cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal distribution of residues of imidacloprid and its insecticidal 5-hydroxy and olefin and metabolites in eastern hemlock (Pinales: Pinaceae) in the southern Appalachians.

Widespread mortality of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere, resulting from infestation by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), has occurred throughout the native range of eastern hemlock within the eastern United States. Imidacloprid, a systemic insecticide, is one of the primary chemical compounds used to control hemlock woolly adelgid in both urban and, in a limited manner, in natural forest environments. The metabolism of imidacloprid in eastern hemlock produces 12 metabolites; two of these, imidacloprid 5-hydroxy and imidacloprid olefin, are considered toxicologically important metabolites. However, little is known about the persistence of these metabolites in eastern hemlock in the southern Appalachians. Concentrations ofimidacloprid, olefin, and 5-hydroxy were quantified by using HPLC/MS/MS techniques. Over the 3-yr study, concentrations of imidacloprid and consequent 5-hydroxy and olefin were highest in trees treated with a soil injection in the spring. Imidacloprid and 5-hydroxy concentrations in sap were highest at 12 mo posttreatment and in tissue at 15 mo posttreatment. Imidacloprid was detected through 36 mo posttreatment and 5-hydroxy was detected through 15 mo posttreatment. Olefin concentrations in both sap and tissue were highest at 36 mo posttreatment and were detected in high concentrations through 36 mo posttreatment. Concentrations of imidacloprid were highest in the bottom stratum of the canopy and lowest in the top stratum. Concentrations of olefin and 5-hydroxy were highest in the top stratum and lowest in the bottom stratum.
Puckering and Blowing Facial Expressions in People With Facial Movement Disorders

Background and Purpose. People with facial movement disorders are instructed to perform various facial movements as part of their physical therapy rehabilitation. A difference in the movement of the orbicularis oris muscle has been demonstrated among people without facial nerve impairments when instructed to “pucker your lips” and to “blow, as if blowing out a candle.” The objective of this study was to determine whether the within-subject difference between “pucker your lips” and “blow, as if blowing out a candle” found in people without facial nerve impairments is present in people with facial movement disorders. Subjects and Methods. People (N68) with unilateral facial movement disorders were observed as they produced puckering and blowing movements. Automated facial image analysis of both puckering and blowing was used to determine the difference between facial actions for the following movement variables: maximum speed, amplitude, duration, and corresponding asymmetry. Results. There was a difference between the amplitudes of movement for puckering and blowing. “Blow, as if blowing out a candle” produced a larger amplitude of movement. Discussion and Conclusion. The findings demonstrate that puckering and blowing movements in people with facial movement disorders differ in a manner that is consistent with differences found in people who are healthy. This information may be useful in the assessment of and intervention for facial movement disorders affecting the lower face.
An algorithm for UWB radar-based human detection

This paper presents an algorithm for human presence detection in urban environments using an ultra-wide-band (UWB) impulse-based mono-static radar. A specular multi-path model (SMPM) is used to characterize human body scattered UWB waveforms. The SMPM parameters are used within a classical likelihood ratio detector framework to detect the presence of humans via gait, with the aid of a multi-target tracking technique (MTT). Experimental results on a simple human gait detection problem in an outdoor urban environment are presented to illustrate and validate the approach.
Analysis of the Competent Community: Support for the Community Organization Role of the Health Educator

This study looks at the implications of emphasizing macro-change strategies for achieving a well society by examining the impact of community competence in the delivery of services on health status, as measured by years of productive life lost (YPLL), in thirty-three counties of Eastern North Carolina. Results of rankings and canonical analyses indicate that agency use of networks in planning is related to lower YPLL rates overall, but knowledge of services was related to lower white rates only. Community competence as a framework for evaluating community organization techniques is defined and the implications of the findings for community health practice are discussed.
Bias analysis of source localization using the maximum likelihood estimator

The nonlinear nature of the source localization problem creates bias to a location estimate. The bias could play a significant role in limiting the performance of localization and tracking when multiple measurements at different instants are available. This paper performs bias analysis of the source location estimate obtained by the maximum likelihood estimator, where the positioning measurements can be TOA, TDOA, or AOA. The effect of bias to the mean-square localization error is examined and the amounts of bias introduced by the three types of measurements are contrasted.
Multimodal Distribution of Frog Miniature Endplate Potentials in Adult, Denervated, and Tadpole Leg Muscle

