cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fenazaquin Acaricide Specific Binding Sites in NADH: Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase and Apparently the ATP Synthase Stalk

Abstract Fenazaquin [4-(4- tert -butylphenethoxy)quinazoline] is one of several acaricides and insecticides, including rotenone and pyridaben, that are reported to act by inhibiting NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Complex I) (EC 1.6.99.3) in the range 1–10 n M . [ 3 H]Fenazaquin is used here at 0.8 n M as a radioligand with electron transport particles (ETP) of bovine heart mitochondria to develop a new and rapid filtration assay with 42% specific binding (displaced by 2 μ M rotenone). The potency of rotenoids, quinazolines, pyridaben, acetogenins, and several other disrupters of electron transport as inhibitors of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity generally correlates with their effectiveness in displacing [ 3 H]fenazaquin from its binding site in ETP ( r 2 = 0.96, n = 18). This correlation extends to the fenazaquin analog with (trifluoromethyl)-diazirinyl replacing the tert -butyl substituent assayed at 6 n M, indicating that it also acts at a high-affinity site in Complex I. This diazirinyl analog of fenazaquin with tritium at the O -methylene position (4.7 Ci/mmol), on incubation at 435 n M with ETP then irradiation at 350 nm, results in photoactivatable, irreversible specific binding which is fully protectable with rotenone. The site of labeling was examined by sequential isolation of the only band of specifically labeled protein(s) (which appeared at 22–24 kDa on SDS–PAGE), in situ tryptic digestion of the protein(s) in the band, fractionation of the generated peptides by microbore HPLC, and amino acid sequence analysis. The single labeled HPLC peak of peptides in the tryptic digest was derived from two proteins, both components of ATP synthase, identified as subunit d and the oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein. An unusually low recovery of tryptophan at residue 12 of subunit d of specifically labeled ETP versus control ETP leads to the tentative proposal that labeling occurs at that site. Fenazaquin (and presumably rotenone as well) therefore has at least two specific binding sites in ETP, the anticipated high–affinity site in NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase and apparently a low-affinity site of unknown function, photoaffinity labeled in the stalk region of ATP synthase.
Degradation of Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein Precursor Requires the Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation Components Ubc7 and Hrd1 in Fission Yeast

Sre1, the fission yeast sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP), is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-bound transcription factor that is a principal regulator of hypoxic gene expression. Under low oxygen, Sre1 is cleaved from its inactive ER precursor form to generate an active nuclear transcription factor that up-regulates genes required for low oxygen growth. To maintain a constant supply of Sre1, Sre1 precursor synthesis must be regulated to replenish Sre1 precursor lost to proteolytic cleavage under low oxygen. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms controlling Sre1 precursor levels. We found that positive feedback regulation at the sre1+ promoter increases the synthesis of the Sre1 precursor under low oxygen and that this regulation is required for maximal Sre1 activation and target gene expression. We also demonstrate that the Sre1 precursor is rapidly degraded by the proteasome in the absence of its binding partner Scp1, which is required for oxygen-regulated Sre1 cleavage. Degradation of Sre1 in the absence of Scp1 requires the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) components Ubc7, an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, and Hrd1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. We conclude that positive feedback regulation to up-regulate Sre1 precursor synthesis under low oxygen is essential for Sre1 function and propose that excess Sre1 precursor is removed by ERAD to ensure complex formation between Sre1 and its binding partner Scp1. Thus, Sre1 is a new example of an endogenous ERAD substrate, establishing fission yeast as an organism for the study of this important degradative pathway.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-α and the susceptibility to bronchopulmonary dysplasia†

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease of infancy. A “New” BPD has been characterized in preterm infants that may begin in utero, and then progress post-natally, resulting in arrested lung development and alveolar hypoplasia. Foundations for this “New” BPD may be derived from pro-inflammatory genes including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). The hypothesis of the current study is that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the pro-inflammatory TNFα gene place preterm infants at increased risk for BPD. Preterm infants (105 in number) with birthweights ≤1 kg, who survived to at least 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) or discharge were enrolled into this study. They were stratified for BPD according to their need for supplemental oxygen at 28 days and at 36 weeks PMA (non-, mild-, moderate-, or severe-BPD). DNA was extracted from these infants and subjected to analyses for the TNFα SNPs: −1,031, −863, −857, −308, and −238. The PHASE software (version 2.1) was used to reconstruct haplotypes and estimate their frequencies within the study population. Differences in birth weight (P < 0.001) and gestational age (P < 0.001), but not in racial distribution between the groups were found. Haplotype-specific analysis revealed no significant association between BPD severity and any of the 5-marker common haplotypes with 10 or more copies in this study population. Additionally, no significant association was observed in any three SNP haplotypes at −1,031, −863, and −857, and two SNP haplotypes at −308 and −238. We observed no association between BPD severity and the five TNFα SNPs investigated. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:29–36. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Image of Λ -adic Galois representations modulo p

