cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Completable Scheduling: An Integrated Approach to Planning and Scheduling

The planning problem has traditionally been treated separately from the scheduling problem. However, as more realistic domains are tackled, it becomes evident that the problem of deciding on an ordered set of tasks to achieve a set of goals cannot be treated independently of the problem of actually allocating resources to the tasks. Doing so would result in losing the robustness and flexibility needed to deal with imperfectly modeled domains. Completable scheduling is an approach which integrates the two problems by allowing an a priori planning module to defer particular planning decisions, and consequently the associated scheduling decisions, until execution time. This allows a completable scheduling system to maximize plan flexibility by allowing runtime information to be taken into consideration when making planning and scheduling decision. Furthermore, through the criteria of achievability placed on deferred decision, a completable scheduling system is able to retain much of the goal-directedness and guarantees of achievement afforded by a priori planning. The completable scheduling approach is further enhanced by the use of contingent explanation-based learning, which enables a completable scheduling system to learn general completable plans from example and improve its performance through experience. Initial experimental results show that completable scheduling outperforms classical scheduling as well as pure reactive scheduling in a simple scheduling domain.
A Longitudinal Approach to Assessing Attrition Behavior Among First-Generation Students: Time-Varying Effects of Pre-College Characteristics

Although going to college may be viewed as a rite of passage for many students, some groups of students often face unique challenges in their pursuit of a college degree. One group of students that we are trying to gain a better understanding of is “first-generation” students, those whose parents did not graduate from college. This article presents the results of a study that investigated longitudinal effects of being a first-generation student on attrition. Results indicated that first-generation students were more likely to depart than their counterparts over time. After controlling for factors such as race, gender, high school grade point average (GPA), and family income, the risk of attrition in the first year among first-generation students was 71% higher than that of students with two college-educated parents.
Errata to “A robust optimization model for stochastic logistic problems”: [International Journal of Production Economics, 64 (2000) 385–397]

Abstract This errata points out several errors in various optimization models and an inconsistent numerical result in Chian-Son Yu, Han-Lin Li [International Journal of Production Economics 64 (2000) 385–397].
Method for the Determination of the Free Fatty Acids of Milk Fat

Abstract Determination of the free fatty acids of milk fat by means of gas-liquid chromatography, employing two internal standards was evaluated. The free fatty acids were isolated from the fat by means of a basic anion exchange resin, converted to methyl esters, and extracted with ethyl chloride. The ethyl chloride solution of methyl esters was then concentrated with a special reflux system prior to chromatography to prevent the loss of the more volatile esters. Appropriate factors were calculated for relating the quantity of added internal standards to that of the naturally occurring free fatty acids.
Optimizing Load Schedule for Building Energy Management in Smart Grids

In this paper, scheduling and control of appliance's energy consumption in a household or a small office building is studied. The household appliances include Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC), and deferrable loads such as Electric Vehicle (EV) and washer/dryer. The appliances in the office building include HVAC, non-deferrable and non-interruptible loads such as computers/servers as well as deferrable and interruptible loads such as batch printing/photocopying. Given the temperature and price forecasts, a Linear Programming (LP) model for the system is derived to maximize the user comfort. The paper also presents a heuristic solution, namely Comfort Prioritizing Greedy (CPG), which employs iterative greedy algorithm to prioritize user comfort and enables the scheduling even in case of blocking. We compare our proposed greedy algorithm with the bin-packing algorithm and show that the proposed greedy algorithm can effectively be used to schedule the load in Home Energy Management (HEM) system as well as in small offices without much overhead.
Bad News for Tracking Quintessence

A recent global fit to the cosmological parameters shows that the smooth energy is static (cosmological constant) or nearly static EOS parameter \( w \doteq P/\rho < 0.85(1\sigma ) \). For Tracking Quintessence, this implies that the potential is now slow-rolling. If it exists, such Quintessence is practically indistinguishable from a cosmological constant and is not tracking, i.e. the present Universe is sensitive to initialconditions, thus removing the theoretical motivation for Quintessence, in the first place.
On the use of orientation information for improved contour difference coding

Contour difference coding represents Freeman chain codes using only the differences between consecutive links. Improved contour difference coding is possible through the use of information about the orientation of the links forming the differences. It is shown analytically that grid-intersect quantization of curves inherently results in different underlying probability distributions for diagonally and vertical-horizontally oriented chain differences. This difference can be exploited to produce models with reduced source entropy. Results are presented demonstrating the effectiveness of this method on real contour data. >
Saving energy in an office environment: A serious game intervention