Amplitude histograms of spontaneous miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) from adult sartorius muscle cells show a definite bimodality with the mean amplitude of the larger mode five to seven times that of the smaller mode which accounted for 2–5 % of the total MEPPs. Histograms were plotted after high frequency MEPP generation induced by increasing temperature, increasing external calcium or nerve stimulation. These plots showed a reversible left-shift of the major mode as well as a reversible increase in the proportion of small mode MEPPs. Repeated challenges shifted almost all MEPPs into the small mode. An increase in the percentage of small mode MEPPs also occurred spontaneously during the course of denervation before the quiescent period and some of the histogram profiles showed multiple modes whose means were integer multiples of the small mode mean. In the early stages of hind leg development the greatest proportion of MEPPs were of the small mode size; as metamorphosis progressed, the histograms showed a definite multimodality with the mean of each mode being an integer multiple of the small mode mean and with the proportion of MEPPs in each mode about the same. During tail resorption the percentage of larger MEPPs increased until the adult histogram profile was reached. Thus, the changes in MEPP amplitude histograms over the course of metamorphosis are the reverse of those found with denervation.
Spatial Characteristics of F/A-18 Vertical Tail Buffet Pressures Measured in Flight

Buffeting is an aeroelastic phenomenon which plagues high performance aircraft, especially those with twin vertical tails, at high angles of attack. Previous wind-tunnel and flight tests were conducted to characterize the buffet loads on the vertical tails by measuring surface pressures, bending moments, and accelerations. Following these tests, buffeting estimates were computed using the measured buffet pressures and compared to the measured responses. The estimates did not match the measured data because the assumed spatial correlation of the buffet pressures was not correct. A better understanding of the partial (spatial) correlation of the differential buffet pressures on the tail was necessary to improve the buffeting estimates. Several wind-tunnel investigations were conducted for this purpose. When combined and compared, the results of these tests show that the partial correlation depends on and scales with flight conditions. One of the remaining questions is whether the windtunnel data is consistent with flight data. Presented herein, cross-spectra and coherence functions calculated from pressures that were measured on the high alpha research vehicle (HARV) indicate that the partial correlation of the buffet pressures in flight agrees with the partial correlation observed in the wind tunnel.
Macular hole: improved understanding of pathogenesis, staging, and management based on optical coherence tomography

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has improved the understanding and management of idiopathic macular hole. Images of precursor lesions and their progression demonstrate that antero-posterior as well as tangential traction are involved in macular hole formation. The staging of macular holes with biomicroscopic examination can be paralleled by optical coherence tomography staging with some modification. OCT is useful in differentiating simulating lesions and in allowing better counseling of patients regarding their disorder. Finally, OCT findings are prognostic of surgical success and can assist in evaluating the results of surgery.
In vitro levels of copper, magnesium and zinc required for mitogen stimulated T lymphocyte proliferation

Abstract Proliferation of T lymphocytes stimulated with the nitogens concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemaglutinin (PHA) has been shown to be defective in copper, magnesium and zinc deficient in vitro media conditions. We examined the proliferation of splenocytes from C57B1/6 mice stimulated with Con A and PHA to determine the levels of copper, magnesium and zinc that were required for normal proliferation values. Spleen cells stimulated with lectins for 72 hours were cultured in media with defined levels of elements. Media values of copper, magnesium and zinc were established at the minimal level obtained by removal of divalent cations from the media and at 10, 30, 50, 70, 90 and 100% of normal control levels of the repleted element. Tritiated thymidine incorporation was used to monitor cell multiplication. Media copper repletion resulted in proliferation responses at the varying copper levels that represented a dose dependent relationship without a threshold below which thymidine incorporation dropped off. Media magnesium and zinc repletion, however, demonstrated thresholds (between 50 and 70% repletion) for the two elements below which little thymidine incorporation was determined.
Does KNM‐ER 1481A establish Homo erectus at 2.0 myr BP?

Kennedy (1983) has proposed that the KNM-ER 1481A femur represents Homo erectus and establishes the presence of this species at ca. 2.0.myr BP. A reconsideration of her criteria for taxonomic attribution indicates that its morphology implies only that it is an archaic member of the genus Homo. Its geochronological position, in conjunction with its morphology, suggest that it is best referred to H. habilis.
Bi-directional Dideoxy Fingerprinting (Bi-ddF): A Rapid Method for Quantitative Detection of Mutations in Genomic Regions of 300–600 bp

