cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Semantics and Saṃketa: Thoughts on a Neglected Problem with Buddhist Apoha Doctrine

“...a theory of meaning for a particular language should be conceived by a philosopher as describing the practice of linguistic interchange by speakers of the language without taking it as already understood what it is to have a language at all: that is what, by imagining such a theory, we are trying to make explict." – Michael Dummer (2004: 31)
Tracking fetal development through molecular analysis of maternal biofluids

Current monitoring of fetal development includes fetal ultrasonography, chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis for chromosome analysis, and maternal serum biochemical screening for analytes associated with aneuploidy and open neural tube defects. Over the last 15 years, significant advances in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) via cell-free fetal (cff) nucleic acids in maternal plasma have resulted in the ability to determine fetal sex, RhD genotype, and aneuploidy. Cff nucleic acids in the maternal circulation originate primarily from the placenta. This contrasts with cff nucleic acids in amniotic fluid, which derive from the fetus, and are present in significantly higher concentrations than in maternal blood. The fetal origin of cff nucleic acids in the amniotic fluid permits the acquisition of real-time information about fetal development and gene expression. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular analysis of cff nucleic acids in maternal biofluids to elucidate mechanisms of fetal development, physiology, and pathology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Molecular Genetics of Human Reproductive Failure.
Use of laboratory and clinical factors in the management of pregnancies complicated by maternal disease

Abstract Data are presented on 300 cases from the Obstetric Service of the Medical College of Virginia Hospitals where the combination of clinical and laboratory data were utilized in the management of a variety of obstetric complications. The results indicated a high degree of reliability with the mature LSratio in patients with premature rupture of membranes. The LSratio distinguished those patients who would benefit from immediate delivery from those who would benefit from expectant management. The LSratio was utilized in the evaluation of 47 elective repeat cesarean sections resulting in postponement of surgery in many and an apparent reduction of neonatal deaths from this procedure. The combination of good clinical management, frequent urinary estriols, and amniotic fluid LSratio was used in 14 pregnancies of 12 Class B to R diabetics. There were no fetal losses. The interplay of the various tests is demonstrated and discussed. Twenty-one pregnancies in hypertensive patients show the reduction in urinary estriol excretion and the presence of intrauterine growth retardation. The possible use of urinary estriol and amniotic fluid LSto identify the fetus who may benefit from early delivery is discussed.
The Nanoboundary Layer and Nanovortex Core

In this chapter, nanoscale fluid flow regions with intense vorticity will be considered – (1) the nanoboundary layer within 100 nm of a solid surface over which fluid is flowing and (2) the nanovortex core within 100 nm of the vortex center. In such regions, the kinetic theory of fluids must be used to predict the physical properties of the fluid, and the fluid has intense vorticity, or molecular spin.
Developmental Stability of Sensory Seeking

Date Presented 4/17/2015 Oral health is integral to physical and psychological well-being. In this study, we describe the behavioral and physiological distress experienced by children with autism spectrum disorder (cASD) during dental cleanings, and we suggest that occupational therapists (OTs) be part of the multidisciplinary team to address these challenges.
The minor myosin heavy chain, mhcA, of Caenorhabditis elegans is necessary for the initiation of thick filament assembly.

Abstract Caenorhabditis elegans body wall muscle has two distinct myosin heavy chain isoforms, mhcA and mhcB. Mutations eliminating the major isoform, mhcB, have previously been shown to yield paralyzed, viable animals. In this paper we show that the minor isoform, mhcA, is essential for viability. We have utilized the known physical map position of the gene encoding mhcA to obtain two recessive lethal mutations that virtually eliminate accumulation of mhcA. The mutations are allelic, and the interactions of these alleles with mutations affecting other thick filament components are consistent with the hypothesis that the new mutations lie in the structural gene for mhcA. The homozygous mutant animals move very little and morphological analysis shows that thick filament assembly is severely impaired. Together with the location of mhcA in the center of the thick filament (Miller et al., 1983), the results suggest that mhcA has a unique role in initiating filament assembly. The homozygous mutations have an unexpected effect on morphogenesis that indicates an interaction between the muscle cells and the hypodermis during development. The resultant phenotype may be useful in the search for additional essential muscle genes.
Improved Method of Encapsulating Artificial Diet for Rearing Predators of Harmful Insects

Methods were refined for encapsulating small units of artificial diets for rearing predators for use in biological control of harmful insects. A stirring, heating module, which held diet and encapsulating material at constant temperature, facilitated production of uniform capsules. Several encapsulating materials and applicators were tested. With this method, the media (high or low lipid content) were formed into capsules that had suitable size and wall thickness for feeding several species of immature and adult predaceous insects.
Prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in different ethnic groups in the countryside of northwest China

