cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Personal financial planning: Develop a good financial plan for yourself at an early age and assure a secure future

Suppose a friend told you that he had made a 10 percent return on his investments in 1984. Is that good? Bad? Should you congratulate him or laugh at him? It all depends on what his goals were and how much risk he was willing to take. Compared to the inflation rate of 4 percent in 1984 he did well. Compared to one measure of stock market performance, the SP maybe he took an enormous risk hoping to make a big killing. Your response depends on his investment goals.
Serum enzyme changes in newborn calves fed colostrum.

Summary In 10 newborn Holstein calves, which were initially bottle-fed on pooled colostrum, there were transient increases in several serum enzymes. Within a few hours, the mean serum γ-glutamyl transferase (γGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities increased 62.5, 2.4, 2.0, 1.8 and 1.3 fold, respectively. In two other calves given initial feeds of enzyme-free pasteurized milk, there were similar increases in serum enzymes, except serum γGT. Correct interpretation of serum enzyme activities in newborn calves must take into account the normal increases which occur after feeding colostrum. Serum γGT was the only enzyme to increase markedly as a result of its absorption from colostrum. The other serum enzymes are presumably released from the tissues of the calf. The increased activities of serum CK observed in some newborn calves probably resulted from trauma during birth or increased muscular activity after birth.
Hemolymph DNA concentrations during the molting cycle of the fresh water crayfish, Procambarus clarkii.

Abstract 1. 1. Hemolymph DNA concentrations in the fresh water crayfish, Procambarus clarkii , were found to be 35·9 ± 15·6 μg/ml. 2. 2. Premolt concentrations were significantly higher than intermolt concentrations. 3. 3. It was postulated that the increase in hemolymph DNA concentrations in premolt was the result of cell destruction as a consequence of the molting phenomenon, synthesis of new DNA before or during mitosis, and possibly other factors.
Preliminary observations of oxygen and carbon dioxide of the wintertime Bering Sea marginal ice zone

Abstract Wintertime oxygen and pH profiles across the marginal ice zone of the central and southeastern Bering Sea shelf are analyzed and compared with summer data. During the winter, at water depths shallower than 75 m, the water column is homogeneous and near freezing. Between the 75- and 200-m isobaths the structure is essentially two-layered, a cool and fresh upper layer overlying a warmer, more saline bottom layer. The oxygen concentration in the surface mixed layer is higher than the summer values, but the degree of saturation is lower because of the lower temperature in winter. The oxygen degree of saturation in the bottom mixed layer on the shelf in winter are higher than in the surface water in winter and the bottom water in summer. In summer the oxygen and carbon dioxide data show extreme variability governed primarily by biological processes. Winter oxygen and pH data, however, do not scatter as much as the summer data and indicate conservative mixing of several sub-surface water masses. The surface water is undersaturated in both oxygen and carbon dioxide and seems to absorb oxygen, but little carbon dioxide, from the atmosphere. Two stations were occupied in the Aleutian Basin. The homogeneous surface layer has the same oxygen and pH values as in the minimum temperature layer observed in the summer by other investigators at the same location. The result substantiates the hypothesis of early investigators that the summer minimum temperature layer is the remnant local winter water. All winter surface waters sampled are undersaturated with respect to oxygen, suggesting that the input of oxygen through the air-sea exchange does not keep up with the rate of upwelling and cooling, which reduces the degree of oxygen saturation. Surface carbon dioxide is also undersaturated because of cooling. The maximum temperature layer at these two Aleutian Basin stations is warmer, fresher, and contains more oxygen, but less carbon dioxide, than in the summer, suggesting advective input of some nonlocal seawater.
Transport and fluctuations in reversed field pinches

In the reversed field pinch various turbulent transport mechanisms might be simultaneously active, including MHD flow effects, free-streaming in a stochastic magnetic field, direct transfer of fluctuating energy to ions, and electrostatic fluctuation driven transport. By comparing fluctuations and transport in the RFP to that in the related toroidal configurations of the tokamak and stellarator, a greater understanding of toroidal confinement in general might be achieved. In addition to particle and energy transport, current transport sustains the reversed field magnetic configuration and constitutes the dynamo effect. Recent results are available from RFP experiments on electrostatic fluctuations, anomalous ion heating, the presence of free-streaming fast electrons, and the extension of these effects to plasmas of large size. The reactor promise of the RFP is based upon the conjecture that the beta value will remain high and the resistance scaling classical, as has been the case in past experiments. One might expect beta to be limited by resistive interchange turbulence. The MST, RFX, and ZTH experiments will form a sequence of devices to test this scaling conjecture to large size and large current values.
Differential Contributions of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Manifestations to Psychological Symptoms

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of previously identified Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) manifestations (infertility, hirsutism, obesity, menstrual problems) to multiple psychological symptoms. Participants were 126 female endocrinology patient volunteers diagnosed with PCOS who completed a cross-sectional study of PCOS manifestations and psychological symptoms. Participants had significantly elevated scores on nine subscales of psychological symptoms. Menstrual problems were significantly associated with all symptom subscales as well as the global indicator, while hirsutism and obesity were significantly related to five or more subscales. After controlling for demographic factors, menstrual problems were the strongest predictor of psychological symptoms. Findings suggest features of excess body hair, obesity, and menstrual abnormalities carry unique risks for adverse psychologic symptoms, but menstrual problems may be the most salient of these features and deserve particular attention as a marker for psychological risk among women with PCOS.
Pressure homogenization of mammalian tissues.

