cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Direct, activating interaction between glycogen synthase kinase-3β and p53 after DNA damage

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is a central figure in Wnt signaling, in which its activity is controlled by regulatory binding proteins. Here we show that binding proteins outside the Wnt pathway also control the activity of GSK3β. DNA damage induced by camptothecin, which activates the tumor suppressor p53, was found to activate GSK3β. This activation occurred by a phosphorylation-independent mechanism involving direct binding of GSK3β to p53, which was confined to the nucleus where p53 is localized, and mutated p53 (R175H) bound but did not activate GSK3β. Activation of GSK3 promoted responses to p53 including increases in p21 levels and caspase-3 activity. Thus, after DNA damage there is a direct interaction between p53 and GSK3β, and these proteins act in concert to regulate cellular responses to DNA damage.
Effects of Glutamine, Glucose, and Oxygen Concentration on the Metabolism and Proliferation of Rabbit Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

The use of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for tissue engineering involves exposing them to metabolically adverse conditions. This study examined the metabolism, proliferation, and viability of ASCs under various oxygen, glucose, and glutamine concentrations to determine how these cells respond to such environments. ASCs were cultured in each of 8 media preparations containing 4.8 or 21.5 mM glucose, and 0, 2, 4, or 6 mM glutamine. The ASCs were cultured under normoxic (20% O(2)) and hypoxic (0.1% O(2)) conditions. Conditioned media were collected and assayed for glucose, glutamine, lactate, pyruvate, and glutamate. Cell proliferation and cell death were measured after 5 days of culture. ASCs remained metabolically active under all culture conditions; however, their proliferation rate was significantly reduced in the absence of glutamine. Hypoxia resulted in increased cell death. ASCs are a viable source of stem cells for tissue engineering purposes, although substantial challenges remain. These cells are able to survive in environments with limited oxygen and glutamine and thus may be able to survive brief periods of limited nutrient transport after implantation.
Dynamic hydrology and diagenesis of a submerged Pleistocene fringing reef, Discovery Bay, Jamaica

Abstract In the Discovery Bay area of north Jamaica, a Pleistocene fringing reef grew and was subsequently planed off as sea level rose to and fell from a highstand approximately 5 to 10 m below modern sea level between 132,000 and 147,000 yrs BP. Dynamic movement of seawater through the reef today, evidenced by flow of water in and out of open core holes, has caused precipitation of cements which overprint previous diagenetic fabrics in certain zones. In the reef-flat and distal fore-reef facies, where porosity is diffuse, modern water movement is slow and has had little effect on pre-existing diagenetic fabrics, which are dominantly vadose in texture. In facies with conduit porosity, as in the reef crest and proximal portions of the shallow fore-reef, seawater is channelized and high flow rates have resulted in the precipitation of substantial amounts of Holocene sparry high-magnesian calcite cements (15–18 mol% MgCO 3 ) up to 250 μm thick, resulting in incorporation of significant amounts of 14 C in the Pleistocene rocks. Smaller Mg-calcite crystals, having lower magnesium content, are characteristic of zones with diffuse porosity. The dynamic marine system apparently also favors the precipitation of dolomite. In zones of diffuse porosity, water motion within the reef results in the slow movement out of the man-made conduits. In zones of conduit porosity, such as in facies having highly localized permeability, water is sucked into open core holes in accordance with Bernoulli's Principle. It is not known to what depths such channelized flow occurs. Data from a recording current meter demonstrate that the driving force responsible for the dynamic hydrology has a strong tidal component. The tidal component is augmented by wind-driven waves and is probably superimposed on another, unidentified, current which contributes to the flow of water in the reef at all tidal stages.
Success with CSEMS

The National Science Foundation established the Computer Science, Engineering, and Mathematics Scholarship (CSEMS) grants to encourage and enable academically talented students who have financial need to enter the high technology workforce. This program was recently renamed the "NSF Scholarship in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (S-STEM)". The CSEMS program emphasizes the importance of recruiting students to high technology disciplines, mentoring and supporting students through degree completion, and partnering with industry to facilitate student career placement in the high technology workforce. All CSEMS programs involve students in different activities with the intention of fulfilling the stated national need. Our program, which began in 2002, has successfully used community building, undergraduate research, and mentoring to achieve the CSEMS goals. In this paper we elaborate on these successful experiences in the hope that others may apply them to existing CSEMS programs or to spur interest in starting new SSTEM programs. Furthermore, the activities discussed are easily applicable at the university department level.
The Multiple Socialization Of Organization Members

An integrated model is presented of three relatively distinct views of organizational socialization: the development of work skills and abilities; the acquisition of a set of appropriate role behaviors; and the adjustment to the work group's norms and values. A theoretical rationale is developed to explain the contingencies on which progress through the different socialization processes depend. Three attitudinal variables (general satisfaction, internal work motivation, job development) and three behavioral variables (carrying out role assignments dependably, remaining with the organization, innovation/spontaneous cooperation) are suggested as criteria for measuring progress in socialization.
Compositional and transcriptional properties of chromatins isolated from cardiac muscle of young-mature and old dogs.

