cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and outcomes of coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction: results from The CABG Patch Trial database

Abstract OBJECTIVES We examined the relationship between diabetes mellitus and outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in patients with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. BACKGROUND Although diabetes is associated with poor outcomes after CABG surgery among unselected patients, the relationship between diabetes and mortality after CABG surgery among patients with LV dysfunction is less certain. METHODS Using data from The CABG Patch Trial, a study of implantable cardiac defibrillator therapy, we analyzed 900 patients with ejection fraction RESULTS Diabetics comprised 38% of the patients, and 48% of diabetics were prescribed insulin. Diabetes was associated with hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, history of stroke, clinical heart failure and rales on physical exam. Diabetics were at higher risk for postoperative superficial sternal wound infection and renal failure. With an average follow-up time of 32 ± 16 months, actuarial all-cause mortality 48 months after CABG surgery was 26% in diabetics and 24% in nondiabetics (p = 0.66, log-rank test). Diabetes was not associated with long-term mortality in Cox multiple regression analyses. Actuarial re-hospitalization rates 48 months after CABG surgery were 85% in diabetics and 69% in nondiabetics (p = 0.0001, log-rank test). Diabetics had a 44% higher risk of re-hospitalization for any cause (p = 0.0001) and a 24% higher risk of re-admission for cardiac causes (p CONCLUSIONS Diabetes was not a predictor of mortality after CABG surgery among patients with LV dysfunction despite associated comorbidities. However, diabetes was associated with increased postoperative complications and re-hospitalization.
The cost of injury and trauma care in low- and middle-income countries: a review of economic evidence.

Introduction Injuries are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity, of which more than 90% occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Given the extent of this burden being confronted by LMICs, there is need to place injury prevention at the forefront of public health initiatives and to understand the costs associated with injury. The aim of this article is to describe the extent to which injury-related costing studies have been conducted in LMICs. Methods A review of literature was performed to explore costing data available for injury and/or trauma care in LMICs. Study quality was described using recommendations from the Community Guide’s quality assessment tool for economic evaluations. Results The review identified 68 studies, of which 13 were full economic evaluations. Cost of injury varied widely with mean costs ranging from US$14 to US$17 400. In terms of injury-prevention interventions, cost per disability adjusted life year averted for injury-prevention interventions ranged from US$10.90 for speed bump installation to US$17 000 for drunk driving and breath testing campaigns in Africa. The studies varied in quality, ranging from very good to unsatisfactory. Discussion There is a lack of injury-related economic evidence from LMICs. Current costing research has considerable variability in the costs and cost descriptions of injury and associated prevention interventions. The generalizability of these studies is limited. Yet the economic burden of injury is high, suggesting significant potential for cost savings through injury prevention. A standardized approach to economic evaluation of injury in LMICs is needed to further prioritize investing in injury prevention.
Effect of acute nitrate ingestion on central hemodynamic load in hypoxia

Abstract Acute hypoxia results in local vasodilation that may temporarily unload the left ventricle (LV) through nitric oxide (NO)-mediated mechanisms. Whether increasing NO levels augments LV unloading and improves ventricular-vascular coupling in hypoxia remains unknown. Purpose Investigate the effect of acute nitrate ingestion on central hemodynamic load in hypoxia. Methods 20 Healthy men (23 ± 3 yrs, BMI 24.6 ± 2.8 kg m−2) consumed 70 mL of either a) 0.45 g nitrate (NIT) or b) an inert placebo (PLA) prior to 105 min of normobaric hypoxia (11.6 ± 0.1%) in this randomized, double-blind, crossover-design study. Wave reflection index (RIX; ratio of forward to reflected wave pressure), augmentation index (AIX75) and pulse wave velocity were calculated as measures of wave reflection magnitude and aortic stiffness, respectively, from the aortic blood pressure (BP) waveform. LV wasted pressure effort (WPE) was calculated as an index of LV work due to wave reflections. Subendocardial viability ratio (SEVR) was assessed a measure of myocardial O2 supply/demand ratio. Results Aortic diastolic BP decreased in hypoxia compared to normoxia (p 0.05). Compared to placebo, nitrate ingestion did not significantly alter central hemodynamics in hypoxia (p > 0.05). Conclusions Acute hypoxic exposure unloads the LV (WPE, AIX75, and RIX) without disturbing myocardial O2 supply-demand ratio (SEVR). Reductions in LV work with hypoxia are likely due to reductions in pressure from wave reflections as hypoxia had negligible effects on aortic stiffness. Nitrate ingestion did not affect the central hemodynamic response to acute systemic hypoxia.
A classification tree-based system for multi-sensor train approach detection

