cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Debugging of distributed object systems

Most of the previous work in distributed debugging is based on a model of processes exchanging messages. However, not all systems use explicit message passing. With RPC emerging as the principal paradigm of distributed computing (e.g. OSF's DCE, OMG's CORBA), this process/message view is at a lower level than the application perspective and hence not appropriate for debugging an RPC-based system. The key approach of this thesis is to view an RPC-based distributed system as a shared object system, consisting of a collection of "logical threads" that span machine (address space) boundaries, performing actions on a set of objects that happen to be distributed. In other words, we take a view in which address spaces (possibly residing on different nodes) serve as containers of shared objects, and remote procedure calls enable switches between address spaces, allowing a thread to manipulate a new set of objects after every switch. By using this shared-object model as a basis for distributed computing, we have developed techniques by which a distributed debugger can offer facilities for controlled execution, present meaningful, causally-related global states and provide interactive breakpoint/watchpoint capabilities to the developer of a distributed program. Specifically, we have developed clock maintenance algorithms for ordering events in a shared object system and a replay algorithm that is more fundamental than other known replay schemes. The debugging technology proposed by this research has been implemented on two different platforms: the Clouds distributed operating system, and the KSR-1 multiprocessor.
Two-dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Thin Films Grown in Flow.

Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are crystalline polymer networks whose modular 2D structures and permanent porosity motivate efforts to integrate them into sensing, energy storage, and optoelectronic devices. These applications require forming the material as a thin film instead of a microcrystalline powder, which has been achieved previously by including a substrate in the reaction mixture. This approach suffers from two key drawbacks: COF precipitates form concurrently and contaminate the film, and variable monomer and oligomer concentrations during the polymerization provide poor control over film thickness. Here we address these challenges by growing 2D COF thin films under continuous flow conditions. Initially homogeneous monomer solutions polymerize while pumped through heated tubing for a given residence time, after which they pass over a substrate. When the residence time and conditions are chosen judiciously, 2D COF powders form downstream of the substrate, and the chemical ...
Plasmonic Nanoantenna Array with Single-Chip Integrated Metal-Organic Framework for Infrared Absorption Gas Sensing

Plasmonics devices are usually not suitable for gas spectroscopy due to the limited enhancement length for absorption. Here, we demonstrate a plasmonic nanopatch array coated with metal-organic framework (MOF) for surface enhanced infrared absorption to detect carbon dioxide. The highest enhancement factor we achieved is over 1100 times.
Economic complexity: From useless to keystone

Technological innovation seems to be dominated by chance. But a new mathematical analysis suggests we might be able to anticipate when seemingly useless technologies become keystones of more complex environments.
Terrestrial planets under the young Sun

Are we alone in the Universe? Is life unique to Earth or a common phenomenon? These fundamental questions represent major puzzles of contemporary science, and were inspiration for a NASA conference on the prebiotic conditions of the early Solar System.
An NMDAR positive and negative allosteric modulator series share a binding site and are interconverted by methyl groups.

The neurons in the brain form networks that can change in response to experience, causing new connections to form between certain neurons and breaking the connections between others. This remodeling process underlies learning and memory. However, in certain neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia and epilepsy, these networks are disrupted and no longer work correctly. A receptor protein called the NMDA receptor plays an important role in reshaping the networks of neurons. Chemicals called neurotransmitters that are released by one neuron bind to and activate NMDA receptors on a neighbouring neuron to communicate with it. This activation encourages new connections to form between neurons. Drugs that alter the activity of the NMDA receptor could potentially act as treatments for neurological conditions that disrupt how the networks of neurons work. However, few have been approved for use in patients because most of the potential drug compounds investigated so far produce severe side effects. Perszyk et al. have now identified a new group of compounds that can potentially alter the activity of NMDA receptors without fully blocking the response, potentially eliminating the unwanted side effects. The compounds were tested on frog egg cells and human embryonic kidney cells that had been engineered to produce NMDA receptors. Small changes to the chemical structure of these compounds could switch their effect from increasing to decreasing the activity of the receptor. The compounds only interact with active receptors that have a neurotransmitter bound to them, and compete with each other to bind to the receptors. Perszyk et al. also found that some compounds behaved differently depending on how active the NMDA receptor was. These compounds could potentially be used to sense the activity in a network of neurons, which opens up new options for treating neurological conditions that affect the networks. Further experiments are now required to see how these compounds affect the activity of NMDA receptors in neurons and living animals. The range of effects produced by the compounds studied by Perszyk et al. suggests that other related compounds may have different effects on receptor activity. Future work could investigate the properties of these compounds to see if they could treat a different set of neurological disorders.
Low-cost approaches to increasing gym attendance.

