cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Superdormant Spores of Bacillus Species Germinate Normally with High Pressure, Peptidoglycan Fragments, and Bryostatin

Superdormant spores of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis germinated just as well as dormant spores with pressures of 150 or 500 MPa and with or without heat activation. Superdormant B. subtilis spores also germinated as well as dormant spores with peptidoglycan fragments or bryostatin, a Ser/Thr protein kinase activator.
Current Progress and Future Directions for Research in Instructional Technology.

Two perspectives on the status of current research are offered: (1) In the past 15 years, the field has made extraordinary advances in the technical excellence of research studies, and yet (2) our analytical investment at the front end of research planning has not kept pace. An analysis of present problems is accompanied by two suggestions for future developments in instructional technology research: (1) we need to go beyond descriptive research methods and adoptprescriptive research methodology; and (2) researchers should seek broader and deeper knowledge of previous research in both instructional design and development before they conduct studies.
New Tuohy needle technique for triangular fibrocartilage complex repair: Preliminary studies

The treatment of injuries to the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) has evolved from closed casting through open excision to arthroscopic repair. The authors present the preliminary results of arthroscopic repair of peripheral (Palmer type IB) TFCC tears using a Tuohy needle. Results in 17 patients treated with this technique were obtained retrospectively through chart review and telephone interview. Average age of the patients was 33 years (range, 16 to 54 years). Conservative treatment averaged 9 months (range, 2 to 26 months). The repairs were performed with one or two horizontal mattress sutures of 2-0 polydioxanone. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 13 months (average, 8 months). Sixteen patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the result; 1 was not satisfied. No complications occurred. We believe this Tuohy needle technique is practical and cost-effective for the arthroscopic management of peripheral TFCC tears.
Running From a Bear: How Poor Stock Market Performance Affects the Determinants of Mutual Fund Flows

: Using a proprietary data set to study how past performance affects the determinants of mutual fund flows for a sample of load fund investors, I provide evidence that the determinants of fund flow depend on market conditions for both redemptions and purchases. Specifically, I show that, for redemptions, relative performance and risk adjusted performance are important determinants during a period of record flows into mutual funds. Conversely, during a period of poor performance, absolute performance becomes much more important and relative performance and risk adjusted performance become less important. For purchases, absolute performance, risk adjusted performance, and most relative performance measures become more important during the bear market.
Off-pump bypass of the left anterior descending coronary artery: 23- to 34-year follow-up.

Objective We sought to develop a baseline for long-term survival of patients after off-pump bypass of the left anterior descending coronary artery with the heart beating. Methods We reviewed results for 241 consecutive patients with significant obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery who underwent surgery between November 1969 and the end of 1980. The off-pump operative technique involved elevating and stabilizing a segment of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery with 4 traction sutures. Starting in 1973, an internal thoracic artery became the graft of choice, so that a total of 171 patients received an internal thoracic artery bypass graft, and 70 patients received a saphenous vein graft. Results The median survival of patients with internal thoracic artery grafts was 23.7 years versus 17.9 years for patients with venous grafts ( P Conclusions Off-pump bypass of the left anterior descending coronary artery with an internal thoracic artery can be done on a beating heart safely and results in median survival of patients for more than 23 years.
Nodulation studies with special reference to strains isolated from Sesbania species.

Nodulation tests are described in which 39 strains of rhizobia isolated from 6Sesbania spp., 52 strains of 6 well-recognized rhizobial species and cowpea bacteria were employed. The results are briefed as follows: 1. The strains of sesbania rhizobia showed marked degrees of host specificity on theSesbania spp. tested. 2. All the sesbania rhizobia formed nodules and brought about ineffective responses in plant growth on bean and cowpea plants. None of the bean and cowpea strains produced nodules on theSesbania spp. 3. The diverse strains ofR. meliloti, R. trifolii, R. phaseoli, R. leguminosarum, R. lupini andR. japonicum produced nodules only on the plants contained in their respective bacteria: plant groups. Of the 8 strains of cowpea rhizobia employed, only 2 strains formed nodules on soybean plants. 4. No evidence is contained in this report that the present system of cross-inoculation grouping should be abandoned. 5. The plausibility of variations in infective power of the rhizobia is discussed.
Global detection and characterization of hypothetical proteins in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 using LC-MS based proteomics

The availability of whole genome sequences has enabled the application of powerful tools for assaying global expression patterns in environmentally relevant bacteria such as Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. A large number of genes in prokaryote genomes, including MR-1, have been annotated as hypothetical, indicating that no similar protein has yet been identified in other organisms. Using high-sensitivity MS coupled with accurate mass and time (AMT) tag methodology, 1078 tryptic peptides were collectively detected in MR-1 cultures, 671 of which were unique to their parent protein. Using only these unique tryptic peptides and a minimum of two peptides per protein, we identified, with high confidence, the expression of 258 hypothetical proteins. These proteins ranged from 3.5 to 139 kDa, with 47 being 100 amino acid residues or less. Using a combination of information including detection in cells grown under specific culture conditions, presence within a specific cell fraction, and predictive algorithms such as PSORT and PSORT-B, possible/plausible functions are proposed for some hypothetical proteins. Further, by applying this approach a number of proteins were found not only to be expressed, but only expressed under certain culturing conditions, thereby suggesting function while at the same time isolating several proteins to distinct locales of the cell. These results demonstrate the utility of the AMT tag methodology for comprehensive profiling of the microbial proteome while confirming the expression of a large number of hypothetical genes.
Application of the lag-after-pulsed-separation (LAPS) flow meter to different protein solutions