Personnel safety is an integral element of any railroad operation. Rail tracks need to be regularly maintained, which often requires rail workers to be physically present on possibly live tracks along with their equipment. This results in hazardous work conditions for the workers. To ensure worker safety a reliable system for detecting oncoming trains and alerting the workers, while giving them sufficient time to disengage from the worksite, is essential. In this paper, we present a multiple sensor based system that integrates the sensor elements with a signal processing unit for this purpose. The processing unit consists of a signal conditioning unit, a data processing unit and a machine learning framework. The conditioning unit prepares the acquired signals for later operations. The data processing unit extracts fingerprints from the reported signals that are later used by the machine learning framework as training and testing samples. The machine framework is a binary tree that classifies the event under investigation as presence or absence of a train on the track under observation. We show that the system is very accurate and can alert the workers under five seconds after the arrival of the train at the test site.
Taphonomy of the North American Decapods

ABSTRACT The geological record of the decapod crustaceans is sparse and fragmentary. Biologic, taphonomic, and collection factors bias the record, enhancing or diminishing it. These biasing factors must be relatively well understood before maximum use can be made of paleontologic samples. Biologic factors that are important are population density and mobility, preservation potential of habitats, differential calcification, and molting. The geologic record of shrimp is exceedingly deficient; that of mud shrimp, crabs, and lobsters is better, but still sparse, fragmentary, and strongly biased. Taphonomic variables affecting the preservation and interpretation of decapods include burial conditions and positioning of the remains for buried-alive decapods, corpses, and molts. Remains react differently and retain evidence of burial conditions, whether immediate or delayed. Exhumed and reburied remains often present evidence of abrasion, being bored, or settled by epizoans. Burrows enhance preservation potential, and such trace fossils can be assigned to construction by decapods, but only occasionally to a specific taxon. Characteristic preservation positions of decapods include those buried alive (Traumatized Position), those buried as corpses (Normal Position), molts of crabs and lobsters (Open Molt Position), or disarticulated remains. Evidence to distinguish molts, corpses, and buried-alive crabs is often circumstantial or lacking. Diagenesis is directly related to burial conditions, rate and depth of burial, and the presence of scavengers and deposit feeders. A general mode of formation of phosphatic concretions is envisioned which involves death, burial, decomposition, infilling, pelletization and bioturbation by worms (concentrating phosphate in fecal pellets), and precipitation of phosphatic concretions. Benthic nutrient enrichment by plankton kill resulting in a rapid increase in detritus feeders may have initiated a rapid population increase in decapods able to exploit the new food resource. The decapod-worm system would form a taphonomic feedback system insuring and allowing exploitation as well as preservation over an interval of time. Other modes of preservation include little altered remains in fine clastics, preservation as allochems in limestone, preservation as nuclei in calcite nodules and concretions, and in hematite concretions. Collections of decapods tend to be small and widely scattered, but contain virtually all remains found in allied geologic and paleontologic work. Most species-level taxa are represented by only a few, fragmental specimens. Approximately 200 decapod taxa are known from the North American Cretaceous. Because of the usual scarcity and small, fragmentary sample size of most taxa, decapod-rich or decapod-dominated fossil assemblages are exceedingly important, since they alone preserve large numbers of diverse decapod taxa.
Shear adhesion strength of thermoplastic gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive exceeds material limits.

Natural gecko array wearless dynamic friction has recently been reported for 30 000 cycles on a smooth substrate. Following these findings, stiff polymer gecko-inspired synthetic adhesives have been proposed for high-cycle applications such as robot feet. Here we examine the behavior of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP) microfiber arrays during repeated cycles of engagement on a glass surface, with a normal preload of less than 40 kPa. We find that fiber arrays maintained 54% of the original shear stress of 300 kPa after 10 000 cycles, despite showing a marked plastic deformation of fiber tips. This deformation could be due to shear-induced plastic creep of the fiber tips from high adhesion forces, adhesive wear, or thermal effects. We hypothesize that a fundamental material limit has been reached for these fiber arrays and that future gecko synthetic adhesive designs must take into account the high adhesive forces generated to avoid damage. Although the synthetic material and natura...
Neurologic Emergencies in the Patients With Cancer: Diagnosis and Management

Neurologic complications of cancer are common and are frequently life-threatening events. Certain neurologic emergencies occur more frequently in the cancer population, specifically elevated intracranial pressure, epidural cord compression, status epilepticus, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, central nervous system infection, and treatment-associated neurologic dysfunction. These emergencies require early diagnosis and prompt treatment to ensure the best possible outcome and are best managed in the intensive care unit. This article reviews the presentation, pathophysiology, and management of the most common causes of acute neurologic decompensation in the patient with cancer.
Direct Observation of C–H Cyclopalladation at Tertiary Positions Enabled by an Exo-Directing Group

Here we describe the first preparation of tertiary alkyl palladium complexes via C–H activation. Enabled by an exo-type oxime directing group, cyclopalladation occurred smoothly at the bridgehead position. Treatment of the resulting complex with iodine led to C–H iodination at the methine carbon. This study provides important mechanistic information for palladium-catalyzed functionalization of methine C–H bonds.
Breeding of G98A,a New Rice Sterile Line

