cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regional variation in pericardial contact pressure in the canine ventricle

We studied eight open-chest dogs to determine whether there is regional variation in pericardial contact pressure (PCP). Flat, air-filled balloons were used to measure PCP simultaneously over the lateral walls of the right and left ventricles while cardiac volume was varied by dextran infusion. End-diastolic and mean PCP were significantly higher over the left than right ventricle at high (20.3 +/- 1.0 mmHg) and middle levels (13.7 +/- 0.9 mmHg) of left atrial pressure. At high left atrial pressures, the end-diastolic PCP over the lateral left ventricle was 9.1 +/- 2.4 mmHg compared with 4.3 +/- 2.3 mmHg over the lateral right ventricle (P less than 0.05). At middle levels of left atrial pressures, end-diastolic PCP was 6.2 +/- 3.5 mmHg over the left ventricle and 1.5 +/- 2.4 mmHg over the right ventricle (P less than 0.05). These variations in PCP persisted after severing the pericardial diaphragmatic attachments and after turning the dogs such that one or the other balloon was dependent. Regional distribution of PCP was studied by positioning a single balloon sequentially at multiple ventricular sites. PCP was consistently higher over the lateral wall of the left ventricle than either the anterior or posterior walls of the right or left ventricle. After aortic occlusion, end-diastolic PCP increased more over the left than right ventricle. In contrast, with pulmonary artery occlusion, end-diastolic PCP increased more over the right than left ventricle. Pericardial pressure varies regionally, and a single pericardial pressure may be an oversimplification when used to describe pericardial restraint on the cardiac volume.
Lo: ¿Pronombre o artículo; neutro o no?

La particula lo de incierta categorizacion gramatical, ha recibido poca atencion sistematica. Desde Bello, se la ha considerado tanto pronombre como articulo, de caracter neutro, sin examinar detenidamente ni un supuesto ni el otro. El proposito de este trabajo es realizar un estudio descriptivo exhaustivo que nos permita aseverar el alcance distribucional y el valorsintactico-semantico de lo .
Communication: Determination of relativistic effects from X-ray structure factors

In this communication, a procedure is presented which allows for the determination of the scalar-relativistic contraction of individual electronic shells of transition metal atoms from X-ray structure factor data. The procedure is verified and benchmarked employing theoretical and experimental F(hkl) data, revealing an overall good agreement between the experimentally determined results and the theoretical reference values. From the experimental data, the relativistic contraction of the n = 2 shell of a cerium atom is, for example, determined as 0.097 pm, compared to a theoretical reference value of 0.116 pm. It is further demonstrated that the reproducibility of the results is excellent when comparing different experimental data sets. Finally, the dependency of the according results on the data resolution of the structure factor data is investigated.
Measuring the Effective Fracture Toughness of Heterogeneous Materials

Heterogeneous materials where the scale of the heterogeneities is small compared to the scale of applications are common in nature. These materials are also engineered synthetically with the aim of improving performance. The overall properties of heterogeneous materials can be different from those of its constituents; however, it is challenging to characterize effective fracture toughness of these materials. We present a new method of experimentally determining the effective fracture toughness. The key idea is to impose a steady process at the macroscale while allowing the fracture process to freely explore at the level of microstructure. We apply a time-dependent displacement boundary condition called the surfing boundary condition that corresponds to a steadily propagating macroscopic crack opening displacement. We then measure the full-field displacement using digital image correlation (DIC) method, and use it to obtain the macroscopic energy release rate. In particular, we develop a global approach to extract information from DIC. The effective toughness is obtained at the peak of the energy release rate. Finally, the full field images also provide us insight into the role of the microstructure in determining effective toughness.
SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION AND ITS RELATIONS TO CIRCULATION PATTERNS IN BOLINAS BAY, CALIFORNIA

Grain size and heavy mineral analyses of 6 cliff, 12 beach, and 44 marine sediment and rock samples from Bolmas Bay and its surrounding drainage area were done as part of a long term study of sediment transport on the continental shelf off Central California Sediments in the bay are predominately very fine sands Some samples, particularly adjacent to Duxbury Reef on the west, have a coarse sand to pebble component The primary mode of the marine samples is in the range 088 to 125 mm, whereas, the primary mode for beach material is from 175 to 25 mm The range of median diameters of the marine samples is from 07 to 14 mm The median diameters show a trend of decreasing grain size seaward parallel to the depth contours except opposite the entrance to Bolmas Lagoon where a tongue of relatively coarser material cuts across the depth contours The range of other statistical parameters are (1) sorting coefficient 1 10 to 1 41, (2) skewness 0 83 to 1 18, and (3) kurtosis 0 15 to 0 32 Our sediment studies indicate (1) The heavy mineral assemblage is predominantly green hornblende with secondary amounts of hypersthene and augite Glaucophane and jadeite occur in locally high concentrations near shore (2) The pattern of distribution of the heavy minerals shows (a) a tongue of high concentrations of minerals with a granitic source extending northwest from the San Francisco Bar, (b) flanked on the north and northeast by increasing landward concentrations of Franciscan metamorphic minerals (3) The major source of heavy minerals is the San Francisco Bar Secondary contributions come from Bolmas Lagoon and the adjacent cliffs (4) The circulation in the Bay is primarily counterclockwise, produced by a combination of wave refraction around Duxbury Reef and the tidal Coast Eddy Current The tidal influence, however, of Bolmas Lagoon is restricted to about one mile from the lagoon mouth.
A Dynamic Programming Approach for Aircraft Conict Detection

