cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cumulative social risk and type 2 diabetes in US adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006.

Background: The cumulative effects of adverse social factors on the diabetes risk remains to be clarified. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2006. Methods: We included 10,276 adults aged ≥20 years. Diabetes mellitus was defined by physician diagnosis or fasting plasma glucose (≥126 mg/dl) or glycated hemoglobin (≥6.5%). Social risk factors (low family income, low education level, minority racial/ethnic group status, and single-living status) and health-related behaviors (physical activity and dietary intake) were self-reported. Social risk factors were combined in a cumulative social risk index (range 0 to ≥3) and logistic regression used to assess the association of cumulative social risk and diabetes, taking into account complex survey design and sampling weights. Results: Of 10,276 participants, 1515 (weighted proportion – 10%) had diabetes, 3295 (32.3%) and 1830 (9.0%) were exposed to ≥1 adverse social risk factor and ≥3 social risk factors, respectively. Diabetes was associated with increasing cumulative social risk in a graded manner (p for trend <0.001). Compared with a cumulative social risk score of 0, the age- and sex-adjusted diabetes odds for a cumulative social risk score of ≥3 was 2.84 (95% confidence interval: 2.23–3.62), and 2.72 (95% confidence interval: 2.05–3.60) after further adjustment for family history of diabetes, body mass index, smoking, dietary intake and leisure time physical activity. Health behaviors and adiposity only partially influenced the cumulative social risk and diabetes relationship. Conclusions: Simultaneous exposure to several adverse social risk factors significantly influences the odds of diabetes. Better prevention and control of diabetes needs accounting for all aspects of social disadvantage.
A Possible Source for the Title of "The Small Rain"

Thomas Pynchon's short story "The Small Rain" appeared in The Cornell Writer in March 1959. To date, hypotheses as to the source of the title and its relation to the story have been unsatisfactory. This essay is concerned with an aspect of the story which Pynchon, writing in the introduction to Slow Learner: Early Stories, now feels detracts from the work: "Apparently I felt I had to put on a whole extra overlay of rain images…" Whatever the implications of this self-criticism, the allusion of the title and its ramifications for the story nevertheless require correct identification.
How Social Will Social Work Be

social layer." 1 It appears that this "lesson" has even greater significance for a profes sional group. Recognition of the value of the application of such a mode of analysis to social work has been given explicit acknowledgment in statements by Ernest Greenwood and others.2 This paper will utilize a similar analytic framework in ex amining certain of the trends in professional social work, with a particular emphasis on the meaning of these developments for the social ideology and action programs of the profession.
Embryology, Neonatal Circulation and Anatomy of PFO

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a normal fetal communication. The opening closes after birth in the majority of people, but may remain in up to 20 % of adults. The embryology of the PFO shapes the anatomy of the communication. This influences the shape of the communication after birth, and the best method of transcatheter closure.
Automated Literature Searches for Longitudinal Tracking of Cancer Research Training Program Graduates

A key outcome measure of cancer research training programs is the number of cancer-related peer-reviewed publications after training. Because program graduates do not routinely report their publications, staff must periodically conduct electronic literature searches on each graduate. The purpose of this study is to compare findings of an innovative computer-based automated search program versus repeated manual literature searches to identify post-training peer-reviewed publications. In late 2014, manual searches for publications by former R25 students identified 232 cancer-related articles published by 112 of 543 program graduates. In 2016, a research assistant was instructed in performing Scopus literature searches for comparison with individual PubMed searches on our 543 program graduates. Through 2014, Scopus found 304 cancer publications, 220 of that had been retrieved manually plus an additional 84 papers. However, Scopus missed 12 publications found manually. Together, both methods found 316 publications. The automated method found 96.2 % of the 316 publications while individual searches found only 73.4 %. An automated search method such as using the Scopus database is a key tool for conducting comprehensive literature searches, but it must be supplemented with periodic manual searches to find the initial publications of program graduates. A time-saving feature of Scopus is the periodic automatic alerts of new publications. Although a training period is needed and initial costs can be high, an automated search method is worthwhile due to its high sensitivity and efficiency in the long term.
Abstract A47: miR-30c: a TGF beta-regulated miRNA that coordinates vascular-directed fibrinolysis and tumor angiogenesis