Abstract Emphasis in the reported work was placed on compositionally defining before ransscribing the interphase chromosomes (chromatin) which were isolated from dense sucrose purified nuclei (relatively clean by phase microscopic examination) from the heart muscle of young-matute and old dogs. The chromatin preparations consistently had protein/DNA ratios ranging from 1·4 to 2·0 and RNA/DNA ratios of under 0·13, independent of the age, sex, or strain of the dog. Deoxyribonucleoprotein remaining intact after passage of chromatin through a Bio-Gel A-50m column equilibrated in 1·25 M NaCl and 0·001 M Tris (pH 8) consistantly had a protein/DNA ratio of around 0·5, independent of animal age, suggesting a contradiction to other work in this area which has indicated that chromosomal protein is more firmly bound to chromatin in older animals. Chromatin proteins extracted bu 0·2 N H2SO4 appeared visually to be separated into identical protein banding profiles on acrylamide electrophoresis gels regardless of animal age. The harnessing of the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) technique of Shirey and Huang (1969) to extarct proteins from chromatin, and of an SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoretic procedure to resolve the proteins was another approach used to study possible age dependence of the type or quantity of protein associated with chromatin. No major differences were found in the banding profiles from young-mature and old dogs subsequent to the SDS-electrophoresis. Along with the apparent lack of gross age-dependent compositional differences in the dog chromatins, no readily observable difference existed in the rates of their transcriptions.
Beta decay of 28P

Abstract The β + decay of 28 P has been studied with a Ge(Li)-NaI(Tl) escape-suppression spectrometer. The number of 28 Si γ-transitions observed following 28 P decay has been increased from 15 to 34. New β + branches were observed to 28 Si levels at 7416, 9796 and 10209 keV and sharper limits were placed on unobserved gb + transitions.
Enhanced protein thermostability from designed mutations that interact with alpha-helix dipoles.

Two different genetically engineered amino-acid substitutions designed to interact with α-helix dipoles in T4 lysozyme are shown to increase the thermal stability of the protein. Crystallographic analyses of the mutant lysozyme structures suggest that the stabilization is due to electrostatic interaction and does not require precise hydrogen bonding between the substituted amino acid and the end of the α-helix.
Effect of 4-N-acetyl-sulfisoxazole on the disposition of sulfisoxazole in the rat

The plasma protein binding of sulfisoxazole in the rat was found to be decreased in the presence of the major metabolite of sulfisoxazole, 4-N-acetyl-sulfisoxazole. This resulted in an increase in the total clearance and apparent volume of distribution of sulfisoxazole. However, both total and renal clearance of unbound drug from the body were decreased, indicating that the intrinsic ability to metabolize and renally eliminate sulfisoxazole is decreased by the presence of the major metabolite, 4-N-acetyl-sulfisoxazole.
The formation of NiSi from Ni2Si studied with a platinum marker

Abstract A 75 A platinum film was electron gun deposited onto a 1200 A nickel film on 〈100〉 silicon. With heat treatment at about 370 °C Ni 2 Si forms first, and some platinum diffusing through the Ni 2 Si to accumulate on the Ni 2 SiSi interface will act as a marker for the diffusing species during the following transformation from Ni 2 Si to NiSi. The position of the marker was studied by 2 MeV backscattering. The data are in agreement with a model in which the NiSi grows at both the NiSiSi and the NiSiNi 2 Si interfaces
Cross Section and Angular Distributions of the (d, p) and (d, n) Reactions in C12 from 1.8 to 6.1 Mev

The reaction C12(d, p)C13 has been studied from a deuteron bombarding energy of 1.8 to 6.1 Mev. Resonances were found at 2.47, 2.67, 2.99, 3.39, 4.00, 4.6, 4.8, 5.34, and 5.64 Mev. Angular distributions of protons leaving C13 in the ground state show a pronounced Butler peak at 25° over the entire deuteron energy range. The angular distributions can be explained by assuming small amplitudes for compound nucleus formation interfering with large stripping amplitudes. Angular distributions of the lower energy group of protons leaving C13 excited to 3.09 Mev show a pronounced Butler peak at 0° and an even smaller contribution of compound nucleus formation. The reaction C12(d, n)N13 was also studied, and showed similar resonances and angular distributions. An analysis is made of the phase difference between the resonant and nonresonant parts of the cross section for the (d, p) reaction near the resonance at 4.00 Mev.
Influence of surface oxidation on transmission electron microscopy characterization of Fe–Ga alloys

Abstract Fe–Ga alloys are rapidly oxidized when exposed in air, forming both amorphous and crystalline surface oxides. These oxides hinder the observation of the ordered phases of B2 and D0 3 in Fe–Ga alloys by dark-field imaging and high-resolution imaging of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Proper imaging techniques and reduction of surface oxides are necessary to obtain representative microstructural features to the bulk alloys by TEM.
Multichannel imaging to quantify four classes of pharmacokinetic distribution in tumors.