There is a great need for rapid screening methods that detect essentially all mutations. Dideoxy fingerprinting (ddF) is a highly sensitive screening method that is performed by electrophoresing one lane of a Sanger dideoxy termination reaction through a nondenaturing gel. Mutations may produce an extra segment or eliminate a segment from the termination products (informative dideoxy component). In addition, mutations can be detected by the altered mobility of one or more termination segments (informative SSCP component). To screen larger segments with virtually 100% sensitivity, bi-directional ddF (Bi-ddF) was developed. Bi-ddF is a 'second generation ddF' in which the dideoxy termination reaction is performed simultaneously with two opposing primers. Bi-ddF has two important advantages over ddF : (i) the dideoxy component can detect 10 of the 12 types of possible single-base substitutions ; and (ii) the SSCP component is enhanced because alterations of mobility can be detected in either the downstream or upstream direction. As a result, Bi-ddF can screen larger regions of genomic DNA with virtually 100% sensitivity. Bi-ddF detected 100% of 28 single-base substitutions in a 494 bp segment containing exons B and C of the human factor IX gene and 100% of 42 single-base substitutions and one microdeletion present in a 577 bp region containing exon H. In a blinded analysis in which 39 wildtype samples were randomly mixed with 51 mutant samples, all mutations were detected with no false positives. Bi-ddF requires essentially the same effort as ddF, yet twofold more DNA sequence can be screened reliably per unit effort.
Adsorption properties of ordered mesoporous silicas synthesized in the presence of block copolymer Pluronic F127 under microwave irradiation

Ordered mesoporous silicas (OMSs) were prepared at different temperatures by using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a silica source, poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer (Pluronic F127) as a structure directing agent and sodium chloride as an additive under acidic conditions and microwave irradiation. The small angle X-ray diffraction patterns of these samples indicate the presence of ordered mesopores, while adsorption studies show that they possess high volumes of pores, bimodal pore size distributions and large pore sizes. There is an interesting change in the hysteresis loop of nitrogen adsorption isotherms with increasing temperature of hydrothermal treatment; a delayed desorption characteristic for cage-like mesostructures is observed for the OMS samples treated at 100 and 120 °C, while the hydrothermal treatment at 140 and 160 °C leads to the samples having hysteresis loops characteristic for channel-like materials.
Quasi-maximum likelihood estimators for spatial dynamic panel data with fixed effects when both n and T are large ☆

This paper investigates the asymptotic properties of quasi-maximum likelihood estimators for spatial dynamic panel data with …xed eects when both the number of individuals n and the number of time periods T are large. We consider the case where T is asymptotically large relative to n, the case where T is asymptotically proportional to n, and the case where n is asymptotically large relative to T. In the case where T is asymptotically large relative to n, the estimators are p nT consistent and asymptotically normal, with the limit distribution centered around 0. When n is asymptotically proportional to T, the estimators are p nT consistent and asymptotically normal, but the limit distribution is not centered around 0; and when n is large relative to T, the estimators are consistent with rate T, and have a degenerate limit distribution. The estimators of the …xed eects are p T consistent and asymptotically normal. We also propose a bias correction for our estimators. We show that when T grows faster than n 1=3 , the correction will asymptotically eliminate the bias and yield a centered con…dence interval.
Information resources and organizational structure

Current approaches to understanding organizational structure are reviewed as background for the assertion that structure is a major determinant in the kinds of information resources collected and In the ways they are used. Information resource uses in relation to functions of the organization and form of the Information carriers are described, as are the differences In treatment of externally generated versus internal information. In the complex and changing environments organizations face today, it is suggested that greater attention be focused on information flow within organizations and in the use and reuse of information resources. The article concludes with some critical political and social factors to be considered in reorganizing information flows.
Wave Equation Migration with the Accurate Space Derivative METHOD

A stacked seismic section represents a wave-field recorded at regularly spaced points on the surface. The seismic migration process transforms this recorded data into a reflectivity display. In recent years, Jon F. Claerbout and his co-workers developed migration techniques based on the numerical approximation of the wave equation by finite difference methods. This paper describes an alternative method, termed ASD (for Accurate Space Derivative), and its application to the wave equation migration problem. In this approach to the numerical solution of partial differential equations, partial derivatives are computed by finite Fourier transform methods. This migration method can accommodate media with vertical as well as horizontal velocity variations.
Utility of adenosine administration during intraoperative mapping in a patient with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that is administered intravenously and has potent chronotropic and dromotropic effects. This drug is distinguished from verapamil by its very short half-life. This makes it an ideal agent for use in the operating room where long lasting electrophysiological effects may not he desirable. A 61-year-old man with preexcited atrial fibrillation was referred for surgical ablation of his accessory pathway. Preexcitation was minimal or absent on arrival in the operating room. Intravenous adenosine was given causing AV nodal block, and resulted in marked preexcitation, thus allowing computerized mapping to localize the site of the accessory pathway. Adenosine may be a useful agent for rapid and precise localization of accessory pathivay(s) in a select group of patients with minimal preexcitation at the time of surgery. Its short half-life allotvs additional mapping without sustained electrophysiological effects on the AV node, or accessory pathway.
Regulation of formyl peptide receptor agonist affinity by reconstitution with arrestins and heterotrimeric G proteins.

