cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning and analysis of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Reb1p: sequence-specific recognition of two sites in the far upstream rDNA intergenic spacer.

The coding sequences for a Schizosaccharomyces pombe sequence-specific DNA binding protein, Reb1p, have been cloned. The predicted S. pombe Reb1p is 24-29% identical to mouse TTF-1 (transcription termination factor-1) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae REB1 protein, both of which direct termination of RNA polymerase I catalyzed transcripts. The S.pombe Reb1 cDNA encodes a predicted polypeptide of 504 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 58.4 kDa. The S. pombe Reb1p is unusual in that the bipartite DNA binding motif identified originally in S.cerevisiae and Klyveromyces lactis REB1 proteins is uninterrupted and thus S.pombe Reb1p may contain the smallest natural REB1 homologous DNA binding domain. Its genomic coding sequences were shown to be interrupted by two introns. A recombinant histidine-tagged Reb1 protein bearing the rDNA binding domain has two homologous, sequence-specific binding sites in the S. pomber DNA intergenic spacer, located between 289 and 480 nt downstream of the end of the approximately 25S rRNA coding sequences. Each binding site is 13-14 bp downstream of two of the three proposed in vivo termination sites. The core of this 17 bp site, AGGTAAGGGTAATGCAC, is specifically protected by Reb1p in footprinting analysis.
Human endothelial cells augment early CD40 ligand expression in activated CD4+ T cells through LFA-3-mediated stabilization of mRNA.

Human endothelial cells (EC) augment CD40 ligand (CD40L) expression on PHA-activated CD4+ T cells at early times (e.g., 4-6 h). Fixed EC, devoid of mRNA, are comparable to living EC in their capacity to augment early CD40L expression on CD4+ T cells. Fixed EC increase T cell mRNA expression of both IL-2 and CD40L compared with PHA alone at 6 h. EC are unable to increase the rate of transcription of CD40L compared with PHA alone as measured with a promoter-reporter gene, although they do increase transcription of an IL-2 promoter-reporter gene. Fixed EC prolong the half-life of CD40L mRNA >2-fold. Inclusion of anti-human LFA-3 (CD58) mAb or pretreatment of EC with an LFA-3 antisense oligonucleotide blocks EC-induced increases in CD40L expression, whereas mAb to ICAM-1 or pretreatment with ICAM-1 antisense oligonucleotide does not. Moreover, mAb to LFA-3 reverses the capacity of EC to prolong the half-life of CD40L mRNA, whereas mAb to ICAM-1, even in combination with mAb to ICAM-2, does not. We conclude that EC use LFA-3 to increase early CD40L protein expression on newly activated CD4+ T cells by stabilizing CD40L mRNA.
Enhancing NIC performance for MPI using processing-in-memory

Processing-in-memory (PIM) technology encompasses a range of research leveraging a tight coupling of memory and processing. The most unique features of the technology are extremely wide paths to memory, extremely low memory latency, and wide functional units. Many PIM researchers are also exploring extremely fine-grained multi-threading capabilities. This paper explores a mechanism for leveraging these features of PIM technology to enhance commodity architectures in a seemingly mundane way: accelerating MPI. Modern network interfaces leverage simple processors to offload portions of the MPI semantics, particularly the management of posted receive and unexpected message queues. Without adding cost or increasing clock frequency, using PIMs in the network interface can enhance performance. The results are a significant decrease in latency and increase in small message bandwidth, particularly when long queues are present.
Ion transfer stripping voltammetry for the detection of nanomolar levels of fluoxetine, citalopram, and sertraline in tap and river water samples

Abstract The ion transfer stripping voltammetry (ITSV) technique is used to detect selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as fluoxetine (Prozac®), citalopram (Celexa®), and sertraline (Zoloft®) in drinking and river water. These are common antidepressants that become highly toxic contaminants when they get into the drinking water. In this work we applied ITSV to detect the SSRIs in their cationic form at nanomolar concentrations using a sensitive, inexpensive, and disposable pencil lead electrode with a lower limit of detection of 35, 45, and 25 nM for fluoxetine, sertraline, and citalopram, respectively. The pencil lead was modified by an electrochemically deposited 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT-C14) conductive polymer layer and then dip coated with a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane. The PVC/PEDOT-C14-modified electrode was operated in the stripping voltammetric mode. It had a linear current response between 100 nM and 1000 nM for fluoxetine, sertraline, and citalopram, respectively, in tap and river water samples. Importantly, the measurements with the membrane-coated electrode provided information on the lipophilicity of these antidepressants, thus contributing to a better understanding of their environmental toxicity and the risks they pose to humans.
Prodrugs: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (ADME) Issues

