cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Wandering Pathway in Plant Biology: From Wildflowers to Phototropins to Bacterial Virulence

The author describes the somewhat convoluted pathway he followed from amateur taxonomy of Minnesota wildflowers to identification of the phototropin family of blue-light receptors. He also mentions individuals who were important in moving his career first into plant taxonomy, then plant development, and finally plant photobiology (and out of music). He emphasizes the many twists and turns a research career can take, including a few that lead to blind ends. He also emphasizes the oscillatory nature of his career—back and forth between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans (with occasional forays to Freiburg, Germany) and back and forth between red-light receptors and blue-light receptors. There is a short intermission in which he describes his longtime relationship with California's Henry W. Coe State Park. Finally, he relates how he followed the unlikely pathway from plant blue-light receptors to a blue-light receptor required to maximize virulence of a bacterial animal pathogen.
hnRNP A1 associates with telomere ends and stimulates telomerase activity.

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex that reverse-transcribes an integral RNA template to add short DNA repeats to the 39-ends of telomeres. G-quadruplex structure in a DNA substrate can block its extension by telomerase. We have found that hnRNP A1—which was previously implicated in telomere length regulation—binds to both single-stranded and structured human telomeric repeats, and in the latter case, it disrupts their higher-order structure. Using an in vitro telomerase assay, we observed that depletion of hnRNP A/B proteins from 293 human embryonic kidney cell extracts dramatically reduced telomerase activity, which was fully recovered upon addition of purified recombinant hnRNP A1. This finding suggests that hnRNP A1 functions as an auxiliary, if not essential, factor of telomerase holoenzyme. We further show, using chromatin immunoprecipitation, that hnRNP A1 associates with human telomeres in vivo. We propose that hnRNP A1 stimulates telomere elongation through unwinding of a G-quadruplex or G-G hairpin structure formed at each translocation step.
Treatment of child abuse: a review of the behavioral interventions.

Child abuse has probably existed as a social problem as long as parents and children have lived under the same roof, and in recent years it has received tremendous attention. Most of the research has focused on etiology rather than treatment, leaving large gaps in our knowledge about remediating abuse. Behavioral scientists have only begun to formulate a conceptual framework from which to work. Many theoretical questions are yet unanswered, particularly the question of what constitutes abuse. Burgess (1978) believes that conceptual problems exist because abuse falls along a continuum of parent-child relationships--a continuum that at one end might include verbal punishment (e.g., threats, ridicule) or milder forms of physical punishment (e.g., slap on the hand, spanking), and at the other end include extreme forms of physical punishment that exceed community mores (for example, hitting a child with a closed fist, scalding a child in hot water, torturing or killing a child). Thus, the question-- where does discipline stop and abuse begin?-- faces every researcher who must operationally define abuse. Identifying the consequences of abuse in a child's development is another area of inquiry that remains untreated. Most of the literature is filled with the subjective impressions of professionals speculating that abused children become the juvenile delinquents and the child abusers of the future; however, as yet no longitudinal studies have been conducted that compare the developmental outcomes of abused and non-abused children from early childhood to later adulthood. What if there were no differences? How might this influence our approaches to the treatment of abuse? Answers to these and other questions will take years of study. Increased awareness of the problem of child abuse has led to greater efforts to remediate the problem. Treatment efforts with abusive families are still in the initial stages, but, undoubtedly, information from these early programs can be the foundation for future researchers to formulate new, more effective intervention programs. Future researchers should focus on identifying those aspects of existing programs that lend themselves to empirical study and have led to more successful parent-child relationships.
Groupwise point pattern registration using a novel CDF-based Jensen-Shannon Divergence

In this paper, we propose a novel and robust algorithm for the groupwise non-rigid registration of multiple unlabeled point-sets with no bias toward any of the given pointsets. To quantify the divergence between multiple probability distributions each estimated from the given point sets, we develop a novel measure based on their cumulative distribution functions that we dub the CDF-JS divergence. The measure parallels the well known Jensen-Shannon divergence (defined for probability density functions) but is more regular than the JS divergence since its definition is based on CDFs as opposed to density functions. As a consequence, CDF-JS is more immune to noise and statistically more robust than the JS. We derive the analytic gradient of the CDF-JS divergence with respect to the non-rigid registration parameters for use in the numerical optimization of the groupwise registration leading a computationally efficient and accurate algorithm. The CDF-JS is symmetric and has no bias toward any of the given point-sets, since there is NO fixed reference data set. Instead, the groupwise registration takes place between the input data sets and an evolving target dubbed the pooled model. This target evolves to a fully registered pooled data set when the CDF-JS defined over this pooled data is minimized. Our algorithm is especially useful for creating atlases of various shapes (represented as point distribution models) as well as for simultaneously registering 3D range data sets without establishing any correspondence. We present experimental results on non-rigid registration of 2D/3D real point set data.
Inducible loss of one Apc allele in Lrig1-expressing progenitor cells results in multiple distal colonic tumors with features of familial adenomatous polyposis

Individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) harbor a germline mutation in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). The major clinical manifestation is development of multiple colonic tumors at a...
Temporomandibular disorder and comorbid pain conditions

A 50-year-old woman who was new to the dental office sought treatment because of a chief complaint of pain in her jaw and teeth “for many years.” During a period of several years, she had seen many dentists who had adjusted her occlusion and restored most of her molars in an attempt to eliminate her pain. However, her facial pain condition did not improve with this treatment approach. Her previous dentist made an oral appliance and told her that there was nothing else he could do for her. She reported that the soreness in her jaw and her headaches had worsened lately. The patient’s medical history included constant headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, vulvar vestibulitis syndrome and fibromyalgia (FM). Is there an association between her chronic facial pain and these other widespread pain conditions?
Ethanol preference in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice at three ages and eight ethanol concentrations

Eight ethanol concentrations (4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%) were used. A reduction in ethanol preference with increasing age was seen in the C57BL/6 mice, but not in the BALB/c animals. For C57BL/6 mice the largest difference in ethanol preference occurred between the 10% and 18% ethanol solutions. It was found that the ethanol preference of the 14-16 mo. C57BL/6 mice was similar to the 7-9 mo. old C57BL/6 mice at the first 5 concentrations. For the remaining concentrations the 14-16 mo. mice more closely resembled the 22-24 mo. mice in ethanol preference. The results of this study suggested that increased age does not simply result in a reduction in ethanol preference, but is a function of the genotype and concentration of the ethanol solution.
This Old House: Using Enterprise Architecture to Upgrade Old IT Systems

We all have IT systems of dubious heritage - systems that we don't fully understand or perhaps even know all of the components involved. Yet, we continually build add-ons that work well enough that we'd never consider replacing them for fear of breaking something that we didn't even know was connected. Enter the need for enterprise architecture.
Electromyogram decomposition via unsupervised dynamic multi-layer neural network

A signal decomposition method which utilizes a multi-layer dynamic network to automatically decompose a clinical electromyogram (EMG), without supervision, is proposed. Due to the lack of a priori knowledge of motor unit potential (MUP) morphology, the EMG decomposition must be performed in an unsupervised manner. A neural network classifier, consisting of a multi-layer neural net of perceptrons and using an unsupervised training strategy, is proposed. The neural network learns repetitive appearances of MUP waveforms from their suspected occurrence in a given filtered EMLG signal by using an unsupervised clustering strategy. Upon training, the network creates stable attractors which correspond to nominal representations of MUP clusters hidden in the data. The decomposition/clustering capabilities of the proposed method are validated on a real EMG signal and on an unlabeled signal set. >
Ebola Virus Disease: Roles and Considerations for Pharmacists

Ebola virus disease (EVD) poses significant clinical care implications for pharmacists. Emergency preparedness efforts should be undertaken to ensure vital response to EVD. Pharmacists should consider factors such as enhanced use of resources for front-line EVD patient care along with procurement of investigational medications. Appropriate and timely preparation, distribution, and administration of treatment for patients with EVD in the setting of substantial critical illness as well as infection control measures are essential. Aggressive supportive care and early, goal-directed therapy are cornerstones of therapy, whereas investigational treatments for EVD will likely play a larger, more well-defined role as future clinical trials are conducted.
In Search of Easy-to-Use Methods for Calibrating ADCP's for Velocity and Discharge Measurements

Acoustic Doppler current profilers 2 (ADCP’s) have become a common tool for measuring streamflow and profiles of water velocity. Despite their widespread use, no standard procedure has been adopted or accepted for calibration of ADCP’s. Limitations of existing facilities for testing point-velocity meters, the complexity of ADCP instruments, and rapid changes in ADCP technology are some of the reasons that a standard procedure has not been adopted. This paper outlines various methods for calibrating ADCP’s, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, and presents a simple, cost-effective procedure for calibrating an ADCP in the field. Standard methods for the calibration of current meters involve towing a meter in a tow tank at various known speeds. This method has also been used to calibrate ADCP's. Disadvantages to this method include lack of adequate and uniform backscattering material, lack of flowing water in the testing facility, and inability to use the ADCP’s internal flux-gate compass. Use of flumes for ADCP calibration is not practical for many ADCP’s due to width and depth restrictions associated with the instruments. ADCP’s and conventional methods for measuring velocity and discharge have also been compared. However, these field comparisons are costly and conventional velocity and discharge measurements may be subject to relatively large uncertainties. The USGS is investigating a new method for ADCP calibration. This method requires the use of differential global positioning system (DPGS) with sub-meter accuracy and standard software for collecting ADCP data. The method involves traversing a long (400 – 800 meter) course at a constant compass heading and speed, while collecting simultaneous DGPS and ADCP data. This process is repeated several times and the ratio of the course length measured by means of the ADCP to the course length measured by means of DGPS is computed. When this ratio is less than 0.995, measurements made with RD Instruments’ Rio Grande ADCP most likely have a negative bias error and when it is greater than 1.003 the ADCP most likely has a positive bias error. It is estimated that this procedure can be completed in 2 hours or less, and can be done by anyone with access to a sub-meter DGPS.
Stabilization of the activity of ATP-sensitive potassium channels by ion pairs formed between adjacent Kir6.2 subunits.

