cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiscale integration hybrid algorithms for homogeneous–heterogeneous reactors

Despite many available models at different reactor length scales, no models exist for designing homogeneous-heterogeneous reactors from first principles by linking molecular with macroscopic scales. Hybrid algorithms, based on a domain decomposition method, are proposed to couple a continuum fluid-phase transport/reaction model with a new efficient, real-time surface Monte Carlo model suitable for stiff problems. These algorithms properly treat surface heterogeneities and morphology and provide the exact boundary condition to the continuum fluid-phase model. In this way, molecular-scale information is integrated into a macroscopic chemical system. The methods are applied at atmospheric pressure to a stagnant boundary layer near a catalytic surface where heterogeneities are caused by adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. Both steady-state and transient simulations are performed. Such numerical methods have the potential for microscopic control of chemical processes through macroscopic control of experimental parameters. Applications to homogeneous-heterogeneous processes such as catalytic reactors, control of morphology of solid materials with atomic resolution, and corrosion processes are also discussed.
Analyse de la croissance faciale globale, de la croissance maxillaire et mandibulaire et des modifications de traitement (« analyse structurale »)

Resume Par le passe, la croissance faciale totale a ete surtout analysee en realisant des superpositions sur la ligne nasion-sella a l’aide de la technique dite « best fit ». L’approche « best fit » a egalement ete utilisee pour analyser la croissance maxillaire et mandibulaire et les modifications liees au traitement. Dans cet article, nous presenterons une methode plus fiable pour etudier les changements qui se produisent a la suite de la croissance et du traitement au moyen de la « technique structurale » mise au point par Bjork et al. Cette technique est basee sur les resultats d’etudes de la croissance faciale entreprises sur plus de 25 ans et utilisant des implants metalliques. Nous decrirons comment cette technique peut etre utilisee, sans faire appel aux implants, pour mieux comprendre les modifications squelettiques et dentaires qui se produisent chez les patients que nous traitons.
Production and bimolecular quenching of excited CN radicals from multiphoton electronic excitation of benzoyl cyanide

Abstract We report the production of CN(B 2 σ v = 0,1,2) from the 266 nm multiphoton excitation of benzoyl cyanide. The formation of CN (B 2 σ S) involves the absorption of at least two photons. The bimolecular quenching rate of excited CN is found to be (1.5 ± 0.5) × 10 −10 cm 3 /molecule s, independent of the vibrational quantum number.
Effects of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and valproic acid, alone and in selected combinations, on schedule-controlled behavior of rats

Abstract The present study examined the effects of phenytoin (20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/kg), phenobarbital (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg), and valproic acid (80, 120, 160, and 240 mg/kg), and those of phenobarbital (10 and 30 mg/kg) combined with phenytoin (20, 30, and 40 mg/kg) or valproic acid (80, 120, and 160 mg/kg), on the lever pressing of rats maintained under fixed-ratio and interresponse-time-greater-than- t schedules of food delivery. High doses of each individual drug significantly decreased mean group response (and reinforcement) rate under the fixed-ratio schedule. No dose of an individual agent significantly affected mean group response rate under the interresponse-time-greater-than- t schedule, although high doses of phenobarbital and valproic acid significantly reduced the mean group reinforcement rate under this schedule. When given in combination, phenobarbital and phenytoin and phenobarbital and valproic acid significantly reduced response (and reinforcement) rate under the fixed-ratio schedule and reinforcement rate under the interresponse-time- greater-than- t schedule. These reductions did not significantly differ in magnitude from those predicted by an additive model of drug interaction.
Pharyngeal pH measurements in patients with respiratory symptoms before and during proton pump inhibitor therapy.

Background: Pharyngeal pH monitoring is a diagnostic tool used to identify Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) as an etiology of respiratory symptoms. We performed pharyngeal pH monitoring on 14 patients with respiratory symptoms thought to be induced by GERD. Methods: Symptoms and pH monitoring (esophageal and pharyngeal) were assessed prior to and 3 months after the initiation of double-dose proton pump inhibitor therapy. Results: Symptoms included cough, hoarseness, and throat clearing. Ten patients had at least one episode of pharyngeal reflux (PR+) and 4 patients had no pharyngeal reflux (PR−). Pharyngeal reflux episodes in PR+ patients decreased from 3.5 to 0.9 (P <0.05) per day with 8 of 10 (80%) patients having elimination or reduction of such episodes. Eight of 9 PR+ patients (89%) with suppressed pharyngeal reflux on medical therapy had resolution of respiratory symptoms. Three of 4 PR− patients (75%) had persistent symptoms on medical therapy. Conclusions: Proton pump inhibitor therapy improves clinical symptoms and decreases pharyngeal reflux episodes in patients with respiratory symptoms related to GERD. Direct measurement of pharyngeal pH is helpful in the identification of patients likely to respond to antireflux therapy.
Multiscale model of woven ceramic matrix composites considering manufacturing induced damage