A lag after pulsed separation (LAPS) meter was previously developed to measure flow rates of protein solutions. The LAPS meter operates on the time-of-flight principle. An upstream event (electrophoretic concentration of the particles in one section of the device) is detected downstream (by change in ac resistance). The time lag between the event and its detection is inversely proportional to the fluid flow rate. We demonstrate the ability of the LAPS meter to measure the flow rate of solutions containing one or more charged biomacromolecules or particles. A prototype of the LAPS meter was used to measure flow rates of solutions of model proteins [bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme and hemoglobin] and mixtures of BSA and lysozyme. Flow rates of 10–50 µl min−1 (average velocities of 0.24–1.2 mm s−1) were measured. When a single ac measurement was used, the results were solution-dependent, which we attribute to the interface between the protein solution and the ac electrodes. A differential mode, in which the signal from a positive and a negative dc pulse were subtracted from each other, eliminated interfacial effects and led to a single universal (solution-independent) calibration curve. The LAPS meter can be used as a non-invasive, no-moving-parts flow sensor in any microfluidic system (such as drug delivery devices or micro-reactor arrays) where one needs to measure the flow rate of a solution or a suspension containing charged species such as proteins or cells.
Effect of parathyroid function on absorption and excretion of calcium, magnesium and phosphate by rats.

The effects of parathyroidectomy, of parathyroid extract administration and of vitamin D on calcium, phosphate and magnesium metabolism by adult male rats have been studied. Parathyroidectomy had no effect on net calcium absorption or calcium balance but the administration of parathyroid gland extract to parathyroidectomized rats decreased them. Parathyroidectomy also had no significant effect on net phosphate absorption or balance. The administration of parathyroid gland extract to parathyroidectomized rats did not change net phosphate absorption but lowered phosphate balance as a consequence of hyperphosphaturia. The secretion of calcium or phosphate into the intestinal tract was unaffected by the parathyroid status or the serum levels of calcium or phosphate. Supplemental vitamin D increased calcium absorption and balance by parathyroidectomized rats much more than by their controls; it had no significant effect on phosphate absorption by intact rats but increased absorption by parathyroidectomized rat...
Radiation damage and copper distribution in 14 MeV copper-ion-implanted nickel — TEM and AEM analyses in cross-section

Abstract 14 MeV Cu ions have been implanted into a pure Ni specimen at 500 ° C to a dose of 6 × 10 20 ions/m 2 . TEM and AEM analyses were performed in cross-section to investigate the effect of implanted Cu on the formation of defect clusters. The TEM result has been compared with that obtained in another Ni specimen which was irradiated with 14 MeV Ni ions to the same damage level at the same temperature. While voids formed throughout the entire damage range in the Ni ion-irradiated sample, they mainly appeared at the near-surface region and at the peak damage depth in the Cu-ion-implanted specimen. A high density of dislocation loops formed in the region where implanted Cu ions were detected by AEM. The AEM result of the implanted Cu concentration profile has been compared with a Monte Carlo calculation.
Characteristics of Selected Health Education Journals

Abstract Publications influence decisions regarding tenure, promotion, and merit increases at most universities. To develop a successful publication plan, an individual needs to be familiar with university and department expectations and factors used to assess quality publications. The purpose of this study was to gather information about selected health education related journals that might be useful to one who is developing a publication plan. Sixteen health education related journals were selected for the study. In a telephone survey, journal editors responded to 18 questions about characteristics of the journal and the submission process. Results revealed that a majority of journals have a readership of 10,000 or less. At least half the articles published by journals are authored by university faculty. All but one journal are refereed, and usually three reviewers are used. At least 50 percent of articles in the journals are research based articles. Over half the journals publish at least one theme iss...
Rhetorical visions of unmarried mothers

Bormann's fantasy theme analysis and Q‐methodology are combined to examine the symbolic reality of unmarried mothers. A dramatistic humanistic analysis of rhetoric produced by and about unmarried mothers identifies three rhetorical visions: the Down and Out Vision, the Making the Best Vision, and the Yummie Vision. The visions are composed of fantasy themes, types, and cues in relation to the following issues: Parents, Birthfather, Society, Relationship with the child, Disclosure, New men, Loneliness, Control, and the Future. Images from the rhetorical analysis are transferred to a Q‐sort card deck and sorted by 64 unmarried mothers into a “most like me—least like me” continuum. QUANAL is used to identify the extent to which unmarried mothers accept or reject the dramas about them. Five transcendent type rhetorical visions are identified within the subject pool, and these visions are discussed and interpreted in light of the rhetorical analysis. Communicative implications and suggestions for future study ...
Evaluating Mental Health Court by Impact on Jurisdictional Crime Rates

Mental health courts are relatively new to the scenes of therapeutic jurisprudence and problem-solving courts. Research is necessary to determine how to evaluate this unique subset of courts and th...
A calcium-activated neutral protease in normal and dystrophic human muscle.

