cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Prediction of Therapeutic Response to Long-Term Intensive Treatment of Seriously Disturbed Young Adult Inpatients

Most investigations of predictors of therapeutic change report that less seriously disturbed patients have greater capacity to benefit from treatment while other investigations indicate that more seriously disturbed patients have greater potential for change. The results of the present study indicate that the prognosis for seriously disturbed young adults to gain from long-term, intensive, inpatient treatment is indicated by an initial capacity to communicate disordered thinking and disruptive experiences as well as a capacity for establishing appropriate and constructive interpersonal relationships. Greater disordered thinking and the representation of more malevolent, unilateral interactions, as well as more differentiated and integrated representations of the human figure on the Rorschach early in treatment, related to less intense and frequent clinical symptoms and more intact and appropriate interpersonal relationships after approximately 15 months of treatment. While the relevance of these findings ...
Impact of self-initiated pre-quit smoking reduction on cessation rates: results of a clinical trial of smoking cessation among female prisoners.

Abstract Objectives This study examined differences in cessation success based on smokers' self-initiated pre-quit reductions in cigarettes per day (cpd). Methods The study utilized data from a nicotine replacement + behavioral therapy smoking cessation intervention conducted in a female prison facility with 179 participants who were wait-listed for 6 months prior to intervention. We compared two groups of smokers based on whether they self-selected to reduce smoking prior to their cessation attempt ( n = 77) or whether they increased smoking or did not reduce ( n = 102). General Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to model smoking cessation through 12-month follow-up. Results Examination of pre-cessation cpd showed that those who reduced were heavier smokers at baseline, relative to those who did not reduce ( p p p Conclusions Participant-initiated pre-cessation smoking reduction may be initially helpful in preparing to quit smoking, or may serve as a marker for participant motivation to quit smoking, but these differences do not sustain over time. More intensive interventions are still needed for successful cessation.
Change in Thermal Conductivity upon Low-Temperature Electron Irradiation: GaAs

Measurements of the change in thermal conductivity of high-purity single-crystal GaAs were made upon 2-MeV electron irradiation and annealing. Two GaAs samples were irradiated at maximum temperatures of 100 and 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. A linear increase in the additive thermal resistivity near 50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is observed upon bombardment. The results yield $\frac{1}{K}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{{K}_{0}}=(3.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}$ cm-deg/W per 2-MeV electron/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The experimental ratio of the point-defect thermal resistivity to the induced lattice strain at 50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is $\frac{(\frac{1}{K}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{{K}_{0}})}{(\frac{3\ensuremath{\Delta}L}{L})}=(1.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}$ cm-deg/W. Using estimates for the introduced defect concentration (based upon the change in strain rate as a function of electron energy) together with the observed increase in thermal resistivity, one obtains $\frac{1}{K}\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{{K}_{0}}=(94\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}10)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{2}C$ cm-deg/W, where $C$ is the fractional point-defect concentration. This value is intermediate between those predicted by the point-defect scattering theories of Klemens and Ziman. Isochronal anneals carried out above 50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K with all measurements made at 50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K demonstrate low-temperature annealing in GaAs. Annealing is observed to begin near 55\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and accelerate near 190\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. About 70% of the additive thermal resistivity stable at 50\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K anneals below 325\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Definite minima are observed in the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity, suggesting localized-impurity-mode scattering. The annealing, however, takes place over too large a temperature range to be due to a single thermally activated process. The change in shape of the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity upon annealing indicates that below 325\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K the defects anneal as point defects. For anneal temperatures between 325 and 575\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K the point defects no longer remain isolated, and clustering or precipitation is suggested.
Architectural Specialization for Inter-Iteration Loop Dependence Patterns

Hardware specialization is an increasingly common technique to enable improved performance and energy efficiency in spite of the diminished benefits of technology scaling. This paper proposes a new approach called explicit loop specialization (XLOOPS) based on the idea of elegantly encoding inter-iteration loop dependence patterns in the instruction set. XLOOPS supports a variety of inter-iteration data-and control-dependence patterns for both single and nested loops. The XLOOPS hardware/software abstraction requires only lightweight changes to a general-purpose compiler to generate XLOOPS binaries and enables executing these binaries on: (1) traditional micro architectures with minimal performance impact, (2) specialized micro architectures to improve performance and/or energy efficiency, and (3) adaptive micro architectures that can seamlessly migrate loops between traditional and specialized execution to dynamically trade-off performance vs. Energy efficiency. We evaluate XLOOPS using a vertically integrated research methodology and show compelling performance and energy efficiency improvements compared to both simple and complex general-purpose processors.
Clinical outcome after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy of patients with pure testicular teratoma.

