cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bcl-2 expression restores the leukemogenic potential of a BCR/ABL mutant defective in transformation

Growth factor-dependent hematopoietic cell lines expressing the BCR/ABL oncoprotein of the Ph chromosome show growth factor-independent proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Apoptosis resistance of BCR/ABL-expressing cells may depend on enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic proteins as well as reduced expression and/or inactivation of pro-apoptotic proteins. Compared to myeloid precursor 32Dcl3 cells expressing wild type BCR/ABL, cells expressing a BCR/ABL mutant lacking amino acids 176-426 in the BCR domain (p185 delta BCR) are susceptible to apoptosis induced by interleukin-3 (IL-3) deprivation. These cells exhibited the hypophosphorylated apoptotic BAD and markedly reduced levels of Bcl-2. Upon ectopic expression of Bcl-2, these cells showed no changes in BAD phosphorylation, but they became apoptosis-resistant and proliferated in the absence of IL-3, albeit more slowly than cells expressing wild type BCR/ABL. Moreover, the p185 delta BCR/Bcl-2 double transfectants were leukemogenic when injected into immunodeficient mice, but Bcl-2 expression did not restore the leukemia-inducing effects of p185 delta BCR to the levels of wild type BCR/ABL. Leukemic cells recovered from the spleen of mice injected with p185 delta BCR/Bcl-2 cells did not show rearrangements in the Bcl-2 genomic locus, but they exhibited enhanced proliferation in culture and induced a rapidly fatal disease process when inoculated in secondary recipient mice. Together, these data support the importance of anti-apoptotic pathways for BCR/ABL-dependent leukemogenesis and suggest that Bcl-2 expression promotes secondary changes leading to a more aggressive tumor phenotype. (Blood. 2000;96:3915-3921)
Non-Destructive Evaluation in Manufacturing using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry

The manufacture of optical coatings, computer disks, as well as advanced electronic multilayered devices and circuit structures requires high precision in the measurement and control of thicknesses and interfacial and surface roughnesses. Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) is non-destructive and monolayer sensitive. VASE uses polarized light, and the technique can be applied in nearly any ambient, including air, vacuum, or corrosive environment. Applications to coated window glass, space protective coatings, semiconductor device, as well as sputtered media computer disk manufacturing are discussed. At the present time these NDE measurements are mainly ex situ, but in situ (during deposition) applications are being rapidly developed.
Overview of 1.2kV – 2.2kV SiC MOSFETs targeted for industrial power conversion applications

This paper presents the latest 1.2kV–2.2kV SiC MOSFETs designed to maximize SiC device benefits for high-power, medium voltage power conversion applications. 1.2kV, 1.7kV and 2.2kV devices with die size of 4.5mm × 4.5mm were fabricated, exhibiting room temperature on-resistances of 34mOhm, 39mOhm and 41mOhm, respectively. The ability to safely withstand single-pulse avalanche energies of over 17J/cm2 is demonstrated. Next, the 1.7kV SiC MOSFETs were used to fabricate half-bridge power modules. The module typical onresistance was 7mOhm at Tj=25°C and 11mOhm at 150°C. The module exhibits 9mJ turn-on and 14mJ turn-off losses at Vds=900V, Id=400A. Validation of GE's SiC MOSFET performance advantages was done through continuous buck-boost operation with three 1.7kV modules per phase leg exhibiting 99.4% efficiency. Device ruggedness and tolerance to terrestrial cosmic radiation was evaluated. Experimental results show that higher voltage devices (2.2kV and 3.3kV) are more susceptible to cosmic radiation, requiring up to 45% derating in order to achieve module failure rate of 100 FIT, while 1.2kV MOSFETs require only 25% derating to deliver similar FIT rate. Finally, the feasibility of medium voltage power conversion based on series connected 1.2kV SiC MOSFETs with body diode is demonstrated.
Protoplast Formation in Escherichia coli

A procedure for protoplast formation in Escherichia coli is described. Removal of the cell wall was confirmed by examination of cells in thin-section preparations.
The Physical Setting of Indochina and Core Areas of Vietnam

Indochina occupies a crossroads location where the two great Asian cultural traditions-Chinese and Indian-have clashed head-on, giving rise to a new Indo-Chinese culture. Indochina as a political unit, however, was the creation of French colonial administrators in the 19th century1. The cultural, historical, and political separatism within this unit has remained so strong that the imposed French unification, which lasted for almost a century, fell apart into separate and independent political units. This separation occurred in 1954 as a result of the Geneva Agreements. At that time the four countries of Cambodia, Laos, North Vietnam, and South Vietnam were created out of former French Indochina. In 1976, North and South Vietnam were united into one country.
Refining an "opt in" approach.