G98A,a new rice sterile line,was bred from Zhenshan 97A(a CMS line)×95F076 [a maintainer line bred from Nanjing 11(a convetional indica variety)×Nayongdahonggu(a local japonica variety)×8902S(a nuclear sterile line)]after eight genenations continuously.
Some aspects of renal physiology in the Brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula

In the vertebrates the kidneys play a vital role in the regulation of the volume and composition of the extracellular fluid. To control this function a variety of mechanisms, both neural and endocrine, have evolved. These mechanisms have been studied extensively in eutherians but few detailed comparative investigations have been made. This is particularly true in the case of the marsupials. Until quite recently, little information was available on kidney structure and function and, in general, the data concerning the role of the adrenal cortex and the renin — angiotensin system in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance was very limited. It therefore seemed desirable to study renal physiology in the marsupials and to investigate in detail some of the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of renal function.
Scalar Linear Systems over the Complex Numbers

Let us begin by considering single input, single output linear systems over the complex numbers, C.
Dietary supplementation is more prevalent among adults with arthritis in the United States population

Abstract Objectives Sparse data are available to describe the prevalence of dietary supplementation among individuals with arthritis. Using a nationally representative sample, this investigation assessed the prevalence of dietary supplement use among Americans self-reporting arthritis. Setting and design Data from 4606 participants of the 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed, including from 1170 participants self-reporting arthritis. Participants reported dietary supplementation over the past 30days. Results Approximately 62.5% of adults with arthritis reported taking at least one dietary supplement, which was greater than the 49.0% among individuals without arthritis ( P P Conclusions Given that roughly three out of five individuals with arthritis regularly use dietary supplements, health practitioners should be prepared to discuss potential benefits and risks of supplementation for the management of pain and function in arthritis.
Alkali Metal-Hydroxide-Catalyzed C(sp)–H Bond silylation

Disclosed is a mild, scalable, and chemoselective catalytic cross-dehydrogenative C–H bond functionalization protocol for the construction of C(sp)–Si bonds in a single step. The scope of the alkyne and hydrosilane partners is substantial, providing an entry point into various organosilane building blocks and additionally enabling the discovery of a number of novel synthetic strategies. Remarkably, the optimal catalysts are NaOH and KOH.
AggieAir unmanned aerial system traffic integration management: A case study with ADS-B out

Unmanned airspace access is a key topic to enable unmanned flights in the U.S. National Airspace System. Above the 400-foot AGL limit, unmanned operations need special care and systems to fly safely and reliably. For autonomous flights to be safe, regular parts of daily, economical operations, designs for both the greater airspace and specific avionics must be built on robust systems design principles. For unmanned systems with a predefined flight plan, it is possible to autonomously and safely fly above 400 feet AGL in manned airspace by interfacing with ADS-B out and under the control of a licensed pilot. Utah State University's AggieAir group has been flying autonomously in this manner for real remote sensing missions, and in this paper, design methodologies for aircraft/avionics systems, ground support equipment, as well as flight logistics and airspace data interfaces are described. Lastly, flight data under FAA Certificates of Authorization (COAs) above 400 feet AGL demonstrate AggieAir's safe operations in manned airspace.
Portomesenteric vein thrombosis after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity.

Portomesenteric vein thrombosis (PMVT) is a rare, life-threatening pathology associated with increased prevalence in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) versus other gastric bypass procedures. Gaining popularity, LSG is becoming the first choice of patients and physicians alike due to its low complication profile compared to the gastric bypass procedure. We present the case of a 34-year-old woman who underwent an uncomplicated LSG for the treatment of morbid obesity, and presented on postoperative day 13 with PMVT. The patient underwent mechanical thrombectomy and thrombolytic therapy. After 2 days, patency was restored and the patient was discharged in stable condition. A high index of suspicion for PMVT should be considered in patients reporting diffuse abdominal pain after LSG. Owing to its lethality, upon confirmation of PMVT, therapy should begin immediately along with extended anticoagulation therapy on discharge.
Homelessness Interventions in Georgia: Rapid Re-Housing, Transitional Housing, and the Likelihood of Returning to Shelter

Abstract Since 1987, billions of dollars in homeless assistance have been allocated annually by the U.S. federal government. Yet few evaluations of homelessness interventions exist. This study analyzes the likelihood that households in Georgia returned to shelter within two years of leaving one of three interventions: rapid re-housing (RRH), transitional housing (TH), and emergency shelter (ES), with the latter serving as a reference. Using propensity scores, RRH households were matched to comparable TH and ES households. Generalized linear mixed modeling then controlled for household characteristics as well as variation between intervention implementations. We find that the likelihood of returning to shelter did not seem to be affected by whether study households were gradually transitioned or rapidly placed into housing. Additionally, the effect of TH for households without children seems highly dependent on the intervention’s implementation, which deserves further study. Our findings are generalizable ...
Samurai of the cosmos

