cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 936: Albendazole enhances apoptosis through targeting RNF20/Eg5 interaction in colon cancer cells

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most leading causes of cancer-related death in the world because most of cases are diagnosed in advanced stages, when the development of resistance to chemotherapy is more frequent. To face this situation, new therapeutic drugs are desperately needed for patients with advanced cancer, but making safe and efficacious drugs remains expensive and time consuming. Given the high attrition rates, substantial costs and slow pace of new drug discovery and further development, repurposing of 9old9 drugs is increasingly becoming an attractive proposition. The objective of this study was to perform a high-throughput screen (HTS) of an FDA-approved drug library (1622 compounds) to specifically identify candidates that can significantly reduce the cell survival of colon cancer cells. Among all, Albendazole which is an anthelmintic drug demonstrated promising in vitro efficacy against colon cancer cells with relatively low toxicity in normal cells. Albendazole is known to bind to the colchicine-sensitive site of β-tubulin, inhibiting their polymerization into microtubules. The decrease in microtubules in the intestinal cells of the parasites decreases their absorptive function, especially the uptake of glucose by the adult and larval forms of the parasites, and also depletes glycogen storage. Insufficient glucose results in insufficient energy for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and thus parasite dies eventually during helminthic infection. Here, we determined to molecular mechanism/s by which Albendazole regulates colon cancer cell viability. To explore the global changes in colon cancer cells, we performed mass spectrometry analysis in colon cancer cells treated with Albendazole. One of the major proteins which was downregulated by Albendazole was RNF20. RNF20 is a E3 ubiquitin ligase catalyzing histone H2B monoubiquitination, interacts with the motor protein Eg5 during mitosis and participates in spindle assembly. Inhibition of these proteins induces apoptosis by interfering with antiapoptotic proteins Bcl2 family and arrests cells remarkably at G2/M phase in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, Albendazole inhibits invasion and colony formation in vitro, induced apoptosis in tumoroids derived from APCmin mice (Spontaneous colon cancer model) and xenograft tumor formation in vivo. These results indicate that albendazole may have therapeutic potential in colon cancer and provide the framework for future studies of albendazole in CRC. Citation Format: Iram Fatima, Rizwan Ahmad, Saiprasad Gowrikumar, Susmita Barman, Rafay Abu, Vikas Kumar, Amar B. Singh, Punita Dhawan. Albendazole enhances apoptosis through targeting RNF20/Eg5 interaction in colon cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 936.
Investigating Novel Proximity Monitoring Techniques Using Ubiquitous Sensor Technology

The goal of this work is to investigate novel proximity detection techniques by researching and testing various sensor technologies and investigate their feasibility in an athletic context. COVID-19 has challenged sports teams to come up with reasonable and easy-to-implement solutions to provide a safe training environment for their players and staff. For this reason, proximity data is more important than ever, as many teams are in need of a way to measure social distancing and maintain contact tracing of their athletes. Bluetooth has been widely used to detect colocation and monitor social distancing. However, there are many other sensing technologies that may prove to be more accurate, robust, and secure. Therefore, the focus of this work is to investigate how Bluetooth compares with ultra-wideband and ultrasound technologies when monitoring the distance between users. We have implemented and compared the three modalities in a controlled experiment to investigate their accuracy at detecting distance between users at various levels. Our results indicate that the UWB signals are the most accurate at monitoring co-location.This is in-line with previous research suggesting that Bluetooth cannot accurately measure the distance between fast moving objects and needs about 20 seconds to stabilize distance measurements; therefore, it is not feasible to use for sports. In addition, we recorded that UWB models yielded an accuracy of over 95%, while ultrasound correctly classified the observations over 80% of the time, and Bluetooth had an accuracy of less than 50% when predicting if a given signal is within 6 feet or not.
Mind the Gap: Generating Imputations for Satellite Data Collections at Myriad Spatiotemporal Scopes

Hyperspectral satellite data collections have been successfully leveraged in many domains such as meteorology, agriculture, forestry, and disaster management. There is also a collection of publicly available satellite observation networks. However, gaps in scanning frequencies and inadequate spatial resolutions limit the capabilities of geoscience applications. In this study, we target the temporal sparsity of high-resolution satellite images. In particular, we propose a novel methodology to estimate high-resolution images between scheduled scans. Our model SATnet, falls broadly within the class of Generative Adversarial Networks. SATnet allows us to generate accurate high-resolution, high-frequency satellite data at diverse spatial extents. SATnet achieves this by learning relations between a sequence of high-resolution/low-frequency satellite imageries (from Sentinel-2) and an ancillary satellite image that is high-frequency/low-resolution (from MODIS). Our benchmarks demonstrate that SATnet outperforms existing approaches such as ConvLSTMs, Dynamic Filter Network, and TrajGRU with a PSNR accuracy of 31.82. We trained and deployed SATnet over a distributed storage cluster to support the high-throughput generation of imputed satellite imagery via query evaluations. Our methodology preserves geospatial proximity and facilitates the dynamic construction of satellite imagery at a particular timestamp for arbitrary spatial scopes.
Chapter 8 The Animal Models of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Windows on the Pathophysiological Consequences of Dystrophin Deficiency

