cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The interaction of slow positrons with organic moecules above and below positronium formation thresholds

A review is given of the ionization of organic moecules by monoenergetic positrons having energies in the range of 0.5–15 eV. Two mechanisms, unique to positrons, are described. If the kinetic energy of the positron is above the positronium formation threshold, such that electrons can be removed from the molecules to form free positronium atoms, the ionization/fragmentation behavior can be explained qualitatively by a modification of the Ore gap theory. To explain how positrons can ionize and fragment molecules when their kinetic energies are below the positronium formation threshold, it is necessary to assume that energy is transferred to the molecule by the annihilation process. Ionization cross sections for positrons having kinetic energies below the positronium formation threshold are sensitive to molecular size, structure and bond types. Continuing work involves a search for positronium compound formation and measurements of the kinetic energy distributions of ions.
MYOSIN STABILITY IN INTACT CHICKEN MUSCLE AND A PROTEIN COMPONENT RELEASED AFTER AGING

SUMMARY– My osin from both red (myosin-R) and white (myosin-W) chicken muscle was extracted with Hasselbach-Schneider solution after the muscle had aged for 30 min and 24 hr post-mortem. Myosin-W from aged muscle contained a fast moving boundary in sedimentation velocity studies. When this fraction (component T) was separated on a DEAE-Sephadex column, the ATPase activity and sedimentation pattern of the resulting myosin were similar to those of chromatographed myosin from unaged muscle. The numbers of sulfhydryl groups in both myosin-R and myosin-W were not affected by aging. The extinction coefficient and absorption spectrum of component T were different from those of myosin, and component T had neither ATPase nor 5′-adenylic acid deaminase activity. Lowering the pH of myosin extracted from unaged muscle to the pH values found in muscle aged for 24 hr caused aggregation and loss of ATPase activity. These aggregates of myosin differed from component T in both sedimentation velocity and chromatographic pattern.
Predictive Methods To Estimate Solvent Free-Volume Parameters and Diffusion Coefficients in Polymer/Solvent Systems

In this study, two predictive methods to estimate solvent free-volume parameters are proposed. In one method, solvent free-volume parameters can be estimated using the viscosity data predicted from a group contribution method. To test the validity of the method, solvent self-diffusion coefficients in polystyrene are correlated and predicted, in conjunction with Vrentas and Duda free-volume theory, using two sets of solvent free-volume parameters determined from predicted and experimental viscosity data. For correlations, the results using both sets of solvent free-volume parameters are satisfactory. For predictions, however, the solvent free-volume parameters estimated from predicted viscosities represent the diffusion behavior better than the parameters obtained from experimental viscosity data at higher solvent concentrations, while the trend is reversed at lower solvent concentrations. In the other method, if free-volume parameters for some solvents in a series are known, the parameters for other solve...
Predictive value of neuropsychological assessment; with regards to life expectancy among cardiac bypass surgery patients

This follow-up study to Keith et al. (2002) sought to explore relations between the cognitive, neuropsychological, and psychosocial sequelae of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery (CPB) and survival. A neuropsychological test battery including the state portion of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (S-STAI), reaction time, visual attention (VFA), rotor pursuit, visual spatial memory, verbal memory and paired associations (PA) was administered. PA (P < .05), VFA and S-STAI scores were related with 5–7 year survival. After the Benjamini-Hochberg method was employed to control for multiple comparisons only S-STAI scores remained significant. Results of logistic regression indicate that pre-CPB surgery scores on the S-STAI accurately predicted 5–7 year survival and mortality in 66% and 83% of cases respectively.
A focus on acute sinusitis in adults: changes in disease management

Sinusitis is a prevalent and costly disease that affects >14% of the population and accounts for >$2 billion in yearly healthcare costs. It is one of the most common conditions treated by primary care physicians. The multiple host and environmental factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease and the lack of clear guidelines for diagnosis and treatment pose a challenge to effective management of the problem. The diagnosis of uncomplicated cases rests mainly on the history and clinical examination; attempts have been made to identify the most useful clinical predictors of acute bacterial sinusitis. Microbiologic and imaging studies are rarely performed during the initial assessment and are usually reserved for recurrent or refractory disease. Treatment involves drainage of the congested sinuses and elimination of pathogenic organisms. Although antimicrobial therapy hastens the resolution of symptoms of acute sinusitis, the need for antimicrobial therapy remains questionable, and its judicious use is challenged by the increase in antibiotic-resistant Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, the organisms most commonly implicated in acute sinusitis. A lack of resolution or frequent recurrence of sinusitis warrants evaluation by a specialist.
Anatomy and physiology of hair

To interpret the results of hair analysis tests accurately and to understand the appropriate role of hair analysis in drug abuse testing, a basic understanding of the biology of hair is necessary. Although hair may appear to be a simple structure, it is actually a complex part of the anatomy whose biology is only partially understood. Hair grows from small organs (follicles) located within the complex microenvironment of the skin which has multiple layers of tissue, three glands whose secretions bathe hair, and multiple vascular systems which are capable of transferring drugs to hair at many levels along the length of the hair shaft. The advantages and disadvantages of using scalp, beard, or pubic hair as specimens for hair analysis are also considered.
Pricing research and development services in the USSR

