cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Awareness and Branding in College/University Foodservices: What Motivates These Trends?

ABSTRACT Both nutrition awareness and branding are trends that have changed and are continuing to change the nature of college/university foodservices. These two trends have evolved from opposing customer motivations: a desire to improve health and Wellness and a need to have expectations of food products met. Customer nutrition awareness has developed as a result of research into dietary practices recommended for improved health and Wellness. Branding has emerged from customer desire to have familiar products that consistently meet their expectations. The purpose of this study is (1) to examine the factors motivating these trends, (2) to determine the criteria various segments of college customers use for food selection, and (3) to assess the impact of these trends on future strategic planning in college/university segment. By developing a better understanding of the nature of the college/university dining segment, food-service administrators will be positioned for more effective, proactive strategic pla...
A Conversation with Sandra Abell: Science Teacher Learning

The conversation between Sandra Abell and Patricia Friedrichsen took place at the University of Missouri, U.S., on December 19, 2007. The purpose of this dialogue was to reflect on Dr. Abell's career in science education and her research on science teacher learning. During the conversation, Sandra Abell discussed changes in research in this field, the usefulness of the pedagogical content knowledge construct, as well as directions for future research. The text includes a brief summary of Sandra Abell's career achievements, a list of our conversation topics, the transcript of the audio-taped conversation, as well as a list of Dr. Abell's selected publications.
Factor-Analytic Replications of the Estes Attitude Scales:

The Elementary Form of the Estes Attitude Scales was administered to 317 children in grades 3-6 who were attending two rural schools in western Virginia and to 49 fourth graders in an urban Pennsyl...
Enhancing academic engagement: Providing opportunities for responding and influencing students to choose to respond

Although educators often provide opportunities for students to engage in active academic responding, in many situations, students either cannot or will not respond. In the current article, we analyze the reasons students fail to respond. Practical procedures educators can use to prevent can’t do problems are provided. Won’t do problems are conceptualized as choice behaviors. Both applied and theoretical research on choice behavior provides the basis for recommendations designed to enhance the probability of students choosing to engage in active accurate academic (AAA) responding. Such procedures can increase skill development and achievement while decreasing inappropriate behaviors that are incompatible with AAA responding. School psychologists may utilize this information during the initial stages of collaborative problem solving (e.g., consultation) to help conceptualize problems. This conceptualization may then guide the assessment and intervention processes. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decreased detection of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) in cord blood sera is associated with preeclamptic pregnancies

SERA IS ASSOCIATED WITH PREECLAMPTIC PREGNANCIES MARK SANTILLAN, MEGAN KOH, ROBERT MITTENDORF, JOHN GIANOPOULOS, RICHARD BESINGER, RUBEN MESTRIL, University of Iowa, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Iowa City, Iowa, Loyola University of Chicago, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Maywood, Illinois, Loyola University of Chicago, Cardiovascular Institute, Maywood, Illinois OBJECTIVE: Although the understanding of the molecular basis of preeclampsia is limited, biomarkers for apoptosis have been demonstrated in preeclamptic placentas (AJOG 2006;194:557). Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) has been shown to have an anti-apoptotic effect (Circulation 2002;105:2899). Our objectives were two-fold: 1) to determine if HSP60 is detectable in umbilical cord blood sera; and 2) to determine if there is a difference in levels between preeclamptic and normal pregnancies. We have previously reported (AJOG 2005;193:S74[227]) that HSP60 is somewhat, but not significantly, more prevalent in the sera of preeclamptic women (40% vs. 34%). STUDY DESIGN: In this adjunct, subset analysis of a case-control study of maternal sera HSP60 levels and preeclampsia, cord blood sera were collected at delivery from preeclamptic pregnancies (n=61) and controls (n=64). HSP60 was measured by ELISA (Stressgen). To control for possible confounding, demographic, maternal, and obstetric variables were also obtained from the medical record. RESULTS: The demographic characteristics of cases and controls were similar. HSP60 was detectable in the cord sera of both groups. However, in the preeclamptic pregnancies, 18% (11/61) of subjects had detectable HSP60 compared to 44% (28/64) of controls (P=.03, 2 sided Fisher exact). Of interest, male fetuses also had lower detection rates of HSP60 in cord sera (P=0.04). In an asymptotic multivariate logistic regression, preeclampsia remains significant (adj. OR 0.42; CI 0.18-1.0; P=0.05). CONCLUSION: HSP60 was detectable in fetal cord blood sera and was less prevalent in preeclamptic pregnancies. We speculate that decreased fetal HSP60 in preeclamptic pregnancies may result in diminished protection from apoptosis, thus producing the placental apoptosis others have found. Further investigation is warranted to confirm these findings and delineate the pathway in which fetal HSP60 may contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
Ectro-amelia syndrome associated with an interstitial deletion of 7q

We describe a premature male infant with an interstitial deletion of 7q [46,XY,del(7) (pter----q21.3::q31.3----qter]. Manifestations include absence of lower limbs, unilateral ectrodactyly, facial anomalies, gingival hyperplasia, feeding problems, and atrial septal defect. Chromosome 7 deletions of the q21.3----q31.3 region are reviewed with emphasis on limb anomalies.
Exploring the Performance Benefits of Group Training: Transactive Memory or Improved Communication?

