cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complications of Acute Sinusitis in Children

OBJECTIVE: To review the demographic, microbiologic, and outcome data for children with complications of acute sinusitis.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective review of children admitted with complications of acute sinusitis from January 1995 to July 2002 to a tertiary care children's hospital.RESULTS: One hundred four patients were reviewed with the following complications: orbital cellullitis (51), orbital abscesses (44), epidural empyemas (7), subdural empyemas (6), intracerebral abscesses (2), meningitis (2), cavernous sinus thrombosis (1), and Pott's puffy tumors (3). Sixty-six percent were males (P < 0.001), and 64.4% presented from November to March (P < 0.001). Patients with isolated orbital complications were younger than patients with intracranial complications (mean, 6.5 versus 12.3 years), had a shorter stay (mean, 4.2 versus 16.6 days), and had shorter duration of symptoms (mean, 5.4 versus 14.3 days; all P < 0.0001). Complete resolution was documented for 54/55 patients with restricted ocu...
Nested-Model Simulation of Moist Convection: The Impact of Coarse-Grid Parameterized Convection on Fine-Grid Resolved Convection

Future-generation, operational, weather prediction systems will likely include storm-scale, limited-area models that will explicitly resolve convective precipitation. However, the high-resolution convection-resolving grids will need to be embedded, or nested, within coarser-resolution grids that will provide lateral-boundary conditions. It is the purpose of this study to illustrate how the convective environment on a convection-resolving stormscale model grid, and therefore the convection itself, can be significantly influenced by the treatment of convection on the coarser grids within which the fine grid is embedded. It was confirmed that, as in the actual atmosphere, mass-field adjustments resulting from convection in one area (the outer grids, in this case) affect the convection in other areas (the inner, convection-resolving grid). That is, the errors in precipitation timing, precipitation intensity, and the vertical distribution of latent heating, associated with the treatment of convection on the outer grids, greatly affect the explicit convection on the inner grid. In this case, the different precipitation parameterizations on the outer two grids produce up to a factor of 3 difference in the 24-h amount of explicit rainfall simulated on the inner grid. Even when the parameterization is limited to only the outer grid, with explicit precipitation on both the middle and inner grids, over a factor of 2 difference in 24-h total explicit rainfall is produced on the inner grid. The different precipitation parameterizations on the outer grids appear to differently modulate the intensity and the timing of the explicit convection on the inner grid through induced subsidence.
Immune Heterogeneity of Glioblastoma Subtypes: Extrapolation from the Cancer Genome Atlas

Purpose: The molecular heterogeneity of glioblastoma has been well recognized and has resulted in the generation of molecularly defined subtypes. These subtypes (classical, neural, mesenchymal, and proneural) are associated with particular signaling pathways and differential patient survival. Less understood is the correlation between these glioblastoma subtypes with immune system effector responses, immunosuppression, and tumor-associated and tumor-specific antigens. The role of the immune system is becoming increasingly relevant to treatment as new agents are being developed to target mediators of tumor-induced immunosuppression, which is well documented in glioblastoma. Experimental Design: To ascertain the association of antigen expression, immunosuppression, and effector response genes within glioblastoma subtypes, we analyzed the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) glioblastoma database. Results: We found an enrichment of genes within the mesenchymal subtype that are reflective of antitumor proinflammatory responses, including both adaptive and innate immunity and immunosuppression. Conclusions: These results indicate that distinct glioma antigens and immune genes show differential expression between glioblastoma subtypes and this may influence responses to immunotherapeutic strategies in patients depending on the subtype of glioblastoma they harbor. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(2); 112–22. ©2013 AACR .
An Evolving Set of Values-Based Principles for Career and Technical Education

The field of Career and Technical Education (CTE) in the United States has evolved over the past 100 years to serve a variety of populations. The touchstones of this evolution can be seen in the various forms of federal legislations that have been passed over these years to support and develop Career and Technical Education. From the initial Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 that funded vocational education at the secondary education level to the Carl D. Perkins Acts of recent times, one trend is clear: Career and Technical Education is becoming more expansive and inclusive.
Bursitis Due to Mycobacterium goodii, a Recently Described, Rapidly Growing Mycobacterium

We report a case of olecranon bursitis due to Mycobacterium goodii in a 60-year-old man. Prior to recognition of his infection, he received intrabursal steroids and underwent olecranon bursectomy. His infection was cured with antimicrobial therapy consisting of doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. This case illustrates that previously unrecognized members of the Mycobacterium smegmatis group of mycobacteria have pathogenic potential.
Infidelity Out in the Open

Abstract The crystal structures of DNA polymerase β in complex with two different mispairs (A-C and T-C) reveal that the two bases stack partially, rather than engage in hydrogen bonding with each other (Krahn et al., 2004, this issue of Structure ). The N-domain of the polymerase, which is closed when the correct nucleotide pairs with the template base, adopts a partially open conformation suboptimal for catalysis.
Matrix representations of the vector radiative-transfer theory for randomly distributed nonspherical particles

