cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nivolumab induced remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema in a patient with melanoma: a case report

Novel immune checkpoint inhibitors have been often utilized for different types of malignancies as salvage therapy with varying success. One obstacle to immune checkpoint inhibitor use is the higher incidence of immune-mediated side effects that can prompt discontinuation of therapy. Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema has been described with immune checkpoint inhibitors only once previously. We report a case of a patient who developed remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema related to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and stress that these symptoms can be managed without cessation of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. We present a 70-year-old white man who presented with 4 months of progressive inflammatory arthritis with pitting edema. He had been started on nivolumab therapy for his metastatic melanoma with excellent response prior to symptom onset. The symptoms started in his knees and subsequently involved both hands and feet. On evaluation, he was wheelchair bound and completely dependent for all activities of daily living. Evaluation revealed negative serological testing and plain film imaging. Ultrasound demonstrated diffuse flexor tenosynovitis and soft tissue swelling, and a diagnosis of remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema was made. He was treated with orally administered corticosteroids (0.5 mg/kg per day) which improved his symptoms significantly and allowed him to regain prior independent functioning. His corticosteroids were tapered (0.15 mg/kg per day) but not discontinued and his nivolumab treatment was not interrupted. In follow up he continued to have stable control of his melanoma as well as his remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema. In conclusion we present the first case of nivolumab-induced remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema that is controlled by maintenance low-dose orally administered corticosteroids allowing for continuation of nivolumab therapy. Clinicians who encounter mild-to-moderate immune checkpoint inhibitor immune-mediated adverse effects can consider maintaining immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy with concomitant low-dose corticosteroids rather than abrupt cessation of the immune checkpoint inhibitor.
CHAPTER VI – CONFIDENCE BOUNDS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a distinction between general confidence regions and simultaneous confidence intervals. Where several parameters, or parametric functions, are involved, the distinction is basically one between a general region and a rectangle or a hyper-rectangle. In the former case, the bounds on any parameter or parametric function depend on the other parameters or parametric functions, but in the latter case this is not so. Thus, in the latter case, the interval for any parametric function is functionally independent of the other parametric functions unlike in the former case, although, in both cases, there is dependence in terms of probability. This functional independence is quite convenient for use and interpretation. The parametric or the so-called distance functions discussed in the chapter are in every case such that the percentage points involved in the confidence bounds are those of a distribution function associated with the customary null hypothesis, and never those of a distribution function associated with the nonnull hypothesis.
Displayed and Effective Spreads By Market

This study explores the integration of the markets for NYSE-listed stocks. Although the NYSE bid or offer is part of the best displayed intermarket quote roughly ninety percent of the time, there is some evidence that non-NYSE markets do on occasion contribute to price discovery. Actual execution prices for NYSE-listed stocks sometimes fall within the best displayed intermarket quote. The average effective spread across all stocks is 13.5 cents, which is 76.2 percent of the best displayed intermarket spread. Often, the best displayed spread is almost double the average effective spread. For 100- and 200-share prints, the average effective spread on the NYSE is consistently less than on non-NYSE markets, but for prints of 1,000 to 3,000 shares, the reverse sometimes occurs.
Isolating Undischarged and Discharged Nematocysts from Acontiate Sea Anemones

The ability to obtain large quantities of isolated nematocysts provides material for the study of problems related to nematocyst discharge mechanisms and for the isolation and analysis of nematocyst toxins and capsule components (see Chapters 46, 47, and 48). To date, no satisfactory method has been developed for hydra. The procedure described is for isolating pure nematocyst suspensions from the acontia of some sea anemones.
Behavioral Studies of Genetic Differences in Alcohol Action

Many investigations of alcohol (ethanol) sensitivity have addressed the question of genetic determination using genetically defined animal populations, particularly mouse and rat stocks. Several reviews have appeared within the last decade that summarized much of the genetic rodent research on alcohol-related behavior (Belknap, 1980; Crabbe and Belknap, 1980; Horowitz and Dudek, 1983; Deitrich and Spuhler, 1984; Crabbe et al., 1985a; Phillips et al., 1989a). Our goal in this chapter is to review, summarize, and critique new information in the field, indicate how and why conclusions drawn from earlier reviews may have changed, and attempt to derive a more comprehensive picture of the contribution of genetic animal studies to research on alcohol’s behavioral effects.
The Feeding Value of Heat Damaged Distillers Grains in Cattle Diets

Heat damaged grain including distillers grain does have a salvage value as animal feed. The value of this material can be partially assessed by the visual appearance with darker or more burnt grain being of lesser value than the lighter colored.
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors: Achievement Orientation and Personality

The current study investigated the effects of personality variables as antecedents in predicting Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs), with the covenantal relationship as a mediating variable. 284 retail sales employees were administered 4 personality tests, a composite measure of the covenantal relationship, and a measure of citizenship behavior. Value for achievement, agreeableness, and conscientiousness predicted five types of organizational citizenship. Extraversion was not predictive across all citizenship behaviors. Implications for the relationship between personality and citizenship are discussed.
Minimizing buckling distortion in welding by hybrid laser-arc welding

