cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of treatment regimen on control of Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) on cotton

Four foliar insecticide treatments ([All/ha), cypermethrin (0.067 kg), Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Berliner) (29.6 billion International Units [BlUl), amitraz (0.14 kg), and B. thuringiensis + amitraz (29.6 BIU + 0.14 kg), were evaluated for influence on economic returns and for efficacy against the tobacco bud worm-boll worm complex, Heliothis virescens (F.) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., at Florence, S.c., in 1988 and 1989. Each treatment was applied at regimens of scheduled applications (every 2-7 d, season-long), a threshold of five eggs per 100 plants, and a threshold of six larvae per 100 plants. Both years were characterized by low tobacco bud worm-boll worm population densities during June and early July followed by sharp increases in mid-July. Cotton flea hopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter), densities did not exceed 1 per 10 plants. Cypermethrin and B. thuringiensis were the most effective and least effective treatments, respectively. Differences among treatment regimens for each insecticide usually were nonsignificant, but the efficacy of B. thuringiensis + amitraz was significantly reduced in 1988 when treatments were delayed until the larval threshold was reached. Economic returns were greater for the egg and larval thresholds than for the scheduled regimen. The low population densities of H. virescens, H. zea , and cotton flea hoppers before mid-July had no apparent effect on yields, and 15-17 season-long scheduled insecticide applications beginning in mid-June offered no advantage compared with five to eight applications (larval threshold) beginning in July.
Preoperative catheter spinal angiography and embolization of cervical spinal tumors: Outcomes from a single center.

ObjectiveThe existing literature regarding preoperative cervical spinal tumor embolization is sparse, with few discussions on the indications, risks, and best techniques. We present our experience ...
The Communication Network Within the Crowd

Since its inception, crowdsourcing has been considered a black-box approach to solicit labor from a crowd of workers. Furthermore, the "crowd" has been viewed as a group of independent workers dispersed all over the world. Recent studies based on in-person interviews have opened up the black box and shown that the crowd is not a collection of independent workers, but instead that workers communicate and collaborate with each other. Put another way, prior work has shown the existence of edges between workers. We build on and extend this discovery by mapping the entire communication network of workers on Amazon Mechanical Turk, a leading crowdsourcing platform. We execute a task in which over 10,000 workers from across the globe self-report their communication links to other workers, thereby mapping the communication network among workers. Our results suggest that while a large percentage of workers indeed appear to be independent, there is a rich network topology over the rest of the population. That is, there is a substantial communication network within the crowd. We further examine how online forum usage relates to network topology, how workers communicate with each other via this network, how workers' experience levels relate to their network positions, and how U.S. workers differ from international workers in their network characteristics. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for requesters, workers, and platform providers like Amazon.
New Steganography Method Based on Hypertext

This paper analyzes the structure of the hypertext files and proposes a new and more secure steganography method. The paper achievesthe aim of hiding secret information in hypertext by modifying the state of the letters. Experiment and analysis prove that it is a method with highefficiency and security.
Solid, histologically benign teratomas of the ovary: A report of four cases and review of the literature☆

Abstract 1. 1. Solid, histologically benign ovarian teratomas are not a new entity although few seem to be aware of their existence. 2. 2. Four cases, obtained from The Ovarian Tumor Registry, are reported in some detail and 6 additional cases have been collected from the literature. 3. 3. Labeling a solid ovarian teratoma as histologically benign presupposes careful, and often exhaustive, microscopic examination. 4. 4. Several points are cited which may make the task of examining these tumors somewhat easier. 5. 5. Histologically benign implants occurred in 30 per cent of this series. The possibility that the patient's death in one of the reported cases was caused by benign implants is explored. 6. 6. The clinical findings are briefly outlined. 7. 7. The prognosis with a solid, histologically benign ovarian teratoma appears hopeful, although the series is too small to permit any definite conclusions. 8. 8. The need for revision of our concepts of ovarian teratomas is obvious.
Fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury.

To the Editor: The results of the Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT) conducted by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network (June 15 issue)1 support a conservative strategy of fluid management in patients with acute lung injury. This strategy should be recognized as only a step in the right direction. The furosemide dosing algorithm in the conservative-strategy group (range, 128 to 167 mg per 24 hours) simply resulted in an even — not negative — net fluid balance, which may have mitigated the potential magnitude of the benefit. Protocol-guided diuretic management, with individualized titration of the dose to achieve a net diuresis, can be readily and safely implemented in the intensive care unit (ICU) and is typically associated with higher doses of furosemide (range, 400 to 440 mg per 24 hours) than those used in FACTT, with the potential for even faster resolution of pulmonary edema.2 The FACTT algorithm should not yet be viewed as “optimal” therapy, but only as an improvement on what heretofore has been considered “conventional” therapy.
Students’ understanding of algebraic notation: A semiotic systems perspective

Abstract The ideas of equivalence and variable are two of the most fundamental concepts in algebra. Most studies of students’ understanding of these concepts have posited a gap between the students’ conceptions and the institutional meanings for the symbols. In contrast, this study develops a theoretical framework for describing the ways undergraduate students use personal meanings for symbols as they appropriate institutional meanings. To do this, we introduce the idea of semiotic systems as a framework for understanding the ways students use collections of signs to engage in mathematical activity and how the students use these signs in meaningful ways. The analysis of students’ work during task-based interviews suggests that this framework allows us to identify the ways in which seemingly idiosyncratic uses of the symbols are evidence of meaning-making and, in many cases, how the symbol use enables the student to engage productively in the mathematical activity.
Effect of atriopeptin III on renin release in vitro.

