cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Internacional Boundaries in Flood Hazard, Social Vulnerability and Disaster: A Bi-National Case Study of Ciudad Acuña, Coahuila and Del Rio, Texas

This paper investigates vulnerability and flood hazard in two borderland communities. A model for assessing vulnerability is applied to U.S. and Mexican communities of Del Rio and Ciudad Acuna to evaluate the spatial distribution of the characteristics of people, places, neighborhoods, and systems that influence the impacts of flood events that occur along the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo. Spatial data from the U.S. and Mexican 2000 censuses are combined at block group and Area Geografica Estadistica Basica (AGEB) scales to evaluate demographic and other descriptors of the areas impacted by floods. The differences between the patterns of vulnerabilities relative to the distribution of flood risk in the two cities are highlighted and the implications of these patterns are discussed.
Creation and validation of a condition-specific venous thromboembolism risk assessment tool for ventral hernia repair.

Background We used the database of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program to (1) identify risk factors for 30-day venous thromboembolism (VTE) after ventral hernia repair (VHR) and (2) to create and validate a condition-specific assessment tool for the risk of VTE. Methods Open and laparoscopic VHR patients in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were identified using Current Procedural Terminology code. The occurrence of VTE, including deep-venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolus, within 30 days postoperatively was the primary outcome. Regression-based analysis and subsequent bootstrap analysis created a weighted VTE risk assessment model (RAM) for ventral hernia repair. The weighted RAM was used to risk-stratify patients for both 30-day VTE risk and 30-day risk for medical and surgical complications. Results Data for 113,873 hernia repair patients were obtained; 30-day deep-venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, and VTE rates were 0.59%, 0.43%, and 0.92%, respectively. The average time to VTE was 10.8 days. A 14-factor, weighted RAM was created. The weighted risk score identified a 25-fold variability (from 0.20 to 4.97%) in VTE risk among the overall VHR population. Although created to risk-stratify for VTE, the risk score also risk-stratified for 30-day medical and surgical complications, inpatient duration of stay, and 30-day mortality. Conclusion The 30-day VTE risk after VHR is 0.92%, but a 25-fold variability in VTE risk exists among the overall hernia population. We demonstrate that a weighted VTE RAM quantifies VTE risk among the population undergoing ventral hernia repair, and that VTE risk score can also be used to risk-stratify for 30-day medical and surgical complications as well as mortality.
On Quantum Integrable Systems

Many quantum integrable systems are obtained using an accelerator physics technique known as Ermakov (or normalized variables) transformation. This technique was used to create classical nonlinear integrable lattices for accelerators and nonlinear integrable plasma traps. Now, all classical results are carried over to a nonrelativistic quantum case.
Trends in the North Atlantic carbon sink: 1992–2006

[1] A biogeochemical general circulation model is used to assess the impact of climate variability from 1992 to 2006 on air-sea CO2 fluxes and ocean surface pCO2 in the North Atlantic and to understand trends in the North Atlantic carbon sink over this time period. The model indicates that the North Atlantic carbon sink increased from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. Consistent with observations, the model output indicates large changes in the physical and chemical systems of the basin. An analysis of the changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), alkalinity (ALK), and sea-surface temperature (SST), combined with model-derived DIC tendency terms, allow for an investigation of the mechanisms that dominate the spatial variability and magnitude of the trends in the air-sea fluxes and pCO2. Modeled parameters compare favorably with available data from the Bermuda Atlantic Time Series in the subtropical gyre and the SURATLANT volunteer observation ship data in the subpolar gyre. Subtropical changes are controlled primarily by changes in sea-surface temperature. Subpolar changes in pCO2 are instead driven dynamically, primarily through changing vertical supply of DIC. The amplitude of the ocean pCO2 and air-sea flux trends are largely related to the increase in atmospheric CO2, but changes to the forcing and circulation of the North Atlantic during this period set the spatial patterns. Model changes are consistent with variation in the North Atlantic Oscillation over the period of study.
Predictors of falls among community-dwelling older adults with cancer: results from the health and retirement study

Purpose Cancer symptoms and the side effects of its treatment can increase the risk of falling among older adults with cancer. This study aimed to identify predictors of falling and recurrent falls among community-dwelling older adults with cancer over a 2-year period.
CLASSIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF HYPOPHYSEAL DISORDERS

Experimental evidence, including injection experimentation, extirpation, etc., has given remarkably contradictory effects. Some workers ascribe certain functions to one lobe, and others the same function to a different lobe; and still others ascribe all resultant disturbance to perihypophyseal injury, or to the stalk alone. Out of this heterogeneous mass of contradictory evidence have come many classifications. The most notable classification is that of Gushing (1), which describes all conditions of perverted pituitary function as dyspituitarism, subdivided into five groups: Group I. Cases of dyspituitarism in which not only the sign3 indicating distortion of neighboring structures, but also the symptoms betraying the effects of altered glaudular activity, are prominent; Group II. Cases in which the neighborhood manifestations are pronounced, but the glandular symptoms are absent or inconspicuous; Group III. Cases in which neighborhood manifestations are absent or inconspicuous, though glandular symptoms ...
A graphical criterion for the identification of causal effects in linear models