I am in strong agreement with the “opting in” concept proposed for kidneys in Steinberg (2004). My forthcoming law review commentary (Nadel and Nadel 2005) advocates a detailed “opt in” approach fo...
Is there a sea change ahead for obstetrics and gynecology

A number of beneficial sociocultural reforms have occurred throughout our society, including a new work/family balance. This change, and a number of others, are challenging the dynamic balance within our specialty. We must advocate for appropriate social, political, and economic interventions that will realistically mesh with the health care needs of our nation, while preserving that which is best about the culture of American medicine.
Physician use of persuasion and colorectal cancer screening.

The impact of patient–physician communication on subsequent patient behavior has rarely been evaluated in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening discussions. We describe physicians’ use of persuasive techniques when recommending CRC screening and evaluate its association with patients’ subsequent adherence to screening. Audio recordings of N = 414 periodic health examinations were joined with screening use data from electronic medical records and pre-/post-visit patient surveys. The association between persuasion and screening was assessed using generalized estimating equations. According to observer ratings, primary care physicians frequently use persuasive techniques (63 %) when recommending CRC screening, most commonly argument or refutation. However, physician persuasion was not associated with subsequent screening adherence. Physician use of persuasion may be a common vehicle for information provision during CRC screening discussions; however, our results do not support the sole reliance on persuasive techniques if the goal is to improve adherence to recommended screening.
THE PERSISTENCE OF SEX SEGREGATED EDUCATION IN THE SOUTH

This study focuses on the convergence of three strains of southern beliefs: views toward women, views toward education, and views toward the military. These beliefs coalesced in the legal battle over the admission of women to the all-male Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Following the example of those who challenged single sex admissions policies in southern public colleges over the last two decades, women contested the exclusionary admissions policy at VMI. Although the earlier challenges had not always succeeded, by 1990 it seemed likely that law and custom had changed sufufficiently that the federal courts would rule against VMI. After exploring the “southern” view of women, followed by a brief history of women's educational opportunities and the reluctance of the federal courts to depart from the separate but equal doctrine in public higher education, this study will examine the federal court rulings that sanctioned the continuation of sex-segregated education at VMI.
The relationship of the audible pop to hypoalgesia associated with high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust manipulation: a secondary analysis of an experimental study in pain-free participants.

Abstract Objective High-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) manipulation is an effective treatment of low back pain (LBP); however, the corresponding mechanisms are undetermined. Hypoalgesia is associated with HVLA manipulation and suggests specific mechanisms of action. An audible pop (AP) is also associated with HVLA manipulation; however, the influence of the AP on the hypoalgesia associated with HVLA manipulation is not established. The purpose of the current study was to observe the influence of the AP on hypoalgesia associated with HVLA manipulation. Methods The current study represents a secondary analysis of 40 participants. All participants underwent thermal pain sensitivity testing to their leg and low back using protocols specific to Aδ fiber-mediated pain and temporal summation. Next, participants received HVLA manipulation to their low back, and the examiner recorded whether an AP was perceived. Finally, participants underwent immediate follow-up thermal pain sensitivity testing using the same protocols. Separate repeated-measure analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to observe changes in pain sensitivity before and immediately after HVLA manipulation. Results Hypoalgesia of Aδ fiber-mediated pain was observed in the low back after HVLA (P .05). Hypoalgesia of temporal summation was observed in the lower extremity after HVLA (P Conclusion The current study suggests hypoalgesia is associated with HVLA manipulation and occurs independently of a perceived AP. Inhibition of lower extremity temporal summation may be larger in individuals in whom an AP is perceived, but further study is necessary to confirm this finding.
Differential expression of the lysosome-associated membrane proteins in normal human tissues.

The lysosome-associated membrane proteins LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 have closely related structures, with 37% sequence homology, and are major constituents of the lysosomal membrane. Their roles are unknown, but they are thought to be structural or functional components of the lysosomal membrane. Recent reports suggest that despite their similar structure and common localization, LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 may have different functions. In our further study of these two molecules, the presence of LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 in a variety of human tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry, and their localization was compared to that of cathepsin D, a lysosomal hydrolase. the tissue content of LAMP-1 and LAMP-2 and their respective mRNAs were also analyzed by Northern and Western blotting. The LAMP molecules were detected by immunohistochemistry primarily in metabolically active cells, with a cytoplasmic distribution similar to that of cathepsin D and consistent with their predominant localization in lysosomes. However, there were marked differences in the intensity of staining and, in some cases, the localization of the three proteins. For example, there was much stronger staining for LAMP-2 than LAMP-1 in brain tissue and prostate ductal cells. These differences in localization were consistent with the results obtained in Western blotting of protein extracted from the tissues. The pattern of mRNA expression was similar in all of the examined tissues, with a single mRNA identified for LAMP-1 and two splice variant forms seen for LAMP-2. Our studies of these molecules in human tissues support the conclusion that the expression of the molecules is independently controlled in some tissues, suggesting that the molecules may have independent as well as similar functions.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome following bone marrow transplantation: a case report and review of the literature.

