cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beta actin and its mRNA are localized at the plasma membrane and the regions of moving cytoplasm during the cellular response to injury.

Previous work in our laboratory has shown that microvascular pericytes sort muscle and nonmuscle actin isoforms into discrete cytoplasmic domains (Herman, I. M., and P. A. D'Amore. 1985. J. Cell Biol. 101:43-52; DeNofrio, D.T.C. Hoock, and I. M. Herman. J. Cell. Biol. 109:191-202). Specifically, muscle (alpha-smooth) actin is present on the stress fibers while nonmuscle actins (beta and gamma) are located on stress fibers and in regions of moving cytoplasm (e.g., ruffles, lamellae). To determine the form and function of beta actin in microvascular pericytes and endothelial cells recovering from injury, we prepared isoform-specific antibodies and cDNA probes for immunolocalization, Western and Northern blotting, as well as in situ hybridization. Anti-beta actin IgG was prepared by adsorption and release of beta actin-specific IgG from electrophoretically purified pericyte beta actin bound to nitrocellulose paper. Anti-beta actin IgGs prepared by this affinity selection procedure showed exclusive binding to beta actin present in crude cell lysates containing all three actin isoforms. For controls, we localized beta actin as a bright rim of staining beneath the erythrocyte plasma membrane. Anti-beta actin IgG, absorbed with beta actin bound to nitrocellulose, failed to stain erythrocytes. Simultaneous localization of beta actin with the entire F-actin pool was performed on microvascular pericytes or endothelial cells and 3T3 fibroblasts recovering from injury using anti-beta actin IgG in combination with fluorescent phalloidin. Results of these experiments revealed that pericyte beta actin is localized beneath the plasma membrane in association with filopods, pseudopods, and fan lamellae. Additionally, we observed bright focal fluorescence within fan lamellae and in association with the ends of stress fibers that are preferentially associated with the ventral plasmalemma. Whereas fluorescent phalloidin staining along the stress fibers is continuous, anti-beta actin IgG localization is discontinuous. When injured endothelial and 3T3 cells were stained through wound closure, we localized beta actin only in motile cytoplasm at the wound edge. Staining disappeared as cells became quiescent upon monolayer restoration. Appearance of beta actin at the wound edge correlated with a two- to threefold increase in steady-state levels of beta actin mRNA, which rose within 15-60 min after injury and returned to noninjury levels during monolayer restoration. In situ hybridization revealed that transcripts encoding beta actin were localized at the wound edge in association with the repositioned protein. Results of these experiments indicate that beta actin and its encoded mRNA are polarized at the membrane-cytoskeletal interface within regions of moving cytoplasm.
Wave photochemistry coupling and its effect on water vapor, ozone and airglow variations in the atmosphere of Mars

Abstract A one-dimensional photochemical–transport model for the martian lower atmosphere has been developed to study the diurnal cycles of wave–photochemistry coupling. The model self-consistently calculates water vapor mixing ratio profiles, which exhibit strong vertical and diurnal variations mainly due to the high sensitivity of the saturation vapor pressure to temperature variation. The dynamical coupling of water vapor caused by the temperature variation induced by tidal waves, vertical transport parameterized by eddy diffusion, and linear relaxation introduced in condensation–sublimation processes all have similar timescales of diurnal variation. This leads to a significant asymmetric distribution of water vapor concentration as a function of local time. As a result, the net effect of the temperature variation by tidal waves depletes the water vapor concentration in its diurnal mean. The coupling processes also deplete the diurnally averaged HO x concentration, which in turn leads to significant enhancements of both ozone concentration and the associated airglow emissions in the martian atmosphere. The model also shows explicitly the importance of photochemical–transport coupling to the airglow emissions and its implications in species retrievals when the photochemical times of the excited states are comparable to the timescale of diurnal variation.
Efficient implementation of Jacobi algorithms and Jacobi sets on distributed memory architectures

Abstract One-sided methods for implementing Jacobi diagonalization algorithms have been recently proposed for both distributed memory and vector machines. These methods are naturally well suited to distributed memory and vector architectures because of their inherent parallelism and their abundance of vector operations. Also, one-sided methods require substantially less message passing than the two-sided methods, and thus can achieve higher efficiency. We describe in detail the use of the one-sided Jacobi rotation as opposed to the rotation used in the “Hestenes” algorithm; we perceive this difference to have been widely misunderstood. Furthermore the one-sided algorithm generalizes to other problems such as the nonsymmetric eigenvalue problem while the Hestenes algorithm does not. We discuss two new implementations for Jacobi sets for a ring connected array of processors and show their isomorphism to the round-robin ordering. Moreover, we show that two implementations produce Jacobi sets in identical orders up to a relabeling. These orderings are optimal in the sense that they complete each sweep in a minimum number of stages with minimal communication. We present implementation results of one-sided Jacobi algorithms using these orderings on the NCUBE/seven hypercube as well as the Intel iPSC/2 hypercube. Finally, we mention how other orderings, and can be, implemented. The number of nonisomorphic Jacobi sets has recently been shown to become infinite with increasing n .
Pramipexole is a possible effective treatment for primary orthostatic tremor (shaky leg syndrome).

