cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
To Balance or Not to Balance: Alignment Theory and the Commonwealth of Independent States

With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, fifteen newly independent states emerged from the imperial wreckage, some more ready than others to grasp their new found independence. This book tackles the seminal question related to these broader developments: why did some states choose to align with Russia, despite Moscow's overwhelming power advantage and recurrent neo-imperial ambitions? Eric A. Miller develops and tests a theoretical framework that extends traditional realist alignment theories to include domestic level political and economic variables critical to the study of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Specifically, Miller argues that internal political threats to CIS leaders and the extent of a country's economic dependence on Russia were the most influential factors in determining alignments. The volume is designed to meet the need for a thorough theoretical and scholarly assessment of the international and domestic politics of CIS countries.
Longitudinal Associations among Child Support Debt, Employment, and Recidivism after Prison

ABSTRACTRecently released prisoners in the United States are increasingly facing the burden of financial debt associated with correctional supervision, yet little research has pursued how—theoretically or empirically—the burden of debt might affect life after prison. To address this gap, we employ life course and strain perspectives and path analysis to examine the impact of child support debt on employment and recidivism, using longitudinal data from an evaluation of a prisoner reentry program known as the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative. Results indicate that having more debt has no effect on recidivism; however, more debt was significantly associated with a decrease in later legitimate employment. Implications for community reintegration and justice processing are discussed within the framework of past and emerging work on legal financial obligations, employment, and desistance from crime after prison.
Identification of a new small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif in the E3 ligase PIASy

Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation is a reversible post-translational modification process implicated in the regulation of gene transcription, DNA repair, and cell cycle. SUMOylation depends on the sequential activities of E1 activating, E2 conjugating, and E3 ligating enzymes. SUMO E3 ligases enhance transfer of SUMO from the charged E2 enzyme to the substrate. We have previously identified PIASy, a member of the Siz/protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) RING family of SUMO E3 ligases, as essential for mitotic chromosomal SUMOylation in frog egg extracts and demonstrated that it can mediate effective SUMOylation. To address how PIASy catalyzes SUMOylation, we examined various truncations of PIASy for their ability to mediate SUMOylation. Using NMR chemical shift mapping and mutagenesis, we identified a new SUMO-interacting motif (SIM) in PIASy. The new SIM and the currently known SIM are both located at the C terminus of PIASy, and both are required for the full ligase activity of PIASy. Our results provide novel insights into the mechanism of PIASy-mediated SUMOylation. PIASy adds to the growing list of SUMO E3 ligases containing multiple SIMs that play important roles in the E3 ligase activity.
Switch to a Novel Breeding Resource Influences Coexistence of Two Passerine Birds

A crucial step in adapting to urban habitat is switching to novel, often man-made, resources. Switching to a novel resource can influence the dynamics of species coexistence, particularly if it alters trade-offs in performance. While such switches are frequently documented, their influence on species coexistence has been difficult to assess because it requires knowledge of performance tradeoffs in the context of both historical and novel resource use. Western and mountain bluebirds provide a unique system in which to investigate the effects of a resource switch on species coexistence because both depend on secondary nest cavities to breed and, across a large part of their range, have switched to using man-made nest boxes. Western bluebirds are less dispersive, but more aggressive, than mountain bluebirds leading to a successional pattern of species replacement in many nest box populations; however, there is evidence of continued coexistence in natural post-fire habitat. Nest boxes differ from natural cavities in both distribution, which may affect the dynamics of interference competition between the species, and thermal conductance, which may impact competition by altering survival of ectothermic young. Here, we use a combination of experimental manipulations of nest box density and more than a decade of fitness and incubation temperature data to investigate whether altered resource distribution or thermal environment best explain patterns of species replacement in nest box populations. In both species, we found that females breeding in nest boxes were unable to maintain normal incubation temperatures during inclement weather and experienced similar offspring mortality patterns. Moreover, climatic variation across populations did not predict species’ relative abundance. Instead, experimental manipulation of nest box density showed that mountain bluebirds persisted longer when nest boxes were distributed further apart, suggesting that nest box distribution may be a key factor in understanding how human-created habitat impacts coexistence of bluebird species. These results emphasize that knowledge of species interactions in the historical habitat is crucial to understanding population dynamics as species transition to novel, man-made habitat.
Human Tissue Banking and Hospital-Based Surgical Tissue Management

Abstract Many steps are required to ensure safe and efficacious autologous and allogeneic human tissue transplants. These steps start with appropriate donor screening and testing, proceed through tissue recovery, processing, packaging/labeling, storage, distribution, and implantation. Tissue tracking through this sequence is critical to ensure the ability to respond appropriately to tissue recalls and adverse events. The entities that perform the various steps typically include an organization that recovers tissue from the donor, a tissue bank that processes the tissue, and a tissue service that manages the steps that take place at the implanting facility. This chapter provides a review of important concepts and regulations related to this process, with a focus on elements that are important for hospital-based tissue services.
T-tubule remodeling and increased heterogeneity of calcium release during the progression to heart failure in intact rat ventricle