Over the past 20 years, there has been a growing recognition that the discovery of effective therapeutic agents involves designing compounds that possess appropriate “pharmaceutical” or “drug-like” properties in addition to high affinity for their biological targets. The pharmaceutical or drug-like properties include solubility, permeation across barriers such as the intestinal epithelium or blood-brain barrier, and metabolic and excretory clearance. Appropriate balance of these properties enables drug molecules to attain and maintain sufficient systemic and/or target concentrations to exert therapeutic effects through optimum absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes. The ADME processes, in conjunction with the biological properties, define therapeutic profiles of drug molecules (Thakker, 2006). A drug that is poorly absorbed, rapidly metabolized, or rapidly excreted via the renal or hepatic route will not attain its full therapeutic potential. Such a drug will require higher doses to achieve sufficiently high systemic or target concentrations for efficacy, which may not be practical in some cases or may cause adverse effects in others. Thus, good pharmaceutical or drug-like properties are often defined as physicochemical properties of drug candidates that enable a drug candidate to navigate through the physical, biochemical, and physiological barriers posed by the ADME processes. The pharmaceutical properties of a drug candidate are optimized by de novo designing appropriate physicochemical attributes into the molecule or via formulation of the drug candidate with agents that can improve certain aspects of the physicochemical properties.
Sparsity-Constrained Transportation Problem

We study the solution of a large-scale transportation problem with an additional constraint on the sparsity of inbound ows. Such problems arise in the management of inventory for online retailers that operate with many order fulllment centers; each stock-keeping unit is typically kept in a limited number of these order fulllment centers so as to reduce the operational overhead in the supply chain network. We propose a computationally ecient algorithm that solves this sparsityconstrained optimization problem while bypassing complexities of the conventional integer programming approach. The eectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated
Marine Algae: Gathered Resource to Global Food Industry

Seaweeds have always been important for human sustenance and culture. From the kelp forests of the Pacific Rim, which probably contributed to the successful migration of humans rapidly in the Americas, at the end of the Pleistocene, to the globalization of a seaweed industry in the twentieth century, seaweeds have played a central role in the lives of coastal populations and will continue to do so into the future. Seaweeds have always been a rich source of nutrition, and modern science is just now discovering the physiological basis for its traditional importance to those who consume it. From a basic nutritional standpoint, certain seaweeds can be rich in protein, dietary fibre, minerals, and vitamins. Beyond the nutritional fundamentals, seaweeds also contain bioactive compounds which have functional effects upon consumption. The globalization of the seaweed industry has been facilitated by the development of domesticated cultivars and industrial-scale cultivation techniques, largely centered in Asia. The popularity of Asian-type foods in the “western” world has driven the introduction of seaweed foods to new markets. At the same time, “western” foods are becoming popular in Asia and are being modified for the Asian market with the inclusion of seaweeds in these once unfamiliar products. The focus of applied seaweed research has been on the production of commodities, but a switch to high value products with beneficial effects on health has occurred recently. The food industry has also moved into the development of functional food products, and many seaweeds will likely become significant components of functional products in the future. Techniques for the production of high value cultivars, with elevated levels of bioactive compounds, will be required to feed these new functional markets, and regulations around health claims will inform how these products are supplied with raw materials. Cultivation will be increasingly important in the development of an industry focused on the production of high value, non-commodity products for human health.
A new species of Cribrarula (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) from New South Wales, Australia

A new species in the Cribrarula cribraria complex (Cypraeidae) is described from New South Wales, Australia, on the basis of a multivariate analysis of shell characters, the radula and odontophore cartilage. Cribrarula gravida sp. nov., can be easily separated from its congeners by its large, inflated shell, with rostrate extremities, large elliptical off-white dorsal spots against a light brown dorsal coat, and columellar teeth thicker than in shells of most species of Cribrarula. This is the twelfth known species in Cribrarula, and the third from Australian waters.
Assessing Set-Theoretic Comparative Methods: A Tool for Qualitative Comparativists?

Set-theoretic comparative methods (STCM) have some appeal, but these methods as well as claims about these methods are deeply problematic. The most basic problem is that these methods reduce causat...
Emotionally Focused Family Therapy and Play Therapy for Young Children Whose Parents Are Divorced

ABSTRACTDivorce is common and can pose risks to those involved. Although divorce affects all parts of the family system, young children face extraneous challenges due to their unique developmental stage and limited cognitive ability. Emotionally focused family therapy (EFFT) works to enhance attachment bonds by restructuring a family’s negative interaction cycle and can be useful for repairing relationships between parents and their children who are suffering negative effects of parental divorce. Whereas adults have the skills to express themselves verbally, young children often use imaginary play to convey their emotional experiences and unmet attachment needs. By using play therapy techniques within an EFFT framework, adults and children can better communicate their perspectives concerning difficult life events such as parental divorce.
Substratum requirements for oviposition, seasonal egg densities, and conditions for egg eclosion in Ranatra montezuma (Heteroptera: Nepidae)