Publisher Summary Rapidly increasing knowledge of the primary genetic and biochemical basis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy has illuminated a complex disorder that is best viewed as a dynamic process, rather than a simple and static biochemical defect. The Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene has a sporadic mutation rate, an order of magnitude higher than most other diseases. The clinical progression of Duchenne dystrophy is devastating; the affected boys may appear normal until about age 4 when they begin to have trouble being as active as their friends. Progressive muscle wasting and weakness ensue, leaving patients wheelchair-bound by 11 years of age. The cloning of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene and the identification of the normal protein product has led to an understanding of the genetic and biochemical basis of the disease. All mutations apparently disrupt the gene in a way that precludes the production of stable dystrophin molecules. Becker muscular dystrophy is characterized by dystrophin abnormalities. Becker-type abnormalities are because of amino acid deletions/duplications, within the dystrophin protein, reduced quantities of dystrophin, or both. The complex nature of the disease baffles attempts to understand it. However, this same complexity provides many therapeutic possibilities and tools to address the many questions are available. The most important of these tools are the animal models. This chapter discusses a variety of such animal models and its consequences on the development of therapeutics.
Interventional therapy for venous thromboembolism

Advances in image-guided, catheter-based interventions have shown great potential to improve outcomes in patients with venous thromboembolism. Catheter-directed thrombolysis has been shown in one randomized controlled trial to reduce the risk of post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis; data from a larger national institute of health trial are expected in early 2017. The use of catheter-directed thrombolysis is also being increasingly considered for patients with submassive or massive pulmonary embolism. Preliminary studies suggest that endovascular stent placement and ablative therapies may be used to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life in severely affected patients with established post-thrombotic syndrome. In this article, we summarize the risks and benefits of endovascular venous thromboembolism therapies as currently understood, highlight clinical situations where their benefit may outweigh risks, and describe ongoing and upcoming pivotal research initiatives with multidisciplinary participation.
MRI assessment of nitroxide-mediated selective normal tissue radioprotection

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4411 Stable free radical nitroxides (lead compound, Tempol) have been shown to be effective cycling antioxidants and exert radio-protective properties in both cells and animals. With respect to radiation protection, only the oxidized nitroxide provides radioprotection, while the reduced form (hydroxylamine) does not. The purpose of the present pre-clinical study was to determine whether Tempol (275 mg/kg, i.p.) could provide radioprotection to salivary glands or tumor when administered to C3H mice 10 min prior to each of 5 daily fractions of radiation. Heads of C3H mice were irradiated to a total dose of 30 Gy (5 × 6 Gy daily fractions) with and without Tempol treatment. Salivary gland function (pilocarpine-induced saliva collection over 10 min) was measured 8 weeks later. Tempol treatment provided significant radioprotection against salivary gland damage (mean saliva output: n = 8; 291 ± 24, 113 ± 15, and 226 ± 18 μl for non-irradiated controls, irradiated controls, and irradiated Tempol animals, respectively). Next, tumor-bearing mice (SCCVII tumor, 8 mm diameter) were locally treated with fractionated radiation (5 × 3 Gy daily fractions) with and without Tempol treatment and tumor regrowth was assessed. Tempol treatment did not protect against radiation-induced regrowth delay. The mechanism for this differential radioprotection may be explained in terms of differential reduction of Tempol in normal versus tumor tissue. Since Tempol is both radioprotective and provides T1 contrast enhancement in MRI, experiments were carried out to assess the time course of MR intensity enhancement of Tempol in salivary glands and tumor. Tempol-mediated image intensification was found to decrease ∼2 fold faster in tumor compared to salivary glands. This loss in intensity could be due to the combination of tissue reduction/clearance. These pre-clinical studies support the use of nitroxide radioprotectors in conjunction with functional nitroxide/MR imaging as a completely novel approach of selective normal tissue radioprotection worthy of clinical evaluation.
Connexions: An Alternative Approach to Publishing

Web technologies offer new methods for quickly sharing and disseminating knowledge. Digital libraries of scholarly assets are proliferating online, with materials being openly licensed and shared. Sharing knowledge provides learners, instructors and researchers with access to the most recent findings, encouraging more rapid breakthroughs that lead to positive impacts to society. These new publication processes pose challenges to traditional publishers by redefining methods for providing quality information in a timely manner. The Connexions project at Rice University is a collaborative, community-driven approach to authoring, teaching, and learning. By collaborating both within and across disciplines, communities of authors work together to pool their expertise in the form of knowledge modules. These modules form the basis for building courses that are authored by many, with each author receiving attribution for his or her contributions. Information can be modified under an open license to tailor the material for the audiences of learners.
Kinematic structure of a wildland fire plume observed by Doppler lidar

