cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Further evidence that diapause in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, is regulated by ecdysteroids: a comparison of diapause and nondiapause strains.

Abstract A nondiapause strain of the gypsy moth offers an additional tool for evaluating the regulation of diapause in this species. Patterns of protein expression in the gut and gut enzyme activity distinguished the two strains. Synthesis of a 55 kDa gut protein, previously linked to diapause, began 14 days after oviposition in both the diapause (D) and nondiapause (ND) strains. Though synthesis of this protein persisted in the D strain, its synthesis decreased after day 18 in the ND strain. In the D strain, activity of the proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, aminopeptidase) and esterase remained low, while activity of all of these enzymes increased dramatically in the ND strain 18–20 days after oviposition. By contrast, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was high in both strains 15–17 days after oviposition, activity remained high in the D strain but in the ND strain activity then decreased. Patterns of ALP zymograms were similar in the two strains on day 15, but later a band of high mobility appeared only in the D strain. When 20-hydroxyecdysone was added to hanging drop cultures containing ND pharate larvae 15 days after oviposition, the larvae assumed the characteristics of diapause larvae: the 55 kDa gut protein was synthesized, the ALP zymogram revealed the characteristic diapause pattern, and they failed to ingest culture medium. The fact that 20-hydroxyecdysone could elicit these responses in ND individuals further supports previous results indicating that ecdysteroids promote the induction and maintenance of the pharate larval diapause in this species.
Empowerment-—Fad or Fab? A Multilevel Review of the Past Two Decades of Research

In this article, the authors review research that has examined psychological empowerment at various levels of analysis. Specifically, at the individual, team, and organizational levels of analysis, the authors summarize research that has examined both antecedents to psychological empowerment and the various outcomes of empowerment. Similarly, they discuss studies that have considered the multilevel relationships of psychological empowerment. In addition to reviewing the multilevel empowerment nomological network, the review examines how empowerment has been conceptualized within the literature. The authors include a discussion of how psychological empowerment has been operationalized within the literature, as well as various methodological considerations of psychological empowerment research. Throughout this review, they suggest avenues for future research, including methodological and theoretical considerations that are important to advancing our understanding of psychological empowerment across various ...
A wireless sensor network architecture and its application in an assistive environment

Today's assistive environments place pervasive technologies in the patient's living area in order to provide therapeutic or assistive type of human monitoring [13]. One type of pervasive technology commonly used is using wireless sensor motes, which can be deployed in an indoor environment.In this paper, we propose a system architecture for placing a wireless sensor network (WSN) in a home; sensor nodes are placed into different private rooms where people are intended to live. Using photocells sensors in the nodes, our system can detect the movement of people inside of the rooms. Our system also includes a web-based interface which is used to visualize the data flow in our system in real-time. We call such a WSN implementation Assistive Home Monitoring, or AtHoM.This paper studies how we can combine the WSNs architecture with a WWW application to create a system that can visualize the data remotely by reacting to the sensors deployed in the environment. This paper describes an architecture to integrate the Web with Wireless Sensor Networks for an assistive environment and how it was implemented in the context of experiments. We provide a detailed description of the architecture of the AtHoM system we designed by basing our experiments on a real-world apartment, the Heracleia Apartment., that exists inside our laboratory, the Human Centered Computing Lab. We describe two different experiments implemented within the Heracleia apartment. The aim of these experiments is to validate localization algorithms and all related measurements.From the first experiment and the two subsequent applications we implemented in our apartment test bed, we found that the integration of WWW and WSNs can make the sharing of data collected by WSNs easier for people to access and visualize.
Mobile protein signals in plant development

Cell-to-cell signaling is essential for normal development and physiology. In both plants and animals, cells secrete proteins or peptides that influence the behavior or fate of neighboring cells. However in plants, signaling is also possible through direct transport of transcription factors between cells. Here we discuss some of the signaling pathways mediated by mobile transcription factors and their implications for plant growth and development.
Investigation of Hydrophobic Interactions in Colloidal and Biological Systems by Molecular Dynamics Simulations and NMR Spectroscopy

Interactions of hydrophobic molecular domains determine many of the functional properties of food proteins and colloidal food aggregates, such as emulsification, gelation, and foaming ability. A molecular basis for macromolecular interactions and conformational stability is established through investigation of simple model systems. Molecular modeling and dynamics simulations have been used to study the role of hydrophobic interaction forces in driving the formation of model amphiphile aggregate systems. An approximation to hydrophobic attraction between hydrocarbon tails was required to achieve stable, dynamic aggregate models for Aerosol-OT (AOT)/water/oil microemulsions, micelles of AOT in water, and a stacked AOT/para-chlorophenol gel in either CCl4 or benzene. One- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic methods have been used to characterize the pH and temperature dependent conformational changes in the model polypeptide poly(l-lysine). Changes in proton chemical shifts and line widths indicate that th...
Growth hormone (GH) stimulates insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-I-binding protein-3, but not GH receptor gene expression in livers of juvenile rats.