Abstract A highly organized transverse‐tubule (TT) system is essential to normal Ca 2+ cycling and cardiac function. We explored the relationship between the progressive disruption of TTs and resulting Ca 2+ cycling during the development of heart failure (HF). Confocal imaging was used to measure Ca 2+ transients and 2‐D z‐stack images in left ventricular epicardial myocytes of intact hearts from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar‐Kyoto control rats. TT organization was measured as the organizational index (OI) derived from a fast Fourier transform of TT organization. We found little decrease in the synchrony of Ca 2+ release with TT loss until TT remodeling was severe, suggesting a TT “reserve” characterized by a wide range of TT remodeling with little effect on synchrony of release but beyond which variability in release shows an accelerating sensitivity to TT loss. To explain this observation, we applied a computational model of spatially distributed Ca 2+ signaling units to investigate the relationship between OI and excitation‐contraction coupling. Our model showed that release heterogeneity exhibits a nonlinear relationship on both the spatial distribution of release units and the separation between L‐type Ca 2+ channels and ryanodine receptors. Our results demonstrate a unique relationship between the synchrony of Ca 2+ release and TT organization in myocytes of intact rat ventricle that may contribute to both the compensated and decompensated phases of heart failure.
Characterization and evaluation of controls on post-fire streamflow response across western US watersheds

Abstract. This research investigates the impact of wildfires on watershed flow regimes, specifically focusing on evaluation of fire events within specified hydroclimatic regions in the western United States, and evaluating the impact of climate and geophysical variables on response. Eighty-two watersheds were identified with at least 10 years of continuous pre-fire daily streamflow records and 5 years of continuous post-fire daily flow records. Percent change in annual runoff ratio, low flows, high flows, peak flows, number of zero flow days, baseflow index, and Richards–Baker flashiness index were calculated for each watershed using pre- and post-fire periods. Independent variables were identified for each watershed and fire event, including topographic, vegetation, climate, burn severity, percent area burned, and soils data. Results show that low flows, high flows, and peak flows increase in the first 2 years following a wildfire and decrease over time. Relative response was used to scale response variables with the respective percent area of watershed burned in order to compare regional differences in watershed response. To account for variability in precipitation events, runoff ratio was used to compare runoff directly to PRISM precipitation estimates. To account for regional differences in climate patterns, watersheds were divided into nine regions, or clusters, through k-means clustering using climate data, and regression models were produced for watersheds grouped by total area burned. Watersheds in Cluster 9 (eastern California, western Nevada, Oregon) demonstrate a small negative response to observed flow regimes after fire. Cluster 8 watersheds (coastal California) display the greatest flow responses, typically within the first year following wildfire. Most other watersheds show a positive mean relative response. In addition, simple regression models show low correlation between percent watershed burned and streamflow response, implying that other watershed factors strongly influence response. Spearman correlation identified NDVI, aridity index, percent of a watershed's precipitation that falls as rain, and slope as being positively correlated with post-fire streamflow response. This metric also suggested a negative correlation between response and the soil erodibility factor, watershed area, and percent low burn severity. Regression models identified only moderate burn severity and watershed area as being consistently positively/negatively correlated, respectively, with response. The random forest model identified only slope and percent area burned as significant watershed parameters controlling response. Results will help inform post-fire runoff management decisions by helping to identify expected changes to flow regimes, as well as facilitate parameterization for model application in burned watersheds.
Isokinetic Strength Testing Following Intramedullary Nailing of Tibial Shaft Fractures Predicts Time to Recovery and Return of Muscle Strength in the Injured Extremity: A Prospective Case Series

The speed and degree of functional recovery over time after surgery for tibial shaft fracture has been previously described using subjective methods. This study aimed to quantitatively measure recovery of isokinetic strength in the injured leg after surgical repair of isolated closed tibial shaft fracture. In this prospective case series, patients were recruited after intramedullary nailing for isolated closed tibial shaft fracture at an academic medical center from January 2012 to December 2015. Recovery of isokinetic strength was quantified using an isokinetic dynamometer. Eight measures of isokinetic strength at 3, 6, and 12 months’ follow-up were used to compare strength in the injured leg to the healthy leg. In 36 patients recruited, there was a significant difference in strength between the healthy and injured legs at 3 months for seven of the eight metrics used, at 6 months for five of the eight metrics, and at 12 months for none of the eight metrics. Observing recovery of strength longitudinally, we saw significant improvement between 3 and 6 months for four of eight metrics and overall between 3 and 12 months for five of the eight metrics. All four metrics that showed a significant improvement between 3 and 6 months involved plantar flexion. No metrics showed significant improvement between 6 and 12 months. Patients exhibited equal strength between their healthy and injured legs at 12 months after surgery. Improvement in strength occurred to a greater extent between 3 and 6 months after surgery than between 6 and 12 months. Plantar flexion appeared to improve more rapidly than dorsal extension.
Edvard Munch as Psychotherapist: “The Horse Cure”