Objective To report the successful treatment of primary orthostatic tremor in a 76-year-old man. Background Primary orthostatic tremor is a rare condition, with few reports describing therapies. Established therapies had previously failed in our patient. Methods Using an evidence-based evaluation of treatments via MEDLINE's GRATEFUL MED search engine, a therapeutic option was determined during the first consultation with the patient, and pramipexole therapy was initiated. Results The therapy proved effective, and the patient had relief from his symptoms for the first time in 6 years. Conclusion Pramipexole is a potential therapy for primary orthostatic tremor.
Ultrastructure of bone marrow prior to and after programmed freezing

Abstract An electron microscopic study has cast doubt on reports of 80 to 90 per cent cell viability after programmed freezing methods but lends support to the specific technique of programmed freezing of marrow for the purposes of osseous reconstruction. The reticular and blast cells which were observed to be viable support the present theory that these elements of osteogenic bone marrow are responsible for the formation of new bone.
A Class of Hybrid LAPACK Algorithms for Multicore and GPU Architectures

Three out of the top four supercomputers in the November 2010 TOP500 list of the world's most powerful supercomputers use NVIDIA GPUs to accelerate computations. Ninety-five systems from the list are using processors with six or more cores. Three-hundred-sixty-five systems use quad-core processor-based systems. Thirty-seven systems are using dual-core processors. The large-scale enabling of hybrid graphics processing unit (GPU)-based multicore platforms for computational science by developing fundamental numerical libraries (in particular, libraries in the area of dense linear algebra) for them has been underway for some time. We present a class of algorithms based largely on software infrastructures that have already been developed for homogeneous multicores and hybrid GPU-based computing. The algorithms extend what is currently available in the Matrix Algebra for GPU and Multicore Architectures (MAGMA) Library for performing Cholesky, QR, and LU factorizations using a single core or socket and a single GPU. The extensions occur in two areas. First, panels factored on the CPU using LAPACK are, instead, done in parallel using a highly optimized dynamic asynchronous scheduled algorithm on some number of CPU cores. Second, the remaining CPU cores are used to update the rightmost panels of the matrix in parallel.
The Bifilar Pendulum: Numerical Solution to the Exact Equation of Motion

Le pendule bifilaire est souvent utilise pour des mesures indirectes des moments d'inertie de corps ayant des geometries complexes. L'equation exacte de mouvement de ce type de pendule est fortement non lineaire et n'a pas ete resolue en termes de fonctions elemenntaires. On donne des solutions numeriques aux equations differentielles non lineaires exactes du mouvement, pour une gamme de valeurs du deplacement angulaire initial, de la longueur des fils, et du rayon de giration. On montre que la solution approchee donne de bons resultats seulement pour des domaines etroits des parametres du systeme
Selectivity enhancement for glutamate with a Nafion/glutamate oxidase biosensor

Abstract Response properties and selectivity are reported for glutamate biosensors constructed with a film of Nafion between the platinum anode and a layer of immobilized glutamate oxidase. The effects of enzyme loading, sample pH and temperature are established. Operation at pH 7.8 and 37 °C results in linearity up to 800 μM and a limit of detection of 0.3 μM. Nafion enhances selectivity for glutamate over test species that include ascorbic acid, uric acid and acetaminophen. Selectivity enhancement was greater over the anionic interferences because of electrostatic repulsion and the extent of this enhancement depends on the thickness of the Nafion layer. Even under ideal conditions, some interfering signal is observed when glutamate levels are ten-times less than ascorbate.
Specificity of memory measures in an adjusting delayed nonmatching-to-position task for rats.

While the delayed nonmatching-to-position (DNMTP) behavioral paradigm has often been used by neuroscientists to assess working memory in rats, its measure of working memory is compromised by floor and ceiling effects. Specifically, these floor and ceiling effects undermine the ability to detect a significant interaction in a two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA, which is required in order to conclude that impaired performance has resulted from disrupted working memory and not from a change in another psychological process (i.e. that the impairment is 'specific' to working memory). The present study was conducted to evaluate if these limitations could be overcome in a DNMTP by adjusting the length of time that the rat was required to remember (the 'delay') so as to avoid the floor and ceiling. The general procedure for two experiments presented subjects with trials where there was either a minimal (1 s) delay or a longer delay of varying length, with the goal of maintaining nonmatch-to-position accuracy near 75%. The procedure was such, that if the average accuracy was at or above 75%, then the next trial would be a long-delay trial. If it were below 75%, then the next trial would be a 1 s delay trial. In the first experiment, the subjects were presented with trials where the value of the longer delay was systematically varied between-sessions. This was done to simulate the faster rate of forgetting found in persons with amnesia. DNMTP accuracy diminished at the longer delay but not the short delay as the second interval was lengthened. However, other measures, including accuracy at the 1 s delay, discrimination accuracy during the sample phase, and the number of trials completed per session, did not change. This experiment suggested that this DNMTP could precisely measure small changes in the rate of forgetting. In a second experiment, a potential non-mnemonic confound, the level of motivation, was directly manipulated by giving the water-restricted subjects access to water immediately prior to the start of the session. The number of trials completed per session diminished, but the accuracy at both the 1 s and the longer delays did not change. These results indicated that the measures of working memory in this DNMTP were insensitive to changes in motivation. Together, these experiments confirmed that adjusting the delay in the DNMTP improves the validity of the measures in this task.
Self-healing systems - survey and synthesis