Abstract We investigate the effect of two low-cost experimental interventions designed to increase physical exercise: a lottery based financial incentive and a social norming treatment. The lottery intervention provides a financial incentive to increase physical activity whereas the social norming intervention attempts to increase physical activity by providing feedback to individuals on their own and their peers’ physical exercise activity. We find the larger of our two lottery treatments yields a positive and statistically significant effect on physical activity at modest cost, whereas our social norming treatment has no detectable effect.
Serum Vitamin B12 Levels in Subacute Combined Degeneration (P5.324)

Objective: To report a rare case of subacute combined degeneration from functional Vitamin B12 deficiency despite elevated serum B12 level Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency is a known cause of subacute combined degeneration (SCD). Cases of functional B12 deficiency with normal B12 level have been reported. However, we report an unusual case of significantly elevated B12 level but functional deficiency causing SCD in a patient with no prior intake of B12. Design/Methods: A 68-year-old female was admitted for a 6-months history of progressively worsening lower extremities weakness, gait imbalance, frequent falls, and cognitive decline. Her examination was significant for impairment of position and vibration senses in all extremities, arms worse than legs, limb ataxia most prominent on the left side and truncal ataxia. Motor strength and cognition were relatively spared. Serum work up showed mild macrocytic anemia (Hb 11.3, MCV 100.3). B12 level was elevated at 1065 with normal zinc, copper, vitamin E & B6 levels. CSF showed 0 RBCs, 3 WBCs, 87 proteins. Serum and CSF work up were negative for other metabolic, viral, paraneoplastic and autoimmune etiologies. There was no history of nitrous oxide exposure. Whole body scans including CT head were unremarkable. MRI spine showed classic T2/STIR hyperintensity in dorsal column from craniocervical to C5–6, with inverted V sign on the axial sequence. Results: B12 deficiency related SCD was reconsidered, and Methylmalonic acid(MMA) level was found elevated at 656. B12 injections were started with some improvement of her symptoms on follow up. Conclusions: We report a case of SCD secondary to functional B12 deficiency despite elevated Vitamin B12 level with no reported prior B12 intake or medical conditions impacting B12 absorption or metabolism. With typical neurological presentations & imaging findings, SCD secondary to functional B12 deficiency should be considered & MMA level should be checked, even if B12 level is elevated. Study Supported by: N/A Disclosure: Dr. Fan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zawar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pioro has nothing to disclose.
Tri-axial evaluation of the vibration transmitted to the operators of crawler compact loaders

Abstract Vibrations transmitted to the operators of earth moving machines may be severe under certain working and/or operating conditions. This is even worse when crawler machines are considered due to the hard contact between the track belt and the ground which is not dampened in any way by the air present in the tires as it happens in wheeled machines. This paper reports a study conducted on different machines in their standard configuration under different operating conditions: two fixed travelling velocities (low and high) on two defined surfaces (a path in asphalt and an artificial normalized track), with and without the presence of a ballast in the bucket and with the same operator driving all the machines. The accelerations were measured either on the seat cushion and on the cab floor in order to detect the amount of vibration transmitted between these two points. The analysis was primarily focused at the assessment of the acceleration values measured on the cab floor to detect whether they are balanced among the different vector components (x, y and z) and whether they show significant differences among the different machines and operating conditions, in terms of surface, velocity and presence of the ballast. Then, a comparison between the acceleration measured on the floor and those measured on the seat was performed in order to evaluate the seat damping characteristics and to detect the amount of vibration that is transmitted to the operator. Finally, the evaluation of the whole body vibration exposure levels was performed to assess the grade of comfort reasonably perceived by the operator. Relevance to industry - This paper highlights the importance to review the standard configurations currently used on this kind of machines (cab and seat suspensions): they turn out to be absolutely ineffective to assure the operators of safe and comfortable working conditions. Compact loader manufacturers should consider the vibration problem at the machine design stage and choose cab suspension systems and seats able to reduce accelerations along the three different axes. Similarly, seat manufacturers should pay attention in reducing rolling and pitching effects using specific seat suspensions effective also along the horizontal and lateral directions. Unfortunately standards currently in force do not require to control horizontal and lateral vibrations. Consequently, the address of this issue at ISO level in order to update the current legislation could be a strong stimulus for seat and machine manufacturers and a progress towards the operator comfort.
The Tara control, monitoring, data acquisition and analysis system

Experiments at the MIT Tara Tandem Mirror utilize an integrated system for control, monitoring, data acquisition, physics analysis, and archiving. This system consists of two distinct parts with narrowly defined information interchange; one to provide automated control and real time monitoring of engineering functions and one to acquire, analyze, and display data for physics in near real time. Typical machine operation achieves a total cycle time of 3 to 8 minutes with 5 to 7 Mbytes of data stored and with ~160 individual signals displayed in hardcopy on ~10 pages.
Deformation and Stability Analyses of a Pile Supported T-Wall with Deep Mixed Shear Panels in Plaquemines Parish, Louisianna

