cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal absorption of quinidine from some solutions and commercial tablets

The gastrointestinal absorption of quinidine from three commercially available tablet products has been compared to that from a quinidine sulfate solution previously found to have 70% of the systematic availability of an intravenous dose. Quinidine gluconate solution was included in the study to compare the absorption characteristics of the two quinidine salts. The tablets were given in a counterbalanced sequence preceded by one quinidine solution and followed by the other in a crossover design. The three tablets proved to be equivalent to one another with respect to extent and rate of absorption. The absorption properties of the two solutions were indistinguishable. The tablets were equivalent to the solutions in extent but not in rate of absorption.
Buscar la reelección en 2010: el efecto de la efectividad legislativa

La literatura sobre el comportamiento legislativo tiende a enfatizar la reeleccion como una de sus motivaciones principales. Sin embargo, en contextos como el colombiano, donde buscar la reeleccion no es algo obvio, es necesario buscar los motivos por los que un legislador quisiera continuar ocupando una curul. Se propone que una motivacion es la promocion de nuevas politicas. Este objetivo tendria valor en si mismo motivando la busqueda de la reeleccion, pero tambien un papel instrumental aumentando las probabilidades de buscarla en ciertas circunstancias. Para evaluar este argumento se hace uso de una base de datos sobre los proyectos de ley tramitados entre 2006 y 2010 en la Camara de Representantes de Colombia. Con esta informacion se evalua si la efectividad para promover la aprobacion de nueva legislacion tuvo algun efecto en la busqueda de la reeleccion en las elecciones legislativas de 2010.
The predictive value of creatine phosphokinase and alkaline phosphatase in identification of heterotopic ossification in patients after spinal cord injury.

Abstract Objective To determine the predictive value of serum levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in identifying patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who are at risk to develop heterotopic ossification (HO) at the hips. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary-care level I trauma center. Participants Consecutive sample of 18 adults with acute traumatic SCI. Patients were excluded if they had medical or surgical conditions that are known to cause elevated enzyme levels. Interventions Not applicable. Main outcome measures Conventional hip radiographs were taken approximately 3 weeks after injury and again from between 3 to 6 months after injury. Serum ALP and CPK were measured approximately 3 weeks after SCI. Patients were later separated into 2 groups: group 1 was comprised of those who developed HO and group 2 was comprised of those who did not. Results The initial radiographs showed no evidence of HO in either group. The radiographs taken at 3 to 6 months showed HO in 7 of 18 patients. The levels of CPK at the initial evaluation were significantly higher ( R =.947, P P =.07). Conclusion Elevated serum levels of CPK have value in predicting the HO.
Hyperthermal collisions of silicon clusters with solid surfaces

High yields of intact scattering are found for collisions of mass-selected Si±N clusters (N=5–24) against graphite and silicon surfaces, at impact energies of 0.5–10 eV/atom. This result indicates an unanticipated difficulty in forming bonds during the impact event. The reflected cluster fragments or emits an electron in patterns consistent with gas-phase energetics, and analysis of fragmentation rates specifies an internal energy content of 12–26 percent of the impact energy, depending on cluster size, the surface, and surface temperature. Reactive processes, such as sticking or adhesion, may still dominate at lowest and highest energies.
High-intensity interval training increases in vivo oxidative capacity with no effect on Pi→ATP rate in resting human muscle

Mitochondrial ATP production is vital for meeting cellular energy demand at rest and during periods of high ATP turnover. We hypothesized that high-intensity interval training (HIT) would increase ...
Reaction of trimethylaluminium with sulphur derivatives of bis(diphenylphospino)methane and bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane. Synthesis and molecular structure of [Al(CH3)2][(C6H5)2P(S)CHP(S)(C6H5)2][Al(CH3)3] and [Al(CH3)3]2[(C6H5)2P(S)CH2CH2P(S)(C6H5)2]

