cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concordance and predictors of concordance of children's dietary intake as reported via ecological momentary assessment and 24 h recall.

Objective To provide preliminary evidence in support of using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a real-time data capture method involving repeated assessments, to measure dietary intake in children by examining the concordance of children's dietary reports through EMA and 24 h recall. Design Children completed eight days of EMA surveys, reporting on recent dietary intake of four pre-specified food categories ('Fruits or Vegetables', 'Chips or Fries', 'Pastries or Sweets', 'Soda or Energy Drinks'), and completed two 24 h recalls during the same period. Concordance of children's reports of intake during matched two-hour time windows from EMA and 24 h dietary recall was assessed using cross-tabulation. Multilevel logistic regression examined potential person-level (i.e. sex, age, ethnicity and BMI category) predictors of concordance. Setting Children in Los Angeles County, USA, enrolled in the Mothers' and Their Children's Health (MATCH) study. Subjects One hundred and forty-four 144 children (53 % female; mean age 9·6 (sd 0·9) years; 34·0 % overweight/obese). Results Two-hour concordance varied by food category, ranging from 64·9 % for 'Fruits/Vegetables' to 89·9 % for 'Soda/Energy Drinks'. In multilevel models, overweight/obese (v. lean) was associated with greater odds (OR; 95 % CI) of concordant reporting for 'Soda/Energy Drinks' (2·01; 1·06, 4·04) and 'Pastries/Sweets' (1·61; 1·03, 2·52). Odds of concordant reporting were higher for Hispanic (v. non-Hispanic) children for 'Pastries/Sweets' (1·55; 1·02, 2·36) and for girls (v. boys) for 'Fruits/Vegetables' (1·36; 1·01, 1·83). Conclusions Concordance differed by food category as well as by person-level characteristics. Future research should continue to explore use of EMA to facilitate dietary assessment in children.
Functional analysis of SLC39A8 mutations and their implications for manganese deficiency and mitochondrial disorders.

SLC39A8 encodes ZIP8, a divalent metal ion transporter. Mutations in the SLC39A8 gene are associated with congenital disorder of glycosylation type II and Leigh syndrome. Notably, affected patients with both disorders exhibited severe manganese (Mn) deficiency. The cellular function of human SLC39A8 (hSLC39A8) and the mechanisms by which mutations in this protein lead to human diseases are unclear. Herein, we show that hSLC39A8 mediates 54Mn uptake by the cells, and its expression is regulated by Mn. While expression of wild-type hSLC39A8 increased 54Mn uptake activity, disease-associated mutations abrogated the ability of the transporter to mediate Mn uptake into the cells, thereby providing a causal link to severe Mn deficiency. All mutants failed to localize on the cell surface and were retained within the endoplasmic reticulum. Interestingly, expression of hSLC39A8 mutants of both CDG type II and Leigh syndrome reduced mitochondrial 54Mn levels and activity of Mn-dependent mitochondrial superoxide dismutase MnSOD, and in turn increased oxidative stress. The expression of wild-type hSLC39A8, but not the disease-associated mutants, promoted mitochondrial functions. Moreover, loss of function analyses further corroborate hSLC39A8’s critical role in mediating Mn uptake and mitochondrial function. Our results provide a potential pathogenic mechanism of diseases that are associated with hSLC39A8 mutations.
Thrombectomy Using Myocardial Biopsy Forceps in Acute Limb Ischemia Patients.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of thrombectomy using myocardial biopsy forceps for the treatment of acute limb ischemia (ALI). Materials and Methods A retrospective review of 11 ALI patients (12 affected limbs, 18 affected vessels) who underwent thrombectomy using biopsy forceps between November 2011 and April 2016 was performed. Of the 12 affected limbs, 2 limbs had stent thrombosis, 1 limb had thrombotic occlusion at a de novo stenosis site, and 9 limbs had embolic ALI. Biopsy forceps were used for angiographically limited arterial flow that persisted after the use of an aspiration catheter and conventional balloon angioplasty. The general technique for use of the biopsy forceps included advancement in parallel to a guidewire to the thrombus site, grasping of the thrombus with the forceps, and confirmation of grasping the thrombus with injection of a contrast medium prior to thrombus extraction. Results Partial or total retrieval of the thrombus was angiographically confirmed in 12 of the 18 affected vessels, with restoration of normal blood flow in 11 vessels. Unsuccessful results in the remaining 6 affected vessels appeared to be due to friction at the aortoiliac bifurcation caused by the contralateral approach, small vessel size, or curvature of the anterior tibial artery. None of the 18 treated vessels had any complications such as dissection or perforation of the target vessel wall and distal emboli. None of the surviving patients required major or minor amputation. Conclusions Thrombectomy using biopsy forceps is a feasible technique for removal of an arterial thrombus in patients with ALI.
SEER study of ablation versus partial nephrectomy in cT1A renal cell carcinoma.