Abstract Multiscale models play an important role in capturing the nonlinear response of woven carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites. In plain weave carbon fiber/silicon carbide (C/SiC) composites, for example, when microcracks form in the as-produced parts due to the mismatch in thermal properties between constituents, a multiscale thermoelastic framework can be used to capture the initial damage state of these composites. In this paper, a micromechanics-based multiscale model coupled with a thermoelastic progressive damage model is developed to simulate the elastic and damage behavior of a plain weave C/SiC composite system under thermal and mechanical loading conditions. The multiscale model is able to accurately predict composite behavior and serves as a valuable tool in investigating the physics of damage initiation and progression, in addition to the evolution of effective composite elastic moduli caused by temperature change and damage. The matrix damage initiation and progression is investigated at various length scales and the effects are demonstrated on the global composite behavior.
Quantitative electron probe microanalysis: Uncertainty in the atomic number correction

The atomic number effect in quantitative electron probe microanalysis has been considered from the point of view of error propagation. The results indicate that the chief causes of analysis uncertainty are poorly known electron backscattering factors and mean ionization potential values. Operating variables such as working voltage or X-ray take-off angle cannot be manipulated so as to reduce the effect of the uncertainties. However, the overall analysis uncertainty remains nearly constant over the entire range of working voltages practical for microanalysis.
Sex Differences in Associations Between Psychosocial Factors and Aberrant Crypt Foci Among Patients at Risk for Colon Cancer

Abstract Background Psychosocial factors may impact cancer risk but sex differences in this domain are understudied. Examining psychosocial factors, such as depression and social support, among colon cancer patients allows for a unique opportunity to study sex differences in the association between psychosocial factors and colon cancer risk in this population. Objective The primary aim of this study was to evaluate sex differences in the association between key psychosocial factors and aberrant crypt foci (ACF), a putative biomarker of colon cancer risk. We hypothesized that higher levels of depression in women and lower levels of social support in men were associated with greater numbers of ACF among individuals at heightened risk for colon cancer. Methods Participants were self-referred or referred by physicians for routine colonoscopy. Within 2 weeks before colonoscopy, participants completed standardized measures assessing psychosocial factors. At colonoscopy, individuals were examined for ACF frequency in the distal 20 cm of the colorectum. Regression β weights were used to examine the association between the psychosocial factors and ACF. Results A total of 93 individuals (51% women, 49% men) consented to the study. Among women, higher levels of depressive symptoms were associated with greater numbers of ACF; among men, lower levels of social support were associated with greater numbers of ACF. Conclusions These results suggest that although colon cancer affects men and women equally with regard to morbidity and mortality rates, there were important sex differences in how psychosocial variables were related to colon cancer risk. Psychosocial interventions aimed at targeting these types of factors are warranted but need to consider the role of sex.
Altered trophoblast proliferation is insufficient to account for placental dysfunction in Egfr null embryos

Abstract Homozygosity for the Egfr tm1Mag null allele in mice leads to genetic background dependent placental abnormalities and embryonic lethality. Molecular mechanisms or genetic modifiers that differentiate strains with surviving versus non-surviving Egfr nullizygous embryos have yet to be identified. Egfr transcripts in wildtype placenta were quantified by ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) and the lowest level of Egfr mRNA expression was found to coincide with Egfr tm1Mag homozygous lethality. Immunohistochemical analysis of ERBB family receptors, ERBB2, ERBB3, and ERBB4, showed similar expression between Egfr wildtype and null placentas indicating that Egfr null trophoblast do not up-regulate these receptors to compensate for EGFR deficiency. Significantly fewer numbers of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) positive trophoblast were observed in Egfr nullizygous placentas and Cdc25a and Myc , genes associated with proliferation, were significantly down-regulated in null placentas. However, strains with both mild and severe placental phenotypes exhibit reduced proliferation suggesting that this defect alone does not account for strain-specific embryonic lethality. Consistent with this hypothesis, intercrosses generating mice null for cell cycle checkpoint genes ( Trp53 , Rb1 , Cdkn1a , Cdkn1b or Cdkn2c ) in combination with Egfr deficiency did not increase survival of Egfr nullizygous embryos. Since complete development of the spongiotrophoblast compartment is not required for survival of Egfr nullizygous embryos, reduction of this layer that is commonly observed in Egfr nullizygous placentas likely accounts for the decrease in proliferation.
Role of alveolar macrophage-T cell adherence in accessory cell function in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals.

