cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ionospheric currents induced by solar wind interaction with planetary atmospheres.

Abstract In a steady-state model for the interaction of the solar wind with the atmosphere of a non-magnetic planet, the magnetized solar wind acts as a dynamo over the dayside of the planet and induces Ohmic currents in the planet's ionosphere. A model for the dynamo mechanism and for the induced current configuration is developed. Based on this model and assumed model atmospheres of Mars and Venus, the distribution of currents entering the ionosphere through the ionopause is calculated. The requirement that the total current be of such a magnitude as to cancel the shock-compressed interplanetary magnetic field fixes the ionopause altitude. The calculations for Venus are in reasonable agreement with observations. The calculations for Mars indicate the possibility of an observable ionopause in the altitude range from 325 to 425 km.
Isolation and characterization of glycosaminoglycans from Schistosoma mansoni

Abstract 1. 1. Tegumental tissues of paired adult Schistosoma mansoni were removed by treatment with Triton X-100 and recovered by centrifugation. The chloroform-methanol insoluble residues of this isolated tegumental fraction and of the denuded carcasses were analysed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and sialic acid contents. 2. 2. Treatment with GAG-specific enzymes followed by electrophoretic analysis showed that both the carcass and tegument contained heparin and/or heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid. All these except hyaluronic acid were present in the tegumental fraction. 3. 3. Based on uronic acid content, about 73% of the total GAG was in the tegumental membrane, 15% in the tegumental matrix and the remaining 12% was in the carcass. 4. 4. The presence of heparin-like polysaccharide may prevent entrapment of the schistosome by the hosts' blood-clotting process.
Soybean genotype evaluation for iron deficiency chlorosis using sodium bicarbonate and tissue culture

Abstract The evaluation of soybean genotypes for resistance to iron deficiency through field experiments is complicated by variation in symptom expression. The objective of this study was to develop a tissue culture technique that could distinguish between Fe‐efficient and Fe‐inefficient genotypes. Ten soybean genotypes varying in sensitivity to iron deficiency were planted at 5 locations and rated based on chlorosis expression. For the lab evaluation, friable callus of the ten genotypes was placed on a 4MSII medium amended with 10 mM NaHCO3. Callus growth reduction relative to a control medium without NaHCO3 was recorded. Callus weight of all cultivars was affected by the addition of NaHCO3 however, significant differences in growth reduction among genotypes was observed. The high correlation between callus growth reduction and field chlorosis ratings observed (r2=0.92) and the fact that the expiant source plant can be grown to produce seed indicates that this technique would be useful in a soybean breed...
New Melting Law at High Pressures.

Abstract A new melting law at high pressures relating the change in molar volume to the change in molar entropy upon melting, of the form C+ In (V L m −V S m )=α(S L m −S 8 m ) , is shown to fit the data presently available.
Which measures of adiposity predict subsequent left ventricular geometry? Evidence from the Bogalusa Heart Study

Background and aims Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy increases the risk of future cardiovascular events. The relationship between obesity in young adulthood and later LV geometry is unknown. We examined the association between long-term changes in measures of adiposity and subsequent LV geometry among 1073 young adults from the Bogalusa Heart Study.
Vowel perception in children with and without language impairment

Twenty-four children with language impairment (LI) and 22 children without language impairment (LN) participated in a study of discrimination, identification, and serial ordering of the highly diss...
Temperature coefficient of the dipole moment of undiluted poly(4‐chlorostyrene), T≳Tg

Temperature coefficients of the dipole moments of undiluted poly (4−chlorostyrene) are reported. (AIP)
Peripheral Nerve Injury

Management of the patient with a peripheral nerve injury should be based on a sound knowledge of the underlying anatomy, nerve injury classification, pathophysiology and medical management. This review of the literature addresses those topics with a depth and breadth appropriate for the physiotherapist. Specifically, this article will cover current tends in surgical management and nerve growth enhancement. A review of research relevant to rehabilitation concepts that illustrates the role of physiotherapist in the management of nerve injuries and repairs will also be discussed. This role includes post-injury rehabilitation, post-operative rehabilitation and evaluation of recovery. Additionally, the paucity of physiotherapy-generated research devoted to outcomes of these injuries demonstrates the need for continued work in this area.
Analysis on creeping channel flows of compressible fluids subject to wall slip