Voyage to the Great Attractor: Exploring Intergalactic Space. By Alan Dressier. Knopf: 1994. Pp. 355. $25
Intervention-based method for improving learning and critical thinking

A number of studies have shown that critical thinking does not yield directly with education; and therefore, extensive research in the past two decades have focused on introducing and infusing critical thinking skills in higher education. It is agreed that acquiring critical thinking skills is of utmost significance in higher education. Also several studies have shown that academic and classroom interventions are effective in improving learning and academic performance of students. In this paper, we study some learning strategies and interventions and examine their effect on improving learning and critical thinking in higher education. Specifically, we examine the effectiveness of carefully designed subject matter instructional interventions to improve and promote critical thinking skills in graduate computing courses. The evaluation results of this study are very encouraging and show that our interventions have positive effect in improving critical thinking skills among students.
Building Health Information Networks Using Facebook: A Pilot Study with New Mothers in Rural Appalachia

This qualitative inquiry studies the key factors influencing the process of building, growing, and sustaining a health information network among new mothers on Facebook, who live in Appalachian Tennessee. Grounded theory analysis of in-depth phone interviews reveal that (i) realizing information needs, (ii) turning to the Internet and social media, (iii) joining the Facebook group, (iv) building a community of practice on the group, (v) information practices of users, and (vi) deriving benefits to meet the information needs, help them build the health information network.
Mexican American Identity: Regional Differentiation in New Mexico:

Existing research inadequately addresses the variation in Mexican Americans’ patterns of ethnic identification. Drawing on 78 interviews, I address this question by exploring how conceptions of anc...
The lexical representation of second language length contrasts: Native English speakers learning Japanese

Adults experience difficulty using novel second language (L2) phonological contrasts to distinguish words. Indeed, even the ability to perceive and/or produce a novel contrast with relative accuracy does not guarantee an ability to implement the contrast to distinguish words in tasks that require lexical access. These observations lead to questions regarding the phonological content of learners’ lexical representations of difficult L2 contrasts. We employed an artificial lexicon study to examine the lexical encoding and implementation of Japanese consonant and vowel length contrasts by native English speakers. In the first experiment, native English speakers were taught a set of six Japanese-like auditory minimal pairs with pictured meanings. The members of each pair were differentiated by vowel length (e.g., [teki] vs. [teeki]). Participants were then asked to match the pictures to auditory words in four conditions: matched (see picture of ‘teki’, hear [teki]), vowel length mismatch (see ‘teki’, hear [teeki], and consonant length mismatch (see ‘teki’, hear [tekki]). Participants performed accurately on matched items, but were more likely to reject word forms mismatched for consonant than for vowel length. The results from this and subsequent experiments provide insight into the lexical encoding strategies used by learners for difficult novel contrasts.Adults experience difficulty using novel second language (L2) phonological contrasts to distinguish words. Indeed, even the ability to perceive and/or produce a novel contrast with relative accuracy does not guarantee an ability to implement the contrast to distinguish words in tasks that require lexical access. These observations lead to questions regarding the phonological content of learners’ lexical representations of difficult L2 contrasts. We employed an artificial lexicon study to examine the lexical encoding and implementation of Japanese consonant and vowel length contrasts by native English speakers. In the first experiment, native English speakers were taught a set of six Japanese-like auditory minimal pairs with pictured meanings. The members of each pair were differentiated by vowel length (e.g., [teki] vs. [teeki]). Participants were then asked to match the pictures to auditory words in four conditions: matched (see picture of ‘teki’, hear [teki]), vowel length mismatch (see ‘teki’, hear [te...
110th Anniversary: Reversible Solubilization of Polar Polymers and Polymeric Catalysts in Nonpolar Solvents

Polar polymers like poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) are insoluble in nonpolar solvents. This work shows how hydrogen-bond solubilization can be used to generate chemically reversible responsive solubil...
The Case for Revamping New Faculty Orientation: Integrating Case-Based Learning Into Faculty Onboarding

Introduction New faculty orientation (NFO) for onboarding faculty members is replete with critical information and resources. Most NFO sessions are facilitated through lecture-based slide presentat...
Tuning electronic structure through halide modulation of mesoionic carbene cobalt complexes.

