cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Everett Cherrington Hughes A Tribute to a Pioneer in the Study of Work and Occupations

This article pays tribute to Everett Cherrington Hughes. The focus is on Hughes the person as opposed to Hughes the scholar. However, for Everett there was no arbitrary separation of the two. The hallmark of his career was his endless curiosity. He never tired of observing, and drew upon sources as diverse as members of his family and peoples around the world. He insisted on analysis grounded in data gathered with an open mind. Although he made numerous contributions to the substantive area of work and occupations, he prided himself on being a generalist; he saw studying occupations as a way of studying society.
Remembering the Trojan War: Violence Past, Present, and Future in Benoît de Sainte-Maure's Roman de Troie

At the intersection of literature and history, three “antique romances” initiated a new genre in the mid-twelfth century by transposing into French the great stories of Greek and Latin epic: the fratricidal war of Oedipus's sons in the Roman de Thebes, the founding of Rome in the Eneas, and the Roman de Troie's Trojan War based on Dares and Dictys. Rejecting Homer's version for these “eyewitness” accounts, Benoit de Sainte-Maure translated the full history of the Trojan War from its beginning in the tale of Jason and the Argonauts to the annihilation of Troy and the victors’ unhappy homecomings. The myth of Trojan descent claimed by many European rulers, including the British and Normans, gives Benoit's translation more than entertainment value for his first public, the Plantagenet court of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. Indeed, while repeatedly assuring his readers that this great estoire, story and history, will provide pleasurable enjoyment, Benoit also signals a more serious intent by invoking Sol...
The Influence of Tonal and Atonal Contexts on Error Detection Accuracy

Music education students (N = 21) at a university in the southeastern United States took an error detection test that had been designed for this study to determine the effects of tonal contexts versus atonal contexts on the ability to detect performance errors. The investigator composed 16 melodies, 8 of which were tonal and 8 of which were atonal. The test administered included 18 planned errors, 9 in tonal melodies and 9 in atonal melodies, and errors were balanced between the two sets of melodies for error duration and error interval. These melodies were performed live for the participants, who were asked to identify where errors took place in the performance. Participant test scores were calculated, and mean scores were generated for each individual error. Each error was then classified according to its attributes of tonal context, interval deviation, and duration. Interval deviation and duration did not significantly affect error detection scores, while tonal context did. More specifically, errors in...
Response from A. R. LeSchack

I refer to the paper by Joel Moses in the SIGSAM Bulletin Number 13 (December 1969), received today. In the example beginning near the bottom of page 25, the author refers to a "...potentially controversial disagreement between the program and the table.....," involving a term which is either 2ap2 or 3ap2. Evidently neither the author nor W. D. Maurer, given as the source of the table in question, was able to resolve the disagreement.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A=176

Evaluated spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reaction studies are presented for all nuclei with mass number A = 176. This evaluation for A = 176 supersedes the earlier one by E. Browne and Huo Junde (1998Br13), published in Nuclear Data Sheets 84, 337 (1998).
Streptolysin O Inhibits Clathrin-Dependent Internalization of Group A Streptococcus

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) can be internalized by epithelial cells, including keratinocytes from human skin or pharyngeal epithelium. Internalization of GAS by epithelial cells has been postulated both to play a role in host defense and to provide a sanctuary site for GAS survival. The cholesterol-binding cytolysin streptolysin O (SLO) appears to enhance virulence in part by inhibiting GAS internalization by human keratinocytes and by disrupting the lysosomal degradation of internalized GAS. We now report that low-level production of SLO by an inducible expression system reduced GAS internalization by keratinocytes. Induced SLO expression also prevented lysosomal colocalization with intracellular bacteria and acidification of GAS-containing vacuoles. Exogenous recombinant SLO mimicked the inhibitory effect of SLO secretion on GAS entry but not that on colocalization with the lysosomal marker LAMP-1, implying that disruption of lysosomal degradation requires intracellular secretion of SLO. The internalization of SLO-negative GAS was blocked by the depletion of host cell cholesterol and by the inhibition or knocking down of the expression of clathrin or dynamin. SLO also inhibited the cellular uptake of other cargos that are internalized by clathrin-mediated uptake or by macropinocytosis. We conclude that SLO interferes with the internalization of GAS through local perturbation of the keratinocyte cell membrane and disruption of a clathrin-dependent uptake pathway.
Natural Frequencies of a Structure with Bounded Uncertainty

Frequency analysis of a structural system with bounded uncertainty is presented. An interval (set-theoretic) formulation is used to quantify the uncertainty present in the structure’s parameters such as material properties. Independent variations for each element are considered. Using the developed interval finite-element method, it is proven that, in the presence of any physically allowable uncertainty in the structural stiffness, the solutions to two deterministic problems are sufficient to obtain the exact bounds on the system’s fundamental frequencies. Therefore, calculating the bounds on frequencies does not require a combinatorial solution procedure. Several example problems that illustrate the developed algorithm with comparison to existing interval eigenvalue solution are presented. The solutions show no overestimation in the bounds of calculated frequencies which has been a difficulty with other interval procedures.
Linear placement for static/dynamic reconfiguration in JBits

Placement of functional units on an FPGA fabric is a challenging problem for runtime reconfigurable computing systems. We introduce the concept of physical contexts to greatly reduce the complexity of the placement and routing problems. We have implemented static and dynamic linear placement methods for expression trees placed in physical contexts. Our placement algorithms are implemented in the JBits environment, creating a layer of a hardware operating system for future reconfigurable computing systems.
Arteriovenous shunts in dilated or reperfused canine coronary vasculature.

