cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of Classroom Teachers toward their Visually Handicapped Students

Thirty-three suburban elementary classroom teachers were surveyed to determine their attitudes toward their mainstreamed visually handicapped students. Teachers were asked about their knowledge of ...
Generation of Traveling Waves in a 2D Plate for Future Drag Reduction Manipulation

In most systems, friction drag is an obstacle to be hurdled and is a large source of energy inefficiency in airplanes, ships, pipes, etc. By reducing the amount of friction drag between a fluid and a surface, large energy savings are possible. This study investigates the generation of traveling surface waves propagating in the spanwise direction (perpendicular to flow) that can later be applied to decrease the friction drag in turbulent flow. A thin plate with C-F-C-F boundary conditions is excited by two piezoelectric actuators at the same frequency but with a phase difference between them. The operational deflection shapes are captured at five different frequencies where one to four regions of traveling waves exist in the plate at each frequency, with some moving in opposing directions. The traveling waves have standing waves superimposed, where the form of the standing waves are determined by the participation of nearby modes. This work provides initial assessment on the generation of traveling waves in 2D structures that can potentially be used for drag reduction in the future.
EEG-Based Measures versus Panel Ratings: Predicting Social Media-Based Behavioral Response to Super Bowl Ads

Existing research suggests that when assessing consumer responses to advertising, neuroscience and physiological measurements offer more objectivity than traditional self-report measures and, hence, may be more predictive of audience response. The current authors' research explored consumer behavioral responses to Super Bowl ads on YouTube by comparing the predictive value of the self-report USA Today Ad Meter ratings with electroencephalogram (EEG)-based neuroengagement scores. This study assessed differences in subsequent online ad views, social engagement, and overall ad sentiment. The authors argue that implicit measures may be particularly useful in examining online social engagement and information transmission of paid brand content.
Hyperspectral Image Unmixing via Alternating Projected Subgradients

We consider the problem of factorizing a hyperspectral image into the product of two nonnegative matrices, which represent nonnegative bases for image spectra and mixing coefficients, respectively. This spectral unmixing problem is a nonconvex optimization problem, which is very difficult to solve exactly. We present a simple heuristic for approximately solving this problem based on the idea of alternating projected subgradient descent. Finally, we present the results of applying this method on the 1990 AVIRIS image of Cuprite, Nevada and show that our results are in agreement with similar studies on the same data.
A Successful Reboot: Reimagining an Online Information Literacy Tutorial for a First-Year Experience Program

This chapter describes how librarians redesigned the web-based Library Information Literacy Tutorial (LILT) for a first-year experience program into a series of dynamic and engaging videos that reach students with various learning preferences. LILT emphasizes important information literacy learning outcomes that previous students have struggled to comprehend. Embedding this library research module of video links, transcripts, and quizzes into the university’s learning management system, Desire2Learn (D2L), allows for valuable assessment opportunities—students get immediate feedback, quiz scores are automatically loaded into instructors’ gradebooks, and librarians can access data that inform the face-to-face, one-shot library research sessions. In a pilot program comparing student achievement for those assigned the new video modules with those who completed the traditional web-based LILT, there was a significant improvement in student quiz scores. In addition, feedback from students and course instructors was overwhelmingly positive, and the information literacy video modules are now standard in the course.
The relationship between total ischemic time and mortality in patients with STEMI: every second counts.

We read with great interest the recently published article in the October 2016 issue of JACC Cardiovasc Interv by Rashid et al . (1). Briefly, it was a retrospective, single center study that analyzed ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with symptom onset <12 hours. Patients with primary percutaneous intervention (PCI) were compared with those who received fibrinolytic therapy prior to arrival at the hospital due to non-availability of primary PCI. The authors concluded that the pharmaco-invasive strategy was associated with similar rates of the composite endpoint of mortality, reinfarction, or stroke as compared with a primary PCI strategy. There was propensity for increased bleeding in the pharmaco-invasive group, with a significant fraction (approximately 1 in every 21 patients) having major bleeding, including intracranial bleeding.
On Polynomials with Vanishing Hessians and Some Density Problems

We propose a conjecture regarding homogeneous polynomials with vanishing Hessian and indicate some evidence for its validity. The conjecture is related to a question of Allan Pinkus and Bronislaw Wajnryb regarding density of certain classes of polynomials.
Brownian motion and stochastic calculus

In this chapter, we review some basic concepts for stochastic processes and stochastic calculus as well as numerical integration methods in random space for obtaining statistics of stochastic processes.
Future Trends in High Pressure — High Temperature Synthesis of Superconducting Materials

Over the past ten years, more than 150 studies have been published in the field of high pressure synthesis spanning an even wider range of materials. In this paper we have chosen to restrict our discussion to those high pressure-high temperature (HP-HT) synthesis efforts which are specifically addressed to superconducting materials. In an effort to suggest future trends, we have reviewed published work in this area over the past decade. Recent efforts to synthesize new superconductors at NRL are also summarized. Some of the shortcomings of current synthesis efforts are delineated, followed by suggestions to improve future work in this field.
New index priority rules for no-wait flow shops

