cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding Pea Monodehydroascorbate Reductase.

Monodehydroascorbate radicals are generated in plant cells enzymatically by the hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzyme, ascorbate peroxidase, and nonenzymatically via the univalent oxidation of ascorbate by superoxide, hydroxyl, and various organic radicals. Regeneration of ascorbate is achieved by monodehydroascorbate reductase (EC 1.6.5.4) using NAD(P)H as an electron donor or, alternatively, by a set of two coupled reactions requiring dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, glutathione, and NAD(P)H. As monodehydroascorbate reductase is a key enzyme in maintaining reduced pools of ascorbate, an important antioxidant, we undertook this study to learn more about its structure, function, and regulation. Herein we report the molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding monodehydroascorbate reductase of pea (Pisum sativum L.). The cDNA encodes a 433-amino acid polypeptide that shows, respectively, 73 and 87% identity with peptide fragments from soybean and cucumber monodehydroascorbate reductase. Monodehydroascorbate reductase contains the NAD(P)H and FAD binding domains of other flavin oxidoreductases. The cloned enzyme lacks a transit peptide, but the sequence of the carboxyl terminus is Ser-Lys-Ile, similar to the targeting motif found in peroxisomal proteins. When expressed in Escherichia coli fused to maltose-binding protein, monodehydroascorbate reductase has enzymatic properties comparable with purified soybean and cucumber monodehydroascorbate reductase. Northern blot analysis shows that the monodehydroascorbate reductase transcript is 1.6 kilobase in size and is expressed at relatively low levels in all plant tissues examined.
Bayesian Causal Mediation Analysis for Group Randomized Designs with Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Effects: Simulation and Case Study

A fully Bayesian approach to causal mediation analysis for group-randomized designs is presented. A unique contribution of this article is the combination of Bayesian inferential methods with G-computation to address the problem of heterogeneous treatment or mediator effects. A detailed simulation study shows that this approach has excellent frequentist properties, particularly in the case of small sample sizes with accurate informative priors. The simulation study also demonstrates that the proposed approach can take into account heterogeneous treatment or mediator effects without bias. A case study using data from a school-based randomized intervention designed to increase parent social capital leading to improved behavioral and academic outcomes in children is offered to illustrate the Bayesian approach to causal mediation in group-randomized designs.
Towards Self-Exploring Discriminating Features

Many visual learning tasks are usually confronted by some common difficulties. One of them is the lack of supervised information, due to the fact that labeling could be tedious, expensive or even impossible. Such scenario makes it challenging to learn object concepts from images. This problem could be alleviated by taking a hybrid of labeled and unlabeled training data for learning. Since the unlabeled data characterize the joint probability across different features, they could be used to boost weak classifiers by exploring discriminating features in a selfsupervised fashion. Discriminant-EM (D-EM) attacks such problems by integrating discriminant analysis with the EM framework. Both linear and nonlinear methods are investigated in this paper. Based on kernel multiple discriminant analysis (KMDA), the nonlinear D-EM provides better ability to simplify the probabilistic structures of data distributions in a discrimination space. We also propose a novel data-sampling scheme for efficient learning of kernel discriminants. Our experimental results showthat D-EM outperforms a variety of supervised and semi-supervised learning algorithms for many visual learning tasks, such as content-based image retrieval and invariant object recognition.
Code offload with least context migration in the mobile cloud

Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) is of particular importance to address the contradiction between the increasing complexity of user applications and the limited lifespan of mobile device's battery, by offloading the computational workloads from local devices to the remote cloud. Current offloading schemes either require the programmer's annotations, which restricts its wide application; or transmits too much unnecessary data, resulting bandwidth and energy waste. In this paper, we propose a novel method-level offloading methodology to offload local computational workload with as least data transmission as possible. Our basic idea is to identify the contexts which are necessary to the method execution by parsing application binaries in advance and applying this parsing result to selectively migrate heap data while allowing successful method execution remotely. Our implementation of this design is built upon Dalvik Virtual Machine. Our experiments and evaluation against applications downloaded from Google Play show that our approach can save data transmission significantly comparing to existing schemes.
Persistent Abdominal Symptoms Post-Travel: Lessons Learned