Abstract Objectives To determine the pathologic findings and clinical outcome of patients with pure teratoma of the testis who underwent primary or postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLND). Methods From January 1989 to February 1998, 29 patients with pure testicular teratoma underwent primary (n = 11) or postchemotherapy (n = 18) RPLND. Results Overall, 23 (79%) of 29 patients had retroperitoneal disease, with 18 (62%) initially presenting with advanced disease. The pathologic stage in the 11 patients undergoing primary RPLND was pN0 in 6 (55%), pN1 in 3 (27%), and pN2 in 2 (18%). Of the 7 patients with clinical Stage I undergoing primary RPLND, 1 had teratoma and 1 had seminoma in the retroperitoneum; of the 4 patients with clinical Stage IIA, 2 had teratoma and 1 had embryonal carcinoma. Four patients were lost to follow-up and the other seven had no evidence of disease (NED) at a median follow-up of 90.4 months, with no relapses. The pathologic findings in the 18 patients undergoing postchemotherapy RPLND revealed fibrosis in 8, teratoma in 9, and yolk sac tumor in 1. At last follow-up, 7 of the 9 patients with teratoma were NED, 1 was dead of disease, and 1 was dead of unknown causes. Of the 8 patients with fibrosis, 6 had NED and 2 were lost to follow-up. The patient with viable cancer had NED at last follow-up. Conclusions These data underscore the metastatic potential of pure testicular teratoma. A significant proportion (45%) of patients with low-stage pure testicular teratoma had retroperitoneal disease. Furthermore, a high proportion (62%) presented initially with advanced disease and demonstrated a considerable risk of relapse despite complete resection or favorable histologic features in the resected retroperitoneal specimen.
A Program for Computing the Vector Sum of Scores in a Multidimensional Test

This paper describes a program for summing the scores of test scales (or items). The usual assumptions of either unidimensionality of orthogonality among scales are relaxed. Scale scores are considered to be distance vectors, the sums of which are resultant vectors. The program uses the inter-scale correlation matrix to define the relative directions of the scale-score vectors. Output consists of the magnitude of the resultant vector and its direction with respect to the scale-score vectors.
Graph classes characterized both by forbidden subgraphs and degree sequences

Given a set ${\cal F}$ of graphs, a graph G is ${\cal F}$-free if G does not contain any member of ${\cal F}$ as an induced subgraph. We say that ${\cal F}$ is a degree-sequence-forcing set if, for each graph G in the class ${\cal C}$ of ${\cal F}$-free graphs, every realization of the degree sequence of G is also in ${\cal C}$. We give a complete characterization of the degree-sequence-forcing sets ${\cal F}$ when ${\cal F}$ has cardinality at most two. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 57: 131–148, 2008
Acquired Bartter-Like Syndrome Associated with Colistin Use in a Preterm Infant

Acquired Bartter-like syndrome (BLS), characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and normal kidney function, can be induced by diuretics or antibiotics. It is a very rare condition and only anecdotal cases mostly in adults were reported. Although tubulopathy associated with colistin was reported in adults, to the best of our knowledge, colistin-associated BLS neither in adults nor in children has been reported in the literature. We here report a-28-week, 740 g female preterm infant who developed BLS just after colistin treatment for Acinetobacter baumannii infection and recovered few days after the drug cessation, and discuss the possible association of colistin and tubulopathy. More research on colistin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in critically ill patients and preterm infants is needed to guide adequate colistin dosing at the least toxicity.
Stem Cells in Neurodevelopment and Plasticity

The processes of stem cell proliferation and differentiation during embryogenesis are governed by transcription factors that regulate the regional differentiation of the central nervous system (CNS). Do neural “stem” cells persisting in the postnatal CNS disobey this sequence of events? The division of neural progenitor cells is promoted by basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Fgf2 or Epidermal Growth Factor Egf. However, while the intraventricular administration of FgF2 during embryogenesis increases the generation of cortical pyramidal neurons, the same treatment in the adult CNS produces interneurons of the olfactory bulb. The competence of neural progenitor cells to respond to Fgf is dictated by nuclear transcription factors that constrain neuronal fates through time. Developmentally regulated transcriptional programs are regulated by cell interactions, as dividing cells check their molecular signature against that of their environment. Thus, cell surface interactions account for competitive phenomena among pools of cells, including the inhibitory effect of neurons on the division of their progenitors, and may also explain the “permissive” effects of non-CNS environments. The challenge remains to understand the genetic programs that control the fate of progenitor cells within the postnatal CNS and their regulation by stress, apoptosis and environmental perturbations. These programs are likely to be similar to gene cascades that control proliferation, differentiation and migration of progenitor cells at earlier stages of development.
Regulation of apoptosis by C. elegans CED-9 in the absence of the C-terminal transmembrane domain

