cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reaction of polymeric radicals with organometallic compounds

The reactivities of polystyryl, polymethyl methacrylyl and polyacrylonitryl radicals with thirteen organometallic substrates were measured and correlated at 60°C. The organometallics chosen were saturated, aliphatic derivatives of elements from Groups 2b, 3a, 4a, and 5a of the Periodic Table. Correlation was accomplished by the method proposed by Bamford, Jenkins, and Johnston. The correlation based on the above three monomers allowed the prediction of the chain transfer constant C of four of the tested substrates with an untested radical, the polymethyl acrylyl, with an accuracy of better than 101. Since the correlation was based on absolute values of C which covered the range of 106 and which were accurate to within 100.8, it was concluded that the correlation was a valid one and was useful for predictive purposes. Values of C for untested substrates can be predicted with only a low order of accuracy because data are not available on the polarizability of most compounds. The introduction of oxygen into the vicinity of the metal–carbon bond reduces the values of C drastically and confirms that C is very sensitive to polar factors. There appears to be a correlation between β (the polarizability of the substrate) and β (the intrinsic reactivity of the substrate) within a given group of the Periodic Table. The fact that there is not a general correlation between α and α for the whole Periodic Table suggests that the mechanism of the transfer reaction is different from group to group.
An Investigation of Equity as a Determinant of User Information Satisfaction

This paper reviews equity theory and proposes that perceived inequity in the allocation of management information systems (MIS) resources is likely to influence overall user information satisfaction (UIS). Therefore, in addition to currently identified factors such as quality of information products (QIP), user's knowledge and involvement level (KIL), and EDP staff and services (ESS), equity is also likely to be a relevant factor in determining overall UIS. The paper reports on a cross-sectional survey to obtain data for testing the relevance of equity related issues in the MIS context. Responses from 226 users showed a strong correlation (.67, p > .001) between equity and overall UIS. Further, the addition of equity to the previously identified factors that influence overall UIS (i.e., QIP, KIL, and ESS) significantly increased the explained variance (from .48 to .56). The results support the relevance of equity related issues in determining user attitudes. It is recommended that MIS researchers and professionals take into account the likely influence of equity perceptions on user attitudes and behavior, and strive to develop and implement equitable resource allocation mechanisms. Implications of the findings for future research in the areas of MIS, UIS construct, systems implementation, and management of MIS are also discussed.
New hexanuclear and dodecanuclear Fe(III) clusters with carboxylate and alkoxide-based ligands from cluster aggregation reactions

The syntheses, structures and magnetic properties are reported of three new iron(III) clusters [Fe6(l3-O)2(O2CH2)(O2CCH2Bu t )12(py)2 ]( 1), [Fe6(l3-O)2(O2CCH2Cl)6(moe)6](NO3)2 (2) and [Fe12(l3-O)8(l-OMe)2(O2CPh)12(pam)6 ]( 3). Complex 1 was synthesised from the reaction of [Fe3O(O2CCH2Bu t )6(H2O)3](O2CCH2Bu t ) with pyridine in MeCN. Complex 2 was prepared by treatment of [Fe3O(O2CCH2Cl)6(H2O)3](O2CCH2Cl) and Fe(NO3)3 with methoxyethanol (moeH) in MeCN, and complex 3 was obtained from the reaction of [Fe3O(O2CPh)6(H2O)3](O2CPh), syn-2-pyridinealdoxime (pamH) and NaOMe in MeCN. All three compounds can be structurally described as representing different ways of linking or fusing oxide-centered [Fe3(l3-O)] 7+ triangular units. Thus, the Fe6 core of 1 comprises two such units bridged at one of their edges to give a twisted boat conformation, whereas the Fe6 core of the cation of 2 comprises two [Fe3(l3-O)] 7+ units face-to-face in a staggered manner to give an Fe6 octahedron. The more complicated Fe12 core of 3 contains a central Fe6 unit that can be described in various ways, one of which is as four edge-sharing [Fe3(l3-O)] 7+ triangular units and two additional [Fe3(l3-O)] 7+ units attached to the flanks. One particular additional point of interest in 1 is the occurrence of a rare methanediolate group formed in situ and bound in an unusual l4-bridging mode. Variable-temperature solidstate magnetic susceptibility studies on complexes 1–3 in the temperature range 5.00–300 K reveal that the complexes all possess S = 0 ground state spins, consistent with the expected antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the constituent iron(III) ions. 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ethanol disrupts cell cycle regulation in developing rat cortex interaction with transforming growth factor β1

Ethanol is a potent teratogenic agent that disrupts several aspects of neuronogenesis, including the proliferation rate of cortical precursors. With regard to corticogenesis, possible targets of ethanol toxicity include soluble factors, like transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), that regulate cortical growth and cell cycle proteins that control the kinetics of the cell cycle. The effect of ethanol on normal cell proliferation and TGFβ1-regulated cell proliferation in the developing cortex was assessed using an organotypic slice culture model. Ethanol elongated the cell cycle, possibly through a decrease in the expression of G1 cell cycle protein cyclin D1. Further, ethanol exposure antagonized the anti-proliferative action of TGFβ1 and blocked TGFβ1-dependent increases in cell cycle inhibitor p21. Collectively, this evidence suggests that disruption of appropriate cell cycle protein expression and inhibition of TGFβ1 activity are potential mechanisms underlying the effect of ethanol on cortical development.
Approaches to specification-based testing