General matrix representations of the vector radiative-transfer equation for randomly distributed nonspherical particles are given with compact representations of the extinction matrix and the Mueller matrix. The propagation of the coherent Stokes vector and the coherency matrix in such a medium is expressed in matrix form. The extinction matrix is related to the generalized optical theorem for partially polarized waves. The first-order scattering solution of the Stokes vector is given in matrix form, and discussions of the Fourier expansion of the equation of transfer and the limitation of the equation of transfer are given.
Dance, Knowledge, and Power

Susanne K. Langer contributed an exhaustive account of aesthetics, Feeling and Form, in which she articulated her schema of the virtual and wove together the aesthetic elements of music, visual arts, dance, and literature/theater. This analysis of her work centers on two key concepts within her philosophy: the virtual as the aesthetic effect of the work and the perception of the work through intuition. In this paper, I re-read Langer’s philosophy through a perspective built on intersections between phenomenology, pragmatism, and post-structuralist theory in order to reveal the relevance of her work to current understandings of how the dancing body produces and conveys meaning. I endeavor to show how her work provides a practical, conceptual system for understanding dance as an a-linguistic form of meaning-making, bodily experience, and knowledge.
The Role of Parents in College Students' Sociopolitical Awareness, Academic, and Social Development

This study examined the relationship between parental contact (frequency of student-parent communication) and involvement (parents’ interest and/or involvement in students’ academic progress and decision-making) with college students’ personal, social, and academic development. Parental involvement accounted for over two-thirds of the significant relationships detected, most of which were positive. Parental contact produced only 10 significant relationships, half of which were negative. The results also reveal conditional effects by race, gender, social class, and year in college.
Pediatric Resident Exposure to Urology: Identifying a Need

Purpose: We evaluated current trends of pediatric urology exposure during the 3-year pediatric residency period nationwide. We also evaluated the opinions of urology and pediatric residency program directors regarding the need for additional exposure to pediatric urology.Materials and Methods: From February to October 2011 we administered 2 concurrent electronic surveys. One set was sent to urology residency program directors and the other was sent to pediatric residency program directors. The surveys consisted of 6 and 12 questions, respectively. The questions were created to best evaluate exposure to pediatric urology from the perspective of each cohort. Response data were analyzed using the chi-square test and case-control methods.Results: Of the 117 accredited urology residency program directors and 190 pediatric residency program directors 51 (43.5%) and 78 (41.1%), respectively, completed the survey. Urology program directors answered favorably by a margin of 66% toward increased involvement with pe...
Re-examination of the lunar magma ocean cumulate overturn hypothesis: melting or mixing is required

Abstract There is a long-standing hypothesis that the last fraction of the lunar magma ocean crystallized into a layer of dense, Ti-rich cumulate minerals at shallow depths (∼100 km) early in the moon’s history. Many questions remain about the stability of these high-Ti cumulates. It has been suggested that the cumulates subsequently sank deep into the moon because of gravitational instability, but high-Ti material is required at shallower depths by 3.5 Ga to create the high-Ti mare basalts and picritic glasses. The high-Ti material may have re-erupted from depth, or some or all of it may have remained at shallow depths throughout lunar history. Data on phase stabilities, bulk compositions, densities, and temperatures of melting and crystallizing in addition to results from numerical modeling suggest that the high-Ti cumulates would sink only under highly specific conditions. Five scenarios for sinking high-Ti cumulate materials are examined, and only two are found plausible. In particular, it is found that simple sinking of solidified high-Ti cumulates is unlikely because the temperature at which the cumulates solidify is low, and viscosity under these conditions is very high. It is, however, possible that high-Ti cumulates mixed with a substantial fraction of olivine would have viscosity low enough to allow them to sink as solids. Further, because clinopyroxene and ilmenite melt in a ratio of 2:1, remelted high-Ti cumulates would be negatively buoyant and sink as liquids, percolating downward through the underlying mantle and beginning to recrystallize ilmenite at 200 km depth, making a hybrid, heterogeneous mantle.
Liver-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Chronic Human Hepatitis C Virus Infection Display an Exhausted Phenotype with High Levels of PD-1 and Low Levels of CD127 Expression

The majority of people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) fail to generate or maintain a T-cell response effective for viral clearance. Evidence from murine chronic viral infections shows that expression of the coinhibitory molecule PD-1 predicts CD8+ antiviral T-cell exhaustion and may contribute to inadequate pathogen control. To investigate whether human CD8+ T cells express PD-1 and demonstrate a dysfunctional phenotype during chronic HCV infection, peripheral and intrahepatic HCV-specific CD8+ T cells were examined. We found that in chronic HCV infection, peripheral HCV-specific T cells express high levels of PD-1 and that blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction led to an enhanced proliferative capacity. Importantly, intrahepatic HCV-specific T cells, in contrast to those in the periphery, express not only high levels of PD-1 but also decreased interleukin-7 receptor alpha (CD127), an exhausted phenotype that was HCV antigen specific and compartmentalized to the liver, the site of viral replication.
Morphologic and functional studies of mouse hepatocytes in primary culture

