cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Womb With a View.

Measurement of carotid wall thickness is a research tool that has been used to risk-stratify adults with cardiovascular disease,1 but its clinical role is debatable according to the current American Heart Association guidelines.2 However, an increased aortic wall thickness has been described in individuals born small for gestational age (SGA) in early childhood, implying that they may be at risk for later cardiovascular events3 and more latterly increased intima-media thickness (IMT) reported in smaller vessels in these children. These findings are in support of the developmental origins hypothesis, linking an adverse intrauterine environment to the development of later disease. See Article by Olander et al The article by Olander et al4 in this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging has used higher frequency ultrasound than previously described (between 35 and 55 Hz) to image the vascular walls of neonates and reached different conclusions, finding no evidence of increased IMT or intima-media adventitial thickness (IMAT) in babies born SGA. This raises the question whether IMT or IMAT has been reliably characterized in small babies using lower frequency ultrasound, particularly as an abnormal finding may have resulted in increased surveillance in childhood or perhaps the offer of early preventative treatment. In this article, the authors have imaged the carotid, brachial, and femoral arteries and report vessel diameters, IMT, and IMAT in 3 groups of babies below 1 week of age: appropriate, small, and large for gestational age. They calculated carotid wall stress and examined the association of measurements with sex, gestational age, and a variety of ratios combining somatic and vessel parameters. They describe an association between lumen diameters and carotid wall stress and body size and a weaker association of these with gestational age and male sex. In spite of the high prevalence of maternal disease in the …
3 Tbit/s (160 Gbit/s/spl times/19 ch) OTDM/WDM transmission experiment

3 Tbit/s (160 Gbit/s/spl times/19 channels) optical signal is successfully transmitted over 40 km dispersion-shifted fiber. Low noise supercontinuum signal pulse sources and 70 nm bandwidth tellurite-based optical amplifiers are used for 3 Tbit/s signal generation and amplification.
Nuclear Families in a Nuclear Age: Theorising the Family in 1950s West Germany

This essay explores the imagination of the family in 1950s West Germany, where the family emerged at the heart of political, economic and moral reconstruction. To uncover the intellectual origins of familialism, the essay presents trans-war intellectual biographies of Franz-Josef Wurmeling, Germany's first family minister, and Helmut Schelsky, the most prominent family sociologist of the period. Their stories demonstrate that the new centrality of the family was not a retreat from ideology, as is often argued, but was in fact a reinstatement of interwar ideologies in a new key: social Catholicism in the former case, National Socialism in the latter. These divergent trajectories explain why Wurmeling and Schelsky, despite being two central defenders of the family in the 1950s, could not work together. The essay follows their careers into the 1960s, suggesting that the fractious state of familialism in the 1950s helps us to understand its collapse in the face of the sexual revolution.
LACross: Learning-Based Analytical Cross-Platform Performance and Power Prediction

Fast and accurate performance and power prediction is a key challenge in pre-silicon design evaluations during the early phases of hardware and software co-development. Performance evaluation using full-system simulation is prohibitively slow, especially with real world applications. By contrast, analytical models are not sufficiently accurate or still require target-specific execution statistics that may be slow or difficult to obtain. In this paper, we present LACross, a learning-based cross-platform prediction technique aimed at predicting the time-varying performance and power of a benchmark on a target platform using hardware counter statistics obtained while running natively on a host platform. We employ a fine-grained phase-based approach, where the learning algorithm synthesizes analytical proxy models that predict the performance and power of the workload in each program phase from performance statistics obtained on the host. Our learning approach relies on a one-time training phase using a target reference model or real hardware. We train our models on less than 160 programs from the ACM ICPC database, and demonstrate prediction accuracy and speed on 35 programs from SPEC CPU2006, MiBench and SD-VBS benchmark suites. Results show that with careful choice of phase granularity, we can achieve on average over 97% performance and power prediction accuracy at simulation speeds of over 500 MIPS.
Experimental Evaluation and Thermodynamic System Modeling of Thermoelectric Heat Pump Clothes Dryer

Abstract Electric clothes dryers consume about 6% of US residential electricity consumption. Using a solid-state technology without refrigerant, thermoelectric (TE) heat pump dryers have the potential to be more efficient than units based on electric resistance and less expensive than units based on vapor compression. This paper presents a steady state TE dryer model, and validates the model against results from an experimental prototype. The system model is composed of a TE heat pump element model coupled with a psychrometric dryer sub-model. Experimental results had energy factors (EFs) of up to 2.95 kg of dry cloth per kWh (6.51 lbc/kWh), with a dry time of 159 min. A faster dry time of 96 min was also achieved at an EF of 2.54 kgc/kWh (5.60 lbc/kWh). The model was able to replicate the experimental results within 5% of EF and 5% of dry time values. The results are used to identify important parameters that affect dryer performance, such as relative humidity of air leaving the drum.
Locus of Control and Sense of Happiness: A Mediating Role of Self-Esteem

