cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interfacial activity of graphene oxide: Anisotropy, loading efficiency and pH-tunability

Abstract In this work, we use Langmuir film-balance techniques and high resolution Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) to investigate the surface activity of graphene oxide (GO) at the air-water interface. We focus on GO loading efficiency and packing at the air-water interface. We position two Wilhelmy plate tensiometers in different locations to simultaneously measure anisotropic forces as well as spatial inhomogenities in GO film coverage. We confirm our results with single sheet resolution images of GO at the air-water interface. Evidence is presented to show that GO does not significantly rearrange itself at the air-water interface over several hours. It is shown using a series of successive loading experiments that the GO surface loading efficiency decreases with each successive experiment. We also provide a detailed study of GO surface coverage with pH cycling of the subphase. In addition to subphase pH and GO sheet size we demonstrate the role of subphase pH history in determining GO surface coverage. Finally, we present a hypothesis to complement existing explanations of GO surface activity. This hypothesis explains the role of acidic pH in imparting surface active character to the GO and how GO is driven to the interface. We reconcile previous reports that while there is significant potential in the pH tunability of GO surface activity, there are also limitations pertaining to dynamics and size-selectivity. Our results present a comprehensive and high resolution perspective on the colloidal sheets packing of GO at the air-water interface and examples of how GO films are sensitive to preparation history.
Provider Advice About Weight Loss in a Primary Care Sample of Obese and Overweight Patients.

Objective: Primary care providers play an important role in obesity prevention and reduction by advising patients about weight loss strategies. This study examined receipt of provider advice to los...
Neurogastroenterology: The dynamic cycle of life in the enteric nervous system

The stability of the neuronal circuits and cells of the enteric nervous system can no longer be taken for granted; new evidence suggests astounding rates of apoptosis and neurogenesis.
La libertad académica en la educación superior de los Estados Unidos ; en continuo desarrollo

La libertad academica, un simbolo de la educacion superior de los Estados Unidos, se basa en la contratacion permanente como metodo para proteger las libertades de los profesores. Esta libertad academica es una practica fragil que enfrenta desafios de todas partes. A pesar de que la base para ese derecho es el contrato con la institucion los casos legales de profesores individuales continuan definiendo los terminos de dichos contratos. Por otra parte, como cualquier otro tipo de relacion contractual, el contrato tiene que estar regido por lo que regula las leyes vigentes de los gobiernos federal y estatal. Mientras que el cuerpo de precedentes legales refleja el intento de establecer violaciones de las leyes y de lo estipulado en el contrato, tambien ha mantenido los poderes discrecionales de la institucion para determinar sobre la concepcion del contrato permanente basado en criterios validos y en la evaluacion de expertos en un campo particular.
Introduction to Nilpotent Groups

The aim of this chapter is to introduce the reader to the study of nilpotent groups. In Sect. 2.1, we define a nilpotent group, as well as the lower and upper central series of a group. Section 2.2 contains some classical examples of nilpotent groups. In particular, we prove that every finite p-group is nilpotent for a prime p. In Sect. 2.3, numerous properties of nilpotent groups are derived. For example, we prove that every subgroup of a nilpotent group is subnormal, and thus, satisfies the so-called normalizer condition. Section 2.4 is devoted to the characterization of finite nilpotent groups. In Sect. 2.5, we use tensor products to show that certain properties of a nilpotent group are inherited from its abelianization. We focus on torsion nilpotent groups in Sect. 2.6. We prove that every finitely generated torsion nilpotent group must be finite, and that the set of torsion elements of a nilpotent group form a subgroup. Section 2.7 deals with the upper central series and its factors. Among other things, we illustrate how the center of a group influences the structure of the group.
Building Partnerships: The role of nonprofit organizations in supporting education diplomacy in early childhood

Nonprofit organizations providing early childhood services that support the healthy growth, development, and education of young children and their families have a unique relationship with communiti...
Education, Training, and Support Programs for Caregivers of Individuals with Cancer

More than 52 million adults currently provide care to relatives in the United States (Family Caregiver Alliance, Selected Caregiver Statistics, 2005; Schulz and Beach, JAMA 282:2215–2219, 1999). These family caregivers become active members of the health care team with little or no preparation in disease management, sometimes under sudden and extreme circumstances. As this has occurred, the demanding role of caring for patients has fallen to untrained, inexperienced family members. Involvement of family caregivers is essential for the optimal treatment of the cancer-pain patient, especially in assuring treatment compliance, continuity of care, and social support (Warner, Hosp J 8(1–2):155–170, 1992). In response, the medical community has sought to develop education, support, and training programs to guide family members caring for patients with cancer.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THREE AREAS OF CLASSICAL ETHOLOGY: SOCIAL DOMINANCE, BEHAVIORAL TAXONOMY, AND BEHAVIORAL VARIABILITY