[1] Wildland fires present a challenging environment to make meteorological measurements. Observations in the vicinity of wildland fires are needed to better understand fire-atmosphere interactions and to provide data for the evaluation of coupled fire-atmosphere models. An observational study was conducted during a low-intensity prescribed fire in an area of complex terrain with grass fuels east of San Jose, California. A ground-based scanning Doppler lidar acquired radial wind velocities and backscatter intensity in and around the fire plume from multiple horizontal and vertical scans. The development of a convergence zone was consistently observed to exist downwind of the plume and was indicated by a decrease in radial velocity of 3–5 m s−1. Divergence calculations made from the lidar radial velocities showed that the magnitude of convergence ranged between −0.06 and −0.08 s−1 downwind of the plumes, while a maximum of −0.14 s−1 occurred within the plume near the fire front. Increased radial velocities were observed at the plume boundary, indicating fire-induced acceleration of the wind into the base of the convection column above the fire front. Thermodynamic measurements made with radiosondes showed the smoke plume had a potential temperature perturbation of 3.0 to 4.4 K and an increase in water vapor mixing ratio of 0.5 to 1.0 g kg−1. Plume heights determined from sequential range height indicator scans provided estimates of vertical velocity between 0.4 and 0.6 m s−1, representing the ambient background vertical velocity as the top of the plume likely reached equilibrium.
An ensemble approach for data fusion with learn

We have recently introduced Learn++ as an incremental learning algorithm capable of learning additional data that may later become available. The strength of Learn++ lies with its ability to learn new data without forgetting previously acquired knowledge and without requiring access to any of the previously seen data, even when the new data introduce new classes. Learn++, inspired in part by AdaBoost, achieves incremental learning through generating an ensemble of classifiers for each new dataset that becomes available and then combining them through weighted majority voting with a distribution update rule modified for incremental learning of new classes. We have recently discovered that Learn++ also provides a practical and a general purpose approach for multisensor and/or multimodality data fusion. In this paper, we present Learn++ as an addition to the new breed of classifier fusion algorithms, along with preliminary results obtained on two real-world data fusion applications.
Market Return and Aggregate Earnings News

A recent analysis by Kothari, Lewellen and Warner(2006) report negative relations between aggregate earnings surprise and market return in quarterly earnings disclosure and reporting periods and no evidence of a positive relation between aggregate earnings and market return in any post-disclosure quarters. In this analysis we develop approaches aimed at better isolating aggregate earning's news component and find strong evidence of a positive relation between aggregate earnings surprise and return in the quarter following the earnings disclosure quarter. This pattern is consistent with the market not fully incorporating discount rate shock and cash flow implications of aggregate earnings in the disclosure period.
Coevolution of the vertebrate integrin alpha- and beta-chain genes.

The integrin receptors are heterodimers whose a and p subunits are encoded by separate, evolutionarily unrelated multigene families. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from these two gene families showed that they have not always evolved in a parallel fashion. The integrin a chains that can form heterodimers with p 1 do not constitute a monophyletic group, nor do the p chains which can form heterodimers with aV. On the other hand, the vertebrate a chains associating with p2 are a monophyletic group. In the metal cation-binding region of the a chain, an exon exchange took place between human aM and aX -40-50 Mya, homogenizing this functionally important region in these two a chains. When integrin p chains of different functional classes are compared, nonsynonymous (amino acid altering) nucleotide substitutions that alter amino acid residue charge in the central region of the molecule occur at a rate significantly higher than that expected under random replacement. By contrast, when closely related pl chains are compared, residue charge is conserved in this region. These results pinpoint the central region as a focus of functional divergence among integrin p chains, perhaps relating to the ability of each p integrin class to associate with a specific array of a integrins. Furthermore, they imply that positive, directional selection on this region has occurred in the evolution of the integrin P-chain gene family.
Note: Direct Impact of an Airport on Travelers' Expenditures: Methodology and Application

Economic impact studies overestimate the direct impact of an airport on travelers' expenditures. This occurs for two reasons. First, impact studies assume that the number of visitors traveling to the local area via the airport would fall to zero in the absence of the airport. Second, impact studies implicitly assume that local residents would continue to travel outside the local area in the same numbers as when the local airport is available. In other words, it is assumed that the demand for travel into the local area by visitors is perfectly elastic with respect to the time and money costs of travel, while the demand for travel by local residents is perfectly inelastic with respect to these variables. This paper develops a methodology that avoids both of these sources of error by explicitly incorporating air travel demand into the analysis. The methodology is applied to Tampa International Airport for the year 1996. It is shown that using the standard methodology would have resulted in an estimate of direct impacts sixteen times the size of the estimate made by using the methodology of this paper.
Decision analysis of prophylactic treatment for patients with high-risk esophageal varices