Abstract Human skeletal muscle homogenate was found to degrade casein-yellow substrate slowly at neutral pH. This protease activity was maximally stimulated by 1 mM Ca 2+ . A significant increase in the level of Ca 2+ -activated neutral protease was found specifically in muscle of five patients with Duchenne dystrophy and one patient with the Becker form of X-linked dystrophy.
Ultra-shallow junction formation in silicon using ion implantation

Abstract Extensive studies have been conducted in the semi-empirical and physically-based Monte Carlo modeling of low energy As, BF2, and B implants into (100) silicon as a function of energy, implant angle, dose, and dose rate. In addition, these models are believed to provide reasonable predictions for the damage profiles. We have fabricated ultra-shallow (60 nm) P + N junctions by low energy (5 keV) BF2 implantation into Si, in which the implant dose rate (in addition to dose and energy) is optimized, followed by multi-step rapid thermal annealing (RTA).
Repeated exposure to the polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) elevates the basal serum levels of corticosterone but does not affect the stress-induced rise

Previous studies indicate that repeated exposure of weanling male Fischer 344 rats to Aroclor can cause immune system alterations but the pattern of effects suggested the release of corticosteroids may have played a role. Rats were exposed daily by gastric intubation to the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) Aroclor 1254 at 0.1, 1.0, 10, or 25 mg/kg for exposure durations of 5, 10 or 15 weeks. By the 15th week of dosing all groups displayed an elevation in the basal level of serum corticosterone but no change in adrenal weight. Further, rats exposed to Aroclor 1254 for 15 weeks and subjected to stress prior to serum collection displayed elevations in corticosterone levels equivalent to stressed control rats. The failure to observe altered adrenal structure indicative of hyperactivity in the presence of increased serum levels of corticosterone suggest these basal increases may be indirect rather than direct effects of Aroclor 1254.
On the iteration of a rational function: computer experiments with Newton's method

Using Newton's method to look for roots of a polynomial in the complex plane amounts to iterating a certain rational function. This article describes the behavior of Newton iteration for cubic polynomials. After a change of variables, these polynomials can be parametrized by a single complex parameter, and the Newton transformation has a single critical point other than its fixed points at the roots of the polynomial. We describe the behavior of the orbit of the free critical point as the parameter is varied. The Julia set, points where Newton's method fail to converge, is also pictured. These sets exhibit an unexpected stability of their gross structure while the changes in small scale structure are intricate and subtle.
Near-bottom shear stresses in a small, highly stratified estuary

[1] This paper examines near-bottom shear stresses at two locations in a small, highly stratified estuary: the Navesink River, New Jersey, USA. The shear stresses obtained from acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) operating in the recently developed mode 11 at a high spatial resolution are examined in detail. Measurement noise of the ADCP is estimated using autocorrelation analyses and is found to be small but correlated with velocity. Measurement noise in estimates of Reynolds stress is found to be somewhat smaller than that obtained in earlier studies for the ADCP operating in mode 4. Internal waves may have produced observed correlated oscillatory motions. The effect of these motions on Reynolds stress estimates is quantified and shown to be at least an order of magnitude less than the total measured stress and probably much less. The high-spatial-resolution profiles from the ADCP operating in mode 11 allow excellent measurements of near-bed vertical velocity gradients. Log profile estimates of stress are poorly related to Reynolds estimates, even when stability measures based on near-bed density gradients are taken into account. We show that upper layer pycnoclines likely inhibit turbulence and bias log profile estimates even at a half meter above the bed, where the water column is well mixed.
Optical Features of Linear Excimer Fluorescent Lamps

The complexity and specialization of optical applications is calling for tailor-made solutions as can be seen in the multitude of new specialized light sources present on the market. The OSRAM LINEX™ barrier discharge system is an example, how application related requirements are already addressed on the light source level. After introduction of the technology the paper explains the lamp's optical features by means of numerical simulation which are in agreement with experimental data. Several examples like LCD backlighting or automotive signal applications demonstrate how overall system performance can be enhanced through design changes already on the light source level.
An intuitive appeal for the correct calculation of Present Value-Based Measurements in Accounting