This paper concerns the assessment of direct causal effects from a combination of: (i) non-experimental data, and (ii) qualitative domain knowledge. Domain knowledge is encoded in the form of a directed acyclic graph (DAG), in which all interactions are assumed linear, and some variables are presumed to be unobserved. The paper establishes a sufficient criterion for the identifiability of all causal effects in such models as well as a procedure for estimating the causal effects from the observed covariance matrix.
Predicting the consequences of alternative harvest regulations in a sequential fishery.

Abstract Management of the fishery for chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha on the Yukon River is complicated by the lack of accurate preseason forecasts, limited information on the determinants of the dynamics of unit stocks, harvesting effort directed at a mixture of stocks, joint harvesting of chum salmon O. keta, and the sequential availability of the returning fish to subsistence, commercial, and sport fishers in Alaska and Canada. A stochastic simulation model was developed and used to examine the consequences of eight alternative strategies for setting commercial catch limits. The merit of each strategy was judged by three criteria: probability of satisfying escapement objectives, probability of simultaneously satisfying escapement and subsistence harvest objectives and the probability of also reaching commercial harvest goals. The results indicate that without improved preseason forecasts, subsistence and commercial catch objectives cannot be consistently achieved in the upper Yukon River unles...
Nonlinear judgment analysis: Comparing policy use by those who draft and those who coach

Abstract Objectives In the NBA draft, talent potential is assessed by a group of evaluators (e.g., coaches, personnel directors, general managers) who determine the order in which players are drafted, and talent actualization is assessed by a second group of evaluators (coaches) who determine how much time players spend on the court. This study examines the cue use by these two groups and considers the utility of a nonlinear assessment technique. Method The implicit policies used by talent evaluators were examined using both linear regression and nonlinear backpropagation. Results Although both groups heavily value scoring, discrepancies were observed among the other characteristics. The use of a nonlinear technique produced better cross-validated fits than linear regression, but the rank ordering of cue importance produced by both models was generally similar. Conclusions Players favored by draft personnel primarily become scorers whereas coaches value a wider range of skills. The nonlinear approach better captured the policies of groups of evaluators and should be used to assess potential incongruities among judges of talent.
Finding reusable UML sequence diagrams automatically

In general, software reuse is defined as "the process of creating software systems from existing software". Software reuse does more than improve productivity in software development; it also increases the quality of the resulting software systems because it uses validated artifacts. However, requirements reuse lacks tool support. Techniques for retrieving, adapting, and consolidating reusable requirements have received relatively little attention in comparison with all the work on software reuse. The work in this area has not made sufficient progress to date to determine whether such approaches may be practical and may scale up. Our REUSER project seeks to address this tool gap by seamlessly assisting analysts as they reuse UML (Unified Modeling Language) artifacts. In particular, it automates artifact retrieval.
The use of ally-trenbolone as a progestational agent to maintain pregnancy in ovariectomized bitches

The administration of the synthetic progestogen, allytrenbolone, at a dose of 0.088 mg/kg/d per os successfully maintained pregnancy in 3 of 3 bitches ovariectomized at 34 to 42 d of gestation and in 1 of 3 ovariectomized on Day 8 or 9 of gestation. However, a dose of 0.044 mg/kg/d per os maintained pregnancy in only 2 of 6 bitches ovariectomized in mid-gestation. Two bitches that had ovariectomies performed on Day 9 of gestation and were supplemented with ally-trenbolone at a dose of 0.088 mg/kg/d per os did not establish a pregnancy that was detectable by mid-gestation. Although inhibited the first 2 d post partum in some bitches, lactation increased sufficiently to successfully maintain pups.
Novel presentation of a fourth branchial cleft anomaly in a male infant

Fourth branchial cleft anomalies are rare congenital disorders of the neck. We describe a case involving a unique presentation of this entity as well as a review of the literature concerning its management.
Grafting of vinyl polymers to carboxylated poly(arylene ether sulfone) utilizing barton ester intermediates and nitroxide mediation

Esters of N-hydroxypyridine-2-thione (Barton esters, BE) were appended to a carboxylated poly(arylene ether sulfone), PSF-COOH, backbone. Irradiation of the polymer bound Barton ester in monomer/DMF solution initiated a free radical graft polymerization at 25°C without promoting concomitant homopolymerization. The following monomers were grafted to PSF backbones using this technique: styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl pyridine and acrylamide. Since the grafts are attached to the backbone by an ester linkage, the graft segments were cleaved and subjected to independent characterization. Graft length is dependent upon the [BE]/[M], and the degree of BE substitution on the backbone. Treatment of BE modified PSF with styrene in the presence of TEMPO afforded the corresponding TEMPO adducts, which were used to promote the controlled radical graft polymerization of styrene.
In-vivo experession of a C-type RNA virus in rat ventral prostate epithelial cells

During evaluation of a procedure for separating rat ventral prostate epithelial from connective tissue cells, isolated fractions were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Characteristic C-type RNA viruses were seen budding from or in close proximity to the plasma membranes of isolated epithelial cells. Dissociation of rat prostate cells and concentration of the epithelial fraction facilitated detection of this virus.
Physiological and pharmacological significance of glutathione-conjugate transport.