As modern software-based systems and applications gain in versatility and functionality, the ability to manage inconsistent resources and service disparate user requirements becomes increasingly imperative. Furthermore, as systems increase in complexity, rectification of system faults and recovery from malicious attacks become more difficult, labor-intensive, expensive, and error-prone. These factors have actuated research dealing with the concept of self-healing systems. Self-healing systems attempt to ''heal'' themselves in the sense of recovering from faults and regaining normative performance levels independently the concept derives from the manner in which a biological system heals a wound. Such systems employ models, whether external or internal, to monitor system behavior and use inputs obtaining therefore to adapt themselves to the run-time environment. Researchers have approached this concept from several different angles this paper surveys research in this field and proposes a strategy of synthesis and classification.
MISC: a Multiple Instruction Stream Computer

This paper describes a single chip Multiple Instruction Stream Computer (MISC) capable of extracting instruction level parallelism from a broad spectrum of programs. The MISC architecture uses multiple asynchronous processing elements to separate a program into streams that can be executed in parallel, and integrates a conflict-fne message passing system into the lowest level of the processor design to facilitate low latency intraMISC communication. This approach allows for increased machine parallelism with minimal code expansion, and provides an alternative approach to single instruction stream multi-issue machines such as SuperScalar and VLIW. 1. The MISC Design The MISC processor, a direct descendant of the PIPE project [CGKP87,GHLP85] will exploit both the instruction and data parallelism available in a task by combining the capabilities of traditional data parallel architectures with those found in machines designed to exploit instruction level parallelism. Unlike the two pm cessor PIPE design, the MISC system is capable of balancing the processor load of instructions performing memory access and execute operations among four processors. The characteristics of the MISC design also allow the introduction of a number of new and unique instructions, like the Sentinel and Vector instructions described later in this paper. As its name indicates, MISC is composed of multiple Processing Elements (PES) which cooperate in the execution of a task. MIX
Transonic radial compressor inlet design

The design of radial compressor inlets for transonic flow is examined. A theoretical model [1] quantifies the losses in the tip sections caused by the choke margin (incidence) and the blockage of the blades. It identifies clear design rules for the tip sections: to achieve the highest efficiency, these require minimum blockage (low blade thickness and splitter vanes) and low choke margin (close to the unique-incidence condition). Simulations of the NASA rotor 37 transonic axial compressor (with CFX-TASCflow) are used to validate the use of three-dimensional viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for transonic compressor inlets and to demonstrate that the key performance features suggested by the simple model are also modelled in three-dimensional viscous flow simulations. The simple model together with CFD simulations has been used for the design of tip sections at the inlet of a transonic radial compressor. CFD simulations were used to select the position of the shock to give a low choke margin, to reduce the preshock Mach number and also to optimize the shape and position of the leading edge of the splitter vanes.
Dynamic workflow management: a framework for modeling workflows

Current workflow management systems do not provide adequate support for workflow modeling. Real life work processes are much richer in variations and more dynamic than is expressed in a typical workflow model. Users need to be able to adjust workloads and modify workflow models on-the-fly. In addition, data about workflow executions are analyzed with process analysis/simulation tools to evaluate design alternatives, so workflow models and data must be structured to reflect the questions that managers and designers are likely to ask. The authors present dynamic workflow management (DWM), a framework for modeling workflows that aims to satisfy these requirements. DWM provides high level packaged task templates for composing task sequences, a MOP-like structure based on dynamic memory theory to organize the task sequences into flexible workflow models, and four perspectives into a workflow model geared toward different users' interests. They illustrate these features of DWM with a case study of an interlibrary loan process and discuss its application in workflow enactment and simulation.
Pre–1 Ga (pre-Rodinian) ophiolites: Their tectonic and environmental implications