Unlike primary idiopathic childhood hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), certain cases of HUS are clearly second ary. This article describes a child who represents the 11th reported case of secondary HUS following bone marrow transplantation, and notably, the fourth such case without exposure to cyclosporine A. The renal biopsy was diagnostic in this case. Therefore, the pathognomonic features of the biopsy, as well as its prognostic implications are described and clarified. This patient was treated with plasma exchange, and is the second reported surviving case of secondary HUS following bone marrow transplantation.
Blind evaluation of location based queries using space transformation to preserve location privacy

In this paper we propose a fundamental approach to perform the class of Range and Nearest Neighbor (NN) queries, the core class of spatial queries used in location-based services, without revealing any location information about the query in order to preserve users' private location information. The idea behind our approach is to utilize the power of one-way transformations to map the space of all objects and queries to another space and resolve spatial queries blindly in the transformed space. Traditional encryption based techniques, solutions based on the theory of private information retrieval, or the recently proposed anonymity and cloaking based approaches cannot provide stringent privacy guarantees without incurring costly computation and/or communication overhead. In contrast, we propose efficient algorithms to evaluate KNN and range queries privately in the Hilbert transformed space. We also propose a dual curve query resolution technique which further reduces the costs of performing range and KNN queries using a single Hilbert curve. We experimentally evaluate the performance of our proposed range and KNN query processing techniques and verify the strong level of privacy achieved with acceptable computation and communication overhead.
Recovery After Electrical Injury

SUMMARY A 14-month-old boy was seen following an accidental electrical injury received from a faulty domestic appliance. After initially showing marked clinical and electroencephalo-graphic signs of cerebral damage, after one month there was a dramatic and continued improvement in both motor and sensory function. The importance of prolonged and optimistic resuscitation is stressed. RESUME Recuperation apres choc electrique Un petit garcon de 14 mois a ete examinea la suite d'une decharge electrique accidentelle provenant d'un appareillage domestique defectueux. Alors qu'initialement il avait des signes marques, cliniques et electroencephalographiques, de lesion cerebrale, il a ete observe au bout d'un mois une amelioration intense et continue des fonctions motrices et sensorielles. L'importance de reanimation prolongee et optimiste est soulignee. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Genesung nach Stromverletzungen Ein 14 Monate alter Junge wurde nach einer Stromunfallverletzung durch ein defektes Hausgerat untersucht. Nachdem er anfangs deutliche klinische und elektroencephalo-graphische Zeichen eines Cerebralschadens bot, konnte nach einem Monat eine dramatische und anhaltende Besserung sowohl der motorischen als auch sensorischen Funktionen beobachtet werden. Es wird mit Nachdruck auf die Wichtigkeit einer ausgedehnten und optimistischen Durchfuhrung der Wiederbelebung hingewiesen. RESUMEN Recuperacion despues de sufrir una descarga electrica Un nino de 14 meses de edad ha sido seguido tras un accidente por descarga electrica recibida a traves de una instalacion domestica en mal estado. Despues de demostrar inicialmente unos signos electroencefalograficos y clinicos que mostraban un marcado dano cerebral, despues de un mes aparecio una mejoria teatral y continuada en las funciones motrices y sensoriales. Se pone de manifiesto la importancia de una resucitacion prolongada y optimista.
A Validation of Various Codes Using Hydrodynamic Wedge Impact Data

It is well known that slamming and whipping can significantly contribute to a ship’s structural loading which can severely impact a ship’s operational safety. Therefore, a method of predicting severe transient structural loads is needed, especially for the design of future high-speed patrol boats and high-speed ferries. A number of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes have demonstrated the ability to cope with complex body shapes and to numerically capture the nonlinear effect of hydro-elasticity. However, validation is scarce both due to a lack of experimental data and the computational intensity of the problem.This paper describes a validation study of a Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) code (STAR-CCM+) and a Lagrangian-Eulerian fluid structure interaction (FSI) code (DYSMAS) using 10 degree wedge drop test experimental data obtained at the Naval Warfare Center, Carderock Division, December 2010.© 2012 ASME
Structure and Properties of a New Electride, Rb+(cryptand[2.2.2])e.

This is the sixth electride whose crystal structure has been determined and the fourth to show polymorphism. Crystals of the title electride prepared from mixed solvents have a structure similar to that of Li+(cryptand[2.1.1])e-. Electrons occupy cavities that are connected by “ladder-like” channels. The static and spin magnetic susceptibilities of polycrystalline samples that contain this polymorph (called phase α) show Heisenberg 1D antiferromagnetic behavior with −J/kB = 30 K. Similar to other electrides with “localized” electrons, this electride is a poor conductor (σ < 10- 4 ohm-1cm-1). Thin films prepared by high vacuum co-deposition of Rb metal and cryptand[2.2.2] have optical spectra and near-metallic electrical conductivity nearly identical with those of K+(cryptand[2.2.2])e-. These properties would not be expected if the film structure were the same as that obtained for crystals. Rather, they suggest that the films consist of microcrystals whose structure is similar to that of K+(cryptand[2.2.2]...
Helping and harming have something in common.

