cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spiral galaxy found hidden behind Milky Way

For many years the disc of the Milky Way, the galaxy containing our solar system, has obscured about a fifth of the extragalactic sky from Earth-bound telescopes. Now a team of astronomers from the Netherlands, the UK and the US has peered through the gas and dust of the Milky Way to discover a large nearby spiral galaxy. The galaxy, which was discovered during a deliberate search of this obscured part of the universe using the Dwingeloo 25 m radio telescope in the Netherlands, has been christened Dwingeloo 1 (R C Kraan-Korteweg et al. 1994 Nature373 77).
Complete Genome Sequence of the Acetylene-Fermenting Pelobacter sp. Strain SFB93.

ABSTRACT Acetylene fermentation is a rare metabolism that was previously reported as being unique to Pelobacter acetylenicus. Here, we report the genome sequence of Pelobacter sp. strain SFB93, an acetylene-fermenting bacterium isolated from sediments collected in San Francisco Bay, CA.
Current Endoluminal Approaches: Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery, Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery and Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision

Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) and transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS), collectively known as transanal endoscopic surgery (TES), are current endoluminal approaches for transanal resection of rectal lesions. Transanal total mesorectal excision or taTME was recently introduced as a novel transanal endoscopic approach to traditional total mesorectal excision (TME). Recent series have demonstrated its feasibility and procedural safety profile with acceptable preliminary oncologic and short-term postoperative outcomes relative to laparoscopic TME. In this chapter, current indications and contraindications for TES and taTME will be reviewed. The essentials of preoperative preparation and staging will be discussed as well as current surgical techniques, pearls, and pitfalls associated with TES and taTME. Furthermore, review of the published outcomes for these various approaches with respect to oncologic outcomes, functional results, and morbidity and mortality will be examined.
The Production of Platelet-Activating Factor by Cultured Human Endothelial Cells: Regulation and Function

Under usual physiological conditions, the vascular endothelium must present a nonthrombogenic surface to the blood to prevent diffuse thrombosis (reviewed by Gingrich and Hoak, 1979). The mechanism(s) for this characteristic of endothelial cells has not been elucidated and is the subject of intense investigation. However, there are other circumstances in which the rapid, specific attraction of blood cells to the endothelium is essential to maintain vascular integrity and to respond to extra-vascular events. In the first instance, damage to the endothelium must be repaired to prevent hemorrhage and exudation. Clinical observations and studies of organ perfusion in vitro (Gimbrone et al., 1969; Kitchens and Weiss, 1975) have provided compelling evidence that platelets are critical in maintaining vascular integrity under basal conditions. These observations suggest that platelets interact with the endothelial cells continuously in vivo. With respect to the second situation, circulating leukocytes bind to the end othelium (margination) in response to appropriate soluble stimuli (reviewed by Harlan, 1985) and emigrate from the vasculature to sites of inflammation such as infection. The latter response must involve a specific targeting mechanism, which presumably would include the endothelium, to attract leukocytes to the appropriate sites. Accordingly, the recently described production of procoagulant activities [e.g., coagulation factors (Rodgers and Shuman, 1983) and glycoproteins similar to platelet adhesive molecules (Fitzgerald et al., 1985)] and chemotactic factors [e.g., platelet-derived growth factor (DiCorleto and Bowen-Pope, 1983)] by endothelium may be viewed as homeostatic responses.
Epiluminescent Microscopy Predicts the Efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light Treatments in Asian Skin

Introduction:Facial dyschromias, particularly in Asian skin, represent a challenge to cosmetic surgeons. Intense pulsed light (IPL) has been reported to clear a number of pigmentary alterations, bu...
Two-stage stochastic semidefinite programming and decomposition based interior point methods

We introduce two-stage stochastic semidefinite programs with recourse and present a Benders decomposition based linearly convergent interior point algorithms to solve them. This extends the results in Zhao [16] wherein it was shown that the logarithmic barrier associated with the recourse function of two-stage stochastic linear programs with recourse behaves as a strongly self-concordant barrier on the first stage solutions. In this paper we develop the necessary theory. A companion paper [8] addresses implementation issues for the theoretical algorithms of this paper.
Relationships between motivational strategies and cognitive learning in distance education courses

AbstractThis study examines the relationships between students’ academic levels, the use of motivational regulation strategies, and cognitive learning strategies. A total of 141 undergraduate and graduate students enrolled in online distance courses participated in the study. The findings show that students use different motivational regulation strategies and cognitive learning strategies depending on their academic levels. Additionally, hierarchical regression analyses using two dependent variables (i.e., surface level learning strategy and deep processing level learning strategy) indicate that a surface level learning strategy (i.e., rehearsal) and deep processing level strategies (i.e., elaboration, organization, and critical thinking) are predicted by different sets of motivational regulation strategies after controlling for academic level and age. The results provide distance educators and instructional designers with practical suggestions on how to support undergraduate and graduate students’ motiva...
Keratoconus Screening in Elementary School Children