Abstract Most Soviet applied research and development (R&D) is performed by organizations of industrial branch ministries. Pricing of applied R&D begins with calculations of costs. which are often inflated. Soviet specialists disagree on whether R&D prices should include a profit above cost, and, if so, how the profit should be determined. Current pricing schemes for applied R&D include profits based on planned wage cost, on planned total cost, or on the economic effect of the R&D. The use of the last pricing method is analyzed and evaluated in detail. In principle this method creates incentives for timely delivery of high quality R&D results suitable for assimilation into production. However, in practice the strength of these incentives is considerably weakened by a number of factors.
The Effects of Globalization and Neoliberalism in Latin America at the Beginning of the Millennium

This article critically examines the contemporary effects of globalization and neoliberalism in Latin America. It analyzes the context, nature, and effects of these two global forces in relation to the prevailing economic, political, and social conditions in the region at the beginning of the new millennium. This is followed by an examination of the extent of popular resistance to the neoliberal regimes that presently rule in the region, and the prospects for replacing the current neoliberal pattern of development in Latin America.
Osseous sarcoidosis: a case of evolving MR appearances correlating with clinical symptoms

Osseous sarcoidosis of the axial skeleton is typically asymptomatic and not routinely imaged with MRI. The natural history of sarcoidosis is generally felt to be resolution spontaneously or with treatment, or unremitting progression. We report a case of recurrent active symptomatic disease after an initial response to immunomodulator treatment with an unusual halo of T2-hyperintensity surrounding treated fibrofatty vestigial lesions.
Accumulation of an antidepressant in vesiculogenic membranes of yeast cells triggers autophagy

Many antidepressants are cationic amphipaths, which spontaneously accumulate in natural or reconstituted membranes in the absence of their specific protein targets. However, the clinical relevance of cellular membrane accumulation by antidepressants in the human brain is unknown and hotly debated. Here we take a novel, evolutionarily informed approach to studying the effects of the selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline/Zoloft® on cell physiology in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast), which lacks a serotonin transporter entirely. We biochemically and pharmacologically characterized cellular uptake and subcellular distribution of radiolabeled sertraline, and in parallel performed a quantitative ultrastructural analysis of organellar membrane homeostasis in untreated vs. sertraline-treated cells. These experiments have revealed that sertraline enters yeast cells and then reshapes vesiculogenic membranes by a complex process. Internalization of the neutral species proceeds by simple diffusion, is accelerated by proton motive forces generated by the vacuolar H+-ATPase, but is counteracted by energy-dependent xenobiotic efflux pumps. At equilibrium, a small fraction (10–15%) of reprotonated sertraline is soluble while the bulk (90–85%) partitions into organellar membranes by adsorption to interfacial anionic sites or by intercalation into the hydrophobic phase of the bilayer. Asymmetric accumulation of sertraline in vesiculogenic membranes leads to local membrane curvature stresses that trigger an adaptive autophagic response. In mutants with altered clathrin function, this adaptive response is associated with increased lipid droplet formation. Our data not only support the notion of a serotonin transporter-independent component of antidepressant function, but also enable a conceptual framework for characterizing the physiological states associated with chronic but not acute antidepressant administration in a model eukaryote.
Cultured human melanocytes from black and white donors have different sunlight and ultraviolet A radiation sensitivities.

Abstract Short-term and long-term survival of cultured neonatal foreskin melanocytes from black and white individuals were assessed following a single exposure to simulated sunlight or ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. Melanocytes from black individuals contained significantly more melanin than melanocytes from white individuals (p 2 . There was no difference in unscheduled DNA synthesis in the black or white melanocytes following simulated sunlight exposure and no unscheduled DNA synthesis was measurable following melanocyte exposure to UVA radiation. Low-dose UVA (1 or 5 J/cm 2 ) was mitogenic to both black and white melanocytes. By analysis of co-variance, the melanin content of melanocytes of black and white subjects was significantly (p
The Structure of Discourse in Collaborative Learning

Abstract The authors examined the types of discourse structures that emerge during peer learning and the ways in which those structures are related to learning. One hundred and five 5th graders learned about writing conclusions that summarized the results of experiments they had conducted with electrical circuits. In groups of 4, they discussed the quality of 3 conclusions. The discourse structure of the discussions could be readily characterized as a network of arguments and counterarguments. The quantitative measures of the quality of those argument structures were positively related to improvement in the students' ability to write their own conclusions. In addition, the students who simply discussed whether the 3 conclusions were OK or not OK generated less complex argument structures than the students who discussed which of the 3 conclusions was best and which was worst. The results demonstrate the importance of considering the structure of peer discourse as a mediator of what students learn from peer...
The androgen receptor (AR) amino-terminus imposes androgen-specific regulation of AR gene expression via an exonic enhancer