In this edition of The Journal of Travel Medicine , Nair and colleagues report that a significant percentage of patients experience persistent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, specifically abdominal pain and change in bowel habits, following an episode of travelers' diarrhea (TD).1 What makes the Nair study unique is the pathogen‐specific survey identifying the first direct evidence suggesting enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) as a trigger of post‐TD functional abdominal symptoms. Equally important is the evaluation of a multitude of GI symptoms post‐TD, rather than the more circumscribed syndrome of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI‐IBS). The accumulation of such specific data on many and varied GI symptoms resists a common and limiting tendency to focus on a single disease diagnosis, such as that of PI‐IBS. Instead, it allows us to look at a panoply of symptoms which may be directly related to a pathogenic microorganism, or which may be indirectly related, or even, perhaps, not related at all. The study also frames the challenges inherent in the attribution of disease causation for a subjectively defined illness with an often unidentified exposure. One of the major challenges of such studies is accounting for the large number of individuals who have preexisting GI disease prior to their travels. For example, IBS affects up to 15% of individuals in industrialized countries,2 many of which may not have been previously diagnosed. Thus, in any evaluation of subjects with post‐TD GI symptoms, a clear and accurate determination of the status of each subject's GI tract prior to travel and after the episode of TD is imperative. Was the subject … Corresponding Author: Bradley A. Connor, MD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 50 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA. E‐mail: bconnor1{at}gmail.com
A simulation study of motor unit electrical and mechanical relations for the first dorsal interosseous muscle in man

Two different relations between motor unit electrical and mechanical properties were used to simulate isometric force and surface EMG signals of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle in man: 1) motor unit action potential (MUAP) amplitude was linearly proportional to the square root of twitch force; 2) MUAP amplitude was linearly proportional to twitch force. The EMG amplitude-force relations that emerged from simulations indicated that the experimentally observed linear EMG amplitude-force relation was most likely due to the linear electrical and mechanical relation at motor unit level. When MUAP amplitude was proportional to the square root of twitch force, the amplitude of the simulated surface EMG increased slower than force, which was unlike that observed experimentally. The simulation results also suggested that estimating the number of MUAP's in the surface EMG may be a more physiologically meaningful surface EMG processing approach than the prevailing surface EMG amplitude measurements.
Costs and cost-effectiveness of a mental health intervention for war-affected young persons: decision analysis based on a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND One billion children live in war-affected regions of the world. We conducted the first cost-effectiveness analysis of an intervention for war-affected youth in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as a broader cost analysis. METHODS The Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI) is a behavioural treatment for reducing functional impairment associated with psychological distress among war-affected young persons. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Freetown, Sierra Leone, from July 2012 to July 2013. Participants (n = 436, aged 15-24) were randomized to YRI (n = 222) or care as usual (n = 214). Functional impairment was indexed by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale; scores were converted to quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). An 'ingredients approach' estimated financial and economic costs, assuming a societal perspective. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were also expressed in terms of gains across dimensions of mental health and schooling. Secondary analyses explored whether intervention effects were largest among those worst-off (upper quartile) at baseline. RESULTS Retention at 6-month follow-up was 85% (n = 371). The estimated economic cost of the intervention was $104 per participant. Functional impairment was lower among YRI recipients, compared with controls, following the intervention but not at 6-month follow-up, and yielded an ICER of $7260 per QALY gained. At 8-month follow-up, teachers' interviews indicated that YRI recipients observed higher school enrolment [P < 0.001, odds ratio (OR) 8.9], denoting a cost of $431 per additional school year gained, as well as better school attendance (P = 0.007, OR 34.9) and performance (P = 0.03, effect size = -1.31). Secondary analyses indicated that the intervention was cost-effective among those worst-off at baseline, yielding an ICER of $3564 per QALY gained. CONCLUSIONS The YRI is not cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of three times average gross domestic product per capita. However, results indicate that the YRI translated into a range of benefits, such as improved school enrolment, not captured by cost-effectiveness analysis. We also outline areas for modification to improve cost-effectiveness in future trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: RPCGA-YRI-21003.
Impact of Corrosion Test Container Material in Molten Fluorides

The effects of crucible material choice on alloy corrosion rates in immersion tests in molten LiF–NaF–KF (46.5–11.5-42 mol. %) salt held at 850 °C for 500 hrs are described. Four crucible materials were studied. Molten salt exposures of Incoloy-800H in graphite, Ni, Incoloy-800H, and pyrolytic boron nitride (PyBN) crucibles all led to weight-loss in the Incoloy-800H coupons. Alloy weight loss was ~30 times higher in the graphite and Ni crucibles in comparison to the Incoloy-800H and PyBN crucibles. It is hypothesized galvanic coupling between the alloy coupons and crucible materials contributed to the higher corrosion rates. Alloy salt immersion in graphite and Ni crucibles had similar weight-loss hypothesized to occur due to the rate limiting out diffusion of Cr in the alloys to the surface where it reacts with and dissolves into the molten salt, followed by the reduction of Cr from solution at the molten salt and graphite/Ni interfaces. As a result, both the graphite and the Ni crucibles provided sinks for the Cr, in the formation of a Ni–Cr alloy in the case of the Ni crucible, and Cr carbide in the case of the graphite crucible.
Residual Stresses in Bonded Armor Tiles for In-Vessel Fusion Components

