cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeted Treatment for Adjudicated Youth with Learning Disabilities: Effects on Recidivism

The effects of a criminal diversion project on recidivism rates are described for late-age adolescent defendants with learning disabilities. During the 24-month study period, 73 subjects who had completed the project's requirements and received targeted psychosocial, educational, and vocational treatments were compared with regard to criminal recidivism rates with 85 subjects who did not complete the project and a matched group of 34 untreated subjects. Based on official crime statistics, subjects who had completed the project were found to have a significantly lower recidivism rate (12%) relative to noncompleters (40%) and to subjects in the matched group (38%) (p < .001) over a follow-up period of, on average, 20 months. An analysis of differences between groups on a variety of demographic and criminal justice characteristics suggests that the groups were comparable with regard to the variables assessed. Potential mechanisms contributing to the favorable outcome are noted, as is the importance of targeting treatments so that they are skills oriented and combine the more general needs of delinquent youth with the particular needs of adolescents with learning disabilities.
Measuring the impact of practice-based research networks (PBRNs).

Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) continue their upward trajectory in scope and numbers, now engaging community practices that reach approximately 15% of the US population. In this issue, Peterson et al,[1][1] characterizes US PBRNs based on data from the 2011 Agency for Healthcare Research
Geometric analysis of a class of constrained mechanical control systems in the nonzero velocity setting

Abstract We obtain an intrinsic vector-valued symmetric bilinear form that can be associated with an underactuated constrained mechanical control system. We determine properties of the form that serve as sufficient conditions for driving a constrained mechanical system underactuated by one control to an ∈-neighborhood of rest from an arbitrary initial configuration and velocity. We also determine properties of the form which serve as necessary conditions. These conditions are computable and coordinate invariant.
The Impact of Web 2.0 on the Doctor-Patient Relationship:

Web 2.0 innovations may enhance informed patient decision-making, but also raise ethical concerns about inaccurate or misleading information, damage to the doctor-patient relationship, privacy and confidentiality, and health disparities. To increase the benefits and decrease the risks of these innovations, we recommend steps to help patients assess the quality of health information on the Internet; promote constructive doctor-patient communication about new information technologies; and set standards for privacy and data security in patient-controlled health records and for point-of-service advertising.
Smoke Inhalation Injury In A Pony

Summary A seven year old Welsh pony stallion was admitted to the Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital for treatment of smoke inhalation injury (SII) sustained in a barn fire. The pony was severly affected and demonstrated the three clinical phases typically described with SII. A nuclear pulmonary perfusion scan demonstrated multiple areas of unperfused lung suggesting reflex hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, while thoracic radiographs showed only a mild increase in broncho-interstitial pattern. The pony responded well to treatment with oxygen, diuretics, intravenous fluids, bronchodilators, non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents and antibiotics. A tracheostomy was done to relieve upper airway obstruction and to facilitate removal of tracheobonchial pseudomembranous casts. Ultrasonic nebulization and to facilitate removal of tracheobonchial pseudomembranous casts. Ultrasonic nebulization was utilized to moisturize and break up secretions and casts and to deliver bronchodilatory agents. The pony recovered and seven months following the fire was pasture breeding mares. The pathophysiology and treatment of SII in the equine is discussed.
Thrombocytopenia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

As the survival of neonates cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has improved, hematologic issues have been recognized as clinically significant problems in this population. Thrombocytopenia, in particular, is a common finding among sick neonates, but there is considerable debate regarding the appropriate evaluation and management of affected infants. This article provides state-of-the art information on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal thrombocytopenia. Specifically, the risks associated with low platelet counts in neonates are discussed, and a practical approach to the differential diagnosis of neonates who develop thrombocytopenia is provided. Current recommendations for the management of immune and nonimmune varieties of thrombocytopenia also are reviewed, with an emphasis on the risks and benefits associated with platelet transfusions in this age group.
AUA Best Practice Statement for the Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients Undergoing Urologic Surgery

Summary of VTE prophylaxis recommendations Level of risk Prophylactic treatmentLow Risk ● No prophylaxis other than early ambulationModerate Risk ● Heparin 5000 units every 12 hours subcutaneous starting after surgery ● OR *Enoxaparin 40 mg. (Cr Cl 30 ml/min. 30 mg.) subcutaneous daily ● OR Pneumatic compression device if risk of bleeding is highHigh Risk ● Heparin 5000 units every 8 hours subcutaneous starting after surgery ● OR *Enoxaparin 40 mg. (Cr Cl 30 ml/min. 30 mg.) subcutaneous daily ● OR Pneumatic compression device if risk of bleeding is highVery High Risk ● *Enoxaparin 40 mg. (Cr Cl 30 ml/min. 30 mg.) subcutaneous daily and adjuvant pneumatic compression device, or ● Heparin 5000 units every 8 hours subcutaneous starting after surgery and adjuvant pneumatic compression device* Guidelines and Cautions for Enoxaparin Use ● In patients with a body weight 150 Kg. consider increasing prophylaxis dose of Enoxaparin to 40 mg. subcutaneous every 12 hours. ● Withhold Enoxaparin generally for at least 2 to 3 days after major trauma, and then only consider use after review of current patient condition and risk beneﬁt ratio.
The Martian Atmosphere During the Viking Mission, I Infrared Measurements of Atmospheric Temperatures Revisited

