cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Surface Chemistry of Agglomerates Formed in Suspensions Containing Aluminum Hydroxycarbonate and Magnesium Hydroxide

Abstract A dissolution and reprecipitation process contributes significantly to the formation of an aluminum hydroxycarbonate coating on magnesium hydroxide particles in aqueous suspensions containing the two types of particles. Shortly after the two suspensions are mixed, heterogeneous particles form consisting of magnesium hydroxide crystallites coated with aluminum hydroxycarbonate. The alkaline nature of the magnesium hydroxide surface enhances dissolution of the aluminum hydroxycarbonate particles and promotes desorption of carbonate anion from potential-determining sites on these particles. Loss of carbonate anion results in an increased isoelectric point of the aluminum hydroxycarbonate phase of the mixtures and thus of the heterogeneous particles as well. For this reason the isoelectric points of mixtures are increased compared to those of aluminum hydroxycarbonate suspensions. Both the particle size of magnesium hydroxide and media pH influence the magnitude of this increase.
Recent experience in neutron noise analysis at oconee nuclear station

Abstract Measurements have been performed at Oconee Nuclear Station, a Babcock and Wilcox designed Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR), to investigate recent changes in neutron noise signatures. Neutron noise is the random fluctuation in the detected neutron flux signal from an operating reactor. Monitoring these small signal fluctuations provides useful information about the reactor internals vibrations. The mechanisms for coupling these vibrations to the neutron flux may be either directly through core reactivity changes or indirectly through small differences in the length or density of the material through which the neutron flux must pass before reaching the detector. This analysis provides one of the few at-power indications of small reactor internals vibrations. In September 1980, Duke Power Company initiated a program of routine surveillance of reactor internals vibrations using neutron noise analysis. Since that time, data has been acquired and analyzed for eleven cycles of operation for the three Oconee units. A description and discussion of the changes that have occurred in the characteristic Oconee neutron noise signatures is the basis of this presentation.
Transcription Regulation by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Alternative Sigma Factor SigD and Its Role in Virulence

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an obligate mammalian pathogen, adapts to its host during the course of infection via the regulation of gene expression. Of the regulators of transcription that play a role in this response, several alternative sigma factors of M. tuberculosis have been shown to control gene expression in response to stresses, and some of these are required for virulence or persistence in vivo. For this study, we examined the role of the alternative sigma factor SigD in M. tuberculosis gene expression and virulence. Using microarray analysis, we identified several genes whose expression was altered in a strain with a sigD deletion. A small number of these genes, including sigD itself, the gene encoding the autocrine growth factor RpfC, and a gene of unknown function, Rv1815, appear to be directly regulated by this sigma factor. By identifying the in vivo promoters of these genes, we have determined a consensus promoter sequence that is putatively recognized by SigD. The expression of several genes encoding PE-PGRS proteins, part of a large family of related genes of unknown function, was significantly increased in the sigD mutant. We found that the expression of sigD is stable throughout log phase and stationary phase but that it declines rapidly with oxygen depletion. In a mouse infection model, the sigD mutant strain was attenuated, with differences in survival and the inflammatory response in the lung between mice infected with the mutant and those infected with the wild type.
Experimental studies related to the origin of the genetic code and the process of protein synthesis — A review

A survey is presented of the literature on the experimental evidence for the genetic code assignments and the chemical reactions involved in the process of protein synthesis. In view of the enormous number of theoretical models that have been advanced to explain the origin of the genetic code, attention is confined to experimental studies. Since genetic coding has significance only within the context of protein synthesis, it is believed that the problem of the origin of the code must be dealt with in terms of the origin of the process of protein synthesis. It is contended that the answers must lie in the nature of the molecules, amino acids and nucleotides, the affinities they might have for one another, and the effect that those affinities must have on the chemical reactions that are related to primitive protein synthesis. The survey establishes that for the bulk of amino acids, there is a direct and significant correlation between the hydrophobicity rank of the amino acids and the hydrophobicity rank of their anticodonic dinucleotides.
Silk-carbon nanotube composite for stem cell neuronal differentiation

This study aims to create a new paradigm for building 3D silk-carbon nanotube (CNT) based composite scaffolds in order to acquire better neuron differentiation efficiency from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). CNT and silk have been successfully used for neuronal differentiation and tissue engineering applications. The silk-CNT composite scaffolds can serve as efficient support matrices for stem cell derived neuronal transplants that offer a promising opportunity for nerve injury treatments in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients.
THE MATRIX ENHANCES THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CORRIDORS AND STEPPING STONES