This paper describes an approach for mid-range conflict detection between two aircraft with intersecting straight line nominal trajectories. By modeling wind disturbances as normally distributed random noise, we compute analytic estimates of the conflict probability for any given conflict scenario. We then formulate the conflict detection problem as a finite horizon decision problem where the decision is whether to allow the aircraft to continue on their nominal trajectories or advise an evasive maneuver that modifies the speed and relative heading between the two aircraft. A dynamic program is proposed to optimize the trade-off between the conflict probability at the time the decision is made and the cost of initiating an evasive maneuver early. The solution of the dynamic program gives the optimal decisions at any discrete time instant over a region of relative configurations that are predicted to occur with high frequency.
Asymptotic Analysis of the Toeplitz and Hankel Determinants via the Riemann-Hilbert Method

The basic features of the asymptotic analysis of Toeplitz and Hankel determinants via the Riemann-Hilbert method including the fundamental connections
The use of critical reflective inquiry among American Baccalaureate Nursing Students in a global service learning experience in Haiti: A qualitative study

Background: Global service-learning (GSL) experiences are gaining increased recognition as essential nursing education components. Nursing students immersed in global communities contribute to society, through reciprocal partnerships, by improving health. GSL students should engage in reflection as a form of assessment, although there is limited empirical data onlearning outcomes, and no universal model of reflection exists. The purpose of this study was to better understand the nature ofpractice events students chose to describe during a week-long GSL experience in Haiti, their reflective analysis, and ability tocritique their experiences as a catalyst to change future practice. Methods: In this qualitative descriptive study, critical reflective inquiry (CRI) through guided journaling was utilized for ten nursing students who traveled to Haiti for clinical immersion. Data was analyzed using a template approach in relation to study aims and phases of the model. Results: CRI was a useful framework as students illuminated the progression of reflective thinking. Five categories in practice situations were delineated: a) ethical dilemmas, b) health promotion, c) professional role modeling and power of team, d)challenges in communicating and making a connection, and e) respect of the Haitian perspective. Students also articulated moralreckoning and ethical sensitivity skills not previously reported in relation to GSL experiences. Conclusions: CRI could be considered a universal model of reflection for GSL experiences among nursing students. Use of focus groups in future studies may improve recall of student experiences as they often described same practice situations. It is difficult to determine if reflection can be maintained to transform practice, but long term impacts of GSL could be studied longitudinally. In contrast to current literature, students’ description of moral reckoning and ethical sensitivity skills pose a challenge to nurseeducators about how to further develop these essential skills post GSL immersion.
Impact of Project Management Standardization on Project Effectiveness

This article explores the impact of project management (PM) standardization on project effectiveness. It emerged from the observation of three companies: Intel, Armstrong World Industries, and Oreg...
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: A Review with a Focus on Targeted Agents

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of extranodal lymphomas involving the skin. Diagnosis of the two main subtypes of CTCL—mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS)—is based on the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (ISCL/EORTC) classification system, which utilizes clinical, histopathological, molecular biologic, and immunopathologic features. Risk stratification, based on TNMB (tumor, node, metastasis, and blood) staging, provides prognostic information, with limited-stage disease conferring the longest median overall survival. Skin-directed therapies are preferred in the management of limited-stage disease, whereas advanced-stage disease requires systemic therapies. As the mechanisms of CTCL pathogenesis are increasingly understood, new monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and small molecules are under investigation and may provide additional therapeutic options for those with advanced CTCL. This review examines the current landscape of targeted therapies in the treatment of CTCLs.
Multi-component superstructures self-assembled from nanocrystal building blocks

More than three decades of intensive study to make high-quality nanocrystals have created a unique toolbox for building multi-component superstructures, which have been recognized as a new generation of metamaterials important to both fundamental sciences and applied technologies. This minireview summarizes recent advances in this exciting field. We will focus our discussion on the synthetic strategies and superstructures of this multi-component metamaterial, and highlight their novel properties and potential applications. Additionally, some perspectives on possible developments in this field are offered at the end of this review. We hope that this minireview will both inform and stimulate research interests for the design and fabrication of these nanocrystal-based multi-component metamaterials for diverse applications in the future.
Substance P and Hypoxic Excitation of the Carotid Body