Previous work has shown that alveolar macrophages (AM) from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are superior accessory cells (AC) and secrete greater amounts of T cell-stimulatory cytokines than do normal AM. We now examine the role of AM-T cell adherence in AM AC function by examining the ability of beta 2 integrins and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) to block adherence and lymphoproliferation. Mitogen-induced (concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen) adhesion and proliferation were studied in the presence and absence of mAb directed against beta 2 integrins and ICAM-1. AM from normal subjects and HIV-positive patients were used as AC, and normal T cells were used as responders. Normal and HIV AM bound equal numbers of T cells under similar conditions. Adherence was blocked by antibodies to beta 2 integrins and ICAM-1 in both groups. Con A-induced lymphoproliferation was positively correlated with adherence in normal volunteers. In contrast, greater Con A-induced AM-T cell adherence ...
The Magnificent Mountain Women: Adventures in the Colorado Rockies

'Janet Robertson, herself a climber and skier, has done remarkable research, culling anecdotes from letters, journals, and old newspapers, and bringing back to life more than sixty adventurous women who braved skepticism and hardship to experience the challenge and beauty of the Rockies' - "Booklist". 'The use of original source materials, together with the many photographs, lends a ringing authenticity to the book. Then, too, as author Robertson explains, it was time to write it. For the sad truth is that most of the women in this book are unknown or by now forgotten. I think it is an undeserved fate for such magnificent women. It's time to set the record straight. And reading these fascinating stories, we can only agree' - William Dieter, Smithsonian.Since the Pikes Peak gold rush in the mid-nineteenth century, women have gone into the mountains of Colorado to hike, climb, ski, homestead, botanize, act as guides, practice medicine, and meet a variety of other challenges, whether for sport or for livelihood. Janet Robertson recounts their exploits in a lively, well-illustrated book that measures up to its title, "The Magnificent Mountain Women". A professional photographer and writer whose work has appeared in many magazines, Janet Robertson lives in Boulder, Colorado. She has climbed all fifty-four of Colorado's peaks topping fourteen thousand feet and has hiked the length of the Colorado Trail.
Genes of the antioxidant system of the honey bee: annotation and phylogeny

Antioxidant enzymes perform a variety of vital functions including the reduction of life-shortening oxidative damage. We used the honey bee genome sequence to identify the major components of the honey bee antioxidant system. A comparative analysis of honey bee with Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae shows that although the basic components of the antioxidant system are conserved, there are important species differences in the number of paralogs. These include the duplication of thioredoxin reductase and the expansion of the thioredoxin family in fly; lack of expansion of the Theta, Delta and Omega GST classes in bee and no expansion of the Sigma class in dipteran species. The differential expansion of antioxidant gene families among honey bees and dipteran species might reflect the marked differences in life history and ecological niches between social and solitary species.
Prey Responses to Predator's Sounds: A Review and Empirical Study

Many animals assess their risk of predation by listening to and evaluating predators' vocalizations. We reviewed the literature to draw generalizations about predator discrimination abilities, the retention of these abilities over evolutionary time, and the potential underlying proximate mechanisms responsible for discrimination. Broadly, we found that some prey possess an ability to respond to a predator after having been evolutionarily isolated from a specific predator (i.e., predators are allopatric) and that some prey are predisposed to respond to certain types of predators that they coevolved with but without having ecological experience. However, these types of studies are lacking, and relatively, few studies have examined predator discrimination abilities in ungulates. To begin addressing these knowledge gaps, we performed field experiments on Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in which we investigated the ability of deer to discriminate among familiar predators [coyotes (Canis latrans) and mountain lions (Puma concolor)] and an evolutionary relevant predator with which deer have had no recent exposure [locally extinct wolves (Canis lupus)]. We found that Mule deer respond to and discriminate among predators based on predator vocalizations and have retained an ability to respond to wolves that have been extinct from the study area since the early 20th century. Previous playback studies have shown that responses vary among human-habituated and non-habituated populations and differ according to human proximity. Deer greater than 0.5 km from human residences allocated more time to heightened responses both before and after stimulus playback. Our findings may help predict how prey–predator interactions may change as a result of the recovering wolf population with a basis in ecological and evolutionary experience in predator discrimination and desensitization.
Ganglionic blockade by d-amphetamine.

Abstract The actions of d-amphetamine on ganglionic transmission in the isolated stellate ganglion of the hamster were observed. Blockade of the compound action potential by d-amphetamine had a slow onset with an onset half-time of 2–5 min. The concentration-blockade relationship for d-amphetamine was not shifted by phentolamine (10-5 M) or propranolol (10-6 M). The blockade was frequency-dependent, and the frequency-dependence was suppressed by atropine (10-6 M). It was suggested that the frequency-dependence of d-amphetamine involved a muscarinic mechanism. In support of this suggestion, the afterdischarges from repetitive stimulation in hexamethonium were relatively insensitive to d-amphetamine. Also afterdischarges could be recorded after repetitive stimulation in 10-4 M d-amphetamine, without hexamethonium. High concentrations of d-amphetamine (10-3 M) induced discharges in the postganglionic nerve and potentiated the discharges from the cholinergic agonists, DMPP and McN-A-343. Tolerance rapidly developed to these stimulatory effects. These results indicate that ganglionic blockade by d-amphetamine is produced by a different mechanism than ganglionic blockade by the catecholamines.
A variational solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation by a restricted superposition of frozen Gaussian wavepackets