Abstract Serious Games are virtual simulations of real-world activities that can both educate users and prompt behavioral change. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a virtual pet game in reducing plug-loads in a mid-size commercial office. Participants were 61 resident workers. The energy consumption of 288 appliances was monitored for 24 weeks using plug-load sensors. After 4-weeks of baseline, 42 participants were introduced to the “Energy Chickens” serious game, which they played for 12 weeks. Within the game, daily energy consumption data for each individual's devices were used to manipulate animated chickens living on a personalized virtual farm. Changes in device-specific energy consumption were reflected in the improving or declining “health” of the corresponding chickens. Healthy, energy-saving chickens laid eggs that the user could collect and use to purchase accessories for their virtual farm. Across all intervention days, average energy consumption declined by 13%. Participants achieved 23% reductions on non-work days and 7% reductions on workdays. At the conclusion of the intervention, 69% of participants indicated that the game helped them be more energy conscious, with some indicating changes in their energy use outside the office. Results highlight the effectiveness of behavioral interventions on plug-load energy consumption within commercial office settings.
Effect of the pore formation on the solution flow through acrylamide gel

A simple synthesis method of porous acrylamide gel is proposed. Pore formation in gel body is dominated by the amount of polymerization initiator, accelerator and gelation temperature. We investigated the influence of these factors on the number and the size of pores. Gelation temperature control is the easiest and the most effective way to create a number of large pores in a gel body. We also investigated the pore volume fraction dependence of solution flow through the gels. Solution flow rate was found to be promoted with the increase of pore volume fraction.
Deuterium isotope studies of the dehydration alcohols by reaction with triphenylphosphine-tetrachloromethane

Abstract The reactions of 2-butanol, 2-butanol-2d 1 , erythro-2-butanol-3d 1 , (EB), 2-methyl-2-propanol (2M2P), and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexadeuterio-2-methyl-2-propanol (HDMP), respectively, with CCl 4 , and Ph 3 P in a polar or non-polar solvent in the temperature range of 36–85°C was studied. For 2-butanol the fraction of dehydration products increased with temperature; the opposite temperature effect was observed for (2M2P). Dehydration was the dominant pathway for (2M2P) (85–95%) but substitution (of OH by Cl) was dominant for 2-butanol (75–95%). Deuterium retention in the butenes from the conversion of (EB) indicated that 98% or more of the dehydration followed an anti-elimination pathway, and there was a preference for Saytzeff elimination. An isotope effect for deuterium elimination (k H /k D ) for the alkene-forming step for (EB) and (HDMP) was about 2.0, and neither temperature nor solvent polarity appeared to have an effect on (k H k D ) in the range investigated. Surprisingly, there was an isotope effect for the relative rate of the formation of alkyl halide from (EB) but not from (HDMP).
Personal and professional perspectives on social nudism: Should you be personally involved in your research?

My personal involvement in social nudism has been an asset in my 14 years of research comparing social nudists and non‐nudists on child and adult body self concept and on adult sexual attitudes and behaviors. With personal involvement, you have a better understanding of the important issues that need to be researched. You may have access to existing literature not readily available and to participants who would not talk to “outsiders.” You have the understanding necessary to be able to examine the meaning of the data within the context of the specific group culture. In addition, personal involvement is an added incentive to persevere through the setbacks and tedious parts of the research. If you follow your scientific training, you can do credible research while maintaining personal involvement in your research area. You can also learn how to handle discrimination toward you and your research and how to avoid having your research misinterpreted in support of others’ political or personal agendas when givi...
Computer simulations of relaxation processes in scattering of multi-charged ions from metal surfaces

Abstract The dynamics of KLL Auger electron production resulting from the scattering of multi-charged, hydrogenlike ions from solid surfaces has been modeled by scattering simulations. The model is based upon two sequential steps involving L-shell filling followed by KLL Auger decay. Simulated results are found to adequately describe experimental Auger yields and their dependence upon scattering conditions. Depth distribution of the electron emission is discussed along with the dependence of the yields upon model parameters, incident azimuthal angle and the effects of crystal damage.
Acoustic coupling effects in St Paul's cathedral, London

In St Paul's Cathedral there are many arches, columns and cornices which enable the internal space to be divided into subspaces. The subspaces may be considered to be acoustically coupled via areas which connect the rooms. Two of the most acoustically important subspaces in the Cathedral are the choir and the space under the dome. The choir, the space within the wooden choir stalls, has more sound absorption than the rest of the building, which is mostly marble and Portland stone. In the model of coupled subspaces an acoustic energy balance equation, applied to a diffuse field, is derived for each subspace. In St Paul's Cathedral the internal space is divided into 70 acoustical subspaces. The initial-value problem which is formulated by the system of 70 acoustic energy balance equations with initial conditions has been reduced to the eigenvalue problem. The decay of sound energy density has been obtained for different locations in the Cathedral and for different positions of the sound source. Experimentally obtained sound decay curves are in good agreement with numerical results. Both the experimental and numerical results demonstrate the fine structure of reverberation.
The classification of 2 × 2 systems of non‐strictly hyperbolic conservation laws, with application to oil recovery