Abstract Although heptahelical chemoattractant and chemokine receptors are known to play a significant role in the host immune response and the pathophysiology of disease, the molecular mechanisms and transient macroassemblies underlying their activation and regulation remain largely uncharacterized. We report herein real time analyses of molecular assemblies involving the formyl peptide receptor (FPR), a well described member of the chemoattractant subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), with both arrestins and heterotrimeric G proteins. In our system, the ability to define and discriminate distinct, in vitro receptor complexes relies on quantitative differences in the dissociation rate of a fluorescent agonist as well as the guanosine 5′-3-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTPγS) sensitivity of the complex, as recently described for FPR-G protein interactions. In the current study, we demonstrate a concentration- and time-dependent reconstitution of liganded, phosphorylated FPR with exogenous arrestin-2 and -3 to form a high agonist affinity, nucleotide-insensitive complex with EC50 values of 0.5 and 0.9 μm, respectively. In contrast, neither arrestin-2 nor arrestin-3 altered the ligand dissociation kinetics of activated, nonphosphorylated FPR. Moreover, we demonstrated that the addition of G proteins was unable to alter the ligand dissociation kinetics or induce a GTPγS-sensitive state of the phosphorylated FPR. The properties of the phosphorylated FPR were entirely reversible upon treatment of the receptor preparation with phosphatase. These results represent to our knowledge the first report of the reconstitution of a detergent-solubilized, phosphorylated GPCR with arrestins and, furthermore, the first demonstration that phosphorylation of a nonvisual GPCR is capable of efficiently blocking G protein binding in the absence of arrestin. The significance of these results with respect to receptor desensitization and internalization are discussed.
Divergent evolution of two corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) genes in teleost fishes

Genome duplication, thought to have happened twice early in vertebrate evolution and a third time in teleost fishes, gives rise to gene paralogs that can evolve subfunctions or neofunctions via sequence and regulatory changes. To explore the evolution and functions of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), we searched sequenced teleost genomes for CRH paralogs. Our phylogenetic and synteny analyses indicate that two CRH genes, crha and crhb, evolved via duplication of crh1 early in the teleost lineage. We examined the expression of crha and crhb in two teleost species from different orders: an African cichlid, Burton’s mouthbrooder, (Astatotilapia burtoni; Order Perciformes) and zebrafish (Danio rerio; Order Cypriniformes). Furthermore, we compared expression of the teleost crha and crhb genes with the crh1 gene of an outgroup to the teleost clade: the spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus). In situ hybridization for crha and crhb mRNA in brains and eyes revealed distinct expression patterns for crha in different teleost species. In the cichlid, crha mRNA was found in the retina but not in the brain. In zebrafish, however, crha mRNA was not found in the retina, but was detected in the brain, restricted to the ventral hypothalamus. Spotted gar crh1 was found in the retina as well as the brain, suggesting that the ancestor of teleost fishes likely had a crh1 gene expressed in both retina and brain. Thus, genome duplication may have freed crha from constraints, allowing it to evolve distinct sequences, expression patterns, and likely unique functions in different lineages.
Tensor network trial states for chiral topological phases in two dimensions and a no-go theorem in any dimension

Trial wave functions that can be represented by summing over locally coupled degrees of freedom are called tensor network states (TNSs); they have seemed difficult to construct for two-dimensional topological phases that possess protected gapless edge excitations. We show it can be done for chiral states of free fermions, using a Gaussian Grassmann integral, yielding ${p}_{x}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}i{p}_{y}$ and Chern insulator states, in the sense that the fermionic excitations live in a topologically nontrivial bundle of the required type. We prove that any strictly short-range quadratic parent Hamiltonian for these states is gapless; the proof holds for a class of systems in any dimension of space. The proof also shows, quite generally, that sets of compactly supported Wannier-type functions do not exist for band structures in this class. We construct further examples of TNSs that are analogs of fractional (including non-Abelian) quantum Hall phases; it is not known whether parent Hamiltonians for these are also gapless.
Combinatorial Solid-Phase Synthesis of Aromatic Oligoamides: A Research-Based Laboratory Module for Undergraduate Organic Chemistry

A five-week, research-based experiment suitable for second-semester introductory organic laboratory students is described. Each student designs, prepares, and analyzes a combinatorial array of six aromatic oligoamides. Molecules are prepared on solid phase via a six-step synthetic sequence, and purities and identities are determined by analysis of LC–MS data. This experiment engages students in a research experience: none of the structurally diverse compounds prepared have been previously reported in the literature. After completion of this experiment, products are evaluated for their biological activity in the author’s research laboratory. Although execution of biological experiments falls outside the learning objectives in this course, these applications motivate students. Through these hands-on experiences, students learn about organic chemistry reactions and modern techniques, and their research skills are enhanced.
Decision Management