Keratoconus is a degenerative structural disease of the cornea. Progression leads to poor acuity that is not easily correctable by standard means. New treatments, such as collagen cross-linking, lead to better long-term outcomes if performed early in the disease course. Currently, children in the USA are screened for acuity in school, but not for keratoconus. Due to the severity of the disease in children, we recommend topographic screening in elementary schools as a way to provide early detection and treatment.Funding Research to Prevent Blindness provided funding for the Rapid Service Fees.
Enhancing Communication for People in Late-Stage ALS Using an fNIRS-Based BCI System

Objective: Brain-computer interface (BCI) based communication remains a challenge for people with later-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) who lose all voluntary muscle control. Although recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to successfully control BCIs primarily for healthy cohorts, these systems are yet inefficient for people with severe motor disabilities like ALS. In this study, we developed a new fNIRS-based BCI system in concert with a single-trial Visuo-Mental (VM) paradigm to investigate the feasibility of enhanced communication for ALS patients, particularly those in the later stages of the disease. Methods: In the first part of the study, we recorded data from six ALS patients using our proposed protocol (fNIRS-VM) and compared the results with the conventional electroencephalography (EEG)-based multi-trial P3Speller (P3S). In the second part, we recorded longitudinal data from one patient in the late locked-in state (LIS) who had fully lost eye-gaze control. Using statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and correlation analysis, the optimal channels and hemodynamic features were selected and used in linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Results: Over all the subjects, we obtained an average accuracy of 81.3%±5.7% within comparatively short times (< 4 sec) in the fNIRS-VM protocol relative to an average accuracy of 74.0%±8.9% in the P3S, though not competitive in patients with no substantial visual problems. Our longitudinal analysis showed substantially superior accuracy using the proposed fNIRS-VM protocol (73.2%±2.0%) over the P3S (61.8%±1.5%). Significance: Our findings indicate the potential efficacy of our proposed system for communication and control for late-stage ALS patients.
Black, pinto and white beans lower hepatic lipids in hamsters fed high fat diets by excretion of bile acids

Hypolipidemic and anti-obesity properties of extruded black, pinto and white beans were examined in male Syrian hamsters fed high fat diets for 3 weeks. The efficiency and effectiveness of extruder processing to eliminate heat-labile antinutrients were also determined. Hamsters fed a high fat diet containing 40% extruded black beans gained the same amount of weight as animals on a low-fat chow diet (based on AIN-93G). Total plasma cholesterol of the hamsters fed bean flour- based diets tended to be lower, ranging between 298 and 356 mg/dL, compared to 365 mg/dL for the control group and total and free liver cholesterol was about 50 and 33% lower, respectively, in the livers (freeze-dried) of hamsters fed the black turtle bean (BB) and pinto bean (PB) diets. The nitrogen content of the feces from hamsters fed the PB and white bean (WB) diets were 2.6x higher than the control and the excretion of deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA) was higher in all legume fed hamsters The results show that extrusion efficiently and economically reduces anti-nutritive factors that inhibit the digestion and absorption of proteins and carbohydrates.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Titan's near-surface atmosphere: Convective turbulence and flow over dunes with application to Huygens and Dragonfly

Abstract The planetary boundary layer (PBL) on Titan is modeled using large-eddy simulation (LES) to quantify the turbulence structures and statistics in the atmospheric surface layer. The results at three different stability states over a flat surface indicate similar velocity fluctuations to the limited observations taken by the Huygens probe during descent, and are much weaker than those characteristic of the convective PBL on Earth and Mars. Additionally, turbulence statistics are calculated using topographical configurations representative of Titan’s dunes, thereby quantifying the acceleration of the mean flow over the dune crest. The resolution available with the LES is relevant for future science missions to Titan, including the Dragonfly rotorcraft lander recently selected for the NASA New Frontiers program.
Internally Noisy Cortical Processing Underlies Failures to Perceive Sounds in External Noise

SUMMARYCorrelational evidence in humans suggests that specific difficulties hearing in noisy, social settings may reflect premature auditory nerve degeneration. Here, we partially eliminated cochlear afferent neurons in mice and found direct behavioral evidence for selective detection deficits in background noise. To identify central determinants for this perceptual disorder, we tracked daily changes in ensembles of auditory cortex parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons and surrounding pyramidal neurons with chronic two-photon calcium imaging. Primary auditory neuropathy (PAN) tipped the cortical excitatory-inhibitory balance towards net hyperactivity, elevated correlated activity, and disrupted adaptation to background noise. In control conditions, layer 2/3 ensemble encoding of the target sound could accurately classify hit or miss trials in background noise. After PAN, miss trials in background noise were instead predicted from random surges of synchronized activity occurring prior to target onset. These data reveal sources of internal cortical noise underlying failures to perceive sounds in external noise.
Quasi-phase-matched electric-field-induced optical parametric amplification in xenon-filled hollow-core fibers

