cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
REAM: RAKE receiver enhanced authentication method

The broadcast nature of the wireless medium poses a serious challenge to the security of wireless communications and networks. Traditional computational security strategies always fail to prevent the eavesdropper from overhearing the communications. Recently, the unique characteristics of wireless channel fingerprints, e.g. randomness and reciprocity, have been successfully used to enhance the security of the wireless network. We expand our previous work on exploring particular physical parameters of fingerprints, and focus on a new scheme in which we use the RAKE receiver to differentiate users under low transmission power. RAKE receiver may capture and estimate fingerprints through poor autocorrelation of the spreading coding. As the fingerprint is incomputable and unpredictable, and may only be detected by the pair of transmitter and receiver, it may be fully utilized to design an efficient authentication method. Simulation results strongly verify the efficiency of our proposed method, especially in the case of low SNR.
CA-MRSA brain abscess in a healthy infant

We report the first case of a previously healthy term 5 week old infant with no known risk factors who developed a frontal lobe abscess from community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). To date, only 16 cases of invasive CA-MRSA with central nervous system involvement have been previously described, but the incidence of CA-MRSA has surged within the last decade, creating a growing impact on public health. Increasing numbers of invasive infections caused by CA-MRSA in previously healthy individuals is of particular concern, and the highest rates of these infections are in children. As CA-MRSA continues to spread and develop further antibiotic resistance, cases of invasive diseases as described in this report may become more common.
An acoustically-linked deep-ocean observatory

A buoy-based observatory that uses acoustic communication to retrieve data from water column and seafloor instruments has been developed and deployed in 2362 m of water offshore Vancouver Island. The system uses high-rate (5000 bps) acoustic modems that are power-efficient (on order 1000 bits per joule) to telemeter data from an ocean bottom seismometer and a sensor monitoring a cold seep site near the Nootka fault. The buoy includes a Linux-based embedded controller, the modem base station and meteorological sensors. Data is off-loaded from the buoy using ftp, and remote login capability allows the acoustic communication schedule to be modified when instruments are added or removed from the network. The system has been operational for one year, typically transferring more than 500 Kbytes of data per day from two seafloor instruments.
Multiple equilibria and stable oscillations in thermosolutal convection at small aspect ratio

For thermosolutal convection in an enclosure of arbitrary vertical aspect ratio, mixed boundary conditions – with salt flux and temperature prescribed on a horizontal boundary – can lead to symmetry breaking via pitchfork bifurcation. In the present paper we consider an enclosure of very small height-to-length aspect ratio δ, as encountered in the world's oceans. In this case, if the ratios of the vertical to horizontal components of viscosity, [Pscr ], and of diffusivity, [Lscr ], are of order unity, advective transport cannot set in even at very high Rayleigh numbers. The ratios [Pscr ] and [Lscr ] must be substantially less than unity in order for convection to dominate the heat and solute transport.We have investigated numerically the effects of monotonic and non-monotonic temperature and salinity boundary conditions in a two-dimensional domain at constant δ = 0.01 and constant [Pscr ] = [Lscr ] = 0.01. This ratio of eddy-mixing coefficients reflects the different scales of motion – vertical and horizontal – in the ocean, rather than a physically realizable laboratory fluid. It is found that when the salt-flux strength, γ, is sufficiently large, the system undergoes a second bifurcation for both types of boundary conditions. It is a Hopf bifurcation, leading from the asymmetric steady states produced by the first one to oscillatory solutions. These periodic solutions are stable and very robust. An approximate Hopf bifurcation diagram has been produced. We conclude that non-monotonic salt-flux conditions are neither necessary nor sufficient to induce the oscillations, while the strength of the salt flux is crucial.
Evaluation of patients with abnormalities on intraoperative cholangiogram: time to abandon endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as the initial follow-up study

Background Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is currently the method of choice for the postoperative evaluation of suspected bile duct stones seen on intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC); however, the sensitivity of IOC for identifying biliary pathology is unclear, with studies reporting false positive rates between 30% and 60%. Objective Evaluate the sensitivity of IOC for biliary pathology, using ERCP with sphincterotomy and balloon sweep as gold standard. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary medical centre. Patients 130 consecutive patients (age 51.3±1.7 years, 69.2% women) who underwent ERCP for the evaluation of abnormalities identified on IOC between 2005 and 2013. Interventions Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Main outcome measurements Sensitivity of IOC, identify predictors of positive postoperative ERCP and ERCP-related complications. Results ERCP was successful in all 130 subjects. ERCP-related adverse events occurred in six (4.3%) patients, including self-limited post-sphincterotomy bleeding in three (2.3%) and mild post-ERCP pancreatitis in three (2.3%). Overall, 41 (31.5%) patients had normal cholangiogram at time of ERCP. Finding of a filling defect on IOC was the only predictor for the presence of common bile duct stones on postoperative ERCP (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 10.8, p=0.05). Limitations Retrospective study design. Conclusions Nearly one-third of patients with abnormal IOC had a normal postoperative ERCP. Significant pathology could have been missed in 1/130 patients. Based on these findings, we believe the use of less-invasive diagnostic modalities may be used in place of ERCP in patients with suspected choledocholithiasis on IOC.
The effect of supracrestal tricalcium phosphate ceramic-microfibrillar collagen grafting on postsurgical soft tissue levels.