Bcl-2 proteins regulate apoptosis in organisms as diverse as mammals and nematodes. These proteins are often localized at mitochondria by a C-terminal transmembrane domain. Although the transmembrane domain and mitochondrial localization are centrally involved in specific cases of vertebrate Bcl-2 activity, the significance of this localization is not clear for all species. Studying the Caenorhabditis elegans Bcl-2 homolog CED-9, we found that the transmembrane domain was both necessary and sufficient for localization at mitochondrial outer membranes. Furthermore, we found that in our assays, ced-9 transgenes lacking the transmembrane domain, although somewhat less active than equivalent transgenes derived from wild-type ced-9, rescued embryonic lethality of ced-9(lf) animals and responded properly to upstream signals in controlling the fate of Pn.aap neurons. Both of these apoptotic activities were retained in a construct where CED-9 lacking the transmembrane domain was targeted to the cytosolic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum and derived organelles, suggesting that in wild-type animals, accumulation at mitochondria is not essential for CED-9 to either inhibit or promote apoptosis in C. elegans. Taken together, these data are consistent with a multimodal character of CED-9 action, with an ability to regulate apoptosis through interactions in the cytosol coexisting with additional evolutionarily conserved role(s) at the membrane.
Design of spatially distributed filters for distributed parameter systems using mobile sensor networks

This paper presents an abstract framework for the optimization of mobile sensing devices in distributed parameter systems. The optimization is performed on the repositioning of these devices throughout the spatial domain. It is assumed that a network of mobile sensing devices is available to obtain measurements from the spatially distributed process. Both a centralized state estimator with mobile sensors and a network of consensus distributed estimators are proposed, since both filters can be shown to result in the specific algebraic structure of a symmetric spatial operator with collocated filter and measurement operators. Extensive numerical simulations for a centralized filter for a diffusion equation are included to verify the effectiveness of a such a mobile sensor network in suppressing the effects of spatially varying disturbances and enhancing the estimator's performance.
Size‐Quantized Semiconductor Particulate Films Generated in situ at Monolayers

Methodologies for the in situ generation of size-quantized semiconductor particulate films (SQSPFs) are described. Cadmium, zinc, lead, and copper sulfides have been generated from their divalent metal ion precursors electrostatically attached to well-compressed, negatively charged monolayers by the infusion of hydrogen sulfide. Cadmium selenide has been generated at positively charged dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide monolayers floating on an aqueous subphase which contained appropriate concentrations of sodium selenosulfate and cadmium nitrilotriacetate. SQSPFs have been characterized by absorption spectra, electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical measurements. Evidence is presented for the oriented growth and preparation-dependent rectification behavior of SQSPFs.
Influence of terrorism risk on foreign tourism decisions.

This study explored relationships between selected factors and several key stages of the international vacation tourism decision-making process. A theoretical framework of vacation decisions involving terrorism risk served as the foundation for the analysis. Eight independent variables were examined, including international travel experience, risk perception level, international travel attitude, age, gender, education, income and presence of children in household. Dependent variables were three key stages of the decision-making process, including the general decision to travel internationally versus domestically, the extent of information search and concern for safety in evaluating destination alternatives. A mail survey of international tourists achieved a 48% response rate. Non-response bias was tested with telephone interviews. Data were analyzed using multiple and simple regression. International attitude, risk perception level and income were found to directly influence international vacation destination choice. Touristic experience and education were indirect influences.
Field evaluation of heat units for predicting crop residue carbon and nitrogen mineralization

More efficient fertilization practices could conceivably be developed if nutrient availability from manures and crop residues could be accurately predicted under field conditions. Heat units were recently found useful for describing the combined thermal and temporal relationships with papermill sludge C and N mineralization. This study was conducted to describe C and N mineralization of corn (Zea mays L. cv. ‘King 1113’), lupin (Lupinus albus L. cv. ‘ultra’), and potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. ‘russet burbank’) residues and to field test the utility of heat units in predicting these processes. Residues of each crop were applied to soil microplots in May, June, and July of 1987. Carbon mineralization was monitored by periodic capture of evolved CO2 in alkali traps. Nitrogen mineralization-immobilization processes were followed by frequent sampling for KCl extractable inorganic N. Net N mineralization from the potato residue occurred almost immediately after residue application, apparently owing to its relatively low C/N of 15/1. Net N mineralization from the corn and lupin residues began 119, 99, and 317 d after application in the May, June, and July application months, respectively. These respective times represented 2346, 1990, and 2360 degree days after application. Heat units appear to provide a mathematically simple, pragmatic approach for predicting crop residue N mineralization under field climatic conditions.
The effect of unionization on safety in bituminous deep mines

This article examines the impact of unionization on safety in underground coal mines. An accident causation model is used to isolate the effect of unionization from other injury rate determinants. Results indicate that union mines experience more disabling injuries per year than nonunion mines,ceteris paribus. Previous studies attributed higher union injury rates to poor nonunion reporting practices. The data examined here suggest that other factors, including the UMWA’s job bidding system, low productivity, labor characteristics, and other institutional factors contribute to high injury rates at union mines.
Structures of the Euplotes crassusTec1 and Tec2 elements: identification of putative transposase coding regions