Abstract Background: Clinical decision analyses were conducted to quantify the uncertainty and to identify important factors in selection of prophylactic therapy for patients with esophageal varices. Methods: A Markov model compared variceal ligation, β-blockers, and "watchful waiting" strategies in terms of bleeding-free life years. Transition probabilities were obtained from meta-analyses of published data. A hypothetical 50-year-old white man with high-risk esophageal varices and cirrhosis served as the prototypical baseline case. Traditional n-way sensitivity analyses were applied to clarify the influence of each factor, and Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to investigate clinical uncertainty. Results: Probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated that 77.0% of hypothetical cases had more bleeding-free life years after variceal ligation, whereas 23% had more when treated with β-blockers. On the basis of one-way sensitivity analyses, only 2 factors (variceal bleeding rates after ligation and treatment with β-blockers) influenced the strategy choice. Conclusions: Variceal ligation is an effective prophylactic therapy in many cases, but nearly one quarter of patients with high-risk esophageal varices and cirrhosis may benefit more from prophylactic treatment with β-blockers. Additional clinical studies identifying key variceal bleeding risk factors may lead to more effective clinical decision making for these patients. (Gastrointest Endosc 2000;52:707-14.)
Symmetrized local co-registration optimization for anomalous change detection

The goal of anomalous change detection (ACD) is to identify what unusual changes have occurred in a scene, based on two images of the scene taken at different times and under different conditions. The actual anomalous changes need to be distinguished from the incidental differences that occur throughout the imagery, and one of the most common and confounding of these incidental differences is due to the misregistration of the images, due to limitations of the registration pre-processing applied to the image pair. We propose a general method to compensate for residual misregistration in any ACD algorithm which constructs an estimate of the degree of "anomalousness" for every pixel in the image pair. The method computes a modified misregistration-insensitive anomalousness by making local re-registration adjustments to minimize the local anomalousness. In this paper we describe a symmetrized version of our initial algorithm, and find significant performance improvements in the anomalous change detection ROC curves for a number of real and synthetic data sets.
The effects of affective and cognitive treatment on attitude change toward ethnic minority groups

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of cognitive and affective treatments on the attitudes of white university students in Hawaii (a place where many ethnic minority groups live with little overt discrimination and where no one racial group, such as the whites, is in the majority) toward ethnic minority groups. It was hypothesized that the rank order of the groups from most favorable to least favorable in social distance and attitude for and against ethnic minority groups, would be: Affective Treatment, Cognitive Treatment, Hawaii Control, and Mainland Comparison Group. The Social Distance Scale and Prejudice and Rationality Scale were used as pretest and posttest instruments in the Fall, 1980 with 94 Brigham Young University—Hawaii Campus (BYU—HC)and30 Brigham Young University (BYU) in Utah undergraduate students. Analysis of covariance led to supporting the three hypotheses at the 0.01 significance level. It was found that the Affective Treatment Group consistently had a greater change in attitude toward ethnic minorities followed by the Cognitive, Hawaii Control, and Mainland Comparison Groups. It was concluded that the affective treatment was the most effective in changing attitudes toward ethnic minority groups.
18 DRUG INDUCED LIFE THREATENING SUICIDAL ATTEMPTS IN IS ADOLESCENTS

56 adolescent suicidal attempters (46 females, 10 males) with a mean age 13+2.5 yrs. were admitted to the Pediatric ward over a two year period. All but two of the pts. had used drugs to attempt suicide. The drugs used were previously prescribed by MDs to either the attempter or to a family member for illnesses. Table shows the drugs used by attempters: 14 patients used multiple drugs. 18/54 (14F, 4M) had altered consciousness on arrival to ER. Four of these were found unconscious either in school or in the street. The average hospitalization was 5.7 days (ranqe 2–40 days). All patients survived and were followed in adolescent clinic. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Most of the suicidal attempts in adolescents were druq induced. 2. In treating unconscious adolescents, suicidal attempts should be considered in the differential diagnosis. 3. A detailed history aimed to elicit drug treatment of the patient or family member may be helpful in identifying the drugs used by the attempter.
Laser ablation in temporomandibular joint disorders and a case report involving an ossifying fibroma: how optics could potentially advance treatments in oral and maxillofacial surgery