Mouse liver cells in primary culture were evaluated by high-resolution light microscopy (HRLM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cells after 2 hours of culture in L-15 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum were spherical in shape, and were either individual or in small clusters of up to ten cells. Following 1 day in culture, hepatocytes were flattened and usually found in groups. Bile canaliculus-like structures were apparent between hepatocytes. Tight junctions and desmosomes were also present along adjacent plasma membranes. Autophagic vacuoles were seen within the cytoplasm. After 2 days in culture, hepatocytes appeared more elongated and flattened than in earlier sampling periods. Both autophagic and clear vacuoles were seen in the cytoplasm. Mitochondria were present in a variety of shapes and sizes. Small bundles of microfilaments were frequently seen in the basal region of cross-sectioned cells. From the fourth until the eighth day in culture, hepatocytes displayed further progression of the morphologic changes seen after 2 days. Nuclear elongation and the projection of cytoplasmic pseudoinclusions into the nucleus were also evident after 4 days. Cytoplasmic and nuclear changes were eventually observed in all hepatocytes by the eighth day of culture. DNA synthesis in the cells during culture was investigated by autoradiography. The percentage of S-phase labeled cells was 0.1% after 1 day of culture. The labeling index increased to 1.02%, 3.14%, and 5.88% after 2, 4, and 6 days of culture, respectively. Synthesis of albumin by the liver cells was also detectable during the first 8 days of primary culture. A gradual drop in albumin synthesis was noted with increased time in culture. The percentage of hepatocytes that histochemically stained for gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) progressively increased from 0.01% of the cells after 2 hours culture to 3.14% of the cells after 8 days of culture.
Abortion as Health Care

In “Rethinking Roe v. Wade: Defending the Abortion Right in the Face of Contemporary Opposition,” Professor Bertha Alvarez Manninen, concerned about the apparent renewed vigor and boldness with whi...
Family Goals in Infant Intervention: Analysis and Issues

In October, 1987, the U.S. Department of Education issued a call to the field soliciting examples of Individualized Family Service Plans (IFSP) written for infants and toddlers with handicaps and t...
Unusual imaging presentations in renal transitional cell carcinoma

Purpose: to report on unusual imaging presentations in renal transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)Material and Methods: Imaging studies of 140 cases of pathologically proven renal TCC were retrospectively studied with the focus on unusual presentationsResults: Unusual imaging manifestations were found in 20 cases (14.3%). These findings were classified into 5 categories: perirenal abscesses or perirenal hematomas in 6 cases; parenchymal masses in 5; undue thickening of the hydronephrotic wall in 4; “tuberculoid” pyelograms in 3; and tumors with massive necrosis in 2Conclusion: Deceptive imaging presentations may occur in renal TCC. Recognition of these presentations may help to prevent delay in diagnosis
Extended Longevity in Drosophila Is Consistently Associated With a Decrease in Developmental Viability

It has proven relatively easy to select normal-lived strains of Drosophila for extended longevity in the laboratory. Long-lived strains have not been observed in the wild as yet. Of the various life-history traits that have been investigated for their role in modulating the evolution of extended longevity, none have yet shown a consistent or convincing relationship. Other than developmental time, the traits usually investigated in this regard are those associated with the adult phase of the life cycle. We assayed developmental timing and viability in six pairs of normal- and long-lived strains, four pairs of which are from previously described strains and two pairs of which are new strains that have been independently and recently selected. We find that the life-history trait most obviously associated with all our long-lived strains is a significantly reduced developmental viability, with the long-lived strains' having as much as twice the developmental lethality as do any of the normal-lived strains. The long-lived strains also pupate closer to the food, a behavior known to decrease fitness. Thus the reduced fitness of the long-lived strains appears to be due to both physiological and behavioral factors and may well explain why long lived strains are not usually found in the wild. The extension of longevity involves costs as well as benefits that, in this case, are borne by different individuals.
Arithmetic circuits using new single-phase partially-adiabatic logic family

This paper proposes a single-phase partially-adiabatic logic family and compares its energy characteristics with other adiabatic families by simulating a full-adder (FA) and an 8-bit carry-lookahead adder (CLA). Full-adder simulation results show that the proposed family uses up to 79% less energy compared to its CMOS equivalent and up to 67% less than other adiabatic implementations. The proposed 8-bit adiabatic CLA performs at least as well as the next best implementation while using a single phase clock instead of a four-phase clock.
An Expert System for Diagnosing Performance Problems in SNA Networks