The carotid and aortic bodies transducer changes in arterial PO2 and PCO2 into action potential coded nerve signals. There are two types of cells in the carotid body; glomus or type I cells and sustanticular or type II cells. Afferent nerve endings are in direct synaptic contact with type I cells, while the type II cells resemble Schwann cells and envelop glomus cells andadjacent nerve endings (4). Glomus cells seem essential for chemoreception because in their absence afferent nerve endings alone are unable to respond to physiological stimuli (13).
Writing Characteristics of Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) frequently experience significant difficulty mastering basic academic skills. This meta-analysis focuses on one specific potential area of learning difficulties for these students: namely, writing. To identify the extent and depth of the potential writing challenges faced by students with ADHD, we conducted a meta-analysis comparing the writing performance of grade 1 to 12 students with ADHD to their normally achieving peers. We located 44 papers, yielding 45 studies with 87 effect sizes. The average weighted effect sizes showed that students with ADHD obtained lower scores than their normally achieving peers for writing quality (–0.78), output (–0.64), number of genre elements (–0.69), vocabulary (–0.76), spelling (–0.80), and handwriting (–0.62). Contrary to expectations, moderator analyses found that neither study quality nor the source from which ADHD students were drawn (i.e., school/community vs. clinic/hospital) accounted for variability above sampling error alone.
Corrigendum: Extending decision making competence to special populations: a pilot study of persons on the autism spectrum

In the original article we discovered that the code for scoring self-endorsement of social norms was inadvertently reversed for the ASD and Control groups. This led to errors in Table 2 and three incorrect statements in the text. In Table 2, the control value for “Self-endorsement of Social norms (0–1)” and the control and t-values for “Difference between self-endorsement and perceived others' endorsement of Social norms (0–1)” were incorrect. A corrected Table 2 is below: In the “Results” section, sub-section “Between-group Comparisons,” the last paragraph should now read: Table ​Table22 focuses on behavioral and social measures: components of Recognizing Social Norms where for each of a series of socially-undesirable acts, participants rate their personal likelihood of saying it is okay to perform each act and estimate the percentage of their peers who would say it is okay. Overall, participants with ASD, compared to controls, gave comparable personal endorsements of behaviors that violate social norms. They also tended to give lower ratings of others' endorsements of these behaviors but this effect failed to reach statistical significance. At the individual item level, participants in the ASD group gave significantly lower ratings than controls for keeping things that don't belong to you, not holding the door open for someone, not being punctual, and not returning calls. Given that participants in the ASD group were as consistent in self-other judgments as controls, their perceptions of others' undesirable behaviors warrants further study. Table 2 T-test results comparing ASD participants with “controls” on Social Measures. In the “Discussion” section, sub-section “Summary of Key Results” RQ1 should now read: Consistent with theory of mind notions that persons on the autism spectrum have difficulties perceiving social cues, individuals in the ASD group tended to be less likely to perceive others as endorsing undesirable social behaviors. The latter was especially true of those with the poorest social functioning. Interestingly, individuals in the ASD group showed a significantly greater degree of coherence between personal endorsements and perceptions of others.
Switching with Optics

Publisher Summary This chapter discussed three important types of optical switching devices: ultrafast all-optical switches based on nonlinear optical effects, fast electro-optic modulators, and massive parallel switching devices using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). While the speed of these switches is still slow, they can form large arrays in a compact unit and be used in networks with massive parallel connections. There are several ways to control an optical switch, and the performance of the switch largely depends on the control mechanism. Ultrafast optical switches are nonlinear Fabry-Perot etalons, nonlinear directional couplers, and nonlinear optical loop mirrors. Fast electro-optic modulators are essential devices to convert electrical data into optical ones in optical communication systems. These devices are made by using an electrical pulse to induce a dielectric change in the medium through which the (carrier) optical signal is to pass. MEMS optical switches are optomechanical-switching devices using micromechanical and optical elements. These elements are fabricated using micromachining techniques, and the switches are usually actuated electrostatically.
A characterization of the coevolutionary shift model of treatable hereditary illness based on cystic fibrosis.