Abstract Most introductory and intermediate textbooks in accounting provide a discussion of the time value of money and include a presentation of the calculation of bond values as an example. The bond valuation model is needed primarily for the valuation of debt on the firm's balance sheet when the issue is placed in the market at an amount other than its face value. Often, however, these texts present this information in an incorrect or confusing manner. The errors arise from improperly determining the appropriate discount rate to use when interest payments are other than annual. This paper briefly summarizes prior efforts to correct this problem and offers a consolidated and intuitive approach for accounting instructors to use in presenting this information to students. Examples are provided which can be used in the classroom to explain differences in the alternative techniques, as well as explain the types of errors caused by use of incorrect procedures under different assumptions. Present value concepts play an important role in the recognition and measurement of many accounting transactions, including those in such areas as corporate bonds, long-term notes, long-term investments, capital leases, pension cost components, and capital budgeting. The importance of present value issues is also evident from a Discussion Memorandum entitled “Present Value-Based Measurements in Accounting,” issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB, 1990). Given the importance that time-value-of-money concepts play in accounting, and the scope of the current FASB agenda project dealing with present-value measurements, it is important for the accounting instructor to correctly understand and present this information.
Lateral root development and hydraulic conductance in four populations of Gutierrezia sarothrae

Abstract We hypothesize that drought-avoidance in Gutierrezia sarothrae populations is characterized by well-developed lateral roots. Root growth and hydraulic conductance were studied in four populations of Gutierrezia sarothrae . Seedlings from a Malta, Idaho (ID) seed source had four times higher root/shoot ratio ( P P P TA=PL > ID. The NM and TA populations had lower specific lateral root length ( P P Gutierrezia sarothrae .
The distinctness of borders formed between equally saturated, psychologically unique fields.

Abstract Psychologically unique stimuli, all of the same brightness and saturation, are juxtaposed. The border formed at their junction is evaluated for distinctness, using the contrast between the sectors of a nearby achromatic matching field for comparison. Four of the six possible chromatic pairs yield matching contrasts that are equal to each other, and greater than when either component is juxtaposed with white. For the other two pairs (red-yellow and green-blue), an unexpected result occurs: the border separating the fields appears almost to “melt” and cannot be clearly seen, even when normal eye movements are allowed. We have modified our model of chromatic and brain activity underlying border contrast, in order to embrace the new results. It is noted that the colors which cancel in hue when superposed are not the same ones which cancel border distinctness when juxtaposed.
Hexameric C-alkylpyrogallol[4]arene molecular capsules sustained by metal-ion coordination and hydrogen bonds

Large multicomponent nanospheroid arrays consisting of six C-pentylpyrogallol[4]arene molecules and 12 Ga3+ metal-ions which in turn enclose 1150 A3 of chemical space are reported.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin as a Predictor of Fetal Pulmonic Maturity in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes at Term

In insulin dependent diabetic (IDDM) gestations, fetal pulmonary maturity is delayed in the presence of suboptimal glycemic control. Serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) provides a means of assessing glycemic control. We evaluated maternal HbA1 c in IDDM pregnancies at term undergoing amniocentesis for lung maturity to establish if euglycemia is associated with improved fetal lung maturity. Between July 1995 and June 1996, IDDM patients undergoing amniocentesis at term for lung maturity studies had a maternal serum sample analyzed for HbA1c. Fetal lung maturity was established by the presence of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in amniotic fluid. HbA1c was considered elevated if >6.2%. Mean HbA1 c level was 6.8% (range 4.4 to 9.9%). PG was present in 54% of patients with elevated HbA1c (7/13) versus 80% of those with normal HbA1 c (8/10) (p = 0.4). Although birth weight was higher in the elevated than in the normal HbA1c group (3770 ± 514 vs. 3215 ± 610 g), no association was present between birth weight and HbA1 c level (r = 0.22, p = 0.4). The rate of a mature pulmonic profile at term is not significantly different between IDDM women with good or poor glycemic control. HbA1 c values should not be used to predict the presence or absence of amniotic fluid PG.
Beta‐WAIS comparisons with low functioning minority group offenders: A cautionary note

Investigated the utility of the Revised Beta as a screening device for low-functioning minority-group criminal offenders. Forty-seven black and Hispanic offenders who scored below 85 on the Beta were administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). Mean scores for this sample were correlated only mildly. Furthermore, the means were not comparable; these offenders scored lower on the Beta than on the WAIS. This finding contradicts prior research and creates the need for caution in using the Beta as a screening device with this population.
A large dental granuloma (? inflammatory pseudotumor) with unusual features: report of case

Several entities were included in the differential diagnosis of a large, firm, nontender swelling of the right posterior side of the mandible in a 56-year-old woman. A large, solid, destructive inflammatory tumor of the mandible is described. Several pathologic entities are considered and subsequently eliminated in the differential diagnosis. Purists may prefer a more general term, inflammatory pseudotumor, for this lesion because pulp testing procedures to rule out dental granuloma were never performed. Nevertheless, we strongly believe that the lesion described is a dental granuloma. A previously reported, similar case is mentioned. Although that lesion was entitled differently, we think that it, too, may have been a large residual dental granuloma.
Neonatal dopamine depletion reveals a synergistic mechanism of mRNA regulation that is mediated by dopamineD1 and serotonin2 receptors and is targeted to tachykinin neurons of the dorsomedial striatum