Abstract Arteriovenous shunts in the coronary circulation were investigated by measuring the passage of microspheres, 7–10 μm in diameter, through the coronary vascular bed of anesthetized open-chest dogs. In Group I (12 dogs), the left common coronary artery was cannulated and perfused with arterial blood at aortic pressure. Venous blood was collected from the coronary sinus. In Group IA (six dogs), the following measurements of percentage shunt flow were made: control, 2.0 ± 0.2%; reactive hyperemia following 20-sec coronary artery occlusion, 1.8 ± 0.2%; coronary dilation with adenosine, 2.0 ± 0.1%. In Group IB (six dogs), the following observations were made: control, 1.8 ± 0.7%; coronary dilation with adenosine and perfusion pressure elevated to 170 mm Hg, 2.4 ± 0.5%; systemic hypoxia due to inhalation of nitrogen and perfusion pressure elevated to 170 mm Hg, 4.2 ± 0.9%. Only under the hypoxic condition was the percentage shunt flow significantly elevated above the control condition. In Group II (six dogs), the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was cannulated and perfused, and the ascending coronary vein was cannulated for collection of venous blood. For 2 hr, the LAD perfusion line was clamped. Upon reperfusion of the LAD vasculature, the following observations of shunt flow were made: at 5 min, 2.2 ± 0.7%; at 1 hr, 2.5 ± 0.8%; at 2 hr, 2.8 ± 2.0%. These values did not significantly differ among themselves or from the control observations in Group I.
Modernisation of Sri Lanka's Traditional Irrigation Systems and Sustainability*

Arnold Toynbee described the ancient irrigation system of Sri Lanka as an amazing system of irrigated agriculture, which developed over a millennium. It was partially transformed during its encounter with British colonialism with new values, technological systems, administrative structures and a legal code. After the independence in 1948, this transformation continued with foreign aid and technical expertise from the West.The shortcomings of modern irrigation systems with respect to planning, policy and sustainability are now recognised (WCDD 2000). Here, it is argued that the indigenous irrigation systems in Sri Lanka offer a useful counterpoint of one that has been sustained and had many favourable attributes. There are lessons to be learnt from contrasting different modes of irrigation practice in the light of sustainability.
Identification of linear systems by Poisson moment functionals in the presence of noise

THE parameters of several increasingly complex linear systems are identified in the presence of additive noise, using the method of Poisson Moment Functionals (PMF). Two formulations are examined. The first identifies the first order state equations of the structure from measurements of generalized displacements, velocities, and forces. The second identifies the second order equations of motion from measurements of the generalized displacements and forces. The initial conditions of the system are arbitrary and are identified. Comparisons are made with a second-order auto regressive moving average (ARMA) method. Contents The efficacy of linear system identification by PMF has been summarized elsewhere.1 When applied to the identification of structural systems,2 the method is especially attractive as it results in direct identification of the state equations or of the second order equations of motion; either of which can be used for additional analysis.3 Shown herein are results of the extension of previous work to include arbitrary initial conditions; a new algorithm for the case where only generalized displacements are observed; and a comparison with a second order ARM A method discussed elsewhere in detail. 4 In the following, we will discuss only results of the "multiple time" formulation, recognizing that a "multiple moment" formulation is also possible.2 We present results of the fully determined formulation, recognizing that overdetermination may be required to average out measurement noise. Finally, we have assumed that the order of the system is known a priori since we are concerned primarily with the relative performance of the algorithms in presence of zero mean additive noise. The important issue of system order determination will be addressed in subsequent work, presently in progress. The PMF transform operates on a process signal f(t) over the interval [Q,t0] and converts it to a set of real numbers Let /(O and df(t)/dt be arbitrary at / = denote the kih PMF of d/(0/d/. Then1
CHILDREN AND EXPOSURE TO THE SUN: RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ATTITUDES, KNOWLEDGE, INTENTIONS, AND BEHAVIOR

This study examined the relationships among measures of knowledge of skin cancer, attitudes toward sun exposure, intentions to use sunscreen, and self-reported use of sunscreen by 105 fifth-grade children. Positive correlations were obtained between knowledge and intentions to use sunscreen, knowledge and healthier attitudes, and intentions to use sunscreen and healthier attitudes toward sun exposure. Surprisingly, knowledge, attitudes, and intentions were not significantly associated with reported use of sunscreen. Researchers designing interventions to effect behavioral change, i.e., sunscreen use, in children might further explore the predictive utility of these constructs as well as examine the utility of other important variables not measured here.
Power Related Network Outages: Impact, Triggering Events, And Root Causes