Objective To investigate the prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in different ethnic groups in the countryside of northwest China,and the possible risk factors.Methods After stratified sampling,the study was performed in all the subjects.Level of fasting blood glucose(PBG 2h) and 2hr postprandial blood glucose were measured in all the participants using Roche's superior blood glucose meter.The FBG higher than 5.60 mmol/L(105mg/dl) and PBG2h higher than 7.8 mmol/L(140 mg/dl) were performed a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test.Questionnaire for diabetes epidemiological study was used to record the detail of all the subjects.Results The fasting blood glucose starting point was reduced to 5.6 mmol/L,and it was found that there were significant differences of diabetes and pre-diabetes in different ethnic groups(P=0.001) and gender(P=0.047).There were significant difference in the prevalence in different gender groups in both Hui(P=0.022) and Han group(P=0.001).The standardized prevalence of diabetes was higher in Hui(5.87%) than in Han(3.07%).Conclusion There were significant differences in diabetes and pre-diabetes in different ethnic groups,gender,and age.The habits in life of different ethnic groups were possible risk factors.The awareness rate was lower in all the subjects.
Resolving Fast, Confined Diffusion in Bacteria with Image Correlation Spectroscopy

By following single fluorescent molecules in a microscope, single-particle tracking (SPT) can measure diffusion and binding on the nanometer and millisecond scales. Still, although SPT can at its limits characterize the fastest biomolecules as they interact with subcellular environments, this measurement may require advanced illumination techniques such as stroboscopic illumination. Here, we address the challenge of measuring fast subcellular motion by instead analyzing single-molecule data with spatiotemporal image correlation spectroscopy (STICS) with a focus on measurements of confined motion. Our SPT and STICS analysis of simulations of the fast diffusion of confined molecules shows that image blur affects both STICS and SPT, and we find biased diffusion rate measurements for STICS analysis in the limits of fast diffusion and tight confinement due to fitting STICS correlation functions to a Gaussian approximation. However, we determine that with STICS, it is possible to correctly interpret the motion that blurs single-molecule images without advanced illumination techniques or fast cameras. In particular, we present a method to overcome the bias due to image blur by properly estimating the width of the correlation function by directly calculating the correlation function variance instead of using the typical Gaussian fitting procedure. Our simulation results are validated by applying the STICS method to experimental measurements of fast, confined motion: we measure the diffusion of cytosolic mMaple3 in living Escherichia coli cells at 25 frames/s under continuous illumination to illustrate the utility of STICS in an experimental parameter regime for which in-frame motion prevents SPT and tight confinement of fast diffusion precludes stroboscopic illumination. Overall, our application of STICS to freely diffusing cytosolic protein in small cells extends the utility of single-molecule experiments to the regime of fast confined diffusion without requiring advanced microscopy techniques.
1.1.14 Measurements of the T-Corona from Daily OSO-7 Observations

The white light corona (K + F) between 3 and 10 R s was observed from October, 1971 through June, 1974 by the NRL coronagraph orbiting on 0S0-7. Daily images from October, 1971 through December, 1972 have been calibrated to yield the daily variation of the coronal brightness as measured through a segmented polarizing plate. This plate had segments of tangential and radial polarization which enabled the separation of the observed brightness into its polarized and unpolarized components at about 5 and 7 R s . Each image was scanned at 35 heights above the solar limb between 3 and 10 R s and at every 1 ° in heliographic position angle. The brightness of selected points in the corona was plotted to obtain the time history of the variations. Curvilinear regression of the radial brightness distributions for each month shows fluctuations in the gradient, magnitude and standard deviation from regression associated with solar activity. Taking means over the entire set of observations yields curves representing the average, the minimum and the maximum coronal brightnesses. The minimum curve derived for each position angle is interpreted as an upper limit of the F coronal brightness. The equatorial minimum curve agrees extremely well with the F model of Saito (1970) in both shape and absolute value after a corrector for stray light has been subtracted. However the minimum curve for the polar regions lies approximately 3 standard deviations (30%) below that for the equator. This implies that the F-corona is not independent of azimuth or alternatively, the minimum equatorial curve may contain a contribution from the K-corona.
Continuous excitations of the triangular-lattice quantum spin liquid YbMgGaO4