Conservation strategies often call for the utilization of corridors and/or stepping stones to promote dispersal among fragmented populations. However, the extent to which these strategies increase connectivity for an organism may depend not only on the corridors and stepping stones themselves, but also on the composition of the surrounding matrix. Using an herbivore–host-plant system consisting of the planthopper Prokelisia crocea and its sole host plant, prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata), we show that the effectiveness of corridors and stepping stones for promoting planthopper dispersal among patches depended strongly on the intervening matrix habitat. In a low-resistance matrix (one that facilitates high rates of interpatch dispersal), both stepping stones and corridors promoted high connectivity, increasing the number of colonists by threefold relative to patches separated by matrix habitat only. The effectiveness of stepping stones and corridors was significantly lower in a high-resistance matrix...
Swarming under Perfect Consensus using Integral Action

Prior work [1] studied the cohesiveness of swarm dynamics when a consensus filter [2] is guiding swarm movement. In that earlier work it was shown that the degree of consensus achieved was dependent on the swarm's size. This paper proves that if the swarm's communication graph is regular, then the introduction of integral action into the consensus filter achieves perfect consensus regardless of swarm size.
Copolymers from epoxidized soybean oil and lactic acid oligomers for pressure-sensitive adhesives

Plant oils and polysaccharide-derived lactic acid are two renewable chemicals that are important in producing industrial biopolymers. In this investigation, we copolymerized epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with lactic acid oligomers for pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) applications. Lactic acid oligomers (OLAs) with molecular weights of 260 to 674 g mol−1 were synthesized without catalysts or solvents. Both carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of OLAs are able to open the epoxide ring of the ESO triglycerides to form polymer networks. Thermal, mechanical, and viscoelastic properties of the copolymers were studied for potential applications as single-component pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs). Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of copolymers increased from −21 to 5 °C as chain lengths of OLAs increased. Copolymers based on relatively short-chain OLAs exhibited a maximal peel adhesion strength of 3.8 N cm−1, tack adhesion of 8.0 N cm−1, and shear adhesion resistance of over 30 000 minutes. We also found positive correlations between mechanical performance and viscoelastic response at bonding and debonding frequencies for these copolymers. The new polymers are favorable candidates for fully biobased PSAs.
Percutaneous revision of excess length from an implanted long-term central venous access device.

L ong-term central venous access catheters are usually placed with their tips in the high right atrium (RA) or the superior vena cava F1 1. When implantable central venous access catheters are placed surgically, malpositioning of the catheter tip may not be discovered until after the procedure has been completed [2]. If the catheter is too long, so that it extends deep within the heart, the only surgical option is to reopen the incision to trim the catheter or perhaps replace the device. We report a percutaneous technique for trimming excess length from implantable long-term central venous access catheters.
Current status of liver transplantation in children

There are two critical issues on opposite ends of the timeline for patients who are eligible for liver transplantation. On the one hand, the crisis in the cadaveric organ supply makes surviving to transplant ever more risky. On the other hand, patients who receive successful transplants face the consequences of long-term immunosuppression and its potentially life-threatening complications. The donor shortage is forcing difficult decisions that affect all patients who await liver transplantation. It is important to scrutinize carefully the results of all policies that govern allocation and the ethics of the solutions we advocate to ensure that no patient subgroup is being at a disadvantage. Current immunosuppression practices are being challenged by an increasing understanding of the immunologic events triggered by the allograft and the goal to free patients from consequences of a lifetime of immunosuppression. Clinicians can expect, and perhaps require, that new immunosuppressive protocols will address how the planned intervention might be expected to advance the understanding of tolerance mechanisms. As knowledge increases, clinicians can anticipate innovative new immunosuppressive proposals. Calcineurin and steroid-free induction, the use of donor-derived bone marrow infusion, recipient pretreatment, costimulatory blockade, and new antibody induction approaches are all being proposed--often in combination--for clinical trials. Researchers face additional challenges in defining endpoints if the goal is not just the short-term reduction in rejection but the minimization, and eventual discontinuation, of immunosuppressive drugs while maintaining excellent long-term graft function. How much "failure" will be accepted and how will it be defined? How will clinicians interpret liver biopsies if they begin to accept that some lymphocytic infiltrates may be beneficial mediators of the ongoing immune activation necessary for the maintenance of tolerance? How will they adjust immunosuppression practices to the dynamic processes in the immune response that maintain tolerance? Remarkable short-term successes in providing transplants for thousands of children with liver failure have brought these challenges into sharp focus. Clinicians must seek to move the life-giving science of transplantation toward a new goal: providing long lifetimes of excellent graft function with minimal toxicity from immunosuppressive drugs and the hope of freedom from immunosuppression altogether. Pediatric liver recipients, whose grafts have inherent tolerogenic potential and for whom we can anticipate decades of life after transplant, may prove to be an ideal study population to further these goals.
Coping with Cerebral Palsy Pain: A Preliminary Longitudinal Study

