cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Injury to the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve in men: Outcomes from surgical resection of the perineal branches

OBJECTIVE The objective is to report the outcome of an anterior surgical approach to treat neuroma of the perineal branch of the pudendal nerve (PBPN). PATIENTS AND METHODS An IRB-approved prospective study enrolled 14 consecutive male patients from 2011 through 2015 who had symptoms of perineal/scrotal pain. Each patient had a successful, diagnostic, pudendal nerve block. The surgical procedure was resection of the PBPN and implantation of the nerve into the obturator internus muscle. Mean age at surgery was 50 ± 15 years. Median duration of pain symptoms was 5.5 years (range 1.2-42.9 years). Mechanisms of injury was exercise (6/14), prostatectomy (4/14), and falls (4/14). Outcomes were the Male Pudendal Pain Functional Questionnaire (MQ), and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). RESULTS The mean postoperative follow-up was 26 ± 14 months. The MQ demonstrated that after surgery, patients overall had significantly less disability due to pudendal pain (P < .03). The NPRS revealed that pain significantly improved (P < .004). CONCLUSIONS Resection of the PBPN and implantation of this nerve into the obturator internus muscle significantly relieved men's pelvic pain disability.
Perspectives on Incentive Spirometry Utility and Patient Protocols.

BACKGROUND: Incentive spirometry (IS) is widely used to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications, despite limited clinical effectiveness data and a lack of standardized use protocols. We sought to evaluate health care professionals9 perspectives on IS effectiveness and use procedures. METHODS: An online survey was distributed via social media and newsletters to relevant national nursing and respiratory care societies. Attitudes concerning IS were compared between the American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC) and the nursing societies. RESULTS: A total of 1,681 responses (83.8% completion rate) were received. The clear majority of these respondents agreed that IS is essential to patient care (92.7%), improves pulmonary function (92.0%), improves inspiratory capacity (93.0%), helps to prevent (96.6%) and to reverse (90.0%) atelectasis, helps to prevent (92.5%) and to reverse (68.4%) pneumonia, and is as effective as early ambulation (74.0%), deep-breathing exercises (88.2%), and directed coughing (79.8%). Furthermore, most health care professionals believed that IS should be used routinely preoperatively (78.1%) and postoperatively (91.1%), used every hour (59.8%), used for an average of 9.6 (95% CI 9.3–9.9) breaths per session, used to achieve breath holds of 7.8 (95% CI 7.4–8.2) s, used to reach an initial target inspiratory volume of 1,288.5 (95% CI 1,253.8–1,323.2) mL, and used to achieve a daily inspiratory volume improvement of 525.6 (95% CI 489.8–561.4) mL. Of all respondents, 89.6% believed they received adequate IS education and training. Respondents from the AARC endorsed significantly less agreement relative to the nursing societies on most parameters for IS utility. CONCLUSIONS: There was a major discrepancy between health care professionals9 beliefs and the published clinical effectiveness data supporting IS. Despite reported adequate education on IS, variability in what health care professionals believed to be appropriate use underscores the literature9s lack of standardization and evidence for specific use procedures.
Catalina: A Smart Application Control and Management Environement

Management of large-scale parallel and distributed applications is an extremely complex task due to factors such as centralized management architectures, lack of coordination and compatibility among heterogeneous network management systems, and dynamic characteristics of networks and application requirements. The development of an integrated network management framework that is proactive, scaleable and robust is a challenging research problem. In this paper, we present our approach to implement a smart application control and management (CATALINA) that provides dynamically programmable control and management services to support the development and deployment of smart (intelligent) applications. The CATALINA environment provides the application developers with all the tools required to specify the appropriate control and management schemes to maintain any quality of service requirement or application attribute/functionality (e.g., performance, fault, security, etc.) and the core active management services to enable the efficient proactive management of a wide range of network applications. In this paper, we present our implementation approach and services of CATALINA environment to manage the performance, security, and fault tolerance execution of smart applications.
Introduction: STEM in the Organized Out-of-School Time Setting

The collection of chapters in this section considers organized out-of-school-time (OST) programs, such as after-school programs, summer camps, and museum settings, as sites for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning. The chapters provide insights into the types of STEM that are learned by young people participating in these programs, and also the types of insights that educators and researchers can gain about learning when working in or studying OST programs.
Epidemiology of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis

The epidemiology of IA, the major invasive mould infection in immunocompromised patients, has evolved over the last several decades. During the 1990s, increasing morbidity and mortality from these infections, particularly amongst the increasing numbers of patients being treated for haematological malignancies and those undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, became a universal experience in many tertiary care medical centres. Changes in transplantation practices, including prophylaxis directed against Candida spp. and viral infections, helped to redefine the population at risk and the timing of invasive aspergillosis during the post-transplantation period. Molecular epidemiological studies of these ubiquitous organisms have improved our understanding of the epidemiology of these infections in the hospital and have documented emerging Aspergillus species causing infection. Recent years ushered in an era of newer mould-active agents, the echinocandins and the extended-spectrum triazoles, voriconazole and posaconazole, to treat and prevent invasive fungal diseases. The potential impact of these antifungal agents in reshaping the epidemiology of invasive mould infections is yet to be established, but early reports from some medical centres have noted a decline in the incidence of invasive aspergillosis and the emergence of non-Aspergillus mould infections.
The Global Terrorist Coalition