The ability of atriopeptin III (AP) to directly inhibit renal renin release has not been resolved. This issue was examined in a series of experiments performed in a system of rat renal cortical slices (dry weight 1.91 mg) in which the goal was to explore the effects of Ap on renin release induced by cyclic AMP (cAMP)-coupled stimuli or by agents which are believed to decrease intracellular calcium (Cai). Concentration response relationships were initially established for all test agents. The cAMP stimuli utilized were isoproterenol (10−5M), forskolin (10−5M), and dibutyryl cAMP (3 × 10−4M); each of these agents produced a significant increase in renin release in the system (with isoproterenol a 50% increase, with forskolin 37%, and with dibutyryl cAMP 52%). The addition of AP (2.09 × 10−8,M, a minimum inhibitory concentration derived from preliminary studies) significantly blunted these increases; in the case of the dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated renin release, the inhibition was partial as a significant 25% increase in renin occured in the presence of AP. The addition of the calcium channel blocking agent in diltiazem (10−4M) resulted in a significant increase in renin release (364 to 567 ng.mg−1, p<.05) which was not blocked by the addition of AP. Similarly, TMB-8 (0.6 × 10−4M), another agent thought to lower Cai, also resulted in increased renin release (455 to 810 ng.mg−1), p<.01) which
Band 3 Mediated Transport

The band 3 protein is the first member, AE1, of the AE family of anion exchange proteins. The full-length 911 amino acid (Tanner et al. 1988; Lux et al. 1989) version of human AE1 (hAE1) is found primarily, though not exclusively (Papageorgiou et al. 2001), in red blood cells, where it mediates the very tightly coupled exchange of Cl- for HCO3. This permits HCO3 formed from CO2 in the systemic capillaries by the intracellular enzyme carbonic anhydrase to leave the cell in exchange for Cl-, thus effectively storing CO2 in the blood in the form of plasma HCO3, greatly increasing the CO2 carrying capacity of the blood (Gunn et al. 1989). In the lungs, the process is reversed to regenerate CO2 that is then exhaled. Although this function is important in facilitating the removal from the body of CO2 produced by tissue metabolism, it is not essential for life, as animals can survive despite nearly complete inhibition of this activity by disulphonic stil-benes (DS) (Swenson et al. 1993) or knockout of the functional gene for this protein (Peters et al. 1996).
Protein Adsorption to Charged Gold Nanospheres as a Function of Protein Deformability

The corona that forms as protein adsorbs to gold nanospheres (AuNSs) is directly influenced by the surface chemistry of the AuNS. Tools to predict adsorption outcomes are needed for intelligent design of nanomaterials for biological applications. We hypothesized that the denaturation behavior of a protein might be a useful predictor of adsorption behavior to AuNSs, and used this idea to study protein adsorption to anionic citrate-capped AuNSs and to cationic poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) wrapped AuNSs. Three proteins (α-amylase (A-Amy), β-lactoglobulin (BLG), and bovine serum albumin (BSA)), representing three different classes of acid denaturation behavior, were selected with BLG being the least deformable and BSA being the most deformable. Protein adsorption to AuNSs was monitored via UV–vis spectrophotometry and dynamic light scattering. Changes to the protein structure upon AuNS interaction were monitored via circular dichroism spectroscopy. Binding constants were determined using the Langmuir ...
Abstract 301: Testosterone propionate in Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) induced Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and men are more prone to AKI than women implicating androgens as a causative factor whereas estrogens have been thought to be protective. These effects are independent of both androgen and estrogen receptors. We showed recently that infusion of testosterone 3 hrs post reperfusion protected rats from renal injury following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that testosterone works as a renal vasodilator perhaps by increasing nitric oxide. Male SD rats (8-14 wks; n=3-5/grp) were subjected to sham surgery or I/R induced AKI with bilateral clamping of renal vessels for 30 min. Three hrs after reperfusion, rats were given testosterone propionate (20 μg/kg iv over 10 min) or vehicle (0.75%EtOH). Rats were placed in metabolism cages for 24hrs for nitrate/nitrite excretion (UNOxV), and euthanized and blood taken for creatinine (PCr). I/R increased PCr and decreased UNOxV, compared to shams (0.58±0.05 vs. 3.99±0.36 mg/dL, p
Sex Positivity and Counseling Psychology: An Introduction to the Major Contribution ψ:

In this introduction article to the Major Contribution on sex positivity in counseling psychology, we define sex positivity and its intersections with counseling psychology’s framework of social ju...
Identifying Thesis and Conclusion Statements in Student Essays to Scaffold Peer Review

Peer-reviewing is a recommended instructional technique to encourage good writing. Peer reviewers, however, may fail to identify key elements of an essay, such as thesis and conclusion statements, especially in high school writing. Our system identifies thesis and conclusion statements, or their absence, in students' essays in order to scaffold reviewer reflection. We showed that computational linguistics and interactive machine learning have the potential to facilitate peer-review processes.
Aufbau von Lithium-Ionen-Batteriesystemen

Ziel des technischen Aufbaus eines Batteriesystems ist es, den effizienten, zuverlassigen und sicheren Betrieb des Energiespeichersystems uber einen sehr langen Zeitraum im Fahrzeugeinsatz zu gewahrleisten. Lithium-Ionen-Zellen als die Basiskomponenten eines Lithium-Ionen-Batteriesystems stellen an den Batteriebau dabei besondere Anforderungen. Das Batteriesystem besteht neben den elektrochemischen Speicherzellen aus einer Vielzahl mechanischer, elektrischer und elektronischer Komponenten, die in ihrer Funktion eng aufeinander abgestimmt sein mussen. Neben seiner Funktion als Uberwachungs- und Steuerungseinheit fur die Batterie ubernimmt ein elektronisches Batteriemanagementsystem (BUS) auch die Kommunikation zur Fahrzeugseite.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl-Mediated Inflammatory Signaling: Implications in Atherosclerosis

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread environmental contaminants that can cause inflammation of the vascular endothelium leading to atherosclerotic events. Pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways were studied following endothelial cell exposure to coplanar and non-coplanar PCBs. Both PCBs 77 and 153 induced inflammatory transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) or signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) as well as downstream inflammatory genes such as COX-2 and IL-6. Many of pro-inflammatory genes and gene products are associated or localized into lipid rafts such as caveolae. Protection from PCB- induced inflammation was also studied using agonists of the anti-inflammatory transcription factors PPARs α and γ. Our data demonstrate a possible caveolae- dependent mechanism of PCB-mediated inflammation and the role of PPAR agonists in preventing PCB-induced endothelial activation and atherosclerotic events.
The Bottlenose dolphin Epigenetic Aging Tool (BEAT): a molecular age estimation tool for small cetaceans

Age constitutes a critical parameter for the study of animal populations, providing information about development, environmental effects, survival, and reproduction. Unfortunately, age estimation is not only challenging in large, mobile and legally protected species, but often involves invasive sampling methods. The present work investigates the association between epigenetic modifications and chronological age in small cetaceans. For that purpose, the present study characterized DNA methylation at age-linked genes in an extensively studied, long-term resident common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) community from Sarasota Bay (Florida, USA) for which sampled individuals have a known age. Results led to the identification of two CpG sites that are significantly correlated to dolphin chronological age. Additionally, sex-specific models revealed the potential modulation of such correlation. These findings allowed to develop and validate the “Bottlenose dolphin Epigenetic Age estimation Tool” (BEAT), improving minimally-invasive age estimation in free-ranging small cetaceans. Overall, the BEAT proved to be accurate in estimating age in these organisms. Given its minimally-invasive nature and potential large-scale implementation using skin biopsy samples, this tool can be used to generate age data from free-ranging small cetacean populations.
Advances in Directly Amplifying Nucleic Acids from Complex Samples.

Advances in nucleic acid amplification technologies have revolutionized diagnostics for systemic, inherited, and infectious diseases. Current assays and platforms, however, often require lengthy experimental procedures and multiple instruments to remove contaminants and inhibitors from clinically-relevant, complex samples. This requirement of sample preparation has been a bottleneck for using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) at the point of care (POC), though advances in “lab-on-chip” platforms that integrate sample preparation and NAATs have made great strides in this space. Alternatively, direct NAATs—techniques that minimize or even bypass sample preparation—present promising strategies for developing POC diagnostic tools for analyzing real-world samples. In this review, we discuss the current status of direct NAATs. Specifically, we surveyed potential testing systems published from 1989 to 2017, and analyzed their performances in terms of robustness, sensitivity, clinical relevance, and suitability for POC diagnostics. We introduce bubble plots to facilitate our analysis, as bubble plots enable effective visualization of the performances of these direct NAATs. Through our review, we hope to initiate an in-depth examination of direct NAATs and their potential for realizing POC diagnostics, and ultimately transformative technologies that can further enhance healthcare.
Tetraploid Partial Hydatidiform Moles Molecular Genotyping and Determination of Parental Contributions.