Abstract Reaction of trimethylaluminium with bis(diphenylthiophosphinoyl)methane and bis(diphenylthiophosphinoyl)ethane affords the crystalline compounds [Al(CH 3 ) 2 ][(C 6 H 5 ) 2 P(S)CHP(S)(C 6 H 5 ) 2 ][Al(CH 3 ) 3 ] ( I ) and [Al(CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 [(C 6 H 5 ) 2 P(S)CH 2 CH 2 P(S)(C 6 H 5 ) 2 ] ( II ), respectively. Compound I crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / n (No. 14) with unit cell parameters a = 18.126(2), b = 9.569(2), c = 19.394(3) A, β = 110.20(1)°, V = 3156.7(7) A 3 , and ϱ = 1.21 g cm −3 for Z = 4. Least-squares refinement based on 2891 observed reflections [ I > 3σ( I )] converged at R = 0.040, R w = 0.051. Compound II crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 (No. 2) with unit cell parameters a = 12.076(3), b = 13.148(3), c = 13.114(3) A, α = 98.32(2), β = 100.55(2), γ = 116.41(2)°, V = 1772.1(7) A 3 , and ϱ = 1.14 g cm −3 for Z = 2. Least-squares refinement based on 3012 observed reflections [ I > 3σ( I )] converged at R = 0.049, R w = 0.056. Compound I results from a unique condensation reaction in which one of the central methylene CH bonds was cleaved in addition to one AlCH 3 bond, resulting in an unusual AlPSC four-membered ring. The length of the hydrocarbon chain in bidentate phosphine ligands appears to play an important role in their reactivity with organo-aluminium species, as reaction of bis(diphenylthiophosphinoyl)ethane with trimethylaluminium did not facilitate condensation, but resulted in an addition compound, II . These results demonstrate a comparatively greater acidity of the hydrocarbon chain hydrogen atoms of bis(diphenylthiophosphinoyl)methane relative to bis(diphenylthiophosphinoyl)ethane.
Modulation of the frequency of hippocampal rhythmic, slow activity (theta) by stimulation of other brain areas.

Abstract The rhythmic, slow electrical activity (RSA) of the hippocampus has been correlated with many diverse processes and behaviors, yet its significance is not understood. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that naturally occurring changes in frequency of RSA reflect specific neural information processing reactions, as opposed to secondary changes along an arousal continuum. The test strategy was to: (1) evoke RSA by electrical stimulation of the brain stem reticular formation (BSRF), and (2) monitor RSA frequency during simultaneous stimulation of other brain areas (usually caudate, parietal neocortex, piriform cortex, amygdala, and contralateral hippocampus. Control stimulation of every test site at 10/sec usually evoked at 10/sec RSA. When the BSRF was stimulated simultaneously, the RSA it normally evoked was replaced with 10/sec RSA, except in 7 of 26 tests wherein stimulation of piriform cortex or amygdala modulated RSA frequency so that it differed from 10/sec as well as the RSA frequency that was evoked from BSRF. Control high-frequency stimulation of test sites generally had no effect on hippocampus, but concurrent stimulation of every test site could modulate the frequency of BSRF-evoked RSA. Some of the concurrent stimulations caused RSA frequency shifts in a direction opposite to that which would have been predicted by the arousal-continuum theory.
Negotiating Identities/Queering Desires: Coming Out Online and the Remediation of the Coming‐Out Story

Drawing on a 19-month ethnographic study, this essay explores how rural young people weave digital-media-generated source materials into their identity work, particularly as they navigate the politics of visibility's master narrative event: “coming out.” More so than in urban scenes where a critical mass of LGBTQ visibility is taken for granted, these stories resonate with the complex negotiation of visibility and family ties that consume rural young people's everyday lives. At the same time the amount rural youth absorb or rework these categories has everything to do with each person's capacity to enact and publicly assert them. This approach to studies of media effects calls for a deeply situated understanding of media engagements beyond reception of particular media texts.
Characterization of vitrinite concentrates. 2. Magic-angle 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies

Abstract The fraction aromaticity determined by 13 C n.m.r. with cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning of 19 vitrinite concentrates obtained from the Lower Kittaning seam shows a range of values from ≈ 0.65 for the samples of lowest rank (83 wt% C (dmmf) to about 0.83 for those of highest rank (91 wt%C (dmmf)). It was determined that the wt% aromatic carbon correlates to the wt% fixed carbon and is in good agreement with the results reported by other authors. The combination of the 13 C n.m.r. results with FTIR measurements allows a number of coal parameters to be estimated. The atomic ratios of aliphatic hydrogen to carbon were demonstrated to vary from 1.8–2.0 to between 2.4–2.6 and previous assumptions that a single value can be used in calculating structural parameters for coal of any rank are not strictly valid. The calculation of the aromatic H C ratio indicates that in mean structural units there is approximately one aromatic hydrogen atom for every six carbons in vitrinites of carbon content 83 wt%C (dmmf) and that this ratio changes progressively with rank to a value of about one aromatic hydrogen for every four carbons for vitrinites of carbon content 91 wt%C (dmmf).
Switch-like Control of SREBP-2 Transport Triggered by Small Changes in ER Cholesterol: A Delicate Balance

Animal cells control their membrane lipid composition within narrow limits, but the sensing mechanisms underlying this control are largely unknown. Recent studies disclosed a protein network that controls the level of one lipid-cholesterol. This network resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A key component is Scap, a tetrameric ER membrane protein that binds cholesterol. Cholesterol binding prevents Scap from transporting SREBPs to the Golgi for activation. Using a new method to purify ER membranes from cultured cells, we show that Scap responds cooperatively to ER cholesterol levels. When ER cholesterol exceeds 5% of total ER lipids (molar basis), SREBP-2 transport is abruptly blocked. Transport resumes when ER cholesterol falls below the 5% threshold. The 5% threshold is lowered to 3% when cells overexpress Insig-1, a Scap-binding protein. Cooperative interactions between cholesterol, Scap, and Insig create a sensitive switch that controls the cholesterol composition of cell membranes with remarkable precision.
Recognition and prediction in a network music performance system for Indian percussion