Objective. To examine the association between pain-coping strategies and adjustment to cerebral palsy (CP)-related pain. Design. Longitudinal study of 48 adults with CP-related chronic pain. Study participants were interviewed on two occasions, separated by 6 months, to assess pain-coping strategies used and two domains of adjustment to chronic pain: depression and pain interference. Results. Changes in coping strategy use were associated with changes in functioning. Specifically, decreased use of catastrophizing and rest, and increased use of task persistence were associated with decreases in depression over a 6-month period. Increased use of task persistence was also associated with decreases in pain interference. Conclusion. Changes in pain-coping strategies over time are associated with changes in functioning in persons with CP-related pain, consistent with biopsychosocial models of chronic pain. Some coping strategies (e.g., catastrophizing, task persistence), however, appear to be more closely linked to functioning than others. These results provide preliminary empiric guidance for the coping strategies that may be most fruitfully targeted in the treatment of CP-related pain.
The Role of Stretching in Slow Axonal Transport

Axonal stretching is linked to rapid rates of axonal elongation. Yet the impact of stretching on elongation and slow axonal transport is unclear. Here, we develop a mathematical model of slow axonal transport that incorporates the rate of axonal elongation, protein half-life, protein density, adhesion strength, and axonal viscosity to quantify the effects of axonal stretching. We find that under conditions where the axon (or nerve) is free of a substrate and lengthens at rapid rates (>4 mm day−1), stretching can account for almost 50% of total anterograde axonal transport. These results suggest that it is possible to accelerate elongation and transport simultaneously by increasing either the axon's susceptibility to stretching or the forces that induce stretching. To our knowledge, this work is the first to incorporate the effects of stretching in a model of slow axonal transport. It has relevance to our understanding of neurite outgrowth during development and peripheral nerve regeneration after trauma, and hence to the development of treatments for spinal cord injury.
Sedimentation, accretion, and subsidence in marshes of Barataria Basin, Louisiana1

Vertical accretion and sediment accumulation rates were determined from the distribution of 137Cs in cores collected from freshwater, intermediate, brackish, and salt marshes in the Barataria Basin, Louisiana. Vertical accretion rates vary from about 1.3 cm*yr-l in levee areas to 0.7 in backmarshes. Mineral sediment content of the marsh soil profile decreased with distance from the coast. However, vertical accretion rates were about equivalent in areas of the same type. Autochthonous organic matter appears to be an important factor defining the process and rate of vertical accretion, especially in the freshwater marshes. Except in natural levee areas, marsh accretion rates are less than subsidence measured by water level data, however this alone cannot account for observed land-loss patterns in the basin area.
Preserving Source-Location Privacy in Wireless Sensor Network Using STaR Routing

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), providing source-location privacy through secure routing is one of the most prosperous techniques. In this paper, we propose a routing technique to provide adequate source-location privacy with low energy consumption. We introduce this technique as the Sink Toroidal Region (STaR) routing. With this technique, the source node randomly selects an intermediate node within a designed STaR area located around the SINK node. The STaR area is large enough to make it unpractical for an adversary to monitor the entire region. Furthermore, this routing protocol ensures that the intermediate node is neither too close, nor too far from the SINK node in relations to the entire network. While ensuring source location privacy, our simulation results show that the proposed scheme is very efficient and can be used for practical applications.
Long-Range Correlations in the Extratropical Atmospheric Circulation: Origins and Implications

Abstract The atmospheric general circulation often enters into regimes that cause weather anomalies (departures from an average state) to persist over areas of the globe. By considering 500-hPa measurements the authors demonstrate the existence of scale invariance in the variability of extratropical atmospheric circulation anomalies over the whole range of timescales resolved by the available data, from a week to a decade. This scale invariance indicates an absence of characteristic timescales and the presence of positive long-range correlations, meaning that if an anomaly of a particular sign exists in the past it will most likely continue to exist in the future. Moreover, this scale invariance indicates that the dynamics of small scales are connected to the dynamics of large scales via a simple power law. A consequence of this finding is that the memory of the system is not confined only to large scales but extends to small scales as well. By investigating the hemispheric structure of 500-hPa fields ove...
Implications of Particulate and Precursor Compounds Formed During High-Efficiency Clean Combustion in a Diesel Engine

Advanced diesel combustion modes offer the promise of reduced engine-out particulate and nitrogen oxide emissions, thereby reducing the demand on post-combustion emission control devices. In this activity, a light-duty diesel engine was operated in conventional and advanced combustion modes. The advanced combustion modes investigated correspond to both clean (i.e., low PM and low NO x ) and clean efficient combustion. The low-NOx, low-PM mode is considered an intermediate condition and the low-NO x , low-PM efficient mode is referred to as high efficiency clean combustion (HECC). Particulate and gaseous emissions were analyzed during all of these experiments. The detailed exhaust chemistry analysis provided significant new information to improving our understanding of these modes as well as identifying potentially important unregulated emissions.
Energetic and Molecular Constraints on the Mechanism of Environmental Fe(III) Reduction by Geobacter