A detailed and systematic neutron-scattering study uncovers a continuum of magnetic excitations down to 0.06 K in the triangular quantum magnet YbMgGaO4 — an observation consistent with quantum spin liquid behaviour. A quantum spin liquid (QSL) is an exotic state of matter in which electrons’ spins are quantum entangled over long distances, but do not show magnetic order in the zero-temperature limit1. The observation of QSL states is a central aim of experimental physics, because they host collective excitations that transcend our knowledge of quantum matter; however, examples in real materials are scarce2. Here, we report neutron-scattering experiments on YbMgGaO4, a QSL candidate in which Yb3+ ions with effective spin-1/2 occupy a triangular lattice3,4,5,6. Our measurements reveal a continuum of magnetic excitations—the essential experimental hallmark of a QSL7—at very low temperature (0.06 K). The origin of this peculiar excitation spectrum is a crucial question, because isotropic nearest-neighbour interactions do not yield a QSL ground state on the triangular lattice8. Using measurements in the field-polarized state, we identify antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbour interactions9,10,11,12, spin-space anisotropies4,10,13,14, and chemical disorder15 between the magnetic layers as key ingredients in YbMgGaO4.
Socrates’ Aversion to Being a Victim of Injustice

In the Gorgias, Plato has Polus ask Socrates if he would rather suffer injustice than perform it. Socrates’ response is justly famous, affirming a view that Polus himself finds incredible, and one that even contemporary readers find difficult to credit: “for my part, I would prefer neither, but if it had to be one or the other, I would choose to suffer rather than do what is unjust” (Gorgias 469c1-2). In this paper, we take up the part of Socrates’ response that Polus never engages and that has also been completely neglected by contemporary scholars, namely, Socrates’ explicit aversion to being a victim of injustice. We show that this same aversion—though one not nearly as strong as his aversion to doing injustice—appears in several texts, and we argue that the best explanation of such an aversion derives from two important features of Socratic philosophy, both of which have only recently been recognized in Socratic scholarship: (i) his virtue intellectualism, which conceives of virtue as a kind of craft that can be achieved in different degrees, and (ii) his conception of moral psychology, which allows for non-rational influences on how we perform the cognitive functions required for proper deliberation.
Factors Contributing to Wort Nitrogen. I. Contributions of Malting and Mashing, and Effect of Malting Time12

The relative contributions of malting and mashing to total and free amino N in worts of two-rowed and six-rowed barleys were determined. The effects of malting time on N levels in wort also were st...
360Anywhere: Mobile Ad-hoc Collaboration in Any Environment using 360 Video and Augmented Reality

360-degree video is increasingly used to create immersive user experiences; however, it is typically limited to a single user and not interactive. Recent studies have explored the potential of 360 video to support multi-user collaboration in remote settings. These studies identified several challenges with respect to 360 live streams, such as the lack of gaze awareness, out-of-sync views, and missed gestures. To address these challenges, we created 360Anywhere, a framework for 360 video-based multi-user collaboration that, in addition to allowing collaborators to view and annotate a 360 live stream, also supports projection of annotations in the 360 stream back into the real-world environment in real-time. This enables a range of collaborative augmented reality applications not supported with existing tools. We present the 360Anywhere framework and tools that allow users to generate applications tailored to specific collaboration and augmentation needs with support for remote collaboration. In a series of exploratory design sessions with users, we assess 360Anywhere's power and flexibility for three mobile ad-hoc scenarios. Using 360Anywhere, participants were able to set up and use fairly complex remote collaboration systems involving projective augmented reality in less than 10 minutes.
How Laws Fail the Promise of Medical Abortion: A Global Look

In order to uphold rights to life and health, national governments must reduce death from abortions. Women who cannot get safe abortions risk their lives and health by turning to unsafe methods. But medical abortion promises to reduce risk to women’s health and lives, particularly for women who lack access to healthcare providers. Abortions that are not authorized or performed by a health care provider are becoming safer with the increasing use of misoprostol. In this paper (written in 2016, before important studies were published), I show how global human rights standards and national laws fail to live up to the promise of medical abortion. Even as governments around the world are liberalizing their abortion laws, the vast majority of countries still legally require one or more healthcare providers to approve or perform abortion. Such requirements criminalize women who lack access to healthcare providers and seek abortions without one. Such women are often the world’s poorest and most marginalized women.
Structure and function of myelinated axons

Abstract Myelinated axons are divided into distinct membrane domains that underlie the generation and propagation of electrical impulses. Action potentials are first initiated in the axon initial segment and then regenerated at gaps in the myelin sheath, called nodes of Ranvier. Nodes consist of polarized subdomains characterized by clusters of ion channels, cell adhesion molecules, and cytoskeletal and scaffolding proteins. Nodes are assembled through neuron–glia interactions. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of node assembly and maintenance and explore their functional roles. We also highlight the emergence of nodal proteins as disease targets in nervous system disorders.
Feature-based Virtual Metrology for Semiconductor Manufacturing