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are formed by the coassembly of four Kir6.2 subunits and four sulfonylurea receptor subunits (SUR). The cytoplasmic domains of Kir6.2 mediate channel gating by ATP, which closes the channel, and membrane phosphoinositides, which stabilize the open channel. Little is known, however, about the tertiary or quaternary structures of the domains that are responsible for these interactions. Here, we report that an ion pair between glutamate 229 and arginine 314 in the intracellular COOH terminus of Kir6.2 is critical for maintaining channel activity. Mutation of either residue to alanine induces inactivation, whereas charge reversal at positions 229 and 314 (E229R/R314E) abolishes inactivation and restores the wild-type channel phenotype. The close proximity of these two residues is demonstrated by disulfide bond formation between cysteine residues introduced at the two positions (E229C/R314C); disulfide bond formation abolishes inactivation and stabilizes the current. Using Kir6.2 tandem dimer constructs, we provide evidence that the ion pair likely forms by residues from two adjacent Kir6.2 subunits. We propose that the E229/R314 intersubunit ion pairs may contribute to a structural framework that facilitates the ability of other positively charged residues to interact with membrane phosphoinositides. Glutamate and arginine residues are found at homologous positions in many inward rectifier subunits, including the G-protein–activated inwardly rectifying potassium channel (GIRK), whose cytoplasmic domain structure has recently been solved. In the GIRK structure, the E229- and R314-corresponding residues are oriented in opposite directions in a single subunit such that in the tetramer model, the E229 equivalent residue from one subunit is in close proximity of the R314 equivalent residue from the adjacent subunit. The structure lends support to our findings in Kir6.2, and raises the possibility that a homologous ion pair may be involved in the gating of GIRKs.
Comparative Anatomic Study of Mandibular Growth in Rats After Bilateral Resections of Superficial Masseter, Posterior Temporal, and Anterior Digastric Muscles

Bilateral resections of the superficial masseter, posterior temporal, and anterior digastric muscles of rats were done to determine their effects on mandibular growth. The macroscopic findings support the functional matrix theory of mandibular growth. The analysis of body weight and the statistical two-way analysis of variance done suggest that malnutrition was the main factor that caused the mandibles of rats in the experimental groups to remain undersized.
Comparison of photoacoustic imaging systems using continuous-wave lasers with a chirped intensity modulation frequency to pulsed lasers

We compare imaging systems using continuous-wave (CW) lasers with a chirped intensity modulation frequency to pulsed lasers. We show that the resolution is the same in both cases. We also compare the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the two systems assuming the fluence is set by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) limits. Although the SNR depends on several parameters, we find that it is about 20 dB to 30 dB larger for pulsed lasers for reasonable values of the parameters. However, CW diode lasers have the advantage of being compact and relatively inexpensive, which may outweigh the slightly lower SNR in many applications.
Patterns of endangerment or pathways to enlightenment? Reconstructing the Fauna Hawaiiensis

Abstract Specimens taxonomically treated in the Fauna Hawaiiensis were associated by cluster analysis, thereby reconstructing assemblages of Hawaiian carabid beetle species (Coleoptera: Carabidae) observed during the late 19th century. Associations among specimens representing 193 species permit concise hypotheses of habitat preferences for many of the 32 carabid species collected during the early period of European scientific exploration (1872–1902), but not observed since. These associations are consistent with data derived from contemporary biological surveys of Hawai'i. Absence of entire clusters of associated species from recent collections suggests actions of common agents leading to extinction or extreme population reduction. The candidate list of threatened and endangered species of the US. Fish and Wildlife Service established prior to 1994 included one Hawaiian carabid species missing since 1902, versus eight other species collected at various times over the past century. Improvements in knowled...
Mechanism for the disassembly of excited 16O projectiles into four alpha particles.