In the adult rat, expression of the liver GH receptor, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-I-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) genes has been shown to be under GH control. Additionally, hypophysectomy and GH treatment have a differential effect on the relative abundance of liver IGF-I mRNA variants in adult rats. To further elucidate the time of appearance and the extent of GH control of liver GH receptor, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 gene expression, we studied the effect of hypophysectomy and GH and IGF-I treatment in juvenile rats. Male Wistar rats were hypophysectomized (Hx) on postnatal day 26 and received twice daily sc injections of saline, recombinant human GH (2.5 U/kg.day), or recombinant human IGF-I (500 micrograms/kg.day) for 7 days. Sham-operated rats received the same treatment. Hx animals also received T4 (20 micrograms/kg.day). In Hx animals, there was a significant reduction in body weight (69.8 +/- 6.6 vs. 100.4 +/- 5.4 g; P < 0.001). GH, but not IGF-I, treatment increased body weight (79.6 +/...
MAYA: Integrating hybrid network modeling to the physical world

The flourish of large-scale network applications across the Internet and or MANET has raised a challenge to network modeling environments that support experimentation and analysis of close interactions between real applications and network dynamics. To facilitate such experimentations, this paper presents MAYA, a multiparadigm network modeling framework including discrete event models, analytical models and physical network interfaces, together with its illustrative implementation using QualNet, fluid flow TCP model and physical network interface. MAYA framework allows users to interface simulated networks directly with physical networks, while attaining real-time constraints even for large-scale networks by incorporating above multiparadigm network modeling techniques. It also gives user the flexibility to emulate applications on nodes in both real and simulated networks. Experiments are conducted to validate the interoperation of QualNet and fluid flow model, to examine the performance of MAYA as well as to evaluate the optimization techniques, namely interleaved execution of fluid flow model and causality-preserve realtime synchronization relaxation. Experimental results indicate that MAYA is a scalable and extensible solution to modeling of close interactions between real application and network dynamics.
Some reflections on perception and a priori knowledge

So on Kim's view, one might say that an individual is acquainted with arithmetical properties by means of a combination of sense-perception and certain other cognitive faculties. I think that these aspects of Kim's account are important elements of an adequate theory of mathematical knowledge. But unfortunately, they have been neglected by many philosophers. My aim in these comments is to concentrate on what I believe to be some of the broader implications of the central thrust of Kim's paper, and show how they come into conflict with some standard empiricist theories of mathematical knowledge. In particular, I want to pick up on the analogy Kim draws between our apprehension of numerical properties as exemplified in experience, and our apprehension of geometrical properties such as shape. Thus my purpose is for the most part expansive rather than critical. In defending his view, Kim makes a number of comparisons between arithmetical knowledge and geometrical knowledge. For example, we can apprehend the numerical property 'three' by perceiving three apples sitting on a table, and analogously we can apprehend the geometrical property of being a sphere by perceiving a globe. Thus Kim's arguments suggest that arithmetic and geometry are on a par epistemologically speaking. And this suggestion may imply that they are on a par ontologically as well: so that if
Commentary: 'Diseases of the world': from epidemiology to etiology of child and adolescent psychopathology--a commentary on Polanczyk et al. (2015)

If you are an epidemiologist, professionally interested in patterns of the distribution of disease in time and space, the first question you will be asked is ‘how many?’ What is the ‘prevalence rate’ of ADHD? How many children have autism? The second question will be ‘are there more nowadays?’ Is there an epidemic of childhood depression? Is the rate of conduct disorder increasing? This seems to be the main use that clinicians and clinical researchers make of epidemiology. So epidemiology is seen as important for some purposes but, somehow, not scientifically relevant to the real job of treatment. According to this view, epidemiology's value lies in telling us how bad a problem is (the ‘burden of disease’), how many affected people are getting treatment, and what the likely costs are. All useful stuff, but not getting us any nearer to the holy grail of understanding causes and cures of the ‘diseases of the world’1. In their ‘meta-analysis of the worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents’, Polanczyk and colleagues (Polanczyk et al., 2015, this issue) demonstrate just how partial and mistaken this view of epidemiology is. Polanczyk et al. have indeed provided a most valuable and thorough review of the descriptive issues that bureaucrats obsess about. But in the process they have illuminated several areas that are of real importance for the etiologic questions that scientists need to have answered if we are to make breakthroughs in the treatment and prevention of child and adolescent psychopathology.
Myocardial Infarction Complicating Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

Objective To determine the frequency of and risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI) in patients admitted to an intensive-care unit (ICU) with gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage and to ascertain the effects on mortality and lengths of stay. Material and Methods Demographic, laboratory, and outcome data were determined for all patients admitted to a medical ICU with GI hemorrhage between April 1996 and January 1997. Serial creatine kinase with isoenzyme levels and electrocardiograms were interpreted blindly by a senior cardiologist. Results For 83 consecutive admissions to the ICU because of GI hemorrhage, the patients' mean (± standard error) age was 65.0 ± 1.7 years and APACHE II (acute physiology and chronic health evaluation) score was 15.7 ± 0.8. In-hospital death occurred in 16 patients (19%). Patients who did not survive had a lower admission systolic blood pressure (99.2 ± 4.5 versus 115.0 ± 4.0 mm Hg; P = 0.01) than did those who survived. Eleven of 83 patients (13%) fulfilled both enzymatic and electrocardiographic criteria for MI. Ten patients (12%) had electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial ischemia but did not meet criteria for MI. Patients with MI were older (74.4 ± 4.0 versus 61.7 ± 2.0 years; P P P P Conclusion MI occurs frequently in patients with GI hemorrhage admitted to an ICU. Age more than 65 years and two or more risk factors for coronary artery disease identify patients who are at greatest risk for occurrence of MI, which is associated with longer ICU and hospital stays.
1.05-GHz CMOS oscillator based on lateral- field-excited piezoelectric AlN contour- mode MEMS resonators