Abstract We derive an index priority rule for an m-machine no-wait flow shop with the minimum makespan objective and specially-structured job processing times. Our rule generalizes the previously known rules for two special cases of the problem. We also derive an index priority rule for a two-machine no-wait flow shop with the minimum weighted total job completion time objective when all jobs have the same processing time on the first machine. We then show that additional index priority rules can be derived for the latter problem with other scheduling objectives. Finally, we discuss extensions to flow shops with blocking and no-wait job shops and open shops.
Sugars and Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease is the single largest cause of mortality worldwide. Whether or not consumption of sucrose, high fructose corn syrup, or fructose contributes to risk factors for cardiovascular disease remains in dispute. Epidemiologic studies related to sugars and cardiovascular disease do not establish cause and effect. Recent randomized controlled trials related to sugar consumption and cardiovascular disease have suggested that consumption of these sugars at normal population consumption levels does not increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The American Heart Association and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans offer different guidelines for upper limits of consumption of added sugars.
Anatomy and Physiology of the Abdominal Wall: Surgical Implications

This chapter reviews the anatomy and physiology of the abdominal wall and how these characteristics contribute and respond to difficulties experienced. The container function of the abdominal wall is indispensible. Without the integrity of the abdominal wall, viscera protrude along with whatever coatings of peritoneum, subcutaneous tissue, and skin remain. This protrusion through the otherwise containing influence of the abdominal wall is a hernia. If the coatings fail, the abdominal contents under the influence of even normal intra-abdominal pressure will rush from the body as an evisceration. The anterior abdominal wall is strong but easily distended, which is explained by the structure. The collagen stretches, as does the muscle. The abdominal wall can be stretched quite thin without losing its integrity, as in ascites. The distensibility is remarkable in that even an excess of gas in a compressible viscera such as the colon or obstructed small bowel will stretch the abdominal wall to fabulous dimensions without threatening structural integrity. Detailed knowledge of the native anatomy, physiology, physics, and biology of the abdominal wall should permit a coherent approach to the choice of closing materials and their application technique. The surgeon should strive to replicate as closely as possible normal abdominal wall anatomy.
Classical Antiquity: Language Study

The formal study of language in the West originates in ancient Greece during the classical period. Philosophers like Plato and Aristotle identify and classify sounds, forms, and meanings. Stoics incorporate syntax into their epistemology while Alexandrian philologists combine the study of language and literature, canonize the parts of speech, and excel at taxonomy. In Rome, Varro discovers Latin declensions and conjugations, which along with the partes orationis become the privileged centerpieces of all subsequent Latin grammar. Late antiquity produces comprehensive artes grammaticae that feature phonology, morphology, the vices and virtues of speech, and, in the case of Priscian, syntax.
Different Perceptions of the Elderly Women's Clothing Image Traits

The aim of this study was to find out if the elderly and young women have different perceptions of current elderly clothing fashion and their clothing image traits. For experiment, a total of thirteen images of elderly women's clothing were selected from fashion blogs entities of the elderly women's clothing, considering complexity of design elements. A total of 100 females participated in a survey evaluating the elderly women's clothing design, and they were divided into two age groups: ages 21~35 and ages 65~72. The participants evaluated the image traits of each elderly's clothing design using Likert in five scales, and their responses were analyzed with t-test. In findings, elderly and young women had different perceptions of the elderly women's clothing. The young women displayed higher scores of the trendy image trait for fitted outfits while elderly group categorized as dynamic images with a bright color as trendy.
The universal church of Melville’s Redburn

Herman Melville’s 1849 novel, Redburn: His First Voyage is too philosophically curious, too innately pessimistic, and too frankly strange to conform to the travel or coming-of-age genres with which...
Differential cell proliferation and cell death during the urethral groove formation in guinea pig model.

Urethral groove (UG) formation is an important step in penile formation. Because commonly used animal models do not have UG, the mechanisms of UG formation have never been discovered. We aim to discover the cellular mechanism of the UG formation using guinea pig model. Histology was used to study the ontogeny of UG. BrdU immunofluorescence was used to label proliferating cells, cell death was determined using LysoTracker Red and TUNEL staining, and stereology was used for quantification. To reveal Shh mRNA expression patterns, in situ hybridization was performed in guinea pig genital tubercles (GTs) and ShhGFPcre-LacZ-reporter mice were used for comparison. Cell proliferation in the outer layers and programmed cell death in the inner layers of urethral epithelium played key roles during urethral canal movement from dorsal to ventral aspect and final opening to form UG. Shh mRNA expression domain shifted out to the ventral surface of GT from proximal throughout to distal in guinea pigs, but was excluded from the ventral surface epithelium in midshaft and distal of mouse GT. Differential cell proliferation and cell death in developing urethral epithelium lead to UG formation and Shh expression in ventral surface epithelium of GT may play an important role.
Methods of Life Course Research