In this clinical study, a combined tricalcium phosphate ceramic (TCP) microfibrillar collagen supracrestal graft was used in conjunction with pocket elimination surgery as a soft tissue space filler to maintain marginal and interproximal tissue heights. Fifteen volunteer adult patients (8 male, 7 female) aged 37 to 48 years were selected. Standardized clinical probing measurements were used to evaluate soft tissue recession, clinical attachment, and probing pocket depths. Intraoral photographs and radiographs supplemented documentation. Twenty-five paired test and control sites were evaluated. Following flap surgery and minor osteoplasty, test defects received supracrestal grafts of TCP microfibrillar collagen prior to flap closure. Intrabony defects were excluded. Treatment modalities were compared by analyzing changes in clinical probing measurements over four months using the students t test for paired samples at the 0.01 level of significance. Supracrestal grafting resulted in 16.74% less soft tissue ...
Comparison of the Automated Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube System (BACTEC 960/MGIT) with Löwenstein-Jensen medium for recovery of mycobacteria from clinical specimens.

We examined whether the BACTEC/Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) system alone could supplant the use of a supplemental Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) slant for routine recovery of Mycobacterium species from clinical specimens. A total of 6,062 specimens were included in the study. Of these, 273 specimens were positive for 278 mycobacterial isolates while 15 specimens were smear positive but culture negative using both media. Further analysis showed that 143 (51.4%) of the 278 total isolates were recovered from both the MGIT and LJ media. An additional 106 isolates (38.1%) were recovered from the MGIT only, while 29 (10.4%) isolates grew only on the LJ slant. The overall sensitivities of the MGIT and LJ media were 86.5% and 59.7%, respectively, for the recovery of mycobacteria from clinical materials. This study shows that although the MGIT system demonstrates better sensitivity for the recovery of mycobacteria from clinical specimens, both media types are necessary to maximize the sensitivity of detection.
Learning to pick up objects through active exploration

Robots need to perceive and manipulate objects in their environment, yet robust object manipulation remains a challenging problem. Many aspects of a perception and manipulation system need to be customized for a particular object and environment, such as where to grasp an object, what algorithm to use for segmentation, and at which height to visually servo above an object on the table. To address these limitations, we propose an approach for enabling a robot to learn about objects through active exploration and adapt its grasping model accordingly. We frame the problem of model adaptation as a bandit problem, specifically the identification of the best of the arms of an N-armed bandit, [5] where the robot aims to minimize simple regret after a finite exploration period [1]. Our robot can obtain a high-quality reward signal (although sometimes at a higher cost in time and sensing) by actively collecting additional information from the environment, and use this reward signal to adaptively identify grasp points that are likely to succeed. This paper provides an overview of our previous work [3] using this approach to actively infer grasp points and adds a description of our efforts learning the height at which to servo to an object.
Creating DSpace Expertise and Collections in University of California Law Libraries

This document sets out proposals for a collaboration between Christopher Felker (a library graduate student) and member of the academic staff at the University of California Berkeley School of Law, the Acting Director of the UC Davis Mabie Law Library, and members of the University of California Systemwide Library Planning Committee. The collaboration was proposed to commence on 01 01 2009 and continue until 12 31 2014. Writing this grant and seeking alternative funding resources that can potentially benefit the UC Davis Law Library was designed to be minimally intrusive based on a relationship that will be consistent, honest, and creative. This document provides an overview of the information and tasks that have been identified as essential to the successful completion of this course. I am committed to effectively communicating the good work of your organization, an intention to expand or develop a service that is related to the mission of the Foundation, and to follow through on the ideal by building a sustainable DSpace capacity for the UC Library System.
RISK ASSESSMENT FOR CASE-CONTROL SUBGROUPS BY POLYCHOTOMOUS LOGISTIC REGRESSION

Case-control studies involving more than two disease and referent categories may be analyzed by means of polychotomous logistic regression, an extension of the usual dichotomous logistic regression model. Although the standard method still may be used to compare the several disease subgroups in pairs, the polychotomous approach is advantageous in that it allows simultaneous estimation of the disease-specific parameters and direct hypothesis testing involving multiple disease categories. This is especially useful for assessing whether different disease types have different risk factors. The method is applied to a large case-control study of breast cancer involving three disease categories for which both categoric and continuous risk factors are considered. Substantive epidemiologic interpretation of polychotomous regression outputs is emphasized, as well as providing illustration of the practical aspects of the statistical method.
Preplacement Examinations and Job-Relatedness: How to Enhance Privacy and Diminish Discrimination in the Workplace