A global survey of sutures predating formation of the supercontinent Rodinia, i.e., older than ca. 0.9–1.0 Ga, has yielded evidence for at least 35 described and possible ophiolite complexes. Results indicate that ophiolitic complexes older than 1.0 Ga mostly lack mantle tectonites below the magmatic rocks. Geochemically, these pre-Rodinian ophiolites display a mix of supra-subduction zone (SSZ), mid-oceanic-ridge, and oceanic- island compositions, with higher proportions of komatiite in complexes older than 1.6 Ga. Magmatic ages of identified and inferred complexes tend to cluster at times of 1.0–1.5 Ga, 1.8–2.3 Ga, ca. 2.5–2.7 Ga, and ca. 3.4 Ga. The data mostly support the hypothesis that magmatic oceanic crust was thicker prior to 1.0 Ga and thinned abruptly at 1.0 Ga. Mesozoic oceanic plateaus, e.g., the Caribbean, may provide an analogue to pre–1 Ga oceanic crust. A modified ophiolite columnar section to accommodate pre–1 Ga complexes includes a “1972 Penrose Conference–type” section in which the igneous rocks are overlain by a thick accumulation of interlayered sedimentary and volcanic rocks, as well as high-level intrusive complexes and plutons. Thinning of oceanic crust, the end of the anorthosite-anorogenic granite “event’ at 1000 Ma, and discontinuous hotspot activity through time suggest discontinuous magmatic evolutionary processes in Earth history, similar to other planets. Differences in thickness and “subductability” of oceanic crust may provide clues to the Archean-Proterozoic tectonic transition. The stratigraphic and sea-level effects of the inferred 1 Ga thinning of oceanic crust include widespread continental emergence, development of seasons, and increased atmospheric oxygen leading to the Phanerozoic.
Web Spam Detection with Anti-Trust Rank

Spam pages on the web use various techniques to artificially achieve high rankings in search engine results. Human experts can do a good job of identifying spam pages and pages whose information is of dubious quality, but it is practically infeasible to use human effort for a large number of pages. Similar to the Trust Rank algorithm [1], we propose a method of selecting a seed set of pages to be evaluated by a human. We then use the link structure of the web and the manually labeled seed set, to detect other spam pages. Our experiments on the WebGraph dataset [3] show that our approach is very effective at detecting spam pages from a small seed set and achieves higher precision of spam page detection than the Trust Rank algorithm, apart from detecting pages with higher pageranks [10, 11], on an average.
Information technology and administrative efficiency in U.S. state governments: a stochastic frontier approach

This paper explores value creation from government use of information technologies (IT). While the majority of studies in the information systems (IS) discipline have focused on discovering IT business value in for-profit organizations, the performance effects of IT in the public sector have not been extensively studied in either the IS or the public administration literature. We examine whether IT improves administrative efficiency in U.S. state governments. Utilizing IT budget data in state governments, the census data on state government expenditures, and a variety of information on public services that states provide, we measure technical efficiency with a stochastic frontier analysis and a translog cost function and estimate the effect of IT spending on efficiency. Our analyses provide evidence for a positive relationship between IT spending and cost efficiency and indicate that, on average, a $1 increase in per capita IT budget is associated with $1.13 in efficiency gains. This study contributes to the IS literature by expanding the scope of IT value research to public sector organizations and provides meaningful implications for elected officials and public sector managers.
Telepsychiatry improves paediatric behavioural health care in rural communities.

In the US, children with special health care needs are underserved by both the medical and educational systems. This problem is especially serious in rural states. Telemedicine is a technique that can reduce these gaps in service and help connect the two systems. The technology required has become cheaper and more accessible. Progress on reimbursement for such services has also been made. For some years, we have provided telepsychiatry for children in Washington State using videoconferencing. Interviews with families and service providers were conducted in Washington and Missouri. Some parents reported that their child actually preferred telepsychiatry to conventional consultation. The telepsychiatry service model was built on the existing system of outreach clinics, thus involving specialists who were familiar with the community and who were known and trusted by the community. Before starting, we ensured that all relevant service delivery agencies and providers were comfortable about using videoconferenc...
An improvement to the computational efficiency of a wideband FFT beamformer (sonar)

A technique for the reduction of the computational requirements of a wideband fast-Fourier transform (FFT) beamformer is presented. By utilizing the inherent symmetry of FFT calculations involving real-valued data, it is possible to reduce the number of FFT processors in the second tier of the beamformer structure by approximately 50%. This allows the bandwidth of the buses connecting the different FFT tiers to use a correspondingly smaller bandwidth. >
Cdc2-like Kinase 2 Suppresses Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketogenesis through Disruption of the PGC-1α and MED1 Complex

Hepatic ketogenesis plays an important role in catabolism of fatty acids during fasting along with dietary lipid overload, but the mechanisms regulating this process remain poorly understood. Here, we show that Cdc2-like kinase 2 (Clk2) suppresses fatty acid oxidation and ketone body production during diet-induced obesity. In lean mice, hepatic Clk2 protein is very low during fasting and strongly increased during feeding; however, in diet-induced obese mice, Clk2 protein remains elevated through both fed and fasted states. Liver-specific Clk2 knockout mice fed a high-fat diet exhibit increased fasting levels of blood ketone bodies, reduced respiratory exchange ratio, and increased gene expression of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenic pathways. This effect of Clk2 is cell-autonomous, because manipulation of Clk2 in hepatocytes controls genes and rates of fatty acid utilization. Clk2 phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ coactivator (PGC-1α) disrupts its interaction with Mediator subunit 1, which leads to a suppression of PGC-1α activation of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α target genes in fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. These data demonstrate the importance of Clk2 in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism in vivo and suggest that inhibition of hepatic Clk2 could provide new therapies in the treatment of fatty liver disease.
How Development Affects Learning: Lessons Learned from Developmental, Cognitive, and Natural Science