ABSTRACT Low and heterogeneous delivery of drugs and imaging agents to tumors results in decreased efficacy and poor imaging results. Systemic delivery involves a complex interplay of drug properties and physiological factors, and heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment makes predicting and overcoming these limitations exceptionally difficult. Theoretical models have indicated that there are four different classes of pharmacokinetic behavior in tissue, depending on the fundamental steps in distribution. In order to study these limiting behaviors, we used multichannel fluorescence microscopy and stitching of high‐resolution images to examine the distribution of four agents in the same tumor microenvironment. A validated generic partial differential equation model with a graphical user interface was used to select fluorescent agents exhibiting these four classes of behavior, and the imaging results agreed with predictions. BODIPY‐FL exhibited higher concentrations in tissue with high blood flow, cetuximab gave perivascular distribution limited by permeability, high plasma protein and target binding resulted in diffusion‐limited distribution for Hoechst 33342, and Integrisense 680 was limited by the number of binding sites in the tissue. Together, the probes and simulations can be used to investigate distribution in other tumor models, predict tumor drug distribution profiles, and design and interpret in vivo experiments. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:3276–3286, 2014
Balloon atrial septostomy in end-stage pulmonary hypertension guided by a novel intracardiac echocardiographic transducer.

Blade and balloon atrial septostomy has been used to reduce cardiopulmonary symptoms and as a bridge to lung or heart lung transplant in primary pulmonary hypertension. Due to severe right atrial dilatation and resultant loss of anatomical landmarks, the procedure is technically difficult, and the reported postprocedure mortality rate varies between 5% and 50%. Among others, marked systemic desaturation and systemic hypotension presumably secondary to an excessively large atrial septal defect have been reported as causes of postprocedure death. We report a case where a novel intracardiac catheter-based phased-array 5.5‐10 MHz transducer with spectral and color-flow Doppler capabilities was used to assist a balloon atrial septostomy and to obtain hemodynamic data in a patient with end-stage pulmonary hypertension. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:530 ‐534. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Crossing Conventions in Web-Based Art: Deconstruction as a Narrative Device

The author explores the thesis that crossing the boundaries of genre within a medium requires the reassignment of defining constructs and can be used as a tool for deconstructing the medium. In this process, elements considered impartial or invisible become consciously manipulated tools, deconstructed and reassigned as narrative devices. The author posits that this reassessment is essential for the continued development of any medium or genre and discusses reasons for its recent renewed prominence. The author traces convention-crossing in several media, revealing attributes that are redefined by subversions, and explores subversions of digital media constructs, before discussing his own forays into web-based works that hinge on the artifice of convention.
Nicotine induced c-fos expression in the striatum is mediated mostly by dopamine D1 receptor and is dependent on NMDA stimulation

The powerful psychostimulant and positive reinforcing effects of nicotine have been speculated to be mediated by the dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegemental area (VTA) and their terminals in the nucleus accumbens. To extend our understanding of nicotine and dopamine interactions, we mapped the pattern of c-fos expression in the striatum as an important marker of some of the earliest changes that occur at gene transcription level. Acute nicotine injections in rats led to Fos expression more prominently in the caudatoputamen than in the nucleus accumbens in a dose-dependent fashion. Fos-reactive cells were more prominent in the central and dorsomedial limbic caudatoputamen than in the dorsolateral sensory-motor striatum. Injections of mecamylamine completely blocked nicotine-induced Fos expression. Injections of the selective dopamine D1 antagonist SCH 23390, but not D2 antagonist YM 09151-2 or Clozapine, a drug with high affinity to D4 receptors, before nicotine injections, completely blocked Fos expression in the striatum. Nicotine induced Fos expression was also blocked completely by the NMDA receptor antagonists MK-801 and CPP. These results suggest that nicotine-induced Fos expression in the striatum is mediated mostly by dopamine D1 receptors and that the Fos expression is also dependent on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) stimulation.
Alternative initial proton acceptors for the D pathway of Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome c oxidase.