Abstract Several experiments (see Hollingshead, 1998a; Moreland, 1999) have shown that groups perform tasks better if their members are trained together rather than apart. The performance benefits of group training have been attributed to the development of transactive memory systems. This experiment tested whether such benefits are due instead to improved communication among group members. The results indicated that they are not. Groups whose members were trained apart, with no chance to communicate with one another, performed well after receiving information about one another's skills. Their performance was comparable to that of groups whose members were trained together, and both types of groups performed significantly better than did groups whose members were trained apart. The relationship between transactive memory and communication processes was discussed briefly, along with the prospect of using feedback about workers' skills to create transactive memory systems in large organizations as well as in small groups.
Modeling and estimation problems in the turtle visual cortex

The goal of this paper is to verify that position and velocity of a spot of light incident on the retina of a turtle are encoded by the spatiotemporal dynamics of the cortical waves they generate. This conjecture is examined using a biophysically realistic large-scale computational model of the visual cortex implemented with the software package, GENESIS. The cortical waves are recorded and analyzed using principal components analysis and the position and velocity information from visual space is mapped onto an abstract B-space, to be described, using the coefficients of the principal components expansion. The likely values of the position/velocity are estimated using standard statistical detection methods.
Soft Core Embedded Processor Based Built-In Self-Test of FPGAs

This paper presents the first implementation of Built-In Self-Test (BIST) of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) using a soft core embedded processor for reconfiguration of the FPGA resources under test, control of BIST execution, retrieval of BIST results, and fault diagnosis. The approach was implemented in Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGAs but is applicable to any FPGA that contains an internal configuration memory access port.
Empathetic responsiveness, group norms, and prosocial affiliations in bullying roles

In this study, the relationships among gender, empathetic responsiveness, perceived group norms, prosocial affiliations, and bullying roles were examined for 262 fifth- through eighth-grade students (n = 141 males; n = 121 females). According to the Bullying Participant Roles Survey (BPRS), participants were identified as defenders (n = 135; 51.5%), victims (n = 48; 18.3%), bullies (n = 39; 14.9%), and outsiders (n = 26; 9.9%). Results of multinominal logistic regression revealed that empathetic responsiveness was a significant predictor of defending behavior and an inverse predictor of outsider behavior. Gender also predicted defending behavior, with boys being more likely to defend than girls. In addition, participants who indicated that their friends supported bullying were more likely to be involved in bullying perpetration and victimization. An unexpected interaction effect between prosocial affiliations and group norms indicated that girls who reported more probullying group norms but whose friends reported having more prosocial tendencies were more likely to assume roles of bullies and victims than outsiders. Implications for practice are outlined, including recommendations for antibullying initiatives.
LocalCom: A Community-based Epidemic Forwarding Scheme in Disruption-tolerant Networks

In disruption-tolerant networks (DTNs), network topology constantly changes and end-to-end paths can hardly be sustained. However, social network properties are observed in many DTNs and tend to be stable over time. To utilize the social network properties to facilitate packet forwarding, we present LocalCom, a community-based epidemic forwarding scheme that efficiently detects the community structure using limited local information and improves the forwarding efficiency based on the community structure. We define similarity metrics according to nodes' encounter history to depict the neighboring relationship between each pair of nodes. A distributed algorithm, which only utilizes local information, is then applied to detect communities and the formed communities have strong intra-community connections. We also present two schemes to first select and then prune gateways that connect communities to control redundancy and facilitate efficient intercommunity packet forwarding. Extensive real-trace-driven simulation results are presented to support the effectiveness of our scheme.
Power optimization for conditional task graphs in DVS enabled multiprocessor systems

In this paper, we focus on power optimization of real-time applications with conditional execution running on a dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) enabled multiprocessor system. The targeted system consists of heterogeneous processing elements with non-negligible inter-processor communication delay and energy. Given a conditional task graph (CTG), we have developed novel online and offline algorithms that perform simultaneous task mapping and ordering followed by task stretching. Both algorithms minimize the mathematical expectation of energy dissipation of non-deterministic applications by considering the probabilistic distribution of branch selection. Compared with existing CTG scheduling algorithms, our online and offline scheduling algorithms reduce energy by 28% and 39% in average, respectively.
Differences in brain structure in deaf persons on mr imaging studied with voxel-based morphometry