AIM Compare ablation versus partial nephrectomy (PN) in T1A renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment, using the SEER database. METHODS Patients with diagnosed T1A RCC from 2004 to 2013 were identified. Propensity matching paired subjects with similar background variables. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression were performed before and after matching. RESULTS Cohort included 4592 patients (809 ablation, 3783 PN). PN compared with ablation group had significantly increased overall survival (OS; 93.6% vs 81.9% 5-year survival; p < 0.0001) and cancer-specific survival (CSS; p < 0.0001). After matching (1222 pairs), PN group had significantly increased OS (91.0% vs 86.3% 5-year survival; p = 0.0457) but similar CSS (p = 0.4023). CONCLUSION Ablation offers similar CSS but lower OS as PN for T1A RCC in this SEER database.
Lithium treatment of cyclic hematopoiesis in the gray collie.

Cyclic hematopoiesis is a rare human disorder for which a remarkably close analogue exists in collie dogs. This disorder in the dog, variously named the “lethal grey syndrome,” the “grey collie syndrome,” “canine cyclic neutropenia,” and “canine cyclic hematopoiesis” is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by grey coat color, cyclic fluctuations in blood cell counts, recurrent infections, and premature death (Lund et al., 1967). Approximately 50% of these grey collies die from infections before they reach 3 weeks of age. Initial studies showed that the neutrophil counts cycled at 11 to 13 day intervals and that the distribution and survival of neutrophils in the circulation is normal (Dale et al., 1972b). Later studies showed that reticulocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils also cycled with the same period length (although not in phase with one another) and suggested that varying marrow production of cells accounted for these fluctuations (Dale et al., 1972a; Patt et al., 1973). in human cyclic hematopoiesis, regular 21 day cycles of neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, platelets, and reticulocytes also occur and the neutropenic periods are accompanied by local infections and considerable morbidity (Dale and Wolff, 1972; Guerry et al., 1973). The human defect likewise appears to reside in a periodic decrease of cell production by the marrow. Thus, we have proposed that a more thorough understanding of this model disease in the dog should provide insights into the mechanisms regulating marrow cell production in man.
Dye coupling of rabbit ciliary epithelial cells in vitro.

PURPOSE: To examine the in vitro properties of gap junctions on the isolated rabbit ciliary epithelium. METHODS: Intracellular potential was measured and lucifer yellow (5% in 1 M LiCl) was iontophoretically injected into a ciliary epithelial cell. Fixated tissue was examined with a laser confocal microscope. RESULTS: Dye spread was observed throughout both layers (horizontally and vertically) of the ciliary epithelium adjacent to the injected cell that was more intensely labeled. Dye reflux did not occur at the site of microimpalement. Microiontophoretic dye injection in a bathing solution with a high Ca2+ (10 mM) or an acidic pH (6.3) completely inhibited cell-cell dye coupling in the rabbit ciliary epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: Laser confocal microscopy of intracellularly injected lucifer yellow dye demonstrates the physiologic presence of gap junctions between both ciliary epithelial layers. Extracellular acidosis and high concentration of extracellular Ca2+ cause loss of cell-cell coupling in the rabbit ciliary epithelium.
An N-heterocyclic amine chelate capable of antioxidant capacity and amyloid disaggregation.

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the development of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, deposition of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, along with a disruption of transition metal ion homeostasis in conjunction with oxidative stress. Spectroscopic, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy imaging studies show that 1 (pyclen) is capable of both preventing and disrupting Cu2+ induced AB1–40 aggregation. The pyridine backbone of 1 engenders antioxidant capacity, as shown by cellular DCFH-DA (dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) assay in comparison to other N-heterocyclic amines lacking this aromatic feature. Finally, 1 prevents cell death induced by oxidative stress as shown by the Calcein AM assay. The results are supported using density functional theory studies which show that the pyridine backbone is responsible for the antioxidant capacity observed.
Diffusion MRI Biomarkers of White Matter Damage in Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), or intracranial injury, induces rapid deformations of the brain and skull that ultimately result in diffuse axonal injury caused by pathological cascades in response to primary damage. As axonal injury can often disrupt networks responsible for cognitive, behavioral, affective, and autonomic function, TBI is a leading cause of disability, morbidity, and mortality that contributes to a significant public health burden worldwide. However, making accurate, specific prognosis predictions and treatment plans is difficult for two main reasons: (1) TBI is inherently heterogeneous, due to variability in mechanism of injury, type of force that induced the injury, severity of injury, as well as individual structural and premorbid health conditions. (2) Current clinical imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, are not sensitive to diffuse axonal injury. For example, in mild cases of TBI, CT and MR scans can appear normal, despite the presence of debilitating post-concussive symptoms. Since diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) can detect white matter integrity by measuring the flow of water, they are promising techniques to examine specific axonal damage in TBI. This chapter reviews the specific issues in current prognosis assessments of TBI, the mechanics of DTI and HARDI imaging, current studies of neuroanatomical changes in TBI utilizing DTI and HARDI, and future directions for identifying effective biomarkers of TBI.
Community attitudes about discussing sexual health: assessing public opinion of local STD prevention campaigns.