Androgen and glucocorticoid receptor (AR, GR), two closely related members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, can recognize a similar cis-acting DNA sequence, or hormone response element (HRE). Despite this apparent commonality, these receptors regulate distinct target genes in vivo. The AR gene itself is regulated by AR but not GR in a variety of cell types, including osteoblast-like cells, as shown here. To understand this specificity, we first identified the DNA sequences responsible for androgen-mediated up-regulation of AR messenger RNA. A 6.5-kb region encompassing exon D, intron 4, and exon E of the AR gene contains four exonic HREs and exhibits cell type-specific, AR-mediated transcriptional enhancement when placed upstream of a heterologous promoter and reporter gene. A 350-bp fragment consisting of just exons D and E exhibits the same cell- and androgen-specificity as the 6.5-kb region, as well as the native AR gene. Consistent with a role for the exonic HREs, androgen regulation via this intragenic enhancer requires the HREs as well as a functional receptor DNA binding domain. A panel of AR/GR chimeric receptors was used to test which AR domains (amino-terminal, DNA binding or ligand binding) confer androgen-specific regulation of the 350-bp enhancer. Only chimeric receptors containing the amino-terminus of AR induced reporter gene activity from the AR gene enhancer. Further, a constitutively active AR consisting of only the AR amino-terminus and DNA binding domain (AA phi) retained the capacity to activate the internal responsive region, unlike a constitutively active chimera harboring the GR amino-terminus and AR DNA binding domain (GA phi). Thus, the AR amino terminus is the sole determinant for androgen-specific regulation of the AR gene internal enhancer. These findings support a model in which the amino termini of ARs bound to HREs within the AR gene interact with an exclusive auxiliary factor(s) to elicit androgen-specific regulation of AR messenger RNA. This is the first example of androgen-specific response in which the necessary and sufficient distinguishing capacity resides within the AR amino terminus.
Effect of Layer Thickness and Orientation Angle on Surface Roughness in Laminated Object Manufacturing

Abstract The laminated object manufacturing (LOM) process is a freeform fabrication process used to produce wood-like prototypes and patterns for manufacturing processes such as sand casting. Therefore, surface roughness is an important factor in the utility of LOM prototypes. This study investigated the source of surface roughness in the LOM process to offer insight into the in-process control of surface roughness. A full-factorial experiment was performed to investigate the effect of layer thickness and orientation angle on the centerline average surface roughness of LOM prototypes. Results show orientation angle and paper thickness to be statistically significant. Further, the nature of surface roughness in LOM was found to be different than the nature of surface roughness in other freeform fabrication processes such as stereolithography. Overall, this study indicates that the inprocess control of prototype surface roughness may be possible in LOM by gaining greater control of the working distance during processing.
Project Aura: toward distraction-free pervasive computing

The most precious resource in a computer system is no longer its processor, memory, disk, or network, but rather human attention. Aura aims to minimize distractions on a user's attention, creating an environment that adapts to the user's context and needs. Aura is specifically intended for pervasive computing environments involving wireless communication, wearable or handheld computers, and smart spaces. Human attention is an especially scarce resource in such environments, because the user is often preoccupied with walking, driving, or other real-world interactions. In addition, mobile computing poses difficult challenges such as intermittent and variable-bandwidth connectivity, concern for battery life, and the client resource constraints that weight and size considerations impose. To accomplish its ambitious goals, research in Aura spans every system level: from the hardware, through the operating system, to applications and end users. Underlying this diversity of concerns, Aura applies two broad concepts. First, it uses proactivity, which is a system layer's ability to anticipate requests from a higher layer. In today's systems, each layer merely reacts to the layer above it. Second, Aura is self-tuning: layers adapt by observing the demands made on them and adjusting their performance and resource usage characteristics accordingly. Currently, system-layer behavior is relatively static. Both of these techniques will help lower demand for human attention.
A terrain-following coordinate system—Derivation of diagnostic relationships

Generalized hydrostatic and geostrophic equations can be derived from the equations in the terrain-following framework. The generalized hydrostatic equation permits some non-hydrostatic motions (as obtained from a Cartesian framework) to remain when a non-zero slope exists. Correspondingly, the generalized geostrophic wind permits a horizontal divergent component (in addition to divergence caused by the change of Coriolis parameter with latitude) to occur when the slope angle is not zero.
Alteration of type I and III collagen expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells in response to hypoxia and transforming growth factor‐β1