Munch’s strongest canonical works offer us a special “reading” of how the mind under stress works. “The Scream” expresses a spellbinding awareness that our inner anxiety and pain not only spill out into the world, but that the roiled-up elements (sky, water) themselves penetrate the porous subject, leaving us to wonder whether the “scream” comes from within or without. “Jealousy” is a diptych of the diseased imagination, showing at once the suffering lover and the generated, imagined betrayal. “Melancholy” depicts Munch’s mentally ill sister Laura in a setting of multiple imprisonments, yielding a symphonic portrait of lostness. These extremist renditions of psychological pain refigure our relation to others and to the world—as such they are of great value to psychotherapy.
Architectures and Tools to Analyse the Impact of Climate Change on Hydrogeological Risk on Mediterranean Area

This document describes the numerical models and tools constituting the integrated system for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the hydrogeological risks due to climate change developed in the framework of the GEMINA project (product P91). In particular the work package 6.2.17 'Analysis of geological risk related to climate change' has as main goal the analysis of landslides, floods and droughts risks related to climate change conditions on the Mediterranean area. The integrated system combines, in appropriate way, high-resolution regional climate scenarios, impact models and statistical downscaling techniques. All these are described in the current document. In addition, this document contains a description of the test cases on which the integrated system will be verified.
Hormones, mood and affect

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the role of sex hormones, particularly estrogens, androgens and progestins, as mediators of mood and affect. The limbic system, a group of brain regions highly preserved across species, is thought to be primarily responsible for the representation and processing of stimuli with emotional significance. One possibility is that testosterone, which is a major determinant of libido in men, may be less important for libido in women. The spatiotemporal patterning of the brain in action leads to thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Brain health implies not only the prevention of recognized diseases, but also the support of a vast array of brain functions and faculties. It has been said that the most important sexual organ is the brain. This truism is meant to emphasize the essential role of desire and comfort in mediating sexual awareness and expression. Brain centers mediate libido in a general way. Other brain centers influence the selection of sexual partners and the circumstances under which sexual longings are expressed. Conditions such as postpartum mood disorders and premenstrual syndrome reflect the interplay of sex steroids upon a brain vulnerable to or sensitized by psychosocial and biological factors.
Isotopic Labeling Studies on Oxidative Coupling of Methane over Alkali Promoted Molybdate Catalysts

The addition of the alkali promoters Li, Na, and K to MnMoO 4 has been shown to increase the catalytic activity and selectivity for the oxidative coupling of methane at 700°C (1). This promoter effect has been further investigated through transient isotopic labeling technique using oxygen and methane isotopes under steady-state reaction conditions and by the addition of CO 2 to the feed stream.
SYK-CARD9 Signaling Axis Promotes Gut Fungi-Mediated Inflammasome Activation to Restrict Colitis and Colon Cancer.

Summary Fungi represent a significant proportion of the gut microbiota. Aberrant immune responses to fungi are frequently observed in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), and mutations in the fungal-sensing pathways are associated with the pathogenesis of IBD. Fungal recognition receptors trigger downstream signaling via the common adaptor protein CARD9 and the kinase SYK. Here we found that commensal gut fungi promoted inflammasome activation during AOM-DSS-induced colitis. Myeloid cell-specific deletion of Card9 or Syk reduced inflammasome activation and interleukin (IL)-18 maturation and increased susceptibility to colitis and CRC. IL-18 promoted epithelial barrier restitution and interferon-γ production by intestinal CD8+ T cells. Supplementation of IL-18 or transfer of wild-type myeloid cells reduced tumor burden in AOM-DSS-treated Card9−/− and Sykfl/flLysMCre/+ mice, whereas treatment with anti-fungal agents exacerbated colitis and CRC. CARD9 deletion changes the gut microbial landscape, suggesting that SYK-CARD9 signaling maintains a microbial ecology that promotes inflammasome activation and thereby restrains colitis and colon tumorigenesis.
Reactivity of organic σ,σ,σ,σ,σ-pentaradicals