Abstract It has been shown that up to 50 g of soft, preminced, mammalian tissue can be satisfactorily homogenized in less than 30 min by the use of a pressure homogenizer. The cellular components appear to retain their biological activity and physical properties at least as well as those obtained from homogenates prepared by any other method
Getting started with CD-ROM

This is just a brief overview of the production process of a CD-ROM. For our first project, we have decided to work with a publisher rather than investing in equipment that would allow us to do much of the production on our own. Working in partnership with a publisher may mean receiving a royalty rather than reaping all the profits; however, with a limited budget this is the best way to get started. The CD-ROM Directory is expected to be completed by May, 1992, with a demo floppy disc available for the Satellite and Education Conference, March 18–20, 1992.
Permeation of 4-cyanophenol and methyl paraben from powder and saturated aqueous solution through silicone rubber membranes and human skin.

Abstract The objectives were to compare permeation from neat powder and saturated aqueous solution of two model compounds into homogeneous silicone rubber (polydimethylsiloxane) membranes (SRM) and human skin, which is heterogeneous, and to test the common assumption that solid chemicals do not absorb unless liquid is present. The steady-state flux of 4-cyanophenol (CP) through SRM from the powder (0.0684 ± 0.0040 mg/cm 2 ·h) was almost the same as from a saturated solution (0.0789 ± 0.0064 mg/cm 2 ·h, indicating that solid chemicals can absorb without the presence of liquids. The steady-state flux of CP through skin of a single subject was much smaller from the powder (0.0118 ± 0.0064 mg/cm 2 ·h) than from the saturated solution (0.168 ± 0.033 mg/cm 2 ·h). The average flux for powder relative to the saturated aqueous solution was 7.24% in skin compared with 87.2% in SRM for CP and 9.02% in skin compared with 99.9% in SRM for methyl paraben. It is evident that absorption into SRM and skin can occur from powdered chemicals and that surface oils or moisture are unnecessary. However, SRM proved to be a poor surrogate for dermal permeation from powders of CP and MP.
Daily fluctuations in plasma calcium, phosphate, and their radionuclide concentrations in the rat

Daily fluctuations in plasma calcium, phosphate and their radionuclides (injected 5 or more days previously) were determined in rats maintained on a closely controlled feeding and light schedule. Male rats (150–300 g) were trained to a 7 a.m.–7 p.m. ‘light’ schedule with food available 9 p.m. to 9 a.m. All parameters dropped rapidly at the start of each feeding period and then rose during the day. The daily changes in radionuclide concentrations were several orders of magnitude greater than for the stable ions. Continuous access to food produced an earlier fall (5 p.m.) in all plasma values. In thyroidectomized rats (with parathyroid transplants) plasma calcium and phosphate remained relatively constant during the 24 h period. If the time of availability of food was moved 6 h earlier (no change in light cycle), the drop in these plasma values also occurred 6 h earlier. Closer examination of these daily changes indicated that all values fell at least 1 h prior to feeding. In fasted rats, plasma calcium and phosphate concentration fell as usual; however,45Ca and32P rose instead of falling. It was concluded that, in normal rats, changes in endogenous calcitonin secretion may actually increase rather than decrease daily perturbations of plasma calcium and phosphate. Daily changes in these values are influenced by a conditioned reflex developed due to the feeding habits of the rats. Finally, it is suggested that intestinal hormones rather than calcium may be the primary control of calcitonin secretion, and that the gastrointestinal tract plays a major role, in addition to absorptive activity, in both calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
Innovative approach using interprofessional simulation to educate surgical residents in technical and nontechnical skills in high-risk clinical scenarios.