The purpose of this paper is to create and define a model for the effects of treatable, hereditary illnesses on human culture and biology based on the trends displayed by Cystic Fibrosis. This disease has passed through different stages during human history that can be characterized by a given status of the gene frequency and an associated attitude towards fertility held by families and individuals affected by the disease. With each stage there are characteristic attitudes resulting from different factors and these attitudes in turn lead to changes in gene frequencies. It is beyond the scope of this paper to quantify the movement of gene frequencies characterized by the Coevolutionary Shift Model. It is sufficient at this point to characterize these movements by intuitive, theoretical background and to correlate these movements with well-documented support for the corresponding attitudes towards fertility. Sickle Cell Anemia, Phenylketonuria, and Tay Sachs are also fitted to this model to determine if it applies widely to other diseases. Although they are not described to the extent that Cystic Fibrosis is, they help to further define and modify the model.
Cash holdings and the bargaining power of R&D-intensive targets

Prior literature suggests that R&D-intensive firms hold large amounts of cash due to financing constraints. This paper examines whether such firms could also use cash holdings as a strategic bargaining tool in M&A transactions. Using a large sample of takeover bids announced between 1980 and 2012, we demonstrate that cash holdings positively impact R&D-intensive targets’ takeover premiums and announcement-period abnormal returns. These effects disappear in non-R&D-intensive firms. Controlling for various endogeneity and financing concerns, we also find that R&D-intensive firms build up cash holdings in anticipation of becoming a takeover target. Further analysis indicates that in R&D-intensive firms, such cash holdings are valued highly by the market. Taken together, our findings shed new light on the strategic bargaining role of corporate cash holdings in the outcomes of acquisitions targeting R&D-intensive firms.
Abstract P219: Differences in Phosphoproteins in Rodent versus Human Hearts: Implications for Translational Studies of Hypertensive Heart Disease

Background: Rodent models are commonly used to study hypertensive heart disease. Several recent studies have probed the level of correlation between specific signaling pathways and proteins in human and rodents. Current evidence is overwhelming that protein phosphorylations play a key role in cardiac remodeling. Methods: Left ventricular tissue samples were obtained from human systolic failing (n=5) and control (n=5) hearts and 3 rat models of hypertensive heart failure (aortic banding, Dahl salt-sensitive, and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)) and corresponding controls. Total proteins were extracted and and phosphoenrichment performed. Phosphoproteins were separated by 2D-DIGE with Cydye staining. Gel images were registered and rectified for composite analysis and statistical comparisons using pixel intensity. Phosphoproteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometry. Results: The patterns of overall protein abundance from normal and failing hearts were not statistically different. However, when the composite of human hearts were compared with composite patterns of phosphoproteins in normal and failing rodent hearts, there were profound differences in the phosphoprotein patterns in 26% of pixels in registered images (P Conclusions: Together, the present results indicate significant differences in cardiac phosphoproteins in human versus rodent heart and the importance of confirming findings from rodent studies in humans for translational studies of kinases, phosphatases, and phosphoproteins. This may specifically relate to studies of phosphorylation of myosin light chain and troponin.
Presence and Function of Metals in the Mitochondrial Electron Transfer System: Facts and Speculations

When I saw the first tentative program for this meeting provided by our organizers, and when I noticed that my lecture was proposed to be on “The Role of Metals in the Electron Transport System,” my first reaction was to say: “No!” True, we know a fair amount about metals associated with the system, but it is their role about which our knowledge is most deficient, or close to nonexistent in some instances.
Epilepsy Mechanisms in Neurocutaneous Disorders: Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Neurofibromatosis Type 1, and Sturge–Weber Syndrome

Neurocutaneous disorders are multisystem diseases affecting skin, brain, and other organs. Epilepsy is very common in the neurocutaneous disorders, affecting up to 90% of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and Sturge-Weber syndrome, for example. The mechanisms underlying the increased predisposition to brain hyperexcitability differ between disorders, yet some molecular pathways overlap. For instance, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade plays a central role in seizures and epileptogenesis in numerous acquired and genetic disorders, including several neurocutaneous disorders. Potential routes for target-specific treatments are emerging as the genetic and molecular pathways involved in neurocutaneous disorders become increasingly understood. This review explores the clinical features and mechanisms of epilepsy in three common neurocutaneous disorders – tuberous sclerosis complex, neurofibromatosis type 1, and Sturge-Weber syndrome.
Exploring Non-Conservation of Orbital Angular Momentum in Parametric Down-Conversion

We propose an efficient method to measure the total angular momentum of down-converted beams in cases when the angular momentum is not conserved due to azimuthal asymmetry in spontaneous parametric down-conversion.
Comparison of Online 6 Degree-of-Freedom Image Registration of Varian TrueBeam Cone-Beam CT and BrainLab ExacTrac X-Ray for Intracranial Radiosurgery.