Without power, communications equipment does not operate, rendering network nodes inoperative. As such, network fault management must include the ability to monitor the AC and DC power capabilities necessary to run the network. In large scale networks, communication facility power is often triply redundant. In spite of significant redundancy, loss of power to communications equipment affects millions of telecommunications subscribers per year. This is an empirical study of 150 large-scale carrier telecommunications outages occurring in the US over an 8 year period. A major conclusion is that outages can be reduced and recovery enhanced if carriers followed industry best practices relating to telecommunications power.
Relations between conodont provincialism and the changing palaeogeography during the Early Palaeozoic

Abstract World-wide distribution patterns of conodont species during the Cambrian, Ordovician, and Silurian are assessed quantitatively using a Coefficient of Similarity (CS) formula. The validity of the idea is examined that there is a correlation between CS values and the geographic distance between the sample points, and that changes in CS values may, at least in part, reflect plate motions. To minimize effects of local palaeoecological control and the varying degree of exploration of the faunas, well known faunas are used from comparable depositional environments on the several continental plates. Conodont provincialism can be traced back to Upper Cambrian time, when there was an initial differentiation into low-latitude, warm-water (Midcontinent Faunal Region) and high-latitude, colder-water (Atlantic Faunal Region) faunas. The Lower Ordovician is characterized by great taxonomic diversification as well as striking provincial differentiation. Based on regional distribution patterns, it is possible to recognize a North American Interior Province, a Mediterranean Province, a North Chinese Province, a Siberian Province, a Baltic Province, and an Australian Province during Arenig time. A similar lateral differentiation prevailed during Llanvirn to lower Caradoc time. It is difficult to recognize a close correlation between CS values and inferred distances of plate separations in the Cambrian and Lower and Middle Ordovician. Unlike some megafossil groups that markedly decreased in provincialism during the Upper Ordovician, the conodont faunas continued to exhibit pronounced lateral differentiation despite the fact that the Baltic, Siberian, and North American plates were then relatively closely together in the equatorial zone. Near the Ordovician-Silurian boundary (probably in the uppermost Ordovician) there was a global, quite conspicuous turn-over in the conodont faunas. During that time, the taxa characteristics of the Atlantic Faunal Region disappeared and apparently, the ancestors of virtually all Silurian taxa are to be found in the Midcontinent Faunal Region. The Silurian conodont faunas have a cosmopolitan character although there are minor local differences that may be attributed to local environmental control. During Silurian time, the plates that have produced the best conodont faunas (North America, Baltica, Siberia) were all in the equatorial zone, and a general uniformity in environmental conditions may be one of several reasons behind the cosmopolitan character of the Silurian conodont faunas. Many Lower Palaeozoic conodont species were capable of crossing water bodies of oceanic dimensions, and the distribution of many taxa seems to have been more closely controlled by water temperature and other ecological parameters than by potential migration barriers related to size of water bodies and emerged continental blocks. Nevertheless, because of their pronounced latitudinal differentiation during the Ordovician, the conodont faunas may be used as tools to decipher some of the positions of continental plates.
Electron Excitation of the First Positive Bands of N 2 and of the First Negative and Meinel Bands of N 2

Absolute optical cross sections for the excitation from the X2∑g+ ground state of N2 by electron impact have been measured for 39 N2 first positive bands (B3Πg–A3∑u+), 12 N2+ first negative bands (B2∑u–X2∑g+), and 10 N2+ Meinel bands (A2Πu–X2∑g+). Relative excitation functions are presented for N2 first negative bands with v′ values from 0 through 9 for 0 to 50 eV, for the (0,0) and (1,0) N2+ first negative bands for 0 to 450 eV, and for the (3,0) and (4,1) N2+ Meinel bands for 0 to 450 eV. The first-positive excitation functions exhibit sharp peaks at 10–12 eV and at 14–15 eV and exhibit an S-shaped change in slope about midway between onset and the maximum of the first sharp peak. The first negative and Meinel excitation functions have broad maxima at about 120 eV and 100 eV.
Two types of inflammatory vascular disease in Sjögren's syndrome. Differential association with seroreactivity to rheumatoid factor and antibodies to Ro (SS-A) and with hypocomplementemia.