Importance The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core competencies stress nontechnical skills that can be difficult to evaluate and teach to surgical residents. During emergencies, surgeons work in interprofessional teams and are required to perform certain procedures. To obtain proficiency in these skills, residents must be trained. Objective To educate surgical residents in leadership, teamwork, effective communication, and infrequently performed emergency surgical procedures with the use of interprofessional simulations. Design, Setting, and Participants SimMan 3GS was used to simulate high-risk clinical scenarios (15-20 minutes), followed by debriefings with real-time feedback (30 minutes). A modified Oxford Non-Technical Skills scale (score range, 1-4) was used to assess surgical resident performance during the first half of the academic year (July-December 2012) and the second half of the academic year (January-June 2013). Anonymous online surveys were used to solicit participant feedback. Simulations were conducted in the operating room, intensive care unit, emergency department, ward, and simulation center. A total of 43 surgical residents (postgraduate years [PGYs] 1 and 2) participated in interdisciplinary clinical scenarios, with other health care professionals (nursing, anesthesia, critical care, medicine, respiratory therapy, and pharmacy; mean number of nonsurgical participants/session: 4, range 0-9). Thirty seven surgical residents responded to the survey. Exposures Simulation of high-risk clinical scenarios: postoperative pulmonary embolus, pneumothorax, myocardial infarction, gastrointestinal bleeding, anaphylaxis with a difficult airway, and pulseless electrical activity arrest. Main Outcomes and Measures Evaluation of resident skills: communication, leadership, teamwork, problem solving, situation awareness, and confidence in performing emergency procedures (eg, cricothyroidotomy). Results A total of 31 of 35 (89%) of the residents responding found the sessions useful. Additionally, 28 of 33 (85%) reported improved confidence doing procedures and 29 of 37 (78%) reported knowing when the procedure should be applied. Oxford Non-Technical Skills evaluation demonstrated significant improvement in PGY 2 resident performance assessed during the 2 study periods: communication score increased from 3 to 3.71 ( P = .01), leadership score increased from 2.77 to 3.86 ( P P = .007), and procedural ability score increased from 2.23 to 3.43 ( P = .03). There were no statistically significant improved scores in PGY 2 decision making or situation awareness. No improvements in skills were seen among PGY 1 participants. Conclusions and Relevance The PGY 2 residents improved their skills, but the PGY 1 residents did not. Participants found interprofessional simulations to be realistic and a valuable educational tool. Interprofessional simulation provides a valuable means of educating surgical residents and evaluating their skills in real-life clinical scenarios.
History and sand budgets of the barrier island system in the Panama City, Florida, region

Abstract Shell Island and Crooked Island peninsulas comprise the Holocene barrier system in the Panama City, Florida, region. Both of these peninsulas have experienced a history of integration-fragmentation-integration superimposed on a net shoreward migration since 1779. Catastrophic events such as hurricanes are most probably responsible for the pass cutting which has fragmented these barriers. Both barrier peninsulas have very nearly segmented St. Andrew Sound into an eastern and western portion. This segmentation has been achieved through natural causes in the eastern or Crooked Island region, but an alternation in the tidal return pattern, effected by the cutting of a canal across Shell Island, is probably responsible for the ongoing segmentation of the western portion. Rates of erosion/deposition, determined by comparing bathymetries charted in 1877, 1930, and 1946, demand that these two peninsulas receive material by eastward transport. Furthermore, the long shore drift of both peninsulas is bidirectional, northwesterly and southeasterly. These two drift components are very nearly equal in magnitude immediately west of Shell Island; net easterly drift occurs on Shell Island peninsula. Crooked Island experiences net westerly and easterly drift; the easterly drift terminates in the Bell Shoal area and does not reach the adjacent St. Joe Spit.
Autism and the gut.

Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) that is generally manifested in the first 3 years of life and characterized by dysfunction in social interaction and communication.1 Any person whose social skills have been severely deficient since early childhood, who started to talk late, or whose communicative use of language is inadequate and who engages in restricted repetitive and stereotypic behaviors meets the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder.1 There are 5 classifications of PDDs,1 including: 1. autistic disorder (classic autism) 2. Asperger syndrome 3. Childhood disintegrative disorder 4. Rett syndrome 5. PDD, not otherwise classified The etiology of autism is unknown. As such, conjecture and scientific inquiry into the cause are open to speculation. Although not included in the diagnostic criteria, there have been many reports describing gastrointestinal symptoms in 9% to 84% of children with autism.2–7 Indeed, Asperger8 himself suggested a possible link to celiac disease and autism in 1961. Goodwin et al9 noted malabsorption in autistic children in 1971, and Walker-Smith and Andrews10 found low levels of α-1 antitrypsin in children with autism and possible celiac disease in 1972. In 1979 Panksepp11 described a neurochemical theory of autism, proposing that incomplete breakdown and excessive absorption of dietary food peptides (eg, barley, rye, oats, and casein) may exert central opioid-like effects. Reichelt et al12 and Shattock et al13 suggested that these food-derived gut peptides may directly or via formation of ligands … Address correspondence to Mark A. Gilger, MD, Texas Children's Hospital, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Clinical Care Center, Suite 10.10, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030-2399. E-mail: mgilger{at}bcm.edu
Achievement in criminal justice: An analysis of graduating seniors