The multifarious fates of CD4+ T helper cells mediate helpful and harmful immunity. An unexpected kinship between 'harmful' interleukin 17–producing T helper cells and 'helpful' follicular T helper cells has now been found.
Resolute Choice and Rational Deliberation: A Critique and a Defense

Etude des conditions possibles de la deliberation rationnelle dans le cadre du probleme de la decision dynamique, fonde sur le changement des evaluations et des preferences de l'agent. Examinant les quatres modes du choix determine chez McClennen (reduction simple, forme normale, consistance dynamique et separabilite), l'A. montre que la rationalite du choix determine releve des procedures de la deliberation, et non pas des preferences de l'agent
Reply to comment by T. Gerkema on “Internal‐tide energy over topography”

[1] Gerkema [2011] objects to Kelly et al.’s [2010] conclusion that internal‐tide pressure has zero depth average over a sloping bottom. This objection is based on the unfounded assumption that only internal‐tide pressure can exist in a wedge under a rigid lid. Here, we refute this supposition, arguing that tides in a wedge contain mode 0 pressure because surface and internal tides are coupled through wave drag. Moreover, we note that Gerkema’s [2011] definition of internal‐tide pressure is incompatible with the accepted baroclinicity condition over a flat bottom, which requires the internal tide have zero depth average [Kunze et al., 2002; Gerkema and van Haren, 2007]. Specifically, the pressure field illustrated in Figure 1 of Gerkema [2011] cannot be matched to the known internal‐tide solution over a flat abyss without producing unphysical discontinuities. In the following reply, we compare the internal‐tide pressures and energy fluxes of Kelly et al. [2010] and Gerkema [2011] for tides in a wedge connected to a flat abyss [Wunsch, 1968]. We conclude that the internal‐tide pressure proposed by Gerkema [2011] is incorrect and his objections to Kelly et al. [2010] are unfounded.
Bubble formation and Kr distribution in Kr-irradiated UO2

Abstract In situ and ex situ transmission electron microscopy observation of small Kr bubbles in both single-crystal and polycrystalline UO2 were conducted to understand the inert gas bubble behavior in oxide nuclear fuel. The bubble size and volume swelling are shown as weak functions of ion dose but strongly depend on the temperature. The Kr bubble formation at room temperature was observed for the first time. The depth profiles of implanted Kr determined by atom probe tomography are in good agreement with the calculated profiles by SRIM, but the measured concentration of Kr is about 1/4 of the calculated concentration. This difference is mainly due to low solubility of Kr in UO2 matrix and high release of Kr from sample surface under irradiation.
Protecting Enterprise Networks through Attack Surface Expansion

Attack surface is a valuable metric that help administrators of enterprise networks to evaluate the risk and security of the entire network. In this paper, we first distinguish the internal attack surface observed by the network administrators from the external attack surface that can be detected by the external attackers. In contrast to the traditional attack surface reduction, we propose a new attack surface expansion (ASE) mechanism that focuses on expanding the external attack surface, so that external attackers cannot easily identify the real internal attack surface from a much larger external attack surface.
Interfacial Synthesis Part II: Phase-Transfer Catalyzed Synthesis of Polycarbonate/Polysiloxane Block Copolymers

Abstract A phase transfer catalyzed (PTC) method for the preparation of bisphenol-A polycarbonate/polydimethylsiloxane multi-block or segmented copolymers of the structure shown below has been investigated. The synthesis route involves the reaction of a preformed carboxypropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane oligomer of various molecular weights with bisphenol-A, base, phosgene, and the PTC. The final copolymer contains a direct [tbnd]Si-C- link between the block structures as compared to the relatively hydrolytically unstable [tbnd]Si-O-C bond discussed previously by the authors and others. A phosgenation “pre-step” to the interfacial reaction was found to be desirable. This procedure involves bubbling phosgene through an anhydrous concentrated solution of the carboxypropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane in methylene chloride. Subsequently, a two-phase CH2 Cl2/H2O reaction medium with the phase transfer catalyst is employed in the interfacial step. The phosgenation pre-step is believed to enhance the co...
Influenza A Virus Entry: Implications in Virulence and Future Therapeutics

Influenza A viruses have broad host tropism, being able to infect a range of hosts from wild fowl to swine to humans. This broad tropism makes highly pathogenic influenza A strains, such as H5N1, potentially dangerous to humans if they gain the ability to jump from an animal reservoir to humans. How influenza A viruses are able to jump the species barrier is incompletely understood due to the complex genetic nature of the viral surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin, which mediates entry, combined with the virus's ability to use various receptor linkages. Current therapeutics against influenza A include those that target the uncoating process after entry as well as those that prevent viral budding. While there are therapeutics in development that target entry, currently there are none clinically available. We review here the genetics of influenza A viruses that contribute to entry tropism, how these genetic alterations may contribute to receptor usage and species tropism, as well as how novel therapeutics can be developed that target the major surface glycoprotein, hemagglutinin.
Interregional capital transfers and interest rate differentials: An empirical note