This paper reports on the first demonstration of a 1.05-GHz microelectromechanical (MEMS) oscillator based on lateral-field-excited (LFE) piezoelectric AlN contourmode resonators. The oscillator shows a phase noise level of -81 dBc/Hz at 1-kHz offset frequency and a phase noise floor of -146 dBc/Hz, which satisfies the global system for mobile communications (GSM) requirements for ultra-high frequency (UHF) local oscillators (LO). The circuit was fabricated in the AMI semiconductor (AMIS) 0.5-?m complementary metaloxide- semiconductor (CMOS) process, with the oscillator core consuming only 3.5 mW DC power. The device overall performance has the best figure-of-merit (FoM) when compared with other gigahertz oscillators that are based on film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR), surface acoustic wave (SAW), and CMOS on-chip inductor and capacitor (CMOS LC) technologies. A simple 2-mask process was used to fabricate the LFE AlN resonators operating between 843 MHz and 1.64 GHz with simultaneously high Q (up to 2,200) and kt 2 (up to 1.2%). This process further relaxes manufacturing tolerances and improves yield. All these advantages make these devices suitable for post-CMOS integrated on-chip direct gigahertz frequency synthesis in reconfigurable multiband wireless communications.
In vivo delayed hypersensitivity reactions to partially purified human melanoma antigens

Sera from patients receiving autologous cell immunization were shown to contain antibody specific for melanoma cells by immunofluorescence, microcomplement fixation, and mixed hemadsorption. These hyperimmune specific sera were used to define antigens shed into tissue culture media from human malignant melanoma cells. When supernatants from cultured melanoma cells were passed over a Sephadex G-200 column, melanoma antigens were found in Peak 2. The active fraction was further purified by carboxymethylcellulose ion exchanger and found in the 0.4 M NaCl gradient. This fraction has been tested in four immunized patients and in one nonimmunized melanoma patient. All five patients developed lymphocytic vasculitis compatible with delayed hypersensitivity reaction. These antigens should be of benefit in studying delayed hypersensitivity in melanoma patients and as potential agents for specific immunotherapy.
Solar Mass Flow in Fine-Scale Structures

Observations of transient and steady velocities at chromospheric, transition region and coronal temperatures in the quiet Sun and coronal holes are reviewed. The relevance of fine-scale structures in governing the mass balance of the solar atmosphere is stressed. At present, a coherent picture of these mass flows does not exist. However, the current observational base of transition region and coronal velocity information is limited but should greatly improve with measurements from the SOHO satellite.
The pharmacokinetics of pulmonary insulin in the in vitro isolated perfused rat lung: implications of metabolism and regional deposition.

Abstract The pharmacokinetics of several lung disposition pathways for pulmonary insulin were studied and modeled in the isolated perfused rat lung (IPRL). Insulin solution was administered by forced instillation into the airways of the IPRL as 0.1 or 0.02 ml doses of coarse spray, with or without bacitracin (BAC), N -ethylmaleimide (NEM) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Each insulin absorption profile was fitted to a kinetic model that incorporated the distribution fraction of the dose reaching the lobar region (DF) and the rate constants for absorption into perfusate ( k a ) and non-absorptive loss ( k nal ); k nal was shown to be due to the sum of mucociliary clearance and metabolism. Insulin absorption occurred largely by passive diffusion with values for k a = 0.39–0.50 h −1 . With DF = 0.91 following 0.1 ml doses, 11.9 ± 3.4% of bioavailabilities were observed in 1 h. In contrast, derived values for k nal = 2.34–3.45 h −1 were significantly larger than the rate constant for mucociliary clearance determined previously in this IPRL (0.96–1.74 h −1 ) due to lung metabolism. Indeed, BAC, but neither NEM nor ANP, was found to decrease the value of k nal , which suggested that BAC-inhibitable lung ectopeptidases, and not insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), were responsible for this pulmonary metabolism. Shallower lung distribution with DF = 0.73 following 0.02 ml doses resulted in reduced values for k a = 0.27 h −1 and k nal = 2.79 h −1 , indicating that these kinetic processes may be lung-region dependent, even within this model and emphasizing the likely importance of reliable lung deposition in vivo.
Endangered plant life

Abstract This paper discusses ways and means of more effective action, on an international scale, for the protection of endangered plant life, and shows how, in places where people have become aware of possessing spectacular or unique examples of plant life, they have often added to amenities around sacred places and created inviolate parts of the world's heritage. Good results for conservation of representative areas have been reached locally through improved attitudes towards rational land-use planning, great caution in the employment of herbicides and pesticides, recognition in forestry of the need for a systems planning for natural areas, and awareness that the great diversity of the green plant cover, of flowers and trees, is among the most delightful features helping to keep the Earth as a livable and beautiful environment. Plant protection can be a very good and profitable way to promote local tourism.
Correlation of plasma cell percentages by CD138 immunohistochemistry, cyclin D1 status, and CD56 expression with clinical parameters and overall survival in plasma cell myeloma.