Tumor-associated endothelial cells (TECs) are dysfunctional and leak fibrin which is resolved (fibrinolysis) and replaced with collagen in a process that closely resembles wound healing. Because degraded perivascular fibrin also promotes angiogenesis and creates scaffolds for invasive cancer cells, vascular-directed fibrinolysis in solid tumors is a fundamental spark during tumor progression. Using a miRNA screen of freshly isolated TECs, we identified a TGF beta-regulated miRNA that controls vascular-mediated fibrinolysis in tumors. miR-30c is increased in TECs relative to normal endothelial cells (NECs) whereas its target PAI-1 (a fibrinolysis inhibitor) is strikingly decreased. TECs secrete less PAI-1 and they rapidly degrade and migrate through fibrin scaffolds resulting in uncoordinated vessel sprouting. However, TGF beta and miR-30c antagomiRs reduce miR-30c expression which re-instates PAI-1 secretion, diminishes vascular-specific fibrinolysis, and “normalizes” TEC sprouting. miR-30c antagomiRs coupled to vascular-tropic nanoparticles reduce TEC migration in fibrin and enforce vascular expression of PAI-1 in vitro and in vivo. Thus, vascular-specific expression of miR-30c in tumors may be manipulated in vivo using this nanoparticle-based strategy. We also show that TGF beta promotes the export of miR-30c in extracellular vesicles (EVs) which are received by recipient stromal cells. TGF beta-mediated extravascular mobilization of miR-30c may down regulate PAI-1 expression in nearby stromal cells or cancer cells thereby programing fibrinolysis in these non-vascular recipients. Taken together, we propose an axis between TGF beta, miR-30c, and PAI-1 in TECs controls the rate of perivascular fibrinolysis and is therefore an important effector of tumor emergence. Citation Format: James V. McCann, Lin Xiao, Omar Khan, Piotr Kowalski, Salma Azam, Chad V. Pecot, Daniel G. Anderson, Andrew C. Dudley. miR-30c: a TGF beta-regulated miRNA that coordinates vascular-directed fibrinolysis and tumor angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr A47.
Improvements in Sexual Activity After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Sexual limitations in the setting of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are poorly understood. Methods Surveys were designed to assess preoperative and postoperative sexual function, and limitations were retrospectively administered to 91 sexually active TKA patients at an average of 2.1 years (range, 0.5-4.0) after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative responses were compared using 1-tailed and 2-proportion z tests, with P Results Before TKA, sexual quality and/or frequency was limited in 45% of patients because of their knee. Patients experienced an average 17.1 months (range, 0-60) of sexual limitations before surgery, resulting largely from pain (87%) and diminished range of motion or flexibility (44%). Fifty-five percent of patients reported the need to change their sexual positions to accommodate their knee, with 97% of these patients indicating the need to avoid kneeling during sex. Postoperatively, fewer patients had to adjust their sexual positions to accommodate their knee (55% vs 28%, P = .0005), and avoid bearing weight on the afflicted knee during sex (97% vs 79%, P = .0213). Patients resumed sexual activity after an average of 2.4 months (range, 0-18). Despite these general improvements, 25% of individuals had less sex in the first year after surgery. After 1 year of recovery, however, 60% indicated that they more easily engaged in sexual activity than in the previous year, with 84% of these patients experiencing less pain, and 30% experiencing greater mobility or range of motion. Conclusion TKA does not eliminate sexual limitations, but it significantly decreases kneeling dysfunction and gives patients more liberty in selecting their sexual positions.
Improved Cough and Cough-Specific Quality of Life in Patients Treated for Scleroderma-Related Interstitial Lung Disease: Results of Scleroderma Lung Study II.

Background Cough is a common symptom of scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), but its relationship to other characteristics of SSc-ILD, impact on cough-specific quality of life (QoL), and response to therapy for SSc-ILD have not been well studied. Methods We investigated frequent cough (FC) in patients with SSc-ILD (N = 142) enrolled in the Scleroderma Lung Study II, a randomized controlled trial comparing mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and oral cyclophosphamide (CYC) as treatments for interstitial lung disease (ILD). We determined the impact of FC on QoL (Leicester Cough Questionnaire [LCQ]), evaluated the change in FC in response to treatment for SSc-ILD, and examined the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and cough during the trial. Results Study participants who reported FC at baseline (61.3%) reported significantly more dyspnea, exhibited more extensive ILD on high-resolution CT, had a lower diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, and reported more GERD symptoms than did those without FC. Cough-specific QoL was modestly impaired in patients with FC (total LCQ score, 15.4 ± 3.7; normal range, 3-21 [higher scores indicate worse QoL]). The proportion of patients with FC at baseline declined by 44% and 41% over 2 years in the CYC and MMF treatment arms, respectively, and this decline was significantly related to changes in GERD and ILD severity. Conclusions FC occurs commonly in SSc-ILD, correlates with both the presence and severity of GERD and ILD at baseline, and declines in parallel with improvements in both ILD and GERD over a 2-year course of therapy. Frequent cough might serve as a useful surrogate marker of treatment response in SSc-ILD trials. Trial Registry ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00883129; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Tumor Cells Resistant to Alemtuzumab Complement Mediated Cytotoxicity in Patients with High Risk Previously Untreated Early Stage CLL: A Possible Mechanism of Treatment Failure.

The monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) alemtuzumab and rituximab have proven efficacy in the treatment of CLL. In addition, alemtuzumab is effective in patients with defective p53 function responding poorly to purine analogue therapy. The action of both MoAb is not completely understood. Proposed mechanisms include complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and direct induction of apoptosis of CLL B cells. We have done correlative studies on CLL B cells from patients enrolled in a trial of alemtuzumab and rituximab in “high risk” early stage previously untreated CLL to determine: 1. Role of apoptosis induction and CDC in each MoAb and 2. If the addition of rituximab to alemtuzumab increases their in vitro cytotoxicity. Patients and Methods: Patients with early stage, previously untreated, high risk CLL are treated with subcutaneous alemtuzumab (dose escalation over 3 days then 30 mg Mon-Wed-Fri for 4 weeks) and rituximab (375 mg/m2/dose weekly from day 8 x 4 doses). High risk disease was defined as one or more of the following features of the CLL B cell clone: (1) 17p13−; (2) 11q22−; (3) unmutated IgVH ( Results: Treatment caused rapid resolution of lymphocytosis in all 7 patients and 3 patients were negative for circulating CLL cells using a highly sensitive 3 color flow cytometry (CD5+/CD19+/CD79b-) after therapy. All patients had a clinical response (2 CR, 5 PR). Alemtuzumab and complement were rapidly cytotoxic to most CLL cells. Mean cell viability was 39% (sd: 8%) after 1 hour of incubation. Cytotoxicity was similar in all samples irrespective of FISH defects, IgVH mutation status, and in vitro resistance to F-ara-A (n = 3). Alemtuzumab was inactive in the absence of complement for all samples. Rituximab alone and together with complement did not induce cytotoxicity or apoptosis. However, the addition of rituximab to alemtuzumab and complement did increase CDC where the number of viable cells was significantly lower at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours incubation (p = 0.075, 0.047, 0.031, 0.027, respectively, for pairwise comparisons). CLL cells surviving alemtuzumab CDC subsequently had a lower level of apoptosis than control cells, implying a selection for resistant cells. Alemtuzumab CDC on this residual population was not increased at higher concentrations of alemtuzumab or complement. This mechanism of CDC resistance is currently under investigation. Conclusion: These data suggest that alemtuzumab CDC is an important mechanism of action in patients with CLL. However, alemtuzumab CDC kills only about 61% of CLL cells in vitro, and the surviving cells are more resistant to spontaneous apoptosis. This suggests that cells that survive alemtuzimab CDC contribute to disease progression or relapse. We intend to elucidate the mechanism of this resistance using our in vitro model with the hope that treatment strategies can be deployed to remove this residual CLL B cell clone.
Using Indentation and Intra-Vascular Ultrasound to Measure Arterial Response

Two alternatives to standard tensile testing of arteries are discussed. The first involves inflation of arteries and simultaneous measurement of radial displacement with intra-vascular ultrasound (IVUS). The second involves the measurement of load versus displacement during micro-indentation of the intimal surface. The IVUS technique is used to study the nonlinear stiffening of porcine coronaries during inflation and, ultimately, it may provide a method to determine mechanical properties in vivo. Processing of the IVUS data relies on accurate determination of the luminal/intimal and medial/advential boundaries during inflation. The microindentation technique is used to study the effect of loading rate on tissue stiffness, recovery, and internal dissipation. Ultimately, this technique may provide a method to measure local mechanical properties in the vicinity of an atherosclerotic plaque, for example. Accurate determination of the initial contact point between the indenter and intima is required, however. The techniques appear to successfully capture significant, nonlinear, time-dependent properties of arterial tissue.
A fatigue crack propagation model with resistance curve effects for an epoxy/copper interface

Abstract Fatigue crack propagation for copper/epoxy molding compound interfaces is modeled in this work by conducting cyclic loading on double cantilever beam test specimens. The continued increase in mechanical compliance of test specimens as the crack propagates through hundreds of cycles is used to determine the crack length and thus, the crack growth rate per cycle which is used to determine the Paris’ law constants as a function of strain energy release rate range. When monotonic debonding testing is conducted, it is seen that the critical strain energy release rate initially increases with the crack length and then stabilizes demonstrating the increasing resistance for the epoxy/copper interface. When such an increasing R-curve is used to normalize the strain energy release rate range, it is observed that the Paris’ law constants can be determined with good consistency for a wide range of specimens over different crack lengths.
Mental health and retention in HIV care: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective Mental health (MH) diagnoses, which are prevalent among persons living with HIV infection, might be linked to failed retention in HIV care. This review synthesized the quantitative evidence regarding associations between MH diagnoses or symptoms and retention in HIV care, as well as determined if MH service utilization (MHSU) is associated with improved retention in HIV care. Method A comprehensive search of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis database of electronic (e.g., MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO) and manual searches was conducted to identify relevant studies published during January 2002-August 2017. Effect estimates from individual studies were pooled by using random-effects meta-analysis, and a moderator analysis was conducted. Results Forty-five studies, involving approximately 57,334 participants in total, met the inclusion criteria: 39 examined MH diagnoses or symptoms, and 14 examined MHSU. Overall, a significant association existed between MH diagnoses or symptoms, and lower odds of being retained in HIV care (odds ratio, OR = 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.90, 0.99]). Health insurance status (β = 0.004; Z = 3.47; p = .001) significantly modified the association between MH diagnoses or symptoms and retention in HIV care. In addition, MHSU was associated with an increased odds of being retained in HIV care (OR = 1.84; 95% CI [1.45, 2.33]). Conclusions Results indicate that MH diagnoses or symptoms are a barrier to retention in HIV care and emphasize the importance of providing MH treatment to HIV patients in need. (PsycINFO Database Record
Introduction to Ocean Modeling