Egg densities of Ranatra montezuma Polhemus were monitored in the near-thermally constant environment of Montezuma Well, Yavapai County, Ariz., during January 1987 to December 1988. Seasonal egg frequency showed a multimodal pattern with three peaks during the year. R. montezuma females selected floating and soft, decaying plant substrata over firm green plant substrata for egg oviposition in almost 100% of the laboratory trials. Gram penetration load readings were taken with a texture analyzer to compare plant substrata with and without eggs, and to examine the suitability of plant substrata in the field. The relationship between waterfowl feeding on the vegetation and egg oviposition is discussed. The average incubation time for eggs was 20.6 d at 21°C. No eggs hatched when continually submerged or when dried for 24 h. Eighteen percent of the eggs hatched when subjected to a 6-h drying period compared with 67.7% in control treatments in which the eggs were floating. Less than 1% of the eggs hatched at 10°C, whereas 36.4 and 76% of the eggs hatched in paired treatments at 15°C and 21°C, respectively. Even though annual water temperature in Montezuma Well is constantly warm (21 ± 4°C), Ranatra eggs are absent from late November to early February. We propose that low air temperatures (>10°C) limit oviposition during the winter months because females must lay eggs in substrata at the air-water interface.
GENERIC HALO ORBIT INSERTION AND DISPERSION ERROR ANALYSIS

A generic halo orbit insertion and dispersion error analysis was performed. The analysis focussed on missions to an orbit about the Sun-Earth/Moon L2 point. The nominal transfer orbit design was performed using invariant stable manifold theory. Because such trajectories are extremely sensitive to launch vehicle performance dispersions, it was necessary to plan for trajectory correction maneuvers along the way and to provide for additional propellant to enable such maneuvers. A statistical dispersion analysis was performed which accounted for launch injection errors, trajectory retargeting, and maneuver errors. Products of the analysis included probability distributions and confidence levels of required ΔV and halo orbit insertion errors.
Using Rotor or Tip Speed in the Acoustical Analysis of Small Wind Turbines

Acoustical noise data have been collected and analyzed on small wind turbines used for water pumping at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory (CPRL) near Bushland, TX. This acoustical analysis differed from previous research in that the data were analyzed with rotor or tip speed being the independent variable in addition to analyzing the data with wind speed as the independent variable. Acoustical noise generation was analyzed for two different wind turbines which were tested with different blades. The averaging period for acoustical noise data was one second instead of one minute (smallest time increment recommended in IEC wind turbine noise standard) since the sound pressure level of small stand-alone wind turbines can vary significantly over just a few seconds. Disconnecting the wind turbine from the water pump motor by the pump controller was shown to significantly increase the noise of the wind turbine.
The cost of post-abortion care in developing countries: a comparative analysis of four studies

Over the last five years, comprehensive national surveys of the cost of post-abortion care (PAC) to national health systems have been undertaken in Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda and Colombia using a specially developed costing methodology-the Post-abortion Care Costing Methodology (PACCM). The objective of this study is to expand the research findings of these four studies, making use of their extensive datasets. These studies offer the most complete and consistent estimates of the cost of PAC to date, and comparing their findings not only provides generalizable implications for health policies and programs, but also allows an assessment of the PACCM methodology. We find that the labor cost component varies widely: in Ethiopia and Colombia doctors spend about 30-60% more time with PAC patients than do nurses; in Uganda and Rwanda an opposite pattern is found. Labor costs range from I$42.80 in Uganda to I$301.30 in Colombia. The cost of drugs and supplies does not vary greatly, ranging from I$79 in Colombia to I$115 in Rwanda. Capital and overhead costs are substantial amounting to 52-68% of total PAC costs. Total costs per PAC case vary from I$334 in Rwanda to I$972 in Colombia. The financial burden of PAC is considerable: the expense of treating each PAC case is equivalent to around 35% of annual per capita income in Uganda, 29% in Rwanda and 11% in Colombia. Providing modern methods of contraception to women with an unmet need would cost just a fraction of the average expenditure on PAC: one year of modern contraceptive services and supplies cost only 3-12% of the average cost of treating a PAC patient.
Taxonomy of Facebook messages in business-to-consumer communications: What really works?

This research combines machine learning and human intelligence to analyze 2654 Facebook messages initiated by 26 hospitality companies to develop the taxonomy of Facebook messages in business-to-co...
Soluble Mediators in the Host Response to Histoplasma Capsulatum

Infection with the dimorphic fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum, is acquired by inhalation of mycelial fragments and microconidia that deposit in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. Upon exposure to mammalian temperatures, these fungal elements undergo a series of genetic changes that result in transformation into yeast. This fungal form, which is responsible for much if not all of the clinical and pathological manifestations of histoplasmosis, is morphologically and biochemically distinct from the mycelial phase (Deepe 2000). Exposure to H. capsulatum produces a broad spectrum of illness ranging from a mild flulike illness to a chronic cavitary pneumonia to a progressive disseminated form which can be lifethreatening (Goodwin and Des Prez 1978; Wheat 1997). The vast majority of those exposed to the fungus likely do not experience any symptoms.
Oligometastases to the liver: predicting outcomes based upon radiation sensitivity