The decision making process is initiated when the current situation and past experience compels us to take some action. The purpose of the action is to somehow alter the conditions of the current situation to form a future situation that conforms to our desires. But the current situation is a consequence of previous decisions. Also, as we progress in time, our current situation will become part of that past. Therefore, decisions are made over time, with each current decision in some way predicated upon previously made decisions. Research to date has focused on the process of making a decision, whether as a structured rational choice or a more naturalistic decision making paradigm. What we will address in this paper is a concept of decision management; looking at the decision management process as a series of decision processes, aligned in time, with future decisions dependent on current decisions and current decisions impacted by past decisions. This decision management concept consists of three parts: reflective assessment that looks into the past, projective assessment that anticipates the future and decision making which reasons over the current situation. This paper will look at each of these parts in more detail and discuss relevant technologies that enable them. It is believed that by incorporating the decision process into a decision management scheme, we can mitigate the negative consequences of our decisions and reach our goal state more efficiently.
High-Temperature Dielectric Properties of Polycrystalline Ceramics

Experimental methods for determining the high-temperature millimeter-wave dielectric properties of solids are described and the data obtained on a wide variety of polycrystalline ceramics are reviewed. In general, the observed increase in dielectric constants with temperature can be modeled with a macroscopic dielectric virial expansion and shown to be primarily caused by an increase in polarizability due to volume expansion. The room-temperature loss tangents in low-absorption ceramics are probably caused by impurity doping of the primary and secondary crystalline phases at grain junctions and along grain boundaries. The rapid increase in loss tangent at high temperatures commonly observed in polycrystalline ceramics is associated with softening of intergranular amorphous phases resulting in an increase in localized electrical conductivity.
Epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Shunyi District in Beijing from 1996 to 2007

Objective To understand epidemiological characteristics of rubella in Shunyi of Beijing during 1997～2007 to provide evidence for its prevention and control.Methods Data of rubella incidence were described and analyzed epidemiologically.Results Totally,277 cases of rubella were reported from 1997 to 2007,with an incidence rate of 3.77 per 100 000.Rubella incidence varied significantly with years(P0.01),with peaks during March to July in 1997～2007,accounting for 77.85 percent of total cases in a year,and school children accounted for 60.65 percent of the total.Forty cases of them(14.44 percent)were definitely immunized with rubella vaccine.Age at onset of the cases shifted to older and incidence increased in migrant population.Conclusion Prevention and control for rubella should focused on school children and migrant population,and disease surveillance in schools and coverage of rubella immunization in school children should be improved.
Arthropod diversity on plants at field margins of organic farming paddy rice

An investigation was conducted on the arthropod community on the plants(weeds,soybean,and sesame) at the margins of both organic farming paddy rice-duck field and conventional paddy field with wheat-rice rotation in East China across rice growth season.A total of 172 arthropod species belonging to 76 families,12 orders,and 2 classes were collected,including 103 species of natural enemies(33 spiders,6 predatory insects,and 64 parasitoid species) and 64 species of phytophagous insects.At the margins of organic farming paddy rice-duck field,the species richness and abundance of the spiders and insect natural enemies on the plants were 4.5 times and 1.5 times greater than those at the margins of conventional paddy field,respectively.The insect species richness at the margins of organic farming paddy rice-duck field was the highest on soybean and weeds(71),followed by on sesame(62),and the Shannon index was the highest on weeds;while at conventional paddy field margins,the insects on soybean had the highest richness(52) and Shannon index,and those on weeds had the smallest Shannon index.An obvious link was observed in the seasonal variations of the abundance between spiders and rice planthoppers on the weeds at organic farming paddy rice-duck field margins,but not observed at conventional paddy field margins probably due to the application of pesticides for the control of rice planthoppers.This investigation indicated that,compared with conventional paddy field,organic farming paddy rice-duck field was more beneficial to the protection of natural enemies,and planting soybean and sesame at conventional paddy field margins had positive effects on the conservation of arthropod community in paddy field.
Urothelial Cancer in White and Japanese Patients in Hawaii: Pathology

AbstractThe sites, growth patterns, histological grades and degrees of invasion of urothelial tumors were assessed among white and Japanese patients in Hawaii. Tissues were available from 225 white and 164 Japanese patients, representing virtually all of the urothelial tumors from these races entered into the Hawaii Tumor Registry for Oahu island between 1977 and 1986. No statistically significant interracial differences emerged from the analysis. Grade 1 papillary tumors were the most numerous types encountered, consisting of 43% of the urothelial tumors in men of both races, and 37.5% in white and 31% in Japanese women. Recently, observed increasing incidence trends of urothelial tumors among white men in the United States are associated with a synchronous decrease in mortality trends. Our analysis indicates that these diverging trends cannot be accounted for by increased numbers of noninvasive papillary tumors.
Lamb wave propagation in a plate with step discontinuities