We present a variational solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation formed from a restricted superposition of frozen Gaussian wavepackets. The trial function is comprised of a set of frozen Gaussian wavepackets and a set of three time-dependent variational parameters. The trial wavefunction is subjected to the McLachlan variational principle which leads to a set of equations for the optimal time-evolution of the variational parameters. We present numerical results for the time-evolution of the trial wavefunction on a single-dimensional anharmonic potential energy and compare to the results to the exact time-evolution. Finally, we derive a multi-dimensional generalization of the algorithm.
A Fading Aztec Sun The Mexican opposition and the politics of everyday fear in 1994

■ This article examines the changing nature of contemporary political discourse in Mexico. The traditional nationalist political discourse centered on issues of sovereignty and social justice, carefully cultivated and controlled by the Insititutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) to legitimize its dominant position in a one-party corporate state. Using the 1994 presidential elections as my entry point, I argue that the PRI has undergone a semiotic metamorphosis, shedding nationalist rhetoric and image in favor of global ones. Its discourse has evolved as the domestic socio-economic situation has devolved. Central to this project is the redefinition of national identity. As Chatterjee (1993: 21) observes, 'nation- ness is virtually inseparable from political consciousness'. The PRI is establishing new sets of institutional myths about the relationship between prosperity, the free market and globalization. Complementing its symbolic rebirth is a redefin ition of danger in a stark survivalist narrative - the pol...
Testosterone Increases Singing and Aggression But Not Male-Typical Sexual Partner Preference in Early Estrogen Treated Female Zebra Finches

Female zebra finches given estradiol benzoate (EB) as nestlings and testosterone propionate (TP) as adults show masculinized sexual partner preference, preferring females instead of males. This suggests an organizational effect of EB on sexual partner preference in a socially monogamous species that pairs for life. It is not known whether there is an activational hormone effect on sexual partner preference in this species, or whether adult testosterone treatment is necessary for masculinized preference to be expressed. In this experiment females were injected with EB daily for the first 2 weeks posthatching. As adults they were given TP filled or empty implants. Subjects were then given two-choice preference tests with male vs female stimuli, in which singing as well as proximity to the stimuli was recorded, followed by tests in a group aviary for social behavior and pairing preference. Females with TP implants sang more than females with empty implants and were more aggressive toward other females. They did not, however, differ from females with empty implants in any measure of sexual partner preference. Neither group showed a marked preference for males; instead both groups were equally interested in males and females. Thus adult testosterone treatment is not necessary for early estrogen treated females to show a shift in sexual partner preference in the male-typical direction.
System analytics for smart microgrids

With increasing penetration of communication and control technologies that enable “smart grid” functionalities, an infrastructure is rapidly evolving that will support the formation of networks of sources and loads that are amorphous and dynamic, completely unlike any power system network that is extant today. Researchers are already conceiving microgrids and nanogrids that are completely autonomous, and can morph between grid-connected and islanded modes based on expediency and intrinsic objectives. One of the key aspects for the successful operation of such self-sustaining subsets of the area electric power system is the emerging use of increased analytics in decision-making. This paper examines some of these architectures and discusses possible analytics that are used to describe the operation of these evolutionary “smart microgrids”.
Decreasing mental frailt in at-risk elders

Frailty may be used to describe those older adults who are in precarious balance between their abilities to maintain health and function and their deficits that threaten the balance. Frailty often is described in purely physical terms, omitting the mental and psychologic aspects. When the term is applied to the mental abilities of older adults, frailty is associated with memory vulnerability in the cognitive domain and depression in the psychologic domain. Compromised thinking, anxiety, and decreased confidence in memory are symptoms of mental frailty. This article examines the effects of aging on memory and the intertwining factors of depression and self-efficacy as treatable antecedents of mental frailty in older adults. The article also describes simple assessment techniques, explores memory improvement strategies, and considers nursing implications.
Implementation of a high level language machine

Computing machines which directly execute the statements of a high level language have been proposed in the past. This report describes the actual implementation of such a machine: it is a computer whose “machine language” is APL. The machine is fully operational and correctly executes almost all of the APL operations on scalars, vectors, and arrays. The machine automatically allocates memory, executes statements, calls functions, converts numbers from one type to another, checks subscripts, and automatically detects many types of programmer errors.
DERMAL REACTIVITY TO HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV)