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers recently completed reconstruction of flood protection walls adjacent to the Gainard Woods Pump Station. Shear panels were installed on the protected side of the pile-supported T-wall to improve the stability of the system. The walls were created using the deep-mixing method (DMM) by overlapping wet-mixed, triple-axis columns. Numerical analyses were completed to evaluate the performance of the T-wall under design loads and to calculate the factor of safety for the system. Numerical methods were selected for the analyses for their ability to capture the complex soil-structure interaction and to account for potential racking of the DMM columns due to slipping along vertical joints between adjacent triple-axis installations in the shear panels. Numerical analyses were completed for a range of joint strength values to evaluate the sensitivity of the results to this factor. The results show that, for the conditions used to represent this project, the potential for slippage along vertical joints in the DMM shear panels does not reduce the factor of safety of the system.
Plasticity of Somatosensory Function during Learning, Disease and Injury

The field of sensorimotor plasticity has burgeoned in the last two decades. This chapter focuses on the capacity of the somatosensory system to reorganize following significant changes in input activity. It presents a broad overview of what is currently known about the responses of the relevant central pathways to peripheral nerve and central injury, disease states, and training or the learning of a sensorimotor task. Though much important work has been accomplished in rodent models, this chapter places an emphasis on human and nonhuman primate studies, where the bridge between basic science and clinical application is most easily demonstrated. Neuronal plasticity is explored from a physiological, behavioral, and structural perspective, and some of the overarching mechanisms responsible are addressed.
FRET-based assay using a three-way junction DNA substrate to identify inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus pUL89 endonuclease activity.

Abstract Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) packages its viral genome using a multi-protein complex often called the terminase complex. The terminase complex promotes the packaging of a single copy of the double-stranded viral DNA genome by cleaving concatemeric genomic DNA during particle assembly. The endonuclease activity necessary to cleave the viral genomic DNA derives from a terminase complex protein, pUL89. The genome cleavage step is necessary for infectious particle assembly and is therefore an interesting target for antiviral intervention. We and others have previously described agarose gel- and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based procedures to detect pUL89 endonuclease activity; however, these approaches were labor intensive and low-throughput. To develop a screening platform for compound libraries, we constructed a fluorescently-labeled three-way junction DNA that continuously reported pUL89 endonuclease activity and was suitable for high-throughput screening. In a pilot screen of 1280 compounds, we identified trans-(±)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid and (2′Z, 3′E)-6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime as hits with low micromolar half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. The latter hit also inhibited HCMV at a late step in virus replication with a 1 μM half maximal effective concentration (EC50). We describe here the development and validation of a sensitive fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay for high throughput screening that identified inhibitors of pUL89 endonuclease activity and virus replication.
Kinesthesia: An extended critical overview and a beginning phenomenology of learning

This paper takes five different perspectives on kinesthesia, beginning with its evolution across animate life and its biological distinction from, and relationship to proprioception. It proceeds to document the historical derivation of “the muscle sense,” showing in the process how analytic philosophers bypass the import of kinesthesia by way of “enaction,” for example, and by redefinitions of “tactical deception.” The article then gives prominence to a further occlusion of kinesthesia and its subduction by proprioception, these practices being those of well-known phenomenologists, practices that exemplify an adultist perspective supported in large part by the writings of Merleau-Ponty. Following this extended critical review, the article shows how Husserl’s phenomenology enlightens us about kinesthesia and in doing so offers us substantive clues to the phenomenology of learning as it takes place in the development and acquisition of skillful movement. It shows further how phenomenological methodology contrasts markedly with existential analysis, most significantly in its recognition of, and its ability to set forth a developmental history, a veritable genetic phenomenology that is basically a phenomenology of learning anchored in kinesthesia. After showing how that phenomenology of learning finds mutual validation in a classic empirical study of infant movement, the article ends by highlighting how human “I cans” are grounded in “I move,” specifically, in the pan-human ability to learn one’s body and learn to move oneself.
Analog implementation of a Hodgkin–Huxley model neuron

We construct an electronic circuit for mimicking a single neuron's behavior in connection with the dynamics of the Hodgkin–Huxley mathematical model. Our results show that the electronic neuron, even though it contains binary-state circuitry components, displays a timing interplay between the ion channels, which is consistent with the corresponding timing encountered in the model equations. This is at the core of the mechanism determining not only the creation of action potentials but also the neuronal firing rate output. This work is suitable for educational purposes in physics, mathematical modeling, electronics, and neurophysiology and can be extended for implementation in networked neurons for more advanced studies of neuronal behaviors.
A Novel 60-cm Nonsherical 3-D Printed Voxelized Lens Antenna: Design, Fabrication and Measurement