Abstract Ultrasonic Lamb waves are affected by structural discontinuities (e.g. stiffeners, ribs or joints), and it is necessary to understand the quantitative characteristics of their influence on the waves so that the structural features are not misidentified as defects in nondestructive evaluation (NDE) applications. In this paper, the benchmark problem of Lamb wave reflection at a free end as well as the interaction of Lamb waves with upward and downward step discontinuities is solved using an analytical approach. The free-end problem is considered to show the influence of the decaying waves on the power flow in the plate. In all problems, a near-field solution is obtained, and power flows past the cross-sections of the plate are evaluated. Furthermore, amplitude spectra and results for different step sizes are presented. The analytically derived results are compared with those from transient finite element simulations, showing good agreement.
Modeling Boston: A workflow for the efficient generation and maintenance of urban building energy models from existing geospatial datasets

Abstract City governments and energy utilities are increasingly focusing on the development of energy efficiency strategies for buildings as a key component in emission reduction plans and energy supply strategies. To support these diverse needs, a new generation of Urban Building Energy Models (UBEM) is currently being developed and validated to estimate citywide hourly energy demands at the building level. However, in order for cities to rely on UBEMs, effective model generation and maintenance workflows are needed based on existing urban data structures. Within this context, the authors collaborated with the Boston Redevelopment Authority to develop a citywide UBEM based on official GIS datasets and a custom building archetype library. Energy models for 83,541 buildings were generated and assigned one of 52 use/age archetypes, within the CAD modelling environment Rhinoceros3D. The buildings were then simulated using the US DOE EnergyPlus simulation program, and results for buildings of the same archetype were crosschecked against data from the US national energy consumption surveys. A district-level intervention combining photovoltaics with demand side management is presented to demonstrate the ability of UBEM to provide actionable information. Lack of widely available archetype templates and metered energy data, were identified as key barriers within existing workflows that may impede cities from effectively applying UBEM to guide energy policy.
Runx1-Cbfb Interacts with CHD7, a Chromatin Modifying Enzyme with a Potential Role in Hematopoiesis

Abstract 1300 Mutations in RUNX1 and CBFB are among the most common genetic alterations in hematologic malignancies, including acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemia (AML, ALL), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), myelodysplastic syndrome and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Loss of Runx1-CBFb causes a failure of hematopoietic stem cell emergence during embryogenesis. Critical roles for Runx1-CBFb in adult hematopoiesis include hematopoietic stem and progenitor homeostasis, and lymphoid and megakaryocytic differentiation. We took an unbiased co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry approach to identify Runx1-CBFb co-regulators in T cells, and identified chromodomain helicase binding protein 7 (CHD7) as a potential interacting partner. CHD7 is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein that primarily occupies enhancer and promoter regions. Autosomal dominant mutations in CHD7 cause CHARGE syndrome (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth and/or development, Genital and/or urinary abnormalities, and Ear abnormalities and deafness). It was shown that CHD7 interacts with Sox2, and its occupancy correlates with H3K4me1/2 modifications and P300 binding at enhancer regions, and H3K4me3 marks at promoters. We confirmed the interaction of endogenous Runx1 and CHD7 in T cells. We demonstrate that the Runx1 transactivation domain, which is critical at all stages of hematopoiesis, is required for the CHD7 interaction. To elucidate an in vivo function for CHD7 in hematopoiesis, we generated a conditional pan-hematopoietic Chd7 deletion in mice using a floxed Chd7 allele and Vav1-Cre. Deletion of Chd7 in hematopoietic cells appears to cause no lineage specific defects. However, CHD7 deficient bone marrow cells had a competitive advantage in T cell reconstitution as compared to wild type cells, suggesting a role for CHD7 in restraining T cell numbers in the adult. Determining how CHD7 exerts its functions should shed light on underlying mechanisms in hematopoietic stem cell formation, T cell development, and hematopoietic malignancies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A Narrative Review of the Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Development of Knee Osteoarthritis After Traumatic Unilateral Lower Limb Amputation

ABSTRACT Introduction: Young military Service Members with traumatic unilateral lower limb amputations may be at a high risk for developing knee osteoarthritis (OA). There is growing evidence for potential influence and predictive value of nonsystemic risk factors on development and progression of primary knee OA in older adults. Proposed factors include chronic knee pain, obesity, abnormal knee joint mechanics, muscle weakness, previous knee trauma, and altered physical activity level. However, there is limited information available regarding whether such nonsystemic risk factors could also be responsible for the increased risk of knee OA after traumatic, unilateral lower limb amputation in young military Service Members. The purpose of this narrative review is to compile and present evidence regarding prevalence of nonsystemic and potentially modifiable knee OA risk factors in Service Members with traumatic, unilateral lower limb amputation, and to identify potential strategies for intervention. Materia...
Preventing fatal winch entanglements in the US southern shrimp fleet: a research to practice approach