Abstract The residual stresses in a bonded tile/substrate structure were analyzed using both analytical and finite element methods. Beam theory and 2-D elasticity solutions were compared and the latter was found to be more accurate, due to inadequate boundary conditions used in beam theories. Agreement between variational elasticity and finite element solutions was favorable, but the increased flexibility of finite element codes makes them superior when non-linear problems are considered. The response of the calculated stress states to changes in various model dimensions and material parameters was studied parametrically. In general, dimensional changes were found to be significant only for short, thin tiles.
A rate-dependent thermodynamical model for rapid granular flows

Abstract The averaged equations of balance and the Clausius-Duhem inequality for the rapid granular flows are considered and the thermodynamics of the mean motion is studied. On the basis of the averaged entropy inequality, constitutive equations including a rate-dependent one for the stress tensor are formulated. For spherical nearly elastic particles, the material coefficients are evaluated. The special case of a simple shear flow is analyzed in detail. The predicted stresses are compared with the available digital simulation data for a range of solid volume fractions and reasonable agreement is observed. It is shown that the rate-dependent model properly predicts the observed normal stress effects for rapid granular flows in simple shear.
Molecular Capsules in Modular Frameworks

In a rare example of crystal engineering through empirical design, the metric and symmetry complementarity between the four sulfonates appended to the upper rim of tetrasulfonated calix[4]arenes and the sulfonate nodes of the guanidinium-sulfonate hydrogen-bonded sheet permits the formation of single crystals comprising antiparallel interdigitated arrays of calixarene capsules embedded in discrete bilayers wherein each calixarene is suspended from a single guanidinium-sulfonate sheet through four sulfonate attachments. A hydrate of the parent compound tetraguanidinium calix[4]arenetetrasulfonate, in which water occupies the calixarene as well as positions in the hydrogen-bonded sheet, undergoes a single crystal-single crystal phase transition with loss of all water molecules, but with remarkable retention of crystallinity. These compounds suggest a path to a new class of crystalline materials with molecular capsules that can be tailored for selective guest inclusion for separations and regulation of solid...
Submarine detection in an alternating magnetic field

The paper describes a series of tests of the disturbance caused in a uniform alternating magnetic field by an incoming magnetic mass looking to the development of a device for the detection of enemy submarines. Detection tests in the laboratory with submarine models 10 ft. long are in agreement with underlying theory and may be used as a basis for the design of larger equipment. Detection tests on steel hulls from shore equipment and from equipment installed on a wooden submarine chaser 110 ft. long are in good agreement with results predicted from a formula developed in the laboratory tests. By sufficient increases in the size of the equipment it is possible, in quiet water, to detect a steel vessel 200 ft. long at a distance of 500 ft. The weight of equipment required would be about 8000 lb. Distances of detection in the neighborhood of 200 ft. were obtained in quiet water with equipment weighing 4500 lb. installed on a wooden submarine chaser 110 ft. long. The reliability of the system of detection is immediately impaired by motion of the vessel, due to her engines, heavy sea, and changes of course, or speed. The results mentioned involve the use of amplifier tubes for enlarging the signal. Without the amplifier the distances of detection are very short, even when a large magnet or large detecting coil and an extremely sensitive detecting instrument are used. With amplifier, detecting coil and detecting instrument higher sensitivities may be reached than can be used in the detection tests. Disturbances in the detecting system fix the limit for increasing sensitivity. These disturbances are amplified and appear in the detecting instrument as larger than the signal sought.
Effects of cell entrapment on growth rate and metabolic activity of pure cultures commonly found in biological wastewater treatment

Abstract The effects of cell entrapment on the growth rate and metabolic activity of major groups of bacteria (betaproteobacteria and gammaproteobacteria) in biological municipal wastewater treatment were investigated. Three different cell entrapment media (alginate, carrageenan and polyvinyl alcohol) and three cell-to-matrix ratios (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.6%, w v−1) were examined. Representative species of betaproteobacteria were Alcaligenes faecalis and Comamonas testosteroni whereas Pseudomonas putida was a gammaproteobacteria species studied. Free (non-entrapped) cells were included in the study for comparative purpose. Results indicated that the entrapment, type of entrapment media, and cell-to-matrix ratio had significant effects on the growth and metabolic activity of major groups of bacteria in wastewater treatment. Polyvinyl alcohol entrapped cells had the highest specific growth and specific substrate utilization rates. Increase of cell-to-matrix ratio (from 0.1% to 0.2% or 0.6%) did not improve the specific growth and specific substrate utilization rates. The relative performances provided by different entrapment media of the three species studied were quite consistent. This study showed that the suitable choices of entrapment media and cell-to-matrix ratio are important but similar for major groups of bacteria in wastewater treatment.
Endonuclease G from mammalian nuclei is identical to the major endonuclease of mitochondria