Abstract: Low heat input welding technologies such as laser beam and hybrid laser-arc welding (HLAW), which have the ability to reduce weld distortion in thin-panel structures, are introduced. Low heat input laser and hybrid laser-arc welds were made on panels ranging from 1 to almost 6 m long and compared with conventional (high heat input) arc welding techniques. Experimental and analytical weld distortion data are presented to provide a direct comparison of conventional and advanced welding technologies. It is demonstrated that a hybrid laser arc weld process, which is well suited for today’s heavy manufacturing environment, can reduce distortion by a factor of 2 to 4 compared with conventional processes.
Sustained recovery of hematopoiesis and immunity following transplantation of fetal liver cells in dogs

We studied the ability of fetal liver cells to reconstitute hematopoiesis and immunity in lethally irradiated dogs. Engraftment and sustained lymphoid and hematopoietic recovery was achieved when the recipients received a preparative regime of high-dose total body irradiation (TBI) alone followed by transplantation of DLA-identical fetal liver. The combination of high-dose TBI and cyclosporine allowed engraftment in DLA-mismatched fetal liver transplants. Typical features of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) did not occur although autoimmune-like syndromes (myasthenia gravis, immune thrombocytopemia) were observed in some recipients. Hematopoietic recovery was rapid and complete. Recovery of T- and B-lymphocyte function was comparatively delayed, but sufficient to prevent opportunistic infections after the initial 3 months post transplant. These data indicate that cells from a single fetal liver can reconstitute hematopoiesis and immunity in DLA-mismatched recipients and suggest that human fetal liver cell transplantation may be an effective source of stem cells for patients who lack an HLA-identical donor for bone marrow transplantation.
Efficient Pole-Zero Modeling and Computation for the Nuttall Q-Function

The Nuttall Q-function is an extension of the Generalized Marcum Q-function that has seen many recent applications in the performance analysis of communications systems over fading channels. These include co-channel interference, eigenvalues associated with non-central Wishart distributions, and MIMO systems performance analysis. In this paper, we address the computational issues in a novel way. First, we interpret the function as a intensity fading distribution. We derive new results for the moment generating function and the moments. Second, we develop computational methods based on pole-zero modeling using the Pade approximation. This rational function model for the generating function leads to a sums-of-exponential model for the Nuttall-Q. Our results hold for non-integral values of the parameters.
An Examination and Interrogation of African American Males’ Racial Identity, Prosocial Behaviors and Aggression

Using multiple regression analysis and Pearson’s R, the current exploratory study of 89 African American male adolescents (M = 12.5 years old) examined relationships among REI (i.e., 20 as a social...
Universal premedication and therapeutic drug monitoring for asparaginase-based therapy prevents infusion-associated acute adverse events and drug substitutions.

Background Asparaginase is a critical component of lymphoblastic leukemia therapy, with intravenous pegaspargase (PEG) as the current standard product. Acute adverse events (aAEs) during PEG infusion are difficult to interpret, representing a mix of drug-inactivating hypersensitivity and noninactivating reactions. Asparaginase Erwinia chrysanthemi (ERW) is approved for PEG hypersensitivity, but is less convenient, more expensive, and yields lower serum asparaginase activity (SAA). We began a policy of universal premedication and SAA testing for PEG, hypothesizing this would reduce aAEs and unnecessary drug substitutions. Procedure Retrospective chart review of patients receiving asparaginase before and after universal premedication before PEG was conducted, with SAA performed 1 week later. We excluded patients who had nonallergic asparaginase AEs. Primary end point was substitution to ERW. Secondary end points included aAEs, SAA testing, and cost. Results We substituted to ERW in 21 of 122 (17.2%) patients pre-policy, and 5 of 68 (7.4%) post-policy (RR, 0.427; 95% CI, 0.27-0.69, P = 0.028). All completed doses of PEG yielded excellent SAA (mean, 0.90 units/mL), compared with ERW (mean, 0.15 units/mL). PEG inactivation post-policy was seen in 2 of 68 (2.9%), one silent and one with breakthrough aAE. The rate of aAEs pre/post-policy was 17.2% versus 5.9% (RR, 0.342; 95% CI, 0.20-0.58, P = 0.017). Grade 4 aAE rate pre/post-policy was 15% versus 0%. Cost analysis predicts $125 779 drug savings alone per substitution prevented ($12 402/premedicated patient). Conclusions Universal premedication reduced substitutions to ERW and aAE rate. SAA testing demonstrated low rates of silent inactivation, and higher SAA for PEG. A substantial savings was achieved. We propose universal premedication for PEG be standard of care.
Dragonfly larvae as biosentinels of Hg bioaccumulation in Northeastern and Adirondack lakes: relationships to abiotic factors.