Medical testing in the workplace is raising growing concern in light of increasingly available genetic tests and what is perceived as a general assault on individual privacy in the United States. Almost seventy percent of major U.S. firms require individuals who receive job offers to undergo medical testing prior to the commencement of employment, and the law does not restrict the scope of these examinations. Thus, employers test job candidates not only for fitness for duty and use of illegal substances, but also for a variety of conditions including susceptibility to workplace hazards, breast and colon cancer, sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infection, sickle cell anemia, pregnancy, and Huntington Disease. Over fifteen percent of employers require applicants to provide family medical histories, nearly forty percent utilize psychological testing, and a small percentage already conduct genetic testing. This article explores the legal and policy implications of preplacement medical examinations. It recommends that the Americans with Disabilities Act be amended so that it would prohibit employers from conducting preplacement examinations that are not job-related. The author argues that non-job-related medical testing constitutes an unjustifiable invasion of the examinee's privacy and creates temptations and opportunities for discrimination on the part of employers. Furthermore, individuals who undergo testing and receive unexpected and distressing results without obtaining appropriate counseling may suffer significant psychological trauma. For employers, medical examinations that are not job-related constitute an unnecessary financial expenditure and create a risk of litigation based on invasion of privacy, discrimination, and other theories. In addition, invasive medical testing can erode morale and productivity in the workplace.
Beak Trimming Effects on Performance, Behavior and Welfare of Chickens: A Review

Abstract Beak trimming is a management practice that has long been employed by the poultry industry to reduce the deleterious effects of cannibalism and feather pecking among flockmates of chickens. Most studies of beak trimming have concentrated on the production and economic performance aspects of this practice. Because of the current animal welfare debate, behavioral and physiological responses of animals exposed to this procedure have been examined recently in an effort to measure the effects upon “well being.” These investigations have provided some interesting and useful results. Nevertheless, beak trimming continues to be a sensitive and difficult issue for the poultry industry due to the concerns of individuals who promote animal welfare. The purpose of this article is to review some of the research findings regarding beak trimming of chickens as related to industry usage and the animal welfare debate. Several avenues of research that could prove beneficial to the poultry industry in the future will be discussed.
Incorporation of [32P]- and [14C]-ATP intoEscherichia coli isocitrate lyase

InEscherichia coli, isocitrate lyase has been shown to be phosphorylated in vitro by [γ-32P]-ATP on histidine residues. This phosphorylation is believed to be necessary for activity of this enzyme. Previous work has shown that treatment of isocitrate lyase with acid phosphatase leads to a decrease in activity as well as a loss of incorporated [32P]-phosphate in a time-dependent manner. In addition to phosphorylation by [γ-32P]ATP, isocitrate lyase has been found to incorporate radioactive label from [α-32P]ATP and from [14C]ATP. This finding may indicate that more than one type of covalent modification occurs on this enzyme. Isocitrate lyase activity, inE. coli, may be regulated by posttranslational modification in several ways.
Fall Armyworm Resistance in Pearl Millet

Pearl millet, Pennisetum typhoide (Burm.) Stapf and C. E. Hubb., inbreds (1436) were screened as seedlings for resistance to 1st-instar larvae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). Among the lines approximately 4% were rated resistant, 28% intermediate, and 68% were susceptible to larval feeding. Some non-preferred lines, more closely evaluated, are suggested for use in pearl millet hybridization studies of host plant resistance. Antibiosis in 1 inbred (Tifton no. 153) is demonstrated. Analysis of plant extracts for 6-methoxybenzoxazolinonc and benzoxazolinone content show these compounds not to be indicators of fall armyworm resistance in whorl-stage pearl millet.
The Behavior of Thysanura Found with Army Ants

Three species of bristletails (Thysanura: Nicoletiidae), Trichatclura manni (Caudell), T. borgmeieri Silvestri, and Grassiella rettenmeyeri Wygodzinsky, were found living with army ants (Formicidae: Dorylinae) in Panama. Each species has been found with about six species of army ants. These Thysanura live within the ant nests and rarely are seen in diurnal raid columns. When the ants emigrate, the thysanurans run in the columns or ride on large larvae or booty carried by the ants. All specimens kept in laboratory nests died or were killed by the ants within a few days. Usually the ants seem to ignore the Thysanura which climb all over them. Because most immature specimens were found at the beginning of the nomadic phase of the ants, it is thought that the life cycle of T. manni may be synchronized with that of the host. T. manni licks and scrapes the surface of the ants and also feeds on fluids oozing from booty. T. manni runs rapidly on the tips of its tarsi with its long antennae and maxillary palpi extended in front and its abdominal styli held vertically. The Thysanura are able to follow the chemical trails of the ants. Except for the small amount of booty which they eat, they do not appear to be detrimental to the ants and may help keep their bodies and nests clean.
Design of control system for the hot-line operate robot sample production