We describe an expert system that detects and diagnoses performance problems in Systems Network Architecture (SNA) communications networks. The system uses performance data obtained by IBM’s NetView Performance Monitor. The system has been tested against simulated SNA networks.
Treatment of Acne in Pregnancy

Acne vulgaris is a common disease of the pilosebaceous unit and affects adolescents and adults. Because high-quality guidelines regarding treatment of acne in pregnancy are scarce, management of this condition can be challenging. We describe the safety profile of common therapies and outline approaches based on available evidence. Topical azelaic acid or benzoyl peroxide can be recommended as baseline therapy. A combination of topical erythromycin or clindamycin with benzoyl peroxide is recommended for inflammatory acne. Oral erythromycin or cephalexin is generally considered safe for moderate to severe inflammatory acne when used for a few weeks. A short course of oral prednisolone may be useful for treating fulminant nodular cystic acne after the first trimester. In general, topical and oral antibiotics should not be used as monotherapy, but combined with topical benzoyl peroxide to decrease bacterial resistance. Oral retinoids are teratogenic and absolutely contraindicated for women who are pregnant or considering pregnancy. Although some complementary therapies including micronutrients and nonpharmacologic treatments seem to be well tolerated, limited data exist regarding their safety and efficacy, and they are not currently recommended during pregnancy. The risk-to-benefit ratio, efficacy, acceptability, and costs are considerations when choosing a treatment for acne in pregnancy.
Modular Control of Human Walking: A Modeling and Simulation Study

Recent evidence suggests that performance of complex locomotor tasks such as walking may be accomplished using a simple underlying organization of co-active muscles, or “modules”, which have been assumed to be structured to perform task-specific biomechanical functions (e.g., to provide body support and forward propulsion). Modular organization has been shown to explain muscle activity across a wide range of walking speeds, levels of body weight support and other combined movement tasks (e.g., [1]). However, no study has explicitly tested whether the modules would actually produce the biomechanical functions associated with them or even produce a well-coordinated movement. The purpose of this study was to generate muscle-actuated forward dynamics simulations of normal healthy walking using muscle activation modules identified using nonnegative matrix factorization as the muscle control inputs to a) assess whether the modules are sufficient to produce well-coordinated walking, and b) identify the contributions of each module to the necessary biomechanical walking sub-tasks of body support, forward propulsion and leg swing. This analysis will critically assess the functional output of the previously identified modular organization of muscle activity in walking and investigate whether it provides a foundation for the neuromotor control of human locomotion.© 2009 ASME
Nitrous oxide and methane fluxes from cattle excrement on C3 pasture and C4-dominated shortgrass steppe

Abstract Cattle play a major role in nutrient cycling of grassland ecosystems through biomass removal and excrement deposition (urine and feces). We studied the effects of cattle excrement patches (urine at 430 and feces at 940 kg N ha−1) on nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) fluxes using semi-static chambers on cool-season (C3), Bozoisky-select (Psathyrostachys juncea) pasture, and warm-season (C4)-dominated native rangeland of the shortgrass steppe (SGS) in northeastern Colorado. Nitrous oxide emission factors (EF; i.e., percent of added N emitted as N2O N) did not differ between urine and feces on the C4-dominated native rangeland (0.11 and 0.10%) and C3 pasture (0.13 and 0.10%). These EFs are substantially less than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 Default EF (2%) for manure deposited on pasture, indicating that during dry years the IPCC Tier 1 Default EF would result in a significant overestimation of emissions from excrement patches deposited on SGS C4-dominated native rangeland and C3 pasture. Over the first year of the study (19 June 2012–18 June 2013), cumulative CH4 uptake was 38% greater for urine (−1.49 vs. −1.08 kg CH4 C ha−1) and 28% greater for control plots (−2.09 vs. −1.63 kg CH4 C ha−1) on C4-dominated native rangeland compared to C3 pasture. In contrast, feces patches were net sources of CH4 with emissions from the C3 pasture (0.64 kg CH4 C ha−1) 113% greater than the C4-dominated native rangeland (0.30 kg CH4 C ha−1). Conversion of C4-dominated native rangeland to C3 pasture can have long term effects on CH4 uptake; therefore consideration should be taken before implementing this management practice.
Gastric surgery for morbid obesity

Gastric reduction operations were developed because of the unavailability of an effective nonsurgical treatment for a morbidand lethal disease called severe obesity. Gastric bypass and vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) are the two most frequently used operations today. Lessons from the last 25 years that decrease risk, reoperation rate, and unwanted side effects are reviewed. VBG is the operation of choice.
Spatial Relations of House Dust Mites

Since 1964, when Voorhorst et al. published data that demonstrated a relationship between Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Trouessart and house dust allergy, much related work has been done in many countries (Bronswijk and Sinha, 1971). In surveys of household surfaces for mites many different species have been found but the most frequent are D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae, (Wharton, 1970). These two species can be cultured in the laboratory by a number of methods. In this paper differences in behavior of these two species will be reported.
Toward a Theory of Membership Association Finance