Terrorism, when employed on an international or a transnational scale, is intended to convince major world powers that there is a real and urgent need for them to correct the conditions responsible for its utilization.1 The terrorists attempt to manipulate the publicity generated by their activities to emphasize that moderation over an extended period is not capable of bringing about the required political change, be it the termination of a colonial situation or the achievement of social equality. Thus, the terrorist tries to show that his actions are clearly a response to the denial of basic freedoms to a politically identifiable and deprived people, whom the major powers, in the interests of their own national security, should “liberate.” Without a credible publicity campaign skewed to this consideration, the terrorist risks not having his activities accepted as logical and tolerable behavior. The transnational terrorist, particularly, seeks to demonstrate to the world that he is grimly determined to use violent means to end the injustice and humiliation of his people.
Skin Diseases (Non-Cancerous)

Since skin is the largest organ in the body, skin-based diseases are among the most common diseases in the human population, ranging from cancerous to noncancerous diseases caused by infection, inflammation, and autoimmune disorders. The occurrence of skin diseases varies between continents with people being exposed to different elements. These different skin diseases have individualized diagnoses, treatments, and a unique social traumatic aspect. Given the abundance of dermatological diseases, this article only focuses on the most common skin diseases found around the world.
COMPUTER MODELLING OF RF HEATING

The utility of particle simulation in studying RF heating in plasmas is illustrated by application to lower hybrid heating. Using a 2 1/2 dimensional, electrostatic particle code, lower hybrid waves are launched at the low density boundary and propagate toward the interior. Significant ion heating is found to occur when ω o /k ⊥ ~ 4v i , and no mode converted wave was observed. Trajectories of heated ions show that they gain energy only at one point in their gyro-orbit, when ω o - k ⊥ (x) v ⊥ cos (ω i t + ϕ) ≅ 0. The heating looks qualitatively like stochastic heating although the decorrelation mechanism has not yet been investigated. Ion heating was found to be localized in space and only the fast ions are heated, because the accelerated ions damp the wave very rapidly. Other effects observed which are being studied include electron trapping and significant surface heating, and density modifications due to the ponderomotive force.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of three dimensional-printed continuous fiber composites

Additive manufacturing processes have a demonstrated capacity for flexible production of metal and polymer components. More recently, capabilities for three dimensional printing of continuous fiber...
Making the Charter Great: Claiming Rights in Law’s Visual and Emotional Vernacular

Magna Carta is great not because of its words; it is great because it long ago became an icon through which we envision an expanding array of rights. Lawyers ca.1600 began its transformation from text to icon. Non-lawyers took up this process, invoking the Charter-as-icon to make new demands of what law must be. Eighteenth-century caricaturists made the Charter a literal icon, by which rights of all kinds might be asserted and defended. The visual language of satire provoked emotional engagement with the Charter as the chief means for rights claiming. The Charter, its text long obscured, continues to work at a visceral level, making it the means by which people around the world claim rights as citizens of individual states and as humans under international law. In this way, a peculiarly English constitutional patriotism has produced a global idiom for asserting rights.
Conclusion: Reading and Writing for Sustainability

This chapter proposes that these exercises of new creation can transform subjects, relationships, and communities to be more sustainable. First, it retraces the path of the wisdom of the cross by briefly exploring the exercises of new creation in 2 Corinthians. It then shows how these exercises are positioned in the blind spot of mainstream sustainable development, as they engage with the neglected social pillar of sustainability (concerned with social justice, well-being, and education). Finally, it concludes by calling philosophical theology to both more fully attend to the forms and exercises of the writings of the past and to engage with the everyday, political, social, and ecological practices of the present.
Visualizing Perceived Enablers of and Barriers to Healthy Eating by Youth in Rural El Salvador.