Transport of the glutathione conjugates (GS-E) of electrophilic compounds generated during biotransformation of drugs and environmental pollutants is central to the mechanisms of defense against oxidative/electrophilic stress. In recent years emphasis has been placed on ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins in the transport of GS-E and their involvement in the detoxification mechanisms, including drug resistance. Recent studies, however, suggested that the majority of GS-E transport in human and rodent cells is mediated by a non-ABC, multifunctional stress-response protein, RLIP76 or RalBP1 (ral-binding GTPase activating protein 1), which also functions as an effector in the Ral-Ras-Rho signaling pathway. In this review, after briefly describing the major discoveries in the field of glutathione (GSH)-conjugate transport, recent findings are presented on the role of RLIP76 in ATP-dependent transport of GS-E, and the relevance of this transport process to the mechanisms of toxicity of xenobiotics, r...
Infrared complex refractive indices for nopinone

[1] Complex refractive indices for nopinone have been inverted from the mid-infrared spectra of laboratory generated aerosols. The particles were formed via homogeneous nucleation, injected into a laminar flow cell, and analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The inversion was initiated by using a thin-film spectrum of nopinone to obtain an estimate of the imaginary component of the frequency-dependent refractive indices. The corresponding real components were then determined through the Kramers-Kronig transformation. The refractive indices were then used in a weighted Mie scattering calculation to fit nopinone aerosol extinction spectra that showed evidence of scattering. The inversion results were averaged together to produce the data set reported here from 750 to 5000 cm−1. The nopinone refractive indices are also compared to those reported for carvone, a biosynthesized keto-monoterpene.
An empirical analysis of the brand personality effect

Purpose – Seeks to provide empirical support for the “brand personality effect”, that is, the direct influence that brand personality will have on a variety of consumer‐driven outcomes.Design/methodology/approach – Tests a series of hypotheses using experimental research design with 192 subjects.Findings – Support is found for all proposed hypotheses. These findings indicate that brand personality will have a positive influence on product evaluations and that subjects exposed to a brand's personality will have a significantly greater number of brand associations; significantly greater proportion of brand associations; significantly greater unique brand associations; significantly greater proportion of congruent brand associations; and significantly greater proportion of strong brand associations.Practical implications – This paper conceptually establishes brand personality and empirically demonstrates the brand personality effect on consumer‐based outcomes. This finding strengthens the brand personality l...
FETO-MATERNAL AND FETO-FETAL TRANSFER OF I-131 GAMMA GLOBULIN IN THE RAT.

SummaryI-131 rat gamma globulin was shown to pass from the mother to the fetuses in utero, during the 24 hour period following injection of 3 maternal rats. I-131 gamma globulin was also shown to pass from the fetuses in utero into the maternal circulation, and thence into the circulation of the non-injected fetuses, following injection of fetuses in utero in 2 pregnant rats.
Optimal nonlinear estimation

For the nonlinear estimation problem with nonlinear plant and observation models, white gaussian excitations and continuous data, the state-vector a-posteriori probabilities for prediction, and smoothing are obtained via the "partition theorem". Moreover, for the special class of nonlinear estimation problems with linear models excited by white gaussian noise, and with nongaussian initial state, explicit results are obtained for the a-posteriori probabilities, the optimal estimates, and the corresponding error-covariance matrices for filtering, prediction, and smoothing. In addition, for the latter problem, approximate but simpler expressions are obtained by using a gaussian sum approximation of the initial state-vector probability density. As a special case of the above results, optimal linear smoothing algorithms are obtained in a new form.
Motor control of the jamming avoidance response of Apteronotus leptorhynchus: evolutionary changes of a behavior and its neuronal substrates.