Coherent light sources in the short- and mid-wave infrared spectral regions have many applications. We introduce a compact, hollow core fiber-based, quasi-phase-matched, electric field induced optical parametric amplifier (OPA). We numerically and analytically compute the spatially varying electrostatic fields within the pressurized xenon-filled core, which result from patterned electrodes with modulated voltages. We incorporate electrostatic fields, numerically modeled fiber transmission, and voltage thresholds into high fidelity modeling of OPA conversion efficiency. The required tens of meters of fiber are wrapped between two concentric cylinders printed with electrodes for experimental characterization of the OPA design.
Racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric cancer incidence among children and young adults in the United States by single year of age.

Background Incidence rates of pediatric cancers in the United States are typically reported in 5-year age groups, obscuring variation by single year of age. Additionally, racial and ethnic variation in incidence is typically presented in broad categories rather than by narrow age ranges. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 18 data (2000-2017) were examined to calculate frequencies and age-adjusted incidence rates among individuals aged birth to 39 years. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated as the measure of association for rate comparisons by race and Hispanic origin overall and by single year of age. Results Several histologic types showed substantial variation in race/ethnicity-specific and overall rates by single year of age. Overall, Black children and young adults experienced substantially decreased incidence of acute lymphoid leukemia (IRR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.49-0.55) compared to Whites, and this decreased incidence was strongest at ages 1 through 7 years and 16 through 20 years. Hispanic individuals experienced decreased overall incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma (IRR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.48-0.52) and astrocytoma (IRR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.52-0.56) and increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (IRR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.42-1.51) compared to non-Hispanic Whites, and the increased risk was strongest at ages 10 through 23 years. Substantial decreased risk across many tumor types was also observed for Asian/Pacific Islanders and American Indian/Alaska Natives. Conclusions Examination of incidence rates for pediatric cancers by narrow age groups may provide insights regarding etiological differences in subgroups. Additionally, variation in age-specific incidence rates by race and ethnicity may enable hypothesis generation on drivers of disparities observed.
Cardiovascular disease in lupus

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Noncoronary cardiac involvement occurs in up to 40% of lupus patients. Increased atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke are also significantly increased in SLE patients when compared to age-matched healthy controls. Accumulated research suggests that higher cardiovascular disease risk can be attributed to both increased SLE-specific chronic inflammation and traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Lupus nephritis, antiphospholipid antibodies, and altered cholesterol function appear to be SLE-specific risk factors. Multiple research groups are working to identify biomarkers, including specific immune cell subtypes and cytokines, to predict which SLE patients are at greater risk of cardiovascular disease. The effects of current lupus therapeutics are discussed in a cardiovascular disease-specific context, and recommendations for cardiovascular risk-management strategies are provided.
Feasibility and efficacy of a physical activity intervention for managing restless legs syndrome in multiple sclerosis: Results of a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Background This pilot randomized controlled trial examined the feasibility and efficacy of a physical activity behavior change intervention for improving restless legs syndrome (RLS) severity and secondary sleep outcomes among a sample of adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Participants with MS(N=15) were randomly assigned into intervention(n=8) or waitlist control(n=7) conditions. The physical activity intervention was delivered over a 16-week period and outcomes were assessed at baseline and immediately following the 16-week period in both conditions. Results There was a significant, positive effect of the intervention on overall RLS severity (p=.01;ηρ2=.43), severity during the night(p=.03,ηρ2=.35), severity during the day while resting(p=.01,ηρ2=.44), and severity during the day while active(p Conclusions We provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility and efficacy of a physical activity intervention for reducing RLS severity and potentially improving self-reported sleep outcomes in adults with MS. ClinicalTrials.gov Identification Number NCT04061681
A comprehensive analysis of cerebellar volumes in the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Abstract: Background The presence of a 22q11.2 microdeletion (22q11DS) ranks among the greatest known genetic risk factors for the development of psychotic disorders. There is emerging evidence that the cerebellum is important in the pathophysiology of psychosis. However, there is currently limited information on cerebellar neuroanatomy in 22q11DS specifically. Methods High-resolution 3T MRI was acquired in seventy-nine individuals with 22q11DS and seventy typically developing (TD) controls (N=149). Lobar and lobule-level cerebellar volumes were estimated using validated automated segmentation algorithms, and subsequently group differences were compared. Hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis, and graph theoretical models were used to explore inter-cerebellar relationships. Cerebro-cerebellar structural connectivity with cortical thickness was examined via linear regression models. Results Individuals with 22q11DS had, on average, 17.3% smaller total cerebellar volumes relative to TD (p-value Conclusions The cerebellum is a critical but understudied component of the 22q11DS neuroendophenotype.
Fast embedding of sparse music similarity graphs