Liver metastases from solid tumors such as colon, rectum, pancreas, lung and breast are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with cancer.
Low-temperature semiconductor band-gap thermal shifts: T 4 shifts from ordinary acoustic and T 2 from piezoacoustic coupling

At low temperature, the experimental gap of silicon decreases as ${E}_{g}(T)={E}_{g}(0)\ensuremath{-}A{T}^{4}$. The main reason is electron-phonon renormalization. The physics behind the ${T}^{4}$-power law is more complex than has been realized. Renormalization at low $T$ by intraband scattering requires a nonadiabatic treatment in order to correctly include acoustic phonons and avoid divergences from piezoacoustic phonon interactions. The result is an unexpected low $T$ term ${E}_{g}(0)+{A}^{\ensuremath{'}}{T}^{p}$ with positive coefficient ${A}^{\ensuremath{'}}$, and power $p=4$ for nonpiezoelectric materials, and power $p=2$ for piezoelectric materials. The acoustic phonons in piezoelectric semiconductors generate a piezoelectric field, modifying the electron-phonon coupling. However, at higher $T$, thermally excited acoustic phonons of energy $\ensuremath{\hbar}{v}_{s}q$ and intraband excitation energies ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{q}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{0}={\ensuremath{\hbar}}^{2}{q}^{2}/2{m}^{*}$ become comparable in size. Above this temperature, the low $q$ and higher $q$ intraband acoustic phonon contributions to ${T}^{p}$ rapidly cancel, leaving little thermal effect. Then the contribution from interband scattering by acoustic phonons is dominant. This has the power law ${T}^{4}$ for both nonpiezoelectric and piezoelectric semiconductors. The shift can then have either sign, but usually reduces the size of gaps as $T$ increases. It arises after cancellation of the ${T}^{2}$ terms that appear separately in Debye-Waller and Fan parts of the acoustic phonon interband renormalization. The cancellation occurs because of the acoustic sum rule.
Alternative Approach for Forecasting Parking Volumes

Abstract Parking is an issue at the forefront of transportation planning in the core of any urban area. As public and private sectors invest in city development, particularly in the high density and mixed-use central business districts, forecasting parking volumes for multiple facilities throughout urban transformation is critical to parking supply decision-making. Most previous studies have limitations that may yield inaccurate predictions and cannot precisely analyze the impact to area parking facilities, due to model simplicity and limited data accessibility. In order to provide accurate estimation with detailed information and account for technological improvements in data availability, this study provides an alternative method by utilizing an assignment model with a generalized cost approach. This enables more detailed information of forecasting parking volumes and assessing parking accessibility with consideration of shared parking and time-of-day distribution of parking demand. A case study was conducted in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee providing a sensitivity analysis for investigating the effects of parameters in the model. The sensitivity analysis includes parking generation rates, walking speed, and cruising time. Additionally, the results of three alternative scenarios are provided to show the advantages of this model to examine the impact of parking facility development on adjacent facilities. Manual adjustments and surveys may be required to apply this model for other cities, but it would provide more useful information for their (policymakers, developers, and planners) decision making.
A systematic review of evaluation research in integrated behavioral health care: Operational and financial characteristics.

Introduction Integrated behavioral health care (IBHC) is an emerging solution for the delivery of behavioral health in primary care contexts. Although IBHC has been implemented and studied for more than 2 decades, little seems to be known about how it is best evaluated. This article illustrates a framework for IBHC evaluation based on the Three World view (with a focus on the operational and financial worlds) and delivers results from a systematic review on the operational and financial characteristics of existing IBHC research. Method This study identified original reports of research that included an evaluation or assessment of the operational or financial success or sustainability of IBHC sites or programs. Results A total of 3,386 articles were found through the selected databases and 46 articles were found to meet the inclusion criteria. From the 46 articles that contained an IBHC evaluation including operational or financial variables, 9 operational and 11 financial characteristics were identified as barriers or strengths to sustainability or success. The characteristics of the evaluation participants, IBHC settings, and method of evaluation were also coded and analyzed. Discussion As a result of this systematic review of articles, evaluation of the success and sustainability of the operational and financial worlds can now be conceptualized at provider and practice levels. Collaboration and communication between medical and behavioral health providers was a significant operational characteristic related to success and sustainability. Financial characteristics indicated that continuous financial evaluation throughout implementation was important to success and sustainability. (PsycINFO Database Record
Zebrafish sperm cryopreservation with N,N-dimethylacetamide