Abstract Objective To explore the perceived environmental enablers for and barriers to healthy eating among rural Salvadoran youth. Methods A photovoice activity was implemented at a grade school located in a rural region of northeastern El Salvador. Results Nine female and 8 male youth aged 8–12 years participated. A total of 116 photos were generated for thematic analysis. Photos and descriptions from youth revealed an overall theme of ambiguity in healthy eating across multiple environments. This theme of ambiguity was interwoven throughout 2 subthemes: (1) links between food and health, and (2) the juxtaposition of globalized foodscapes and natural resources. Conclusions and Implications Photos and descriptions from youth illustrated the murky distinctions between healthful and less healthful foods embedded within daily encounters across multiple environments. To further an understanding of factors that promote or hinder healthy eating in youth, future research might incorporate methods that capture the ways in which youth conceptualize healthy eating, as well as their contributions to healthy eating.
Graphical dynamical systems and their applications to bio-social systems

In this review paper, we discuss graphical dynamical systems (GDSs) and their applications to biological and social systems (bio-social systems). Traditionally, differential equation-based models have been central in modeling bio-social systems. GDSs provide an alternate modeling framework. This framework explicitly represents individual components of the system and captures the interactions among them via a network. The purpose of this review is to enable modelers to obtain an understanding of this basic mathematical and computational framework so that it can be used to study specific bio-social applications. The work covers the range from computational theory to simulation-based analysis. We also provide some directions for future work.
Urbanising territory: The contradictions of eco-cityism at the industrial margins, Duwamish River, Seattle:

This paper deepens the conceptualisation of territory as a key dimension of the production of socionatures within Urban Political Ecology (UPE) in order to better understand the emerging citycentri...
Reparation Compulsion: Theorizing the pitfalls of guilt-driven labor:

This paper critically examines the approach to studying and intervening in organizations that derives from the work of Melanie Klein. It proposes that Klein’s emphasis on reparation, while clearly ...
eIoT Transforms the Future Electric Grid

In conclusion, the development of eIoT is an integral part of the transformation to the future electricity grid.
The red bands of TaH: Identification of the ground and low-lying electronic states

Abstract Doppler-limited laser excitation spectra were recorded for 12 bands of the molecule tantalum hydride (TaH) in the red region, covering the wavelengths 605–665 nm. These excitation bands originate from three different lower electronic states. Dispersed fluorescence experiments revealed three additional low-lying electronic states of the molecule. The identities and energies of these six states are found to be in good agreement with the multiconfiguration self-consistent field calculations of Koseki et al. (2004). The ground state is X3Φ2, with the [0.1]0+ state lying only 76 ± 6 cm−1 above it. The upper states display energy shifts caused by numerous local perturbations with other dark states.
Is Scholarly Publishing Like Rock and Roll

This article uses Alan B. Krueger’s analysis of the music industry in his book Rockonomics: A Backstage Tour of What the Music Industry Can Teach Us About Economics and Life as a lens to consider the structure of scholarly publishing and what could happen to scholarly publishing going forward. Both the music industry and scholarly publishing are facing disruption as their products become digital. Digital content provides opportunities to a create a better product at lower prices and in the music industry this has happened. Scholarly publishing has not yet done so. Similarities and differences between the music industry and scholarly publishing will be considered. Like music, scholarly publishing appears to be a superstar industry. Both music and scholarly publishing are subject to piracy, which threatens revenue, though Napster was a greater disrupter than Sci-Hub seems to be. It also appears that for a variety of reasons market forces are not effective in driving changes in business models and practices in scholarly publishing, at least not at the rate we would expect given the changes in technology. After reviewing similarities and differences, the prospects for the future of scholarly publishing will be considered.
Illuminating the invisible college: An analysis of foundational and prominent publications of engagement research in public relations

Abstract Researchers and practitioners assert that engagement is a fundamental element of public relations with some claiming the field is in an era of engagement. Yet, many have lamented that engagement is disorganized and conceptually murky. To address this, this study examines how researchers have stood on the shoulders of “giants”. Results from the bibliometric network analyses of 91 journal articles and over 3000 citations reveals the structure of the invisible college of engagement research and identifies foundational and prominent publications. A close reading and analysis documents how these publications are influencing the theoretical development of engagement research in public relations.
MD-PhD Program Graduates' Engagement in Research: Results of a National Study

PURPOSE To determine if specialty, among other professional development and demographic variables, predicted MD-PhD program graduates' research engagement. METHOD The authors merged the 2015 Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) National MD-PhD Program Outcomes Survey database with selected data from the AAMC Student Records System, Graduation Questionnaire, and Graduate Medical Education (GME) Track Resident Survey. At the person level, they tested variables of interest for independent associations with MD-PhD graduates' research engagement using chi-square, Pearson correlations, and analysis of variance tests and logistic and linear regressions. RESULTS Of 3,297 MD-PhD graduates from 1991-2010 who were no longer in GME training in 2015, 78.0% (2,572/3,297) reported research engagement. In models controlling for several variables, a neurology (vs internal medicine; adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.60-3.86) or pathology (vs internal medicine; AOR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.33-2.68) specialty, full-time faculty/research scientist career intention at graduation (vs all other career intentions; AOR: 3.04; 95% CI: 2.16-4.28), and ≥ 1 year of GME research (vs no GME research year[s]; AOR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.96-3.06) predicted a greater likelihood of research engagement. Among graduates engaged in research, the mean percentage of research time was 49.9% (standard deviation 30.1%). Participation in ≥ 1 year of GME research (beta [β] coefficient: 7.99, P < .001) predicted a higher percentage of research time, whereas a radiation oncology (β: -28.70), diagnostic radiology (β: -32.92), or surgery (β: -29.61) specialty, among others, predicted a lower percentage of research time (each P < .001 vs internal medicine). CONCLUSIONS Most MD-PhD graduates were engaged in research, but the extent of their engagement varied substantially among specialties. Across specialties, participation in research during GME may be one factor that sustains MD-PhD graduates' subsequent early- to midcareer research engagement.
Human-centric infrastructure resilience: Uncovering well-being risk disparity due to infrastructure disruptions in disasters