The two closely related gymnotiform fishes, Apteronotus and Eigenmannia, share many similar communication and electrolocation behaviors that require modulation of the frequency of their electric organ discharges. The premotor linkages between their electrosensory system and their medullary pacemaker nucleus, which controls the repetition rate of their electric organ discharges, appear to function differently, however. In the context of the jamming avoidance response, Eigenmannia can raise or lower its electric organ discharge frequency from its resting level. A normally quiescent input from the diencephalic prepacemaker nucleus can be recruited to raise the electric organ discharge frequency above the resting level. Another normally active input, from the sublemniscal prepacemaker nucleus, can be inhibited to lower the electric organ discharge frequency below the resting level (Metzner 1993). In contrast, during a jamming avoidance response, Apteronotus cannot lower its electric organ discharge frequency below the resting level. The sublemniscal prepacemaker is normally completely inhibited and release of this inhibition allows the electric organ discharge frequency to rise during the jamming avoidance response. Further inhibition of this nucleus cannot lower the electric organ discharge frequency below the resting level. Lesions of the diencephalic prepacemaker do not affect performance of the jamming avoidance response. Thus, in Apteronotus, the sublemniscal prepacemaker alone controls the change of the electric organ discharge frequency during the jamming avoidance response.
Induced sexual maturation of the European eel Anguilla anguilla and fertilisation of the eggs

Abstract The aim of the present study was to induce sexual maturation in females of the European eel Anguilla anguilla using a protocol similar to that successful for Anguilla japonica . Inducing maturation in the female European eel has proven difficult in the extreme, as only one research group has so far reported fertilisation with subsequent embryonic and larval development in A. anguilla . The present study performed two experiments. In experiment A, the 10 surviving females received a weekly injection with salmon pituitary extract (SPE) at a dose of 18.2 mg pituitary powder per week and fish, and in experiment B, females were injected twice weekly and received a dose of 36.4 mg pituitary per fish and week. Only two experiment B fish had viable eggs. In both experiments, final oocyte maturation and ovulation was induced by injection of 17,20 β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) at about 2 μg/g body weight. Maturation time was 16–25 weeks in experiment A and 7.5–11.5 weeks in experiment B. In the final stages of oocyte maturation, female A. anguilla showed highly individual rates of oocyte development, and as injection protocol depended on oocyte development, six protocols had to be used. The only protocol which resulted in fertilisation of eggs with subsequent development of larval bodies—and in one case hatching, although delayed, of larvae—was weekly SPE injection followed ca. 40 h later by an extra SPE injection (18.2 mg pituitary powder), 10 h after which DHP was injected.
Study methods, recruitment, sociodemographic findings, and demographic representativeness in the OPPERA study.

Abstract This paper describes methods used in the project “Orofacial Pain Prospective Evaluation and Risk Assessment” (OPPERA) and evaluates sociodemographic characteristics associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in the OPPERA case-control study. Representativeness was investigated by comparing sociodemographic profiles of OPPERA participants with population census profiles of counties near study sites and by comparing age and gender associations with TMD in OPPERA and the 2007 to 2009 US National Health Interview Survey. Volunteers aged 18 to 44 years were recruited at 4 US study sites: 3,263 people without TMD were enrolled into the prospective cohort study; 1,633 of them were selected as controls for the baseline case-control study. Cases were 185 volunteers with examiner-classified TMD. Distributions of some demographic characteristics among OPPERA participants differed from census profiles, although there was less difference in socioeconomic profiles. Odds of TMD was associated with greater age in this 18 to 44 year range; females had 3 times the odds of TMD as males; and relative to non-Hispanic-Whites, other racial groups had one-fifth the odds of TMD. Age and gender associations with chronic TMD were strikingly similar to associations observed in the US population. Assessments of representativeness in this demographically diverse group of community volunteers suggest that OPPERA case-control findings have good internal validity. Perspective Demographic associations with TMD were consistent with population benchmarks and with other studies, suggesting broad applicability of these OPPERA findings. Greater occurrence of TMD in non-Hispanic-Whites than in other racial/ethnic groups and the lack of a socioeconomic gradient contradicts the disparities seen in many other health conditions.
EQUATIONS FOR THE MOTION OF AIRBORNE POLLEN GRAINS NEAR THE OVULATE ORGANS OF WIND‐POLLINATED PLANTS

A technique is presented that is capable of predicting the motion of airborne pollen grains and the probability of pollen capture by wind-pollinated plants. Equations for the motion of rigid-walled particles (= pollen grains, spores, or Sephadex beads) in a supporting, compressible fluid (= air) are derived from the first principles of fluid dynamics. These equations are incorporated into a computer program (MODEL) which can be used with a desktop computer. The operation of MODEL requires empirical data on the pattern of airflow or the motion of a pollen species around the surfaces of the taxonomically relevant ovulate plant organ. With this information, MODEL can predict the behavior of any pollen species for which physical properties (size and density) are specified or empirically known. The significance of this procedure lies in the quantification of physical phenomena that influence the mechanics and fluid dynamics of pollen capture in wind pollination. The technique is illustrated and tested by its application to two grass species (Setaria geniculata and Agrostis hiemalis) for which velocity fields of pollen motion have been previously reported. THIS PAPER iS concerned with quantitatively
Open inflation with an arbitrary false vacuum mass.

