cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of hydrophobic interactions in positioning of peripheral proteins in membranes

Three-dimensional (3D) structures of numerous peripheral membrane proteins have been determined. Biological activity, stability, and conformations of these proteins depend on their spatial positions with respect to the lipid bilayer. However, these positions are usually undetermined. We report the first large-scale computational study of monotopic/peripheral proteins with known 3D structures. The optimal translational and rotational positions of 476 proteins are determined by minimizing energy of protein transfer from water to the lipid bilayer, which is approximated by a hydrocarbon slab with a decadiene-like polarity and interfacial regions characterized by water-permeation profiles. Predicted membrane-binding sites, protein tilt angles and membrane penetration depths are consistent with spin-labeling, chemical modification, fluorescence, NMR, mutagenesis, and other experimental studies of 53 peripheral proteins and peptides. Experimental membrane binding affinities of peripheral proteins were reproduced in cases that did not involve a helix-coil transition, specific binding of lipids, or a predominantly electrostatic association. Coordinates of all examined peripheral proteins and peptides with the calculated hydrophobic membrane boundaries, subcellular localization, topology, structural classification, and experimental references are available through the Orientations of Proteins in Membranes (OPM) database. Positions of diverse peripheral proteins and peptides in the lipid bilayer can be accurately predicted using their 3D structures that represent a proper membrane-bound conformation and oligomeric state, and have membrane binding elements present. The success of the implicit solvation model suggests that hydrophobic interactions are usually sufficient to determine the spatial position of a protein in the membrane, even when electrostatic interactions or specific binding of lipids are substantial. Our results demonstrate that most peripheral proteins not only interact with the membrane surface, but penetrate through the interfacial region and reach the hydrocarbon interior, which is consistent with published experimental studies.
From Scared to Repaired: Using an Attachment‐Based Perspective to Understand Situational Couple Violence

Situational couple violence (SCV) is a common problem in couples presenting for therapy. SCV, as seen through the lens of attachment, can be viewed as a result of an insecure attachment system within the couple. Although several authors have discussed individual attachment styles as predictors of both the receipt and perpetration of violence, in this article we seek to portray the attachment system as a relational and changing construct. As such, we argue for conjoint treatment for SCV as a way to restructure a more secure attachment system within the couple. Cautions for the appropriateness of couples counseling with ongoing violence are included. Finally, we discuss the use of an attachment-based safety plan and time-out strategy to use with couples experiencing SCV.
Learning the Semantic Correlation: An Alternative Way to Gain from Unlabeled Text

In this paper, we address the question of what kind of knowledge is generally transferable from unlabeled text. We suggest and analyze the semantic correlation of words as a generally transferable structure of the language and propose a new method to learn this structure using an appropriately chosen latent variable model. This semantic correlation contains structural information of the language space and can be used to control the joint shrinkage of model parameters for any specific task in the same space through regularization. In an empirical study, we construct 190 different text classification tasks from a real-world benchmark, and the unlabeled documents are a mixture from all these tasks. We test the ability of various algorithms to use the mixed unlabeled text to enhance all classification tasks. Empirical results show that the proposed approach is a reliable and scalable method for semi-supervised learning, regardless of the source of unlabeled data, the specific task to be enhanced, and the prediction model used.
Characteristics of intermediate water flow in the Benguela current as measured with RAFOS floats

Abstract Seven floats (not launched in rings) crossed over the mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Benguela extension with a mean westward velocity of around 2 cm / s between 22S and 35S. Two Agulhas rings crossed over the mid-Atlantic Ridge with a mean velocity of 5.7 cm / s toward 285°. This implies they translated at around 3.8 cm / s through the background velocity field near 750 m . The boundaries of the Benguela Current extension were clearly defined from the observations. At 750 m the Benguela extension was bounded on the south by 35S and the north by an eastward current located between 18S and 21S. Other recent float measurements suggest that this eastward current originates near the Trindade Ridge close to the western boundary and extends across most of the South Atlantic, limiting the Benguela extension from flowing north of around 20S. The westward transport of the Benguela extension was estimated to be 15 Sv by integrating the mean westward velocities from 22S to 35S and multiplying by the 500 m estimated thickness of intermediate water. Roughly 1.5 Sv of this are transported by the ∼3 Agulhas rings that cross the mid-Atlantic Ridge each year (as observed with altimetry). This value of the Benguela extension transport is the first one to have been obtained from long-term (two-year) observations and across the full width of the Benguela extension.
Reference gene validation for qPCR in rat carotid body during postnatal development

