cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensory and psychological factors predict exercise-induced shoulder injury responses in a high-risk phenotype cohort

Abstract Our prior studies identified a high-risk phenotype (ie, high pain sensitivity variant of the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism [SNP] rs6269) and pain catastrophizing scores) for shoulder pain. The current study identified sensory and psychological predictors of heightened pain responses following exercise-induced shoulder injury. Healthy participants (N = 131) with the SNP rs6269 catechol-O-methyltransferase gene and Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores ≥5 underwent baseline sensory and psychological testing followed by an established shoulder fatigue protocol, to induce muscle injury. Movement-evoked pain, pain intensity, disability, and strength were assessed 24 hours postinjury. Demographic, sensory, and psychological variables were included as predictors in full and parsimonious models for each outcome. The highest variance explained was for the shoulder disability outcome (full model R2 = .20, parsimonious R2 = .13). In parsimonious models, the individual predictors identified were: 1) 1st pulse heat pain sensitivity for isometric shoulder movement-evoked pain and pain intensity; 2) pressure pain threshold for shoulder disability; 3) fear of pain for active shoulder movement-evoked pain and shoulder disability; and 4) depressive symptoms for shoulder strength. Findings indicate specific pain sensitivity and psychological measures may have additional prognostic value for self-reported disability within a high-risk phenotype. These findings should be tested in a clinical cohort for validation. Perspective The current study extends previous work by providing insight regarding how poor shoulder outcomes may develop within a high-risk phenotype. Specifically, 1st pulse heat pain sensitivity and pressure pain threshold were sensory measures, and fear of pain and depressive symptoms were psychological measures, that improved prediction of different shoulder outcomes.
Anesthetic techniques used for pulsed dye laser (PDL) in the treatment of port-wine birthmarks: An exploratory assessment of current attitudes and practice patterns among pediatric dermatologists in the United States.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Pulsed dye laser (PDL) is the gold standard for treating port-wine birthmarks (PWBs), but no consensus exists regarding anesthetic techniques when performing PDL for PWB. Given potential adverse neurocognitive effects from general anesthesia (GA) exposure in early childhood, we sought to establish current attitudes and practice patterns regarding anesthesia when treating PWB with PDL. METHODS An electronic REDCap survey was distributed to members of the Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA) and the Society for Pediatric Dermatology (SPD) via email. Aggregate, anonymized results were reported. RESULTS Among 47 respondents, the majority (83%) identified as board-certified pediatric dermatologists. When treating children <4 years old, 70% endorsed some use of topical anesthesia. Although 87% reported concerns about long-term side effects on development and school performance affecting their pursuit of GA, 61% reported use of GA for PDL in children <4 years old. All 4 (100%) respondents whose PDL was located in the operating room (OR) setting reported use of GA, compared to 6 of 17 (35%) respondents whose PDL machine was not located in the OR. Providers were more likely to use GA in patients between 1 and 4 years old (70%) compared to those <1 year old (2%). CONCLUSIONS Diverse practice patterns reiterate the need for a standardized anesthetic approach for PDL in young children and continued research on other factors (ie, location/accessibility of PDL, lesion size) impacting anesthesia choices. Given potential neurodevelopmental risks associated with GA, specific guidance to effectively minimize its use in favor of topical anesthetics should be provided.
Conceptualizing and Operationalizing Empathic Expressions: A Communication Perspective

This research focuses on developing and providing validation for Empathic Expressions Scale (EES). Three studies were conducted using different samples: (1) a qualitative study that uncovered empat...
Improving Acceptability and Uptake Behavior for Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy.

Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) programs have the potential to improve access to mental healthcare, but they are not viewed as acceptable nor widely utilized by the general public. This study tested whether two acceptance-facilitating interventions improved acceptability and uptake-related behavior for therapist assisted and self-guided iCBT. Participants were randomly assigned to read a treatment rationale for iCBT (vs. a brief definition) and to receive a small financial incentive (or not) for seeking more information about evidence-based iCBT programs. Participants (N = 662) were a diverse group recruited from a university participant pool and the surrounding community. Participants completed standardized measures of attitudes towards and outcome expectancy for iCBT and a single question about willingness to use it and were given the opportunity to get information about accessing evidence-based iCBT programs. A series of MANCOVAs showed small, positive effects of the treatment rationale on attitudes and outcome expectancy for both self-guided and therapist-assisted iCBT, but not for willingness to use it. A hierarchical logistic regression model found no effect of the treatment rationale or financial incentive on whether participants sought additional information about how to access iCBT, although psychopathology symptoms and identifying as White or multiracial were positively associated with information-seeking. Inconsistent with past research, participants rated therapist-assisted and self-guided iCBT as equally acceptable. Participants recruited from the community reported greater willingness to use iCBT than university students. These results underscore the urgent need for further research towards improving the acceptability and uptake of iCBT so that it may better fulfill its potential to fill the gap in unmet mental health need.
When to Broadcast? An Analysis of Inventory Disclosure Policies for Online Sales of Limited Inventory with Learning and Scarcity Effects

