastic and deterministic aspects of nonmodality on the short-time spectrum. As an example, we show that the spectrum is sensitive to even small perturbations in the timing and amplitudes of glottal pulses. In addition, we illustrate important characteristics that can arise in the spectrum, including apparent shifting of the harmonics and the appearance of multiple pitches. For stochastic perturbations, we arrive at a formulation of the power-spectral density as the sum of a low-pass line spectrum and a high-pass noise floor. Our findings are relevant to a number of speech-processing areas including linear-prediction analysis, sinusoidal analysis-synthesis, spectrally derived features, and the analysis of disordered voices.
Gas permeability of melt-processed poly(ether block amide) copolymers and the effects of orientation

Abstract Poly(ether block amide) (PEBA) thermoplastic elastomers are used in many different applications, with recent development being on those which show promise as high gas flux membranes. PEBA copolymers with high polyether soft block content are possible candidates for gas separation applications due to their high permeability relative to current commercially used polymers and good selectivity for acid gases such as CO2. To be effective and efficient, the high flux must be maintained over the course of production and use. A series of PEBA copolymers containing poly(tetramethylene oxide) and polyamide-12 was studied to explore the influence of mechanical orientation and copolymer composition on gas permeability and morphology. Upon uniaxial orientation, several compositions of PEBA copolymers exhibited a significant decrease in permeability, both in the oriented and elastically recovered states. Copolymer composition strongly influenced the degree of change seen in the permeability upon orientation. WAXS and DSC were used to identify strain-induced crystallization that occurred during orientation. Rubbery materials can crystallize under high strains, and PEBA is no exception. Strain-induced crystallization of the polyether blocks produced a tortuous path for gas diffusion, resulting in as much as a 3.5× decrease in permeability for oriented PEBA films. To maintain high flux for membrane applications, elastic recovery and thermal treatment proved beneficial in reversing the effects of uniaxial orientation on PEBA copolymers.
Flashless closed-die upset forging-load estimation for optimal cold header selection

Abstract In cold forming operations, the two primary considerations in determining process feasibility are load and energy required to form the part. These two factors determine the press size and therefore the maximum production rate. Close estimations of these values during the process planning stage allow for accurate machine sizing and lead to higher efficiency. However, methods for estimating forming loads and energies of flashless closed-die upsets are not well researched. The objective of this study was to develop guidelines for this purpose. Experiments were conducted to measure the load during many flashless closed-die upsets. These results were compared to predictions made using a mathematical model (modified slab method) and an FEM analysis (DEFORM 2D) to gauge the ability to accurately predict forging loads. Additionally, FEM was used to study the sensitivity of the forging load to friction conditions, part size, and average material strain. The results indicate that the modified slab method predictions are quite accurate in some cases but overestimate the load by as much as 35% in others. The DEFORM 2D load predictions are more consistent but generally underestimate the load by 5–20%.
Modeling and simulation of packaging substrate effects on radio frequency integrated circuits

In this paper an analysis of the effects of integrated circuit packaging substrates on a radio frequency (RF) IC is presented. At RF frequencies the effects of packaging parasitics become crucial when assembling an RF system in package (SiP) or integrating a single die with a package. A differential buffer, which had been previously fabricated in a 90nm CMOS process is used as a vehicle to analyze the effects of packaging on performance. The integration of the buffer die with the package is modeled and analyzed.
Numerical stabilization of Keplerian motion

The time transformation dt/ds=r α is studied in detail and numerically stablized differential equations are obtained for α=1,2, and 3/2. The case α=1 corresponds to Baumgarte's results.
Influence of phosphorus-sulfur bonding in the formation of octahedrally coordinated cyclic pentaoxyphosphoranes

Abstract Formation of new pentaoxyphosphorane X[R1R2C6H2O]2P(OPh)3 (X = S, R1 = R2 = t-Bu for 1; X = S, R1 = t-Bu, R2 = Me for 2; X = S, R1 = R2 = Me for 3; X = CH2, R1 = R2 = t-Bu for 4) containing sulfur-bridged eight-membered rings was achieved by oxidative addition reactions of triphenyl phosphite with diols in the presence of N-chlorodiisopropylamine in yields ranging from 70 to 80%. 1 contains 0.5 mol of Et2O of crystallization. X-ray analysis of 1–3 revealed molecular structures having varying degrees of P–S bond formation, which results in distorted octahedral configurations. The P–S distances, 2.880(1) (3), 2.744(2) (2), and 2.640(2) A (1), when included in a series with those of related cyclic oxyphosphoranes studied earlier, showed a uniform decrease which parallels a structural coordinate measuring the formation of an octahedron from a square pyramid, i.e., a trajectory proceeding from five- to six-coordinated phosphorus. The decrease in P–S distance along the series is attributable to an incr...
Segmental vs. prosodic correspondence in Chamorro

In all human languages, we find words that are similar in some respect or another – usually because they are morphologically related. If speakers wish to determine the degree of similarity between two morphologically related forms, they must decide which elements to compare. Perhaps the most intuitive approach would be to compare the segments, and determine the degree of featural similarity they display. This approach might be thought of as ‘segmental comparison’. A schematic representation for two forms undergoing segmental comparison is given below.formula hereAn equally plausible although less intuitive alternative is also available – prosodic elements could be compared. For example, the most prominent syllable node of each form might be compared, or the main-stressed nucleus of each form might be compared. This approach might be called ‘prosodic comparison’. Importantly, prosodic comparison might result in the comparison of elements that are associated with very different segmental melodies – for example, imagine a pair of words in which a given prosodic role (for example, head of prosodic word) has a different location in each form. Such a situation might occur in a language where stress shifts under affixation; in such a case, the linear order of segments would remain the same in both words, but the location of the prosodic heads would differ. A schematic representation of this sort of situation is given below.formula hereIn this paper, I will consider just such a language – the Saipanese dialect of Chamorro – and demonstrate that the phonology of this language requires both segmental and prosodic comparison. This characteristic of the sound pattern of Chamorro holds great significance for theories which attempt to formalise phonological similarity effects, such as Steriade's (1996) theory of Paradigm Uniformity, Kenstowicz's (1995) theory of Uniform Exponence and McCarthy & Prince's theory of Correspondence (McCarthy & Prince 1993, 1994, 1995, McCarthy 1995). For simplicity of exposition, from this point on my analysis will be cast in terms of the theoretical framework of correspondence (discussed below). It should be remembered, however, that the main result of this analysis – the existence of prosodic phonological comparison – is relevant to any theory which seeks to give a comprehensive treatment of phonological similarity effects.
Superconductivity in monolayer Pb on Si(111) from first principles

Abstract Observation of superconductivity in a single layer of Pb on the (111) surface of bulk silicon has renewed interest in a longstanding question; can superconductivity persist to the ultimate atomic limit? Using first-principles techniques, we investigate the total electron–phonon coupling in monolayer Pb supported by a Si(111) substrate. Our ultra-fine sampling of the electronic structure, lattice dynamics and electron–phonon matrix elements in the nearly two-dimensional Brillouin zone yields a total electron–phonon coupling parameter which explains the experimentally observed superconducting transition temperature of 1.83 K [T. Zhang, et al., Nat. Phys. 6 (2010) 104]. The observed suppression of the superconducting transition temperature from the bulk value of 7.2 K is found to arise from the interplay of reduced electron–phonon matrix elements and a modification of the lattice dynamics resulting from the Pb–Si bonding.