Current software testing practices focus, almost exclusively, on the implementation, despite widely acknowledged benefits of testing based on software specifications. We propose approaches to specification-based testing by extending a wide variety of implementation-based testing techniques to be applicable to formal specification languages. We demonstrate these approaches for the Anna and Larch specification languages.
Cognitive processes in test anxiety: An analysis of two assessment procedures in an actual test

Two methods of assessing cognitive processes in test anxiety were investigated in an actual classroom test. Subjects (N =96) listed their thoughts and filled out a checklist of positive and negative thoughts either after one-third of the test, after two-thirds of the test, or immediately after completing the test. The checklist negative thoughts score was related to test anxiety, whereas none of the thought-listing categories differentiated among levels of test anxiety. This finding, together with the results of previous studies, suggests greater construct validity for the checklist than for the thought listing. Among the checklist and thought-listing scores, checklist negative thoughts were also the mostly strongly related to performance. The combined assessment was found to be reactive, in that high test-anxious subjects who completed the measures two-thirds of the way through the test obtained lower test scores than some other subjects. This finding implies that caution may be needed in using multiple cognitive measures that require students to interrupt their work during a real exam.
Mars to orbit with pumped hydrazine

A propulsion point design is presented for lifting geological samples from Mars. Vehicle complexity is kept low by choosing a monopropellant single stage. Little new development is needed, as miniature pump fed hydrazine has been demonstrated. Loading the propellant just prior to operation avoids structural, thermal, and safety constraints otherwise imposed by earlier mission phases. Hardware mass and engineering effort are thereby diminished. The Mars liftoff mass is 7/8 hydrazine, 3% each for the payload and guidance.
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism in early drug discovery

The need for high-throughput approaches in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion studies is driven by the impact of high-speed chemistry and pharmacological screening. Perhaps an even greater impact is that these studies will, in the future, provide large data sets that can be used to predict biological events related to absorption, bioavailability and metabolism of drugs. Through linking of in silico and in vitro methods, considerable progress has recently been made towards this future perspective. Despite this progress, these approaches do not yet replace in vivo methods.
Relation of potassium transport to oxidative metabolism in isolated brain capillaries

1. The uptake of K by a capillary suspension isolated from rat brain was studied with the radioactive analogue 86Rb. 2. Rb uptake was dependent upon the presence of oxygen and could be markedly inhibited with ouabain. 3. The ouabain sensitive Rb uptake was measured at varying external concentrations of K. Uptake of K (as 86Rb) was half-maximal when the K concentration was 3·0 m M. This in vitro affinity of the transport carrier for K is similar to that found in previous in vivo studies of K efflux from brain to blood. 4. I propose that the ouabain sensitive K pump is located on the antiluminal plasma membrane of brain capillary endothelial cells and that this pump contributes to the maintenance of a constant concentration (i.e. 3 m M) of K in brain interstitial fluid. 5. Glucose and palmitate were tested as possible energy substrates for the support of active Rb uptake by isolated brain capillaries. The rate of Rb uptake increased 40% when 0·25 m M-palmitate was added to a capillary suspension containing 5 m M-glucose. This stimulation of Rb uptake could be blocked by 1 m M-4-pentenoic acid, an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. In contrast, the fraction of Rb uptake supported by glucose was not altered by 4-pentenoic acid. 6. The rates of [U-14C]glucose and [U-14C]palmitate oxidation to CO2 were measured in isolated brain capillaries and compared to their oxidation by brain slices and synaptosomes. Palmitate was the source of 28% of the 14CO2 produced by the capillaries but only 0·5% of the 14CO2 produced by the brain slices and synaptosomes. 7. It is concluded that brain capillaries are similar to renal tubules in their polar distribution of ouabain sensitive K transport carriers, dependence on oxidative metabolism for active ion transport, and use of fatty acids as energy substrates. These features may underlie the vulnerability of brain capillaries in several metabolic diseases that cause brain oedema.
The Role of Crevice Corrosion in the Stress Corrosion Cracking of Fe-29Ni-17Co

Abstract Fe-29Ni-17Co (Kovar) is shown to be susceptible to environmental cracking under anodic polarization conditions in NaCl electrolytes. Cracking initiates at crevice corrosion sites in preference to sites of maximum stress intensity. The average crack propagation rate is electrochemically controlled and correlates directly with the crevice corrosion rate. A hydrogen embrittlement (HE) mechanism best describes the phenomenology of crack propagation. The hydrogen is provided at the crack tip by metal hydrolysis in the corrosion crevice. To demonstrate the general susceptibility of this alloy to HE, Fe-29Ni-17Co is shown to be embrittled by cathodic charging in H2SO4 solution.
Wear of Highly Crystalline Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene

Highly crystalline ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has historically experienced little success as a bearing material in total joint arthroplasty due to oxidation related fatigue failures. Recent sterilization and treatment advances have reduced or eliminated the risk of oxidation, allowing for a renewed interest in this particular material. The current study investigates the wear resistance of a highly crystalline UHMWPE in comparison to clinically relevant control materials. The highly crystalline material exhibits a wear rate superior to never irradiated material, and similar to irradiated material. The wear rate reduction is attributed to the larger crystallites’ ability to slow subsurface crack growth.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diltiazem and its metabolites in healthy adults after a single oral dose

A potential complicating factor in the characterization of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diltiazem after an oral dose in the presence of two metabolites, N-demethyldiltiazem and desacetyldiltiazem, in plasma. Both N-demethyldiltiazem and desacetylditiazem have been shown to have pharmacologic activity in animal tissues. It is therefore possible that these metabolites contribute to the pharmacologic effect of diltiazem, but this possibility has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diltiazem, N-demethyldiltiazem, and desacetyldiltiazem. Particular attention was paid to the effect of diltiazem on atrioventricular conduction. Six healthy men received a 120 mg oral dose of diltiazem. Concentrations of diltiazem, N-demethyldiltiazem, and desacetyldiltiazem in plasma and urine were measured by a sensitive HPLC method. Measures of pharmacologic response (heart rate, blood pressure, and PR interval) were obtained at each blood sampling time. Mean (+/- SD) peak plasma concentrations of diltiazem, N-demethyldiltiazem, and desacetyldiltiazem were 174.3 +/- 72.7, 42.6 +/- 10.0, and 14.9 +/- 3.3 ng/ml, respectively. The apparent half-lives of diltiazem, N-demethyldiltiazem, and desacetyldiltiazem were 6.5 +/- 1.4 hours, 9.4 +/- 2.2 hours, and 18 +/- 6.2 hours, respectively. Both N-demethyldiltiazem and diltiazem were eliminated by net secretion, whereas the renal clearance of desacetyldiltiazem did not exceed clearance by filtration. Both N-demethyldiltiazem and desacetyldiltiazem are bound to plasma proteins, with unbound fractions of 0.323 +/- 0.035 and 0.230 +/- 0.021. These values are similar to the unbound fraction of diltiazem (0.254 +/- 0.027). No significant effect of diltiazem on blood pressure or heart rate was noted. However, a prolongation of the PR interval was observed in all six subjects. Furthermore, an apparent clockwise hysteresis in the concentration-effect relationship was found in four of the six subjects. These findings suggest that some form of acute tolerance to the electrophysiologic effect of diltiazem develops, but the results of pharmacodynamic modeling suggest that this is not caused by the antagonistic effects the metabolites.
Development of a stereovision sensing system for 3D crop row structure mapping and tractor guidance

This research aimed to develop a field sensing system capable of performing three dimensional (3D) field mapping for measuring crop height and volume and detecting crop rows in 3D for reliable tractor guidance using one tractor-mounted stereocamera. The core of the dual-application field sensing system is a stereovision-based mapping method for creating 3D crop structure maps by means of estimating the motion of tractor-mount stereocamera and stitching constituent stereoimages progressively. By this approach, a feature point tracking algorithm was used to extract tractor motion indicating feature points from constituent stereoimages, and then feed the outcomes to a mathematical model of tractor dynamics to estimate tractor travelling speed and heading direction. Field validation test results indicated that the developed system could accurately create a 3D crop row structure map that can truthfully represent the spatial variability of crop height and volume from acquired stereoimages and can be used for reliably guiding the tractor by following crop rows.
Randomized controlled trial of single-operator vs. two-operator ultrasound guidance for internal jugular central venous cannulation.

Objectives: Use of ultrasound guidance for central line placement generally requires two operators: one to hold the transducer and the other to guide the needle. The authors propose a single-operator technique and compare it with the two-operator technique for placement of internal jugular central lines. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial conducted from June to September 2004 in a U.S. urban teaching hospital. Enrollment packets were randomized to dynamic single operator (D1) and dynamic two operator (D2). The procedure was performed under ultrasound visualization in the transverse plane. The primary outcome measure was cannulation success. A complete Bayesian analysis using noninformative priors to estimate the probability of similarity of outcomes for D1 and D2 was performed. All variables are reported with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) where appropriate. Results: Forty-four patients were enrolled from the emergency department and intensive care unit. Twenty-three patients were randomized to D1, and 21 to D2. Cannulation success was 96% (95% CI = 85% to 100%) for D1 and 95% (95% CI = 83% to 100%) for D2. There was a 90% probability that the success rates of these two groups differed by less than 10% of each other. Conclusions: This one-person technique appears to be equivalent to the standard two-person technique for successful ultrasound-guided internal jugular central venous catheterization with respect to overall success.
Building reliable and efficient data transfer and processing pipelines