The carotid bodies are the main arterial oxygen chemoreceptors in mammals. Afferent neural output from the carotid bodies to brainstem respiratory and cardiovascular nuclei provides tonic input and mediates important protective responses to acute and chronic hypoxia. It is widely accepted that the selection of reference genes for mRNA normalization in quantitative real-time PCR must be validated for a given tissue and set of conditions. This is particularly important for studies in carotid body during early postnatal maturation as the arterial oxygen tension undergoes major changes from fetal to postnatal life, which may affect reference gene expression. In order to determine the most stable and suitable reference genes for the study of rat carotid body during development, six commonly used reference genes, β-actin, RPII (RNA polymerase II), PPIA (peptidyl-proyl-isomerase A), TBP (TATA-box binding protein), GAPDH, and 18s rRNA, were evaluated in two age groups (P0-1 and P14-16) under three environmental oxygen conditions (normoxia, chronic hypoxia and chronic hyperoxia) using the three most commonly used software programs, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper.
Shape Decomposition Approach for Ultrasound Color Doppler Image Segmentation

We present a novel technique for segmenting blood vessels in ultrasound color Doppler images based on shape decomposition. Ultrasound color Doppler images frequently suffer from a vessel linking artifact called color bleeding. The proposed technique decomposes a complex binary object representing either two or more vessels artificially linked together or a main vessel with its branches. The resulting simple parts represent distinct vessels that can be used in further object recognition and quantification applications.
Frequency extrapolation to enhance the deconvolution of transmitted seismic waves

We investigate the enhanced deconvolution of transmitted seismic waves from distant natural sources using autoregressive extrapolation (AR) and extended time-domain deconvolution. The amplitude spectrum of deconvolved seismograms is often restricted to a reduced frequency range from the use of a water table for the deconvolution. The attenuation effects on the teleseismic seismic waves also reduce the frequency content of the data. We compare the deconvolved spectra obtained from an AR-extended deconvolution (EARD) and an extended time-domain deconvolution (ETDD) technique for teleseismic waves. For EARD, we analyse the spectral content for the deconvolved spectra to differentiate between the domains of known and unknown spectral values. A prediction error filter is used to perform the autoregressive extrapolation to estimate the unknown spectral values. This procedure is applied on 1D and 2D synthetic data to test the approach. The EARD approach is then compared with the ETDD approach which applies an extended high-pass filter to the time-domain deconvolution approach. Both the EARD and ETDD approaches for extending the effective frequency range of the deconvolution results are then compared using observed teleseismic data recorded in southern India.
Incorporation of Interoperability in a Robot-Assisted Orthopedic Surgery System

The current robot-assisted surgery has built in significant safety features, force feedback system, pre-operative planning software, but due to a lack of communication between the robot and the surrounding medical devices, undesirable and potentially unsafe actions could still occur, endangering the patient condition. To achieve major improvement of safety during an operation, an interoperability feature is implemented in a robot-assisted orthopedic surgery system coupled with smart interactions between medical devices. The proposed design consists of integrating an interoperable central decision-making unit (CDMU), wirelessly activating safety interlocks on the surgical robot and preventing surgical complications. Two different patient states, namely, normal and critical risk states, were simulated, and the reactions of the designed system were analyzed. In the interoperability-based design, the system is able to achieve appropriate reactions to various situations at risk in a timely manner, increasing the confidence of the clinical staff operating then in a safer robot-assisted surgery environment.
Social Determinants of Physical Inactivity in the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS)

Physical inactivity is an important and modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factor. Little is known about the social determinants of physical inactivity in older, urban-dwelling populations. We collected socio-demographic and medical risk factor information and physical activity questionnaires in the Northern Manhattan Study. Logistic regression models were constructed to examine whether measures of social isolation, race-ethnicity, and sex were associated with physical inactivity. Physical inactivity was present in 40.5% of the cohort. In multivariable models adjusted for medical comorbidities, Hispanic race-ethnicity (compared to non-Hispanic white) was associated with higher odds of physical inactivity (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.78, 2.67), while women were more likely to be inactive than men (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.15, 1.54). Having Medicaid/being uninsured (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02, 1.42), and having fewer than 3 friends (1.41, 95% CI 1.15, 1.72) were also associated with physical inactivity. Physical inactivity is common, particularly in Hispanics, women, and those who are socially isolated. Public health interventions aimed at increasing physical activity in these more sedentary groups are required.
Efficacy to effectiveness transition of an Educational Program to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening (EPICS): study protocol of a cluster randomized controlled trial