We calculate the power spectrum of adiabatic density perturbations in an open inflationary model in which inflation occurs in two stages. First an epoch of old inflation creates a large, smooth universe, solving the horizon and homogeneity problems. Then an open universe emerges through the nucleation of a single bubble, with constant density hypersurfaces inside the bubble having constant negative spatial curvature. An epoch of `slow roll' inflation, shortened to give $\Omega _0<1$ today, occurs within the bubble, which contains our entire observable universe. In this paper we compute the resulting density perturbations in the same `new thin wall' approximation used in a previous paper, but for an arbitrary positive mass of the inflaton field in the false vacuum.
Threats to observers, keepers, visitors, and others by zoo mangabeys ( Cercocebus galeritus chrysogaster )

The facial threats of ten captive golden-bellied mangabeys (Cercocebus galeritus chrysogaster) were categorized by object threatened. Adult males threatened more than did females except when the object was a nonhuman primate in a neighboring cage. Juvenile mangabeys threatened mainly in play within their own enclosures. Keepers and observers did not differ in frequency of being threatened by the mangabeys. Adult female mangabeys seemed more concerned with neighboring cages of nonhuman primates than were the juveniles and the males. Human visitors to the enclosures received by far the most threats of any targets, certainly far more than the observers and keepers. They were treated like interlopers. Keepers were treated like familiar conspecifics, observers like familiar neighbors. The implications of these findings for captive management of primates and for observational methods in behavioral primatology are discussed.
Akinetic mutism: Pharmacologic probe of the dopaminergic mesencephalofrontal activating system

Four children who exhibited akinetic mutism during the course of their neurologic diseases were treated with bromocriptine. Reversal of the akinetic mute states was evident in all patients. Pathways of the dopaminergic neurons are reviewed and a clinically useful mechanism which causes akinetic mutism is postulated.
Dimensional change correlations for 20% cold-worked AISI 316 stainless steel for fusion applications

Abstract Correlations developed for void swelling and irradiation creep often arise from two separate data bases and sometimes are not well-matched, reflecting apparently minor but actually significant differences in environmental history. Previously published correlations are very empirical in nature and reflect prevailing misconceptions about the parametric sensitivity of swelling and irradiation creep. In this study a well-defined data base for swelling of 20% cold-worked AISI 316 is used in conjunction with the latest insights on swelling and creep to develop two matched dimensional change correlations for temperatures in the range of 300 to 650 °C. The new creep model, in particular, is much simpler than the complicated empirical correlation published earlier for this steel.
Lanthanides in organic synthesis. Synthesis of bicyclicalcohols.

Abstract Lanthanide reducing agents have been found to effectively promote intramolecular alkylation reactions to provide the corresponding bicyclic alcohols in excellent yields.
Radical reactions of thiamin pyrophosphate in 2-oxoacid oxidoreductases

Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) is essential in carbohydrate metabolism in all forms of life. TPP-dependent decarboxylation reactions of 2-oxo-acid substrates result in enamine adducts between the thiazolium moiety of the coenzyme and decarboxylated substrate. These central enamine intermediates experience different fates from protonation in pyruvate decarboxylase to oxidation by the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes, the pyruvate oxidases, and 2-oxoacid oxidoreductases. Virtually all of the TPP-dependent enzymes, including pyruvate decarboxylase, can be assayed by 1-electron redox reactions linked to ferricyanide. Oxidation of the enamines is thought to occur via a 2-electron process in the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes, wherein acyl group transfer is associated with reduction of the disulfide of the lipoamide moiety. However, discrete 1-electron steps occur in the oxidoreductases, where one or more [4Fe-4S] clusters mediate the electron transfer reactions to external electron acceptors. These radical intermediates can be detected in the absence of the acyl-group acceptor, coenzyme A (CoASH). The π-electron system of the thiazolium ring stabilizes the radical. The extensively delocalized character of the radical is evidenced by quantitative analysis of nuclear hyperfine splitting tensors as detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and by electronic structure calculations. The second electron transfer step is markedly accelerated by the presence of CoASH. While details of the second electron transfer step and its facilitation by CoASH remain elusive, expected redox properties of potential intermediates limit possible scenarios. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Radical SAM enzymes and Radical Enzymology.
Image subtraction approach to screening one-bead-one-compound combinatorial libraries with complex protein mixtures.

To screen one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial bead libraries,1 one generally uses tagged purified protein as the screening probe. Compound beads that interact with the purified protein are then identified, for example, via an enzyme-linked colorimetric assay, and isolated for structure determination. In this report, we demonstrate a rapid and efficient method to screen OBOC combinatorial libraries utilizing two protein mixtures as screening probes, and by comparing optical images of the beads stained by one protein mixture but not the other, ligand beads unique to one of the two protein mixtures can be identified. The significance of this method is that it allows for rapid selection of ligands directed against proteins unique to one mixture while screening out positive beads resulting from proteins common to both mixtures as well as beads that are positive as a result of interactions with chemical and protein components found in the assay itself. The method is fast, efficient, and uses off-the-shel...
THE ACCUMULATION OF IRON IN TUBERCULOUS AREAS : II. SURVIVAL TIME OF TUBERCULOUS RABBITS INJECTED WITH FERRIC CHLORIDE.