To characterize protein structures that control proton uptake, we assayed forms of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) containing a carboxyl or a thiol group in line with the initial, internal waters of the D pathway for proton transfer in the presence and absence of subunit III. Subunit III provides approximately half of the protein surrounding the entry region of the D pathway. The N139D/D132N mutant contains a carboxyl group 6 A within the D pathway and lacks the normal, surface-exposed proton acceptor, Asp-132. With subunit III, the steady-state activity of this mutant is slow, but once subunit III is removed, its activity is the same as that of wild-type CcO lacking subunit III (∼1800 H+/s). Thus, a carboxyl group∼25% within the pathway enhances proton uptake even though the carboxyl has no direct contact with bulk solvent. Protons from solvent apparently move to internal Asp-139 through a short file of waters, normally blocked by subunit III. Cys-139 also supports rapid steady-state proton uptake, demonstrating that an anion other than a carboxyl can attract and transfer protons into the D pathway. When both Asp-132 and Asp/Cys-139 are present, the removal of subunit III increases CcO activity to rates greater than that of normal CcO because of simultaneous proton uptake by two initial acceptors. The results show how the environment of the initial proton acceptor for the D pathway in these CcO forms dictates the pH range of CcO activity, with implications for the function of Asp-132, the normal proton acceptor.
TCP behavior over HFC cable modem access networks

Hybrid Fiber-Coax based CATV networks have the potential for two-way data services. Such network providers are presently re-inventing the CATV network to provide Internet access. This paper presents a simulation study of the dynamic behavior of TCP over HFC cable modem networks. We believe that this is the first such study as per our knowledge that considers asymmetry and its impact on TCP behavior. The performance of TCP connections with respect to flow control, adaptive retransmission mechanism and slow-start congestion control are studied and analyzed. In particular, we explain the dramatically different behavior and dynamics that are observed for TCP connections using interactive data (remote-login), bulk data (FTP) and Web traffic (HTTP). We further study and discuss the impact of several important TCP and system parameters to optimize performance in CATV networks.
Construction of mixed orthogonal arrays by juxtaposition

The method of juxtaposition is modified in the construction of mixed orthogonal arrays. Many new orthogonal arrays can be obtained by the modified method. Some of them have run size 100 or less.
Interpersonal Judgments: Moral Responsibility and Blame

A deterministic perspective, believing choices are a function of hereditary and environmental factors, could theoretically impact perceived moral responsibility and lead to decreased blame in judging others. However, little consistent support has been found relating individual differences in deterministic attitudes to blame/tolerance for others. Perhaps, though, providing information regarding past background hardships affecting an individual's current lifestyle could potentially mediate harsh moralistic judgments of that individual. In the two studies reported here, we further explored the relation of free will/determinism scales to attitudes toward others as well as the effect of manipulating background information on the assignment of blame. As in previous research, little support was found for the relation of deterministic attitudes to tolerance toward others. However, judgments following manipulated information about hypothetical target persons supported the conclusion that target individuals are bla...
A fully integrated Kinetic Monte Carlo/Molecular Dynamics approach for the simulation of soot precursor growth

The emphasis in this paper is on presenting a new methodology, together with some illustrative applications, for the study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polymerization leading to soot, widely recognized as a very important and challenging combustion problem. The new code, named fully integrated Kinetic Monte Carlo/Molecular Dynamics (KMC/MD), places the two simulation procedures on an equal footing and involves alternating between KMC and MD steps during the simulation. The KMC/MD simulations are used in conjunction with high-level quantum chemical calculations. With traditional kinetic rates and dealing with the growth of particles, it is often necessary to perform a lurnping procedure in which much atomic-scale information is lost. Our KMC/MD approach is designed to preserve atomic-scale structure: a single particle evolves in time with real three-dimensional structure (bonds, bond angles, dihedralangles). In this paper, the methodology is illustrated by a sample simulation of high molecular mass compound growth in an environment (T, H, H 2 , naphthalene, and acenaphthylene concentrations) of a low-pressure laminar premixed benzene/oxygen/argon flame with an equivalence ratio of 1.8. The use of this approach enables the investigation of the physical (e.g., porosity, density, sphericity) as well as chemical (e.g. H/C, aromatic moieties, number of cross-links) properties.
Intraneuronal Ion Distribution during Experimental Oxygen/Glucose Deprivation: Routes of Ion Flux as Targets of Neuroprotective Strategies

Ischemic neuronal injury appears to be mediated by disruption of subcellular ion distribution and, therefore, prevention of ion relocation might be neuroprotective. X-ray microanalysis was used to measure concentrations of Na, K, Ca and other elements in subcellular compartments (e.g., mitochondria) of CA1 neurons from oxygen/glucose-deprived (OGD) hippocampal slices. Results showed that OGD produced progressive loss of ion regulation in CA1 cells. Post-OGD reperfusion with normal media exacerbated the initial ion deregulation. To study neuroprotective mechanisms, we determined the ability of hypothermia (31 degrees C) or ion channel blockade to retard intraneuronal ion disruption induced by OGD/reperfusion. Whereas Ca2+ channel blockade (omega-conotoxin MVIIC, 3 microM) was ineffective, hypothermia and Na+ channel blockers (tetrodotoxin, TTX, 1 microM; lidocaine, 200 microM) reduced ion deregulation in subneuronal compartments. Blockade of glutamate receptors (AMPA, 10 microM; the non-NMDA receptor antagonist CNQX, 10 microM/100 microM glycine; the NMDA receptor antagonist CCP, 100 microM) during OGD/reperfusion provided nearly complete protection. These findings provide a foundation for identifying potential pharmacotherapeutic approaches and for discerning corresponding mechanisms of neuroprotection.
Nuclear matter distributions for 16,17,18O from a microscopic analysis of elastic proton scattering