This study recruited 182 participants (126 female, 56 male) to complete a survey consisting of three scales examining the relationship between self-esteem, happiness, and locus of control (LOC) among high school students in Kuwait. It is recognized that the relationship between self-esteem, happiness, locus of control is complex: Internal LOC is related to rather high self-esteem; self-esteem is a powerful and important psychological factor in mental health and well-being; the feeling of being empowered is associated with significant achievements and high self-esteem; and strong and appropriate self-esteem is correlated with more internal LOC. A plenty of various empirical studies results have been analyzed in order to establish theoretical basis for empirical study. Data were collected using Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Locus of Control Scale (T. Petti). The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of self-esteem, exploring the relationships between self-esteem and happiness, and self-esteem and LOC.
Injuries, Violence, and Bullying Among Middle School Students in Oman.

Objectives Injuries account for a substantial proportion of the burden of disease in adolescents globally. This paper describes injury rates and associated exposures, and risk behaviors in Oman's 2010 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Methods This study used complex samples analysis to examine nationally-representative data from 1 606 students in grades eight, nine, and 10 who participated in the 2010 Oman GSHS. Results In total, 34.0% of the students reported having at least one injury in the past year that caused at least one full day abscence from usual activities or required medical treatment. The most common injury type reported was a broken bone or dislocated joint. The most common injury cause was falling. Additionally, 38.4% of the students reported being bullied in the past month, 38.8% reported being physically attacked in the past year, and 47.6% reported being in physical fights. Both injured boys and girls reported experiencing significantly more bullying, fights, and attacks (odds ratio > 2) than their non-injured classmates, even though only 9.6% of injured students reported that their most serious injury in the past year was the result of an assault, and students reporting assaults did not have significantly higher odds of exposure to these types of peer violence. More than half of the bullied students reported that the most frequent type of peer victimization they experienced was being made fun of with sexual jokes, comments, or gestures. Sexual bullying was the most common type of bullying reported by girls and boys. Conclusions Promoting healthier peer relationships may help to reduce injuries in this age group as well as reducing the harmful effects of bullying.
I Am Human Conflict and Adaptation

The following paper was part of an invited address given by Roger Ulrich at the National University of Mexico at a conference on "Human Conflict and Adoption in the City."
UNIXvisual: A Visualization Tool for Teaching UNIX Permissions

UNIXvisual is a user-level visualization tool designed to facilitate the study and teaching of access control in UNIX. UNIXvisual is aimed at both novice users, who need only to control access to their own files, and students of computer security, who need a deeper and more comprehensive understanding. The system allows students to analyze permission settings in the underlying real file system, as well as in a combination of real and pseudo file systems defined through a specification file. It also allows a student to trace the value and effect of credentials within an executing process. UNIXvisual gives instructors flexibility in the allocation of lecture time by supporting self-study, lowers the overhead required for teaching access control by running under an ordinary user account, and enhances learning through the use of visualization. We also present the results of an evaluation of UNIXvisual within a junior-level course on concurrent computing. The evaluation indicated that UNIXvisual helped students understand UNIX permissions and enhanced the course coverage of UNIX permissions, regardless of their prior UNIX experience.
Primary Cilia Signaling Shapes the Development of Interneuronal Connectivity

Summary Appropriate growth and synaptic integration of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons are essential for functional neural circuits in the brain. Here, we demonstrate that disruption of primary cilia function following the selective loss of ciliary GTPase Arl13b in interneurons impairs interneuronal morphology and synaptic connectivity, leading to altered excitatory/inhibitory activity balance. The altered morphology and connectivity of cilia mutant interneurons and the functional deficits are rescued by either chemogenetic activation of ciliary G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling or the selective induction of Sstr3, a ciliary GPCR, in Arl13b-deficient cilia. Our results thus define a specific requirement for primary cilia-mediated GPCR signaling in interneuronal connectivity and inhibitory circuit formation.
Patterns of care and outcomes of adjuvant therapy for high-risk head and neck cancer after surgery.