High fecundity, rapid generation time, and external development of optically clear embryos make the zebrafish (Danio rerio) a convenient vertebrate model for genetic, developmental, and disease studies. Efficient sperm cryopreservation enhances the zebrafish model system by optimizing productive use of facility space, extending the reproductive lifetime of males, providing an alternative to live stocks for strain recovery, and ensuring the survival of valuable mutant lines. Here we identify a cryoprotective medium, 10% N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) (v/v) diluted in buffered sperm motility-inhibiting solution (BSMIS), as well as parameters for zebrafish sperm cryopreservation that enhance cryopreservation efficiency and significantly increase the yield of live embryos from archived stocks. Our experiments emphasize the effect of the ratio of sperm and medium volume and the use of large egg clutches to maximize the recovery of viable embryos.
Paediatric Liver Transplantation

Liver transplantation is accepted as a life saving treatment for children with end stage liver disease. Until recently, treatment options for the debilitating effects of liver disease in children were limited to supportive therapy, anti-viral agents and immunosuppressive agents. With surgical conditions such as biliary atresia, some success has been achieved with timely diagnosis and early surgical intervention. However, in many cases even with expert management there was inevitable progression of liver disease. Liver transplantation offers the only chance of a cure for these unfortunate children. Although the fi rst attempted human transplant was performed in 1963, it was not until 5 years later that long-term success was achieved. Advances in surgical technique, anaesthetic management, preand post-operative care and refi nements in immunosuppression over the last 4 decades have resulted in a much improved outcome and wide acceptance of liver transplantation among paediatricians with an everincreasing list of indications being identifi ed. The full story of liver transplantation for children is yet to be told but the current expected 5-year survival is now greater than 85% in major paediatric transplant centres. Excellent quality of life is the rule rather than the exception. The longest survivor is well more than 35 years after transplantation. Current anxieties are over organ donor scarcity, long-term side effects of the immunosuppressive therapy and some ethical issues. The focus of attention has now shifted from an initial target of early post-transplant survival to quality of life in the long-term. The transformation of a miserable jaundiced invalid into an active healthy child remains a powerful stimulant for paediatricians and transplant surgeons alike. 62
Wilson's Disease and Cardiac Myopathy.

Wilson's disease is a well-characterized disorder known to cause liver and brain disease due to abnormal copper deposition. Data regarding copper infiltration of the heart is conflicting, and the risk of heart disease has not been well described. We aimed to determine whether Wilson's disease is associated with cardiac myopathy, clinically evident in the atria as atrial fibrillation (AF) and in the ventricles as heart failure (HF). We longitudinally assessed 14.3 million patients in the California Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database from 2005 through 2009 for diagnoses of Wilson's disease, AF, HF, and covariates using International Classification of Diseases-9th Edition codes. Cirrhosis and appendicitis diagnoses were assessed for positive and negative validation, respectively. We identified 463 patients with Wilson's disease. As expected in validation analyses, patients with Wilson's disease had a threefold greater risk of cirrhosis (hazard ratio [HR] 2.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.81 to 2.90, p
Orbitofrontal Cortex: A Neural Circuit for Economic Decisions

Economic choice behavior entails the computation and comparison of subjective values. A central contribution of neuroeconomics has been to show that subjective values are represented explicitly at the neuronal level. With this result at hand, the field has increasingly focused on the difficult question of where in the brain and how exactly subjective values are compared to make a decision. Here, we review a broad range of experimental and theoretical results suggesting that good-based decisions are generated in a neural circuit within the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The main lines of evidence supporting this proposal include the fact that goal-directed behavior is specifically disrupted by OFC lesions, the fact that different groups of neurons in this area encode the input and the output of the decision process, the fact that activity fluctuations in each of these cell groups correlate with choice variability, and the fact that these groups of neurons are computationally sufficient to generate decisions. Results from other brain regions are consistent with the idea that good-based decisions take place in OFC and indicate that value signals inform a variety of mental functions. We also contrast the present proposal with other leading models for the neural mechanisms of economic decisions. Finally, we indicate open questions and suggest possible directions for future research.
A Note on Huave Morpheme Ordering: Local Dislocation or Generalized U20?

This chapter pursues the question whether postsyntactic reordering is a necessary component of UG (as in DM), or (can)not (be) (as in Antisymmetry). A typology of morpheme ordering is developed based on the typology of word order patterns characterized by (Greenberg’s) Universal 20 (U20), modeled by Cinque (Linguistic inquiry 36: 315–332, 2005), and since shown to characterize the typology of word orders in other syntactic domains. Under a syntactic antisymmetry account, morpheme orders are expected to track the syntactic U20 patterns. In syntactic theories without Antisymmetry and with head movement, no such expectations hold, and postsyntactic morpheme reordering must be assumed, If postsyntactic reordering is not available in UG, morpheme orders that have been argued to require postsyntactic reordering in DM should fall within the allowable U20 typology. This chapter looks at a puzzling morpheme order paradigm from Huave, argued by Embick and Noyer (2007), to require postsyntactic local dislocation. It shows that a local dislocation account is ill-motivated, regardless of antisymmetry. This puzzling paradigm turns out to be unremarkable, given the expected U20 syntactic typology. This chapter further develops and tests the antisymmetric U20 account for Huave, and shows that the morpheme alternations can be captured successfully without any need for postsyntactic reordering. It has the advantage of relating specific morpho-syntactic problems to general syntactic configurations, and is shown to extend to capture morpheme order variation within varieties of Huave.
A Latent Variable Approach to Differentiating Neural Mechanisms of Irritability and Anxiety in Youth.