Two types of inflammatory vascular disease (IVD) occur in Sjogren's syndrome: neutrophilic IVD (NIVD) and mononuclear IVD (MIVD). In 45 patients with Sjogren's syndrome, we examined the 2 types of IVD with respect to serologic associations. NIVD, unlike MIVD, was significantly associated with seroreactivity reflected by hyperglobulinemia (P = 0.01), rheumatoid factor (P = 0.002), antinuclear antibodies (P = 0.02), and antibodies to Ro (SS-A) (P = 0.00006), and with hypocomplementemia (P = 0.03). The differential association of the 2 types of IVD with serologic reactivity and hypocomplementemia suggests that there may be basic differences in the immunopathogenesis of these 2 forms of IVD in Sjogren's syndrome.
State Units and Convergence Models: Needs Assessment Revisited

Based on a comprehensive survey of state and territorial units on aging, this article reexamines and evaluates the needs assessment process in place in social service agencies. Although most agencies reported multiple sources of planning data, serious limitations in the representativeness of selected data sets were still apparent. We outline a convergence model of needs assessment that utilizes a long-range planning perspective for the development of planning models.
Armadillo nuclear import is regulated by cytoplasmic anchor Axin and nuclear anchor dTCF/Pan.

Drosophila melanogaster Armadillo plays two distinct roles during development. It is a component of adherens junctions, and functions as a transcriptional activator in response to Wingless signaling. In the current model, Wingless signal causes stabilization of cytoplasmic Armadillo allowing it to enter the nucleus where it can activate transcription. However, the mechanism of nuclear import and export remains to be elucidated. In this study, we show that two gain-of-function alleles of Armadillo activate Wingless signaling by different mechanisms. The S10 allele was previously found to localize to the nucleus, where it activates transcription. In contrast, the ΔArm allele localizes to the plasma membrane, and forces endogenous Arm into the nucleus. Therefore, ΔArm is dependent on the presence of a functional endogenous allele of arm to activate transcription. We show that ΔArm may function by titrating Axin protein to the membrane, suggesting that it acts as a cytoplasmic anchor keeping Arm out of the nucleus. In axin mutants, Arm is localized to the nuclei. We find that nuclear retention is dependent on dTCF/Pangolin. This suggests that cellular distribution of Arm is controlled by an anchoring system, where various nuclear and cytoplasmic binding partners determine its localization.
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Requiring Debranching: Hybrid Procedure

Endovascular repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TEVAR) has become a common alternative to open repair. Hybrid repair was developed as an alternative to open surgical repair in patients without proximal or distal landing zones who are unfit to undergo open repair. This chapter will describe the hybrid techniques of debranching the aortic arch vessels and visceral vessels with subsequent placement of an endograft for repair of a thoracoabdominal aneurysm.
The Challenge to Harmonization of Inter-Jurisdictional Trade Laws: A Study of Transportational Regulation Disparities within the Northern Great Plains Region

The globalization movement has made efforts to create free trade zones through considerable efforts to harmonize international commercial and trade laws. Perhaps as a result of the focus that the globalization movement has put on trade harmonization, commentators and regulators have begun examining the disparities in trade regulations that create trade barriers among the individual states of a particular country. This article discusses how,while the impetus for trade harmonization has come from the international arena, it has filtered down to more local levels, with the realization that the best trading partners of a state or region are those that are closest to that state or region. The University of South Dakota Law School recently conducted a comprehensive study of certain commercial transportation regulations within the Northern Great Plains region - North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa and Minnesota - to determine the degree of uniformity or disparities in the trade laws of a particular region. The study found disparities within every category of regulation surveyed and significant disparities in the areas of weight, long combination vehicles (LCVs), and permitting practices particularly on "non-designated roads." The degree of these disparities was somewhat surprising, given the commonality among the five states and the degree of trade conducted between those states. Although the study focused primarily on identifying the existence of such disparities, its findings can also be used to shed light on the larger question of why trade harmonization among individual states, much less individual nations, can be so difficult to achieve.
Do Standard Surgical Guides Produce Accurate and Precise Femoral Bone Resections During Total Knee Arthroplasty

PURPOSE Accurate alignment and balanced flexion and extension gaps are critical elements in achieving a successful outcome following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The ability to make accurate and precise bone cuts is essential in the creation of balanced gaps. We sought to determine if one type of modern-day standard surgical instrument using an intramedullary rod and posterior referencing produces accurate and precise distal and posterior femoral bone resections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five consecutive patients undergoing TKA were divided into three groups, with 25 patients in each group receiving one of three implant designs: 25 Stryker Triathlon® CR (Stryker, Mahwah, NJ), 25 Zimmer NexGen® Flex CR (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN), and 25 StelKast Proven Gen-FlexTM CR (StelKast, Pittsburgh, PA). Flexion-extension gap matching was determined using only the medial flexion and extension gaps. Accuracy was determined by comparing actual resection thickness to desired resection thickness. "Optimal" accuracy was considered to be within 1.0mm of desired, and "near-optimal" accuracy was considered to be within 2.0mm of the desired resection thickness. Precision was determined by the variability of resection thicknesses within each system. RESULTS Data demonstrated a lack of accuracy and precision across all three tested systems, with each system resulting in certain unique tendencies. Only one out of 75 cases resulted in optimal resection accuracy with all three cuts (Zimmer). When lowering the threshold to include both optimal and near-optimal (within 2 mm of error) with all three cuts, only one third of Stryker and Zimmer cases and two thirds of StelKast cases achieved this threshold, representing 44% of cases (33/75). CONCLUSIONS Improvements in instrumentation to increase accuracy and precision may be warranted. Errors in fixation may be due to the instrumentation itself, and altering instrumentation to include less modularity, provide more stable fixation, and more reliably seal the implant on the femur may be of benefit.
The Contemporary Analyst at Work