On considere un systeme 2×2 a une variable d'espace: U + +F(U) x =0, −∞ 0, ou U=U(x,t)∈R 2 et F:R 2 →R 2 . On montre que, pour des equations hyperboliques, des points ombilicaux sont typiquement isoles et que en un point ombilical isole dF est typiquement diagonalisable. On donne une classification des equations hyperboliques a points ombilicaux isoles
Ambient levels of particulate organic matter in New York City in winter and summer

Abstract Samples of suspended particulate matter were collected during two summer and two winter sampling campaigns. Non-polar, moderately polar and polar fractions of particulate organic matter (POM) were separated by 8h sequential Soxhlet extractions with cyclobexane, dichloromethane and acetone, respectively. Atmospheric concentrations of total POM averaged 13.0 μgm −3 for the two summer periods and 16.0 μgm −3 for the two winter periods. Extractable organic matter in respirable (D 50 ≤3.5 μm aerodynamic diameter) suspended particulate matter was 81% of the TSP organics during January–February 1978, but only 54% of TSP organics in August 1978. Evaluation of dispersion normalized aerosol concentrations of POM indicated that space heating contributed approximately 75% of the total POM in New York City in February 1977 and 51% in January–February 1978. The strong association of POM with the “oil-burning” factor obtained by factor analysis performed on the data was also indicative of a substantial contribution from this source. Use of high-sulfur (1.5–15 %) fuel oil in New York City during the 1976–1977 fuel crisis appears to have had a striking and significant impact on both total emissions and ambient concentrations of POM during February 1977. The cumulative evidence indicates oil-burning for space heating is currently the most significant source of POM although it contributes only 10–20% of the TSP. The atmospheric concentrations of POM and TSP determined in this study were compared to those measured at the same site in 1968 and 1969. Although wintertime TSP levels have declined to almost one-half of the levels of 1968 and 1969, wintertime concentrations of airborne POM do not appear to have declined. The summertime concentrations of POM in 1977 and 1978 were about 40% higher than those determined for similar periods in 1968 and 1969.
Leukocyte chemotactic activity of fkbp and inhibition by fk506

Cyclophilin, the cyclosporin A binding protein and member of the immunophilin family of proteins, demonstrates leukocyte chemotactic activity. In this study we demonstrate that FKBP, the FK506 and rapamycin binding protein, also displays leukocyte chemotactic activity. The chemotactic activity of FKBP is inhibited by FK506, however, FK506 was unable to inhibit cyclophilin-stimulated chemotactic activity. Rapamycin was unable to prevent the chemotactic activity of FKBP, similarly, the CsA analogue Me6Ala-CsA while displaying cyclophilin binding was unable to block cyclophilin-stimulated chemotactic activity. These results suggest that in addition to their intracellular role the immunophilins may also function as chemotactic agents, furthermore this activity is modulated by immunosuppressants.
Nitration of 1,4-Dimethyl-2-quinolone and 1,2-Dimethyl-4-quinolone

Nitration occurred at position 6 in 1,4-di-methyl-2-quinolone and at 6 and 8 in 1,2-dimethyl-4-quinolone. Structures were confirmed by alternate synthesis.
Ingestion of carbohydrate during recovery in exercising people.

Purpose of review The primary focus of this brief review is to describe the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation alone or in combination with protein on two responses during postexercise recovery that are not specifically related to the usual emphasis on glycogen resynthesis; that is, rapid postexercise rehydration, and recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage. Recent findings Evidence from postexercise rapid rehydration studies suggests that the addition of CHO to a rehydration solution may increase the rate of fluid restoration compared with water placebo. Adding protein to a CHO solution may further accentuate the beneficial effects. An additional postexercise concern for active individuals is the development of postexercise muscle soreness, a response that is pronounced with novel, eccentric exercise. Ingestion of CHO supplements, especially those combined with protein may help to minimize the exercise-induced muscle damage that is accompanied by muscle soreness, and reduced muscle function. Summary The practical implications of these findings are that CHO supplementation, especially in combination with protein, can enhance the rate of recovery relative to fluid balance and muscle damage; thus, these nutritional interventions should be considered for purposes in addition to the usual focus on glycogen resynthesis.
The Comparative Requirements of Chicks and Turkey Poults for Pantothenic Acid

Abstract THERE has been some confusion regarding the pantothenic acid requirement of chicks. Jukes (1939) who was the first to determine the chicks’ requirement, found it to be 14 mg. per kilo of diet. According to Bauernfeind, Norris, and Heuser (1942) the requirement is 6 mg. per kilo of diet, or less than half of that reported by Jukes. Bauernfeind, Norris, and Heuser pointed out that the difference could be accounted for, in part at least, by the depletion period to which Jukes subjected his chicks before feeding the various levels of pantothenic acid. Later Jukes and McElroy (1943) found 10 mg. per kilo of diet to meet the chicks’ pantothenic acid requirement. These experiments were conducted with diets in which casein, corn, and middlings were used after heating for 36 hours at 120° C. except test diet II in which washed casein was used. The heated diets used leave much . . .
Characteristics of metal/sputtered CdTe/n-GaAs diode structures