Importance Comorbidity is ubiquitous in psychiatry, but it is unclear how to differentiate neural mechanisms of co-occurring symptoms. Pediatric irritability and anxiety symptoms are prevalent and frequently co-occur. Threat orienting is pertinent to both phenotypes and is an ideal context in which to examine their unique and common neural mechanisms. Objectives To decompose the unique and shared variances of pediatric irritability and anxiety symptoms and to determine neural correlates of these differentiated phenotypes during threat orienting. Design, setting, and participants This investigation was a cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging study. The setting was a research clinic at the National Institute of Mental Health. Participants were youth aged 8 to 18 years spanning multiple diagnostic categories (141 youth with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, anxiety disorder, and/or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and 56 healthy youth). This combination provided wide variation in levels of irritability and anxiety symptoms. Data were acquired between June 30, 2012, and June 28, 2016. Main outcomes and measures Participants and parents rated youth's irritability on the Affective Reactivity Index and anxiety on the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders. Bifactor analysis decomposed the unique and shared variances. A functional magnetic resonance imaging dot-probe task assessed attention orienting to angry (ie, threat) vs neutral faces. Whole-brain analyses examined associations between the bifactor-derived phenotypes and both neural activity and amygdala functional connectivity. Results Among 197 participants included in the final analysis, the mean (SD) age was 13.1 (2.7) years, and 91 (46.2%) were female. The best-fit bifactor model (Comparative Fit Index, 0.959; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, 0.066) included unique factors of parent-reported irritability, youth-reported irritability, and anxiety, as well as a common factor of negative affectivity. When the task required attention away from threat, higher parent-reported irritability was associated with increased activity in the insula, caudate, dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and inferior parietal lobule (t189≥4.15 for all, P Conclusions and relevance A latent variable approach to parsing co-occurring symptom dimensions revealed a novel double dissociation. During orientation away from threat, only irritability was associated with neural activity, whereas only anxiety was associated with amygdala connectivity. Despite the challenges of symptom co-occurrence for clinical neuroscience, data-driven phenotyping may facilitate a path forward.
Creating an Institutional Ethical Identity

Institutions became the dominant landmarks on the map of health care as the twentieth century drew to an end. This rise to power occurred without the presence of a substantive ethical framework upon which to base corporate actions. Instead, as they had for centuries, institutions relied mainly on the ethics of their professional constituents to project the appearance and/or provide the substance of a guiding ethical presence.
Tracking the dynamics of single quantum dots: Beating the optical resolution twice

Using particle tracking routines the location of single point light sources can be determined with an accuracy of a few nanometers. By using quantum dots (QDs) emitting at different wavelengths, the measurement of the distance between these point light sources, which are closer than the optical resolution of 200-nm, was achieved. The nanocrystals have major advantages over conventional chromophores in higher quantum yield, more photostability, and the possibility of different emission wavelengths by an excitation with a single wavelength. The colocalization of two single QDs at the least distance of 40-nm can be measured with a standard deviation of 5-nm and a time resolution of 117-ms using one excitation wavelength.
Human monoclonal antiphospholipid antibodies disrupt the annexin A5 anticoagulant crystal shield on phospholipid bilayers: evidence from atomic force microscopy and functional assay.

The antiphospholipid (aPL) syndrome is an autoimmune condition that is marked by recurrent pregnancy losses and/or systemic vascular thrombosis in patients who have antibodies against phospholipid/co-factor complexes. The mechanism(s) for pregnancy losses and thrombosis in this condition is (are) not known. Annexin A5 is a potent anticoagulantprotein, expressed by placental trophoblasts and endothelial cells, that crystallizes over anionic phospholipids, shielding them from availability for coagulation reactions. We previously presented data supporting the hypothesis that aPL antibody-mediated disruption of the anticoagulant annexin A5 shield could be a thrombogenic mechanism in the aPL syndrome. However, this has remained a subject of controversy. We therefore used atomic force microscopy, a method previously used to study the crystallization of annexin A5, to image the effects of monoclonal human aPL antibodies on the crystal structure of the protein over phospholipid bilayers. In the presence of the aPL monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and β2-GPI, the major aPL co-factor, structures presumed to be aPL mAb-antigen complexes were associated with varying degrees of disruption to the annexin A5 crystallization pattern over the bilayer. In addition, measurements of prothrombinase activity on the phospholipid bilayers showed that the aPL mAbs reduced the anti-coagulant effect of annexin A5 and promoted thrombin generation. These data provide morphological evidence that support the hypothesis that aPL antibodies can disrupt annexin A5 binding to phospholipid membranes and permit increased generation of thrombin. The aPL antibody-mediated disruption of the annexin A5 anticoagulant shield may be an important prothrombotic mechanism in the aPL syndrome.
Otero Junior College'S Reading/Study Skills Laboratory –A Supporting Service