Purpose:The study was aimed to compare online 6 degree-of-freedom image registrations of TrueBeam cone-beam computed tomography and BrainLab ExacTrac X-ray imaging systems for intracranial radiosurgery.Methods:Phantom and patient studies were performed on a Varian TrueBeam STx linear accelerator (version 2.5), which is integrated with a BrainLab ExacTrac imaging system (version 6.1.1). The phantom study was based on a Rando head phantom and was designed to evaluate isocenter location dependence of the image registrations. Ten isocenters at various locations representing clinical treatment sites were selected in the phantom. Cone-beam computed tomography and ExacTrac X-ray images were taken when the phantom was located at each isocenter. The patient study included 34 patients. Cone-beam computed tomography and ExacTrac X-ray images were taken at each patient’s treatment position. The 6 degree-of-freedom image registrations were performed on cone-beam computed tomography and ExacTrac, and residual errors ca...
Transforming Perspectives: The Angel's Key in William Blake's THE CHIMNEY SWEEPER

Although many scholars and critics have successfully annotated both the Songs of Innocence (SoI) and the Songs of Experience (SoE) versions of William Blake's “The Chimney Sweeper” and have noted t...
Stress in Hausa: an experimental study

Hausa has been described as having stress on High toned syllables which shifts to Low toned syllables under certain conditions, notably when the first word of a Noun + Noun or Verb + Noun construction is LH and the second word is stressed on the first syllable. This paper examines those constructions to determine what phonetic feature causes the observed change in pronunciation and whether or not that feature can be called stress. The results of the experiment lead to the conclusions that while there are contextually conditioned pronunciation changes which occur in certain grammatical constructions in Hausa, these changes cannot appropriately be described in terms of stress but rather must be considered tonal changes.
AN ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE ADAPTATION BY LIVESTOCK FARMERS IN THE ASIAN TROPICS

This paper explores how southeast Asia farmers adapt to climate change. We develop three models: a logit model of livestock choice, an OLS model of total livestock value, and a multinomial logit model of species choice. The data were collected from five countries in Southeast Asia. We find that climate has a significant impact on farmers’ livestock choice. We use three climate projections to predict future impacts. Climate change would increase the probability of raising livestock. However, the total value of livestock owned per livestock farm will shrink 9%–10%. Climate change will cause farmers to choose smaller animals such as ducks, goats, and chicken rather than larger animals.
Slave Religiosity in the Roman Middle Republic

This article proposes a new interpretation of slave religious experience in mid-republican Rome. Select passages from Plautine comedy and Cato the Elder9s De agri cultura are paired with material culture as well as comparative evidence—mostly from studies of Black Atlantic slave religions—to reconstruct select aspects of a specific and distinctive slave “religiosity” in the era of large-scale enslavements. I work towards this reconstruction first by considering the subordination of slaves as religious agents (Part I) before turning to slaves’ practice of certain forms of religious expertise in the teeth of subordination and policing (II and III). After transitioning to an assessment of slave religiosity9s role in the pursuit of freedom (IV), I conclude with a set of methodological justifications for this paper9s line of inquiry (V).
Scenes Through the Rearview Mirror: 1970s New York and the Cultural and Spatial Influence of Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver

This article shows how specific groups are politicizing Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver to counter gentrification and urban renewal in New York City. Using current cultural references, I argue that t...
Tilting pad gas bearing induced thermal bow- rotor instability (Morton effect)

Abstract The Morton effect ME is a thermally induced, rotordynamic instability, which is frequently reported in overhung machines supported with oil-lubricated bearings. Synchronous journal whirling results in an uneven viscous shearing of the lubricant film and temperature variation around the journal circumference. This bends the shaft and under certain conditions causes increasing synchronous vibration. Previous research focused solely on oil-lubricated bearings. A transient, high-fidelity ME methodology is presented to expand the scope to tilting pad gas bearing (TPGB) systems. Three dimensional finite element models are established to predict the rotor and bearing temperature and dynamic responses in the time domain. Simulations indicate that the ME can occur in the TPGB systems and may be sensitive to imbalance and overhung mass.
Communication and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Communication deficits are one of the core challenges for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and these challenges can lead to issues with disruptive behavior, relationship development, vocational success, and long-term outcomes.
The Debye Integrals, the Thermal Shift and the Mossbauer Fraction

If a Debye spectrum is assumed for the frequencies of lattice vibrations, the theoretical expressions for the Mossbauer fraction and for the thermal shift contain Debye integrals. It is shown how these integrals can be evaluated easily by means of infinite series. Only a few terms of these series provide adequate accuracy. A short numerical table is presented.
Effect of liquid diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate (Lomotil) instillations on dynamics and function of continent cecal urinary reservoirs.

AbstractWe assessed the impact of twice daily instillations of 10ml. liquid diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate (Lomotil)††Lomotil, Searle & Co., San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936. on the dynamics and function of continent urinary reservoirs constructed from intact cecum and ascending colon. Six patients were treated for 1 to 3 weeks at 3 to 8 months postoperatively. The treatments reduced the frequency of spontaneous reservoir contractions, as well as the basal and contraction pressures of the reservoirs. The reservoir capacities were increased modestly. These alterations in reservoir dynamics were accompanied by a decrease in the cramping characteristically associated with reservoir distension and increased intervals between reservoir catheterization. Two patients who had incontinence after initially successful operations regained continence during treatment. No systemic side effects were observed, although dilution of the drug may be required to prevent reservoir irritability. Diphenoxylate hydr...
Insights into Stratified Splitting Techniques for Monte Carlo Neutron Transport