The extant literature on sales of limited inventory has provided evidence for the impact of disclosing inventory on the expected sales. However, an important question still remains: when is the best timing for the disclosure? In this paper, we analyze common disclosure policies: "always-to-disclose," "never-to-disclose," and fixed threshold policies. We also propose and analyze a time-dependent threshold policy, which is optimal under certain assumptions. We first derive the expected total sales under a given threshold and then develop a dynamic-programming-based algorithm to optimize the parameters of the proposed policy. We also develop a customer choice model under a Bayesian updating framework, which captures the observational learning and scarcity effects. Through a numerical study, we find that both threshold policies outperform the two simple policies when the learning effect dominates the scarcity effect, and the fixed threshold policy is near optimal in such cases. However, when the scarcity effect dominates, employment of a threshold policy may backfire, as the customers may interpret not disclosing as a signal of slow sales. Moreover, when both effects are weak, there is clearly room for improvement in the fixed threshold policy, and it is desirable for the platform to employ the proposed policy. Therefore, our study provides not only efficient procedures for policy optimization but valuable guidelines for policy selection under different customer behaviors.
The need to study rural cancer outcome disparities at the local level: a retrospective cohort study in Kansas and Missouri.

Background Rural residence is commonly thought to be a risk factor for poor cancer outcomes. However, a number of studies have reported seemingly conflicting information regarding cancer outcome disparities with respect to rural residence, with some suggesting that the disparity is not present and others providing inconsistent evidence that either urban or rural residence is associated with poorer outcomes. We suggest a simple explanation for these seeming contradictions: namely that rural cancer outcome disparities are related to factors that occur differentially at a local level, such as environmental exposures, lack of access to care or screening, and socioeconomic factors, which differ by type of cancer. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study examining ten cancers treated at the University of Kansas Medical Center from 2011 to 2018, with individuals from either rural or urban residences. We defined urban residences as those in a county with a U.S. Department of Agriculture Urban Influence Code (UIC) of 1 or 2, with all other residences defines a rural. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to create a pseudo-sample balanced for covariates deemed likely to affect the outcomes modeled with cumulative link and weighted Cox-proportional hazards models. Results We found that rural residence is not a simple risk factor but rather appears to play a complex role in cancer outcome disparities. Specifically, rural residence is associated with higher stage at diagnosis and increased survival hazards for colon cancer but decreased risk for lung cancer compared to urban residence. Conclusion Many cancers are affected by unique social and environmental factors that may vary between rural and urban residents, such as access to care, diet, and lifestyle. Our results show that rurality can increase or decrease risk, depending on cancer site, which suggests the need to consider the factors connected to rurality that influence this complex pattern. Thus, we argue that such disparities must be studied at the local level to identify and design appropriate interventions to improve cancer outcomes.
Pattern Detection in Cyber-Physical Systems

Abstract A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) integrates physical devices (i.e., sensors) with cyber (i.e., informational) components to form a context sensitive system that responds intelligently to dynamic changes in real-world situations. A core element of CPS is the collection and assessment of information from noisy, dynamic, and uncertain physical environments that must be transformed into usable knowledge in real-time. Machine learning algorithms such as cluster analysis can be used to extract useful information and patterns from data generated from physical devices based on which novel applications of CPS can make informed decisions. In this paper we propose to use a density-based data stream clustering algorithm, built on the Multiple Species Flocking model, for the monitoring of big data, generated from numerous applications such as machine monitoring, health monitoring, sensor networks. In the proposed approach, approximate results are available on demand at anytime, so it is particularly apt for real life monitoring applications.
d-alanine-d-alanine ligase (ADP) from Salmonella typhimurium: Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis

Abstract The ddlA gene from Salmonella typhimurium coding for d -alanine- d -alanine ligase (ADP-forming) has been subcloned behind the tac promoter in the plasmid pKK223-3, with expression in Escherichia coli JM105. The overexpression system yields 58 mg of active enzyme from 12 g of wet cell paste after 40-fold purification to homogeneity. 5,5′-Dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) titrations indicate that all four cysteine residues exist as free thiols. Two crystal forms of the 39,300 Mr enzyme have been produced. A tetragonal form grows at 21 °C from 10 to 15% ( w v ) polyethylene glycol 8000 in space group P41212, with two molecules in the asymmetric unit; it has cell constants a = b = 83.8 A , c = 220.0 A , and diffracts to 2.9 A. A monoclinic form grows from 30% ( w v ) ammonium sulfate in space group P21, with two molecules in the asymmetric unit; it has cell constants a = 60.4 A , b= 102.1 A , c = 64.3 A , β= 115.7 ° , and diffracts to 2.2 A resolution.
Embedding behavior modification strategies into a consumer electronic device: a case study