Let p≥5 be a prime. If an irreducible component of the spectrum of the ‘big’ ordinary Hecke algebra does not have complex multiplication, under mild assumptions, we prove that the image of its mod p Galois representation contains an open subgroup of Open image in new window for the canonical “weight” variable T. This fact appears to be deep, as it is almost equivalent to the vanishing of the μ-invariant of the Kubota–Leopoldt p-adic L-function and the anticyclotomic Katz p-adic L-function. Another key ingredient of the proof is the anticyclotomic main conjecture proven by Rubin/Mazur–Tilouine.
Failure to detect an amorphous calcium-phosphate solid phase in bone mineral: a radial distribution function study

X-ray diffraction radial distribution function analysis was used to determine if a significant amount of an amorphous solid phase of calcium phosphate exists in bone, and if so, whether the amount varies as a function of age and maturation. Unfractionated cortical bone from embryonic and posthatch chicks of various ages and a low-density fraction of embryonic bone were studied. No evidence was found for the presence of an amorphous solid phase of calcium phosphate in any of the samples studied, including the recently deposited bone mineral of the low density fraction of embryonic bone. As little as 12.5% of synthetic amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) added to bone was readily detected by the radial distribution function technique used. The results clearly indicate that the concept that ACP is the initial solid mineral phase deposited in bone, and the major mineral constituent of young bone is no longer tenable. The concept does not provide an accurate description of the nature of the initial bone mineral deposited, or the changes that occur with maturation, nor can it acount for the compositional and X-ray diffraction changes that the mineral component undergoes during maturation and aging.
Franck-Condon activity of totally symmetric modes in trans- and cis-polyacetylenes

Abstract The as modes and their Franck-Condon activity in the 1Ag→1Bu electronic transition of long and short, trans and cis, normal and perdeuterated polyenes are calculated by means of the QCFF/PI method. The relevance of these calculations to the (resonance) Raman activity of the totally symmetric modes of polyacetylenes is discussed.
No unchallengeable epistemic authority, of any sort, regarding our own conscious experience – Contra Dennett?

Dennett argues that we can be mistaken about our own conscious experience. Despite this, he repeatedly asserts that we can or do have unchallengeable authority of some sort in our reports about that experience. This assertion takes three forms. First, Dennett compares our authority to the authority of an author over his fictional world. Unfortunately, that appears to involve denying that there are actual facts about experience that subjects may be truly or falsely reporting. Second, Dennett sometimes seems to say that even though we may be mistaken about what our conscious experience is, our reports about “what it’s like to be us” must be correct. That view unfortunately requires a nonstandard and unremarked distinction between facts about consciousness and facts about “what it’s like.” Third, Dennett says that reports about experience may be “incorrigible.” However, that claim stands in tension with evidence, highlighted by Dennett himself, that seems to suggest that people can be demonstrably mistaken about their own experience. Dennett needlessly muddies his case against infallibilism with these unsatisfactory compromises.
Influence function analysis applied to partial least squares

In this work we present the empirical influence functions for the covariances (eigenvalues) and directions (eigenvectors) of partial least squares under the constraint of uncorrelated components. We apply the results to several data sets and provide advice for using these tools in practice.
Complex Archean lower crustal structure revealed by COCORP crustal reflection profiling in the Wind River Range, Wyoming

Abstract A COCORP deep crustal reflection profile across the Wind River uplift crosses exposed Archean rocks and resolves an unusual complex deep crustal structure at a depth of 24–31 km in an area where depth relations in Precambrian rocks can be inferred. The different levels of exposure across the beveled plunge of the Wind River uplift reveal supracrustal rocks at shallower levels with migmatites and pyroxene granulites at deeper levels. For the first time, deep crustal structure from reflection profiling may be interpreted in terms of exposed basement geology. A folded, multilayered deep structure shown by relfection data resembles multiply folded pyroxene granulite interlayered with granitic gneiss exposed in the central Wind River uplift; isoclinal folding is suggested in the folded layered seismic structure. Earlier seismic reflection studies suggested a simpler lower crust. These data indicate that lower crustal structure may have a complexity similar to deeply eroded Precambrian granulite-facies rocks. If this seismic feature represents folded metamorphic rocks, it seems unlikely that this Archean crust could have been thickened by underplating after 2.7 b.y. B.P. and the crust would have to be at least 30 km thich when this structure was formed.
The biomechanics of pedicle screw augmentation with cement