Repeated intravenous injections of ferric chloride are followed by an increase in the survival time of tuberculous rabbits. In the particular series of experiments reported this increase amounts to about 78 per cent over the average survival time of control rabbits. Tuberculous animals repeatedly injected with ferric chloride increase in weight during part of the period of these injections. The level reached in the series studied markedly exceeds that attained by control rabbits. Both control and experimental animals die of generalized tuberculosis. There is no indication at the time of death of any differences in the degree of pathological involvement between the two groups of animals.
Application of chemically enhanced vapour etching in the fabrication on nanostructures

The technique of chemically enhanced vapour etching (CEVE) has been used in the fabrication of ultra-thin CoSi 2 wires on Si substrates. Essential aspects of the CEVE method are first summarized. We then demonstrate the application of the technique in the selective patteming of SiO 2 covered with a monolayer of organic acid. Parallel studies of thin Co layers directly deposited on (111) and (100) Si substrates were employed to optimize the CoSi 2 growth conditions. Conductance measurements of the CoSi 2 thin films and patterned wires are briefly discussed.
Two Adenovirus Serotype 3 Outbreaks Associated with Febrile Respiratory Disease and Pharyngoconjunctival Fever in Children under 15 Years of Age in Hangzhou, China, during 2011

Adenovirus serotype 3 and 7 outbreaks have occurred periodically in northern, eastern, and southern China since 1955, but there has been no report since the adenovirus serotype 7 outbreak first occurred in Hangzhou, China, in 1991. Here we explored the epidemiology and etiology of two adenovirus serotype 3 outbreaks in Hangzhou in 2011. One acute respiratory outbreak was found in Chun'an County, where a total of 371 cases were confirmed in 5 of 23 towns from 4 to 31 May 2011. The outbreak affected 18.57% (13/70) of schools and 14.49% (90/621) of classes. The incidence was 5.18% (371/7,163). The population was distributed among individuals ages 7 to 15 years. No parents or teachers were infected. Another pharyngoconjunctival fever outbreak was discovered in the Chenjinglun Swimming Center located in the Xihu District between 1 and 15 July 2011. A total of 134 cases were confirmed in 900 amateur swimmers, with an incidence of 14.89% (134/900). The ages ranged from 4 to 9 years. The two outbreaks had no severe complications or death. The viruses in 66.67% (10/15) of throat swabs from children with acute respiratory infections and 100% (10/10) of the swabs from children with pharyngoconjunctival fever were confirmed to be adenovirus serotype 3 with 100% homology by PCR. Of these samples, 60.0% (12/20) had a classical characteristic cytopathic effect, presented as grape-like clusters at 72 h after infection in HEp-2 cells. In conclusion, the acute respiratory infection and pharyngoconjunctival fever outbreak in Hangzhou were caused by the completely homologous type 3 adenovirus in subgenus B. Moreover, these outbreaks demonstrated rapid transmission rates, possibly due to close contact and droplet transmission.
Respiratory System Compliance and Aeration with the Addition of Perfluorocarbon to Replacement Surfactant in Preterm Rabbits

Respiratory System Compliance and Aeration with the Addition of Perfluorocarbon to Replacement Surfactant in Preterm Rabbits
The role of the noradrenergic system on the formation of synapses in the visual cortex of the rat.

Abstract The influence of norepinephrine on cortical synaptogenesis was examined in the visual cortex of rats whose noradrenergic afferents were selectively eliminated with 6-hydroxydopamine. Extensive synapse counts showed a significantly higher synaptic density in the cortex of the 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats compared to control littermates. This increase was most pronounced during the first week of postnatal life. The results suggest an inhibitory role for norepinephrine in synaptogenesis.
Manufacturability Feedback and Model Correction for Additive Manufacturing

Additive manufacturing, or 3d printing, is the process of building three dimensional solid shapes by accumulating material laid out in sectional layers. Additive manufacturing has been recognized for enabling production of complex custom parts that are difficult to manufacture otherwise. However, the dependence on build orientation and physical limitations of printing processes invariably lead to geometric deviations between manufactured and designed shapes that are usually evaluated after manufacture. In this paper, we formalize the measurement of such deviations in terms of a printability map that simulates the printing process and partitions each printed layer into disjoint regions with distinct local measures of size. We show that manufacturing capabilities such as printing resolution, and material specific design recommendations such as minimal feature sizes may be coupled in the printability map to evaluate expected deviations before manufacture. Furthermore, we demonstrate how partitions with size measures below required resolutions may be modified using properties of the medial axis transform, and use the corrected printability map to construct a representation of the manufactured model. We conclude by discussing several applications of the printability map for additive manufacturing.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Electron Spin Resonance of Free Radicals Formed from Group-IV and Group-V Hydrides in Inert Matrices at Low Temperature