Ubiquitous computing technologies create new opportunities for preventive healthcare researchers to deploy behavior modification strategies outside of clinical settings. In this paper, we describe how strategies for motivating behavior change might be embedded within usage patterns of a typical electronic device. This interaction model differs substantially from prior approaches to behavioral modification such as CD-ROMs: sensor-enabled technology can drive interventions that are timelier, tailored, subtle, and even fun. To explore these ideas, we developed a prototype system namedViTo. On one level, ViTo functions as a universal remote control for a home entertainment system. The interface of this device, however, is designed in such a way that it may unobtrusively promote a reduction in the user's television viewing while encouraging an increase in the frequency and quantity of non-sedentary activities. The design of ViTo demonstrates how a variety of behavioral science strategies for motivating behavior change can be carefully woven into the operation of a common consumer electronic device. Results of an exploratory evaluation of a single participant using the system in an instrumented home facility are presented.
Phase contrast MRI with flow compensation view sharing

Results: The FCVS sequence resulted in an error of 0.0% for forward flow and 2.0% for reverse flow volume when compared with FC/FE PC-MRI in a flow phantom. Measurements in the common carotid arteries showed that the FCVS method had � 1.16 cm/s bias for maximum peak velocity and � 0.019 mL bias in total flow, when compared with FC/FE with the same temporal resolution, but double the total acquisition time. These results represent � 1.3% bias error in velocity and volumetric flow quantification. Conclusion: FCVS can accelerate PC-MRI acquisitions while maintaining flow and velocity measurement accuracy when there is limited temporal variation in the FC data. Magn Reson Med 73:505–513, 2015. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproducible gains in student attitudes toward biology from a single in-class case study (531.1)

The study objective was to test a case study which simulates scientific inquiry within the limits of a single course period and which can be used in large lecture-format courses. Students unknowing...
A Comprehensive GIS-based Modeling Approach for Predicting Nutrient Loads in Watersheds

A comprehensive, GIS-based modeling approach was developed to enable accurate prediction of nutrient loads in watersheds throughout the state of Pennsylvania; particularly those watersheds for which stream monitoring data do not exist. This approach relies on the use of statewide GIS data sets for deriving reasonably good estimates for various critical model parameters that exhibit considerable spatial variability within the state. Data manipulation and subsequent simulation modeling is managed via an interface (called AVGWLF) between a popular desktop GIS software package (ArcView) and the Generalized Watershed Loading Function (GWLF) model. The modeling approach was tested in thirty-two (32) watersheds throughout Pennsylvania, and a statistical evaluation of the accuracy of the load predictions was made. Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients of correlation derived for the calibration and verification watersheds ranged in value from 0.92 to 0.97 for both nitrogen and phosphorus when considering mean annual loads. The median N-S values for nitrogen varied between 0.64 to 0.70 for monthly, seasonal, and year-to-year load estimates; and for phosphorus they varied between 0.61 and 0.72.
Synthesis and thermal properties of a new class of high‐temperature polyamides from hexahydrobenzodipyrrole

A series of polyamides was synthesized by the interfacial polycondensation of 1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydrobenzo [1,2-c:4,5-c′] dipyrrole with isophthalic, terephthalic, oxydibenzoic, sebacic and adipic acid chlorides. High molecular weight polymers with inherent viscosities ranging from 0.4 to 2.3 dl/g were obtained. Polymerization with isophthaloyl chloride gave the highest molecular weight polymer in this series. These polyamides melt between 350°C and 475°C, depending on structural differences as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Rapid weight loss in these polymers was observed in the range of 350–400°C under thermogravimetric analysis in a nitrogen atmosphere. All these polyamides are susceptible to photooxidative degradation. The results were compared with Nomex polymer poly(1,3-phenylene isophthalamide).
Angular anisoplanatism in laser guide star adaptive optics

The image quality obtained using laser guide star adaptive optics (LGS AO) is degraded by the fact that the wavefront aberrations experienced by light from the LGS and from the science object differ. In this paper we derive an analytic expression for the variance of the difference between the two wavefronts as a function of angular distance between the LGS and the science object. This error is a combination of focal anisoplanatism and angular anisoplanatism. We show that the wavefront error introduced by observing a science object displaced from the guide star is smaller for LGS AO systems than for natural guide star AO systems.
Disentangling the Knot: Variable Mixing of Four Motivations for Firms’ Use of Social Practices

The objective of this study is to reach a deeper understanding of the nature of the motivations behind social practices used by firms. The motivation-mix model is a proposal that attempts to classify the different reasons that may motivate the use of each practice. The article proposes that this motivation-mix can be examined as intrafirm, indicating a particular combination for each social practice within each firm, at a given moment. The article argues that the aggregate of motivation-mixes for all social practices in use by the company at a certain point in time establishes the motivation position for the company as a whole. The author applies the concept of motivation-mix to business community involvement (BCI) practices as an illustration.
Chiral indices of crystalline surfaces as a measure of enantioselective potential