The Tec1 and Tec2 transposon-like element families of Euplotes crassus are highly unusual in that all 30,000 copies of each family are excised from the genome during a discrete time period of macronuclear development. Complete nucleotide sequences were generated for the Tec1-1 and Tec2-1 elements, representing the Tec1 and Tec2 families. Open reading frames (ORFs) are conserved in position and sequence between the two elements, although sequences that comprise one ORF (ORF2) of Tec1-1 are split into two overlapping ORFs (ORFs 2A and 2B) in Tec2-1. ORF1 in Tec1-1, its homolog in Tec2-1 and one of the overlapping ORFs from Tec2-1 (ORF2B) contain TGA codons, which may be translated as Cys, as observed for two other Euplotid genes. Sequence analyses of ORFs from other members of each element family indicate that the families are distinct from each other and are highly conserved within each family. Computer searches of sequence databases have revealed sequence similarity between Tec ORF1s and the previously described Tc1-IS630 family of transposases which includes ORFs from bacterial, nematode and insect transposons.
Electrostatic Effects of Smooth Muscle Calponin on Actin Assembly

The contribution of electrostatic interactions to the effects of chicken gizzard calponin on the kinetics of actin polymerization and the bundling of F-actin were characterized by a combination of fluorescence, light-scattering, co-sedimentation, and electron-microscopic methods. Stoichiometric amounts of calponin accelerate actin polymerization in low-ionic-strength solutions, but this effect is diminished at [KCI] = 150 mM. At low ionic strengths, micromolar concentrations of calponin induce the formation of large bundles of actin filaments, and lower concentrations of calponin quench the fluorescence of pyrene-labeled F-actin. The latter effect is related to binding of calponin to F-actin rather than to bundling of the filaments. The concentration of calponin required to bundle a fixed concentration of actin filaments increases with increasing ionic strength, as the average diameter of the bundles decreases. Millimolar concentrations of ATP, GTP or ITP are equally efficient at dispersing actin bundles to single filaments or smaller aggregates, even though a significant fraction of calponin remains bound to F-actin. Our findings show that the binding of calponin to actin is determined at least in part by electrostatic interactions, and that the polycationic nature of calponin is primarily responsible for the formation of F-actin bundles via its ability to reduce the electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged actin filaments.
Franck-Condon factors in studies of dynamics of chemical reactions. II. Vibration-rotation distributions in atom-diatom reactions

We study vibration–rotation distributions in two and three dimensional atom–diatom chemical reactions using the generalized Franck–Condon overlap theory of chemical dynamics presented in paper I. We begin by reducing the Franck–Condon overlap form of the transition amplitude to a partial wave series involving overlap expressions for the partial wave transition matrices. These quantities are then approximately separated into products of angular coordinate factors and vibration–translation factors. To evaluate the angular coordinate factor, we examine the limits of strong and weak potential and kinematic coupling, where simple dynamical approximations (such as sudden approximations) may be used, and we are thus able to do the integrations analytically. The vibration–translation factor is evaluated by reducing it to an overlap similar in form to one previously analyzed for collinear reactions (Ref. 1), with some differences arising from centrifugal forces. The resulting formulas for product internal state di...
Early auditory experience aligns the auditory map of space in the optic tectum of the barn owl

Auditory and visual space are mapped in the optic tectum of the barn owl. Normally, these maps of space are in close mutual alignment. Ear plugs inserted unilaterally in young barn owls disrupted the binaural cues that constitute the basis of the auditory map. Yet when recordings were made from the tecta of these birds as adults, the auditory and visual maps were in register. When the ear plugs were removed from these adult birds and binaural balance was restored, the auditory maps were shifted substantially relative to the visual maps and relative to the physical borders of the tecta. These results demonstrate that the neural connectivity that gives rise to the auditory map of space in the optic tectum can be modified by experience in such a way that spatial alignment between sensory modalities is maintained.
Cholecystitis secondary to infusion chemotherapy

This report centers on a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer who developed acute and chronic cholecystitis secondary to the infusion of FUDR (fluoro-deoxyuridine) into the hepatic artery. This was documented by sonography, cholescintigraphy, and, ultimately, pathologically on the surgically removed specimen. Undoubtedly, with increasing cumulative treatment days made possible through technological advances in delivery systems, this complication will be seen more frequently. Prophylactic removal of the gallbladder, at the time of pump placement, which does not significantly prolong the operative time nor increase the operative mortality, should be performed to prevent this complication from occurring.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Multiple-Line Laser Sintering of a Two-Component Metal Powder Layer on Top of Sintered Layers