The fundamental physical laws used in numerical models of the ocean circulation are known: the foundation is the Navier-Stokes equations. However, every ocean model is only an approximation of the complete physics. Sometimes simplifications are deliberately introduced in order to isolate a subset of the physics believed to be essential to the phenomena under study, but in all cases computational feasibility demands approximation.
Critical Intercultural Conversations: Using Activity Systems Analysis as a Tool for Educational Ethnography.

This paper explores the tensions that exist between the recognition of the importance of ethnicity and culture for individual and group identities without essentilisation, by reframing conceptualis...
Left-Turn Spillback Probability Estimation in a Connected Vehicle Environment:

At intersections in which the left-turn bay does not have sufficient length or the left-turn volume is relatively high, left-turn vehicles may spill back and block the adjacent through traffic. Thi...
Consequential Life Cycle Analysis for Food-Water- Energy-Waste Nexus

Abstract Animal manure, as a type of unavoidable organic wet biomass waste, contains abundant nutrients, moisture and pathogen, therefore how to properly handle them has become an arising problem. Opposite to the severe challenge, dairy manure can be viewed as stably supplied feedstocks for biorefinery, which is invariant to seasonal and climate change and is of huge quantities. In this study, to thoroughly explore the potential to treat manure as biorefinery feedstocks, we select three promising thermo-chemical technologies, namely slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction and quantify their corresponding environmental impacts. We adopt a consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, and successfully capture the environmental impact both attributed to the target process and consequential to the affected processes and markets. Lastly, we compare the consequential environmental impact with the attributional environmental impact and find consequential LCA advantageous to capture environmental impact without overestimation.
A hindcast approach to diagnosing the equatorial Pacific cold tongue SST bias in CESM1

AbstractAn ensemble seasonal hindcast approach is used to investigate the development of the equatorial Pacific Ocean cold sea surface temperature (SST) bias and its characteristic annual cycle in ...
Mesenteric Panniculitis Presenting as Recurrent Small Bowel Obstruction in an Elderly Male

CASE REPORT An 82-year-old Caucasian male presented to the emergency department with a two-day history of left upper abdominal cramps, vomiting, obstipation and abdominal distension. The patient had a history of recurrent, self-limited episodes of small bowel obstruction over the course of last four years with similar symptoms during each admission. His past medical history was significant for hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. About four years ago, the patient had an exploratory laparotomy done for small bowel obstruction. There was a dense, fibrotic mass measuring approximately 7 cm by 5 cm fixed to the root of the small intestinal mesentery with matted adhesions of the small bowel. A diagnosis of sclerosing mesenterits was made. At that time, the mass could be not removed due to significant mesenteric involvement. Biopsy of the mass was taken and lysis of adhesions was performed. Histologically, the biopsy showed fibrofatty tissue densely infiltrated by chronic inflammation and fat necrosis (Figure 1, 2 and 3). After surgery the patient continued to have recurrent episodes of partial small bowel obstruction during the next four years, each episode being managed conservatively with resolution of symptoms. INTRODUCTION Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is a rare, benign condition that consists of chronic, fibrosing inflammation affecting the mesentery. While usually following an indolent course, the disease may potentially present with significant morbidities and unusually death.1 While its etiology is unknown, SM mainly affects the mesentery surrounding the small intestine and only rarely the mesentery surrounding the colon.2 The umbrella term sclerosing mesenteritis includes the acute form called mesenteric pannicultis (MP) (predominated histologically by inflammation of the mesenteric fat) and the chronic form denoted as retractile mesenterits (RM) (consisting of mainly fibrosis).3 The inflammation and fibrosis from sclerosing mesenteritis may cause varied abdominal pathologies giving rise to non-specific presentations and, as such, diagnosis is easily missed and is confirmed only by histology. Patients may present with abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, fever, chylous ascites, abdominal mass, constipation, gastrointestinal bleeding or diarrhea.1 There have been rare cases of mesenteric panniculitis presenting as small bowel obstruction 1, 4-6. Because its clinical manifestations are nonspecific and atypical, the preoperative diagnosis of sclerosing mesenteritis can be very difficult to make clinically and Mesenteric Panniculitis Presenting as Recurrent Small Bowel Obstruction in an Elderly Male
Correlates of mental health service utilization among depressed individuals with suicidality