Pressure from legislative bodies and the public for accountability in higher education has been associated with programs to gauge student's knowledge through means such as achievement tests. Yet little scholarly work is available on these programs. The present study explores the determinants of scores on a standardized criminal justice achievement test; some significant determinants of scores might be manipulated in efforts to improve program participants' scores in the future. A series of predictor variables are drawn from the literature on educational achievement and attainment. Past academic achievement or GPA was the variable most closely associated with the variance in test scores; transfer students had significantly lower test scores than nontransfer students; males had higher scores than females. The model explains 45 percent of the variance in test scores. The results suggest that the manipulation of some, but not most, student input variables might improve results.
Combining structural and statistical features in a machine learning technique for texture classification

This paper presents a method for applying inductive learning techniques to texture description. Local texture features described as eight attributes have been extracted for each pixel from small windows (5x5, 7x7 or 9x9) centered around the pixel. The extra ninth attribute is computed from larger global area (25*25) as a co-occurrence matrix parameter. All nine attributes from an event, which is essentially a point in a 9-dimensional attribute space. Sets of such events are computed for different texture classes, and the inductive learning AQ algorithm is used to generate a given class description. Such learned descriptions are evaluated against different texture samples. Results of experiments performed on eight textural images are presented.
The Sources of Support for Separatism: Public Opinion in Three Soviet Republics

. The replacement of the Soviet Union by independent states rather than by a loose confederation of component republics reflects (in part) the demands for change that were being expressed by mass publics. What caused the people to reject decentralisation of authority within the existing state structure and chose rather to support movements that insisted on the establishment of independent states? We examine whether concerns about ‘discriminatory redistribution’ and ‘cultural preservation’ were more important than questions of ‘efficiency’ or ‘relative deprivation’ as motivations behind support for secession. The analysis is based upon public opinion data from Russia, Ukraine and Lithuania gathered in May of 1990 and in June of 1991. We conclude that although issues related to cultural preservation and discriminatory redistribution were foremost in the minds of separatists, concerns about efficiency and improved management in government are also relevant for understanding support for separatism.
Developmental changes in peer factors and the influence on marijuana initiation among secondary school students

A longitudinal sample of 3454 secondary school students in Wake County, North Carolina, was used to examine developmental changes in peer factors and their influence on marijuana initiation. Research hypotheses and questions focused on the issues of the relative influence of different types of peer factors, the causal order of peer attitudes and behaviors and respondents' behavior, and the influence of developmental changes on these relationships. Results showed that respondents perceived greater levels of use among students generally and adolescents in their neighborhoods than among their friends, but when friends' use was perceived, it was strongly related to respondents' own use. The causal order of these variables, however, was not necessarily friends influencing respondents but was probably reciprocal. Friends' drug-related behaviors, rather than attitudes, were more strongly related to respondents' likelihood of initiation. This relationship was strongest for the youngest respondents, those in the sixth grade. The strength of the relationship diminished as adolescents grew older.
ARIES-AT magnet systems

This report presents a conceptual design of the magnet systems for an advanced tokamak fusion reactor (ARIES-AT). The main focus of the paper is to anticipate and extrapolate the current state-of-the-art in high temperature superconductors and coil design, and apply them to an advanced commercial fusion reactor concept. The current design point is described and supported with a preliminary structural analysis and a discussion of the merits, performance, and economics of high temperature vs. low temperature superconductors in an advanced fusion reactor design.
The Preparation and Tensile Properties of Polyethylene Composites.

Single polymer composites have been prepared using different morphologies of polyethylene as matrix and as the reinforcement. Depending on annealing conditions, the ultraoriented fibers used as reinforcement can have higher melting points (ca. 139°C) than the matrix made from the same conventionally crystallized high-density polyethylene (ca. 132°C) or from low-density polyethylene (ca. 110°C). The optimum temperature has been assessed for bonding to occur by growth of transcrystalline regions from the melt matrix without considerable modulus reduction of the annealed ultraoriented and reinforcement fiber or film. Pullout tests have been used for determining the interfacial shear strength of these single polymer composites. The interfacial shear strength for the high-density polyethylene films embedded in a low-density polyethylene matrix is 7.5 MPa and for high-density polyethylene self-composites is 17 MPa. These values are greater than the strength for glass-reinforced resins. The strength is mainly due to the unique epitaxial bonding which gives greater adhesion than the compressive and radial stresses arising from the differential shrinkage of matrix and reinforcement. The tensile modulus of composites prepared from uniaxial and continuous high-density polyethylene films embedded in low-density polyethylene obeys the simple law of mixtures and the reinforced low-density polyethylene modulus is increased by a factor of 10. High strength cross-ply high-density-polyethylene—low-density-polyethylene laminates have also been prepared and the mechanical properties have been studied as the film orientation is varied with respect to the tensile axis.
Zimp encodes a homologue of mouse Miz1 and PIAS3 and is an essential gene in Drosophila melanogaster