Mercury (Hg) is a toxic pollutant, widespread in northeastern US ecosystems. Resource managers’ efforts to develop fish consumption advisories for humans and to focus conservation efforts for fish-eating wildlife are hampered by spatial variability. Dragonfly larvae can serve as biosentinels for Hg given that they are widespread in freshwaters, long-lived, exhibit site fidelity, and bioaccumulate relatively high mercury concentrations, mostly as methylmercury (88% ± 11% MeHg in this study). We sampled lake water and dragonfly larvae in 74 northeastern US lakes that are part of the US EPA Long-Term Monitoring Network, including 45 lakes in New York, 43 of which are in the Adirondacks. Aqueous dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total Hg (THg) were strongly related to MeHg in lake water. Dragonfly larvae total mercury ranged from 0.016–0.918 μg/g, dw across the study area; Adirondack lakes had the minimum and maximum concentrations. Aqueous MeHg and dragonfly THg were similar between the Adirondack and Northeast regions, but a majority of lakes within the highest quartile of dragonfly THg were in the Adirondacks. Using landscape, lake chemistry, and lake morphometry data, we evaluated relationships with MeHg in lake water and THg in dragonfly larvae. Lakewater DOC and lake volume were strong predictors for MeHg in water. Dragonfly THg Bioaccumulation Factors (BAFs, calculated as [dragonfly THg]:[aqueous MeHg]) increased as lake volume increased, suggesting that lake size influences Hg bioaccumulation or biomagnification. BAFs declined with increasing DOC, supporting a potential limiting effect for MeHg bioavailability with higher DOC.
Shape Formation in Homogeneous Swarms Using Local Task Swapping

The task of shape formation in robot swarms can often be reduced to two tasks—assigning goal locations to each robot and creating a collision-free path to that goal. In this article, we present a distributed algorithm that solves these tasks concurrently, enabling a swarm of robots to move and form a shape quickly and without collision. A user can specify a desired shape as an image, send that to a swarm of identically programmed robots, and the swarm will move all robots to goal locations within the desired shape. This algorithm was executed on a swarm of up to 1024 simulated robots and a swarm of 100 real robots, showing that it reliably converges to all robots forming the shape.
Periodic Solutions: The Natural Setup

Among time scales, periodic ones deserve a special interest since they enable researchers to develop a theory for the existence of periodic solutions of dynamic equations on time scales (see for example Bi et al. (Nonlinear Anal 68(5):1226–1245, 2008), Bohner and Warth (Appl Anal 86(8):1007–1015, 2007), Kaufmann and Raffoul (J Math Anal Appl 319(1):315–325, 2006; Electron J Differ Equ 2007(27):12, 2007)). This chapter is devoted to the study of periodic solutions based on the definition of periodicity given by Kaufmann and Raffoul (J Math Anal Appl 319(1):315–325, 2006) and Atici et al. (Dynamic Systems and Applications, vol. 3, pp. 43–48, 2001). In this section, we cover natural setup of periodicity. For the conventional definition of periodic time scale and periodic functions on periodic time scales we refer to Definitions 1.5.1 and 1.5.2, respectively. Based on the Definitions 1.5.1 and 1.5.2, periodicity and existence of periodic solutions of dynamic equations on time scales were studied by various researchers and for first papers on the subject we refer to Adivar and Raffoul (Ann Mat Pura Appl 188(4):543–559, 2009; Comput Math Appl 58(2):264–272, 2009), Bi et al. (Nonlinear Anal 68(5):1226–1245, 2008), Kaufmann and Raffoul (J Math Anal Appl 319(1):315–325, 2006; Electron J Differ Equ 2007(27):12, 2007), and Liu and Li (Nonlinear Anal 67(5):1457–1463, 2007). We begin by introducing the concept of periodicity and then apply the concept to finite delay neutral nonlinear dynamical equations and to infinite delay Volterra integro-dynamic equations of variant forms by appealing to Schaefer fixed point theorem. The a priori bound will be obtained by the aid of Lyapunov-like functionals. Effort will be made to expose the improvement when we set the time scales to be the set of reals or integers. Then we proceed to study the existence of periodic solutions of almost linear Volterra integro-dynamic equations by utilizing Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorem (see Theorem 1.1.17). We will be examining the relationship between boundedness and the existence of periodic solutions. We will also be giving existence results for almost automorphic solutions of the delayed neutral dynamic system. We will end this chapter by proving existence results by using a fixed point theorem based on the large contraction.
Applying forces to generate cartograms: a fast and flexible transformation framework

Automatic production of contiguous area cartograms has become practical with computer algorithms, particularly applying forces to rubber-sheets and simulating diffusion processes. Reformulating the...
Binge eating, but not dietary restraint, moderates the association between unhealthy food marketing exposure and sugary food consumption