This paper introduces a set of five papers reflecting a range of contemporary styles. Although diverse in their theoretical orientations, these papers all affirm a common set of basic technical virtues: versatility and flexibility; a sense of personal freedom within the discipline of the analytic frame; skepticism about authority and especially about authoritarian clinical stances; and the simultaneous cultivation of personal engagement and a pragmatic, helpful sensibility.
DURATION IN WAVE CLIMATE ANALYSIS

The relationship between sea state intensity, sea state duration and frequency is pursued in the context of wave data from five sites in U.S. waters. A rational methodology is presented for the interpolation and extrapolation of measured trends, based on extreme value series for intensity, given duration. The inevitable short duration data base problem is addressed by routine application of the triple annual maximum methodology. A format is suggested for IDF data preparation and presentation. Examples are given for wave climate data on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the United States.
Comments on "Comparison between orthogonal subspace projection and background subtraction techniques applied to remote-sensing data"

Ben-David and Ren [Appl. Opt. 44, 3846 (2005)] discussed methods of estimating the concentration of chemical vapor plumes in hyperspectral images. The authors of that paper concluded that a technique called orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) produces better concentration estimates than background subtraction when certain stochastic noise conditions are present in the data. While that conclusion is correct, it is worth noting that the data can be whitened to improve the performance of the background subtraction method. In particular, if the noise is multivariate Gaussian, then whitening will ensure that the background subtraction method is superior to OSP.
Haptic perception along the road from basic science to application

I did not enter the field of haptic perception; rather, I was thrust into it during the 1980s by Susan Lederman, who along with my colleague Jack Loomis, was one of the few psychological scientists who actually studied this arcane sensory system! In our early work, Susan and I demonstrated that objects could be quickly and easily identified by the sense of touch, and we described the purposive, active nature of exploration that served as the basis for this capability. This solid cognitive science happened to coincide with new developments in engineering and neuroscience that increased the visibility of haptics as a basic and applied research field and led to the first interdisciplinary conference of this type. Of course, attendees there could not begin to envision how interest in research on touch would develop into the dynamic scene we see today. My own interests in haptic perception have moved increasingly from the basic science with which I began to applications areas such as commerce, assistive technology, and surgical devices. My talk will describe this trajectory.
Analysis on epidemic trend of Japanese encephalitis in recent 50 years in Guangxi

Objective To analyze the epidemiological trend and features of Japanese B encephalitis(JE) in Guangxi province and master its epidemic rules,which will provides scientific evidence for control and prevention countermeasures. Methods All data from 1960 to 2010 are collected and analyzed with by Excel.The article is applied with discretional statistical method. Results 65 384 people in the province suffered from JE during 1960-2010,and 11 875 died.The average morbidity,the annual mortality and the fatality rate were 3.38/100 000, 0.61/100 000 and 18.16%, respectively in these periods.The epidemics occurred mainly in the 1960’s and 1970’s,with an annual incidence of 8.59/100 000 and 9.24/100 000,respectively.Since 1970’s,Guangxi began to continuously promote inoculation of JE vaccine,which includes two types:vaccination before the epidemic season and bringing it into the immunization program management.After that a significant declines in incidence rate was observed.1980-2000 years the annual incidence rate were 1.75/100 000,1.34/10 000,and 0.44/10 000,respectively.The cases were found in all counties and cities of Guangxi,but mainly in the southern and north-west and southeast regions,so they were the high-incidence area.Epidemic occurred mainly in months of 5-9 and mainly in the children with age of less than 14 years old. Conclusions Incidence of the disease was declining. There was a distinct seasonal occurance of the disease.The cases mainly concentrated in children of 0-14,scattering in rural areas. After vaccination before the epidemic season and immunization program management for years,the work of prevention and control of JE has achieved significant results in Guangxi.
338 EFFECT OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND LIFE EXPERIENCES ON THE CULTURAL COMPETENCE OF PHYSICIANS