Chiral crystal surfaces lack mirror or glide plane symmetry. Nevertheless, some chiral surfaces deviate more significantly from an achiral configuration, and thus possess greater enantioselective potential, than others. We describe a procedure to calculate chiral indices, IC (in A), of any two-dimensional (2D) periodic atomic surface based on atomic displacements from ideal mirror or glide plane symmetry. We define a 2D unit cell parallel to the surface, identify coordinates of atoms associated with that surface unit cell, and employ minimization procedures to determine the positions and orientations of best-fit pseudo-mirror and pseudo-glide plane operators perpendicular to that surface. Achiral surfaces invariably have IC = 0, but we find that surfaces of intrinsically chiral crystals [e.g., quartz (1 0 1)] may also display IC = 0, depending on the surface atoms selected. Of 14 surfaces modeled, IC is greatest for chiral faces of achiral crystals: the (2 1 4) scalenohedral faces of calcite (IC = 2.60 A), the (1 1 0) faces of diopside (IC = 1.54 A), and the (6 4 3) faces of FCC metals such as copper and platinum (IC = 1.29 A). © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Theory of fault-tolerant quantum computation

In order to use quantum error-correcting codes to improve the performance of a quantum computer, it is necessary to be able to perform operations fault-tolerantly on encoded states. I present a theory of fault-tolerant operations on stabilizer codes based on symmetries of the code stabilizer. This allows a straightforward determination of which operations can be performed fault-tolerantly on a given code. I demonstrate that fault-tolerant universal computation is possible for any stabilizer code. I discuss a number of examples in more detail, including the five-quantum-bit code.
Cell-autonomous and -nonautonomous contributions of STAT1 in murine models of tumorigenesis

In this issue of Cancer Cell, Kovacic and colleagues have reexamined the role of STAT1 in murine models of leukemogenesis. Their studies shed new light on the complex interplay between cell-autonomous contributions and host responsiveness to cancer and elucidate a previously unknown role of STAT1 in tumor progression.
A network level connectivity robustness measure for connected vehicle environments

This study introduces a new CONnectivity ROBustness model (CONROB) to assess vehicle-to-vehicle communication in connected vehicle (CV) environments. CONROB is based on Newton’s universal law of gravitation and accounts for multiple factors affecting the connectivity in CV environments such as market penetration, wireless transmission range, spatial distribution of vehicles relative to each other, the spatial propagation of the wireless signal, and traffic density. The proposed methodology for the connectivity robustness calculation in CONROB accounts for the Link Expiration Time (LET) and the Route Expiration Time (RET) that are reflected in the stability of links between each two adjacent vehicles and the expiration time of communication routes between vehicles. Using a 117 sq-km (45-square mile) network in Washington County, located west of Portland city, Oregon, a microscopic simulation model (VISSIM) was built to verify CONROB model. A total of 45 scenarios were simulated for different traffic densities generated from five different traffic demand levels, three levels of market penetration (5%, 15%, and 25%), and three transmission range values [76 (250), 152 (500), and 305 (1000) m (ft)]. The simulation results show that the overall robustness increases as the market penetration increases, given the same transmission range, and relative traffic density. Similarly, the overall connectivity robustness increases as the relative traffic density increases for the same market penetration. More so, the connectivity robustness becomes more sensitive to the relative traffic density at higher values of transmission range and market penetration. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to show the significant effect of relative traffic density, transmission range, and market penetration on the robustness measure. The results of the study provide an evidence of the ability of the model to capture the effect of the different factors on the connectivity between vehicles, which provides a viable tool for assessing CV environments.
Multi-media instructional approach to teaching linear programming

Abstract This paper describes different strategies employed in converting a lecture-oriented mathematical programming course to a Personalized Self-Paced Instructional (PSI) format. This is an elective course for students in science, engineering and management. A multi media instructional approach is used in the PSI system which combines traditional lectures, self-paced and individualized learning assisted by interactive computer programs and video taped instructional materials. This unique PSI system for mathematical programming provides maximum learning opportunity and flexibility to students. The author's experiences with the PSI system and the students' evaluation of the self-paced system are also discussed.
Obese mice and the satiety effects of cholecystokinin, bombesin and pancreatic polypeptide.