This paper put forward design of control system for the Hot-line Operate Robot sample production. This system adopt principal and subordinate control mode. This control system's real time capability and precision is more high. As a production the robot control system has a friendly interface and function of handle unconventionality. It also can ensure the high voltage safety of manipulator. Depend the experiment, the robot can satisfy the request of Hot-line operate.
Paralogical Hyperbole: A “Missing Link” Between Technical and Public Spheres

In this article I describe a type of hyperbole which does not add certainty to a technical claim by removing qualifiers and hedges to make boring science exciting. Rather, paralogical hyperbole overstates while jumping from one line of reasoning to another. For example, citing technical science to argue publicly that the “missing link” has been found is exaggerative, and in a direction illogical, given its starting premise, born of a technical sphere, which actually identifies “missing links” as indefensible claims. From an analysis of the popularization efforts of a few scientists regarding Darwinius Marsillae, a fossilized lemur-like skeleton first described in the technical scientific journal PLoS ONE, I show that paralogical hyperbole can result in discourses that are unnecessarily polarizing regarding scientifically-opposed publics, and can pose threats to broader public understandings of science. I close with a discussion of the rhetorical practices of dissoi logoi and prolepsis as means by which to more consciously experience and represent scientific rhetorics characterized by parlogical hyperbole.
Primary Breast Sarcoma: A Case Report

Introduction: Breast sarcomas are very rare, accounting for less than 1% of all breast malignancies and less than 5% of all soft tissue sarcomas [1,2]. They can develop as primary malignancies or secondary to radiation therapy or after treatment of another malignancy [3,4]. Primary breast sarcomas are particularly rare, accounting for only 44.8 new cases per 10 million women [5]. Because breast sarcomas are so rare, clinical research is difficult and there is little data to guide management. Most published data on breast sarcomas is limited to small retrospective case reviews and case reports. Case presentation: A 65 year-old woman presented with a three week history of swelling and bleeding of her left breast. On initial exam, there was an ulcerated, exophytic multinodular mass of the inferior, medial aspect of the right breast measuring approximately 18 cm. Ultrasound guided biopsy was performed which revealed the mass was a high grade pleomorphic breast sarcoma. The patient underwent a right mastectomy. Three months later, the patient re-presented with a bleeding lesion on her scalp. Fine needle aspiration was performed, which revealed a high grade, poorly differentiated malignancy. Conclusion: This case represents a very rare form of breast sarcoma and could potentially contribute to the body of scientific evidence on breast sarcomas. A centralized registry might be able to compile this and other evidence for further analysis to better understand breast sarcomas and guide management.
Encouraging Example Generation: A Teaching Experiment in First-Semester Calculus.

AbstractMathematicians use example generation to test and verify mathematical ideas; however, the processes through which undergraduates learn to productively generate examples are not well understood. We engaged calculus students in a teaching experiment designed to develop skills in productively generating examples to learn novel concepts. This article presents three student case studies. These case studies are representative of our findings and serve to summarize the activities we found useful. They also serve as examples of various student experiences during the teaching experiment. One student expressed a continued negative view to using example generation. Two increased in skills and experience and expressed positive changes in views.
Preventing risk and promoting resilience in radiation health

Because risk assessment is fundamentally deficient in the face of unknown or unforeseeable events and disasters such as occurred in 2011 at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in Japan, resilience thinking, which focuses on the ability of both natural and human-made systems to prepare for, absorb, and recover from an adverse event and to adapt to new conditions is an important additional consideration in decision making. Radiation contamination is an impediment to most critical functions of a community; resilience planning considers how those critical functions will be maintained in the event that radiation contamination does occur. Therefore, planning should begin with resilience-based thinking and should be complemented with risk assessment-based tools. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:677-679. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Detectability comparison of simulated objects within a dense breast phantom using high energy x-ray phase sensitive and conventional imaging systems