Scientific distributed applications have an increasing need to process and move large amounts of data across wide area networks. Existing systems either closely couple computation and data movement, or they require substantial human involvement during the end-to-end process. We propose a framework that enables scientists to build reliable and efficient data transfer and processing pipelines. Our framework provides a universal interface to different data transfer protocols and storage systems. It has sophisticated flow control and recovers automatically from network, storage system, software and hardware failures. We successfully used data pipelines to replicate and process three terabytes of DPOSS astronomy image dataset and several terabytes of WCER educational video dataset. In both cases, the entire process was performed without any human intervention and the data pipeline recovered automatically from various failures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Reinforced With Functionalized CNTs

A systematic approach was undertaken to increase strength, modulus, and toughness of low density polyethylene (LDPE) filaments through infusion of functionalized CNT and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). CNTs were functionalized with OH functional groups using chemical treatment. Functionalized CNTs and UHMWPE were first dry mixed with LDPE, and filaments were then drawn using a melt extrusion process. Loading of UHMWPE varied from 8–10 wt% while that of CNT was at 2–4 wt%. LDPE has been infused first with UHMWPE, and then with both UHMWPE and CNT, and filaments were extruded. Neat LDPE filaments were also extruded as control samples. Individual filaments from each category were tested under tension according to ASTM D3379-75. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were also conducted to measure changes in thermal and crystalline behavior. Filament tests have revealed that the tensile elongation of LDPE can be increased by about 200% with the addition of 10 wt% UHMWPE. This is however, is accompanied by a loss of about 50% ultimate tensile strength. In the next step, when 2 wt% CNTs and 8 wt% UHMWPE are added, tensile strength of the composite filament is restored to the level of neat LDPE (∼ 25 MPa) with an increase in modulus by 44% and in ultimate fracture strain by about 60% compared to that of neat LDPE. The source of improvement has been traced as formation of copolymer between LDPE and UHMWPE and strong interfacial interaction between the CNT and the polymers.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
On the experimental evaluation of a Reich and Stivala computer algorithm by house et al

Comparaison avec les methodes graphiques. Utilisation pour la determination des mecanismes de reactions
TWO‐STAGE SEQUENTIAL SELECTION PROCEDURES USING ABILITY AND TRAINING PERFORMANCE: INCREMENTAL VALIDITY OF BEHAVIORAL CONSISTENCY MEASURES

A behavioral consistency model was used to evaluate the predictive validity of ability and training performance measures as components in a two-stage pre-reject sequential selection procedure. Participants were 91 college students who completed ability tests and training relevant to an air intercept and traffic control operator task. A simulation study was conducted so that two groups could be examined: a high ability group, analogous to a screened hired employee group in an organization; and a quasi-random ability group, analogous to an applicant pool as a validation sample. The incremental validity of training performance was practically and statistically significant in the prediction of component and overall task performance after including ability as a predictor in both groups. Adding ability to the prediction of task performance after training performance had been used as a predictor had no practical effects in either sample. The validity and likely utility of using sequential procedures to select employees as well as implications of behavioral consistency measures for privacy and discrimination in employee testing are discussed. Future research directions using different types of training and employee samples are also described.
A Multi-Anvil High Pressure System with Synchrotron X-Ray Probe: New Opportunities for In-Situ Materials Research at Simultaneously High Pressure and Temperature

We describe the multi-anvil, large-volume, high-pressure facility that is being constructed at the GeoSoilEnviroCARS (Sector 13) at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Various multi-anvil, high-pressure apparatus will be used to cover pressure and temperature conditions up to 40 GPa and 3000 °C, respectively, with milimeter to centimeter sized samples. This national facility is open to all users, providing excellent opportunities for high pressure, high temperature experiments.
Soluble FcϵR II levels in normal children and patients with immunodeficiency diseases

Abstract CD23 is expressed on mature B cells and is identical to a low-affinity IgE Fc ϵ receptor type II (Fc ϵ R II). The C terminal portion of CD23 is released to the serum as soluble Fc ϵ R II (sFc ϵ R II), which may be involved in regulation of IgE synthesis. We studied sFc ϵ R II levels in normal children and in patients with immunodeficiencies, including common variable immunodeficiency (CVI), partial DiGeorge syndrome, and immunodeficiency associated with ectodermal dysplasia to examine the relationship of sFc ϵ R II levels to B cell numbers and other immunoparameters. Serum Fc ϵ R II levels are higher in younger children (younger than 3 years) and decline gradually with age. In 11 patients with CVI with normal numbers of B cells (>6%), sFc ϵ R II levels were comparable to that of control subjects. Five patients with CVI with deficiencies of peripheral B cells had levels of sFc ϵ R II similar to levels of control subjects. In all but one patient with partial DiGeorge syndrome, sFc ϵ R II levels were not significantly elevated, despite the presence of elevated peripheral B cell numbers. Of six patients with ectodermal dysplasia, four demonstrated increased Fc ϵ R II levels, a finding not correlated with serum IgE levels or with peripheral eosinophil or B cell numbers.
Automated measurement of latent morphological features in the human corpus callosum.