Much attention has been paid to the ‘‘education crisis’’ arising from the gap between students needs and expectations and the lack of resources available to teachers and schools to address those needs. Federal initiatives such as the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (widely known from previous authorizations as IDEA), and other phenomena exert crushing demands on the current model. With these changes, terms such as inclusion, accountability, and mastery have become part of the everyday nomenclature in schools. As communities struggle to meet the needs of learners, new support for learning is developing. Today, programming extends beyond the school day to include beforeand after-school, as well as homeand community-based settings for many children. After-school programs, in particular, play a vital role in increasing the academic success and social competence of young learners. Creating learning programs that effectively increase student mastery of skills is vital. Merging what is known about the development of young children and effective instructional design practices can create effective and efficient educational programs. This current chapter examines the development of young children by extracting themes that can guide the implementation of effective after-school programming for young learners.
The Ecology of Language Evolution.

The Ecology of Language Evolution. Salikoko S. Mufwene. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 255 pp.
An evaluation of radiation exposure from portal films taken during definitive course of pediatric radiotherapy

Abstract Purpose Recently, considerable attention has been directed toward computed tomography radiation doses (estimated 1 to 4 cGy) received by pediatric patients, because of the potential for increasing a pediatric patient's risk for developing a secondary malignancy. However, minimal attention has been given to the radiation exposure outside the treatment field resulting from the use of portal films to visualize surrounding anatomy. The objective of this study was to quantify the radiation dose from portal imaging delivered within and outside the radiation treatment field during a course of radiation therapy. Methods and materials A retrospective review was conducted of the port film dose for 56 consecutive pediatric patients who underwent definitive radiation therapy between January 2001 and January 2002. Treatment locations were classified as brain, 27 patients; abdomen, 11 patients; extremities, 9 patients; pelvis, 6 patients; and thorax, 3 patients. Using the dose per monitor unit and total number of port films taken, the total port film dose for each patient was calculated. In addition, port film dose was quantified for 5 pediatric patients undergoing intensity modulated radiation therapy. Results The mean total port dose varied from a maximum of 46 cGy for brain to a minimum of 17 cGy for thorax. The mean total port dose as a percentage of prescribed dose was less than 1.25% for all locations in this study; however, most of the port dose is a result of the open-field dose from the double-exposure technique. Conclusions Care should be exercised while exposing port films of pediatric patients to minimize both the number of films and corresponding radiation exposure without compromising the quality of treatment delivery. Specifically, the number of monitor units used to image regions outside the treatment field should be kept to a minimum, because such exposure could lead to an increased risk of development of secondary neoplasms.
DC-DC Power Converter with digital PID controller

This paper presents an approach for an adaptive PID controller in order to improve the dynamic performance of DC-DC Power Converter. The control variables, namely the proportional constant (K p ) and integral constant (K i ) are varied as a function of the uncompensated error voltage which results in improving the dynamic transient response of the power converter. The experimental results show that there is a reduction in overshoot/undershoot and settling time compared to the conventional PID.
The mechanism of 67Ga localization in malignant disease.

Abstract After almost two decades of research, evidence suggests that transferrin receptors are rate-limiting in 67 Ga uptake. 67 Ga imaging is an in vivo detector of transferrin receptors and an indicator of tumor cell proliferation. Moreover, 67 Ga can be incorporated into tumor cells by a transferrin receptor-independent process. This pathway could be important in patients with saturated transferrin. Data that appear to support the concept that transferrin receptor-independent transporters are rate-limiting can be resolved by considering the presence of the gallate ion, [ 67 Ga (OH) 4 ] − .
Capitalists in Spite of Themselves: Elite Conflict and Economic Transitions in Early Modern Europe . By Richard Lachmann. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Pp. 314. $49.95.

If you like a contentious book, ranging across wide swathes of history, you will enjoy this one. Although Richard Lachmann kicks a few fairly dead horses along the way, he takes on enough lively speculations and conventional wisdom to make the trip worthwhile. His subject is the changes that occurred in Europe from the end of feudalism down to the dawn of the Enlightenment. Lachmann undertakes to explain how feudalism gave way to centralized states with landlord elites; why the autonomous urban centers of the Renaissance were eclipsed by national territorial states as the foci of wealth and power; why England and France surpassed Spain and the Netherlands as commercial and imperial powers; and why none of these changes can be attributed simply to a Weberian process of greater “rationalization” of social and political life.
Reverse LBO Underpricing: Information Asymmetry Or Price Support?