Abstract Background context A persistent challenge in spine surgery is improving screw fixation in patients with poor bone quality. Augmenting pedicle screw fixation with cement appears to be a promising approach. Purpose The purpose of this study was to survey the literature and assess the previous biomechanical studies on pedicle screw augmentation with cement to provide in-depth discussions of the biomechanical benefits of multiple parameters in screw augmentation. Study design/Setting This is a systematic literature review. Methods A search of Medline was performed, combining search terms of pedicle screw, augmentation, vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, polymethylmethacrylate, calcium phosphate, or calcium sulfate. The retrieved articles and their references were reviewed, and articles dealing with biomechanical testing were included in this article. Results Polymethylmethacrylate is an effective material for enhancing pedicle screw fixation in both osteoporosis and revision spine surgery models. Several other calcium ceramics also appear promising, although further work is needed in material development. Although fenestrated screw delivery appears to have some benefits, it results in similar screw fixation to prefilling the cement with a solid screw. Some differences in screw biomechanics were noted with varying cement volume and curing time, and some benefits from a kyphoplasty approach over a vertebroplasty approach have been noted. Additionally, in cadaveric models, cemented-augmented screws were able to be removed, albeit at higher extraction torques, without catastrophic damage to the vertebral body. However, there is a risk of cement extravasation leading to potentially neurological or cardiovascular complications with cement use. A major limitation of these reviewed studies is that biomechanical tests were generally performed at screw implantation or after a limited cyclic loading cycle; thus, the results may not be entirely clinically applicable. This is particularly true in the case of the bioactive calcium ceramics, as these biomechanical studies would not have measured the effects of osseointegration. Conclusions Polymethylmethacrylate and various calcium ceramics appear promising for the augmentation of pedicle screw fixation biomechanically in both osteoporosis and revision spine surgery models. Further translational studies should be performed, and the results summarized in this review will need to be correlated with the clinical outcomes.
Dysregulation of hepatic iron with aging: implications for heat stress-induced oxidative liver injury

Environmental heat stress is associated with an age-related increase in hepatic oxidative damage and an exaggerated state of oxidative stress. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the regulation of hepatic iron after heat stress. A secondary aim was to determine a potential role for iron in heat stress-induced liver injury. Hyperthermia-induced alterations in hepatic iron were evaluated in young (6 mo) and old (24 mo) Fischer 344 rats by exposing them to a two-heat stress protocol. Livers were harvested at several time points after the second heating and assayed for labile and nonheme iron. In the control condition, there was no difference in labile iron between age groups. Both labile iron and storage iron were not altered by hyperthermia in young rats, but both were increased immediately after heating in old rats. To evaluate a role for iron in liver injury, hepatic iron content was manipulated in young and old rats, and then both groups were exposed to heat stress. Iron administration to young rats significantly increased hepatic iron content and ferritin but did not affect markers of lipid peroxidation under control conditions or after heat stress. In old rats, iron chelation with deferoxamine prevented the increase in nonheme iron, labile iron, ferritin, and lipid peroxidation after heat stress. These results suggest that iron may play a role in hepatic injury after hyperthermia. Thus, dysregulation of iron may contribute to the gradual decline in cellular and physiological function that occurs with aging.
Sublethal effects of D-limonene on the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis

Fleas (Ctenocephalides felis Bouche) that survived an LC 75 treatment with D-limonene had reduced fecundity. When put on hosts after exposure to D-limonene, they had higher mortality rates than control fleas and did not lay any eggs. D-limonene treated fleas also produced less feces and probably fed less while on their hosts. Resume Effet subletal du D-limonene sur Ctenocephalides felis Les puces, C. felis Bouche, qui ont survecu a 75% de la dose letale de D-limonene, ont presente une fecondite reduite, lorsqu'elles ont ete placees sur des chats. Le resultat a ete observe en placant les puces traitees et les temoins dans des cages fixees par des angles sur les chats. Chaque 24 heures, le nombre d'oeufs, la quantite d'excrements, et le nombre de puces mortes ont ete notes. Les puces traitees au D-limonene avaient une mortalite plus elevee que les temoins: au bout de 72 h, 98.3% des puces traitees etaient mortes contre 28.3% pour les temoins. Les puces traitees ont produit moins d'excrements et ont probablement consomme moins sur leurs hotes; elles n'ont pas pondu. Ces donnees suggerent que meme si toutes les puces ne sont pas tuees par le traitement, avec le D-limonene, d'un chat contamine, les survivantes ne peuvent pas se reproduire et ne doivent pas provoquer autant d'irritation, puisque leur alimentation est reduite.
Experimental Evidence for a Reduction of the Work Function of Blocking Gold Contacts with Increasing Photocurrents in CdS