This paper applies fast sparse multidimensional scaling (MDS) to a large graph of music similarity, with 267K vertices that represent artists, albums, and tracks; and 3.22M edges that represent similarity between those entities. Once vertices are assigned locations in a Euclidean space, the locations can be used to browse music and to generate playlists. MDS on very large sparse graphs can be effectively performed by a family of algorithms called Rectangular Dijsktra (RD) MDS algorithms. These RD algorithms operate on a dense rectangular slice of the distance matrix, created by calling Dijsktra a constant number of times. Two RD algorithms are compared: Landmark MDS, which uses the Nystrom approximation to perform MDS; and a new algorithm called Fast Sparse Embedding, which uses FastMap. These algorithms compare favorably to Laplacian Eigenmaps, both in terms of speed and embedding quality.
Development and characterization of a multi-drug resistant Her-2/neu positive breast cancer cell line (58.6)

Research has shown that ~ 25% - 30% breast cancers overexpress Her-2/neu receptor. The major problem in the management of Her-2/neu overexpressed breast cancer is its multi-drug resistantce (MDR). P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated MDR has been recognized as one of the major mechanisms in drug resistance in breast cancer. Therefore, developing a breast cancer cell line with both Her-2/neu and MDR positive becomes necessary. Dual positive breast cancer cell line was developed by transfection of the multidrug resistance gene (MDR1 gene) to human breast carcinoma cell line BT-474 (Her-2/neu +), followed by selection on clochicine. The presence of membrane protein Her-2 and P-gp were tested by immunohistochemical methods. The multidrug resistance was tested by the treatment efficacy of doxorubicin. The overexpression of p-glycoprotein in multidrug resistant cells and the presence of membrane protein Her-2 were confirmed by immunocytochemistry staining as well as Western Blot. Fluorescence imaging study showed tha...
Temperatura superficial del mar de satélites NOAA y captación de semilla de Argopecten purpuratus en Bahía Inglesa, Chile

Se analiza la relacion entre la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) y los rendimientos en la captacion de semilla de Argopecten purpuratus en Bahia Inglesa, Chile (27°07'S-70°54'W). La TSM del area de captacion se estima a partir de datos de satelites NOAA. Se deduce un modelo de regresion exponencial que relaciona dichos rendimientos con la TSM de tres meses previos (R2=74%)
The Need for Photovoltaic Unit Operations Experimentation

In order to develop a rational design for commercial scale manufacture of thin-film photovoltaic cells, a process engineering research effort must be coordinated with the bench scale experiments which focus on basic physics, materials science, and device engineering. From the viewpoint of manufacturing, the photovoltaic cell needs to be considered as both a chemical product and an electronic device. A process for manufacturing solar cells, which is both economical and reliable, must be capable of producing millions of square meters per year. The scale of such an operation is similar in technical, capital, and labor requirements to facilities for production of commodity chemicals such as methanol and ethylene.
Flip-chip on FR-4 integrated circuit packaging

Technology advances have made it possible to extend the IBM C4 (Controlled Collapse Chip Connection) IC attachment method, also known as flip-chip, to printed circuit boards with low-cost dielectrics, such as FR-4. This new technology is referred to as Flip Chip Attach (FCA). In the past, C4 attachment had been limited to ceramic substrates due to the high temperature (360/spl deg/C) required to renew the low tin solder on the chips, and the need for the substrate to have its thermal expansion relatively closely matched to that of the silicon chip. The development of methods to deposit uniform, small (approximately 1/spl times/10/sup -3/ mm/sup 3/) volumes of eutectic tin/lead solder on printed circuit cards has allowed C4 bumped chips to be reflow soldered to the cards using standard SMT joining time/temperature profiles. The high melt (3-5% tin, balance lead) solder bump on the chip is used simply as a solder wettable device lead in this case. The resulting solder joint is not a true controlled collapse joint, but the process still maintains the self-aligning characteristic of C4, due to the surface tension of the molten eutectic solder and the low mass of the chip. The other enabling technology development for FCA is the use of a controlled expansion epoxy encapsulant between the chip and the substrate to minimize the cyclic strain on the solder joints induced by thermal expansion mismatch between the silicon chip and the FR-4 card. Without the use of such an encapsulant, the thermal cycle fatigue life of the FCA joints would be totally unacceptable, and the technology would be useless. In this paper we will explain how the enabling technologies work to make FCA a viable packaging method, and present reliability data for several different chips using FCA packaging. >
Voice disorders in the elderly: A national database study.