ContextPlasma cell myelomas (PCMs) are traditionally diagnosed by the percentage (%) of plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow aspirate differential combined with clinical parameters and radiographic findings. PCs are most reliably quantitated in bone marrow (BM) tissues by CD138 immunohistochemistry
Influence of host plant nitrogen fertilization on hemolymph protein profiles of herbivore Spodoptera exigua and development of its endoparasitoid Cotesia marginiventris

Abstract Nitrogen has complex effects on plant–herbivore–parasitoid tritrophic interactions. The negative effects of low nitrogen fertilization in host plants on insect herbivores can be amplified to the higher trophic levels. In the present study, we examined the impact of varying nitrogen fertilization (42, 112, 196, and 280 ppm) of cotton plants ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) on the interactions between the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and the hymenopteran endoparasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). We predicted that the development and fitness of C. marginiventris would be adversely affected by low host plant nitrogen fertilization through the herbivore S. exigua . The percentage of C. marginiventris offspring developing to emerge and spin a cocoon, and total mortality of parasitized S. exigua larvae were unaffected by nitrogen level. The developmental time of C. marginiventris larvae in S. exigua larvae feeding on low (42 ppm) nitrogen cotton plants was approximately 30% longer than that of those feeding on higher (112, 196, and 280 ppm) nitrogen plants. Parasitoid size (length of right metathoracic tibia), a proxy for fitness, of C. marginiventris males was positively affected by nitrogen level. Total amounts of S. exigua hemolymph proteins were not affected by nitrogen level, but were reduced by parasitism by C. marginiventris . Two proteins with molecular weights of ca. 84 and 170 kDa dominated the S. exigua larval hemolymph proteins. Concentrations of the 170 kDa hemolymph protein were unaffected by nitrogen treatment, but parasitism reduced concentrations of the 170 kDa protein. Concentrations of the 84 kDa protein, on the other hand, were interactively affected by parasitism and nitrogen treatment: higher nitrogen fertilization (112, 196, and 280 ppm) increased protein concentrations relative to the 42 ppm treatment for unparasitized S. exigua larvae, whereas nitrogen treatment had no effects on parasitized larvae. For S. exigua larvae feeding on 42 ppm nitrogen plants, parasitism increased concentration of the 84 kDa protein, while for those feeding on 112, 196, and 280 ppm nitrogen plants, parasitism decreased concentrations of the protein. Possible mechanisms and ecological consequences for the extended development of C. marginiventris on S. exigua hosts grown on low-nitrogen plants are discussed.
Biophysical compensation mechanisms buffering E. coli protein–nucleic acid interactions against changing environments

Escherichia coli adapts to changes in growth osmolarity of at least 100-fold by making large changes in the amounts of intracellular water and solutes, including cytoplasmic K+. A wide range of in vitro salt, solute and biopolymer concentrations should therefore be considered 'physiological'. Paradoxically, these large, osmotically induced changes in cytoplasmic K+ concentration do not greatly affect the equilibria and kinetics of cytoplasmic protein-nucleic acid interactions. Biophysical effects resulting from changes in the amount of cytoplasmic water (such as macromolecular crowding) and in the concentrations of other cytoplasmic solutes appear to compensate for the effects of changes in cytoplasmic K+ concentration and thereby maintain protein-nucleic acid equilibria and kinetics in the range required for in vivo function.
PS30. Changing Trend of Mortality Rate from Ruptured and Non-ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Last Three Decades in the USA

rAAA and uAAA was different. SVM correctly classified more uAAA (81% vs. 78% for kNN) while kNN classified more rAAA (87% vs 83% for SVM). Using the standard maximum diameter of 5.5 cm, 31.1% of the AAAs would have been misclassified (20 ruptured and 36 unruptured). The ruptured and unruptured AAA features tended to group together, with the most predictive features forming clusters. The ten most predictive features, given by the 2 test, were: skewness of Gaussian curvature distribution, tortuosity, non-fusiform index, minimum Mean curvature, L2 norm of Mean curvature, wall surface area, L2 norm of Gaussian curvature, isoperimetric ratio, length, and the maximum diameter. Conclusions: SVM and kNN classified more AAA correctly than a maximum diameter of 5.5 cm, indicating that maximum diameter alone is not sufficient for predicting AAA rupture risk compared to a robust geometry quantification approach.
Genetic Diversity of Sockeye Salmon of Cook Inlet, Alaska, and Its Application to Management of Populations Affected by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill

Abstract Genetic data from sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka were collected from all major systems in upper Cook Inlet, Alaska, that produce sockeye salmon, including the Kenai River drainage, a major system that was affected by the Exxon Valdez oil spill. The products of 29 enzymes encoded by 67 protein-encoding loci resolved by allozyme analysis revealed a substantial amount of genetic diversity among populations distributed both within and among major drainages. The data support a model of population structure based on the nursery lake. A gene diversity analysis estimated that 0.4% of the total variability was attributable to the effect of sampling at different sites within nursery lakes, compared with 7.5% among nursery lakes within regions and 2.9% among regions. This diversity probably arises from isolation and genetic drift within nursery lakes and the tendency of sockeye salmon to home with great fidelity. Sockeye salmon from these drainages are commercially harvested in mixed-stock aggregations i...
Interplay of classical noise sources in the relaxation oscillations of an Nd:YAG laser

Abstract We present an investigation of fluctuations in the start-up of a single-mode, continuous wave, Nd:YAG laser that result from the interplay of classical pump and loss rate noise. We show that the timescale of the classical fluctuations is a key factor in determining the main structural features of relaxation oscillation ensembles. We find that long-timescale pump rate fluctuations are the primary factor determining the timing jitter of the first intensity spike, but that short-timescale loss rate fluctuations are necessary to match the sloping of the peaks of corresponding intensity spikes in an ensemble.
The Christmas of 829

Those historical compositions designated as annals are exceedingly valuable sources for knowledge of the Carolingian period, none more so that the so-called Annales regni Francorum , covering an interval beginning with the death of Charles Martel and ending with the last untroubled year of Louis the Pious (741–829). For half a century (759–808) the chronicle of each year generally includes a note indicating the place where the ruler celebrated the feast of Nativity. Some years also include a reference to Easter. Thirty-seven times the allusion is to both Christmas and Easter (759–774, 777–779, 781–783, 788–792, 795–798, 800–802, 806–808); nine to Christmas only (775, 780, 784, 786, 793, 799, 803–805); four to Christmas and two Easters (776, 785, 787, 794); but none to Easter alone. The repetitive, formulaic way in which the references are introduced suggests the high festival character of celebration and observance.
A Multiscale Specimen-Specific Data Set to Enable Comprehensive Modeling and Simulation of the Tibiofemoral Joint

The tibiofemoral joint is a complex structure and its overall mechanical response is dictated by its numerous substructures at both macro and micro levels. An in-depth understanding of the mechanics of the joint is necessary to develop preventative measures and treatment options for pathological conditions and common injuries. Finite element (FE) analysis is a widely used tool in joint biomechanics studies focused on understanding the underlying mechanical behavior at joint, tissue and cell levels [1]. Studies, regardless of their purpose (descriptive or predictive), when employing FE analysis, require anatomical and mechanical data at single or multiple scales. It is also critical that FE representations are validated and closely represent specifics of the joint of interest, anatomically and mechanically. This is an utmost need if these models are intended to be used to support clinical decision making (in surgery or for rehabilitation) and for the development of implants.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Follow-up studies, designs, analysis and reporting

Follow-up studies as contrasted to follow-up programmes and clinics should be conceptualized and conducted as rigorously as any research effort. This rigour entails careful delineation of the question being addressed with explicit underlying pathogenetic or theoretical frameworks for causality, selection and implementation of valid and reliable data-collection methods, and appropriate analysis and reporting. While follow-up activities may address several objectives, routine clinical follow-up has not produced a rigorous and informative literature on the outcomes of very tiny babies. Future efforts should be directed to improving and broadening the outcomes assessed.
ASAP3: a batch means procedure for steady-state simulation analysis

We introduce ASAP3, a refinement of the batch means algorithms ASAP and ASAP2, that delivers point and confidence-interval estimators for the expected response of a steady-state simulation. ASAP3 is a sequential procedure designed to produce a confidence-interval estimator that satisfies user-specified requirements on absolute or relative precision as well as coverage probability. ASAP3 operates as follows: the batch size is progressively increased until the batch means pass the Shapiro-Wilk test for multivariate normality; and then ASAP3 fits a first-order autoregressive (AR(1)) time series model to the batch means. If necessary, the batch size is further increased until the autoregressive parameter in the AR(1) model does not significantly exceed 0.8. Next, ASAP3 computes the terms of an inverse Cornish-Fisher expansion for the classical batch means t-ratio based on the AR(1) parameter estimates; and finally ASAP3 delivers a correlation-adjusted confidence interval based on this expansion. Regarding not only conformance to the precision and coverage-probability requirements but also the mean and variance of the half-length of the delivered confidence interval, ASAP3 compared favorably to other batch means procedures (namely, ABATCH, ASAP, ASAP2, and LBATCH) in an extensive experimental performance evaluation.
Adverse effects of peroxidized lipid on human spermatozoa