Multiple line laser scan sintering of a two-component metal powder layer on top of the sintered layers with a moving circular Gaussian laser beam is modeled numerically. The overlap between the adjacent scan lines to achieve enhanced bonding is taken into account. The binding between the newly sintered layer and existing sintered layers underneath through melting is also considered. The governing equation is formulated by a temperature-transforming model with partial shrinkage induced by melting considered. The liquid flow of the molten low melting point metal powders, which is driven by capillary and gravity forces, is formulated by Darcy’s law. The effects of the dominant processing parameters, including the moving laser beam intensity, scanning speed and number of the existing sintered layers underneath, on the shape of the heat affected zone (HAZ) are investigated. A parametric study is performed and the best combination of the processing parameters is recommended.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Covalent binding of suprofen to renal tissue of rat correlates with excretion of its acyl glucuronide

1. Dosing rat with suprofen produces suprofen equivalents that are covalently bound to plasma and tissue proteins in vivo.2. Suprofen acyl glucuronide is reactive in vitro, resulting in suprofen equivalents covalently bound to proteins of plasma and tissues in a time-dependent manner.3. Bile duct ligation of rat increases exposure to suprofen acyl glucuronide in vivo, which leads to enhanced covalent binding of suprofen equivalents to plasma proteins and to kidney tissue.4. Covalent binding of suprofen equivalents to kidney tissue correlates with excretion of suprofen and suprofen glucuronide by the kidney.
Variables Affecting Racial-Identity Salience Among African Americans

The author clarified the African American racial-group identification process by addressing the issue of salience and its relationship to racial-group attitudes. A sample of 409 African American adults responded to surveys pertaining to their racial-group salience, racial-group attitudes, racial socialization, racial-group interaction, political activism, experiences of discrimination, and demographic data (e.g., sex, age, and income). The author tested 3 hypotheses: (a) Racial socialization and interaction with other African Americans are predictive of African American racial-identity salience; (b) discriminatory experiences are predictive of African American racial-identity salience; and (c) racial-identity salience is a stronger predictor of African American racial-group identification than are previously identified predictive variables (D. H. Demo & M. Hughes, 1990; V. L. Thompson Sanders, 1991, 1995). The results supported the 1st and 3rd hypotheses.
On the nature of the infrared spectrum of water vapor between 8 and 14 μm.

Abstract Some new results on the continuum absorption of water vapor in the thermal i.r. between 8 and 14μm are presented along with a brief review of currently adapted empirical and semi-empirical models explaining its nature. The original suggestion by Penner 1 that the observed absorption might be by dimers of water molecules in the vapor phase is reexamined in light of the new results.
Three-dimensional evolution of mechanical percolation in nanocomposites with random microstructures

Abstract One mechanism that is expected to play a large role in the enhanced properties of nanocomposites is the formation of percolated or connected microstructures. Traditional percolation models, well developed for modeling electrical conductivity, are largely empirical and have little foundation in mechanics. Analytic micromechanics models, without the ability to describe random microstructural arrangement do not capture effects associated with the evolution of a percolated microstructure. In this work, a unit cell micromechanics model is used to predict the effective composite properties of simulated random microstructures in particulate reinforced composites. Scale effects, which are present in nanocomposites, are introduced into the model through the inclusion of an interfacial region linked to the size of the reinforcing phase. By tracking and observing the variability in the predicted effective properties due to random microstructures, the onset and evolution of mechanical percolation and related microstructural events can be tracked.
Free expression in the workplace: Does the public-private distinction matter?

This article presents an argument for a judicial approach to ward employee free speech cases that would afford private sector employees substantially greater free speech protection. The argument proceeds first by examining a recent case,Novosel v. Nationwide Insurance Company, which if followed widely as precedent would make the public-private distinction much less important in employee free speech cases. This examination results in a strong endorsement of theNovosel decision. A clear statement of the reasons for the endorsement, however, takes one far beyond the opinion of the court into an analysis of the conditions under which courts may rely upon public policy as a basis for decision.
Quantification of the absorption cross sections of surface-adsorbed nitric acid in the 335-365 nm region by Brewster angle cavity ring-down spectroscopy

Abstract We have quantified absorption cross sections of surface-adsorbed HNO 3 in the 335–365 nm region at 295 K by using Brewster angle cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Absorption cross sections for HNO 3 adsorbed on fused silica surfaces ranged between (3.1 ± 0.5) × 10 −19 and (0.44 ± 0.04) × 10 −19 cm 2 /molecule in the wavelength region studied. The HNO 3 surface cross section values are at least two orders of magnitude larger than HNO 3 cross section values of about −22 cm 2 /molecule in the gas phase over the 335–350 nm range. Our results support the field-observed large differences between nitric acid photolysis rates on the surface and that of the gas phase.
Simplifying capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry operation: Eliminating capillary derivatization by using self-coating background electrolytes