Abstract The gas-phase reactivity of the first known σ-type carbon- and nitrogen-centered aromatic pentaradical cations toward cyclohexane was studied using a dual-linear quadrupole ion trap tandem mass spectrometer and compared to that of analogous mono-, bi-, tri- and tetraradicals. The major reaction of all radicals containing an ortho-benzyne moiety, including both pentaradicals, is abstraction of a hydride followed by abstraction of a proton from one cyclohexane molecule, generating a product complex of cyclohexene and a mono-, bi- or triradical (for the tri-, tetra- and pentaradical reactants, respectively) or a closed-shell aromatic molecule (for the biradical reactant). These nonradical reactions are calculated to be highly exothermic (by at least 58 kcal mol−1). After the ortho-benzyne moiety has been quenched via hydride and proton abstraction, radical reactions take place in the product complexes. The most prominent reactions involve [ 1 ] abstraction of one, two or three hydrogen atoms, respectively, from cyclohexene and [ 2 ] addition to cyclohexene, sometimes followed by the loss of a hydrogen atom or more extensive fragmentation. These radical reactions are fast if one or three radical sites are present (e.g., for the tri- and pentaradical reactants) but slow if two are present (e.g., for the tetraradical reactants) due to reactivity-lowering spin-spin coupling between the radical sites (even when the spin-spin coupling is very weak). Overall, the tetra- and pentaradicals display substantially lower reactivity than the mono- and triradicals, which is likely due to reactivity-lowering spin-spin coupling between all, or most, of the radical sites. Spin-spin coupling overrides the effects of a greater (calculated) vertical electron affinity of the radical sites of the tetra- and pentaradicals, which was expected to make them more reactive than the mono- and biradicals.
Automatic Surgical Skill Rating Using Stylistic Behavior Components

A gold standard in surgical skill rating and evaluation is direct observation, which a group of experts rate trainees based on a likert scale, by observing their performance during a surgical task. This method is time and resource intensive. To alleviate this burden, many studies have focused on automatic surgical skill assessment; however, the metrics suggested by the literature for automatic evaluation do not capture the stylistic behavior of the user. In addition very few studies focus on automatic rating of surgical skills based on available likert scales. In a previous study we presented a stylistic behavior lexicon for surgical skill. In this study we evaluate the lexicon's ability to automatically rate robotic surgical skill, based on the 6 domains in the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS). 14 subjects of different skill levels performed two surgical tasks on da Vinci surgical simulator. Different measurements were acquired as subjects performed the tasks, including limb (hand and arm) kinematics and joint (shoulder, elbow, wrist) positions. Posture videos of the subjects performing the task, as well as videos of the task being performed were viewed and rated by faculty experts based on the 6 domains in GEARS. The paired videos were also rated via crowd-sourcing based on our stylistic behavior lexicon. Two separate regression learner models, one using the sensor measurements and the other using crowd ratings for our proposed lexicon, were trained for each domain in GEARS. The results indicate that the scores predicted from both prediction models are in agreement with the gold standard faculty ratings.
A Review of China's PV-Generated Electricity Pricing Policy

Promoting the development of renewable energy has become a common goal of the international world. With the rapid development of China's Photovoltaic (PV) industry, the disputes over China's PV industrial policies have been intensified. Although government's policy changes ensured China's PV industry surviving from the sanctions implemented by the previous trade disputes, severe problems remain in the PV industrial policies, for example, the PV-generated electricity pricing policy (PVEP). It is urgent to find solutions to overcome the challenges and to build a healthier PV market. This paper provides a brief introduction to the evolution of China's PVEP, analyzes the factors associated with the evolution, identifies the problems remaining to be solved, and provides suggestions for the future reforms on China's PVEP.
Operando Spectroscopic Investigations of Copper and Oxide-Derived Copper Catalysts for Electrochemical CO Reduction

Oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) has been shown to favor C2 and C3 products in electrochemical CO reduction at lower overpotentials than polycrystalline copper (Cu-poly). Despite numerous studies and proposed mechanisms, the exact nature of the active phase is still a topic of discussion. In this work, we employ operando attenuated total reflection surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) to investigate different sites available on Cu-poly and OD-Cu surfaces using CO as a probe molecule. We identify a CO adsorption band on OD-Cu at 2058 cm–1 that is different from those on Cu-poly but resembles CO bound to the Cu(100) facet. In accordance with reactivity studies, we propose that this band corresponding to distinct CO binding sites is responsible for OD-Cu’s enhanced CO reduction activity.
Specific Learning Disabilities Identification: Do the Identification Methods and Data Matter?:

Specific learning disabilities (SLD) identification has consistently been shown to be problematic; however, research has largely focused on SLD identification using test scores only. The present st...
Temperature and anisotropy effects in the application of the hindered diffusion model to composite laminates

