cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Calculus of Consent , Fifty Years Later: A Personal Tribute to James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock

Most contributors to this volume are concerned with how James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock have affected the history of economic thought (and the intellectual lives of readers) through their collaboration on their classic The Calculus of Consent. Richard McKenzie explores their influence through their tireless efforts to review and comment on the written works of their colleagues and graduate students. He provides a deeply personal tribute for their work with their students and colleagues that is largely unknown to the hordes of economists, political scientist, philosophers, and legal scholars who have read their joint and separate works but who have never had the opportunity to interact with them on a one-to-one basis.
Low Plasma Klotho Concentrations and Decline of Knee Strength in Older Adults

BACKGROUND Although the "anti-aging hormone" klotho is associated with sarcopenia in mice, the relationship between klotho and muscle strength in older adults is not well known. METHODS Plasma klotho concentrations were measured in 2,734 older adults, aged 71-80 years, who participated in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, a prospective observational cohort study conducted in Memphis, TN and Pittsburgh, PA. Knee extension strength was measured using isokinetic dynamometry at baseline and follow-up 2 and 4 years later. Knee extension strength was normalized for weight. RESULTS At baseline, participants in the highest tertile of plasma klotho had higher knee extension strength (β = .72, standard error [SE] = .018, p < .0001) compared with those in the lowest tertile in a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for age, sex, race, smoking, study site, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and diabetes. Participants in the highest tertile of plasma klotho at baseline had less of a decline in knee strength over 4 years of follow-up (β = -.025, SE = .011, p = .02) compared with those in the lowest tertile in a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for the same covariates above. CONCLUSIONS Plasma klotho concentrations were an independent predictor of changes in knee strength over time in older adults. Further studies are needed to identify the biological mechanisms by which circulating klotho could modify skeletal muscle strength.
History of Occurrence and Present Home Territory Sizes for Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs on the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation

On the Ground Past management and historic occupation by black-tailed prairie dogs will affect the vegetation responses to changes in management. Ecological sites have different production potential and may influence colonization by black-tailed prairie dogs. Thin Claypan ecological sites had the largest coterie home territory size at 1.8 ha but also had coteries among the smallest at 0.5 ha.
Uncertainty in the Study of Comparative Perception: A Methodological Challenge

The senses of animals continually engage a complex and ever changing world. That they are remarkably adapted to this level of complexity is evident, and the lives of their ancestors have depended on it. In their exploration of animal senses scientists have employed the right mix of behavioral methods and highly developed technological instrumentation. We now know and understand much about the sensory acuity of animals and the limits of their resolution of the environment. Unfortunately, we stop short of being able to grasp a rich variety of complex perceptual phenomena that include the sensory illusions, aftereffects, certain forms of perceptual categorization, sensory matching, and perceptual judgment. Our methods are unable to yield precise and exact measurements of these phenomena, and in fact, these methods may interfere with what they purport to measure. For this reason our results are uncertain and even indeterminate. The chapter describes our efforts to break this impasse; they have not been entirely successful.
Urogynecological Assessment and Perspective in Patients Presenting with Evacuatory Dysfunction

The gynecologic indications for enterocele and rectocele repair are more numerous compared with the traditional colorectal indications because gynecologists primarily address vaginal symptoms when repairing a rectocele. Here, obstructive defecation symptoms are only some of a list of accepted indications. Preoperative evaluation typically only includes clinical assessment gained from the history and physical examination, and gynecologists rarely depend on defecography to plan a reconstructive procedure for rectoceles. Overall, surgical correction success rates are quite high when using a vaginal approach for rectocele correction. Vaginal dissection results in better visualization and access to the endopelvic fascia and levator musculature, which allows for a “firmer” anatomic correction. In addition, maintaining rectal mucosal integrity appears to reduce the risk of postoperative infection and fistula formation. More comprehensive data collection is necessary to better understand the effect of various surgical techniques on vaginal, sexual, and defecatory symptoms in these patients who may present with complex symptomatology where the rectocele and/or enterocele represent the dominant clinical finding.
Why Thematic Kinships Between Events Do Not Attest Their Causal Linkage