Abstract Incorporation of a thin layer of r.f. sputtered CdTe between the metal and n-GaAs, has resulted in diode structures with MIS and Schottky barrier types C/V characteristics and low-current forward and reverse I/V characteristics. These structures have the potential to be useful in improving the performance of GaAs FET's for microwave and high speed applications.
Structure variation of the index of refraction of GaAs‐AlAs superlattices and multiple quantum wells

A detailed calculation of the index refraction of various GaAs-AlAs superlattices is presented for the first time. The calculation is performed by using a hybrid approach which combines the k-p method with the pseudopotential technique. Appropriate quantization conditions account for the influence of the superstructures on the electronic properties of the systems. The results of the model are in very good agreement with the experimental data. In comparison with the index of refraction of the corresponding AlGaAs alloy, characterized by the same average mole fraction of Al, the results indicate that the superlattice index of refraction values attain maxima at the various quantized transition energies. For certain structures the difference can be as large as 2 percent. These results suggest that the waveguiding and dispersion relation properties of optoelectronic devices can be tailored to design for specific optical application by an appropriate choice of the superlattice structure parameters.
INTERGRANULAR AND INTERPHASE BOUNDARIES IN CERAMICS

Interfaces are of great importance in both electronic and structural ceramics. The microstructure and microchemistry of interfaces can be studied by transmission electron microscopy, both high resolution and analytical. Examples are taken from both intergranular and interphase boundaries in ceramics. The former include low angle, twin and 90/degree/ boundaries in YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ superconductors. Interphase boundaries include epitactic layers of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/on SrTiO/sub 3/ and LaGaO/sub 3/ and non-oriented interfaces such as occur in coatings and composites. 13 refs., 10 figs.
Care Transitions From Inpatient to Outpatient Settings: Ongoing Challenges and Emerging Best Practices

Care transitions occur every time a patient changes levels of service, location, or with each shift change or transfer of care. The complexities involved in transitions of care make these time periods particularly susceptible to medical errors, placing patients at risk. Improving care transitions affects all patients in all settings, and has the potential to reduce adverse events, improve quality of care, and produce medical cost savings. This article is a focused review of transitions in care from the inpatient to ambulatory care settings. Underlying challenges and sources of errors are identified, and possible solutions and interventions are explored. Specific challenges to the pediatric population are also examined in detail.
Mortality from Hodgkin's disease in the United States. Evidence for the multiple-aetiology hypothesis.

Abstract The hypothesis that Hodgkin's disease encompasses at least two aetiologically distinct entities with differing age-distributions led to an examination of the regional variation of mortality by age within the United States. A region comprising eleven contiguous Southern states is of particular interest, in that, while it exhibits mortality among the middle-aged and elderly comparable to that in the rest of the United States, mortality among young adults is only about half that observed in the remainder of the country. This pattern was seen for both sexes and in two separate time periods. It is interpreted as supporting the " two-disease " hypothesis. Differences between the two areas in the sex ratios of mortality from Hodgkin's disease among the young strengthen the interpretation.
The effect of valacyclovir on HIV and HSV-2 in HIV-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy with previously unrecognised HSV-2.

In the absence of antiretroviral therapy, valacyclovir may reduce HIV viral load and increase CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. We sought to evaluate the impact of valacyclovir on HIV and HSV-2 in co-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy with previously unrecognised HSV-2 infection. A prospective, randomised-controlled, 24-week trial of valacyclovir 1000 mg was performed. Mean CD4+ T-lymphocyte count at 24 weeks compared to baseline CD4+ T-lymphocyte count was the primary outcome. HIV viral load suppression, HSV-2 outbreaks and asymptomatic HSV-2 shedding were secondary outcomes. Participants were randomised to valacyclovir (N = 66) or placebo (N = 35). Study completion was 64%. There was no change in 24 weeks compared to baseline CD4+ T-lymphocyte count in either group (valacyclovir p = 0.91, placebo p = 0.59) or the proportion with HIV viral load suppression (valacyclovir p = 0.75, placebo p = 1.0). Genital HSV and asymptomatic HSV-2 shedding were rare. Valacyclovir had no effect on CD4+ T-lymphocyt...
Long-Term Mental Health Among Low-Income, Minority Women Following Exposure to Multiple Natural Disasters in Early and Late Adolescence Compared to Adulthood

Background High impact experiences following a natural disaster have been shown to influence later psychopathology. Individual-level factors such as age may also contribute to a disaster’s impact on mental health, though it is unclear whether young age confers a protective effect or represents a period of increased risk as compared to adulthood.
Employment, restructuring, and gender: The case of San José, Costa Rica

San Jose has been the territorial fulcrum of Costa Rica’s post-World War II socioeconomic exceptionalism relative not only to Central America but to the periphery of the world economy at large. Research on the contemporary reorganization of the world economy underscores the gendered aspects of widening socioeconomic inequalities on an international scale. From these standpoints, this paper analyzes change in San Jose’s labor market in terms of two basic questions. First, to what extent has the recent experience of very small countries on the periphery reflected the baseline features of restructured inequalities of employment and gender as portrayed in the literature on global transformation during the late twentieth century? And second, given that the aggregate prosperity of Costa Rica since its economic crisis of the early 1980s has been premised on neoliberal reforms, to what extent have shifts in the gender contours of San Jose’s labor market amounted to recovery or loss compared with its socioeconomic exceptionalism of the pre-crisis era?
Defective platelet autocrine signaling in HPS.