Introduction: In the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, there are many applications for lasers and optics. The first part of this manuscript is to discuss laser therapy and garner suggestions on how it can be improved. The second part is to present a case in which complications of a bone graft delayed healing and a return to normalcy for the patient. It is the goal of this paper to utilize the new advancements in optics so that patient care can be improved. Laser Therapy: Laser ablation and low-level laser therapy have been used in a variety of joint adhesion cases, including arthritis of the hand and foot. In the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, this method has been used to treat pain and mobility dysfunction in patients with temporomandibular joint disease. While the outcomes have been promising, lack of familiarity with the device or doubt about its effects have reduced its use. This reduction in use has left the actual process of laser therapy relatively unchanged. Case Presentation: A 28 year-old female presented for a mandibular resection due to an ossifying fibroma. In the next several months her reconstructed area displayed significant signs of infection, as well as graft failure. X-rays, unfortunately, did not display the actual metabolic activity. Although the patient was reconstructed successfully thereafter, with more advanced technology available the patient could have endured a more comfortable treatment. Conclusion: While there are many more areas of oral and maxillofacial surgery that could potentially benefit from advances in optical technology, we have chosen to highlight these two areas due to their prevalence within our community.
Observation of Mechanical Nyquist Noise in a Cryogenic Gravitational-Wave Antenna

A 680-kg, Weber-type, cylindrical, gravitational-wave detector has been operated at liquid helium temperature. The average vibrational energy in the lowest longitudinal mode at 1315.3 Hz was found to be consistent with the level of thermal noise at the antenna temperature. An effective noise temperature of 0.39 K for pulse excitation was measured. This is a factor of 20 below the lowest published values for room-temperature detectors.
Globalização e crise do estado nacional

The research studies the National State crisis in the context of the post-Cold War world. The research points out that this crisis is mainly related to the strength of new global institutions and the emergency of subnational organizations, both weakening the National State power and sovereignty. These changes are linked to the globalization process.
Acute hemorrhagic cholecystitis causing hemobilia and colonic necrosis

Hemorrhagic cholecystitis is an uncommon cause of hemobilia. A patient with hemorrhagic acalculous cholecystitis and erosion of a hematoma into the colon with fistula formation is reported and operative management is discussed.
Multiple phonemic restorations follow the rules for auditory induction.

Addition of noise to gaps produced by deletion of speech segments can result in both illusory continuity and increased intelligibility. Earlier findings suggest that the perceptual restoration of speech may represent a linguistic adaptation of a nonverbal phenomenon. “Auditory induction” permits perceptual synthesis of contextually appropriate sounds when deleted segments of a signal are replaced by a potential masker. In Experiment 1, when intelligible narrowband discourse was periodically interrupted by silence and by one of a number of bands of noise having different center frequencies, the illusory restoration of continuity was found to follow the spectral rules for nonverbal auditory induction. In Experiment 2, the durational limit of illusory continuity was determined for several types of broadband speech interrupted by broadband noise. The limiting duration was longest for normal discourse interrupted by noise and was equal to the average word duration of that stimulus. The results suggest that auditory induction becomes coupled with special linguistic mechanisms permitting perceptual synthesis of verbal components from noise, with the size of the segments dependent upon the extent of contextual information.
Estrogen response module of the mouse lactoferrin gene contains overlapping chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor and estrogen receptor-binding elements.

Transcription of the lactoferrin gene is stimulated by estrogen in mouse uterus. To study direct estrogen regulation of this gene at the molecular level, we cloned and analyzed the 5'-flanking region of the mouse lactoferrin gene. Sequence analysis revealed a putative estrogen-responsive element (ERE) overlapping with a chicken ovalbumin up-stream promoter (COUP) element located at position -349 to -329 from the transcription initiation site. The ERE element differed from the consensus ERE sequence by one nucleotide at the second position of the 3' half of the element (G to A); the COUP element differed by one nucleotide from the chicken COUP element. Synthetic oligonucleotide containing the mouse lactoferrin COUP/ERE element was inserted into the reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase vector, then transiently transfected into human endometrium carcinoma RL95-2 cells to assess hormone responsiveness. We found that the COUP/ERE element confers estrogen action to both homologous and heterologous promote...
Amplification and overexpression of oncogene Mdm2 and orphan receptor gene Nr1h4 in immortal PRKDC knockout cells.

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is required for the repair of double strand DNA breaks by nonhomologous DNA end joining. The catalytic subunit of DNA-PK, PRKDC, may also be involved in repair-related or separate cell signaling pathways. To learn more about the cellular function of DNA-PK under normal physiological conditions, we identified genes that are differentially expressed between an immortalized wild-type mouse fibroblast cell line and its DNA-PK-deficient counterpart (Prkdc−/−). The proto-oncogene Mdm2 and the farnesoid X receptor gene Nr1h4 were overexpressed in the DNA-PK-deficient cell line. We show that in the DNA-PK-deficient cell line the genes for both Mdm2 and Nr1h4 are amplified to a degree that could account for most, if not all, of their increased expression. Other genes were strongly downregulated in the DNA-PK-deficient cell line, but this opposite expression pattern was not due to gene amplification in the wild-type cells. None of these genes was differentially expressed in DNA-PK-containing and DNA-PK-deficient primary mouse embryo fibroblasts. Our results suggest a model in which DNA-PK indirectly affects the cellular gene expression profile through its caretaker role and by preventing gene amplification.
Acute appendicitis in a kidney-pancreas transplant recipient: report of a case.