Objectives We assessed public views about the acceptability of and need for sexually transmitted disease (STD) and sexual health-related educational messaging in local campaigns. Methods A 28-item state-added module was included in the 2008 New York Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (n=3,751). Respondents rated acceptability of venues/dissemination channels and messaging and agreement with attitudinal/need statements. Additional data were analyzed from a separate state survey with individual county samples (n=36,257). We conducted univariate, bivariate, and multivariable modeling analyses. Results Each venue was acceptable to more than three-quarters of respondents (range: 79% for billboards to 95% for teaching STD prevention in high school). All message areas were acceptable to at least 85% of respondents (acceptability rating range: 85% to 97%). More than 70% agreed that there is a need for more open discussion about STDs. Bivariate analyses identified areas where messaging tailored to specific subgroups may be helpful (e.g., 26% of white people, 44% of African Americans, and 45% of Hispanic people agreed with the statement, "I need ideas about how to talk to my partner about protection from STDs"). Little geographic variation was seen. Results of multivariable modeling on opposition showed limited interaction effects. Conclusion These data provide key information about current community norms and reflect the public's approval for hearing and seeing more about sexual health and STDs in a range of public forums.
The impact of metabolic syndrome on 30-day outcomes in geriatric hip fracture surgeries

Past literature has reported metabolic syndrome (MetS) to complicate postoperative care in patients undergoing various surgical procedures. We sought to analyze the impact of MetS on 30-day outcomes following hip fracture surgeries in the geriatric population. The 2015–2016 ACS-NSQIP database was queried for patients undergoing hip fracture repair using CPT codes for total hip arthroplasty (27130), hemiarthroplasty (27125) and open reduction internal fixation (27236, 27244, 27245). Only patients ≥ 65 years of age undergoing surgery due to a traumatic hip fracture were included in the study. MetS was defined using preset criteria used by other NSQIP studies as the presence of—(1) diabetes mellitus AND (2) hypertension requiring medication AND (3) BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Out of 31,621 patients, a total of 1388 (4.4%) geriatric patients with MetS underwent hip fracture surgery. Following adjusted analysis, the presence of MetS was associated with higher odds of a prolonged length of stay > 5 days (OR 1.14 [95% CI 1.01–1.29]; p = 0.031), deep SSI (OR 2.48 [95% CI 1.20–5.14]; p = 0.014), progressive renal insufficiency (OR 3.27 [95% CI 1.98–5.42]; p < 0.001), acute renal failure (OR 2.08 [95% CI 1.04–4.15]; p = 0.038), urinary tract infection (OR 1.43 [95% CI 1.12–1.81]; p = 0.004), 30-day readmissions (OR 1.28 [95% CI 1.08–1.52]; p = 0.005) and a non-home discharge (OR 1.42 [95% CI 1.18–1.71]; p < 0.001). MetS is associated with a significantly increased risk of several postoperative complications, readmissions and non-home discharge dispositions. Providers can utilize these data to promote the need for better perioperative care in these high-risk patients.
Twelve-Year Review of Urban Versus Rural Off-road Vehicle Injuries at a Level 1 Trauma Center

Abstract Objective Traditionally, all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and dirt bikes (DBs) have been used in rural locations for recreation and work. Recently, there has been an increase in the use of these vehicles in an urban environment. The aim of this study is to compare the injury patterns of patients involved in crashes while riding off-road vehicles in both urban (UORV) and rural (RORV) environment. Methods A retrospective review (2005-2016) of patients who presented to an urban level 1 trauma center as a result of any ATV or DB crash was performed. UORV was defined as any ATV or DB accident that occurred on paved inner city, suburban, or major roadways. RORV was defined as those accidents that occurred on secondary roadways or off-road. Patients who presented more than 48 h from time of accident were excluded. A P Results Five hundred and twenty-eight patients were identified to have an ATV or DB injury (RORV n = 296 [56%]; UORV n = 232 [44%]). UORV accidents had a higher Injury Severity Score (12.2 versus 9.7; P Conclusions Our data suggest that UORV use was associated with decreased helmet use, higher mean Injury Severity Score, lower presenting Glasgow Coma Scale, an increased need for emergent trauma bay procedures, higher unhelmeted Abbreviated Injury Scale head scores, and higher rates of extremity injuries.
Auctions with Entry versus Entry in Auctions

We show that charging entry fees can sometimes dominate the benefit of recruiting additional bidders to auctions, even though the fees themselves implicitly reduce competition at the auction stage. We also highlight that admission fees and reserve prices are different instruments in a setting with uncertainty over entry costs, and that optimal mechanisms in such settings may be higher-dimensional than in Myerson (1981). Our results provide a counterpoint to the broad intuition of Bulow and Klemperer (1996) that market thickness often takes precedence over market power in auction design.
A Probabilistic Robust Coordinated Approach to Stabilize Power Oscillations in DFIG-Based Power Systems