Several different stratified splitting techniques for sampling the distance to collision are compared with the standard (unstratified) weight window splitting used in MCNP. The results indicate that typical neutron penetration problems could be modestly more efficient using one of the stratified splitting techniques. For many penetration problems, one of the simplest techniques compares favorably with several more complicated techniques.As a cautionary note, a very highly scattering neutron penetration problem shows that some stratification techniques do not always reduce the variance of the score distribution.
Groups and Networks: Their Role in the Evolution of Cooperation

We study networks rather than groups, consider network ties as probabilistic rather than deterministic, and treat networks as dynamic rather than static. A dynamic model of network formation introduced in Skyrms and Pemantle (2000) is used to analyze paths to cooperation in Stag Hunt games and some versions of Prisoner’s Dilemma. Relative rates of evolution of structure and strategy are found to be crucial.
NOX4 upregulation increases superoxide and mitochondrial dysfunction in brain endothelial cells

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key contributors to cardiovascular pathophysiology. The primary generators of cell ROS are mitochondria and NADPH oxidases (NOX); however possible interactions bet...
Abnormalities of Ventricular Repolarization

The specificity—sensitivity spectrum of the ventricular complex can be compared to a pennant on a pole (Fig. 2-9, p. 44); even the smallest breeze can move the tip, a stronger wind will straighten it out all the way, and a real hurricane will bend the pole. When the wind subsides, the pennant will return to its undisturbed position, alongside the pole if the pole is still vertical, but apart from it if the pole has been bent. QRS-ST-T abnormalities are similar in many respects. Change may be induced in T by almost any stimulus, even a drink of cold water, a more severe or sustained one is needed to affect the ST segment, and QRS abnormality, especially of duration or contour, almost always means structural abnormality in the ventricular wall. T and ST may return to normal when the stimulus is removed, but QRS abnormality is likely to persist. Change in the route of depolarization influences that of repolarization; abnormality in ST-T may be secondary to that in QRS.
Extremum Seeking-Based Model Predictive MPPT for Grid-Tied Z-Source Inverter for Photovoltaic Systems

This paper proposes a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for a grid-tied Z-source inverter (ZSI) that interfaces photovoltaic (PV) sources to the grid. The proposed MPPT method maximizes the energy harvest by guaranteed convergence to maximum power point (MPP) under dynamic weather condition from the PV panels by the ZSI as a power electronics interface. The proposed method uses the concept of model predictive control (MPC) in conjunction with extremum seeking optimization to track the true MPP and can operate without a priori knowledge of the PV panel parameters or ambient condition. At the grid side, the system injects to the grid maximum harvested energy from the PV panel obtained using the proposed MPPT algorithm. In addition, the ratio of active/reactive power injected to grid is controlled (power factor control). The optimal switching signal is determined and applied to the ZSI by minimizing the developed MPC cost function, thus eliminating the need for a modulator that simplifies the controller schematic for ZSI and can be implemented with reasonable processing effort on an inexpensive digital controller. The proposed method in this paper features: fast dynamic response to change in ambient PV panel condition, true and guaranteed convergence to MPP, negligible oscillation around MPP, and simple control structure without requirement of many cascaded control loops.
Standardizing Measurement of Social and Behavioral Dimensions of Cancer Prevention and Control to Enhance Outreach and Engagement in NCI-Designated Cancer Centers

In recent years, the NCI has focused on the impact that NCI-Designated Cancer Centers have in reducing the cancer burden in their defined catchment areas ([1][1]). NCI requires that Designated Cancer Centers define and describe their catchment areas, highlight community outreach and engagement
Catalytic, transannular carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions

Transannular carbonyl–olefin metathesis reactions complement existing procedures for related ring-closing, ring-opening, and intermolecular carbonyl-olefin metathesis. We herein report the development and mechanistic investigation of FeCl3-catalyzed transannular carbonyl-olefin metathesis reactions that proceed via a distinct reaction path compared to previously reported ring-closing and ring-opening protocols. Specifically, carbonyl-ene and carbonyl-olefin metathesis reaction pathways are competing under FeCl3-catalysis to ultimately favor metathesis as the thermodynamic product. Importantly, we show that distinct Lewis acid catalysts are able to distinguish between these pathways to enable the selective formation of either transannular carbonyl-ene or carbonyl-olefin metathesis products. These insights are expected to enable further advances in catalyst design to efficiently differentiate between these two competing reaction paths of carbonyl and olefin functionalities to further expand the synthetic generality of carbonyl-olefin metathesis.
The Urologic Impact of Guillain–Barré Syndrome

Guillain–Barre Syndrome is an acute flaccid paralysis that is rapidly progressing. Neurologic decline continues for 12 hours to 4 weeks after symptom onset. Approximately 25% of patients develop acute urinary symptoms such as difficulty voiding or frank urinary retention. Longer term urinary symptoms include persistent overactive bladder and nocturia. Key urologic interventions include indwelling catheter during acute phase, particularly when patient is experiencing respiratory failure; intermittent catheterization for retention if patient has preserved hand function; voiding trial after neurologic recovery; and anticholinergics for persistent overactive bladder after recovery.
Opioid Prescribing Patterns Before Fatal Opioid Overdose.