Background The 2002 Institute of Medicine report “Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care” recommended cultural competence training as a means of improving health care disparities among minorities. Currently, most U.S. medical schools provide some form of cultural competency curriculum for their medical students, although the type and amount vary considerably. There is no current consensus on the best way to teach cultural competence, as outcomes on these curricula have not been measured. Methods The CCTOP study (Cultural Competency Training and Outcomes in Patients) is a multicenter, cross-sectional study of patients presenting for care at 11 outpatient clinics and their physicians9 attitudes regarding culture, bias, and health care. Cultural competence was scored using the Inventory for Assessing the Process of Cultural Competence Among Healthcare Professionals (IAPCC), an 80-point validated scale (Campinha -Bacote, 1997). The IAPCC scores were dichotomized into respondents who were “culturally competent” (score of 60-74) and “culturally aware” (score of 40-59). In addition to the IAPCC, physicians were asked questions of specific cultural knowledge, attitudes, and life experiences and demographics. Results Preliminary results are available from one hundred and thirty physicians (83 residents, 47 attendings). Bivariate analyses revealed that cultural competence was significantly associated with receiving training in third year of medical school (p = .02), and training received post-residency (p = .02). We detected trends toward significantly higher IAPCC scores in respondents who served in the military (p = .07), traveled outside of the U.S. for greater than one month (p = .10), and were female (p = .08). Cultural competence was not associated with training received in the first two years of medical education, race of physician (p = .80), socioeconomic status in childhood (p = .94), or being born outside the U.S. (p = .59). Conclusions Although fewer physicians were exposed to cultural competence training beyond the first two years of training, those exposed in third year and post-residency were more culturally competent as tested by the IAPCC. These data are preliminary, but the findings may impact the design and focus of cultural competency curricula in medical and graduate medical education. Future research should focus on other determinants of cultural competence, including whether certain life experiences impact cultural competence as much or more than curricular interventions.
AN EXTENSION OF FEYMAN-HELLMANN THEOREM

In this paper, we have discussed continuous spectrum, band spectrum in one dimensional periodic potential as well as Feyman-Hellmann Theorem (the parameter dependence of energy).
Prosopopoeia in Hardy and Stevens

In a remarkable essay on the critical theory of Michael Riffaterre,1 Paul de Man moves towards the conclusion that prosopopoeia, the ascription of a name, a face or a voice to the absent, the inanimate or the dead, is the fundamental trope of lyric poetry. Prosopopoeia is more essential to poetry, de Man argues, even than metaphor. Without prosopopoeia no poetry, though prosopopoeia is, for him, fictive, without ontological ground. A mountain does not have a face, but though the poet can expunge metaphor from his language, see things ‘with the hottest fire of sight’, as Wallace Stevens says, ‘without evasion by a single metaphor’,2 he cannot avoid those personifications that are woven into the interal fabric of our language, like ‘face of a mountain’, ‘headland’, ‘eye of a storm’. This essay explores the consequences of this fact about poetic language through discussion of two poems, Thomas Hardy’s ‘The Pedigree’ and Wallace Stevens’s ‘Not Ideas about the Thing but the Thing Itself, along with ancillary passages about prosopopoeia in a pamphlet by Immanuel Kant and in Hardy’s book of short stories, A Group of Noble Dames.
Diplomacy and Military Policy in the Balkans: From Recalcitrant Partner to Cooperative Leader

The decision to send German combat troops to Kosovo dramatically demonstrated Germany’s post-Wall foreign and security policy. The war in which they fought was not defensive. The troops were not sent to protect Germany’s security. In fact, the troops were sent as part of a multilateral force to intervene in the territory of a sovereign state. Indeed, just a little more than a decade ago, that decision would have been unthinkable. But as a new century and a new chapter in Germany’s foreign policy began, Germany contributed more troops to multilateral foreign missions than any other country, and became the second largest financial contributor to NATO. At the same time, Germany stood firm in its defiant refusal to participate in the US invasion of Iraq, and its economic stagnation and budget crisis threatened to undermine the financial basis of policy transformation from deterrence to preventative war. This chapter tells the story of the events that led to these decisions and explains Germany’s dramatic foreign policy shift.
ON THE BEGINNINGS OF QUANTITATIVE THINKING IN MEDICINE (NICHOLAS OF CUSA AND THE IDIOT)

Publisher Summary Clinical and theoretically nonclinical medicine did not develop quite separately, but followed a nearly common path. This is particularly true for the period called the classical background period of modern, partly experimental, medicine both in clinical and nonclinical disciplines. It is generally known that nonclinical medicine is the same as experimental medicine. Experimental medicine can be said to have evolved during the Renaissance. This chapter outlines some of the literary data that came to shape the late mediaeval and Renaissance approach to scientific development in an era when qualitative elements were slowly replaced by quantifiable data in medical thinking. These efforts had laid the foundations of modern medicine during the second half of the 17th century.
Migraine as A Neurovascular Metabolic Disorder

Brain oxidative metabolism has been studied in nine patients with classical migraine at the Neurological Institute, University of Bologna, Italy.
Effect of initial state of lithium on the propensity for dendrite formation: A theoretical study

Author(s): Barai, P; Higa, K; Srinivasan, V | Abstract: Mechanical constraints have been widely used experimentally to prevent the growth of dendrites within lithium metal. The only article known to the authors that tries to theoretically understand how mechanical forces prevent dendrite growth was published by Monroe and Newman [J. Electrochem. Soc., 150 (10) A1377 (2005)]. Based on the assumption that surface tension prevents the growth of interfacial roughness, Monroe and Newman considered pre-stressed conditions of the lithium electrodes. This scenario indicates that prevention of dendrite growth by mechanical means is only possible by using electrolytes with shear modulus at least two times larger than that of lithium metal. A different scenario of relaxed lithium metal (without any pre-existing surface stresses) has been considered in the present analysis. Deposition of lithium due to electrochemical reaction at the lithium/electrolyte interface induces compressive stress at the electrode, the electrolyte, and the newly deposited lithium metal. Present simulations indicate that during operation at low current densities, the scenario of relaxed lithium leads to no dendrites. Rather, the present study points to the importance of including the effect of current distribution to accurately capture the mechanical forces needed to prevent dendrite growth.
Augment yourself through virtual mirror: the impact of self-viewing and narcissism on consumer responses