The objective of this paper is to empirically examine the impacts of infrastructure service disruptions on the well-being of vulnerable populations during disasters. There are limited studies that empirically evaluate the extent to which disruptions in infrastructure system services impact subpopulation groups differently and how these impacts relate to the wellbeing of households. Being able to systematically capture the differential experiences of sub-populations in a community due to infrastructure disruptions is necessary to highlight the differential needs and inequities that households have. In order to address this knowledge gap, this study derives an empirical relationship between sociodemographic factors of households and their subjective well-being impacts due to disruptions in various infrastructure services during and immediately after Hurricane Harvey. Statistical analysis driven by spearman-rank order correlations and fisher-z tests indicated significant disparities in well-being due to service disruptions among vulnerable population groups. The characterization of subjective well-being is used to explain to what extent infrastructure service disruptions influence different subpopulations. The results show that: (1) disruptions in transportation, solid waste, food, and water infrastructure services resulted in more significant well-being impact disparities as compared to electricity and communication services; (2) households identifying as Black and African American experienced well-being impact due to disruptions in food, transportation, and solid waste services; and (3) households were more likely to feel helpless, difficulty doing daily tasks and feeling distance from their community as a result of service disruptions. The findings present novel insights into understanding the role of infrastructure resilience in household well-being and highlights why it is so important to use approaches that consider various factors. Infrastructure resilience models tend to be monolithic. The results provide empirical and quantitative evidence of the inequalities in well-being impacts across various sub-populations. The research approach and findings enable a paradigm shift towards a more human-centric approach to infrastructure resilience.
Diagnosis and management of sternoclavicular joint infections: a literature review

The sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) is anatomically and clinically significant considering its proximity to important neuro-vascular structures like the subclavian vessels and the phrenic nerve. Infections of this joint masquerade multiple disorders, delay diagnosis and spread to the bone and deep tissues. There is no standardized workup and treatment protocol for sternoclavicular joint infections (SCJI) as defined in literature. Here, we review the existing literature to understand the current knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of SCJI. We searched English publications in PubMed and included clinical trials, case reports, case series, retrospective cohort studies, literature and systematic reviews after excluding non-infectious etiology of SCJ pathologies. There are many risk factors for SCJI, such as immunocompromised status, intravenous drug use, trauma and arthropathies. But a large percentage of patients with disease have none of these risk factors. SCJIs can present with fever, joint swelling, immobility, and rarely with vocal cord palsy or dysphagia. While Staphylococcus aureus causes over 50% of SCJI cases, other pathogens such as Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium are frequently seen. When diagnosed early, the infection can be medically managed with antibiotics or joint aspirations. Most cases of SCJI, however, are diagnosed after extensive spread to soft tissue and bones requiring en-bloc resection with or without a muscle flap. Complications of undertreatment can range from simple abscess formation to mediastinitis, even sepsis. SCJIs are rare but serious infections prompting early detection and interventions. Most cases of SCJI treated adequately show complete resolution in months while retaining maximum functionality. Key features of proper healing include aggressive physiotherapy to prevent adhesive shoulder capsulitis and decreased range of motion.
Interpretability and Explainability of LSP Evaluation Criteria

Logic Scoring of Preference (LSP) is a soft computing decision method for evaluation and selection of complex objects and alternatives using logic criteria. LSP criteria are based on graded logic aggregation structures that in most cases have a canonical form of tree. Such trees aggregate degrees of truth or degrees of fuzzy membership. The aggregators are graded logic functions. Each node in the tree of logic aggregators has a specific semantic identity − it has the interpretation, role, meaning, and importance for the decision maker. The semantic identity of all arguments can be used to develop explainable LSP criteria, and to provide explanation of all results generated in the process of evaluation, comparison, and selection of complex objects and alternatives. In this paper we propose explainability parameters and use them in decision making to provide the explainability of both the results of evaluation of a single object, and the results of comparison and selection of multiple competitive alternatives.
Oncogenic functions and therapeutic targeting of EphA2 in cancer