It is shown that stationary cathode-adjacent high-field domains, which occur in a range of negative differential conductivity, can be used to determine quite accurately the minimum electron density close to the cathode. From this density, the work function between cathode metal and photoconductor can be obtained for finite currents if hole currents and tunneling are negligible. Although the minimum electron density close to the cathode is at least two orders of magnitude below the bulk electron concentration (blocking cathode), gain factors well in excess of 100 have been observed, thus justifying the neglect of holes in the transport equation. For slightly doped CdS, as used in these investigations, it is concluded that tunneling can also be neglected. Using the method of stationary high-field domains, it is observed that, for a CdS-gold contact, the work function decreases markedly with increasing current densities. Values of about 0.4 eV for a current density of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, measured at 200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, are obtained.
A general spectral target signature transform

This report examines a series of multispectral or hyperspectral image data cubes collected of a given scene at different times. The diagonal, whitening/dewhitening, and target CV (Covariance) transformations use collected image data of spatially overlapping regions from data sets collected at different times to evolve target spectral signatures. The previously studied registration-free transformations are described using a single general equation and form a subset of a larger family of accurate transforms. The diagonal, whitening/dewhitening, and target CV transformations are characterized by a parameter n having n=0,1, 2 respectively. The transformed target signatures, used in matched filter searches, are tested on images taken from two data collects that use different sensors, targets, and backgrounds. Transforms with n between 0 and 2 yield the largest Target to Clutter Ratio (TCR) and remain relatively constant for 0<n<2. Optimal parameters for the transformation are target dependent for both data sets. This study finds only a small reduction in target detection results from using non-overlapping but similar regions to transform target signatures in matched filter searches. For a given target and scene, the TCR computed for this family of transforms is found to be temporally stable for multiple sequences of data collects and suggests a specific, optimal transform (or n) can be ascertained by conducting preliminary scans of a given target and scene.
Effect of learning and forgetting on economic lot size scheduling problem

The paper determines the sequence of set-ups and quantity to produce in each setup if two products are to be produced on a single facility, considering the effects of learning and forgetting. The cost expression which is to be minimized, consists of three factors: set-up cost, carrying cost and the cost of idle facility. A solution procedure is developed and the analysis is extended for the n-product system.
Bone mineral density of both genders in Type 1 diabetes according to bone composition.

Abstract Aims This study is an investigation of the impact of Type 1 diabetes on bone mineral density (BMD) with regard to bone composition. Material and methods Thirty male and 30 premenopausal female patients with Type 1 diabetes (IDD) were retrospectively compared with an equal number of healthy individuals, matched on a person-to-person basis and to the reference population mean. BMD was measured at the L2–L4 vertebrae and femoral neck (FN) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results BMD absolute values were significantly lower in the diabetic than in the healthy males at vertebrae and FN ( P Z scores) were significantly lower than those of the healthy persons and the population reference mean in both genders ( P =.01, P P Conclusions Young males with Type 1 diabetes exhibit significantly lower BMD values of trabecular and mixed cortical–trabecular bone, compared with matched healthy persons. Premenopausal females with Type 1 diabetes present significantly lower BMD values of mixed bone only. Blood glucose control and diabetes duration do not appear to influence BMD behavior.
Subclavian Artery Transection Due to Blunt Trauma

An adult male patient with intrathoracic left subclavian artery transection and thrombosis secondary to blunt trauma is presented. There was a delay in diagnosis of 36 hours because initially there were few physical or radiologic signs ordinarily associated with thoracic vascular injury. Aortography was per formed because of sudden hemothorax and left supraclavicular swelling. Suc cessful repair was performed with autogenous saphenous vein. A high degree of clinical suspicion is necessary to detect subclavian transection from blunt trauma because of the location of this injury, lack of initial bleeding, and the rich collateral blood supply to the arm.
Selective molecular recognition, C-H bond activation, and catalysis in nanoscale reaction vessels

Supramolecular chemistry represents a way to mimic enzyme reactivity by using specially designed container molecules. We have shown that a chiral self-assembled M4L6 supramolecular tetrahedron can encapsulate a variety of cationic guests with varying degrees of stereoselectivity. Reactive iridium guests can be encapsulated, and the C−H bond activation of aldehydes occurs with the host cavity controlling the ability of substrates to interact with the metal center based upon size and shape. In addition, the host container can act as a catalyst by itself. By restricting reaction space and preorganizing the substrates into reactive conformations, it accelerates the sigmatropic rearrangement of enammonium cations.
On the possibility of the reemergence of a dysgenic trend with respect to intelligence in American fertility differentials: an update

This paper is simply an update of the author's previous study of this subject (Vining, Intelligence, 6, 241–264, 1982). The previous study examines a cohort of women aged 25–34 yr in 1978. This study examines the same cohort 10 years later, aged 35–44 yr in 1988. An obvious criticism of the previous study is that the women had not completed their child-bearing in 1978. In 1988, they mostly have. The same negative relationship is found between IQ and fertility as is found in Vining (1982). This negative relationship is more pronounced in non-whites than whites. The overall decline in mean IQ implied by these data is less than the one IQ point per generation that is reported in Vining (1982).
Drawing and redrawing the map of writing studies