Abstract It has been hypothesized that dopamine D1 and serotonin 2 receptors become sensitized to agonist-mediated regulation of gene expression following loss of dopaminergic innervation to the striatum. We have previously demonstrated that the combined administration of dopamine D1 and serotonin 2 receptor agonists to dopamine-depleted adult rats induced preprotachykinin mRNA expression within the periventricular rostral striatum to levels which were significantly different than what could be elicited by either agonist alone. In the present study, we have determined that this phenomenon is revealed only after dopamine depletion. In addition, it is targeted primarily to tachykinin producing neurons of the dorsomedial striatum and is dependent on both dopamine D1 and serotonin 2 receptor activation. Preprotachykinin mRNA levels in the intact striatum were unaltered 4 h following an i.p. injection of either SKF-38393 (1 mg/kg, dopamine D1 partial agonist) or (±)-1-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI 1 mg/kg, serotonin 2 agonist). However, the combined application of both agonists increased (+44%) preprotachykinin message levels, but these changes were restricted to the dorsomedial striatum. In adult animals depleted of dopamine as neonates, striatal preprotachykinin mRNA expression was reduced by approximately 50%. From this lowered level of basal expression, DOI or SKF-38393 raised preprotachykinin mRNA levels within the dorsomedial, but not the dorsolateral striatum. Furthermore, co-stimulation of dopamine D1 and serotonin 2 receptors produced a nearly four-fold induction of preprotachykinin message levels in the dorsomedial striatum that was significantly greater than either agonist alone. Application of both agonists also elevated preprotachykinin mRNA expression within the dorsolateral striatum, but to a lesser extent. All increases in preprotachykinin mRNA resulting from co-application of SKF-38393 and DOI were prevented by pretreatment with either SCH-23390 (1 mg/kg, dopamine D1 antagonist) or ritanserin (1 mg/kg, serotonin 2 antagonist). Alternately, preproenkephalin mRNA expression was unaffected by dopamine D1 receptor stimulation, but was slightly elevated by DOI or both agonists together (42–58%) in intact animals. However, neither agonist treatment in this experiment significantly altered preproenkephalin mRNA expression in the dopamine-depleted striatum which was elevated in response to dopamine lesion alone. Dopamine depletion appears to promote a synergistic interaction between dopamine D1 and serotonin 2 receptors that leads to enhanced expression of striatal preprotachykinin mRNA levels. The localization of this phenomenon to tachykinin neurons of the direct striatonigral pathway specifically within the dorsomedial regions of the rostral striatum may be relevant to the problem of dyskinetic behaviors which arise during the pharmacological treatment of movement disorders.
Nanoskiving: a novel method for nanofabrication and its applications in nanophotonics

Nanoskiving is a novel and inexpensive method that has been used to fabricate both isolated nanostructures and ordered arrays of nanostructures. The dimensions of the nanostructures are determined by i) the thickness of the deposited thinfilm (tens of nanometers), ii) the topography (sub-μm, using soft lithography) of the surface onto which the thin-film is deposited, and iii) the thickness of the section cut by the microtome (> 30 nm by ultramicrotomy). Nanoskiving can fabricate complex nanostructures that are difficult or impossible to achieve by other methods of nanofabrication. These include multilayer structures, structures on curved surfaces, structures that span gaps, structures in less familiar materials, structures with high aspect ratios, and large-area structures comprising two-dimensional periodic arrays. In this paper, we described the history, procedure, and applications, particularly in nanophotonics, of nanoskiving.
SUPERA interwoven nitinol Stent Outcomes in Above-Knee IntErventions (SAKE) study

Abstract Purpose To report experience with the novel interwoven-wire self-expanding nitinol SUPERA stent (IDEV Technologies, Inc/Abbott Laboratories, Inc, Webster, Texas) for the treatment of severely diseased superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients with severely diseased superficial femoral and popliteal arteries who received SUPERA stents (n = 80 patients [98 limbs]; mean age, 70.8 y; 80% male) were retrospectively identified. Patients were followed for an average of 14.3 months after intervention. Results Total occlusions were present in 39% of the lesions, 21% had tissue loss, and 61% demonstrated calcification on fluoroscopy. Patients were prescribed dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) for at least 30 days unless contraindicated, followed by aspirin alone indefinitely. The mean (± SD) lesion length was 143 mm (± 98). Based on need for clinical intervention, primary patency was 96.9% at 6 months and 85.8% at 12 months (Kaplan-Meier estimates). Assisted primary patency and secondary patency rates at 12 months were 96.8% and 100%, respectively. Ankle-brachial index increased from 0.60 at baseline to 0.83 at last follow-up ( P Conclusions Based on experience with multiple operators at a single clinical center, the interwoven nitinol stent design provides a viable option for high-grade obstructive disease in the femoropopliteal artery.
Designing Transactions without Framing Effects in Iterative Question Formats

Abstract Several studies document that iterative question formats used in contingent valuation studies produce anomalies in respondent behavior that appear to threaten the validity of welfare estimates. By decomposing iterative question formats into their ascending and descending sequences, we show that these anomalies occur only in ascending sequences. We describe the conditions under which comparable patterns of behavior are likely to be found in other iterative question formats that begin with a discrete willingness-to-pay question. We then develop a unified explanation of these anomalies using our model of framing based on prospect theory. We provide the first head-to-head test of rival explanations of these behavioral patterns by developing refutable hypotheses for the strategic behavior, yea-saying, anchoring, and cost-expectations models. Finally, based on our own statistically robust model, we show how these anomalies can be eliminated without loss of the statistical efficiency of most iterative question formats.
The 31S0-33P0 transition in the aluminum isotope ion 26A1+: a potentially superior passive laser frequency standard and spectrum analyzer.