The objective of this study was to compare the detectability of simulated objects within a dense breast phantom using high energy x-rays for phase sensitive breast imaging in comparison with a conventional imaging system. A 5 cm thick phantom was used which represented a compressed breast consisting of 70% glandular and 30% adipose tissue ratio in non-uniform background. The phantom had a 6 × 6 matrix of holes with milled depths ranging from 1 to 0.1 mm and diameters ranging from 4.25 to 0.25 mm representing simulated tumors. The in-line phase sensitive prototype was equipped with a micro-focus x-ray source and a flat panel detector with a 50 μm pixel pitch, both mounted on an optical rail. Phase contrast image of the phantom was acquired at 120 kVp, 4.5 mAs at source to object distance (SOD) of 68 cm and source to image detector distance (SIDD) of 170 cm with a geometric magnification (M) of 2.5. A 2.5 mm aluminum (Al) filter was used for beam hardening. The conventional image was acquired using the same porotype with the phantom in contact with the detector at 40 kVp, 12.5 mAs under SID = 68 cm. The mean glandular dose (Dg) for both the acquisitions was 1.3 mGy. The observer study and CNR analyses indicated that the phase contrast image had higher disk detectability as compared to the conventional image. The edge enhancement provided by the phase sensitive images warrants in identifying boundaries of malignant tissues and in providing optimal results in phase retrieval process. The potential demonstrated by this study for imaging a dense breast with a high energy phase sensitive x-ray imaging to improve tumor detection in warrants further investigation of this technique.
Biological soil crusts: Diminutive communities of potential global importance

Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are widespread, diverse communities of cyanobacteria, fungi, lichens, and mosses living on soil surfaces, primarily in drylands. Biocrusts can locally govern primary production, soil fertility, hydrology, and surface energy balance, with considerable variation in these functions across alternate community states. Further, these communities have been implicated in Earth system functioning via potential influences on global biogeochemistry and climate. Biocrusts are easily destroyed by disturbances and appear to be exceptionally vulnerable to warming temperatures and altered precipitation inputs, signaling possible losses of dryland functions with global change. Despite these concerns, we lack sufficient spatiotemporal data on biocrust function, cover, and community structure to confidently assess their ecological roles across the extensive dryland biome. Here, we present the case for cross-scale research and restoration efforts coupled with remote-sensing and modeling approaches that improve our collective understanding of biocrust responses to global change and the ecological roles of these diminutive communities at global scales.
Linking pH, Temperature, and K+ Concentration for DNA i-Motif Formation.

The conformation a particular DNA segment assumes depends upon its sequence context and the environment under which it is prepared. To complement our findings with G-rich sequences related to the human telomere, we have been investigating the pH induced transition from single strand to i-motif for sequences related to the human telomere C-rich strand. We have carried out titrations of (CCCTAA)4 from pH 7.0 to pH 5.0 at temperatures ranging from 15 to 45 °C at 115 mM K+ and at K+ concentrations ranging from 15 to 215 mM at 25 °C. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra were determined to monitor the transition. The pH at the midpoint of the proton induced transition, pHmp, is dependent upon both temperature and [K+]. Wyman-type plots of log K vs pH yielded linear correlations and the slopes of those lines, ΔQ, were also linearly dependent on [K+] and T. For these studies, ΔQ represents the minimum number of protons that must be added to the oligomer to induce the initial folding. These results are consistent with ...
Nestin in immature embryonic neurons regulates axon growth cone morphology and Sema3a sensitivity

Nestin is an atypical intermediate filament expressed highly in neural progenitors and is thus used widely as a progenitor marker. Nestin, but not other intermediate filament subtypes, interacts with and regulates cdk5 kinase. Here we surprisingly identify a subpopulation of embryonic cortical neurons which transiently express nestin in their axonal growth cones. Since the repulsive guidance cue Semaphorin 3a (Sema3a) activates cdk5, we tested if nestin-expressing neurons showed altered responses to Sema3a. We find that nestin-expressing neurons are more sensitive to Sema3a, and that nestin knockdown results in lowered sensitivity to Sema3a. We propose that nestin is a modulator of cdk5 in immature neurons leading to an altered Sema3a response. Since correct wiring in the neocortex requires that responses to an individual guidance cue vary among neurons in the same location, and within the same neuron over time, the transient expression of nestin could allow for temporal modulation of a neuron9s response to Sema3a, critical for early cortical axon guidance decisions.
Tiered deposition of sub-5 nm ferroelectric Hf1-xZrxO2 films on metal and semiconductor substrates

Using a tiered deposition approach, Hf1-xZrxO2 (HZO) films with varying atomic layer deposition (ALD) cycles from 36 to 52 cycles were grown on Ge, Ir, and TiN substrates in single runs and annealed at 500 °C. 40 ALD cycle films grown on Ir exhibit a switched polarization (Psw) of 13 μC/cm2, while those grown on Ge and TiN did not exhibit measurable Psw values until 44 and 52 ALD cycles, respectively. High-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy confirmed these results; the ferroelectric films are crystalline with defined lattice fringes, while non-ferroelectric films remain amorphous. 52 ALD cycle 1:1 HZO grown on Ge had the highest Psw of all the films fabricated at 39 μC/cm2, while the 1:1 HZO grown on TiN displayed continuous wake-up and no fatigue up to 1010 cycles with the Psw increasing from <1 μC/cm2 to 21 μC/cm2.
A Tissue Model for Investigating Photon Migration in Trans-Cranial Infrared Imaging