Introduction Although opioid prescribing has decreased since 2010, overdose deaths involving illicit opioids have continued to rise. This study explores prescribing patterns before fatal overdose of decedents who died of prescription and illicit opioid overdoses. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2019 and included all 1,893 Illinois residents who died of an opioid-related overdose in 2016. Each decedent was linked to any existing Prescription Monitoring Program records, calculating weekly morphine milligram equivalents for 52 weeks before overdose. Results Among the 1,893 fatal opioid overdoses, 309 involved any prescription opioid and 1,461 involved illicit opioids without the involvement of prescription opioids. The death rate because of illicit opioids was 23/100,000 among black residents versus 10.5/100,000 among whites. During the last year of life, 76% of prescription opioid decedents filled any opioid prescription totaling 10.7 prescriptions per decedent, compared with 36% of illicit opioid decedents totaling 2.6 prescriptions per decedent. During the last week of life, 33% of prescription opioid decedents filled an opioid prescription totaling 0.42 prescriptions per decedent, compared with 4% of illicit opioid decedents totaling 0.05 prescriptions per decedent. Conclusions Prescribing patterns alone may not be sufficient to identify patients who are at high risk for opioid overdose, especially for those using illicit opioids. Interventions aimed at reducing opioid overdoses should take into account different patterns of opioid prescribing associated with illicit and prescription opioid overdose deaths and be designed around the local characteristics of the opioid overdose epidemic.
Health Shocks in a General Equilibrium Model

This paper presents a dynamic general equilibrium model with a health shock in a multi-sector model The health shock leads to a reduction in (i) labor supply i
Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes of the Shoulder in Long-Term Follow-Up of Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine radiographic and functional outcomes of the shoulder in brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) patients at long-term follow-up. Methods Medical records were reviewed at the Shriners Hospital in St. Louis to identify patients older than 18 years with a diagnosis of BPBI. Twenty-five patients were included in this study. Evaluations included radiographic examination, clinical examination, and outcome measures including the Mallet classification, visual analog scale (VAS) for shoulder pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Shoulder score (ASES), quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) domain measures. Results The mean age of the patients included was 44 years. Average follow-up was 37 years. No patient had primary nerve reconstruction surgery. Thirteen patients had a history of shoulder surgery at an average age of 6 years. There was a wide spectrum of deformity seen radiographically. Fifty-five percent of patients had evidence of glenoid retroversion, posterior humeral translation, or a biconcave glenoid. An additional 20% of patients had complete posterior dislocation of the humeral head. Despite the degenerative changes seen on radiographs, the mean VAS for pain was low, at 2. The mean ASES shoulder score was 54. The mean QuickDASH score was 30. Mean PROMIS Physical Function, Pain Interference, Depression, and Anxiety scores were near the means for the general population, with similar outcomes in patients treated with shoulder surgery compared with those treated without surgery. Conclusions Adult BPBI patients experience minimal shoulder pain despite deformity and degenerative changes on shoulder radiographs. Whereas there are significant deficits in range of motion and function, PROMIS scores in adult BPBI patients are normal. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic IV.
Annular Indentation of the Ventricles in a Stillborn: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Idiopathic indentation of the cardiac ventricles in a fetus has not been previously reported. Reported cases of congenital ventricle indentation are either caused by pericardial abnormalities or my...
Advanced pore characterization and adsorption of light gases over aerogel-derived activated carbon