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The loss of a major sensory input early in life is known to cause alterations in neuronal connectivity and physiology at the cellular level, but effects on gross anatomy are less well understood. The purpose of this study was to compare volumetric structural brain MR imaging scans of deaf versus hearing subjects by using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). The hypothesis was that the deaf would have relative hypoplasia in the temporal lobe centers involved in hearing and speech. METHODS: T1-weighted volumetric images from 53 prelingually deaf persons and 51 control subjects were analyzed with VBM. Initial segmentations were spatially normalized, and then these deformation parameters were applied to the original images, which were again segmented. Statistic parametric mapping was then applied on a voxel-by-voxel basis to determine group differences and asymmetries. RESULTS: The white matter analysis revealed a statistically significant focal deficit in the deaf persons in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG), corresponding to white matter inferior to auditory cortex. Gray matter asymmetries in the deaf persons were overall similar to that in hearing persons but a focal loss of asymmetry was noted in the posterior STG white matter in the deaf persons. CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that there are gross alterations in brain anatomy as a consequence of early deafness. The white matter deficit in the posterior left superior temporal gyrus may represent hypoplasia of the auditory/speech related tracts. Hemispheric asymmetries however remain largely intact.
Spike-timing computation properties of a feed-forward neural network model.

Brain function is characterized by dynamical interactions among networks of neurons. These interactions are mediated by network topology at many scales ranging from microcircuits to brain areas. Understanding how networks operate can be aided by understanding how the transformation of inputs depends upon network connectivity patterns, e.g. serial and parallel pathways. To tractably determine how single synapses or groups of synapses in such pathways shape transformations, we modeled feed-forward networks of 7-22 neurons in which synaptic strength changed according to a spike-timing dependent plasticity rule. We investigated how activity varied when dynamics were perturbed by an activity-dependent electrical stimulation protocol (spike-triggered stimulation; STS) in networks of different topologies and background input correlations. STS can successfully reorganize functional brain networks in vivo, but with a variability in effectiveness that may derive partially from the underlying network topology. In a simulated network with a single disynaptic pathway driven by uncorrelated background activity, structured spike-timing relationships between polysynaptically connected neurons were not observed. When background activity was correlated or parallel disynaptic pathways were added, however, robust polysynaptic spike timing relationships were observed, and application of STS yielded predictable changes in synaptic strengths and spike-timing relationships. These observations suggest that precise input-related or topologically induced temporal relationships in network activity are necessary for polysynaptic signal propagation. Such constraints for polysynaptic computation suggest potential roles for higher-order topological structure in network organization, such as maintaining polysynaptic correlation in the face of relatively weak synapses.
Local and Global Comparison of Continuous Functions

We introduce local and global comparison measures for a collection of k /spl les/ d real-valued smooth functions on a common d-dimensional Riemannian manifold. For k = d = 2 we relate the measures to the set of critical points of one function restricted to the level sets of the other. The definition of the measures extends to piecewise linear functions for which they are easy to compute. The computation of the measures forms the centerpiece of a software tool which we use to study scientific datasets.
Aging Leads to Disturbed Homeostasis of Memory Phenotype CD8+ Cells

Examining the rate of in vivo T cell turnover (proliferation) in aged mice revealed a marked reduction in turnover at the level of memory-phenotype CD44hi CD8+ cells relative to young mice. Based on adoptive transfer experiments, the reduced turnover of aged CD44hi CD8+ cells reflected an inhibitory influence of the aged host environment. Aged CD44hi CD8+ cells also showed poor in vivo responses to IL-15 and IL-15–inducing agents, but responded well to IL-15 in vitro. Two mechanisms could account for the reduced turnover of aged CD44hi CD8+ cells in vivo. First, aging was associated with a prominent and selective increase in Bcl-2 expression in CD44hi CD8+ cells. Hence, the reduced turnover of aged CD44hi CD8+ cells may in part reflect the antiproliferative effect of enhanced Bcl-2 expression. Second, the impaired in vivo response of aged CD44hi CD8+ cells to IL-15 correlated with increased serum levels of type I interferons (IFN-I) and was largely reversed by injection of anti–IFN-I antibody. Hence the selective reduction in the turnover of aged CD44hi CD8+ cells in vivo may reflect the combined inhibitory effects of enhanced Bcl-2 expression and high IFN-I levels.
Noncausal Gauss Markov random fields: parameter structure and estimation

The parameter structure of noncausal homogeneous Gauss Markov random fields (GMRF) defined on finite lattices is studied. For first-order (nearest neighbor) and a special class of second-order fields, a complete characterization of the parameter space and a fast implementation of the maximum likelihood estimator of the field parameters are provided. For general higher order fields, tight bounds for the parameter space are presented and an efficient procedure for ML estimation is described. Experimental results illustrate the application of the approach presented and the viability of the present method in fitting noncausal models to 2-D data. >
IBM’s PIQUANT II in TREC2004