Book reviewed in this article: Handbook of Writing Research. Charles A. MacArthur, Steve Graham, and Jill Fitzgerald (Eds.). 2006.
“Just Another Hoop to Jump Through?” Using Environmental Laws and Processes to Protect Indigenous Rights

Protection of culturally important indigenous landscapes has become an increasingly important component of environmental management processes, for both companies and individuals striving to comply with environmental regulations, and for indigenous groups seeking stronger laws to support site protection and cultural/human rights. Given that indigenous stewardship of culturally important sites, species, and practices continues to be threatened or prohibited on lands out of indigenous ownership, this paper examines whether or not indigenous people can meaningfully apply mainstream environmental management laws and processes to achieve protection of traditional sites and associated stewardship activities. While environmental laws can provide a "back door" to protect traditional sites and practices, they are not made for this purpose, and, as such, require specific amendments to become more useful for indigenous practitioners. Acknowledging thoughtful critiques of the cultural incommensurability of environmental law with indigenous environmental stewardship of sacred sites, I interrogate the ability of four specific environmental laws and processes-the Uniform Conservation Easement Act; the National Environmental Policy Act and the California Environmental Quality Act; the Pacific Stewardship Council land divestiture process; and Senate Bill 18 (CA-2004)-to protect culturally important landscapes and practices. I offer suggestions for improving these laws and processes to make them more applicable to indigenous stewardship of traditional landscapes.
Amino Acid Residues 489–503 of Dihydropyridine Receptor (DHPR) β1a Subunit Are Critical for Structural Communication between the Skeletal Muscle DHPR Complex and Type 1 Ryanodine Receptor

The β1a subunit is a cytoplasmic component of the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) complex that plays an essential role in skeletal muscle excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. Here we investigate the role of the C-terminal end of this auxiliary subunit in the functional and structural communication between the DHPR and the Ca(2+) release channel (RyR1). Progressive truncation of the β1a C terminus showed that deletion of amino acid residues Gln(489) to Trp(503) resulted in a loss of depolarization-induced Ca(2+) release, a severe reduction of L-type Ca(2+) currents, and a lack of tetrad formation as evaluated by freeze-fracture analysis. However, deletion of this domain did not affect expression/targeting or density (Qmax) of the DHPR-α1S subunit to the plasma membrane. Within this motif, triple alanine substitution of residues Leu(496), Leu(500), and Trp(503), which are thought to mediate direct β1a-RyR1 interactions, weakened EC coupling but did not replicate the truncated phenotype. Therefore, these data demonstrate that an amino acid segment encompassing sequence (489)QVQVLTSLRRNLSFW(503) of β1a contains critical determinant(s) for the physical link of DHPR and RyR1, further confirming a direct correspondence between DHPR positioning and DHPR/RyR functional interactions. In addition, our data strongly suggest that the motif Leu(496)-Leu(500)-Trp(503) within the β1a C-terminal tail plays a nonessential role in the bidirectional DHPR/RyR1 signaling that supports skeletal-type EC coupling.
Regulation of transcription factors by neuronal activity

Synaptic activity regulates the expression of a set of neuronal gene products that are important for neuronal survival and differentiation, synaptogenesis and, ultimately, complex behaviour. Activity-dependent signalling pathways induce neuronal gene transcription by modulating the function of both transcriptional activators and repressors, and recent studies have revealed significant diversity in the mechanisms that control the activity of these transcriptional regulators. Investigators have begun to elucidate the distinct functions of individual activity-regulated transcription factors, and to explore how these factors cooperate to provide stimulus specificity in the initiation of neuronal transcriptional programmes.
Surface Emission Vertical Cavity Transistor Laser

We demonstrate the first surface emission vertical cavity transistor laser (VCTL) operation with an InGaP heterojunction bipolar transistor incorporating the InGaAs quantum-wells in the base and vertical distributed Bragg reflectors. The transistor collector I-V characteristics show gain (β = ΔIc/ΔIB) compression, β decreasing from 0.52 to 0.47, due to the base recombination shifting from spontaneous to stimulated with increasing base current (IB >; ITH). The surface emission VCTL threshold current is ITH ~ 3 mA for a cavity of 9×6 μm2 lateral dimensions. The laser spectra at IB = 10 mA exhibit two peaks at 975.12 and 975.22 nm with linewidth Δλ ~ 0.7 A.
Edge directed image interpolation with Bamberger pyramids

Image interpolation is a standard feature in digital image editing software, digital camera systems, and printers. Classical methods for resizing produce blurred images with unacceptable quality. Bamberger Pyramids and filter banks have been successfully used for texture and image analysis. They provide excellent multiresolution and directional selectivity. In this paper we present an edge-directed image interpolation algorithm which takes advantage of the simultaneous spatial-directional edge localization at the subband level. The proposed algorithm outperform classical schemes like bilinear and bicubic schemes from the visual and numerical point of views.
Leakage around various types of retention pins.