Abstract To simplify capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS) operation, a background electrolyte (BGE) containing a polymer additive is introduced that allows the analysis of peptides and protein mixtures in underivatized fused-silica capillaries without any pretreatment, thereby increasing throughput. The most important characteristic of these polymer additives is that they do not significantly suppress the signals of the proteins and peptides under electrospray ionization, thereby allowing them to be used as an additive to common BGEs that are used for CE–MS analysis of peptide and protein mixtures. In addition, because the fused-silica capillary inner wall is continuously coated with the polymer additive, migration irreproducibility, due to the degradation of the capillary inner wall coating, under CE–MS is minimized. High sensitivity of detection, migration reproducibility, and ease of fabrication allow CE–MS analyses that require long analysis time, such as (CE–MS/MS)n, to be performed with ease. The utility of this background electrolyte has been demonstrated for the analysis of complex protein digests and intact proteins.
Query execution in DIRECT

In this paper query organization, execution, and optimization in the database machine DIRECT are discussed. We demonstrate that the use of a monitor for each relation referenced by a query along with the use of the NEXT PAGE construct permits the DIRECT back-end controller to assign a query to any number of processors for execution. Furthermore, these constructs also permit the controller to balance the load in the back-end by dynamically adjusting how many processors are assigned to each executing query.We also identify the problem of relation fragmentation which occurs when a query is executed by several processors in parallel and develop a technique for estimating the optimal number of processors to compress a relation so that the execution time of the entire query is minimized. These results appear to be applicable to all database machines which employ parallel processing techniques to enhance query execution.
Mitral valve replacement with a calcified annulus

A densely and extensively calcified mitral annulus presents a formidable technical challenge during mitral valve repairs and replacements. Theoretically, leaving the calcium intact reduces the risk of particulate embolization and ventricular rupture but increases the risk of paravalvular leaks from the poor coaptation of the valve to the uneven rigid annulus. Removing the calcium provides a smoother and more pliable surface for the valve to coapt against but increases the risk of atrioventricular rupture. Atrioventricular ruptures can be repaired but the mortality after this event is very high. It takes only one nightmarishly long day trying to unsuccessfully repair an atrioventricular disruption after an isolated mitral valve operation to consider less radical approaches to the annular calcification. An informal survey of surgeons at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation found that most never removed any calcium or only the minimal amount needed to seat the valve. This surprising yet practical approach is in contrast to the published manuscripts that describe extensive calcium removal for both repairs and replacement.1–3 Understanding the pathology of mitral annular calcification may help explain this. Carpentier has shown that the calcification is posterior to the trigones in 98% of the cases, with the majority (73%) having the calcium localized to the posteromedial half of the annulus. More significantly, the calcium is restricted to the annulus in 77.5% of the cases, extends into the leaflets in 6%, and in 20% of the cases extensively involves the ventricular myocardium or papillary muscles.1 This suggests that in only a minority of cases will the calcium be so extensive as to require radical debridement. In this section, I will cover how I approach moderate to severely calcified annuli, including both conservative and radical management of the annular calcium.
Eric Voegelin and David Walsh on Modernity and the Search for Order

Abstract David Walsh is a student of Eric Voegelin's political thought, and this essay evaluates the influence of Voegelin's work on Walsh, while also suggesting how Walsh deviates from Voegelin's philosophy. The analysis is performed in terms of several key concepts from Voegelin's work, including Gnosticism, metaxy, luminosity, equivalences of experience, and history. It is argued that Walsh makes extensive use of Voegelin's ideas of metaxy, luminosity, and the equivalences of experience, but that he transforms these concepts as he moves beyond Voegelin's philosophy of consciousness and turns to a philosophy of existence that is not subject to the epistemological problems that continue to challenge Voegelin's thought. Finally, it is suggested that, in so doing, Walsh is actually continuing Voegelin's philosophical project, rather than undermining it.
Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy

Distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation may be the preferred procedure for certain benign tumors and cystic lesions of the pancreatic body or tail. Alternatively, laparoscopic removal including either distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy or splenic-preservation with ligation of the splenic vessels have also been described. We describe, herein, our method to perform spleen-preserving laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy that preserves the splenic vessels and hence splenic function. The described technique of spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy has been used in two patients with favorable results. Both patients underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with splenic conservation for an oligocystic serous cystadenoma and serous cystadenoma. Operative time was 3-6 hours with total blood loss of less than 200 cc in both cases. The length of stay in the hospital was 4-8 days and both patients returned to work within 3 weeks. Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy should be considered for younger patients with select body or tail lesions that are not candidates for less extensive procedures.
Nomograms of the axial fetal cerebellar hemisphere circumference and area throughout gestation.