Researchers who employ the life course paradigm to investigate various phenomena can use both positivistic methodologies, which are grounded in the assumption of causal relations, as well as humanistic approaches capable of helping enrich their understanding of various phenomena (Giele and Elder 1998a; Shanahan et al. 2016). Several techniques of data analysis, both quantitative and qualitative, can be used to investigate consumption-related issues within the life course paradigm (for a review of life course methods, see Giele and Elder 1998a; Mortimer and Shanahan 2003; Shanahan et al. 2016). This chapter presents research designs appropriate for life course research and explains the main methods of analysis. It gives illustrations of recently emerged quantitative methods, with special emphasis on event history analysis, and several qualitative or humanistic (interpretive) methods. Also, this chapter provides information on limitations and potential applications of analytic methods that are yet to be widely used in life course studies. Additional illustrations of applications of life course methods are shown in later chapters.
Hare don't care! Consumption of a rare, desert milkweed containing phytochemicals by the black-tailed jackrabbit

Abstract We recorded video providing the first conclusive evidence that the black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) consumes Mojave milkweed (Asclepias nyctaginifolia) containing phytochemicals in the Ivanpah Valley, Mojave Desert, California, USA. We discuss possible chemical and biological interactions between the black-tailed jackrabbit and Mojave milkweed. We explore potential ecological effects of black-tailed jackrabbit herbivory on Mojave milkweed, including competition with the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and its close relative the queen butterfly (Danaus gilippus), and how these ecological interactions may be affected by anthropogenic land-use and land-cover change in arid environments of the western United States.
A Response to Professor Knight

Written as part of the 2009 Duke Law Journal Conference on Measuring Judges and Justice, this short essay is an invited response to Professor Jack Knight’s article, Are Empiricists Asking the Right Questions About Judicial Decisionmaking?, Duke Law Journal, Vol. 58, p. 1531, 2009. Professor Knight’s article, in addition to being written in clear and graceful English, is a reason for great hope that the astronomical distance between empirical work and the concerns of normative legal analysts is diminishing rapidly. Professor Knight is proposing in part that social scientists turn their formidable tools on opinion writing not to exorcise once more the formalist bogeyman but to deepen our understanding of what opinions do and how they do it... and, ultimately, how we evaluate judges. This essay argues that empirical work along the lines that Professor Knight proposes will prove to be of great interest not only to other empiricists but also to judges, practicing lawyers, and scholars who write normatively about the courts. Indeed, the future of social science research into the activity of judging bears exciting promise, not only for those engaged in it, but for others as well. For that hope, and for an extraordinarily clear introduction to the issues, we are greatly indebted to Professor Knight.
Continuous Adaptive Runtime Integration Testbed for Complex and Autonomous Systems

The integration of complex, distributed systems typically takes thousands of man-hours and years of detailed design and testing. Despite all this effort, the effectiveness of classical system integration becomes a major issue when one adds the runtime adaptive behavior that is increasingly vital for dynamic, autonomous systems influenced by their surroundings. Self-integrating systems proposed in recent research strive to autonomously integrate new components, reducing design and testing costs. However, these systems are challenging to validate, especially at scale. This paper describes CHARIOT, Continuous High-level Adaptive Runtime IntegratiOn Testbed, which allows for different approaches and systems to be dynamically deployed, assessed and compared on a shared common platform. CHARIOT uses self-flying drones and self-driving cars to validate autonomous signal integration. This paper will discuss our early work in designing the CHARIOT architecture and integration protocol.
Liver Disease, Pregnancy and

Abstract Pregnancy is an altered physiologic state associated with many hemodynamic and metabolic adaptations to support the placenta and fetus. Although most pregnant women remain healthy, pathophysiologic changes can occur, including five unique liver diseases seen only in the pregnant or postpartum patient. These pregnancy-associated liver diseases have characteristic clinical features and timing of onset in relation to pregnancy. Hyperemesis gravidarum is intractable nausea and vomiting in the first trimester; intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, a disease of pruritus and abnormal liver tests, occurs in the second half of pregnancy; and preeclampsia and its complications of HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver tests, and low platelets) syndrome and acute fatty liver of pregnancy are third-trimester diseases.
Regulation of Proto-Oncogene Expression During T Lymphocyte Activation and Proliferation

The proliferation of T lymphocytes is regulated in part through their membrane receptors for antigen and for T cell growth factor (interleukin 2, IL-2). Stimulation of resting T cells by specific antigen or by mitogenic cells (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A) in the presence of accessory cells bearing surface antigens encoded by genes in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus induces T cells to express receptors for IL-2 and (some but not all T cells) to secrete this growth factor. The interaction of IL-2 with its cellular receptor on antigen- or lectin-activated T cells subsequently results in expression of transferrin receptors. Binding of serum transferrin to its receptor in late G1 phase of the cell cycle is then required for T cells to undergo the G1 → S phase transition, thereby initiating DNA synthesis and resulting ultimately in cell division. Other growth factors, including insulin and insulin-like growth factors, do not appear necessary, at least for short-term growth of T cells (reviewed in 1–3).
Comparing global passive microwave freeze/thaw records: Investigating differences between Ka- and L-band products