Overexpression and accumulation of extracellular matrix is central to peritoneal adhesion formation following surgically induced tissue trauma. Transforming growth factor-beta1 and hypoxia have been implicated in tissue fibrosis and postoperative adhesion formation. To extend this observation we examined whether transforming growth factor-beta1 and/or hypoxia regulate the expression of type I and III collagen in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Cultured human mesothelial cells were maintained under hypoxia (2% oxygen), or treated with transforming growth factor-beta1 (1 ng/ml) or a combination of hypoxia and transforming growth factor-beta1. Total cellular RNA from treated and untreated cells were collected and subjected to multiplex reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction to quantitate collagen I and III mRNA levels in response to these treatments. The results indicate that 6 hours of hypoxia increased collagen III mRNA by 7.2 fold which was further increased to 9.4 fold following transforming growth factor-beta1 treatment; in contrast collagen I mRNA decreased by 0.42 fold which was further decreased by 0.3 fold following transforming growth factor-beta1 treatment. Transforming growth factor-beta1 treatment under normal conditions resulted in an 8.4-fold increase and a 0.3-fold decrease in collagen III and I mRNA levels, respectively. Hypoxia treatment also resulted in a 1.9-fold increase in transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA level compared with control. The ratio of type III/I collagen was increased in response to transforming growth factor-beta1 treatment under hypoxic condition. In conclusion, the data suggest that hypoxia may modulate extracellular matrix production by human mesothelial cells via a transforming growth factor-beta1 dependent mechanism.
Behavioral and neurotransmitter specific roles for the ventral tegmental area in reinforcer-seeking and intake

Background The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a pivotal relay site within the reinforcement circuit that has been shown to play a role in ethanol-motivated behaviors. The primary dopamine projections within this system originate in the VTA and innervate several areas including the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and the PFC has afferent glutamate projections to the VTA and the NAc. The following studies utilized two different operant paradigms, one focusing on reinforcer-seeking and one on reinforcer drinking, (both with an ethanol and a sucrose reinforcer solution) to elucidate regulation of these behaviors by the posterior VTA, and the specific roles of dopamine and glutamate in this region.
Abstract 2730: Novel animal models of pancreatic cancer induced by smoking and chronic pancreatitis.

Background and Aims: Smoking and pancreatitis are two major risk factors for pancreatic cancer. We developed novel mouse models of pancreatic cancer induced by smoking and chronic pancreatitis. We used two pancreatic cancer mouse models induced by overexpression of Kras with two different degrees of disease complexity. Methods: Wild type (WT), EL-Kras and Pdx1-Cre;LSL-Kras transgenic mice were subjected to a major cigarette smoke compound nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) at doses close to those accumulated with smoking (100mg/kg) or exposed to tobacco smoke (80mg/m3) in tobacco smoke chambers for five days a week during 6 weeks. Standard model of chronic pancreatitis induced by cerulein injections (50μg/kg) for 3 weeks was applied to WT and Pdx1-Cre;LSL-Kras mice. Mice were then sacrificed and pancreatic tissue analyzed. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL. Autophagy was assessed by measuring autophagic markers LC3-II and p62. Pancreatic lesions, proliferation, fibrosis and inflammation were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and expression of stem cell markers were analyzed by Western. Results: NNK and exposure to tobacco smoke significantly increased the number and stage of pancreatic neoplastic (PanIN) lesions in Kras transgenic mice. Smoking stimulated fibrosis and stellate cells activation but had no significant effect on inflammation. EMT markers (decrease in E-Cadherin and increase in vimentin protein levels) were stimulated by NNK and tobacco smoke exposure in both WT and transgenic mice. NNK decreased apoptosis and LC3-II level in Kras mice. In addition, smoking stimulated expression of stem cell markers sox2 and CD133. Cerulein stimulated fibrosis, stellate cells activation, inflammation, and slightly stimulated EMT in WT and transgenic mice. Combination of smoking and cerulein had additive effect on stimulation of PanIN lesion formation, fibrosis, EMT and stem cell markers induction. Conclusion: The results indicate that both tobacco smoke and chronic cerulein pancreatitis promote pancreatic cancer progression in both EL-Kras and Pdx1-Cre;LSL-Kras mice models. Smoking acts through enhancing fibrosis and EMT; whereas pancreatitis stimulates mainly inflammation and fibrosis. Smoking and pancreatitis have additive effect on fibrosis, EMT and acquiring of stem cell characteristics. Citation Format: Shiping Xu, Paul J. Grippo, Oxana M. Khayrutdinova, Samuel W. French, Stephen J. Pandol, Anna S. Gukovskaya, Mouad Edderkaoui. Novel animal models of pancreatic cancer induced by smoking and chronic pancreatitis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2730. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2730
The averaged electrical responses to diffuse and to patterned light in the human.