The related mouse proteins Miz1 and PIAS3, which have predicted zinc finger domains, interact with the transcription factors Msx2 and STAT3, modulating the ability of Msx2 and STAT3 to regulate transcription. Here, we describe a Drosophila gene, zimp, that encodes a protein with similarity to Miz1 and PIAS3. The zimp gene appears to be post-transcriptionally regulated, as three alternatively spliced forms are detected in a cDNA library screen and on an RNA blot. In addition, all three zimp transcripts are detected in embryonic mRNA, but only two of the transcripts are detected in adult mRNA. The three transcripts have the ability to encode two proteins, of 554 and 522 amino acids. The two Zimp amino acid sequences share an amino-terminal 515-amino-acid region and differ in their carboxy-termini. These proteins and related proteins in other organisms, including mammals, C. elegans, yeast, and plants, share a highly conserved region predicted to form a zinc finger. Deletion of the zimp gene or P-element insertion in zimp is lethal; thus, zimp is an essential gene in Drosophila. These data underscore the potential importance of Zimp-related proteins cross-species, and conservation of the putative zinc finger domain suggests that it is functionally important.
Nonphosphorus Catalysts for Formaldehyde-Free DP Finishing of Cotton with 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic Acid Part II: Sodium Salts of Fumaric, Maleic, and Itaconic Acids

We examined catalyrtic activities of mono- or disodium salts of fumaric, maleic, and itaconic acids for the reaction of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid ( BTCA ) with cotton cellulose. Evidence for esterification and crosslinking of cellulose with BTCA in the presence of these carboxylic acid salts was shown by improved durable press rating and conditioned wrinkle recovery angles of the treated fabric and the presence of ester groups in the treated fabric by FTIR analyses. In addition, FTIR and FT- Raman analyses revealed that these carboxylic acid salts did not participate in formation of permanent linkages with cellulose and BTCA.
Migration forces of transcatheter aortic valves in patients with noncalcific aortic insufficiency.

Objective Transcatheter aortic valves have been successfully implanted into the calcified leaflets of patients with severe aortic stenosis. However, their stability in patients with noncalcified aortic insufficiency is unknown. Similar to thoracic and abdominal aortic stent grafts, transcatheter aortic valves are subjected to antegrade ejection forces during systole. However, retrograde migration forces into the left ventricle are also generated by the diastolic pressure gradient across the closed valve. It has been suggested that leaflet calcification anchors the prosthesis, and measurements of migration forces should be considered before clinical trials in noncalcified aortic insufficiency. The objective of this study was to use computational fluid dynamics simulations to quantify forces that could potentially dislodge the prosthesis. Methods A computational fluid dynamics model was developed to simulate systolic flow through a geometric mesh of the aortic root and transcatheter aortic valves. Hemodynamic measurements were made at discrete moments during ejection. Unsteady control volume analysis was used for calculations of force on the mesh. Results Results of the simulation indicate that a total force of 0.602 N acts on the transcatheter aortic valves during systole, 99% of which is in the direction of axial flow. The largest contributor to force was the dynamic pressure gradient through the transcatheter aortic valves. This antegrade force is approximately 10 times smaller than the retrograde force (6.01 N) on the closed valve during diastole. Conclusion Our model simulated systolic flow through a transcatheter aortic valve and demonstrated migration into the left ventricle to be of greater concern than antegrade ejection.
Copyrights and author responsibilities

The issues associated with the reuse of copyrighted material are discussed by examining a number of case studies. The concepts of exclusive rights and fair use of copyright-protected material are described. An author's reuse of his or her own copyright-protected material, duplicate submissions, and simultaneous submissions are also discussed. The ways in which the engineering profession deals with plagiarism are reviewed. >
The linkage of neural progenitor cell cycle profiles between embryonic and adult stroke models: Analytical approach II.

In the adult brain, neural progenitor cells are present in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (Luskin et al., 1997; varez-Buylla et al., 2000). Proliferation of neural progenitor cells is tightly controlled by cell cycle kinetics (Takahashi et al., 1993; Caviness, Jr. et al., 2003). Using cumulative and single pulse bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling methods, Nowakowski and his colleagues (1989) have determined the length of the cell cycle and established the cell cycle interval of mice during neocortical formation, the embryonic model. By adapting this approach, we found that stroke significantly increases the proliferating population of SVZ neural progenitor cells in rats subjected to 7 days of embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (S7), which is associated with the reduction of the cell cycle length (Tc), especially the length in G1 phase (TG1) (Zhang et al., 2006). Using the enhanced analytic approach which permits the precision for cell cycle kinetic parameters, we further demonstrate that migration of neural progenitor cells out of the SVZ can be ignored in the estimation of the cell cycle parameters (Lu et al., 2007). The cell cycle length is associated with neural progenitor cell progression from proliferation to neurogenic divisions during cortical neurogenesis (Caviness, Jr. et al., 1995; Caviness, Jr. et al., 2003). The proportion of neural progenitors that remain in (P fraction) and exit from (Q fraction) the cell cycle in the pseudostratified ventricular epithelium determines the degree of cortical neurogenesis during embryonic development 11 to 17 days after (E11 to E17, Takahashi et al., 1996a; Takahashi et al., 1996b). However, it remains to be determined whether the reduction of the cell cycle length of adult neural progenitor cells after stroke is related to P and Q fractions. In the present study, we seek to establish the temporal profile of stroke neural progenitor cells by studying the cell kinetics and the cell behaviors over a period of 2 to 14 days after stroke. With analytical extension of Takahashi’s previous work for the embryonic model (Takahashi et al., 1994; Takahashi et al., 1997), we tested the hypothesis that adult neural progenitor cells after stroke recapture embryonic cell kinetics. Mathematical modeling is used to study the cell length, Tc or TG1, evolution over time, the correlation between Tc and TG1, and the likelihood of the cells in the SVZ remained in or exited from the cycle. Given that stroke induces neurogenesis, we expect that after the stroke, more cells exit the cycle and the cell proliferation profile differs from the embryonic model.
Novel Reliable RF Capacitive MEMS Switches With Photodefinable Metal–Oxide Dielectrics