Background: African Americans have the highest incidence and mortality and are less likely than whites to have been screened for colorectal cancer (CRC). Many interventions have been shown to increase CRC screening in research settings, but few have been evaluated specifically for use in African-American communities in real world settings. This study aims to identify the most efficacious approach to disseminate an evidence-based intervention in promoting colorectal screening in African Americans and to identify the factors associated with its efficacy. Methods/design: In this study, investigators will recruit 20 community coalitions and 7,200 African-Americans age 50 to 74 to test passive and active approaches to disseminating the Educational Program to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening (EPICS); to measure the extent to which EPICS is accepted and the fidelity of implementation in various settings and to estimate the potential translatability and public health impact of EPICS. This four-arm cluster randomized trial compares the following implementation strategies: passive arms, (web access to facilitator training materials and toolkits without technical assistance (TA) and (web access, but with technical assistance (TA); active arms, (in-person access to facilitator training materials and toolkits without TA and (in-person access with TA). Primary outcome measures are the reach (the proportion of representative community coalitions and individuals participating) and efficacy (post-intervention changes in CRC screening rates). Secondary outcomes include adoption (percentage of community coalitions implementing the EPICS sessions) and implementation (quality and consistency of the intervention delivery). The extent to which community coalitions continue to implement EPICS post-implementation (maintenance) will also be measured. Cost-effectiveness analysis will be conducted. Discussion: Implementing EPICS in partnership with community coalitions, we hypothesized, will result in more rapid adoption than traditional top-down approaches, and resulting changes in community CRC screening practices are more likely to be sustainable over time. With its national reach, this study has the potential to enhance our understanding of barriers and enablers to the uptake of educational programs aimed at eliminating cancer disparities. Trial registration: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01805622
Measuring ISP topologies with rocketfuel

To date, realistic ISP topologies have not been accessible to the research community, leaving work that depends on topology on an uncertain footing. In this paper, we present new Internet mapping techniques that have enabled us to directly measure router-level ISP topologies. Our techniques reduce the number of required traces compared to a brute-force, all-to-all approach by three orders of magnitude without a significant loss in accuracy. They include the use of BGP routing tables to focus the measurements, exploiting properties of IP routing to eliminate redundant measurements, better alias resolution, and the use of DNS to divide each map into POPs and backbone. We collect maps from ten diverse ISPs using our techniques, and find that our maps are substantially more complete than those of earlier Internet mapping efforts. We also report on properties of these maps, including the size of POPs, distribution of router outdegree, and the inter-domain peering structure. As part of this work, we release our maps to the community.
Advertising and Influencing the “Good Life”

Virtue theory proposes that a person's conception of the good life sets the ends, goals, and purposes of her acts, and as such, one's conception of the good life is a fundamental source of human action. Insofar as a person's conception of the good life is transmitted through her community, philosophers such as Alasdair Maclntyre and Cornel West have argued that the social, economic, and political institutions of liberalism, capitalism, and market economies have a profound effect on moral development of those people who live in them.2 The potential negative impact of some institutions in one's community is perhaps best summed up by West in Race Matters through his critique of black conservatism, which West thinks promotes heavily free market capitalism while simultaneously calling for the retimi of personal moral responsibility of the members of the black community. West writes:
Reviving the FDA

Approaching the end of her first year as commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Dr. Margaret Hamburg remarked that, despite past experience with government bureaucracies, she is struck by how hard it is to make her agency act quickly. “You feel it differently at the FDA — how long it takes to move things through the system,” she told an audience at the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in February. “The process of regulation does not allow you to respond in a timely way to emerging science or to other important emerging concerns.” The FDA's principal deputy commissioner, Dr. . . .
On Evaluation Factors for the Risk Investment Institutions and Venture Capitalists

Through the comparative analysis of the original risk investment institutions and venture capitalists ranked data,the paper designs the risk investment institutions rank evaluation standard,regional rank evaluation standard,industry ranking criteria,individual ranking standard,characteristic ranking criteria and venture capitalist rank evaluation factors,forming a scientific evaluation system of venture capital institutions and venture capitalists. The systern comprehensively evaluates the risk investment institutions from financial indictors and human indictors,to reflect its growth and investigate venture capitalists' contribution to it,which have certain reference significance to perfect the evaluation mechanism and improve venture capital institutions and venture capitalists ranking system in our country.
Synthesis of LC networksߞa state-model approach

In the paper, a general procedure for realising the state model of an LC n-port network is presented. Realisation procedures of n-port LC networks are well established if the specification is given in the complex-frequency domain. The procedure presented here represents an alternative to these well established methods, and is believed to give new insight into the problem of transformerless realisation of LC networks.
Introduction: Beginnings in Endings