Abstract The Viking Infrared Thermal Mapper 15-μm channel brightness temperature observations (IRTM T 15 ) provide extensive spatial and temporal coverage of martian atmospheric temperatures on diurnal to seasonal time scales. The 15-μm channel was designed so that these temperatures would be representative of a deep layer of atmosphere centered at 0.5 mb (∼25 km). Our re-examination of the IRTM data indicates that the 15-μm channel was additionally sensitive to surface radiance so that air temperature determinations (nominal T 15 ) are significantly biased when the thermal contrast between the surface and atmosphere is large. This bias is suggested by the strong correlation between the diurnal variation of tropical T 15 and surface temperatures for non-dust-storm conditions. We show that numerical modeling of the thermal tides provides a basis for distinguishing between the surface and atmospheric contributions to IRTM T 15 and thus allows the atmospheric component to be estimated. The resulting bias amounts to a ∼15-K offset for midday atmospheric temperatures at subsolar latitudes during relatively clear periods and is negligible at night. The proposed temperature correction results in close agreement between the stimulated and observed patterns of diurnal variation for conditions ranging from clear to dusty. A major consequence of this work is the improved definition of the diurnal, latitudinal, and seasonal variation of martian atmosphere temperatures during the Viking mission. An accounting for the surface temperature bias resolves much of the discrepancy between IRTM and corresponding microwave observations, indicating that there is relatively little interannual variability in global temperatures during the aphelion season ( L s ∼ 40°–100°). We find further support for this argument in a comparison with T 15 temperatures synthesized from Mariner 9 Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer spectra. The significantly reduced diurnal temperature variations in this season are consistent with the relatively clear atmosphere that is implied by the cooler temperatures. Cooler temperatures and reduced diurnal variation will likely be of significance for the modeling of water ice cloud dynamics in this season.
Comparison of Regional Brain Perfusion Levels in Chronically Smoking and Non-Smoking Adults

Chronic cigarette smoking is associated with numerous abnormalities in brain neurobiology, but few studies specifically investigated the chronic effects of smoking (compared to the acute effects of smoking, nicotine administration, or nicotine withdrawal) on cerebral perfusion (i.e., blood flow). Predominately middle-aged male (47 ± 11 years of age) smokers (n = 34) and non-smokers (n = 27) were compared on regional cortical perfusion measured by continuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance studies at 4 Tesla. Smokers showed significantly lower perfusion than non-smokers in the bilateral medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortices, bilateral inferior parietal lobules, bilateral superior temporal gyri, left posterior cingulate, right isthmus of cingulate, and right supramarginal gyrus. Greater lifetime duration of smoking (adjusted for age) was related to lower perfusion in multiple brain regions. The results indicated smokers showed significant perfusion deficits in anterior cortical regions implicated in the development, progression, and maintenance of all addictive disorders. Smokers concurrently demonstrated reduced blood flow in posterior brain regions that show morphological and metabolic aberrations as well as elevated beta amyloid deposition demonstrated by those with early stage Alzheimer disease. The findings provide additional novel evidence of the adverse effects of cigarette smoking on the human brain.
Exploring the space of human body shapes: data-driven synthesis under anthropometric control

In this paper, we demonstrate a system for synthesizing high-resolution, realistic 3D human body shapes according to user-specified anthropometric parameters. We begin with a corpus of whole-body 3D laser range scans of 250 different people. For each scan, we warp a common template mesh to fit each scanned shape, thereby creating a one-to-one vertex correspondence between each of the example body shapes. Once we have a common surface representation for each example, we then use principal component analysis to reduce the data storage requirements. The final step is to relate the variation of body shape with concrete parameters, such as body circumferences, point-to-point measurements, etc. These parameters can then be used as "sliders" to synthesize new individuals with the required attributes, or to edit the attributes of scanned individuals.
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 for biomedical discoveries

The Clustered Regions of Interspersed Palindromic Repeats-Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9), a viral defense system found in bacteria and archaea, has emerged as a tour de force genome editing tool. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is much easier to customize and optimize because the site selection for DNA cleavage is guided by a short sequence of RNA rather than an engineered protein as in the systems of zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator–like effector nucleases (TALEN), and meganucleases. Although it still suffers from some off-target effects, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been broadly and successfully applied for biomedical discoveries in a number of areas. In this review, we present a brief history and development of the CRISPR system and focus on the application of this genome editing technology for biomedical discoveries. We then present concise concluding remarks and future directions for this fast moving field.
Profound associations between pain and quality of life