PIQUANT II, the system we used for TREC 2004, is a completely reengineered system whose core functionalities for answering factoid and list questions remain largely unchanged from previous years [Chu-Carroll et al, 2003, Prager et al, 2004]. We continue to address these questions using our multi-strategy and multi-source approach. For “other” questions, we experimented with two alternative approaches, one that uses statistical collocation information for extracting prominent passages related to the target, and the other which is a slight variation of the QA-by-Dossier approach we employed last year [Prager et al, 2004] that asks a set of subquestions of interest about the target and returns a set of relevant passages that answer these subquestions. In addition, to address this year’s new question format, we developed a question preprocessing component to interpret individual questions against the given target to generate a selfcontained natural language question as expected by subsequent components of our QA system. NIST assessed scores showed substantial improvement of our new PIQUANT II system over earlier versions of our QA system both in terms of absolute scores as well as relative improvement compared to the best and median scores in each of the three component subtasks.
Auditor Perceptions Of SAS 99: Do Two Expectation Gaps Still Exist?

In 1988, the Auditing Standards Board released nine standards intended to narrow the previously identified “expectation gap”—a gap between the expectations of financial statement users and certified public accountants (“Expectation Gap I”). A 1992 study of auditor perceptions of two of those standards dealing with errors, irregularities, and illegal acts of clients, revealed that there existed a second expectation gap, one between the standard setters and practicing CPAs (“Expectation Gap II”). Since then, the ASB has released two successor statements intended to address the issue of auditors’ responsibility to consider fraud in a financial statement audit. This study examines auditor perceptions of the more recent pronouncement and reveals general skepticism among respondents regarding its effectiveness in promoting Congressional and public confidence in the auditing profession; i.e., little confidence that it will serve to reduce Expectation Gap I. It also reveals the continued existence of Expectation Gap II.
The effects of conditional cash transfers on social engagement and trust in institutions : evidence from Peru's juntos programme

Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes have rapidly expanded throughout the developing world. These programmes have been relatively effective at improving living standards and producing behavioural changes expected to improve human capital among beneficiary children. Little is known, however, about the effect of CCTs on outcomes other than those they intend to modify but which may nonetheless be important for achieving these programmes’ longer-term objectives and improving development prospects more generally. This paper addresses this gap by evaluating the effects of CCTs on membership in social organisations and trust in institutions, using evidence from Peru’s Juntos programme. The analysis employs household- and district-level data and a difference-in-differences strategy to estimate the programme effects, focusing on the 133 districts in which the programme was implemented during 2006. Its effects among both eligible and non-eligible households are estimated. The programme does not have effects on membership in social organisations on either group of households. It increases trust in institutions related to programme conditions among the eligible population, but it decreases trust in the ombudsman’s office, a public institution that has channelled grievances arising from exclusion from the programme. While the results regarding eligible households are encouraging news for proponents, those pertaining to non-eligible households reveal a negative unintended consequence that should be a source of concern.
Sex Hormones, Sex, Gender, and Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease of the pulmonary vasculature resulting in right ventricular failure and death. PAH may occur as a primary disease or in association with a diverse range of diseases. While a skewed gender ratio with significantly more females diagnosed than males is common in PAH, other forms of PH more broadly do not have a pronounced sexual dimorphism. While more females are diagnosed with PAH, recent epidemiologic data suggest that survival among females is better than males, especially compared to older male patients. The mechanisms of the sex-related variations in phenotype are incompletely understood, but likely involve variation in response to parent compound sex hormones and their metabolites.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)-Maoecrystal V

The enantioselective synthesis of maoecrystal V, a cytotoxic polycyclic diterpene, is described. Key reactions in the synthesis include an intramolecular Heck reaction, an oxidative cycloetherification, and an intermolecular Diels–Alder reaction to forge the carbocyclic core in a concise and stereoselective manner. Late-stage amine and C–H oxidation is used to install the final functional groups required to complete the synthesis.
Anisotropic Conducting Film (ACF) of Ag Nanoparticles as Transfer Polymer and Electrical Interface for Silicon Micro- and Nano- Pillars

We report a novel application of Anisotropic Conductive Films (ACFs) technology to provide electrical contact and mechanical anchor between fracture transfer-printed (1-D) single crystal semiconductor micro- and nanopillars and a bottom metal. This fracture-transfer method enables highly crystalline micro- and nanopillars of different materials with diverse bandgaps and physical properties to be fabricated on appropriate mother substrates and transferred to form multilayered 3D stacks for multifunctional devices. The proposed protocol incorporates silver (Ag) nanoparticles into thermoplastic polymers exploitable in transfer-printed semiconductor devices and circuits with low contact resistance that is compatible with current IC processing methods. The vertical micropillars arrays are then embossed onto the polymer at its rubbery state by applying a vertical force leading to particle trapping between the bottom electrode and the micropillars. The polymer is then hardened while retaining the applied vertical force. By applying a lateral force on the mother substrate, the firmly cemented pillars are fractured off thereby allowing the mother substrate to be reused.
Nanomaterial-based sensors for the detection of biological threat agents