T h e marginal sealing of retention pins is important to the health of the dental pulp, because pins are used in conjunction with various types of restorative materials all of which show some degree of marginal ]eakage.l-~ This leakage may extend to the pinholes, which are'drilled deep intodentin, and become the source of pulpal irritation. Therefore, the sealing ability of reteution pins merits thorough investigation.
Selective growth of InAs quantum dots by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

We report results of both strain-driven surface segregation of indium from InGaAs thin films as well as selective area epitaxy of InAs quantum dots using these films. InAs segregation from an underlying InGaAs film allows for preferential growth of quantum dots when additional InAs is deposited. By using standard lithography techniques, a two-step selective growth process for quantum dots is achieved. Furthermore, by utilizing self-assembled nanostructures as a template, selective growth of coalesced wires and dots with 100-nm feature sizes are realized.
A theoretical melting model for a reciprocating‐screw injection molding machine

A theoretical model for the transient melting behavior in a reciprocating-screw injection molding machine is proposed. The model is based on a steady state extrusion model, Neumann's melting problem, and a heuristic postulate for the transient behavior. The model predictions are compared to experimental melting data for low density polyethylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers and polyvinyl chloride for a variety of operating conditions and two screw designs. A useful degree of correlation is demonstrated for all experimental cases.
Energy management strategy for a parallel hybrid electric truck

Due to the complex nature of hybrid electric vehicles, control strategies based on engineering intuition frequently fail to achieve satisfactory overall system efficiency. This paper presents a procedure for improving the energy management strategy for a parallel hybrid electric truck on the basis of dynamic optimization over a given drive cycle. Dynamic programming techniques are utilized to determine the optimal control actions for a hybrid powertrain in order to minimize fuel consumption. By carefully analyzing the resulting optimal policy, new rules can be ascertained to improve the basic control strategy. The resulting new control strategy is shown to achieve better fuel economy through simulations on a detailed vehicle model.
A New Lower Bound on the Number of Odd Values of the Ordinary Partition Function

The parity of p(n), the ordinary partition function, has been studied for at least a century, yet it still remains something of a mystery. Although much work has been done, the known lower bounds for the number of even and odd values of p(n) for n ≤ N still appear to have a great deal of room for improvement. In this paper, we use classical methods to give a new lower bound for the number of odd values of p(n).
Pathways from bullying perpetration, victimization, and bully victimization to suicidality among school-aged youth: a review of the potential mediators and a call for further investigation

In the wake of several highly publicized adolescent suicides attributed to bullying victimization, national attention has been brought to bear on the profound public health problem of bullying. This article reviews the extant literature on the associations between bullying perpetration, victimization, and thoughts of or attempts at suicide and proposes five potential mediators, namely depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, loneliness, and hopelessness, that may explain this relationship. Numerous studies have found empirical support for the interrelations between internalizing behaviors and both bullying perpetration and victimization and suicide. We find that further longitudinal research needs to be conducted to more conclusively determine the role and causal ordering these various psychosocial factors may play in bullying perpetration, victimization, and suicide. Although the research literature implies causal directions among all these potential mediators, untangling the unique influence of bullying perpetration, victimization, and bully victimization on suicide and its mechanisms of action has major research and practice implications.
STRONG FORM EFFICIENCY OF THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET AND BANK POSITIONS

This paper explores the strong form efficiency of the pound sterling-U.S. dollar market by analyzing the ability of U.S. commercial banks to formulate superior expectations vis-a-vis the market in two ways. First, Stein's theory is employed to distinguish between shifts and disturbances in the exchange market equilibrium. Second, the swap transaction framework extracts U.S. commercial banks' expectations from their observed behavior. Results obtained from both approaches suggest that the observed group has better than random forecasting accuracy.
Slits Are Chemorepellents Endogenous to Hypothalamus and Steer Thalamocortical Axons into Ventral Telencephalon