Abstract: Among the areas of classical ethology that still constitute a large portion of current research in behavioral biology are social dominance, the use of behavioral characters in the assessment of taxonomic relationships, and behavioral variability and stereotypy (“fixed” action patterns). Unfortunately, until recently, there have been very few quantitative analyses of these classical areas. In this chapter, I shall consider some ways in which these three topics have been analyzed quantitatively. Specifically, I shall discuss (1) the application of Landau's index to the measurement of social dominance hierarchies, (2) the use of procedures that are commonly employed in numerical taxonomy to assess taxonomic relationships based on non-behavioral characters, and how some of these have recently been applied to behavioral taxonomies, and (3) the way in which behavioral variability and/or stereotypy have been measured, primarily by use of the coefficient of variation.
Moss Growth and Development is Facilitated by Natural Bacterial Flora

Optimal conditions for growth, development or reproduction in many organisms often depend on association with a second unrelated organism in either a parasitic, mutualistic or protocooperative relationship. Several examples of such natural relationships between plants and a second organism which allows them to adapt and survive in a particular environment have been described. The lichen results from a symbiotic association in which the algal cells supply photosynthates to the fungus and the fungus absorbs moisture and shields the algae from intense light, allowing both to exist together in an otherwise unfavorable environment (Ahmadjian 1967). Rhizobia aid legume growth through symbiotic nitrogen fixation (Nester, Kosuge 1981). Spirillum lipoferum (Smith et al. 1976) and Azospirillum brasilene (Kapulnik et al. 1981) function in a similar manner in association with grasses. Pseudomonas interacts with plant roots, inducing a mechanism for choline sulfate uptake (Nissen, 1973).
On Stochastic Games with Uncountable State and Action Spaces

We consider stochastic games with uncountable state space and prove the existence of a Nash equilibrium in Markovian strategies, reached as a limit, in an appropriate sense, of finite horizon Markovian equilibria (the latter exist even with compact metric action spaces). Our approach is based on Glicksberg’s fixed-point theorem, basic measurable selection results and a generalized Fatou Lemma.
The years of expansion: 1970 to 1979

During the years of expansion, the science of medical mycology flourished in research and training as major scientific events changed and enlarged the importance of fungal diseases in clinical medicine. There was an increase in the spectrum of available antibiotics, immunosuppressive and cytotoxic therapeutic agents, and their use. The latter two targeted the hematopoietic cells of the neutrophil lineage in the host and rendered patients highly susceptible to opportunistic fungal infections. The increased incidence and prevalence of fungal infections led to the development of numerous rapid tests for the detection of fungi in clinical specimens and the identification of fungi in the clinical laboratory. Techniques for the direct demonstration of Candida spp. cells in blood samples were improved and commercial yeast identification systems for the differentiation of medically important yeasts recovered in the clinical laboratory were developed, e.g., the API 20C Yeast Identification System. Ira Salkin stated that the API 20C was the first commercial product that permitted rapid and accurate identification of the majority of pathogenic yeasts (I. Salkin, questionnaire).
Craps and Binomial

One of our illustrations of combinations in the last chapter was the number of ways that the baseball World Series could last four games, five games, six games, and seven games. Our interest there was to show how counting numbers of ways is part and parcel of probability calculations. That example led to a set of probabilities for the possible lengths of the series. When the events of concern in an uncertain situation are numerical and we have obtained the probabilities for all possible events, we have what is called a probability distribution.
Protein Utilization in Chronic Renal Insufficiency in Children

It is obvious that at least some of the toxic compounds responsible for uremia are metabolic products of protein catabolism. There is also ample evidence that protein metabolism is significantly altered in children with chronic renal insufficiency (Delaporte et al., 1976, 1978; Conley et al., 1980; Holliday et al., 1970; Grupe, 1981b). These studies, coupled with the empiric demonstration that low-protein diets alleviate many of the symptoms of uremia, have led to a precept that has now become axiomatic: stipulating low-protein intake in chronic renal insufficiency. There is, however, the rational goal of reducing the main dietary sources of hydrogen ion, phosphate, potassium, and sulfate to the lowest possible level commensurate with the patient’s renal function.
Portal Drainage for Small-bowel Grafts: A Requirement for Successful Small-bowel Transplantation?

Die venose Drainage von Dunndarmtransplantaten kann entweder in die Pfortader oder in die vena cava erfolgen. Wahrend Pfortaderdrainage die physiologische Route darstellt und potentielle immunologische Vorteile (immun-suppressiver Effekt der Leber) bietet, ist die systemische Drainage operationstechnisch einfacher, aber beinhaltet eine partielle porta-systemische Fistel. Ehe die Dunndarmtransplantation zur klinischen Anwendung kommt, sollte geklart werden, ob dieser partielle porta-systemische Shunt signifikant immunologische Vorteile aufgibt und zudem metabolische Nebeneffekte verursacht und Leberfunktion beeintrachtigt, wie es nach einer zentralen porto-cavalen Anastomose geschieht.
Efficient Task-Resource Matchmaking Using Self-adaptive Combinatorial Auction