Most studies attribute the underpricing of initial public offerings of equity securities to the ex ante uncertainty resulting from the information differential between the firm going public and the market. Rund (1991, 1993), however, proposes that underpricing could result from underwriter price support in the early after-market. In this paper we examine firms that were once public, went private via leveraged buyout and then went public again. It is reasonable to expect that since these reverse LBOs (RLBOs) were once publicly traded, they should have less of an information differential with the market than firms going public for the first time. Our tests indicate that there is little or no information asymmetry between RLBOs and the market. We find that RLBO initial returns are more consistent with price support than with information asymmetry.
Slowing of Bessel light beam group velocity

Abstract Bessel light beams experience diffraction-limited propagation. A different basic spatial property of a Bessel beam is reported and investigated. It is shown a Bessel beam is a natural waveguide causing its group velocity can be subluminal (slower than the speed of light) when the optical frequency ω approaches a critical frequency ω c . A free space dispersion relation for a Bessel beam, the dependence of its wave number on its angular frequency, is developed from which the Bessel beam's subluminal group velocity is derived. It is shown under reasonable laboratory conditions that a Bessel light beam has associated parameters that allow slowing near a critical frequency. The application of Bessel beams with 1 µm spot size to slow down 100 ps to 200 ps over 1 cm length for a natural optical buffer in free space is presented.
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with PET

Over the past two decades, the experimental and clinical use of positron emission tomography (PET) has significantly contributed to the knowledge of cardiac physiology and metabolism. Positron tomography has emerged from the experimental arena and currently plays an important role in clinical cardiology.
The Tea Party Movement and the Perils of Popular Originalism

The Tea Party movement presents something of a curiosity for constitutional theory because it combines originalist ideology and popular constitutionalist methods. Like minotaurs, werewolves, and other half-man, half-animal hybrids of myth and legend, the Tea Party’s hybrid of originalism and popular constitutionalism serves to expose the limitations of both sources upon which it draws. Although originalists assert that interpreting the Constitution according to its original meaning would take politics out of constitutional law, the Tea Party movement shows that originalism also provides a powerful political rhetoric. Moreover, while popular constitutionalists assert that democracy would be advanced by empowering the people to effectuate their constitutional understandings through ordinary politics, the Tea Party movement shows that when a popular movement advances a narrow, nationalist understanding of the Constitution, popular constitutionalism can also serve to restrict popular democracy.
Skunk in an Onion Patch Buchanan Threatens Dole If He Doesn't Shut Up-and America If He Does

Regardless of his finish in the primaries, Mr. Buchanan is determined to be heard from at the Republican National Convention in late summer. Mr. [Bob Dole] would like his endorsement for the votes it would provide, but cannot be serious about hoping "that Pat Buchanan would find it in his heart as a good Republican to join forces and close ranks." Can good Republicans be outright bigots? Does Mr. Dole have a political death wish?What's in Mr. Buchanan's heart is the cause. "We'll go forward," he vowed on national television, "fighting for the cause." But the purity of the cause is forever tainted by the essential Buchanan: a mean-spirited racist, an articulate hatemonger, a political pundit who relishes his reputation for pulling few punches when attacking blacks, liberals, Jews and Israel.A master of ad hominem attack invites the same in return. Bob Dole must challenge [Patrick J. Buchanan], and ultimately hold him accountable, for all that he has said and written. It won't be easy. Mr. Dole must not allow himself to be out-Scriptured by Mr. Buchanan, who professes to be motivated by the Bible.
Survival of myxomycete sclerotia after exposure to high temperature

Plasmodial sclerotia of Myxomycetes survive environmental conditions dur? ing which vegetative growth is not possible. Previous experimental studies on sclerotia were concerned primarily with factors which influence their formation (Brandza, 1928; Camp, 1936; Hodapp, 1942; Luyet and Gehenio, 1944), but some have dealt with longevity (see Gray and Alexopoulos, 1968). Luyet and Gehenio (1944) studied the effect of desiccation on sclerotia, and only one paper (Luyet and Gehenio, 1945) discussed reduced sclerotial survival after a period of heat
STUDY ON EFFECTS OF CONNECTING LOAD ON CHARACTER OF POWER FLOW AMONG COUPLED SYSTEM IN BEAM-PLATE COUPLED SYSTEM MODELING

To improve the precision of power flow analysis in beam-plate system,the connection load between beam and plate is introduced in the process of decoupling of power flow model to analyze character of power flow in coupled system.The results are compared with those from Finite Element Method,which prove that the model considering connection load is more accurate.It also demonstrates that the connection load have to be included in coupling model.Researches on effects of structure parameters on difference between results from model considering and neglecting load are carried out to obtain an error principle of power flow analysis in coupling system.The simulation results show that the discrepancy between results from models with and without considering load becomes larger with decreasing of the boundary stiffness and increasing of the length ratio between beam and plate,which means that the need of introducing connection load grows up in this situation.When the thickness of plate is close to that of beam,the outcomes form models with and without consideration of load model are similar.For convenience in calculation,it is not necessary to take the connection load into account.
SU-F-J-222: Using PET Imaging to Evaluate Proliferation and Blood Flow in Irradiated and Non-Irradiated Bone Marrow 1 Year After Chemoradiation Therapy