More than 25 years of research and preclinical validation have defined EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase as a promising molecular target for clinical translation in cancer treatment. Molecular, genetic, biochemical, and pharmacological targeting strategies have been extensively tested in vitro and in vivo, and drugs like dasatinib, initially designed to target SRC family kinases, have been found to also target EphA2 activity. Other small molecules, therapeutic targeting antibodies, and peptide-drug conjugates are being tested, and more recently, approaches harnessing antitumor immunity against EphA2-expressing cancer cells have emerged as a promising strategy. This review will summarize preclinical studies supporting the oncogenic role of EphA2 in breast cancer, lung cancer, glioblastoma, and melanoma, while delineating the differing roles of canonical and noncanonical EphA2 signaling in each setting. This review also summarizes completed and ongoing clinical trials, highlighting the promise and challenges of targeting EphA2 in cancer.
Ambidirectional cohort study on the agreement of ultrasonography and surgery in the identification of parathyroid pathology, and predictors of postoperative hypocalcemia in 47 dogs undergoing parathyroidectomy due to primary hyperparathyroidism.

Objective To investigate (1a) agreement of ultrasonographic, surgical, and histopathologic findings in the diagnosis of a neoplastic etiology underlying primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), (1b) the ability of ultrasonographically determined parathyroid gland size to distinguish between malignant (carcinoma) and non-malignant (hyperplasia, adenoma) pathology, and (2) variables associated with postoperative hypocalcemia in dogs undergoing surgical treatment of PHPT. Study design Ambidirectional cohort study. Animals Forty-seven client owned dogs with PHPT (34 retrospective; 13 prospective). Methods Data were extracted from medical records. Method agreements were explored using Cohen's Kappa statistic. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine a cut-off separating parathyroid pathologies. Univariable and multivariable models assessed associations between postoperative hypocalcemia and potential risk factors. Results Agreement of ultrasound and surgery for number and side of affected glands was 31/47 (65.9%) and 34/47 (72.3%), respectively. In 37/47 (78.7%) cases, parathyroid tissue was correctly assessed as pathologic by the surgeon. An ultrasonographic cut-off of ≥8.0 mm (ROC AUC = 0.82) best distinguished malignant from benign pathologies. Dogs with a preoperative serum ionized calcium (iCa) concentration ≥1.75 mEq/L had 7.5 times greater odds of becoming hypocalcemic postoperatively. Conclusion A fair agreement existed between ultrasonographic and surgical findings in dogs with PHPT. A parathyroid mass ≥8.0 mm on ultrasonographic examination was suggestive of malignancy, while dogs with a preoperative serum iCa concentration ≥1.75 mEq/L were at increased risk for postoperative hypocalcemia in this study. Clinical significance This study supports the use of bilateral cervical surgical exploration to identify abnormal parathyroid glands for the treatment of PHPT.
The Rape Forgiver

On Wednesday, September 9, 2020, a particularly vicious gang rape took place in Pakistan: the woman’s young children were forced to witness this act of brutality. The local police chief blamed the victim for driving at night on an empty road. Been there, heard that. Move along, nothing to see here.
Managerial Ability and Earnings Quality

ABSTRACT : We examine the relation between managerial ability and earnings quality. We find that earnings quality is positively associated with managerial ability. Specifically, more able managers are associated with fewer subsequent restatements, higher earnings and accruals persistence, lower errors in the bad debt provision, and higher quality accrual estimations. The results are consistent with the premise that managers can and do impact the quality of the judgments and estimates used to form earnings. Data Availability: Data are publicly available from the sources identified in the text.
Evaluation of the HearWell Pilot Program: A Participatory Total Worker Health® Approach to Hearing Conservation

Our objective was to pilot test HearWell, an intervention created to preserve hearing among highway maintainers, by using a participatory Total Worker Health® (TWH) approach to designing, implementing and evaluating interventions. Regional maintenance garages were randomized to control (n = 6); HearWell (n = 4) or HearWell Design Team (n = 2) arms. Maintainer representatives from the HearWell Design Team garages identified barriers to hearing health and collaborated to design interventions including a safety leadership training for managers, a noise hazard management scheme to identify noise levels and indicate the hearing protection device (HPD) needed, and a comprehensive HearWell training video and protocol. These worker-designed interventions, after manager input, were delivered to the HearWell Design Team and the HearWell garages. Control garages received standard industry hearing conservation training. Periodic surveys of workers in all 12 garages collected information on the frequency of HPD use and a new hearing climate measure to evaluate changes in behaviors and attitudes over the study period and following interventions. An intention-to-treat approach was utilized; differences and trends in group HPD use and hearing climate were analyzed using a mixed-effects model to account for repeated measures from individual participants. The HearWell Design Team maintainers reported the highest frequency of HPD use. Hearing climate improved in each group 6 months following intervention implementation, with the largest increase and highest value for the HearWell Design Team workers. The HearWell pilot intervention showed promising results in improving HPD use through a participatory TWH approach to hearing conservation. Furthermore, results suggest that employee participation in hearing conservation programs may be necessary for maximal effectiveness.
Teacher-Implemented Good Behavior Game with Detained Juvenile Offenders