Creeping channel flows of compressible fluids subject to wall slip are widely encountered in industries. This paper analyzes such flows driven by pressure in planar as well as circular channels. The analysis elucidates unsteady flows of Newtonian fluids subject to the Navier slip condition, followed by steady flows of viscoplastic fluids, in particular, Herschel–Bulkley fluids and their simplifications including power law and Newtonian fluids, that slip at wall with a constant coefficient or a coefficient inversely proportional to pressure. Under the lubrication assumption, analytical solutions are derived, validated, and discussed over a wide range of parameters. Analysis based on the derived solutions indicates that unsteadiness alters cross-section velocity profiles. It is demonstrated that compressibility of the fluids gives rise to a concave pressure distribution in the longitudinal direction, whereas wall slip with a slip coefficient that is inversely proportional to pressure leads to a convex pressure distribution. Energy dissipation resulting from slippage can be a significant portion in the total dissipation of such a flow. A distinctive feature of the flow is that, in case of the pressure-dependent slip coefficient, the slip velocity increases rapidly in the flow direction and the flow can evolve into a pure plug flow at the exit.
Personality Types and Vocational Choice: A Test of Holland's Theory

In order to test the adequacy of Holland's theory of vocational choice with reference to a broad segment of entering college students, a sample of the freshman class entering the Pennsylvania State University evaluated themselves in terms of the six personality styles of Holland's theory. Relationships between the personality styles and vocational choices were studied for groups of Decided, Tentative, and Undecided students. While several inversions in the data are evident, the data possess sufficient consistency to indicate that the personality identifications these students made in Holland's frame of reference were related to their initial vocational choices.
A Note on the Determinants of Public Dissatisfaction with Government: Economic and Political Factors Affecting the Public’s Attitude toward Government

This study empirically identifies both the economic and political determinants of the public's dissatisfaction with government in the US. Using annual survey data on the public's dissatisfaction with government obtained for the years 1965-1996, it is found that the Vietnam War, Watergate, oil price shocks and higher federal marginal income tax rates resulted in elevated levels of the public's dissatisfaction with government, whereas increases in housing prices and a rising Dow Jones industrial average reduced the public's dissatisfaction with the government.
Identity and Language Learning: Gender, Ethnicity, and Educational Change by B. Norton

(2001). Identity and Language Learning: Gender, Ethnicity, and Educational Change by B. Norton. Bilingual Research Journal: Vol. 25, Celebrating 25 Years of Achievement in Bilingual Education Scholarship, pp. 239-244.
The total economic value of Amazonian deforestation, 1978-1993

National income accounting has been criticized because of its failure to encompass the notion of sustainability. Several studies address this problem through ‘green’ income accounting — i.e. by adjusting conventionally measured GDP for reduction in a given country’s ‘stock’ of natural resources. These studies generally base value on the unit net price of the resource. Other studies go beyond net price, emphasizing a natural resource’s total economic value (TEV) — that is, its non-marketable as well as its marketable values. This paper combines the green income accounting and TEV approaches and applies the new framework to Brazil in order to assess the foregone economic benefits resulting from Amazonian deforestation. The results lend support to calls for greater policy emphasis on conservation of unique and irreplaceable ecosystems. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
High-efficiency, 12V-to-1.5V DC-DC converter realized with Switched-Capacitor architecture

This paper presents a 12V-to-1.5V Switched-Capacitor (SC) DC-DC converter in a 0.18µm technology. This work shows that unlike the traditional buck converter, SC converters can achieve high efficiency even with a significant step-down conversion ratio. This circuit shows a peak efficiency of 93% at 200mA load and a maximum load of 1A. This work demonstrates the vast potential of SC converters for large voltage conversion in deep-submicron CMOS technologies when cost and efficiency are important.
Relating strategy and structure to flexible automation: A test of fit and performance implications

This study analyzed various strategy and structure choices to determine their fit relationship with flexible automation (FA). 1Using the moderator hypothesis, we proposed that the more strategy and structure choices complemented FA's competences, the higher would be the performance impact of FA. Data from 87 FA users indicate that quality and flexibility strategies, described as complementary to FA's strengths, interact positively with FA. Low cost strategy, described as conflicting with FA, interacts negatively. Organic structure, viewed as complementary to FA, has only main effects whereas a mechanistic structure interacts negatively. At the manufacturing level, skill diversity and team approaches, considered as complementary to FA, interact positively. While a subgroup analysis of high-low performers lends additional support to these relationships, analysis of industry subgroups indicates that some relationships are industry specific. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice.
Environmental variables measured at multiple spatial scales exert uneven influence on fish assemblages of floodplain lakes

We examined the interaction between environmental variables measured at three different scales (i.e., landscape, lake, and in-lake) and fish assemblage descriptors across a range of over 50 floodplain lakes in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Mississippi and Arkansas. Our goal was to identify important local- and landscape-level determinants of fish assemblage structure. Relationships between fish assemblage structure and variables measured at broader scales (i.e., landscape-level and lake-level) were hypothesized to be stronger than relationships with variables measured at finer scales (i.e., in-lake variables). Results suggest that fish assemblage structure in floodplain lakes was influenced by variables operating on three different scales. However, and contrary to expectations, canonical correlations between in-lake environmental characteristics and fish assemblage structure were generally stronger than correlations between landscape-level and lake-level variables and fish assemblage structure, suggesting a hierarchy of influence. From a resource management perspective, our study suggests that landscape-level and lake-level variables may be manipulated for conservation or restoration purposes, and in-lake variables and fish assemblage structure may be used to monitor the success of such efforts.
Reflections on Austrian History