Single photon counting time correlation1–3 is a method to measure a sample’s properties such that the output intensity is time-correlated with the input. Knowing this enables the user to deconvolve the response in order to determine the imulse response for a sample. It is very useful in studies which measure lifetimes of sample fluorescence.
Sex Hormone, Glucocorticoid, and Cytokine Regulation of Mucosal Immunity: Hormonal Influences on Antibody Levels and Antigen Presentation in the Female Genital Tract

Publisher Summary The studies presented in this chapter demonstrate that the secretory immune system in the female reproductive tract of the rat is under the control of the female sex hormones. It also demonstrates that both afferent and efferent immune function—namely, the ability of uterine cells to present antigen to T lymphocytes, and to respond to antigen by antibody formation—are present in the female genital tract and are regulated by estradiol and selected cytokines. The focus in these studies was to identify the origins of antibodies within the female genital tract and the role that sex hormones play in the expression of this response in uterine and cervicovaginal secretions. Using sheep red blood cells (SRBC) as antigen, it was demonstrated that Peyer's patches (PP), intraperitoneally (ip), and UT immunization results in specific IgA and IgG antibody responses in the reproductive tract. These findings led to the conclusion that at least some antibodies in the genital tract are derived from the gastrointestinal tract and that their presence in the uterus is dependent upon estradiol which directs orally induced and ip-induced antibodies into genital tract secretions.
Dynamic courier routing for a food delivery service

Abstract Services like Grubhub and UberEats have revolutionized the way that diners can find and order from restaurants. The standard business model for such services, however, allows diners to order from only one restaurant at a time. Inspired by a food delivery service in the southeastern United States, this paper proposes the framework for a more flexible business model in which multiple restaurants may be included in a single customer’s order. We formally define this new problem, the virtual food court delivery problem (VFCDP), and provide a mixed integer linear programming formulation. For implementation in a dynamic setting, an auction-based heuristic has also been developed. This so-called “proactive” heuristic anticipates future system states, and seeks solutions which are effective at both serving customers in the present and preparing couriers to handle future demand. This is facilitated through the calculation of metrics describing equity and dispersion. Furthermore, this heuristic is capable of handling both split and non-split delivery policies. An extensive numerical study is conducted in a simulation environment to examine characteristics of this new business model. This study reveals that the proactive heuristic is effective at improving system performance (over an entirely myopic heuristic) according to several customer experience-based metrics (e.g. freshness, earliness, etc.). Furthermore, a non-split delivery policy is shown to deliver all of a customer’s items no later than the last item would have arrived in the split-delivery case, on average. It does this while also avoiding any waiting time for the customer between deliveries, and while reducing the number of miles traveled by a courier fleet throughout the day. Additional managerial policies, such as the type of delivery window offered to customers, are also discussed.
Perpetrating The Myth: Exploring Media Accounts of Rape Myths on “Women’s” Networks

The majority of sexual assault victims knew their perpetrator, yet despite this, there remains a societal conceptualization that sexual assault is committed by strangers. These misperceptions stem ...
E-022 Aneurysm neck healing following web-17 device implantation in an elastase induced rabbit model – histologic analysis

Purpose To classify the tissue patterns and cellular components at aneurysm neck following treatment with single layer (SL) and single layer sphere (SLS) WEB-17 devices in an elastase induced rabbit aneurysm model. Materials and methods With institutional animal care and use committee approval, saccular aneurysms were created in 12 rabbits and treated with WEB-17 device (n=6 for SL, n=6 for SLS). The device-bearing aneurysms were harvested at 3 months after implantation. Following the macroscopic examination of aneurysm neck, a whole tissue mount en face staining of the wet specimen was performed for endothelial cells (CD-31) and smooth muscle cells (SMA). Tissue coverage presenting at the neck was scored as: 0) device struts were completely bare, with no tissue coverage; 1) tissue coverage is less than 50% of neck orifice; 2) the tissue coverage is 50%–75% of neck orifice; 3) tissue coverage is greater than 75% of neck orifice. Results Three tissue patterns that appeared at the neck along with the device struts were discovered as 1) multiple, isolated, light brown-colored tissue islands of varied sizes (figure 1A), composed of inflammatory cells (figure 1D); 2) A confluent, brown-colored tissue patch (figure 1B) representing an incompletely organized thrombus containing scattered or diffused inflammatory cells and an acellular matrix (figure1E); and 3) A white, membrane-like tissue (figure 1C) that was positive for SMA and CD31 (figure 1F). The membrane-like issue was mainly located at the periphery, where it continued up the parent artery wall (figure 1C). Patterns 1 and 2 were seen in 6/6 (100%) for both of the SL and SLS groups. Membranous tissue was present in 4 of 6 (67%) for the SL group and 50% for the SLS group. The mean neck tissue coverage score was 1.5 and 1.8 for the SL and SLS groups, respectively. There was no statistical difference regarding the neck tissue coverage and rate of different tissue patterns between the two groups. Conclusion The primary tissue that appeared at the aneurysm neck following WEB-17 treatment was thrombus and the adherence of clusters of inflammatory cells. The endothelialization mainly started from the periphery and was derived exclusively from the adjacent aneurysm/parent artery wall. Disclosures D. Dai: None. Y. Ding: None. S. Asnafi: None. D. Kallmes: None. R. Kadirvel: None.
Characterization of Multiple Movement Strategies in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability.