The one-dimensional hindered diffusion model was applied to gravimetric moisture uptake data for a six-ply high-temperature quartz-fiber-reinforced bismaleimide laminate. Diffusion behavior was evaluated as a function of specimen geometry and temperature to determine the effect on both diffusivity and the binding and unbinding probabilities of diffusing water molecules predicted by the model. Pre-equilibrium experimental uptake data were used to recover model parameters, including equilibrium moisture content, for specimens designed with intentionally-low planar surface-to-edge area ratios of 20, 12.5, and 5. Gravimetric uptake data for fully-immersed laminates at 25°C, 37°C, and 50°C was used to determine diffusion parameters and characterize the temperature and geometry-dependent behavior of the laminate. A parameter recovery method employing least-squares regression was used to determine best-fit parameters of the hindered diffusion model, including diffusivity (DZ), equilibrium moisture content (M∞), ...
RepB C-terminus mutation of a pRi-repABC binary vector affects plasmid copy number in Agrobacterium and transgene copy number in plants

A native repABC replication origin from pRiA4b was previously reported as a single copy plasmid in Agrobacterium tumefaciens and can improve the production of transgenic plants with a single copy insertion of transgenes when it is used in binary vectors for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A high copy pRi-repABC variant plasmid, pTF::Ri, which does not improve the frequency of single copy transgenic plants, has been reported in the literature. Sequencing the high copy pTF::Ri repABC operon revealed the presence of two mutations: one silent mutation and one missense mutation that changes a tyrosine to a histidine (Y299H) in a highly conserved area of the C-terminus of the RepB protein (RepBY299H). Reproducing these mutations in the wild-type pRi-repABC binary vector showed that Agrobacterium cells with the RepBY299H mutation grow faster on both solidified and in liquid medium, and have higher plasmid copy number as determined by ddPCR. In order to investigate the impact of the RepBY299H mutation on transformation and quality plant production, the RepBY299H mutated pRi-repABC binary vector was compared with the original wild-type pRi-repABC binary vector and a multi-copy oriV binary vector in canola transformation. Molecular analyses of the canola transgenic plants demonstrated that the multi-copy pRi-repABC with the RepBY299H mutation provides no advantage in generating high frequency single copy, backbone-free transgenic plants in comparison with the single copy wild-type pRi-repABC binary vector.
Hierarchical Motion Estimation With Bayesian Regularization in Cardiac Elastography: Simulation and $In~ Vivo$ Validation

Cardiac elastography (CE) is an ultrasound-based technique utilizing radio-frequency (RF) signals for assessing global and regional myocardial function. In this work, a complete strain estimation pipeline for incorporating a Bayesian regularization-based hierarchical block-matching algorithm, with Lagrangian motion description and myocardial polar strain estimation is presented. The proposed regularization approach is validated using finite-element analysis (FEA) simulations of a canine cardiac deformation model that is incorporated into an ultrasound simulation program. Interframe displacements are initially estimated using a hierarchical motion estimation framework. Incremental displacements are then accumulated under a Lagrangian description of cardiac motion from end-diastole (ED) to end-systole (ES). In-plane Lagrangian finite strain tensors are then derived from the accumulated displacements. Cartesian to cardiac coordinate transformation is utilized to calculate radial and longitudinal strains for ease of interpretation. Benefits of regularization are demonstrated by comparing the same hierarchical block-matching algorithm with and without regularization. Application of Bayesian regularization in the canine FEA model provided improved ES radial and longitudinal strain estimation with statistically significant ( $p ) error reduction of 48.88% and 50.16%, respectively. Bayesian regularization also improved the quality of temporal radial and longitudinal strain curves with error reductions of 78.38% and 86.67% ( $p ), respectively. Qualitative and quantitative improvements were also visualized for in vivo results on a healthy murine model after Bayesian regularization. Radial strain elastographic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR e ) increased from 3.83 to 4.76 dB, while longitudinal strain SNR e increased from 2.29 to 4.58 dB with regularization.
Visual Evidence of Acidic Environment Within Degrading Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) Microspheres

Purpose. In the past decade, biodegradable polymers have becomethe materials of choice for a variety of biomaterials applications. Inparticular, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres havebeen extensively studied for controlled-release drug delivery. However,degradation of the polymer generates acidic monomers, andacidification of the inner polymer environment is a central issue in thedevelopment of these devices for drug delivery. Methods. To quantitatively determine the intrapolymer acidity, weentrapped pH-sensitive fluorescent dyes (conjugated to 10,000 Dadextrans) within the microspheres and imaged them with confocalfluorescence microscopy. The technique allows visualization of thespatial and temporal distribution of pH within the degradingmicrospheres (1). Results. Our experiments show the formation of a very acidicenvironment within the particles with the minimum pH as low as 1.5. Conclusions. The images show a pH gradient, with the most acidicenvironment at the center of the spheres and higher pH near the edges,which is characteristic of diffusion-controlled release of the acidicdegradation products.
Review: River of Memory: The Everlasting Columbia, by William D. Layman