Abstract An analysis of 65 MeV elastic proton scattering by 16,17,18 O has been made in terms of a reformulated optical model. Matter distributions for 17 O and 18 O have been obtained relative to 16 O. The results for the rms matter radii are R 17 − R 16 = 0.04±0.03 fm and R 18 − R 16 = 0.35± 0.07 fm.
Internal-external scores and success on an ESP task.

Rotter's I-E Control Scale (1966) was designed to measure individual differences in generalized attitude regarding locus of control. High scorers on this scale, "Externals," are characterized as persons who believe that outcomes of situations are controlled primarily by luck, fate or other external forces. Low scorers, "Internals," are characterized as persons who believe that the3r own behavior is most responsible in determining the outcomes of situations. Several studies (Rotter & Mulry, 1965; Rotter, 1966; Brecher & Denmark, 1969) have found that perception of the situation as controlled by luck or by the individual's own behavior led to predictable differences in behavior of externals and internals. Rotter and Mulry (1965) have suggested that externals, who believe in chance and luck in determining outcomes of situations, may also be more concerned with superstitions, signs of good and bad luck and probably consult horoscopes and fortune tellers. Therefore, one might hypothesize chat acrernals would do better than internals on tasks not simply identified as chance or luck tasks but as tasks requiring extrasensory ability. The present study was designed to test such an hypothesis. Ninety-six Lehman Colleg students (35 males; 61 females) between the ages of 18 and 22 served as Ss.
Glucose transport system in UMR-106-01 osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells: regulation by insulin.

Insulin is a potent stimulator of collagen synthesis and other osteoblastic cell functions. In various insulin-sensitive tissues, stimulation of glucose transport and glycolytic metabolism are hallmarks of insulin action and may play a role in insulin regulation of cellular function. However, the effects of insulin on glucose metabolism in osteoblastlike cells have not been defined. We therefore characterized 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) transport in UMR-106-01 rat osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells and examined its regulation by insulin. 2-DG (0.1 mM) uptake was shown to be linear with time over 45 minutes, temperature-sensitive, and inhibited by phloridzin. Competitive inhibition studies against other hexoses demonstrated a transport system stereospecificity for 2-DG similar to that previously demonstrated in fat and muscle cells. Kinetic analysis of 15 minute 2-DG uptake at 25°C demonstrated a saturable transport mechanism with a Km (1.9 mM) similar to that observed for 2-DG transport in other tissues. Insulin stimulated 2-DG transport in a dose-related manner, with significant stimulation observed at 0.5 nM and maximal effect observed at 50 nM insulin. The stimulatory effect of insulin was reversibly inhibited by cytochalasin B (50 μM). Insulin stimulation of 2-DG transport was associated with a 1.7-fold increase in Vmax, while Km remained constant. When insulin effects on glucose transport were inhibited by the addition of 5 mM phloridzin, stimulatory effects on DNA and collagen synthesis were diminished, suggesting that stimulation of glucose transport may play a role in insulin effects on replication and function in osteoblast-like cells.
Third-order hyperpolarizabilities of conjugated inorganic polymers

Abstract Third-order hyperpolarizabilities were calculated using the Huckel Hamiltonian and third-order perturbation theory for a series of phosphonitrilic compounds, (X 2 P-N) n , as a function of bond length alternation and ligand substitution. Phosphonitrilic compounds show hyperpolarizabilities comparable to those reported for organic species, and are modulated by ligand group electronegativity. In contrast to organic polyenes, the difference in π orbital energy between phosphorus and nitrogen is critical to determining the onset of saturation and the magnitude of the hyperpolarizability.
MEASUREMENTS OF SUBMICRON FOG PARTICLES GENERATED IN A NOZZLE