Playing music over the Internet, whether for real-time jamming, network performance or distance education, is constrained by the speed of light which introduces, over long distances, time delays unsuitable for musical applications. Current musical collaboration systems generally transmit compressed audio streams over low-latency and high-bandwidth networks to optimize musician synchronization. This paper proposes an alternative approach based on pattern recognition and music prediction. Trained for a particular type of music, here the Indian tabla drum, the system called TablaNet identifies rhythmic patterns by recognizing individual strokes played by a musician and mapping them dynamically to known musical constructs. Symbols representing these musical structures are sent over the network to a corresponding computer system. The computer at the receiving end anticipates incoming events by analyzing previous phrases and synthesizes an estimated audio output. Although such a system may introduce variants due to prediction approximations, resulting in a slightly different musical experience at both ends, we find that it demonstrates a high level of playability with an immediacy not present in other systems, and functions well as an educational tool.
Protocol for Concomitant Temporomandibular Joint Custom-fitted Total Joint Reconstruction and Orthognathic Surgery Using Computer-assisted Surgical Simulation

Combined orthognathic and total joint reconstruction cases can be predictably performed in 1 stage. Use of virtual surgical planning can eliminate a significant time requirement in preparation of concomitant orthognathic and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prostheses cases. The concomitant TMJ and orthognathic surgery-computer-assisted surgical simulation technique increases the accuracy of combined cases. In order to have flexibility in positioning of the total joint prosthesis, recontouring of the lateral aspect of the rami is advantageous.
Planar oxidation of strained silicon substrates

We report here on a series of experiments in which relatively low levels of in-plane bending strain were applied to oxidizing silicon substrates. These were found to result in significant decreases in oxide thickness in the ultrathin oxide regime. Both tensile and compressive bending resulted in roughly the same degree of thickness retardation, although compressive bending typically led to somewhat thinner oxides than did tensile bending. An examination of the experimental data indicate that the principal effect seems to occur in the very early stages of oxidation, with only minor effects on subsequent oxide growth. We hypothesize that the observed oxide thickness retardation is related to straining of the underlying silicon lattice at the oxidation front.
From appearance tales to oppression tales: Frame alignment and organizational identity

Based on participant observation and taped interviews with participants and leaders in Weight Watchers, Overeaters Anonymous, and the National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance (NAAFA), this article considers how organizations accomplish frame alignment with their members. All three organizations construct frames of meanings concerning participation, appearance, and food that reflect their own objectives. However, these frames must be aligned with members' own meanings, which, at times, contradict the organizational frame. Frame alignment is accomplished in Weight Watchers by group leaders emphasizing rationality with regards to food, body, and social relationships. Within Overeaters Anonymous, a redemptive frame is constructed that transforms the dieting practices of its members into a spiritual activity. The injustice frame of NAAFA transforms mundane aspects of everyday life, such as eating, into a political activity. As all members adopt the meanings of their respective program, they come to embra...
Data-driven glove calibration for hand motion capture

Hand motion is an important component of human motion, playing a central role in communication. However, it is difficult to capture hand motion optically, especially in conjunction with full body motion. Due to a lack of appropriate calibration methods, data gloves also do not provide sufficiently accurate hand motion. In this paper, we present a novel glove calibration approach that can map raw sensor readings to hand motion data with both accurate joint rotations and fingertip positions. Our method elegantly handles the sensor coupling problem by treating calibration as a flexible mapping from sensor readings to joint rotations. A sampling process collects data tuples according to accuracy requirements, and organizes all the tuples in a training set. From these data, a specially designed Gaussian Process Regression model is trained to infer the calibration function, and the learned model can be used to calibrate new sensor readings. For real-time hand motion capture, a sparse approximation of the model is used to enhance performance. Evaluation experiments demonstrate that our approach provides significantly better results that have more accurate hand shapes and fingertip positions, compared to other calibration methods.
Stress ulceration: The clinical problem

As the ability to prolong life in severely traumatized patients increased, the incidence of clinically apparent upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage also increased. By 1970, it was recognized that the most common cause of such bleeding was so-called stress ulceration, consisting of multiple, punctate, superficial erosions, confined initially to the proximal gastric mucosa. “Stress” ulcers develop in association with shock which requires massive transfusion, with certain types of central nervous system injury, with respiratory insufficiency, with acute renal failure, and, most particularly, with sepsis. Active bleeding from “stress” ulcer is usually preceded by a striking increase in the volume and acidity of aspirated gastric content, which is also heavily bile stained. Abnormalities in coagulation are frequently present. The nasogastric tube, per se, does not contribute to “stress” bleeding. Intraoperative endoscopy for diagnosis is of value in selected instances.
Important role for organic carbon in subduction-zone fluids in the deep carbon cycle