DNA genotyping studies have established that most partial hydatidiform moles (PHMs) are diandric dispermic triploid conceptions. Rare triandric tetraploid PHMs have been described, but genotyping cannot determine the manner in which three paternal chromosome complements are derived (one sperm with triplication, two sperm with one duplication, three different sperm, or one diploid and one haploid sperm). In a large prospective analysis of potentially molar products of conception, five tetraploid PHMs were encountered among 235 PHMs. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays were used to define different paternal chromosomal contributions. Short tandem repeat analysis of the five tetraploid PHMs established that these contained three paternal and one maternal chromosome complements. In each case, the corresponding SNP array found five tracts with segmented absence of the central tract across approximately 25% of the genome. Meiotic crossovers could be observed directly in the chromosomes via the total number of starts and stops of regions of loss of heterozygosity. The findings are consistent with each conceptus having three different paternal contributions and one maternal contribution. These findings suggest that tetraploid PHMs arise when three different sperm fertilize a single, normal ovum. SNP array is useful to determine the parental contributions in triploid/tetraploid conceptuses. It also allows for direct visualization of meiotic crossover frequency and sites in these conceptions, providing insight into their biology.
Snapping-back buckling of wide hyperelastic columns

Abstract The mechanical instability of columns with a low width-to-length ratio under axial compression has been studied for more than 260 years, known as the Euler buckling. Such columns buckle at a critical strain on the order of 1%, after which the compressive load continuously increases with the displacement. Recently, in the advance of soft robotics and mechanical metamaterials, researchers have harnessed buckling of high width-to-length ratio columns to achieve new functions. However, buckling and post-buckling of these columns are not well studied. Here we show hyperelastic columns, depending on their width-to-length ratio, can undergo continuous, snapping-through, or snapping-back buckling. In particular, we identify a new snapping-back mode of column buckling, in which beyond the onset of buckling, a column bends to form a sub-critical crease. Our analytical discrete model reveals that snapping-back buckling results from strong coupling between stretching and bending. A phase diagram is constructed to demarcate the different buckling modes of axially compressed columns.
A Low Cost Millimeter-Wave Phased Array

The congested sub-65GHz spectrum has steered the attention towards millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication systems. To date, mm-wave systems have either sacrificed efficiency, bandwidth, or cost to be realized. In this paper, we present a low cost wideband feed for UWB Tightly Coupled Dipole Array (TCDA) operating across Ku-K-Ka bands and 5G bands (viz. 17.5-70 GHz) with emphasis on dual linear polarization. The presented array and feed are packaged in a compact profile (H = 2.7 mm) suitable for mobile and hand-held devices. Notably, the novelty of this antenna is the use of low-cost standard PCB processes, with Ball Grid Array (BGA) connection for a radiation efficient System in Package (SiP) approach. The presented mm-wave TCDA achieves over 52 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth for VSWR < 3 with scanning down to 60° in both E and H planes in infinite array simulations.
Protective Fabrics: Metal-Organic Framework Textiles for Rapid Photocatalytic Sulfur Mustard Simulant Detoxification

Summary Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can catalyze toxic chemical decontamination, but new MOF materials and synthesis strategies are needed to improve performance, particularly in field-usable MOF-textile formats. This article reports for the first time the exceptional photocatalytic reactivity of Al-PMOF (Al-porphyrin-based MOF), composed of an earth-abundant metal-containing Al(OH)O4 cluster bridged by H2TCPP (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin) chromophores, against the toxic sulfur mustard simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) under visible-light irradiation. Furthermore, Al-PMOF is strongly immobilized into polymeric fibers via well-controlled Al2O3 solid film conversion using dimethylformamide/water cosolvent. The approach enables a secure integration of conformal Al-PMOF films onto polymer fibers at a relatively low synthesis temperature (120°C). In addition, on a per-unit mass of MOF basis, the surface-bound Al-PMOF films enable extremely rapid CEES detoxification turnover frequency, up to 170 mol CEES mol chromophore − 1 min − 1 , more than 10-fold faster than the best MOF powders and 2-fold better than MOF films reported to date.
Organic Matter is a Mixture of Terrestrial, Autochthonous, and Wastewater Effluent in an Urban River