Review: River of Memory: The Everlasting Columbia By William D. Layman Reviewed by Robert D. Hook Moscow, Idaho, USA Layman, William D., River of Memory: The Everlasting Columbia. Wenatchee, WA: Wenatchee Valley Museum in association with the University of Washington, Seattle, and the British Columbia Press, Vancouver, 2006.165pp. ISBN 0-295-98592-5 (Pbk: paper) US $24.95. Ever wonder what the Columbia River was like before all the dams were built? William D. Layman has created an exhibit that explores the Columbia from its mouth, where it pours into the Pacific Ocean near Astoria, Oregon, upstream to its source in Columbia Lake, British Columbia. He presents the Columbia as it existed during the century from 1860 to 1960. This exhibit will travel to six museums in the Northwest until September 2008. (The dates at each location are included on the page following the title page.) Layman’s book, based on the exhibit, is composed for the most part of photographs, including some taken by such noted photographers as Carleton Watkins and Asahel Curtis. It is divided into segments, each following a section of the river and each with its own historic map and pictures of the native fish species which inhabit (or inhabited) that section of the river. The cartography includes a variety of styles. River of Memory valuable for the photographs alone, but it is enriched by narratives and poetry. Sources range from diaries of early explorers through modern-day writers. It is an interesting book from beginning to end or end to beginning, depending on whether one wishes to travel the river upstream or down. It is possible to jump in anywhere as each segment can be explored independently. An interesting feature is that each photo is marked by a “milepost” indicating how far it is to the mouth or to the source. The book will be an important purchase for libraries interested in developing their Pacific Northwest collections and for anyone interested in rivers and humans and how they influence each other. Aside from its historical value, this book can be appreciated for the photographs, the poetry, and the accounts of the personal impact of this powerful natural resource. If the book is any indication, the exhibit will be an enjoyable experience. Robert D. Hook, rdhook@uidaho.edu, Emeritus Librarian, University of Idaho Library, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2350, (208) 885-6066. Electronic Green Journal , Issue 26, Spring 2008 ISSN: 1076­7975
Jogging and the Blind Veteran.

A discussion of the introduction of jogging as a recerational activity at the V.A. Blind Rehabilitation Center at West Haven, Connecticut. The specific, easy-to-learn techniques to be used by a sig...
Association between indoor environment and common cold among children aged 7–9 years in five typical cities in China

The common cold is an acute, self-limited viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, it is a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by numerous viruses that belong to several different families. A total of 292 households with children aged 7–9 years from Harbin, Xi’an, Ningbo, Nanning, and Shenzhen, China were investigated and 877 air samples from both bedrooms and living rooms in study area were tested to reveal indoor air quality level in 2017. The mean indoor temperature, relative humidity, CO, CO₂, NO₂, formaldehyde, total count of colonies, and total count of fungi levels were 21.00 ​± ​4.05 ​°C, 54.66 ​± ​16.28%, 0.85±+2.99 mg/m³, 0.08 ​± ​0.06%, 0.03 ​± ​0.02 ​mg/m³, 0.03 ​± ​0.02 ​mg/m³, 173.14 ​± ​4.28 ​cfu/m³, and 241.21 ​± ​4.20 ​cfu/m³, respectively. Of the 292 children, 1.72% had >5 common colds in the past year, 12.04% 3–5 per year, and rest <3 per year. The average prevalence of the common cold in five cities was 1.68 times per year with an average duration of 5.62 days. The main symptoms of a common cold in children are cough and expectoration, which are significantly influenced by indoor relative humidity, formaldehyde, and total count of fungi. The total count of fungi as well as relative humidity are also significantly correlated with the duration of children common cold. And significant correlation was found between indoor temperature and the prevalence of a common cold. This study systematically analyzed influence of indoor environment, including physical variables, chemical variables, and biological variables, on common cold in children and identified essential indoor risk factors in China.
Whose opinion matters about medications for opioid use disorder? A cross-sectional survey of social norms among court staff

Criminal problem-solving and dependency courts set treatment standards for opioid use disorder (OUD) but sometimes prohibit or limit utilization of medications for OUD (MOUD). Court staff beliefs a...
Description of a pharmacist-managed/administered penicillin allergy skin testing service at a community hospital.