The electron-spin-resonance spectra of molecular free radicals formed from the group-IV and group-V hydrides at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in the xenon matrix have been observed and compared with those observed in krypton and other matrices. From these spectra, certain properties of the free radicals and certain matrix effects have been derived. Molecular free radicals formed by $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ irradiation of a matrix containing P${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ or As${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ are P${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and As${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, respectively. From analysis of the hyperfine structure, the P-bonding orbitals of P${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ were found to have 20.6% $3s$ character in the Xe matrix, compared with 19% in the Kr matrix. Because of anisotropies in the coupling and in the $g$ tensor the hyperfine structure of As${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ could not be measured. In the Xe matrix the average $g$ is 2.0050 for P${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, and 2.034 for As${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$. No spectra could be observed for Sb${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, although evidence for dissociation of Sb${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ was indicated by the strong H-atom lines observed for a $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-irradiated sample of Sb${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ in the Xe matrix. Molecular free radicals formed by $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ irradiation of the group-IV hydrides are C${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$, Si${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$, Ge${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$, and Sn${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$. The observed hyperfine structure caused by the isotopes $^{29}\mathrm{Si}$, $^{73}\mathrm{Ge}$, and $^{117,119}\mathrm{Sn}$ indicate that the radicals Si${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$, Ge${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$, and Sn${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ are not planar like C${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$, but are pyramidal in structure. Noticeable difference in the isotropic coupling of $^{29}\mathrm{Si}$ for the Kr matrix, 240 G, and for the Xe matrix, 190 G, indicates strong interaction of the matrix with the Si${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ radicals.
Reverse logistics: superior performance through focused resource commitments to information technology

Abstract A survey of businesses in the automobile aftermarket industry provided insights into how reverse logistics performance can be influenced by a few key strategic decisions. Resource commitment is critical to program performance. However, it is important that the resources be focused on developing information technology capabilities. This, no doubt, is reflective of the nature of reverse logistics. Information support––for authorizing, tracking, and handling returns––can positively impact both economic and service quality-related performance.
Cognitive Sex Differences and Mathematics and Science Achievement.

Spelke (December 2005, p. 950) considered “three claims that cognitive sex differences account for the differential representation of men and women in high-level careers in mathematics and science.” The focus of this comment is on the claim regarding gender differences in mean levels of cognitive abilities. Spelke claimed (p. 954) that “most investigators of sex differences have concluded that males and females have equal cognitive ability, with somewhat different profiles.” There are two major components to this comment. The first is mainly theoretical, and the second is both theoretical and empirical. The first component has to do with the basis for asserting that males and females have “equal cognitive ability.” The problem with this assertion is that since the early 1900s, modern intelligence researchers and theorists have documented extensively mean sex differences on many, if not most, cognitive ability measures. For some abilities, the differences between the sex groups is small (e.g., as in the case of abstract reasoning—see Lynn & Irwing, 2005), but for other abilities the differences are quite large (e.g., mechanical reasoning; see Halpern, 2000). As a result, whether males or females have higher mean general intelligence depends on the operationalization of the content of the tests selected to assess cognitive ability. Early test developers realized this problem but dealt with it in two strikingly different fashions. Yerkes, Bridges, and Hardwick (1915) concluded that these differences required separate norms for males and females:
The domestic goat: A useful model to determine effects of diet and exercise on cholesterol accumulation in the body☆

1. Young goats were used to study factors contributing to atherosclerosis. 2. Cholesterol in egg yolk affected plasma cholesterol concentration more than did a similar amount of crystalline cholesterol in the diet. 3. Goats fed high fat diets developed fatty lesions in their aortas. 4. Cholesterol concentration in low-density lipoprotein was greatest in goats fed restricted-calorie diets without exercise, but least in goats fed liberally and exercised. 5. Cholesterol concentration in liver and fat deposition in aorta were greatest in the restricted-calorie, no exercise regime.
Poverty and proximity to food assistance programs are inversely related to community food security in an Appalachian Ohio region.

This study was conducted to explore indicators of community food security of the largest areas of census in the south east Appalachian counties of Ohio. A survey of 80 cities, towns, and townships in the south east Appalachian counties of Ohio (1 metropolitan and 7 rural counties) for 38 indicators of community food security (general community characteristics, community food resources, community resource accessibility, community food production) was conducted. Each area of census was ranked using principal components factor analysis to determine overall community food security status. Spearman's rank correlation was used to determine the relationship of each indicator with the final community food security ranking. Community food security was significantly related to poverty rate and other factors related to available resources, including income and transportation, and proximity of food and nutrition assistance programs. This study enhances our understanding of community food security in Appalachian Ohio,...
Dynamic processes in music perception.