There are strongly diverging diagnoses of the defects of psychoanalytic theory. In a paper on schizophrenia, the German philosopher and professional psychiatrist Karl Jaspers (1974, p. 91) wrote: “In Freud’s work we are dealing in fact with [a] psychology of meaning, not causal explanation as Freud himself thinks”. The father of psychoanalysis, we learn, fell into a “confusion of meaning connections with causal connections”. After Jaspers, Paul Ricoeur has elaborated the patronizing claim that Freud basically misunderstood what he himself had wrought. As Ricoeur tells us in his book Freud and Philosophy (1970, p. 359), psychoanalytic theory is a hermeneutic enterprise, as opposed to a natural science: “psychoanalysis is an exegetical science dealing with the relationships of meaning between symptoms and repressed instinctual mentation”.
Comparison of Diagnostic Features in Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy by Electrocardiography, Ultrasound Cardiogram and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective: To compare and analyze the features for noninvasive and positive diagnosis in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy(ARVC). Methods: We retrospectively studied 64 ARVC patients diagnosed in our hospital from August 2008 to May 2010. The patients included 47 male and 17 female with the diagnosed age of(35.5±134) years. We compared the positive diagnostic rate and features of ARVC by electrocardiography(ECG), ultrasound cardiogram(UCG) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) respectively. Results: There were 63(98.4%) patients with palpitation, 14(21.9%) experienced syncope and 3 with family history of ARVC. By ECG examination, all patients presented abnormal findings, 52(81.3%) cases with ventricular tachycardia(VT), 38(59.4%) with VT from right ventricular origin, 25(39.1%) with frequent ventricular premature beats and 2 with ventricular fibrillation. The sinus rhythm ECG included ① 37(57.8%) cases of T-wave inversion mainly in the precordial leads in Vl ~V3.② 18(28.1%) of Epsilon waves. ③ 23(35.9%) with QRS duration ≥ 110 ms in Vl-V3 which were longer than those in left leads. ④ 22(34.4%) with right ventricular bundle branch block(RBBB). By MRI examination, there were 48 patients(75%) with positive results and 4 of them showed left ventricular involvement. By UCG examination, 18 patients(28.1%) had positive results. ECG and MRI indicated more positive diagnostic rate than that of UCG, P0.05, while combining ECG with UCG may increase the diagnostic coincidence rate. Conclusion: The common arrhythmia of ARVC including VT and frequent ventricular premature beats, the patients without Epsilon wave had more chances combining VT, ventricular fibrillation and left ventricle involvement. MRI and ECG had higher positive diagnostic rate than UCG.
Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of a Long Empty Glumes Mutant in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Flower development plays an important role in the life cycle of plant. However, the molecular mechanism of floral organ development has not been clear in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The mutants with abnormal flower organ were important materials for researching the flower development. In this study, a spontaneous mutant named Osleg, with two long empty glumes, was discovered from special rice cultivar Yaxuenuo. Using scanning electron micrograph, we observed that the abaxial surface of the mutant Osleg rich in trichomes was rough and some tubercles were arranged in parallel, which has the similar structure to the epidermic cells of the lemma. The results suggested that the mutant traits could be evolved from the two lemmas during the evolution of Oryza. To mapping the gene OsLEG, we used mutant Osleg and 9311 as parents to structure F2 population. On the basis of the field observation, the ratio of normal empty glumes to long empty glumes was 4302:1485, fitting the 3:1 ratio [χ2(0.246) χ20.05(3.84)]. Genetic analysis showed that the mutant character was controlled by a single recessive gene. Ultimately using the published SSR markers and designed some STS makers, the OsLEG was mapped to a 207-kb region between the STS markers LC15 and LC25 on the short arm of chromosome 7 across two BAC clones. With in this region, there were forty-six predicted genes in the rice database [TIGR release 5(RAP2 build 4.0)]. None of them was related directly to glumes in rice. But, one encoded F-box protein had connection with floral development and could be related to the OsLEG to a certain extent. Those studies will pave the way for the OsLEG cloning and study on the molecular genetic mechanisms of the floral organ in monocot.
To Investigate Treating Weakness of Both the Heart and the Spleen Low Intracranial Pressure Headache by Buqi Yangxue Therapy

Low intracranial pressure is orthostatic headache headache obvious point,Lying pain decreased or disappeared as the characteristics of pain,Clinical manifestations can be associated with a variety of symptoms,Areas of medicine are headache,Headache syndromes are more,I believe that the heart and spleen deficiency type in such a large proportion of the disease,Application of qi and blood treatment,To obtain satisfactory clinical results.
Tracheotomy Outcomes in Super Obese Patients