The prompt diagnosis and management of acute surgical conditions in immunocompromised solid organ transplant recipients are of critical importance. These conditions may or may not be related or to the transplanted allograft(s). This is a case report of a 41-year-old women who received a simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant. Nine years after the transplant, she developed acute appendicitis with a periappendiceal abscess and a fecalith, and she was treated with percutaneous drainage of the abscess and eventual semielective appendectomy. This is the first known report of acute appendicitis in a pancreas allograft recipient in the English literature.
Quadrupole Phase Transitions in Magnetic Solids

We have studied the phase transitions of magnetic systems with large biquadratic interactions in the molecular-field approximation. Quadrupole and dipole phase transitions occur at different temperatures whenever the biquadratic interactions are greater than the bilinear terms for effective spin interactions with $\mathcal{S}g~\frac{3}{2}$. For isotropic or Ising-like interactions with $\mathcal{S}=1$ there is only a quadrupole phase transition when the biquadratic interactions are larger.
No correlation between serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecules (s-ICAM) and acute renal dysfunction following coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG)

Acute renal dysfunction is a common postoperative complication of CABG. Extracorporeal circulation induces an inflammatory response, causing the release of adhesion molecules by endothelial cells and leukocytes. These adhesion molecules are incriminated in the pathophysiology of renal dysfunction, but their relative importance is unknown. We investigated the relationship between levels of s-ICAM and renal dysfunction following CABG.
Mining the genome for combination therapies.

The evaluation of drug combinations for cancer treatment has progressed slowly through methodical clinical research. A new study examining gene expression profiles could signal a shift in the approach to combination therapy.
Classical behavior of large N fermionic systems

Abstract The large N limit of several fermionic systems in two dimensions is shown to be obtainable by doing classical mechanics. This generalizes results previously derived for bosonic models. For these types of theories, the reduction to a classical system of equations is closely related to the path integral quantization scheme of Dashen. Hasslacher and Neveu. Using this relationship, we are able to gain further insight into the workings of both approaches.
Site-Specific Insertion of 3-Aminotyrosine into Subunit α2 of E. coli Ribonucleotide Reductase: Direct Evidence for Involvement of Y730 and Y731 in Radical Propagation

E. coli ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the production of deoxynucleotides using complex radical chemistry. Active RNR is composed of a 1:1 complex of two subunits: α2 and β2. α2 binds nucleoside diphosphate substrates and deoxynucleotide/ATP allosteric effectors and is the site of nucleotide reduction. β2 contains the stable diiron tyrosyl radical (Y122·) cofactor that initiates deoxynucleotide formation. This process is proposed to involve reversible radical transfer over >35 A between the Y122· in β2 and C439 in the active site of α2. A docking model of α2β2, based on structures of the individual subunits, suggests that radical initiation involves a pathway of transient, aromatic amino acid radical intermediates, including Y730 and Y731 in α2. In this study the function of residues Y730 and Y731 is investigated by their site-specific replacement with 3-aminotyrosine (NH2Y). Using the in vivo suppressor tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase method, Y730NH2Y-α2 and Y731NH2Y-α2 have been generated with...
Endorphins may function in heat adaptation

Abstract Administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone to rats after acute or chronic heat exposure precipitates an increase in colonic temperature, an increase in escape attempts, and a decrease in body weight. These changes are accompanied by signs associated with hyperthermia such as salivation, diarrhea, and an abnormal extended posture. Although brain endorphin involvement is possible, hypophysectomy diminishes the intensity and magnitude of these naloxone effects, indicating that the naloxone effect in intact animals may be due to a functional antagonism of pituitary endorphins. These observations suggest that endorphins attenuate physiological responses to thermal and noxious stimuli triggered in common neuroanatomical pathways by heat.
Diagnosis of Wilms' tumor using near-infrared Raman spectroscopy