Abstract Introduction During 2000–2011, 35 injuries (8 fatal) involving winches were reported to the Coast Guard in the Southern shrimp fleet. Injuries involving the main winch drums had a higher risk for fatal outcomes compared to injuries involving the winch cathead (RR = 7.5; 1.1–53.7). The objective of this study was to design effective solutions to protect deckhands from entanglement hazards posed by winches found on the vessels in the Southern shrimp fleet. Methods Based on injury characteristics, site visit observations, and input from vessel owners, NIOSH determined that the design and implementation of effective main-winch guarding was a feasible first-step in mitigating the entanglement hazard. Design considerations for stationary guards favor systems that are simple, affordable, durable, unobtrusive, and will not interfere with normal fishing operations. In addition, an auxiliary-stop method was tested to prevent entanglements in try-net winches. Results Standardized passive guards were designed for three commonly found main winch models. Initial prototype guards have been sea-tested. The design of six additional guards is underway, for a total of three iterations for each winch model identified. These will incorporate features found to be valued by fishermen, will be more efficient, and will reduce the overall cost of fabrication and maintenance. Sea testing of these iterations continues. The auxiliary-stop circuit control prototype system was designed to prevent entanglements in the try-net winch and is currently being sea tested. Discussion NIOSH has completed initial designs for stationary-winch guards. Through collaborations with shrimper associations and safety groups, the successfully tested winch guard and auxiliary stop designs will be made available to qualified welders and craftsmen to use. This approach has proven effective in preventing other types of winch injuries. Practical applications Injury epidemiologic methods and industry input are an effective way to identify workplace hazards and to design effective safety interventions to control hazards.
Examining Emotional Blunting Phenomenon in Advertising: An Abstract

Although previous context effect literature has confirmed the mood congruence effect, this study attempts to examine the emotional blunting phenomenon that could possibly occur between same valence emotions when the emotions have a different appraisal. Building on the appraisal tendency framework and emotional blunting hypothesis, this study aims to investigate how an existing discrete emotion (i.e., anger, disgust, or pride) elicited from a media context blunts or augments subsequent emotional experiences (i.e., sadness or empathy) elicited by a commercial that follows. The findings of the study will not only contribute to the theory of advertising context effect but also provide a useful guide to help practitioners implement a proper ad placement.
Testing for Trademark Dilution in Court and in the Lab

Federal courts are currently split, even within particular districts, on the basic question of what a plaintiff must show to establish that a defendant’s conduct constitutes trademark dilution by blurring. Federal trademark law defines “dilution by blurring” as “association arising from the similarity between a mark or trade name and a famous mark that impairs the distinctiveness of the famous mark.” In construing this statutory language, a majority of courts have held that to establish blurring, a plaintiff need only show that consumers associate the defendant’s mark with the plaintiff’s famous mark. These courts appear to assume that to the extent that there is consumer association, this association alone will “impair the distinctiveness” of the famous mark. A minority of courts have held that the plaintiff must show both consumer association and that this consumer association “impairs the distinctiveness” of the famous mark. In this article, we make two contributions to the current debate over what must be shown to establish dilution by blurring. First, we report the results of a set of experiments that reveal that the majority approach is fundamentally deficient. These experiments demonstrate that even when consumers associate a junior mark with a famous senior mark, this association does not necessarily result in any impairment of the ability of the senior mark to identify its source and associations. Second, we evaluate the current state of the art in trademark dilution survey methodology: response time surveys. These surveys purportedly show both consumer association and impairment. Through a set of experiments, we demonstrate that these surveys currently use the wrong control and are invalid. In light of our findings, we reflect more generally on the question of whether dilution by blurring ever occurs and on how the blurring cause of action may be reconfigured better to comport with courts’ intuitions about the true nature of the harm that the cause of action seeks to address.
Metaphorical Stories in Discourse

When Hillary Clinton conceded in 2008 that she didn't quite 'shatter the glass ceiling', and when Rick Perry in 2012 called Mitt Romney a 'vulture capitalist', they used abbreviated metaphorical stories, in which stories about one topic are presented as stories about something entirely different. This book examines a wide range of metaphorical stories, beginning with literary genres such as allegories and fables, then focusing on metaphorical stories in ordinary conversations, political speeches, editorial cartoons, and other communication. Sometimes metaphorical stories are developed in rich detail; in other examples, like 'vulture capitalist', they may merely be referenced or implied. This book argues that close attention to metaphorical stories and story metaphors enriches our understanding and is essential to any theory of communication. The book introduces a theoretical structure, which is developed into a theory of metaphorical stories and then illustrates the theory by applying it to actual discourse.
Policy and Practice of School-Based Counseling in Bangladesh: Current Provisions and Future Directions