This review aims to discuss how Geobacter and its relatives are shaped by the nature of their electron donor and acceptor, where electrons liberated during complete cytoplasmic oxidation of organics must travel far beyond the cell to reduce extracellular metals without the aid of soluble shuttles. This sequence of reactions must often occur in permanently anoxic habitats where reactant concentrations lower the ∆G to only tens of kJ/mol, severely limiting the energy available for protein synthesis. Extracellular Fe(III) reduction is additionally challenging, from a bioenergetic perspective, as oxidation of organic matter (releasing protons and electrons) occurs in the cell interior, but only the negatively charged electrons are transferred outside the cell. Finally, the low amount of energy available from metals in direct contact with a cell predicts that Geobacter must organize electron transfer proteins to extend outward, to take advantage of the Fe(III) in the volume available a few microns beyond its outer membrane. This review will discuss these thermodynamic constraints on environmental metal reduction, and briefly mention recently described aspects of the molecular mechanism of electron transfer by Geobacter spp. when viewed through this lens.
The Very Access of Democracy: The Internet, Blogs, and On-Line Repertoires of Contention

This paper examines how Charles Tilly's theory of a repertoire of contention can be applied to emerging communications technologies on the Internet in general, and blogs specifically.
Abstract P075: Influence of Systemic Interleukin-6 on the Inverse Association between Your-Choice American Heart Diet and a 41-Year Mortality Risk from Coronary Heart Disease among Men

Introduction: Whole diet evaluated using dietary pattern is associated with systemic inflammation and coronary heart disease (CHD). Systemic inflammation also contributes to CHD risk. Genetic factors explain variations in whole diet, systemic inflammation, and CHD. However, it is unknown whether systemic inflammation is a mechanism linking whole diet to the long-term mortality risk from coronary heart disease independent of genes. Hypothesis: Systemic inflammation measured as plasma interleukin-6 levels medicates the association between whole diet and long-term mortality risk from coronary heart disease independent of genes. Methods: From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Twin Study, we included 554 white, middle-aged, veteran male twins (105 monozygotic and 109 dizygotic twin pairs; 65 monozygotic and 61 dizygotic unpaired twins). The twins were not on antihypertensive medication and had diastolic blood pressure below 105 mmHg at baseline (1969-1973) and did not have suspected acute inflammat...
Navigating Ethical Dilemmas in Child Sexual Assault Counselling and the Legal System

Child Protection Unit (CPU) therapists work with the family system, providing support, counselling, and facilitating change. At the same time the counsellor is part of the wider child protection system, its legislation, organisation, and practices, and the justice system. Social workers must act in accordance with the law and organisational directives, and are encouraged to critically reflect on ethical decisions while observing professional values. When these directives conflict with perceived moral obligations, and complex systems intersect in a way that is at times unhelpful and at the worst re-traumatising for children and families, CPU counsellors may find themselves in a state of ‘ethics anxiety’; attempting to juggle the systemic imperatives, the needs of the child and the family, ethics, and the law. While our experience arises from the CPU context, the themes we will discuss are relevant for anyone working with people whose presenting problem relates to a court process such as in matters of domestic violence and adult sexual assault.
Toward a Theory of Civil–Military Punishment

This article addresses a significant question in American civil–military relations: under what conditions will civilian principals punish military leaders for shirking? In order to inductively deri...
Abstract P2-01-05: Parallel DNA and RNA profiling of EpCAM-positive cells in blood of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients confirm their malignant nature