Two Mg(2+)-dependent DNA endonucleases have been isolated from mammalian cells which have a strong preference to nick within long tracts of guanine residues in vitro. One endonuclease activity is mitochondrial (mt). The other endonuclease, called Endonuclease G, is associated with isolated nuclei, and is released when the nuclear chromatin is exposed to moderate ionic strength. Our laboratory has previously purified the mt endonuclease to near homogeneity from mitochondria of bovine heart and reported the enzyme to be a homodimer of a approximately 29 kDa polypeptide [Cummings, O. W. et al. (1987) J. Biol. Chem., 262, 2005-2015]. Although the purified mt endonuclease will extensively fragment M13 viral ssDNA and plasmid dsDNAs in vitro, the enzyme displays an unusually strong preference to nick within a (dG)12:(dC)12 sequence tract which resides just upstream from the origin of DNA replication in the mitochondrial genome. The nuclear Endonuclease G first identified from its selective targeting of several (dG)n:(dC)n tracts in vitro (where N = 3-29), was subsequently purified from calf thymus nuclei and shown to be a homodimer of a approximately 26-kDa polypeptide [Cote, J. et al. (1989) J. Biol. Chem., 264, 3301-3310]. In the present study, we find that Endonuclease G partially purified from calf thymus nuclei will extensively degrade both viral ss- and dsDNAs in vitro, and that the enzyme possesses biochemical properties and specificity for nucleotide sequences in DNA that are strongly related or identical to those of the mt endonuclease. These findings and the discovery of sequence identity between the proteins strengthen the conclusion that the nuclear Endonuclease G is the same enzyme as the mt endonuclease.
LC-electrospray ionization and LC-FABMS study of flavonoid glycosides extracted from peanut meal

HPLC, HPLC-electrospray ionization (LC-ESI), and LC-FABMS were used to characterize flavonoid glycosides in the methanol extract from peanut meal. Five isoflavones, diadzin, glycitin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein, were separated by HPLC and characterized by comparison with known standards using ESI-MS. The flavonoid methylquercetin (rhamnetin) was present in the methanol extract from peanuts and identified by ESI-MS. Four other flavonoids, two quercetin diglycosides, one quercetin monoglucoside, and isorhamnetin glucoside, were found to be present in the methanol extract based on their reversed-phase elution pattern, mass ions, and fragment ions using flow-FABMS.
Effects of chronic exposure to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on delayed matching-to-sample in chimpanzees.

Three groups of four chimpanzees were trained on a 20-sec delayed matching-to-sample task and then were exposed to a 152 day chronic drug regimen. Two of the chimpanzees in each group were drug naive. The other two chimpanzees in each group had experienced 45 doses of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9-THC) four months prior to the present experiment. One group of animals served as nondrug controls. A second control group received an oral dose of 1.0 mg Δ 9-THC per kilogram of body weight following each matching-to-sample session. The experimental group was given the same dose of Δ 9-THC prior to each daily session. The initial administrations of the drug before but not after each session produced a significant decrease in matching-to-sample accuracy. During the course of the chronic drug regimen, animals in the experimental group recovered very slowly from this initial impairment in matching-to-sample performance. The extent to which the experimental animals recovered seemed to depend upon their pre-experimental drug histories. The drug-experienced animals developed complete tolerance within five weeks while the previously drug-naive animals did not so do even after five months exposure to the drug. However, no residual or long-term effects were observed following termination of the chronic drug regimen.
The impact of renal artery stenosis on outcomes after open-heart surgery

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the impact of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) on outcomes after open-heart surgery (OHS). Background Acute kidney injury after OHS portends significant morbidity and mortality. Methods Data from all adult patients undergoing OHS from January 2000 to April 2010 who underwent renal duplex ultrasound were prospectively collected. ARAS was severe (60% to 99% stenosis) if peak systolic velocity was >200 cm/s. The associations between ARAS and post-operative reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), need for renal replacement therapy, length of stay, and overall short-term and long-term mortality (up to 8 years) were tested using multivariate time-to-event adjusted analysis. Results A total of 714 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 67 ± 12 years (63% men) and a mean GFR of 52 ± 25.9 ml/min/1.73 m 2 . A total of 206 (29%) had ARAS; of these, 79% (n = 163) had unilateral and 21% (n = 43) had bilateral ARAS. ARAS was associated with peripheral artery disease (p = 0.004) and lower high-density lipoprotein levels (p = 0.04). Patients with advanced age (p = 0.01) and descending aorta grafting (p = 0.004) had significant post-operative reductions in GFR. Adjusted models showed a nonsignificant trend between ARAS and reduction in GFR (p = 0.09). ARAS was not associated with need for renal replacement therapy (p = 0.4), longer length of stay (p = 0.7), or mortality (p = 0.7), but low pre-operative GFR was a strong predictor of long-term mortality. Conclusions ARAS does not appear to be associated with post-operative change in GFR, need for hemodialysis, longer length of stay, or mortality in patients undergoing OHS.
Wishart distribution via induction

Abstract This article proves the Wishart distribution of the sample covariance matrix by induction on the sample size. The proof is elementary and is easy for adaptation in introductory multivariate statistics courses.
Complications and outcome of four-corner arthrodesis: circular plate fixation versus traditional techniques.