Since researchers began scrutinizing the phenomenology of pain about 40 years ago, it has become increasingly evident that pain is not experienced, and cannot be studied, in isolation. It is not just a symptom. Pain changes how people behave, think, and interact with others. A key advance was differentiating the different aspects of the experience of pain: injury, nociception, affective experience, and pain behaviour.1 Novel theoretical approaches, which grew out of models of health psychology, encouraged a nuanced, holistic conception of pain, and an understanding of how pain related to the individual’s activities, relationships, and quality of life.
Hobbes: composition and virtualization as the foundations of an extreme-scale OS/R

This paper describes our vision for Hobbes, an operating system and runtime (OS/R) framework for extreme-scale systems. The Hobbes design explicitly supports application composition, which is emerging as a key approach for applications to address scalability and power concerns anticipated with coming extreme-scale architectures. We make use of virtualization technologies to provide the flexibility to support requirements of application components for different node-level operating systems and runtimes, as well as different mappings of the components onto the hardware. We describe the architecture of the Hobbes OS/R, how we will address the cross-cutting concerns of power/energy, scheduling of massive levels of parallelism, and resilience. We also outline how the "users" of the OS/R (programming models, applications, and tools) influence the design.
Fibroblasts, focal triggers, and persistent atrial fibrillation: is there a connection?

Ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) remains challenging, particularly as the duration of continuous AF before the procedure increases. Attainment of durable pulmonary vein (PV) isolation remains a fundamental goal in this population; continuous retriggering from focal peri-PV sources (both automaticity and localized reentry) as a potential mechanism for maintaining persistent AF was documented more than a decade ago.1 An area of continuing debate centers on the extent of additional atrial ablation outside the PV antra required for long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm. Two studies published in this issue of Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology highlight important clinical aspects of this debate. Articles see p 287, 295, and 442 Inoue and colleagues2 report long-term follow-up of catheter ablation in 263 patients with persistent AF (mean duration of continuous AF, 11 months; >1 year in 50%). To identify triggers that may perpetuate AF, cardioversion was performed at procedure onset, followed by short-duration isoproterenol infusion if needed, to provoke immediate recurrence of AF. The immediate recurrence of AF occurred in 70 (27%) of 263 patients, one third arising from non-PV foci. These triggers were then targeted for ablation (successful in all peri-PV foci, but in only 6 of 23 patients with non-PV triggers). All patients subsequently underwent PV isolation, and 72% had additional non-PV left atrial ablation. At the last follow-up of 17 months (38% of patients receiving antiarrhythmic drugs [AADs], multiple procedures in ≈30%), 90% of patients were in sinus rhythm, although 16% continued to have paroxysmal episodes. Immediate recurrence of AF was associated with a greater risk of recurrent persistent AF during follow-up, predominantly a result of inability to localize and eliminate non-PV focal triggers. In a randomized trial of ablation for persistent AF, Dixit and coworkers3 evaluate 3 strategies for ablation of persistent AF: (1) …
Is Salinity Variability a Benthic Disturbance in Estuaries

Freshwater inflow is a driver of the functioning of estuaries, and average salinity is usually measured to identify the effects of inflow in salinity-zone habitats. However, salinity variability could act as a disturbance by producing unstable habitats, leading to the question: is salinity variance an indicator of benthic disturbance, and therefore a driver of community stability? The macrofauna communities of five estuaries that lie in a climatic gradient on the Texas coastline were analyzed using a 26-year data set. Comparisons within and between estuaries with different inflow regimes were used as a natural experiment to simulate press disturbance events (i.e., climatic inflow) and pulse disturbance (i.e., floods) in maintaining community stability. Salinity average and variance was compared with benthic community diversity, evenness, and species richness. Salinity variance was more correlated to benthic diversity for each estuarine system (r = −0.6610; p = 0.0015) than average salinity (r = 0.3818; p = 0.0967). As salinity variance decreased (i.e., stability increased), diversity levels of benthic communities increased, and areas with mgore freshwater inflow displayed lower levels of benthic diversity. These findings advance a component of the general theory of diversity maintenance that persistent stressors, such as salinity variability, can influence diversity.
Partition and Ethnic Nationalism in Cyprus and Northern Ireland

Debates over ethnic nationalism and the proper means of resolving ethnic conflict frame my paper, which examines the dynamics of conflict in both Cyprus and Northern Ireland. To make my argument as cogent as possible, the paper will be divided into four sections. The first will consider the various perspectives that exist on ethnic nationalism and partition, highlighting the strongest arguments and recognizing the gaps in this literature. Second, I will provide brief histories of the conflicts in both Cyprus and Northern Ireland, which will provide a necessary framework within which my larger research questions can be answered. Third, I will assess the successes and/or failures of the 1974 de facto partition of Cyprus and the 1921 partition of Northern Ireland. And, finally, I will provide a series of my own recommendations that might precipitate a viable solution in Cyprus and increase the stability in Northern Ireland. Ultimately, I argue against partition as a panacea for ethnic conflict, and advocate an approach that combines Paris’s strategic liberalization with Edward Said’s call for the “denationalization of education.”
Invasive Assessment of the Coronary Microcirculation

Despite successful restoration of epicardial coronary artery flow after treating ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), a range of microvascular damage occurs, which correlates with both short- and long term outcomes. A number of
Biodistribution and kinetics of 18F FPPRGD2 in cancer patients