In this paper, we present a novel 60cm 3D printed, shaped, engineered material, inhomogeneous dielectric lens antenna. Common commercial 3D printers do not have a print bed large enough to directly print the 60cm diameter lens, and thus the lens must be printed in parts and fused together afterward. The presented design was printed in octants and fused together through printed alignment points to obtain the final fabricated product. To the authors knowledge, this lens is the largest 3D printed lens to date. The lens is designed using a novel synthesis tool based on a Geometrical Optics and Particle Swarm Optimization combination. The design is then voxelized for 3D printing fabrication. A unique cylindrical cell geometry is used to allow printing via Fused Deposition Modeling method and thus in a space qualified material. The lens is 3D printed and measured for pattern performance. The measured results agree well with simulations.
The effect of grid aspect ratio on convergence

Vector stability theory and computational experiments are used to examine the effects of high aspect ratio grids on algorithm convergence. Emphasis is placed on identifying the degree of convergence deterioration that ADI schemes experience as grid aspect ratio increases and on deriving methods for circumventing this problem. Approximately factored implicit schemes are found to experience convergence deterioration because of nonoptimum local time stepping procedures and the increased need for viscous preconditioning. An enhanced algorithm is devised on the basis of improved selection of the local time step, appropriate definition of viscous preconditioning matrix, and proper implementation of boundary conditions. The novel algorithm provides uniformly efficient convergence at all aspect ratios for both Euler and Navier-Stokes computations for a variety of test problems.
Identification and Utilization of Pre-Search Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Type Receptor (KIR) B(x) Unrelated Donors Improves the Selection of KIR Favorable Donors, the Transplant Coordinator Perspective

Background KIR B(x) haplotype donors have been reported to improve outcomes in patients (pts) receiving unrelated donors (URD) for myeloid malignancies, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and multiple myeloma (MM). Donors are categorized as KIR “Best” or “Better”. Our center performs donor KIR genotyping and haplotype assignment routinely as part of our URD evaluation for pts undergoing transplantation for myeloid disorders, NHL and MM. When presented with multiple equivalently HLA matched URDs, our physicians will prioritize KIR B(X) donors over KIR A/A donors. Weisdorf et. al. (BBMT 2018) suggested that pre-search donor KIR genotyping would accelerate/optimize donor selection. Since 2015, donor KIR genotyping data for > 3 million donors from the DKMS registry is available. We investigated our ability to enhance KIR-favorable donor selections using the DKMS pre-search KIR. Methods In 2018 we requested access to individual KIR donor typing through the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) Scientific Services for donors registered by DKMS Germany, DKMS Poland and obtained access to the DKMS Donor Navigator website. Pts with multiple suitable donors were sorted for KIR, if registered by DKMS. Up to 6 donors per patient were selected from the pre-search KIR B(x) donors who ranked KIR “Best”, “Better” and “Neutral”. For pts whose pre-search screen did not identify an adequate number of KIR B(x) informative donors we selected additional donors (KIR unknown) for confirmatory typing. Results Thirty-five pts had informative KIR B(x) pre-search donors identified. There were 1-27 KIR B(x) available donors per pt. The online KIR B Content Calculator ranked these donors as KIR “Best”, “Better”, or “Neutral”. Donors were selected by the physicians, who were unaware of the pre-search ranking. As of Oct 2019, 23 pts were transplanted, 4 are pending. Of these 27 donors selected, 18 were identified in the pre-search group. Six donors (33%) were ranked KIR B “Best”, 10 (55%) “Better”, and 2 (11%) “Neutral”. Nine pts used donors without a pre-search. Five pts did not proceed to an URD transplant, and 3 pts have ongoing searches. Using the pre-search information, 66% of pts received a KIR B(x) donor and we were able to enrich KIR B(x) “Best” and “Better” donor options. Based on registry data, approximately 11%, 20% and 69% of donors randomly selected from a donor registry will be ranked KIR “Best”, “Better” and “Neutral “respectively. For our pt population, we were able to more than double the selection of KIR “Best” and “Better” donors for transplantation. Conclusion The inclusion of KIR donor genotyping on donor registries enriches the number of preferred KIR B (x) donors available and allows a more efficient selection of KIR “Best” and “Better” donors.
Surgical Approaches: Transcortical-Transventricular Removal of Craniopharyngioma

Craniopharyngiomas have remained a clinical challenge for neurosurgeons for over a century. Surgical approaches have evolved to allow access to any point along the craniopharyngeal duct where these tumors arise while limiting surgical morbidity and mortality. Tumors within the third ventricle are rare, but pose particular surgical challenges. The transcortical-transventricular or transcallosal-transventricular approaches provide technically challenging but effective ways to reach these tumors while attempting to preserve the floor of the third ventricle and pituitary function. In this chapter, the authors present their decision-making process, describe these surgical approaches, and discuss techniques to minimize surgical morbidity and mortality.
Understanding Racial Disparities in Gastrointestinal Cancer Outcomes: Lack of Surgery Contributes to Lower Survival in African American Patients.