Terrestrially derived OM is known to dominate the OM pool in reference watersheds. Urban watersheds are known to receive large OM loads compared to reference watersheds, but the proportion of terrestrial, autochthonous, and anthropogenic (e.g., wastewater effluent) sources of OM in urban watersheds remains unknown. Organic matter was identified as a pollutant of concern in the Jordan River, an urban river in the Salt Lake Basin, U.S.A. Our objective was to identify autochthonous, terrestrial, and anthropogenic sources of three size-classes of OM to the Jordan River to inform OM reduction strategies within the watershed. Samples of coarse particulate OM (CPOM), fine particulate OM (FPOM), and dissolved OM (DOM) were analyzed for stable isotopes of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. Stable isotope values of OM were used for Bayesian and graphical gradient-based mixing models to identify autochthonous, terrestrial, and anthropogenic sources. Fluorescent properties of DOM were also used to characterize the sources and composition of DOM. CPOM was primarily terrestrially derived with increased autochthonous inputs from macrophytes in warm months. FPOM was a mixture of terrestrial, autochthonous, and wastewater effluent throughout the year. DOM was primarily from wastewater effluent as well as DOM with isotope signatures unique to DOM from Utah Lake. Characterization of OM in urban rivers will help inform conceptual models of OM dynamics and load management in urban ecosystems.
Substitutions of Amino Acid Residues in the Substrate Binding Site of Horse Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase Have Small Effects on the Structures but Significantly Affect Catalysis of Hydrogen Transfer.

Previous studies showed that the L57F and F93W alcohol dehydrogenases catalyze the oxidation of benzyl alcohol with some quantum mechanical hydrogen tunneling, whereas the V203A enzyme has diminished tunneling. Here, steady-state kinetics for the L57F and F93W enzymes were studied, and microscopic rate constants for the ordered bi-bi mechanism were estimated from simulations of transient kinetics for the S48T, F93A, S48T/F93A, F93W, and L57F enzymes. Catalytic efficiencies for benzyl alcohol oxidation (V1/EtKb) vary over a range of ∼100-fold for the less active enzymes up to the L57F enzyme and are mostly associated with the binding of alcohol rather than the rate constants for hydride transfer. In contrast, catalytic efficiencies for benzaldehyde reduction (V2/EtKp) are ∼500-fold higher for the L57F enzyme than for the less active enzymes and are mostly associated with the rate constants for hydride transfer. Atomic-resolution structures (1.1 A) for the F93W and L57F enzymes complexed with NAD+ and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl alcohol or 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol are almost identical to previous structures for the wild-type, S48T, and V203A enzymes. Least-squares refinement with SHELXL shows that the nicotinamide ring is slightly strained in all complexes and that the apparent donor-acceptor distances from C4N of NAD to C7 of pentafluorobenzyl alcohol range from 3.28 to 3.49 A (±0.02 A) and are not correlated with the rate constants for hydride transfer or hydrogen tunneling. How the substitutions affect the dynamics of reorganization during hydrogen transfer and the extent of tunneling remain to be determined.
PI parameterization using adaptive fuzzy modulation (AFM) for networked control systems. I. Partial adaptation

When using an IP network in control systems, a network-induced time delay is generated, which has adverse effects on the networked closed-loop control systems such as performance degradation and system destabilization. In this paper, we propose an intelligent controller using fuzzy logic on top of a PI gain to adaptively compensate for the IP network-induced time delay in time-delay sensitive networked control system (NCS) applications. One of the advantages of this proposed fuzzy logic compensator is that we do not need to completely redesign the existing PI controller, but simply modulate the PI controller action with the output of the intelligent fuzzy logic controller. In part I of this paper, a partial adaptation scheme to tune the consequent parameters for this fuzzy logic modulator is presented. Numerical simulation of a network-based controlled DC motor is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme over a direct PI controller parameter tuning. In part II of this paper, we propose the full adaptive fuzzy modulation (AFM), where both consequent parameters and membership functions parameters are tuned adaptively.
Linking classical PRA models to a dynamic PRA

Abstract This paper presents a series of methods designed to incorporate classical Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) models such as Event Trees (ETs) and Fault Trees (FTs) into dynamic PRA. In contrast to classical PRA, dynamic PRA couples stochastic methods with system simulators to determine the risks associated with complex systems such as nuclear power plants. Compared with classical PRA methods, they can evaluate with higher resolution the safety impact of timing and sequencing of events on the progression of the accident. As part of a dynamic PRA analysis, it is not uncommon that parts of the system to be analyzed might not require a computationally expensive simulation model. These parts could be in fact modeled by employing classical PRA models (e.g., a FT). Here, we present a set of methods and tools that can be used to link the most common classical PRA models (ETs, FTs, reliability block diagrams and Markov models) to simulation codes such as RELAP5-3D: creating a “hybrid PRA.” In order to show the potential of such an hybrid PRA we employ this method to verify ET modeling assumptions (e.g., success criteria) using a large break loss of coolant accident initiating event as a test case. In this respect, we link a set of FTs from the original PRA to the RELAP5-3D code and perform a hybrid PRA. The FTs are employed to model the control logic of several safety systems and to propagate component failures throughout the system. Provided the generated dynamic PRA data, we show how conservative assumptions in the original PRA can be identified and how such original PRA can be modified by updating success criteria captured by the set of RELAP5-3D simulation runs.
Redefining Social Lives