11 Objectives αvβ3 integrins play a key role in angiogenesis. 18F FPPRGD2 is a novel PET tracer based on a dimeric RGD peptide targeting the αvβ3 integrins. We now present data on its biodistribution and kinetics in cancer patients. Methods 20 patients were recruited: 8 GBM (4 women, 4 men), 25-64 year-old (average: 47.9±10.8); 4 NSCLC (2 women, 2 men), 55-76 year-old (average: 62.3±9.4); and 8 breast cancer, 44-67 year-old (average: 54.3±8.84). One dynamic 18F FPPRGD2 PET and two static 18F FPPRGD2 PET/CT were obtained up to 120 min post-injection. SUVmax values in the lesions and in normal background areas were measured at 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min and 120 min after administration. Results 18F FPPRGD2 had stable distribution in all patients, similar to the healthy volunteers data, with primary clearance through the kidneys, as well as hepatobiliary. The highest 18F FPPRGD2 uptake in GBM lesions (n=5) was recorded 45 min post-injection, with SUVmax of 2.5 - 6.24 (average: 3.99±1.48). 18F FPPRGD2 uptake was highest at 30 min in primary NSCLC lesions and metastases, with SUVmax of 4.24 - 15.51 (average 10±5.64) and 4.22 - 13.9 (average 8.33±5), respectively. For the primary breast cancer lesions (n=6), 18F FPPRGD2 uptake was highest at 45 min, with SUVmax of 2.0 - 6.8 (average: 4.78±2). For breast cancer metastases (n=18), SUVmax of 1.9 - 5.5 (average: 3.09±1.1) also peaked at 45 min. Background SUVmax was 0 - 1.02 (average 0.53±0.12) for cerebellum, 0.63 - 1.67 (average 1.29±0.29) for aortic arch, and 2.29 - 4.11 (average 3.09±0.7) for liver. Conclusions 18F FPPRGD2 has stable biodistribution and kinetics for imaging αvβ3 integrins expression. Evaluation of 18F FPPRGD2 in patients with recurrent GBM, NSCLC and breast cancer demonstrates high uptake in the primary and metastatic lesions. Given the low uptake in normal background tissues, this may allow for patient selection prior to anti-angiogenesis treatments and for early assessment of response to such therapies.
Ventricular arrhythmias and serum potassium: is there a correlation in the arrhythmic patient?

Twenty-four hour electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings of 50 normokalemic patients with documented repetitive ventricular arrhythmias were reviewed retrospectively for the incidence and frequency of premature ventricular contractions, ventricular couplets, and runs of ventricular tachycardia. Serum potassium levels obtained in close temporal proximity to these recordings were examined. Only single premature ventricular beats correlated with low-normal serum potassium, and there was no association between repetitive ventricular ectopy and serum potassium level. Though serum potassium variations in the normokalemic range were not related to arrhythmia frequency, prospective studies of larger groups of patients are indicated.
Mechanism of action and clinical use of nitroglycerin.

How nitroglycerin relieves angina pectoris is only now becoming clear. It increases blood flow to and reduces the oxygen needs of ischemic myocardium, relieving pain promptly in most cases. Sudden withdrawal of the drug may precipitate significant symptoms from coronary vasoconstriction.
Antigenic similarities between respiratory and reproductive tract mucins: heterogeneity of mucin expression by human endocervix and endometrium *

Objectives To determine whether common epitopes are shared by respiratory and reproductive tract mucins and to compare the expression of cross-reactive mucin subtypes in human endocervix and endometrium. Design An immunohistochemical study of mucin expression using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antimucin antibodies and timed endocervical and endometrial biopsies. Setting University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, a tertiary care referral center. Patients Twenty-eight women who underwent laparoscopy, laparotomy, or hysterectomy. Main Outcome Measures The expression of human tracheal mucin subspecies (types I to V) in endocervix (n=3) and endometria (n=25). Results Of the five mucin subspecies, type I mucin was localized to the squamous epithelium of endocervix and both glands and stroma of endometrium. Both tissues failed to react with type II mucin. Type III mucin was localized to differentiated cells of the squamous epithelium of endocervix and the glandular endometrium. Type IV mucin was specific to endometrium and was localized both in endometrial glands and stroma with no reactivity with endocervix. Type V mucin was expressed in both cervical and endometrial stroma and glands. Conclusions Human respiratory and reproductive tract mucins share common peptide and carbohydrate epitopes. Human endocervix and endometria express a unique pattern of mucin antigens. Because of their restricted specificity, these monoclonal antibodies could provide new tools to investigate normal and aberrant expression of reproductive tract mucin subtypes in tissues and secretions.
Hemorrhagic infarction and coronary reperfusion

Coronary ligation experiments were performed on 23 primates. Some of the experiments were followed by reperfusion after periods of occlusion of from 1 to 6 hours. Hemorrhage into the infarct was noted in all animals and was greatest following reperfusion after 4 hours of occlusion or longer. Hemorrhage increases the measured infarct size to the point that it is actually larger than that seen with ligation alone. However, this increase is accounted for by the larger amount of intramyocardial hemorrhage. Hemorrhage is greatest in the center of the infarct and decreases at the margins. It appears that hemorrhage occurs into necrotic muscle and does not occur significantly at the margins of the infarct where damage to otherwise viable myocardium might result.
Tracking and Racialization in Schools: The Experiences of Second-generation West Indians in New York City

The tracking literature examines how academic hierarchies contribute to race and class differences in academic achievement, but it pays scant attention to how school structures also influence stude...
Borna disease virus.