The first examples of Co(II) mesoionic carbene complexes (CoX2DippMIC2; X = Cl−, Br−, I−) demonstrate a new electronic perturbation on tetrahedral Co(II) complexes. Using absorption spectroscopy and magnetometry, the consequences of the MIC's strong σ-donating/minimal π-accepting nature are analyzed and shown to be further tunable by the nature of the coordinated halide.
Analysis of Passive Charge Sharing-Based Segmented SAR ADCs

This article presents the theoretical analysis of passive charge sharing-based segmented successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC), where the precise reference source in a capacitive digital-to-analog converter (CDAC) is replaced by a capacitor that is $\beta $ times larger than its bit capacitor and precharged to the reference level, known as a reference charge reservoir (RCR). A segmented SAR-ADC uses a coarse SAR-ADC to compute some most significant bits (MSBs). Four methods, namely aligned switching (AS) with bitwise RCRs, AS with a subsample-wise RCR, detect-and-skip aligned switching (DAS-AS) with bitwise RCRs, and DAS-AS with a subsample-wise RCR are introduced for setting fine MSBs. Closed-form analytic expressions of the reference error due to the finite reference capacitance are derived and validated by behavioral modeling and circuit simulation of an 11-bit 50 MS/s segmented SAR ADC in 65-nm CMOS technology. The error expressions can be used to select one of the four methods for setting the fine MSBs and to determine $\beta $ for the required linearity or for implementing digital circuitry for precise error correction.
Power in isolation: insights from single cells.

This month’s Genome Watch highlights a set of single-cell approaches that yield powerful insights into microbial biology.
Visiones del desarrollo. El pabellón de España en la Feria Mundial de Nueva York 1964–1965 y su producción audiovisual

Coincidiendo con la celebracion de la campana ‘XXV Anos de Paz Espanola’ (1964) y con la implementacion del primer Plan de Desarrollo Economico y Social (1964– 1967), el Ministerio de Informacion y Turismo promovio la creacion de una serie de producciones audiovisuales dedicadas al pabellon de Espana en la Feria Mundial de Nueva York 1964–1965. Este ensayo propone un estudio del pabellon como espacio generador de contenidos multimedia a partir del analisis de dos producciones de NO-DO (Espana en la Feria de Nueva York (1964) y Feria en Nueva York (1964)) y de los proyectos audiovisuales para el edificio creados por cineasta Jose Val del Omar, entendidos todos ellos como dispositivos de experimentacion y difusion de nuevos codigos audiovisuales. Frente a la reproduccion mediatica del pabellon en el formato NO-DO como parte de un espectaculo disenado para promocionar la nueva posicion de la nacion en la industria global del ocio, se argumenta como los proyectos de Val del Omar propusieron una imaginacion politica alternativa sobre los usos sociales del cine y la television durante el inicio del llamado ‘desarrollismo’ espanol.
An upper bound for a cyclic sum of probabilities

Abstract In the study of nontransitive dice, seemingly paradoxically, the probability that one die rolls higher than another is not transitive. We prove a more general result which implies that a cyclic sum of ordering probabilities for n random variables can be much greater than 1, and that each probability can be much greater than 1 n . In particular, we establish an upper bound for this sum and give necessary and sufficient conditions under which it is attained. We also prove that, given an absolutely continuous univariate probability distribution and e > 0 , there are random variables X 1 , X 2 , … , X n , each of which has this distribution, and for which each of the probabilities P r X 1 > X 2 , P r X 2 > X 3 , … , P r X n − 1 > X n , and P r X n > X 1 exceeds 1 − e .
Mid-Holocene Grounding Line Retreat and Readvance at Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica

Author(s): Venturelli, RA; Siegfried, MR; Roush, KA; Li, W; Burnett, J; Zook, R; Fricker, HA; Priscu, JC; Leventer, A; Rosenheim, BE
Nonperturbative definition of the standard models

This works aims to provide a quantum nonperturbative definition of chiral fermions coupled to gauge theories without fermion doubling. The authors show that if a quantum field theory is free of all perturbative local anomalies and nonperturbative global anomalies, then it can be regarded as the boundary theory of the trivial symmetric interacting invertible topological orders with a trivial cobordism invariant.
The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination in Bankruptcy and the Plight of the Debtor

An innocent debtor, who is either ignorant of her constitutional right to the privilege against self-incrimination or ineffectual in asserting it, may find herself wrongfully convicted and imprisoned in a criminal matter, due to unwitting complicity in the delivery of testimony or documents in her bankruptcy case. This lack of understanding poses a serious risk to debtors, and especially affects the increasing number of pro se debtors in bankruptcy. The privilege extends to debtors in bankruptcy proceedings. However, a debtor who fails to properly invoke the privilege waives her rights. This possibility is made more probable because there is no requirement that she be told about the privilege prior to filing or interrogation.Without any requirement of notice, there is no application of the exclusionary rule in civil proceedings. In short, the privilege must be invoked through an unambiguous assertion in bankruptcy, or it is lost. For this reason, the Court, under its rulemaking authority, should adopt a revised Official Form B201A for use in consumer bankruptcy cases, to ensure the just determination of every case and protect the debtor’s privilege. The revised form would provide pre-filing notice, in writing, of the privilege against self-incrimination. To accomplish this, the Judicial Conference of the United States should promulgate the proposed form pursuant to its rulemaking authority. This form would serve to make the debtor aware of the privilege prior to filing and the consequences of invocation and waiver, so that the privilege would not be lost through ignorance, inadvertence, or lack of competent counsel. This article has four parts. Part I analyzes the scope and application of the privilege and distinguishes the privilege in bankruptcy from its counterpart in the custodial setting. Part II examines the increased risk to the pro se debtor and the value of the privilege both to the truly innocent who are seemingly guilty and the presumptively innocent regardless of guilt. Part III explores the plight of the debtor under current law and explains the risk of nondisclosure of the privilege. Finally, Part IV proposes a change in the language of Official Form B201A to alleviate the problems caused by nondisclosure. In short, the author’s thesis is that only through the pre-filing delivery of notice will the debtor's right to the privilege be meaningful.
Thresholded Partial Least Squares: Fast Construction of Interpretable Whole-brain Decoders