Abstract 1. 1. A marked difference was obtained in the averaged electrical responses of normal subjects when patterned light was used for stimulation instead of diffuse light. This difference is manifested mainly by the presence of a surface-positive “late wave” (180–375 msec), the amplitude of which varies with the density of contrast borders between black and white lines of the stimulus pattern. The different effect of diffuse and patterned light was also manifested with paired and with repetitive stimuli. Since the “light response”, the “cortical excitability cycle” and the “driving” vary with comparatively subtle changes of the input, these evoked phenomena cannot be considered to be only expressions of invariable cortical characteristics. 2. 2. Spontaneous or induced changes in attention or variations in light intensity affected both types of responses in the same sense and did not appear to account for the difference between them. 3. 3. Because the “late wave” depends on the peripheral input and because it is limited to the posterior head regions like the other components of light responses, it should be considered “specific” notwithstanding its long latency.
183GHz 13.5mW/pixel CMOS regenerative receiver for mm-wave imaging applications

Terahertz- and mm-Wave-based imagers have recently gained interest for imaging in security screening and bio-imaging applications [1,2]. For these applications to become practical, the core pixel circuits employed in an imaging array must meet challenging constraints that originate from the system level design and the needs of constructing large array structures on-chip. The most critical of these constraints is that the pixel must consume very low power, as an array will inflate the total power by n2, where n2 is the total number of pixels in a square (n × n) array. Pixel circuit area is the 2nd major constraint, as the single pixel area will be also inflated by n2. This area constraint is critical because the cost-effective pixel array should ideally fit on a wafer to facilitate monolithic fabrication and avoid the need for complicated mechanical assembly of multiple array sections. A third system-level constraint similar to that experienced in CMOS image sensor arrays is the challenge of routing large numbers of analog signals between each pixel in the array and the sampling ADC.
Distribution of transsulphuration enzymes in various organs and species

Abstract 1. 1. The activities of three enzymes of transsulphuration have been measured in a number of organs from a variety of species by methods which are rate-limited only by the enzymatic activity. 2. 2. Some patterns of distribution of the enzymes are noted and commented on. 3. 3. The results suggest that other factors are involved in the control of the concentration of cystathionine in an organ as well as the activities of the cystathionine-synthesizing and cystathionine-cleaving enzymes.
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging: Current issues and future challenges

There has been an increasing attraction towards plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) within the auto industry. However, high battery prices and short life spans have led to growing interest in development of advanced charging techniques and algorithms. In this paper, the characteristics of batteries used in PHEVs, which include Pb-acid, Ni-Cd, Ni-MH, Li-ion, and Li-polymer are reviewed, and different charging methods such as constant voltage, constant current, pulsed charging and burp charging are investigated. Termination methods such as time, voltage, voltage drop (dv/dt), current, and temperature are also discussed. Suitable charging algorithms for these battery types will be reviewed and evaluated. Battery charging issues such as cell equalization, state of charge estimation and thermal management will be discussed. Finally, future research trends of charging of PHEVs are described.
Comparison of intracapsular and extracapsular cataract surgery. Histopathologic study of eyes obtained postmortem.

Abstract We examined 201 consecutive aphakic and pseudophakic eyes postmortem. Of these, 146 eyes had undergone intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) and 55 eyes had undergone extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), either with the posterior capsule preserved intact (ECCE-Cl, 30 eyes) or having had a surgical discission performed (ECCE-D, 25 eyes). Wound-related complications were most numerous in the ICCE group, and this probably reflects the relatively recent development of microsurgical techniques. Posterior vitreous detachment was present in 84% of eyes following ICCE, in 76% of eyes following ECCE-D, and in 40% of eyes following ECCE-Cl ( P
High‐resolution analysis of the modified quarter‐stagger model of the collagen fibril

The location of transverse bands within the major repeating period of positively stained collagen fibrils was determined from electron micrographs by an optical averaging procedure. From these data and the published location of bands in SLS crystallites, we have prepared a two-dimensional representation, accurate to about 25 A, of the modified quarter-stagger arrangement of molecules in the collagen fibril. With this information it is possible to demonstrate the relationship of loci on individual collagen molecules within the fibril. For example, the site where the collagen molecule is cleaved by tadpole collagenase, the site where a disaccharide unit is covalently bound to the α1-CB5 peptide, and the site of carboxyl-terminal intermolecular cross-linking all occur in the fibril near the amino-terminal edge of the “hole zone;” and the site of amino-terminal cross-linking occurs near the carboxyl-terminal edge of the “hole zone.”
Thermal benefit of multi-core floorplanning: A limits study

Abstract As transistors scale, system temperatures are rising, and with them, cooling costs. Faced with such challenges, designers have developed a variety of techniques to reduce temperatures at design-time, through floorplanning, and at run-time, using dynamic thermal management. Multi-core floorplanning, in particular, presents unique opportunities for temperature management: for example, cores can be individually floorplanned to reduce system temperature, and L2 cache banks can be interleaved between cores to separate hot components and take advantage of spatial thermal filtering. In this paper, we present an evaluation of the potential thermal benefits of multi-core floorplanning. We evaluate techniques from the literature, including manipulating core orientation, L2 cache bank insertion, and hierarchical floorplanning, and introduce two new techniques, core mingling and core scattering, in order to bound the potential benefits of temperature-aware floorplanning. For multi-core architectures up to 16 cores, we observe that simply inserting L2 cache banks between identically floorplanned and oriented cores captures 82% of the possible temperature reduction available to multi-core floorplanning. For many-core architectures, L2 cache insertion continues to have the most significant effect on temperature. This is good news for designers: while in principle, developing different floorplans for each instance of a core may further reduce temperatures, such techniques require substantial floorplanning effort and introduce new validation requirements and are not in fact necessary.
Metal specificity of the iron-protoporphyrin chelating enzyme from rat liver