Abstract The NASA L-Band Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite mission launched in 2015 has produced soil moisture and freeze thaw (FT) products at a global scale. While the use of L-band (1.41 GHz) passive microwave radiometry (P-MW) has proven useful in detecting changes in the surface FT state, these classifications have not been comprehensively assessed against similar existing FT products, such as the global FT record from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I, Ka-band, 37.0 GHz) as part of the FT Earth System Data Record (FT-ESDR). In order to fill in this gap, this study investigates regions in which FT classifications diverge and identifies potential sources of classification variability. The SMAP and SSM/I FT records are compared over an extended period covering multiple seasonal cycles from April 2015 through December 2017. The spatially and temporally varying relationship between these products is examined in relation to climate (Koppen-Geiger climate classes and air temperature), MODIS (MoDerate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) land cover, and topography (using Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data). SMAP and SSM/I FT product agreement proportion (Ap) was corrected for seasonality and then separated by land cover classes and compared to the global Ap mean. The agreement between these products vary most notably during freeze and thaw onset and in areas near abundant surface water, snow and ice, and wetlands. Relative to other vegetation types, reduced agreement between FT products is also observed over grasslands, sparsely vegetated lands, as well as mixed and evergreen forests. Distinct seasonal differences in FT classification agreement were also detected between products over cold arid regions and between continental and temperate classes. Similarly, as topographic complexity increases, a decreasing trend in agreement between L- and Ka-band FT products is observed. While reiterating challenges in FT classifications identified by prior studies, this work also contributes new insights by providing detailed geospatial and seasonal analyses into the factors contributing to FT product divergence.
Association of the Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate With vs Without a Coefficient for Race With Time to Eligibility for Kidney Transplant.

Importance Kidney transplant is associated with improved survival and quality of life among patients with kidney failure; however, significant racial disparities have been noted in transplant access. Common equations that estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) include adjustment for Black race; however, how inclusion of the race coefficient in common eGFR equations corresponds with measured GFR and whether it is associated with delayed eligibility for kidney transplant listing are unknown. Objective To compare eGFR with measured GFR and evaluate the association between eGFR calculated with vs without a coefficient for race and time to eligibility for kidney transplant. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective cohort study used data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort, a multicenter cohort study of participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Self-identified Black participants from that study were enrolled between April 2003 and September 2008, with follow-up through December 2018. Statistical analyses were completed on November 11, 2020. Exposure Estimated GFR, measured annually and estimated using the creatinine-based Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology (CKD-EPI) equation with and without a race coefficient. Main Outcomes and Measures Iothalamate GFR (iGFR) measured in a subset of participants (n = 311) and time to achievement of an eGFR less than 20 mL/min/1.73 m2, an established threshold for kidney transplant referral and listing. Results Among 1658 self-identified Black participants, mean (SD) age was 58 (11) years, 848 (51%) were female, and mean (SD) eGFR was 44 (15) mL/min/1.73 m2. The CKD-EPI eGFR with the race coefficient overestimated iGFR by a mean of 3.1 mL/min/1.73 m2(95% CI, 2.2-3.9 mL/min/1.73 m2;P Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, inclusion of the race coefficient in the estimation of GFR was associated with greater bias in GFR estimation and with delayed achievement of a clinical threshold for kidney transplant referral and eligibility. These findings suggest that nephrologists and transplant programs should be cautious when using current estimating equations to determine kidney transplant eligibility.
Costs of meeting a cellulosic biofuel mandate with perennial energy crops: Implications for policy☆

Abstract We develop an analytical framework to examine the extent to which farmers' risk and time preferences, availability of credit to cover establishment cost, and subsidized crop insurance for conventional crops influence the decision to allocate land to a perennial energy crop and affect the costs of meeting a biofuel mandate using this crop as feedstock and its implications for the effectiveness of two alternative policies to supplement the mandate: an establishment cost subsidy and subsidized energy crop insurance. We examine the design of these policies to minimize the total (public and private) costs for meeting a one-billion-gallon biofuel mandate by using miscanthus as feedstock. We find that a high degree of risk aversion, high discount rate, credit constraint, and availability of crop insurance for conventional crops can increase the cost of producing enough biomass for a one-billion-gallon biofuel mandate by up to 43% and increase the land required by 16% as compared to otherwise; removal of subsidized crop insurance and credit constraints could lower these costs by 50%. We find that in most cases the cost-effective energy crop insurance subsidy rate is 0% whereas the cost-effective establishment cost subsidy rate is 100%. Relative to the case with no policy intervention for energy crops, energy crop insurance can reduce the total costs (net of government expenditures on subsidies) of meeting the 1 billion gallon mandate by 1.3% whereas establishment cost subsidy can reduce these costs by 34%.
A Deadly Misdiagnosis: A Case Of A Rare Tick-Borne Illness Associated With Reversible Splenial Lesion Syndrome