Doreen Massey describes cities as ‘the intersections of multiple narratives’, a nexus of distinctive and coexisting stories (1999: 171). I am interested in what follows in certain kinds of urban stories, those comprising some of the texts of modernist and postmodernist literature and film, and in how they interpret the changing physical forms, subjective and social experience of the city. I read these texts, so to speak, to understand how they have read the city, but also to discern how urban forms and processes have enabled or limited those readings. As this suggests, I see the ‘imaginary’ and the ‘actual’ as existing in a constitutive dialogue and therefore depart from recent post-structuralist accounts of the entirely discursive or written city (Wolfreys, 1998, Donald, 1999). lain Sinclair speaks of the ‘city as a darker self: a theatre of possibilities in which I can audition lives that never happened’ (1999c: 7), and this captures my sense of the exploratory role of fiction and the symbolic imaginary as it uncovers alternatives within present realities. Above all I am interested in how single and collective urban identities are in this way made, undermined or re-imagined. My primary examples are of London and New York, commonly recognized as the leading ‘modern’ cities at the turn of and into the first half of the twentieth century, and described as exemplary ‘global’, ‘postmodern’ or ‘postcolonial’ cities at the century’s end. For some commentators this millennial moment is the time too of the ‘post-metropolis’, as urban life, even in established Western cities, moves decidedly beyond its earlier classic forms. I turn most directly to this theme at the volume’s close.
Social Movements in a Polarized America

This book is about the formation and dissolution of an alliance between a social movement and a political party during a time of high partisan polarization. The story of this alliance is not about back-room deals among elites who negotiated a partnership and then eventually betrayed their allies. In contrast to prior research on party-movement alliances, ours is a story about a multitude of participants in a movement and a party who separately shifted their attention and effort among causes in light of developing political events. In telling this story, we emphasize how macrolevel outcomes were a consequence of these individual-level behaviors. The shifts were driven in part by intersectional identities that were critical lenses through which actors interpreted events and decided where to focus their energy. The fact that partisan identities tended to be stronger and more enduring than their intersecting movement identities led the party in the street to serve the interests of the party over the interests of the movement. In the case of the antiwar movement and the Democratic Party after 9/11, this pattern played out through the behavior of grassroots activists, advocacy organizations, and members of Congress. We document the collapse of the antiwar movement after the election of President Barack Obama. Key to our argument is that this collapse was led by Democratically identified individual activists, organizations, coalitions, legislators, and funders. Of course, Democrats were not the only ones who left the movement. The movement declined for a variety of reasons, such as activist burnout from years of protest and the scarcity of funding after the global financial crisis of 2008–2009. But the fact that these declines occurred disproportionately among Democratically identified sources lends strong support to our partisan identification theory of mobilization. In contrast to prior research on social movement mobilization, ours helps to explain how partisan identifications shaped actors' interpretations of ambiguous U.S. foreign policies, how they allocated energy to antiwar movement goals, and why they shifted attention to other policy issues, such as health care.
Theoretical Foundation of Critical Literacies and Global and Multicultural Education

In this chapter, I invite the reader to a more in-depth discussion on critical literacies from global and multicultural perspectives by presenting important theoretical constructs of each field. I first provide a historical and theoretical review of global and multicultural education, followed by the literature review of critical literacies, including relevant definitions. Overall, this chapter serves as the literature review of the three areas. Through this review, I attempt to answer the question on why global and multicultural perspectives matter in the field of critical literacies.
The case for species selection

The mere existence of speciation and extinction make macroevolutionary processes possible. Speciation and extinction introduce discontinuities in the microevolutionary change within lineages by initiating, disrupting, and terminating the continuity of species lineages. Within a clade, speciation and extinction become potent means of macroevolution in and of themselves. This process, termed species selection, is a macroevolutionary analogue of natural selection, with species playing an analogous part akin to that played by organisms in microevolution. Regardless, it has proven difficult to think about levels of selection. The concept of species sorting was introduced to help our thinking on this issue by identifying two sources of uncertainty: uncertainty in the level that selection acts and uncertainty about if the pattern of selection is in fact caused at all. Thanks to insights from evolutionary transitions in individuality, we now know more about how to identify the level of selection and how to parse the causal structure in hierarchical evolutionary circumstances. We know that if the fitness of organisms causes the fitness of more inclusive species then they must covary. However, there is no evidence of such a covariance between fitness. This covariance is just not observed; neither between cells and organisms nor between organisms and species. Rather, speciation and extinction rates appear to be completely divorced from organismal fitness. With this insight, the concept of sorting only covers the two processes of selection and drift. I argue that we are better off focusing on understanding the processes of species selection and drift and that there is therefore no further need for the concept of species sorting.
Long-Term Sequela of Trauma

A number of theorists have initiated a powerful paradigm shift in which chronic exposure to trauma is believed to underlie the development of serious psychological disorders including Borderline Personality Disorder and Dissociative Identity Disorder.
The normal human ventricular gradient: V. The relationship between ÂQRS and Ĝ, and the potential variations of the body surface