Abstract Cholecystokinin (CCK-8), bombesin (BBS) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) are gastrointestinal hormones which are released during a meal and which decrease food intake when administered exogenously. The satiety effects of CCK-8, BBS and PP were measured in weanling and adult Bar Harbor obese and lean mice. Weanling mice fasted 5.5 hr were less sensitive to both CCK-8 and BBS at 5–6 weeks of age, when body weights of the obese were 20% greater than lean. The obese were equally sensitive as lean mice to CCK-8 and BBS at 7–8 weeks of age when the obese were 50% heavier. After a 3.0 hr fast adult obese mice, weighing 100% more than lean mice, were less sensitive to satiety effects of lower doses of CCK-8 (1.0 μg/kg) and PP (8 μg/kg) but equally sensitive to higher doses of CCK-8 (2.0 μg/kg), PP (16 μg/kg) and all doses of BBS (2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 μg/kg). After a 6-hr fast, 16 μg/kg PP did not affect food intake in obese or lean mice, whereas 32 μg/kg PP decreased food intake more in obese than lean mice. Thus both weanling and adult obese mice, as obese rats, are less sensitive to the putative satiety agent CCK-8.
New variations in two-electron integral evaluation in the context of direct SCF procedures

Abstract A new horizontal recurrence relation (HRR) is derived which may be used in the generation of two-electron repulsion integrals (ERIs). This work focuses primarily on the application of the new HRR to the 1988 Head-Gordon and Pople method and will be complementary to the more recent Gill, Head-Gordon and Pople procedures applicable to highly contracted basis sets. Special Cartesian coordinate axes may be used in reducing the number of nonzero intermediates dramatically. In direct SCF it may not be desirable to back-transform integrals, but evaluate the contributions to the Fock matrix for many classes of ERIs in the same special axis system, and then back-transform the Fock matrix contribution. Integral derivative evaluation is also discussed. Both the new HRR and the Head-Gordon and Pople HRR may be used in relating ERI derivatives.
Seven surgical exemplars and the college—lest we forget

The Society of Black Academic Surgeons was founded, not to foster any measure of separatism or exclusivity, but rather to encourage and nurture black surgeons to pursue careers and participate fully in all phases of academic surgery. The Society meets annually with varied scientific presentations by its members. State-of-the-art lectures by nationally acclaimed surgical leaders remain an integral part of the program. On this occasion, it seems appropriate to recall the contributions of some of our colleagues and especially their relationship to the American College of Surgeons (the College, or ACS). We are well aware that progress in academic surgery did not begin with those of us currently on the scene but rather that our paths have been made smoother by those who have gone before us. To that end, I have chosen seven black surgeons who played major roles in these efforts. Owing to space constraints, only abbreviated accounts of their contributions will be given. Oral and written versions of their lives demonstrate a keenness of mind and strength of character that enabled them to confront various indignities while persevering to achieve their goals. Equally important was the demonstration of good will, justice, and fair play by some leaders in American surgery who afforded these seven stalwarts the opportunity to train, to develop, and to succeed. Both groups deserve our praise, tribute, and respect. Prudence dictates that no special mention be made of the living; thus, I will side with prudence and restrict my statements to the contributions of seven colleagues who have departed this vale. These seven surgical exemplars are Daniel H. Williams, Louis T. Wright, Frederick D. Stubbs, William H. Sinkler, Matthew Walker, Charles R. Drew, and Samuel L. Kountz.
Heat or mass transfer from single spheres in a low reynolds number flow

Abstract The problem of forced heat or mass transfer from a single sphere in low Reynolds number flow is studied. In Stokes flow the Nusselt number N can depend only upon the Peclet number P . For P ⪡ a general “master-formula” is derived which involves Stokes resistance F 0 . On the other hand, the P⪢l limit requires different formulas, depending upon whether the tangential velocity vanishes at the sphere surface (rigid sphere) or not (slip flow and droplets). Although these differences do not disappear when first-order inertia effects are included, it is found that inertia enhances the heat or mass transfer in either case.
Immunohistochemistry of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in rat cochlear nucleus

Neurons of the cochlear nucleus (CN) receive extrinsic and intrinsic cholinergic inputs, the effects of which appear to be mediated primarily by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). To investigate the distribution of mAChRs and the correlation of pre- and post-synaptic cholinergic markers in CN, we used a monoclonal anti-mAChR antibody (M35) and a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) to perform immunohistochemistry on rat brain sections, and we also carried out histochemistry for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The density distributions of ChAT immunohistochemistry and AChE activity histochemistry agreed well with previous quantitative measurements of the activity distributions of these enzymes. A generally close correlation between densities of M35 and ChAT immunoreactivities was found across subregions of rat CN. The localizations of M35 and ChAT immunoreactivities suggest that cholinergic synapses are mostly axosomatic in ventral CN and possibly mostly axodendritic in dorsal CN. Prominent differences in density and appearance between M35 immunoreactivity and AChE activity were found in the regions of the rat CN where granule cells predominate.
The Amino Acid Content of Fresh and Stored Shell Eggs.I. Leucine, Isoleucine, Valine, Glycine, Serine, Threonine, Aspartic Acid, and Glutamic Acid