Objective The widely applied transcerebellar diameter (TCD) obtained at axial cranial imaging, measures the distance between the lateral aspects of the cerebellum and incorporates the width of the cerebellar vermis. Our objective was to create reference ranges of axial fetal cerebellar hemisphere circumference (CHC) and area (CHA), independent of the cerebellar vermis, throughout gestation. Methods This cross-sectional study involved pregnant patients between 14 and 41 weeks of gestation. Inclusion criteria consisted of well-established dates (confirmed by early ultrasound), non-anomalous singleton fetuses and intact amniotic membranes. Sonographic measurements included biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), humerus length (HL), TCD, and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Values of axial fetal CHC and CHA were each calculated as the mean of three separate measurements. The 5th, 50th and 95th centiles were estimated at each week of gestational age (GA) by least-squares regression for the mean and standard deviation (SD) of the CHC and CHA as functions of GA. r2 and associated P-values for the relationships of CHC and CHA with other sonographic biometric measurements were calculated. Results The study included 651 consecutive patients. All attempts at obtaining axial fetal CHC and CHA were successful. Mean maternal age was 27.3 ± 6.7 years, median gravidity was 1 (range 1–16), and median parity was 1 (range 0–6). Mean CHC (cm) throughout gestation was modeled as − 2.091 + 0.2563 × GA (weeks) (SD = − 0.075 + 0.0164 × GA), and mean CHA (cm2) was modeled as 0.245–0.0765 × GA+ 0.00506 × GA2 (SD = 1.167 − 0.1565 × GA + 0.006785 × GA2 − 0.00008028 × GA3). Fetal axial CHC and CHA correlated significantly and strongly with BPD, HC, AC, HL, FL, TCD and EFW (all R2 values were ≥ 0.95, and all P-values were < 0.001). Conclusion Nomograms of axial fetal cerebellar hemisphere circumference and area throughout gestation, independent of the cerebellar vermis, have been provided. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EFFECTS OF LEARNING ON RESOURCE ALLOCATION DECISIONS

Learning curves have important implications for managerial planning and control. This paper considers the effect of learning on managerial planning models for productmix problems that can be handled by a linear-programming formulation. An approach to incorporate learning effects in the planning model is proposed in this paper. The feasibility and superiority of the proposed approach over the traditional approach are discussed through the use of a linear-programming problem.
Molecular analysis and breakpoint definition of a set of human chromosome 21 somatic cell hybrids.

Rodent-human somatic cell hybrids containing single human chromosomes or chromosome fragments are extremely valuable in physical mapping, marker analysis, and disease mapping. Chromosome 21 has been extensively studied in this fashion, and a single set of hybrids has been utilized in mapping the majority of chromosome 21 markers. The utility of a set of hybrids depends upon the definition of the human chromosome content. Recently, Chumakov and coworkers (1) utilized 198 chromosome 21 markers in the preliminary analysis of YACs spanning chromosome 21q. We have used these same markers to evaluate the STS content of a set of 27 chromosome 21 somatic cell hybrids, resulting in the description of the breakpoints at the molecular level, as well as the definition of 35 “bins.” The detailed molecular definition of chromosome 21 content of the hybrids, in combination with the further analysis of chromosome 21 YACs (2), has resulted in the most detailed picture of chromosome 21 to date.
Thermally Assisted Escape of Ions from Vortices in He II

The theory of ion escape from vortices in helium is re-examined with the introduction of non-Markoffian features of the ion-vortex interaction. After several physically motivated approximations the present theory takes the form of earlier theories except that the hydrodynamic potential is replaced by an effective potential depending on the ion mobility. A conflict with experiment is thereby resolved, and one can proceed to use escape data to investigate the vortex core structure.
Influence of variety, site and storage on physical, sensory and compositional aspects of mashed potato

Over two seasons, eight potato varieties were grown locally and the three principal UK maincrop varieties at different sites. After periods of storage domestically prepared mashed potato was made from this material and assessed for back extrusion, adhesion, particle and cell size and distribution, ‘free’ starch, dry matter and cell wall polysaccharides in conjunction with sensory textural assessments for mealiness, moisture and structure. The results indicate that there are strong correlations between the physical measurements of work done during back extrusion (EWD) and the deformation to peak adhesion force (ADP) with both dry matter (DM) and the mean sensory scores for mealiness, moisture and structure. The sensory characteristics were also highly interdependent. The r value of these relationships declines after prolonged storage. No significant correlations were found between particle size or cell size and distribution and any of the physical, sensory or compositional data at any storage time. With the three principal UK maincrop varieties, site influenced DM and hence physical and sensory texture more strongly than variety.
Bladder reconstruction after cystectomy: Use of ileocecal segment and three-loop ileal reservoir

Abstract We report on 11 patients who in 1980–1982 had bladder reconstruction, after cystectomy for bladder cancer, utilizing the ileocecal valve as an antireflux mechanism and a direct urethrocecal anastomosis. They received preoperative irradiation (2,000 rad) and had some early complications such as pelvic abscesses and temporary urinary fistulas. We have since omitted preoperative radiation on cases performed in 1984–1987 and they did not have these complications.
Decoupling versus excluded volume or return of the giant wormholes