The adverse effects resulting from the intermittent nature of wind energy on power generation and stability is well documented in the literature. More specifically, the impact of power oscillations on doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbines can have drastic effects and even lead to large area blackouts, if not addressed properly. This paper deals with the design and implementation of a probabilistic coordinated approach for power systems with synchronous generators (SGs), DFIGs, and facts devices. The parameters of the power system stabilizers (PSSs) of the SG, power oscillation dampers (POD) of the DFIGs and STATCOM controllers were optimally coordinated using a modified Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (MICA) combined with a probabilistic eigenvalue approach. The proposed approach was implemented to a modified 39-bus New England power system. Its effectiveness in guaranteeing power system's dynamic stability was assessed using time domain analysis, eigenvalue mapping, and robustness analysis under various wind conditions. DFIG's realistic modes of operation, including normal, synchronous, and sub-synchronous modes were considered in the performance analysis. The obtained results were further compared to those of deterministic and uncoordinated approaches. A comparison of the MCA algorithm to other optimization approaches such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), and imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is also carried out. The simulation results and robustness analysis confirmed the superiority of the proposed probabilistic approach over various other approaches.
The Utility of Social Experimentation in Policy Research

Social experiments are a relatively new phenomenon. None of the examples which I have considered predate the mid-sixties, when several major experiments were undertaken as a part of the expansion of social welfare programs of the Johnson administration. Social experimentation was then a largely untried and undeveloped methodology, and much was expected of it. As with other innovations, it turned out that it could not deliver as much as it promised, and we are now beginning to understand its limitations. My purpose in this paper is to review the advantages and disadvantages of social experimentation in policy research, with emphasis on its use in communications policy work. I take a rather skeptical view of it, because it seems to me that its problems may easily be underestimated. These problems are serious. They need to be anticipated and solved, or they will ruin a lot of expensive research.
Stereospecific synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and oral bioavailability of tetrahydropyrimidin-2-one HIV protease inhibitors.

The use of tetrahydropyrimidinones as an alternate scaffold for designing HIVPR inhibitors has advantages, over the previously disclosed hexahydro-1,3-diazepin-2-ones, of being more unsymmetrical (different P1/P1‘), less crystalline, more soluble, and more lipophilic (mono-ol vs diol). They show a better translation of Ki to IC90 for the more polar P2 groups that in general give the more potent enzyme inhibitors. Structure−activity relationship (SAR) studies of the tetrahydropyrimidinones showed that the phenylethyl P1‘ substituent, the hydroxyl group, and the urea carbonyl are all critical for good activity. However, there was significant flexibility in the possible P2/P2‘ substituents that could be used. Many analogues that contained identical or different P2/P2‘ substituents, or only one P2 substituent, were found to have excellent enzyme potency and several had excellent antiviral potency. Several of these compounds were examined for oral bioavailability in the rat or the dog at 10 mg/kg. However, the...
Analysis of Inlet Velocity Profiles in Numerical Assessment of Fontan Hemodynamics

Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations are widely utilized to assess Fontan hemodynamics that are related to long-term complications. No previous studies have systemically investigated the effects of using different inlet velocity profiles in Fontan simulations. This study implements real, patient-specific velocity profiles for numerical assessment of Fontan hemodynamics using CFD simulations. Four additional, artificial velocity profiles were used for comparison: (1) flat, (2) parabolic, (3) Womersley, and (4) parabolic with inlet extensions [to develop flow before entering the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC)]. The differences arising from the five velocity profiles, as well as discrepancies between the real and each of the artificial velocity profiles, were quantified by examining clinically important metrics in TCPC hemodynamics: power loss (PL), viscous dissipation rate (VDR), hepatic flow distribution, and regions of low wall shear stress. Statistically significant differences were observed in PL and VDR between simulations using real and flat velocity profiles, but differences between those using real velocity profiles and the other three artificial profiles did not reach statistical significance. These conclusions suggest that the artificial velocity profiles (2)-(4) are acceptable surrogates for real velocity profiles in Fontan simulations, but parabolic profiles are recommended because of their low computational demands and prevalent applicability.
The intrinsically disordered region of the cytokinetic F-BAR protein Cdc15 performs a unique essential function in maintenance of cytokinetic ring integrity

Cdc15’s F-BAR domain can be exchanged with other F-BAR domains, but Cdc15’s intrinsically disordered region (IDR) cannot. Deleting part of the IDR results in fragile CRs and reduced calcineurin at ...
ultraBBL: Brazilian Butt Lift Using Real-Time Intraoperative Ultrasound Guidance