This article explores patterns in membership associations’ portfolios. It compares and contrasts portfolio theory, which predicts variety in revenue portfolios, with a newer benefits theory, which postulates that revenue options are constrained by the balance between the member benefits and societal benefits they produce. The research makes use of a new database that more accurately measures dues and program service revenue of associations than other databases. The weight of the evidence supports benefits theory more strongly than revenue portfolio theory. This research incidentally finds that revenue concentration increases with size and decreases with real estate ownership. The article introduces the concepts of one-off entry and exit costs on members (tariffs), which tend to reduce members’ sensitivity to the level of dues. Indeed, dues are often dominant among the associations having presumptively high tariffs, such as trade unions and certain recreational clubs.
The Handbook of Gestalt Therapy

(1979). The Handbook of Gestalt Therapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 581-584.
Biomarker Profile of Sepsis-Associated Coagulopathy Using Biochip Assay for Inflammatory Cytokines:

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a major pathophysiological mechanism of sepsis and greatly increases the risk of death in septic patients. Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a complex physiological phenomenon that involves inappropriate activation of coagulation, inflammation, and endothelial processes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the plasma of patients with DIC in order to compare the measured levels with those from healthy individuals, draw correlations, and provide a basis for further biomarker panel development. The inflammatory biomarkers interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon (IFN) γ, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) showed significant ( P < .05) elevation in patients with DIC. Interestingly, while numerous correlations were present between IL-β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MCP-1, and many of the inflammatory cytokines measured, VEGF and EGF exhibited much less extensive correlation, suggesting that their involvement in DIC may be independent of the other investigated inflammatory markers.
Lessons in Dialogue System Deployment

We analyze deployment of an interactive dialogue system in an environment where deep technical expertise might not be readily available. The initial version was created using a collection of research tools. We summarize a number of challenges with its deployment at two museums and describe a new system that simplifies the installation and user interface; reduces reliance on 3rd-party software; and provides a robust data collection mechanism.
“FREIDA (framework of resources for modeling energy/environmental/economic impacts of development and advancements) in ports”: A portfolio of interactive information resources, and an illustrative energy sector analysis

Coastal communities constitute ∼40% of the total U.S. population, and roughly 50% of the national GDP is attributed to socio-economic activities in these regions. Port system operations and related industries constitute a majority of the industrial activities occurring in the region. This paper presents preliminary results from our work on the development of “FREIDA in Ports”: an interactive information resource and modeling framework for port communities, that may be used to enhance resilience to extreme weather events and enable sustainable development. Because of the complex nature of port activities and its interconnections with the social, political, economic and environmental aspects of the coastal communities, it is often very difficult to map out a comprehensive humanitarian adaptation plan for sustainable port and industrial operations in the region. The framework of information resources includes a broad range of agents and related data/modeling resources that could play a key role in building port communities resilient to natural disasters and environmental impacts of industrial operations in the region. A subsequent section explores possible policy recommendations, disaster management and pollution mitigation techniques that could be designed based on data organized via the information framework. The illustrative scenario analysis discusses the impacts of catastrophic weather events on the U.S. energy sector using U.S. EPA's MARKAL model. Resulting impacts on energy generation mix, air emissions, and energy prices are presented in detail, in addition to a detailed outline of the modeling technique, and a summary of the overall results.
A Pedagogic Approach To Visualization In Special Relativity

Special Relativity is often seen as a conceptually difficult topic, which in turn is difficult to effectively teach. This work focuses on the role of visualizations as a tool in teaching Special Relativity at the secondary or university level. The Theory Of Conceptual Fields proposed by Gerard Vergnaud is used to analyze the conceptualization process in learning Special Relativity so that the "breakpoints" in this process can be identified. Visualizations as a didactic tool are then presented to rectify these breakpoints and in general support the conceptualization process. The primary focus here is on Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction in combination with optical distortion due to the finite speed of light, eventually leading to the Penrose-Terrell Rotation effect in three dimensions. Python is used to create a series of images and animations showcasing different objects made of self-luminous rods at various relativistic speeds as seen by an "observer", pedagogically so that the breakpoints previously mentioned can be handled.
Differential Games of Multiple Agents and Geometric Structures

1 Center for Applied Optimization, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida,Gainesville, FL 32611, USA pardalos@ufl.edu 2 Center for Applied Optimization, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida,Gainesville, FL 32611, USA yatsenko@ufl.edu 3 Center for Applied Optimization, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida,Gainesville, FL 32611, USA altannar@ufl.edu 4 Center for Applied Optimization, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Florida,Gainesville, FL 32611, USA artyom@ufl.edu
Are Legislators More Responsive to Public Opinion on Salient Issues