In this paper, the design, fabrication, and measurement of reliable low-cost capacitive radio-frequency microelectromechanical systems switches with a novel fabrication approach using direct photodefinable high-k metal oxides are presented. In this approach, a radiation-sensitive metal-organic precursor is deposited via spin coating and converted to a high-k metal oxide via ultraviolet exposure. Measurements of the bridge-type switches have been done up to 40 GHz. These switches are reliable (> 340 million cycles) and exhibited low insertion loss (about 0.3 dB at 20 GHz) and better isolation (about 24 dB at 20 GHz) at frequencies below the resonant frequency as compared to switches that are fabricated using a simple silicon nitride dielectric.
Temperature-Frequency Scaling in Amorphous Niobium-Silicon near the Metal-Insulator Transition

Millimeter-wave transmission measurements have been performed in amorphous niobium-silicon alloy samples where the DC conductivity follows the critical temperature dependence $\sigma_{dc} \propto T^{1/2}$. The real part of the conductivity is obtained at eight frequencies in the range 87--1040 GHz for temperatures 2.6 K and above. In the quantum regime ($\hbar \omega > k_B T$) the real part of the high-frequency conductivity has a power-law frequency dependence $Re~\sigma(\omega) \propto \omega^{1/2}$. For temperatures 16 K and below the data exhibits temperature-frequency scaling predicted by theories of dynamics near quantum-critical points.
Solutions of Einstein's field equations for static fluid spheres

Five new analytic solutions are presented. One of them has the equation of state P = K/sub 0/rho/sup 1+1/n/ + sigma/sub 1/rho, where sigma/sub 1/ = P/sub c//rho/sub c/c/sup 2/ and K/sub 0/ and n are constants; both pressure and density diverge at the origin while their ratio remains finite. Since the second term could be negligible at high densities, this solution can be considered as an analog of a relativistic polytrope over a certain range of radius. Each solution has been considered in some detail.
Foreign-gas collision broadening of the far-infrared spectrum of water vapor

The far-infrared rotational spectrum of H2(O-16) has been studied in the spectral range 25-112/cm to measure the foreign-gas collision-broadened linewidths. Measurements of 17 lines broadened by nitrogen and 21 lines broadened by oxygen are reported. The measurements were made at 297 K. From these data, the widths due to air broadening are obtained. The experimental results are compared with recent theoretical calculations and with the case of a constant linewidth, equal to the average experimental width. There is some correlation between the relative experimental linewidths and the theoretical predictions. However, the simple assumption of a constant value for the collision-broadened linewidths gives a better representation for the case of N2- and O2-broadened linewidths than do present detailed theoretical calculations.
Suicide and homicide in Caribbean nations.

The suicide and homicide rates of 14 Caribbean islands in the 1970s were predicted in part by the proportion of the population of African descent. Language: en
Ambiguous divisor classes in function fields

Let LK be a Galois extension of algegraic function fields in one variable with Galois group G. Let JK and JL be the divisor classes of degree zero in K and L, respectively. A study is made of the kernel and cokernel of the natural map from JK to JLG.
Effects of cadmium on survival, osmoregulatory ability and bioenergetics of juvenile blue crabs Callinectes sapidus at different salinities

Abstract Juvenile blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, from the Barataria estuary (Louisiana, USA) were exposed to a range of dissolved cadmium concentrations at 2.5 and 25%. to determine their response to cadmium. 21-Day LC50s were an order of magnitude lower at 2.5%. (19μg liter−1) than at 25%. (186μg liter−1). Crabs were exposed to Cd levels of 0, 50 and 100μg liter−1 for measurements of feeding, respiration and excretion rates. Respiration was the primary component (x = 86.2%) of the energy expenditure budget in all cases, relative to excretion. Rates of energy expenditure did not vary with cadmium concentration at either salinity, and were much lower than those of energy consumption and absorption. Scope for growth paralleled energy consumption and absorption. Scope for growth did not vary as a function of cadmium concentration at 25%.; scope for growth at 2.5%. was significantly lower in crabs exposed to 50 and 100μg liter−1 Cd relative to control crabs. Cadmium levels of up to 100μg liter−1 do not stress juvenile blue crabs at 25%.; but at 2.5%., these same levels of Cd result in mortality and sub-lethal stress. This finding is important since nursery grounds for juveniles of this species often lie in low salinity, estuarine waters, and high dissolved cadmium levels have been reported in Louisiana estuaries.
Methodology for earthquake-induced loss estimation: An application to woodframe buildings