Importance Surgeons need to understand the expected outcomes for super obese patients undergoing tracheotomy to appropriately counsel patients and families about likely risks and benefits. Objective To determine the outcomes, complications, and mortality after tracheotomy in super obese patients (those with a body mass index [BMI] greater than 50). Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective review was conducted of billing records from a tertiary care academic medical center from November 1, 2010, through June 30, 2013, to identify patients undergoing tracheotomy. Medical records were reviewed to identify patients with a BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) greater than 50 and a control group with a BMI of 30 to 50. Patient characteristics, including BMI, age, race/ethnicity, primary diagnosis for hospitalization, medical comorbidities, and surgical technique, were measured. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measure was dependence on tracheostomy at discharge. Secondary outcomes included rates of ventilator dependence, mortality, postoperative complications, and discharge disposition. Results The super obese population included 31 patients and was predominantly African American (20 patients [65%]) and female (21 patients [68%]). Mean BMI of super obese patients was 64.0 (range, 50.2-95.5). The obese patient population was mainly African American (25 patients [74%]) and female (17 patients [50%]). Twenty-five of 31 super obese patients (81%) were discharged with a tracheotomy tube in place, compared with 16 of 34 obese patients (52%). Seven patients (23%) in the super obese group were ventilator dependent at discharge, compared with 4 patients (13%) in the obese group. Only 2 of the super obese patients (3%) were decannulated before discharge, compared with 15 (44%) in the obese group. In-hospital mortality was similar for the 2 groups (super obese, 4 patients [13%] and obese, 3 patients [9%]). The overall complication rate was 19% in the super obese group (6 patients) compared with 6% in the obese group (2 patients). Super obese patients were less likely to be discharged to a health care facility (17 patients [55%]) compared with patients in the obese group (22 patients [65%]). Conclusions and Relevance Tracheotomy in super obese patients is a safe and effective strategy for airway management. Critically ill, super obese patients have a high likelihood of remaining dependent on a tracheotomy or ventilator at the time of discharge.
Pitfalls of In Vivo Dialyzer Clearance Measurement

Dialyzer small-molecule clearance measurements are commonly made to help identify the cause of inadequate dialysis prescriptions, to determine the efficacy of reuse procedures, or to choose between different types of dialyzers. Clearance measurements can be blood-side-or dialysate-side-based. While blood-side clearance measurement is the classical technique, it suffers from several serious flaws that decrease its accuracy. Chief among these are the inability to accurately measure the blood flow rate and the difficulty in accounting for the presence of nonaqueous components in the blood. Using a dialysate-based clearance measurement technique overcomes these problems for most solutes, provided appropriate guidelines are followed. This article reviews the theory behind both blood- and dialysate-side techniques as well as discussing the practical application of that theory to clearance measurement.
Improved three-phase micro-inverter using dynamic dead time optimization and phase-skipping control techniques

This paper introduces two efficiency improvement techniques for a grid-tied micro-inverter with current mode control zero voltage switching (ZVS) output stages. The first technique is dynamic dead time optimization wherein PWM dead times are dynamically adjusted as a function of load current. The second method is advanced phase-skipping control which distributes power on individual phases depending on the available input power from PV source. Neither of the techniques require any additional components and both can be easily implemented in the digital controller firmware. The two techniques were designed and implemented in a 400W three-phase micro-inverter prototype and the experimental results confirm practical implementation of these techniques and demonstrate that significant efficiency improvement can be achieved.
Indifferent to Consequences

In March 1965, Lyndon Johnson agonized over a request for Marine battalions to defend US missile and aircraft sites in Vietnam. In a March 6 telephone call with Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, captured on the White House recording system, Johnson worried that the Marines would end up “fighting with the Vietcong and really starting a land war.” He summed up the discussion with what must be one of the most tragic remarks ever uttered by an American president: “My answer is yes,” he told McNamara. “But my judgment is no.”1
Digitale Assistenzsysteme in der Kommissionierung

Kurzfassung Die steigende Nachfrage nach kundenindividuellen Produkten erhoht die zu beherrschende Variantenzahl in der Produktion. Mittels individueller Werkerunterstutzung, die von einer Papierliste bis hin zur Augmented-Reality-Datenbrille reicht, kann die erhohte Komplexitat besser beherrscht werden. In diesem Beitrag werden unterschiedliche Losungen fur die Kommissionierung auf Basis technischer und wirtschaftlicher Kriterien verglichen und ihr Einsatz in der Lernfabrik fur vernetzte Produktion vorgestellt.
"From Snail Mode to Rocket Ship Mode": Adolescents and Young Adults' Experiences of Returning to Work and School After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.

Purpose: Resuming normal activities, such as work and school, is an important dimension of psychosocial recovery in cancer survivorship. Minimal data exist regarding adolescents or young adults' experiences of returning to school or work after cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the processes of resuming work and school among adolescents and young adults after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 adolescents and young adults, who were 15–29 years when they underwent HCT and 6–60 months post-transplant at study enrollment. Interview transcripts were systematically analyzed using Grounded Theory methodology. Results: Participants described the context in which they attempted to return to work or school, specific challenges they faced, and strategies they developed in these environments. Feeling left behind from their peers and their pre-diagnosis selves, participants described “rushing” back to school and work impulsively, taking on too m...
Defining Electron Bifurcation in the Electron-Transferring Flavoprotein Family