Earth’s deep carbon cycle is poorly constrained. Theoretical calculations suggest that large amounts of carbon are returned to Earth’s surface as organic and inorganic carbon ions dissolved in subduction-zone fluids.
UNUSUAL 29,30Si-RICH SiCs OF MASSIVE STAR ORIGIN FOUND WITHIN GRAPHITES FROM THE MURCHISON METEORITE

Correlated transmission electron microscopy and NanoSIMS isotopic studies have revealed two unusual SiCs with large 29,30Si enrichments within micron-sized graphites from the Murchison meteorite. Such anomalies are rare among the overall SiC population (in 0.01% of SiCs yet measured), whereas two of the three SiCs found within graphite show 29,30Si enrichments, in one case as large as 29Si/28Si = (2.28 ± 0.03) × solar and 30Si/28Si = (2.03 ± 0.03)× solar. C-burning and Ne-burning in massive stars (>8 M ☉ initial mass) during their post-main-sequence development are the only processes capable of producing sufficiently large 29,30Si enrichments. This material with heavy Si isotopic enrichments from the O/Ne and O/Si layers is later incorporated into carbonaceous stardust, either in ejecta from Type II supernovae or perhaps in the colliding winds of Wolf-Rayet binaries. Although often too small for Si isotopic measurements, four other SiC-containing graphites show other signatures of a massive star origin. Abundance estimates suggest that such unusual SiCs are present within ~1% of high-density graphites. This abundance can be reconciled with the much lower abundance in the overall SiC population if these unusual SiCs are naturally smaller (~200 nm or less) than SiCs from other isotopic subgroups and if differential destruction of small unusual SiCs occurs in massive star outflows unless these SiCs are encapsulated in graphite.
Compiling LISP procedures

The programming language LISP is frequently the language of choice for the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) systems, even though it has earned a reputation for being slow. This lack of speed is usually due to the fact that commonly available LISP implementations are interpretive in nature rather than compile and go. And we all know that interpreting source code is invariably slower than simply executing the compiled object code.
Scorodite dissolution kinetics: implications for arsenic release.

We have measured the rate of scorodite (FeAsO4·2H2O) dissolution over an environmentally relevant range of pH and temperature conditions. Dissolution rates, calculated using arsenic (As) as the reaction progress variable, were slowest at pH 3 and increased with both decreasing and increasing pH. Comparison of the pH-dependence of the dissolution rates with a scorodite stability diagram suggests that our measurements of dissolution rate at pH 2 reflect congruent dissolution, and those at and above pH 3 reflect incongruent dissolution. Because As was used as the reaction progress variable, and recognizing that As may adsorb to iron hydroxides during incongruent dissolution of scorodite, the derived rates may be underestimated. The pH and temperature dependence of scorodite dissolution rates determined in these experiments have implications for the stability of scorodite at field sites and also for the potential use of scorodite to sequester As. Although scorodite dissolution is slow, it can be enhanced by u...
Self-association of CPV3, an avian thymic parvalbumin

The avian parvalbumin called CPV3 readily forms disulfide-linked oligomers. Sedimentation data presented herein reveal that CPV3 also undergoes noncovalent self-association. Interestingly, the noncovalent interaction is promoted by either Ca2+ or Mg2+, whereas covalent complex formation displays an absolute requirement for the Ca(2+)-bound protein. Apo-CPV3 exhibits an apparent sedimentation coefficient of 2.08 S at 20 degrees C, in 0.15 M NaCl, 0.025 M HEPES-NaOH, pH 7.4. This value increases to 2.85 S or 3.16 S with addition of 1.0 mM Ca2+ or 5.0 mM Mg2+, respectively. Least-squares analysis of sedimentation equilibrium data suggests that 100 microM apo-CPV3 is primarily a mixture of monomeric and dimeric forms. With the addition of Ca2+, the equilibrium becomes exclusively monomer-trimer, with negligible amounts of dimer. A comparable distribution is observed in the presence of Mg2+.
Large eddy simulations using truncated Navier–Stokes equations with the automatic filtering criterion

We propose a large eddy simulation (LES) technique based on the previously developed Trancated Navier–Stokes (TNS) method. In TNS, the Navier–Stokes equations are solved through a sequence of direct numerical simulation runs and a periodic processing of small scales to provide the necessary dissipation. In the simplest case, the processing is accomplished by filtering the turbulent fields with a properly chosen filter. In the previous work, the period for processing was selected in advance for each case using heuristic arguments validated by trial and error. In this work, we develop a criterion that automates the selection of a time instant in simulations when the processing occurs. The criterion is based on the relationship between the energy of the flow field and the energy of the same field filtered with the chosen filter. The procedure is tested in LES of the turbulent channel flow performed at various Reynolds numbers and in domains of different sizes for which Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) and ...
Rapid Low Temperature Bonding of Silicon to Steel for MEMS Sensors