Our objective was to develop a novel factor-based analysis of the morphology of the corpus callosum and assess its applicability to the study of normal development, intelligence, and other subject characteristics. The contour of the corpus callosum was defined in the midsagittal planes of the MRI scans of 325 subjects, 6 to 88 years of age. The contours were coregistered, rescaled, and resampled to 50 points that were then entered into a principal components analysis with varimax rotation. The analysis yielded 8 factors for the contours of 138 healthy subjects. A second analysis of contours from 187 subjects in a patient group extracted 8 similar factors. Correlations of factor scores with conventional measures of callosum shape supported the construct validity of the assignment of morphological features to each of the factors. Correlations of factor scores with age, sex, handedness, ventricular volume, and IQ demonstrated the predictive validity of the factor structure and helped to define the neural correlates of these subject characteristics. We conclude that factor-based measures capture latent morphological features of the corpus callosum that are reliable and valid. Future studies will determine whether these novel measures are more closely related to neurobiologically important features of the corpus than are conventional measures of callosum size and shape.
Principles from history, community psychology and developmental psychology applied to community based programs for deinstitutionalized youth

This article analyses the issues of the deinstitutionalization of youth, and the development of community based services, using some historical data and some of the principles of community psychology. The basic premise is that there is no such thing as a social vacuum. All programs are implemented and function in an elaborate social context.
Reaction time as a function of the intensity and probability of occurrence of vibrotactile signals

Three Ss made judgments of the presence or absence of a burst of 60-cps vibration onthe index fingertip.The probability of S’s reporting the presence of a signal was found to be influenced by signal probability and signal intensity. Mean reaction time for reporting the presence of a signal decreased as a function of signal intensity and signal probability whereas mean reaction time for reporting the absence of a signal increased as a function of signal intensity and signal probability. On trials where no signal was presented mean R T for reporting a signal decreased with increases in the signal probability whereas mean RT for reporting the absence of a signal increased with increases in signal probability. The results were interpreted as support for the hypothesis that S’s decision time was longer the closer on the sensory continuum a particular observation was to his criterion.
The importance of definitions of selected concepts for leisure inquiry

Abstract The need for definitional consistency is becoming increasingly evident for leisure research. Based on an integrative review of the literature, three primary terms are explored in this essay: time, recreation, and leisure. Work, as a related concept, is also considered but not as extensively. Psychologically perceived free time is offered as a context in which most people tend to be most likely to engage in recreational activities and to experience leisure. Recreation is proposed as the personally meaningful activity itself as well as the behavior associated with the activity. Following Neulinger's (1974, 1981, 1984) conceptualization, leisure is presented as a self enhancing affective state that is most probably, but not always, achieved through engaging in recreation (personally meaningful activities). Attention to the leisure‐self relationship is suggested as an avenue of research. Clarifying the meaning of terms is not merely a semantic exercise, but is an essential part of the scholarly study...
A Comparison of Various Methods of Obtaining Random Order Statistics for Monte Carlo Computations

This Department will carry articles of high quality on all aspects of computation in statistics. Papers describing new algorithms, programs, or statistical packages will not contain listings of the program, although the completely documented program must be available from the author. Review of the paper will always include a running test of the program by the referee. The Editorial Committee will be pleased to confer with authors about the appropriateness of topics or drafts of possible articles.
HIGH-RESOLUTION ROVIBRATIONAL ABSORPTION SPECTRUM OF CO2-N2O

The rovibrational absorption spectrum of the weakly bound cluster CO2−N2O has been observed in the region of the ν3 CO2 asymmetric stretch (∼2350 cm-1). Clusters were formed by supersonic expansion of a mixture of N2O:CO2 in a 4:1 ratio using He carrier gas. Approximately 340 lines have been assigned. Both parallel and perpendicular transitions were observed. The ground state rotational constants A, B, and C are 0.294 924(12), 0.058 004(6), and 0.048 400(6) cm-1, respectively. The quartic centrifugal distortion constants are Dj = 5.03(17) × 10-7 cm-1, Djk = −3.92(9) × 10-6 cm-1, Dk = 1.26(2) × 10-5 cm-1, δj = 1.61(92) × 10-8 cm-1, and δk = 1.77(80) × 10-6 cm-1. Ab initio calculations for several CO2−N2O equilibrium structures have been done on the Hartree−Fock self-consistent field level using a 6-311g* basis set. Moller−Plesset MP2 and MP3 calculations were carried out for the two possible slipped parallel configurations of the dimer. The planar slipped parallel geometry with the oxygen atom of N2O neare...
The importance of thyroglobulin structure in thyroid peroxidase-catalyzed conversion of diiodotyrosine to thyroxine.