Abstract Restrained eaters, those who exercise dietary restraint and often experience dietary lapses, may be particularly susceptible to food marketing. Findings are mixed as to whether restrained eaters consume more food after exposure to unhealthy food marketing, and little is known about whether food marketing may have more impact on those who exercise successful dietary restraint as compared with those who experience dietary lapses, such as binge eating. In the current study, participants were 38 young women, ages 18–22 years old. Both dietary restraint and binge eating were measured by the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire. Participants viewed both unhealthy food commercials and non-food commercials two separate times in the laboratory, and ad libitum candy intake was subsequently measured. Results indicated that participants who endorsed binge eating ate significantly more candy than those who did not endorse binge eating after they viewed unhealthy food commercials F (1, 35) = 20.49, p
Failure of Posterior Capsulolabral Repair is Correlated with Percent of Glenoid Bone Loss

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate previously described advanced MRI measures specific to posterior bone loss on both standard and manually reformatted MRIs in patients who underwent posterior shoulder capsulolabral repair. It was hypothesized that those who failed surgical repair would have increased posterior glenoid bone loss and decreased glenoid width.
Personalized approach for type 2 diabetes pharmacotherapy: where are we and where do we need to be?

Introduction Cluster analysis has identified distinct groups of type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects with distinct metabolic characteristics. Thus, personalizing pharmacologic therapy to individual phenotypic and pathophysiologic characteristics has potential to improve metabolic control and reduce risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Areas covered The authors review the classification of T2D, genetic markers, pathophysiology and natural history of T2D, the ABCDE approach to therapy, the ADA/EASD stepwise approach to therapy, available antidiabetic agents, and provide a more rational therapeutic approach based upon pathophysiology and cardiovascular and renal outcome trials. Expert opinion Although insulin resistance is the earliest detectable abnormality, overt T2D does not occur in the absence of progressive beta cell failure. Because of the complex etiology of T2D (Ominous Octet), initiation of therapy with combined agents that (i) target both insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction and (ii) prevent macrovascular, as well as microvascular, complications will be required. The ratio of C-peptide at 120 minutes (OGTT) to baseline C-peptide predicts with high sensitivity who will respond to metformin, the response to glucose-lowering agents and provides a useful tool to guide optimal glucose lowering therapy.
Gray Matter Variation in the Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus Is Associated with Polymorphisms in the KIAA0319 Gene in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Determining the impact that the KIAA0319 gene has on primate brain morphology can provide insight into the evolution of human cognition and language systems. Here, we tested whether polymorphisms in KIAA0319 in chimpanzees account for gray matter volumetric variation in brain regions implicated in language and communication (particularly within the posterior superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus). First, we identified the nature and frequencies of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in KIAA0319 in a sample of unrelated chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes spp.). Next, we genotyped a subset of SNVs (those important for gene regulation or likely to alter protein structure/function) in a sample of chimpanzees for which in vivo T1-structural magnetic resonance imaging scans had been obtained. We then used source-based morphometry (SBM) to test for whole-brain gray matter covariation differences between chimpanzees with different KIAA0319 alleles. Finally, using histologic sections of 15 postmortem chimpanzee brains, we analyzed microstructural variation related to KIAA0319 polymorphisms in the posterior superior temporal cortex. We found that the SNVs were associated with variation in gray matter within several brain regions, including the posterior superior temporal gyrus (a region associated with language comprehension and production in humans). The microstructure analysis further revealed hemispheric differences in neuropil fraction, indicating that KIAA0319 expression may be involved in regulation of processes related to the formation and maintenance of synapses, dendrites, or axons within regions associated with communication. Significance Statement Studying the impact of language-related genes on primate brain morphology can provide insight into the evolution of human cognition and language systems. Here, we show that two KIAA0319 variants in chimpanzees are linked to differences in gray matter volume of the posterior superior temporal gyrus, a region associated with language comprehension and production in humans. Examination of the microstructure of this region showed that one KIAA0319 variant is associated with hemispheric differences in neuropil fraction, indicating that KIAA0319 expression may be involved in the formation and maintenance of synapses, dendrites, or axons within a region directly involved in communication. Together, these findings suggest that KIAA0319 variants may underlie individual variation in auditory processing and associated brain regions in nonhuman primates.
The AEP Property of Random Sequences and Applications to Information Theory: Part I Basic Principles

Consider a biased coin with probability of heads p. If p does not equal 0 or 1, there is not much that one can say with certainty about a single toss of the coin. However, for a sequence of N independent tosses, if one chooses N large enough one can make statements about the composition of this sequence which will be true with probability as close to 1 as desired.
Probabilities from entanglement, Born's rule p k = ∣ ψ k ∣ 2 from envariance