Are legislators more responsive to public opinion on salient issues? A large literature indicates that the answer is yes. Due to insufficient district-level sample sizes, however, past studies have focused on small sets of issues. This study moves beyond previous work by comparing legislators’ votes on a large number of roll call votes from the 107-111th Congresses directly to public opinion on those issues. I find that members of Congress are generally responsive to public opinion on individual issues. But they are not more responsive to their average constituent on salient issues. Instead, representatives are more responsive to their partisan sub-constituency on salient issues. In addition, legislators’ roll calls are more likely to be congruent with the opinion of a majority of their partisans on the most salient issues. Taken together, these findings suggest that increasing the salience of issues to the mass public is not a panacea for improving democratic performance in Congress. In fact, the ideological extremes in American politics appear to be even more powerful on the most salient issues.
“Sing to the Lord a new song”: The development and influence of Minnan hymns

It is a typical Sunday morning at Gulangyu’s Trinity Church. Choir members on the stage and those in attendance sing in unison “What a Friend We Have in Jesus,” one of the most familiar and beloved hymns of the Amoy Hymnal .
Analysis of mutational signatures in primary and metastatic endometrial cancer reveals distinct patterns of DNA repair defects and shifts during tumor progression.

Abstract Objective Mutational signatures provide insights into the biological processes shaping tumor genomes and may inform patient therapy. We sought to define the mutational signatures of i) endometrioid and serous endometrial carcinomas (ECs), stratified into the four molecular subtypes, ii) uterine carcinosarcomas, and iii) matched primary and metastatic ECs. Methods Whole-exome sequencing MC3 data from primary endometrioid and serous carcinomas (n = 232) and uterine carcinosarcomas (n = 57) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and matched primary and metastatic ECs (n = 61, 26 patients) were reanalyzed, subjected to mutational signature analysis using deconstructSigs, and correlated with clinicopathologic and genomic data. Results POLE (ultramutated) and MSI (hypermutated) molecular subtypes displayed dominant mutational signatures associated with POLE mutations (15/17 cases) and microsatellite instability (55/65 cases), respectively. Most endometrioid and serous carcinomas of copy-number low (endometrioid) and copy-number high (serous-like) molecular subtypes, and carcinosarcomas displayed a dominant aging-associated signature 1. Only 15% (9/60) of copy-number high (serous-like) ECs had a dominant signature 3 (homologous recombination DNA repair deficiency (HRD)-related), a prevalence significantly lower than that found in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (54%, p Conclusions The mutational processes underpinning ECs vary even among tumors of the same TCGA molecular subtype and in the progression from primary to metastatic ECs. Only a minority of copy-number high (serous-like) ECs display genomics features of HRD and would likely benefit from HRD-directed therapies.
A Comparison of High School Boys' and Girls' Lacrosse Injuries: Academic Years 2008-2009 Through 2015-2016.

Context The sex-based differences in the structure and rules of boys' and girls' lacrosse result in very different styles of play, which may have significant implications for the rates and patterns...
Late Relapses in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With Immunochemotherapy.

PURPOSEIn patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), most relapses occur within the first 2 years of diagnosis. We sought to define the rate and outcome of late relapses that occurred aft...
Ileal Sleeve Procedure for the Decompensated Ureter

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses ileal sleeve procedure for the decompensated ureter. Ileal or sigmoid loop diversion, even if placed in the renal pelvis, has rarely resulted in a stable renal situation when serious ureteral and pelvic dilatation has been present. A method consisting of wrapping the ureter from renal pelvis to pelvic ureter with a segment of ileum, known as ileal sleeve, can be developed. The basis for this procedure was envisioned as assisted ureteral peristalsis by a close-fitting sleeve of ileum. The technique of the operation involves isolating a sufficient length of ileum with its vascular pedicle, opening the segment by longitudinal incision along its antimesenteric border, stripping the mucosa, narrowing it as necessary by longitudinal excision, and then applying it about the freed ureter as an isoperistaltic seromuscular sleeve. The sleeve is sutured snugly around and to the ureter.
RumorSleuth: joint detection of rumor veracity and user stance

The penetration of social media has had deep and far-reaching consequences in information production and consumption. Widespread use of social media platforms has engendered malicious users and attention seekers to spread rumors and fake news. This trend is particularly evident in various microblogging platforms where news becomes viral in a matter of hours and can lead to mass panic and confusion. One intriguing fact regarding rumors and fake news is that very often rumor stories prompt users to adopt different stances about the rumor posts. Understanding user stances in rumor posts is thus very important to identify the veracity of the underlying content. While rumor veracity and stance detection have been viewed as disjoint tasks we demonstrate here how jointly learning both of them can be fruitful. In this paper, we propose RumorSleuth, a multitask deep learning model which can leverage both the textual information and user profile information to jointly identify the veracity of a rumor along with users' stances. Tests on two publicly available rumor datasets demonstrate that RumorSleuth outperforms current state-of-the-art models and achieves up to 14% performance gain in rumor veracity classification and around 6% improvement in user stance classification.
On Nonlocal Problems with Inhomogeneous Local Boundary Conditions