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) was last reported in 2006 in Michigan, however given the increased morbidity and mortality rate associated with a late diagnosis, it is an important diagnostic consideration. A 10-year-old female presented with 4 day history of fever, headache and rash to the Emergency Room after visiting Northern Michigan. On presentation, the patient was febrile to 39.3 C, tachycardic to 116 beats/min, and normotensive. Physical examination revealed morbilliform rash around neck, back, and trunk. Upon admission to the floor, the patient had a transient 5-minute episode of hallucination. She was alert, …
Advanced Artifact Removal for Automated TMS-EEG Data Processing

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) is a key tool towards non-invasively characterizing causal circuits in humans. However, the recorded data is highly noisy due to a variety of stimulation-induced artifacts and other noise sources. While many TMS-EEG processing pipelines require manual intervention, the pipeline described here is fully automated. As part of this pipeline, we introduce several novel approaches specifically designed to mitigate TMS-induced artifacts to produce cleaner and more reliable TMS-evoked EEG responses.
Book review "Errors and Intelligence in Computer-Assisted Language Learning: Parsers and Pedagogues"

Heift, T. & Schulze, M. (2007) Errors and Intelligence in Computer-Assisted Language Learning: Parsers and Pedagogues Series: Routledge Studies in Computer-Assisted Language Learning New York: Routledge ISBN: 978-0-415-36191-0 (304 pages)
A Self-defense Network against Terrorism and Crime: Evidence from Peru

According to prevailing evidence, self-enforcing agreements do not scale up. In self-governing societies, small groups are able to provide order and security when the group is small; but when group...
Present Status and Future Developments of the Biomedical Applications of the Laser

It is well at this time to consider where we are, and then where we plan to go with biomedical research. It is obvious that the laser still has a dramatic appeal for the public even though, as yet, it has not fulfilled many of the early reckless dreams of fiction writers. It is obvious now also that lasers, especially those with the high exit energy and high power output, are very expensive. Moreover, laser instrumentation has still not reached the desired state of maturity for which the early investigators prayed. So, biomedical research has not kept pace with the other fields of laser research.
Some Further Experiments in The Perception of Resonant Consonants

A series of forty-eight stimulus patterns were painted and converted to sound by the pattern playback. Variations were made in F2 transition frequencies, in the frequency of F1 resonances, and in the presence or absence of resonances in the F2 and F3 regions. The test was administered for identification as /m, n, n, ŋ, or 1/. Subjects were only partially naive in some cases.Results indicate that the principal discrimination cues are definitely the F2 transition onset frequency and the frequency of the F1 resonance portion. F2 and F3 resonances apparently operate as powerful cues only in the presence of maximally ambiguous F2 information.
An Examination of Some Central Debates on Sex Trafficking in Research and Public Policy in the United States

This article provides an introduction to some central debates in research and public policy on sex trafficking in the United States, with particular attention to how these debates play out among feminists and concluding with recommendations for guiding principles on future directions for public policy and research.
Should Logic SER be Solved at the Circuit Level

SER is one of the problems associated with continued scaling. Traditionally, logic SER is solved at the system/architecture level (e.g., DMR, TMR, checkpointing/recovery). There has also been some work at the process level (e.g., SOI), but recently, there is also some research work on circuit level (e.g., cell hardening, BISER), but there has not been a wide spread adoption yet. Can logic SER be solved at the circuit level? Should they be? We have a team of experts from system, architecture and circuit area to debate this topic.
Self-Powered Near-Infrared Photodetector Based on Asymmetrical Schottky Interdigital Contacts

A self-powered metal–semiconductor Schottky diode with planar interdigital Au–Ti electrodes was fabricated and characterized for the detection of near-infrared light. The devices showed a significant increase in external quantum efficiency (EQE) and photoresponse at zero bias as electrode spacing reduces. A device with an electrode spacing of $5~\mu \text{m}$ exhibits EQE of 1% equivalent to responsivity of 6.45 mA/W at a wavelength of 800 nm and 0 V bias. Furthermore, the photocurrent to dark current ratio was $5\times 10^{4}$ with a detectivity of $1.4\times 10^{11}$ cm.Hz $^{0.5}$ /W at 0 V bias. The recovery time constant was calculated from time-resolved photocurrent curve and found to be 0.19 s. The built-in electric field of the device was estimated to be on the order of 35 V/cm.
Amiodarone therapy of intractable atrial flutter in a premature hydropic neonate.