Caring for grandchildren with disabilities often reshapes social lives. The impact of care work on social lives is decidedly mixed. Some grandparents find that there is little impact, in part because they make a point of seeing old friends, traveling, and limiting care work. Some grandparents find the impact is substantial but they have few regrets as they redefine their social lives to exclude old friends and include instead family and, in particular, grandchildren. But many grandparents find that caring for grandchildren with disabilities has narrowed their world. They forfeit times with old friends, church, volunteer work, and travel adventures often because sparse resources and serious health issues combine to usurp their time and energies.
At the frontier of teaching and practice: Relevant issues for nontraditional undergraduate I-O psychology

Comments on an article by Lisa M Kath et al (see record 2021-16490-003) This commentary expands upon the focal article's outline of fundamentals in applying industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology research to the practice of teaching by addressing the needs of undergraduate students in nontraditional circumstances Although positioned as applicable to large and small classes as well as students who may not pursue I-O psychology as a career, the scope of their recommendations did not address two important cases of undergraduate I-O teaching: course modality and nonpsychology student populations As remote instruction in the age of the novel coronavirus pandemic is more relevant than ever before, these cases require further attention We therefore offer insights and considerations into teaching I-O psychology to undergraduates by drawing from our own experience in building an undergraduate I-O minor within a college that serves nonpsychology students via primarily asynchronous courses As a result, this commentary is relevant for teaching I-O psychology to undergraduates who are distributed across countries and time zones, veterans (often with disabilities), and adults with full-time careers-characteristics of students likely to be enrolled in online courses and programs (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Energy and Area Efficient Mixed-Mode MCMC MIMO Detector

A hybrid analog/digital signal processor has been proposed to implement energy-efficient multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) detectors. A sub-optimum MIMO detector based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for a $4\times 4$ MIMO system is presented. The main part of the required signal processing occurs in analog domain to reduce power consumption. The outputs of the proposed analog processor are converted to digital using a low-resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in order to close the loop in digital domain. The proposed $4\times 4$ MCMC MIMO detector is designed in a conventional 45 nm CMOS technology, that consumes 29.3 mW from 1.0 V supply. A throughput of 235.3 Mbps is achieved while operating at 1.0 GHz clock frequency. The design occupies $0.11\ \mathrm{mm}^{2}$ silicon area.
Integrating depression storages and their spatial distribution in watershed-scale hydrologic modeling

Abstract Surface depressions are important topographic characteristics for surface runoff initiation, and the spatial distribution of depressions may further affect the timing and quantity of surface runoff reaching channels and outlets. However, many hydrologic models simulate the fill-spill processes for depression-dominated areas in a lumped manner and release outflows from depressions to channels or outlets directly. As a result, the progressive formation of contributing area (CA) and the dynamic runoff contribution process are not well characterized. The objective of this study is to improve depression-oriented hydrologic modeling by incorporating the influence of depression storages and their spatial distribution into the simulation of surface runoff generation and flow routing. To achieve this objective, a modified depression-oriented variable contributing area (MD-VCA) model is developed to simulate the depression-dominated catchment response during rainfall events, which employs a new depressional time-area zone scheme to deal with the spatially distributed depression storages, tracks the intrinsic changing patterns of the connected areas and depression storage, simulates the connected area-based surface runoff generation dynamics, implements a new CA-based surface runoff routing technique, and quantifies the likelihood of occurrence of outlet CA and runoff contributions using the joint probability distribution associated with depression storages and their spatial distribution. The performance of the MD-VCA model was evaluated through the application to a depression-dominated watershed in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota. Simulation results demonstrated that the MD-VCA model was able to simulate the threshold-controlled overland flow dynamics under different rainfall conditions, and it effectively revealed the influences of depression storages and their spatial distribution on surface runoff generation and propagation processes.
Indefinite subjects in Mandarin Chinese

Abstract Indefinite subjects in Mandarin Chinese are dis-preferred or restricted according to previous studies although they do exist in natural data. In this study we examine two issues: when they are used and why they are used. The first issue is best answered by looking at the information status of indefinite subjects. We adopt the framework of givenness and newness developed by Prince (1992) and revised by Birner’s (2004, 2006). We find that although indefinite subjects are new most of the time, most of them also carry some old information; the given-before-new principle is satisfied. For the second issue, we examine topic continuity of indefinite subjects in discourse. We find that they perform a discourse function different from that of the post-verbal NPs in existential sentences. Most of the time their referents are non-persistent, and they are not discourse topics, unlike post-verbal NPs in existential sentences.
SU-E-J-68: Adaptive Radiotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer: Re-Planning Based On Prior Dose.