Background: Race/ethnicity-related differences in rates of cancer surgery and cancer mortality have been observed for gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. This study aims to estimate the extent to which differences in receipt of surgery explain racial/ethnic disparities in cancer survival. Methods: The National Cancer Database was used to obtain data for patients diagnosed with stage I–III mid-esophageal, distal esophagus/gastric cardia (DEGC), noncardia gastric, pancreatic, and colorectal cancer in years 2004–2015. Mediation analysis was used to identify variables influencing the relationship between race/ethnicity and mortality, including surgery. Results: A total of 600,063 patients were included in the study: 3.5% mid-esophageal, 12.4% DEGC, 4.9% noncardia gastric, 17.0% pancreatic, 40.1% colon, and 22.0% rectal cancers. The operative rates for Black patients were low relative to White patients, with absolute differences of 21.0%, 19.9%, 2.3%, 8.3%, 1.6%, and 7.7%. Adjustment for age, stage, and comorbidities revealed even lower odds of receiving surgery for Black patients compared with White patients. The observed HRs for Black patients compared with White patients ranged from 1.01 to 1.42. Mediation analysis showed that receipt of surgery and socioeconomic factors had greatest influence on the survival disparity. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that Black patients appear to be undertreated compared with White patients for GI cancers. The disproportionately low operative rates contribute to the known survival disparity between Black and White patients. Impact: Interventions to reduce barriers to surgery for Black patients should be promoted to reduce disparities in GI cancer outcomes. See related commentary by Hebert, p. 438
Revenue Sharing and Subscription Platforms for Digital Content Distribution

We analyze distribution decisions by content creators for digital information goods like books and music. There are two creators (low and high quality) that sell content through the same platform, and may choose whether to distribute their content a la carte, via a subscription service, or both. Each creator may set the price of her a la carte offerings, while the platform keeps a percentage of revenue from each sale. The platform determines the subscription service fee and what fraction of revenue to distribute to content creators, who are paid proportional to the revenue share chosen by the platform and the percentage of total “use” that they generate on the subscription service (e.g., their fraction of total pages read in a month). We show the platform cannot induce only the high quality creator to list on the subscription service; thus, subscription offerings are always weakly lower in quality than a la carte offerings. Moreover, we find that in many cases, to maximize profit, the platform should either induce only the low quality creator to sell via subscription, or it should shut down a la carte sales altogether; inducing high quality on the subscription service is excessively costly, a result which may help to explain the relative low quality of product offerings on these services in practice. We also show that this effect can be mitigated — and inducing high quality on the subscription service can be optimal for the platform — in the presence of a large “subscription only” consumer segment.
When knowledge is not power: Asymmetric information, probabilistic deceit detection and threats in ultimatum bargaining

Abstract We find that probabilistic deceit detection and cheap-talk threats enhance the fairness and honesty of a bargainer who possesses advantageous information and has the opportunity to be deceitful. In our ultimatum game, only proposers know the size of the pie. Proposers, therefore, have the option to understate the pie size and make their offer appear fairer than it really is. The separate and interactive effects of probabilistic deceit detection and cheap-talk threats have implications for how exchange can be facilitated by mechanisms that detect deceit and/or enable buyer communication in markets where sellers have informational advantages.
Limiting protease production plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the divergent clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus LAC and UAMS-1

Using the USA300, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain LAC, we previously examined the impact of regulatory mutations implicated in biofilm formation on protease production and virule...
Mobility Assessment of Pedestrian and Bicycle Treatments at Complex Continuous Flow Intersections

AbstractThis study evaluated the mobility performance of pedestrian-bicycle crossing alternatives at continuous flow intersections (CFIs). CFI crossing types were compared with a standard intersect...
Home Visit Based Mindfulness Intervention for Vietnamese American Dementia Family Caregivers: A Pilot Feasibility Study.