Borna disease virus (BDV) is unique amongst animal RNA viruses in its molecular biology and capacity to cause persistent, noncytolytic CNS-infection in a wide variety of host species. Unlike other non-segmented negative-strand RNA animal viruses, BDV replicates in the nucleus of the host cell where splicing is employed for expression of a very compact genome. Epidemiological studies indicate a broad host range and geographical distribution, and some investigators have proposed that human infection may result in neuropsychiatric disorders. Experimental Borna disease in neonatal and adult rats provides an intriguing model for immune-mediated disturbances of brain development and function.
Patterns of Postprostatectomy Adjuvant Radiotherapy Techniques for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer in a Large National Cohort

Abstract Purpose To analyze the contemporary patterns of care regarding adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) techniques for patients with pT3/4 disease or positive margins after prostatectomy. Patients and Methods Men who were diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer and underwent prostatectomy between 2004 and 2012 were abstracted from the National Cancer Data Base. Only those with pT3-4Nx-0M0 or pT2cNx-0M0 with positive margins were included. We identified patients receiving RT to the pelvis to a dose between 5940 and 7560 cGy. Delivery of hormone therapy was also identified. Descriptive statistics were used to determine adjuvant RT use as well as patterns of care regarding RT dose and hormone use; data were compared by Pearson's chi-square test. Results A total of 133,874 men were included in this study, of whom 12,073 (9.0%) received adjuvant RT. Of those receiving adjuvant RT, 4011 (33.2%) also received hormone therapy. There was a trend toward more frequent use of higher RT doses over time. RT doses of ≥ 7000 cGy were provided 21.4% of the time in 2004-2006 and increased over time to 38.9% by 2010-2012 (P Conclusion Most men (91.0%) with pT3/T4 or pT2 disease with positive margins do not receive adjuvant RT. Use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy and RT dose escalation increased over time and are now used routinely. Hormone therapy is used in about one third of patients who are receiving RT, and its use has remained relatively stable over time.
Distribution of cell types differs in Papanicolaou tests of squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas

Introduction Successful cervical cancer screening has led to decreasing numbers of malignant Papanicolaou tests in most laboratories. A previous study demonstrated a greater trend to unsatisfactory Papanicolaou tests in women with squamous carcinoma when compared with adenocarcinoma cases. However, adenocarcinomas were less frequently recognized as malignant. Materials and methods In an effort to elucidate differences in Papanicolaou tests from these tumor types, the relative distribution of cells was blindly and semi-quantitatively assessed in ThinPrep Papanicolaou slides from 332 women with biopsy-proven squamous carcinoma (237 cases), adenocarcinoma (45), and noninvasive lesions (50). Results Significant differences ( P P P > 0.004) were more prominent in squamous carcinomas. The number of endocervical cells ( P Conclusions This systematic evaluation reinforces earlier suggestions that the presence of blood and tumor diathesis allow easier recognition of squamous carcinoma. A more detailed analysis of adenocarcinoma's cellular characteristics in Papanicolaou tests is needed to understand the reasons for undercalls in this tumor type.
Screen printed metal matrix composite contacts for crack tolerant solar cells

Solar cells used in space missions are the primary source for power on board the space vehicle. Space solar cells are becoming thinner for improved performance (W/kg) and are based on single crystalline materials where fracturing or cleaving can easily occur from packaging, deployment and constant temperature cycling in outer space. When the fracture in the semiconductor extends through the solar cell metallization, loss of power will occur and can hinder a mission. A novel semiconductor metallization is being developed that may enable the solar cells to be fully crack tolerant. The material consists of carbon nanotubes impregnated silver metallization, termed metal matrix composite, deposited by screen printing. The carbon nanotubes increase the fracture toughness of the metallization and also offers a redundant electrical path should the metal matrix fracture. In addition to these benefits, the use of screen printing will facilitate lower costs and ease of manufacturability by eliminating the expensive photolithography and evaporation steps used for conventional metallization. The inks that are being developed show promise of electrically bridging cracks and are further being tuned for screen printing processes.
Communication Patterns in the Perioperative Environment During Epic Electronic Health Record System Implementation