Abstract CONSIDERABLE data are available on the percentage of leucine, isoleucine, valine, and threonine in whole egg proteins (Block and Boiling 1943; Munks, et al. 1945; Block and Mitchell 1946; Edwards, et al. 1946), but there are few values for glycine, serine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. Threonine has also been determined in egg albumen and yolk proteins (Munks, et al. 1945; Hess, et al. 1948), but a search of the literature failed to provide values for leucine, isoleucine, valine, glycine, serine, aspartic acid, or glutamic acid for these same proteins. That there are changes in the physical appearance of shell eggs kept in cold storage has been recognized for many years. During storage the firm albumen becomes more liquid, the ovalbumin becomes increasingly difficult to crystallize (Sorensen and Hoyrup 1916), higher temperatures are required to coagulate the albumen (Evans, et al. 1949a), and some loss of protein occurs (Evans, . . .
Audiometric, clinical and educational outcomes in a pediatric symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) population with sensorineural hearing loss

Summary Objective: To correlate audiometric findings and outcomes with the clinical, radiological and educational findings in a symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) population with sensorineural hearing loss. Methods: A retrospective review of data from 21 symptomatic congenital CMV patients identified in a pediatric hearing impaired database of 1500 patients. Clinical data, audiometric thresholds and outcomes, radiographic abnormalities, communication and educational achievements were used as outcome measures. Results: Twenty-one patients were identified with symptomatic congenital CMV infection at birth; 5 with unilateral hearing loss and 16 with bilateral hearing loss. The median initial pure-tone average (PTA) for the 21 subjects was 86 dB and the median final PTA was 100 dB. Progression of hearing loss was seen in 9 patients (43%). Neurological and radiological sequelae of symptomatic CMV infection were seen in 81% of affected patients. Children with neurological dysfunction were significantly more likely to rely on special education (p = 0.045). There was a significant correlation between the severity of the initial PTA and the development of a progressive hearing loss (p = 0.0058). Initial hearing thresholds were significantly better in those children with a history of jaundice (p = 0.002), hepatosplenomegaly (HSM) (p = 0.022) and cerebral palsy (CP) (p = 0.013). There was a significant correlation between a less severe final PTA and the presence of CP (p = 0.005). A history of mental retardation in children was significantly associated with poorer communication skills (p = 0.043). Conclusions: The severity of neurological manifestations in congenital symptomatic CMV infection was positively correlated with the need for total and manual communication and the reliance on special education. Statistical associations between clinical findings such as hepatic dysfunction, CP and hearing level were identified however plausible mechanisms explaining these associations remain ambiguous and are discussed in the context of this complex population of children with congenital symptomatic CMV.
Improving bandwidth efficiency of video-on-demand servers

Abstract Video-on-demand (VOD) servers have a limited amount of bandwidth with which to service client requests. Conventional VOD servers dedicate a unique stream of data for each client, and that strategy can quickly allocate all of the available bandwidth on the server. We describe a system called stream tapping that allows clients to “tap” into existing streams on the VOD server. By using existing streams as much as possible, clients can reduce the amount of new bandwidth they require, and that allows more clients to use the server at once, reducing client latency. Stream tapping uses less than 20% of the bandwidth required by a conventional VOD server for popular videos, and it performs better than many other strategies designed to improve VOD servers.
Vibrissa-Based Object Localization in Head-Fixed Mice

Linking activity in specific cell types with perception, cognition, and action, requires quantitative behavioral experiments in genetic model systems such as the mouse. In head-fixed primates, the combination of precise stimulus control, monitoring of motor output, and physiological recordings over large numbers of trials are the foundation on which many conceptually rich and quantitative studies have been built. Choice-based, quantitative behavioral paradigms for head-fixed mice have not been described previously. Here, we report a somatosensory absolute object localization task for head-fixed mice. Mice actively used their mystacial vibrissae (whiskers) to sense the location of a vertical pole presented to one side of the head and reported with licking whether the pole was in a target (go) or a distracter (no-go) location. Mice performed hundreds of trials with high performance (>90% correct) and localized to
Strong and Weak Form of the Governing Differential Equations in Least Squares Finite Element Processes in h,p,k Framework

This paper presents an investigation of performance of the least squares finite element process in hpk mathematical framework utilizing: (i) governing differential equations (GDEs) containing highest order derivatives of the dependent variables (strong form of GDEs); (ii) GDEs containing only first order derivatives of the dependent variables and hence constituting a system of first order equations (weak form of GDEs) derived either directly from conservation laws or derived using auxiliary variables or auxiliary equations. It is shown that while the weak form of the GDEs may appear perfectly legitimate, the auxiliary equations in such forms cause irrecoverable inconsistencies in the resulting computational processes due to the fact that local approximations for the dependent variables and the auxiliary variables always remain inconsistent regardless of the choices p-level and the orders of the approximation spaces. The inconsistency of local approximations in the auxiliary equations may introduce spuriou...
An Understructured Conception of Dignity at Work

Randy Hodson's Dignity at Work is a creative, clever, and thoughtful treatment of some of the most important aspects of workers' experience, particularly their efforts to maintain their dignity in the workplace, even in the face of direct, or indirect, assaults from management. What makes this book so creative, and what emerges as one of its major strengths, is Hodson's solution to a research problem that bedevils many of us who study workplace relations. Specifically, workplace scholars are often caught between the demands for the generalizability, reliability, and validity that large scale data sets provide and the in-depth understanding and explanation that qualitative research generates. Few of us, however, have come up with such an original and compelling solution to this dilemma as has Hodson. While most of us choose one or the
Medich giant platelet disorder: a unique α granule deficiency I. Structural abnormalities