Objectives/Hypothesis To determine the type, frequency, and factors associated with voice disorders in the elderly. Study Design Retrospective analysis of data from a large national administrative US claims database. Methods Elderly outpatients (>65 years old) with a laryngeal/voice disorder (LVD) diagnosis based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2008, seen by an otolaryngologist or primary care physician (PCP) were included. Data regarding age, gender, comorbid conditions, geographic location, employment history, and type of physician providing the diagnosis were collected, and multiple logistic regression was used to determine the influence of these factors in otolaryngologist-determined LVD diagnoses. Results Of the almost 55 million individuals in the database, 60,773 unique patients (mean age = 74.9 years, standard deviation = 6.6 years, range = 65–105 years) had an encounter with a PCP or otolaryngologist and received an LVD diagnosis. The most frequent diagnoses overall were acute and chronic laryngitis, nonspecific dysphonia, and benign vocal fold lesions. PCPs more commonly diagnosed acute laryngitis, whereas otolaryngologists more commonly diagnosed nonspecific dysphonia and laryngeal changes/lesions. In the otolaryngology group, odds of nonspecific dysphonia and vocal fold paralysis/paresis diagnoses increased with advancing age, whereas benign laryngeal pathology, and acute and chronic laryngitis decreased. As compared to men, women had lower odds of paralysis/paresis and laryngeal cancer but higher odds of acute laryngitis and nonspecific dysphonia. Odds of specific LVDs also varied depending upon comorbid conditions and geographic location. Conclusions Age, gender, comorbid conditions, geographic location, and physician type were significantly associated with specific LVD diagnoses within the elderly. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 2015
Structural changes along and above the yrast line of /sup 154/Dy

States in $^{154}\mathrm{Dy}$ have been located up to ${I}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={48}^{+}$ and their lifetimes measured. Marked structural changes occur along the yrast line with a transition from prolate to oblate shape, followed by an unexpected return to moderate collectivity at the highest spins. Structural changes with increasing energy above the yrast line are also observed.
Tapered Block Copolymers Containing Ethylene and a Functionalized Comonomer

We report the synthesis of tapered block copolymers of ethylene with 5-norbornen-2-yl acetate (1) by the nickel catalyst system [N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenylimino)propanamide] Ni(η1-CH2Ph)(PMe3) (2) and Ni(COD)2 (bis(1,4-cyclooctadiene)nickel). This technique utilizes a one-pot semibatch copolymerization in which ethylene is continuously added while 1 is depleted by incorporation into the polymer chain. The simplicity of this technique allows the construction of a polymer library, which enabled us to study the effect of polymer composition and chain length on solid-state morphology and mechanical and thermal properties. From these studies we were able to derive a profile relating the probability of 1 insertion vs degree of polymerization (Xn). Under proper experimental conditions, these tapered polymers form ordered microphase-separated morphologies where the phase morphology is modulated by the polymer chain length. The percent crystallinity and storage modulus of the polymers were ...
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

Abstract Kinetic studies have been performed on the appearance of 14 C in free amino acid pools and in the amino acid moieties of protein in Chlorella pyrenoidosa during steady-state photosynthesis with 14 CO 2 . At the same time, we have determined the total concentrations of free and bound amino acids, permitting us to calculate the specific radioactivity of the free and bound pools of certain primary amino acids. Comparison of the specific activities of the free amino acids pools with the rate of 14 C-labeling of the corresponding pools of bound amino acids shows that there is a direct kinetic precursor-product relationship between the actively-turning-over pools of free amino acids and the bound amino acids in the protein. In the case of certain amino acids, notably glycine, the actively-turning-over pool of free amino acid is very small, leading to “saturation” when the average specific activity of the entire free amino acid pool of glycine is only 0.015. The total rate of labeling with 14 C of the bound amino acids in protein appears to account for only a fraction of the steady-state rate of labeling of the free amino acid pools. Explanations are offered for the apparent discrepany.
Sleep Disturbances in Parkinson's Disease With Emphasis on Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

Sleep disturbances are common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). These disturbances can primarily affect the patient's quality of life and may worsen the symptoms of PD. Among the multiple sleep disturbances in PD patients, there has been a marked growing interest in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD). This is likely due to the fact that RBD has been proven to precede the motor symptoms of PD by many years. The aim of this article is to examine the sleep disturbances found in PD, with special attention to RBD as a premotor symptom of PD, as well as to assess its proposed related pathophysiology. MEDLINE (1966-March 2010), American Academy of Sleep Medicine's, The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, and current textbooks of sleep medicine were searched for relevant information. Search terms: RBD, sleep disturbances, Parkinson's disease, and pre-motor were used. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep attack, insomnia, restless leg syndrome (RLS), sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and RBD are sleep disturbances commonly found in the literature related to PD. Sleep benefit has been proven to lessen PD motor symptoms. RBD has been described as a premotor symptom of PD in several prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional studies. Sleep disturbances in PD can result secondarily to natural disease progression, as a side effect of the medications used in PD, or in result of pre-clinical pathology. Treatment of sleep disturbances in PD patients is crucial, as what is termed as, "sleep benefit effect" has been shown to improve the symptoms of PD.
Paraplegia following intrathecal chemotherapy.