We implemented a rapid protocol to train teachers in a school for detained juvenile offenders to implement the Good Behavior Game, an empirically supported group contingency procedure, in their classrooms. Data were collected on both teacher (i.e., two measures of treatment integrity) and student behavior (i.e., disruptive behavior). Results indicated clear treatment effects in three of five classrooms and low levels of disruption but unclear effects in the other two. Most students and teachers preferred the intervention and found it effective.
Family-based Treatment of Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders

Best-practice guidelines for the treatment of child and adolescent eating disorders recommend the inclusion of parents. Family-based treatment (FBT) posits that families are not only important in supporting their children but are critical change agents in the recovery process. As originally developed for anorexia nervosa, parents take a central role in managing and disrupting eating disorder symptoms. The most evidence-based treatment model for adolescent anorexia nervosa, FBT has also recently been found to be useful in the treatment of adolescent bulimia nervosa. This article provides a summary of the theoretic model, evidence base, and application of FBT.
The Struggle for The Falklands

The Falkland Islands (or Las Malvinas, as Spanish speakers call them)1 are a small archipelago in the South Atlantic, with a population of slightly more than 1,700.2 Britain rules them and Argentina claims them. In the first week of April 1982, in a bloodless strike, Argentina seized the Falklands from the United Kingdom. Within two months, Britain had mounted a major assault and regained the islands. Civilian casualties were very low; about 960 combatants died. In the United States, the media viewed Argentinian motives and capabilities with derision and encouraged the notion that the Falklands war was comic opera. Washington expressed strong sympathy for the United Kingdom and many U.S. officials used the opportunity to indulge in Churchillian rhetoric. Many factors, not all of them relevant, colored media coverage of the war and appraisal of its background in the United States. There was a general revulsion over Argentinian domestic human rights violations," though the United States has courted and embraced governments possessing worse human rights records. Some commentators accused Argentina of using a foreign adventure to divert attention from a disastrous domestic economic policy, although one has the impression that
Grapefruit phenolics—II.

Abstract Umbelliferone, esculetin, scopoletin, bergaptol, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, naringenin, isosakuranetin, eriodictyol, hesperetin, apigenin, dihydrokaempferol, kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin were isolated from extracts of mature grapefruit endocarp (Citrus paradisi Macf.) after enzymic hydrolysis of the glycosides and esters. Peel contained the same compounds as endocarp but in different relative amounts. This appears to be the most complete sequence of stable postulated biosynthetic intermediate aglycones leading from p-coumaric acid to coumarin, furocoumarin, flavanone, flavone, and flavonol end-products yet found to co-occur in a single plant tissue.
Mismatched nucleotides in DNA correlate with radiosensitization by gemcitabine

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004 2969 Gemcitabine (2’,2’-difluroro-2’-deoxycytidine;dFdCyd) is a nucleoside analogue that has shown clinical effectiveness against a variety of solid tumors, and shown to be a potent radiosensitizer in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo . While the mechanism by which dFdCyd achieves its radiosensitizing effect has not been elucidated, strong correlative data has assisted us in developing a testable hypothesis. The active metabolite dFdCDP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, decreasing synthesis of dNTPs for DNA synthesis. This inhibition primarily results in a decrease in dATP and this depletion is strongly correlated to radiosensitization. Studies by others and us suggest that redistribution of cells into S-phase prior to irradiation is also important for radiosensitization. Based on these data, we hypothesize that radiosensitization by dFdCyd is the result of incorrect nucleotide incorporation into DNA, as a result of DNA replication in the presence of low dNTP pools, which, if not repaired, augments cell death following irradiation. This hypothesis was supported by the finding that mismatch repair (MMR)- deficient HCT116 cells, which lack hMLH1, were radiosensitized by dFdCyd at ≤IC50 while the isogenic MMR-proficient cell lines, HCT116+ ch3 and HCT116 1-2, which contain an insertion of chromosome 3 or full-length wild-type hMLH1 cDNA respectively, to correct the hMLH1 deficiency, were not. The plasmid shuttle vector pSP189, which encodes an amber suppressor tRNA sequence ( supF gene) to allow expression of beta-galactosidase in MBM7070 E. Coli cells, was used to directly examine the ability of dFdCyd to produce nucleotide misincorporation by measuring plasmid mutation rates in the MMR-deficient cell line compared to the MMR-proficient cell lines. In the absence of drug, mutation rates were similar between cell lines. Following dFdCyd treatment at concentrations ≤ IC50 only the MMR- deficient cells showed significant incorrect nucleotide incorporation with a ≥ 2-fold increase in mutation rate. These results were extended in D-54 glioblastoma cells which we have previously reported cannot be radiosensitized with dFdCyd at concentrations ≤ IC50. pSP189 shuttle vector studies with D-54 cells revealed a mutation rate following 24 hr dFdCyd treatment (IC50) similar to the rate determined in the absence of drug. However, when D-54 cells were incubated with the IC96 for dFdCyd, the mutation rate was 3-fold greater than that observed in the control condition and most of the lesions were single nucleotide mismatches. Furthermore, subsequent studies demonstrated that this concentration of dFdCyd produced excellent radiosensitization (radiation enhancement ratio = 1.5 ± 0.2). The studies in HCT116 and D-54 cells indicate that only concentrations of dFdCyd that produce radiosensitization result in mismatched nucleotides in DNA and suggest that the mismatched nucleotide lesion is integral to radiosensitization by dFdCyd.
Wing performance in moderate rain