A schema-based theory of music perception that describes the dynamic interaction between the musical event and the listener’s knowledge of the underlying regularities in tonal music is proposed. Three properties of musical schema are evaluated in a recognition memory experiment: (1) The schema engages a subset of the abstract knowledge system that is determined by the predominant key of the musical sequence, (2) the schema evaluates both interval relations and the functions of the sounded elements within the established tonal framework, and (3) the schema interacts continuously with the musical event in time to process pitch information in its temporal context. Listeners are required to identify the serial position of a chord that is changed between two successive chord sequences that are otherwise identical. The experiment measures the magnitude and the temporal extent of the disruptive effect of including in the sequence an element outside the tonal framework. The results show temporally specific effects on memory for pitch relations consistent with the operation of a musical schema. Comparisons are made with schema-based theories applied in other perceptual and cognitive domains.
Common bile duct stone characteristics: correlation with treatment choice during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Determining the most appropriate management approach for patients with unsuspected choledocholithiasis may be difficult because of the subjective nature of this decision in the absence of clinical data. Treatment of incidental choledocholithiasis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy was reviewed during a 25-month period. Operative cholangiograms were analyzed retrospectively to determine if associations exist between common bile duct stone characteristics and the intraoperative treatment selected by the operating surgeon. Cholangiographic data included quantification of common bile duct stones, stone dimension, position, and presence of radiopaque contrast flow into the duodenum. Two hundred thirty-six laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients underwent operative cholangiography; 25 (11%) demonstrated choledocholithiasis. Seven patients were converted to open common bile duct exploration (group I), 16 patients were referred for postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (group II), and two patients were observed (group III). Evaluation of the operative cholangiograms revealed multiple common bile duct stones (> 1) in 86% (6 of 7) in group I, 25% (4 of 16) in group II, and none in group III. All patients in group I had at least one stone larger than 5 ml in greatest diameter, whereas only 33 % (6 of 18) in groups II and III combined had stones larger than 5 ml. Group I had significantly (P = 0.027) more representation of delayed or no contrast flow during operative cholangiography compared to groups II and III. The intraoperative decision to proceed with laparoscopic cholecystectomy and rely on postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for stone retrieval rather than open common bile duct exploration was associated with (1) a single common bile duct stone, less than or equal to 5 ml in size on operative cholangiogram and (2) normal contrast flow into the duodenum. Open common bile duct exploration was more frequently associated with the demonstration of multiple or large (>5 ml) stones. A periampullary stone did not discriminate among treatment choices.
A facile synthesis of simple tetronic acids and pulvinones

Abstract Condensation of the dianions derived from simple α-hydroxyketones and 1,2-diketones with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole provides a facile one step synthesis of tetronic acids and pulvinones.
Resonance raman effect of S3− doped in a NaCl single crystal

Abstract The dependence of the intensity of the v 1 Raman band of S 3 − at 531 cm −1 on the frequency of the exciting radiation was measured in the region 4765–5145 A and at 6328 A. The NaCl lattice mode band at ≈ 350 cm −1 was used as an internal intensity standard. The results could not be rationalized on the basis of current theories.
Microtubular Discontinuities as Acquired Ciliary Defects in Airway Epithelium of Patients with Chronic Respiratory Diseases

A critical relationship exists between ordered ciliary ultrastructure and optimal mucociliary clearance in the respiratory airways. Structurally defective cilia derived from heritable syndromes or from epithelial cell injury may promote or exacerbate chronic disease processes. A lesion of airway epithelial cilia characterized by microtubular discontinuities and previously associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) has been documented in other forms of chronic airways diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Nasal cilia obtained by curettage of the inferior nasal turbinate from 89 patients without CF but exhibiting symptoms favoring PCD were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Of the 89 patients in the study group, 19 (21.4%) were diagnosed with PCD. Among the PCD patients, 16 (84.2%) exhibited microtubular discontinuities. Nine patients from this group without ultrastructural evidence of PCD also exhibited these defects, however. Furthermore, seven of eight nasal biopsy specimens from pa...
EXSED: An Intelligent Tool for Exploration of Social Events Dynamics from Augmented Trajectories

The dynamics of social events happening in large metropolitan areas are extremely complex. Location-based user generated data could be an exceptionally rich source of information about events, however the vastness and the heterogeneity of such information makes it almost impossible for city managers to have a comprehensive view. Some events are planned and advertised only among restricted communities, for many it is problematic to estimate the number of attendees, and in general it is very difficult to have information about citizen mobility in areas nearby or where events happen. In this paper, we describe EXSED, an interactive intelligent tool to support the visual exploration of social events dynamics along the spatial, temporal and organizational dimensions. Major functionalities include: (i) studying events that are either officially/unofficially planned and with global/local scope; (ii) extract discussion topics for an event and investigate their temporal and spatial profile; (iii) estimate event attendees and correlate their mobility patterns with the event evolution. We present preliminary results of a field study with officials from Dublin City Council (Ireland), who evaluated our tool on real world user-generated tweeter data and events in the city.