Research identifying factors associated with treatment utilization of individuals at risk for suicide has been inconsistent. This study examines correlates of treatment utilization among depressed ...
Machiavellianism and Ethical Perceptions of Retail Situations

The honesty and integrity of business personnel have come under increasing scrutiny over the past several decades. There appears to be an increasing belief that the ethical character of society is declining (Zinkhan, Bisesi and Saxton 1989), a belief which is furthered by the visibility of a number of recent questionable business practices (Lysonski and Gaidis 1991).
The Last Laugh: Parasite, Joker, Dark Waters and the Outcasts’ Revenge

Subcultures can appear in multicultural societies not only by the contact of existing cultures but also by cultures that remain constant while the larger society changes. A recent movie, Dark Water...
Brief Report: Understanding Preferences for HIV Care Among Patients Experiencing Homelessness or Unstable Housing: A Discrete Choice Experiment.

Background Homelessness and unstable housing (HUH) negatively impact care outcomes for people living with HIV (PLWH). To inform the design of a clinic program for PLWH experiencing HUH, we quantified patient preferences and trade-offs across multiple HIV-service domains using a discrete choice experiment (DCE). Methods We sequentially sampled PLWH experiencing HUH presenting at an urban HIV clinic with ≥1 missed primary care visit and viremia in the last year to conduct a DCE. Participants chose between 2 hypothetical clinics varying across 5 service attributes: care team "get to know me as a person" versus not; receiving $10, $15, or $20 gift cards for clinic visits; drop-in versus scheduled visits; direct phone communication to care team versus front-desk staff; and staying 2 versus 20 blocks from the clinic. We estimated attribute relative utility (ie, preference) using mixed-effects logistic regression and calculated the monetary trade-off of preferred options. Results Among 65 individuals interviewed, 61% were >40 years old, 45% White, 77% men, 25% heterosexual, 56% lived outdoors/emergency housing, and 44% in temporary housing. Strongest preferences were for patient-centered care team [β = 3.80; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.57 to 5.02] and drop-in clinic appointments (β = 1.33; 95% CI: 0.85 to 1.80), with a willingness to trade $32.79 (95% CI: 14.75 to 50.81) and $11.45 (95% CI: 2.95 to 19.95) in gift cards/visit, respectively. Conclusions In this DCE, PLWH experiencing HUH were willing to trade significant financial gain to have a personal relationship with and drop-in access to their care team rather than more resource-intensive services. These findings informed Ward 86's "POP-UP" program for PLWH-HUH and can inform "ending the HIV epidemic" efforts.
An ultrafast multi-zone HCCI model with Autoignition, Global reaction and Interpolation (AGI) for achieving comparable accuracy to detailed chemical kinetics models

Abstract Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) is a promising advanced combustion technology with high thermal efficiencies and low exhaust emissions, and thus, is a potential solution for future transportation applications. Quasi-dimensional multi-zone models with detailed chemical kinetics have reasonable computational cost and high accuracy for HCCI studies. However, they require significant tuning of the heat and mass transfers models against experiments, and solving large stiff equations for multi-zone chemical kinetics is still very time-consuming. In this study, a novel model is proposed. It is as accurate as conventional multi-zone chemical kinetic models, has much faster computational speed that is independent to the mechanism size, and require less tuning and calibration. Three main parts are included in this model: a control-mass Lagrangian (CML) framework, the Thermal Stratification Analysis (TSA) method, and the Autoignition, Global reaction, and Interpolation (AGI) model. The CML model framework avoids implementing interzonal mass and heat transfer correlations. The thermal stratification is realized by the TSA method. With it, case-by-case tuning is no longer needed. The combustion model is constructed by Autoignition, Global reaction, and Interpolation (AGI). A database of ignition delay times and burn rates based on constant-volume simulations is pre-generated. Then, the individual zonal ignition delay time and burn rate are interpolated from the database. A phenomenon called Burn Rate Equality ensures that the burn rate in the database equals the real engine simulation. This interpolation-based combustion model can run significantly faster than solving chemical kinetics at each time step, especially compared with a large-size chemical kinetic model and a large number of zones. The AGI model generally has errors less than 0.7 CAD of CA50 compared to the conventional chemical kinetics simulation. The performance boost is 100x to more than 10,000x depending on the size of the chemical kinetics model.
Accelerating geostatistical modeling using geostatistics-informed machine Learning