Human platelet granule deficiency disorders include the gray platelet syndrome (GPS), α δ storage pool deficiency, the Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome and the White platelet syndrome. The present study describes a patient with a lifelong history of easy bleeding, thrombocytopenia and giant platelets. Her cells were found to have normal numbers of dense bodies, but a markedly decreased number of α granules. Many platelets had no α granules and resembled the gray platelets of patients with GPS. However, the empty vacuoles without granule contents that fill the cytoplasm of GPS platelets were not present in significant numbers in her platelets. In addition to the decrease in α granules the patients platelets contained membranous inclusions resembling cigars or scrolls. Usually, only one scroll open at each end was present, but many platelets contained two and some as many as five. Freeze-fracture revealed an absence of intramembranous particles in many layers of the scrolls. They occur in no other human platelet d...
SU-GG-T-388: Assessing Dose Inaccuracies in the Superposition/Convolution Algorithm with Monte Carlo for SBRT Lung Tumors

Purpose: To assess dose inaccuracies in the superposition/convolution dose algorithm with Monte Carlo and how it affects SBRTlungtreatments.Materials & Methods: The treatment strategy for the SBRTtumors at MGH is to use 3DCRT for tumors with motion amplitude of less 5mm. The SBRTtreatment planning uses either 2 or 3 non‐coplanar arcs, with a total of 8–10 beams. Following the dose planning guidelines provide by RTOG 0813 and 0618, the PTV is conformed with an isodose between 60% and 80% value. This will guarantee that the penumbra tail does not extend to deeply into the lung, while manipulating the hotspots of 120–140%, such as to situate them within the PTV region. SBRT dose calculation is performed with the commercial CMS superposition/convolution algorithm (SCA) and verified with in‐house developed Monte Carlo(MC) dose engine. SCA was also compared with MC in heterogeneous GAMMEX phantom to assess in a wide range of heterogeneous materials the accuracy of SCA. Results: A cohort of 10 SBRT patients was studied with both SCA and MC dose algorithms comparing PTV coverage after dose normalization. The SCA was shown to incorrectly estimate the dose in the PTV by 1–3% relative to the MC prediction, before normalization. The SCA differences occurred when the tumor was situated very close to a bone structure, such as rib cage. Similar results were observed in the irradiation of the heterogeneous phantom. The SCA dose algorithm inaccurately predicts doses if the region is shadowed by a high density material such as bone. Conclusions:LungCancer is the number one cause of cancer mortality in both men and women. Inaccuracies in the SCA dose computation can affect the treatment outcome of SBRT. This study suggests that accurate dosimetry in SBRTtreatment of lung patients requires the use of Monte Carlo techniques.
The effect of random temperature fluctuations on creep and creep rupture of cylindrical tubes

Abstract The design of LMFBR plants requires extensive creep analysis, since many in-core structures and primary system components operate at elevated temperatures. In the design process, exact information on the temperature field is often lacking and this, together with the temperature sensitivity of creep phenomena, leads to uncertainties in derived quantities such as strain and total deformation. This study considers the qualitative and quantitative implications of random temperature data by deriving expressions for the expectation value and variance of quantities such as displacement and stress in creep of thin, pressurized tubes. Also, a nondeterministic analog of an existing theory of creep rupture is employed to study the impact of random temperature fluctuations on time to brittle and ductile rupture. Data for stainless steel are applied in various numerical examples and these, together with analytical considerations, are used to formulate qualitative generalizations of importance to the design process.
Multimedia across the disciplines

The use of multimedia, including voice, music, text, still images, and full motion video is becoming more and more widespread in education at all levels. Faculty must consider how to utilize the power of this technology to motivate students and to improve learning. The presenters will discuss how they have developed and used multimedia to enhance classroom presentations in various disciplines and how students have responded to this new technology.
Characterization of oligosaccharides of highly purified glycoprotein gC of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).