I show how probabilities arise in quantum physics by exploring the implications of environment-assisted invariance or envariance, a recently discovered symmetry exhibited by entangled quantum systems. Envariance of perfectly entangled 'Bell-like' states can be used to rigorously justify complete ignorance of the observer about the outcome of any measurement on either of the members of the entangled pair. For more general states, envariance leads to Born's rule p{sub k}{proportional_to} vertical bar {psi}{sub k} vertical bar{sup 2} for the outcomes associated with Schmidt states. The probabilities derived in this manner are an objective reflection of the underlying state of the system--they represent experimentally verifiable symmetries, and not just a subjective 'state of knowledge' of the observer. This envariance-based approach is compared with and found to be superior to prequantum definitions of probability including the standard definition based on the 'principle of indifference' due to Laplace and the relative frequency approach advocated by von Mises. Implications of envariance for the interpretation of quantum theory go beyond the derivation of Born's rule: Envariance is enough to establish the dynamical independence of preferred branches of the evolving state vector of the composite system and, thus, to arrive at the environment-induced superselection (einselection) of pointermore » states, which was usually derived by an appeal to decoherence. The envariant origin of Born's rule for probabilities sheds light on the relation between ignorance (and, hence, information) and the nature of quantum states.« less
The European Union Internet Copyright Directive as Even More Than it Envisions: Toward a Supra-EU Harmonization of Copyright Policy and Theory

Evolving global markets in electronic commerce highlight the importance of developing a copyright regime capable of flowing with the changing landscape of international intellectual property law. Traditional boundaries based on time and distance erode as business, education, and the world at large become more digitized. In order to respond to the increasingly widespread digital age, copyright law must become less nationalistic and more global in scale. Both the United States and the European Union have acknowledged the dynamics of intellectual property in today's digital revolution. The United States has responded with, among others, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act, and the European Union has similarly answered with its Directives on Copyright and £-Commerce. Historically, the United States, in contrast with the European Union, has shown reluctance to recognize moral rights as an important aspect of copyright law. Going forward, it is in the interest of both trading entities to work together to create a more harmonized market that will be better suited to international business in the 21st century.
Trace-Based Abstract Interpretation of Operational Semantics

We present trace-based abstract interpretation, a unification of several lines of research on applying Cousot-Cousot-style abstract interpretation a.i. to operational semantics definitions (such as flowchart, big-step, and small-step semantics) that express a program‘s semantics as a concrete computation tree of trace paths. A program‘s trace-based a.i. is also a computation tree whose nodes contain abstractions of state and whose paths simulate the paths in the program‘s concrete computation tree. Using such computation trees, we provide a simple explanation of the central concept of collecting semantics, and we distinguish concrete from abstract collecting semantics and state-based from path-based collecting semantics. We also expose the relationship between collecting semantics extraction and results garnered from flow-analytic and model-checking-based analysis techniques. We adapt concepts from concurrency theory to formalize “safe” and “live” a.i.‘s for computation trees; in particular, coinduction techniques help extend fundamental results to infinite computation trees. Problems specific to the various operational semantics methodologies are discussed: Big-step semantics cannot express divergence, so we employ a mixture of induction and coinduction in response; small-step semantics generate sequences of program configurations unbounded in size, so we abstractly interpret source language syntax. Applications of trace-based a.i. to data-flow analysis, model checking, closure analysis, and concurrency theory are demonstrated.
Food safety as a global public good

Globalization of the food system increases the shared risks from food safety, making it a global public good. Globally shared food safety risks include microbial pathogens, pesticide residues, or mycotoxins. Food safety is addressed as a global public good through improved private sector information, institutional innovations such as the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards Agreement under the World Trade Organization, and trade capacity building to improve food safety in developing country exports. Although meeting standards for high-income consumers motivates trade facilitation, there could be large positive spillovers for developing country consumers from such investments.
Group Cognition in Computer-Assisted Collaborative Learning

Recent research on instructional technology has focused increasingly on the potential of computer support to promote collaborative learning. Socio-cultural theories have been imported from cognate fields to suggest that cognition and learning take place at the level of groups and communities as well as individuals. Various positions on this issue have been proposed and a number of theoretical perspectives have been recommended. In particular, the concept of common ground has been developed to explain how meanings and understandings can be shared by multiple individuals. This paper takes a critical look at the concept of shared meaning as it is generally used and proposes an empirical study of how group cognition is constituted in practice.
Unusual Estimates of Probability Weighting Functions

I present new estimates of the probability weighting functions found in rank-dependent theories of choice under risk. These estimates are unusual in two senses. First, they are free of functional form assumptions about both utility and weighting functions, and they are entirely based on binary discrete choices and not on matching or valuation tasks, though they depend on assumptions concerning the nature of probabilistic choice under risk. Second, estimated weighting functions contradict widely held priors of an inverse-s shape: Instead I usually find populations dominated by “optimists” who uniformly overweight best outcomes in risky options. A salience-based theory of choice may help to explain this. Additionally, the choice pairs I use here mostly do not provoke similarity-based simplifications. In a third experiment, I show that the presence of choice pairs that provoke similarity-based computational shortcuts does indeed flatten estimated probability weighting functions.
Symbolic and numerical computer analysis of the combined local and overall buckling of rectangular thin-walled columns☆