Abstract The metal specificity of the iron-protoporphyrin chelating enzyme from rat liver was studied. The conversion of protoporphyrin plus Fe 2+ to heme was demonstrated spectrophotometrically. At high concentrations Fe 2+ inhibited, probably through reaction with the sulfhydryl groups. Co 2+ behaved very similar to Fe 2+ , and isotope dilution experiments indicated that Co 2+ was utilized via the same enzymic mechanism as was Fe 2+ , 54 Mn 2+ in low concentrations was incorporated into protoporphyrin in trace amounts, even though Mn 2+ was an inhibitor of the enzyme. Mn 2+ apparently did not attack the sulfhydryl groups but did inhibit non-competitively with respect to Fe 2+ . Sn 2+ was neither utilized by the enzyme nor inhibitory, while all other metals tested (Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cd 2+ , Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , Mn 2+ , Zn 2+ , Hg 2+ ) were inhibitory.
Cross-document summarization by concept classification

In this paper we describe a Cross Document Summarizer XDoX designed specifically to summarize large document sets (50-500 documents and more). Such sets of documents are typically obtained from routing or filtering systems run against a continuous stream of data, such as a newswire. XDoX works by identifying the most salient themes within the set (at the granularity level that is regulated by the user) and composing an extraction summary, which reflects these main themes. In the current version, XDoX is not optimized to produce a summary based on a few unrelated documents; indeed, such summaries are best obtained simply by concatenating summaries of individual documents. We show examples of summaries obtained in our tests as well as from our participation in the first Document Understanding Conference (DUC).
Buckling of Unbalanced, Sandwich Panels With Titanium and GRP Skins

An unbalanced and asymmetric sandwich composite structure consisting of Titanium 6-4 and glass-reinforced plastic (GRP) skins wiTh a phenolic honeycomb core is being considered for construcTion of a surface ship mast which will enclose critical shipboard equipment. Stability of the structure is one of the major concern in the design process. This research focuses on analytical and experimental studies of an unbalanced composite sandwich beam subjected to a compressive axial load. The failure load (ie., peak load) and failure mode of each skin material and the sandwich construction were measured at the laboratory. An analytical model was developed for predicting the failure load of the unbalanced and asymmetric sandwich composite configuration, including the transverse shear energy of the core material. The experimental data agreed very well with analytical prediction. Postbuckling failure, as well as residual strength after initial failure, were also studied
Multiscale likelihood analysis and image reconstruction

The nonparametric multiscale polynomial and platelet methods presented here are powerful new tools for signal and image denoising and reconstruction. Unlike traditional wavelet-based multiscale methods, these methods are both well suited to processing Poisson or multinomial data and capable of preserving image edges. At the heart of these new methods lie multiscale signal decompositions based on polynomials in one dimension and multiscale image decompositions based on what the authors call platelets in two dimensions. Platelets are localized functions at various positions, scales and orientations that can produce highly accurate, piecewise linear approximations to images consisting of smooth regions separated by smooth boundaries. Polynomial and platelet-based maximum penalized likelihood methods for signal and image analysis are both tractable and computationally efficient. Polynomial methods offer near minimax convergence rates for broad classes of functions including Besov spaces. Upper bounds on the estimation error are derived using an information-theoretic risk bound based on squared Hellinger loss. Simulations establish the practical effectiveness of these methods in applications such as density estimation, medical imaging, and astronomy.
A short proof of Gamas's theorem

Abstract If χ λ is the irreducible character of S n corresponding to the partition λ of n then we may symmetrize a tensor v 1 ⊗ ⋯ ⊗ v n by χ λ . Gamas’s theorem states that the result is not zero if and only if we can partition the set { v i } into linearly independent sets whose sizes are the parts of the transpose of λ . We give a short and self-contained proof of this fact.
Differential homing and engraftment properties of hematopoietic progenitor cells from murine bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood, and fetal liver