A probabilistic framework to estimate long-term earthquake-induced economical loss for woodframe structures was proposed and demonstrated in this paper. The concept of a damage fragility system which can be used to quantitatively model the uncertainty in the response-damage-loss relationship was developed and applied to woodframe residential building components. Bayesian models were used in the framework in order to incorporate subjective engineering experiences and test data. A simulation procedure was used to implement the loss estimation framework and was investigated with several numerical examples. Specifically, the analyses of two typical woodframe residential structures were examined in order to illustrate the concepts and methods. Such a procedure has not yet been developed for woodframe structures within performance-based seismic design (PBSD) procedures that are under development, thus incorporating economic losses within the PBSD of wood structures is novel. The methods and concepts explained in this paper could provide a viable path towards the design, optimization, and assessment related to long-term earthquake-induced loss for existing woodframe structures and new designs.
SURF-II Upgrade Features Magnet and RF System Enhancements

The NBS electron storage ring, SURF-II, has been upgraded with a number of major enhancements. The magnet system capability has been increased from 240 to 300 MeV, although actual operation is presently RF limited to 280 MeV. The storage ring magnet has been carefully mapped, resulting in more precise determination of beam energy and better radiometric data. The RF system has been augmented by an auxiliary second harmonic system, terminating in a novel, dual purpose cavity. This structure performs the function of the bump coil during injection, while during acceleration and stored beam operation it functions as a second harmonic cavity. In the latter mode it can either be tuned passively to suppress longitudinal bunch oscillations, or it can be driven actively to modify the longitudinal bunch shape. With proper amplitude and phasing relative to the main RF cavity, bunch lengthening can be achieved, resulting in improved beam life-time without an increase in vertical size.
14 LONG TERM EXPRESSION OF HUMAN ADENOSINE DEAMINASE IN MURINE HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS

Twenty-two defective retrovirus vectors carrying human adenosine (ADA) coding sequences were tested for efficient transduction of human ADA enzyme activity. These vectors were designed to test functional aspects of construction including the use of internal transcriptional units, the importance of the Moloney sequences 563-1038 (gag+), and alterations in the 3′ LTR. Promoters from the human ADA and cFos genes, herpes virus thymidine kinase, and cytomegalovirus immediate early region gene were tested as alternatives to the viral LTR promoter. Several vectors all containing the gag+ region allow high titer virus production. These vectors were then tested in bone marrow transplant experiments. Two vectors, one utilizing the Moloney LTR promoter and one with the HSVTK promoter, gave expression of ADA in CFU-C, CFU-S and in the blood of reconstituted animals. Infection efficiency ranged from 15-85% in CFU-S by Southern analysis. Expression efficiency was also variable. All animals had human ADA in blood 2-4 weeks post-transplant but at 10-12 weeks levels of the enzyme declined. Four of 14 long term recipients however, demonstrated expression for up to 5 months. PCR analysis on nonexpressors indicated a loss of cell with the proviral DNA suggesting that the initial expression resulted from infection of more mature progenitors. Immuno-staining is being used to characterize the lineages and distribution of ADA producing cells in the transplant recipients.
Prehistoric Land Use on Outer Cape Cod

Abstract Preliminary analysis of archeological survey data indicates that prehistoric use of coastal southern New England (represented by outer Cape Cod, Massachusetts) was year-round and more diverse than has been suggested by the traditional emphasis on coastal shell middens. Prehistoric settlement seems to have been concentrated mainly at a few locations with large, intervening unsettled areas. A stratified random sampling strategy allowed estimates of the relative frequency of different kinds and magnitudes of activities in and between the intensively settled sections. Quantitative analysis of the lithic assemblages and structural characteristics of discovered sites permitted inferences about the kinds and intensity of prehistoric activities.
Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Concrete with Marginal Air Content

Freeze-thaw resistance is a key durability factor for concrete pavements. Recommendations for the air void system parameters are normally 6% ± 1% total air and spacing factor ≤ 0.20 mm (0.008 in.). However, it was observed that some concretes that did not possess these commonly accepted thresholds presented good freeze-thaw resistance in laboratory studies. A study evaluated the freeze-thaw resistance of several marginal air void mixes, with two different types of air-entraining admixtures: a Vinsol resin admixture and a synthetic admixture. The study used rapid cycles of freezing and thawing in plain water, in the absence of deicing salts. For specific materials and concrete mixture proportions used in this project, the marginal air mixes (concretes with fresh air contents of 3.5% or higher) presented an adequate freeze-thaw performance when Vinsol resin-based air-entraining admixture was used. The synthetic admixture used in the study did not show the same good performance as the Vinsol resin admixture did.
Regulation of Metnase’s TIR binding activity by its binding partner, Pso4