Background: Molecular studies of EpCAM-positive cells found in the blood of cancer patients have been limited to immuno-enriched samples containing a high background of leukocytes. We developed a process to isolate rare EpCAM-positive cells and subjected them to DNA and RNA profiling. Methods: Blood was subjected to immunomagnetic enrichment using EpCAM beads followed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (IE/FACS) to isolate EpCAM-positive cells away from leukocytes (CD45+). Duplicate samples of 20 cells were isolated from the same enriched blood from 53 MBC patients and then subjected to DNA and RNA profiling in parallel. For DNA profiling, sorted cells were subjected to BAC array comparative genomic hybridization analysis following whole genome amplification. For RNA profiling, QPCR analysis was performed on sixty four (64) cancer-related genes using Taqman® low density arrays. For non-tumor controls, RNA profiling was performed on matched leukocytes (CD45+) isolated from the same enriched blood samples from 44 of the 53 patients. Results: Differential gene expression analysis between EpCAM-positive cells and matched leukocytes confirmed the up-regulation of EPCAM and other genes including MUC1 and KRT19 (adjusted p PTPRC (encodes CD45) as well as CD44 and VIM , markers associated with stem cellness and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, respectively. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of RNA profiles showed that EpCAM-positive cells clustered away from the leukocytes. Genome-wide copy number analysis of EpCAM-expressing cells revealed gains (e.g. 1q and 8q), losses (e.g. 8p and 16q), and focal amplifications (e.g. on 8q and 11q including CCND1 ) frequently seen in primary breast cancers. Discussion: We demonstrate the feasibility of isolation and molecular analysis of highly pure EpCAM-positive cells in the blood. Our results strongly suggest that epithelial cells captured from blood of MBC patients are malignant in nature and are therefore circulating tumor cells. This approach can serve as a non-invasive source of highly pure metastatic tumor tissue for further molecular characterization. This study was supported by CALGB and BCRF. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-05.
Egg production responses of Coturnix quail to dietary additions of nitrogen in the form of amino acids, diammonium citrate and intact protein.

Abstract In each of two experiments lasting for either 3 or 4 weeks from the time full production was achieved, 120 Coturnix quail hens were fed semipurified diets. The basal diet contained 12.9% protein; the supplements to it were an essential amino acid mixture (EAA), a nonessential amino acid mixture (NEAA), diammonium citrate (DAC), or intact protein. A significant improvement in the level and efficiency of egg production with the addition of 2.97% EAA indicated that the basal diet lacked one or more essential amino acids. Adding 2.16% NEAA mixture gave a significant but smaller improvement in egg production. An isonitrogenous supplement of DAC gave a response similar to that obtained from the NEAA supplement. Increasing the level of DAC to 6.72% significantly depressed egg production unless the diet was simultaneously supplemented with 2.97% EAA. The response following simultaneous addition to the basal diet of EAA + DAC or EAA + NEAA was similar to that obtained when intact protein was added.
Heritability of Some Body Measurements and Reproductive Characters in Turkeys

Abstract IN DEVISING a sound breeding program for poultry it is essential to know the relative effect of heredity and environment on the various traits which the breeder aims to improve in his stock. The role of heredity in the expression of any particular trait is given by the heritability estimate. It is that fraction of the total variation associated with a character which is accounted for by hereditary differences. Heritability estimates vary with the population from which they are obtained, nevertheless they are a valuable guide in the breeding program when such data are available from various sources. Numerous workers have obtained heritability estimates for several characters in chickens, but such information is limited for turkeys. The intra-sire regression method of analysis, used by Wilson and Johnson (1946) obtained heritability estimates (h2) of 2 and 26 percent for egg production and hatchability respectively. Abplanalp and Kosin (1952) made an extensive …
The Sense Organs upon the Dorsal Surface of the Female Black Scale, Saissetia Oleae (Bernard) (Coccidae, Homoptera)

There are four types of sense organs upon the dorsal surface of the female black scale, these will be described separately in this paper. If we except the attempts made to find the number and distribution of these organs upon the body, the entire work was done by means of sections, in nearly all of these the body of the insect was cut transversely. In studying the glands upon the insect's body and in an attempt to work out the development and structure of the ocelli, a great many scales were sectioned. These slides formed the basis for this work but many other insects were sectioned, especially for this paper. With the exception of several other stains the technique has been described in the other papers.
Disruption of Molecular Ordering over Several Layers near the Au/2,8-Difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl) Anthradithiophene Interface

The transition from an electrode-dominated ordered monolayer structure to a bulk-like thin film crystal structure of 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene (diF-TES-ADT) is observed to occur over at least the first four molecular layers near the electrode surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of the growth of diF-TES-ADT on Au(111) show that the first two molecular layers assemble with aromatic planes parallel to the substrate surface. The monolayer structures are highly stable and well-ordered, while the bilayer structures are more loosely packed and poorly ordered. Subsequent diF-TES-ADT growth results in a more bulk-like layer containing standing up molecular configurations approaching the (001) crystal face as observed by grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering measurements. However, the third and fourth monolayers also show poor long-range ordering and an apparent height modulation that indicate significant strain effects from the substrate still persist.
Specificity of Functional Changes during Normal Brain Aginga

Although there is no question that age-related alterations in neural function occur in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals, these changes tend to be somewhat circumscribed rather than completely global, even in pathological conditions. Examples of this kind of specificity of functional neural change are drawn from experiments on the electrophysiology of the senescent rat hippocampus.
Relation of psychosocial factors to diverse behaviors and attitudes among Somali refugees.