Defining and writing the history of Austria from the Carolingian frontier marches to the Second Austrian Republic presents a unique problem. In this period, covering more than 1100 years, Austria formed neither a geographic nor an ethnic or national conceptual unit. In fact, except for the brief periods of 1804–1867, 1918–1938, and from 1945 on, there has been no political constitutional entity which could form the undisputed object of a Gesamtdarstellung of Austrian history. The only cohesive factor was provided by the existence of a politicogeographic center, whether one defines it as the Middle Danube or, perhaps better, as Vienna. No other great country possessed similarly ever changing frontiers; nor did the capital city of any other land play a similar formative role as one of the very few centripetal attraction-forces enduring over the centuries.
A fast direct solver for elliptic problems on general meshes in 2D

We present a fast direct algorithm for solutions to linear systems arising from 2D elliptic equations. We follow the approach in Xia et al. (2009) on combining the multifrontal method with hierarchical matrices. We present a variant of that approach with additional hierarchical structure, extend it to quasi-uniform meshes, and detail an adaptive decomposition procedure for general meshes. Linear time complexity is shown for a quasi-regular grid and demonstrated via numerical results for the adaptive algorithm.
SALIVARY GLANDS OF THE SAND FLY PHLEBOTOMUS PAPATASI CONTAIN PHARMACOLOGICALLY ACTIVE AMOUNTS OF ADENOSINE AND 5'-AMP

Salivary gland homogenates of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi contain large amounts of adenosine and 5'-AMP, of the order of 1 nmol per pair of glands, as demonstrated by liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectrometry, mass spectrometry and bioassays. These purines, 75-80 % of which are secreted from the glands following a blood meal, have vasodilatory and anti-platelet activities and probably help the fly to obtain a blood meal. Salivary 5'-AMP is also responsible for the previously reported protein phosphatase inhibitor in the salivary glands of P. papatasi, which is shown to be artifactual in nature as a result of allosteric modification by AMP of the phosphatase substrate used (phosphorylase a).
Dicinnamides as potential hypocholesterolemic agents

A series of 12 alkyl and aryl dicinnamides related to cynarin were synthesized by the mixed anhydride method. However, attempts to synthesize these aromatic amides via the usual carbodiimide coupling methods were unsuccessful. These compounds were tested for their cholesterol-lowering properties in rats maintained on normal lab chow. No hypocholesterolemic effect was noted with the parent substance, cynarin, or any of its structural analogs.
An XPS Study of the Effects of CF4 Plasmas on Gold Surfaces

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been employed to study the effect of CF4 rf plasmas on gold surfaces. The data indicate that the CF4 plasma converts the inert gold surface into a chemically active surface composed of gold, gold oxide, and gold fluoride. Upon exposure to air, the gold fluoride is hydrolyzed. The modified surface actively adsorbs water. The significance of the results is discussed in terms of micro-electronic reliability considerations.
Neural Network Models of Chemotaxis in the Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans

We train recurrent networks to control chemotaxis in a computer model of the nematode C. elegans. The model presented is based closely on the body mechanics, behavioral analyses, neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of C. elegans, each imposing constraints relevant for information processing. Simulated worms moving autonomously in simulated chemical environments display a variety of chemotaxis strategies similar to those of biological worms.
Systems Approach to Characterizing Aircraft Aeroelastic Model Variation for Robust Control Applications

Typically, controllers are designed and analyzed based on a nominal finite-dimensional linear time invariant system model to meet desired aircraft flight performance requirements and closed-loop stability. However, the real dynamic system varies from the mathematically modeled system due to linearization, unmodeled dynamics, and variations in flight condition, for example. Furthermore, the frequencies and mode shapes of the aeroelastic modes are not well known. These variations are usually treated through the use of an "uncertainty" or variation model.
Hype and Suspicion: The Effects of Pretrial Publicity, Race, and Suspicion on Jurors' Verdicts

We exposed some mock jurors to pretrial publicity (PTP) biased against the defendant a few days before they read the trial transcript and rendered individual verdicts. Exposure to the PTP prejudiced the jurors toward voting “guilty,” unless they read information within the PTP that indicated that the defendant was African American and that raised suspicion about the racist motives underlying the PTP's reporting. Information designed to raise more generic, nonracist suspicion did not have this effect. In addition, participants were less likely to vote to convict the defendant if he was African American than if his race was unspecified, and non-White participants were less likely to vote to convict the defendant than were White participants. We discuss these issues and results in the context of the O. J. Simpson trial, specifically, and of the psychology and law literatures more generally.
Evaluating InfiniBand performance with PCI Express