Abstract In semiconductor manufacturing, virtual metrology (VM), a.k.a. soft sensor, is the prediction of wafer properties using process variables and other information available for the process and/or the product (i.e., machine data) without physically conducting property measurement. VM has been utilized in semiconductor manufacturing for process monitoring and control. In this work, we discuss the shortcomings of some of the commonly used VM methods and propose a feature-based VM framework. An industrial case study is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Do pancreas cancer stem cells play crucial role in survival outcome

e15721Background: Recent studies indicate that pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSC) may predict disease behavior and survival outcomes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) patients (pts). Sev...
Aaron Marcus, Masaaki Kurosu, Xiaojuan Ma, and Ayako Hashizume

Computers are now programmed to support emotion; we communicate with our computers as if the computer was another human, not a machine. As a result, user interfaces are being “cutesified” because people love and respond to cute things. This is the basic premise of Cuteness Engineering. Designers, developers, usability researchers, and graduate students will learn the history, key terms, problems, research findings, and international issues pertaining to cuteness engineering, and they will gain exposure to case studies from Japan and China. The book offers strategies and interviews with cuteness designers. This book serves as an introduction to the developing field of cuteness design in the user experience. It is divided into five main chapters, excluding the introduction and conclusion chapters. The first two chapters explore cuteness in Japan and China, the next chapter provides a taxonomy of cuteness, and the final two chapters consist of interview transcripts with user-experience designers. The next logical question the book addresses is “Why cuteness?” To answer this question on a broad scale, the authors use cross-cultural research to examine cuteness in different cultures. This research was used to create and validate their taxonomy of cuteness. However, this taxonomy is general and does not consider the culture-specific attributes of cuteness. To address this problem, the authors study the specific, attributes of cuteness in Japan, China, and the US. They hypothesize that cuteness varies among cultures. According to this theory, different styles of cuteness should be used in different cultures. At the same time, the authors also claim that cuteness can be universal and shared amongst a global audience. Since cuteness is considered a universal language, cuteness is a tool used to help close the gap between technologies, designs, and users. This contradiction limits the overall findings of this book. However, this limitation can be rectified by further clarifying the difference between the goals of cuteness itself (which are universal), and the goals of the individual styles of cuteness (which vary based on culture). Exploring this relationship between the purpose of cuteness and the styles of cute presents an opportunity for future research in cuteness engineering.
Development and use of a multiple-choice item writing flaws evaluation instrument in the context of general chemistry

Multiple-choice (MC) exams are common in undergraduate general chemistry courses in the United States and are known for being difficult to construct. With their extensive use in the general chemistry classroom, it is important to ensure that these exams are valid measures of what chemistry students know and can do. One threat to MC exam validity is the presence of flaws, known as item writing flaws, that can falsely inflate or deflate a student's performance on an exam, independent of their chemistry knowledge. Such flaws can disadvantage (or falsely advantage) students in their exam performance. Additionally, these flaws can introduce unwanted noise into exam data. With the numerous possible flaws that can be made during MC exam creation, it can be difficult to recognize (and avoid) these flaws when creating MC general chemistry exams. In this study a rubric, known as the Item Writing Flaws Evaluation Instrument (IWFEI), has been created that can be used to identify item writing flaws in MC exams. The instrument was developed based on a review of the item writing literature and was tested for inter-rater reliability using general chemistry exam items. The instrument was found to have a high degree of inter-rater reliability with an overall percent agreement of 91.8% and a Krippendorff Alpha of 0.836. Using the IWFEI in an analysis of 1019 general chemistry MC exam items, it was found that 83% of items contained at least one item writing flaw with the most common flaw being the inclusion of implausible distractors. From the results of this study, an instrument has been developed that can be used in both research and teaching settings. As the IWFEI is used in these settings we envision an improvement in MC exam development practice and quality.
A BALLOONING CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITION: REVASCULARIZATION IN A PATIENT WITH KAWASAKI DISEASE AND CORONARY ARTERY ANEURYSMS

Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a major cause of heart disease in children, and can lead to coronary aneurysms in adulthood. Treatment of stenotic coronary lesions in patients with aneurysms require careful consideration for revascularization. A 48 year old male with history of KD and myocardial
Declarative Language for Geometric Pattern Matching in VLSI Process Rule Modeling

This paper presents a formal (machine readable) declarative language developed for the specific reason of modeling physical design process rules of any complexity. Case studies are presented on synthetic as well as industry known design rules of simple complexity (two objects, pair-wise relationship) as well as multi-object complex rules (n-wise relationship). The building blocks of the language are presented and a comparison is drawn between declarative and imperative (general industry practice) implementation of a rule. Automatic test layout generation is presented that would not be possible on an imperative model. Advanced language concepts are also described, including patterns - that can be embedded in each other - as well as rule exceptions using the logical NOT in conjunction with patterns. Further advanced language features are presented, including grids (discretization) and sets - all crucial elements for implementing a wide variety of rules. A strong argument is made for the advantages of this language being the precise and unambiguous description of the intent of the rule with immediate access to a rule checker as well as automatic test layout generator that can test the boundaries of the process node.
Rapid formation of new peripheral arteriovenous malformations post-interventions