Abstract Ordinary Kriging (OK) is a popular geostatistical algorithm for spatial interpolation and estimation. The computational complexity of OK changes quadratically and cubically for memory and speed, respectively, given the number of data. Therefore, it is computationally intensive and also challenging to process a large set of data, especially in three-dimensional (3D) cases. This paper develops a geostatistics-informed machine learning (GIML) model to improve the efficiency of OK by reducing the number of points required to be estimated using OK. Specifically, only a very few of the unknown points are estimated by OK to get the weights and estimations, which are used as the training dataset. Moreover, the governing equations of OK are used to guide our proposed machine learning to better reproduce the spatial distributions. Our results show that the proposed GIML can reduce the computational time of OK by at least one order of magnitude. The effectiveness of the GIML is evaluated and compared using a 2D case. Furthermore, we demonstrate its efficiency and robustness by considering a different number of training samples on various 3D simulation grids.
Graphene composite 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic sodium salts with a honeycomb structure as a high performance anode material for lithium ion batteries

In order to address the issues of high solubility in electrolytes, poor conductivity and low active site utilization of organic carbonyl electrode materials, in this work, the 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic sodium salt (PTCDA-Na) and its graphene composite PTCDA-Na-G are prepared by the hydrolysis of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride and the strategy of antisolvent precipitation. The obtained PTCDA-Na active substance has a porous honeycomb structure, showing a large specific surface area. Moreover, after recombination with graphene, the dispersion and specific surface area of PTCDA-Na are further enhanced, and more active sites are exposed and conductivity is improved. As a result, the PTCDA-Na-G composite electrode materials exhibit superior electrochemical energy storage behaviors. The initial charge capacity of the PTCDA-Na-G electrode is 890.5 mA h g−1, and after 200 cycles, the capacity can still remain at 840.0 mA h g−1 with a high retention rate of 94.3%, which is much larger than those of the PTCDA-Na electrode. In addition, at different current densities, the PTCDA-Na-G electrode also presents higher capacities and better cycle stability than the PTCDA-Na electrode. Compared with PTCDA-Na with a porous honeycomb structure and previously reported sodium carboxylic acid salts with a large size bulk structure, the PTCDA-Na-G composite material prepared in this work shows superior electrochemical energy storage properties due to its large specific surface area, high dispersion, more exposed active sites and large electrical conductivity, which would provide new ideas for the development of high performance organic electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Auditory neurophysiological development in early childhood: A growth curve modeling approach.

Abstract Objective During early childhood, the development of communication skills, such as language and speech perception, relies in part on auditory system maturation. Because auditory behavioral tests engage cognition, mapping auditory maturation in the absence of cognitive influence remains a challenge. Furthermore, longitudinal investigations that capture auditory maturation within and between individuals in this age group are scarce. The goal of this study is to longitudinally measure auditory system maturation in early childhood using an objective approach. Methods We collected frequency-following responses (FFR) to speech in 175 children, ages 3–8 years, annually for up to five years. The FFR is an objective measure of sound encoding that predominantly reflects auditory midbrain activity. Eliciting FFRs to speech provides rich details of various aspects of sound processing, namely, neural timing, spectral coding, and response stability. We used growth curve modeling to answer three questions: 1) does sound encoding change across childhood? 2) are there individual differences in sound encoding? and 3) are there individual differences in the development of sound encoding? Results Subcortical auditory maturation develops linearly from 3-8 years. With age, FFRs became faster, more robust, and more consistent. Individual differences were evident in each aspect of sound processing, while individual differences in rates of change were observed for spectral coding alone. Conclusions By using an objective measure and a longitudinal approach, these results suggest subcortical auditory development continues throughout childhood, and that different facets of auditory processing follow distinct developmental trajectories. Significance The present findings improve our understanding of auditory system development in typically-developing children, opening the door for future investigations of disordered sound processing in clinical populations.
Group bonding or hazing?: The effects of masculine honor beliefs on perceptions of undergraduate hazing

Abstract Hazing is a prevalent issue on many college campuses, and individuals higher in Masculine Honor Beliefs (MHB; i.e., prioritizing a tough social reputation) may think hazing is a test of one's honor. Across two studies (N = 366), we assessed the influence of MHB and various hazing circumstances on third-person perceptions of hazing (Study 1) and (hypothetical) first-person hazing endurance (Study 2). Study 1 used vignettes of a newcomer's hazing experience in an all men's group at three levels of severity. Individuals higher in MHB had more favorable attitudes toward hazing and perceived it as less harmful. Study 2 participants identified when, if at all, they would stop participating in a (hypothetical) hazing progression to gain ingroup membership that manipulated if the hazing was 1) primarily humiliating or physical and 2) posted on Snapchat or not. We found both higher MHB and the Snapchat condition uniquely predicted longer (hypothetical) hazing endurance, suggesting one's social reputation and the increased possibility of others seeing one's hazing progress may motivate longer (hypothetical) hazing endurance, respectively. These studies present MHB as a novel contribution in understanding third-person and first-person perceptions of undergraduate hazing.
Enhancing the Equating of Item Difficulty Metrics: Estimation of Reference Distribution