Abstract The distribution of the net QRS and QRS-T potentials on the body surface supports the earlier conclusion that there is a spatial angle between the mean spatial QRS axis (SÂ QRS ) and the mean spatial QRS-T axis (SĜ). The earlier inference that small magnitudes of the mean QRS axis are due to a relatively backward projection of the mean spatial QRS axis (SÂ QRS ) also receives added support, but the results indicate that some other factor or factors are sometimes also involved. Our results suggest further that no very large errors are involved in the use of the common terminal of Wilson as a zero reference point.
Accounting for the temporal variation of spatial effect improves inference and projection of population dynamics models

Abstract Population dynamics models incorporating density dependence and habitat heterogeneity are useful tools to explain and project the spatiotemporal variation of wildlife abundance. Despite their wide application in ecology and conservation biology, the inference and projection of these models may be problematic when residual spatial autocorrelation (SAC) is found. We aimed to improve the inference and projection of population dynamics models by accounting for residual SAC. We considered three Gompertz models that incorporated density dependence and the effect of wetland habitat to explain and project the abundance of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). We compared a conventional model that did not account for residual SAC (ENV) with two novel models accounting for residual SAC, one incorporating a spatial effect (a spatially autocorrelated process error) that did not vary over time (STA) and the other incorporating a spatial effect that varied over time (DYN). We evaluated model inference using data from 1974 to 1998 and projection using data from 1999 to 2010. We then forecasted Mallard abundance from 2011 to 2100 under different levels of wetland habitat loss. The DYN model eliminated residual SAC and had better model fit than the ENV and STA models ( Δ D ¯ = 2498.3 a n d 1988.8 , respectively). The projection coverage rate of the DYN model was the closest to the nominal value among the three models. The DYN model forecasted smaller areas with decrease in Mallard abundance under future wetland habitat loss than the ENV and STA models. The novel and conventional population dynamics models we considered in this study, combined with the practical model evaluation approach, can provide reliable inference and projection of wildlife abundance, and thus have wide application in ecological studies and conservation practices that aim to understand and project the spatiotemporal variation of wildlife abundance under environmental changes. In particular, when conservation decision-making is based on model projections, the DYN may be used to minimize the risk of reducing conservation effort in areas that still have high conservation value, due to its favorable projection performance.
‘Another National Anthem’: Public Memory, Burkean Identification, and the Musical Assassins

In this article Valerie Lynn Schrader examines the musical Assassins through the rhetorical lenses of public memory and Kenneth Burke's theory of identification. Offering a close textual analysis of the musical's script and cast recording, she argues that Assassins, along with its audiences, serves to co-create a public memory of the men and women who attempted to assassinate Presidents of the United States of America. Her article contends that Assassins creates a chilling consubstantiality between the characters in the musical and theatregoers through Burkean identification, which may cause cognitive dissonance for many audience members. Through identifying key themes in the musical, she argues that these both connect with the assassins' motives and are common human experiences, serving not only to create public memory of the stories, but also to humanize the assassins and create a bond between audience and characters – while the song ‘Something Just Broke’ undermines this connection and encourages audience members to identify with the mourning American public. Valerie Lynn Schrader is Associate Professor of Communications and Interim Director of Academic Affairs at the Schuylkill Campus of the Pennsylvania State University. Her research focuses on rhetorical messages in theatre works, especially musical theatre productions. She is herself a classically trained lyric soprano/soubrette.
Population Structure and Site Characteristics of the Rare Shasta Snow-Wreath (Neviusia cliftonii)

The Shasta snow-wreath (Neviusia cliftonii Shevock, Ertter & D.W. Taylor; Rosaceae) is a rare shrub, endemic to areas near Shasta Lake in the eastern Klamath Range of northern California, USA. Since discovery in 1992, the number of known populations has increased from 3 to 33. Shasta snow-wreath is a thicket-forming shrub, thought to reproduce primarily vegetatively, where individual stems (ramets) arise from the root system. We provide the first descriptions of demography and site characteristics using data collected in eight populations of Shasta snow-wreath. We established permanently-marked transects and recorded the number of ramets, individual stem heights, and the number of inflorescences in 2011, 2012, and 2013. We also characterized sites by tree canopy, shrub components, fuels, vegetation, and ground cover. Using the number of ramets recorded and the total population area, we estimated the number of ramets in each population (‘ramet population size'). Ramet population size ranged from 716 to 18,641 (mean = 5467), and the average maximum stem height ranged from 50 to 159 cm (mean = 104 cm). Larger ramet population size and taller stems were both associated with less tree cover. The two largest ramet population sizes were found at the two highest elevations and most west-facing sites. The average number of inflorescences per stem over three years ranged from 0.08 to 4.91 (mean = 2.76) and showed an increase with elevation. How Shasta snow-wreath will respond to succession or disturbances is unknown, but the negative relationship of ramet population size and canopy cover indicates that fire may have been important for influencing the population size historically. Continued monitoring of the studied populations, and the addition of more populations to the monitoring program, would be useful for detecting demographic changes and for better understanding the factors that govern Shasta snow-wreath.
STATIN USE IN US ADULTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: A COMPARISON OF TREATMENT GUIDELINES

Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines provide recommendations for statins among adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) provides statin recommendations for the general population. These guidelines
Selected recent studies of exercise, energy metabolism, body weight, and blood lipids relevant to interpretation and design of studies of exercise and cancer.