A 17-year-old male with a history of recurrent peripheral arteriovenous malformations (pAVMs) of right chest, axilla, and right upper extremity (RUE), presented after having multiple procedures for pAVMs and complex right shoulder wound. Being managed conservatively at first, he later underwent diagnostic angiogram and biopsy which shows ectatic vessels, hence, Onyx embolization of right subclavian, axillary, and brachial arteries was performed (A). Within two years, due to his necrotic right shoulder wound with osteomyelitis of humeral head, he underwent RUE amputation and resection of newly developed right chest pAVMs with further Onyx embolization post angiogram (B). He also required series of reconstructive procedures including tissue expander placement and subsequent muscle flap to necrotic anterior right chest wound which was measured 14x3 cm. Patient was subsequently discharged from the hospital after six months and is being followed by vascular and plastic surgery team. Other than cerebral AVMs, pAVMs are rare and get diagnosed by history, angiography, imaging studies, or biopsy. Treatment options are embolization, and/or resection, however, these interventions lead to formation of new AVMs from increasing flow to the surrounding vasculature. Therefore, patients with AVMs remain at high risk for complications despite appropriate interventions.
Ultrasound Evaluation of Shock and Volume Status in the Intensive Care Unit

Point-of-care ultrasound can be utilized in an algorithmic approach to the patient with undifferentiated shock. Within minutes, a focused ultrasonographic exam can aid in the clinical classification of the patient, allowing appropriate further testing and treatment to be initiated. In this chapter, we illustrate a protocol for the ultrasound evaluation of shock and also discuss the evidence for the use of ultrasonography in the assessment of intravascular volume status.
Design of quasicrystal alloys with favorable tribological performance in view of microstructure and mechanical properties

Abstract Quasicrystals have been used in various applications to improve wear resistance as well as friction. It is known that quasicrystal (i-phase) content and microstructure in alloys have a decisive effect on the mechanical properties and tribological performance. In this research, four (β + i)-dual-phased quasicrystal alloys with different i-phase content and grain size were developed to alleviate the brittleness of the i-phase with the help of the soft β-phase. The influences of the i-phase content and grain size were investigated through impact test, wear test, and analysis. Through the annealing process, the amount of the i-phase was increased by about 38% (59.24% → 81.75%), and, besides, the grain size of the i-phase was simultaneously increased from 3.47 μm up to 9.98 μm. As the amount of i-phase increased, it was possible to increase the hardness from 712 HV to 763 HV. Meanwhile, the increased grain size (i-phase) reduced the contact stress of the grain during wear testing; thus, the specific wear rate could be decreased from 2.21 × 10−4 mm3/Nm to 0.5 × 10−4 mm3/Nm. Not only that, but an experimental wear equation was obtained using empirical data to predict the wear behavior of the dual-phased alloys.
Gender Inequalities in Education

The terrain of gender inequalities in education has seen much change in recent decades. This article reviews the empirical research and theoretical perspectives on gender inequalities in educational performance and attainment from early childhood to young adulthood. Much of the literature on children and adolescents attends to performance differences between girls and boys. Of course, achievement in elementary and secondary school is linked to the level of education one ultimately attains including high school completion, enrollment in postsecondary education, college completion, and graduate and professional school experiences.We recommend three directions for future research: (a) interdisciplinary efforts to understand gender differences in cognitive development and noncognitive abilities in early childhood, (b) research on the structure and practices of schooling, and (c) analyses of how gender differences might amplify other kinds of inequalities, such as racial, ethnic, class, or nativity inequalities.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Relational World of the Patient-Clinician Dyad: Obstacles and Opportunities

No one has escaped the impact of the global pandemic of COVID-19. The threat of injury and death anticipated by its spread, coupled with institutions’ and individuals’ limited agency in halting its course, represents a traumatic experience of unparalleled proportions. Providing mental health services during this period has been both challenging and rewarding. Through a combination of personal reflection, application of clinical concepts, and case material, this chapter examines how the pandemic and the consequent exposure of health disparities affect the intersubjective sphere of the therapeutic relationship and how adaptations to the frame impact the holding environment for patients. Several case illustrations are provided to illustrate these effects upon the therapist, the client, and the quality of the connection between client and therapist.
Microwave landing system requirements for STOL operations

The operational/functional requirements for the new Microwave Landing System (MLS) are examined for STOL operations. The study utilizes a nonlinear six-degree-of-freedom simulation of a De Havilland Buffalo C-8A aircraft and automatic flight control system to assess the MLS/STOL accuracy, coverage, and data rate requirements for the azimuth, DME, primary elevation, and flare elevation functions. The aircraft performance is statistically determined for representative curved flight paths through touchdown. A range of MLS errors and coverages, environmental disturbances, and navigation filtering are investigated. The study indicates that STOL applications do not place any unique requirements on the MLS.
Absolute 3d Accuracy Assessment of Uas LIDAR Surveying