Purpose To describe how a pharmacist-managed and pharmacist-administered penicillin allergy skin testing (PAST) service was incorporated into an antimicrobial stewardship program at a community hospital. Methods A pharmacist-managed/administered PAST service was initiated in October 2015. Patients 18 years of age or older were considered for PAST if they had a reported history of a type I or unknown type of allergic reaction to penicillin that occurred more than 5 years previously. Patients with a vague allergy history were considered for PAST if the provider was uncomfortable prescribing a preferred β-lactam out of concern for penicillin allergy. Patients were excluded if they were pregnant, had a history of a non-type I allergic reaction, or recently received antihistamines. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients who underwent PAST and were subsequently transitioned to a preferred β-lactam. Results PAST was initiated in 90 patients from October 2015 to December 2019. Eighty-five out of 90 patients (94%) completed PAST. Seventy-six out of 90 patients (84.4%) who underwent PAST were transitioned to a preferred β-lactam. The most commonly administered antibiotics prior to PAST were vancomycin, cefepime, and metronidazole. The most commonly used antibiotics after PAST were penicillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ampicillin/sulbactam. Among the 90 patients who underwent PAST, alternative antibiotics were avoided for a total of 1,568 days, with a median of 11 days (interquartile range, 6-18 days) avoided per patient. Conclusion Incorporating a pharmacist-managed/administered PAST service into a community hospital's antimicrobial stewardship program can improve the utilization of preferred antimicrobial therapy and help avoid use of more toxic, costly antimicrobials.
Un homenaje al legado de investigación del Dr. Gregory Schraw: la teoría del aprendizaje autorregulado

Gregory “Gregg” Schraw fue un academico internacional interesado en investigar los fenomenos psicologicos relacionados con la teoria del aprendizaje autorregulado. Este articulo de reflexion resume la trayectoria de investigacion de Gregg en los tres componentes principales del aprendizaje autorregulado: cognicion, motivacion y metacognicion, a la vez que presenta algunos de los trabajos mas relevantes de su obra, el impacto de su trayectoria y sus aportes para el desarrollo de la teoria del aprendizaje autorregulado y la metacognicion. Se discuten las contribuciones del trabajo del Doctor Schraw al desarrollo teorico y aplicado en su campo de investigacion. La reflexion concluye con algunas implicaciones sobre su obra y su legado, asi como con la presentacion de algunas de los vacios que el, de manera visionaria, considero para el campo de estudio y que en su programa de investigacion deseaba perseguir en su trabajo futuro.
Electronic Structure of Copper-Oxide Superconductors

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the electronic structure of the La 2– x M x CuO 4– y (M=Ba, Sr, Ca) and R Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7–δ (R= Y, Eu, Gd,…) systems. Emphasis is placed on the various theoretical models that have been proposed, beginning with state-of-the-art band structure calculations and proceeding to more idealized model Hamiltonian treatments of correlation effects. The relationships between different models and the implications of existing spectroscopic data are also examined. Two well established conclusions are that the behavior of both systems is dominated by the same microscopic physics, and the crucial Cu 3d and O 2p electrons are strongly interacting and are not adequately described by conventional one-electron band theory. The most important unresolved problem in the area of electronic structure is the nature of the low-lying excitations in the normal metallic phase of these materials. The primary issue is whether such excitations can be adequately described by Fermi liquid theory, or whether one needs to consider a more exotic alternative, such as resonating valence bond theory. The first Fermi surface studies on the new superconductors based on two-dimensional angular correlation of positron annihilation radiation measurements yield some features that are in reasonable agreement with local density approximation band theory but yield other features that disagree.
Buried Periglacial Drainage Channels on the New Jersey Outer Continental Shelf

At the time of maximum Cenozoic glaciation, the New Jersey outer continental shelf, lying south of the ice margin (thought to have been along the southern shore of Long Island), occupied a periglacial, shallow water environment. Thick wedges of sediment on the mid and outer shelf are thought to be composed of material delivered via the Hudson River drainage system during melting and glacial retreat.
Inclusion of Content on Religion and Spirituality in the Social Work Curriculum: A Study of Faculty Views

Abstract Recently, there have been calls to re-examine the need for instruction on religion and spirituality in the social work curriculum. This study investigated the views of 280 full-time social work educators from 25 schools of social work on including such content in social work programs. Results showed that the majority (82.5%) supported inclusion of a specialized course, primarily as an elective. A positive attitude toward religion and spirituality in social work practice was the most important predictor of support for the inclusion of such content in the curriculum. Findings also revealed concerns about how the topic of religion and spirituality might be handled in practice and in the classroom. Issues related to appropriate course focus and teaching approaches in this content area are presented.
The loyalty ripple effect

The influence of loyal customers can reach far beyond their proximate impact on the company. This impact is analogous to the ripple caused by a pebble tossed into a still pond. In this article we introduce the loyalty ripple effect construct and define it as the influence, both direct and indirect, customers have on a firm through (1) generating interest in the firm by encouraging new customer patronage or (2) other actions or behaviours that create value for the organization. That is, in addition to their revenue stream, we suggest loyal customers may engage in several behaviours, including word‐of‐mouth communication, that add value to or reduce costs for the firm. In our discussion, we provide some examples to illustrate our point and conduct an exploratory study related to arguably the most salient ripple generator, word‐of‐mouth communication. The paper concludes with managerial implications and provides some suggestions for future research.
Variation in a locus linked to platelet aggregation phenotype predicts intraparenchymal hemorrhagic volume