In loosely coupled distributed computing systems, one of the major duties performed by the scheduler is to efficiently manage the allocation of computational tasks to computing resources. Such matchmaking services become difficult to implement when resources belong to different administrative domains, each of which has unique and diverse valuation for task bundles. In order to cope with the heterogeneity, we introduce a novel combinatorial auction approach that solves the task-resource matchmaking problem in a utility computing environment. This auction based approach is characterized as “self-adaptive” in two senses. First, efficient allocation is achieved through adaptive adjustment of task pricing towards the market equilibrium point. Second, payment accounting is adaptive to the changing auction states at various stages that discourages strategic bidding from egocentric bidders. The objective of the research presented in this chapter is to examine the applicability of the combinatorial auction based approaches in utility computing, and to develop efficient task allocation schemes using the self-adaptive auction. Through simulations, we show that the proposed combinatorial auction approach optimizes allocative efficiency for task-resource matchmaking when valuation functions are concave, and achieves incentive compatibility once the auction process finalizes.
How Macrolide Antibiotics Work

Macrolide antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis by targeting the bacterial ribosome. They bind at the nascent peptide exit tunnel and partially occlude it. Thus, macrolides have been viewed as 'tunnel plugs' that stop the synthesis of every protein. More recent evidence, however, demonstrates that macrolides selectively inhibit the translation of a subset of cellular proteins, and that their action crucially depends on the nascent protein sequence and on the antibiotic structure. Therefore, macrolides emerge as modulators of translation rather than as global inhibitors of protein synthesis. The context-specific action of macrolides is the basis for regulating the expression of resistance genes. Understanding the details of the mechanism of macrolide action may inform rational design of new drugs and unveil important principles of translation regulation.
The Modern American Revenge Story

This chapter argues that a new type of revenge narrative emerges in recent American fiction and film. Contemporary writers such as Thomas Pynchon, E. L. Doctorow, Elizabeth Stuckey-French, and filmmakers such as Robert Siegel and Quentin Tarantino transform the payback plot from a defense of self-worth to a measurement (and violent settling) of social, political, or economic debts. The result is a genre phenomenon I call “ultionic revenge.” Characters like John Smith in Sherman Alexie’s Indian Killer (1996), who yearns to kill the one “white man [who] was responsible for everything that had gone wrong” for Native Americans, direct their anger at personifications of diffuse injustice. This process of transference defines the challenge of exacting payback in the age of systems—an age that, I contend, has rendered vengeful satisfaction paradoxical within narrative.
Growth of the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus in response to diel-cycling hypoxia and acidification: interaction with temperature

Growth rate of Fundulus heteroclitus was examined at 25 and 30 °C in nine treatments of diel-cycling dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH. Extreme diel-cycling DO (1–11 mg O2·L−1) negatively impacted growt...
Target rotation with both factor loadings and factor correlations

Factor rotation is conducted to aid interpretation in exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Target rotation allows researchers to directly examine the match between the rotated factor loading matrix and their expected factor loading pattern. In some EFA applications, however, researchers have expectations on both the factor loading pattern and the factor correlation pattern. We propose to extend target rotation such that target values can be specified for both factor loadings and factor correlations. We illustrate extended target rotation with a memory study and a personality study with the multitrait-multimethod design. We also explore the statistical properties of extended target rotation using simulated data. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Barriers and Supports to Parent Involvement and Collaboration During Transition to Adulthood

Parent involvement and parent–professional collaboration influence positive transitions from school into adult life among young adults with disabilities. However, parents frequently report being un...
Text message reminders for child influenza vaccination in the setting of school-located influenza vaccination: a randomized clinical trial.

Half of US school children receive influenza vaccine. In our previous trials, school-located influenza vaccination (SLIV) raised vaccination rates by 5 to 8 percentage points. We assessed whether text message reminders to parents could raise vaccination rates above those observed with SLIV. Within urban elementary schools we randomized families into text message + SLIV (intervention) versus SLIV alone (comparison). All parents were sent 2 backpack notifications plus 2 autodialer phone reminders about SLIV at a single SLIV clinic. Intervention group parents also were sent 3 text messages from the school nurse encouraging flu vaccination via either primary care or SLIV. Among 15 768 children at 32 schools, vaccination rates were text + SLIV (40%) and SLIV control (40%); 4% of students per group received influenza vaccination at SLIV. Text message reminders did not raise influenza vaccination rates above those observed with SLIV alone. More intensive interventions are needed to raise influenza vaccination rates.
Altered Autonomic Reactivity During Lower Body Negative Pressure in End-Stage Renal Disease.