Abstract This paper describes the combined use of symbolic formula manipulations and numerical computations in the study of the interaction, within the elastic range, of local (plate) and overall (column) buckling of rectangular thin-walled tubular columns. The study is made using the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure. The selection of the analytical expression for the assumed deflected shape has been based on existing solutions for column and plate action considered individually. The minimization of the total energy of the column is performed by the computer using a symbol manipulation package (Macsyma). This minimization yields a set of nonlinear simultaneous algebraic equations which are then solved numerically. The problems encountered in implementing the formal and numerical parts of the computations (as well as their interaction) are discussed in the paper. The results of the computer analysis are presented in the form of diagrams showing the variation of the important generalized coordinates with the applied load. Table of contents 1. Introduction 17 7. Symbolic formula manipulation 27 2. Statement of problem 18 8. Numerical computations 30 3. Method of solution 19 9. Results 32 4. Basic assumptions 19 10. Conclusions 36 5. Notations 20 Acknowledgements 37 6. Theory 21 References 38
On the theory of folding kinetics for short proteins

Background Recent data have suggested two principles that are central to the work we describe here. First, proteins are the result of evolutionary ‘sequence selection' to optimize the energy of the native state. Second, the overlap with the native state is a qualitatively suitable reaction coordinate for modeling folding kinetics. The former principle is bolder and better established. Results Employing only these two principles, we have constructed a non-phenomenological, correlated energy landscape theory that predicts single barrier protein folding kinetics. Moreover, we are able to analytically describe the nature of the free energetic barrier between the denatured and native states of a protein and to detail the nature of folding kinetics for short proteins. Our model predicts Hammond behavior and also describes how mutations can lead to drastic differences in folding times. Conclusion We find that folding and unfolding kinetics can be characterized by a single thermodynamic parameter and, moreover, that Monte Carlo simulation data on folding and unfolding rates with different temperatures and mutations collapse with this characterization. Our results also delineate a regime in which kinetics may proceed via a single unique nucleus.
Early diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome

A 3-year-old boy presented with decreased renal function, hypertension, obesity and developmental delay. Evaluation of his kidneys revealed blunting of the calyces and multiple renal cortical cysts. Ophthalmologic evaluation showed no abnormalities on examination but electroretinography showed reduced retinal function suggesting a diffuse retinal disorder. Based on the clinical presentation with the associated abnormalities, the diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome, a form of the Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome was made. This syndrome should be considered and specific diagnostic efforts should be made in pediatric patients who present with renal failure and obesity.
Intersubband transitions and subband-Landau-level coupling in a vicinally oriented Si n-type inversion layer.

Intersubband transitions on (118) Si $n$-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors have been observed with light propagation parallel to the magnetic field and field normal to the sample surface. In this geometry, coupling of the cyclotron motion to the intersubband transition dipole results from the anisotropic energy surfaces. Intersubband transition energies are unaffected by the magnetic field for subband transition energies much greater than cyclotron resonance. When the two transitions approach each other, large subband-Landau-level coupling is observed and is explained by a simple Drude model calculation.
A Cognitive Model of Customer-Based Brand Equity for Frequently Purchased Products: Conceptual Framework and Empirical Results

The main purpose of this research is to identify the underlying cognitive structure of brand equity. Existing research on brand equity is used to identify 4 cognitive “components” of customer-based brand equity. These are labeled as global brand attitude, strength of preference, brand knowledge, and brand heuristic . A conceptual framework of how these components (or subconstructs) are interrelated is proposed and empirically tested using data from 2 frequently purchased product categories. Covariance structure modeling is used as the analysis methodology. The results indicate that all the identified cognitive components are important determinants of customer-based brand equity. Specifically, the brand heuristic component serves as an important mediator in 2 “cognitive chains” that link global brand attitude to brand knowledge and global brand attitude to strength of preference, respectively. The study findings have important implications for designing equity maintenance strategies for frequently purchased products.
Centroid-moment tensor solutions for April-June 1989

Abstract Centroid-moment tensor solutions are presented for 226 earthquakes that occurred during the second quarter of 1989. The solutions are obtained using corrections for aspherical Earth structure.
Strangeness in the nucleon

Abstract Evidence for strangeness in the nucleon is reviewed, and models to explain strangeness contributions to specific matrix elements are discussed. A dynamical mechanism for the admixture of polarized s s pairs to the nucleon wave function is suggested as the origin of the spin asymmetry of the strange sea. An experimental test of this mechanism, through measurement of spin transfer in the reaction p p → Λ Λ , is described.
Scour upstream of a circular orifice under constant head

The transport mechanism as well as the extent and the shape of the scour upstream of a circular orifice is investigated under steady flow conditions for different sediment sizes and heads on the or...
Active transport of myo-inositol and its relation to the sugar transport system in hamster small intestine.