Refugee studies have examined both resilience and adverse outcomes, but no research has examined how different outcomes co-occur or are distinct, and the social-contextual factors that give rise to these diverse outcomes. The current study begins to address this gap by using latent profile analysis to examine the ways in which delinquency, gang involvement, civic engagement, political engagement, and openness to violent extremism cluster among Somali refugees. We then use multivariable regression analyses to examine how adversity (e.g., discrimination, trauma, and marginalization) is associated with the identified latent classes. Data were collected from 374 Somali refugee young adults (Mage = 21.30 years, SD = 2.90, range 18-30, 38% female) from 4 different North American communities. Participants completed a structured survey assessing their experiences of adversity, delinquent and/or violent attitudes and behaviors (e.g., attitudes toward violent extremism, participation in delinquent behaviors, involvement in gangs), and positive outcomes (e.g., civic and political engagement). Our findings indicate that participants fall into 5 distinct groups, and that social-contextual and individual factors are uniquely related to those groups. Specifically, strong social bonds seem to be associated with positive outcomes. These findings point to the need to further examine both positive and negative outcomes, paying special attention to social-contextual factors. (PsycINFO Database Record.
Sociology of Suicide

Abstract Societal stressors play an important role in the major sociological theories of suicide. In Durkheim's theory, reduced social integration and excessive social regulation both result in stress, while Henry and Short's theory focuses on whether individuals can blame others for their unhappiness, a protective factor for suicide. Anthropologists have documented the role of stress created by cultural conflict in increasing the risk for suicide. Whereas individual stressors can increase the risk of suicide in individual members of a society, societal, and cultural stressors can increase the risk of suicide in all members of the society.
Stroke Prediction in Atrial Fibrillation: Is it Black and White?∗

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia that predisposes patients to risk of stroke [(1)][1] that can be prevented with anticoagulation [(2)][2]. However, a minority of patients with AF and risk of stroke are treated with anticoagulants [(3)][3], with undertreatment being due to a variety of
Protein and Carbohydrate Exopolymer Particles in the Sea Surface Microlayer (SML)

Exchanges of matter and energy between ocean and atmosphere occur through the sea surface microlayer (SML). The SML is the thin surface layer of the ocean at the ocean-atmosphere interface that has distinctive physical, chemical and biological properties compared with the underlying water. We measured the concentration of two types of exopolymer particles in the SML and underlying water in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Oregon (United States) during July 2011. Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) are defined by their acidic polysaccharide content, whereas Coomassie staining particles (CSP) are composed of protein. TEP and CSP were ubiquitous in the SML. TEP were not significantly enriched in the SML compared with the underlying water. CSP were significantly enriched in the SML, with an enrichment factor (EF) of 1.4 to 2.4. The distribution of exopolymer particles in the water and microscopic imaging indicated that TEP and CSP are distinct populations of particles rather than different chemical components of the same particles. Dissolved polysaccharides were not enriched in the SML, whereas monosaccharides had an EF of 1.2 to 1.8. Sampling occurred during the collapse of a diatom bloom, and diatoms were found both in the water column and SML. While there were living diatoms in the samples, most of the diatoms were dead and there were abundant empty frustules covered in layer of TEP. The collapsing diatom bloom was probably the source of exopolymer particles to both the SML and underlying water. Exopolymer particles are a component of the SML that may play a significant role in the marine carbon and nitrogen cycles, and the exchange of material between ocean and atmosphere.
Aggregate Demand in Principles Textbooks

In 1985 we wrote an article critical of the aggregate demand curve as presented in most principles textbooks (Hansen, McCormick and Rives, 1985). The essence of our argument was that the reasons given for the negative slope of the aggregate demand curve in price level/real GDP space were not convincing. Writing in 1997, we note that, with one minor exception, very little has changed.1
Investigation of risk factors associated with fatigue in glioma patients.

2018Background: Fatigue is a consistently reported severe symptom among patients with gliomas throughout the disease trajectory. Clinical variables and genomic pathways associated with fatigue in g...
LR-DNase: Predicting TF binding from DNase-seq data

Transcription factors play a key role in the regulation of gene expression. Hypersensitivity to DNase I cleavage has long been used to gauge the accessibility of genomic DNA for transcription factor binding and as an indicator of regulatory genomic locations. An increasing amount of ChIP-seq data on a large number of TFs is being generated, mostly in a small number of cell types. DNase-seq data are being produced for hundreds of cell types. We aimed to develop a computational method that could combine ChIP-seq and DNase-seq data to predict TF binding sites in a wide variety of cell types. We trained and tested a logistic regression model, called LR-DNase, to predict binding sites for a specific TF using seven features derived from DNase-seq and genomic sequence. We calculated the area under the precision-recall curve at a false discovery rate cutoff of 0.5 for the LR-DNase model, a number of logistic regression models with fewer features, and several existing state-of-the-art TF binding prediction methods. The LR-DNase model outperformed existing unsupervised and supervised methods. Additionally, for many TFs, a model that uses only two features, DNase-seq reads and motif score, was sufficient to match the performance of the best existing methods.
Loss of polarization in collapsing beams of elliptical polarization