Over the last several years, considerable attention has been directed to the analysis of interregional and international capital transfers. A few of these studies have been concerned with the persistence of interregional interest rate differentials over time. In this vein, Davis and Banks have argued that between regions within the United States there have been persistent regional differences in going interest rates over very long periods and a tendency for particular regions to show persistently higher or lower than average rates for a variety of different instruments. Unfortunately, the Davis-Banks argument is based upon casual observation rather than upon formal empirical testing. In analytical terms, it has been elsewhere shown that persistent interregional interest rate differentials, if they in fact do exist, may be entirely compatible with conventional economic theory once it is recognized that there may exist barriers of one form or another to the interregional flow of funds. Using this framework of analysis as a point of departure, this paper examines whether the interregional flow of funds within the United States over time has in fact been insensitive to interest rate differentials.
Speed measurements in the developing region of an electrohydrodynamic spray using laser diagnostics

Experiments were conducted to assess the ability of a particle-counter-sizer velocimeter (PCSV) to measure droplet speeds in the developing region of an electrohydrodynamic spray. The working fluid, ethanol, was pumped through a stainless steel capillary tube at a constant mass flow rate. The capillary tube was held at various positive potential voltages with respect to an externally grounded funnel located below the tube. Data were acquired at two axial stations, directly under the capillary tip, in the developing region of the subject spray. The results indicated that the PCSV, with an experimental modification to the speed reduction process, performed well in this region. Speeds were measured at the near station within an average uncertainty of 2.2% and a corresponding maximum uncertainty of 3.0%; speeds at the far station were measured within an average uncertainty of 4.6% and a corresponding maximum uncertainty of 6.0%.
Palmitate-activated astrocytes via serine palmitoyltransferase increase BACE1 in primary neurons by sphingomyelinases

Astrocytes play a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we showed that saturated free fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA), upregulates β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) level and amyloidogenesis in primary rat neurons mediated by astrocytes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which conditioned media from PA-treated astrocytes upregulates BACE1 level in neurons are unknown. This study demonstrates that serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) in the astrocytes increases ceramide levels, which enhances the release of cytokines that mediate the activation of neural and acidic sphingomyelinase (SMase) in the neurons, to propagate the deleterious effects of PA (i.e., BACE1 upregulation). In support of the relevance of SPT in AD, our laboratory recently measured and found SPT levels to be significantly upregulated in AD brains as compared with controls. Cytokines, namely tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β, released into the conditioned media of PA-treated astrocytes activate neural and acidic SMase in the neurons. Neutralizing the cytokines in the PA-treated astrocyte conditioned media reduced BACE1 upregulation. However, inhibiting SPT in the astrocytes decreased the levels of both tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the conditioned media, which in turn reduced the SMase activities and BACE1 level in primary neurons. Thus, our results suggest that the activation of the astrocytes by PA is mediated by SPT, and the activated astrocytes increases BACE1 level in the neurons; the latter is mediate by the SMases.
The Acute Hemodynamic and Metabolic Response of Hypertensive Patients to Pentolinium Tartrate

Although pentolinium tartrate is widely used in the treatment of hypertension, there are no reports available regarding some of its cardiovascular effects and its influence on water and electrolyte excretion. The results of the present study indicate that this drug is of value in reducing the mean arterial blood pressure in hypertensive patients. However, the data also indicate the necessity for caution in the use of this agent and the need for a continuing search for newer agents in the treatment of this disease.
Oscillating Bubble Tensiometry: A Method for Measuring the Surfactant Adsorptive-Desorptive Kinetics and the Surface Dilatational Viscosity

Abstract Mobilities of surfactant laden interfaces are determined by both surfactant-mass-transfer kinetics and surface viscosities. In this paper, a theoretical framework for measuring these parameters by analyzing forced radial oscillations of a spherical pendant bubble about an equilibrium, quiescent base state is developed. Because of the Gibbs-Marangoni elasticity caused by hindered surfactant mass transfer, and the surface viscosities, oscillations in the gas phase pressure and bubble radius are out of phase. Using a linear analysis of the governing fluid mechanical and mass-transfer equations, the phase lag (θ) and the amplitude ratio of these two quantities (Λ) are derived. Three cases are considered for the surfactant mass transfer: a mixed-controlled model in which diffusion and sorption kinetics play a role, along with the limiting cases of diffusion-control and sorption-control, respectively. Both θ and Λ depend upon the bulk diffusivity, the equilibrium physicochemical constants, and two unknowns: the sorption kinetic constant and the surface dilatational viscosity. In this paper, by varying these unknowns, theoretical families of curves for both θ and Λ vs forcing frequency, ω′, are generated using values for the bulk diffusivity and the equilibrium physicochemical constants for decanol at aqueous-air interfaces from Lin et al. ( Langmuir 7, 1055, 1991). These curves indicate the potential of the oscillating bubble as a measurement tool, i.e., that experiments in which θ and Λ are measured vs ω′ can be used to determine the adsorption-desorption kinetic constants and the surface dilatational viscosity and to differentiate them from each other.
Bioinformatics resource manager v2.3: an integrated software environment for systems biology with microRNA and cross-species analysis tools