Background: Healthcare disparities continue to exist among the Vietnamese American (VA) community and many factors (e.g., fear of social stigma) deter family caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) from seeking assistance. Purpose: To pilot-test a language-specific and culturally appropriate mindfulness intervention to improve dementia VA family caregiver well-being. Methods: Bilingual, trained research assistants administered a mindfulness exercise (i.e., deep breathing) to family caregivers and provided continuous support and care resources through weekly home visits for a month. Weekly surveys measured changes in emotion, feelings of connectedness to the PWD, and mood (i.e., happiness) before and after the intervention. Results: A total of nine VA family caregivers of PWD participated in this pilot study. Positive affect showed an increasing trend (M pre = 16.0 (SD = 3.48), M post = 17.1 (SD = 3.06)) and negative affect showed a decreasing trend (M pre = 6.44 (SD = 3.31), M post = 5.22 (SD = 0.359)). Happiness showed an increasing trend (M pre = 4.30 (SD = 0.767), M post = 4.44 (SD = 0.873)). Conclusions: These findings suggest that a home-based dementia family caregiver intervention with mindfulness exercises may potentially increase positive affect and decrease negative affect in Vietnamese American family caregivers of PWD. Similar interventions may help reduce caregiver burden in dementia family caregivers of other cultures.
Introduction: “Fully Nonlinear”

The introduction to Animating Unpredictable Effects establishes a specific category of digital animation that is based on making unpredictable simulations. The book situates this form of animation in the context of key discussions about the relationship between animation and automation, and about the agency digital animators have when working with increasingly opaque software tools. The introduction further situates this type of animation in the history of cinema, which has long been preoccupied with natural motion and topics of contingency.
JEL: Applying End-to-End Neural Entity Linking in JPMorgan Chase

Knowledge Graphs have emerged as a compelling abstraction for capturing key relationship among the entities of interest to enterprises and for integrating data from heterogeneous sources. JPMorgan Chase (JPMC) is leading this trend by leveraging knowledge graphs across the organization for multiple mission critical applications such as risk assessment, fraud detection, investment advice, etc. A core problem in leveraging a knowledge graph is to link mentions (e.g., company names) that are encountered in textual sources to entities in the knowledge graph. Although several techniques exist for entity linking, they are tuned for entities that exist in Wikipedia, and fail to generalize for the entities that are of interest to an enterprise. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end neural entity linking model (JEL) that uses minimal context information and a margin loss to generate entity embeddings, and a Wide & Deep Learning model to match character and semantic information respectively. We show that JEL achieves the state-of-the-art performance to link mentions of company names in financial news with entities in our knowledge graph. We report on our efforts to deploy this model in the company-wide system to generate alerts in response to financial news. The methodology used for JEL is directly applicable and usable by other enterprises who need entity linking solutions for data that are unique to their respective situations.
Antecedents of Pregnancy Intention and Prenatal Father Engagement: A Dyadic and Typological Approach:

Prior research indicates that unintended pregnancy is associated with poorer maternal well-being, decreased relationship stability, and compromised child health and development, whereas prenatal fa...
Pulling on multiple threads of evidence to reveal tree species coexistence

Understanding drivers of species coexistence is a central challenge in ecology. Coexistence cannot be observed directly, and while species co-occurrence in time and space is necessary for coexistence, it is not sufficient to prove coexistence. Species exclusion from a region is potentially observable, but can take decades to occur, and still might occur stochastically. Thus, ecologists generally use theory to identify indirect observations that are indicative of mechanisms driving coexistence or exclusion. Various methods have been developed to indirectly infer coexistence, each of which requires different data, and none of which are usually conclusive on their own. Here, we demonstrate agreement using three different approaches examining coexistence of multiple hardwood species. First, in an experimental planting of three mature tree species we found no relationship between productivity and species diversity, which could be due to a lack of niche differences among species. Second, we used modern coexistence theory to calculate niche and fitness differences for each pair of species, which confirmed the lack of niche differences among species, and showed high fitness differences that could create a neutral distribution of species in nature. Third, we used the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Inventory and Analysis data to examine co-occurrence patterns of our species across thousands of natural forest stands and found that indeed, these three species were distributed randomly throughout the USA. Given that these independent methods agree, we take this as strong evidence about a lack of coexistence.
Encoprésie

L’encopresie est une affection commune de l’enfant. La constipation fonctionnelle est souvent la cause de cette encopresie. Le succes therapeutique de celle-ci necessite une collaboration etroite parents et enfants, une intervention sur le comportement, un traitement medical, une compliance a long terme vis-a-vis du programme therapeutique. Le traitement conventionnel consiste en modifications comportementales, l’usage de laxatifs qui ameliorent l’encopresie chez la majorite des patients qui adherent correctement au programme de traitement. Les taux d’amelioration sont d’environ 50% a un an. Le Cisapride et le biofeedback associes au traitement conventionnel n’apportent pas d’amelioration significative par rapport a celui-ci. Chez un petit nombre d’enfants, l’intolerance au lait de vache semble etre une cause de investigations ulterieures.
Landmark Lipid‐Lowering Trials in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