Gluteal augmentation via fat grafting is a powerful body contouring technique that can create impressive results not obtainable with implants or liposuction alone. This procedure is very technique dependent and because of the too frequent fatal complications, it has been recommended that surgeons avoid intramuscular injection and only fat graft in the subcutaneous space above the deep gluteal fascia. The subcutaneous space, however, is a thin curving dome that ranges in thickness from 1 cm at the outer hips to 3–4 cm at the central gluteal dome. This creates a difficult target for gluteal surgeons who do not use intraoperative imaging. Real-time intraoperative ultrasound-guided fat grafting during a Brazilian butt lift (ultraBBL) allows the surgeon to consistently avoid an intramuscular injection and manipulate the two distinct subcutaneous gluteal spaces. With ultrasound, the surgeon can target either the deep or superficial gluteal spaces to precisely control fat graft volume and distribution, create projection, and correct superficial irregularities. The surgeon can also create ultrasound video of the entire procedure to document that they remained above the deep gluteal fascia at all times and analyze how their fat graft placement affected their ultimate clinical results. Recent advances in ultrasound technology have made real-time intraoperative ultrasound an affordable tool than can not only make a Brazilian butt lift more accurate and powerful, but safer, as well.
Poster Abstract: Investigating Fusion-Based Deep Learning Architectures for Smoking Puff Detection

Supervised deep learning methods have the ability to extract useful features from raw data when a sufficient volume of labeled data is available for training. However, in emerging application areas such as mobile health, the high cost of data collection often precludes collecting large-scale labeled data sets. As a result, machine learning pipelines based on hand-engineered features remain common. In this paper, we investigate architectures for combining hand-engineered features with deep learning-based feature extraction from raw data to enhance prediction performance on small labeled data sets. We use smoking puff detection from wearable sensor data as an example application domain.
Hacking and Ransomware: Challenges for Institutions Both Large and Small

OBJECTIVE. This commentary discusses the need for awareness of and action against hackers and ransomware to protect medical data. CONCLUSION. Efforts must be made by medical groups at all levels to reinforce security measures, maintain an upgraded computing infrastructure to combat new hacking techniques, and share knowledge obtained from hacking incidents.
Clinical "Real-World" Experience with Letermovir for Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients

Introduction Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common opportunistic infection following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Letermovir was approved in 2017 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prevention of CMV infection in allogeneic HCT patients. Letermovir was shown to be safe and effective in the phase 3 trial but published post-marketing data with this new agent is scarce. Objectives To describe our "real-world" clinical experience with letermovir. Methods Twenty-five CMV positive (R+) allogeneic HCT recipients transplanted between March 2018 and January 2019 who received letermovir prophylaxis (until day 100) were included in the treatment group. A historical group of 106 CMV R+ allogeneic HCT recipients transplanted between September 2012 and June 2016 who underwent CMV preemptive therapy served as control group. We compared the incidence of both CMV reactivation (any viremia) and clinically significant CMV infection (CS-CMVi; defined as any detectable CMV DNAemia leading to preemptive treatment or presence of CMV tissue invasive disease) between initiation of letermovir and days +100 and +200 post-HCT. Results CMV reactivation within 100 days post-HCT was lower in the letermovir group vs. control group (20% vs. 72% respectively, P Conclusion This study confirms the efficacy of letermovir in preventing CMV reactivation in CMV R+ allogeneic HCT recipients in first 100 days post-HCT and suggests sustained efficacy after discontinuation of prophylaxis. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of letermovir use beyond 100 days post-HCT.
Thoracotomy Approach is Associated with Less Right Ventricular Failure and Shorter Length of Stay: An Intermacs Analysis of Nearly 1000 Implants via Thoracotomy

Purpose Traditional implantation of Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs) has been performed via median sternotomy. Smaller series of carefully selected patients have suggested a thoracotomy approach may prevent right ventricular failure (RVF) and result in shorter lengths of stay (LOS). We sought to assess the impact of a thoracotomy on outcomes compared to a sternotomy in general clinical use as reported to Intermacs. Methods Retrospective analysis of continuous flow primary LVAD implants from Intermacs between 6/2/2014-12/31/2018 were identified. Logistic regression for moderate/severe RVF at 1 and 3 months by surgical approach was performed. Primary endpoints of time to first RVF and median LOS were analyzed in aggregate, by pump flow type (axial, centrifugal, Full MagLev), and by surgical approach (sternotomy v. thoracotomy). Secondary analysis of survival was performed. Results Total of 11185 patients were identified (10207 sternotomy, 978 thoracotomy). After multivariate regression, in aggregate thoractomy was independently associated with less for RVF at 1 month (p=0.01) and trended toward less RVF at 3 months (p=0.06). Time to first RVF was significantly different based on pump type with centrifugal pump having significantly less RVF with thoracotomy approach. Time to first RVF was not significantly different based on surgical approach for axial and Full MagLev pumps. LOS was shorter for thoracotomy patients (17 vs 19 days, p Conclusion Less-invasive, thoracotomy approach to LVAD placement is associated with less RVF in short term follow up and has a shorter post-operative LOS. Pump type significantly influences the advantage of thoracotomy approach with only centrifugal flow pumps benefiting. Randomized trials to further investigate are needed.
All Things Equal? Heterogeneity in Policy Effectiveness against COVID-19 Spread in Chile.