The danger posed by biological threat agents and the limitations of modern detection methods to rapidly identify them underpins the need for continued development of novel sensors. The application of nanomaterials to this problem in recent years has proven especially advantageous. By capitalizing on large surface/volume ratios, dispersability, beneficial physical and chemical properties, and unique nanoscale interactions, nanomaterial-based biosensors are being developed with sensitivity and accuracy that are starting to surpass traditional biothreat detection methods, yet do so with reduced sample volume, preparation time, and assay cost. In this review, we start with an overview of bioagents and then highlight the breadth of nanoscale sensors that have recently emerged for their detection.
The use of 5-fluorocytosine and ketoconazole in the culture of the erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum and some tumor cell lines.

In vitro culture systems are often contaminated by bacteria and fungi. It is therefore often necessary to supplement culture media with agents such as penicillin/streptomycin, gentamycin or amphotericin B. The latter cannot be used in the in vitro culture of erythrocytic stages ofP. falciparum, and thus anti-fungal agents have not been regularly used in this system. We describe the prophylactic use of 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) and ketoconazole (KTZ) in tissue cultures at concentrations up to 300 and 10 μg/ml respectively which have no effect on the growth ofP. falciparum (FCR-3 strain). A melanoma cell line (C32) and a line of uterine carcinoma (C41) were also unaffected by similar concentrations of 5-FC and KTZ. When dissolved in complete culture medium (RPMI 1640) with 10% human plasma, the minimum inhibitory concentration of 5-FC for a susceptible strain ofCandida remained below 2 μg/ml. These experiments suggest that 5-FC (at 50 μg/ml) alone or in combination with KTZ (at 1 μg/ml) is a useful addition to the armamentarium of antimicrobials available to the tissue culture biologist for a variety of cell culture systems.
Adaptive Sliding Mode Control With Sliding Mode Observer Design for a MEMS Vibratory Gyroscope

This paper presents a novel adaptive sliding mode control with a sliding mode observer for a MEMS gyroscope. The proposed adaptive sliding mode controller with a sliding mode observer which reconstructs the unmeasured states can estimate the angular velocity and the linear damping and stiffness coefficients of the gyroscope despite parameter variations and external disturbance. An adaptive sliding mode controller with a proportional and integral sliding surface is derived and the stability condition of the closed-loop system is established. The numerical simulation for the MEMS gyroscope model is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive sliding mode control with sliding mode observer.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The Usage of CAE in the Design of Dash Board

The article introduces dash board's welding and seaming of a new car produced by SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile Co.,Ltd.,and the usage of CAE in the design of firewall welding assembly,and gives a brief account on the design phase when we adopt CAE analysis,the CAE analysis categories and experiences on CAE analysis conditions.
Analysis for occurrence of food-borne diseases at families in Beijing

Objective To study the current status of food-borne disease occurrence in families and its related factors and put forward suggestions for priority of its publicity to prevent and control of it.Methods Totally, 1 528 residents in Xicheng District of Beijing were selected for investigation with questionnaire by trained interviewers. All the data were processed and analyzed with Microsoft Excel software.Results One hundred and sixty-five of 1 528 residents investigated complained symptoms of food-borne disease in the last month, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and so on, with an overall prevalence of 10.80%.Conclusion Current status in control of food-borne disease in Xicheng District was not so satisfactory. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of food hygiene knowledge and establish and prefect the surveillance system of food-borne disease.
Critical Considerations on Optimizing Topical Corticosteroid Therapy.

Author disclosures: Dr. Werschler received an honorarium for his participation in this roundtable. Author disclosures: Dr. Herdener received an honorarium for his participation in this roundtable. Author disclosures: Dr. Ross received an honorarium for his participation in this roundtable. Author disclosures: Dr. Zimmerman is on the Speakers Bureau for Suneva and received an honorarium for his participation in this roundtable.
Selected Antimicrobial Activity of Topical Ophthalmic Anesthetics.

Purpose Endophthalmitis is a rare complication of intravitreal injection (IVI). It is recommended that povidone-iodine be the last agent applied before IVI. Patients have reported povidone-iodine application to be the most bothersome part of IVIs. Topical anesthetics have been demonstrated to have antibacterial effects. This study compared the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of topical anesthetic eye drops (proparacaine 0.5%, tetracaine 0.5%, lidocaine 2.0%) and the antiseptic, 5.0% povidone-iodine, against two organisms causing endophthalmitis after IVI.
Development of stress boundary conditions in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) for the modeling of solids deformation