In this issue of Blood , Meng et al[1][1] and Sharda et al[2][2] use the Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) as a model to show that adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP) released by dense granules serves as an autocrine signal to potentiate platelet release of α-granule and lysosome cargo and protein
SEMANTIC AND PHONOLOGICAL CODING PROCESSES IN SKILLED AND LESS SKILLED READERS' READING OF TEXT

Abstract Two experiments examine the memory coding processes of skilled and less skilled readers during the reading of connected text. In Experiment 1, students read several paragraphs which required a lexical decision about an underlined letter string within a sentence. Underlined letter strings were either synonyms, repeated words, or control words in reference to items in the sentence. Students were later asked to recall words related to their lexical decision, as well as verify the occurrence of sentences from the text. Skilled readers recalled more synonyms than poor readers, whereas no differences emerged between groups in their recall of other types of words related to the lexical task or for the verification of sentences. Experiment 2 procedures were similar to Experiment 1, except that synonyms were replaced with homophones and the sentence verification task included phrases related to the homophones. When compared to less skilled readers, skilled readers recalled more homophones and repeated wor...
Influence of aerobic fitness on ratings of perceived exertion during light to moderate exercise.

Based on scores from a maximal exercise test on a bicycle ergometer, 24 college-age women were classified into three aerobic-fitness groups. Each subject then completed two randomly ordered cycle exercise bouts at 1-wk. intervals. The exercise bouts required the subjects to pedal for 24 min. attaining and then maintaining a target heart rare of either 30% or 60% of heart-rate reserve. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were reported at the end of each third minute of the exercise period. Repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated the RPE was significantly related to the exercise workload and duration of exercise. No main effect was found for fitness. Two-way interactions were detected for fitness x duration of exercise and for workload x duration of exercise.
The regulatory effect of macrophages on the antigen-induced lymph node cell proliferative response.

Abstract Employing an antigen-induced T cell-dependent lymph node cell (LNC) proliferative assay in the mouse we observed differences in the capacity of unstimulated and thioglycollate-activated peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) to present antigen. Antigen-primed LNCs can be induced to proliferate by a brief (2 hr) antigen exposure and the addition of various numbers of thioglycollate PECs (thio-PECs) modifies the proliferative response depending on the ratio of PEC LNC in cultures. With ratios of 3–12% both DNA and protein synthesis were enhanced, but at ratios greater than 12% suppression was significant. Treatment of thio-PECs with mitomycin C, irradiation (3000 rad), anti-Thy 1.2, or anti-Ia plus complement did not alter suppression, suggesting the possibility that the Ia negative macrophages present in the PECs were involved in the suppression. An enhancing effect on the proliferative response was noted following the addition of small numbers of thio-PECs. This was comparable to that seen with an equivalent concentration of supernatant from thio-PECs suggesting that soluble factors play an important role. Two enhancing fractions (separated on a G-75 column) which were themselves mitogenic were identified which eluted with approximate molecular weights of 15,000 and 60,000.
Electroosmotic Flow in Nanofluidic Channels

We report the measurement of electroosmotic mobilities in nanofluidic channels with rectangular cross sections and compare our results with theory. Nanofluidic channels were milled directly into borosilicate glass between two closely spaced microchannels with a focused ion beam instrument, and the nanochannels had half-depths (h) of 27, 54, and 108 nm and the same half-width of 265 nm. We measured electroosmotic mobilities in NaCl solutions from 0.1 to 500 mM that have Debye lengths (κ–1) from 30 to 0.4 nm, respectively. The experimental electroosmotic mobilities compare quantitatively to mobilities calculated from a nonlinear solution of the Poisson–Boltzmann equation for channels with a parallel-plate geometry. For the calculations, ζ-potentials measured in a microchannel with a half-depth of 2.5 μm are used and range from −6 to −73 mV for 500 to 0.1 mM NaCl, respectively. For κh > 50, the Smoluchowski equation accurately predicts electroosmotic mobilities in the nanochannels. However, for κh < 10, the ...
An evidence-based approach to gastroenterology therapy

PHILIP SCHOENFELD,* DEBORAH COOK,‡ FRANK HAMILTON,§ LOREN LAINE,6 DAVID MORGAN,¶ and WALTER PETERSON# for the EVIDENCE–BASED GASTROENTEROLOGY STEERING GROUP *Division of Gastroenterology, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland; ‡Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario; §Digestive Diseases Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Bethesda, Maryland; 6Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; ¶Division of Gastroenterology, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, Ontario; and #University of Texas Southwestern Medical School and Medical Service, Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
The reduction of coenzyme Q10 by an anticoagulant sensitive enzyme from dog liver.