We have developed a rapid silicon to steel bonding process used to attach silicon microsensors onto steel. The specific application is to bond silicon based strain sensors to steel structures for real time strain sensing. Steel samples are electroplated with eutectic Pb/Sn alloy (Mp 183°C) and are bonded to silicon dice coated with Cr/Au or Cr/Cu/Ni/PbSn layers. Bonding took place in the inert environment of a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) oven at 220°C for about 20 seconds, which caused minimal damage to the steel samples. The silicon to steel bond survived >1000μe of static loading at the steel surface and 1000 cycles of >1000μe cyclic strain at the steel surface without failure. Corrosion resistance of the silicon to steel bond was tested by immersion in various oils and salt solutions, and the bonding method thus far has been successful.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Inhalation agents in pediatric anaesthesia - an update.

Purpose of reviewTo present the most recent publications on inhaled agents in children and their implications for clinical care.Recent findingsThe roles of clonidine, dexmedetomidine, ketamine and nalbuphine in the treatment of emergence delirium after sevoflurane and desflurane are discussed. Bispe
Measurements of the Particle Size Distribution of the Atmospheric Aerosol: I. Introduction and Experimental Methods

Abstract Previous experimental measurements of particle size spectra of the atmospheric aerosol are reviewed. A four-stage impactor was used to sample the Baltimore aerosol in the size range above 0.4 microns in radius. Particle size was measured with an optical microscope. The size range below 0.1 microns was sampled with a novel rotating disk device and the particle size distribution was measured by electron microscopy. The theory of the disk as applied to the diffusion of aerosol particles is discussed.
PIV Measurements of Air Flow Velocity Profile in Microchannels

The knowledge of the flow field in the microchannels of the ionic wind pump and other microscale heat removal devices for electronic components is important. The understanding of the flow field will lead to more effective and improved designs. Non-intrusive particle image velocimetry (PIV) utilizing microscopic objective lens is utilized to obtain the velocity field in microchannels of scales similar to those encountered in such devices. Microchannels with dimensions ranging from 0.8 mm to 2 mm are used, along with an open-channel design. The flow rate of air is held constant for the duration of each experiment and olive oil droplets (0.5 to 1.0 micrometer diameter) are used as the seed particles. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are used to replicate each test. ANSYS Fluent code is used for the computational investigations. The CFD flow fields are compared with the PIV results for validation purposes. Velocity profile information is obtained at three locations along each channel: 20%, 50%, and 80% of the channel length. Experiments are conducted on three 2 mm long channels. The cross-sections (depth and width) are 1 mm × 2 mm, 1 mm × 1 mm and 0.8 mm × 2 mm. The CFD flow fields are compared with the PIV results for validation purposes, with relative errors between CFD and PIV typically between 2% and 10%. The agreement between the PIV data and computational results validate this method.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Database Submission---Market Dynamics and User-Generated Content About Tablet Computers

Our Tablet Computer data set, collected from various websites, contains market dynamics related to 2,163 products, characteristics of 794 products, more than 40,000 consumer-generated product reviews, and information about 39,278 reviewers. The market dynamic information was collected weekly for 24 weeks starting February 1, 2012. Our Tablet Computer data set comprises four tables: the Market Dynamics of Products, Product Characteristic Information, Consumer-Generated Product Reviews, and Reviewer Information tables. In turn, it offers three unique properties. First, it contains both structured product information and unstructured product reviews. Second, it comprises product characteristic information and market dynamic information. Third, this data set integrates user-generated content with manufacturer-provided content. This integrated data set available at http://pubsonline.informs.org/page/mksc/online-databases is valuable for both academics and practitioners who conduct research related to marketing, information systems, computer science, and other fields using digital data readily available through the Internet.
Free radical damage to protein and DNA : mechanisms involved and relevant observations on brain undergoing oxidative stress

Iron mediates damage to proteins and DNA. The mechanisms of damage not only involve iron but also oxygen free radical intermediates. Oxidative damage to DNA causes not only strand breaks, but also formation of specific base adducts, such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Oxidative damage also inactivates certain enzymes such as glutamine synthetase. Novel methods of assessing oxidative damage to tissue, including quantitation of salicylate hydroxylation as an index of hydroxyl free radical flux as well as specific lesions to proteins and DNA, have yielded results that clearly show that ischemia/reperfusion injury to mongolian gerbil brain involves oxidatively damaging events. Aging in gerbil as well as human brain is also associated with increased oxidative damage. Recent novel observations have shown that the spin-trapping agent phenyl alpha-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) offers protection in gerbil brain during ischemia/reperfusion injury. We also show that oxidative damage to brain during aging is decreased by chronic administration of PBN. The mechanism of action of PBN may be related to its trapping of specific free radicals, which triggers a cascade of oxidative events that eventually lead to tissue injury.
Conceptualization and Evaluation of an Optimal Healing Environment for Chronic Low-Back Pain in Primary Care