Recent neuroimaging research has shown that it is possible to decode mental states and predict future consumer behavior from brain activity data (a time-series of images). However, the unique characteristics (and high dimensionality) of neuroimaging data, coupled with a need for neuroscientifically interpretable models, has largely discouraged the use of the entire brain9s data as predictors. Instead, most neuroscientific research uses "regionalized" (partial-brain) data to reduce the computational burden and to improve interpretability (i.e., localizability of signal), at the cost of losing potential information. Here we propose a novel approach that can build whole-brain neural decoders (using the entire data set and capitalizing on the full correlational structure) that are both interpretable and computationally efficient. We exploit analytical properties of the partial least squares algorithm to build a regularized regression model with variable selection that boasts (in contrast to most statistical methods) a unique "fit-once-tune-later" approach where users need to fit the model only once and can choose the best tuning parameters post-hoc. We demonstrate its efficacy in a large neuroimaging dataset against off-the-shelf prediction methods and show that our new method scales exceptionally with increasing data size, yields more interpretable results, and uses less computational memory, while retaining high predictive power.
The Poisson Duality Between the Particle-Monopole and the Semiclassical (Instanton) Descriptions

We discussed a number of applications of the monopoles. In particular, the confinement is indeed a Bose-Einstein condensation of monopoles, at T < Tc. There are multiple applications to physics of quark-gluon plasma and heavy ion collisions. Basically, QGP is a “dual plasma” made of electrically charged quasiparticles, quarks, and gluons, and magnetically charged monopoles. This view lead to explanation of various observed phenomena. The key to all of it is the notion that monopoles can be treated as quasiparticles and can be used in calculations involving both Euclidean (thermodynamics) and Minkowski (kinetics) times as needed.
Der Adelbert-von-Chamisso-Preis: Die Programmatik und das kontroverse Ende im Spiegel kultureller Wandel

Wenige Literaturpreise waren uber eine vergleichbar lange Zeit derart umstritten wie der Adelbert-von-Chamisso-Preis. Integrationsdebatten, postkoloniale Diskurse und begriffliche Wandel wirkten sich auf die Programmatik des Preises aus, der zwischen 1985 und 2017 eine deutsche Literaturlandschaft mitpragte, die immer interkultureller wurde. Mithilfe von Archivdokumenten beleuchtet dieser Beitrag die verschiedenen Facetten der ursprunglichen Zielsetzung, die zur Grundung des Adelbert-von-Chamisso-Preises gefuhrt haben. Er erlautert auserdem die Debatten um eine geeignete Autorenbezeichnung, die sich seit der offiziellen Preisbegrundung 1985 entwickelten und die aus diesen Debatten resultierenden Anderungen der Programmatik bis zur Selbstauflosung des Preises im Jahr 2017. Die Betrachtung der Preisgeschichte verdeutlicht, wie sehr sich der offentliche Umgang mit den Begriffen der Fremde und der Differenz dank eines kritischen Diskurses seit den 1980er Jahren gewandelt hat.
Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Chemistry Self-Concept Inventory Using Rasch Modeling

The Chemistry Self-Concept Inventory (CSCI) is a widely used instrument within chemistry education research. Yet, agreement on its overall reliability and validity is lacking, and psychometric analyses of the instrument remain outstanding. This study examined the psychometric properties of the subscale and item function of the CSCI on 1140 high school chemistry students in the midwestern United States. Using exploratory factor analysis, we found that a five-factor model, distinct from previous studies’ models, fit our data best. Using this model in Rasch analysis, we found several items within the Mathematics subscale that showed unusual item difficulty, significant misfit, and low item discrimination. Implications for future use of the CSCI are discussed.
Effect of Trans, Trans-Farnesol on Pseudogymnoascus destructans and Several Closely Related Species