Abstract An enzyme obtained from dog liver, was found to catalyse the reduction of coenzyme Q10 by DPNH and TPNH. This activity was inhibited by various anticoagulants, such as, Dicumarol, Cumachlor, Tromexan, Warfarin, Phenindione, and Sintrom.
Revealing the Nature of Trapping Sites in Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide by Selective Surface Modification

Excess electrons in nanocrystalline TiO{sub 2} were studied in bare and dopamine-capped TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles by electron-beam pulse radiolysis. Reaction of hydrated electrons with dopamine-capped TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles was found to be at the diffusion-controlled limit, k = 1 x 10{sup 11} M{sup -1} s{sup -1}, while the reaction with 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl radicals, (CH{sub 3}){sub 2}{dot C}OH, was 2 orders of magnitude slower, k = 4 x 10{sup 8} M{sup -1} s{sup -1}. The reactions result in injection of electrons into the conduction band of TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles. Optical absorption spectra of injected excess electrons in dopamine-capped nanoparticles display monotonic featureless wavelength dependence up to 1800 nm. In contrast, bare particles have shown two preferential optical transitions with energies in the visible region ({lambda}{sub max} = 670 nm and {lambda}{sub max} = 900 nm). Flat band potential of dopamine-capped TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles was shifted by 100 mV to more negative values. The strong coupling of dopamine to surface Ti atoms was also found to improve the separation of photogenerated charges. This was demonstrated by the enhanced efficiency of photogenerated electrons in reducing silver cations to metallic silver in systems linked via a dopamine bridge, compared to the same systems linked throughmore » carboxyl groups.« less
Proton Coupled Electron Transfer and Redox-Active Tyrosine Z in the Photosynthetic Oxygen-Evolving Complex

Proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions play an essential role in many enzymatic processes. In PCET, redox-active tyrosines may be involved as intermediates when the oxidized phenolic side chain deprotonates. Photosystem II (PSII) is an excellent framework for studying PCET reactions, because it contains two redox-active tyrosines, YD and YZ, with different roles in catalysis. One of the redox-active tyrosines, YZ, is essential for oxygen evolution and is rapidly reduced by the manganese-catalytic site. In this report, we investigate the mechanism of YZ PCET in oxygen-evolving PSII. To isolate YZ(•) reactions, but retain the manganese-calcium cluster, low temperatures were used to block the oxidation of the metal cluster, high microwave powers were used to saturate the YD(•) EPR signal, and YZ(•) decay kinetics were measured with EPR spectroscopy. Analysis of the pH and solvent isotope dependence was performed. The rate of YZ(•) decay exhibited a significant solvent isotope effect, and the rate of recombination and the solvent isotope effect were pH independent from pH 5.0 to 7.5. These results are consistent with a rate-limiting, coupled proton electron transfer (CPET) reaction and are contrasted to results obtained for YD(•) decay kinetics at low pH. This effect may be mediated by an extensive hydrogen-bond network around YZ. These experiments imply that PCET reactions distinguish the two PSII redox-active tyrosines.
Effect of Diet and Population Density on Male Turkeys Under Various Environmental Conditions. 2. Body Composition and Meat Yield

Abstract Large White Nicholas male turkeys were reared at two stocking densities (.21 or .46 m2 per bird) and fed one of four diets: 1) control corn and soybean (mash) with 1% fat (CSM); 2) as Diet 1, pelleted (CSP); 3) as Diet 1 with supplemental fat increasing from 1 through 8% with age (CSF); and 4) as Diet 1 with barley at 0, 20, 35, 50, and 65% during successive 4-wk periods (CSB). The turkeys were reared in four environments: (A) intermittent light schedule [4(2 h light (L):4 h dark (D))] with temperature at 7 or 21 C during light and dark photoperiod, respectively; (B) and (D) with intermittent right (2L:4D) with a constant 21 and 7 C temperatures, respectively; (C) continuous light cycle (18L:6D) with temperatures as in Environment A. At 20 wk of age, two turkeys per replicate pen, were killed for determination of body composition and meat yield. Compared with turkeys fed CSM diet, those on CSF and CSP diet had increased percentage carcass fat. Meat yield per bird and percentage carcass fat were greater for turkeys reared at .46 m2 per bird compared with rearing at .21 m2 per bird. Pelleting and fat supplementation resulted in significantly increased amounts of breast meat and leg compared with CSM. Breast meat yield (percentage) and amount were greater at 7 C (Environment D) than at 21 C (Environment B) and the cycling regimen (Environment A). Percentage abdominal fat was greatest at 7 C. Interactions of environment and diet were detected for breast meat yield percentage (P
Synthesis and properties of elastomer‐modified epoxy–methacrylate sequential interpenetrating networks