A skin test for immunity to human CMV is described in which skin induration is measured after intradermal injection of heat-inactivated Towne strain CMV antigen. Randomly selected healthy young adult males and non-pregnant females were pre-screened for evidence of past infection with CMV using a latex agglutination test. Each individual was inoculated with 100 ul of test antigen (50 ug) prepared from serum-free supernatants of CMV-infected MRC-5 cells (inactivated at 56°C for 6 hrs). Candida extract (1:1000) and non-infected MRC-5 cell lysates. CMV seropositive individuals elicited positive skin reactions to both the Candida extract and the test antigen. No response was observed at the MRC-5 cell lysate inoculation site. Seronegative individuals who were negative to the test antigen at the start of the study, developed a positive response 8 days after intramuscular immunization with live attenuated Towne strain CMV. This response also correlated with in vitro CMV- induced lymphocyte proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from the immunized individuals and persisted for at least 93 days. In guinea pig experiments with human CMV, those animals immunized with purified CMV, a virus envelope preparation, or a 130-55K glycoprotein complex (isolated by immunoadsorbent column chromatography), developed strong skin reactions to intradermal injection of 5 ug of each of these antigens. A weak reaction was also observed to viral capsid antigen. No reactions were observed in non-immune animals.
Thermodynamics of proton dissociations from aqueous l-methionine at temperatures from (278.15 to 393.15) K, molalities from (0.0125 to 1.0) mol · kg−1, and at the pressure 0.35 MPa: Apparent molar heat capacities and apparent molar volumes of l-methionine, methioninium chloride, and sodium methioninate

We have measured the densities of aqueous solutions of l -methionine, l -methionine plus equimolal HCl, and l -methionine plus equimolal NaOH at temperatures 278.15 ⩽ T /K ⩽ 368.15, at molalities 0.0125 ⩽ m /mol · kg −1 ⩽ 1.0 as solubilities allowed, and at p = 0.35 MPa using a vibrating tube densimeter. We have also measured the heat capacities of these solutions at 278.15 ⩽ T /K ⩽ 393.15 and at the same m and p using a twin fixed-cell differential temperature-scanning calorimeter. We used the densities to calculate apparent molar volumes V ϕ and the heat capacities to calculate apparent molar heat capacities C p , ϕ for these solutions. We used our results and values from the literature for V ϕ ( T , m ) and C p , ϕ ( T , m ) for HCl(aq), NaOH(aq), and NaCl(aq) and the molar heat capacity change Δ r C p ,m ( T , m ) for ionization of water to calculate parameters for Δ r C p ,m ( T , m ) for the two proton dissociations from protonated aqueous cationic l -methionine. We integrated these results in an iterative algorithm using Young’s Rule to account for the effects of speciation and chemical relaxation on V ϕ ( T , m ) and C p , ϕ ( T , m ). This procedure yielded parameters for V ϕ ( T , m ) and C p , ϕ ( T , m ) for methioninium chloride {H 2 Met + Cl − (aq)} and for sodium methioninate {Na + Met − (aq)} which successfully modeled our observed results. Values are given for Δ r C p ,m , Δ r H m , pQ a , Δ r S m , and Δ r V m for the first and second proton dissociations from protonated aqueous l -methionine as functions of T and m .
Effect of Temperature and Potassium Gibberellate on Phases of Growth of Algerian Ivy

THE application of gibberellic acid to mature, fruiting shoots of Hedera was found1a,b to cause a reversion from the shrubby fruiting form to the juvenile vining type of growth. Our experiments have confirmed this response but indicate that it depends on the maintenance of a sufficiently high temperature following treatment.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness and vaccination initiation among women in the United States, National Immunization Survey-Adult 2007

Abstract Objectives To report awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine among women aged 18–49 years and, for recommended women aged 18–26 years, estimate initiation of HPV vaccination and describe factors associated with vaccination initiation among a national sample. Methods Data were analyzed from the National Immunization Survey—Adult, a nationally representative telephone survey conducted May–August 2007. Questions were asked about awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine and vaccine receipt. Results A total of 1102 women aged 18–49 years were interviewed, 168 were aged 18–26 years. Overall, awareness of HPV (84.3%) and of HPV vaccine (78.9%) were high. Among women 18–26 years of age, vaccination initiation (≥ 1 dose) was 10%. Factors associated with vaccination included not being married, living ≥ 200% of the federal poverty index, having health insurance, and vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine. HPV vaccination initiation among women aged 27–49 years was 1%. Conclusions Awareness of HPV and HPV vaccine were high. Two to 5 months after national HPV vaccination recommendations were published, one in ten women 18–26 years old had initiated the HPV vaccine series. Women at a higher socio-economic level were more likely to receive the vaccination. Vaccination initiation and completion will likely increase over the next years. Monitoring uptake is important to identify sub-groups that may not be receiving the vaccination.
Studies on the role of glycosylation in the functions and antigenic properties of influenza virus glycoproteins