The decay of excited {sup 16}O projectiles into the four alpha particle exit channel has been investigated. The projectiles, with bombarding energies of {ital E}/{ital A}=25 MeV, were excited through peripheral interactions with {sup 159}Tb target nuclei. A 4{pi} counter was used to detect both the projectile alpha particles and the light charged particles evaporated from the target nucleus. Criteria for selecting true {sup 16}O{r arrow}4{alpha} events with the minimum contamination from incorrectly identified events were examined. The distribution of relative angles between the four alpha particles in their center of mass frame was compared to simulations of {sup 16}O decay by sequential decay mechanisms. The relative angles were shown to be consistent with a sequential evaporation mechanism if a nonzero angular momentum is assumed for the excited projectile. The momentum distribution of the alpha particles in the reaction plane was examined and found to be anisotropic for high projectile excitation energies. This anisotropy was shown to be consistent with Coulomb interactions between the first emitted alpha particle and the target nucleus, which would indicate that the lifetime of the projectile is very short, on the order of 10{sup {minus}22} s.
Principles of Receptor Binding Assays: The Gaba Receptor

In order to fully exploit the potential of receptor binding assays and to avoid the misinterpretation of data, it is essential to have an understanding of the fundamental principles that govern this procedure. Some important considerations include choice of ligand, isotopic species, tissue preparation and incubation conditions. Thus, the manner in which tissue is stored and prepared, as well as the incubation buffer, temperature, time and method for terminating the assay may all influence binding site selectivity.
Selenium and Metabolic Disorders: An Emphasis on Type 2 Diabetes Risk

Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient that maintains biological functions through the action of Se containing proteins known as selenoproteins. Due to the known antioxidant effects of Se, supplements containing Se have been on the rise. While Se supplementation may be beneficial for Se deficient populations, few are at risk for Se deficiency due to the transportation of food from Se-rich regions and the rise of Se-enriched foods. Alarmingly, Se supplementation may have adverse effects in people who already receive an adequate Se supply. Specifically, an increased risk of type 2 diabetes has been reported in individuals with high baseline Se levels. However, this effect was restricted to males, suggesting the relationship between Se and glucose homeostasis may be sexually dimorphic. This review will discuss the current understanding of the interaction between Se and glucose homeostasis, including any sex differences that have been described.
Heterodimerization of Hox proteins with Pbx1 and oncoprotein E2a-Pbx1 generates unique DNA-binding specificities at nucleotides predicted to contact the N-terminal arm of the Hox homeodomain – demonstration of Hox-dependent targeting of E2a-Pbx1 in vivo

Hox proteins control genetic programs that orchestrate development, and a large subset of Hox proteins can bind DNA elements as heterodimers with the Pbx family of homeodomain proteins. A transcriptionally activated version of Pbx1, E2a-Pbx1, is an oncoprotein in human pre-B cell leukemia that strongly suppresses differentiation and retains its ability to heterodimerize with Hox proteins. Because monomeric Hox proteins bind very similar DNA motifs, it is unclear how they activate diverse developmental programs. Here we demonstrate that heterodimers containing different Hox proteins and a common Pbx1 or E2a-Pbx1 partner bind different DNA motifs. Structural models suggest that the specificity of the Hox protein is altered by a conformation change involving residues in the N-terminal arm of the Hox homeodomain. Mutational analysis also supported the hypothesis that unique sequences in the N-terminal arm of the Hox homeodomain are at least partially responsible for mediating this specificity. In vivo, Hox proteins directed E2a-Pbx1-mediated transactivation with moderate specificity to cognate Hox-Pbx motifs. Thus, the development specificity of individual Hox proteins may be mediated, in part, by differential targeting of cellular genes by Pbx1-Hox complexes. Likewise, through its function as a common heterodimer partner, oncoprotein E2a-Pbx1 may be able to interfere with multiple programs of development that are induced by the sequential or simultaneous expression of Hox proteins during hematopoiesis.
Dynamic Characterization of a Centrifugal Compressor with Ported Shroud

The scope of the presented research is to study the effective operational range for a centrifugal vaneless diffuser turbocharger compressor with ported shroud typically used in diesel engines. A turbocharger bench facility was designed and tested in order to define the performances of the compressor under study and to better understand the development and occurrence of surge. Pressure fluctuations were measured at the inlet and the outlet of the compressor as well as at different positions around the volute and in the diffuser by use of dynamic pressure transducers. The dynamic signature of the flow was measured along with the elaboration of the compressor mapping. Hence data covering the entire compressor map were collected and then analyzed with specific insight given at low mass flow rates where unstable phenomena including stall and surge occur. In this study, three regimes of operation were identified from the combination of the dynamic and performance analysis: the stable regime, the stall regime and the deep surge regime. Signal features from the different measuring instruments and configurations are discussed. Particularly, early detection of stall is made possible from the association of the pressure frequency domain and the statistic temporal analysis.
Distinctions between the islets of mice and men: implications for new therapies for type 1 and 2 diabetes.