Purpose: Adaptive Radiotherapy (ART) with frequent CT imaging has been used to improve dosimetric accuracy by accounting for anatomical variations, such as primary tumor shrinkage and/or body weight loss, in Head and Neck (H&N) patients. In most ART strategies, the difference between the planned and the delivered dose is estimated by generating new plans on repeated CT scans using dose-volume constraints used with the initial planning CT without considering already delivered dose. The aim of this study was to assess the dosimetric gains achieved by re-planning based on prior dose by comparing them to re-planning not based-on prior dose for H&N patients. Methods: Ten locally-advanced H&N cancer patients were selected for this study. For each patient, six weekly CT imaging were acquired during the course of radiotherapy. PTVs, parotids, cord, brainstem, and esophagus were contoured on both planning and six weekly CT images. ART with weekly re-plans were done by two strategies: 1) Generating a new optimized IMRT plan without including prior dose from previous fractions (NoPriorDose) and 2) Generating a new optimized IMRT plan based on the prior dose given from previous fractions (PriorDose). Deformable image registration was used to accumulate the dose distributions between planning and six weeklymore » CT scans. The differences in accumulated doses for both strategies were evaluated using the DVH constraints for all structures. Results: On average, the differences in accumulated doses for PTV1, PTV2 and PTV3 for NoPriorDose and PriorDose strategies were <2%. The differences in Dmean to the cord and brainstem were within 3%. The esophagus Dmean was reduced by 2% using PriorDose. PriorDose strategy, however, reduced the left parotid D50 and Dmean by 15% and 14% respectively. Conclusion: This study demonstrated significant parotid sparing, potentially reducing xerostomia, by using ART with IMRT optimization based on prior dose for weekly re-planning of H&N cancer patients.« less
Scatter Hoarding of Seeds Confers Survival Advantages and Disadvantages to Large-Seeded Tropical Plants at Different Life Stages

Scatter hoarding of seeds by animals contributes significantly to forest-level processes, including plant recruitment and forest community composition. However, the potential positive and negative effects of caching on seed survival, germination success, and seedling survival have rarely been assessed through experimental studies. Here, I tested the hypothesis that seed burial mimicking caches made by scatter hoarding Central American agoutis (Dasyprocta punctate) enhances seed survival, germination, and growth by protecting seeds from seed predators and providing favorable microhabitats for germination. In a series of experiments, I used simulated agouti seed caches to assess how hoarding affects seed predation by ground-dwelling invertebrates and vertebrates for four plant species. I tracked germination and seedling growth of intact and beetle-infested seeds and, using exclosures, monitored the effects of mammals on seedling survival through time. All experiments were conducted over three years in a lowland wet forest in Costa Rica. The majority of hoarded palm seeds escaped predation by both invertebrates and vertebrates while exposed seeds suffered high levels of infestation and removal. Hoarding had no effect on infestation rates of D. panamensis, but burial negatively affected germination success by preventing endocarp dehiscence. Non-infested palm seeds had higher germination success and produced larger seedlings than infested seeds. Seedlings of A. alatum and I. deltoidea suffered high mortality by seed-eating mammals. Hoarding protected most seeds from predators and enhanced germination success (except for D. panamensis) and seedling growth, although mammals killed many seedlings of two plant species; all seedling deaths were due to seed removal from the plant base. Using experimental caches, this study shows that scatter hoarding is beneficial to most seeds and may positively affect plant propagation in tropical forests, although tradeoffs in seed survival do exist.
Accessibility analysis for polyhedral objects

The set of accessible or visible directions for a surface feature of a solid is the feature’s GAC (Global Accessibility Cone). GACs are useful for high-level planning of inspection operations, and for other applications. This paper presents an algorithm for computing GACs for faces of polyhedral solids. The algorithm involves calculating the “silhouettes” of solids generated by Minkowski operations.
Characterization of electric motor drives for traction applications

The ideal characteristics of an electric motor drive for traction application in an electric and hybrid electric vehicle are high torque at low speed region for fast acceleration, hill climbing and obstacle negotiation, and low torque at high speed for normal driving. To minimize the power rating of the motor drive, therefore, the energy storage power rating, at the given vehicle performance, the electric motor drive is required to have a long constant power range to meet the torque and speed demand. In this paper, the effect of the motor characteristics on the vehicle performance is analyzed, and the characteristics of three major electric motors-induction motor, permanent magnet brushless DC motor and switched reluctance motor are investigated.
Sintered Plug Flow Modulation of a Vapor-Liquid Phase Separator for a Helium II Vessel

Future planned space missions will require extended cryogen storage1. Thermodynamic state control of the cryogenic liquid He II requires well-defined separation of the vapor from the liquid at the vessel vent line exit. For such systems designed to operate in the range from 1 K to 2 K, vapor-liquid phase separation of superfluid He II has been extensively studied with passive devices1,3,5,6 and active systems2,4,7,8.
Why countries trade Insights from firm-level data