The biological and antigenic roles of glycosylation were investigated in the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein using the glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin (TM). Under conditions where only the nonglycosylated form of HA was detected by immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis, the migration of glycoproteins to the cell surface was observed by immunofluorescence using either monospecific or monoclonal antibody to the HA polypeptide. Analysis of the surface fluorescence in TM-treated infected cells by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) showed that all cells exhibited fluorescence in the complete absence of glycosylation. The relative amount of HA antigen on cell surfaces was found to be reduced by only 30-40% in TM-treated cells, and this reflected a similar reduction in intracellular synthesis. Electron microscopic studies using ferritin labeling also demonstrated that the nonglycosylated HA glycoprotein was present in significant amounts on surfaces of infected cells. Virions with nonglycosylated glycoproteins were purified, and were found to have an approximate 30-fold decrease in both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase specific activities. The possible role of oligosaccharides in antigenic variation among various H1N1 strains was investigated. Immunoprecipitation reactions involving five different monoclonal antibodies and five antigenic variants of A/USSR/90/77 revealed no major antigenic differences between the glycosylated and nonglycosylated forms of HA.
Do inherited hypercoagulable states play a role in thrombotic events affecting kidney/pancreas transplant recipients?

: Background: Pancreas graft thrombosis remains the leading non-immunologic cause of graft loss after pancreas transplantation. We studied the role of hypercoagulable states (HCS) in pancreas graft thrombosis (pthx). Methods: Between January 1, 1994, and January 1, 2003, 131 pancreas transplant recipients experienced a pthx (n = 67) or other thrombotic events. Fifty-six recipients consented to have their blood drawn and tested for the HCS. These results were compared with a control group of pancreas transplant recipients who did not experience a thrombotic event. Fisher's exact test was used to compare the groups. Results: We found 18% of the recipients with pancreas thrombosis to have a HCS. Factor V Leiden (FVL) was found in 15% vs. 4% in the control group (p = ns) vs. 3–5% in the general white population. We found 3% of the pancreas thrombosis patients to have a prothrombin gene mutation (PGM) vs. 0% in the control group (p = ns) vs. 1–2% in the general white population. Conclusions: Of pancreas transplant recipients with thrombosis, 18% had one or more of the most common factors associated with a HCS (FVL or PGM). This can be compared with 4% in a control group and 4–7% in the general white population, respectively. Although the differences are not statistically significant due to small numbers, we feel that the findings may be clinically relevant. While this is only a pilot study, it may be reasonable to screen select pancreas transplant candidates for HCS, especially FVL and PGM, until more data become available.
Should We Stay or Should We Go? ‘Organizational’ Relational Identity and Identification in Social Venture Strategic Alliances

ABSTRACTIn tackling some of society's most intractable problems, social ventures often engage in strategic alliances to overcome resource constraints and scale their solutions. While considerable research has focused on why strategic alliances are created, less attention has been focused on how they form and why they may (not) persist. Building on an identity-based perspective, this paper develops a theoretical model of strategic alliance development and change by explaining how, and with what results, leaders of social ventures influence the development of organizational identities within their own organizations and strategic alliance partner organizations. The model presented in this paper contributes to the identity literature by developing a cross-level model that explains how individual identities can facilitate the development of organizational identities and by extending the individual-level construct of relational identity to the organizational level by introducing the constructs of ‘organizationa...
NMR Velocity-Selective Excitation Composites for Flow and Motion Imaging and Suppression of Static Tissue Signal

We propose a technique aimed at increasing the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements to the signal from moving material. The technique is formulated within the framework of a velocity phase-encoding strategy. The salient new feature of the protocol is the application of an excitation pulse, following the conventional 90°excitation and bipolar phase gradient modulation pulses, which rotates the magnetization through -90°. The whole comprises a velocity-selective excitation composite which leaves only magnetization of moving material in the transverse plane.
Analysis of peptides synthesized in the presence of SAz-1 montmorillonite and Cu2+ exchanged hectorite

Abstract We have investigated the synthesis of oligopeptides containing glycine and tyrosine in the presence of the clay minerals montmorillonite (non-exchanged, SAz-1) and Cu2+ exchanged hectorite. In both cases, homopolymers of the two amino acids are formed, as are mixed peptides. In the case of Cu2+ hectorite, mixed oligopeptides up to trimers are detected in small amounts. For montmorillonite, heterogeneous oligopeptides up to hexamers are detected. Our experiments indicate montmorillonite is more effective in promoting oligopeptide formation than Cu2+ hectorite. Analysis of the oligopeptide sequences formed on the montmorillonite surfaces indicates preferential synthesis of certain Gly-Tyr sequences over others.
Tetrabutylammonium fluoride-induced conversion of tresylates to mesylates