This work aims to provide a comprehensive treatment on how to enforce inhomogeneous local boundary conditions (BC) in nonlocal problems in 1D. In prior work, we have presented novel governing operators with homogeneous BC. Here, we extend the construction to inhomogeneous BC. The construction of the operators is inspired by peridynamics. The operators agree with the original peridynamic operator in the bulk of the domain and simultaneously enforce local Dirichlet or Neumann BC. We explain methodically how to construct forcing functions to enforce local BC and their relationship to initial values. We present exact solutions with both homogeneous and inhomogeneous BC and utilize the resulting error to verify numerical experiments. We explain the critical role of the Hilbert-Schmidt property in enforcing local BC rigorously. For the Neumann BC, we prescribe an interpolation strategy to find the appropriate value of the forcing function from its derivative. We also present numerical experiments with unknown solution and report the computed displacement and strain fields.
Psychosis-Relevant Effects of Intravenous Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol: A Mega Analysis of Individual Participant-Data from Human Laboratory Studies.

INTRODUCTION There is increasing interest in the relationship between cannabinoids and psychosis. While individual human laboratory studies have been critical in demonstrating that cannabinoids (e.g., delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC]) can induce acute transient psychosis-like effects in healthy human volunteers, combining data from multiple studies offers a fine-grained view of these effects. METHODS THC-induced psychosis-relevant effects were examined using a data repository of 10 double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover studies with 400 i.v. THC infusions in healthy human volunteers. The Positive and Negative Syndrome scale was used to measure psychotomimetic effects. The profile of symptoms, frequency of a response, its relationship to THC dose and substance use, latent structure in Positive and Negative Syndrome scale response, and the relationships between psychotomimetic and perceptual alteration symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS Clinically meaningful increases in positive symptoms were noted in 44.75% infusions; conceptual disorganization, hallucinations, blunted affect, somatic concern, motor retardation, and poor attention were the items most frequently altered by THC. The increase in Positive and Negative Syndrome scale positive symptoms was positively associated with THC dose (beta = 11.13, SE = 4.94, Wald χ 2 = 19.88, P < .001) and negatively associated with frequent cannabis use (beta = -0.575, SE = 0.14, Wald χ 2 = 18.13, P < .001). Furthermore, positive symptoms were strongly correlated with Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale perceptual alterations score (rs = 0.514, P < .001). CONCLUSION Intravenous administration of THC consistently induces psychotomimetic effects that include symptoms across Positive and Negative Syndrome scale domains. Moreover, healthy individuals who frequently use cannabis have a blunted psychotomimetic response.
Transoral Endoscopic Parathyroidectomy Vestibular Approach (TOEPVA)

Parathyroidectomy is the primary and the most effective treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism. A four-gland exploration has traditionally been considered the gold standard surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. The move toward a focused parathyroidectomy over the last two decades has been driven by advances in imaging technology as well as the use of operative adjuncts like intraoperative parathyroid hormone level testing. Focused parathyroidectomy has several advantages. It helps limit the amount of dissection, thereby decreasing the duration of surgery. It minimizes the risk to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and is associated with a shorter postoperative recovery, leading to better patient satisfaction [1–3]. Despite these benefits, it still requires a cervical incision with a resultant scar.
Reflect, Revisit, Reimagine: Ethnography of Language Policy and Planning

Tracing applied linguists’ interests in language policy and planning (LPP) as reflected in the pages of the Annual Review of Applied Linguistics since its founding in 1980, I focus on the emergence of, and current boom in, ethnographic LPP research. I draw on the ethnographic concept of ideological and implementational LPP spaces as scalar, layered policies and practices influencing each other, mutually reinforcing, wedging, and transforming ideology through implementation and vice versa. Doing so highlights how the perennial policy-practice gap is given nuance through exploration of the intertwining dynamics of top-down/bottom-up language planning activities and processes, monoglossic/heteroglossic language ideologies and practices, potential equality/actual inequality of languages, and critical/transformative research paradigms in LPP.
Prevalence and new host records of nasal mites (Acari: Rhinonyssidae: Ereynetidae: Turbinoptidae) in birds from Arkansas and Illinois (United States)

Avian nasal mites are obligate endoparasites that spend their entire life in the respiratory system of birds. In North America, bird nasal mites are represented by several unrelated families in thr...
The Anadromous Hickory Shad (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae, Alosa mediocris [Mitchill 1814]): Morphometric and Meristic Variation