Although atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, the long disease latency affords ample opportunity for preventive care. Indeed, lifelong exposure to atherogenic apoliprotein B-containing lipoproteins has consistently been shown to increase the cumulative risk of suffering a CVD event, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. Over the past 25 years, lipid-lowering therapies have been developed that are proven to not only lower cholesterol, but also to decrease adverse CVD events and CVD mortality. This review will highlight several key clinical trials encompassing several classes of lipid-lowering medications that have provided clinicians with an evidence-based framework for managing their patients' cardiovascular risk.
Floral vascular anatomy ofConvallaria majalis L. andC. keiskei miq. (liliaceae-convallariinae)

In comparing the floral vascular anatomy ofConvallaria majalis andC. keiskei a similar pattern of vasculature was shown. Both have pedicels with six (3 large +3 small) bundles which via radial division and fusion form the tepal, stamen and ovary traces. The outer tepal and outer stamen traces, the dorsals and placentals (i.e. ventral supply) arise from the larger three pedicel bundles, while the inner tepal and inner stamen traces and the septal axials arise from the smaller three. The dorsals, septal axials, and all of the stamen and tepal bundles are fusion products, while the placentals are free, though arising from compound bundles. The overy vasculature lacks both lateral peripherals and terminal cross-connections between the inner bundles and the outer dorsals. The placentation is only axile basally, since the three septa are freed at the mid-ovary level, and the resulting common, upper carpellary cavity is continuous with the hollow style. Normally four ovules are observed in each carpel, with the lower tier associated with the lower solid central axis, and the upper tier associated with the freed septa. The orientation of the ovules is varied (heterotropic). An internal system of stigmatoidal tissue is continuous from the base of each locule to the stigma, and involves micropylar associated obturators. Raphides characterize mature ovaries of both species, though both lack septal glands and septal grooves.
Graphical contributions to the χ2statistic for two-way contingency tables

A graphical procedure for studying the cell contributions to the chi-square statistic for R×C contingency tables is presented. Several examples are included to illustrate how one might use this graphical procedure on large tables.
Perceived risks of certain types of cancer and heart disease among Asian American smokers and non-smokers.

This study assessed knowledge levels of health risks of tobacco use among the Asian American (AA) community in the Delaware Valley region of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, including metropolitan Philadelphia. A cross-sectional self-report survey was conducted to collect the information, and a stratified-cluster proportional sampling technique was used to obtain a representative sample size of the target population of Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Cambodians. 1374 AA were recruited from 26 randomly selected community organization clusters; of the total recruited, 1174 completed the survey, which consisted of 410 Chinese, 436 Korean, 196 Vietnamese, 100 Cambodian and 32 other-group. Other-group was excluded for this study. Ten questions were asked to determine the knowledge level of the sample population. Results indicated that the vast majority of respondents (82.2%) recognized the association between smoking and increased risk of developing various types of cancers and heart disease. Between 81.3% and 93.3% of respondents recognized the increased risk for lung, mouth, throat and esophageal cancer and heart disease. For these variables, there were statistically significant differences between the ethnic groups: Koreans were the most knowledgeable, followed by Chinese, Vietnamese, and Cambodians. For bladder, pancreatic, cervical, and kidney cancers, the percentage of respondents indicating an association between these cancers and smoking ranged from 49.2 to 56.8. There were no statistically significant differences among the four ethnic groups for these variables. Generally, however, results showed that the awareness level was higher among women and the more educated respondents, non-smokers and former smokers, and Chinese and Korean groups.
Abstract 9687: Exercise Improves BMI Z-Score in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Introduction: Previous studies have reached conflicting conclusions regarding the effects of exercise on adiposity in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Hypothesis: Exercise (aerobic, strength, or both) improves body mass index (BMI) z-score in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Methods: Studies meeting the following criteria were included: (1) randomized controlled trials, (2) exercise ≤ 4 weeks, (3) overweight/obese children and adolescents 2-18 years of age, (4) studies published in any language from 1990-2012, (5) BMI z-score data available. Studies were derived from 7 electronic databases, cross-referencing and expert review. Two investigators independently selected and abstracted all data. Exercise minus control group changes were calculated from each study and inverse variance weighted. Results were pooled using a random-effects model with non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals (CI) considered statistically significant. Q and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity...
On the gradient expansions of the kinetic and exchange energy density functionals

A gradient expansion for the total kinetic energy was derived. We imposed the condition that the densities should be a slowly varying function. It is applicable up to the fourth order in ▿n. The leading terms are the same as those of Thomas-Fermi and Weizsacker. The fourth-order term is in good agreement with the nonlinear response part of Hodges correction. A small term,Y[n], has been added to the derived gradient expansion. A new formula for the total kinetic energy with full nonlinear response is achieved as a result. The same method is applied to the exchange energy functional, where the well-known gradient expansion has been found but it differs only in the numerical coefficients. Divergent terms have been found in both expansions.
Diffraction from Crystals