Abstract Incubation in vitro of segments of hamster small intestine has been used to study the mode of absorption of myo- inositol . By all current criteria, myo- inositol is actively transported. We have observed accumulation against a concentration gradient, energy-dependence, Na+-dependence, phlorizin sensitivity, and saturation kinetics with a K m of 0.14 mM. Sugars which interact with and undergo the translocation step of glucose transport are non-competitive inhibitors of the transport of myo- inositol . myo- Inositol has no effect on the d -glucose transport system. Phlorizin interacts competitively with the myo- inositol binding site with an affinity 10–100-fold less than it has for the common sugar binding site. These results indicate that the pathway for myo- inositol to cross the brush border membrane is not entirely the same as the d -glucose pathway. However, they also indicate that there is an interaction between the two at the level of translocation.
Colloquial Hindi: The Complete Course For Beginners

This is a thoroughly modern and accessible course in Hindi. The author is a highly respected scholar and teacher of the Indic languages. Hindi script and Romanized script is taught.
Determination of Myoglobin Oxygenation Rates in Pork, Beef, and Lamb by Munsell and Reflectance Colorimetry

SUMMARY Oxygenation rates of pork, beef, and lamb were determined by Munsell disk calorimetry and by the Gardner automatic color-difference meter. From the data obtained, recommendations can be made for the time to read color as a prediction of total color change due to oxygenation. Measurements can be renotated by Munsell calorimetry after 30 min for pork, 75 for beef, and 45 for lamb. Readings can be made by reflectance after 45 min for pork, 30 for beef, and 30 for lamb. The effect of oxygenation upon Munsell and reflectance measurements was also studied. The Munsell renotations appeared to increase in redness, or hue, and intensity of chroma, while value remained constant. Readings of the Gardner meter increased greatly in a1 (redness) whereas b1,(yellowness) increased less. The L readings, indicative of value, remained constant. A comparison between the two methods indicated a highly significant negative correlation between a1 of reflectance and index of reddening of Munsell calorimetry.
Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use in Teens: Prevalence, Demographics, and Perception of Effects

Multiple risks are associated with early use of anabolic androgenic steroids, yet public understanding is limited and teen use not uncommon. The present study surveyed 4,231 high school students to understand prevalence of use, association with athletics and other substance use and expectations of drug effects. While overall rates of steroid use were low (1.4%), use was higher in males and those participating in at least one school sport. Half (49%) of the high school students believed that steroids improved athletic performance and 38% reported that use improves appearance. Recreational drug use and frequency of drug use increased risk for steroid use.
Homeostatic mechanisms for cation regulation in Acanthamoeba sp

The effects of tonicity on unidirectional movements of 42K and 24Na, and cation contents of cells, isolated mitochondria and cell fractions were investigated in Acanthamoeba sp. No concentration gradient of freely exchangeable K or Na appears to exist between the amoebae and their isolated mitochondria in the same medium. More Na is bound by mitochondria than is K. Freely exchangeable K is maintained against a concentration gradient by Acanthamoeba cells, suggesting the existence of an “active” K influx. Exchangeable cell Na assumes that concentration found in the medium. In isotonic balanced salt media some 80 per cent of cell Na is bound, whereas 40–50 per cent of cell K is bound. Changes in tonicity alter membrane permeability to K but not to Na. Hypertonicity causes a loss of cell K despite a decreased cell size, suggesting that the K “pump” may be inactivated under these conditions. At least three homeostatic mechanisms for the regulation of K+ and Na+ concentrations are indicated: (1) osmosis, (2) active transport and (3) cation binding. The latter is postulated from the present data, and may be of some significance in cells confronted with tonicity changes in their environment. The large fractions of Na and K which are non-exchangeable were shown to be associated with some component in the supernatant fraction of the amoeba cell.
Rabconnectin3α Promotes Stable Activity of the H+ Pump on Synaptic Vesicles in Hair Cells

Acidification of synaptic vesicles relies on the vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) and provides the electrochemical driving force for neurotransmitter exchange. The regulatory mechanisms that ensure assembly of the V-ATPase holoenzyme on synaptic vesicles are unknown. Rabconnectin3α (Rbc3α) is a potential candidate for regulation of V-ATPase activity because of its association with synaptic vesicles and its requirement for acidification of intracellular compartments. Here, we provide the first evidence for a role of Rbc3α in synaptic vesicle acidification and neurotransmission. In this study, we characterized mutant alleles of rbc3α isolated from a large-scale screen for zebrafish with auditory/vestibular defects. We show that Rbc3α is localized to basal regions of hair cells in which synaptic vesicles are present. To determine whether Rbc3α regulates V-ATPase activity, we examined the acidification of synaptic vesicles and localization of the V-ATPase in hair cells. In contrast to wild-type hair cells, we observed that synaptic vesicles had elevated pH, and a cytosolic subunit of the V-ATPase was no longer enriched in synaptic regions of mutant hair cells. As a consequence of defective acidification of synaptic vesicles, afferent neurons in rbc3α mutants had reduced firing rates and reduced accuracy of phase-locked action potentials in response to mechanical stimulation of hair cells. Collectively, our data suggest that Rbc3α modulates synaptic transmission in hair cells by promoting V-ATPase activity in synaptic vesicles.
Characterization of a reusable PRESAGE® 3D dosimeter