Abstract Reaction of secondary 2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonate ester (tresylates) with tetrabutylammonium flouride (TBAF) gives methanesulfonate esters (mesylates) in yields of 60–65%. A possible mechanism for this reaction includes TBAF-induced dehydroflourination followed by hydration and hydrolysis effected by the water in TBAF (1 M in THF), and subsequently decarboxylation. This study show some limitations on the use of tresylates as leaving groups for flourine substitution in nucleophilic displacement reactions.
Severe Deformity of a Palmaz-Schatz Stent After Normal Surgical Manipulation

This report describes a case in which normal surgical manipulation during dissection of the heart while performing a repeat revascularization procedure produced a significant deformity in Palmaz-Schatz stents previously implanted in a saphenous vein graft. The graft had shown satisfactory angiographic appearance immediately before the operation, and consideration was given to leaving it in place. Its replacement, however, prevented a major intraoperative mishap.
Axillo—internal carotid artery bypass in the treatment of neck metastases

Abstract The initial surgical management of neck metastases from head and neck cancer may be complicated if the tumor mass invades the carotid vessels. Acute carotid ligation is associated with a high stroke rate. Consequently preservation of flow to the internal carotid artery is desirable. We will describe two patients in whom preservation of flow was accomplished with the use of a saphenous vein bypass from the axillary artery to the internal carotid artery. The technique is described and has several advantages. First, it preserves flow to the internal carotid artery; second, it allows radical excision of tumor without compromising the margins of resection; and finally, at least one suture line and most of the graft are outside the field of radiation and remote from the wound closure. We believe that this technique is useful in the management of patients with disease that has metastasized to the neck. (J VASC SURG 1985;2:578-80.)
Application of path integral simulations to the study of electron solvation in polar fluids

Abstract The application of path integral calculations to the study of a quantum solute in a classical solvent is reviewed. Recent published results on the hydrated electron are used to illustrate the possibilities of such calculations and to demonstrate their dependence on the assumed electron-solvent potential. New results are presented for the solvated electron in ammonia. The effect of alkylation of ammonia on the nature of the solvated electron is also studied. Various distribution functions which characterize the structure around the solvated electrons are presented and a qualitative discussion is given of the electron absorption spectrum. The electron is found to be relatively compact in all of these solvents, but, in agreement with experiment, it is somewhat more diffuse in methylamine than in ammonia.
Validation of Fire Models Applied to Nuclear Power Plant Safety

The paper highlights key components of a fire model validation study conducted by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Electric Power Research Institute. These include the selection of fire phenomena of interest to nuclear power plant safety, the selection of appropriate models, the selection of relevant experimental data, and the selection of appropriate evaluation criteria. For each model and each quantity of interest, there are two metrics of accuracy. The first is a bias factor, which indicates the extent to which the model tends to over or under-predict the given quantity. The second is a relative standard deviation, which indicates the degree of scatter in the predicted quantity when compared with experimental measurements. While the study is motivated by nuclear power plant safety, the general procedure and results are appropriate for most industrial applications.
Teaching internet algorithmics

We describe an Internet-based approach for teaching important concepts in a Junior-Senior level course on the design and analysis of data structures and algorithms (traditionally called CS7 or DS&A). The main idea of this educational paradigm is twofold. First, it provides fresh motivation for fundamental algorithms and data structures that are finding new applications in the context of the Internet. Second, it provides a source for introducing new algorithms and data structures that are derived from specific Internet applications. In this paper, we suggest some key pedagogical and curriculum updates that can be made to the classic CS7/DS&A course to turn it into a course on Internet Algorithmics. We believe that such a course will stimulate new interest and excitement in material that is perceived by some students to be stale, boring, and purely theoretical. We argue that the foundational topics from CS7/DS&A should remain even when it is taught in an Internet-centric manner. This, of course, should come as no surprise to the seasoned computer scientist, who understands the value of algorithmic thinking.
High-resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of carbohydrates derivatized with a visible dye.