We have previously demonstrated that thyroid peroxidase (TPO) not only catalyzes the iodination of thyroglobulin and other proteins, but that it also catalyzes the intramolecular conversion of DIT residues to T4 (coupling reaction). The present study was designed to determine whether the native structure of thyroglobulin contributes to the efficiency of TPO-catalyzed coupling. Two lines of evidence are presented in support of the view that the conformation of thyroglobulin is important for TPO-catalyzed coupling. The first was based on comparison of T4 yields in thyroglobulin and other proteins. The second involved the effect of guanidine pretreatment on T4 yields in thyroglobulin. Both types of experiment provided evidence that the native structure of thyroglobulin contributes to the efficiency of the coupling reaction. Specificity of thyroid peroxidase activity, on the other hand, does not appear to be of importance in the coupling reaction. (Endocrinology 100: 1129, 1977)
Subpicosecond IR transient absorption spectroscopy: measurement of internal conversion rates in DABCO vapor

Abstract An apparatus combining subpicosecond 248.5 nm pump pulses with a time-resolved subpicosecond broadband infrared absorption spectroscopy probe has been utilized to measure an internal conversion rate in 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane vapor. A subpicosecond (⪅ 500 fs) internal conversion rate has been determined.
Integrating Environmental and Economic Policy Making in China and Taiwan

What, if anything, are two of East Asia's high-growth economies—China and Taiwan—doing to integrate environmental considerations into economic policy making? The two case studies developed here demonstrate that innovative officials in each have found ways to get powerful economic agencies to take environmental considerations into account. In China, national officials in the State Environmental Protection Administration and local officials in city-level environmental protection bureaus use a city-level environmental rating, ranking, and public disclosure program along with an environmental target responsibility system to get mayors to invest in environmental improvement. In Taiwan, the building of a tough and competent environmental regulatory agency that simply bypassed the government's premier industrial policy agency forced the latter to integrate environmental considerations into industrial policy making. In both instances, there is some evidence that these innovations are working. But in both, much more needs to be done.
Chromosomal HMG proteins occur in three eukaryotic kingdoms

Abstract We report that yeast and wheat contain chromosomal proteins belonging to the high mobility group (HMG). This establishes that the HMG's are widely distributed throughout eukaryotes. We further suggest that prokaryotes may also contain HMG's.
Cost-effectiveness of screening the average-risk population for colorectal cancer

This article reviews several of the recent models addressing the cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening in the average-risk individual (Table 1). How can clinicians and policy makers use this information for decision making regarding colorectal cancer screening? The cost-effectiveness ratios reported by themselves do not identify cost-effective practices. They must be placed in a decision context that is expressed in one of two forms. In the first form, an explicit threshold or maximum amount that a policy maker is willing to spend is stated (e.g., $40,000 per LY gained, as has been quoted as an acceptable amount for a prevention program). In the second form of decision context, a list of medical practices and their associated cost-effectiveness ratios, also known as a league table (Table 2) is used as a basis for comparison with the practice under evaluation (e.g., colorectal cancer screening). The practice with the lowest cost-effectiveness ratio is the most cost-effective practice on the list. Practices with lower cost-effectiveness ratios are considered cost-effective compared with those with higher ratios. Table 2 lists incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for common medical practices. The models discussed in this article suggested that colorectal cancer screening using annual FOBT, flexible sigmoidoscopy at 3 or 5 years, the combination of FOBT and flexible sigmoidoscopy, barium enema, colonoscopy, and even virtual colonoscopy had incremental cost-effectiveness ratios ranging from $6300 to $92,900 per LY saved with most of the cost-effectiveness ratio ranging from $10,000 to $40,000 per LY saved. These ratios are similar to the cost of another widely accepted practice, breast cancer screening with annual mammography in women age 50 and older ($22,000 per LY gained). Colorectal cancer screening with any of the modalities discussed is considered less cost-effective than screening for hemochromatosis, which has an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $3665 per LY saved. Based on these ratios, however, screening for colorectal cancer is considered cost-effective compared with cervical cancer screening in women age 20 and older with pap smear every 3 years, which has an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $250,000 per LY gained. The clinician can use these incremental cost-effectiveness ratios to evaluate the risks and benefits of alternative practices for the individual, and the policy maker with a limited health care budget can use these ratios to set priorities for funding based on the costs and the expected gains in life expectancy for colorectal cancer screening and for alternative health care programs.
Prepotentials for non-abelian gauge fields☆

Abstract A new non-abelian gauge field theory, in Euclidean 4-space, the analogue of the Einstein field equations, is constructed. This requires the introduction of a prepotential for the connection or gauge field.
Dave Eggers’s A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius Memoir as a “Pain-Relief Device”

Dave Eggers’s memoir is an important addition to the tradition of autobiography in America, and offers significant contributions to our understanding of creativity, sublimation, and the psychology of the memoir-writing process. A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius is really two books—an autobiographical narrative about unbearable suffering, and a book of psychoanalytic commentary on the challenges of writing a memoir about catastrophic loss and trauma. The main narrative suggests the psychological resilience it takes to contain unbearable suffering. The metanarrative renders transparent the mind of someone who is both remembering his losses and constantly reflecting upon the process of writing about them. Eggers’s identification with authorship, rather than bereavement or traumatization, may have played an important role in containing his affect and his sense of self when the heartbreaking events were originally unfolding. But a price is paid when a son uses his art to construct a new identity as an ...
Metallized ultrathin porous silicon membranes for biological sensing using SERS