Metnase (also known as SETMAR) is a SET and transposase fusion protein in humans and plays a positive role in double-strand break (DSB) repair. While the SET domain possesses histone lysine methyltransferase activity, the transposase domain is responsible for 5'-terminal inverted repeat (TIR)-specific binding, DNA looping, and DNA cleavage activities. We recently demonstrated that human homolog of Pso4 (hPso4) is a Metnase binding partner that mediates Metnase binding to non-TIR DNA such as DNA damage sites. Here we show that Metnase functions as a dimer in its TIR binding. While both Metnase and hPso4 can independently interact with TIR DNA, Metnase's DNA binding activity is not required for formation of the Metnase-hPso4-DNA complex. A further stoichiometric analysis indicated that only one protein is involved in interaction with dsDNA when Metnase-hPso4 forms a stable complex. Interaction of the Metnase-hPso4 complex with TIR DNA was competitively inhibited by both TIR and non-TIR DNA, suggesting that hPso4 is solely responsible for binding to DNA in the Metnase-hPso4-DNA complex. Together, our study suggests that hPso4, once it forms a complex with Metnase, negatively regulates Metnase's TIR binding activity, which is perhaps necessary for Metnase localization at non-TIR sites such as DSBs.
Muscle protein differences in two eels Anguilla anguilla (Linnaeus) and Anguilla rostrata (Le Seuer)

The taxonomic and genetic relationship of the two nominal species of catadromous Atlantic eel poses the question whether or not each eel species has one independent and recognizable gene pool. The positive answer to this question is reinforced by comparing the isoelectric points of muscle proteins in samples of eels from two freshwater sources, one in Nova Scotia, Canada, the other in East Anglia, England. Particular proteins are exclusive to each species sample.
Dose verification with Monte Carlo technique for prostate brachytherapy implants with 125I sources

Abstract The Monte Carlo technique has been implemented to generate the dose distributions in a model prostate patient, implanted with iodine-125 (125I) brachytherapy sources. The results of these calculations are also compared with the dose distributions calculated by a commercially available treatment planning system. The comparison shows that with the source strength suggested by the Monte Carlo technique, the current clinical planning system is found to provide 100% coverage of the prostate with the prescription dose for the same implant pattern. However, the dose-volume histogram of this investigation shows that the VariSeed™ treatment planning system has a 29% and 136% larger dose coverage for the 150% and 200% isodose lines, respectively, than the Monte Carlo simulation. These differences are attributed to the oversimplification of the current planning system using the point source approximation, and also to the interseed effects from multisources that are neglected in the conventional planning systems. The results of this study provide evidence that supports the use of the Monte Carlo technique in treatment planning systems to provide accurate dose calculations in brachytherapy implants.
Inhibition of estrogen-induced sexual receptivity of female hamsters: comparative effects of progesterone, dihydrotestosterone and an estrogen antagonist.

Abstract In the first experiment ovariectomized female hamsters were administered varying dosages of progesterone (P), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or CI-628 at the same time (concurrently) as estrogen (EB) or 48 hr after EB (sequentially). All groups also received 500 μg P 4 hr before being tested for sexual receptivity. P was more effective in reducing receptivity when given sequentially with estrogen than when given concurrently. Thus, the inhibitory effect of P increased with an increased interval between EB and P treatment. More CI-628 than P was required to inhibit lordosis and unlike P, CI-628 was equally as effective when given concurrently with EB as when given sequentially. DHT did not inhibit receptivity when given in either paradigm. In the second experiment ovariectomized hamsters were treated with varying dosages of DHT 12 hr before EB. An amount of DHT which had no effect in Experiment 1 significantly inhibited receptivity when given 12 hr before EB. The relative inhibitory effects of these three compounds were discussed in terms of the possible similarities and differences in their mechanisms of action for inhibiting lordosis.
Techniques of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Morbid obesity represents a challenge to healthcare as the underlying source of numerous risks and significant expenditure. Gastric bypass surgery has been validated as a means of significant and reproducible reduction in weight. In the laparoscopic era, the minimally invasive approach has been applied to this procedure with promising results. In our technique, we divide the stomach to create a small gastric pouch drained by a retrocolic, retrogastric Roux-en-Y alimentary jejunal limb. The gastrojejunostomy is performed in 2 layers, an inner stapled layer and an outer sutured layer. We, like other groups, have found that laparoscopic gastric bypass provides similar efficacy to open gastric bypass, but offers improved patient acceptance, quality of life, and significantly less wound complications.