ABSTRACT Background End stage renal disease (ESRD) is characterized by autonomic dysfunction. During orthostatic stress, sympathetic (SNS) activity increases and parasympathetic (PNS) activity decreases to maintain arterial blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that ESRD patients have impaired ability to adjust cardiac SNS and PNS activity during orthostasis, which could contribute to increased blood pressure variability, orthostatic intolerance and falls. Methods We measured beat-to-beat BP and Electrocardiography at baseline and during increasing lower body negative pressure (LBNP) in 20 ESRD patients and 18 matched controls (CON). Heart rate variability was quantified as total power (TP) and standard deviation of the N-N interval, reflecting both SNS and PNS; high frequency (HF), root mean square of successive differences of neighboring N-N intervals (RMSSD), and percent of consecutive N-N intervals differing >50 milliseconds (pNN50), reflecting cardiac PNS activity; and low frequency (LF) and LF/HF, reflecting sympoathovagal balance. BP variability was quantified as the standard deviation in systolic (SDSAP) and diastolic (SDDAP) BP. Results Baseline HF, RMSSD, and pNN50 were significantly lower in ESRD (P 0.05). Conclusions These data suggest that ESRD patients have impaired autonomic adjustments to orthostatic stress.
The Relationship Trajectories Framework: Elaboration and Expansion

We are delighted to have received such thoughtful, detailed commentaries on our target article. Although the relationship trajectories framework is simply a first attempt at a broader structure for...
Asymmetric synthesis of trifluoromethylated allylic amines using alpha,beta-unsaturated N-tert-butanesulfinimines.

The trifluoromethide ion generated in situ from TMSCF3 and TBAT (tetrabutylammonium triphenyldifluorosilicate), as well as TMAF (tetramethylammonium fluoride), adds to the α,β-unsaturated N-tert-butanesulfinimines exclusively in a 1,2 fashion with high diastereoselectivities, affording the first examples of chiral trifluoromethylated allylic amines.
The Explainability of Experience: Realism and Subjectivity in Spinoza’s Theory of the Human Mind

Renz’s book is a formidable work of rare originality, subtlety, and richness. Its central idea is to extend Spinoza’s well-known commitment to universal intelligibility to ‘the perspectivity of sub...
Kepentingan Pendidikan Humanistik dalam Pengembangan Psikologi

This article aims to analyze the importance of humanistic education from a psychological standpoint. Humanistic education can be considered as a form of education that promotes positive psychological development. Through humanistic education, human dignity is elevated as much as human intellect can be, and thinking can be further developed. Humanistic education also enlivens human nature through the realization of one's existence. However, humanistic education must be in line with religion so that students will not be confused by the true meaning of freedom. True human values must be based on religion and not on mere logic
Clinicopathological analysis of intestinal polypoid lymphoma in children: report of 15 cases

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features of intestinal polypoid lymphoma (PL) in children. Methods The clinicopathologic data of 15 cases of pediatric intestinal PL in Jiangxi Provincial Childrens' Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Immuohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of CD10, bcl-6, bcl-2, MUMl and ERCC1, then EB virus (EBV)-encoded RNA (EBER) status was tested by using in situ hybridization. Results Amongst 15 cases studied, 13 cases were Burkitt lymphoma (BL), 1 case was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and 1 case was between DLBCL and BL (DLBCL/BL). The positive rate of CD10, bcl-6, bcl-2, MUMl, ERCC1 and EBER were 100.0% (13/13), 92.3% (12/13), 0, 7.7% (1/13), 15.4% (2/13), 53.8% (7/13), respectively in 13 BL cases. The clinical stage of 13 patients with BL: 11 cases (84.6%) Ⅱ stage, 1 case (7.7%) Ⅲ stage, 1 case (7.7%) Ⅳstage. The clinical stage of DLBCL and BL/DLBCL: Ⅱ stage. 14 cases of PL had survival time without tumors, 24-120 months follow-up, and 1 BL patient in Ⅳ stage without chemotherapy died after 2 months. Conclusion BL is a major subtype of intestinal PL in children, which shows a low clinical stage and a good prognosis. Key words: Child; Gastrointestinal tract; Lymphoma; Pathology, clinical; Prognosis
Evaluation of staple line reinforcement after partial gastrectomy closure in an ex vivo canine model

OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of stapling on leakage pressures after canine partial gastrectomy. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo study. SAMPLE POPULATION Gastric specimens from 24 adult canine cadavers. METHODS Partial gastrectomy constructs were assigned to one of three closure techniques (n = 8 per group): group 1, stapled closure with a 90-mm thoracoabdominal stapling device and a 4.8-mm staple cartridge; group 2, hand-sewn double-layer inverting suture closure with 3-0 glycomer 631; and group 3, staple line reinforcement with an inverting Cushing suture pattern. Leakage and pressure testing were performed. Initial leakage pressure (ILP), maximal leakage pressure (MLP), and leakage location were recorded. Significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS Placement of a Cushing suture (group 3) increased ILP and MLP by 3.2-fold and 2.8-fold, respectively, compared with stapled closures alone (P < .001). Constructs closed with double-layer suture closure reached ILP and MLP 4.5-fold and threefold greater, respectively, compared with those with stapled closures alone (P < .001). Maximal leakage pressure did not differ between groups 2 and 3 (P = .14). Leakage occurred from the inverting suture line in all constructs of groups 2 and 3 and from staple holes in six of eight group 1 constructs. CONCLUSION Double-layer suture closure of canine partial gastrectomies achieved superior biomechanical properties compared with stapled closure techniques. Reinforcing staple closures with an inverting suture line improved resistance to leakage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Reinforcing single-layer closure of partial gastrectomies with an inverting Cushing pattern is recommended to improve resistance to leakage. In vivo investigation is warranted to evaluate influence of closure technique on gastric healing, postoperative stasis, ischemic injury, and postoperative dehiscence.
The microtubule-associated protein WDL4 modulates auxin distribution to promote apical hook opening in Arabidopsis.