Electron bifurcation is the coupling of exergonic and endergonic redox reactions to simultaneously generate (or utilize) low- and high-potential electrons. It is the third recognized form of energy conservation in biology and was recently described for select electron-transferring flavoproteins (Etfs). Etfs are flavin-containing heterodimers best known for donating electrons derived from fatty acid and amino acid oxidation to an electron transfer respiratory chain via Etf-quinone oxidoreductase. Canonical examples contain a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that is involved in electron transfer, as well as a non-redox-active AMP. However, Etfs demonstrated to bifurcate electrons contain a second FAD in place of the AMP. To expand our understanding of the functional variety and metabolic significance of Etfs and to identify amino acid sequence motifs that potentially enable electron bifurcation, we compiled 1,314 Etf protein sequences from genome sequence databases and subjected them to informatic and structural analyses. Etfs were identified in diverse archaea and bacteria, and they clustered into five distinct well-supported groups, based on their amino acid sequences. Gene neighborhood analyses indicated that these Etf group designations largely correspond to putative differences in functionality. Etfs with the demonstrated ability to bifurcate were found to form one group, suggesting that distinct conserved amino acid sequence motifs enable this capability. Indeed, structural modeling and sequence alignments revealed that identifying residues occur in the NADH- and FAD-binding regions of bifurcating Etfs. Collectively, a new classification scheme for Etf proteins that delineates putative bifurcating versus nonbifurcating members is presented and suggests that Etf-mediated bifurcation is associated with surprisingly diverse enzymes.IMPORTANCE Electron bifurcation has recently been recognized as an electron transfer mechanism used by microorganisms to maximize energy conservation. Bifurcating enzymes couple thermodynamically unfavorable reactions with thermodynamically favorable reactions in an overall spontaneous process. Here we show that the electron-transferring flavoprotein (Etf) enzyme family exhibits far greater diversity than previously recognized, and we provide a phylogenetic analysis that clearly delineates bifurcating versus nonbifurcating members of this family. Structural modeling of proteins within these groups reveals key differences between the bifurcating and nonbifurcating Etfs.
Image Segmentation with Monotonicity and Smoothness Constraints

Image segmentation with monotonicity and smoothness constraints has found applications in several areas such as biomedical image analysis and data mining. In this paper, we study the problem of segmenting monotone and smooth objects in 2-D and 3-D images. For the 2-D case of the problem, we present an O(IJ log J) time algorithm, improving the previously best known O(IJ2M) time algorithm by a factor of O(JM/log J) time, where the size of the input 2-D image is I × J and M is the smoothness parameter with 1 ≤ M ≤ J. Our algorithm is based on a combination of dynamic programming and divide-and-conquer strategy, and computes an optimal path in an implicitly represented graph. We also prove that a generalized version of the 3-D case of the problem is NP-hard.
Longitudinal Association Between Brain Amyloid-Beta and Gait in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.

Background The longitudinal association between cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) and change in gait, and whether this association is mediated by cortical thickness, has yet to be determined. Methods We included 439 clinically normal (CN) participants, aged 50-69 years and enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging with cerebral Aβ, cortical thickness, and gait measurements. Cerebral Aβ deposition was assessed by Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)-PET in multiple regions of interest (ROIs) (ie, frontal, orbitofrontal, parietal, temporal, anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate/precuneus, and motor). Cortical thickness was assessed on 3T MRI in corresponding ROIs. Gait parameters (gait speed, cadence, stride length, double support time, and covariance of stance time) were measured with GAITRite. Multivariate-adjusted two level structural equation models were used to examine the longitudinal association between PiB-PET, cortical thickness, and change in gait over a median 15.6 months. Results Higher PiB-PET in all ROIs was associated with decreasing cadence and increasing double support time, and in the temporal ROI was associated with declining gait speed. In sex-stratified analyses, higher PiB-PET in all ROIs was associated with declining performance on all gait parameters among women. In contrast, among men, the only association was with higher orbitofrontal ROI PiB-PET and declining cadence. None of the associations were mediated by cortical thickness or attenuated after adjustment of baseline cognition. Conclusion Higher PiB-PET was associated with declining gait, particularly among women in this middle-aged CN cohort, independent of cortical thickness and baseline cognitive. Elevated brain Aβ may play a critical role in age-related mobility decline.
Using Omics to Understand and Treat Pulmonary Vascular Disease.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease for which there is no cure. Presently this condition is differentiated from other diseases of the pulmonary vasculature by a practitioner’s history, physical examination and clinical studies with clinical markers of disease severity primarily guiding therapeutic choices. New technologies such as next generation DNA sequencing, high throughput RNA sequencing, metabolomics and proteomics have greatly enhanced the amount of data that can be studied efficiently in patients with PAH and other rare diseases. There is emerging data on the use of these “Omics” for pulmonary vascular disease classification and diagnosis and also new work that suggests molecular markers, including Omics, may be used to more efficiently match patients to their own most effective therapies. This review will focus on the state of knowledge on molecular classification and treatment of PAH. Strengths and weaknesses of current Omic technologies will be discussed and how these new technologies can be used in the future to improve diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease, more effectively treat patients with existing and future drugs, and generate new understanding of disease pathogenesis and mechanisms underlying treatment success or failure. Recent publications on the use of Omics to diagnose and treat pulmonary arterial hypertension will be discussed and placed in the context of current and future clinical care.
The portrayal of quit emotions: Content-sensitive analysis of peer interactions in an online community for smoking cessation