In April 2016, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) went live with the Epic electronic health records (EHR) system, replacing a variety of EHRs that previously existed in different departments throughout the hospital. At the time of implementation, the Vocera® Badge Communication System, a wireless hands-free communication device distributed to perioperative team members, had increased perioperative communication flow and efficiency. As a quality improvement effort to better understand communication patterns during an EHR go-live, we monitored our Vocera call volume and user volume before, during and after our go-live. We noticed that call volume and user volume significantly increased during our immediate go-live period and quickly returned to baseline levels. We also noticed that call volume increased during periods of unplanned EHR downtime long after our immediate go-live period. When planning the implementation of a new EHR, leadership must plan for and support this critical communication need at the time of the go-live and must also be aware of these needs during unplanned downtime.
Comparative Study of Prepectoral and Subpectoral Expander-Based Breast Reconstruction and Clavien IIIb Score Outcomes

Prepectoral breast reconstruction is increasingly popular. This study compares complications between 2 subpectoral and 1 prepectoral breast reconstruction technique. Methods Between 2008 and 2015, 294 two-staged expander breast reconstructions in 213 patients were performed with 1 of 3 surgical techniques: (1) Prepectoral, (2) subpectoral with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) sling ("Classic"), or (3) subpectoral/subserratus expander placement without ADM ("No ADM"). Demographics, comorbidities, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy were assessed for correlation with Clavien IIIb score outcomes. Follow-up was a minimum of 6 months. Results Surgical cohorts (n = 165 Prepectoral; n = 77 Classic; n = 52 No ADM) had comparable demographics except Classic had more cardiac disease (P = 0.03), No ADM had higher body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.01), and the Prepectoral group had more nipple-sparing mastectomies (P Conclusions Prepectoral and subpectoral Classic and No ADM breast reconstructions demonstrated comparable grade IIIb Clavien score complications. BMI > 40, stage 4 cancer, and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy were associated with adverse expander outcomes and a prior history of radiation therapy adversely impacted implant outcomes. Ninety-day follow-up for expander and implant complications may be a better National Surgical Quality Improvement Program measure.
Abstract 123: Cardiac Beta-arrestin2 Promotes Contractility by Enhancing SERCA2a SUMOylation and Activity

Heart failure (HF) is the number one killer disease in the western world and new and innovative treatments are needed. Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)-2a is a crucial, for contract...
Novel Seimatosporium Species from Grapevine in Northern California and Their Interactions with Fungal Pathogens Involved in the Trunk-Disease Complex.

Seimatosporium spp. and closely related “pestalotioid fungi” have been isolated from vineyards worldwide, but their ecological status in grapevine wood is unclear. To determine their involvement in...
Propionibacterium Acnes Persists Despite Various Skin Preparation Techniques

Purpose To investigate the efficacy of various skin preparations at eradicating Propionibacterium acnes in the dermal layer of the skin. Methods Twelve healthy volunteers consented to participate in this study. Each subject's upper back was prepped using 4 different techniques: an isopropyl alcohol control, chlorhexidine gluconate paint, chlorhexidine gluconate plus a mechanical scrub, and a high-concentration chlorhexidine gluconate plus a mechanical scrub. A 3-mm dermal punch biopsy specimen was obtained at each preparation site. The 4 punch biopsy specimens were cultured for 14 days to assess for P. acnes growth. A Fisher's exact test was used to compare the proportion of positive cultures in each group and across biopsy sites. A Skillings-Mack test was used to compare the degree of culture positivity between the treatment arms. Results There were no reported complications in any of our subjects. P. acnes grew in 7 of the 12 control sites, 5 of the 12 chlorhexidine gluconate sites, 6 of the 12 chlorhexidine plus mechanical scrub sites, and 6 of the 12 high-concentration chlorhexidine gluconate plus mechanical scrub sites. There were no statistically significant differences between any of the treatment arms ( P = .820). Conclusions P. acnes persisted despite a variety of clinically relevant skin antisepsis preparations and techniques. Level of Evidence Level II, prospective comparative study.
The Ontogenesis of Hemoglobins in Macaca nemestrina

Macaca nemestrina have two fetal hemoglobins which differ in the structures of their γ chains. Thus animals of this species, like man, appear to possess duplicate γ-chain loci. In this study, the ontogenesis of hemoglobins in M. nemestrina was followed in animals ranging in age from the 60th day of gestation to adulthood. Fetuses in the 60th day of gestation had the two fetal hemoglobins and a small amount of presumed embryonic hemoglobin. Fetuses between 60 and 132 days’ gestation had only the two fetal hemoglobins. Adult hemoglobin appeared in the last month of gestation. The subsequent transition from γ- to β-chain formation was nearly completed by the end of the second postnatal month. The two fetal hemoglobins were present in 2:1 proportions throughout fetal development and the period spanning the shift from γ- to β-chain formation. The pattern of hemoglobin development in these macaques differs from that in man in the following ways: (1) The relative activities of the two γ-chain loci do not change. (2) α-Chain synthesis is adequate throughout gestation (no γ-chain tetramers were found). (3) The transition from γ- to β-chain synthesis is more abrupt.
Abiotic reduction of insensitive munition compounds by sulfate green rust