Abstract The anadromous Hickory Shad Alosa mediocris (Mitchill, 1814) (Clupeiformes: Clupeidae) is reviewed, specifically regarding morphometric and meristic variation. Despite its long history as recognized species, few descriptions of Hickory Shad morphometric and meristic characters exist in the literature. Most authors of the historic literature have failed to provide capture location for specimens, analyze large numbers of Hickory Shad, or document how morphometric and meristic characters of the species vary spatially. To address this information gap, a total of 717 mature Hickory Shad were collected from 23 different locations in Maryland, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida using electroshocking, gill net, or rod and reel. All specimens were frozen, thawed, and 17 morphometric characters and four meristic characters were examined; a random subset (n = 463) were analyzed for an additional four meristic counts of gill rakers. Overall specimens ranged from 206-389 mm SL with a mean + SD of 278.41 + 27.69 mm, 232-435 mm FL with a mean of 310.98 + 30.35 mm, and 272-508 mm TL with a mean of 365.62 + 35.52 mm. The linear relationships between FL and TL, and FL and SL, were investigated and found to be: TL = 1.169*FL + 1.660 (n=705, r2=0.995) and SL = 0.909*FL - 4.274 (n=717, r2=0.992). Substantial differences in character means for many morphometric measurements were found between male and female specimens, suggesting strong sexual dimorphisms relating to shape. However, meristic characters did not show differences in character means by sex. No one morphometric measurement could distinguish Hickory Shad from other morphologically similar clupeids, but the meristic count of gill rakers on the lower limb of the first arch were important to separate Hickory Shad (19-22) from American Shad A. sapidissima (Wilson, 1811), Alewife A. pseudoharengus (Wilson, 1811), and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis (Mitchill, 1814).
The Mentor–Mentee Faculty Relationship: Cases of Reciprocal Learning and Leading

An assigned mentor/mentee relationship (Raven–Craig) and a chosen mentor/mentee relationship (Davis–Craig), respectively, placed an assistant professor in science education and an associate professor in technology and teacher education under the tutelage of a senior professor who is the teaching and teacher education program lead. An invitation was subsequently extended for both mentees to join their mentor as members of the Faculty Academy. This helped them to expand their communities of knowing and to meet other regional teacher educators occupying the same positions, facing the same promotion-tenure challenges and/or researching the same topics as themselves. The Faculty Academy experience made what could have been surface level relationships more authentic and genuine because relevant, reciprocal learning in the midst of community naturally unfurled.
How to Assemble an Arterial Line Transducer

Arterial lines are a common monitor in the operating room. As a trainee, it is important to know how to prepare one’s equipment in a timely fashion. This chapter reviews how to assemble an arterial line transducer.
Essential Tremor versus “ET-plus”: A Detailed Postmortem Study of Cerebellar Pathology

Essential tremor (ET) is among the most prevalent movement disorders, and by some accounts, the most common form of cerebellar degeneration. Over the past 15 years, we have carefully documented a large number of postmortem changes within the cerebellum; these cerebellar changes differ significantly between ET and controls. A recent Consensus Classification of tremor proposed that ET patients with other neurological signs aside from action tremor (e.g., parkinsonism, ataxia, cognitive changes, dystonia) should be segregated off as “ET-plus”. This diagnostic concept has raised considerable controversy and its validity is not yet established. Indeed, “ET-plus” has not been distinguished from ET based on differences in genetics, pathology or prognosis. Here we determine whether ET cases differ from "ET-plus" cases in underlying pathological changes in the postmortem brain. We examined postmortem brains from 50 ET cases (24 ET and 26 ET-plus), using a set of 14 quantitative metrics of cerebellar pathology determined by histologic and immunohistochemical methods. These metrics reflect changes across the Purkinje cell (PC) body (PC counts, empty baskets, heterotopias), PC dendrites (swellings), PC axon (torpedoes and associated axonal changes), basket cell axonal hypertrophy and climbing fiber-PC dendrite synaptic changes. ET and ET-plus were similar with respect to 13 of 14 cerebellar pathologic metrics (p > 0.05). Only one metric, the linear density of thickened PC axon profiles, differed between these groups (ET = 0.529 ± 0.397, ET-plus = 0.777 ± 0.477, p = 0.013), although after correcting for multiple comparisons, there were no differences. If ET-plus were indeed a different entity, then the underlying pathological basis should be distinct from that of ET. This study demonstrated there were no pathological differences in cerebellar cortex between ET versus ET-plus cases. These data do not support the notion that ET and ET-plus represent distinct clinical-pathological entities.
Norovirus Causes Pediatric Encephalopathy and Status Epilepticus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Norovirus is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. The disease can present with varying degrees of neurologic impairment from benign convulsions to rare cases of severe encephalopathy. We describe a case report of a North American infant who presented with norovirus gastroenteritis, status epilepticus, severe encephalopathy, and abnormal but reversible diffusion restriction changes on magnetic resonance imaging of brain.