We predict that elliptically polarized beams undergoing multiple collapsing-defocusing cycles experience a loss of polarization and demonstrate this experimentally by measuring a large increase in fluctuations of nonlinear ellipse rotations for pulses undergoing filamention.
Family-centered Services for Children with ASD and Limited Speech: The Experiences of Parents and Speech-language Pathologists

Although family-centered services have long been discussed as essential in providing successful services to families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), ideal implementation is often lacking. This study aimed to increase understanding of how families with children with ASD and limited speech receive services from speech-language pathologists (SLPs). 99 parents of children with ASD and limited speech and 211 SLPs who served children with ASD and limited speech completed questionnaires measuring their experiences with the provision of family-centered services. Findings revealed that parents and SLPs differed in their views on the degree to which family-centered services were being implemented. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed in order to promote continued growth in the acquisition of family-centered skills.
Walking and Talking With the Lord: Teleological Curation, Salvation, and the Billy Graham Library:

This article offers a critical auto-ethnography of Charlotte’s extensive Billy Graham Library complex, sculpted grounds, and memorial garden. Opened in 2007 and designed as an “ongoing Crusade,” th...
Activation of GPR55 increases neural stem cell proliferation and promotes early adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

Background and purpose The cannabinoid system exerts functional regulation of neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and adult neurogenesis, yet not all effects of cannabinoid-like compounds seen can be attributed to the cannabinoid 1 (CB1 ) or CB2 receptor. The recently de-orphaned GPR55 has been shown to be activated by numerous cannabinoid ligands suggesting that GPR55 is a third cannabinoid receptor. Here, we examined the role of GPR55 activation in NSC proliferation and early adult neurogenesis. Experimental approach The effects of GPR55 agonists (LPI, O-1602, ML184) on human (h) NSC proliferation in vitro were assessed by flow cytometry. Human NSC differentiation was determined by flow cytometry, qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Immature neuron formation in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 and GPR55-/- mice was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Key results Activation of GPR55 significantly increased proliferation rates of hNSCs in vitro. These effects were attenuated by ML193, a selective GPR55 antagonist. ML184 significantly promoted neuronal differentiation in vitro while ML193 reduced differentiation rates as compared to vehicle treatment. Continuous administration of O-1602 into the hippocampus via a cannula connected to an osmotic pump resulted in increased Ki67+ cells within the dentate gyrus. O-1602 increased immature neuron generation, as assessed by DCX+ and BrdU+ cells, as compared to vehicle-treated animals. GPR55-/- animals displayed reduced rates of proliferation and neurogenesis within the hippocampus while O-1602 had no effect as compared to vehicle controls. Conclusions and implications Together, these findings suggest GPR55 activation as a novel target and strategy to regulate NSC proliferation and adult neurogenesis.
An Approach to Testing Java Implementation against Its UML Class Model

Model Driven Engineering MDE aims to expedite the software development process by providing support for transforming models to running systems. Many modeling tools provide forward engineering features that automatically translate a model into a skeletal program that developers must complete. Inconsistencies between a design model and its implementation can result as a consequence of manually-added code. Manually checking that an implementation conforms to the model is a daunting task. Thus, there is a need for MDE tools that developers can use to check whether an implementation conforms to a model, especially when generated code is manually modified. This paper presents an approach for testing that an implementation satisfies the constraints specified in its design model. We also describe a prototypical tool that supports the approach, and we describe how its application to two Eclipse UML2 projects uncovered errors.
Isolation of Circulating MicroRNA in Saliva

Oral cancer diagnosis can be greatly facilitated by early diagnosis in order to improve the 50 % 5-year mortality that has not changed much over the last years. Saliva is an easily accessible medium that has been shown to contain microvesicles (exosomes) that enclose microRNAs. We have previously demonstrated that the majority of salivary microRNAs are within exosomes. MicroRNAs have been implicated in oral cancer and the use of salivary exosomal microRNAs holds the promise of identification of diagnostic and prognostic markers.
Micro-Mechanical influences on the Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Nickel Base Superalloys

The micro-mechanisms responsible for influencing fatigue crack propagation (FCP) in nickel base superalloys were investigated. Four experimental alloys were developed such that the lattice mismatch (δ), antiphase boundary energy (APBE), and volume fraction (Vf) of γ′ precipitates were systematically varied. Heat treatments were also employed to obtain two distinct γ′ sizes. Monotonic and low cycle fatigue tests revealed the material response of each alloy. Closure was measured by several techniques to investigate the possible effects on the FCP rate of these alloys.
Appropriated racial oppression: Implications for mental health in Whites and Blacks