Environmental context There is a growing need to understand how insensitive munitions compounds behave in natural environments, particularly in soils, where non-combusted residues accumulate. Here, we tested the ability of sulfate green rust, a naturally occurring mineral, to transform munitions compounds by reacting with the mineral surface. Our results show that both the munitions compounds and the mineral structures are transformed in an oxidation–reduction reaction that alters the compounds’ environmental fates. Abstract Abiotic transformation of contaminants by redox-active mineral surfaces plays an important role in the fate and behaviour of pollutants in soils and sediments. However, there is very little information on such transformations for the insensitive munitions compounds (IMCs), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), developed in recent years to replace the traditional munition compounds in explosive mixtures. We tested the ability of sulfate green rust to transform NTO and DNAN (0.5 mM) under anoxic conditions at pH 8.4 in laboratory experiments, by using green rust supplied at 10 g kg−1 (w/w) solid concentration. Results indicate that NTO and DNAN underwent rapid abiotic reduction to their organic amine daughter products. NTO was completely transformed to 5-amino-1,2 4-triazol-3-one (ATO) within 20 min of reaction. This is the first report of NTO reduction by a naturally occurring mineral. Similarly, DNAN was rapidly transformed to 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline (MENA) and 4-methoxy-5-nitroaniline (iMENA). The reduction occurred with an intriguing staggered regioselectivity. Over the first 10 min, the para-nitro group of DNAN was selectively reduced to generate iMENA. Thereafter, the ortho-nitro group was preferentially reduced, generating MENA. Both iMENA and MENA were subsequently transformed to the final reduction product 2,4-diaminoanisol (DAAN) within 1 day. Iron Kα X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) studies of reacted solids indicated oxidative transformation of the green rust to lepidocrocite-like mineral forms. These results indicate that the IMCs can be rapidly transformed in soil, sediment or aquatic environments containing green rust.
Chronic sleep restriction affects the association between implicit bias and explicit social decision making.

Abstract Objectives Previous work suggests that sleep restriction (SR) reduces cognitive control and may increase negative implicit biases. Here we investigated whether SR might influence decision making on a social-evaluative task where individuals had to make judgments of threat based on facial photographs. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of changes in negative implicit biases as a result of sleep restriction on this decision-making task. Design Fourteen healthy adults underwent two 3-week counterbalanced in-laboratory stays (chronic SR and control sleep [CS] conditions). Participants completed the Arab Muslim Names implicit association test (a measure of implicit bias/attitudes toward Arab Muslims) and the Karolinska Airport Task (a measure of explicit decision making). The Karolinska Airport Task requires participants to judge the potential dangerousness of individuals based on facial photographs. Results After SR, participants were more likely to deem individuals with less positive and more negative facial features as dangerous than after CS. In addition, after SR, those participants showing higher negative implicit bias toward Arab Muslims tended to consider as more dangerous individuals with more quintessentially untrustworthy facial features (r = 0.76, P = .007), whereas this relationship was nonsignificant after CS (r = 0.33, P = .28). Conclusions These findings show not only that SR may increase implicit biases against a particular minority group but that SR also modifies how individuals make explicit decisions about another's trustworthiness based on facial features. These findings may have important implications for many occupations where workers who are routinely restricted of sleep are also responsible for making judgments about other people's trustworthiness (eg, police, security, military personnel).
From Coreflooding and Scaled Physical Model Experiments to Field-Scale Enhanced Oil Recovery Evaluations: Comprehensive Review of the Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage Process

The gas-assisted gravity drainage (GAGD) process has been suggested to improve oil recovery in both secondary and tertiary stages through immiscible and miscible injection modes. In contrast to con...
Diving into the Wreck : can people resist allegorical meaning?

Allegory refers to one type of narrative that can be interpreted to reveal an additional layer of pragmatic, metaphorical meaning beyond what appears on the surface. For example, the poem, "Diving ...
The Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Synthesis of Thermoplastic Elastomers Containing Polyalloocimene, Polyisobutylene and Tapered Blocks

This work investigates the effect of reaction conditions on the copolymerization of isobutylene (IB) with alloocimene (Allo) in methyl chloride (MeCl) using AlCl3 and ethylaluminum dichloride (EtAlCl2) as coinitiators and adventitious moisture as the initiator. Both AlCl3 and EtAlCl2 produced high molecular weight (Mn > 1.0 × 105 g/mol) thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) with good mechanical properties in short reaction time (< 10 min). These unique TPEs have unsaturations in the end blocks, leading to easy functionalization and/or crosslinking.
Abstract 4921: TGF-beta signaling proteins and CYP24A1 may serve as surrogate markers for progesterone calcitriol treatment in ovarian and endometrial cancers of different histological types