BACKGROUND Postoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is considered standard of care in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer with positive margins and/or extracapsular extension (ECE). METHODS The National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) was queried to identify patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with stages III to IVB disease or with positive margins and/or ECE diagnosed between 2004 and 2012 receiving postoperative radiotherapy (RT). Using univariable and multivariable logistic and Cox regression, we assessed for predictors of CRT use and covariables impacting overall survival (OS), including in a propensity-matched subset. RESULTS Of 12 224 patients, 67.1% with positive margins and/or ECE received CRT as well as 54.0% without positive margins and/or ECE. The 5-year OS was 61.6% for RT alone versus 67.4% for CRT. In the propensity-matched cohort, OS benefit persisted with CRT, including in a subset with positive margins and/or ECE but not without. CONCLUSION Postoperative CRT seems underutilized with positive margins and/or ECE and overutilized without positive margins and/or ECE. The CRT was associated with improved OS but the benefit persisted only in the subset with positive margins and/or ECE.
Controlling the Reliability of SRAM PUFs With Directed NBTI Aging and Recovery

As the Internet of Things continues to spread, devices within it are given more personal information which must be protected. To provide this protection, a device known as a physical unclonable function (PUF) has been devised which takes advantage of natural variations in silicon to create a unique fingerprint which can be used for secret key generation and authentication. This fingerprint is often based upon settlement of a race condition in competing circuits which is decided by process variations and noise. In this paper, we focus on the SRAM PUF, whose fingerprint is determined by the tendency of each cell to contain a 0 or 1 after it powers on. These cells are susceptible to negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) while storing data, which pushes their power-on tendencies away from the data they contain. We present a method by which the success rate of an SRAM to produce a correct fingerprint can be reduced to 0% in only one day using NBTI activated and accelerated by elevated voltage and temperature, followed by another method in which it can be restored to nearly 100% in less than two days using active, accelerated NBTI recovery with negative voltage and elevated temperature.
Genetic Control of Murine Resistance to SalmonellaTyphimurium Infection

Mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium develop a disease which is similar in its pathogenesis to typhoid fever (42). This facultative intracellular organism multiplies in the phagocytic cells of the murine reticuloendothelial cell system, and unrestricted bacterial growth results in death of the host. However, mice of various inbred strains differ in response to S. typhimurium infection. Some strains of mice invariably succumb to infection with < 10 organisms, whereas other strains survive challenge doses of ≥ 104 bacteria (21, 24). Webster, Schott and Gowen (9, 34, 39–41) were the first to recognize that this differential susceptibility was genetically regulated, and they subsequently developed salmonella-susceptible and resistant mouse strains (39). Although their pioneering work was performed in the 1930’s, the delineation of the genes involved in resistance to murine typhoid occurred only recently.
The Hirsch Lemma

In this chapter, we prove the main technical result from Chap. 12, namely, the result comparing principle bundles and Hirsch extensions.
Demographics, Comorbid Conditions, and Outcomes of Patients With Nonuremic Calciphylaxis.

This study analyzes medical records of patients with nonuremic calciphylaxis from the University of Washington Hospital System to evaluate demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, and outcomes.
Deducing Mucosal Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of the Anti-HIV Molecule Tenofovir from Measurements in Blood

Microbicide pharmacokinetic (PK) studies typically sample drug in luminal fluid, mucosal tissue, and blood. Blood measurements can be conducted most frequently, serially within subjects. Antiretroviral drugs, however, act against HIV in mucosal tissue/cells. We computationally modeled the extent measurements in blood can predict concentrations in tissue, focusing on the antiretroviral drug tenofovir delivered by a vaginal gel. Deterministic PK models input host and product factors and output spatiotemporal drug concentrations in luminal fluid, epithelium, stroma/host cells, and blood. Pharmacodynamic (PD) analysis referenced stroma/host cell concentrations to prophylactic values; summary metrics were time from product insertion to protection (tlag) and degree of protection (PPmax). Results incorporated host factors characteristic of population variability. Neural nets (NN) linked simulated blood PK metrics (Cmax, tmax, AUC, C24) to mucosal PK/PD metrics. The NNs delivered high-performance mapping of these multiparametric relationships. Given multi-log variability typical of biopsy data for tenofovir and other topical microbicides, results suggest downstream but higher fidelity measurements in blood could help improve determination of PK and create inferences about PD. Analysis here is for a tenofovir gel, but this approach offers promise for application to other microbicide modalities and to topical drug delivery to vaginal mucosa more generally.
Young Women's Sexuality in Black and White: Racial Differences in Appraisals of Sexually Active Young Women.

Evidence suggests that U.S. attitudes are increasingly accepting of young women’s rights to sexual self-expression and activity. However, such support may not be unequivocal or uniformly offered an...
Abstract P315: The Impact Of Neighborhood Factors On Hospital Readmission Among Depressed Patients With Systolic Heart Failure.