Ultrathin porous silicon membranes provide a novel platform for label free detection and identification of biological samples using SERS. A 15 nm thin gold metal film was deposited on top of a 30 nm thick porous silicon membrane to form a thin porous metallic film. 3D FDTD simulations show EM field enhancement inside the holes together with increased scattering and extinction cross sections, making this structure a novel SERS substrate.
Finiteness of limit cycles in planar autonomous systems

Sufficient conditions are given to guarantee the finiteness of limit cycles in planar dissipative autonomous systems. Both analytic and nonanalytic cases are discussed
Price and Wage Controls in Four Wartime Periods

The debate over wage and price controls has taken a highly stylized form. Advocates of controls stress the direct effect on the obvious problem, inflation, whereas critics stress the side effects. This paper measures and compares the effects of controls during the four periods when controls have been used in the United States in the twentieth century. Although tentative conclusions are drawn concerning the price effects, the size of the administrative bureaucracies, and so forth, the clearest lesson, as usual, is that the issue warrants further investigation by economic historians because it is important, and because the historical record is surprisingly rich.
Tissue and BAL Based Biomarkers in Asthma

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease with multiple phenotypes. There are no tissue or bronchoalveolar lavage biomarkers that are "specific" for asthma. Markers associated with eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and paucigranulocytic asthma are discussed here, and those for remodeling. Efforts are to compare tissue and lavage biomarkers with less invasive measures, such as sputum, serum, or exhaled breath, to improve the treatment and management of asthma.
Rapid Multi-Flexible-Body Maneuvering Experiments

Progress at the NASA Langley Research Center in the area of rapid multi-flexible-body maneuvering experiments is described in this paper. The experiments are designed to verify theoretical analyses using control theory for the control of flexible structures. The objective of the maneuvering experiments is to demonstrate slewing of flexible structures in multiple axes while simultaneously suppressing vibration to have acceptable motion at the end of the maneuver. The status of some research activities oriented primarily to the experimental methods for control of flexible structures is presented.
Chemokines and peripheral nerve demyelination.

It has been speculated that β-chemokines play a pivotal role in the development of peripheral nervous system (PNS) disorders characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration. In experimental allergic neuritis (EAN), an animal model for human Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) with mononuclear cell infiltration, we found by quantitative PCR that β-chemokine messages were upregulated during the active stage. Moreover, an increase in the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) message was found in the preclinical stage of EAN, suggesting the critical role of MCP-1 for inducing mononuclear cell infiltrations in this model. Since many cell lineages other than immune cells can produce chemokines, this early upregulation of MCP-1 may be mediated by non-immune cells, probably endothelia or Schwann cells. To date, apart from MCP-1, only RANTES (Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α have been examined in EAN and found to have similar kinetics of indu...
Bodies, boundaries, and territorial disputes: investigating the murky realm of scientific authority.

(2002). Bodies, boundaries, and territorial disputes: Investigating the Murky Realm of scientific authority. Medical Anthropology: Vol. 21, No. 3-4, pp. 369-379.
Effect of Early Nutrient Restriction on Broiler Chickens. 2. Performance and Digestive Enzyme Activities

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of two early nutrient restriction programs on performance, selected characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and activities of digestive enzymes of broiler chickens. Three hundred and sixty male broiler (Ross x Ross) chicks kept in floor pens were assigned to three groups. The control group (C) was given ad libitum access to feed from 1 to 48 d of age. Another group was restricted from 11 to 14 d (R4) of age to an energy intake of .74 x BW.67 kcal ME/d, and a third group was restricted from 7 to 14 d (R7) of age to an energy intake of 1.5 x BW.67 kcal ME/d. Then, both restricted groups were given ad libitum access to feed through 48 d. Body weight and feed intake were determined weekly and selected carcass characteristics were measured at 48 d of age. Broilers also were sampled at 7, 14, 21, and 42 d of age to obtain data on components of the GIT (proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, and small intestine) and activities of selected digestive enzymes. Feed-restricted groups were lighter in body weight (P < .01) at 14 and 48 d of age than the C group but were superior in overall feed efficiency. No treatment effects were observed for percentage yields of breast meat and abdominal fat pad. Absolute weights of GIT components were significantly reduced at 14 d of age by feed restriction. However, GIT components increased in weight more quickly after refeeding than did the whole body. Restricted groups had reduced (P < .01) specific activities of jejunal alkaline phosphatase and pancreatic trypsin, amylase, and lipase as compared with the C group at 14 d of age but not at 21 and 42 d of age. Relative activities for jejunal maltase and sucrase were greater (P < .01) at 21 d of age in the R4 and R7 groups than in the C group. The present data show that feed restriction results in transient changes in organs and activities of digestive enzymes, suggesting a functional adaptation to feed restriction.
Maximum transition run codes for data storage systems