ABSTRACT Objective To elucidate why diabetes is so difficult to treat despite the present tools and pharmacologic armamentarium and to provide insights into emerging therapies by describing human and rodent data that demonstrates the ability to transform progenitor cells within the adult pancreas into new islets. Methods A literature review focused on the distinctions between human and rodent islets. Results We are beginning to elucidate important differences between the architecture and composition of the islets of Langerhans in humans and rodents. In contrast to rodent islets, human islets are more heterogeneous in cellular composition and have more prominent intra-islet vascularity, with smooth muscle-containing blood vessels that are not present in rodent islets. Some studies report that more than 70% of human beta cells have direct physical contact with other cell types, whereas others describe that smaller human islets possess features more typical of rodents, while larger islets exhibit greater vascularity and a cellular distribution distinct from centrally clustered beta cells surrounded by a mantle of alpha and delta cells found in rodents. Conclusions The differences between the islets of mice and men may influence why treatments hailed as reversing diabetes among rodents have not been successfully translated into humans. Increased understanding of the complexities within the human islet may yield unique insights into reversing diabetes in humans. (Endoc Pract. 2013;19:301-312)
Near-Infrared Fluorescence Lymphatic Imaging in the Pediatric Population

Near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging using indocyanine green is used to assess the lymphatic anatomy and contractile function in pediatric patients with primary lymphedema and postoperative chylothorax without the need for ionizing radiation or sedation.
A Non-stop Crossing-Gate Vehicle Management System

A non-stop crossing-gate vehicle management system is applied to vehicle management of residential districts,parking lots and confidential agencies. It employs RFID, microwave integration and system synthesizing techniques to collect data and manage vehicles intellectually without requiring them stopping. The use of these techniques also make the system low in cost, small in volume and light in weight.
Refining Postharvest Handling Procedures Increased Cut Rose Vase Life

Various postharvest procedures were conducted on several rose (Rosa hybrida) cultivars to determine the effects on vase life, water uptake, change in fresh weight, stage of opening, and vase life termination criteria. Vase life was influenced by cultivar and vase solution. Commercial preservative solutions resulted in a longer vase life, smaller decrease in fresh weight than the controls, and smaller increase in water uptake. Vase life of nine cultivars in distilled water ranged from a low of 7.1 days for Queen 2000 to a high of 15.3 days for Forever Young. Flower termination criteria were also cultivar specific with Black Baccara, Classy, and Charlotte most prone to bent neck and blackening of petal tips. Exogenous ethylene at 0.4 or 4.0 mL L did not affect vase life but lowered water uptake. Application of the antiethylene agent silver thiosulfate (STS) at 0.2 mM concentration significantly improved vase life in five out of the nine cultivars (Anna, Charlotte, First Red, Freedom, and Konfetti) tested, but 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) at 740 nL L did not improve vase life over the control. Both vase life and water uptake were reduced when more than one stem was placed in a vase; placing 10 stems in a vase shortened vase life by 1.4 days and impeded water uptake by up to 10.6 mL/stem per day. Increasing the amount of time stems remained dry before placing in a vase reduced vase life, but recutting immediately before placing in a vase minimized the decline. Increasing the amount of stem cut off the base up to 10 cm increased vase life.
Structural Damage Detection Through Vibrational Feature Analysis with Missing Data

To mitigate the expensive and time-consuming nature of visual structural inspections, vibration-based structural damage detection methods have been proposed that rely on different damage-sensitive features. These features are derived from data collected by sensor networks implemented on the structure. Damage detection through vibration-based feature analysis thus far has relied on simulation or the responses of fixed sensor networks for feature creation. Another type of monitoring scheme, called mobile sensing, has the ability to eliminate the limited spatial information constraint of fixed sensor networks. However, regardless of the monitoring approach of a real-world structure, data sets can incur cases of missing data, either due to such situations like sensor malfunction or loss of communication connectivity, or in the case of mobile sensing due to the nature of the approach itself. In this paper, a fixed sensor network is implemented on a scale laboratory frame structure, and observations are removed from the resulting complete datasets to simulate data missingness. Damage is simulated through interchangeable, variable stiffness elements that make up the frame. Damage detection is conducted by fitting a numerical model to the data and assessing the significance of the change in the model parameters when damage is introduced.
From Bright’s Disease to Chronic Kidney Disease

In the 1820s and 1830s, Richard Bright of Guy’s Hospital in London showed that dropsy (edema) when associated with heat-coagulable urine (albuminuria) predicted one or another form of pathologically altered kidneys at autopsy. His first cases were of hospitalized patients, but he later recognized and described indolent cases, what we would call chronic disease. Subsequent pathologists created classification schemes for chronic renal disease. In the late 19th century, a movement called “functional diagnosis” turned attention to the kidney’s “power” in health and disease, using tests of excretion and concentration. Here arose terms such as “chronic renal failure” which persisted into the 1990s. The notion of renal “work” led to attempts to “rest” the presumably overworking nephrons of impaired kidneys with the low-protein diet. Key figures were Thomas Addis in the period 1920s–1940s, and Barry Brenner in the later decades of the 20th century. Meanwhile, clinicians identified various causes of chronic kidney disease, only in recent decades including diabetes. Treatment from Bright’s time onward aimed at reducing symptoms, such as edema, until concepts of hyper-filtration and injurious effects of proteinuria prompted therapies (beyond diet) aimed at slowing progression. With a sense that the course of chronic renal disease if identified early might be favorably influenced (particularly by inhibition of the renal-angiotensin-aldosterone axis), nephrologists in the United States and elsewhere through their organizations effected changes in nomenclature (e.g. “kidney” not “renal”) and other measures to de-mystify and raise awareness of kidney disease. The hope was that earlier detection might allow interventions to slow progression and thus avoid or delay the need for renal replacement therapy.
Does consumer confidence affect durable goods spending during bad and good economic times equally