Abstract The aluminum 26 isotope ion is proposed here as a possible candidate for a superior atomic clock. For this even isotope, the extraordinarily long lifetime of the 33P0 state offers a potential clock transition (31S0-33P0) linewidth of 300 microHz. The mF = 0 --> 0 transition has only a quadratic Zeeman shift approximately 4 x 10(-18) at 0.1 Gauss magnetic field, compared to approximately 10(-8) for the hydrogen maser. Electronic quadrupole moments vanish for both J and J' states and with them shifts due to electric field gradients. All shifts have been estimated and are orders of magnitude less than for Hg+ and Ba+, which are being studied as atomic clock elements.
Teleost fish genomes contain a diverse array of L1 retrotransposon lineages that exhibit a low copy number and high rate of turnover.

Retrotransposable elements exhibit a wide range of variation in population dynamics, abundance, and lineage diversity among host genomes across taxa. This range of diversity is illustrated by a single well-defined constituent monophyletic clade of L1 non-LTR retrotransposons that is shared between mammalian and teleost fish genomes. Despite the clear phylogenetic relationships that exist between mammalian and teleost L1 sequences, these elements exhibit markedly different dynamics within their respective taxa. While mammalian genomes typically contain a single, abundant lineage of L1 elements that traces millions of years of evolution, the zebraflsh genome was recently shown to exhibit a high diversity of ancient lineages coexisting at a very low copy number and apparently exhibiting a high rate of turnover. In the present study, a combination of degenerate PCR, lineage-specific PCR, and genomic Southern blot analysis is utilized to demonstrate high L1 lineage diversity, low copy number, and a high proportion of polymorphic inserts in the genomes of the killifish species, Fundulus heteroclitus. Additional species surveyed by degenerate PCR include Cyprinodon variegatus, Rivulus marmoratus, and Menidia beryllina. These results further support the generality of the differences that exist in host–element dynamics between teleost fish and mammalian genomes with regard to L1 retrotransposons.
Transanal, full-thickness, Swenson-like approach for Hirschsprung disease.

Abstract Purpose Swenson’s procedure for Hirschsprung disease (HD) was thought to disturb fecal, urinary, and ejaculatory functions leading to other approaches including the Soave and Duhamel techniques. Given our Center’s experience with a full-thickness rectal dissection for anorectal malformations, and using the new transanal concept, we chose to apply these ideas to the primary treatment of HD, and describe technical aspects and impact on fecal, urinary, and sexual function. Methods We reviewed our series of HD patients who underwent a transanal, Swenson-like rectosigmoid dissection, assessing for postoperative stricture, anastomotic leak, enterocolitis, and long-term results for bowel, urinary, and sexual function. Results Of 67 patients, 28 had a transanal resection, 5 had transanal plus laparoscopy, and 34 had transanal plus laparotomy, of those, 28 patients had a leveling colostomy prior to referral. The average length of resection was 27 cm ± 12.7 cm. Mean follow-up was 17.2 months (range 1–96 months). 44 patients were at least three years old at follow-up and were assessed for urinary and fecal continence; all (100%) had voluntary bowel movements and urinary continence. Enterocolitis occurred in 9 patients (14%) and constipation (requiring laxatives) occurred in 21 (32%). Of 24 male patients, 21 (88%) reported the occurrence of spontaneous erections post-operatively. Conclusion Our data support the fact that a modification of Swenson’s original transabdominal dissection concept using the recently described transanal approach is an excellent technique for Hirschsprung, and produces excellent long-term outcomes for fecal and urinary continence, and seems to preserve erectile function.
Short-term and long-term clinostat and vibration-induced biochemical changes in dwarf marigold stems.

Stems of 21-day dwarf marigold plants cultivated on the clinostat were compared with plants cultivated on vertical axis rotators ('vibrational controls') and stationary controls for long-term changes in cell wall composition. Stems of 21-day plants grown under stationary conditions and subsequently exposed to the clinostat for 24 hours were also analyzed. Among the long-term markers, calcium, lignin, and protein-bound hemicellulose (possibly cell wall glycoprotein) clearly differentiated the effects of vibration from those of the clinostat. Short-term differential responses included rate of ethylene production, nastic movement and peroxidase activity of the cell wall, but not of the protoplast.
Predicting children's quality of life in an asthma clinical trial: what do children's reports tell us?