Introduction: Neighborhood factors such as walkability and proximity to stores, parks, and public transportation have been associated with obesity, diabetes, and physical activity level as well as ...
Identifying Truthful Language in Child Interviews

When a child is suspected to be the victim or sole witness of a crime, the manner in which information is gathered from the child becomes critical. A child forensic interview is the guided conversation that a legal expert conducts to elicit reliable information from a child. To help substantiate child testimony, it is important to discern characteristics of truthful and deceptive behavior in these interviews. The work presented uses various machine learning algorithms to identify differences in the speech of children when they are lying or being truthful, particularly when they have been asked by a confederate to deceive an interviewer. Results show that vocabulary and psycho-linguistic norms of a child’s language use, in response to directed questions, provide substantial information to outperform human adults in detecting truthful statements.
The study on water and sodium metabolism and survival state following the hypothalamic electrolytic lesion in rats

Objective By using a stereotaxic instrument,the rat model of hypothalamic electrolytic lesions was made in some objective parts by a direct current to observe the relationships among the extent of hypothalamic electrolytic lesions and metabolic changes of water/sodium and the surviving state of rats.Method Four groups were studied.The concentrations of the serum sodium and the 24h urine sodium before the lesion operation and at 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th,6th,7th days after operation were nleasured.The volume of the urine was recorded everyday,and the mortality within 3 days and the mortality within 7 days after operation were calculated.The brains were fixed and morphological changes were observed.Results In Group A1,the concentrations of the serum sodium at 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th.6th,7th days after operation were significantly higher than that before operation.In Group A2,the concentrations of the serum sodium at 1st,2nd days after operation were significantly lower than that before operation.The concentrations of the serum sodium at 2nd,3rd,4th,5th days after operation in Group A1 were significantly higher than that in Group B at the same time point.The 24h urine sodium at 3rd,4th,5th,6th days after operation in Group A1 were significantly lower than that in Group B at the same time point.The concentrations of the serum sodium after operation in Group A2 were significantly lower than that in Group B at the same time point.The 24h urine sodium after operation in Group A2 was significantly lower than that in Group B at the same time point. Conclusions Our study shows that the water and sodium metabolic center is functionally identical.However,the lesion in unilateral hypothalamus caused the disorder of serum sodium seriously,and a majority of cases are continually with hypernatremia.while some others with continually hyponatremia,this is a appalling consequence. Key words: Hypothalamus; Electrolytes; Hypernatremia:Hyponatremia
Obesity and related conditions and risk of inflammatory breast cancer: a nested case–control study

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, poorly understood and aggressive tumor. We extended prior findings linking high body mass index (BMI) to substantial increased IBC risk by examining BMI associations before and after adjustment for well-characterized comorbidities using medical record data for diabetes, insulin resistance, and disturbances of cholesterol metabolism in a general community healthcare setting. We identified 247 incident IBC cases diagnosed at Kaiser Permanente Northern California between 2005 and 2017 and 2470 controls matched 10:1 on birth year and geographic area and with ≥ 13 months of continuous enrollment prior to diagnosis/index date. We assessed exposures from 6 years up to one year prior to the diagnosis/index date, using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Before adjustment for comorbidities, ORs (95% CIs) for BMI of 25–< 30, 30–< 35, and ≥ 35 compared to < 25 kg/m2 were 1.5 (0.9–2.3), 2.0 (1.2–3.1), and 2.5 (1.4–4.4), respectively. After adjustment for pre-diabetes/diabetes, HDL-C and triglyceride levels, and dyslipidemia, corresponding ORs were 1.3 (0.8–2.1), 1.6 (0.9–2.9), and 1.9 (1.0–3.5). The OR for HDL-C levels < 50 mg/dL compared to ≥ 65 mg/dL was 2.0 (1.2–3.3) in the adjusted model. In a separate model the OR for a triglyceride/HDL-C ratio ≥ 2.50 compared to < 1.62 was 1.7 (1.1–2.8) after adjustment for BMI, pre-diabetes/diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Results did not differ significantly by estrogen receptor status. Obesity and measures of insulin resistance independently increased IBC risk as did obesity and low HDL-C levels. These findings, if confirmed, have implications for IBC prevention.
Secular Surge: A New Fault Line in American Politics

American society is rapidly secularizing–a radical departure from its historically high level of religiosity–and politics is a big part of the reason. Just as, forty years ago, the Religious Right arose as a new political movement, today secularism is gaining traction as a distinct and politically energized identity. This book examines the political causes and political consequences of this secular surge, drawing on a wealth of original data. The authors show that secular identity is in part a reaction to the Religious Right. However, while the political impact of secularism is profound, there may not yet be a Secular Left to counterbalance the Religious Right. Secularism has introduced new tensions within the Democratic Party while adding oxygen to political polarization between Democrats and Republicans. Still there may be opportunities to reach common ground if politicians seek to forge coalitions that encompass both secular and religious Americans.
A Qualitative study examining home as faculty workplace during covid-19 self-isolation