Since our emphasis is on crystalline materials, we will first discuss how the details of the crystal symmetry affect the DPs we expect to see. What we’re doing here is taking the concepts of the reciprocal lattice and applying it to particular examples. There are two basic lessons: You must learn some of the rules that we will derive for particular crystal structures; one example will be to determine which reflections are allowed for an fcc crystal. The other lesson is more general and is really concerned with why we have these rules. Why are certain reflections absent or weak and how can you use this information to learn more about your material?
Abstract T P70: Resolving the Relative Contribution of Resident Microglia versus Infiltrating Macrophages in the Ischemic Brain After Stroke

Introduction: Early after stroke local inflammatory changes are primarily mediated by microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain. As injury evolves and the vascular integrity becomes compromised, there is a robust infiltration of peripheral myeloid cells into the ischemic area. Given the common lineage ancestry and morphological similarity between bone marrow-derived (BM) macrophages and resident microglia, the two cell types become nearly indistinguishable from each other using standard immunohistological methods. To date, the most sensitive means of discerning between microglia and BM macrophages relies on the relative level of CD45 expression. In this study, ex-vivo analyses were performed to distinguish CD45intCD11b+ microglia and CD45hiCD11b+Ly6C+ BM macrophages. Functional studies were also performed. Materials & Methods: Young male C57Bl/6 mice were subject to sham surgery or middle cerebral artery occlusion for 90min followed by 72hr or 7d of reperfusion. Ipsilateral hemispheres were harvested from PBS perfused mice and fixed for immunohistological preparation or processed by dissociation into single cell suspensions for use in functional flow cytometry assays. Results: Significant microglia cell death occurred by 72hr, and inversely correlated with BM macrophage infiltration. Surviving microglia showed a low rate of proliferation in response to ischemic stress compared to BM macrophages (1% vs. 7%; p<0.01). Peripheral macrophages were the primary source of TNF, while IL-1β was predominately expressed by microglia. Mitochondrial activity was significantly altered in microglia after stroke (p<0.05) and was accompanied by two-fold increases in ROS production. Finally, microglia displayed poor phagocytic potential after stroke compared to infiltrating macrophages (12% vs. 30%; p<0.01). Discussion: There is a complex, biphasic macrophage response to stroke injury. The post-acute phase is characterized by widespread microglia activation and dysregulation, whereas the subsequent resolution phase consists of debris clearance in the necrotic core by infiltrating macrophages.
Verification of a simulation model for Resin film infusion of complex shaped composite structures

Resin film infusion (RFI) has been found to be a cost-effective technique for the fabrication of complex shaped composite parts for primary structural applications. Dry textile preforms are infiltrated, consolidated, and cured in a single step, eliminating the labor to lay-up prepreg tape. The large number of processing variables and the complex material behavior during infiltration and cure make experimental optimization of the RFI process extremely inefficient.The objective of this work was to develop and verify a three-dimensional model to simulate the RFI process. For a specified pressure and temperature cure cycle the code can predict resin pressure, viscosity and degree of cure, flow front progression, and temperature distribution in the preform and tooling components. The model was divided into submodels which describe resin flow, heat transfer, and resin kinetics. A finite element/control volume approach was used to model the flow of the resin through the preform. Boundary conditions include speci...
Plasma level of interferon γ induced protein 10 is a marker of sarcoidosis disease activity

Abstract Rationale Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic granulomatous disorder with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and variable prognosis. Monitoring disease activity is important to identify patients requiring treatment. Several cytokines have previously been shown to be elevated in the serum of patients with sarcoidosis and may be useful biomarkers of disease activity. Objectives To identify novel biomarkers of sarcoidosis disease activity. To identify the relationship between plasma cytokines, disease severity and prognosis. Methods The study was approved by the institutional review board. Plasma concentration of 19 cytokines was measured in 112 subjects with chronic sarcoidosis and 52 matched controls, using the bead-based Milliplex xMAP multiplex technology. Plasma levels of individual cytokines were compared between the two groups, and between the groups with clinically active vs. inactive disease. Sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristics curves were used to evaluate biomarker performance. Linear regression analyses were performed to identify associations between cytokine levels, pulmonary function tests and changes in pulmonary function. Measurements and main results Subjects with sarcoidosis had higher plasma levels of interferon gamma induced protein 10 (IP-10) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). IP-10 had the highest sensitivity and specificity in identifying active disease. Higher levels of IP-10 and TNFα were associated with greater disease severity and better prognosis. Conclusions IP-10 is a potentially useful biomarker of sarcoidosis and its severity.
“Piglet”: a pen-based, personal communicator for light touch messaging

At Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Bristol we have been studying pen-based, personal communications through both focus groups and prototype field trials. Our results highlight the value of "light touch" messaging and the features important to its support.