A case report and review of the literature of paraplegia following intrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside is presented. Autopsy identified damage to the spinal nerve roots within the subarachnoid space, which accounted for the neurologic deficit. The only substances common to both chemotherapeutic agents were their preservatives, methylhydroxybenzoate and benzyl alcohol, which were used, in the diluent. Prolonged exposure to these preservatives is known to cause severe neurotoxicity. Though the specific agent responsible for paraplegia following intrathecal chemotherapy is unknown, there is evidence to suggest that the preservatives rather than the therapeutic agents themselves are responsible.
Primary gastric chorioadenocarcinoma: a needle in a haystack

Primary gastric chorioadenocarcinoma (PGC) is an exceedingly rare neoplasm which is often misdiagnosed as gastric adenocarcinoma at presentation. A markedly elevated serum beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (Beta HCG) level is a characteristic feature of this tumor. A 44 year old white male presented with generalized abdominal pain and fullness, tarry black stools and weight loss of 3 months duration. Medical work-up including imaging with CT scans revealed the presence of a gastric mass and multiple liver metastases. Tumor markers were significant for a Betahuman chorionic gonadotrophin (Beta HCG) of 23717.5 MIU/ML. Scrotal ultrasound did not show the presence of a testicular mass. Upper GI endoscopy with biopsy was positive for a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with Beta HCG staining on immunohistochemistry. The patient was diagnosed with metastatic PGC. He received four cycles of chemotherapy with Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatinum. At the end of the fourth cycle, Beta HCG was 23 MIU/ML. CT scan for restaging, however showed an increase in the size of the metastatic lesions. The patient subsequently became profoundly pancytopenic, developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and expired 12 months after initial presentation. PGC genetically and morphologically represents an adenocarcinoma and a choriocarcinoma. The significance of an elevated serum Beta HCG is controversial and it may have a role in evaluating response to treatment and tumor recurrence. Curative resection, appropriate chemotherapy and the absence of metastatic lesions is associated with improved survival. Hence, a high index of suspicion must be maintained to diagnose this tumor correctly at presentation and tailor therapy accordingly.
Direct write 3-dimensional nanopatterning using probes

A high-resolution probe based patterning method is presented using organic resists that respond to the presence of a hot tip by local material desorption. Thereby arbitrarily shaped patterns can be written in the organic films in the form of a topographic relief. The patterning process is highly reproducible and repeatable enabling the creation complex relief structures with arbitrary texture also in the vertical dimension. The patterns can be readily transferred into silicon using standard RIE technology. The new technique offers a cost-effective and competitive alternative to high-resolution electron-beam lithography in terms of both resolution and speed.
ELECTROMAGNETIC PROBING OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE.

Abstract With the initiative of its President, Samuel Silver, the International Union for Radio Science (URSI) established a Working Group in the spring of 1968 to make a critical study of electromagnetic probing of the upper atmosphere. The purposes of the study were to reexamine the theoretical grounds upon which the probing techniques depend, to assess the current limits of observational practices, to compare the results obtained by various techniques, to comment on the existence of, or need for, networks of observing stations, and to consider the relevance of the probing techniques to aeronomy. This paper and that of H. G. Booker on the intercomparison of techniques, plus the manuscripts prepared on behalf of the eleven working parties that follow, comprise the report of the Working Group. The members of the Working Group are listed in the footnote. Each member of the Working Group organized and chaired a working party. ∗ During the course of the study, the members of the Working Group were particularly stimulated by J. Sayers discussions and understanding of the problems associated with in situ probes, were concerned about the small number of, but important need for, meaningful intercomparisons of different techniques, were impressed by the important roles of rocket-borne probes in the height interval 70–100 km and of the incoherent scatter technique above 100 km to provide the observations needed to attack the outstanding problems in aeronomy, and were concerned about the lack of suitable probes below about 70 km.
LIPIDS OF CURED CENTENNIAL SWEET POTATOES

SUMMARY –Lipids isolated from cured Centennial sweet potatoes were identified and quantitated by a combination of column and thin layer chromatography. These lipids were shown to consist of 42.1% neutral lipids, 30.8% glycolipids and 27.1% phospholipids. Triglycerides and steryl esters were the major lipids of the neutral fraction. Among the phospholipids, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl inositol were the most abundant. Galactolipids and the steryl glucosides were also present. The predominant fatty acids were stearic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic.
Foundational aspects of theories of measurement