Abstract. Surveying an area with small, unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) equipped with a lidar mapping payload—absent permanent, stable, geometrical reference surfaces—demands accurate, repeatable data collection procedures. While relative error within a single UAS lidar dataset may reveal itself in strip misalignment, absolute error (particularly horizontal error) can prove more difficult to detect, casting doubt upon the quality of both individual surveys and time change analyses of multiple surveys of the area. To gain insight on the UAS lidar error budget, this study presents an analysis of multiple UAS lidar surveys over a set of accurately surveyed geometric checkpoints. Each flight’s trajectory was processed multiple times using multiple static GNSS base observations, both autonomous and set over surveyed monuments, at varying distances from the study site. Custom algorithms were used to mensurate the geometric targets detected in each UAS lidar survey's point cloud, allowing for precise comparison of both absolute horizontal and vertical accuracy of each survey against the rigorous ground survey. The results of the analysis suggest that high horizontal accuracy can be achieved under a variety of conditions, whereas vertical accuracy is sensitive to the quality of ground control. and a discussion of the results explores the ultimate goal of isolating and understanding the sources and magnitudes of error in the UAS lidar error budget.
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

The purpose of this study was to detect and confirm PI dairy cattle, research the dam's location during the first trimester of gestation, and genetically sequence a portion of the 5' untranslated (UTR) region of viral RNA to determine the prevalence of different genotypes of BVDV PI dairy cattle in the upper midwestern United States.
Purine efflux from transplanted human cardiac allografts: Correlation with graft function

Purine efflux from transplanted human cardiac allografts was investigated as a potential biochemical correlate to graft preservation and eventual function. Coronary sinus effluent from 14 allografts was sampled at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 minutes after reperfusion. The plasma fraction from each sample was analyzed for hypoxanthine, xanthine, urate, inosine, and adenosine by high-performance liquid chromatography. Total organ preservation time, aortic crossclamp and bypass times, and initial cardiac index off bypass were recorded. An inotropic score was calculated from the dosages of inotropic agents each recipient required immediately after transplantation. Inosine and adenosine were not detectable in the coronary sinus effluent at any time during reperfusion. Hypoxanthine concentration rose sevenfold (p
K-Cell-Mediated Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in Chronic Active Liver Disease

These studies were designed to determine the ability of antihepatocyte antibodies from patients with chronic active liver disease to induce killing of rabbit hepatocytes by normal lymphocytes. Normal subjects and patients with chronic persistent hepatitis or chronic active liver disease served as sources of sera, and normal human peripheral lymphocytes and their subsets (T-enriched, K-enriched, and B) served as effectors. Only sera from patients with chronic active liver disease possessed membrane-reactive IgG directed against the surface of rabbit or human hepatocytes. After pretreatment of rabbit hepatocytes with sera from patients with chronic active liver disease, marked cytotoxicity mediated by normal lymphocytes was observed. K-enriched cells mediated the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, whereas T-enriched cells and B-cells did not. Heat-aggregated human IgG blocked the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. These data suggest that sera from patients with chronic active liver disease contain IgG antihepatocyte antibodies, which are capable of inducing normal K-cells to kill rabbit hepatocytes in vitro.
Electronic properties of carbon toroids

In a recent Scientific Correspondence, Liu et al.1 reported observing carbon toroids. They suggested that these objects could be considered as quantum wires and that they would exhibit interesting transport properties. Here I provide theoretical support for this proposition.
Fungicides, Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors

Because the potential of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors in the control of plant diseases was discovered in the late 1960s, this class has become one of the most widely use target-specific, systemic fungicides. In contrast to other fungicide classes, their importance was not necessarily determined by a broad spectrum of disease control provided by each member of the class, but rather by an unprecedented number of commercial products with particular properties displayed by each member. For several diseases, the original efficacies of the class of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors has declined due to the development of resistance. The future role of this class of fungicides will continue to be substantial, in particular with the diversification of disease control measures aimed at delaying the development of resistance to other classes of fungicides. Keywords: sterol biosynthesis inhibitors; systemic fungicides; reductase-isomerase inhibitors; demthylation inhibitors; fungal sterols; pathogens; commercial fungicides; target sites
Chapter 10 Human Lymphocyte Ionic Conductance