We report the case of a premature hydropic neonate with intractable atrial flutter, unresponsive to therapy in utero, who ultimately responded to therapy with multiple antiarrhythmic agents, including amiodarone and transvenous overdrive pacing.
Stereochemistry of the lipoxygenase-catalyzed allylic hydroperoxide→oxiranylcarbinol rearrangements

Abstract The anaerobic rearrangement of 15-( S )-HPETE ( 1 ) which is effected by the enzyme soybean lipoxygenase - type I leads stereospecifically to the hydroxy epoxide 2 by a cis addition of two oxygens to the 13,14-double bond.
Reading Motivational Differences among Groups: Reading Disability (RD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), RD + ADHD, and Typical Comparison.

Abstract This study assessed the reading motivation of 133 students at individual grade levels (2nd–5th), who were divided in subgroups with and without reading disabilities/difficulties (RD) and with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Major findings were that students in the RD subgroup had lower reading motivation (intrinsic, extrinsic, and self-efficacy) and read less for enjoyment than the nondisability (ND) group; students in the combined group (ADHD + RD) showed these motivational deficits in earlier grade levels. However, students with ADHD did not differ from the ND group in reading motivation, and children with RD (with and without ADHD) were equivalent to ND in social motivation up to the 5th grade. Implications of these findings were (a) social reading is an instructional pathway for both groups of students with RD, (b) assessments of reading motivation, in addition to reading skill, may be important in assessing responses to intervention, and (c) motivational interventions should be implemented early before motivational responses become a motivational style.
Corticosteroids in Solid Organ Transplantation: Update and Review of the Literature:

Corticosteroids have been a constant in immunosuppressive regimens since the beginning of solid organ transplantation. Although the use of corticosteroids allowed the advancement of transplantation in the early years, this came at the price of numerous adverse events for patients. As the survival of transplanted organs has risen over the past several years, increasing attention has been focused on the management of long-term complications. Many of these long-term complications are directly related to the toxicities of immunosuppressiveagents. Due to these toxicities, we have seen a resurgence in immunosuppressive protocols that utilize regimens designed to minimize these long-term complications. This has been accomplished by avoiding, reducing or withdrawing one or more medications from the multi-drug regimens. Corticosteroids, with their plethora of side affects, have been of major interest to the transplant community in terms of minimizing side affects by limiting exposure.
Inhibition of sulfotransferase in primary cultures of human hepatocytes affecting metabolism and binding of 2-acetylaminofluorene.

Abstract The metabolism and DNA binding of acetylaminofluorene (AAF) was investigated in human hepatocytes that were isolated from donor liver tissue by collagenase perfusion. Hepatocytes were treated with 0.01 μM pentachlorophenol (PCP), as a sulfotransferase inhibitor, to investigate the role of sulfotransferase in human bioactivation of aromatic amines. Concentrations of PCP greater than 0.1 μM resulted in cytotoxicity as noted by detachment of cells and atypical morphology. The metabolites of AAF were identified by HPLC as aminofluorene, 7-OH-AAF, 9-OH-AAF, 5-OH-AAF, N-OH-AAF, 1-OH-AAF and 3-OH-AAF. No consistent alteration in the metabolites produced occurred with PCP treatment compared to controls. PCP treatment increased total DNA binding of AAF metabolites compared with controls, suggesting that sulfotransferase does not activate AAF in human hepatocytes. Inhibition of sulfotransferase in human hepatocytes does not decrease DNA binding of AAF metabolites as noted previously with rat hepatocytes. Therefore, PCP may inhibit a detoxication pathway. This study supports N,O-acyltransferase as the critical enzyme for the formation of the major reactive metabolite in human liver.
Metabolic Analysis of Escherichia coli in the Presence and Absence of the Carboxylating Enzymes Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase and Pyruvate Carboxylase

Fermentation patterns of Escherichia coli with and without the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC) and pyruvate carboxylase (PYC) enzymes were compared under anaerobic conditions with glucose as a carbon source. Time profiles of glucose and fermentation product concentrations were determined and used to calculate metabolic fluxes through central carbon pathways during exponential cell growth. The presence of the Rhizobium etli pyc gene in E. coli (JCL1242/pTrc99A-pyc) restored the succinate producing ability of E. coli ppc null mutants (JCL1242), with PYC competing favorably with both pyruvate formate lyase and lactate dehydrogenase. Succinate formation was slightly greater by JCL1242/pTrc99A-pyc than by cells which overproduced PPC (JCL1242/pPC201, ppc+), even though PPC activity in cell extracts of JCL1242/pPC201 (ppc+) was 40-fold greater than PYC activity in extracts of JCL1242/pTrc99a-pyc. Flux calculations indicate that during anaerobic metabolism the pyc+ strain had a 34% greater specific glucose consumption rate, a 37% greater specific rate of ATP formation, and a 6% greater specific growth rate compared to the ppc+ strain. In light of the important position of pyruvate at the juncture of NADH-generating pathways and NADH-dissimilating branches, the results show that when PPC or PYC is expressed, the metabolic network adapts by altering the flux to lactate and the molar ratio of ethanol to acetate formation.
The role of surgical cytoreduction in Stage IV endometrial carcinoma