Bat white-nose syndrome, caused by the psychrophilic fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has dramatically reduced the populations of many hibernating North American bat species. The search for effective biological control agents targeting P. destructans is of great importance. We report that the sesquiterpene trans, trans-farnesol, which is also a Candida albicans quorum sensing compound, prevented in vitro conidial germination for at least 14 days and inhibited growth of preexisting hyphae of five P. destructans isolates in filtered potato dextrose broth at 10 °C. Depending on the inoculation concentrations, both spore and hyphal inhibition occurred upon exposure to concentrations as low as 15–20 µM trans, trans-farnesol. In contrast, most North American Pseudogymnoascus isolates were more tolerant to the exposure of trans, trans-farnesol. Our results suggest that some Candida isolates may have the potential to inhibit the growth of P. destructans and that the sesquiterpene trans, trans-farnesol has the potential to be utilized as a biological control agent.
Adoption and implementation of Health Information Exchange (HIE): An Interpretative Review

Health Information Exchange (HIE) includes the process of electronic movement of patient-level clinical, demographic and health-related information across healthcare organizations. Although literature on HIE indicates the potential benefits of HIE in quality improvement as well as mortality and cost reduction, several studies mention various barriers to HIE adoption and implementation. The hindering factors can be classified into technological, organizational and environmental variables. A few studies have mentioned that adoption and implementation of HIE are different phenomena but the rest has used adoption and implementation interchangeably. Also, there is no comprehensive study to clearly delineate the difference between adoption and implementation process associated with HIE in United States. This study is aimed at reviewing the theories on adoption and implementation steps and explaining the differences between these two processes. This study attempts to distinguish the factors affecting adoption and implementation of HIE in the health care settings in United States. To do so, a literature review was conducted on both adoption and implementation of HIE. The related articles which were mainly available in Web of Sciences electronic databases reviewed and some additional articles accessed through Google Scholar. All the selected articles were published from 2008 to 2014. Eligibility criteria were HIE setting, English language, year of publication, and country setting. Articles were assessed against eligibility criteria and were coded into HIE awareness, HIE adoption and HIE implementation and HIE mixed to better identify the differences between different stages. The number of publications on HIE in United States significantly increased over time. Overall, twenty seven publications met the inclusion criteria. Based on the results, the study proposes a decision tree which includes all the possible stages to explain HIE adoption and implementation process. The decision tree analyzes the differences between adoption and implementation and clarifies factors affecting each process separately. Finally, the result shows five different types of decisions that can be made by health care institutes regarding adoption and implementation process of HIE. The findings provide a useful implication for researchers interested in HIE adoption and implementation. Also, the analysis can help the decision makers and policy developers in the health care setting to better understand factors affecting adoption decisions and implementation process.
Tools and strategies for Developing New Materials

The synergistic dependence of materials properties and performance upon structure and processing provides effective strategies for developing new materials for advanced technologies. This intimate interplay provides the central theme of this article. Advanced synthesis techniques, controlled microstructure, compositional tuning and theoretical predictions are powerful tools for searching for new materials or improved properties. These are discussed by selected examples including fullerenes, giant magnetoresistance multilayers, diamond and nitride films. The article also provides a brief overview of these materials and discusses their technological significance.
Testosterone Acts Directly on CD4+ T Lymphocytes to Increase IL-10 Production

Males are less susceptible than females to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and many other autoimmune diseases. Gender differences in cytokine production have been observed in splenocytes of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice stimulated with myelin proteins and may underlie gender differences in susceptibility. As these differences should not be limited to responses specific for myelin proteins, gender differences in cytokine production upon stimulation with Ab to CD3 were examined, and the mechanisms were delineated. Splenocytes from male mice stimulated with Ab to CD3 produced more IL-10 and IL-4 and less IL-12 than those from female mice. Furthermore, splenocytes from dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-treated female mice produced more IL-10 and less IL-12 than those from placebo-treated female mice, whereas there was no difference in IL-4. IL-12 knockout mice were then used to determine whether changes in IL-10 production were mediated directly by testosterone vs indirectly by changes in IL-12. The results of these experiments favored the first hypothesis, because DHT treatment of female IL-12 knockout mice increased IL-10 production. To begin to delineate the mechanism by which DHT may be acting, the cellular source of IL-10 was determined. At both the RNA and protein levels, IL-10 was produced primarily by CD4+ T lymphocytes. CD4+ T lymphocytes were then shown to express the androgen receptor, raising the possibility that testosterone acts directly on CD4+ T lymphocytes to increase IL-10 production. In vitro experiments demonstrated increased IL-10 production following treatment of CD4+ T lymphocytes with DHT. Thus, testosterone can act directly via androgen receptors on CD4+ T lymphocytes to increase IL-10 gene expression.
A Novel Antiviral Agent Which Inhibits the Endonuclease of Influenza Viruses