The unique apical hook in dicotyledonous plants protects the shoot apical meristem and cotyledons when seedlings emerge through the soil. Its formation involves differential cell growth under the coordinated control of plant hormones, especially ethylene and auxin. Microtubules are an essential player in plant cell growth that are regulated by multiple microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). However, the role and underlying mechanisms of MAP-microtubule modules in differential cell growth are poorly understood. In this study, we found that the previously uncharacterized Arabidopsis MAP WAVE-DAMPENED2-LIKE4 (WDL4) protein plays a positive role in apical hook opening. WDL4 exhibits a temporal expression pattern during hook development in dark-grown seedlings that is directly regulated by ethylene signaling. WDL4 mutants showed a delayed hook opening phenotype while overexpression of WDL4 resulted in enhanced hook opening. In particular, wdl4-1 mutants exhibited stronger auxin accumulation in the concave side of the apical hook. Furthermore, the regulation of the auxin maxima and trafficking of the auxin efflux carriers PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1) and PIN7 in the hook region is critical for WDL4-mediated hook opening. Together, our study demonstrates that WDL4 positively regulates apical hook opening by modulating auxin distribution, thus unraveling a mechanism for MAP-mediated differential plant cell growth.
Epidemiology of hospitalizations with hallucinogen use disorder: a 17-year U.S. National study.

To assess time-trends and outcomes of hallucinogen use disorder hospitalizations.The U.S. National Inpatient Sample (NIS) data from 1998 to 2014 were used. People hospitalized with hallucinogen use...
Hemodynamic Effects of an Increased Midodrine Dosing Frequency.

In practice, midodrine has been used to reduce IV vasopressor requirements and decrease ICU length of stay. However, recent publications have failed to show clinical success when midodrine was administered every 8 hours. One possible reason for the lack of clinical efficacy at this dosing interval may be the pharmacokinetic properties of midodrine that support a more frequent dosing interval. Here, we report our institutional experience with midodrine at a dosing frequency of every 6 hours. Design Single, quaternary academic medical center, retrospective, descriptive study. Setting Floor and ICU patients admitted to Mayo Clinic, Rochester, from May 7, 2018, to September 30, 2020. Patients Adult patients with an order for midodrine with a dosing frequency of "every 6 hours" or "four times daily" were eligible for inclusion. Interventions No intervention performed. All data were abstracted retrospectively from the electronic medical record. Measurements and main results Forty-four unique patients were identified that met inclusion criteria. Patients were an average of 65 years and 63.6% were male. The individual doses of midodrine ranged from 5 to 20 mg. Twenty-three patients (52.3%) were receiving IV vasopressors at the time midodrine was ordered every 6 hours. Vasopressor requirements decreased from an average of 0.10 norepinephrine equivalents 24 hours prior to the every 6-hour order to 0.05 norepinephrine equivalents 24 hours after an order for midodrine every 6 hour was placed. Conclusions Increasing the dosing frequency of midodrine to every 6 hours may optimize its pharmacokinetic profile without compromising safety. This midodrine dosing frequency should be prospectively evaluated as a primary strategy for accelerated IV vasopressor wean.
Rodeo Thumb: To Replant or Not.

Background This study investigated patient-reported outcomes after surgical treatment of rodeo thumb amputation to guide clinical decision-making. Methods A retrospective review was performed for rodeo thumb amputations from 2009 to 2019. Patient-reported outcomes were collected and compared by injury level, age, and treatment. Two-sided t test was used to compare continuous variables, and Pearson chi-square test was used to compare categorical data. Results The study included 37 patients. Patients with interphalangeal injuries treated with replantation had Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire scores similar to those treated with amputation (1 versus 8; p = 0.07). There was no significant difference in percentage of patients with similar or better roping ability after treatment (40 percent versus 79 percent; p = 0.26), and similar percentages were satisfied (80 percent versus 71 percent; p = 1.00). Patients with metacarpophalangeal injuries treated with replantation and those treated with amputation had similar questionnaire scores (7 versus 10; p = 0.47). Both groups had similar roping ability after treatment (67 percent versus 56 percent; p = 1.00), and there was no statistically significant difference in satisfaction (79 percent versus 44 percent; p = 0.34). Pediatric patients had questionnaire scores similar to those of adults (6 versus 8; p = 0.42). A significantly higher percentage of pediatric patients had similar roping ability following injury than adults (100 percent versus 54 percent; p = 0.02). Most patients in both groups were satisfied (89 percent versus 61 percent; p = 0.22). Conclusions For both interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal injuries, patient-reported outcomes were similar regardless of treatment. Children were able to return to roping and perform at a similar or higher level at a greater rate than adults, but had similar questionnaire scores and satisfaction.
Heidegger’s Forgetfulness of Difference