Tobacco use causes serious emotional harm among smokers and it manifests in the form of mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. The effects of smoking cessation on quality of life are well documented. However, our understanding of emotional well-being of an individual in the window of quit and relapse period to provide just in time support is quite limited. In this study, we focus on social engagement, communication attributes, and emotional landscape of successful quitters as manifested in peer interactions of an online health community for smoking cessation. Further, we employed Word Embedding techniques to analyze the content-specific communication attributes in a given quit episode at scale. Results indicate users were highly engaged after a quit. The emotional index of successful quitters highlighted the fragile and complex nature of sentiments associated with a quit episode. The behavior change techniques popular before quit were ‘goals and planning’ and ‘self-belief’ and after quit were ‘feedback and monitoring’ and ‘goals and planning’. Communication genres popular before quit were ‘family and friends’ and ‘quit readiness’, whereas focus on ‘traditions’, ‘quit progress’ and ‘quit obstacles’ was high after quit. Implications for development of real-time interventions that are mindful of emotional and informational support are discussed.
Currency Substitution and Monetary Policy

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the currency substitutions and monetary policies. It presents the sources and consequences of increasing substitutability among the currencies of the countries that participate in the process of European integration. Most of the academic work on the effects of currency substitution has concentrated on flexible exchange rates. The chapter presents a survey of the research questions concerning the problem of currency substitution in Europe, rather than a specific theoretical or empirical analysis of any one of them. The questions for monetary theory raised by the process of European integration are numerous, and in some cases very hard. It is therefore useful to discuss them together in the attempt to build a chart of a rich and important research area.
Abstract B47: Validation of novel breast cancer drivers using mammary stem cell-based somatic mouse models

Cancer genomics has provided an unprecedented opportunity for understanding genetic causes of human cancer. However, distinguishing which mutations are functionally relevant to cancer pathogenesis remains a major challenge. We describe here a mammary stem cell (MaSC) organoid-based approach for rapid generation of somatic genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). By using RNAi and CRISPR-mediated genome engineering in MaSC-GEMMs, we have discovered that inactivation of Ptpn22 or Mll3, two genes mutated in human breast cancer, greatly accelerated PI3K-driven mammary tumorigenesis. Using these tumor models, we have also identified genetic alterations promoting tumor metastasis and causing resistance to PI3K- targeted therapy. Both Ptpn22 and Mll3 inactivation resulted in disruption of mammary gland differentiation and an increase in stem cell activity. Mechanistically, Mll3 deletion enhanced stem cell activity through activation of the HIF pathway. Thus, our study has established a robust in vivo platform for functional cancer genomics and has discovered functional breast cancer mutations. Citation Format: Zheng Zhang, John R. Christin, Chunhui Wang, Kai Ge, Maja Oktay, Wenjun Guo. Validation of novel breast cancer drivers using mammary stem cell-based somatic mouse models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Breast Cancer Research; 2017 Oct 7-10; Hollywood, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2018;16(8_Suppl):Abstract nr B47.
The Pot Head Pixies: Drug Utopias in the Music of Gong, 1968–19741

AbstractThe work of musical group Gong illustrates the connection be-tween drugs and utopian thought following the failure of the protests of 198. In their lyrics and interviews, Gong suggested the...
Production of a recombinant monoclonal antibody to Herpes Simplex Virus glycoprotein D for immunoaffinity purification of tagged proteins

Abstract We have developed a stable Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell line for the production of a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) to a short protein sequence derived from the N-terminus of human herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D (HSV-1 gD). The antibody (designated r34.1) provides a useful tool for the immunoaffinity purification of HSV-1 gD tagged proteins, and provides a generic purification system by which various proteins and peptides can be purified. Recombinant 34.1 was assembled using cDNA derived from a HSV-1 gD specific murine hybridoma engineered to encode a full-length IgG molecule. Antibody expression cassettes were transfected into CHO-S cells, and a stable cell-line expressing up to 500 mg/L of antibody, isolated. Affinity purified r34.1 exhibited nanomolar affinity for its cognate ligand, and is stable throughout multiple cycles of immunoaffinity purification involving ligand binding at neutral pH, followed by acid elution. The HSV-1 gD tag expression and purification strategy has been used to enhance the secretion and purification of several vaccine immunogens including HIV envelope protein rgp120s, but the protocol has potential for generic application.
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Clinical Teaching Effectiveness