Measurements were made of the size and relative number of particles condensed in a "large" supersonic nozzle. Stagnation temperature was held at 528°R and stagnation pressure was varied from ~ 1/3 to ~ 2/3 atm with the water as the condensing vapor. The mass fraction of water vapor was varied from ~8 x 10 -3 to ~30 × 10 -3. The size of particles was determined by measurement of light scattered at two angles, making use of the Mie solution for particles above the maximum size for Rayleigh scattering. The size of particles measured was found to be an order of magnitude larger than previously, with radii from ~ 200 to ~ 700 A. It was found that the initial partial pressure of vapor was the best correlating parameter with particle size over the total pres- sure range, and that the relative number of particles decreased by an order of magnitude as the mass fraction increased. Static pressure measured in the test section of the nozzle showed an in- crease with initial mass fraction of vapor which was approximately linear. When a superheated vapor is expanded rapidly, as in a nozzle or a free jet, it will reach a saturation point as the temperature drops. If the medium is relatively "clean" there will not be sufficient surface for the condensation necessary to maintain equilibrium and the medium will become supersaturated. Further expansion results in condensation from spontaneous (homogeneous) nucleation. In the nozzle the fluid expands by an adiabatic process not unlike that which occurs when free air masses move from a high pressure region to one of lower pressure. The nozzle contour determines the rate of the expansion and hence the rate of condensation. Such condensation is an important consideration in turbines, molecular beams, wind tunnels and combustion. The classical theory for predicting homogeneous condensation, of Frenkel (1956), which has been employed most extensively for comparison with the experimental measurements cannot predict parameters for any given physical event but has been used for determining qualitative effects of parameters by Griffen and Sherman (1965), Chmielewski and Sher- man (1970), and for extending the usefulness of the experimental data. Much more data are needed before any theory can be properly tested. The primary purpose of the present measurements was to obtain new data, in particular, to determine of size of particles con-
Space/Time Analysis of Fecal Pollution and Rainfall in an Eastern North Carolina Estuary

The Newport River Estuary (NPRE) is a high-priority shellfish harvesting area in eastern North Carolina that is impaired due to fecal contamination, specifically exceeding recommended levels for fecal coliforms. A hydrologic-driven mean trend model was developed, as a function of antecedent rainfall, in the NPRE to predict levels of Escherichia coli (EC, measured as a proxyforfecal coliforms). This mean trend model was integrated in a Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) framework to produce informative space/time (S/T) maps depicting fecal contamination across the NPRE during winter and summer months. These maps showed that during dry winter months, corretponding to the oyster harvesting season in North Carolina (October 1-March 30), predicted EC concentrations were below the shellfish harvesting standard (14 MPN/100 mL). However, after substantial rainfall of 3.81 cm (1.5 in.), the NPRE did not appear to mee this requirement. Warmer months resulted in the predicted EC concentrations exceeding the threshold for the NPRE. Predicted ENT concentrations were generally below the recreational water quality threshold (104 MPN/100 mL), except for warmer months after substantial rainfall. Once established, this combined approach produces near real-time visual information on which to base water quality management decisions.
Interobserver variability when employing the IUGA/ICS classification system for complications related to prostheses and grafts in female pelvic floor surgery

To unify and organize reporting, an International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) expert consortium published terminology guidelines with a classification system for complications related to implants used in female pelvic surgery. We hypothesize that the complexity of the codification system may be a hindrance to precision, especially with decreasing levels of postgraduate expertise. Residents, fellows, and attending physicians were asked to code seven test cases taken from published literature. Category, timing, and site components of the classification system were assessed independently and according to the level of training. Interobserver reliability was calculated as percent agreement and Fleiss’ kappa statistic. A total of 24 participants (6 attending physicians, 3 fellows, and 15 residents) were tested. The percent agreement showed significant variation when classified by level of training. In all categories, attending physicians had the greatest percentage agreement and largest kappa. The most agreement was seen when attending physicians classified mesh complications by time, 71 % agreement with kappa 0.73 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.58–0.88]. For the same task, the percentage agreement for fellows was 57 %, kappa 0.55 (95 % CI 0.23–0.87) and with residents 57 %, kappa 0.71([95 % CI 0.64–0.78). Interestingly, the site component of the classification system had the least overall agreement and lowest kappa [0 %, kappa 0.29 (95 % CI 0.26–0.32)] followed by the category component [14 %, kappa 0.48 (95 % CI 0.46–0.5)]. The IUGA/ICS mesh complication classification system has poor interobserver reliability. This trended downward with decreasing postgraduate level; however, we did not have sufficient statistical power to show an association when stratifying by all training levels. This highlights the complex nature of the classification system in its current form and its limitation for widespread clinical and research application.
Comparative Evaluation of Two Sets of Social Indicators

An earlier and a subsequent study which constructed two sets of social indicators for Charlotte, N.C. during the past two years are here examined and compared as part of an effort directed to the development of a general methodological approach for synthesizing and selecting between various indicators at local government levels. Five measurement tests are used to compare the two sets. The tests are based upon two criteria: correspondence and correctness. Four tests apply the former criterion; one test applies the latter. Although the results show the superiority of the more recent study, the more essential purpose is to illustrate a potentially useful approach to evaluating social indicators which is independent of the local public policy making process and is amenable to computerization. Although many of the tests employed cannot be brought to a completely satisfactory resolution at the present moment, the evaluation methodology can be regarded as a start toward a needed approach to assist systems analysts and local officials concerned with municipal information systems in constructing more reliable and accurate social indicators.
A Bayesian method for 3D estimation of subcellular particle features in multi-angle TIRF microscopy