Martin Heidegger’s National Socialist political sympathies are plainer and more troubling to contemporary readers than ever before. This paper examines the relation of leader to society he uses to ground his account of the state in the 1930s. But breakthroughs in the previous decade, in Being and Time in particular, make the political ontology he endorses less compelling. Heidegger’s political positions are incompatible with his account of the ontological difference. The power of the leader of the society he or she leads cannot repeat the relation of Being over entities. Ontologically speaking, totalitarianism is a category mistake. Confusing the transcendental domain for its ontical contents, Heidegger refuses to learn his own lessons in ways Eric Voegelin helps us detect.
Rydberg Vapor EIT Sensing Performance

The optimal performance for Rydberg quantum sensing with vapor cell three-level coherent spectroscopy (e.g. EIT, CPT) is modeled and compared with the standard quantum limit. Potential gains with four-level schemes are discussed.
A Model of Institutional Creative Change for Assessing Universities as Learning Organizations.

Universities, like students, differ in their ability to learn and to recreate themselves. In this article, I present a 3-part model of institutional creative change for assessing universities as learning organizations that can move creatively into the future. The first part, prerequisites, deals with actual ability to change creatively and belief in the university's ability to change creatively. The second, main part deals with the institution's desire to change creatively, its desire to appear to change creatively, and its perceived actual or potential creative quality. The last part of the model deals with mediating variables: legitimacy of the creative-change agent, credibility of the creative-change agent, ownership of creative change, rate of creative change, and cultural compatibility of creative change.
Micro/Nano Speckle Method With Applications to Material, Tissue Engineering and Heart Mechanics

Using a random speckle pattern as a quantitative transducer for displacement and deformation measurement constitutes a major milestone in the advancement of experimental mechanics techniques. Heretofore, displacement or strain transducers or gages utilize regular patterns as the measurement base. It is the dimensional changes of these bases that are converted into displacement/strain information. The speckle method, on the other hand, uses a random array of particles (either physical or virtual) as displacement transducers. The displacement information of a cluster of random particles is obtained either through correlation calculations with its neighbors or a Fourier transform processing scheme. It is the latter approach that will be discussed in this paper.
Interaction analysis and integrated control of hybrid energy storage and generator control system for electric ship propulsion

Ship propulsion systems experience large power and torque fluctuations on their drive shaft due to hydrodynamic interactions and wave excitation. For electric propulsions, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) could be an effective solution to address the negative impact of these fluctuations. However, the HESS, when introduced into the existing shipboard electrical propulsion system, will interact with the power generation control systems. In this paper, a model-based analysis is performed to evaluate the interactions of the multiple power sources when a hybrid energy storage system is incorporated. The study has revealed undesirable interactions when the controls are not coordinated properly, and leads to the conclusion that a system-level energy management strategy (EMS) will be needed. To evaluate the benefits of the system-level EMS, a comparative study is performed, and results show that the system-level EMS has advantages over other strategies in terms of many of the performance metrics.
Neuroprotective effect of estrogen on hypoglycemic injury in hypothalamic mouse cells (767.6)

Glucose is the main metabolic fuel of the brain. Recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia can lead to seizures, coma, and even death. The hypothalamus; a region involved in feeding and energy balance is ...
A multiresolution impedance method for bioelectromagnetic problems

The impedance method is an electromagnetic simulation method for quasistatic problems. It is based on the discretization of object(s) upon which electromagnetic radiation is incident, and it requires solving a system of equations in which the number of equations is determined by the number of grid cells in the discretized model. We investigate the feasibility of employing a grid generation method that does not yield equal-sized cells everywhere, as a means of decreasing the size of the linear system to be solved. We apply the method to a simple test case for which analytical results are available, and examine the accuracy and computational efficiency of our method with respect to the standard uniform grid.
The Dynamics of Palladium and Platinum Prices

This paper tests for and provides evidence of nonlinear dependencies in palladium and platinum futures prices. The results indicate that ARCH-type processes, with controls for seasonality and contract-maturity effects, generally explain the nonlinearities in the data. We also present evidence inconsistent with Chaos in the price behavior of both metals. Finally, our estimated models support the Samuelson (1965) hypothesis of maturity effects in futures price changes.
IONOSPHERIC WINDS AND ASSOCIATED GEOMAGNETIC VARIATIONS.