Context Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is characterized by multiple sensorimotor deficits, affecting strength, postural control, motion, and movement. Identifying specific deficits is the key to d...
An experimental investigation of white counselors broaching race and racism

Broaching involves actively addressing culture and power in session, a counseling skill that is underused despite its promising track record. In an experimental analogue design, the authors studied potential clients’ evaluation of an initial broaching statement. Results provide evidence of the therapeutic benefits of broaching, preference for broaching that addresses the counseling relationship, and the role of positionality in evaluating counselors’ cultural responsiveness. Implications for broaching with minoritized clients are discussed.
Opinion Dynamics over Influence Networks

The state of a societal group that is driven by social interactions amongst its members can be modeled as a probability vector, representing the relative strength of one's opinion within the group, that dictates the likely outcome of future interactions. Social interaction is then modeled by dynamics on the probability simplex, where the next state (probability vector) depends on the previous in a nonlinear manner that reflects interaction akin to McKean-Vlasov dynamics. In this short paper we outline theory that has been recently developed, and provide extensions, that rely on contractiveness of the state transition in the $\ell_{1}$ -norm. Our approach has links to other recent advances on monotone maps and differential positive systems.
The Role of the Ocularist in Reconstructing the Posttraumatic Anophthalmic Orbit

Management of the posttraumatic anophthalmic orbit is complex, and a successful outcome depends upon multidisciplinary management which includes skeletal correction, prognostication of globe function and secondary surgical management together with an ocularist to optimise prosthesis construction in a timely manner.
Comparison of Molecular Methods and BRAF Immunohistochemistry (VE1 Clone) for the Detection of BRAF V600E Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis

The evaluation of surgically resected papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for BRAF mutation has diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications. The goal of this meta-analysis was to perform a systematic review of studies using the VE1 clone (specific for detection of the BRAF V600E mutation) on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) thyroid surgical resection specimens for primary papillary thyroid carcinoma. The authors' molecular techniques, immunohistochemistry protocols, and scoring methods for VE1 immunostaining were also evaluated. This study included 4079 PTCs representing data from 23 studies. The results extracted from each study were split into two different groups, direct sequencing group or PCR group, based on the molecular "gold standard" method used to compare VE1 IHC staining. In the direct sequencing group, the IHC sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 0.97-1.00) and specificity 84% (95% 0.72-0.91). In the PCR group the sensitivity was 98% (95% CI 0.96-0.99) and specificity 89% (95% CI 0.82-0.94). Although immunohistochemical procedures varied by author, the overall performance of the VE1 clone shows that it is highly sensitive and relatively specific for detecting the BRAF V600E mutation in surgical resection specimens. However, standardization of immunohistochemical procedural method and scoring/interpretation criteria may improve the reliability and reproducibility for the use of VE1 clone for future practice.
Knowledge and practice regarding prostate cancer germline testing among urologists: Gaps to address for optimal implementation✰,✰✰.

Abstract Background Germline testing is recommended for all men with metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), and for some with localized PCa meeting specific histologic or family history criteria. Germline genetic evaluation has important implications for PCa prognosis and management, as well as implications for family members and cancer screening. Despite the importance of germline evaluation, its utilization in urologic practice is unknown. Materials and Methods We conducted a 32-item survey of U.S. urologists to examine knowledge of germline testing guidelines and practice patterns. It was shared through email to 6 American Urological Association sections, the Veterans Affairs Urology Mailgroup, and social media. Results Among 132 total respondents from diverse practice settings across the U.S., 12% perform germline testing, 44% refer to a genetic counselor, 11% do both, and 33% do not test/refer. Only 4% had formal education in genetics. While 98% ask about PCa family history, only 76% and 52% ask about breast and ovarian cancer. When presented with hypothetical case scenarios where germline testing is indicated, many respondents indicated they would not offer genetic counseling or testing. Younger age (p = 0,03), academic practice (p = 0.04), and specializing in PCa/oncology (p = 0.007) were significantly associated with performing or referring for germline testing. Specializing in PCa/oncology was significantly associated with recommending germline testing for all case scenarios involving metastatic PCa (p = 0.0009) Conclusion Our results suggest significant gaps in knowledge of germline testing and alignment of practice with national guidelines among urologists. Germline testing education and facilitation of genetic evaluation in urologic practice is warranted.
Software Abstractions and Methodologies for HPC Simulation Codes on Future Architectures