This paper develops a method for imposing stress boundary conditions in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) with and without the need for dummy particles. SPH has been used for simulating phenomena in a number of fields, such as astrophysics and fluid mechanics. More recently, the method has gained traction as a technique for simulation of deformation and fracture in solids, where the meshless property of SPH can be leveraged to represent arbitrary crack paths. Despite this interest, application of boundary conditions within the SPH framework is typically limited to imposed velocity or displacement using fictitious dummy particles to compensate for the lack of particles beyond the boundary interface. While this is enough for a large variety of problems, especially in the case of fluid flow, for problems in solid mechanics there is a clear need to impose stresses upon boundaries. In addition to this, the use of dummy particles to impose a boundary condition is not always suitable or even feasibly, especially for those problems which include internal boundaries. In order to overcome these difficulties, this paper first presents an improved method for applying stress boundary conditions in SPH with dummy particles. This is then followed by a proposal of a formulation which does not require dummy particles. These techniques are then validated against analytical solutions to two common problems in rock mechanics, the Brazilian test and the penny-shaped crack problem both in 2D and 3D. This study highlights the fact that SPH offers a good level of accuracy to solve these problems and that results are reliable. This validation work serves as a foundation for addressing more complex problems involving plasticity and fracture propagation.
An Emergent History of Educational Action Research in the English-Speaking World

This chapter explores educational action research from its inception in the early twentieth century as a form of applied social science research in response to poverty, racism, and fascism to its decline in the post-war period (Era 1). The second era began with the development of curriculum action research in the UK and the work of the Writing Projects in the USA and continues to the present, joined by critical action research and self-study of teacher education practices. The third era focuses on technical problem solving to improve student learning as measured by high-stakes examinations. The chapter ends with a call for action researchers to learn from the past so that it can continue to be a way to reduce inequities and support social justice.
An artificial immunity approach to malware detection in a mobile platform

Inspired by the human immune system, we explore the development of a new Multiple-Detector Set Artificial Immune System (mAIS) for the detection of mobile malware based on the information flows in Android apps. mAISs differ from conventional AISs in that multiple-detector sets are evolved concurrently via negative selection. Typically, the first detector set is composed of detectors that match information flows associated with malicious apps while the second detector set is composed of detectors that match the information flows associated with benign apps. The mAIS presented in this paper incorporates feature selection along with a negative selection technique known as the split detector method (SDM). This new mAIS has been compared with a variety of conventional AISs and mAISs using a dataset of information flows captured from malicious and benign Android applications. This approach achieved a 93.33% accuracy with a true positive rate of 86.67% and a false positive rate of 0.00%.
Exploring experiential consumption dimensions in the theme park context

Although theme park products play a significant role in experiential consumption, there is a lack of attention on the components of theme park experience in the experiential consumption framework. Therefore, the current study was conducted to develop a scale to measure theme park visitor experience by applying Schmitt’s [(1999a). Experiential marketing: How to get customers to sense, feel, think, act, and relate to your company and brands. New York, NY: Free Press] five strategic experiential modules of SENSE, FEEL, THINK, ACT, and RELATE. The scale was tested on an online sample of 400 US residents who visited at least one theme park in the past twelve months. Three different analyses were used to test the reliability and validity of the 5-factor experiential consumption model. First, principal component analysis to identify the number of meaningful factors revealed a 4-factor model structure. Second, confirmatory factor analysis to test the psychometric properties of the measurement and structural model...
Freezing by heating

An unexpected transition from a fluid state to a frozen state can be achieved in a non-equilibrium system by increasing the level of noise (or temperature) of the system. Such transitions may apply to traffic jams created by fluctuations in the traffic flow.
Structure, Duality, and Randomization: Common Themes in AI and OR

Both the Artificial Intelligence (AI) community and the Operations Research (OR) community are interested in developing techniques for solving hard combinatorial problems. OR has relied heavily on mathematical programming formulations such as integer and linear programming, while AI has developed constrained-based search and inference methods. Recently, we have seen a convergence of ideas, drawing on the individual strengths of these paradigms. Furthermore, there is a great deal of overlap in research on local search and meta-heuristics by both communities. Problem structure, duality, and randomization are overarching themes in the study of AI/OR approaches. I will compare and contrast the different views from AI and OR on these topics, highlighting potential synergistic benefits. 1
Defending Burge's Thought Experiment

L'A. refute la critique de l'argument de l'attitude contrefactuelle du patient chez N. Georgalis, d'une part, et defend la validite de l'experience de pensee de T. Burge en faveur de la these anti-individualiste, d'autre part.
Mono(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)uranium(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Properties, and X-ray Structures of (η-C5Me5)UI2(THF)3, (η-C5Me5)UI2(py)3, and (η-C5Me5)U[N(SiMe3)2]2