Multi-angle total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (MA-TIRFM) is a relatively new and powerful tool to study subcellular particles near cell membrane due to its unique illumination mechanism. We present a MAP-Bayesian method to automatically estimate features of individual particles in MA-TIRF images, including 3D positions, relative sizes, and relative amount of fluorophores. Using the MAP criterion, the optimal values of the features can be obtained by maximizing a nonlinear functional. Initial feature values are estimated by using image filters and clustering algorithms. The method is evaluated on synthetic data and results show that it has high accuracy. The result on real data from our initial experiments is also presented.
Pragmatic inferences modulate N400 during sentence comprehension: evidence from picture-sentence verification.

Abstract The present study examines the online realization of pragmatic meaning using event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants read sentences including the English quantifier some , which has both a semantic meaning ( at least one ) and a pragmatic meaning ( not all ). Unlike previous ERP studies of this phenomenon, sentences in the current study were evaluated not in terms of their truth with respect to the real world, but in terms of their consistency with a picture presented before the sentence. Sentences (such as “The boy cut some of the steaks in this story”) were constructed such that either (1) both the semantic and pragmatic interpretations were true with respect to the preceding picture (when the boy in fact cut some but not all of the steaks); (2) neither interpretation was true (when the boy in fact cut none of the steaks); or (3) the semantic interpretation was true but the pragmatic interpretation false (when the boy in fact cut all of the steaks). ERPs at the object word, which determined whether the sentence was consistent with the story, showed the largest N400 effect for objects that made the sentence false, whereas they showed an intermediate effect for objects that made the sentence false under the pragmatic interpretation but true under the semantic interpretation. The results suggest that this pragmatic aspect of meaning is computed online and integrated into the sentence model rapidly enough to influence comprehension of later words.
PREDICTORS OF NET ADVERSE CLINICAL EVENTS POST BALLOON AORTIC VALVULOPLASTY: RESULTS FROM THE BRAVO (EFFECT OF BIVALIRUDIN ON AORTIC VALVE INTERVENTION OUTCOMES) STUDY

Pts with severe aortic stenosis at extreme risk for surgery can have balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) for treatment of symptoms, or as a temporizing step prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement. However, post-procedural complications such as bleeding, vascular complications and stroke are
Generation of elliptically polarized THz waves

We demonstrate generation of elliptically polarized multi-cycle THz waves via optical rectification in a periodically-poled lithium niobate. Ellipticity is controlled by the time delay between the two linearly and perpendicularly polarized optical pulses irradiating on the nonlinear crystal.
Persistent Hypoxia After Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Thromboembolism

Acute respiratory failure in the perioperative period represents a frequent challenge to the anesthesiologist. The differential diagnosis is extensive and includes alterations on the pulmonary parenchyma, pulmonary vessels, airway, and cardiac system. Occasionally, two or more pathophysiological process superimpose. We present a patient who suffered from a left pulmonary embolism that was appropriately diagnosed and treated. However, the hypoxemia persisted and a second pathology was suspected. After careful evaluation and differential diagnosis, we drained a right pleural effusion, which had been present preoperatively, with resolution of the hypoxemia. There is controversy in the literature as to the role of drainage of pleural effusions on improving oxygenation. We present this case as an example of successful management of perioperative respiratory failure by thoracentesis in the presence of a second concurrent pathologic process.
Resonantly enhanced high-order harmonic generation

The role of multiphoton resonances in the formation of the `plateau,' characteristic of high- order harmonic generation, is examined by a series of experiments on both above-threshold ionization and harmonic generation in the rare gases. The shift of intermediate states in and out of resonance by ac Stark effect plays an essential role in the production of high-order harmonic radiation and is found to be responsible for the initiation of the plateau.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The multiple faces of lymphoma of the musculoskeletal system

Musculoskeletal manifestations of lymphoma cover a broad spectrum of disease findings with varying degrees of involvement of bone and soft tissue. This pictorial essay will illustrate and review the range of manifestations of lymphoma of the musculoskeletal system. Several unique cases of soft tissue lymphoma will be included to aid with the less familiar and atypical imaging features. Knowledge of the multitude of radiographic manifestations of the disease is critical for enhanced detection, improved diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning, and avoidance of imaging pitfalls.
The Big Data Problem: Turning Maps into Knowledge

In this NeuroView, Engert discusses the challenges for the connectomics field in making insights about brain function from big data.
Evaluation of neuraminidase inhibitors in the human experimental infection model