Simulations with multi-physics modeling have become crucial to many science and engineering fields, and multi-physics capable scientific software is as important to these fields as instruments and facilities are to experimental sciences. The current generation of mature multi-physics codes would have sustainably served their target communities with modest amount of ongoing investment for enhancing capabilities. However, the revolution occurring in the hardware architecture has made it necessary to tackle the parallelism and performance management in these codes at multiple levels. The requirements of various levels are often at cross-purposes with one another, and therefore hugely complicate the software design. All of these considerations make it essential to approach this challenge cooperatively as a community. We conducted a series of workshops under an NSF-SI2 conceptualization grant to get input from various stakeholders, and to identify broad approaches that might lead to a solution. In this position paper we detail the major concerns articulated by the application code developers, and emerging trends in utilization of programming abstractions that we found through these workshops.
PD-L1 correlates with chemokines and cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid from healthy and diseased sites in subjects with periodontitis.

PD-L1 is an immune checkpoint molecule that regulates immune and inflammatory responses. While cells of periodontal tissues express PD-L1, its presence in GCF is not known. The purpose of this study was to measure the PD-L1 values in GCF and correlate values with the presence of chemokine and cytokine values from periodontally diseased subjects and periodontally healthy subjects. PD-L1 values (pg/30 s), determined in triplicate using a fluorescent microparticle-based immunoassay ranged from 0.04–31.65 pg/30 s. PD-L1 correlated with 15 out of 22 chemokine and cytokine responses. In 85 healthy sites in 31 subjects, PD-L1 values were negatively correlated with IL6, CXCL8, IL10, and CCL3 values. In 53 diseased sites in 20 subjects, PD-L1 values were positively correlated with CCL11, CSF2, IFNG, IL1A, IL1B, IL2, IL7, IL15, and CCL5 values and negatively correlated with IL12A and IL5 values. Gene ontology (GO) annotations identified roles of PD-L1 in Th1 and Th2 activation and T-cell exhaustion signaling canonical pathways. PD-L1 values were correlated with the expression of chemokines and cytokines, which likely regulates immune cell trafficking and protects the periodontium from uncontrolled immune responses to pathogens and inflammation-induced tissue damage.
Religious Violence as Modern Myth

In this essay the author summarizes the argument of his book entitled The Myth of Religious Violence, whose main contention is that there is no reason to suppose that people are more likely to kill for a god than for a whole other host of “secular” ideologies and practices that behave in the way that “religions” do. The author then goes on to respond to various critiques that have been made of the book since its appearance in 2009.
Autologous Tumor-Derived Heat Shock Protein Vaccine as a New Paradigm for Individualized Cancer Therapeutics

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of highly conserved and abundant molecules across all organisms. HSPs are molecular chaperones that are further induced in response to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the cell. They are essential in chaperoning proteins and maintaining the correct conformation of protein substrates. Recently, these molecules have been implicated in bridging innate and adaptive immunity, owing to their ability to chaperone antigenic peptides and their surprising property of being able to modulate the functional status of professional antigen-presenting cells. This chapter will summarize the immunological properties and mechanisms of HSPs and highlight the interests of autologous tumor-derived HSP-peptide complexes in the treatment of a variety of human cancers.
Recognizing and Dealing with Transference

Publisher Summary The relationship between the patient and the therapist is often seen as having three components—the transference, the real relationship, and the working alliance. The distinction among these components is important and is illustrative of the change that has occurred in the concept of transference. The transference can be better thought of as an enactment, a repetition with the therapist of a pattern of behavior. The detection and assessment of transference is not easy because it can never be observed directly, but rather, is always a matter of inference from a derivative. Nonetheless, there are some clear indicators of the presence of transference and it is important to attend to these indicators. The key in recognizing transference is to understand that transference is always inappropriate. Even when transference is considered mutually constructed, the contribution of the patient will seem disproportionate in the case of a transferential response.
Apparel shopping on the Internet

Despite the rapid growth in online sales of apparel, some consumers are still reluctant to purchase clothing on the Internet. This may be due to perceptions of risk associated with the type and quantity of information on which to make their purchase decision. The purpose of this study was to explore the availability of product and customer service information and to examine Web site quality of leading US Internet apparel retailers. A content analysis of their Web sites shows that online apparel merchants are providing a large amount of basic product information traditionally provided on labels, but are not providing sensory or experiential product information useful in making purchase decisions for fashion‐oriented garments. Online merchants are providing extensive customer service information. Basic Web site quality components are evident on most apparel Web sites, but entertaining and aesthetic features that can differentiate a merchant from competitors are being used sparsely.