Several variables and practices affect the evolution and geographic spread of COVID-19. Some of these variables pertain to policy measures such as social distancing, quarantines for specific areas, and testing availability. In this paper, I analyze the effect that lockdown and testing policies had on new contagions in Chile, especially focusing on potential heterogeneity given by population characteristics. Leveraging a natural experiment in the determination of early quarantines, I use an Augmented Synthetic Control Method to build counterfactuals for high and lower-income areas that experienced a lockdown during the first two months of the pandemic. I find substantial differences in the impact that quarantine policies had for different populations: While lockdowns were effective in containing and reducing new cases of COVID-19 in higher-income municipalities, I find no significant effect of this measure for lower-income areas. To further explain these results, I test for difference in mobility during quarantine for high and lower-income municipalities, as well as delays in test results and testing availability. These findings are consistent with previous results, showing that differences in the effectiveness of lockdowns could be partially attributed to heterogeneity in quarantine compliance in terms of mobility, as well as differential testing availability for higher and lower-income areas.
Expedited Successive Departure Operation Concept and Initial Evaluations

Over the past decade, the proliferation of Performance Based Navigation (PBN)-enabled diverging departure procedures has increased departure capacity, reduced delay, and lowered aircraft emissions at major airports across the National Airspace System. However, increasing departure capacity at airports with narrow departure corridors remains challenging as implementations of additional departure paths and the current requirement for immediate divergence may markedly change an airport's noise footprint. This paper explores options for capacity-enhancing application of divergence-based initial spacing without requiring aircraft to diverge immediately after departure. It presents the analysis approach taken to characterize departure performance of aircraft observed in actual operations and the simulation model developed to estimate collision risk. The results indicate that the proposed operations meet target level of safety requirements for aircraft on PBN procedures that diverge within 10 miles after departure and suggest the feasibility of realizing departure capacity benefits while minimizing changes to the noise footprint of the operations.
Promoting farmers market via information nudges and coupons: A randomized control trial

Farmers markets, an important direct‐to‐consumer market, have shown signs of declining sales since 2007. This trend has raised concern about their future viability, inciting stakeholders to consider new marketing and development approaches. Unfortunately, the literature on these approaches is largely qualitative, with little empirical or experimental evidence assessing impact or effectiveness. We present results from a randomized control trial measuring the efficacy of an informational nudge—a mailed coupon—in attracting new customers to a winter farmers market in Northern Colorado. Previous research identified perceived lack of product assortment at farmers markets as a major barrier to consumer attendance; accordingly, half of the coupons in our experiment emphasized the wide range of products sold at the market, while the control coupons presented general market information. We mailed 6000 physical coupons redeemable for $10 to randomly selected households in Fort Collins, Colorado, during the 2017–2018 market season. One hundred and eleven coupons were redeemed (1.85%), of which 58 were treatment and 53 control. While the coupon was somewhat effective at attracting new customers (36% had never attended the winter farmers market), there were no statistically significant differences in redemption rates between treatment and control. We thus find that the information nudge was not enough to influence the decision to attend the winter farmers market. EconLit citations: Q13, Q18.
Where histories reside: India as filmed space: by Priya Jaikumar, Durham, Duke University Press, 2019, 398 pp., $29.95. ISBN: 9781478004752

Those of us who prefer to present a visualized history of India during the colonial era in our classrooms, Where Histories Reside: India as Filmed Space is a great resource. The book’s analysis of ...
Effect of Nonstructural Elements on Lateral Load Distribution and Rating of Slab and T-Beam Bridges

Abstract Load distribution factor for truck loads is a key parameter in evaluating the load-carrying capacity of existing bridges. This study aimed to investigate load rating procedures for reinfor...
Measurement Unknown Delay Estimation in Cyber-Physical Systems: a PDE approach

Delays in distributed large-scale systems are sources of uncertainties and instabilities, making control of these systems challenging. The control issue becomes critical when the controller depends on measurements that are subjected to unknown delays. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are subjected to delays due to both physical and cyber components delay. To improve the performance of these systems, delay estimation and mitigation is of the utmost importance. This paper considers an unknown delay in a distributed cyber-physical system due to the communication and sensor measurement delays. This paper aims to provide an observer-based algorithm to estimate the unknown delay and the states of the system despite the effects of delay. The proposed algorithm consists of a Partial Differential Equation (PDE) observer designed based on a transport PDE delay model. The stability analysis of the proposed method is developed using the Lyapunov methods. A numerical example and simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested method.
Haemophilia and Haemostasis: A Case-Based Approach to Management

Haemophilia and haemostasis , Haemophilia and haemostasis , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
The Acquisition of Syntactic Structure: Animacy and Thematic Alignment

1. Introduction 2. The syntax of displacing and non-displacing predicates 3. Argument hierarchies 4. Animacy and adult sentence processing 5. Animacy and children's language 6. Modeling the acquisition of displacing predicates 7. Conclusions and origins.
Indelicate Imbalancing in Copyright and Patent Law

Courts and commentators routinely claim that copyrights and patents aim to strike a delicate balance between public and private interests. No such balance exists, however. Intractable knowledge problems preclude lawmakers from even measuring the many, fluctuating, and unquantifiable interests affected by copyrights and patents, must less setting those interests in equipoise. Due to public choice problems, moreover, we can expect no better from lawmakers than indelicate imbalances in favor of certain lobbies. Copyrights and patents serve worthy utilitarian ends. They will fail to reach them, however, if we count on centralized political authorities to delicately balance public and private interests. Instead, copyright and patent policy should aim at promoting the progress of science and useful arts through the decentralized enforcement of common law rights.
Chronic Bronchitis in Childhood: What Is It?