The rate of reconstitution following hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation differs widely depending on the tissue source of the cells infused. To test the hypothesis that variability in engraftment kinetics is related to differences in the efficiency with which intravenously transplanted HSCs "home" to the bone marrow (BM), the homing properties of murine fetal liver (FL), adult BM, and mobilized peripheral blood (MPB) cells were compared. Lethally irradiated mice transplanted with 2 x 10(6) FL, BM, or MPB cells exhibited sequentially slower recovery of circulating leukocytes and platelets that correlates with the progressively lower frequency of colony-forming cells (CFCs) in these tissues. However, differences in the rate and degree of early and long-term reconstitution were maintained even after infusing equal numbers of CFCs derived from FL, BM, and MPB. To compare the homing of progenitors from these tissues, cells were labeled with fluorescent PKH26 dye and injected into lethally irradiated hosts. Three hours later, PKH26(+) cells were reisolated from the BM and spleen by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and assayed for in vitro CFCs. Despite the higher level of very late antigen (VLA)-2, VLA-4, and VLA-5 on Sca-1(+)c-kit(+) cells from FL compared to BM, 10-fold fewer FL CFCs homed to hematopoietic organs than those from BM. MPB cells homed slightly better, but still less efficiently than BM cells. Therefore, clonogenic cells from different tissues exhibit striking variations in homing efficiency that does not necessarily correlate with engraftment kinetics. Homing is likely counterbalanced by intrinsic differences in proliferative potential that ultimately determine the rate of hematopoietic reconstitution.
An interrupted stimulus can facilitate PA learning

The S had to learn a PA list containing CCC stimuli paired with common-word responses. Each pair was presented at a 4:1-sec rate. In the “continuous” condition, the stimulus appeared on the memory drum continuously throughout the 4-sec stimulus interval. In the “interrupted” condition, the stimulus appeared for the first and last seconds of the 4-sec interval, and a blank screen appeared during the middle seconds. The interrupted stimulus facilitated learning in Exp. I. The effect was particularly strong for female Ss. The experiment was replicated in Exp. III. Apparently, an interrupted stimulus is more effective in stimulating S's associative processes. This interpretation was examined in Exp. II. First each S studied the PA list for 3 trials. Then S was given a test of free association; he was shown each trigram-word pair and he had to think of some mediator (a word or a phrase) which connected the trigram to the word. The S's latency of response was measured. Those Ss who had observed the “interrupted” material responded faster in free association.
A scalable decision tree system and its application in pattern recognition and intrusion detection

One of the most challenging problems in data mining is to develop scalable algorithms capable of mining massive data sets whose sizes exceed the capacity of a computer's memory. In this paper, we propose a new decision tree algorithm, named SURPASS (for Scaling Up Recursive Partitioning with Sufficient Statistics), that is highly effective in handling such large data. SURPASS incorporates linear discriminants into decision trees' recursive partitioning process. In SURPASS, the information required to build a decision tree is summarized into a set of sufficient statistics, which can be gathered incrementally from the data, by reading a subset of the data from storage space to main memory one at a time. As a result, the data size that can be handled by this algorithm is independent of memory size. We apply SURPASS to three large data sets pertaining to pattern recognition and intrusion detection problems. The results indicate that SURPASS scales up well against large data sets and produces decision tree models with very high quality.
INHIBITION OF CYTARABINE-INDUCED MDR1 (P-GLYCOPROTEIN) GENE ACTIVATION IN HUMAN TUMOR CELLS BY FATTY ACID-POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL-FATTY ACID DIESTERS, NOVEL INHIBITORS OF P-GLYCOPROTEIN FUNCTION

Fatty acid ester surfactants Cremophor EL and Solutol HS 15 were described earlier as modulators of multidrug resistance mediated by MDR1 P-glycoprotein (Pgp). We have shown that the most active components of these polydisperse surfactants are fatty acid-polyethylene glycol-fatty acid diesters (FA-PEG-FA). A new generation of Pgp-surfactant inhibitors of defined structure was therefore synthesized. In the present study we show that these compounds are also able to inhibit up-regulation of MDR1 gene expression caused by cytarabine (ARA-C) and doxorubicin in human tumor cell lines H9 and KB 3-1, which express minimal levels of MDR1 mRNA. The surfactant inhibitors, however, had no effect on the induction of MDR1 gene expression by protein kinase C agonists. Using a set of FA-PEG-FA diesters with various fatty acids and different lengths of the PEG domain, we demonstrated that the activity of diester preparations as inhibitors of drug-induced MDR1 activation was in proportion to their activity as inhibitors of Pgp function. Oleic and stearic acid diesters with PEG 900 (20 ethylene oxide units) were the most potent. The poloxamer analogs of these diesters demonstrated similar effects. In contrast, the well-known, structurally unrelated inhibitors of Pgp activity, verapamil, cyclosporin A and PSC 833, had no inhibitory effect on drug-induced MDR1 activation. The ability of FA-PEG-FA diesters to inhibit both Pgp function and drug-induced MDR1 activation suggests that these chemomodulators may be uniquely useful for the prophylaxis of Pgp-mediated multidrug resistance in drug-treated tumors.
Disabled-2 downregulation promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

Background: Metastatic tumour cells are characterised by acquisition of migratory and invasive properties; properties shared by cells, which have undergone epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Disabled-2 (Dab2) is a putative tumour suppressor whose expression has been shown to be downregulated in various cancer types including breast cancer; however, its exact function in suppressing tumour initiation or progression is unclear.
Mechanical production line simulation modeling and experimental data analysis