Objectives: Using the lens of the virtual workplace model, the current basic qualitative study examined how COVID-19 self-isolation affected both online and land-based faculty (working online as an emergency due to COVID-19) workspaces and work processes. Method: A total of 20 online and six land-based faculty completed e-mail interviews both one month and 3 months post self-isolation. Results: Online faculty were more satisfied with their home workplace, but both groups felt more negative about their online work, as they felt a loss of freedom and independence due to the isolation. Conclusions: Findings indicated that both land-based and online faculty showed indications of stress due to self-isolation, which in turn affected their feelings about work. Gaining a sense of control seems to be essential to reducing stress over time. Implication for theory and/or practice: Future researchers may wish to examine the relationship of feelings of employee burnout to the stress of the pandemic. How working from home interacts with burnout is not yet known, particularly for online faculty. Both employers and virtual workers may wish to utilize the study's findings in recognizing a need for control in virtual workers. [The page range on the PDF (p96-105) is incorrect. The correct page range is p95-108.]
The influence of community norms on black officers’ decision-making in a large municipal police department in a majority minority United States city: a quasi-experiment

For decades, scholars have called for and investigated the effects of representative bureaucracy, with some scholars explaining that common lived experiences, or “subject positions” between street-...
Effective connectivity of brain networks controlling human thermoregulation.

Homeostatic centers in the mammalian brainstem are critical in responding to thermal challenges. These centers play a prominent role in human thermoregulation, but humans also respond to thermal challenges through behavior modification. Behavioral modifications are presumably sub served by interactions between the brainstem and interoceptive, cognitive and affective elements in human brain networks. Prior evidence suggests that interoceptive regions such as the insula, and cognitive/affective regions such as the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex are crucial. Here we used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to discover likely generative network architectures and estimate changes in the effective connectivity between nodes in a hierarchically organized thermoregulatory network (homeostatic-interoceptive-cognitive/affective). fMRI data were acquired while participants (N = 20) were subjected to a controlled whole body thermal challenge that alternatingly evoked sympathetic and parasympathetic responses. Using a competitive modeling framework (ten competing modeling architectures), we demonstrated that sympathetic responses (evoked by whole-body cooling) resulted in more complex network interactions along two ascending pathways: (i) homeostatic interoceptive and (ii) homeostatic cognitive/affective. Analyses of estimated connectivity coefficients demonstrated that sympathetic responses evoked greater network connectivity in key pathways compared to parasympathetic responses. These results reveal putative mechanisms by which human thermoregulatory networks evince a high degree of contextual sensitivity to thermoregulatory challenges. The patterns of the discovered interactions also reveal how information propagation from homeostatic regions to both interoceptive and cognitive/affective regions sub serves the behavioral repertoire that is an important aspect of thermoregulatory defense in humans.
Electrode Impedance in Neurophysiologic Recordings: 3. Effects on Recorded Signals

ABSTRACT.EEG and evoked potential (EP) recordings depend on the properties of the electrodes used. The current set of experiments explores the effects of electrode properties on signal recordings in the absence of intrinsic noise or electromagnetic interference (EMI). The entire electrode-amplifier unit can be considered as a single electronic device with its own characteristic frequency response, which is more complex than that expected simply on the basis of setting the high- and low-frequency filters on the amplifier itself. These experiments demonstrate that the response of platinum-iridium pin electrodes and gold cup electrodes is decreased by roughly 50% for 1 Hz signals when compared to their responses at 100 Hz. Sensitivity increases again for a narrow band of frequencies below 1 Hz. This effect is most dramatic for stainless steel hookwire electrodes, which demonstrate much higher sensitivity to signals in the .1–1 Hz waveband than in the 1–1000 Hz waveband, although their sensitivity increases a...
Industrial Recreation for Women

(1922). Industrial Recreation for Women. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 103-113.
Congenital corrected transposition of the great vessels with situs inversus and dextrocardia: Report of surgical repair of associated defects in a patient with pulmonary stenosis, interatrial communication and persistent “left” superior vena cava∗

Abstract The case presented, one of corrected transposition of the great vessels with dextrocardia and situs inversus as well as pulmonary stenosis, interatrial communication and persistent “left” superior vena cava, is of interest not only because of the rarity of the condition in situs inversus and the attendant difficulties of surgical orientation but also because the unusual combination of associated defects allowed successful repair. Surgical treatment for patients with congenital corrected transposition of the great vessels is directed at the correction of associated cardiac defects only, since corrected transposition per se does not cause disability. Often the associated defects are multiple and severe, and their repair in the presence of corrected transposition is difficult.
Sensitivity analysis and parameter tuning of a sea-ice model

The values of many of the parameters in climate models are often not known with any great precision. We describe the use of automatic differentiation to examine the sensitivity of an uncoupled dynamic-thermodynamic sea-ice model to various parameters. We also illustrate the effectiveness of using these sensitivity derivatives with an optimization algorithm to tune the parameters to maximize the agreement between simulated results and observational data.
Anamorphic and aspheric microlenses and microlens arrays for telecommunication applications

A wafer-based fabrication process used to produce surface-relief microlenses for telecommunication applications is presented. Anamorphic and aspheric collimating lens profiles can be achieved, and samples have been measured to achieve insertion losses less than 0.2 dB/pair.
Automatic test pattern generation with optimal load balancing