Virtual mirror, an increasingly popular application of augmented reality, allows consumers to view their visages overlaid with product images on digital displays. The authors of this study examine how augmented reality technology affects consumers’ brand perceptions and purchase intentions. Study 1, using a real brand, demonstrates that consumers tend to form higher self-brand connections and purchase intention when viewing themselves trying a product via a virtual mirror, rather than when viewing professional models wearing the product. Study 2, using a fictitious brand, reveals that narcissistic participants show pronounced positive self-viewing effects, but non-narcissistic participants show attenuated effects. Implications for digital marketers are discussed.
Adaptive Parameter Estimation of Infinite-Dimensional Systems

Abstract The adaptive parameter and state estimation of infinite-dimensional systems is addressed. A general adaptive observer structure utilizing a gradient philosophy of parameter adaptation and an arbitrary error criterion is analyzed for robustness in the presence of infinite-dimensional unmodeled dynamics. It is shown that ultimately bounded residuals, together with a definitely exciting input, are sufficient to insure parameter and state error boundedness. Furthermore, the degree of excitation is seen to directly affect the accuracy of the estimation. The results are borne out by analysis of a specific adaptive observer which is a special case of the general structure.
Optimal design of compliant mechanisms using functionally graded materials

This research applies topology optimization to create feasible functionally graded compliant mechanism designs with the aim of improving structural performance compared to traditional homogeneous compliant mechanism designs. Converged functionally graded designs will also be compared with two-material compliant mechanism designs. Structural performance is assessed with respect to mechanical/geometric advantage and stress distributions. Two design problems are presented – a gripper and a mechanical inverter. A novel modified solid isotropic material with penalization (SIMP) method is introduced for representing local element material properties in functionally graded structures. The method of moving asymptotes (MMA) is used in conjunction with adjoint sensitivity analysis to find the optimal distribution of material properties. Geometric non-linear analysis is used to solve the mechanics problem based on the Neo-Hookean model for hyperelastic materials. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) have material properties that vary based on spatial position. Here, FGMs are implemented using two different resource constraints – one on the mechanism’s volume and the other on the integral of the Young’s modulus distribution throughout the design domain. Tensile tests are performed to obtain the material properties used in the analysis. Results suggest that FGMs can achieve the desired improvements in mechanical/geometric advantage when compared to both homogeneous and two-material mechanisms.
Association between Gallbladder Ultrasound Findings and Bacterial Culture of Bile in 70 Cats and 202 Dogs

Background Bacterial cholecystitis often is diagnosed by combination of gallbladder ultrasound (US) findings and positive results of bile culture. The value of gallbladder US in determining the likelihood of bile bacterial infection in cats and dogs with suspected biliary disease is unknown. Hypothesis/Objectives To determine the value of gallbladder US in predicting bile bacterial culture results, identify most common bacterial isolates from bile, and describe complications after cholecystocentesis in cats and dogs with suspected hepatobiliary disease. Animals Cats (70) and dogs (202) that underwent an abdominal US and submission of bile for culture were included in the study. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to determine the association of gallbladder US abnormalities and the results of bile cultures, and complications of cholecystocentesis. Results Abnormal gallbladder US had high sensitivity (96%) but low specificity (49%) in cats with positive and negative results of bile bacterial culture, respectively. Cats with normal gallbladder US findings were unlikely to have positive bile bacterial culture (negative predictive value of 96%). Gallbladder US had lower sensitivity (81%), specificity (31%), positive predictive value (20%), and negative predictive value (88%) in dogs. The most common bacterial isolates were of enteric origin, the prevalence being higher in cats. Incidence of complications after cholecystocentesis was 3.4%. Conclusions and clinical importance Gallbladder US has a high negative predictive value for bile culture results in cats. This modality is less predictive of infection in dogs. Percutaneous US-guided cholecystocentesis has a low complication rate.
Die Zielsetzungen des Buches und die Behandlungsarten

Analytische Psychotherapie ist eine haufig benutzte Bezeichnung fur eine haufig praktizierte Richtung der Psychotherapie. In den USA (und ebenso in Deutschland; Anmerkung des Ubersetzers) stellt sie die in psychiatrischen ambulanten Einrichtungen und von niedergelassenen Psychotherapeuten am haufigsten durchgefuhrte Art von Psychotherapie dar (Feldmann et al. 1985; Henry et al. 1973). Selbst mit zunehmender Ausweitung der Verhaltenstherapie (Brady 1970) und der humanistischen Psychotherapieschulen (Karasu 1981) hat die analytische Psychotherapie nicht an Bedeutung verloren; im Gegenteil: neue Behandlungsformen kamen zu der bereits bestehenden Vielfalt noch hinzu (Parioff 1979).
Social/Ethical Issues in Predictive Insider Threat Monitoring