The uranium(III) iodide complex UI{sub 3}(THF){sub 4} reacts cleanly at ambient temperature with 1 equiv of sodium and potassium pentamethylcyclopentadienide salts in tetrahydrofuran to form the mono-ring uranium(III) complex ({eta}-C{sub 5}Me{sub 5})UI{sub 2}(THF){sub 3}(1). Additionally, reaction of UI{sub 3}(THF){sub 4} with 2 equiv or more of K(C{sub 5}Me{sub 5}) in THF solution leads to the formation of the bis-ring adduct ({eta}-C{sub 5}Me{sub 5}){sub 2}UI(THF) (2) in high yield. In the solid state 1 exhibits a pseudo-octahedral mer,trans ligand geometry with the C{sub 5}Me{sub 5} ligand occupying one axial position. U-I bond lengths range from 3.161(1) to 3.179(1){angstrom}, while U-O distances to the THF ligands lie in the range 2.496(8)-2.594(10){angstrom}. 1 also provides a convenient entry into a variety of other mono-ring complexes of uranium(III). In the presence of excess pyridine, the coordinated THF ligands of 1 are readily displaced for form the tris(tyridine) adduct ({eta}-C{sub 5}Me{sub 5})UI{sub 2}(py){sub 3}(3), which exhibits a mer,trans ligand geometry in the solid state similar to that of 1. Methathesis of the iodide ligands in 1 with 2 equiv of KN(SiMe{sub 3}){sub 2} affords the bis(amido) complex ({eta}-C{sub 5}Me{sub 5})U[N(SiMe{sub 3}){sub 2}]{sub 2}(4). An X-ray diffraction study of this molecule reveals that methyl groups frommore » both amido ligands are involved in agostic interactions with the uranium-(III) center.« less
On Improving Parallel RealTime Network Simulation for Hybrid Experimentation of Software Defined Networks

Real-time network simulation enables simulation to operate in real time, and in doing so allows experiments with simulated, emulated, and real network components acting in concert to test novel network applications or protocols. Real-time simulation can also run in parallel for largescale network scenarios, in which case network traffic is represented as simulation events passed as messages to remote simulation instances running on different machines. We note that substantial overhead exists in parallel real-time simulation to support synchronization and communication among distributed instances, which can significantly limit the performance and scalability of the hybrid approach. To overcome these challenges, we propose several techniques for improving the performance of parallel real-time simulation, by eliminating parallel synchronization and reducing communication overhead. Our experiments show that the proposed techniques can indeed improve the overall performance. In a use case, we demonstrate that our hybrid technique can be readily integrated for studies of software-defined networks.
THE PROGNOSTIC IMPACT OF TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION ON THE PULMONARY ARTERY SYSTOLIC PRESSURE

The long term impact of the transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) on the right sided filing pressures is not clearly identified. We aimed to evaluate the effect of TAVI on the estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) at 1 year post intervention. We queried our institutional TAVI
Direct observation of 2-D condensate formation

We confine atoms in a dipole trap formed by a sheet of light, resulting in a pancake-shaped cloud. We can image the transverse spatial distribution of atoms to observe local variations in the density, including vortices and anti-vortices. Using atom interferometry, we can determine the onset of spatial coherence. By performing evaporative cooling, for varying initial atom numbers, we observe the transition from thermal, to bimodal, to quasi-condensate, to 2D Bose-Einstein condensate.
The effect of multiple compliant layers at the fiber-matrix interface on residual thermal stresses in metal matrix composites

The large mismatch in thermoelastic properties of the fiber and matrix phases in advanced metal matrix composites, coupled with high consolidation temperatures, produces severe residual stresses that can be large enough to initiate microcracks in the matrix phase adjacent to the fiber/matrix interface. Previous investigations have demonstrated that the use of a compliant interfacial layer between fiber and matrix phases has the potential for reducing these residual stresses. In this paper, the influence of multiple compliant layers in reducing residual thermal stresses is investigated.
Partial Purification of an Estrophilic Protein from Calf Uterus

Publisher Summary In target tissues, 17β-estradiol and other estrogens have been shown to associate with two probably related proteins: a cytoplasmic protein sedimenting at about 8S and a nuclear protein extracted from the nuclear fraction by salt and sedimenting at about 5S. If slices of calf uterus are incubated in a medium without 17β-estradiol the estrogen binding protein is found in the soluble fraction of the uterine homogenate. Attempts to purify this protein have been hampered by the small amount of this substance in the uterus and by its instability and tendency to form large aggregates during storage, salt precipitation, or gel filtration. This chapter describes the progress in the partial purification of the cytoplasmic estrogen binding protein, or receptor, of calf uterus by a procedure, which circumvents its marked tendency to aggregation.
Forecasting a Storm: Divining Optimal Configurations using Genetic Algorithms and Supervised Learning