Test patterns are used to prove the correct functionality and absence of manufacturing faults after producing a chip. The automatic generation of those test patterns for sequential circuits is harder than NP-complete problems and therefore an interesting algorithm to parallelize.
Equine Lyme Disease

Abstract Borrelia burgdorferi infection in horses is common in some areas of North America, but the incidence of clinical disease has not been determined, which makes Lyme disease controversial in the horse. Progress is being made case by case in defining the several clinical presentations of Lyme disease in adult horses. Current serologic tests are very sensitive and specific for detecting either infection (previous or concurrent) or exposure but may not distinguish between them. Treatment protocols are available for Lyme disease in horses; however, the ability of those protocols to eliminate the organism remains questionable. Currently, minocycline is being attempted in some presumed Lyme cases as an improved alternative to doxycycline and oxytetracycline. Vaccination, like many aspects of Lyme disease, remains controversial, although the canine-approved vaccines have the potential to prevent infection based upon vaccine studies in ponies and other animals.
Zeeman study of Gd3+ in CaF2 at sites of cubic symmetry

Abstract The irreducible representations of the 6P 7 2 and 6P 5 2 multiplets of Gd3+ at cubic sites in CaF2 as determined from optical Zeeman data are: 2Γ6, 4Γ8, 2Γ7, and 4Γ8, 2Γ7, in order of increasing energy.
Head Stabilization Shows Visual and Inertial Dependence During Passive Stimulation: Implications for Virtual Rehabilitation

Sensorimotor coordination relies on the fine calibration and integration of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory input. Using virtual environments (VE) allows for the dissociation of visual and inertial inputs to manipulate human behavioral outputs. Our goal was to employ VE technology in a novel manner to investigate how head stabilization is affected by spatiotemporal properties of dynamic visual input when combined with passive motion on a linear sled. Healthy adults (n = 12) wore a head-mounted display during naso-occipital sinusoidal horizontal whole body translations while seated. Subjects were secured in a seat with a five-point harness, with the head free to move. Frequency and amplitude of sinusoidal input (i.e., inertial conditions) were set to create overlapping conditions of maximum acceleration or velocity . Four inertial conditions were combined with four visual conditions (VIS). VIS were created so that direction of optic flow either matched direction of passive motion or did not. The effect of near and far fixation distance within the VE was also tested. Head kinematics were collected with a three-axis gyro. Head stability showed a complex interaction dependent on changes in weighting of visual and inertial inputs that changed with the sled driving frequency. Inertial condition affected amplitude (p <; 0.0000) and phase (p <; 0.0000) of head pitch angular velocity. In the absence of visual input, head pitch velocity amplitude increased (p <; 0.01). An interaction effect between inertial and VIS conditions on head yaw occurred in SW (p <; 0.05). There was also a significant interaction of depth of field and inertial condition on amplitude (p <; 0.001) and phase ( p <; 0.05 ) of head yaw velocity in SW, especially during high conditions. We conclude visual flow can organize lateral cervical responses despite being discordant with inertial input. When using VE for rehabilitation, possible unintended, involuntary or reflexive motor responses that may not be present in traditional training environments should be taken into consideration.
Langmuir monolayers with internal dipoles: Understanding phase behavior using Monte Carlo simulations

A coarse-grained, rigid-rod model that includes steric interactions and an internal dipole is used to study monolayers of surfactant molecules tethered to a flat interface. Monte Carlo simulations are performed in the canonical ensemble for a range of high-density configurations with varying degrees of dipole strength. Both a melting transition and a tilting transition are observed, and the dependence of the transitions on the surfactant molecules’ internal dipoles is examined. Simulation results indicate that at high packing densities, the monolayers exist in a frustrated state due to dipole-dipole repulsions and steric interactions. Tilting of the surfactant molecules increases the magnitude of the dipole-dipole attractions and lowers the overall system energy, but is limited by steric repulsions. In simulations with higher dipole strengths, the melting and tilting transitions are found to be coupled. The formation of nanodomains with increased collective tilt and positional order in these systems suggests a possible mechanism for the coupling.
3D surface localization with terrain model

In this research, we explore 3D surface network localization with terrain model. A digital terrain model (DTM), available to public with a variable resolution up to one meter, is a 3D representation of a terrain’s surface. It is commonly built using remote sensing technology or from land surveying and can be easily converted to a triangular mesh. Given a sensor network deployed on the surface of a 3D terrain with one-hop distance information available, we can extract a triangular mesh from the connectivity graph of the network. The constraint that the sensors must be on the known 3D terrain’s surface ensures that the triangular meshes of the network and the DTM of the terrain’s surface approximate the same geometric shape and overlap. We propose a fully distributed algorithm to construct a well-aligned mapping between the two triangular meshes. Based on this mapping, each sensor node of the network can easily locate reference grid points from the DTM to calculate its own geographic location. We carry out extensive simulations under various scenarios to evaluate the overall performance of the proposed localization algorithm. We also discuss the possibility of 3D surface network localization with mere connectivity and the results are promising.
Establishing Magnetic Resonance Imaging as an Accurate and Reliable Tool to Diagnose and Monitor Esophageal Cancer in a Rat Model