Abstract Objective: To define predictors of disease-specific quality of life (QOL) and the relationship between asthma symptoms and disease-specific QOL. Study design: Three hundred thirty-nine children participated at 4 of 8 Childhood Asthma Management Program clinical centers. Included in the analyses were 2 weeks of asthma symptom data, child-reported health status, and QOL scores from the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data were obtained 12 months after randomization into the Childhood Asthma Management Program. Results: Children were rated at baseline as having “moderate” asthma (63%) and “mild” asthma (37%). QOL scores were correlated with the child-reported anxiety measures. Factor analysis of the QOL measure resulted in 2 factors. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that the strongest independent predictors of QOL were the child's anxiety level, age, sex, and a measure of the child's tendency to minimize or exaggerate symptoms. Conclusions: Children had few asthma symptoms in the 2 weeks before their 12-month follow-up clinic visit and a generally positive QOL, suggesting that mild-to-moderate asthma does not significantly impair QOL. A child's QOL was predicted primarily by their level of anxiety. (J Pediatr 2001;139:854–61)
Children's understanding of their own and others' mental states. Part B. Understanding of others precedes self-understanding for some false beliefs

We examined 3- to 6-year-old children's understanding of their own and another's false beliefs in two experiments using diverse deceptive box and unexpected transfer tasks. Tasks in the first experiment required the child to think about an absent person's responses to questions, whereas those in the second experiment used a confederate present during testing. Children performed better on deceptive box tasks when the other person was present rather than absent; they performed equally on accidental and intentional unexpected transfer tasks. Children understood the other's false beliefs by 4-5 years of age, and their own by 5-6 years of age. Children aged between 4 and 5 years appear to have greater difficulty discounting or ignoring misleading information when thinking about their own beliefs than when thinking about another's, at least for the particular false belief tasks employed. Inconsistencies between our findings and those of a recent meta-analysis (Wellman, Cross, & Watson, 2001) are easily reconciled.
Sodium 2P fine-structure transitions in collisions with helium☆

Closed coupled partial wave calculation of cross section for fine structure transitions in Na in collisions with He
Optimal parallel algorithm for visibility of a simple polygon from a point

We present a parallel algorithm for computing the visible portion of a simple polygonal chain with n vertices from a point in the plane. The algorithm runs in O(log n) time using O(n/ log n) processors in the CREW-PRAM computational model, and hence is asymptomatically optimal.
PET/MRI Radiotracer Beyond 18F-FDG

The recent development and introduction of new hybrid imaging devices combining positron emission tomography (PET) technology with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) opens up new perspectives in clinical molecular imaging. Combining MRI and fluorine-18 choline PET would theoretically produce valuable clinical data in a single imaging session, which can be used for staging, prognosis, and assessment of treatment response. Fluorine-18-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) is a highly sensitive PET tracer used as a marker of osteoblastic abnormalities. PET imaging with (68)Ga-DOTATATE or DOTATOC has demonstrated promising results for locating metastatic lesions, occasionally with superior sensitivity than whole-body MRI. l-DOPA PET adds data regarding l-DOPA metabolism, which may increase the specificity and sensibility of the study itself. Fluoromisonidazole is known to be not only a useful tracer for determining hypoxic cells but also an efficient hypoxic radiosensitizer.
Progress toward the determination of Sr2+ in highly basic solutions using imaging optical fiber sensor arrays

This manuscript describes initial progress toward the development of an imaging optical fiber microsphere sensor array for real-time monitoring of Sr2+ in process streams from high-level radioactive waste (HLW) remediation. Fura-2, a fluorescent molecular recognition compound, which displays increased fluorescence intensity upon complexation with divalent cations, was employed as a probe to quantify Sr2+. The solution-based detection of Sr2+ using Fura-2 was investigated in the presence of low Ca2+ concentrations and at high pH and ionic strength. A linear range of 6.7 × 10−7 M to 6.7 × 10−4 M was obtained for Sr2+ in neutral solutions containing trace Ca2+ and 6.7 × 10−8 M and 6.7 × 10−4 M for Sr2+ in high pH, high ionic strength solutions. Additionally, the stability of imaging optical fibers to harsh, high pH conditions was examined. These experiments suggest the fiber surface may need to be modified so that they are stable during the anticipated measurement times required for HLW.
Systematic relationships in the Cosmanthus phacelias (Hydrophyllaceae)

The status of the subgenusCosmanthus, as interpreted by Constance, is reviewed in terms of cytological, phytogeographical, and morphological criteria. Conclusions are advanced that this is an unrelated assemblage of at least five distinct evolutionary groups. These groups, roughly comparable to sections, are delineated and an identification “key” to species is presented.
Electroabsorption Spectroscopy of Charge-Transfer States of Transition-Metal Complexes. 2. Metal-to-Ligand and Ligand-to-Metal Charge-Transfer Excited States of Pentaammineruthenium Complexes1