Two methods are currently in use at Educational Testing Service (ETS) for equating observed item difficulty statistics. The first method involves the linear equating of item statistics in an observed sample to reference statistics on the same items. The second method, or the item response curve (IRC) method, involves the summation of conditional observed item statistics across the reference population total score frequencies. This article introduces a quick and effective method for obtaining the reference distribution for the transition from the linear equating method to the IRC method without recalculating all the item difficulties. More specifically, a mathematical formula is derived to estimate the score distribution of a reference group that maintains the current item difficulty scale. Future research is needed to compare the performance of the two approaches.
POLITICAL SCIENCE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMA, PAST AND PRESENT

During the put twenty-five years, the University of Central Oklahoma has experienced tremendous growth in the diversity and size of its student population. With these developments have come significant challenges, none greater than the demands brought on by UCO's transformation from a "Normal" school to a "university~, with five colleges and a mission spanning the local--global continuum. The changes in the Political Science Department over this time have responded to these demographic and institutional dynamics.
A Constitutional and Empirical Analysis of Iowa's Administrative Rules Review Committee Procedure

Iowa gives a joint legislative committee, called the Administrative Rules Review Committee, significant power over agency rulemaking. The ARRC can delay a rule, either for a 70-day period, or until the end of the next legislative session. It can also object to a rule, which switches the burden of proof to the agency in any future judicial challenge and makes the agency liable for the litigation costs of successful challengers. In this article, the authors study 15 years of committee activity to determine how the ARRC has used its authority and to assess the degree of legislative intrusion on executive administration. The data indicate that the ARRC has used its authority most often against environmental rules and that the impact of the review process extends beyond the formal actions taken by the committee. The article subjects the ARRC procedure to a separation of powers analysis and concludes that the objection and delay authority exceed the permissible boundaries of legislative power.
Intrauterine position effects in male and female swine : subsequent survivability, growth rate, morphology and semen characteristics

Pigs of known intrauterine position were obtained from 31 litters by a procedure in which donor sows were slaughtered at d 112 of gestation, their uteri removed and piglets delivered manually. Uterine position was recorded for each piglet as being positioned between two female fetuses (OM), between a male and female fetus (1M), between two male fetuses (2M), between a female fetus and the tip of the uterine horn (OE) or between a male fetus and the tip of the horn (1E). Piglets were fostered as litter groups to recipient sows and reared in these groups until 120 d of age. They then were regrouped and housed as groups of three and six for males and females, respectively. Intrauterine position had no effect on birth weight or survivability of pigs of either sex, although pigs positioned in utero nearest the ovaries (OE and 1E) tended to be heavier at birth. Body weights were similar among groups in each sex at 120 and 175 d of age when given ad libitum access to feed; however, 2M males gained more weight from d 175 to 270 under restricted feeding conditions (P less than .05). Intrauterine position had no effect on anogenital distances either at birth or 120 d of age, and predicted testes weights were similar among males from different positions. Semen characteristics at 220 d of age did not appear to vary due to prenatal environment. Although volume tended to be less for 0M males (P less than .12), concentration, motility and sperm/ejaculate were similar among groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spectrum of Extramammary Malignant Neoplasms in the Breast With Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation

Although primary breast cancer is the most common malignancy identified by breast imaging, extramammary malignancies may also rarely be encountered. These uncommon lesions may reflect primary neoplasms of nonmammary origin as well as secondary metastatic lesions, and include lymphoma, melanoma, neuroendocrine tumors, gastrointestinal tract malignancies, and angiosarcoma among other entities. Malignant extramammary breast lesions may be encountered during routine mammographic screening, identified during the diagnostic evaluation of a palpable breast abnormality, or may be detected incidentally during imaging of other organs of interest. As such, the radiologist should have familiarity with the appearance of these lesions. This article focuses on a review of several of the most common extramammary metastases to the breast, as well as a few lesions that may develop as either primary or secondary lesions.
Luminous Transmittance, and Chromaticity of Colored Filter Glasses in CIE 1964 Uniform Color Space.

The CIE and CIE–UCS color systems are reviewed as background for discussing uniform color space. Computed luminosities and trichromatic coordinates for various thicknesses of several Corning filter glasses are presented. These data are used to illustrate graphically several tridimensional color spaces, including Wyszecki’s proposal for a uniform space using the cube root lightness function and chromaticness indices. In this space the colors for a series of thicknesses of a filter form a skewed line extending from the maximum luminosity point on the achromatic axis through a maximum chromaticness point to the base of the achromatic axis.
Martian volcanism - Additional observations and evidence for pyroclastic activity

Inspection of the Mariner 9 B-camera (resolution 100-200 m) and A-camera (resolution 1-2 km) photographs of Mars reveals numerous analogs of terrestrial and lunar volcanic features. In addition to the exceptionally large constructional features in the Tharsis region, many other large and small landforms present probably are related to endogenic processes.
Coupled-channel scattering in 1+1 dimensional lattice model