The structure and properties of copolymerized sequential-interpenetrating networks (SeqIPNs) synthesized from amine-cured epoxies and free-radical polymerized dimethacrylates were examined. Materials were synthesized with and without the incorporation of an epoxy-terminated butadiene–nitrile reactive elastomer. Synthesis proceeded through full thermal cure of the epoxy–amine network, followed by polymerization of the methacrylate network. The methacrylate reactions were free-radically induced using thermal (peroxide-initiated) or photochemical [electron-beam (e-beam)] techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor epoxy–amine step-growth polymerization in situ and to measure final cure conversion of methacrylates. Structural examination of the IPNs using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed microphase separation in the neat–SeqIPN materials and macroscopic phase separation of rubber-rich domains for elastomer-modified networks. Dynamic mechanical analysis of the SeqIPN determined that the properties of the network are strongly dependent on the cure conditions. Furthermore, the viscoelastic behavior of the e-beam–cured SeqIPN could be adequately described by the Williams–Landel–Ferry and Kohrausch–Willams–Watts equations, presumably because of a strong coupling between the epoxy–amine and methacrylate networks. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 530–545, 2001
The Satyrica and the Greek Novel: Revisions and Some Open Questions

New discoveries and recent scholarship on Greek prose fiction both ideal and comicpicaresque encourage us to set aside traditional assumptions about the date and character of the Satyrica and to take a fresh look at its many (other) post-Neronian resonances.
Redefining Our Mission: What Does Higher Education Need From Student Affairs?

In this article, the authors argue that the relevance of student affairs depends on the will to redefine the mission, structures, and practices to provide the leadership that institutions require. They begin with an overview of challenges to higher education and student affairs, examine the implications of those challenges for student affairs, and conclude with specific ideas and examples for redefining student affairs work.
The Mg II h line in sunspot umbrae

Observations of the Mgii h line in the umbrae of five sunspots show a spread of a factor of 3 in peak intensity. This range is larger than, and brackets, the range found in a single umbra by Lites and Skumanich (1982).
Modeling the response of soil and surface waters in the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York to changes in atmospheric deposition and historical land disturbance

Abstract In this study, an integrated biogeochemical model (PnET-BGC) was used to evaluate the response of five forest ecosystems in the Adirondack and Catskill regions of New York to changes in atmospheric deposition and land disturbance. Model simulations showed that over the past 150 years, acidic deposition caused depletion of nutrient base cations (i.e., Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ), enhanced mobilization of aluminum (Al) and accumulation of sulfur (S) within the soil. Model simulations also showed that acidic deposition resulted in elevated concentrations of inorganic monomeric Al, sulfate (SO 4 2− ) and nitrate (NO 3 − ), and low values of pH and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) in surface waters. Model results also indicated that forest harvests resulted in enhanced leaching of base cations and NO 3 − over the short term (∼5 yr). Over the long term, forest harvesting influences surface water NO 3 − and base cation concentrations, and pH and ANC. The model was also used to predict the responses of these forest ecosystems to three emission control scenarios. Model simulations indicated that under the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment, these ecosystems showed little recovery after 2010. Additional reductions in strong acid inputs will result in significant benefits in terms of recovery from acidification. Under an aggressive control scenario, surface water ANC of these ecosystems was predicted to recover at rates ranging from 0.28 to 0.58 μeq l −1 yr −1 .
An analysis of immunocomplexes for the detection of the early stages of colon cancer

A radioimmunoassay was developed for the detection of the early stages of colon cancer by analysis of immune complexes (IC) with a specific polyclonal antibody. Human colon cancer cells were grown in a capillary culture system to provide unaltered antigens for the development of a specific antibody. The antibody was labeled with iodine 125 (125I) and used to analyze the antigen component of IC removed from whole serum. The assay was positive in 50% and 88% of known Dukes' A and Dukes' B colon cancer patients, respectively. It was also positive for only 25% of Dukes' C and 14% of Dukes' D patients, possibly because of the decreased quantity of specific IC found in the late stages of colon cancer. A blind study of patients referred for colonoscopy compared pathology diagnosis with the test results. The assay was positive for one patient with a polypoid adenocarcinoma (Dukes' B) and one with a villous adenoma and negative for 38 patients with benign polyps and 43 with no polyps. The assay was negative for all patients with stomach cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases and positive for about 10% of the patients with pancreas or breast cancer. The results of this preliminary investigation suggest that this radioimmunoassay may be useful for the detection of the early stages of colon cancer.
The classification of closed surfaces using colored graphs