Purpose To review the clinical and radiographic results of scaphoid excision and four-corner arthrodesis using a circular plate and screws compared with traditional fusion techniques (wires, staples, screws). Methods Fifty-eight patients with four-corner arthrodesis (plate fixation, n=27; traditional fixation, n=31) were evaluated for radiographic and clinical success using wrist radiographs and functional assays. Patients were subjectively surveyed using the standardized Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire and classification scales for pain and satisfaction. Objective measurements included grip-strength and range-of-motion measurements. Results Radiographic analysis showed 26% nonunion with loose hardware in the plate group compared with 3% in the traditional group and 22% hardware impingement in the plate group compared with 3% in the traditional group. Clinical evaluation yielded a mean grip strength of 31 kg (70% of opposite side) for plate fixation and 33 kg (79% of opposite side) for traditional fixation. The mean flexion–extension arc was 48% and 50% of the opposite wrist for plate and traditional patients, respectively. The mean adjusted Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire scores were 27 out of 100 for plate patients and 8 out of 100 for traditional patients. Pain classification scores showed that only 2 patients in the plate group were pain free whereas there were 8 patients in the traditional group who were pain free. Overall patient satisfaction was 60% for the plate group whereas the traditional patient group reported 100% satisfaction. Conclusions The rate of major complications (nonunion or impingement) was much greater with circular plate fixation (48%) versus traditional fixation techniques (6%). With the plate procedure the grip strength and arc of motion decreased approximately 30% and 52%, respectively, compared with decreases of 21% and 50%, respectively, for traditional fusion methods. Additionally, subjective patient dissatisfaction was 40% in the plate group compared with 0% in the traditional group. We postulate that the increased complication and dissatisfaction rates associated with plate fixation may be attributable to possible biomechanical imperfections or increased technical demands with this fusion system. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic, Level III.
On browne's solution for oblique procrustes rotation

Browne [1967] has given a method of solving the problem (originally stated by Mosier, [1939]) of finding a least squares fit to a specified factor structure. The problem is one of minimizing the sum of squared residuals of φ —FT with Diag (T'T)=I. Browne's solution involves the eigenvectors and values ofF'F and leads to an iterative solution. This paper gives a form of the solution which does not involve solution of an eigenvalue problem but does require an iteration similar to Browne's. It suggests the possible existence of a singularity, and a simple modification of Browne's computational procedure is proposed which deals with this case. A better starting value for the iteration is also proposed for which convergence is guaranteed using the ordinary Newton iteration.
Anomalous hysteresis shape of thin VO2 layers

Abstract Thin VO2 layers (0.8–1.0 μm thick) have been deposited on thick quartz substrates by a chemical vapour deposition technique. The mole fractions of [V2O5] and of its reduction product [VO2] as a function of the deposition parameters were computed. Optimum values of the deposition parameters found from the calculations allowed for the deposition of pure VO2 layers. Strong textures were observed on layers with crystallites varying in size from 4 to 10 μm. Depending on the deposition parameters, we found either layers with crystallites that had only one texture, of (011)m=(110)t rotated about the normal to the layer surface, or layers also having crystallites with a texture of (210)t. Measurements of the optical transparency of (110)t layers at λ=1.05 μm showed a steep fall and rise of the curve at the phase transition with a constant hysteresis of 4°C. Layers that also contained (210)t oriented crystallites showed the same curve for the heating branch, but two phase transitions for the cooling branch. We interpreted this unexpected behaviour as an overlap of two types of hysteresis with different hysteresis widths depending on the texture of the crystallites.
Tailored Vacuum Chambers for AC Magnets

The proposed LAMPF-II accelerator has a 60-Hz booster synchrotron and a 3-Hz main ring. To provide a vacuum enclosure inside the magnets with low eddy-current losses and minimal field distortion, yet capable of carrying rf image currents and providing beam stabilization, we propose an innovative combination pipe. Structurally, the enclosure is high-purity alumina ceramic, which is strong, radiation resistant, and has good vacuum properties. Applied to the chamber are thin, spaced, silver conductors using adapted thick-film technology. The conductor design can be tailored to the stabilization requirements, for example, longitudinal conductors for image currents, circumferential for transverse stabilization. The inside of the chamber has a thin, resistive coating to avoid charge build-up. The overall 60-Hz power loss is less than 100 W/m.
Reaction of organoboranes with hydrazoic acid

La reaction de trialkylboranes avec le cyanure d'hydrogene conduit aux alkylamines correspondantes
What Do the Kohn−Sham Orbitals and Eigenvalues Mean?