Abstract Purpose Raman spectroscopy has distinguished malignant from normal tissues in several types of cancer. This is the first report of applying Raman spectroscopy to the diagnosis of Wilms' tumor. Methods Specimens of normal kidney, Wilms' tumor, xanthogranuloma, nephrogenic rests, and rhabdoid tumor were collected fresh from the operating room. Specimens of Wilms' tumor, normal kidney, and congenital mesoblastic nephroma were retrieved from the cryobank and thawed to room temperature. At least 12 Raman spectra were collected from each tissue sample. Histologic slides of each specimen were reviewed by pediatric pathologists. A computer algorithm based on discriminant function analysis (DFA) classified the Raman spectra of Wilms' tumor and the normal sample. Results Four hundred sixty-seven spectra were collected from 41 specimens. Using DFA, Raman spectroscopy differentiated Wilms' tumor from normal with 100% sensitivity and specificity and treated from untreated Wilms' tumor with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Using a DFA model built from cryopreserved specimens but applied to fresh Wilms' and normal samples, the sensitivity and specificity were 93.3% and 90.9%, respectively. Conclusion Raman spectroscopy is an accurate technique for differentiating Wilms' tumor from normal kidney and treated from untreated Wilms' tumor. It has potential to diagnose in minutes what currently takes several hours to days.
Forecasting and Monetary Policy Analysis in Low-Income Countries: Food and non-Food Inflation in Kenya

We develop a semi-structural new-Keynesian open-economy model, with separate food and non-food inflation dynamics, for forecasting and monetary policy analysis in low-income countries and apply it to Kenya. We use the model to run several policy-relevant exercises. First, we filter international and Kenyan data (on output, inflation and its components, exchange rates and interest rates) to recover a model-based decomposition of most variables into trends (or potential values) and temporary movements (or gaps) — including for the international and domestic relative price of food. Second, we use the filtration exercise to recover the sequence of domestic and foreign macroeconomic shocks that account for business cycle dynamics in Kenya over the last few years, with a special emphasis on the various factors (international food prices, monetary policy) driving inflation. Third, we perform an out-of-sample forecast to identify where the economy — and therefore policy — was likely headed given the inflationary pressures at the end of our sample (2011Q2). We find that while imported food price shocks have been an important source of inflation, both in 2008 and more recently, accommodating monetary policy has also played a role, most notably through its effect on the nominal exchange rate. The model correctly predicted that a policy tightening was required, although the actual interest rate increase was larger. We discuss implications for the use of model-based policy analysis in low income countries.
The maternal pheromone of the rat: Identity and functional significance

Abstract It is well known that the maternally-behaving female rat carries in her feces a pheromone that strongly attacts pre-weanling young. We addressed the question of what that pheromone might be and what adaptive benefits the young might gain from responding to it. We hypothesize and present supporting evidence that the pheromone is some transformation product of cholic acid synthesized in the cecum through the action of cecal bacteria. Moreover, we contend that in responding to the pheromone and in consuming maternal feces, the young ingest bile acids which both protect against necrotizing enterocolitis and aid in brain development.
Sex, gender, and the work-to-family interface:exploring negative and positive interdependencies

This study of full-time managers and professionals examined whether variables selected from theories of the psychology of gender as well as identity, boundary, and role theories explained effects of sex on work-to-family conflict and “positive spillover.” Women experienced higher positive spillover than men, primarily because they were higher in femininity. Although women did not experience different levels of conflict than men, individuals who scored higher on measured family role salience, which was positively related to femininity, experienced lower levels of conflict. Role segmentation not only reduced conflict but also had the unintended consequence of reducing positive spillover.
Design of a model reference adaptive controller for vehicle road following

The design of a model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) for vehicle road following is discussed. There are many factors which make automatic lateral control of vehicles difficult. These include changing vehicle parameters, changing road conditions, as well as disturbances caused by wind and other factors. Traditional controllers have difficulty guaranteeing performance and stability over a wide range of parameter changes. Model reference adaptive controllers on the other hand, can guarantee both stability and performance over a wide range of slowly varying parameter changes as long as several conditions are met. Difficulties with model reference adaptive controllers (as well as other controllers) arise when saturation appears on the input or states. For vehicle applications, the steering angle is limited. Therefore, the adaptation gains for the MRAC designed in this paper were chosen so that the steering command remained reasonable, even during adaptation. We finally show that there is a tradeoff regarding input amplitude and input frequency during adaptation.
Finite impulse response (FIR) filters to simulate response of an antenna

This paper discusses the design of finite impulse (FIR) filters to simulate the response of an antenna. It was shown that one can use Fourier transform on the available antenna response at discrete frequencies to obtain the filter coefficients. Also, one can improve on the filter design by using a time domain or a frequency domain window function. A frequency domain window function performs better than a time domain window function.
Vibration-rotation interaction in the microwave spectrum of cyclopentene