Emphasis is placed on the correlation of surface-film behavior including rivulet formulation with measured values of lift, drag, and moment at angles of attack up to stall. Four regions of surface flow are identified: 1) the droplet-impact, 2) film-convection, 3) rivulet-formation, and 4) droplet-convection regions. The extent that each of these regions covers the airfoil surface changes with incidence and correlates with changes in aerodynamicforce coefficients. Additionally, results quantify effects of the use of boundary-laye r trips for linking flight and wind-tunnel models in rain, and show that surface water phenomena affect laminar-to-turbulent transition in a manner that is inconsistent with the use of transition fixing to increase the effective test Reynolds number. Nomenclature ^wing = wing planform area Cd = drag coefficient, DRAG/^wing C, = lift coefficient, LIFT/^wing Cm — moment coefficient, PITCHING MOMENT/^wing c = chord length Re = Reynolds number based on chord length and freestream velocity a = angle of attack AQ = drag coefficient increment, (Crf)wet - (Cd)dry AC/% = percent change in lift coefficient, 100 x [(Q wet ~ (Q^MQ^ ACm .= moment coefficient increment, (Cw)wet - (Cm)dry
Estrogenic metabolite produced by Fusarium graminearum in stored corn.

Abstract A derivative of resorcinylic acid, produced by the fungus Fusarium graminearum, has been found to be responsible for the estrogenic signs in swine and laboratory rats. An estrogenic response in rats can be incited by injecting intramuscularly as little as 20 μg of the estrogen (F-2). Stimulation in growth of rats was noted at the lower concentrations (20 to 40 μg) of a series. Up to 3,500 ppm of the estrogen was produced on a solid corn medium. The compound is relatively stable to heat and ultraviolet irradiation. Methods of analysis have been developed and include: extraction procedures, evaluations by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, thin-layer chromatography, and gas-liquid chromatography.
Effect of Applied Electric Fields on the Ground State of 3 d 3 , 3 d 5 , and 3 d 8 Ions in α − Al 2 O 3

The effect of applied electric fields on the ground states of $3{d}^{3}$, $3{d}^{5}$, and $3{d}^{8}$ ions in $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has been studied. With the applied field E along the $c$ axis, the results can be explained by allowing the spin-Hamiltonian parameter $D$ (and $a\ensuremath{-}F$ for ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$) to be a linear function of $E$. For an applied field of ${10}^{6}$ V/cm, the relative change in $D$ is of the order of 5% for a typical ion of these series. It seems likely, therefore, that the odd crystal-field components may make a significant contribution to $D$ for a number of these ions. A naive crystal-field model is unable to explain the variation in $\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}D}{\ensuremath{\partial}E}$ observed for the $3{d}^{3}$ and $3{d}^{8}$ ions, but these variations appear well correlated with the corresponding $g\ensuremath{-}{g}_{\mathrm{free}}$ values. The correlation between the microwave and previously observed optical electric field effects is found to be quite poor, thus illustrating the complex nature of the ground-state effects.
A survey on image mosaicing techniques

We perform a comprehensive survey of the existing image mosaicing algorithms.We classify the state-of-the-art mosaicing techniques into major groups.We present a comparative overview of the different mosaicing categories. Image mosaicing, the process of obtaining a wider field-of-view of a scene from a sequence of partial views, has been an attractive research area because of its wide range of applications, including motion detection, resolution enhancement, monitoring global land usage, and medical imaging. A number of image mosaicing algorithms have been proposed over the last two decades. This paper provides an in-depth survey of the existing image mosaicing algorithms by classifying them into several groups. For each group, the fundamental concepts are first explained and then the modifications made to the basic concepts by different researchers are explained. Furthermore, this paper also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of all the mosaicing groups.
Factors influencing postoperative adverse events after Hartmann’s reversal