Abstract Emotional intelligence is associated with improved management of stress and may improve clinical teaching effectiveness of nurse faculty by modulating stressors in the clinical setting. The present study investigated the relationship between emotional intelligence and clinical teaching effectiveness of nurse faculty teaching at baccalaureate institutions in New York State. There was no statistically significant correlation between emotional intelligence and clinical teaching effectiveness, but there was a statistically significant relationship between faculty rank and clinical teaching effectiveness (p = .03). Results from this study may be used to enhance understanding of the role emotional intelligence plays in clinical teaching effectiveness.
Modeling of slightly-compressible isentropic flows and compressibility effects on fluid-structure interactions

Abstract In this study, an aeroacoustic fluid model for slightly-compressible isentropic flows is developed and evaluated for its compressibility effects in the context of fluid-structure interactions. This model considers computational feasibility and accuracy by adding compressibility terms directly on the incompressible form of Navier–Stokes equation. Rather than solving for the full compressible form, our slightly-compressible form significantly reduces the complications in establishing stabilization and implementation of its finite element procedure, and yet still captures the fluctuating acoustic waves expected in the compressible form. Using this approach, we demonstrate that generations and propagations of acoustic waves can be accurately captured, without the inclusion of a fully compressible representation of the fluid. Upon the successful verification of its accuracy against analytical and known solutions, we then evaluate the fluid compressibility effect on fluid-structure interactions. Our results show that comparing to an incompressible fluid, a deformable solid generates sound waves while it is driven by the flow and vibrates in the fluid. A periodic volume change in the fluid is also observed, which can be considered as a sound source.
Created and Constructed Languages: ‘I can speak Esperanto like a native’

Constructed languages (which are also sometimes called ‘artificial’ or ‘invented’ languages) are those which have been deliberately created by human beings. Such languages have been created for many different reasons, but the most common were designed to facilitate communication between speakers of different languages. By far the most successful of these constructed languages has been Esperanto, a language created in the late nineteenth century. In spite of is successes, Esperanto is still not uncommonly rejected as being somehow non-legitimate, less than a language that emerged in an unplanned way. In this chapter, an overview of the history of constructed languages generally, and of Esperanto in particular, will be presented, and the case will be made for the legitimacy of Esperanto.
On Some Alternatives to Kalman Filtering

In a Dynamic Linear Model, the weighted least-squares approach is known to yield the Kalman filter equations. On the other hand, it is also known that any least-squares solution might adversely be affected by undetected model errors. After having previously derived “robust Kalman filters” — which are resistant against multiple scale errors — as one possible remedy, we now develop the so-called “look-ahead filters” which use some of the future observations for the update and can therefore operate only in almost real-time. It will be shown that this new class of filters turns out to be everywhere superior over Kalman filtering (in the Mean Square Error sense), and that some of the modified Kalman filters — including Salychev’s “wave algorithm” — belong to this class indeed.
Improving non-hunters’ attitudes toward hunting

Public support ensures hunting persists as a recreation opportunity and tool for wildlife management. Non-hunters’ attitudes are particularly important, as they comprise large majorities in most co...
Reactive Arthritis: Animal Models

Development of animal models of inflammatory articular disorders, although not completely reproducing the entire spectrum of clinical manifestations seen in human disorders, has significantly contributed to a better understanding of the complex interplay of genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors playing a role in pathogenesis. Several animal models, either spontaneous, genetically engineered, or induced, are available and have allowed delineation of the individual or combine contribution of T-, B-, macrophage, dendritic, neutrophil, and mast cells, cytokine pathways, and their interaction with the microbiota. In addition, information obtained has led to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. An overview of the most commonly used animal models to study spondyloarthritis (SpA), especially reactive arthritis, follows.
Neuroanatomic Variations in Graves' Dysthyroid Ophthalmopathy as Studied With MRI.

Purpose To evaluate whether patients with Graves' dysthyroid ophthalmopathy (GDO) have changes in brain anatomy that can be assessed by neuroimaging as compared to age-matched controls. Methods We examined 10 female, euthyroid patients with GDO and 14 age and gender matched controls using high-resolution structural MRI scanning. An automatic cortical segmentation algorithm was used to estimate the thickness of each subject's gray matter across the brain. The resulting cortical thickness measurements were transferred to a standard reference space via a template-based warping procedure. A statistical analysis of between-group cortical thickness differences using a general linear model with a combination of cluster-based and bootstrapped corrections for multiple comparisons was performed. Results Patients with GDO have statistically significant thinning of the gray matter sheet in a minimum of eight locations: six in the right hemisphere (insula, paracentral, precuneus, superior frontal cingulate, superioparietal and postcentral) and two in the left hemisphere (lateral occipital sulcus, fusiform gyrus). Left hemisphere thinning occurred in portions of the occipital lobe while right hemisphere thinning occurred in a set of frontal and parietal areas known to be involved in self-evaluation and emotional and cognitive regulation. Conclusion Patients with GDO exhibit localized changes in gray matter thickness. These changes may be associated with cognitive changes reported by GDO patients. Further research before and after treatment with larger patient cohorts and experimental protocols including psychiatric evaluation and functional MRI are recommended.
In vitro education of human natural killer cells by KIR3DL1