Abstract Recent econometric analysis shows consumer confidence innovations have long lasting effects on economic activities like consumption. Using US data, we show this conclusion is more nuanced when considering an economy that has different potential states. We investigate regime-switching models which use the National Bureau of Economic Research US business cycle expansion and contraction data to create an indicator series that distinguishes bad and good economic times and use this series to investigate impulse responses and variance decompositions. We show the connection between consumer confidence to some types of consumer purchases is important during good economic times, but is relatively unimportant during bad economic times. We also use this type of model to investigate the connection between news and consumer confidence and this connection is also shown to be state dependent. In the context of the animal spirits versus news debate, our findings show that during economic expansions, consumer confidence shocks likely reflect news, while during economic contractions, consumer confidence shocks are consistent with animal spirits. These findings also have important implications for recent policy debates which consider whether confidence boosting policies, like raising inflation expectations on big-ticket items such as automobiles or business equipment, would lead to a faster recovery.
Impact of scribes on emergency department patient throughput one year after implementation.

Abstract Objectives Assess the impact of scribes on an academic emergency department's (ED) throughput one year after implementation. Methods A prospective cohort design compared throughput metrics of patients managed when scribes were and were not a part of the treatment team during pre-defined study hours in a tertiary academic ED with both an adult and pediatric ED. An alternating-day pattern one year following scribe implementation ensured balance between the scribe and non-scribe groups in time of day, day of week, and patient complexity. Results Adult : Overall length of stay (LOS) was essentially the same in both groups (214 vs. 215min, p=0.34). In area A where staffing includes an attending and residents, scribes made a significant impact in treatment room time in the afternoon (190 vs 179min, p=0.021) with an increase in patients seen per hour on scribed days (2.00 vs. 2.13). There was no statistically significant changes in throughput metrics in area B staffed by an attending and a nurse practitioner/physician assistant, however scribed days did average more patients per hour (2.01 vs. 2.14). Pediatric : All throughput measurements were significantly longer when the treatment team had a scribe; however, patients per hour increased from 2.33 to 2.49 on scribed days. Conclusions Overall patient throughput was not enhanced by scribes. Certain areas and staffing combinations yielded improvements in treatment room and door to provider time, however, scribes appear to have enabled attending physicians to see more patients per hour. This effect varied across treatment areas and times of day.
A Multi-network Approach Identifies Protein-Specific Co-expression in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease

Here, we report proteomic analyses of 129 human cortical tissues to define changes associated with the asymptomatic and symptomatic stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Network analysis revealed 16 modules of co-expressed proteins, 10 of which correlated with AD phenotypes. A subset of modules overlapped with RNA co-expression networks, including those associated with neurons and astroglial cell types, showing altered expression in AD, even in the asymptomatic stages. Overlap of RNA and protein networks was otherwise modest, with many modules specific to the proteome, including those linked to microtubule function and inflammation. Proteomic modules were validated in an independent cohort, demonstrating some module expression changes unique to AD and several observed in other neurodegenerative diseases. AD genetic risk loci were concentrated in glial-related modules in the proteome and transcriptome, consistent with their causal role in AD. This multi-network analysis reveals protein- and disease-specific pathways involved in the etiology, initiation, and progression of AD.
Changing SNAP-Participation Trends Among Farmworker Households in the U.S., 2003–2012

We investigated Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation among citizen, documented and undocumented immigrant hired crop farmworkers for ten recent years. We analyzed population representative data from the National Agricultural Workers Survey for 2003–2012 (N = 18,243 households). Time-chart, simple mean differences, and logistic regressions described farmworker household participation in SNAP. The 2008 financial crisis almost doubled SNAP-participation by agriculture households (6.5% in 2003–2007 vs. 11.3% in 2008–2012). The increasing SNAP-participation was found for citizen, documented and undocumented immigrant households. We found low participation among documented (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.56–0.8) and undocumented immigrants (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.54–0.74) compared to citizens. Low odds ratios (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.55–0.89) were found for Hispanic-citizens as compared with non-Hispanic white-citizens. Our results may help inform the debate surrounding the effects of the financial crisis on SNAP-participation and on differences in participation among citizens, immigrants, Hispanics and non-Hispanics, the latter suggesting ethnic farmworker disparities in SNAP-participation.
Process engineering: overview of wafer fab process engineering dealing with equipment, processes, and control techniques to meet the SIA road map