The absorption spectra of RuII(NH3)5L and RuIII(NH3)5L (L is an aromatic N-heterocycle or nitrile) complexes in 50:50 glycerol−water glasses at 77 K (Ds = 3.9) are a function of the applied field in the 106−107 V/m range. Analysis of the spectra in terms of the Liptay equations yields ground−excited state dipole-moment differences ranging from 4 to 37 D, depending upon the nature of L. The measured dipole moment differences, particularly those for the MLCT transitions, are much smaller than the values estimated from a simple consideration of the electron-transfer distances. The discrepancy between the observed and naive dipole-moment estimates arises mainly from the multielectron nature of the response to excitation. Good agreement is obtained with the predictions of a model which includes refinement of the effective electron-transfer distance, the shift in the valence electron distribution in the excited state, and the effects of electron delocalization (π-backbonding for Ru(II) and π-bonding for the Ru(...
SU-FF-J-32: A Feasibility Study of Image-Guided Non-Invasive Single-Fraction Stereotactic Radiosurgery Using the 2D2D Match of An On-Board Imaging System

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of image‐guided non‐invasive single‐fraction stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS) using the 2D2D match of a kilo‐voltage on‐board imager (kVOBI). Method and Materials: An institutional‐approved prospective protocol was developed to evaluate the accuracy of frameless SRS over our current invasive system. Each participating patient was immobilized with a thermoplastic mask covering the face and shoulders. Anterior‐posterior and lateral digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) were generated based on the treatment isocenter identified on the planning CT scan. The patient was then transferred to the treatment room and setup by manually aligning an orthogonal pair of kVOBI projection images with the corresponding DRRs. The patient remained in the treatment position for 20 minutes to simulate a mock SRS treatment. Two cone‐beam CT(CBCT) scans, acquired at the beginning and end of the procedure, were fused with the simulation CT scan to determine the setup accuracy and cumulative intra‐fraction movement. For comparison, the setup accuracy was also measured for the same patient in an invasive SRS frame. Results: Three patients were successfully recruited and studied to date. The setup accuracy (distance between the center of the first CBCT scan and planning isocenter) was 2.25±0.67 mm (mean ± one standard deviation). The cumulative intra‐fractional movement was 1.91±0.30 mm, mainly in the superior‐inferior direction (1.79±0.45 mm). The total setup error at the end of treatment (the second CBCT scan) was 3.89±0.09 mm. The setup accuracy of invasive SRS frame was superior (1.63±1.39 mm) in comparison to the mask system. Conclusion: The setup accuracy of two‐dimensional kVOBI was insufficient for single‐fraction SRS. Volumetric CBCT scanning should be used instead for frameless SRS setup. The observed cumulative intra‐fractional was significant for the mask system and should be monitored and corrected using a realtime position feedback device.
Food Preferences of a False Wireworm, Eleodes suturalis

When larvae and adults of Eleodes suturalis (Say) were offered 34 types of seeds (from 31 species of plants), both stages consumed almost all the seeds of hulless barley, hulless oats, wheat, forage sorghum, grain sorghum, sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis), and rye. When larvae only were exposed to germinating seed and growing plants (in simulated field conditions), in special greenhouse beds, sugar-beet seeds were consumed completely, although little damage had been done to these seeds in laboratory tests. In general, a larger percentage of seeds of most species was consumed in laboratory than in greenhouse tests
Distribution of growth hormone‐release‐inhibiting hormone (somatostatin) in the rat brain as observed with immunocytochemistry

The objective was to determine the distribution of growth hormone-release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin) in the rat brain using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method with antisera prepared against unconjugated, synthetic somatostatin. Somatostatin occurred in low quantity in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. It was present throughout the full length of the median eminence and occupied the entire width between the tuberoinfundibular sulci. Most somatostatin was located in the dorsal portion of the external lamina, and the amount varied according to the mediolateral position. The bodies labeled for somatostatin were most often granules; occasionally they appeared as clusters of granules that seemed to be membrane-enclosed. Some of these bodies appeared to be portions of axons. Many of the larger bodies were arranged alongside tanycytes, but no label was distributed generally in tanycyte cytoplasm. Somatostatin was highly concentrated in the proximal one-quarter of the infundibular stem and appeared in lower concentration throughout the distal portion of the stem. It was absent from the pars nervosa and pars intermedia of the pituitary gland. The distribution of somatostatin in the median eminence differed considerably from that of gonadotropinreleasing hormone. Somatostatin was identified in the ventromedial and/or dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei of only two animals. Here it was probably located in axons that terminated on neuronal cell bodies but also may have been present in a restricted portion of the perikaryonal cytoplasm.
Establishing incentive structures and planning agencies that support market-oriented transformations

This note addresses various types of incentives that must be established before a market economy can function effectively. It also argues that the enormous challenge of restructuring large industrial enterprises or reabsorbing their workers, while appropriately based on market signals, cannot be accomplished by the market alone. Some type of planning will eventually be required. Ideally, such planning should receive high priority from the outset with clear recognition that durable macroeconomic stabilization will be very difficult to achieve in a democratic political system until the large state enterprises have been successfully transformed or their workers reabsorbed.