Aim The study was performed to evaluate factors influencing postoperative adverse events after Hartmann’s reversal (HR). Method This was a retrospective study of unselected patients who underwent HR after the Hartmann’s procedure (HP) for left colonic perforation with peritonitis at a single institution. Data were retrieved from an Institutional Review Board-approved database. The study end-point was postoperative adverse events, which included mortality, complications, reoperations and 30-day readmission. Lag time was defined as the time from HP to HR. The results are expressed as mean ± SD. Results From 1997 to 2007, 204 (39.1%) of all patients who underwent the HP [60 ± 16 years of age; 58% men; body mass index (BMI) = 27.6 ± 5.7; 2% were American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) 1, 50.2% were ASA 2, 39.9% were ASA 3 and 7.9% were ASA 4) underwent HR at an interval of 158 ± 107 days. There were 24 laparoscopic and 180 open HRs, with no deaths. The operating time was 167 ± 64 min, estimated blood loss was 245 ± 283 ml and the 30-day readmission rate was 4.9%. Eleven (5.4%) patients developed 14 (6.8%) complications and five (2.4%) of these patients required a new stoma at the time of HR or later. On multivariate analysis controlling for confounders, chronic renal failure requiring dialysis (OR = 21.0; 95% CI: 1.5–284; P = 0.02) was significantly associated with increased adverse events. Conclusion The study showed that chronic renal failure requiring dialysis was the only independent predictor of postoperative adverse event rates following HR.
The role of eigenvalues in linear feature selection theory

A family of examples is constructed to show that if B is the k x n matrix (I"k|Z)U, where U is an n x n orthogonal matrix, then the eigenvalues of U do not affect the value of divergence D"B in the space of reduced dimension.
Synthesis of single-case design research in communication sciences and disorders: Challenges, strategies, and future directions

The synthesis of scientific evidence has been undertaken for decades as a key mode of knowledge acquisition and development. With the growing evidence-based practice movement, the statistical aggregation tool of meta-analysis, with its techniques for measuring effect size, has become an integral method for assessing, analyzing, comparing, and quantifying findings from primary research studies. The role of meta-analysis in scientific and clinical decision making is expanding; however, evidence from single-case design research has been largely omitted from such efforts due to a lack of appropriate techniques, subpar methodology, and theoretical divisions. As single-case design research is a common methodology used in the study of low-incidence and heterogeneous populations, practice-based fields such as communication sciences and disorders are in need of methods to aggregate the available research and incorporate it into evidence-based decision making. This article outlines the challenges to synthesis of si...
Assertiveness and anxiety: A correlational study

Based on Wolpe's contention that assertive responses are incompatible with anxiety and are effective in overcoming neurotic fear, the present study predicted an inverse relationship between assertiveness and anxiety. Two-hundred-and-fifty male and 200 female college undergraduates completed the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS), a questionnaire measure of assertiveness. Males proved significantly (P < 0·001) more assertive than females. Based on the distribution of RAS scores, three discrete, noncontiguous groups (high, average and low assertive), comprising 86 subjects, were selected for further testing, which included the Maudsley Personality Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Fear Survey Schedule II. Analyses of variance confirmed that assertiveness relates inversely and highly significantly (P < 0·0005) with measures of neuroticism, trait anxiety and interpersonal anxiety for both males and females.
Physical Activity and Physical Fitness of School-Aged Children and Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social communication deficits and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities. Literature comparing the physical activity and fitness of children with ASD to typically developing peers is in need of attention. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the physical activity and fitness of school-aged children with ASD (N = 17) in comparison to typically developing peers (N = 12). Participants with ASD completed diagnostic and developmental assessments and a series of physical fitness assessments: 20-meter multistage shuttle, sit-and-reach test, handgrip strength, and body mass index. Physical activity was measured using accelerometry and preestablished cut-points of physical activity (Freedson et al., 2005). MANCOVA revealed significant between-group effects in strength (P = .03), while ANCOVA revealed significant between-group effects in sedentary (P = .00), light (P = .00), moderate (P = .00), and total moderate-to-vigorous (P = .01) physical activity. Children with ASD are less physically active and fit than typically developing peers. Adapted physical activity programs are one avenue with intervention potential to combat these lower levels of physical activity and fitness found in children with ASD.
Life satisfaction of older Chinese adults living in rural communities

Guided by the socio-environmental theoretical framework, this study examined factors associated with life satisfaction experienced by older Chinese adults living in rural communities. The data used in this study were extracted from the Sample Survey on Aged Population in Urban/Rural China conducted by the China Research Center on Aging in 2000. This study included 10,084 rural older adults in mainland China. In this study 60.2 % of rural older adults were satisfied with their lives. Results from a multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that life satisfaction reported by rural older Chinese adults was significantly related to education, financial resources, self-rated health, financial support from children, satisfaction with children’s support, house sitting for their children, visiting neighbors, and being invited to dinner by neighbors. Research and policy implications of these findings are also discussed.
Reply [to ‘Comment on “On water vapor transport in field soils’ by Anthony T. Cahill and Marc B. Parlange”]

Note: 36(10): 3107-3110 Reference EFLUM-ARTICLE-2000-004doi:10.1029/2000WR900123 Record created on 2005-09-08, modified on 2017-02-23