Publisher Summary The chapter discussesa study on human lymphocyte ionic conductance. Human lymphocytes express a variety of ion channels. The cell surface antigen CD20 has been shown to be a unique type of calcium channel that is not sensitive to dihydropyridine inhibition. CD20 channels appear to have the structure of a homotetramer that allows calcium conduction when either four monomers or two homodimers are brought together in the plasma membrane. Human lymphocytes also express a highly regulated, amiloride-sensitive sodium conductance (ASSC). The chapter presents a review and summarizes the electrophysiological studies on human lymphocytes that have investigated each type of ionic conductors, because the current understanding of the role of the channels, their regulation, and their relationship to each other is relatively rudimentary. Some of these channels have been linked to human disease (cystic fibrosis, CFTR, Liddle's syndrome, ASSC). The examination of the properties, drug sensitivity, and regulation of these channels in human tissue makes lymphocytes an ideal model for an electrophysiological system.
RARE DISEASES, OLD DRUG, NEW KNOWLEDGE

Some drugs, like women. become more interesting with age. Phenobarbital seems to be such a drug. It9s come a long way since its mundane use for convulsive disorders and sedation. It is showing signs of becoming a minor wonder drug. Two articles in this issue point to its usefulness in the symptomatic treatment of pruritis associated with liver disease. 1,2 Diseases causing a disturbance of bile salt metabolism aren9t exactly at the top of a pediatrician9s list of "Common Problems I need to know Something About," but phenobarbital is a drug that9s used daily in practice and pediatricians should certainly be well informed about its effects.
Estimation of regional-scale groundwater flow properties in the Bengal Basin of India and Bangladesh

Quantitative evaluation of management strategies for long-term supply of safe groundwater for drinking from the Bengal Basin aquifer (India and Bangladesh) requires estimation of the large-scale hydrogeologic properties that control flow. The Basin consists of a stratified, heterogeneous sequence of sediments with aquitards that may separate aquifers locally, but evidence does not support existence of regional confining units. Considered at a large scale, the Basin may be aptly described as a single aquifer with higher horizontal than vertical hydraulic conductivity. Though data are sparse, estimation of regional-scale aquifer properties is possible from three existing data types: hydraulic heads, 14C concentrations, and driller logs. Estimation is carried out with inverse groundwater modeling using measured heads, by model calibration using estimated water ages based on 14C, and by statistical analysis of driller logs. Similar estimates of hydraulic conductivities result from all three data types; a resulting typical value of vertical anisotropy (ratio of horizontal to vertical conductivity) is 104. The vertical anisotropy estimate is supported by simulation of flow through geostatistical fields consistent with driller log data. The high estimated value of vertical anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity indicates that even disconnected aquitards, if numerous, can strongly control the equivalent hydraulic parameters of an aquifer system.
The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology.

The aerobic actinomycetes are soil-inhabiting microorganisms that occur worldwide. In 1888, Nocard first recognized the pathogenic potential of this group of microorganisms. Since then, several aerobic actinomycetes have been a major source of interest for the commercial drug industry and have proved to be extremely useful microorganisms for producing novel antimicrobial agents. They have also been well known as potential veterinary pathogens affecting many different animal species. The medically important aerobic actinomycetes may cause significant morbidity and mortality, in particular in highly susceptible severely immunocompromised patients, including transplant recipients and patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. However, the diagnosis of these infections may be difficult, and effective antimicrobial therapy may be complicated by antimicrobial resistance. The taxonomy of these microorganisms has been problematic. In recent revisions of their classification, new pathogenic species have been recognized. The development of additional and more reliable diagnostic tests and of a standardized method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and the application of molecular techniques for the diagnosis and subtyping of these microorganisms are needed to better diagnose and treat infected patients and to identify effective control measures for these unusual pathogens. We review the epidemiology and microbiology of the major medically important aerobic actinomycetes. Images
The electroencephalogram in hepato-lenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease)

Abstract The literature on EEG's in hepato-lenticular degeneration has been reviewed; over half of 80 reported patients had abnormal tracings. Eight additional EEG's on seven patients are presented; two definitely abnormal, three borderline and three normal. Trends include continuous slowing of background frequency and sharp diphasic forms bicentrally and elsewhere. There is no specific EEG abnormality in this disease. Although there are many exeptions, in general the degree of EEG abnormality parallels the severity of clinical involvement. No individual clinical finding consistently relates to EEG abnormality, although there is a suggestion both from our cases and those previously reported that tremor and incoordination may show such a relationship. Some patients have EEG improvement during or after treatment; it is uncertain whether this change is cause-and-effect or coincidence. More studies of pre- and post-treatment EEG's would be of interest.
The homology of the cycle matroid of a coned graph

The cone [email protected]? of a finite graph G is obtained by adding a new vertex p, called the cone point, and joining each vertex of G to p by a simple edge. We show that the rank of the reduced homology of the independent set complex of the cycle matroid of [email protected]? is the cardinality of the set of the edge-rooted forests in the base graph G. We also show that there is a basis for this homology group such that the action of the automorphism group Aut(G) on this homology is isomorphic (up to sign) to that on the set of the edge-rooted forests in G.
Demixing effects in laminar shearing flows: A practically useful approach