The elucidation of the relationship between intake of calories, particularly from fat, and tumorigenesis in humans or animal models requires investigation of the other side of the energy equation, namely utilization of calories. The intake and utilization of dietary energy sources are governed by many exogenous and endogenous factors, any one or any grouping of which might influence cancer induction and development. Review of the chapters on metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and energy and of the metabolic charts provided in a recent textbook1 gives a well-balanced picture of the myriad aspects to be considered. Asking questions about the interactions between energy supply and utilization in exercise adds further complexity, as may be discerned from reading the literature on exercise and plasma lipids in humans. Moving from studies in human subjects to studies in animal models, which must be done to develop definitive data on many aspects of carcinogenesis, imposes a further layer of uncertainty and a clear need to standardize methods and to model as closely as possible human experience and responses.
Validity of the Superiority and Goal Instability Scales as Predictors of Women's Adjustment to College Life

Partial support was found for the Superiority and Goal Instability scales, measures derived from a self-psychology perspective, as predictors of women's freshman adjustment to college life.
General Circulation of Water Masses in the Red Sea

A summary is given of the main features of the Red Sea circulation caused by evaporation and wind stress. Average temperature and salinity distributions are discussed, and some estimates of the water budget and water renewal times are calculated.
Potential-Induced Degradation of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 Solar Cells: Alkali Metal Drift and Diffusion Effects

Potential-induced degradation (PID) of photovoltaic modules is due to transport of alkali metal ions (Na+ ) from the soda-lime glass (SLG) into the semiconductors. For the most efficient polycrystalline absorbers, Na and K in the Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2 (CIGS) absorber often benefit performance, so a more detailed mechanism for PID is needed. To that end, CIGS solar cells have been encapsulated, stressed with high voltage, and cored to extract the active regions for characterization. SLG substrates led to 14.9% efficiency on average, which reduced to 0% after 25 h of −1000 V bias. This was accompanied by increased Na in the CIGS layer, particularly at the buffer interface, as well as decreased carrier concentrations. On the other hand, borosilicate glass substrates with low Na and high K content led to 13.6% efficiency on average, which only reduced to 12.1% after 25 h of stress. This was accompanied by slightly increased K content in the CIGS layer. As K has led to recent world record efficiency CIGS devices, understanding Na and K similarities and differences may help to enhance initial efficiency and reduce PID.
Improved glucose homeostasis in male obese Zucker rats coincides with enhanced baroreflexes and activation of the nucleus tractus solitarius.

Young adult male obese Zucker rats (OZR) develop insulin resistance and hypertension with impaired baroreflex-mediated bradycardia and activation of nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Because type 1...
Effects of opaque, weighted bottles on maternal sensitivity and infant intake

Caregivers' abilities to assess how much is in the bottle may lead to encouragement of infant bottle emptying and overfeeding. The present study assessed whether use of opaque, weighted bottles (as compared with conventional, clear bottles) improves feeding outcomes. Mothers with infants <32 weeks of age (n = 76) were assessed on two separate days. Mothers fed their infants from an opaque, weighted bottle on 1 day and a clear bottle on the other; conditions were counterbalanced. Blinded raters certified in the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale scored all videos to determine maternal sensitivity. Infant intake was assessed by weighing the bottle before and after each feeding, and feeding outcomes included infant intake (mL), intake per kilogram body weight (mL/kg), meal duration (min), and feed rate (mL/min). Mothers exhibited significantly greater sensitivity (p = 0.041), fed their infants fewer millilitres per kilogram body weight (p = 0.049), and fed their infants at a significantly slower rate (p = 0.009) when using opaque compared with clear bottles. Infant clarity of cues was a significant moderator of effects of bottle type on intake per kilogram body weight (p = 0.028): Infants who exhibited greater clarity of cues were fed less during the opaque versus clear conditions whereas infants who exhibited poorer clarity of cues were fed similar amounts during both conditions. Effects of bottle type were not moderated by bottle contents (expressed breast milk vs. formula). In sum, promotion of opaque, weighted bottles for infant feeding may be a pragmatic approach to improve the quality and outcome of bottle-feeding interactions.
Arrhythmia dynamics in computational models of the atria following virtual ablation of re-entrant drivers.