Based on the Lippmann-Schwinger equation approach, a generalized L\"uscher's formula in $1+1$ dimensions for two particles scattering in both the elastic and coupled-channel cases in moving frames is derived. A two-dimensional coupled-channel scattering lattice model is presented, which represents a two-coupled-channel resonant scattering scalars system. The Monte Carlo simulation is performed on finite lattices and in various moving frames. The two-dimensional generalized L\"uscher's formula is used to extract the scattering amplitudes for the coupled-channel system from the discrete finite-volume spectrum.
Identification of a Variant of Fusarium proliferatum That Hydrolyzes Fumonisin B1

Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced primarily by Fusarium moniliforme and Fusarium proliferatum in corn. Normally, the fumonisins display considerable chemical stability at temperatures up to 100 °C...
Intrinsic connections of caudate neurons. I. Locally evoked field potentials and extracellular unitary activity.

Summary The field potentials and extracellular activity within the caudate nucleus of cats were investigated by means of closely apposed fine stimulating electrodes arranged in a semicircle at 1.5 mm distant from the recording glass pipette. The studies were performed on intact animals anesthetized with Nembutal or chloralose-urethane and in unanesthetized encephale or cerveau isolepreparations. All animals were paralyzed and artificially respirated. Recordings were also obtained in cats in which the caudate nucleus has been isolated from the surrounding tissues 20–90 days before recordings were taken to allow for degeneration of afferent fibers. In all types of preparations, stimulation of discrete points around the recording micropipette typically evoked field potentials of negative polarity and 3–5 msec duration at an average latency of 10 msec. Single spike unitary responses usually emerged from the falling phase or peak of the field potentials. Commonly, repetitive stimulation failed to evoke responses for 150–200 msec following the first response. Spontaneous unitary activity was often arrested by single shocks, and the duration of spike suppression ranged from 150 to 200 msec. We suggest that inhibitory postsynaptic potentials are responsible for the protracted recovery cycle of the field potentials, for the long-lasting unresponsiveness of units, and for the suppression of spontaneous spikes following a stimulus. Few units were capable of responding at shorter latencies and of following high frequencies of stimulation. A few cells fired in short bursts at high frequencies in response to single shocks. We conclude that these findings reflect the synaptic properties of interconnected elements within the caudate neuropil. We suggest that the first order elements, receiving afferent impulses, may be very small and relatively inaccessible even to fine microelectrode probing, and that the present unitary recordings may reflect only the activity of larger neurons further along the chain of transmission within the caudate neuropil.
Cell Culture of Fibroblasts from Clupea harengus Gonads

RECENT advances in animal cell culture have been largely restricted to warm-blooded vertebrates, particularly mammals. Cells of fishes have been given limited attention in culture investigations, although they include the majority of species in the vertebrate fauna. Wolf et al.1 were the first to prepare cultures of fish cells using tryp-sinization and commercial mammalian media, but they incubated their cultures at 19° C rather than at the higher mammalian cell incubation temperature. They cultured cells of several freshwater species and Wolf later established a cell line with rainbow trout cells2. Roberts3,4 prepared cell cultures of several freshwater centrarchids for chromosome study.
Adjusting Error Calculation to Account for Temporal Mismatch in Evaluating Models

AbstractA new method is proposed to compute prediction errors so as to not penalize models for good predictions with a temporal error. Traditional goodness of fit measures are based on model error calculated by pair-wise comparison of observed and simulated values at the same time, (which the authors term isotemporal predictions). However, even good models could have a random temporal error. Relatively small time shifts in predictions could produce large individual errors, especially if there are rapid changes in the system. This could lead to misleadingly poor goodness-of-fit statistics. The authors propose a modification to the calculation of model error that pairs each data point with a prediction that is closest in a Euclidean sense, (which the authors term proxitemporal prediction), instead of the same time. A normalization criterion is proposed to make the prediction and time scales commensurate based on the slope of the model predictions. The method is tested using stochastic simulation for a sinus...
Volatile demand calls for quick response: the integrated supply chain

Highlights the problems encountered by a traditional supply chain system and shows how these problems can be eradicated by implementing an integrated supply chain. Discusses the workings of an integrated supply chain with the example of a US sports clothing manufacturer. Concludes by including a supply chain diagnostic guide which can be used to assess the efficiency of a company′s supply chain.
Eye movements are functional during face learning

In a free viewing learning condition, participants were allowed to move their eyes naturally as they learned a set of new faces. In a restricted viewing learning condition, participants remained fixated in a single central location as they learned the new faces. Recognition of the learned faces was then tested following the two learning conditions. Eye movements were recorded during the free viewing learning condition, as well as during recognition. The recognition results showed a clear deficit following the restricted viewing condition, compared with the free viewing condition, demonstrating that eye movements play a functional role during human face learning. Furthermore, the features selected for fixation during recognition were similar following free viewing and restricted viewing learning, suggesting that the eye movements generated during recognition are not simply a recapitulation of those produced during learning.