(1972). Otero Junior College'S Reading/Study Skills Laboratory –A Supporting Service. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Western College Reading Association: Vol. 5, Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference of the WCRA. Reading: Putting All the Cards on the Table, pp. 42-49.
Constrained from leaving or comfortable at home? Young people’s explanations for delayed home-leaving in 28 European countries:

Many comparative studies of home-leaving examine behavior associated with this transition and the relative importance of both structural and cultural factors in helping or hindering it. Yet, we kno...
The measurement and transmission of macroeconomic uncertainty: Evidence from the U.S. and BRIC countries

Abstract We propose a new measure of macroeconomic uncertainty that incorporates a rich information set from U.S. SPF density forecasts. Our measure has two key advantages over traditional measures: (i) it reflects the subjective perceptions of market participants; and (ii) it is an ex ante measure that does not require a knowledge of realized outcomes. We study the features of this measure of macroeconomic uncertainty and explore its impact on real economic activities within the U.S., as well as its spillover effects for BRIC countries.
Directed Polymers in a Random Environment with Heavy Tails

We study the model of directed polymers in a random environment in 1 + 1 dimensions, where the distribution at a site has a tail that decays regularly polynomially with power α, where α ∈ (0,2). After proper scaling of temperature β−1, we show strong localization of the polymer to a favorable region in the environment where energy and entropy are best balanced. We prove that this region has a weak limit under linear scaling and identify the limiting distribution as an (α, β)-indexed family of measures on Lipschitz curves lying inside the 45°-rotated square with unit diagonal. In particular, this shows order-n transversal fluctuations of the polymer. If, and only if, α is small enough, we find that there exists a random critical temperature below which, but not above which, the effect of the environment is macroscopic. The results carry over to d + 1 dimensions for d > 1 with minor modifications. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Average Wavelet Energy-Based Method for Fault Classification in Transmission Lines

This paper proposes a novel method for fault classification in transmission lines. It uses the Average Wavelet Energy (AWE) to quantify high-frequency components during the fault period and determine the fault type by comparing values of AWE for different phases. The proposed method is tested with real fault events in the waveform library developed by Grid Protection Alliance (GPA) in partnership with Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). The results show that the proposed method performs better than the traditional method implemented in openXDA in terms of the accuracy of fault type classification.
Social Media's Influence on Breast Augmentation.

Background The purpose of this study is to evaluate if and what social media use influences our patients' decisions to undergo breast augmentation. Objectives A single-institution study was designed to evaluate women who underwent elective breast augmentation from 2017 to 2018. Methods Patients were contacted via validated, prompted telephone survey. Data regarding their demographic information and social media utilization pertaining to breast augmentation were collected after obtaining verbal consent. Results Inclusion criteria were met by 180 patients, of which 69% participated in the survey. Ninety-seven percent of the participants reported utilizing social media in general; the most common platforms were Facebook, Instagram, and the physician's website. Millennials (97%) and Generation X (92%) utilized social media the most and none of the baby boomers. Sixty-four percent of participants reported utilizing some form of social media to research breast augmentation, with the most common resource being Instagram. When analyzing the impact of the social media resources utilized by the participants, Instagram was reported as the most impactful at 54%. Only 18% of participants were utilizing a physician's social media account to research breast augmentation. Among the 50% of patients who utilized social media to compare their surgeon's work with another physician's, the majority (83%) were utilizing the physician's website. Conclusions Social media influences patients' education and decisions to undergo breast augmentation, with Instagram being the most impactful. This study evaluated the patient population to stay up to date on their social media utilization and resources of education prior to breast augmentation.
Loss of Aurora kinase signaling allows lung cancer cells to adopt an alternative cell cycle and resist anti-mitotic drugs

Abstract Drug resistance is a major challenge for cancer medicine and, despite substantial research, our understanding of the molecular determinants of drug resistance mechanisms remains incomplete. In the course of investigating vulnerabilities of non-small cell lung cancer to Aurora kinase inhibitors, we discovered that some cancer cells continue to grow after the inhibition of Aurora kinase signaling by switching to a cell cycle variant, a form of endocycle, that avoids mitosis and continues to replicate DNA without dividing. Such cells are completely resistant to treatment with antimitotic drugs as long as Aurora kinases are inhibited. These cancer “persister” cells can re-enter the proliferative cell cycle when anti-mitotic treatment is terminated. Endocycling, which occurs naturally in specialized cell types in many species, can also be used by cancer cells to survive anti-mitotic cancer drugs.
Ervebo (Ebola Zaire Vaccine, Live/rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP): The First Licensed Vaccine for the Prevention of Ebola Virus Disease:

Objective: To review the clinical data regarding the safety and efficacy of the Ervebo (Ebola Zaire vaccine, live/rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP) vaccine for the prevention of the Ebola virus disease. Data Source...
SCAI Shock Classification to Predict Outcomes of Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Purpose The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) recently introduced a staging schema for cardiogenic shock (CS) based on exam findings, lab markers, and hemodynamics. We applied the SCAI schema to CS patients treated with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) to assess clinical relevance. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients receiving VA-ECMO for CS at our institution from January 2015 to December 2019. Patients with post-cardiotomy shock and non-cardiac shock etiologies were excluded. Patients were classified to a SCAI stage A-E based on device and drug initiation, hemodynamics, CPR use, and levels of lactate and creatinine. Outcomes included in-hospital mortality, myocardial recovery, and adverse events during ECMO course. Results A total of 245 patients met the inclusion criteria, with median age of 59 years [IQR: 48-67]. One hundred fifty-nine patients (65%) were male. The number of patients in SCAI stages was 0 (0%) in A, 0 (0%) in B, 34 (14%) in C, 82 (33%) in D, and 129 (53%) in E. Of the E patients, 88 (68%) were undergoing CPR. Underlying CS etiologies of acute decompensated heart failure (C: 53%, D: 43%, E: 17%, p Conclusion In patients treated with VA-ECMO for CS, the SCAI classification provided robust risk stratification.
Virus-Dependent Immune Conditioning of Tissue Microenvironments

A thorough understanding of complex spatial host-disease interactions in situ is necessary in order to develop effective preventative measures and therapeutic strategies. Here, we developed Protein And Nucleic acid IN situ Imaging (PANINI) and coupled it with Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging (MIBI) to sensitively and simultaneously quantify DNA, RNA, and protein levels within the microenvironments of tissue compartments. The PANINI-MIBI approach was used to measure over 30 parameters simultaneously across large sections of archival lymphoid tissues from non-human primates that were healthy or infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), a model that accurately recapitulates human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). This enabled multiplexed dissection of cellular phenotypes, functional markers, viral DNA integration events, and viral RNA transcripts as resulting from viral infection. The results demonstrated immune coordination from an unexpected upregulation of IL10 in B cells in response to SIV infection that correlated with macrophage M2 polarization, thus conditioning a potential immunosuppressive environment that allows for viral production. This multiplexed imaging strategy also allowed characterization of the coordinated microenvironment around latently or actively infected cells to provide mechanistic insights into the process of viral latency. The spatial multi-modal framework presented here is applicable to deciphering tissue responses in other infectious diseases and tumor biology.
A Brief History of Energy Law in United States Law Schools: An Introduction to the Symposium

“What is energy law?” That’s the question I often hear after I tell people I’m teaching the course. Today the importance of energy seems self-evident, but classes in the subject have had an up-and-down history in U.S. law schools that may have led to confusion about its content, so a brief history of its role in law schools is appropriate.
A new physics

This session considers the application of mathematics from control theory to several persistent mysteries at the foundations of physics where interconnected, multiscale systems issues arise. In addition to the ubiquity of power laws in natural and man-made systems, these include a new view of turbulence in highly sheared flows that results from design for drag minimization, the origin of macroscopic dissipation and thermodynamic irreversibility in microscopically reversible dynamics, the universality of quantum gates for quantum computing, decoherence minimization in quantum systems, and entanglement witnessing. The latter ones are problems at the heart of several important tasks such as quantum computing, teleportation and quantum key distribution. Much of the original motivation for a new science of complexity came from the hope that methods of theoretical physics could contribute to a theory of complex engineering and biological networks and systems. This collection of work shows that apparently exactly the opposite is true. The role that robust control methods play in this research will be the central theme of this paper, around which the other issues will be woven. The aim is not to provide a control-friendly rederivation of known results in physics, but rather to illustrate through representative examples, how exciting new results and important insight, as assessed by physicists themselves, can be obtained through the mathematics and methods that the control community has developed. Since this work is largely being published in the scientific literature, the controls community may be largely unaware of these developments.
Strong composition down. Characterizations of new and classical bankruptcy rules

This paper is devoted to the study of claims problems. We identify the family of rules that satisfy strong composition down (robustness with respect to reevaluations of the estate) and consistency (robustness with respect to changes in the set of agents) together. We call to that family the backbone family, which is a generalization of the weighted constrained equal awards rules. In addition, once strong composition down is combined with homogeneity only the weighted constrained equal awards rules survive. We also prove that the constrained equal awards rule is the unique rules satisfying strong composition down and equal treatment of equals together.