Abstract A recent analysis by Preskill suggests that small wormholes can crowd out large ones, solving the giant wormhole catastrophe of Kaplunovsky, Fischler, and Susskind but violating decoupling. A study of a simple model of wormholes of different scales shows that decoupling is respected and the KFS catastrophe is still present. An alternative resolution due to Coleman and Lee is also criticized. New classical wormhole solutions, in pure gravity with a Wilsonian cutoff, are found.
Lipoteichoic acids from d-glucosylation-defective, cell-wall mutants of Bacillus subtilis

Lipoteichoic acids from Bacillus subtilis 168 and its gta mutants were partially purified and characterized. The teichoic acids contain glycerol residues and phosphorus in equimolar ratios, and fatty acids. Some contaminating protein and nucleic acids were also present in the preparations. Gel electrophoresis of the preparations revealed the presence of common proteins, suggestive of functional protein-lipoteichoic acid complexes in bacterial membranes. All of the lipoteichoic acids were partially d-glucosylated, as evidenced by enzymic analysis. The d-gIucose residues were in the α anomeric configuration, as shown by precipitation with concanavalin A. The data suggested that some, but not all, of the pathways leading to the d-glucosylation of the cell-wall teichoic acid are functional in the d-glucosylation of the membrane teichoic acids. The lipoteichoic acids were complexed with methylated bovine serum albumin, and injected into rabbits, in order to elicit a humoral immune-response. Antibodies were directed against poly(glycerol phosphate) and not against the d-glucosyl residues of the lipoteichoic acids. The antibody preparations cross-reacted with all of the membrane teichoic acids. Soluble, cell-wall teichoic acid was a potent inhibitor of passive hemmagglutination in a system containing lipoteichoic acid-sensitized, sheep red-blood cells and anti-lipoteichoic acid antiserum.
A SURVEY OF STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION IN A CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL

SYNOPSIS A retrospective study of streptococcal infection in patients and staff at the Adelaide Children's Hospital and a prospective study of 400 control children showed high infection rates in all groups and in the patients considerable streptococcal disease. The need for diagnostic awareness, follow-up and surveillance programs, cross infection control and continuing research are stressed.
Gray Leaf Spot of Perennial Ryegrass

Diagnosis of gray leaf spot (caused by Magnaporthe oryzae) of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is discussed in detail, including the disease's symptoms and signs, host range, taxonomy, and geogr...
Implications of the long term bridge performance program for life cycle costing in the United States

Since 1972, the United States, like many countries, has collected information on its highway bridges as part of a national bridge inspection program. This information is maintained by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) database. The NBI contains information on the condition of more than 590×103 bridges, tunnels, and culverts located on public roads. It is one of the most comprehensive sources of long term bridge information in the world. In recent years, a majority of the states have implemented element level inspection programs to support state and local level bridge management programs. A basic limitation of both the NBI and the element level approach is that the data collected relies upon visual inspection techniques. The subjective, variable, and generalized nature of this data makes it less desirable for comprehensive long term life cycle decision support. The research necessary to support the information needs for bridge management for the future, includ...
Estimating long‐term effects of treatment from placebo‐controlled trials with an extension period, using virtual twins

The best information about the benefits of long-term treatment is obtained from a long-term placebo-controlled trial. However, once efficacy has been demonstrated in relatively brief trials, it may not be possible to conduct long-term placebo-controlled trials, for ethical or practical reasons. This paper presents a method for estimating long-term effects of a treatment from a placebo-controlled trial in which some participants originally randomized to active-treatment volunteer to continue on treatment during an extension study, but follow-up of participants originally assigned to placebo ends with the trial, or they are crossed over to active treatment during the extension. We propose using data from the trial to project the outcomes for a 'virtual twin' for each active-treatment volunteer under the counterfactual placebo condition, and using bootstrap methods for inference. The proposed method is validated using simulation, and applied to data from the Fracture Intervention Trial and its extension, FLEX.
The Roles of Intuition and Informants' Expertise in Children's Epistemic Trust.

This study examined how children's intuitions and informants’ expertise influence children's trust in informants’ claims. Three- to 8-year-olds (N = 192) watched videos in which experts (animal/biology experts or artifact/physics experts) made either intuitively plausible or counterintuitive claims about obscure animals or artifacts. Claims fell either within or beyond experts’ domains of expertise. Children of all ages were more trusting of claims made by informants with relevant, as opposed to irrelevant, expertise. Children also showed greater acceptance of intuitive rather than counterintuitive claims, a differentiation that increased with age as they developed firmer intuitions about what can ordinarily happen. In summary, children's trust in testimony depends on whether informants have the relevant expertise as well as on children's own developing intuitions.