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that direct post-transcriptional regulation of protein coding genes. Recent studies have shown miRNAs are important for controlling many biological processes, including nervous system development, and are highly conserved across species. Given their importance, computational tools are necessary for analysis, interpretation and integration of high-throughput (HTP) miRNA data in an increasing number of model species. The Bioinformatics Resource Manager (BRM) v2.3 is a software environment for data management, mining, integration and functional annotation of HTP biological data. In this study, we report recent updates to BRM for miRNA data analysis and cross-species comparisons across datasets.
A modified LPT algorithm for the two uniform parallel machine makespan minimization problem

Abstract We propose a modified longest processing time (MLPT) heuristic algorithm for the two uniform machine makespan minimization problem. The MLPT algorithm schedules the three longest jobs optimally first, followed by the remaining jobs sequenced according to the LPT rule. We prove the tight worst-case ratio bound of 1.5 = 1.2247 for the MLPT algorithm which is an improvement over the tight worst-case ratio bound of 1.28 for the LPT algorithm.
Some general properties of a class of semilinear hyperbolic systems analogous to the differential-integral equations of gas dynamics

Abstract Using a background of nonequilibrium theory for gas dynamics, we are investigating the general structure of a class of semilinear hyperbolic systems analogous to the Boltzmann equations for a gas model with discretized velocity states. In this report we develop the global existence of (nonnegative) solutions associated with nonnegative initial data. We also present some auxiliary results on a linear conjugacy of systems and on monotonicity and smoothness properties of general (local) solutions.
Instructions and reinforcement in the modification of a conversion reaction.

The effects of two variables, instructions and social reinforcement, were examined sequentially in a case of a conversion reaction. Reinforcement in the form of praise resulted in an increase in S's ability to walk. When reinforcement was removed, other variables including instructions, expectancy, social reinforcement from other patients, and self-reinforcement may have contributed to unexpected improvements in walking. However, reinstitution of reinforcement led to the most dramatic increases in walking.
On the Behavior of Misaligned Journal Bearings Based on Mass-Conservative Thermohydrodynamic Analysis

Misalignment affects nearly all the bearing performance parameters including the cavitation, thermal field, leakage flow-rate, and moments. The present paper provides a comprehensive analysis of misaligned journal bearings based on a three-dimensional mass-conservative thermohydrodynamic model that appropriately takes into account the film rupture and reformation. An extensive set of numerical solutions are presented to closely examine the effects of misalignment in journal bearings.
The potential of backscattering interferometry as an in vitro clinical diagnostic tool for the serological diagnosis of infectious disease.

Backscattering interferometry enables the detection of syphilis antibody–antigen interactions in the presence of human serum, showing promise as a diagnostic tool for the serological diagnosis of infectious disease with potentially quantitative capabilities.
Mentoring and Self‐Efficacy for Advanced Nursing Practice: A Philosophical Approach for Nurse Practitioner Preceptors

Nurse practitioners (NPs), frequently called upon by graduate schools of nursing to be preceptors for NP students, are asked to play an active role in the socialization of these students as capable primary care providers. Much is expected of the preceptor in the typical short-term clinical preceptorship with little guidance available to her or him. A mentoring model of clinical education, while representing a longer-term commitment for preceptors than usual precepting arrangements, may ultimately be a more effective model for student learning and more satisfying for the preceptor than currently practiced models. Eastern philosophical principles, very much in harmony with valued nursing approaches to relationships, can provide a framework for examining mentoring as a strategy for promotion of self-efficacy for advanced practice that can be of benefit to both the NP preceptor and the NP neophyte.
Goals analysis procedure, guidelines for applying the goals analysis process

One of the key elements to successful project management is the establishment of the "right set of requirements", requirements that reflect the true customer needs and are consistent with the strategic goals and objectives of the participating organizations. A viable set of requirements implies that each individual requirement is a necessary element in satisfying the stated goals and that the entire set of requirements, taken as a whole, is sufficient to satisfy the stated goals. Unfortunately, it is the author's experience that during project formulation phases' many of the Systems Engineering customers do not conduct a rigorous analysis of the goals and objectives that drive the system requirements. As a result, the Systems Engineer is often provided with requirements that are vague, incomplete, and internally inconsistent. To complicate matters, most systems development methodologies assume that the customer provides unambiguous, comprehensive and concise requirements. This paper describes the specific steps of a Goals Analysis process applied by Systems Engineers at the NASA Langley Research Center during the formulation of requirements for research projects. The objective of Goals Analysis is to identify and explore all of the influencing factors that ultimately drive the system's requirements.
The use of barium in the diagnosis of acute appendiceal disease: a new radiological sign.