During development, NK cells are "educated" to respond aggressively to cells with low surface expression of HLA class I, a hallmark of malignant and infected cells. The mechanism of education involves interactions between inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and specific HLA epitopes, but the details of this process are unknown. Because of the genetic diversity of HLA class I genes, most people have NK cells that are incompletely educated, representing an untapped source of human immunity. We demonstrate how mature peripheral KIR3DL1+ human NK cells can be educated in vitro. To accomplish this, we trained NK cells expressing the inhibitory KIR3DL1 receptor by co-culturing them with target cells that expressed its ligand, Bw4+HLA-B. After this training, KIR3DL1+ NK cells increased their inflammatory and lytic responses toward target cells lacking Bw4+HLA-B, as though they had been educated in vivo. By varying the conditions of this basic protocol, we provide mechanistic and translational insights into the process NK cell education.
Evaluation of the Unyvero i60 ITI® multiplex PCR for infected chronic leg ulcers diagnosis.

Abstract Objectives Unyvero i60 ITI multiplex PCR (mPCR) may identify a large panel of bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, we compared results obtained by mPCR to standard bacteriology in chronic leg ulcer (CLU) infections. Methods A prospective study, part of the interventional-blinded randomized study “ulcerinfecte” ( NCT02889926 ), was conducted at Saint Joseph Hospital in Paris. Fifty patients with a suspicion of infected CLU were included between February 2017 and September 2018. Conventional bacteriology and mPCR were performed simultaneously on deep skin biopsies. Results Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most detected pathogens. Regarding the global sensitivity, mPCR is not overcome to the standard culture. Anaerobes and slow growing bacteria were detected with a higher sensitivity rate by mPCR than standard culture. Conclusion Unyvero i60 ITI multiplex PCR detected rapidly pathogenic bacteria in infected CLU especially anaerobes and slow growing bacteria and was particularly effective for patients previously treated with antibiotics.
EMC/I Analysis of Miniaturized Bio-Mechanical Sports Wearables

This paper presents an optimized miniaturized bio-mechanical sports wearable PCB layout in compliance to effective electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design principles. Separate ground plane is introduced using polygon pour and decoupling capacitor problem is addressed. Long traces carrying high frequency signals, which also become a source of un-intentional radiations, are minimized. Efforts are made to decrease loop area and to separate digital and analog signal traces. These modifications result in 32.45% reduction in Specific absorption rate (SAR). In order to further decrease SAR, carbon nano-filament based electromagnetic absorbing material sheet is incorporated. It caused an additional 85.86% reduction in SAR.
Identification of the Parameters of a Multivariate Normal Vector by the Distribution of the Maximum

This paper continues the work started by Basu and Ghosh (J. Mult. Anal. (1978), 8, 413–429), by Gilliland and Hannan (J. Amer. Stat. Assoc. (1980), 75, No. 371, 651–654), and then continued on by Mukherjea and Stephens (Prob. Theory and Rel. Fields (1990), 84, 289–296), and Elnaggar and Mukherjea (J. Stat. Planning and Inference (1990), 78, 23–37). Let (X1, X2,..., Xn) be a multivariate normal vector with zero means, a common correlation ρ and variances σ2 1, σ2 2,..., σ2 n such that the parameters ρ, σ2 1, σ2 2,..., s2 n are unknown, but the distribution of the max{Xi: 1≤i≤n} (or equivalently, the distribution of the min{Xi: 1≤i≤n}) is known. The problem is whether the parameters are identifiable and then how to determine the (unknown) parameters in terms of the distribution of the maximum (or its density). Here, we solve this problem for general n. Earlier, this problem was considered only for n≤3. Identifiability problems in related contexts were considered earlier by numerous authors including: T. W. Anderson and S. G. Ghurye, A. A. Tsiatis, H. A. David, S. M. Berman, A. Nadas, and many others. We also consider here the case where the Xi's have a common covariance instead of a common correlation.
Design-Technology Co-Optimization of Anti-Fuse Memory on Intel 22nm FinFET Technology

Design-technology co-optimization of Intel’s first FinFET Anti-Fuse (AF) memory using 22FFL technology is reported. The nMOS based 1T1C bit cell containing TG and TnG is sized to satisfy electrical performance, process marginality, area, and reliability spec. With gate dielectric breakdown as the mechanism of bit storage, it is found that improved gate oxide integrity is beneficial to post-breakdown resistance and overall array yield. Special attention on well design, source/drain optimization, gate height targeting and array layout in the face of 3-dimentional resistor networks in FinFET can significantly modulate array health. A 2.8 k-bit AF array with baseline yield exceeding 99.9% at no added process cost with medium SA margin setting is demonstrated.
Garbled RAM Revisited