Kohn−Sham orbitals and eigenvalues are calculated with gradient-corrected functionals for a set of small molecules (H2O, N2, CrH66-, and PdCl42-), varying basis sets and functionals. The calculated Kohn−Sham (KS) orbital shapes, symmetries, and the order and absolute energy of the associated eigenvalues are investigated and compared with those of Hartree−Fock (HF) and one-electron extended Huckel (eH) calculations, as well as experimental ionization potentials. The shape and symmetry properties of the KS orbitals are very similar to those calculated by HF and eH methods. The energy order of the occupied orbitals is in most cases in agreement among the various methods. The order of empty orbitals of a minimal basis set is sometimes interchanged, within that group or with some orbitals resulting from a larger basis calculation. Overall the KS orbitals are a good basisas Baerends suggestedfor qualitative interpretation of molecular orbitals. For the Kohn−Sham eigenvalues we find an approximately linear depen...
Imaging findings in children with proliferative disorders following multivisceral transplantation

Background Multivisceral transplantation represents an important treatment option for children with intestinal failure. The attendant immunosuppression can lead to a spectrum of cellular proliferations including benign and malignant smooth muscle tumors and lymphoproliferative disorders, many related to cellular dysregulation from Epstein-Barr virus infection.
Prior treatment effects on open field behaviour of mice--a genetic analysis.

Abstract 1440 mice from four inbred strains and their crosses were either undisturbed, received moderate stimulation or shock at 8 weeks of age. A genetic analysis of subsequent open field behaviour indicated sufficient genetic × treatment interactions to question the adequacy of generalizations concerning either prior treatment effects or inheritance of behaviour without sampling both parameters simultaneously. An argument is presented for abandoning the present procedures of choosing experimental subjects and for representing the species to be studied by f1 hybrids formed by the complete intercrossing of several inbred lines.
Multi-channel beam-scanning imaging at kHz frame rates by Lissajous trajectory microscopy

A beam-scanning microscope based on Lissajous trajectory imaging is described for achieving streaming 2D imaging with continuous frame rates up to 1.4 kHz. The microscope utilizes two fast-scan resonant mirrors to direct the optical beam on a circuitous trajectory through the field of view. By separating the full Lissajous trajectory time-domain data into sub-trajectories (partial, undersampled trajectories) effective frame-rates much higher than the repeat time of the Lissajous trajectory are achieved with many unsampled pixels present. A model-based image reconstruction (MBIR) 3D in-painting algorithm is then used to interpolate the missing data for the unsampled pixels to recover full images. The MBIR algorithm uses a maximum a posteriori estimation with a generalized Gaussian Markov random field prior model for image interpolation. Because images are acquired using photomultiplier tubes or photodiodes, parallelization for multi-channel imaging is straightforward. Preliminary results show that when combined with the MBIR in-painting algorithm, this technique has the ability to generate kHz frame rate images across 6 total dimensions of space, time, and polarization for SHG, TPEF, and confocal reflective birefringence data on a multimodal imaging platform for biomedical imaging. The use of a multichannel data acquisition card allows for multimodal imaging with perfect image overlay. Image blur due to sample motion was also reduced by using higher frame rates.
Attitudes toward laetrile in relation to death anxiety and experience with cancer in the family.

Three questionnaires concerning previous experiences and attitudes toward Laetrile were given to 68 college students and 44 professors. The hypothesis that individuals with greater anxiety would believe more strongly in the efficacy of Laetrile was supported. Positive attitudes toward Laetrile's effectiveness correlated significantly with higher death anxiety (r = .25, p < .02), higher anxiety about cancer (r = .25), and having a death from cancer in the extended family (r = .26). None of these variables correlated significantly with attitudes toward Laetrile's legalization, a statistically independent measure.
Using Flp-Recombinase to Characterize Expansion of Wnt1-Expressing Neural Progenitors in the Mouse

Here we demonstrate how a Flp recombinase-based tagging system can be used to link temporally distinct developmental events in the mouse. By directly following Flp-mediated DNA rearrangements we have analyzed the adult expansion of embryonic neural progenitors which transiently express the signaling factor Wnt1. We report Wnt1 promoter activity in embryonic cells that give rise to aspects of the adult midbrain, cerebellum, spinal cord, and dorsal root ganglia. These findings show that cells transiently expressing Wnt1 play more than an inductive role during early brain regionalization, giving rise to distinct adult brain regions as well as neural crest derivatives. Moreover, these results reveal two new features of the Flp-FRT system: First, Flp(F70L) can effectively recombine target sites (FRTs) placed in an endogenous locus in a variety of tissues in vivo, despite previous in vitro evidence of thermolability; and second, Flp(F70L) action can be predictably and tightly regulated in the mouse embryo, making it suitable for fate mapping applications. A further advantage of the Flp-FRT system is that marked lineages can ultimately be combined with germline mutations and deficiencies currently being generated using the Cre-loxP recombination system-in this way it should be possible to analyze mutant gene activities directly for their effect on cell fate.
Simulations of ion current in realistic models of ion channels: The KcsA potassium channel