A technique for carbohydrate analysis that is both inexpensive and easily performed is currently unavailable. In this communication we address the problem and have outlined a method for labeling saccharides with a visible dye, 4-amino-1,1'-azobenzene-3, 4'-disulfonic acid, which has an absorption maximum of 489 nm and an extinction coefficient of 37,615, to facilitate visible detection at low levels. The visible dye was coupled by a reductive amination to different sugars. The sugar-dye adducts were then separated by electrophoresis on alkaline polyacrylamide gels. The gels were scanned with a densitometer, and visible sugar-dye adducts were qualitatively analyzed by identifying them according to their mobilities. The sugar-dye adducts were quantified by determining their densitometric volume. The kinetics of the reductive amination reactions, performed at 37 degrees C, were different for each of three saccharides tested. The rate constants for glucose and fucose were 1.31 times greater and 1.8 times greater, respectively, than that of maltotriose. The reductive amination reactions were essentially complete after approximately 16 h under the given experimental conditions. A linear dose-response relationship was observed between the amount of sugar (monosaccharide, trisaccharide, or heptasaccharide) in the reductive amination reaction. The quantity of saccharide-dye adduct that could be visually detected for glucose, maltotriose, and maltoheptaose, was 25, 25, and 50 nmol, respectively. Sugar-dye adducts were separated from one another by varying the acrylamide concentration in the polyacrylamide gels. Sugar-dye adducts of monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides, and heptasaccharides were separated on alkaline 30% polyacrylamide gels with mobilities of 0.778, 0.667, 0.639, and 0.375. Adducts of glucose, fucose, galactose, and mannose were separated with mobilities of 0.844, 0.833, 0.820, and 0.810, respectively, on a 30 to 40% gradient polyacrylamide gel. Adducts of glucose and glucose derivatives were separated on a 35% polyacrylamide gel. This technique provides an inexpensive and easily performed method of carbohydrate analysis to laboratories that do not have the highly trained personnel nor the expensive equipment needed for other methods of carbohydrate analysis. The method is most applicable to research problems where sensitivity (20 pmol) is not a problem. The simplicity of the method also makes it easily incorporated into teaching laboratories.
Symbolic Violence: The Disappearance of the Individual in Marxist Thought

According to Pierre Bourdieu, educational systems are characterized by inculcation, by a need to produce and reproduce the structural and relational conditions of their existence. This need fulfills the educational system's social function of passing on the "cultural arbitrary "1 of both the school and the society. Schooling cannot deviate from this function: it must reproduce the relations between groups and classes as they exist in schools and in the adult world (Bourdieu & Passeron, 1977). In their theory of "'symbolic violence "= Bourdieu and his associates pose the phenomenological question: What must an educational system be in order for it to be able to create and maintain the institutional conditions which allow it to produce a "habitus "3 and to assure its misrecognition by students and teachers alike? They found that it was not possible to reduce this question to an historicai search for the social conditions of a particular educational system. Disagreeing with Durkheim (1956) who sought to understand the nature of educational systems by looking to the early Christian habitus and Greco-Roman heritage, they looked at the forms which schooling and society adopt as they try to solve the problems which confront them. They believed that by examining such structures they could come to understand the social forces which gave rise to such social processes as the division of labour and the autonomization of intellectual centres, the development of a bureaucratic organization of educational systems, and so on. Progress made by such systems -- including payment of teachers, organization and training, standardization of educational organizations over a wide area, examinations, civil service status, and the like -- have all been part of the establishment and institutionalization of pedagogic work. Durkheim identified the medieval university as the first educational "system" in Europe because it had within its structure evaluation criteria which validated the results of inculcation (the diploma). This evaluation component was Durkheim's primary consideration because it united the pedagogic action of inculcation and
The Europeanization of Labour: Structure before Action

At national level, the development of effective labour movements has involved the interaction of two processes: the establishment of formal organizational structures, and the rise of rank-and-file pressure and protest. At European level, recent years have seen significant organizational developments; this article discusses the role of the European Trade Union Confederation and the emergent European Works Councils. As yet, however, there has been no parallel evidence of transnational labour protest, and indeed the obstacles are considerable. Nevertheless, institutional frameworks may create a `political opportunity structure' which facilitates its emergence.
Raman study of hydrogen bonding in the 2-haloethanols

Abstract The high frequency (3000–3700 cm−1) Raman spectra of the 2-haloethanols (XCH2CH2OH2 X  F, Cl, Br and I) were studied as a function of temperature in the neat liquid phase. The two bands in this region, at 3300 and 3600 cm−1, were assigned to the valence mode of inter- and intramolecularly hydrogen bonded OH groups respectively. The intensity ratio, Iintra/Iinter, determined from the resolved band parameters, increases with temperature; calculated values of ΔH exhibit the trend, IBr>Cl>F. A simple picture is introduced which shows these results to be consistent with the order of intramolecular hydrogen bond strengths deduced from an earlier investigation of these alcohols in dilute solution.
Mutual Remodeling and Conformation Grid: A Mediator Code?

How does a common RNA polymerase II apparatus generate a complex pattern of transcripts in response to many gene-specific transcription factors and in accordance with cell's state? In this issue of Structure , Cai et al. reveal that the process involves coordinated conformational changes in Pol II and Mediator.
Strategies for Implementation: The El Camino College Total Quality Management Story.

This article traces the development of the principles and practices of total quality management at El Camino College and the various stages of its implementation. In addition, the article addresses several issues that arose during implementation that resulted from resistance to change within the institution and describes several pitfalls and traps that can occur without careful implementation analysis and involvement of all constituent groups.