The notion of garbled random-access machines (garbled RAMs) was introduced by Lu and Ostrovsky (Eurocrypt 2013). It can be seen as an analogue of Yao’s garbled circuits, that allows a user to garble a RAM program directly, without performing the expensive step of converting it into a circuit. In particular, the size of the garbled program and the time it takes to create and evaluate it are only proportional to its running time on a RAM rather than its circuit size. Lu and Ostrovsky gave a candidate construction of this primitive based on pseudo-random functions (PRFs). The starting point of this work is a subtle yet difficult-to-overcome issue with the Lu-Ostrovsky construction, that prevents a proof of security from going through. Specifically, the construction requires a complex “circular” use of Yao garbled circuits and PRFs. As our main result, we show how to remove this circularity and get a provably secure solution using identity-based encryption (IBE). We also abstract out, simplify and generalize the main ideas behind the Lu-Ostrovsky construction, making them easier to understand and analyze. In a companion work to ours (Part II), Lu and Ostrovsky show an alternative approach to solving the circularity problem. Their approach relies only on the existence of one-way functions, at the price of higher overhead. Specifically, our construction has overhead poly(κ)polylog(n) (with κ the security parameter and n the data size), while the Lu-Ostrovsky approach can achieve overhead poly(κ)n for any constant e > 0. It remains as an open problem to achieve an overhead of poly(κ)polylog(n) assuming only the existence of one-way functions.
Help-Seeking and Barriers to Care in Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: A Systematic Review

Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a prevalent phenomenon, yet an under-researched topic. Due to the complex nature of balancing love and fear, individuals who experience IPSV have unique needs and face unique barriers to seeking care. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the literature on help-seeking and barriers to care in IPSV. Articles were identified through PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Search terms included terms related to IPSV, intimate partner violence (IPV), domestic violence, sexual assault, and rape. The review was limited to the United States, and articles that were included needed to specifically measure or identify sexual violence in an intimate relationship and analyze or discuss IPSV in relation to help-seeking behaviors or barriers to care. Of the 17 articles included in this review, 13 were quantitative studies and four were qualitative studies. Various definitions and measurements of IPSV across studies included in this review make drawing broad conclusions challenging. Findings suggest that experiencing IPSV compared to experiencing nonsexual IPV (i.e., physical or psychological IPV) may increase help-seeking for medical, legal, and social services while decreasing help-seeking for informal support. Help-seeking can also reduce risk of future IPSV and decrease poor mental health outcomes. Barriers to seeking care in IPSV included social stigma, fear, and difficulty for individuals in identifying IPSV behaviors in their relationships as abuse. More inclusive research is needed among different populations including men, non-White individuals, nonheterosexual, and transgender individuals. Suggestions for research, practice, and policies are discussed.
Rapid assessment of mental health of Detroit-area health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic may adversely impact the mental health of health care workers (HCWs). To address this issue, it is essential to determine levels of anxiety, depression, and traumatic stress, and sources of stress, and to identify subgroups of HCWs at a higher risk of adverse mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of symptoms of mental illness in HCWs in the area surrounding Detroit, Michigan. The online survey included questions about demographics, health and clinical factors, and sources of stress. Several tools were used to assess psychiatric symptoms among HCWs, including the Perceived Stress Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item assessment, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5. The adequacy of personal protective equipment, patient resources, and training for highly contagious diseases were rated. RESULTS: The sample (N = 129) was predominantly female (51.2%) and White (65.9%), with 30.2% screening positive for clinical follow-up to assess anxiety, 20.9% for moderate to severe depression, and 16.3% for elevated traumatic stress. Differences were found by self-reported psychiatric diagnosis and chronic conditions, and role on treatment teams. CONCLUSIONS: Frontline HCWs demonstrate high levels of stress and trauma symptoms. Timely screening and accommodations may be needed during health care crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Wise teamwork: Collective confidence calibration predicts the effectiveness of group discussion

Abstract ‘Crowd wisdom’ refers to the surprising accuracy that can be attained by averaging judgments from independent individuals. However, independence is unusual; people often discuss and collaborate in groups. When does group interaction improve vs. degrade judgment accuracy relative to averaging the group's initial, independent answers? Two large laboratory studies explored the effects of 969 face-to-face discussions on the judgment accuracy of 211 teams facing a range of numeric estimation problems from geographic distances to historical dates to stock prices. Although participants nearly always expected discussions to make their answers more accurate, the actual effects of group interaction on judgment accuracy were decidedly mixed. Importantly, a novel, group-level measure of collective confidence calibration robustly predicted when discussion helped or hurt accuracy relative to the group's initial independent estimates. When groups were collectively calibrated prior to discussion, with more accurate members being more confident in their own judgment and less accurate members less confident, subsequent group interactions were likelier to yield increased accuracy. We argue that collective calibration predicts improvement because groups typically listen to their most confident members. When confidence and knowledge are positively associated across group members, the group's most knowledgeable members are more likely to influence the group's answers.