Studies of geomagnetic quiet daily variations Sq are reviewed with emphasis on the relation of Sq with neutral air motions in the ionosphere. Recent analyses of global Sq and direct observations of electric currents in the ionosphere are summarized. Methods of deducing neutral winds from Sq by dynamo theory are critically examined. A wind system derived from Sq by using the height-integrated conductivity gives an effective wind system which must be interpreted with care. If actual winds vary appreciably with height, as rocket observations indicate, the effective wind system represents only weighted average winds over the dynamo region of the ionosphere, the weights being related to the conductivity distribution. However, given a theoretical wind model, Sq could provide a partial, if not complete, verification of the wind model in the dynamo region; a direct check by wind measurement with rockets, however, will require a prohibitive effort.
Column chromatography of peptides and proteins.

Publisher Summary The chapter presents a summary of recent experiments on the column chromatography of peptides and a description of the current status of chromatography as a method for purifying proteins. Columns of ion exchange resins have received particular attention because they were shown to yield quantitative results with amino acids, and hence would be expected to separate peptides quantitatively as well. In addition, such columns are not sensitive to the presence of neutral salts, and can thus be used directly for the analysis of physiological fluids or tissue extracts. When amino acids are chromatographed on sulfonated polystyrene resins, separations of peptides depend upon the affinity of the resin for both the ionic and the nonionic portions of the molecules. The great usefulness of paper chromatography for the separation of peptides has led to several attempts to extend the principles of liquid-liquid or liquid-gel system to columns packed with cellulose or starch. In the study of protein chromatography, many of the laboratory procedures employed are similar to those devised for experiments with amino acids and peptides. The actual protein concentrations can be calculated only if the ninhydrin color values per milligram or the extinction coefficients of the individual proteins are known. Successful chromatography requires that the proteins move down a column as discrete zones and give rise to relatively sharp and symmetrical peaks on an effluent curve. The chapter explores that sulfonic acid resins are employed in two quite different ways in the course of protein purifications.
A T cell-independent protective host response against Cryptococcus neoformans expressed at the primary site of infection in the lung.

Abstract T cell-independent host resistance expressed against a primary lung infection with Cryptococcus neoformans was investigated. Following intratracheal inoculation of the yeast, BALB/cBy scid/scid mice or CD4+ plus CD8+ T cell-depleted BALB/cBy mice developed a primary lung infection that remained stable for several weeks before progressing and disseminating to kill the host. By contrast, normal BALB/cBy hosts resolved the infection after 4 to 8 weeks. Thy+ CD4- CD8- cells were found to accumulate in the pulmonary alveoli of infected scid/scid or normal mice. Depletion of these cells caused the infection to progress more rapidly and resulted 4 weeks later in a 30- to 70-fold increase in yeast numbers in the lungs and dissemination to extrapulmonary sites. Cytofluorometric studies revealed that the Thy+ CD4- CD8- cells responsible were negative for the CD3 T cell marker. A small percentage of these Thy+ CD3- cells expressed asialo-Gm1, but treatment with asialo-Gm1 antibody did not have the same infection-enhancing effect as Thy-1 monoclonal antibody treatment. Further experiments revealed that Thy-1 monoclonal antibody treatment had no effect on the establishment of infectious foci in the brain or liver following intravenous inoculation of the yeast. The data point to the existence of an early resistance mechanism for which Thy+ CD3- CD4- CD8- cells are essential. This mechanism of host defense, while insufficient for complete protection, may be capable of delaying the development of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis by restricting the growth of the yeast at primary sites of infection in the lungs, even in immunodeficient mice.
Cardiovascular care and cancer screening in female nurses with and without rheumatoid arthritis

Objective To compare frequencies of cancer screening and cardiovascular treatments aimed at reducing acute myocardial infarction in women with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Data from the prospective Nurses' Health Study were analyzed for the 491 women diagnosed with RA prior to 1998 and the 82,884 women without RA. Cardiovascular treatments included aspirin use, treatment with a cholesterol-lowering agent, cardiac catheterization, and coronary artery revascularization; cancer screening consisted of mammography and bimanual pelvic examinations. Adjustments were made for potential confounders using multivariate logistic regression. Results After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and a history of gastric or duodenal ulcer, women with RA and no history of cardiac disease were 35% less likely to report taking aspirin regularly (odds ratio [OR] 0.65, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.51–0.84). The use of cholesterol-lowering treatment, angiography, and revascularization was not statistically different in women with and without RA. After adjusting for cancer risk factors, there appeared to be an increased likelihood of mammography in women with RA compared with those without RA (OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.97–2.04), although this result was not statistically significant. Bimanual pelvic examination was reported with similar frequency between the 2 groups. Conclusion Other than aspirin use, care to prevent acute myocardial infarction and cancer screening practices were similar among women with RA compared with women without RA.
Haemoperitoneum in a pregnant mare with an ovarian haematoma

Summary Haemoperitoneum is a rarely reported but life-threatening complication of a multitude of disease processes that can affect horses. This report describes an unusual case of haemoperitoneum in a pregnant mare attributed to a unilateral ovarian haematoma during early gestation. The mare was treated with supportive care and discharged 8 days after initial presentation. Following discharge, the mare maintained her pregnancy to term and delivered a live colt at 321 days of gestation.
A Bumpy Journey to Culturally Relevant Pedagogy in an Urban Middle School: Are We There Yet?.

Culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) offers the promise of increased success for underserved students in urban schools. This qualitative case study examines a middle school reading teacher’s understandings and implementation of CRP and the researcher’s supportive role over a three-semester collaboration. Two categories of results are described: evidence of the teacher’s increasing CRP and tensions in the collaboration. Increased CRP was evidenced by the teacher’s enhanced emphasis on high expectations, metacognitive strategies, critical literacy, and units connected to students’ cultures. Tensions included sporadic meetings, overlooked prerequisite instruction, ignored supportive materials, and problematic classroom management. Implications are included.
Influence of dynamic densification on nanostructure formation in Ti5Si3 intermetallic alloy and its bulk properties

Abstract Dynamic densification was used to consolidate mechanically amorphized Ti–Si alloy powders, using a three-capsule, plate–impact, gas–gun loading system at velocities of 300, 500, and 700 m s −1 . The dense compacts were subsequently crystallized at annealing temperatures in the range of 800–1200°C, for time periods of 1–12 h. The compacts were observed to crystallize to a typically single-phase Ti 5 Si 3 compound and an ultra-fine grain microstructure, based on TEM and XRD analysis. The average grain size changed from ∼50 nm upon heat treatment at 800°C for 1 h, to ∼160 nm at 1200°C for 3 h, however, it remained stable (∼115–125 nm) during annealing at a constant temperature of 1000°C and increasing heat treatment time from 1 to 12 h. In-situ crystallization studies performed by heating the dynamically-densified samples in the TEM at temperatures up to 900°C, revealed that the increase in fraction of amorphous to crystalline phase was occurring by an increase in the number density of nucleating crystallites, and not via significant growth of existing crystallites since their growth is inhibited by the impingement of the crystals. Vickers microhardness measurements showed values of 1200–1400 kg mm −2 for grain size ranging from ∼60 to 160 nm. While these microhardness values are ∼80% higher than those for microcrystalline shock-densified Ti 5 Si 3 alloy, the fracture toughness values measured using the indentation method were observed to be ∼2–4 MPa√m, which is typical of that of brittle ceramics.
Student labeling practices

The Ohio State University R esearch in education has not often concentrated on what takes place in schools. Instead, it has focused on how schools should be changed "for the better." In doing that I believe researchers have disappointed teachers who must stand on the firing line day after day. This paper presents one example of a growing body of research that attempts to describe accurately and adequately some important things that happen in schools and classrooms. My purpose here is to describe briefly a stereotyping practice young students employ frequently, called labeling. My broader goal is to describe and explain what it means to be a student. I call this goal the search for a theory of studentship. For example, when the bell rings in the morning, what are students thinking about as the teacher takes roll? What part do recesses play in determining how much work a student chooses to do? Or, how important are those peers around the student as he or she goes through the day, from math to recess to reading?
Importance of the rational subgroups in designing control charts

Sampling is useful only if the sample data are representative of an entire population at the time they are taken. A system's common and special causes have to be represented by each sample. If special causes are present, then the sample should reflect those. Here, Rational Subgrouping comes to the stage. Because detecting shifts in the mean requires that data is taken in so called rational subgroups. Data sets should be set up and taken in such a way that variation within a subgroup reflects common variation only, while any significant variation between subgroups reflects special causes. Rational subgrouping must be done beforehand, because setting up the Shewhart Control chart is based on the Rational Subgroup. This paper provides an overview how to choose rational subgroups while using control charts to control processes.
Application of preprocessing filtering on Decision Tree C4.5 and rough set theory

This paper compares two artificial intelligence methods: the Decision Tree C4.5 and Rough Set Theory on the stock market data. The Decision Tree C4.5 is reviewed with the Rough Set Theory. An enhanced window application is developed to facilitate the pre-processing filtering by introducing the feature (attribute) transformations, which allows users to input formulas and create new attributes. Also, the application produces three varieties of data set with delaying, averaging, and summation. The results prove the improvement of pre-processing by applying feature (attribute) transformations on Decision Tree C4.5. Moreover, the comparison between Decision Tree C4.5 and Rough Set Theory is based on the clarity, automation, accuracy, dimensionality, raw data, and speed, which is supported by the rules sets generated by both algorithms on three different sets of data.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Solid-state chemistry : a rediscovered chemical frontier

Chemical bonding in solids is not completely understood, mainly because of the wide variation in the chemical properties of the elements. Many difficult challenges remain in predicting the composition, structure, and the properties of new materials. Consequently, the synthesis of novel solids is as much an art as a science. Discoveries of new compounds and structure types highlight the versatility that nature has allowed with the relatively small number of elements. This article explores the long-term challenges in solid-state chemistry and then focuses on efforts at Cornell to prepare new solids.