This study investigates a reusable PRESAGE® 3D dosimeter (Presage-RU), which would improve cost-effectiveness and facilitate wider implementation of comprehensive, high resolution 3D dosimetry. Small (1x1x4.5 cm) and large (8 cm diameter, 4.5 cm length) sample dosimeters were irradiated multiple times to characterize dose response (i.e. radiation-induced change in optical density (ΔOD)), optical clearing rate, and dose distribution stability. Presage- RU exhibited an initial dose response sensitivity of 0.0119 ΔOD/(cm-Gy), a reduction in response with subsequent irradiations, and a small, permanent ΔOD (~1-6% of initial signal) following each irradiation. Dosimeters optically cleared at an exponential rate (average T1/2 = 24.8±3.6 h), and were effectively cleared after ~5-8 days. 3D gamma analysis (3%/3mm, 10% dose threshold) of a 4-field box plan applied to the large dosimeter showed good agreement following initial irradiation (96.6% passing), but a reduction in passing rate (89.1% passing) with subsequent irradiation. Further study is warranted to fully assess and quantify the performance of Presage-RU for repeat irradiations.
Metabolic studies of bone in uremia before and after treatment.

Abstract To ascertain the frequency and severity of bone disease in terminal chronic renal failure and to evaluate the effects of chronic hemodialysis and renal transplantation upon it, bone biopsies have been obtained in 11 functionally anephric patients before and after treatment. The results of metabolic and histologic studies of the tissue obtained have been examined in the light of their clinical findings. These studies indicate that bone disease (often severe) is present in virtually all patients in the terminal phase of renal failure, even though clinical evidence of it may be absent; the metabolic changes present in the skeleton are characteristic of hyperparathyroidism, but evidence of osteomalacia can also be found by morphologic methods in most patients; and hemodialysis, even though apparently clinically effective, only rarely arrested or reversed the process, successful renal transplantation (or the immunosuppressive therapy that followed it) was the only therapy that appeared to have significant beneficial effects.
Hydroxylamine and reactive acyls.

Abstract Conditions for the selective and complete reactivity of thiol esters with hydroxylamine are described, and conditions hazardous to the successful isolation of hydroxamates are presented. The R f values of a series of biological compounds are tabulated.
The universal class has a spinozistic partitioning

Def: A is a Spinozistic partitioning2 (Sp) of Y if and only if A is an infinite sequence satisfying the following conditions : (i) Y={J?<xA?, and A?nAy = 0, for all ordinals ?, y<A, where ?^y (and where ,4 = the cardinality (or length) of the sequence A); in other words, A is a partitioning of Y. (ii) ?? = ?, for every ?<?. (iii) A?C^Ay, for every ?, y<?; in other words, A? is e-isomorphic to Ay, which means that there exists a one-one mapping /from A? onto^4y such that (Vx, yeA?) {xey = f(x)ef(y)).
A regional analysis of South Carolina tourism

Abstract This article describes a regional analysis of tourism resources in South Carolina, USA. The intent of the study was to replicate a methodology developed by Smith (1987) in a dissimilar spatial context. Four tourism resource indices were formulated and used to develop six different types of county clusters, which describe the basic structure of tourism resources in the state. The study compares the regional pattern of county clusters with four measures of economic importance of tourism. Such comparison was made to illustrate the significance of tourism in each county, and give a better understanding of tourism characteristics within the state. The study concludes that Smith's methodology is also applicable to the South Carolina situation.
Recent developments in psychoanalytic ego psychology and their implications for diagnostic testing.

(1960). Recent Developments in Psychoanalytic Ego Psychology and Their Implications for Diagnostic Testing. Journal of Projective Techniques: Vol. 24, Silver Anniversary Issue, pp. 254-266.
Natural history of deep vein thrombosis in children

ObjectiveTo determine the natural history of deep vein thrombosis in children presented with a first episode in the lower extremity veins.MethodsChildren with objective diagnosis of acute deep vein thrombosis were followed up with ultrasound and clinical examination. Risk factors and clinical presentation were prospectively collected. The prevalence of recurrent deep vein thrombosis and the development of signs and symptoms of chronic venous disease were recorded.ResultsThere were 27 children, 15 males and 12 females, with acute deep vein thrombosis, with a mean age of 4 years, range 0.1–16 years. The median follow-up was 23 months, range 8–62 months. The location of thrombosis involved the iliac and common femoral vein in 18 patients and the femoral and popliteal veins in 9. Only one vein was affected in 7 children, two veins in 14 and more than two veins in 6. Recurrent deep vein thrombosis occurred in two patients, while no patient had a clinically significant pulmonary embolism. Signs and symptoms of ...