Abstract The envelope membrane glycoprotein gC of HSV-1 was purified from Triton X-100 extracts of virus-infected BHK-21 or HEp-2 cells by a single step immuno-affinity column using monoclonal anti-gC antibody. The analysis of the purified [3H]G1cN labeled glycoprotein gC (by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P4) before and after digestion with endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (endo D) indicated that gC contains Asn-linked “complex type” oligosaccharides. No “high mannose” type oligosaccharides were detected. Fractionation of radio-labeled glycopeptides of gC on a column of concanavalin A-sepharose suggested that glycopeptides have “diantennary” and “triantennary” and/or “tetra antennary” structures. Tunicamycin inhibited the incorporation of [14C]GalN or [3H]GlcN into gC in HSV-1 infected BHK-21 or HEp-2 cells. Gel filtration analysis of [3H]GlcN labeled gC following β-elimination reaction failed to indicate O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides.
A supply–demand model of fetal energy sufficiency predicts lipid profiles in male but not female Filipino adolescents

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the balance between fetal nutritional demand and maternal nutritional supply during pregnancy will predict lipid profiles in offspring measured in adolescence. Subjects and methods: A total of 296 male and 307 female Filipino offspring (aged 14–16 y) and mothers enrolled in a longitudinal birth cohort study (begun in 1983–84) had lipid profiles measured. Data on maternal height (as a proxy for offspring growth potential and thus fetal nutritional demand) and third trimester maternal arm fat area (as a proxy for maternal supply) were used to create four groups hypothesized to reflect a gradient of fetal energy sufficiency. Results: As fetal energy sufficiency increased among males, there was a decrease in total cholesterol (TC) (P<0.05 for trend), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the ratios of TC/HDL-C cholesterol and LDL-C/HDL-C (all P<0.001), while HDL-C increased (P<0.05). Similar associations were identified when lipid levels were modeled as dichotomous ‘high-risk’ cut-points used in cardiovascular disease prevention in adolescents. These relationships were stronger, or only present, among offspring of mothers in the lower half of the third trimester energy intake distribution, and were independent of the child's current adiposity, dietary energy and fat intake, maturity, household income, and birth weight. In females, the supply–demand model did not predict any lipid outcome or clinical risk criteria. Conclusions: Our findings in males support the hypothesis that the balance between fetal nutritional demand and maternal nutritional supply has implications for future lipid profiles. The lack of significant associations in females adds to mounting evidence for sex differences in lipid metabolism programming, and may reflect sex differences in fetal nutritional demand. Sponsorship: The National Science Foundation, the Mellon Foundation, the Nestle Foundation, and the Emory University Internationalization Program.
Anatomy of the medial temporal lobe

The medial temporal lobe concept is an example of neurojargon rich in clinical and behavioral meaning, but sparse in neuroanatomical meaning except for topography. Like the concept of anterior speech area, many know roughly where it is located and what its functional correlates are, but not a lot else. At least three anatomical entities qualify as components of the medial temporal lobe. These include the amygdaloid body, the hippocampal formation, and the parahippocampal cortices that cover them superficially and are visible on the external surface of the hemisphere. For the greater part of this century, topographical observations, dissection, and descriptive data from passive staining methods have formed the principal source of information about the anatomy of the medial temporal lobe. However, in the past two decades much new information has emerged from experimental neuroanatomical studies in nonhuman primates and from neuropathological studies in humans. With magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), previous neuroanatomical detail, which earlier may have seemed like descriptive minutia, has now come alive and assumed substantial relevance in neurological and psychiatric diagnosis. Some of the emerging concepts as they relate to the neuroanatomy of the primate brain are highlighted and summarized here.
Policy Frames, Metaphorical Reasoning, and Support for Public Policies

This article evaluates the predictive value of a new theory for understanding public support for alternative solutions to policy problems, which we call policy metaphors. A policy metaphor represents a particular form of cognitive framing that makes use of commonly understood social institutions and judgments about their effectiveness to form “archetypes” against which proposed solutions to new policy problems are compared. We test the extent to which both understanding of and preference for particular policy frames predicts the nature and strength of policy choices by a representative sample of the American public. After controlling for factors that past research has shown to be important in understanding public opinion, including general partisan and ideological attitudes, self-interest, political values, and emotions, the cognitive frames specified by the general theory of policy metaphors are shown to strongly predict public support for hypothetical solutions to three different policy problems. These frames also predict support for President Clinton's 1993–94 health care reforms after controlling for those same conventional predictors. Most importantly, we demonstrate that these cognitive frames help constrain the beliefs of even the least politically aware members of the general public. Discussion centers on the implications of this new approach for understanding public opinion.
Nanoparticle cross-flow differential mobility analyzer (NCDMA): Theory and design

A new instrument having a cross-flow configuration for aerosol and sheath flows is introduced for sizing of nanoparticles and referred to as nanoparticle cross-flow differential mobility analyzer (NCDMA). The flow and electrical fields in the NCDMA are analyzed theoretically, and its sizing characteristics are obtained in relation to the instrument geometry and operating conditions. The theoretical transfer functions compare well with numerical predictions for non-diffusing particles. For smaller particles, the focusing provided by the combination of the cross-flow configuration and electric field results in reduced Brownian diffusion broadening of particle position distribution in the classification region. From the analysis of instrument resolution based on the migration Peclet number, the NCDMA design is seen to provide a higher resolution than that of the TSI short column DMA (nano-DMA) for the same applied voltage. Monte Carlo simulation results of the Langevin equation confirm the theoretical prediction of improved resolution of NCDMA over conventional designs in the Brownian diffusion regime.