This paper describes what a primary care-based optimal healing environment (OHE) might look like for chronic low-back pain, and presents a research protocol to evaluate the effect of such an environment on a variety of important patient and clinician outcomes. Such an environment may be conceived of as having three major components: (1) the health care environment in which the primary care team works; (2) the cognitive, technical, clinical and organizational skills of the team, and; (3) the "healing" skills of the team members, particularly the primary care physician. A variety of study designs available for evaluating the effects of an OHE on patient and clinical outcomes are described. Decisions about study site and population, appropriate outcome measures, required sample sizes, methods of patient recruitment, treatment protocol and analytic issues would need to be tailored to the specific requirements of the study. Because many elements of an OHE designed for chronic back pain seen in primary care set...
Naval Research Laboratory surface modification program: Ion beam and laser processing of metal surfaces for improved corrosion resistance

Abstract Various surface modification techniques are being employed at the Naval Research Laboratory as methods of modifying the surface properties of metal components to improve their performance. These include ion implantation, ion beam mixing, ion-beam-assisted deposition (of coatings), laser surface melting and laser surface alloying. In this paper the basic principles of these surface modification techniques and the corrosion behavior of several systems, including ion-implanted aluminum, ion-beam-mixed Pd-Ti surface alloys, ion-beam-assisted deposited coatings on AISI 52100 steel, laser-alloyed stainless steels and laser-consolidated titanium coatings on steels are discussed.
Nervous system of the earthworm, lumbricus terrestris L.

A study of the peripheral nerves of the earthworm shows that one pair of nerve trunks arise from the lateral regions of the cerebral ganglion, one pair from near the lateral, and two pairs from the ventral region of the circumpharyngeal connectives. These supply, in the order given, the prostomium, segment 1 and segment 2. Segment 3 and each succeeding segment, except the last, are supplied with three pairs of nerve trunks which arise from the nerve cord in the segment concerned. None of the nerve trunks of the body was observed to send branches to more than one segment, which shows that they are segmental in origin and distribution. The anterior portion of the central nervous system has undergone caudal migration and modification of its ganglia. Some of the nerve trunks have disappeared through atrophy, while others have become fused at their bases. A subepidermal nerve plexus is found at the base of the epidermal cells from which nerve fibers pass to the internal nerve net and to the central nervous system. This plexus also sends intercellular and intracellular fibers into the epidermis. The so-called sense cells of the epidermis appear to be the cell bodies of sensory neurones which send nerve fibers to the ganglia of the central nervous system, where they form synaptic connections with other neurones. There is an enteric nerve plexus in the wall of the alimentary canal which is directly connected to the circumpharyngeal connectives.
Problem of Strong $P$ and $T$ Invariance in the Presence of Instantons

The requirement that P and T be approximately conserved in the color gauge theory of strong interactions without arbitrary adjustment of parameters is analyzed. Several possibilities are identified, including one which would give a remarkable new kind of very light, long-lived pseudoscalar boson.
Ramifications of a Flat Tax—Shifting the Burden to the Middle Class

An alternative to the current US tax system would be a flat tax. According to its supporters, the flat tax would decrease the complexity of the tax system. Opponents contend that the flat tax will shift the tax burden to the middle class. The current research tested the claim that the flat tax will shift the tax burden to the middle class by developing simulations of two flat tax proposals, the Steve Forbes Plan and the Hall and Rabushka Plan, and then examining the change in the tax burden for different income levels as compared to the current tax system. The results show that both plans shift more of the tax burden to middle income class taxpayers than under the current US tax system.
Antiphospholipid antibody effects on monocytes

Although the presence of autoantibodies is known to increase the risk of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome, the mechanism by which these antibodies exert their effects is poorly understood. Several studies suggest that autoantibody-mediated dysregulation of monocytes is one pathobiologic mechanism of this disease. Recent studies have focused on extra-and intracellular interactions involved in monocyte activation and expression of procoagulant activity. Agents specifically targeting monocyte activation and activity may provide a novel and efficacious approach that is safer than current antithrombotics.
Reliability and validity of a new ankle electrogoniometer

Objectives: To establish reliability, accuracy and concurrent validity of a new electrogoniometer (SG110A, Biometrics) for measuring ankle movement.Methods: The new electrogoniometer, placed at the lateral malleolus (A-perp), was compared to a customary electrogoniometer (SG110, Biometrics), placed along the Achilles tendon (A-para). Concurrent recordings were made with motion analysis. Common dance movements were performed by 17 dancers on two days. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated for sagittal angular displacements.Results: Instrument and intra-tester reliability of A-perp was high (r ≥ 0.985, r ≥ 0.979, respectively). Criterion and concurrent validity were also high (r ≥ 0.954, r ≥ 0.937). SEM ranged from 1.43° to 6.99°.Conclusions: The high ICC values establish acceptable reliability and validity. Subjects found A-perp more comfortable. Although both electrogoniometers are acceptable (comparable SEM) to measure extreme ankle motions, the...
Reliability of Electrostatically Driven Resonant Sensors Under Mechanical Shock