According to national statistics, over 2.5 million children have chronic bronchitis (CB). The characteristics of childhood CB and the similarities to the adult form are unknown. To determine the conditions under which childhood CB is diagnosed and to evaluate how it is treated, questionnaires were sent to 103 pediatricians and family physicians to Tucson. Forty-five percent responded. A chronic productive cough lasting at least three months a year was important for the diagnosis of CB for only 55% of pediatricians and 74% of family physicians. Recurrent episodes of cough lasting more than two weeks were important for the diagnosis of CB for 86% pediatricians. Sputum production was important for the diagnosis for about 50% of physicians felt that allergies were a common cause of childhood CB and bronchodilators were commonly used to treat CB. The results of this survey suggest that: (1) the diagnosis of CB in childhood is not often based on the usual epidemiologic criteria used for diagnosing CB in adults; and (2) CB in childhood may have considerable overlap with asthma with respect to etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. In fact, for many children, there appear to be few ways to distinguish asthma from CB.
Persistent Cyclic Herpes Simplex Virus Infection In Vitro IV. Changes in the Severity of the Infections in the Presence of Antibody

Abstract Hampar, Berge (National Institute of Dental Research, Bethesda, Md.). Persistent cyclic herpes simplex virus infection in vitro. IV. Changes in the severity of the infections in the presence of antibody. J. Bacteriol. 92:1741–1747. 1966.—The severity of persistent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections maintained in the presence of viral antibody (AB) changed with time. These changes could be divided into three distinct phases during which the severity of the infections were maintained at low (phase 1), high (phase 2), and intermediate (phase 3) levels. Paralleling these changes was the appearance in the cultures of a new HSV variant which induced the formation of giant cells. The changes in the severity of the infections were attributable to three factors. The first was the presence in the cultures of virus-resistant cells. The second was the suppressive effects due to virus neutralization by the AB. The third was the inherent properties of each HSV variant which determined the amount of virus remaining in an infectious form in the presence of AB. Finally, the period of “exacerbation” in vitro (phase 2) was compared with recurrent episodes in human herpes infection.
Investigations in Unsupervised Back-of-the-Book Indexing

This paper describes our experiments with unsupervised methods for back-of-the-book index construction. Through comparative evaluations performed on a gold standard data set of 29 books and their corresponding indexes, we draw conclusions as to what are the most accurate unsupervised methods for automatic index construction. We show that if the right sequence of methods and heuristics is used, the performance of an unsupervised back-of-the-book index construction system can be raised with up to 250% relative increase in F-measure as compared to the performance of a system based on the traditional tf*idf weighting scheme.
Photographie des fluoreszenzspektrums schwacher oder millimeterkleiner leuchter: Uran-nachweis mit der natriumfluoridperle, Untersuchung fluoreszierender thermalwasserabsätze und dergl

Zusammenfassung Die fluoreszenz-spektrographische Untersuchung ermoglicht nicht bloss einen qualitative Urannachweis kleinster Mengen dieses Elementes in Wassern verschiedener Herkunft oder in Mineralien, sondern nach Hernegger bezw. Hernegger und Karlik auch eine quantitative Uranbestimmung bei photometrischer Auswertung der Spektralaufnahmen. Die mitunter schwache Fluoreszenz oder die Kleinheit haufig vorliegender Proben haben bei den ublichen Spektrographen allerdings unangenehm lange Belichtungszeiten zur Folge. Es wird deshalb der Ausbau eines bereits fruher vom Verf. entwikkelten Kleinbildspektrographen mit der Contax und einem Handspektroskop zur Aufnahme von Fluoreszenzspektren beschrieben, welcher mit verhahltnismassig kurzen Belichtungszeiten selbst von Objekten unter einem Millimeter Grosse gute Spektralaufnahmen mit engetragener Wellenlangenskala liefert; die Handhabung des Gerates, Kunstgriffe bei den Aufnahmen and Hinweise uber die Wahl des Aufnahmeobjektives, die Entwicklung, die zweckmassige Aufnahmeschicht und uber Farbaufnahmen der Spektren werden mitgeteilt. Bei Erorterung der das Fluoreszenzspektrum von Uranverbindungen charakterisierenden Banden wird gezeigt, dass tine neue bisher nicht bekannte Bande auch bei etwa 663 mμ nachzuweisen ist, die fruher wegen nicht ausreichender Rotempfindlichkeit des Aufnahmemateriales ubersehen wurde. Im Spektrum der Uran-atriumfluoridperle treten demnach sieben Banden auf.
Firewall analysis with policy-based host classification