Accurate early diagnosis is the most important single factor in the case of the patient with appendicitis. When the clinical findings are not diagnostic, a barium enema study may demonstrate changes in the caecum and the appendix diagnostic of the disease. A series of 40 barium enema studies was performed in patients suspected of suffering from appendicitis or in order to rule out appendiceal disease when the clinical signs and findings were not conclusive. A reliable sign was found to be a reversed 3 filling defect of the caecum due to oedema of the caecal wall and mesentry. It is believed that this diagnostic sign of appendicitis has not been previously described and that it is very helpful in the differential diagnosis of the acute abdomen.
The Perils of Apostasy

Almost all of the critical comments on my article “Ethics and the Hyperreality of the Archaeological Thought World” are clear examples of the very trends in thinking that I sought to highlight conc...
Evaluation of a prepared childbirth program.

A study was undertaken to ascertain what effects on the outcome of labor and delivery could be attributed to a prepared childbirth program. Three tables are included setting forth statistical relationships. The basic conclusion was that more than five hours of structured prenatal education has a positive impact on maternal‐child health.
ARTIFICIAL RESTRAINT SYSTEMS FOR WALKING AND RUNNING ROBOTS: AN OVERVIEW

Many efforts to develop walking and running robots utilize a boom or other device to catch the robot when it falls, sense the position of the robot, and constrain the robot to operate in a two dimensional plane. However, publications usually focus on the robot, and the restraint system remains undocumented. Each group must start from scratch, or rely on word of mouth to build on the experience of others. This paper focuses solely on the artificial restraint system for legged robots, with discussion of various design options and documentation of existing systems.
Pheromone Signaling Mechanisms in Yeast: A Prototypical Sex Machine

The actions of many extracellular stimuli are elicited by complexes of cell surface receptors, heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase complexes. Analysis of haploid yeast cells and their response to peptide mating pheromones has produced important advances in our understanding of G protein and MAP kinase signaling mechanisms. Many of the components, their interrelationships, and their regulators were first identified in yeast. Current analysis of the pheromone response pathway (see the Connections Maps at Science's Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment) will benefit from new and powerful genomic, proteomic, and computational approaches that will likely reveal additional general principles that are applicable to more complex organisms.
A new genus and species from Borneo and a new species from Java and Sumatra of Cicadini (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Abstract A new cicada genus and species, Minilomia triquetra, gen. and sp. nov., is described from Borneo. The new genus Minilomia is closely allied to Platylomia Stal and is placed in the subtribe Dundubiina of the tribe Cicadini. Another new cicada species, Pomponia brevicaudata, sp. nov. (subtribe Psithyristriina), is described from Java and Sumatra. The new species belongs to the Pomponia linearis species group and the P. linearis species complex but is distinguished from its congeners by the unusually short male abdomen.
Asking for a Commitment: Violations during the 2007 Match and the Effect on Applicant Rank Lists

Introduction: Applicants to residency face a number of difficult questions during the interview process, one of which is when a program asks for a commitment to rank the program highly. The regulations governing the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) match explicitly forbid any residency programs asking for a commitment. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of applicants from U.S. medical schools to five specialties during the 2006-2007 interview season using the Electronic Residency Application Service of the Association of American Medical Colleges. Applicants were asked to recall being asked to provide any sort of commitment (verbal or otherwise) to rank a program highly. Surveys were sent after rank lists were submitted, but before match day. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: There were 7,028 unique responses out of 11,983 surveys sent for a response rate of 58.6%. Of those who identified their specialty (emergency medicine, internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology [OBGYN], general surgery and orthopedics), there were 6,303 unique responders. Overall 19.6% (1380/7028) of all respondents were asked to commit to a program. Orthopedics had the highest overall prevalence at 28.9% (372/474), followed by OBGYN (23.7%; 180/759), general surgery (21.7%; 190/876), internal medicine (18.3%; 601/3278), and finally, emergency medicine (15.4%; 141/916). Of those responding, 38.4% stated such questions made them less likely to rank the program. Conclusion: Applicants to residencies are being asked questions expressly forbidden by the NRMP. Among the five specialties surveyed, orthopedics and OBGYN had the highest incidence of this violation. Asking for a commitment makes applicants less likely to rank a program highly. [West J Emerg Med. 2015;16(2):331-335.]
Light Dependence of Chloroplast Replication and Starch Metabolism in the Moss Polytrichum commune

Spores of Polytrichum conwtuine were grown on a mineral salt solution with or without sucrose and exposed to continuous white light, continuous darkness, red light and/or far-red light. With sucrose, germination and filament growth occurred in all conditions, Without sucrose, germination and filament growth occurred only in light. Two phytochrome mediated responses of the chloroplasts were demonstrated. Chloroplast replication occurred in continuous white light and red light of 15 min/6 hours. In continuous darkness and in far red light of 15 min/6 hours, the size of the chloroplasts increased; but no replication occurred. Both the chloroplast replication and chloroplast size were red, far-red light reversible. When changed from one continuous light environment to another, a lag period occurred before the chloroplasts responded to the new environment. Electron micrographs of sections and in vivo staining of the chloroplasts with iodine solution demonstrated that the change in size of the chloroplasts was at least partially due to the synthesis and degradation of starch.
A Vibration-Free Capillary Electrometer