The InfiniBand architecture is an industry standard that offers low latency and high bandwidth as well as advanced features such as remote direct memory access (RDMA), atomic operations, multicast, and quality of service. InfiniBand products can achieve a latency of several microseconds for small messages and a bandwidth of 700 to 900 Mbytes/s. As a result, it is becoming increasingly popular as a high-speed interconnect technology for building high-performance clusters. The Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) has been the standard local-I/O-bus technology for the last 10 years. However, more applications require lower latency and higher bandwidth than what a PCI bus can provide. As an extension, PCI-X offers higher peak performance and efficiency. InfiniBand host channel adapters (HCAs) with PCI Express achieve 20 to 30 percent lower latency for small messages compared with HCAs using 64-bit, 133-MHz PCI-X interfaces. PCI Express also improves performance at the MPI level, achieving a latency of 4.1/spl mu/s for small messages. It can also improve MPI collective communication and bandwidth-bound MPI application performance.
Eventually k-Bounded Wait-Free Distributed Daemons

Wait-free scheduling is unsolvable in asynchronous message-passing systems subject to crash faults. Given the practical importance of this problem, we examine its solvability under partial synchrony relative to the eventually perfect failure detector diamP. Specifically, we present a new oracle-based solution to the dining philosophers problem that is wait-free in the presence of arbitrarily many crash faults. Additionally, our solution satisfies eventual k-bounded waiting, which guarantees that every execution has an infinite suffix where no process can overtake any live hungry neighbor more than k consecutive times. Finally, our algorithm uses only bounded space, bounded-capacity channels, and is also quiescent with respect to crashed processes. Among other practical applications, our results support wait-free distributed daemons for fairly scheduling self-stabilizing protocols in the presence of crash faults.
Long-term Visual Outcome and Complications Associated with Pars Planitis

Purpose: To identify the ocular complications and to statistically evaluate the possible association of pars planitis with multiple sclerosis (MS) in a homogeneous population of pars planitis patients. Methods: The authors reexamined 36 patients and reviewed the records of an additional 18 patients (total: 54 patients, 108 eyes) with idiopathic pars planitis. Results: The initial mean visual acuity of 20/46 (IogMAR: 0.36 ± 0.50) was not statistically different from the final mean visual acuity of 20/44 (IogMAR: 0.34 ± 0.45; P = 0.73), after a mean follow-up of 89.2 months. Complications included neovascularization with or without associated vitreous hemorrhage (7 eyes, 6.5%), moderate to severe cellophane retinopathy (7 eyes, 6.5%), chronic cystoid macular edema (CME) (9 eyes, 8.3%), visually significant cataracts (16 eyes, 14.8%), and retinal detachment (9 eyes, 8.3%). Significant lens opacification was associated with a greater risk of retinal detachment ( P = 0.004). In four patients (7.4%), optic neuritis developed, and in an additional eight patients (14.8%) MS developed. Kaplan-Meier analysis of these data showed a 16.2% ± 6.2% risk of MS solely developing in patients, and a 20.4% ± 6.7% risk of either MS or optic neuritis developing, after 5 years of disease. The presence of periphlebitis at the time of pars planitis diagnosis increased the rate of development of these conditions ( P = 0.002). Six patients (11.1 %) had a family history positive for MS in a first-degree relative. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the overall favorable visual prognosis in patients with pars planitis. Patients with significant cataract formation appear to be at greater risk for retinal detachment. Periphlebitis at the time of diagnosis of pars planitis increases the risk of development of optic neuritis or MS. The strong association demonstrated between pars planitis and MS in this study further supports a link between the two disease states.
Anticipatory configuration of resource-aware applications

We propose an improved approach to dynamic configuration of resource-aware applications. The new anticipatory model of configuration maximizes utility based on three inputs: user preferences, application capability profiles, and resource availability. In this respect, the proposed model is similar to a model of configuration described in [2]. However, the latter addresses the dynamic nature of the problem by reacting to changes (such as decrease in resource availability), and maximizes the utility in a point-wise manner. The newly proposed anticipatory approach explicitly models the duration of the task and leverages possible information about the future (such as stochastic resource availability over the expected duration of the task).We expect that the anticipatory model will improve user's utility, conserve scarce resources, and reduce the amount of disruption to the user resulting from changes when compared to the reactive model. However, the optimization problem underlying the anticipatory model is computationally more difficult than the problem underlying the reactive model. We would like to investigate if the anticipatory approach is feasible and efficient in practice while delivering the above-mentioned improvements. In this paper, we carefully state the model of anticipatory configuration, highlight the sources of complexity in the problem, propose an algorithm to the anticipatory configuration problem, and provide a roadmap for research.
Using method stereotype distribution as a signature descriptor for software systems