Abstract The microwave spectrum of cyclopentene has been reinvestigated. The large deviations of frequencies from those expected for a rigid rotor, initially accounted for by anomalously large centrifugal distortion constants, have been explained in terms of a vibration-rotation interaction involving the out-of-plane bending motion. The observed frequencies for low J transitions have been fitted without centrifugal distortion, assuming the lowest inversion doublets to be separated by 0.91 cm −1 . Close examination of the Stark effect sets an upper limit for the inversion doubling of 0.95 cm −1 and a lower limit for μ c of 0.05 D. Assignment of R branch transitions has been made for the v = 2 and 3 states of the out-of-plane bending vibration, determining all rotational constants for the ground state and first three vibrational states. The K = 2 ← 3 Q branches for the ground state and first four excited states of the bending vibration have been assigned.
Low-Overhead Self-Healing Methodology for Current Matching in Current-Steering DAC

In this brief, a low-overhead self-healing method for current matching in current-steering digital-to-analog converters (CS-DACs) is demonstrated. In contrast to traditional calibration methods that adjust current values, a statistical element selection (SES) algorithm optimizes the selection of unary current cells via combinatorial redundancy. This SES-based self-healing method relaxes the matching requirements for the current source array and achieves high static linearity at a minimum overhead cost of one current comparator and one digital controller. Moreover, this proposed low-overhead method is fully compatible with other segmented CS-DAC designs. A 14-bit CS-DAC design with on-chip self-healing control loop was implemented in 130-nm CMOS technology to demonstrate the proposed approach. The core area of the prototype chip was measured as 0.9 $\mbox{mm}^2$ , with less than 0.1 $\mbox{mm} ^2$ occupied by the current source array. After self-healing, the INLmax was measured as 0.64 least significant bit and spurious-free dynamic range was 85 dB for a 2-MHz input signal at 200-MS/s sampling rate.
Topological spaces containing compact perfect sets and prohorov spaces

Abstract Let X be a Suslin-Borel set in a compact space. It is proved that X is either σ-scattered or contains a compact perfect set. If X is first countable, the result remains valid when X is a Suslin-Borel set in a Prohorov space. It is also proved that every first countable Prohorov space is a Baire space.
Robust detection of hyper-local events from geotagged social media data

An increasing number of location-annotated content available from social media channels like Twitter, Instagram, Foursquare and others are reflecting users' local activities and their attention like never before. In particular, we now have enough available data to start extracting real-time local information from social media. In this paper, we focus on the problem of hyper-local event detection, with the goal of enabling a monitoring and alerts system for public management officers, journalists and other users. We present a method for real-time hyper-local event detection from Instagram photos data, using two computational steps. We first use time series analysis to detect abnormal signals in a small region. We then use a classifier to decide if the detected activity corresponds to an actual event. Testing on a large-scale dataset of New York City photos, our system detects hyper-local events with high accuracy.
Adolescent experiences of violence and relation to violence perpetration beyond young adulthood among an urban sample of Black and African American males.

The purpose of this study is to determine if experiences of physical violence during early and late adolescence (12–21 years) places urban Black males at increased risk for interpersonal violence perpetration beyond young adulthood (30 years and older). Participants of this cross-sectional study were Black and African American men (N = 455) between the ages of 30 and 65 years, recruited from four urban clinical sites in the Northeast. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the relation of adolescent experiences of violence to: (1) past 6 month street violence involvement and (2) past year intimate partner violence perpetration. Ten percent of the sample reported that they experienced adolescent victimization. Men reporting adolescent victimization were significantly more likely to report past 6-month street violence involvement (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 3.2, 95 % CI = 1.7–6.3) and past 6 month intimate partner violence perpetration (AOR = 2.8, 95 % CI = 1.8–5.4) compared to men who did not report such victimization. Study findings suggest that in order to prevent adulthood perpetration of violence, more work is needed to address experiences of victimization among young Black males, particularly violence experienced during adolescence.
Gender differences in DSM-IV alcohol use disorders and major depression as distributed in the general population : Clinical implications

This study examined gender differences within and between five groups of subjects drawn from a large representative sample of the United States population and classified as having either major depression (MDD) only, alcohol use disorder (AUD) only, or primary, secondary, or concurrent depression to determine if these diagnostic profiles (1) were consistent with those drawn on clinical samples and (2) might suggest potential clinical implications. Respondents (N = 9,985) from a nationally representative survey of the United States population met DSM-IV criteria for classification into these five mutually exclusive groups that were compared within and between groups by gender on the characteristics of each disorder. The results were consistent with those of other studies: (1) gender distributions of AUD and depressive disorder remain almost mirror opposites, and (2) comorbid disorders are more severe than either of the conditions appearing singly. Findings of particular interest were that the synergistic effects of an alcohol and a depressive condition operate equally for both men and women with concurrent depression. This points to the necessity of attending carefully to gender biases when dealing with comorbid conditions, last we fail to take alcoholism in the presence of depression seriously enough in women and vice versa in men. Additionally, women with primary depression are at high risk for suicide and thus may require special attention in the evaluative phase of treatment.