This paper presents a theoretical and experimental investigation of the response of electrostatically actuated parallel-plate resonators when subjected to mechanical shock. Resonators are commonly employed in resonant sensors, where they are operated at low pressure for enhanced sensitivity making their response to external disturbances such as shock a critical issue. A single-degree-of-freedom system is used to model a resonator, which is electrostatically driven by a DC load superimposed to an AC harmonic load. Simulation results are demonstrated in a series of shock spectra that help indicate the combined influence of shock, DC, and AC loads. The effect of the shock duration coinciding with the AC harmonic frequency is investigated. It is concluded that accounting for the electrostatic forces, especially the AC load, is crucial when addressing the reliability and performance of resonators against shock. It is found that for specific shock and AC excitation conditions, the resonator may experience early dynamic pull-in instability. Experimental work has been conducted on a capacitive sensor to verify the obtained theoretical results. The sensor is mounted on top of a small shaker and then both are placed inside a vacuum chamber. Acceleration pulses were applied on the sensor while powered by DC and AC load. The response of the device was monitored using a laser-Doppler vibrometer. The experimental results were compared to the theoretical results and were found to be in good agreement.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
The senior seminar in computer science

This paper considers the senior seminar course in computer science and discusses its place in preparing students for careers in computer science. It is the authors' contention that the senior seminar should attempt to prepare students for the practice of computer science in the work place. It considers the various aspects of the development and implementation of a significant user-oriented software project that serves as the cornerstone of such a course.
Beneficial plant bacteria

The recognition of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), a group of beneficial plant bacteria, as potentially useful for stimulating plant growth and increasing crop yields has evolved over the past several years to where today researchers are able to repeatedly use them successfully in field experiments. Increased growth and yields of potato, sugar beet, and radish have been reported. The most effective strains of PGPR have been fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Growth increases appear to result from the suppression of soil microorganisms that are deleterious to plant growth. A possible mode of action is through the production of the siderophore pseudobactin, that chelates iron in the plant rhizosphere making it unavailable to the harmful microflora. Commercial applications of PGPR are being tested and are frequently successful; however, a better understanding of the microbial interactions that result in plant growth increases will greatly increase the success rate of field applications.
PRACTICAL SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 7-BENZYLIDENENALTREXONE (BNTX)

(1995). PRACTICAL SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 7-BENZYLIDENENALTREXONE (BNTX) Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 621-624.
The Role of Information in Technology Adoption: The Case of rbST in the California Dairy Industry

Bovine somatotropin, a naturally-occurring hormone that enhances milk production in cows, can now be produced in large quantities using recombinant DNA technologies. Recent research suggests that the use of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) could increase milk production an average of 12 percent per cow Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). Production could increase more or less depending on dairy management practices. In November of 1993, after reviewing rbST for more than nine years, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved it for commercial use. This article analyzes, both analytically and empirically, producers' rbST adoption decisions in the preFDA-approval phase.
Increased Activity and Fidelity of DNA Polymerase β on Single-nucleotide Gapped DNA

DNA polymerase β (pol β) is an error-prone polymerase that plays a central role in mammalian base excision repair. To better characterize the mechanisms governing rat pol β activity, we examined polymerization on synthetic primer-templates of different structure. Steady-state kinetic analyses revealed that the catalytic efficiency of pol β (k cat/K m,dNTPapp) is strongly influenced by gap size and the presence of a phosphate group at the 5′-margin of the gap. pol β exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency on 5′-phosphorylated 1-nucleotide gapped DNA. This efficiency was ≥500 times higher than on non-phosphorylated 1-nucleotide and 6-nucleotide (with or without PO4) gapped DNAs and 2,500 times higher than on primer-template with no gaps. The nucleotide insertion fidelity of pol β, as judged by its ability to form G-N mispairs, was also higher (10–100 times) on 5′-phosphorylated single-nucleotide gapped DNA compared with the other DNA substrates studied. These data suggest that a primary function of mammalian pol β is to fill 5′-phosphorylated 1-nucleotide gaps.
Molecular mechanisms of cytokinin action.