A novel anti-influenza virus compound, flutimide, was identified in extracts of a recently identified fungal species, Delitschia confertaspora (F. Pelaez, J.D. Polishook, M. Valldosera, and J.Guarro, Mycotaxon 50:115-122, 1994). The compound, a substituted 2,6-diketopiperazine, selectively inhibited the cap-dependent transcriptase of influenza A and B viruses and had no effect on the activities of other polymerases. Similar to the 4-substituted 2,4-dioxobutanoic acids, a series of transcriptase inhibitors which we described previously (J. Tomassini, H. Selnick, M.E. Davies, M.E. Armstrong, J. Baldwin, M. Bourgeois, J.Hastings, D. Hazuda, J. Lewis, W. McClements, G. Ponticello, E. Radzilowski, G. Smith, A. Tebben, and A. Wolfe, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 38:2827-2837, 1994), this inhibitor, which is a natural product, affected neither the initiation nor the elongation of influenza virus mRNA synthesis, but it specifically targeted the cap-dependent endonuclease of the transcriptase. Additionally, the compound was inhibitory to the replication of influenza A and B viruses in cell culture. The selective antiviral properties of this compound further demonstrate the utility of influenza virus endonuclease as a target of antiviral agents.
Distributed data servers and Web interface in the Climate Data Portal

The Climate Data Portal provides consistent and uniform access to geographically distributed data collections, through an interactive Web interface or networked Java client application. The Climate Data Portal system is fully object oriented, utilizing off-the-shelf the CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) networking middleware to establish the communication between data servers and client interface. The use of CORBA services provides network "awareness" of the distributed data servers, and eliminates the need for a central registry or Web crawlers to locate and interrogate the distributed data servers. The current Climate Data Portal system consists of distributed data servers located at PMEL (real-time TAO buoy data and PMEL archived in situ data collection), University of Hawaii (sea level data from Sea Level Center), and NODC (the Global Temperature-Salinity Profile Program dataset). This paper describes technologies used to develop and support the Web interactive client interface and the distributed data servers in the Climate Data Portal system.
High Precision Assembly of Soft-Polymer Microfluidic Circuits

Microfluidic chips have made it possible to manipulate biological fluidic samples in increasingly smaller volumes—even enabling multiplexed study of individual cells. Performing biological assays using microfluidic technology not only makes them more portable when compared to their traditional counterparts, but also decreases testing time and cost. These biofluidic circuits vary widely in design and function: multiplexed cell electroporation, on-chip cell culturing, cell-cell communication monitoring, protein crystallization, and small volume sample analysis are only a few examples of potential applications. The rapid rate of growth and change in this field creates a need for inexpensive and flexible rapid prototyping of microfluidic chips.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Superconductivity and Electronic Structure in the Alloy System Lead-Thallium

The superconducting transition temperatures of Pb-Tl alloys covering the entire composition range have been determined. The ${T}_{c}'\mathrm{s}$ of the alloys are in general intermediate between those of Pb and Tl, except for samples in the concentration range 75-85 at.% Tl, for which the ${T}_{c}'\mathrm{s}$ are lower. Two other features, a continuous change of slope of ${T}_{c}$ versus composition, and a small peak structure in ${T}_{c}$, occur at about the 50 at.% composition. These features, which occur in the fcc (Pb) phase, might arise from a Brillouin-zone effect of the Merriam type. If the model for the Fermi surface in lead proposed by Anderson and Gold (based upon their de Haas-van Alphen data and using the orthogonalized plane-wave method) is employed, such an effect would be expected at the composition observed. On the other hand, an order-disorder transformation might contribute to the observed effects. A speculation regarding a connection between the electronic structure effect and a possible ordering process is made. Superconductivity behavior suggests an extension of the Pb solid solution, in a limited temperature interval, to higher Tl concentrations than those in the accepted phase diagram. The terminal solid solubility of Tl in Pb is found to be 88\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 at.% at 25 and at 295\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The solubility of Pb in $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Tl}$ is 2.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 at.% at 25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C; in $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Tl}$ it is 5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 at.% at 295\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The ${T}_{c}'\mathrm{s}$ of a few Bi-Tl samples were also measured. Structure, similar to that at ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.50}$${\mathrm{Tl}}_{0.50}$, appeared in the ${T}_{c}$ curve at ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.15}$${\mathrm{Tl}}_{0.85}$.
Abuse of casein hydrolysate formulas for treating infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia.

In Reply .— We thank Dr Bhutani for the opportunity to provide additional information regarding our controlled, randomized, double-blind trial of prophylaxis against jaundice among 64 breastfed newborns.1 Our study demonstrated that breastfed infants who received minimal aliquots of L-aspartic acid or enzymatically hydrolyzed casein for β-glucuronidase inhibition had increased fecal bilirubin excretion and less jaundice, without disruption of the breastfeeding experience. Although 2 previous studies of ours demonstrated that infants who were exclusively fed a casein hydrolysate formula had significantly less jaundice than infants who were exclusively fed either a routine formula or breast milk,2,3 we agree with Dr Bhutani that additional research would better define the ability of …