Method stereotype distribution is used as a signature for software systems. The stereotype for each method is determined using a presented taxonomy. The counts of the different stereotypes form a signature of the system. Determining method stereotypes is done automatically and is based on language (C++) features, idioms, and the main role (purpose) of a method. The intent is to use the distribution of method stereotype is an indicator of system architecture.
Gate modulation of graphene contacts - on the scaling of graphene FETs

The nature of source/drain contacts in graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) is investigated. We argue that the energy dispersion of the graphene portion underneath of the metal electrodes is substantially altered compared to its original. Moreover, different from other materials, the Fermi levels of these graphene segments are not pinned by the metal contacts, but instead can be modulated by the gate. Our experimental findings give important insights into the critical relevance of contacts for the scaling of graphene devices.
Electrostatic spraying of organic acids on biofilms formed by E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium on fresh produce.

Abstract Electrostatic spraying which has an even and retained surface coverage could be an effective novel technique to completely cover the surface of fresh produce to disrupt biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria. Spinach leaves and cantaloupe rind were spot-inoculated with a bacterial culture and stored at 8 °C for 72 h to allow biofilm formation. Among various green fluorescent protein-labeled strains, ED 14 strain of E. coli O157:H7 and SD 10 strain of Salmonella Typhimurium had the best attachment based on colony counts. The produce samples were electrostatically sprayed with malic (MA) and lactic (LA) acid solutions alone (1.0/2.0/3.0/4.0% w/v) or in combination (0.5 + 0.5/1.0 + 1.0/1.5 + 1.5/2.0 + 2.0% w/v) to test for a reduction in the attached bacteria. A combined treatment of LA 2.0% w/v + MA 2.0% w/v had the highest log reduction (CFU/disk) of 4.14 and 3.6 on the attached E. coli strain ED 14 (spinach) and Salmonella strain SD 10 (cantaloupe), respectively. Crystal violet assay demonstrated the disruptive effect of organic acids on biofilms formed by the pathogenic bacteria. Application of electrostatic spray with a combination of malic and lactic acids resulting in a log reduction (CFU/disk) of 3.6 or higher can improve the microbial safety of spinach and cantaloupe by preventing the pathogenic biofilm formation and bacterial growth.
The Impact of Voltage-Balancing Control on Switching Frequency of the Modular Multilevel Converter

Voltage-balancing control in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) impacts not only the voltage difference among submodule capacitors, but also the power device switching patterns. As a result, MMC possesses a nondeterministic switching pattern and its switching frequency is no longer an independent parameter. This paper theoretically investigates how voltage-balancing control influences the switching frequency in the MMC. Equations describing the relationship between the submodule capacitor unbalanced voltage and converter switching frequency are derived. Since unbalanced voltage also impacts the submodule capacitor ripple voltage and voltage/current harmonics, the design interaction between switching frequency and submodule capacitance, as well as the selection of unbalanced voltage are further investigated. Both simulation and experimental verifications are provided.
The Universal Lidar Error Model (Approved for Public Release: 15-144)

Abstract Methods to adjust multiple lidar datasets, to adjust lidar with other modalities, and to quantify lidar accuracy are limited. While lidar sensor modeling, error propagation, and data adjustment exist in literature, there are no known implementations supporting all three operations within existing file formats and processing architectures. The Universal Lidar Error Model (ULEM) has been developed to meet the community-sneed for rigorous error propagation and data adjustment. ULEM exploitation allows one to develop predicted error covariance at single points and full covariance among multiple points. It defines a standardized set of adjustable parameters, provides for the modeling and storage of correlations and cross-correlations among parameters, and stores the data within existing file formats. This paper provides an introduction to ULEM, its metadata requirements, and its model exploitation methods. It concludes with an example of ULEM error modeling, showing the predicted uncertainty agrees well with errors calculated from surveyed control.
Convective Mixing in Distal Pipes Exacerbates Legionella pneumophila Growth in Hot Water Plumbing

Legionella pneumophila is known to proliferate in hot water plumbing systems, but little is known about the specific physicochemical factors that contribute to its regrowth. Here, L. pneumophila trends were examined in controlled, replicated pilot-scale hot water systems with continuous recirculation lines subject to two water heater settings (40 °C and 58 °C) and three distal tap water use frequencies (high, medium, and low) with two pipe configurations (oriented upward to promote convective mixing with the recirculating line and downward to prevent it). Water heater temperature setting determined where L. pneumophila regrowth occurred in each system, with an increase of up to 4.4 log gene copies/mL in the 40 °C system tank and recirculating line relative to influent water compared to only 2.5 log gene copies/mL regrowth in the 58 °C system. Distal pipes without convective mixing cooled to room temperature (23–24 °C) during periods of no water use, but pipes with convective mixing equilibrated to 30.5 °C in the 40 °C system and 38.8 °C in the 58 °C system. Corresponding with known temperature effects on L. pneumophila growth and enhanced delivery of nutrients, distal pipes with convective mixing had on average 0.2 log more gene copies/mL in the 40 °C system and 0.8 log more gene copies/mL in the 58 °C system. Importantly, this work demonstrated the potential for thermal control strategies to be undermined by distal taps in general, and convective mixing in particular.
AN INEQUALITY INVOLVING THE AREA OF TWO TRIANGLES

(1971). An Inequality Involving the Area of Two Triangles. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 78, No. 7, pp. 772-772.
Resistance to bacteria in hemorrhagic shock. II. Effect of transient vascular collapse on sensitivity to endotoxin.