Combining traditionally monitored cybersecurity data with other kinds of organizational data is one option for inferring the motivations of individuals, which may in turn allow early prediction and mitigation of insider threats. While unproven, some researchers believe that this combination of data may yield better results than either cybersecurity or organizational data would in isolation. However, this nontraditional approach creates a potential conflict between goals, such as conflicts between organizational security improvements and individual privacy considerations. There are many facets to debate. Should warning signs of a potential malicious insider be addressed before a malicious event has occurred to prevent harm to the organization and discourage the insider from violating the organization’s rules? Would intervention violate employee trust or legal guidelines? What about the possibilities of misuse? Predictive approaches cannot be validated a priori; false accusations can affect the career of the accused; and collection/monitoring of certain types of data may affect employee morale. In this chapter, we explore some of the social and ethical issues stemming from predictive insider threat monitoring and discuss ways that a predictive modeling approach brings to the forefront social and ethical issues that should be considered and resolved by stakeholders and communities of interest.
Chaos as a Bridge between Determinism and Probability in Quantum Mechanics

Quantum mechanics is fundamentally a probabilistic science, whereas classical mechanics is deterministic. This dichotomy has led to numerous disputes and confusion, ranging from the Einstein-Bohr debates of the 1930’s [Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen 1935; Bohr 1935], through attempts to establish determinism in quantum mechanics by means of introducing “hidden variables” [de Broglie 1960, de Broglie 1964; Bohm 1952], to lengthy discussions of epistemological versus ontological interpretations of quantum mechanics [Bohm and Hiley 1993]. Throughout most of the twentieth century the Copenhagen interpretation of Bohr and Heisenberg has endured as the orthodox interpretation, replete with contradictions and paradoxes such as duality, the necessity for an observer before a quantum system can attain physical meaning, and the reduction of the wave function upon observation. The reductio ad absurdum of such paradoxes was the example of Schrodinger’s cat [Schrodinger 1936; Gribben 1984, Gribben 1995], in which a cat inside a closed chamber remained in limbo as a linear superposition of −dead cat> +−live cat> until an observer determined whether or not a radioactive nucleus had decayed, releasing a deadly poison.
Immunoradiometric assay for antibodies recognizing antigenic gangliosides.

An immunoradiometric assay for monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) recognizing gangliosides as antigens (Ag) is described and exemplified by the determination of the immunoreactive fraction of 125I-radiolabeled monoclonal A2B5 and 3G5 IgM antibodies. The assay was performed in 96-well microtiter plates equipped with cellulose filter membranes, using the antigens extracted from cloned rat insulinoma cells (RINm5F). The selectivity of the assay was demonstrated by studying the interactions of A2B5 and 3G5 with specific Ag and irrelevant gangliosides. The binding of 125I-A2B5 and 125I-3G5 to the RINm5F extract containing Ag exceeded 35% of the total applied radioactivity and depended on the degree of protein damage caused by radiolabeling, whereas irrelevant glycolipids bound 0.4% (s.d. 0.3%) of total applied 125I-3G5 and 1.2% (s.d. 0.3%) of 125I-A2B5 regardless of the initial amount of the radiolabeled MoAb used. Additional support for the specificity of this method was acquired in experiments with the A1D2 IgG antibody that interacts with a glycoprotein expressed by RINm5F cells but not with the gangliosidic antigens present in the same cell line. 125I-A1D2 bound neither Ag (0.47%; s.d. 0.12%) nor brain extracts containing irrelevant gangliosides (0.32%; s.d. 0.17%). The data for the specific MoAb-Ag systems were analyzed using a modified Lineweaver-Burk graph. By plotting the reciprocal of the fraction of specifically bound MoAb versus the reciprocal of the antigen concentration, the immunoreactive fraction was determined. The present method is rapid, convenient, and independent of variability in antigen expression on the cell surface.
The Technical Challenges and Scientific Results of the Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project, USA: The Relevance of Geothermal Experience to Ultradeep Drilling

Although the Salton Sea Scientific Drilling Project does not involve ultradeep drilling, some of the experience and technological advances gained in drilling, testing and sampling this hot, hypersaline, hydrothermal system may well be applicable to future ultradeep continental drilling projects. The SSSDP is investigating an active geothermal field on the delta of the Colorado River, at the northern end of the Gulf of California, and in the Salton Trough of southern California and northern Mexico. This is a region which forms a tectonic transition from the divergent plate boundary of the East Pacific Rise, in the south, to the transform plate boundary of the San Andreas Fault in the north. This tectonic regime is one of the few places where an oceanic spreading center is acting on a continent today (Elders et al. 1972).