A short graph theoretic proof of the classification of closed surfaces is given. The new proof has the feature that the symmetric canonical graphs for the surfaces do not correspond to the canonical polygons in the usual proof of the classification.
Performance of Thermoacoustic Refrigerators: Cooling Load and Coefficient of Performance

Thermoacoustic refrigeration is an environmentally safe refrigeration technology that has evolved over the past three decades [1–5]. The influence of working fluid on the performance of the thermoacoustic refrigerator (TAR) expressed in terms of the cooling load and the coefficient of performance is discussed in the paper. The calculations rely on the short stack boundary layer approximation. A simple model of a one-dimensional half wavelength resonance tube equipped with stack plates and a pair of heat exchangers was used as the physical model. It is known that a TAR with noble gases and their mixtures as working fluids can achieve high values of the coefficient of performance (COP) because of small Prandtl number values. The present study revealed and quantified that cooling load behavior is quite different from the performance in terms of the COP: the highest cooling load is achieved with pure Helium as the working fluid. A reason is the very high sound speed in Helium. TARs with Helium as the working fluids deliver the highest cooling load of all gases and their mixtures examined here, therefore it has been suggested as a limiting case of the most powerful TAR. The influence of geometry and thermophysical parameters of the device on TAR performance was studied systematically and a performance sensitiviy analysis was presented with particular emphasis on TAR cooling load.Copyright © 2008 by ASME and U.S. Government
Internal Control Reporting and Audit Report Lags: Further Evidence

SUMMARY: Internal control reporting continues to be of significant interest to regulators and legislators, as evidenced by the internal control-related requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act (2010) and the JOBS Act (2012) to exempt smaller firms from the requirements of Section 404. We extend prior research on the association between internal control weaknesses and audit report lag by (1) using data from 2008 and 2009, (2) comparing accelerated and non-accelerated filers, and (3) examining the impact of remediation of previously disclosed internal control problems. We find that (1) in 2008, the increase in audit report lag in the presence of material weaknesses in internal control is lower for non-accelerated filers as compared to accelerated filers, and (2) while the effect of a material internal control weakness on audit report lag is significantly lower in 2009 than in 2008 for accelerated filers, there is no such change for non-accelerated filers. We also find that for firms remediating previously disclo...
A comparison of drug-treated and untreated HCT-116 human colon adenocarcinoma cells using a 2-D liquid separation mapping method based upon chromatofocusing PI fractionation

A multidimensional chromatographic 2-D liquid-phase separation method has been developed for differential display of proteins from cell lysates and applied to a comparison of protein expression between Peninsularinone-treated and untreated HCT-116 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. The method involves fractionation according to pI using chromatofocusing with analytical columns in the first dimension followed by separation of the proteins in each pI fraction using nonporous reversed-phase HPLC. A 2-D map of the protein content of each cell line based upon pI versus hydrophobicity as detected by UV absorption was generated and a differential display map indicating the presence of up- or downregulated proteins displayed using ProteoVue and DeltaVue software. Using this method, > 1000 protein bands could be detected in 0.2 pH fractions over a pH range of 4-7. In addition, the liquid eluent from the separation was directed on-line into an electrospray TOF-MS to obtain an accurate molecular weight of the intact proteins. An accurate molecular weight together with the peptide map was used to obtain protein identification using database searching. The method has been shown to have high reproducibility for quantitative differential display analysis of interlysate comparisons, generation of accurate protein identifications, and ease of data interpretation. It has been used herein to identify proteins that change as a function of drug treatment. The relative simplicity of the current procedure and the potential for full automation will make this technique an essential tool in future proteomic studies.
Morphology of the hymen in twins

Abstract The external genital anatomy was examined and photographed in seven pairs of twins, including three identical sets, and one set of triplets to determine if the hymen's appearance is genetically determined. One hundred percent of identical twin sisters and 50% of nonidentical sisters had the same hymenal configuration. Clefts, external ridges, and tags frequently occurred in the same location on the rim in siblings. The authors conclude that the hymen's morphology may be partially genetically determined.
“The Self-Other Asymmetry and Act Utilitarianism.”

The self-other asymmetry is a prominent and important feature of common-sense morality. It is also a feature that does not find a home in standard versions of act-utilitarianism. Theodore Sider has attempted to make a place for it by constructing a novel version of utilitarianism that incorporates the asymmetry into its framework. So far as I know, it is the best attempt to bring the two together. I argue, however, that Sider's ingenious attempt fails. I also offer a diagnosis that explains why no theory that remains recognizably act-utilitarian can successfully incorporate the asymmetry.
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2: A Review

The new version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the MMPI-2, is described and critiqued in this article. The MMPI-2 has many positive features such as updated items, new norms, additional validity scales, and additional clinical scales for diagnosing problems not addressed by the original MMPI. There are, however, also many negative features for this test such as problems with the compatibility of code types and the representativeness of the norm group. Much research needs to be done before accurate interpretations can be made for all MMPI-2 profiles and the full potential of the test is realized.