Summary and ConclusionRabbits transfused after one to 2 hours in hemorrhagic shock nearly always recover. During the immediate post transfusion recovery phase the sensitivity to a purified E. colt toxin is increased 100,000 times normal. Return to normal tolerance to the endotoxin requires about 48 hours.
Recovery of lymphocyte and dendritic cell subsets after autologous CD34+ cell transplantation.

Recovery of lymphocyte and dendritic cell subsets after autologous CD34 + cell transplantation
Intelligent Alarm Management Applied to Continuous Pharmaceutical Tablet Manufacturing: An Integrated Approach

One important aspect of effective real time process management is the implementation of intelligent systems that can assist human operators in making supervisory control decisions. Conventional pra...
Survey of Stochastic-Based Computation Paradigms

Effectively tackling the upcoming “zettabytes” data explosion requires a huge quantum leap in our computing power and energy efficiency. However, with the Moore’s law dwindling quickly, the physical limits of CMOS technology make it almost intractable to achieve high energy efficiency if the traditional “deterministic and precise” computing model still dominates. Worse yet, the upcoming data explosion mostly comprises statistics gleaned from uncertain, imperfect real-world environment. As such, the traditional computing means of first principles modeling or explicit statistical modeling will very likely be ineffective to achieve flexibility, autonomy, and human interaction. The bottom line is clear: given where we are headed, the fundamental principle of modern computing—deterministic logic circuits can flawlessly emulate propositional logic deduction governed by Boolean algebra—has to be reexamined, and transformative changes in the foundation of modern computing must be made. This paper surveys some of the most important works on stochastic-based computing. We specifically focus on four important research areas: 1) random number generation, 2) stochastic computing, 3) stochastic electronics, and 4) emerging device technology and its potential application in stochastic computing. All these research works share two distinctive features. First, they embrace and exploit quantum-induced randomness as an invaluable information carrier, not the “villain of correct computation” to be suppressed. Second, the theoretical foundation underpinning most of these works are based on neither the Boolean algebra in digital circuit nor the nonlinear amplifying and filtering in analog circuit. Instead, it tightly brings together the algorithmatic essence of computing and the quantum-induced randomness through the powerful framework of stochastic-based computing transformation.
A new approach to approximate equation-of-motion coupled cluster with triple excitations.

Accurate methods for excited, ionized, and electron-attached states are critical to the study of many chemical species such as reactive intermediates, radicals, and ionized systems. The equation-of-motion coupled cluster singles, doubles, and triples (EOM-CCSDT) family of methods is very accurate (roughly similar in accuracy as for CCSDT calculations of the ground state), but the computational cost scales iteratively as the eighth power of the system size. Many approximations already exist, although most either correct only the excited state or require an iterative &#x1d4aa;(n7) procedure which can also be prohibitively expensive. In this paper, new methods, termed EOM-CCSD(T)(a) and EOM-CCSD(T)(a)*, are proposed which correct both the ground and excited states based on a shared effective Hamiltonian, and the latter of which includes only non-iterative corrections to both the CCSD and EOM-CCSD energies. These methods are found to significantly improve the description of excited and ionized potential energy surfac...
Binary Blockchain: Solving the Mining Congestion Problem by Dynamically Adjusting the Mining Capacity

Mining congestion is a serious issue in blockchain-based cryptocurrencies. It increases the transaction confirmation latency and limits the growth of cryptocurrency. To mitigate the problem, a number of methods have been used in practice and new ideas have been proposed. However, it is not clear whether these schemes can cope with the ever-growing transaction load of cryptocurrencies in the long run. We propose a novel parallel mining method that can adjust the mining capacity based on the transaction load. It does not require an increase in the block size or a reduction of the block confirmation period. In this paper, we describe how and when to divide or merge blockchains, how to solve the imbalanced mining problem, and how to handle the difficulty levels and rewards. We then show the simulation results comparing the performance of Binary blockchain and the traditional blockchain.
Single, separate or unified? Exploring Christian academicians’ views of the body, sport and religious experience

The present study addresses the need for increased empirical works within the sport and religion literature by exploring faculty views of embodiment and sport in relation to their Christian worldvi...
Restoration islands: a tool for efficiently restoring dryland ecosystems?