Strategies are needed to coordinately block drivers and induce suppressors of cancer to reduce incidence and improve outcomes for individuals with inherited or acquired risk. We previously reported the chemopreventive and therapeutic efficacy of the combination of progestin and calcitriol in transformed and malignant endometrioid endometrial cancer and in ovarian cancer models involving attenuated expression of TGF-β signaling proteins and progestin-mediated inhibition of calcitriol-induced CYP24A1 expression. This study aims to expand the applications for this combination to other subtypes of endometrial and ovarian cancers including those with mutations in ARID1A or PIK3CA, DNA mismatch repair deficiency or BRCA1-null status. The end points for this in vitro investigation included assessments of cell growth and the expression of TGF-β ligands, receptors, SMAD proteins and CYP24A1. Treatment of ovarian clear cell carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, papillary serous adenocarcinoma, BRCA1 null, and DNA mismatch repair deficient endometrial cancer cell lines with progesterone alone or in combination with calcitriol inhibited cell growth and expression of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-Rβ1, TGF-βR2, pSMAD2/3 and CYP24A1. Expression of TGF-βR3, SMAD-4, PR and VDR was not altered in any cell line tested except, ES-2, where VDR expression was upregulated in response to treatment. These results suggest that progesterone alone and progesterone-calcitriol combination have broad application in both chemopreventive and therapeutic settings that merit further development in a wide variety of ovarian and endometrial cancers, including those derived from germline or somatic mechanisms. Moreover, our data suggest that TGF-β signaling proteins and CYP24A1 may be effective surrogate markers indicative of treatment response. Citation Format: Ana Paucarmayta, Hannah Taitz, Yovanni Casablanca, Gustavo C. Rodriguez, G L. Maxwell, Kathleen M. Darcy, Viqar Syed. TGF-beta signaling proteins and CYP24A1 may serve as surrogate markers for progesterone calcitriol treatment in ovarian and endometrial cancers of different histological types [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4921.
Reclaiming Education as a Public Good: Place-Based Teacher Education.

The field of teacher education is abuzz with a quest for innovation, with public and private stakeholders seeking ways to improve teacher efficacy, support equity, and address the countless challen...
Collaboration and Writing in the Mathematics Classroom.

For twenty-five years I have taught mathematics using a great deal of lec ture, much dialogue between students and myself, a limited amount of small-group work, and very little writing. As a mathe matics teacher at both the high school and community college levels, I believed that clear presentations were my primary re sponsibility. It was difficult enough to find sufficient time to cover all prescribed con tent without taking more time for writing and group work. Participation in a critical-literacy pro gram designed for faculty persuaded me that collaboration and writing offered essential opportunities for students to learn and that the mathematics classroom was no excep tion. (Since 1986, a two-semester program in critical literacy in the classroom and across the curriculum has been offered for inter ested faculty at Oakton Community Col lege.) This article describes classroom strat egies chosen to elicit greater involvement by students in the learning process and to fur nish opportunities for practice in critical thinking. All techniques were used in teach ing sections of intermediate algebra at the community college level, and all experiences described occurred in these sections. These techniques, however, are easily adaptable to other mathematics courses and levels, and many have been used in classes of elemen tary algebra and college algebra, as well.
S20.4 Criminalisation of HIV transmission in the era of U=U

Globally, HIV criminalisation continues to exacerbate and perpetuate HIV stigma and discrimination. Over 70 countries have laws that specifically criminalise HIV non-disclosure, exposure or transmission, and 39 countries have used existing criminal laws to prosecute people living with HIV. Society and criminal justice systems have failed to keep up with scientific advances of recent years and, in particular, our understanding of the powerful impact anti-retroviral therapy has on reducing HIV transmission risk. We now know that individuals on effective HIV therapy with an undetectable viral load do not transmit the virus to their sexual partners. This knowledge has not, as yet, translated into any significant change to the application of criminal law. The era of U=U (Undetectable = Untransmittable) should support our ability to use scientific evidence to end the criminalisation of HIV and the disproportionate impact this has on marginalised communities and those less able, for whatever reason, to achieve and maintain an undetectable viral load. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Acknowledging Student Behavior: A Review of Methods Promoting Positive and Constructive Feedback.

Positive and constructive feedback is a form of positive reinforcement essential to effective instruction and classroom management. This article provides practitioners with a range of realistic pos...
The relationship between mindfulness, PTSD-related sleep disturbance, and sleep quality: Contributions beyond emotion regulation difficulties.

Objective Emotion regulation difficulties have been associated with traumatic event exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, and associated sleep disturbances. Dispositional mindfulness, the tendency to experience the present moment, on purpose with acceptance and nonjudgment, can be conceptualized as adaptive emotion regulation. While dispositional mindfulness has been associated with adaptive posttrauma outcomes, it has not been examined in relation to trauma sequelae, such as sleep disturbance. The current study aimed to expand upon previous research to further explore the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and trauma sequelae. Method Participants (N = 217) were recruited using Amazon's Mechanical Turk to complete online surveys assessing PTSD symptom severity (PTSS), sleep disturbance, emotion regulation difficulties, and mindfulness. Results After controlling for PTSS, the results suggest that dispositional mindfulness is associated with lower frequency of PTSD-related sleep disturbance and better sleep quality (daily disturbances). Additionally, the results suggest that specific dispositional mindfulness domains remain significant when emotion regulation difficulties domains were included in the model. Conclusions Future research should further examine this relationship to inform mindfulness-based interventions for PTSD and sleep disturbance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).