It is a scientific platitude that there can be neither precise control nor prediction of phenomena without measurement. Disciplines as diverse as cosmology and social psychology provide evidence that it is nearly useless to have an exactly formulated quantitative theory, if empirically feasible methods of measurement cannot be developed for a substantial portion of the quantitative concepts of the theory. Given a physical concept like that of mass or a psychological concept like that of habit strength, the point of a theory of measurement is to lay bare the structure of a collection of empirical relations which may be used to measure the characteristic of empirical phenomena-corresponding to the concept. Why a collection of relations? From an abstract standpoint, a set of empirical data consists of a collection of relations between specified objects. For example, data on the relative weights of a set of physical objects are easily represented by an ordering relation on the set; additional data, and a fortiori an additional relation, are needed to yield a satisfactory quantitative measurement of the masses of the objects.
On the role of artificial viscosity in Navier-Stokes solvers

A method is proposed to determine directly the amount of artificial viscosity needed for stability using an eigenvalue analysis for a finite difference representation of the Navier-Stokes equations. The stability and growth of small perturbations about a steady flow over the airfoils are analyzed for various amounts of artificial viscosity. The eigenvalues were determined for a small perturbation about a steady inviscid flow over a NACA 0012 airfoil at a Mach number of 0.8 and angle of attack of 0 degrees. The movement of the eigenvalue constellation with respect to the amount of artificial viscosity is studied. The stability boundries as a function of the amount of artificial viscosity from both the eigenvalue analysis and the time marching scheme are also presented. This procedure not only allows for determining the effect of varying amounts of artificial viscosity, but also for the effects of different forms of terms for artificial viscosity.
Laminated microfluidic structures using a micromolding technique

Microfluidic networks suitable for biomedical applications have been fabricated in a variety of polymer materials using micromolding and lamination. By molding several layers of 2D microfluidic patterns in a variety of materials, then laminating together, a wide variety of complex 3D systems with micron sized resolution can be constructed. The process of micromolding and lamination, and the integrated fabrication process for biomedical microfluidic devices is presented. Emphasis is on the practical aspects of fabricating fluidic prototypes in the research laboratory.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A generalization of theorems of Krasnoselskii and Juberg

Abstract In this paper, we use the author's diagram proof of Riesz's theorem together with special seminorms to show that two theorems proved by the author generalize a compact interpolation theorem of Krasnoselskii, and a compact interpolation theorem of Juberg.
Finite element formulation for self-writing of polymer optical fiber sensors

Several alternative fabrication methods for optical fiber sensors have recently been demonstrated including micro-machining, surface relief etching and self-writing of photopolymerizable resins. In this paper, a multi-physics finite element model of sensor self-generation through optical confinement in a photopolymerizable gel is presented that accounts for the dynamics of photopolymerization, and the opto-mechanical interactions of densification, residual strains, and strain-optic effects. In the future, this model will be applied to predict the geometry and index distribution of a micro-optical fiber sensor. The index of refraction and the material density of the photopolymerizable gel as a function of optical intensity and time will be experimentally determined to characterize the dynamics of the particular photopolymerizable resin and used as inputs for the finite element model.
Multiphoton multifoci modulation microscopy for high-speed fluorescence lifetime imaging

We demonstrate a novel depth-resolved parallel-acquisition fluorescence lifetime imaging technique, and present in-vivo images of mouse brain. Analysis shows up to two orders-of-magnitude speed improvement over standard serial-acquisition techniques.
Luminescence enhancement of PPO/PVT scintillators by CeF3 nanoparticles

Oleic acid coated cerium fluoride (CeF3) nanoparticles were synthesized by a wet chemistry method. The average size of the nanoparticles is 12 nm, and the nanoparticles are dispersible in polyvinyl toluene (PVT) monomer due to the oleic acid coating. Different amounts of as-synthesized CeF3 nanoparticles are then loaded into PVT matrix with 0.5 wt% 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) by bulk polymerization. The luminescence of PPO/PVT is enhanced by CeF3 nanoparticles to 3 and 2.5 times under UV and X-ray excitation, respectively. This enhancement is due to the energy transfer from CeF3 to PPO, the increase of the stopping power by doping CeF3 nanoparticles into PPO/PVT and the escape of charges from CeF3 nanoparticles.
Revealing the architecture of a K+ channel pore through mutant cycles with a peptide inhibitor