Peroxidation of the sperm cells' own phospholipids, closely bound up with declining motility, has been demonstrated in human spermatozoa; the rate of peroxidation was determined quantitatively by the reaction with thiobarbituric acid. Immotile or poorly motile spermatozoa from necrospermic or oligospermic semen exhibited a higher rate of peroxidation than highly motile spermatozoa from normal ejaculates. Peroxidized unsaturated fatty acids added to washed sperm suspensions immobilized the spermatozoa rapidly and permanently. Human seminal plasma was found to contain a non-ultrafiltrable factor which effectively prevented, but did not reverse, the toxic effect upon spermatozoa of either endogenous or exogenous lipid peroxides.
Oxygen‐rich gas domes of microbial origin in the salt crust of the Great Salt Lake, Utah

Abstract During the summer of 1977, a severe drought throughout the western part of the United States caused the north arm of the Great Salt Lake, Utah, to evaporate to its lowest level in a number of years, resulting in the precipitation of about 99.6% pure sodium chloride. At the extreme north end of the north arm, in the vicinity of Monument Point, low humidity combined with a shallow‐bottom gradient to form a salt crust along the lake margin in which gas‐emitting domes were common. The domes varied in size; each contained a large amount of gas that analysis showed to be 82 to 86% oxygen and 14 to 18% nitrogen, with <0.2% or no methane, and no detectable carbon dioxide. The bottom of the crust of the domes (3 to 4 cm thick) was a bright red color. Microscopic examination of this red zone revealed 3.5 × 104 cells of Dunaliella salina, 2 × 103 cells of D. viridis and 108 to 109 clumps of red halophilic bacteria per g of salt. Measurements in situ showed sufficient light (34 klx) and temperature (34°C) un...
UV-photodissociation of non-cyclic and cyclic mononucleotides

Abstract Irradiation of nucleotides in the gas phase with ultraviolet light can lead to their fragmentation. We present a comparison of UV photofragmentation data on ribo-, deoxyribo- and cyclic nucleotides with guanine and adenine as nucleobases. The envelope of the UV photofragment spectra does not depend significantly on the detailed structure of the sugar–phosphate backbone. The fragment channels observed in the photofragmentation of ribonucleotides are very similar to those of deoxyribonucleotides with small differences in the relative abundances of the product ions. In fragmentation of cyclic nucleotides, the deprotonated base anions are the most abundant fragments, in contrast to the non-cyclic nucleotides, where this channel is significantly weaker. We discuss the abundances in the context of possible fragmentation mechanisms and structural differences of the parent molecules.
Some non-biological applications of L-systems

Abstract Some non-biological applications of L-systems are given. It is shown that one can generate a variety or interesting and complex structures and designs by graphically interpreting (in two and three dimensions) on an IBM PC compatible computer the strings of simple L-systems. Two novel applications of the two-dimensional graphical interpretation are given. One is for rapidly creating designs and written directions for weaving a given piece of cloth. The second one is in manufacturing, specifically to the process of configuring electronic components in a standard rack. Another novel application is for the three-dimensional graphical interpretation. It is shown that with this interpretation, L-systems can be used in architecture, such as for designing contemporary and colonial houses and lake cottages, and for generating architectural plans. Still another novel application of L-system is to mathematics. It is shown that L-systems can be used to carry out many mathematical computations like calculatin...
Pneumococcal proteins that may constitute the next generation vaccine for pneumococcal disease

Abstract Cross-reactive “common” pneumococcal antigens offer an attractive alternative, or complement, to polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. These common antigens should be protective against strains of a wider range of capsular types than can be achieved with conjugate vaccines. Common protein antigens would be expected to be highly immunogenic in young children and should be able to be manufactured relatively inexpensively using recombinant techniques. It is hoped that these antigens will lead to a vaccine(s) that could have application worldwide, even in the poorest developing countries where the rates of fatal pneumococcal disease in children are the highest.
Rotational Inerfia of Continents: A Proposed Link between Polar Wandering and Plate Tectonics

A mechanism is proposed whereby displacement between continents and the earth's pole of rotation (polar wandering) gives rise to latitudinal transport of continental plates (continental drift) because of their relatively greater rotational inertia. When extended to short-term polar wobble, the hypothesis predicts an energy change nearly equivalent to the seismic energy rate.
Structure and reactivity of mono- and dinuclear diiminate zinc alkyl complexes

Abstract The synthesis, structure and reactivity of several diiminate ligands are presented. The syntheses of five representative β-diiminate (BDI) zinc alkyl complexes and one β-oxo-δ-diiminate (BODDI) zinc alkyl are described. BDI ligands with varying backbone and N-aryl substituents display different solid state structures. [(BDI)ZnR] are synthesized by the reaction of (BDI)H with ZnR2 in quantitative yield. Previously reported (BDI-1)ZnEt is a three-coordinate monomer in the solid state whereas [(BDI-3)ZnEt]∞ [(BDI-3)=2-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)amido)-3-cyano-4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino-2-pentene] and [(BDI-4)ZnEt]∞ [(BDI-4)=2-((2,6-diethylphenyl)amido)-3-cyano-4-((2,6-diethylphenyl)imino-2-pentene] form one dimensional coordination polymers. The bimetallic complex [(BODDI-1)(ZnEt)2] [(BODDI-1)=2,6-bis((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)amido)-2,5-heptadien-4-one] is prepared through the reaction of (BODDI-1)H2 with two equivalents ZnEt2. Both [(BDI)ZnEt] and [(BODDI)ZnEt] complexes react with acetic acid to give the acetate complexes in moderate to high yields, offering a superior synthetic route to these complexes. [(BDI)ZnR] [BDI=(BDI-3) or 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)amido)-4-((2,6-diethylphenyl)imino-2-pentene), (BDI-5)] complexes react with MeOH to produce [{(BDI)Zn(μ-OMe)}2Zn(μ-OMe)2] in moderate yields. The molecular structures of [(BDI-3)ZnEt], [(BDI-4)ZnEt], [(BODDI-1)(ZnEt)2], [(BODDI-1)Zn2(μ-OAc)2], [{(BDI-3)Zn(μ-OMe)}2Zn(μ-OMe)2] and [{(BDI-5)Zn(μ-OMe)}2Zn(μ-OMe)2] have been determined by X-ray diffraction.
Continuing atmospheric studies of chlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxins in New York State