Thalamocortical axons (TCAs) originate in dorsal thalamus, extend ventrally along the lateral thalamic surface, and as they approach hypothalamus make a lateral turn into ventral telencephalon. In vitro studies show that hypothalamus releases a chemorepellent for TCAs, and analyses of knockout mice indicate that Slit chemorepellents and their receptor Robo2 influence TCA pathfinding. We show that Slit chemorepellents are the hypothalamic chemorepellent and act through Robos to steer TCAs into ventral telencephalon. During TCA pathfinding, Slit1 and Slit2 are expressed in hypothalamus and ventral thalamus and Robo1 and Robo2 are expressed in dorsal thalamus. In collagen gel cocultures of dorsal thalamus and Slit2-expressing cells, axon number and length are decreased on the explant side facing Slit2-expressing cells, overall axon outgrowth is diminished, and axons turn away from the Slit2-expressing cells. Thus, Slit2 is an inhibitor and chemorepellent for dorsal thalamic axons. Collagen gel cocultures of dorsal thalamus with sections of live diencephalon, with and without the hypothalamus portion overlaid with Robo2-fc-expressing cells to block Slit function, identify Slits as the hypothalamic chemorepellent. Thus, Slits are chemorepellents for TCAs endogenous to hypothalamus and steer TCAs from diencephalon into ventral telencephalon, a critical pathfinding event defective in Slit and Robo2 mutant mice.
RF circuit design aspects of spiral inductors on silicon

The design and optimization of spiral inductors on silicon substrates, the related layout issues in integrated circuits, and the effect of the inductor-Q an the performance of radio-frequency (RF) building blocks are discussed. Integrated spiral inductors with inductances of 0.5-100 nH and Q's up to 40 are shown to be feasible in very-large-scale-integration silicon technology. Circuit design aspects, such as a minimum inductor area, the cross talk between inductors, and the effect of a substrate contact on the inductor characteristics are addressed. Important RF building blocks, such as a bandpass filter, low-noise amplifier, and voltage-controlled oscillator are shown to benefit substantially from an improved inductor-Q.
Playing the telephone game: determining the hierarchical structure of perspective and speech expressions

News articles report on facts, events, and opinions with the intent of conveying the truth. However, the facts, events, and opinions appearing in the text are often known only secondor third-hand, and as any child who has played "telephone" knows, this relaying of facts often garbles the original message. Properly understanding the information filtering structures that govern the interpretation of these facts, then, is critical to appropriately analyzing them. In this work, we present a learning approach that correctly determines the hierarchical structure of information filtering expressions 78.30% of the time.
Faculty Views of Open Web Resource Use by College Students

This article assesses both the extent of students' use of open Web resources and library subscription databases and professors' satisfaction with that use as reported by a survey of 120 community college and university English faculty. It was concluded that although library budgets allocate significant funds to offer subscription databases, students often use Web resources that most faculty find acceptable at best, and often suspect.
Simultaneous stabilization and decoupling of constrained robotic systems with minimal inputs

Simultaneous stabilization and disturbance decoupling of constrained robotic systems with minimal inputs are addressed. The robotic system must be decoupled into disjoint manifolds of motion and constraint, and the small motion of the system in the respective tangential hyperplanes must be stable. The problem arises in rolling and gliding types of probing manipulation. Necessary conditions for block decoupling with minimum inputs require that the image of the input matrix have a nonnull component along the null space of a matrix function of the constraint equations. Necessary conditions for simultaneous stabilization and decoupling with minimal inputs are established. An example of a planar four-link biped robot and a method to avoid constraint surface penetration are presented. >
Neural Network Simulation of Somatosensory Representational Plasticity

The brain represents the skin surface as a topographic map in the somatosensory cortex. This map has been shown experimentally to be modifiable in a use-dependent fashion throughout life. We present a neural network simulation of the competitive dynamics underlying this cortical plasticity by detailed analysis of receptive field properties of model neurons during simulations of skin coactivation, cortical lesion, digit amputation and nerve section.
Those Crazy Lichen 2004 ITAA Excellence in Draping Award

Beginning with a blank canvas of white silk organza, the author's design goals were to transform this fabric through dyeing and surface embellishment into a variety of textile designs to be used in crazy quilting. Crazy quilting techniques and surface design methods were researched. Connections to nature are expressed through the use of natural dyes. The resulting garment is a strapless dress draped on the bias featuring a front cowl drape, crazy quilting on the bodice, and two layers of organza over an underskirt with a crazy quilted lower band.
Interpreting Surveys with Models

I discuss the interpretation of data from near-infrared surveys using the SKY model, focusing on those aspects of the counts from which one can most rapidly elicit valuable information about Galactic structure. For subtle issues, such as the ratio of halo:disc and the sun’s displacement from the Galactic plane, one must know the pixel size and actual area surveyed in a region to better than 1%. I present an absolute calibration of the DENIS passbands, from which it is possible to deduce that any magnitude offsets between standard K and the DENIS K’ passband are less than about 0.03m for the types of source so far characterized. I show first results from the newest version of the SKY model.
Volume effects on the glass transition dynamics