Aims Efforts to improve ablation success rates in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) patients by targeting re-entrant driver (RD) sites have been hindered by weak mechanistic understanding regarding emergent RDs localization following initial fibrotic substrate modification. This study aimed to systematically assess arrhythmia dynamics after virtual ablation of RD sites in computational models. Methods and results Simulations were conducted in 12 patient-specific atrial models reconstructed from pre-procedure late gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging scans. In a previous study involving these same models, we comprehensively characterized pre-ablation RDs in simulations conducted with either 'average human AF'-based electrophysiology (i.e. EPavg) or ±10% action potential duration or conduction velocity (i.e. EPvar). Re-entrant drivers seen under the EPavg condition were virtually ablated and the AF initiation protocol was re-applied. Twenty-one emergent RDs were observed in 9/12 atrial models (1.75 ± 1.35 emergent RDs per model); these dynamically localized to boundary regions between fibrotic and non-fibrotic tissue. Most emergent RD locations (15/21, 71.4%) were within 0.1 cm of sites where RDs were seen pre-ablation in simulations under EPvar conditions. Importantly, this suggests that the level of uncertainty in our models' ability to predict patient-specific ablation targets can be substantially mitigated by running additional simulations that include virtual ablation of RDs. In 7/12 atrial models, at least one episode of macro-reentry around ablation lesion(s) was observed. Conclusion Arrhythmia episodes after virtual RD ablation are perpetuated by both emergent RDs and by macro-reentrant circuits formed around lesions. Custom-tailoring of ablation procedures based on models should take steps to mitigate these sources of AF recurrence.
Single Event Effects Characterization Using a Single Photon Absorption Laser

The use of a pulsed laser to analyze a circuit's susceptibility to radiation-induced errors has been a topic of interest to the radiation effects community. Research has shown that while lasers inject charge differently compared to radiation, the errors observed match closely. Los Alamos National Laboratories (LANL) has procured a single photon absorption pulsed laser system designed for radiation effects testing. It is currently unknown how the system correlates to other test facilities. In this paper we present a comparison between results obtained at LANL to existing published results. We also show that, for our system, there is only a small difference between topside and backside laser testing.
Fraud Detection Protocol for Web-Based Research Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Development and Descriptive Evaluation.

Background: Internet is becoming an increasingly common tool for survey research, particularly among “hidden” or vulnerable populations, such as men who have sex with men (MSM). Web-based research has many advantages for participants and researchers, but fraud can present a significant threat to data integrity. Objective: The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate fraud detection strategies in a Web-based survey of young MSM and describe new protocols to improve fraud detection in Web-based survey research. Methods: This study involved a cross-sectional Web-based survey that examined individual- and network-level risk factors for HIV transmission and substance use among young MSM residing in 15 counties in Central Kentucky. Each survey entry, which was at least 50% complete, was evaluated by the study staff for fraud using an algorithm involving 8 criteria based on a combination of geolocation data, survey data, and personal information. Entries were classified as fraudulent, potentially fraudulent, or valid. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe each fraud detection criterion among entries. Results: Of the 414 survey entries, the final categorization resulted in 119 (28.7%) entries identified as fraud, 42 (10.1%) as potential fraud, and 253 (61.1%) as valid. Geolocation outside of the study area (164/414, 39.6%) was the most frequently violated criterion. However, 33.3% (82/246) of the entries that had ineligible geolocations belonged to participants who were in eligible locations (as verified by their request to mail payment to an address within the study area or participation at a local event). The second most frequently violated criterion was an invalid phone number (94/414, 22.7%), followed by mismatching names within an entry (43/414, 10.4%) and unusual email addresses (37/414, 8.9%). Less than 5% (18/414) of the entries had some combination of personal information items matching that of a previous entry. Conclusions: This study suggests that researchers conducting Web-based surveys of MSM should be vigilant about the potential for fraud. Researchers should have a fraud detection algorithm in place prior to data collection and should not rely on the Internet Protocol (IP) address or geolocation alone, but should rather use a combination of indicators.
Horror on the periphery of modernity: the invention of the baixada fluminense and the legendary Tenório Cavalcanti

The 1950s stand out as the “Golden Years” in the collective memory of many Brazilians. Sandwiched between the authoritarian periods of the Estado Novo dictatorship led by Getulio Vargas (1937–45) and a military dictatorship (1964–85), the decade was a time of great optimism for the country's future. Many hoped that the country would enjoy a lasting democratic system accompanied by the ever-increasing trappings of modernity. Indeed, a surge of economic growth and industrial development during Vargas's return as a democratically elected president (1951–54), followed by a massive industrialization program crowned by the construction of the ultramodern capital of Brasilia under Juscelino Kubitschek (1956–61), gave true believers reason for optimism.
A Novel Stereoselective Cyclization to Functionalized Dihydropyrans