Realistic studies of ion current in biologic channels present a major challenge for computer simulation approaches. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations involve serious time limitations that prevent their use in direct evaluation of ion current in channels with significant barriers. The alternative use of Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations can provide the current for simplified macroscopic models. However, the time needed for accurate calculations of electrostatic energies can make BD simulations of ion current expensive. The present work develops an approach that overcomes some of the above challenges and allows one to simulate ion currents in models of biologic channels. Our method provides a fast and reliable estimate of the energetics of the system by combining semimacroscopic calculations of the self-energy of each ion and an implicit treatment of the interactions between the ions, as well as the interactions between the ions and the protein-ionizable groups. This treatment involves the use of the semimacroscopic version of the protein dipole Langevin dipole (PDLD/S) model in its linear response approximation (LRA) implementation, which reduces the uncertainties about the value of the protein "dielectric constant." The resulting free energy surface is used to generate the forces for on-the-fly BD simulations of the corresponding ion currents. Our model is examined in a preliminary simulation of the ion current in the KcsA potassium channel. The complete free energy profile for a single ion transport reflects reasonable energetics and captures the effect of the protein-ionized groups. This calculated profile indicates that we are dealing with the channel in its closed state. Reducing the barrier at the gate region allows us to simulate the ion current in a reasonable computational time. Several limiting cases are examined, including those that reproduce the observed current, and the nature of the productive trajectories is considered. The ability to simulate the current in realistic models of ion channels should provide a powerful tool for studies of the biologic function of such systems, including the analysis of the effect of mutations, pH, and electric potentials.
Psychology, individual, and society: An interview with Seymour Sarason

Abstract The phenomenal unity of consciousness must flow from some element immutably present in each and every representation of the individual and binding the whole into one. To unearth and accurately define this phenomenal self becomes one of the fundamental tasks of psychology. We will assume that any kind of psychology that explains the behavior of the individual also explains the behavior of society, in so far as the psychological point of view is applicable to and sufficient for the study of social behavior. It is true that for certain purposes it is very useful to look away entirely from the individual and to think of socialized behavior as though it were carried on by certain larger entities which transcend the psycho-physical organism. But this viewpoint implicitly demands the abandonment of the psychological approach to the explanation of human conduct in society … Social behavior is merely the sum, or better, arrangement of such aspects of individual behavior as are referred to culture patterns that have their proper context, not in the spatial and temporal continuities of biological behavior, but in historical sequences that are imputed to actual behavior by a principle of selection. The life of a man is a double series—a series of effects produced in him by the rest of the world, and a series of effects produced in that world by him. A man's make-up, or nature, equals his tendencies to be influenced in certain ways by the world and to react in certain ways to it. To describe even one man's intellect and character fully, at even any one time, it would be necessary to list all the world's happenings that he might possibly encounter, and to state in each case how he would feel and think and act in response to that happening.
Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model for Hydrogen Distribution Options

As with the distribution of any commodity, distribution of hydrogen depends on how the hydrogen is packaged, how far it must travel, and how much must be delivered. Few would argue that transporting a high-pressure gas is markedly different from transporting a cryogenic liquid— or even a liquid at standard temperature and pressure. Packaging affects not only density (weight/volume) but also the operation of potential delivery modes and onboard storage, a problem that has been called the grand challenge of the hydrogen economy. These three factors—packaging (which in turn affects shipment size and modal attributes), delivery distance, and demand—affect both the structure of potential delivery systems and their contribution to unit costs. This paper describes the hydrogen delivery scenario analysis model, a generalized model of hydrogen delivery that can be used to analyze the economic feasibility of various options for hydrogen distribution to markets of different sizes and types. Inputs may be user define...
Bevacizumab in the treatment of ovarian cancer

Despite advances in surgical cytoreduction and cytotoxic chemotherapy, ovarian cancer continues to be the leading cause of death in women with gynecologic malignancy. Our understanding of the treatment of ovarian cancer was revolutionized with the discovery of platinum- and taxane-based adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. Since that time however, overall survival has been stable. Given the above, an emphasis has been placed on exploring alternative therapeutics. Recent research efforts have improved our understanding of the molecular biology of ovarian cancer and novel targeted treatment strategies have emerged. The most studied of these agents has been the monoclonal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody bevacizumab. The purpose of this review is to discuss management issues related to the treatment of ovarian cancer, with a focus on the utilization of bevacizumab, summarizing applicable clinical trials, its potential benefits, and reported adverse events.
Nutrient dependent effects of consumer identity and diversity on freshwater ecosystem function