The role of jamming (steric constraints) and its relationship to the available volume is addressed by examining the effect that certain modifications of a glass-former have on the ratio of its isochoric and isobaric activation enthalpies. This ratio reflects the relative contribution of volume (density) and temperature (thermal energy) to the temperature-dependence of the relaxation times of liquids and polymers. We find that an increase in the available volume confers a stronger volume-dependence to the relaxation dynamics, a result at odds with free volume interpretations of the glass transition.
Students as Clients

Each September, millions of children across the country return to their classrooms ready to begin another year of public schooling. The majority of these children will be successful in learning the material presented to them, will earn passing marks from their teacher, and will be promoted to the next grade level. For a certain proportion of children, however (approximately 11% nationwide; Reschly, 1988), the year at school will be a markedly different experience. Some of these children will lack the skills needed to tackle grade-level material, and as a result will struggle with even routine classroom assignments. Others will be unaccustomed to waiting patiently for the teacher’s attention or working quietly in their seat, and as a result will engage in behavior that disrupts others.
The Small Intestinal Mucosa in Dermatitis Herpetiformis: I. Severity and distribution of the small intestinal lesion and associated malabsorption

Proximal intestinal mucosal abnormalities are almost invariably found in dermatitis herpetiformis if a sufficient number of biopsies are taken. Fifteen patients (group 1) had "flat" lesions near the duodenojejunal junction indistinguishable from those seen in celiac sprue. Six patients (group 2) had lesions in this same area ranging in severity from almost normal to completely flat. Only 1 patient had normal intestinal biopsies (group 3). Sampling of the full length of the small intestine in 5 patients in group 1 showed the lesions to have a similar distribution to that seen in untreated celiac sprue, i.e., improvement toward normal as one proceeded from proximal to distal small bowel. Multiple biopsies of the proximal small bowel in 5 patients in group 2 demonstrated the patchy proximal mucosal involvement seen in some patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Clinical and laboratory evidence of significant malabsorption was absent in most of the patients and this is best explained by the limited length of small intestine involved in this skin disorder.
25 years of FIE Proceedings: a look through the bookshelf

Summary form only given. The Frontiers in Education (FIE) conference was launched in 1971. As engineering educators, we participate in a process. The notion of a destination is antithetical to what we see as continuous improvement in all phases of our life, including education. The issues of 1971 are similar to the issues of 1995. Issues considered then were educational technology, continuing education and lifelong learning, resources, learning theories, motivation, rewards and students. These issues remain, and we have added quality issues, design and the Internet. Though the issues are relatively constant, the problems are not. A problem then was the availability and proper use of the overhead projector; now it is presentation software. A problem then was the transition from the slide rule to the calculator for individual calculations, now it is the personal computer. A problem then was to be sure that each student learned as an individual, now it is to develop a learning environment where teamwork and quality are major concerns. A problem then was design, and while we have made much progress, we still have work to do. A problem then was evaluation teaching effectiveness of faculty-it still is, but we are starting to make some progress. This conference has has provided an international forum for the exchange of ideas and accomplishments. The ideas have been publicly shared, criticized evaluated extended and improved. Awards have been presented that recognized major contributions of our colleagues, and have emphasized the importance of quality in engineering education for the future of our society.
Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy: The Importance of Hemodynamics.

Cardiac transplantation remains the most durable therapy for patients with American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association stage D advanced heart failure who have exhausted other options, and it is the therapy associated with the best long-term outcomes. One of the major causes
Wikification and Beyond: The Challenges of Entity and Concept Grounding

Contextual disambiguation and grounding of concepts and entities in natural language are essential to progress in many natural language understanding tasks and fundamental to many applications. Wikification aims at automatically identifying concept mentions in text and linking them to referents in a knowledge base (KB) (e.g., Wikipedia). Consider the sentence, "The Times report on Blumenthal (D) has the potential to fundamentally reshape the contest in the Nutmeg State.". A Wikifier should identify the key entities and concepts and map them to an encyclopedic resource (e.g., “D” refers to Democratic Party, and “the Nutmeg State” refers to Connecticut. Wikification benefits end-users and Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems. Readers can better comprehend Wikified documents as information about related topics is readily accessible. For systems, a Wikified document elucidates concepts and entities by grounding them in an encyclopedic resource or an ontology. Wikification output has improved NLP down-stream tasks, including coreference resolution, user interest discovery , recommendation and search. This task has received increased attention in recent years from the NLP and Data Mining communities, partly fostered by the U.S. NIST Text Analysis Conference Knowledge Base Population (KBP) track, and several versions of it has been studied. These include Wikifying all concept mentions in a single text document; Wikifying a cluster of co-referential named entity mentions that appear across documents (Entity Linking), and Wikifying a whole document to a single concept. Other works relate this task to coreference resolution within and across documents and in the context of multiple text genres. 2 Content Overview