Restoration islands are concentrated plantings in strategic locations, created to efficiently use resources to achieve restoration goals. These methods have been used effectively in mesic ecosystems, particularly tropical forests, where the goal of island plantings is often to “nucleate” across a degraded area, providing a seed source for spread outside the planted area. Here, we consider how an island strategy might be used to achieve restoration goals in dryland ecosystems, where limited resources and large areas of degraded land make restoration extremely challenging. In contrast to more productive areas, spread or “nucleation” from restoration islands in drylands may not occur or occur more slowly than required by most management time frames. Despite this, small-scale, more intensive island plantings may still be useful for achieving short-term goals, such as weed control, fire management, erosion control, and creation of wildlife habitat. Over the long term, island plantings could serve the same nucleation function as in other ecosystems and serve as repositories for genetic diversity within highly fragmented native systems. Here, we highlight the opportunities for using these high-intensity, targeted planting methods in dryland ecosystems, provide the guidelines for establishing islands to achieve short- and long-term restoration goals, and identify the areas where additional research is needed to understand the value of restoration islands in dryland ecosystems.
DNA Damage Repair

DNA damage, when occurring in cancer-related genes, may lead to tumorigenesis. In normal cells, such DNA alterations activate a complex machinery of DNA damage repair. Genomic defects in DNA damage repair genes are known to be major drivers of cancer development and progression, in particular in breast and colon cancer. However, in prostate cancer, somatic or sporadic mutations in genes directly involved in DNA damage repair, such as BRCA genes or mismatch repair genes, are only relevant in a small subset of cases. Interestingly, recent work demonstrates that other crucial pathways or genomic alterations in prostate cancer, such as the androgen receptor pathway or the TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion, may play a role in DNA damage repair through direct interactions with important actors of DNA damage response, such as poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP1), which is involved in double-strand break repair through homologous recombination. Importantly, proteins involved in DNA damage response are potential drug targets, and these findings may have promising therapeutic implications. In fact, multiple phase III studies testing PARP1 inhibitors are ongoing, in particular in advanced, metastatic prostate cancer. Therefore, identifying tumors with alterations in DNA damage may help stratify patients for future therapies in the precision medicine era.
Fabrication and field testing of spiral-wound membrane modules for CO2 capture from flue gas

Abstract A spiral-wound membrane module comprising face compression “O” rings for effective seal of gases was developed, including a spiral-wound membrane element, Plexiglas fiber-reinforced plastic tube, and membrane housing. The spiral-wound membrane modules demonstrated essentially no leakage. The concentration polarization phenomenon was observed at a dry feed gas flow rate of less than 1000 sccm before humidification. Hence, the performances of the spiral-wound membrane modules were evaluated using both dry feed and sweep gas flow rates each at 1000 sccm before humidification at the typical flue gas temperature of 57 °C. The feed and sweep gas pressures were at 1.5 and 1 psig, respectively. By using either a simulated flue gas or an actual flue gas, the spiral-wound membrane modules showed similar performance results with a CO2 permeance of greater than 800 GPU and a CO2/N2 selectivity of more than 140, which were essentially identical to the results obtained from the flat-sheet membrane used for the module fabrication and tested in laboratory with the simulated flue gas. The pressure drops of the modules were satisfactory, i.e., less than 1.5 psi/m. During the field test using the actual flue gas at the National Carbon Capture Center in Wilsonville, Alabama, the performances of the modules revealed some unexpected issues including the feed spacer indentations on the membrane selective layer and the leakage at glue lines. These issues were resolved by improving the spiral-wound membrane module fabrication using a smoother feed spacer and a longer glue curing time. The field test results of the modules have shown their good potential for the post-combustion CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants.
Language Conflict and Language Rights : Ethnolinguistic Perspectives on Human Conflict

As the colonial hegemony of empire fades around the world, the role of language in ethnic conflict has become increasingly topical, as have issues concerning the right of speakers to choose and use their preferred language(s). Such rights are often asserted and defended in response to their being violated. The importance of understanding these events and issues, and their relationship to individual, ethnic, and national identity, is central to research and debate in a range of fields outside of, as well as within, linguistics. This book provides a clearly written introduction for linguists and non-specialists alike, presenting basic facts about the role of language in the formation of identity and the preservation of culture. It articulates and explores categories of conflict and language rights abuses through detailed presentation of illustrative case studies, and distills from these key cross-linguistic and cross-cultural generalizations.
A Demountable Ultra-high Vacuum Glass System and its Components

A special glass evaporation system has been constructed whose body consists of 67 mm diameter Pyrex tubing. The system has been made demountable through the use of knife-edge seals. A liquid metal ultra-high vacuum valve allows the ultra-high vacuum chamber to be disconnected from the diffusion pump. Additional pumping is performed by a liquid helium pump. A protection circuit provides safe operation of the unattended system so that the bakeout can be performed overnight with resultant shortening of the overall cycling time. Nickel—iron films are evaporated. They can be observed by the magneto-optical Kerr effect while they are still contained in the ultra-high vacuum chamber. The components of the system, the procedure to obtain pressures in the 10-10 mm Hg region, and the evaporation of the films are discussed.
Time Delay Analysis for a Parallel Steiner tree Algorithm.