Abstract Determining the effect of antiviral agents against influenza in the field is made more difficult by the need to find infected individuals early in the course of illness and by the seasonal nature of influenza epidemics. One method that can be used to generate preliminary data in humans quickly is the experimental infection model. In these studies, healthy adults are selected for relative susceptibility by serum antibody levels and infected intranasally or by aerosol with a well-characterized pool of wild-type influenza virus. Under these conditions, the majority of subjects will be infected and develop a mild, influenza-like illness, accompanied by recovery of virus from the nasopharynx. This model has been used to evaluate antiviral agents, including neuraminidase inhibitors, for both prophylaxis and treatment. In general, the results of experimental infection studies have been predictive of subsequent results in the field, making this a useful system for initial testing of potential antivirals.
Early indicators of prognosis in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Objective Endoscopy allows accurate risk stratification of patients presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding; frequently, however, it is not immediately available. Initial management and triage of patients thus depends on nonendoscopic information. We sought to risk stratify patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding using variables available on initial presentation ( i.e. , before endoscopy). Methods A retrospective observational study was performed using data from 335 admissions with an initial diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. All patients underwent endoscopy and were evaluated for an adverse outcome during their hospitalization. An adverse outcome was defined as death, the need for any operation, recurrent hematemesis, recurrent melena after initial clearing, or a hematocrit falling despite transfusion. Results Univariate analysis identified 17 distinct variables associated ( p p Conclusion Risk stratification is possible from information available at the time of initial presentation. If confirmed in other populations, these predictors can be used to identify patients who require a less intensive level of care.
Pilot study of Mylotarg, idarubicin and cytarabine combination regimen in patients with primary resistant or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia.

Abstract Purpose. Mylotarg has moderate activity as a single agent in patients with CD33-positive refractory or relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). A combination of an anthracycline and cytarabine (ara-C) is the core of most AML induction regimens. We conducted a pilot study of Mylotarg combined with idarubicin and ara-C in patients with refractory or relapsed AML. Methods. Mylotarg was administered at 6 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 15, idarubicin 12 mg/m2 daily on days 2 through 4, and ara-C at 1.5 g/m2 daily on days 2 through 5 (MIA) Results. Of 14 patients were treated, 4 (29%) had primary resistant AML, and 10 (71%) relapsed AML. The median age of the patients was 61 years (range 34–74 years). MIA induced complete remission (CR) in three patients (21%) and CR with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp) in three patients (21%). The median survival was 8 weeks (range 2–64 weeks), and the median failure-free survival of CR patients was 27 weeks (range 11–64 weeks). All patients developed grade 3/4 myelosuppression – severe sepsis occurred in ten patients (71%). Other grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicities included hepatic transaminitis, oral mucositis, and diarrhea. Two patients (14%) developed hepatic venoocclusive disease (VOD). Conclusions. The addition of Mylotarg to idarubicin and ara-C is feasible. MIA has significant activity in patients with refractory AML. Hepatotoxicity and VOD are significant toxicities of Mylotarg-based combinations.
Fractal analysis of mammographic lesions : A feasibility study quantifying the difference between benign and malignant masses

The increased use of screening mammography has led to increased pressure to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Even those lesions considered "suspicious" by qualitative radiologists' interpretations may prove malignant in less than 30% of cases. Fractal analysis is a mathematical technique that quantifies complex shapes. The hypothesis tested is that fractal analysis can quantify the difference between the shapes of benign and malignant lesions as imaged by mammography. Ten mammograms from patients with biopsy-proven invasive ductal carcinoma and 10 mammograms from patients with biopsy-proven benign disease were compared using the box-counting technique of fractal analysis. The fractal dimension of the mediolateral and craniocaudal views were added together to derive the composite fractal dimension. Statistical analysis was done using the Mann-Whitney U test. The median composite fractal dimension for benign lesions was 1.831 (range 1.359-2.009) and for malignant lesions 2.477 (range 2.084-3.158) (P or = 2.084. In this sample of 10 mammograms of malignant lesions versus 10 mammograms of benign masses, the composite fractal dimension was perfectly discriminatory. Fractal analysis may be useful to evaluate mammographically discovered breast masses. A blinded, prospective trial will be needed to determine its ultimate usefulness.
Ecological Restoration as Public Spiritual Practice

The practice of ecological restoration is the attempt to repair ecosystems that have been damaged or degraded, most often by past human activities. Restoration includes everything from removing dams to planting native trees, grasses and wildflowers to bio-reactivating soil to controlling invasive plants to recontouring land. Beyond this, ecological restoration is the attempt to restore humans' relationship with nature. In the actual activities of restoring land, humans are in important ways restored to land. This paper argues that one of the ways in which restoration practice reconnects humans to nature is in a spiritual-moral sense. In addition to performing ecological work, restoration performs sacred work and serves as a form of public witness; and it can engender spiritual-moral experiences within participants. For these reasons, we can view restoration not only as a promising contemporary environmental practice, but also as a burgeoning public spiritual practice.