Abstract CDFs and CDDs were detected in Niagara Falls air samples with total concentrations ranging from 0.07 to 53 pg/m 3 . The highest concentrations were found on days when the wind direction was from a nearby point source. Average CDF/CDD background concentrations were calculated.
Self-recording and control of behavior: A reply to simkins

Several issues with respect to the self-recording of behavior are discussed in the light of a recent article by Simkins (1971) . It is argued that the reliability and reactivity of self-recording procedures may be dealt with as separate issues. Thus, while the reliability of self-recordings of covert, and, perhaps, overt events cannot be determined, it is possible to evaluate and control for the effects of this aspect of self-modification procedures.
Is palpation of the nonresected pulmonary lobe(s) required for patients with non-small cell lung cancer? A prospective study.

Objective Video-assisted lobectomy is an increasingly used technique to treat patients with non–small cell lung cancer but it does not usually afford lung palpation. Methods A prospective study was conducted on patients with tumors amenable to video-assisted lobectomy (noncentral lesion and Results From January 2006 to February 2007, 166 patients had non–small cell lesions that were resected via thoracotomy, despite being amenable to video-assisted surgery, by one surgeon. Thirty-seven (22%) patients had pulmonary nodules that probably would have been missed by video-assisted lobectomy; 14 (8.4%) of these nodules were malignant. These were unsuspected M1 pulmonary lesions in 9 patients and unsuspected different types of primary non–small cell lung cancers in 5 patients. All missed lesions were less than 6 mm and in different lobes from the one resected. Nine (64%) of these 14 patients' primary known lesions were pathologic T1 lesions. Nine patients received adjuvant chemotherapy because of these unsuspected M1 nodules. Conclusions Open lobectomy that affords palpation of the rest of the lung may discover nonimaged malignant pulmonary nodules in different lobes in 8% to 9% of patients with non–small cell lung cancer despite preoperative fine-cut chest computed tomographic scan with contrast and integrated integrated 2-deoxy-2-18F-fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography computed tomographic scanning. The clinical impact of these findings is unknown.
The A, B, Cs of Herpesvirus Capsids

Assembly of herpesvirus nucleocapsids shares significant similarities with the assembly of tailed dsDNA bacteriophages; however, important differences exist. A unique feature of herpesviruses is the presence of different mature capsid forms in the host cell nucleus during infection. These capsid forms, referred to as A-, B-, and C-capsids, represent empty capsids, scaffold containing capsids and viral DNA containing capsids, respectively. The C-capsids are the closest in form to those encapsidated into mature virions and are considered precursors to infectious virus. The evidence supporting A- and B-capsids as either abortive forms or assembly intermediates has been lacking. Interaction of specific capsid forms with viral tegument proteins has been proposed to be a mechanism for quality control at the point of nuclear egress of mature particles. Here, we will review the available literature on these capsid forms and present data to debate whether A- and B-capsids play an important or an extraneous role in the herpesvirus life cycle.
Macromolecular synthesis during plant embryogeny: rates of RNA synthesis in Phaseolus coccineus embryos and suspensors.

Abstract A comparative study of RNA metabolism as an indicator of major changes of tissue organization, cell number, and physiology in the two developmentally and cytologically distinct parts of the bean embryo, the organogenetic part and the suspensor, was carried out. The metabolism of RNA was determined separately for these two parts of embryos removed aseptically from seeds at different times during embryogeny and incubated in culture medium containing 3H-adenosine. Equilibration of ATP in the nucleotide pool, ATP pool size and specific activity, total RNA content, rate of RNA synthesis in culture, rate of RNA synthesis and specific activity during embryogeny, and total protein content were determined. Synthetic activity of the suspensor was highest early in development and then declined, whereas synthetic activity of the organogenetic part increased throughout development. These changes may reflect developmental and functional differences in the two parts of the embryo.
The effect of Ca2+ on the sulfhydryl reactivity of troponin. Evidence for a Ca2+-induced conformational charge.