Objective: Alteration in platelet aggregation has been shown to promote bleeding and affect outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).We investigated the influence of genetic variants of platelet aggregation, and their effects on admission ICH volume and clinical outcome. Methods: Our prospective study analyzed selected candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with platelet aggregation phenotype in previous genome-wide association studies, with regards to outcome and ICH volume. Patients were assessed at the Columbia University Medical Center Neuro-Intensive Care Unit. Exclusion criteria included age <18 years, ICH following trauma, hemorrhagic transformation, or tumor, no consent for genetic analysis, or incomplete data. Radiological variables (location and volume of acute ICH, presence of intraventricular extension, midline shift, and hydrocephalus) and clinical variables (mortality and modified Rankin score at discharge) were prospectively recorded. Results: One hundred...
Gay Does Not Necessarily Mean Good: A Critique of Jeffrey Sherman's Love Speech: The Social Utility of Pornography

Pornography cannot be classified as good or bad on the basis of the sex of the featured participants. This article criticizes Professor Jeffrey Sherman's claim that gay male pornography, unlike heterosexual pornography, provides the consumer with a necessary component to a 'flourishing life,' and that there is no inequality in gay male pornography. In his recent article, "Love Speech: The Social Utility of Pornography," 47 Stan. L. Rev. 661 (1995), Sherman reasons that because gay men are of the same station within a gender hierarchy, then gay pornography cannot contribute to or perpetuate inequality. However, Sherman ignores the fact that sameness of gender does not necessarily mean parity of power; men, like women, can be coerced. Sexual partners, though of the same sex, may differ in terms of race, class, age, or power in a relationship. Sherman ignores certain categories of images that he does not find praise-worthy and fails to make a meaningful distinction between erotica and pornography. Sherman also portrays sexual identity as a fixed, immutable construction and places himself in a privileged position which uniquely enables him to determine what images are good for gay men. This has the effect of cutting off debate and ignoring questions about the harms that pornography perpetuates.
Segregation of quarks within the nucleon

Measurements of the nucleon form factor and structure function indicate an inhomogeneous distribution of flavor, charge and spin within the nucleon. It is argued that the ordinary constituent quark model can explain the observed inhomogeneity as arising from spin-dependent interaction between quarks in this model. This agreement suggests a specific bound quark picture of the nucleon structure with a moderate diquark correlation.
Serum Levels of Phosphorus, Magnesium, and Calcium in Women Utilizing Combination Oral or Long-Acting Injectable Progestational Contraceptives*

371 patients of the Emory University Family Planning Clinic of Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta Georgia were divided into groups using oral pills (Ovulen-21) or long-acting injectable progestins (Depo-Provera) and compared with 2 control groups 1 using non-chemical contraceptives and the other consisting of women more than 35 weeks pregnant to investigate effects of hormonal contraception on mineral metabolism. Results showed significantly lower serum levels of phosphorus and calcium among women using oral pills and higher levels of phosphorus and magnesium among Depo-Provera users when compared to women in control groups. No significant changes in these levels were observed after prolonged contraceptive treatment nor throughout the cycle of the controls.
Impacts of New Media on Scholarly Publishing

This chapter summarizes a few key results of a workshop, held in the University of California Berkeley in June 2006, organized by the Center for New Media and supported by Elsevier, the leading publisher of scholarly journals. The workshop focused on the following questions: How will scientific publishing be affected by New Media? How will the new means of production, dissemination, and consumption of information impact scientific publishing? How will they affect the social, cultural, legal, and economic modalities of its practice? How will they affect the practitioners and the institutions that rely on it? How will they affect society at large? The chapter discusses the results of the workshop in terms of how New Media affect personal information behavior, research group behaviour, and issues affecting scholarly communication generally.
The mantle of Mars: Some possible geological implications of its high density

The high density of the Martian mantle probably implies an iron-rich composition expressed by a higher concentration of FeO than that in the earth's mantle. Examination of high-pressure mineralogies suggests that the model Martian mantle has an oxide-garnet wehrlite phase assemblage. This mantle model would be likely to yield ultrabasic (ferrobasaltic) melts of very low viscosity. The prevalence of low-viscosity material is consistent with large eruption rate and copious lava flow on the planet. Furthermore, ferro-kimberlite volcanic ash may be an abundant constituent in the Martian soil, especially if there was much volatile material within the early accreting Mars.