Purpose: To compare proliferation and blood flow in pelvic and thoracic bone marrow 1 year after pelvic chemoradiation. Methods: Sixteen pelvic cancer patients were enrolled in an IRB-approved protocol to acquire FLT PET images during radiation therapy simulation (baseline) and 1 year after chemoradiation therapy. Three subjects also had optional O-15 water PET images acquired 1 year after chemoradiation therapy. Baseline FLT PET images were used to create IMRT plans to spare pelvic bone marrow identified as regions with FLT SUV ≥ 2 without compromising PTV coverage or OAR sparing. Marrow VOIs were defined using a 50% maximum pixel value threshold on baseline FLT PET images (VIEW, PMOD version 3.5) in the sacrum and thoracic spine representing irradiated and non-irradiated regions, respectively. FLT PET and O-15 water PET images acquired 1 year after therapy were co-registered to baseline images (FUSION PMOD) and the same VOIs were used to measure proliferation (FLT SUV) and blood flow (O-15 water uptake). Separate image-based input functions were used for blood flow quantitation in each VOI. Results: Mean 1 year FLT SUV in sacral and thoracic VOIs for were 1.1 ± 0.4 and 6.5 ± 1.7, respectively for N = 16 subjects and were 1.2 ± 0.2 and 5.6 ± 1.6, respectively for N = 3 subjects who also underwent O-15 water imaging. Blood flow measures in equivalent sacral and thoracic marrow regions (N = 3) were 21.3 ± 8.7 and 18.3 ± 4.9 mL/min/100mL respectively. Conclusion: Decreased bone marrow proliferation measured by FLT SUV does not appear to correspond to decreased blood flow as measured by O-15 water PET imaging. Based on this small sample at a single time point, reduced blood supply does not explain reductions in bone marrow proliferative activity 1 year after chemoradiation therapy.
Damage Evolution and Failure Modes

A polycrystalline solid is said to deform in a ductile (or plastic) mode if “the material flows through the crystal via dislocation motion,..., whereas the lattice itself, with the material embedded on it, undergoes elastic deformation and rotation” [1]. It is important to observe that the lattice, its connectivity (density of atomic bonds) and, therefore, the effective elastic parameters do not change during a plastic deformation. Consequently, the residual strain is the only history recording parameter. The inelastic deformation attributed to the damage may be, in a complementary manner, manifested on the macro scale by the change of elastic (effective) parameters or the strain caused by the change of the lattice connectivity. Local discontinuities of the displacement field caused by the rupture of atomic bonds (damage) will, in a perfectly brittle solid, disappear upon unloading to the state of zero stress. Consequently, the damage will not cause residual strains. Thus, the change of the elastic moduli (density of atomic bonds) can be used to represent the thermodynamic flux and will provide a rational measure of the rate of damage accumulation.
Die Arabische Wüste

Wenn auch gemeinhin die Niltaloase mit Agypten gleichgesetzt wird, so nehmen doch die Arabische Wuste im Osten und die Libysche Wuste im Westen mehr als neun Zehntel der Landesflache ein. Die zwischen dem Nil und dem Roten Meer gelegene Arabische Wuste stellt sich heutigen Besuchern kaum anders dar als schon den Forschern des 19. Jahrhunderts: Ein von wenigen Nomaden durchzogener gebirgiger und wild zerklufteter Trockenraum mit dem koptischen St. Antonius-Kloster als Hauptanziehungspunkt.
Static and Evolving Norovirus Genotypes: Implications for Epidemiology and Immunity

Noroviruses are major pathogens associated with acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Their RNA genomes are diverse, with two major genogroups (GI and GII) comprised of at least 28 genotypes associated with human disease. To elucidate mechanisms underlying norovirus diversity and evolution, we used a large-scale genomics approach to analyze human norovirus sequences. Comparison of over 2000 nearly full-length ORF2 sequences representing most of the known GI and GII genotypes infecting humans showed a limited number (≤5) of distinct intra-genotypic variants within each genotype, with the exception of GII.4. The non-GII.4 genotypes were comprised of one or more intra-genotypic variants, with each variant containing strains that differed by only a few residues over several decades (remaining “static”) and that have co-circulated with no clear epidemiologic pattern. In contrast, the GII.4 genotype presented the largest number of variants (>10) that have evolved over time with a clear pattern of periodic variant replacement. To expand our understanding of these two patterns of diversification (“static” versus “evolving”), we analyzed using NGS the nearly full-length norovirus genome in healthy individuals infected with GII.4, GII.6 or GII.17 viruses in different outbreak settings. The GII.4 viruses accumulated mutations rapidly within and between hosts, while the GII.6 and GII.17 viruses remained relatively stable, consistent with their diversification patterns. Further analysis of genetic relationships and natural history patterns identified groupings of certain genotypes into larger related clusters designated here as “immunotypes”. We propose that “immunotypes” and their evolutionary patterns influence the prevalence of a particular norovirus genotype in the human population.
On Dense Subgraphs in Signed Network Streams