The phenomena of shear-induced agglomeration and shear-induced migration in a non- colloidal particulate suspension were examined in different flow fields. The shear flow of a model suspension consisting of spherical glass beads in an aqueous corn syrup with added surfactant was studied in homogeneous and non-homogeneous flow fields (cone-and-plate, parallel plate and laminar flow in a tube). It was found that there was a rapid increase in the average agglomerate size followed by leveling off at long times resulting in an equilibrium particle size. This equilibrium particle size was found to be a strong function of the applied shear rate. It was further found that agglomerate data from the different flow fields superposed well, and, at least in the range of solid volume fractions considered, particle migration was negligible. This work provides a simple technique for quantifying demixing in laboratory experiments and applying the results to industrially relevant situations. Les phenomenes d'agglomeration et de migration induites par cisaillement dans une suspension de particules non colloidales ont ete examines dans differents champs d'ecoulement. L'ecoulement de cisaillement d'un modele de suspension de billes de verre dans du sirop de mais aqueux additionne de surfactant, a ete etudie dans des champs d'ecoulement homogenes et non homogenes (cǒne et plaque, plaques paralleles et ecoulement laminaire dans un tube). On a trouve qu'il y avait une augmentation rapide dans la taille d'agglomerats moyenne, suivie d'un nivellement apres un moment assez long aboutissant a une taille de particules a l'equilibre. Cette taille de particules a l'equilibre s'est averee ětre une forte fonction de la vitesse de cisaillement appliquee. Par ailleurs, on a trouve que les donnees d'agglomerats des differents champs d'ecoulement se superposaient bien et que, au moins dans la gamme des fractions volumiques consideree, la migration des particules etait negligeable. Ce travail fournit une technique simple pour quantifier le demixage dans des experiences de laboratoire et appliquer les resultats a des situations utiles a l'industrie.
Evaluation of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for explosive residue detection

Recently laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been investigated as a potential technique for trace explosive detection. Typically LIBS is performed using nanosecond laser pulses. For this work, we have investigated the use of femtosecond laser pulses for explosive residue detection at two different fluences. Femtosecond laser pulses have previously been shown to provide several advantages for laser ablation and other LIBS applications. We have collected LIBS spectra of several bulk explosives and explosive residues at different pulse durations and energies. In contrast to previous femtosecond LIBS spectra of explosives, we have observed atomic emission peaks for the constituent elements of explosives – carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen. Preliminary results indicate that several advantages attributed to femtosecond pulses are not realized at higher laser fluences.
Celebrating Tomorrow Today: The Peaceful Atom on Display in the Soviet Union

This paper introduces the history of a unique museum of nuclear energy, the Pavilion for Atomic Energy at the ‘Exhibition of the Achievements of the People’s Economy’ (VDNKh) in Moscow, from its inception in 1956 to its closing in 1989. The analytical goal is to unpack the kind of social order that was implicit in the way visitors to the pavilion were envisioned. The paper proposes that the pavilion’s exhibitions on nuclear energy, staged as pivotal to technical progress, not only reinforced a vision of the country’s scientific and technological potential, but also contributed significantly to the Soviet political vision. Based on archival documents and published material, the paper traces shifts in the pavilion’s tasks, and attempts to convey how these shifts mirror changing concepts of the intended visitors. Moreover, the paper explores how this historical case study speaks to contemporary museum theory, and how this may qualify our understanding of the role of the popularization of science and technolo...
Construction of the CLEO II Drift Chamber

Highlights and construction techniques of a new drift chamber for the CLEO detector are described. Notable features are the high wire count, close-packed and staggered geometry, the use of gold-plated aluminum field wires and the vertical, gravity-assisted stringing technique that permits easy replacement of defective wires anywhere in the chamber.
Coriolanus and I

This essay argues that Shakespeare's Coriolanus theorizes the complex terrain of identity in ways that allow us to read the play as a queer text. In particular, I argue that Coriolanus theorizes the desire that attaches to the category of the fag-hag. This may seem an odd claim to make about a play that not only includes no character whom we might identify as a fag-hag but also predates the emergence of the fag-hag as a category in the twentieth century. Yet the problems of ontology and temporality that my claim touches on are very much theorized by Coriolanus. The play thinks through questions of desire – who does the fag-hag desire, and how does that desire form her identity? – and temporality – does the fag-hag's desire for a gay man cancel out possible prior desires for a straight man? It also engages with current articulations of queer theory in asking whether or not we can describe desire using terms that do not have temporal “legitimacy” – can a current term be used as a heuristic with which to eng...