Racism has been examined in its many forms. Scholarship regarding how individuals personally experience, cope with, and manage racial oppression is still developing. The term "appropriated racial oppression" reframes the construct "internalized racism" as a process whereby members of a group appropriate a dominant group's ideology, adapt their behavior, and perceive a subordinate status as deserved, natural, and inevitable. The expression of appropriated racial oppression is based on a variety of complicated and interacting processes, such as incentivized societal norms, critical consciousness, and racial socialization. We conceptualize appropriated racial oppression as a mediated process that yields both direct and indirect health outcomes for both non-dominant and dominant groups. The latter is critical because little research examines how racism affects dominant groups and their health. In this commentary, we examine two examples where appropriating racial oppression may confer both negative and adaptive outcomes. Although we highlight examples rooted in White and Black racial experiences, we briefly consider implications for intersectional and multiple marginalized identities as well. Future research recommendations for psychology, public health and interdisciplinary research are discussed.
Apéry-like numbers and families of newforms with complex multiplication

Using Hecke characters, we construct two infinite families of newforms with complex multiplication, one by $${\mathbb {Q}}(\sqrt{-3})$$ and the other by $${\mathbb {Q}}(\sqrt{-2})$$ . The values of the p-th Fourier coefficients of all the forms in each family can be described by a single formula, which we provide explicitly. This allows us to establish a formula relating the p-th Fourier coefficients of forms of different weights, within each family. We then prove congruence relations between the p-th Fourier coefficients of these newforms at all odd weights and values coming from two of Zagier’s sporadic Apery-like sequences.
A knack for “NAC”: Treatment for heat stroke induced acute liver injury

Abstract Introduction Heat stroke occurs when the body's core temperature becomes elevated above 40 °C, which may impact multiple organ systems. We present a case of heat stroke resulting in acute liver injury (ALI) successfully treated with intravenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Case presentation A 24-year-old unresponsive male without significant past medical history presented to the emergency department with heat stroke; his initial temperature was 107.4 °F. During his hospital course, he developed ALI with significant elevation in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin. These laboratory findings peaked by hospital day two, but improved prior to discharge on hospital day five and throughout his follow up clinic visits. His treatment course included cooling measures, supportive care, supplemental oxygen and airway management, seizure control, and intravenous NAC therapy. Conclusion Hepatocellular injury is one of the most serious complications of heat stroke. We discuss the incidence and outcomes for patients who develop acute liver injury secondary to heat stroke and the use of NAC as an early potential therapeutic option.
Flexible Multielectrode Arrays With 2-D and 3-D Contacts for $In~ Vivo$ Electromyography Recording

We present a system for recording in vivo electromyographic (EMG) signals from songbirds using hybrid polyimide–polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) flexible multielectrode arrays (MEAs). 2-D electrodes with a diameter of 200, 125, and $50~\mu \text{m}$ and a center-to-center pitch of 300, 200, and $100~\mu \text{m}$ , respectively, were fabricated. 3-D MEAs were fabricated using a photoresist reflow process to obtain hemispherical domes utilized to form the 3-D electrodes. Biocompatibility and flexibility of the arrays were ensured by using polyimide and PDMS as the materials of choice for the arrays. EMG activity was recorded from the expiratory muscle group of anesthetized songbirds using the fabricated 2-D and 3-D arrays. Air pressure data were also recorded simultaneously from the air sac of the songbird. Together, EMG recordings and air pressure measurements can be used to characterize how the nervous system controls breathing and other motor behaviors. Such technologies can in turn provide unique insights into motor control in a range of species, including humans. An improvement of over 7 $\times $ in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is observed with the utilization of 3-D MEAs in comparison to 2-D MEAs.
The Demise of Single-Authored Publications in Computer Science: A Citation Network Analysis

In this study, I analyze the DBLP bibliographic database to study role of single author publications in the computer science literature between 1940 and 2019. I examine the demographics and reception by computing the population fraction, citation statistics, and PageRank scores of single author publications over the years. Both the population fraction and reception have been continuously declining since the 1940s. The overall decaying trend of single author publications is qualitatively consistent with those observed in other scientific disciplines, though the diminution is taking place several decades later than those in the natural sciences. Additionally, I analyze the scope and volume of single author publications, using page length and reference count as first-order approximations of the scope of publications. Although both metrics on average show positive correlations with citation count, single author papers show no significant difference in page or reference counts compared to the rest of the publications, suggesting that there exist other factors that impact the citations of single author publications.