Signed networks remain relatively under explored despite the fact that many real networks are of this kind. Here, we study the problem of subgraph density in signed networks and show connections to the event detection task. Notions of density have been used in prior studies on anomaly detection, but all existing methods have been developed for unsigned networks. We develop the first algorithms for finding dense subgraphs in signed networks using semi-definite programming based rounding. We give rigorous guarantees for our algorithms, and develop a heuristic EGOSCAN which is significantly faster. We evaluate the performance of EGOSCAN for different notions of density, and observe that it performs significantly better than natural adaptations of prior algorithms for unsigned networks. In particular, the improvement in edge density over previous methods is as much as 85% and usually over 50%. These results are consistent across signed and unsigned networks in different domains. The improvement in performance is even more significant for a constrained version of the problem involving finding subgraphs containing a subset of query nodes. We also develop an event detection method for signed and unsigned networks based on subgraph density. We apply this to three different temporal datasets, and show that our method based on EGOSCAN significantly outperforms existing approaches and baseline methods in terms of the precision-recall tradeoff (by as much as 25-50% in some instances).
The Road Not Taken: Applications of Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Electronic Structure Theory to Systems of Materials and Biological Relevance

Femtosecond fluorescence upconversion experiments were performed on the naturally occurring medicinal pigment, curcumin, in anionic, cationic, and neutral Reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society copyright (2010) Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2010, 114, 2997-3004 1 Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 2 School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. O O H
Gene editing as applied to prevention of reproductive porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) causes severe reproductive failure in sows as well as transplacental transfer of PRRS virus (PRRSV) to late-gestation fetuses, resulting in abortions, early farrowing, increased number of stillborn piglets, and weak neonatal piglets. PRRSV-infected boars present with anorexia and lethargy, and have decreased sperm quality. The gene for the cellular receptor that the PRRSV uses, Cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163), was edited using Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene-editing technology to create biallelic DNA edits to the CD163 gene in 100% of the offspring. CD163-null pigs challenged with virus were completely resistant to both Type 1 and Type 2 PRRSV isolates, as measured by clinical signs, viremia, antibody response, and lung histopathology. In vitro studies showed that CD163-null alveolar macrophages were also not permissive to infection by a panel of six Type 1 and nine Type 2 viral isolates. Thus, DNA editing of the CD163 gene prevented PRRSV infection and reproductive losses associated with infection.
Sudden Death Due to Asphyxia by Primary Tracheal Small Cell Carcinoma

Sudden natural asphyxial death in adults due to airway obstruction is an unusual cause of death. A variety of etiologies can cause airway obstruction, including benign or malignant tumors and soft ...
Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair Using a Transtibial Technique

The meniscal roots are critical in maintaining the normal shock absorbing function of the meniscus. If a meniscal root tear is left untreated, meniscal extrusion can occur rendering the meniscus nonfunctional resulting in degenerative arthritis. Two main repair techniques are described: (1) suture anchors (direct fixation) and (2) sutures pulled through a tibial tunnel (indirect fixation). Meniscal root repair using a suture anchor technique is technically challenging requiring a posterior portal and a curved suture passing device that can be difficult to manipulate within the knee. We present a technique for posterior medial meniscus root repair using 3 sutures (1 leader, 2 cinch), standard arthroscopy portals, and transtibial fixation. Overall, this technique simplifies a challenging procedure and allows for familiarity and efficiency.
The lard legacy: parental dietary fat intake alters offspring microbiome and immunity (P3359)

Mechanisms underlying modern increases in prevalence of human inflammatory diseases remain unclear. The hygiene hypothesis postulates that decreased microbial exposure has, at least in part, driven this immune dysregulation. However, dietary fatty acids may also influence immunity, partially through modulation of host responses to microbes. To test the hypothesis that parental dietary fat consumption during gestation and lactation influences offspring immunity, we compared pups of mice fed either a Western diet fatty acid profile or a standard low fat diet. We found that pups from Western diet breeders were not obese or diabetic, but still had worse outcomes in models of infection, autoimmunity, and allergic sensitization. They had heightened colonic inflammatory responses, with increased circulating bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and muted systemic LPS responsiveness. These deleterious impacts of the Western diet were associated with alterations of the offspring gut microbiome. These results indicate that parental fat consumption can leave a “lard legacy” impacting offspring immunity.
Predicting Utah Ground Snow Loads with PRISM

AbstractDespite their importance in building design, ground snow load requirements remain largely undefined for the western United States. This paper proposes an adaptation of the Parameter-Elevati...