Cytokinins have been implicated in many apsects of plant development, including a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation. Recent studies indicate that cytokinins may elevate cell division rates by induction of expression of CycD3, which encodes a D-type cyclin thought to play a role in the G1→M transition of the cell cycle. Progress has also been made in our understanding of cytokinin perception as homologs of two-component phosphorelay systems have emerged as likely signaling elements.
Packaging Recycling Index (PRI)

This paper is a first step toward building a Packaging Recycling Index (PRI) for the commercial packaging industry. This index has two parts; the first part refers to the percentage of "recovered material" in the construction of commercial packages. The second part refers to the percentage of the packaging that may be recycled by the consumer post use. The purpose of the PRI is to construct a simple label that would indicate the "greenness" of commercial packaging by considering total thermodynamic throughput. Building on the work of Frederick (1995) this work attempts to correct societal misunderstandings about product usage by looking at entropy rather than price as a measure of efficiency. This paper uses packaging data from Kell Container in Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin to develop the initial index as described above.
Gene dosage effect for glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase in human fibroblasts trisomic for chromosome 21

Abstract The mean activity of glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase of fibroblasts from fetuses with trisomy 21 is 1.64 — times that of normal cells. This gene dosage effect is confirmatory of the assignment of the gene for this enzyme to human chromosome 21.
Copper deficiency and sideroblastic anemia associated with zinc ingestion

Anemia and neutropenia developed in a man who took pharmacologic doses of supplemental zinc. Laboratory investigation showed high zinc level, hypocupremia, low ceruloplasmin level, and ringed sideroblasts. All resolved after withdrawal of zinc. Self-administered zinc appears to have caused severe copper deficiency, with secondary anemia and neutropenia. Physicians should be aware of this deleterious and completely reversible effect of megadose mineral therapy. Zinc ingestion or exposure should be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained anemia, leukopenia, or sideroblastic anemia.
“Do Me Please, She Won't”: An Examination of Personal Ads Posted by Married Men Seeking Sex from Other Men

Advances in technology have created new ways for individuals to find partners through personal ads seeking casual sexual encounters. This article examines self-identified married men who are seeking sexual encounters through placement of a men seeking men personal ad found on a free non-sexual large mainstream classified website. Three thousand advertisements were analyzed to reveal patterns among advertisements including items such as sexual act desired, sexual roles desired, race, and age. The results reveal that married men are seeking out different types of sexual encounters than men who do not identify themselves as married, desiring encounters more often during lunch, seeking out drug and disease free partners, desiring safe sex, and being more likely to desire a top or versatile sex role.
THE CLOISTERED PEN: PENETRATION AND CONCEPTION IN ELIZA KEARY'S “CHRISTINE AND MARY: A CORRESPONDENCE”

ELIZA KEARY (1828–1914) AND HER sister Annie (1825–1879) are two of many Victorian women writers whose works remain largely unexplored by scholars. Although Eliza Keary's poetry has been singled out as containing “unorthodox” rhyme and meter for the time period, a limited amount of criticism has taken Keary's work into consideration (Lustig).See Armstrong's comparison of Eliza Keary's “Christine and Mary” with Gerard Manley Hopkins's “The Wreck of the Deutschland” (26–28); Roden discusses the homoerotic and heteronormative aspects of “Christine and Mary.” He also locates Keary in a context of mysticism (“Religious Homoeroticism” 1–14). Her poetry's subject matter is also “unorthodox”: “Christine and Mary: A Correspondence,” the longest poem in Keary's first volume of poetry, Little Seal-Skin and Other Poems (1874), explores religious choices through sensual imagery which might not have had the sympathy, although probably did have the interest, of a mainstream Victorian readership.Analyses of religious and sexual spaces that intersect in Victorian literature have primarily centered on male writers such as Oscar Wilde, John Henry Newman, and Gerard Manley Hopkins. Roden's Same-Sex Desire in Victorian Religious Culture discusses these writers as well as Christina Rossetti and Eliza Keary in the context of mystic asceticism and sexuality. See Buckton for a discussion of Newman's autobiography as sexual self-confession; Saville deals with Hopkins's poetry in the context of his religion and his sexuality; Hanson's work addresses Oscar Wilde and the decadent movement within the contexts of Catholicism and homosexuality. An emphasis on the religious aspects of Victorian women's writings can be found in Krueger and Melnyk. See Roden's “‘Sisterhood Is Powerful’” and “The Kiss of the Soul” for more on Christina Rossetti. Keary's poem consists of a set of epistles between Mary, who has recently joined a Roman Catholic convent, and her female friend Christine, who remains outside of the cloister. While women in convents were typically depicted as repressed, unnatural, and unproductive since they chose not to seek marriage and motherhood, Keary's character Mary offers a version of the cloister in which women can express and fulfill their desires and are productive through creative enterprises. Keary's portrayal of the convent forces us to consider the ways in which conventual life during this time afforded some women a positive, creative, and fulfilling alternative to the more socially acceptable, although not necessarily socially- or self-empowering, roles of mother, wife, daughter, sister, or spinster.
Web-Based Job Submission Interface for the GAMESS Computational Chemistry Program

A Web site is described that facilitates use of the free computational chemistry software: General Atomic and Molecular Electronic Structure System (GAMESS). Its goal is to provide an opportunity for undergraduate students to perform computational chemistry experiments without the need to purchase expensive software.