An indium trichloride-mediated highly diastereoselective tandem carbonyl allylation−Prins cyclization−chlorination of aldehydes with allylstannane-generated 4-halotetrahydropyrans in high yields. The reaction of 3-trimethylsilylallyltributylstannane with aldehydes led to the formation of 2,6-dialkyl-3,4-dihydropyrans with a cis diastereoselectivity.
Genetic Variants Implicate Dual Oxidase-2 in Familial and Sporadic Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer.

Highly penetrant hereditary thyroid cancer manifests as familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC), whereas low-penetrance hereditary thyroid cancer manifests as sporadic disease and is associated with common polymorphisms, including rs965513[A]. Whole-exome sequencing of an FNMTC kindred identified a novel Y1203H germline dual oxidase-2 (DUOX2) mutation. DUOX2Y1203H is enzymatically active, with increased production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, patients with sporadic thyroid cancer homozygous for rs965513[A] demonstrated higher DUOX2 expression than heterozygous rs965513[A/G] or homozygous rs965513[A]-negative patients. These data suggest that dysregulated hydrogen peroxide metabolism is a common mechanism by which high- and low-penetrance genetic factors increase thyroid cancer risk. Significance: This study provides novel insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying familial and sporadic thyroid cancers.
U.S. Government To Award Billions Of Dollars In Contracts To Open Electronic Marketplaces To Government Customers—Though Serious Questions Remain

Proposals to the U.S. General Services Administration are due soon in a $6 billion procurement under which multiple no-cost contracts will be awarded to vendors that will open electronic marketplaces to federal users making micro-purchases (generally up to $10,000). Although federal purchase card holders have long been able to make micro-purchases with few regulatory constraints regarding competition, transparency or socioeconomic requirements, this new initiative appears likely to normalize and expand those purchases—and so may revolutionize small purchases in the federal market. This article assesses some of the key concerns—from cybersecurity to bid protests to pricing—that still surround this important initiative.
Ethical Oversight of Direct-to-Consumer Neurotechnologies: The FDA, the FTC, or Self-Regulation?

Kreitmair (2019) convincingly articulates the need for reframing the ethical discussion about direct-to-consumer (DTC) neurotechnologies around the goal of contributing to human flourishing. This a...
Joining Dissimilar Materials via Rotational Hammer Riveting Technique

A robust, economically viable joining method for Mg/Al and Mg/CFRP could enable multi-material assemblies that decrease vehicle weight while offering more flexibility for designers. However, certain challenges exist for joining Mg/Al and Mg/CFRP. Mechanical joining, such as conventional riveting, clinching and bolting do not form a metallurgical bond between the fastener and metal sheet being fastened. Large differences in physical and mechanical properties of metals and polymers make joining Al or Mg to CFRP challenging via various welding techniques. For Mg/Al pair, solid-phase and fusion-based welding results in rapid formation of brittle intermetallic compounds at the interface leading to premature interfacial fracture under mechanical loading. In this study, a Rotational Hammer Rivet (RHR) technique was developed to fabricate Mg/CFRP and Mg/Al joints. With RHR technique, direct joining between Mg/Al and Mg/CFRP were replaced by joining Mg rivet head and top Mg sheet. Through heat generated by plastic deformation of an Mg rivet, RHR creates a metallurgical bond between rivet head and Mg sheet which seals corrosive electrolyte from penetrating around the rivet head.
Tumors of the Ear and Temporal Bone

This chapter focuses on tumors that are unique to and that are primarily localized to the three compartments of the ear. In addition, due to overlapping symptomatology as well as radiological features, tumors from the middle ear and the inner ear are grouped together.
Technical Note: Use of automation to eliminate shift errors

Purpose To create automated tools within the treatment planning system (TPS) that eliminate the common error pathway of providing incorrect shift instructions to therapists. Materials/methods Two scripts were created within the TPS using the Eclipse API (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). One script detects whether or not the user origin has been placed correctly at the intersection of the simulation markers while the other calculates a shift instruction sheet that can be printed for treatment. Results Analysis of our RO-ILS database identified eight errors caused by improper setting of the user origin in the treatment planning system. The user origin script flagged all of the treatment plans for markers inconsistent with user origin. Automated calculation of shifts eliminated the error pathway of miscalculating or transcribing shift values. Conclusion Automation can eliminate the common error pathway of providing the wrong shifts to therapists. The scripts have been made available as open-source software for implementation at other radiotherapy clinics.