Summary 1. Over the past decade, ecologists have tried to determine how changes in species composition and diversity affect ecosystem structure and function. Until recently, the majority of these studies have been conducted in terrestrial ecosystems and have not taken into account environmental variability. The purpose of this research was to determine how species identity and diversity in the freshwater zooplankton affected biomass of algae and zooplankton at two levels of nutrient enrichment. 2. Several species of cladocerans were grown alone and together in microcosms at both ambient and raised phosphorus concentrations to determine if the effects of consumer identity and diversity were nutrient dependent. 3. Total zooplankton biomass was greater, while algal biomass was lower, in mixed culture than in monoculture. The effects of zooplankton diversity on algal biomass, however, were only observed at raised phosphorus concentrations, suggesting that diversity effects were nutrient dependent. Specifically, diversity effects appeared to be related with biological mechanisms such as complementarity in resource use and/or facilitation. 4. More diverse communities of zooplankton appear to be better able to control algae than single species of zooplankton at high nutrient concentrations; therefore, zooplankton diversity may provide a buffer against eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems.
Recycled odyssey: creating transnational families in the Greek diaspora

In this article I explore the types of transnational families forged by Greek Canadian women through cycles of migration between Canada and Greece. The focus is on how transmigrant women search for a spouse and heterosexual lifestyle embodied within a seemingly 'authentic' Greek experience. This recycled odyssey in which the women negotiate systems of gender and ethnic identification between two different social milieux highlights how parental guidance, class tensions and repre- sentations of gender and sexuality (re)form the Greek transnational family. These conflicts, and their resolutions, indicate how the ties of transnational families are negotiated to accommodate competing notions of sexuality, femininity, filial piety, parental investment and economic responsibility. Such cases are poorly documented since it is assumed that 'white' ethnic groups in North America are more assimilated. However, given the forces that drive transnationalism - such as global capital, cheap travel, telecommunications and European integration - belonging to an imagined community has different implications than it did in the past. My father immigrated to Canada in 1960. His first job was for a Greek baker in Calgary delivering day-old bread to the Indian reservations. In 1965 he returned to Greece to marry my mother whom he had never met. They came back to Canada and he went into the restaurant business with an uncle and cousin. I was born in 1967 and grew up thinking I was Greek. I didn't play with Canadian kids. Our lives revolved around the church and Greek school. In 1985 I went to Greece for the first time without my parents. I met a man and decided to stay in Greece permanently and get married. My parents didn't approve. I stayed there for a long time but eventually our marriage failed. I returned to Canada in 2000, 40 years almost to the day of my father's initial immigration. I've been back and forth so many times I don't feel like I belong in either place. Margarita In this article I consider key elements in the types of transnational families Greek Canadian women have forged through cycles of migration between Canada, the place of their birth, and Greece, the homeland of their ancestors. 1 This migration focuses on cultural, not economic, considerations in which a transmigrant woman searches for a
Short-Term and Long-Term Goals in the Economy

There is no acceptable alternative to acceleration. As forecast calculations show, the adverse processes that surfaced in the seventies and early eighties may lead to the curtailment of the investment complex, to the actual cessation of economic growth. The vital necessity to secure wholesale, qualitative changes in the development of the national economy necessitates paying special attention to information characterizing progress in this area. The desire to see as soon as possible the results of the efforts that are undertaken, their impact on the standard of living, and the dynamics of the most important macroeconomic indicators is characteristic of the social thought and mood of today. It is for this reason that it is especially important to preserve the sober evaluation of current fluctuations in economic growth rates and of the complex interrelationship of short-term and long-term tasks in the acceleration of socioeconomic development.
A multidimensional generalization of Shukla's 8ψ8 summation

Abstract. We give an r -dimensional generalization of H. S. Shukla's very-well-poised 8 ψ 8 summation formula. We work in the setting of multiple basic hypergeometric series very-well-poised over the root system A r-1 or, equivalently, the unitary group U(r) . Our proof, which is already new in the one-dimensional case, utilizes an A r-1 nonterminating very-well-poised 6 φ 5 summation by S. C. Milne, a partial fraction decomposition, and analytic continuation.
The stability of college students' implicit theories of marriage

Recent research by Fitzpatrick and Perse, Pavitt, and Burggraf has used the Relational Dimensions Instrument (RDI) to examine people's “implicit theories of marriage,”; or general beliefs about the characteristics of the ideal marriage. The claim that these beliefs can be categorized as implicit theories presumes that they remain fairly stable over significant periods of time. As a test of this presumption, college students made two sets of judgments of the “ideal marriage”; one year apart using the RDI. The results show little stability for these judgments and casts doubt on whether college students’ implicit theories of marriage are tapped by the RDI.
Leadership and Creativity in Regional Economic Development

Leadership and institutions have long been considered important elements in regional economic growth and change, but because they are for the most part latent variables in the more traditional methods of modelling economic growth and development, they have received limited attention of scholars in the field. This paper presents a theory of leadership and institutional grounded economic development and examines its efficacy through the presentation of a variety of case study material of regions that have experienced successful (and unsuccessful) economic development through leadership-directed change. Case studies are from various parts of the world. The contingency theory of leadership forms the core of the theoretical leadership element. The case studies illustrate the diversity of and therefore creative approaches taken to adapt economies to rapid change and disequilibrium conditions