Lithography process control is critical for achieving good yield from increasingly complex generations of integrated circuits. Linewidth and overlay control over large die areas are required with smaller errors than ever before. Increasingly complex and expensive equipment and processes are needed to meet these goals. This paper will give an overview of the process engineering issues primarily associated with the 0.35 micron and 0.25 micron generations of integrated circuits. Linewidth control, in particular, will be covered in some detail with emphasis on the effect of the different contributions to focus and exposure variations during patterning. The influence of incoming wafer process variations on the process design for different layers will be described. The challenges of defect density control and throughput and cost control using advanced equipment and processes will be outlined. Mask layout and fabrication issues relating to improved wafer process margins will be discussed. The impact of metrology limitations on the ability to control lithography processes will be described.
Creating Inclusive Library Environments: A Planning Guide for Serving Patrons with Disabilities. Kowalsky, Michelle, and Woodruff, John: Chicago, IL: ALA Editions, 2017, x + 218pp., $62.00, ISBN 978-0-8389-1485-4.

Librarians are required by the ALA Code of Ethics to serve everyone who enters their library equally. The law requires that patrons with disabilities need to be given similar services as are given ...
Hereditary tyrosinemia with hyperplasia and hypertrophy of juxtaglomerular apparatus

Histopathologic and clinical studies of a child with the acute form of hereditary tyrosinemia indicate the difficulty in distinguishing certain features of this disorder from those of galactosemia. Previously unreported hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the juxtaglomerular apparatus were noted and may be a unique morphologic feature of this disorder. Abnormalities found on ultrastructural study of the liver of this case, while nonspecific, demonstrate a phylogenetically primitive pattern of architecture quite different from that of cirrhosis. Such observations may serve as possible clues to the etiology of hereditary tyrosinemia.
Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Workshop on Attribute Based Access Control

Controlling and managing access to sensitive data has been an ongoing challenge for decades. Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) represents the latest milestone in the evolution of logical access control methods. The goal of this inaugural Workshop on Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC '16), held in conjunction with the 6th ACM Conference on Data and Applications Security and Privacy (CODASPY 2016), is to foster a community of researchers interested in all aspects of attribute based access control. ABAC is a fine-grained and a flexible form of access control. To realize its full potential, a number of major challenges need to be addressed including formal modeling and analysis of ABAC such as its safety and expressive power, administrative models for ABAC, attribute assurance, ABAC policy engineering and mining, privacy concerns in ABAC, etc. This inaugural ABAC '16 workshop features papers on various aspects of ABAC including formal models for ABAC and its relationship with XACML, data fusion concerns in attribute engineering, relevance of ABAC to application domains such as information sharing and online social networks, ABAC policy language for REST API, ABAC policy clustering, and trustworthiness of attributes. We hope the workshop attendees will find this wide variety of topics mto be insightful, and helpful in advancing the field of ABAC.
Utility of atmospheric transport runs done backwards in time for source term estimation.

Abstract One of the difficulties encountered in source-term analyses for airborne contaminants is the large computational effort required to predict air concentrations for all possible release scenarios. In some cases, analysts use atmospheric ATM runs with complex models done in the reverse-time direction because one ATM run done backwards in time for each sample can yield as much information as potentially hundreds or thousands of ATM runs done forwards in time. Unfortunately, the effective atmospheric dilution between the source and sampling locations differ depending on the time direction of the ATM run, with runs in the forward time direction being more realistic. No general studies have been published comparing the agreement between runs in the two time directions. Over 18000 ATM runs at 14 release locations were used to explore the agreement between dilution factors for the forward and reversed time directions at distances up to 1000 km from the release point. Ten of the release locations have a correlation below 0.9, with the lowest correlations occurring over mountainous terrain. The release locations were estimated using the time-reversed ATM runs, with 26% of the estimated release points being within 10 km of the modeled release point, 61% within 25 km, and 80% within 50 km. Most of the location differences greater than 50 km occur for two release locations in mountainous terrain. Good time-reversibility cannot be guaranteed for a new analysis, so we recommend any source-term solution using time-reversed ATM runs should include comparisons based on forward time ATM runs.
Development of thermodynamic activity coefficients to describe the catalytic performance of supported polyoxometalate catalysts

Abstract Turnover frequencies for methanol dehydration and oxidation with supported polyoxometalate catalysts exhibit a strong dependence on the extent of proton exchange with other cations. Harned’s rule, which is typically used to describe the thermodynamic activity of acid and salt solutions, was used to model thermodynamic activity coefficients for cation-exchanged, supported polyoxometalates. The resulting activity coefficients described the dehydration and oxidation turnover frequencies of supported, cation-exchanged phosphomolybdate catalysts remarkably well. This approach permits turnover frequencies for gas-solid contact catalysis to be defined in terms of the thermodynamic activity rather than the concentration of active sites, in this case the polyoxometalate protons. The success of a single-parameter activity coefficient model to describe the thermodynamic activity and the catalytic activity of surface acid sites suggests that cation exchange alters the solvation environment of these sites.
The Effects of a Remote-Based Weight Loss Program on Adipocytokines, Metabolic Markers, and Telomere Length in Breast Cancer Survivors: the POWER-Remote Trial