Abstract Activated carbon produced by etching with CO2 is an attractive adsorbent material because of its ultrahigh surface area above 1000 m2/g and substantial pore volume. This being stated, because etched carbon was only reported recently, many of its properties, such as its textural properties, high-pressure adsorption capacities towards CO2, N2, H2, CO, and CH4, and dynamic performance, have never been thoroughly investigated. Accordingly, this study explored these characteristics for the first time. The textural and adsorptive properties were also assessed for zeolite 5A, a metal-organic framework (Ni MOF-74), and activated carbon provided by Ingevity corporation to allow for comparison to established benchmarks. The textural properties were assessed by a combination of N2 physisorption at 77 K and CO2 adsorption at 273 K using a combination of t-plot, Dubinin–Radushkevich, 2D-NLDFT, and Horvath–Kawazoe models. Therein, it was determined that the etched carbon had a hierarchical porosity, with pores appearing in both the ultramicro- and meso-porous ranges. From the adsorption isotherms at 298 K and 0–20 bar, the etched carbon exhibited adsorption capacities of 20, 9, 5, 4.5, and 1 mmol g−1 for CO2, CH4, CO, N2, and H2 respectively, indicating that the samples high (i.e., 95%) pore volume made it selective towards multiple species at high pressure. Having said this, when the material was examined for dynamic CO2 adsorption from N2, H2, and CH4 mixtures at 25 °C and 1 bar, it achieved CO2/CH4, CO2/H2, and CO2/N2 selectivities of 2.4, 15.4, and 6.6 mol/mol, respectively, meaning that it can be used for kinetic separations. The high dynamic selectivity was retained for CO2/H2 at 20 bar, however, the CO2/CH4 breakthrough fronts were much broader compared to the low-pressure experiments, meaning that the two species' diffusivities were competitive. As such, EC-RF was concluded to be effective for low-pressure CO2 separations as well as for high pressure CO2/H2 separations. More importantly, this study provides an in-depth characterization and better understanding of EC-RF's properties, which is imperative to its use as an adsorbent material.
Pb-Contaminated Soil from Quintero-Ventanas, Chile: Remediation Using Sarcocornia neei .

A phytoremediation process for lead (Pb) under laboratory conditions on contaminated soil from the Puchuncavi commune, Valparaiso Province, Chile, was carried out. It analyzed the phytoremediation potential of Sarcocornia neei (Lag.) M.A. Alonso and M.B. Crespo. The plants were propagated beforehand and extracted from the El Yali wetland, a RAMSAR 878 site in Valparaiso. Soil fertility and heavy metal concentration analyses of composite samples were conducted, complying with established protocols and standard methodology for chemical and metal analyses. These analyses were conducted in the Soil Analysis Laboratory of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso. The aim was to analyse not only the tissue of plants from both areas but also the soil to identify the changes in different conditions in which the plants live. To determine the type of inferential analysis to be performed, a normality test was applied; however, it was deemed unsuitable, and therefore, the contrasts were developed using nonparametric tests, particularly Wilcoxon. R project software was used in the tests, especially the RCommander package, together with the Jamovi free-license statistical spreadsheet application. The analyses results of the soil samples indicated high concentrations of heavy metals, predominantly Pb at a concentration of 77.97 mg/kg, acidic soil indicated by pH between 5.77 and 6.38, low levels of electrical conductivity, and the presence of organic matter. A phytoremediation efficiency of 99% on soil samples was achieved. Preliminary results were compared against international regulations on the concentration of metals in soil. The histological sections showed that individual plants probably adapted to their environmental conditions.
Current Management of Appendiceal Neoplasms

Appendiceal neoplasms include a heterogeneous group of epithelial and nonepithelial tumors that exhibit varying malignant potential. This review article summarizes current diagnostic criteria, classification systems, and optimal therapeutic strategies for the five main histopathologic subtypes of appendiceal neoplasms. In particular, the management of epithelial appendiceal neoplasms has evolved. Although their treatment has historically been extrapolated from colon cancer, improved understanding of their unique histopathologic and molecular characteristics and a growing body of published clinical data support a more nuanced approach to their management.
A Silver Lining? Fewer non-SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Viruses during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have "flattened the curve" of the COVID-19 pandemic, however the effect of these interventions on other respiratory viruses is unknown. We used aggregate level case count data for eight respiratory viruses and compared the institutional and statewide case counts before and during the period that NPIs were active. We observed a 61% (IRR 0.39, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.41, P < 0.0001) decrease in non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral infections when NPIs were implemented. This finding, if further verified, should guide future public health initiatives to mitigate viral epidemics.
Weight Stigma and Mental Health in Youth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE Over the past two decades, there has been a steady increase in research focused on the association between weight-based stigma and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents. The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations between weight stigma and mental health in youth. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, PsychInfo, and Embase databases was conducted in January 2020. Inclusion criteria included the following: (a) examined an association between weight stigma and a mental health outcome, (b) mean sample age <18 (+1 standard deviation) years, (c) written in English, and (d) peer reviewed. Forty eligible articles were identified. The moderating effects of age, sex (percent female), weight status (percent with overweight/obesity), and study quality were examined. RESULTS Overall, meta-analytic findings using a random-effects model indicated a statistically significant moderate association between weight stigma and poorer mental health outcomes (r = .32, 95% confidence interval [0.292, 0.347], p < .001). Age and study quality each moderated the association between weight stigma and mental health. Generally, the study quality was fair to poor, with many studies lacking validated measurement of weight stigma. CONCLUSIONS Although there was a significant association between weight stigma and mental health in youth, study quality hinders the current body of literature. Furthermore, findings highlight the lack of consideration of internalized weight stigma in child populations, the importance of using validated measures of weight stigma, and the need for increased awareness of how these associations affect populations of diverse backgrounds.