A simulation system as a desktop resource named NEU-Simulation is developed by using the object-oriented simulation package eM-Plantreg. in this paper. The simulated manufacturing system is a medium-sized equipment manufacturer which produces NC machine products. The simulation system adopts object-oriented modeling methods based on UML to simulate equipment manufacturing system. The NEU-Simulation is used by various manufacturing personnel as a tool to support decision-making. The simulation model developed is only partially successful. The emphasis in this paper is placed on the design of the machining production line. And four types of factors such as the number of equipment, machine tool operations time, buffer size and the number of employees etc. are considered and analyzed by using design of experiment (DOE) method to locate the bottlenecks of production line. Reduction of the number of simulation experiments can be realized by the Orthogonal experimental design method. The result of simulation analysis is used to guide the design and reconstruction of production line.
Conjugated steroids. V. Hydrolysis of total ketosteroids in urine.

SummaryThe total ketosteroids of urine may be readily hydrolyzed by dioxane-hydrochloric acid. This hydrolysate contains about 20% of the total steroids as beta type.
PAF-antagonist administration after hemorrhage-resuscitation prevents splenocyte immunodepression

A number of studies have suggested that the inflammatory and chemotactic autocoid platelet activating factor (PAF), together with various cytokines, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of trauma, sepsis, and shock. However, little is known about PAF's contribution to the immunosuppression associated with hemorrhage. The aim of our study was, therefore, to determine if the use of a PAF-antagonist following hemorrhage has any salutary effects on splenocyte lymphokine production. To study this, mice were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure of 35 mm Hg for 60 min. The mice were then segregated into three groups and were resuscitated with shed blood plus lactated Ringer's solution (2x the volume of shed blood), containing either a potent PAF-antagonist (Ro 24-4736, a thienodiazepine) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or DMSO-vehicle. Sham-operated mice received either DMSO-vehicle in saline or saline alone. Twenty-four hours thereafter the animals were sacrificed and splenocyte cultures established and stimulated for 48 hr with Con A (2.5 micrograms/ml). Supernatant lymphokine levels were determined by bioassay. The cellular release of interleukin-2 and -3 (IL-2 and IL-3) by splenocytes was significantly depressed in the nontreated or vehicle-treated hemorrhaged animals compared to shams. Treatment with the PAF-antagonist Ro 24-4736 restored IL-2 and IL-3 release values to levels comparable to those of the sham-operated animals. Thus, (1) PAF appears to play a significant role in hemorrhage-induced immunosuppression and (2) the use of a PAF-antagonist to uncouple the PAF-generated feedback loops prevents the depression in splenocyte function following hemorrhage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Homework Practices of Students With and Without Learning Disabilities A Comparison

This article describes a study examining the homework practices of 48 students with learning disabilities and a matched sample of 48 nondisabled students. Students ranged in age from 11 to 15 years and attended Grades 6 through 8. Students in both groups completed the Student Survey of Homework Practices, a 27-item, Likert-type questionnaire examining students' homework practices and attitudes toward homework. Results indicated that although there were some similarities in the homework practices of both groups, the students with learning disabilities engaged to a significantly greater extent in practices that interfered with homework completion. Suggestions for increasing the homework completion rates of students with learning disabilities are provided.
Emission-Based Signal Timing Optimization for Isolated Intersections:

Continuous growth in transportation demand in recent years has led to many traffic issues in urban areas. Among the most challenging are traffic congestion and the associated vehicular emissions. Efficient design of traffic signal control systems is a promising approach for addressing these problems. This research developed a real-time signal control system that optimizes signal timings at an undersaturated isolated intersection by minimizing total vehicular emissions. A combination of previously introduced analytical models based on traffic flow theory was used. These models estimated time spent per operating mode (i.e., time spent accelerating, decelerating, cruising, and idling) as functions of demand, vehicle arrival times, saturation flow, and signal control parameters. Information on vehicle activity was used along with the vehicle-specific power approach that provided emission rates per time spent in each operating mode to estimate the total emissions per cycle. For the evaluation of the proposed m...
Radiofrequency Ablation Beyond the Liver

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has begun to show promise for extrahepatic indications. Although much of the reported work on image-guided RFA of liver neoplasms is quite promising, it is even earlier in the evaluation and validation process for extrahepatic RFA, with few short-term and no long-term studies reported. Although there are much more data for liver RFA with almost 3,000 cases reported in the literature, there are a number of ongoing investigations of RFA for tumors in the kidney, lung, bone, breast, bone, and adrenal gland. Debulking and pain control with RFA present palliative options becoming increasingly popular weapons in the interventionalist's oncology arsenal. Metastatic disease with a wide variety of primary histologies in a myriad of locations may be treated with RFA after a careful consideration of the risk-to-benefit ratio balance. The RFA technique can be slightly different outside the liver. Specifically, differing dielectric tissue characteristics may markedly alter the RFA treatment. Each different RFA system has a unique risk and advantage profile. Extrahepatic indications and contraindications will be suggested. Treatment tips and the unique complications and considerations will be introduced for some of the more common extrahepatic locations.