This paper presents the computational analysis of the Steiner tree problem on the Server-Client model of computation. In particular, this work analyzes the time delays among server and clients for the parallel Steiner tree algorithm and examines some consequences of time delays on the execution time by considering constant and variable delays. The paper also calculates the expression for the optimal number of client processors required by the parallel algorithm for optimal efficiency. The compact mathematical expressions can be used confidently to implement parallel Steiner tree on the Server-Client model of computation.
The Jock and the Doc

Sitting in our neighborhood Chinese restaurant, between won ton soup and General Tao’s chicken, I found myself perusing the Chinese 12-year zodiac. Born in 1939, the Year of the Rabbit, I was informed that those who entered the world under this sign were the “luckiest” of all. While I universally disregard my fortune cookies, I found myself thinking that the Chinese astrologers who came up with this system may have been onto something.
United States Energy Demand: some Low Energy Futures

This article presents several plausible energy demand scenarios for the United States through the year 2010, each one derived from analytic efforts conducted by the Demand and Conservation Panel of the National Research Council's Committee on Nuclear and Alternative Energy Systems (CONAES). While the CONAES study covers a range of plausible energy futures – from continued rapid growth in demand to actual reductions in demand – we focus here on futures in which demands are lower, in order to provide insight into how energy demand growth can be reduced, and on the consequences of low energy growth. As a further effort to explore low energy growth, we assume future economic growth to be smaller than it has been in the past or than many think it likely to be in the future. This analysis is not intended to show that low demand futures are the most likely or the most desirable; instead, it is meant to illustrate the opportunities for lower energy demand growth and the public policies required to realize these opportunities.
Crack propagation mechanisms of an aged nickel-titanium-hafnium shape memory alloy

Abstract Mechanisms of crack propagation in a NiTiHf sample were studied from post-mortem microstructure characterizations about cracks. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that a crack propagated within a martensite band along 〈011〉 type II twin planes. The crack was observed to switch between different twin planes to avoid precipitates. The crack tip terminated outside of the martensite band, within surrounding austenite. Amorphization of crack edges in both austenite and martensite was also detected, together with Ni enrichment. High-resolution TEM examination of crack tip inside the austenite phase also confirmed the formation of martensite nanocrystals embedded in the amorphous regions.
A Molecular Imaging “Skin A Time-resolving Intraoperative Imager for Microscopic Residual Cancer Detection Using Enhanced Upconverting Nanoparticles*

Optimal cancer therapy requires targeted and individualized treatment of all tumor cells, including both gross and microscopic disease. Intraoperatively hard to visualize and often left behind, microscopic foci of residual cancer cells significantly increase the risk of cancer recurrence and treatment failure rates. Fluorescently-tagged targeted molecular labels are employed to guide surgery, but conventional fluorescent intraoperative imagers suffer from lack of sensitivity and maneuverability, limiting practicality in small tumor cavities owing to their cumbersome sizes driven by optics. This work does away with conventional lenses and filters and introduces an optics-free molecular imaging “skin” consisting of only a $25\mu \mathrm{m}$ thin CMOS contact imager that synergistically integrates the long emission lifetimes of upconverting nanoparticles (UCNP) combined with upconversion to use a time domain approach to acquire the image coupled with infrared illumination allowing deep tissue penetration and elimination of autofluorescence. Using this strategy, we are able to visualize UCNPs at fluences (W/cm2) compatible with intraoperative use, opening the door to visualize targeted areas with microscopic sensitivity and facilitate residual microscopic disease detection during surgery, and laying the groundwork for precision post-operative radiation.
Design, construction, and implementation of an inexpensive underwater passive SONAR

Abstract For almost 20 years, the University of Florida’s Machine Intelligence Laboratory (MIL) at the University of Florida (UF) has been creating SONAR systems for locating underwater transmitters. These systems have helped UF teams achieve significant success in international robotic competitions. However, when students graduate, their knowledge is often lost. This paper documents the process of developing a highly accurate, inexpensive SONAR system for future UF projects. A four-hydrophone array SONAR simulator was created to test a time difference of arrival approach used to estimate the location of a sound sources. The software was then applied to an actual SONAR system built in the laboratory. Two-dimensional graphic representations of the SONAR’s accuracy were created to visualize the system’s performance. This article summarizes the results.