With the advent of Big Data platforms like Apache Storm, computations once deemed infeasible locally become possible at scale. However, doing so entails orchestrating powerful yet expensive clusters. With its focus on stream processing, Storm optimizes for low-latency and high throughput. However, to realize this goal and thereby maximize the utility of these clusters' resources, operators must execute these tasks under their optimal configurations. Yet, the search space for finding such configurations is so vast and time-consuming to explore so as to be effectively intractable due to issues like the temporal overhead of testing new candidate configurations, the sheer number of permutations of parameters within each configuration and their interdependence among each other. In order to efficiently cover the search space, we automate the process with genetic algorithms. Moreover, we fuse this technique not only with additional cluster information gleaned from JMX profiling and Storm performance data but also with classifiers constructed from training data from past executions of a plethora of Storm topologies. Utilizing a diverse set of Storm benchmark topologies as evaluation data, we show that the fully enhanced genetic algorithms can efficiently find configurations that perform on average 4.67x better than "rules of thumb"-derived manual baselines. Moreover, we demonstrate that our fully refined classifiers enhance the GA throughput on average across the topologies by 22% while reducing search time by a factor of 6.47x.
Making an Anti-Slavery Nation: Lincoln, Douglas, and the Battle over Freedom

Review of "Making an Anti-Slavery Nation: Lincoln, Douglas, and the Battle over Freedom" by Graham A. Peck
A STENTLESS APPROACH TO STEMI

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to delineate plaque versus thrombus in coronary arteries. A 27 year old male with recent hospitalization for community acquired pneumonia with normal echocardiogram at that time presented with acute onset of severe substernal chest pain with dyspnea,
Yogurt, cultured fermented milk, and health: a systematic review.

Consumption of yogurt and other fermented products is associated with improved health outcomes. Although dairy consumption is included in most dietary guidelines, there have been few specific recommendations for yogurt and cultured dairy products. A qualitative systematic review was conducted to determine the effect of consumption of fermented milk products on gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health, cancer risk, weight management, diabetes and metabolic health, and bone density using PRISMA guidelines. English language papers in PubMed were searched, with no date restrictions. In total, 1057 abstracts were screened, of which 602 were excluded owing to lack of appropriate controls, potential biases, and experimental design issues. The remaining 455 papers were independently reviewed by both authors and 108 studies were included in the final review. The authors met regularly to concur, through consensus, on relevance, methods, findings, quality, and conclusions. The included studies were published between 1979 and 2017. From the 108 included studies, 76 reported a favorable outcome of fermented milks on health and 67 of these were considered to be positive or neutral quality according to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics’ Quality Criteria Checklist. Of the 32 remaining studies, the study outcomes were either not significant (28) or unfavorable (4), and most studies (18) were of neutral quality. A causal relationship exists between lactose digestion and tolerance and yogurt consumption, and consistent associations exist between fermented milk consumption and reduced risk of breast and colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes, improved weight maintenance, and improved cardiovascular, bone, and gastrointestinal health. Further, an association exists between prostate cancer occurrence and dairy product consumption in general, with no difference between fermented and unfermented products. This article argues that yogurt and other fermented milk products provide favorable health outcomes beyond the milk from which these products are made and that consumption of these products should be encouraged as part of national dietary guidelines. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017068953.
Alcohol Abuse and Work Organizations

With notable exceptions, the problem of alcohol abuse and potentials for its control within work organizations has received relatively little attention from researchers and practitioners in the alcoholism field. Such attention has, however, burgeoned rapidly in the past several years, largely due to significant interest and financial investment from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). A set of concepts and assumptions originally articulated several decades ago has “come of age” and a large scale effort is underway to identify and provide assistance to problem drinkers within the setting of work organizations.
Displacement Imaging During Focused Ultrasound Median Nerve Modulation: A Preliminary Study in Human Pain Sensation Mitigation

Focused ultrasound (FUS)-based viscoelastic imaging techniques using high frame rate (HFR) ultrasound to track tissue displacement can be used for mechanistic monitoring of FUS neuromodulation. However, a majority of techniques avoid imaging during the active push transmit (interleaved or postpush acquisitions) to mitigate ultrasound interference, which leads to missing temporal information of ultrasound effects when FUS is being applied. Furthermore, critical for clinical translation, use of both axial steering and real-time ( $\mu \text{m}$ of nerve displacement was shown in on-target versus off-target sonications. The initial feasibility in healthy volunteers warrants further study for potential clinical translation of FUS for pain suppression.
Erratum to “Hadamard spaces with isolated flats”

The purpose of this erratum is to correct the proof of Theorem A.0.1 in the appendix to our paper “Hadamard spaces with isolated flats” which was jointly authored by Mohamad Hindawi, Hruska and Kleiner. In that appendix, many of the results of this paper about CAT(0) spaces with isolated flats are extended to a more general setting in which the isolated subspaces are not necessarily flats. However, one step of that extension does not follow from the argument we used the isolated flats setting. We provide a new proof that fills this gap.In addition, we give a more detailed account of several other parts of Theorem A.0.1, which were sketched in that appendix.