For administrators of large systems, testing and debugging a firewall policy is a difficult process. The size and complexity of many firewall policies make manual inspection of the rule set tedious and error-prone. The complex interaction of conflicting rules can conceal serious errors that compromise the security of the network or interrupt the delivery of important services. Most existing tools for verifying the policy require the user to provide a detailed set of test cases or queries, which can sometimes be as difficult as verifying the policy by hand. Deriving a sufficiently comprehensive set of tests requires a detailed knowledge of potential vulnerabilities and a familiarity with the mechanics of the firewall. It also requires a significant investment of time and other resources. In this work, we present a fully automatic technique for identifying significant anomalies in a firewall policy. Our technique employs a novel system for classifying the hosts of a network into classes based on an equivalence structure, which is calculated from the firewall policy. This "policy-based classification of network hosts" substantially reduces the difficulty of identifying potential errors in the configuration of a firewall or group of connected firewalls and can be combined with existing firewall verification techniques to improve their effectiveness in detecting errors.
The Mental Model in Stimulus-Response Compatibility

Publisher Summary Complex human-machine interaction tasks require extensive cognitive processing by the operator. This processing of information by the operator goes through many intermediate cognitive steps between the stimulus and the response. An important intermediary structure in this processing is the operator's model of the system or the task; this model is often called the mental model. The effectiveness of the total human-machine system is dependent on, especially, the compatibility between the stimulus and the central processing. Incompatibility will result in mental transformations, or it will result in confusion and mistakes. The usefulness of S-C-R compatibility in terms of specifications for system design hinges upon the ability to specify the representation code of the task. If the task can be specified as a verbal task, then the information should be displayed using speech and the response should also be a speech response. In an image-based spatial mental model, the operator constructs an image of the system that is used to solve problems and make decisions about the proper control inputs.
Principles and Techniques of RFID Positioning

This chapter provides a comprehensive introduction of the principles and techniques involved in RFID positioning. It first summarizes key principles of information acquisition, and then introduces RFID positioning algorithms and techniques. In most RFID positioning problems, the location information of RFID tags is interested, but some applications involve the localization of RFID readers. An RFID positioning system, in general, consists of the location sensing component and the positioning processing component. The location sensing component provides necessary information, such as range and DOA, which is then fed to the positioning component for data fusion to yield the location information of the RFID tag or reader of interest. The chapter also introduces different range and DOA estimation techniques. It presents RFID positioning principles and techniques based on trilateration, triangulation, hybrid direction/range, radio map matching, and proximity methods and discuss potential approaches for improving positioning accuracy.
The Moon and terrestrial planets: geology and geophysics

Before the Space Age, the study of the planets and their satellites was the domain of astronomers. Telescopic observations of planetary bodies focused on determining their size, position, orbit, density, average surface composition, and the physical state of their surface through photometric analysis. With few exceptions, geologists and geophysicists were occupied with the analysis of Earth, the very complex planet beneath their feet. But even in the latter part of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth, a few geoscientists puzzled over the surface of the Moon, the nature of meteorites, and the geochemistry of the Solar System. G. K. Gilbert, Harold Urey, Ralph Baldwin, Gilbert Fielder, and Eugene Shoemaker each contributed to the foundation that was to become the basis for modern planetary geoscience (Stevenson 2000). Convergence between these disciplines began with the Space Age, and the ability to see the surfaces of other planetary bodies up close, to probe their interiors, and to analyze them from orbiters and flybys.More sophisticated and higher-resolution observations from spacecraft led to an understanding of the mineralogic makeup of their crusts through speciroscopic observations, and the distribution of their surface features through geolo-gical analysis of images taken at visible and radar wave-lengths. Sophisticated tracking of spacecraft and direct deployment of instruments led to new insights into planetary geophysics.
Supplementing neural reinforcement learning with symbolic methods: Possibilities and challenges

Several different ways of using symbolic methods to improve reinforcement learning are identified and discussed in some detail. Each demonstrates to some extent the advantages of combining reinforcement learning and symbolic methods. These methods point to the potentials and the challenges of this line of research.
Ethyl 3,3‐Diethoxyacrylate

[32002-24-7] C9H16O4 (MW 188.25) InChI = 1S/C9H16O4/c1-4-11-8(10)7-9(12-5-2)13-6-3/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3 InChIKey = POJGRKZMYVJCST-UHFFFAOYSA-N (used in cycloaddition reactions with cyclopentenones, 1-aza-1,3-butadienes, and alkynylalkoxycarbene metal complexes to give carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds; undergoes [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement with allylic alcohols to give substituted allylmalonates.) Physical Data: bp 122–123 °C/10 mmHg; n:D25 1.4597.1 Solubility: sol organic solvents. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: keep away from moisture. Handle in a fume hood.
Efficiency Improvement in Ultrathin Plasmonic Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

Au NP plasmonic effect enhances light absorption and thus the efficiency of organic BHJ solar cells. Using an optimized 20% surface coverage of Au NPs followed by only 50nm of P3HT: PCBM increases the efficiency by 30%.