Description is made of a capillary electrometer designed for physiological studies. The use of this instrument with a thermionic amplifier makes possible the recording of small changes in potential without requiring the construction of an extremely sensitive capillary.The advantages of the instrument described are the use of a closed acid chamber, an upright position of the capillary, and of even greater importance, the relatively vibration-free meniscus which is obtained by placing the capillary midway between two balancing columns of mercury.
Recombinant Human Activated Protein C for Use in Severe Sepsis

OBJECTIVE:To review the efficacy and safety of drotrecogin alfa (recombinant human activated protein C) in the treatment of sepsis.DATA SOURCES:Literature was identified through a MEDLINE search (1966–January 2002), the product manufacturer, and the Food and Drug Administration.STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION:All relevant information identified from the data sources was evaluated.DATA SYNTHESIS:Drotrecogin alfa reduces coagulation and inflammation in septic patients. A large placebo-controlled clinical trial (n = 1690) of drotrecogin alfa in severely septic patients demonstrated a reduction in mortality (24.7% vs. 30.8%; p = 0.005), with increased bleeding risks (24.9% vs. 17.7%; p <0.001). Patients with more severe sepsis appeared to gain the most benefit. The complete clinical and economic impact of this agent requires further analysis.CONCLUSIONS:Drotrecogin alfa offers a significant advance in the treatment of severe sepsis. Judicious use in appropriate patients is necessary to control cost and maximi...
Perceptions of Regional Perinatal Center House Staff As to the Usefulness of Neonatal Resuscitation Training (NRP)

Perceptions of Regional Perinatal Center House Staff As to the Usefulness of Neonatal Resuscitation Training (NRP)
Export stoichiometry and migrant-mediated flux of phosphorus in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

Abstract Export processes play a major role in regulating global marine primary production by reducing the efficiency of nutrient cycling and turnover in surface waters. Most studies of euphotic zone export focus on passive fluxes, that is, sinking particles. However, active transport, the vertical transfer of material by migrating zooplankton, can also be an important component of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) removal from the surface ocean. Here we demonstrate that active transport is an especially important mechanism for phosphorus (P) removal from the euphotic zone at Station ALOHA (Hawaii Ocean Time-series program; 22°45′N, 158°W), a P-stressed site in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Migrant excretions in this region are P-rich (C 51 :N 12 :P 1 ) relative to sinking particles (C 250 :N 31 :P 1 ), and migrant-mediated P fluxes are almost equal in magnitude (82%) to P fluxes from sediment traps. Migrant zooplankton biomass and therefore the importance of this P removal pathway relative to sinking fluxes has increased significantly over the past 12 years, suggesting that active transport may be a major driving force for enhanced P-limitation of biological production in the NPSG. We further assess the C:N:P composition of zooplankton size fractions at Station ALOHA (C 88 :N 18 :P 1 , on average) and discuss migrant-mediated P export in light of the balance between zooplankton and suspended particle stoichiometries. We conclude that, because active transport is such a large component of the total P flux and significantly impacts ecosystem stoichiometry, export processes involving migrant zooplankton must be included in large-scale efforts to understand biogeochemical cycles.
Addressing Counseling Needs of Gifted Students

Counseling concerns of highly able students may reflect characteristics associated with giftedness. Yet school counselor training programs give scant attention to this phenomenon and to the social and emotional development of these students. School counselors therefore may be unaware of and unequipped to respond to these concerns. Referencing scholarly literature related to giftedness as both asset and burden, the author explores school counselors' potential roles in responding to the needs of gifted students.
Correlated-polarity noise reduction: feasibility of a new statistical approach to reduce image noise

Reduction of image noise is an important goal in producing the highest quality medical images. A very important benefit of reducing image noise is the ability to reduce patient exposure while maintaining adequate image quality. Various methods have been described in the literature for reducing image noise by means of image processing, both deterministic and statistical. Deterministic methods tend to degrade image resolution or lead to artifacts or non-uniform noise texture that does not look "natural" to the observer. Statistical methods, including Bayesian estimation, have been successfully applied to image processing, but may require more time-consuming steps of computing priors. The approach described in this paper uses a new statistical method we have developed in our laboratory to reduce image noise. This approach, Correlated-Polarity Noise Reduction (CPNR), makes an estimate of the polarity of noise at a given pixel, and then subtracts a random value from a normal distribution having a sign that matches the estimated polarity of the noise in the pixel. For example, if the noise is estimated to be positive in a given pixel, then a random number that is also positive will be subtracted from that pixel. The CPNR method reduces the noise in an image by about 20% per iteration, with little negative impact on image resolution, few artifacts, and final image noise characteristics that appears "normal." Examples of the feasibility of this approach are presented in application to radiography and CT, but it also has potential utility in tomosynthesis and fluoroscopy.