Thermodynamic mutant cycles provide a formalism for studying energetic coupling between amino acids on the interaction surface in a protein-protein complex. This approach was applied to the Shaker potassium channel and to a high-affinity peptide inhibitor (scorpion toxin) that binds to its pore entryway. The assignment of pairwise interactions defined the spatial arrangement of channel amino acids with respect to the known inhibitor structure. A strong constraint was placed on the Shaker channel pore-forming region by requiring its amino-terminal border to be 12 to 15 angstroms from the central axis. This method is directly applicable to sodium, calcium, and other ion channels where inhibitor or modulatory proteins bind with high affinity.
Effects of the quantum inductance on the equivalent circuit model of a resonant tunneling diode

Abstract The effects of the quantum inductance, due to the resonance lifetime of an electron in a double barrier potential, are studied in the equivalent circuit model of a resonant tunneling diode. Regions of stable and unstable circuit behavior are obtained through a small signal analysis, and phase diagrams are found using a pseudo-Monte Carlo simulation. A comparison with a previous model is made. In addition the large signal behavior of the circuit model is investigated, and a reduction in the maximum oscillator frequency is demonstrated.
Educational and psychological problems of abused children

Abstract The findings of this study tend to confirm the hypothesis that abused children are found to be significantly different from nonabused children in academic achievement, placement in classes for the emotionally disturbed and for the educable mentally retarded. The data also confirm the hypothesis that abused and neglected children are placed in special facilities more frequently than children who have not been adjudged as abused. Further, abused and neglected children were reported to exhibit behaviors indicative of psychological problems. Within each of the dimensions investigated, abused and neglected children were found to have significant problems. In light of the significant differences found in this study, we find substantial support for the projects being supported by the National Center for Child Abuse and Neglect designed to involve the schools in the United States in the battle against children abuse and neglect. Especially important is the project of the Education Commission of the States designed to create an awareness among school systems, professional teacher organizations, and state and local legislative governing bodies of their potential in the battle against child abuse and neglect. In light of the loss of human potential as well as the increased costs involved in providing special classes for the abused and neglected child, allocation of resources to involve schools and school personnel as a part of the multidisciplinary team concerned with child abuse and neglect seems well justified. Additionally, the allocation of fiscal resources for research designed to secure data regarding the sequelae of child abuse is also amply justified.
Neurology Didactic Curricula for Psychiatry Residents: A Review of the Literature and a Survey of Program Directors

Minimal literature exists on neurology didactic instruction offered to psychiatry residents, and there is no model neurology didactic curriculum offered for psychiatry residency programs. The authors sought to describe the current state of neurology didactic training in psychiatry residencies. The authors electronically surveyed 172 directors of U.S. psychiatric residency training programs to examine the types and extent of neurology didactic instruction offered to their residents. Fifty-seven program directors (33%) responded. The majority of these psychiatry residency programs offer neurology didactic instruction to their residents, as provided by both neurology and psychiatry faculty, in a number of different settings and covering many topics. However, room for improvement likely remains. The authors hope this report will guide psychiatry residencies in optimizing their neurology didactic curricula. Further research should explore tools for assessing resident knowledge in neurology and measure the effectiveness of neurology curricula in increasing knowledge and improving clinical outcomes.
Simplified fabrication of PZT/polymer composites

Abstract Skinner, et al. prepared PZT/polymer composites using the coral replamine process. The composites were found to have, for certain applications, greatly improved electromechanical and physical properties over those of conventional piezoelectric materials. However, the coral replamine process requires natural coral from the ocean as the starting replica material, making this process industrially unfavorable. This paper discussed PZT/polymer composites electromechanically and physically comparable to the Skinner replamine composites. Fabrication is simplified by the use of a compacted mixture of volatilizable plastic spheres and PZT powder, which when sintered yields a piezoelectric with a density of less than 2.9 g/cm 3 , a permittivity of ∼120 and a d 33 of 180×10 −12 C/N. The improved connectivity increases d h (hydrostatic) from ∼35×10 −12 C/N (solid PZT) to 100×10 −12 C/N.
The Effects of Measures of Language Experience and Language Ability on Segmental Accuracy in Bilingual Children

Purpose The present study investigated the effects of selected measures of language experience (parent-reported estimates of frequency of output and language use) and language ability (parent-repor...
Cavernous malformations of the pediatric central nervous system

As many as 25% of all cavernous malformations occur in children, and they are distributed in a bimodal fashion with peaks at 3 and 11 years of age. Cavernous malformations in children pose a unique set of challenges. This article therefore reviews the epidemiology, pathology, clinical characteristics, and management of cavernous malformations of the pediatric central nervous system.
Ordered hadron S-Matrix

Abstract An ordered hadron S -matrix is developed that accommodates an arbitrary number of “neighbors” for each particle. Automatic features are baryon-number conservation and zero triality. The ordered Hilbert space splits into a set of non-communicating sectors each characterized by a “skeleton” graph whose external edges can be given aquark interpretation. Selection rules are found that generalize the OZI rules.