Abstract Troponin prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle in the presence of dithiothreitol (SH-troponin) was found to have a sulfhydryl content of about 4 moles 1 × 10 5 g in the presence of a Ca 2+ -chelating agent. The addition of physiological concentrations of Ca 2+ reduced the reactive sulfhydryl content to 2.0–2.5 moles 1 × 10 5 g . These sulfhydryl groups are evidently not direct participants in the inhibition of actomyosin superprecipitation, since treatment with N -ethylmaleimide had no effect on the Ca 2+ -sensitizing activity of SH-troponin. Troponin prepared in the absence of dithiothreitol (S-S-troponin) showed a significant reduction in Ca 2+ -sensitizing activity, relative to SH-troponin. The sulfhydryl groups of S-S-troponin, approx. 2 moles 1 × 10 5 g were not appreciably affected by Ca 2+ . It is postulated that the Ca 2+ -sensitive sulfhydryl groups exist at a site which is essential for the regulatory function of troponin and which undergoes a conformational change upon the binding of Ca 2+ .
“What Should Teachers Do to Improve Themselves Professionally?”: Women's Rhetorical Education at California State Normal School Alumni Association in the 1890s

Although scholars in the field have begun to investigate normal schools, they still represent an underexamined site. One significant aspect of normal schools that has been overlooked is the educational activities of their alumni associations. California State Normal School Alumni Association, the focus of this analysis, provided a woman-centered space where women could engage in lively, rhetorically sophisticated public discussion of issues integral to women teachers in the 1890s. This analysis demonstrates that these alumni members, like clubwomen across the nation, participated in the process of transforming conventional assumptions about women during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Ignitability of anechoic chamber foam by electric currents

Anechoic chamber foams are easily ignited by passage of current through them. Two distinct ignition processes can be observed. The first is a contact fire that results when two sharp points which are at a potential difference of more than 100 V touch the conducting foam. The second is an I2R heating of the interior of the foam which begins with smoldering, then a glowing chunk of foam inside the material which grows and usually ignites. An unexpected by-product of burning carbon-impregnated foam is the voluminous release of dense toxic smoke (Tatem and Williams [1]).
Method for measuring the dwell time of spin-polarized Rb atoms on coated pyrex glass surfaces using light shift.

We present a simple method for directly measuring the average dwell time of spin-polarized Rb atoms on coated Pyrex glass surfaces. The method relies on the light shift of the Zeeman resonances of spin-polarized Rb atoms pumped and probed by evanescent waves, and does not depend on the microscopic details of surface interactions. We use a cell whose length is adjustable between 70 and $500\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. The inverse of the difference between the frequency shifts caused by ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ pump beams depends linearly on the cell length, from which we obtain the average dwell time ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}$. For a Pyrex glass cell coated with octadecyltrichlorosilane we find that ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}=0.53\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$ at a cell wall temperature of $103\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$. The temperature dependence of ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}$ is fitted to ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{s}={\overline{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{0}\mathrm{exp}﻿({E}_{a}/kT)$, yielding a preexponential factor ${\overline{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{0}={2.2}_{\ensuremath{-}1.4}^{+5.1}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{ns}$ and an activation energy ${E}_{a}=0.19\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{eV}$.
Allylamine and β-aminopropionitrile-induced vascular injury: An in vivo and in vitro study

Toxic cardiovascular effects of allylamine and beta-aminopropionitrile were studied in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats given allylamine alone (AA), 100 mg/kg/day, beta-aminopropionitrile alone (beta APN), 1 g/kg/day, or both chemicals (AA + beta APN) by gavage. Rats were given a total of 10 doses in 11 days. Rats given AA + beta APN showed extensive smooth muscle cell necrosis of the aortic media not seen when either toxin was given alone. Lingual artery lesions in the form of small intracellular eosinophilic globules were seen in animals given AA and AA + beta APN treatments, but were more numerous and larger in the latter group by morphometric analysis (p less than 0.03). Myocardial necrosis was much less severe in the AA + beta APN treatment group than in rats given only AA. A long-term follow-up (47 and 180 days) after the AA + beta APN protocol above showed that rats had persistent aortic medial necrosis with striking intimal cartilaginous metaplasia. Cultured porcine aortic smooth muscle cells exposed in vitro to combined AA and beta APN showed markedly decreased viability and increased cell injury when compared to cells exposed to only one toxin, thus supporting the synergistic toxic effect seen in vivo. Our studies show a synergistic necrotizing effect of AA and beta APN on aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. A hypothesis concerning these compounds' effects on vascular amine oxidases is made to explain this toxic synergism. Synergistic toxic interactions may be important in other forms of vascular injury.
Gender-Typed Behaviors and School Adjustment

This study investigates whether gender-typed behaviors are associated with two aspects of school adjustment—engagement and attachment. The analysis uses a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students in US schools in 1995 (n = 6,349 girls and 5,954 boys). Ordinary least square models show that both boys and girls with extremely gender-typed behaviors report lower levels of school engagement and attachment than gender-typical peers, consistent with previous research that documented adjustment problems linked to hypergender. Among boys but not among girls, gender-atypical students report lower levels of engagement and attachment than gender-typical peers, indicating stigma attached to boys’ feminine behaviors at school. Interpersonal problems with peers and teachers explain large portions of these group differences.