Objective To assess the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detection of esophageal cancer in the Levrat model of end-to-side esophagojejunostomy. Background The Levrat model has proven utility in terms of its ability to replicate Barrett’s carcinogenesis by inducing gastroduodenoesophageal reflux (GDER). Due to lack of data on the utility of non-invasive methods for detection of esophageal cancer, treatment efficacy studies have been limited, as adenocarcinoma histology has only been validated post-mortem. It would therefore be of great value if the validity and reliability of MRI could be established in this setting. Methods Chronic GDER reflux was induced in 19 male Sprague-Dawley rats using the modified Levrat model. At 40 weeks post-surgery, all animals underwent endoscopy, MRI scanning, and post-mortem histological analysis of the esophagus and anastomosis. With post-mortem histology serving as the gold standard, assessment of presence of esophageal cancer was made by five esophageal specialists and five radiologists on endoscopy and MRI, respectively. Results The accuracy of MRI and endoscopic analysis to correctly identify cancer vs. no cancer was 85.3% and 50.5%, respectively. ROC curves demonstrated that MRI rating had an AUC of 0.966 (p<0.001) and endoscopy rating had an AUC of 0.534 (p = 0.804). The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for identifying cancer vs. no-cancer was 89.1% and 80% respectively, as compared to 45.5% and 57.5% for endoscopy. False positive rates of MRI and endoscopy were 20% and 42.5%, respectively. Conclusions MRI is a more reliable diagnostic method than endoscopy in the Levrat model. The non-invasiveness of the tool and its potential to volumetrically quantify the size and number of tumors likely makes it even more useful in evaluating novel agents and their efficacy in treatment studies of esophageal cancer.
The epitaxy of gold

Previous studies of the epitaxial growth of gold by vapor deposition on a variety of substrates have been compiled and listed according to the type of substrate. A short introduction describing the epitaxy process has been included for general reference purposes and some highly promising applications of thin film technology are discussed.
Experimental Validation of High Speed Hazard Avoidance Control for Unmanned Ground Vehicles

Abstract At high speeds in natural terrain, unmanned ground vehicles can experience unexpected situations that require rapid hazard avoidance maneuvers. In these scenarios there is often limited time to replan a path based on high-order dynamic models. This paper presents a novel method for high speed navigation and hazard avoidance based on the two dimensional “trajectory space,” a compact and computationally efficient model-based representation of a robot's dynamic performance limits on natural terrain. This paper also presents a novel method for trajectory replanning, based on a “curvature matching” technique. Experimental results on a small high-speed UGV demonstrate the method's effectiveness.
Structure and cleavage energy of surfactant-modified clay minerals: Influence of CEC, head group and chain length

The interlayer structure and cleavage energy of surfactant-modified clay minerals at the molecular level were determined for 50 different alkylammonium-modified montmorillonites of different cation exchange capacity (CECs of 91 meq/100 g and 143 meq/100 g), head group structure, and chain length using molecular dynamics simulation with specifically developed sampling techniques. The interlayer density and the cleavage energy are lower for partially packed, flat-on alkyl multilayers in the interlayer space and higher for densely packed, flat-on alkyl multilayers in the interlayer space, in agreement with trends in gallery spacing and molecular conformation. Particularly high cleavage energies, in excess of 60 mJ m−2, are found when charged head groups of surfactants are not vertically separated between the clay mineral layers at equilibrium distance due to strong contributions from Coulomb energy. A widely tunable range of cleavage energies between 25 and 210 mJ m−2 was identified by simulation, whereas ex...
Childhood Tomboyism and Adult Androgyny

Female university and community college students (N =194) completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory and a 12-item tomboyism index. Subjects were predominantly Euro-American (71%). A multiple regression analysis was used to test the prediction that androgyny and masculinity would significantly predict tomboyism scores. The proportion of variance in tomboyism accounted for by masculinity was significant, but once masculinity was entered, no additional predictive value was added by the entry of androgyny or femininity. Tomboyism was not related to the development of expressive qualities such as compassion and sensitivity to the needs of others. However, tomboyism was positively related to some desirable instrumental qualities such as assertiveness and self-reliance. Tomboyism was common and generally declined at puberty due to social pressure.
Patterns of proliferation in the hypophysis of the mouse embryo. A quantitative autoradiographic study.