This chapter discusses school-based counseling policy provisions and practices in Bangladesh. It starts by providing a brief overview of school education system in Bangladesh. It then illustrates the counseling provisions in general and points to the lack of counseling service in the country. Afterward, the chapter analyzes the national policy provisions for school-based counseling and describes counseling practices in school. This discussion highlights the fact that school-based counseling is almost nonexistent in the country and points to the dire need of introducing counseling services in schools. Finally, the chapter presents some directions for advancement of school-based counseling in Bangladesh such as establishment of professional association, development of human resources, establishment of government department on school-based counseling, and conducting policy research on key areas where counseling service can play a vital role in improving students’ learning experiences in schools.
Abstract P193: High Density Lipoprotein is Superior to Triglyceride as a Biomarker of Physiologic Stress in African Immigrants: The Africans in America Study

Introduction: For Africans living in the United States, the extent to which stress-induced physiologic dysfunction varies by reason for immigration is unknown. Allostatic load score (ALS) is used to assess physiologic stress. ALS has biomarkers in 3 domains: cardiovascular, metabolic and immune. However, there are many ALS equations and the number of biomarkers in each domain varies. In the cardiac domain of ALS, equations use either triglyceride (TG) or high density lipoprotein (HDL). A specific problem for African descent populations is that HDL may be superior to TG as a marker of insulin resistance and cardiac risk. Objective: Our primary goal in 95 African immigrants (71% male, age 42±10, (mean±SD), range 22-62y) was to determine if ALS varied by reason for immigration. Our secondary goal was to evaluate 4 different ALS equations to determine if there was a difference in ALS performance depending on whether HDL or TG was the included biomarker. Methods and Results: For all 4 equations, the reasons for immigration from lowest to highest ALS were: family reunification, lottery for self and immediate family, marriage, asylum, work and study (Figure 1). As the first 3 reasons for immigration promoted family unity, they were grouped together (Group 1). The Africans who came for other reasons were grouped together (Group 2). Equations 1 and 2 included HDL as a biomarker. For these equations, ALS in Group 1 vs. Group 2 were: 1.7±1.3 vs. 2.8±1.7, P P P =0.08 and 2.1±1.4 vs. 2.9±2.0, P =0.03 resp. In Equations 1 and 2, when HDL was replaced by TG, the significant difference in ALS between groups declined. In Equations 3 and 4, when TG was replaced by HDL, the significant difference in ALS between groups increased. Conclusions: ALS varies by reason for immigration and is easier to detect in ALS equations which use HDL rather than TG.
Acute Lung Injury in Pregnancy

Critical illness invariably elicits special trepidation and concern whenever a pregnant patient is involved. Not only must providers struggle to restore normal physiology to the mother, but they must do so whilst providing adequate circulation, oxygenation, and ventilation to the growing fetus. Few disease processes present as great a challenge to this delicate maternal-fetal balance as Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and its most severe form, the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). While the past decade has finally produced clinical trials demonstrating a reduced mortality when patients with ARDS are treated with careful ventilator strategies, investigational trials almost invariably exclude pregnant patients, leaving us to hypothesize how the application of various strategies will differ in a pregnant patient. In this chapter, we will review the definitions, clinical features, and epidemiology of ALI/ARDS in the pregnant patient, discuss the specific challenges that pregnancy imposes upon a patient with ALI, and present our therapeutic approach to the gravida with ALI.
Experimental investigation of bond behavior of mild steel reinforcement in UHPC

Abstract Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is a relatively new class of advanced cementitious composite material, which exhibits high compressive and tensile strengths. The discrete steel fiber reinforcement included in UHPC allows the material to maintain a tensile capacity beyond cracking of the cementitious matrix. The bond behavior of deformed reinforcing bar in UHPC is investigated in this study by conducting pull out tests and beam tests with lap splices. The rebar used for these tests are #4 (M13), #5 (M16) A615 grade 60 bars and # 6(M19), #7 (M22) A615 grade 80 bars. The embedment length and side cover for the pull out tests were varied from 6db to 8db (db = diameter of the rebar) and 1db to 3.5db, respectively. The beam tests were conducted under four-point loading and the clear cover for these tests was varied from 1db to 3db. The rebar for all beam specimens were spliced at mid-span for a length of 8db. The beam specimens were instrumented to capture the strains at different points along the splice length. 16 pull out and 12 beam tests were completed and the effect of embedment length, concrete cover, bar size and bar type on the bond strength were investigated. This paper presents the details of this experimental investigation and adds significant new data on the bond stress distribution along the development length. It was found that the development length of embedded reinforcement in UHPC can be significantly reduced when compared to normal concrete.
Medical Claims at National Collegiate Athletic Association Institutions: The Athletic Trainer's Role

Context National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) institutions are required to certify insurance coverage of medical expenses for injuries student-athletes sustain while participating in NCAA...