Two theories dominate economic thinking on the causes of international exchange. Comparative advantage explains trade by inherent differences between countries. Increasing returns explains trade by the productivity and variety advantages from specialization and exchange even among like economies. But one-hundred-eighty years after the publication of Ricardo’s “Principles,” and two decades into the “new trade theory” revolution, we know little about their relative importance in giving rise to observed trade patterns.1 An assessment of their relative importance would require identifying features which distinguish the theories, and employing appropriate data to quantify the relative contributions. While the theories are quite distinct at the microeconomic level, it has proven very difficult to identify features of aggregate trade patterns which would help to distinguish the theories. In particular, two features of trade patterns which have in the past been advanced as distinguishing the theories—intra-industry and North–North trade—do not help to separate the theories (Chipman (1988), Davis (1995, 1997), Harrigan (1994)). Since the available data has most frequently concerned trade flows at a reasonably aggregated level, it was inherently difficult to formulate a test of the theories. Davis and Weinstein (1996, 1999, 2003), do place comparative advantage and increasing returns in direct contest, and quantifies their relative importance in contributing to production structure within the OECD, and across regions of Japan. Similar efforts have been made by Head and Ries (2001) and Trionfetti (2001). Two qualifications should be noted. First, that work provided an appropriate test of the two theories, but they quantified the contribution
Medical students using Grateful Med: analysis of failed searches and a six-month follow-up study

Medical students at the University of Missouri were taught to search MEDLINE using the Grateful Med software. The traffic files of student searches were analyzed for search behavior. This paper reports on two specific aspects of these analyses: (1) failed searches where retrieval was either too large or too small (zero hits); and (2) a six month follow-up study which focused on error rates and retention of skills. The two major reasons for retrieving too many citations were entering a phrase on a single subject line and a search of only one concept. Of the zero hit searches, the most commonly occurring errors were MeSH (medical subject headings) not used, other MeSH errors, misspelling or keyboard errors, and faulty logic. During the six month follow-up study, the error rates of students declined in spite of the fact that they had not used the software in six months. Furthermore, a larger percentage of the searches showed a more sophisticated use of MeSH than previously employed.
Spectrum of pneumonia in the current era of liver transplantation and its effect on survival.

OBJECTIVE To examine the frequency and microbial pattern of pneumonia and its effect on survival in the current era of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). PATIENTS AND METHODS At the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Fla, the medical records of consecutive patients who underwent their first OLT between February 1998 and January 2001 were retrospectively reviewed through the end of the first year post-transplantation. RESULTS Of 401 study patients, 20 developed pneumonia; estimates of incidence with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) at 1 and 12 months were 3% (1%-5%) and 5% (3%-7%), respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant microorganism identified (in 8 of 14 patients) during the first month after transplantation. Between the second and sixth months, 2 of the 4 cases of pneumonia were due to fungal infections of Aspergillus fumigatus. Cytomegalovirus was associated with Aspergillus in 1 patient. No other viral or Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed. There were only 2 cases of pneumonia between 7 months and 1 year after transplantation, neither of which was fungal. Approximately 40% (95% CI, 14%-58%) of patients with pneumonia died within 1 month after diagnosis. The relative risk of mortality in the first month after onset of pneumonia was estimated to be 24 (95% CI, 10-54), which is strong evidence of increased risk of mortality with pneumonia (P CONCLUSIONS Pneumonia appears to occur less often after OLT than previously reported but still has a substantial negative effect on survival. In the early period after OLT, P aeruginosa continues to be the predominant organism causing pneumonia.
On reliability-based structural optimization for earthquakes

Abstract A formulation is presented for the minimum-weight design of a structure subjected to an earthquake ground motion and constrained by a specified upper bound on overall probability of failure. The formulation includes a probabilistic representation of earthquake response spectrum shape and structural stiffness characteristics. Examples are presented which provide insight into basic features of reliability-based earthquake-resistant designs, and also illustrate the effects of different material characterizations and different assumptions regarding parameter distributions. In addition, designs based on the probabilistic representation of response spectrum are compared to designs based on deterministic response spectra which correspond to particular levels of probability of occurrence.
Annotation as process: A vital information seeking activity in historical geographic research

This paper describes the role annotations played in evolving and growing the value of a research database in the framework of an historical geographer's information seeking process. The database was designed as a "note-taking" tool for gathering historical evidence from primary source documents. The individual facts collected at first provided little utility to the researcher, indicative of Buckland's (1991) information-as-thing. As the process of collecting data began to amass a large body of material the geographer's information needs grew as new connections were made between the accumulating annotations.
Preparation of some steroids in microcrystalline form by rapid freeze-sublimation technique.

Since it is sometimes desirable that insoluble therapeutic agents, such as steroids, in aqueous suspensions intended for parenteral use be present as extremely small particles, a procedure for acquiring powders in this state was investigated. A condensation method utilizing a rapid freezing-sublimation drying technique was found to be suitable for the preparation of cholesterol, pregnenolone, and -δ4-androstene-3,17-dione in the form of submicron particles. The average particle size of the powders obtained by this procedure was calculated from data by determining the specific surface area. Data are given to show that the average particle size obtained is influenced by the steroid chosen, the concentration of the steroid in the initial solution, the solvent used, the temperatures employed in the process, and the presence of certain additives.