The process of proliferation and growth in the neurohypophysis and adenohypophysis of the mouse embryo was studied by means of tritiated thymidine autoradiography. the percent of cells labeled (labelings index, LI) was determined in embryos ranging from 9 through 16 days of gestation one hour after an intraperitoneal injection of 3H-thymidine in the mother. The infundibular region of the diencephalon showed an early abd dramatic decrease in proliferation between the tenth and eleventh days of gestation, in contrast to the hypophyseal (Rathke's) pouch which showed a consistently high level of activity during these stages. During days 12–16 the infundibulum was very sparsely labeled but continued to exhibit a low rate of mitotic activity as it developed into the neurohypophysis. The dorsal wall of the hypophyseal pouch which represents the intermediate lobe of the hypophysis was well labeled, and even at 16 days of gestation its labeling index was approximately 25%. The major portion of the hypophyseal pouch representing the pars distalis showed a highly active proliferation, particularly in its lateral regions at early stages, but by 13 and 14 days of gestation many of the cells failed to incorporate the label as they became grouped into loose clusters. By 15 days' gestation much of the hypophyseal pouch, particularly its ventral and lateral portions, became highly vascularized, and the majority of its labeled nuclei represented those of endothelial cells.
Another look at the aptitude-achievement distinction.

Summary.-48 high school students were administered the Arithmetic subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, the Mathematics subtest of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test-Revised, and the Stanford Diagnostic Mathematics Test. Correlations, of about .80 among the three tests, were interpreted as supporting a part of the continuum theory of Humphreys, Anastasi, and Cronbach for conceptualizing the distinction between aptitude and achievement tests. The aptitude-achievement distinction has been an issue of interest to psychologists hstorically. High correlations between aptitude and achievement tests were reported as early as in the 1920s by KelIey (1927), and many others from that time on to the present. A position, therefore, has evolved from these findings that the two types of tests measure the same trait. In the ~ meantime, however, dimensions of difference between aptitude and achievement tests have been described in the literature in terms of breadth of items, variety of experience required, and age of learning sampled (Humphreys, 1974). Psychologists (e.g., Humphreys, 1974; Anastasi, 1980) posit the two types of tests do not differ in the trait they measure but rather in the experiential background each requires. Aptitude tests are viewed as tapping a general set of prior experience whereas achievement tests are viewed as measures of outcomes of rather specific learning and instruction. Obviously, antecedent experiences required by aptitude and achievement measures overlap. The extent of such overlap directly influences the correlations between scores on the two types of tests, that is, the greater the overlap the. higher the correlation would be. This reasoning can be used to explain the varying correlations between aptitude and achievement test scores reported in the empirical literature. For example, Kelley (1927) reported the totaI score of the Stanford Achievement Tests correlated higher with the Stanford-Binet than any of the parts, a pattern repeatedly observed in later studies. The present study hypothesized that in a specific content/skill area where the required previous experiences are common or similar to both aptitude and achievement tests, high correlations would be expected between the two types of tests. One such area is arithmetic which appears on practically all aptitude and achievement tests. To examine this hypothesis, a small group of 48 high school students whose mean age was 17 yc, 10 mo. were
Chapter 7 – Gastrointestinal Hormones

The oral cavity, stomach, intestine, colon, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas operate as an integrated physiological unit to effect the digestion and absorption of dietary acquired nutrients. This chapter focuses on the gastrointestinal hormones. There are ~30 peptides known to be expressed within the digestive tract, thus making the stomach, intestine, and colon the largest endocrine organ in the body. The regulatory peptides synthesized by the gut include hormones, growth factors, and peptide neurotransmitters. The gastrointestinal hormones are a family of polypeptides produced by specialized endocrine cells present in the stomach, intestine, and colon which function both as traditional hormonal messengers and as neurotransmitters. These hormones mediate a wide variety of specific biological responses carried out by the stomach, intestine, and colon, as well as the endocrine and exocrine pancreas, liver, and gallbladder, which, when collectively integrated, optimize the physiological conditions necessary to permit the efficient digestion and absorption of protein, carbohydrates, and fat as well as minerals and vitamins from the lumen of the intestine. There is also increasing evidence of neuroendocrine communication between the brain and gut that provides an additional level of integration and complexity to these digestive processes.
Maximum gas velocity in column flotation

Abstract Flotation is a surface-based separation process whose rate depends on the availability of bubble surface. The flotation column operational parameter controlling the availability of bubble surface is the gas velocity which emerges as a key design and scale-up parameter. The optimum gas velocity for column flotation has been identified to be in the bubbly flow regime [1,2]. By using dimensional analysis, it is shown here that the maximum gas velocity for the existence of bubbly flow conditions in flotation columns is given by U g , max = 0.11 D c 0.5 . It is shown that all large diameter flotation columns are being operated in the bubbly flow regime but at gas velocities lower than 50% of the maximum predicted values.