Purpose: We initiated a clinical trial to determine the proportion of breast cancer survivors achieving ≥5% weight loss using a remotely-delivered weight loss intervention (POWER-remote) or a self-directed approach, and to determine the effects of the intervention on biomarkers of cancer risk including metabolism, inflammation, and telomere length. Experimental Design: Women with stage 0-III breast cancer, who completed local therapy and chemotherapy, with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 were randomized to a 12-month intervention (POWER-remote) versus a self-directed approach. The primary objective was to determine the number of women who achieved at least 5% weight loss at six-months. We assessed baseline and six-month change in a panel of adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin, HGF, NGF, PAI1, TNFα, MCP1, IL1β, IL6, and IL8), metabolic factors (insulin, glucose, lipids, hs-CRP), and telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results: From 2013-2015, 96 women were enrolled, and 87 were evaluable for the primary analysis; 45 to POWER-remote and 42 to self-directed. At six-months 51% of women randomized to POWER-remote lost ≥5% of their baseline body weight, compared to 12% in the self-directed arm (OR=7.9, 95% CI 2.6-23.9, p=0.0003); proportion were similar at 12-months (51% versus 17%, respectively, p=0.003). Weight loss correlated with significant decreases in leptin, and favorable modulation of inflammatory cytokines and lipid profiles. There was no significant change in telomere length at six-months. Conclusions: A remotely-delivered weight loss intervention resulted in significant weight loss in breast cancer survivors, and favorable effects on several biomarkers.
The amygdalar opioid system

Abstract This chapter reviews the anatomy and physiological effects of the opioid peptides and their receptors in the amygdala, and behavioral responses during genetic or pharmacological manipulations of the amygdalar opioid system in preclinical studies and what is known from human imaging studies. The amygdalar opioid system consists of the neuropeptides enkephalin, dynorphin, and β-endorphin, and their receptors, which are localized throughout the amygdala. Enkephalins activate both mu and delta-opioid receptors (MOR, DOR), while dynorphin activates kappa opioid receptors (KOR). Opioid receptor activation has postsynaptic inhibitory effects on selected neuronal populations in the amygdala, as well as presynaptically inhibiting both GABA and glutamate release. The amygdalar opioid system plays important roles in nociception, stress and anxiety-related responses, associative learning and conditioned fear, ethanol effects, and opiate dependence or withdrawal. Historically studies focused on enkephalin and MOR-mediated effects, although roles for the dynorphin/KOR system and actions of enkephalin via DOR are emerging.
Maintaining Software May Help an Organization Learn

Information systems (IS) organizations may be constraining their behavior by viewing software maintenance as a separate process from software development. Existing research and practice views software maintenance as an expense incurred after development that should be contained through better development methodologies, better evaluation of system characteristics, better enforcement of programming standards; and more participation of users during initial systems development (Kemerer and Slaughter, 1997; Banker et al., 1993; Dekleva, 1992a). The implication of this research is that if we did it right the first time, there would be no need to continue enhancing software.
Which Trauma Patients Require Lower Enoxaparin Dosing for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis

Trauma patients have a high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) such that an increased enoxaparin dose is necessary to reduce related complications. Given that most trauma patients require an enoxaparin dose of at least 40 mg every 12 hours for VTE prophylaxis, we sought to identify which patients require enoxaparin 30 mg every 12 hours and hypothesized that both weight and low creatinine clearance (CrCl) would more likely determine enoxaparin dosing than age, body mass index (BMI), or body surface area (BSA). Single institution data were collected on trauma patients between August 2014 and February 2018 to compare trauma patients who required enoxaparin 30 mg to those who required ≥40 mg every 12 hours. Of the 245 patients included, 86 (35.1%) required enoxaparin at 30 mg to achieve the goal anti-factor Xa trough level. Factors associated with low dose enoxaparin were older age (59.6 vs. 46.2 years, P ≤ .01) and lower CrCl (81.5 mL/min vs. 93.7 mL/min, P ≤ .01). Weight, BSA, and BMI did not alter the dose of enoxaparin. A regression model determined that only CrCl predicted the need for low dose enoxaparin (adjusted odds ratio .982, 95% CI: .975-.990, P < .01). Although an initial dose of enoxaparin 40 mg is appropriate for most trauma patients, patients with low CrCl should receive 30 mg. Increased age and low weight were not associated with the need for a lower enoxaparin dose.