Abstract Objective. To evaluate the impact of surgical cytoreduction in patients (pts) with Stage IV endometrial adenocarcinoma. Methods. We performed a retrospective chart review of all pts with Stage IV endometrial carcinoma treated at our institution from January, 1977, to February, 1995. Results. Fifty-five patients who underwent surgery as part of their primary treatment for Stage IV endometrial carcinoma were identified. They were divided into three groups: Group I consisted of 24 pts (44%) who underwent optimal surgical cytoreduction (diameter of largest residual tumor nodule ≤2 cm); Group II contained 21 pts (38%) who underwent suboptimal surgical cytoreduction (>2 cm residual disease); Group III consisted of 10 pts (18%) who had unresectable carcinomatosis and had no cytoreduction at all. There were no statistically significant differences between the three groups with respect to median age at diagnosis, tumor grade, histologic subtype, or the presence of extra-abdominal metastases. The median survival rates for the three groups were I, 31 months; II, 12 months; and III, 3 months ( P 2 cm and were subsequently cytoreduced to optimal status. On multivariate analysis only the extent of surgical cytoreduction had prognostic significance on survival. Conclusion. The prognosis of Stage IV endometrial carcinoma is poor. However, the data in this series suggest that aggressive tumor cytoreduction may improve survival in these patients.
Elimination of nocturnal headbanging in a normal seven-year-old girl using overcorrection plus rewards

Abstract An overcorrection procedure and rewards were implemented to eliminate nocturnal headbanging in a normal 7-yr-old girl. The treatment procedure involved immediate detection of headbanging by an alarm activated by a movement-sensitive switch attached to the child's bed headboard. The overcorrection procedure consisted of practicing intensively the correct form of the relevant behavior (positive practice) and applying a lotion to the irritated area of the scalp (restitution). Rewards were also made contingent upon the absence of headbanging. These procedures resulted in an immediate reduction and eventual total elimination of headbanging. Three-and-six-month follow-up assessments showed that headbanging no longer occurred.
Techniques to measure coronary blood flow in man.

Abstract This paper presents a review of current techniques to measure coronary blood flow in man. Emphasis is placed on methods utilizing diffusable gases, diffusable substances, continuous thermodilution and ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are enumerated, and the general purpose of measuring coronary blood flow in man is discussed.
Identity: a complex structure for researching students’ academic behavior in science and mathematics

This article is a response to Pike and Dunne’s research. The focus of their analysis is on reflections of studying science post-16. Pike and Dunne draw attention to under enrollments in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, in particular, in the field of physics, chemistry and biology in the United Kingdom. We provide an analysis of how the authors conceptualize the problem of scientific career choices, the theoretical framework through which they study the problem, and the methodology they use to collect and analyze data. In addition, we examine the perspective they provide in light of new developments in the field of students’ attitudes towards science and mathematics. More precisely, we draw attention to and explicate the authors’ use of identity from the perspective of emerging theories that explore the relationships between the learner and culture in the context of science and mathematics.
Kinetics of the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with nitric acid

An extensive study was made of the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with nitric acid in a laser photolysis-resonance fluorescence system. A 266 nm laser was used to photolyze HNO3 in the temperature range 225-415 K at pressures of 20-300 torr. A temperature dependence was detected below room temperature, with a leveling off at 298 K and a wide spread in the rate constants. A pressure dependence was observed over the entire range and was more pronounced at lower temperatures. The results are noted to be in agreement with those of previous investigations. However, the wide range of rate constants are suggested to be a problem for stratospheric HO(x) modeling for anthropogenic effects. No explanation could be given of the varying results obtained by other investigators regarding the kinetics of the reactions.
Configuration-space technique for calculating stent-fitness measures for the planning of neuro-endovascular interventions

This paper demonstrates a new technique to compute stent-fitness measures for a vascular anatomy, using geometric information. This technique will aid the interventionalist in treatment planning for Neuro-endovascular interventions. Patient-specific vessel-surface reconstruction is performed from point/contour data without user intervention. The technique developed is based on configuration-space algorithms, which are widely used in robot motion planning. A fitness measure is computed for stents with various parameters for a patient-specific vessel data. Finally, a simulation is performed to check for collisions. This feature will provide an additional tool to the interventionalist for the planning of neuro-endovascular interventions, with the dimensions of the stent based on proximal and distal neck of the aneurysm for a patient-specific vascular anatomy.
Regulating mitochondrial outer membrane proteins by ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation

Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins have been found to be ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. This process shares at least one component of the ERAD pathway of ER membrane protein degradation, the AAA ATPase cdc48/p97/VCP, thought to extract integral membrane proteins from the lipid bilayer and chaperone them to the proteasome. Proteasomal degradation of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) protein Mcl1 regulates apoptosis whereas Parkin-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of Mitofusins can inhibit mitochondrial fusion and promote mitophagy. The breadth of OMM ubiquitin/proteasome substrates and the physiological relevance of their turnover are only beginning to be understood.
Could Relational Maintenance in Marriage Really Be Like Grocery Shopping? A Reply to Stafford and Canary

Two things stand out in Stafford and Canary's (2006) article published in this journal entitled “Equity and Interdependence As Predictors of Relational Maintenance Strategies.” One is an adherence ...
Effects of inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis on growth and organization of meristematic centers in Petunia protoplast cultures

Abstract We examined the effects of inhibitors of the polyamine biosynthetic enzymes arginine decarboxylase (ADC), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and spermidine synthase (Spd synthase) on growth and organogenesis in cultures derived from mesophyll protoplasts of Petunia hybrida Vilm cv. Fire Chief. Both processes were dramatically inhibited when protoplasts were cultured in a mixture of dl -α-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA) and dl -ga-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), specific inhibitors of ADC and ODC respectively, and cyclohexylamine sulfate (CHA) an inhibitor of Spd synthase. The inhibition was partially reversed by addition of micromolar amounts of both putrescine and spermidine. Treatment with DFMA markedly inhibited organization of meristematic centers and reduced levels of free and bound putrescine, while treatment with CHA was less effective. In contrast, treatment with DFMO promoted growth and organization with concomitant increases in bound putrescine and spermidine. The results suggest that putrescine synthesized via ADC is involved in growth and organogenesis.
Fatty acid composition of chicks fed full-fat soybeans.

Abstract Male broiler chicks were fed a diet made with full-fat soybeans (FFSB) or a diet isonitrogenous and isocaloric made with soybean meal and beef tallow (SMBT) for four weeks. Body weight was significantly reduced (P
3-D Inversion of Induced Polarization Data In Wavelet Domain

We develop an algorithm of constrained inversion of IP data for recovering 3D chargeability in the wavelet domain. The inversion is regularized directly by using a scale dependent objective function, while positivity is achieved through conditions imposed on the multiresolution representation of the chargeability so that nearly positive solutions are obtained. Accomplishing the inversion entirely in the wavelet domain leads to an algorithm more efficient than those in the space domain. We illustrate the algorithm using a synthetic 3-D data set here and will also demonstrate its practical application to large field data sets.
High-Pressure Structural Phase Transitions in Na, Mg, and Al

First-principles total-energy calculations by two independent methods predict new transition-metal-like sequences of stable crystal structures in the third-period simple metals Na, Mg, and Al, under increasing pressure. These structural phase transitions are controlled by $d$ electrons through the lowering and partial filling of the initially empty $3d$ band as the metals are compressed. A number of these transitions occur in the megabar range and below and could be investigated by existing experimental techniques.
The Memory Enhancing Effects of Cholecystokinin Octapeptide Are Dependent on an Intact Stria Terminalis

Cholecystokinin is a gastrointestinal peptide which is released from the duodenum during eating. Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) has been found to improve retention when administered intraperitoneally in intact mice but not in vagotomized mice. This suggested that CCK-8 improves retention by stimulating vagal afferents to the nucleus of the solitary tract in the brainstem. In this study, we tested whether nerve fibers in the stria terminalis which project from the NTS to the amygdala need to be intact for CCK-8 to enhance retention. Three groups of mice were used: nonoperated, bilateral cortical control lesioned, and bilateral stria terminalis lesioned. The lesions were performed 1 week prior to footshock avoidance training in a T-maze. Saline, CCK-8 (0.5 microgram/kg, ip), epinephrine (100 micrograms/kg, sc), or arecoline (1.5 mg/kg, sc) were administered immediately after training. Retention was tested 1 week later. Neither bilateral stria terminalis lesions nor cortical control lesions significantly altered acquisition of the task compared to the nonoperated group. Whether the groups received a saline injection after training or received no injection did not affect retention test performance. CCK-8 and epinephrine enhanced retention in the mice with cortical lesions but not in mice with stria terminalis lesions. Arecoline enhanced retention in both groups. Possible pathways and neurotransmitters mediating the effect are discussed.
Fetal echocardiography: can early imaging identify fetuses at risk of congenital heart disease?

Fetal echocardiography: can early imaging identify fetuses at risk of congenital heart disease?
Quantum properties of a spatially-broadband traveling-wave phase-sensitive optical parametric amplifier

We present the quantum theory of a spatially-multimode traveling-wave phase-sensitive optical parametric amplifier (OPA) pumped by a beam with arbitrary spatial profile. By using Green's functions of the classical OPA, we derive the normally-ordered quadrature correlators at the OPA output, which provide complete quantum description of the phase-sensitive OPA and enable determination of its independently-squeezed eigenmodes. Two analytically treatable examples of plane-wave pump and infinite spatial bandwidth of the crystal are discussed in detail.