A new code is presented which improves the minimum distance properties of sequence detectors operating at high linear densities. This code, which is called the maximum transition run code, eliminates data patterns producing three or more consecutive transitions while imposing the usual k-constraint necessary for timing recovery. The code possesses the similar distance-gaining property of the (1,k) code, but can be implemented with considerably higher rates. Bit error rate simulations on fixed delay tree search with decision feedback and high order partial response maximum likelihood detectors confirm large coding gains over the conventional (0,k) code.
Principal Factor Analysis of Extruded Sorghum and Peanut Bar Changes During Accelerated Shelf‐life Studies

A prototype meal bar of extruded sorghum-peanut wafer with filling and enrobing was subjected to accelerated shelf-life testing at 60°C for 4 wks Samples were withdrawn each week for analyses including slurry pH, Kramer shear texture measures, CIE L*a*b* color, water activity, peroxide values, malonaldehyde content, available lysine, and proximate composition. Principal factor analysis with varimax rotation was used to assess associations of related factors. Six factors accounted for 77.5% of variance. Significant changes occurred with respect to the control over 4 wk storage, particularly in a sharp reduction of pH, and increased pigmentation. Other measures were minimally changed.
Analysis of three coding schemes: can they capture nursing care plan concepts?

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which three major coding systems could capture the concepts used by nurses in the typical nursing care plan. Based on the results of a study conducted by the Codes Subcommittee of the CPRI Codes and Structure Work Group, the following coding schemes were studied: UMLS and SNOMED International. The NANDA Taxonomy was also included, as it is the major nursing coding system. The CPRI study examined multidisciplinary progress notes. SNOMED International, followed by UMLS, was clearly the most comprehensive coding scheme from the schemes that were evaluated. However, most of nursing's documentation of the care process occurs in other types of formats, specifically the nursing care plan and flow sheets. This study collected discharge care plan summaries from patients: newborn, adult surgery and medicine, pediatric surgery, and adult oncology. The care plans were parsed into 372 different concepts. The team used the same scoring methodology used by the CPRI research team: 0=no match,
Heterogeneous In Vivo Behavior of Monocyte Subsets in Atherosclerosis

Monocytes and macrophages play active roles in atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease that is a leading cause of death in the developed world. The prevailing paradigm states that, during human atherogenesis, monocytes accumulate in the arterial intima and differentiate into macrophages, which then ingest oxidized lipoproteins, secrete a diverse array of proinflammatory mediators, and eventually become foam cells, the key constituents of a vulnerable plaque. Yet monocytes are heterogeneous. In the mouse, one subset (Ly-6C(hi)) promotes inflammation, expands in hypercholesterolemic conditions, and selectively gives rise to macrophages in atheromata. A different subset (Ly-6C(lo)) attenuates inflammation and promotes angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation in models of tissue injury, but its role in atherosclerosis is largely unknown. In the human, monocyte heterogeneity is preserved but it is still unresolved how subsets correspond functionally. The contradistinctive properties of these cells suggest commitment for specific function before infiltrating tissue. Such commitment argues for discriminate targeting of deleterious subsets while sparing host defense and repair mechanisms. In addition to advancing our understanding of atherosclerosis, the ability to target and image monocyte subsets would allow us to evaluate drugs designed to selectively inhibit monocyte subset recruitment or function, and to stratify patients at risk for developing complications such as myocardial infarction or stroke. In this review we summarize recent advances of our understanding of the behavioral heterogeneity of monocytes during disease progression and outline emerging molecular imaging approaches to address key questions in the field.
Defining Evil Away: Arendt's Forgiveness

Arendt claims that evil is banal and its perpetrators merely shallow. Deliberate evil she takes to be extremely rare. However, nonrare examples of deliberate evil, whose aim is to spoil one's story, abound in everyday life. Arendt also makes forgiveness personal, not requiring repentance. This prompts a consideration of certain personal relations among philosophers. Heidegger's relation to Husserl shows a betrayal of teacher by student. His seductive and philosophic power over Arendt, a betrayal of student by teacher, should not be dismissed in terms of reductive Freudian notions. Faced with a real feminine predicament, Arendt made the wrong choices: in her exoneration of Heidegger, her report on the Eichmann trial, and her exculpatory doctrine of evil.
A test for zero point triserial correlation coefficient and its relationship with tests for homogeneity of means with ordered alternatives

The point triserial correlation coefficient is defined and, under appropriate order restrictions, an exact test that this correlation coefficient equals zero is developed. The power function of that test is derived and partially tabulated. The general problem of testing for homogeneity of means under ordered alternatives is discussed. The available procedures for performing such tests are considered, are seen to provide alternative approaches to the test developed herein, and are compared with that test. An exact test for the equality of dependent point triserial correlation coefficients is described through application of a procedure suggested by Wolfe ‘1976’